Antoniade, COnstantin - Opere

999

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isioija staLui1or cle 1a Urbino. Dupi birttilia cle Fornuc';o, rincle mar-
ihizul Francesco comaudase armatele aliate, rnercenalii
lui iefuind
llrsai:eliisbcrjceab1hrreiii.z5rFa1erg"aapencrlciulmemiseifcrrgaoatbeusicleevelJezgsintCtaeCapairiolsceLiiir1VrlcieIlIduIdle,eiirprFuerliaiaannstircnceAirasbB,uoecfglaaeatrttr.eeicIieeiamit,pdpcrodlcudzrcoiimebsdeaeraedurfdeuczzMobdroitlsaui dnrgiol5Iee.-
trirrith surotii sa1e, lSrii sii refuze.'.

I ,,Exccler-rla Voastrir gi-a ardtat dcriu(a sf, trirnit cci patru arazzi ce aparfineau
ca sd-i laccti dar clucesei clc NIilano. Bineinf eles, cd trel:uie sir rnd
i'.,1clui Frantei
supnrr, dar dc data a\td o iac cu mare trcpl6cere, cdci dupf, pdrerea mca acestc
spolii regaie ar trcbui si rdmini in familia noastrd sple a perpcttla nemoria glo-
rioaselor voastle fapie, despre care nu avem aici alte amintiri. Ddruindu-le altora'
pilrcJi a pdrdsi cinstea intreprinclerii odatd cu trofeelc victoriei. Nu le trimit astdzi
un catir qi pcntru cd sper cd vefi gdsi o scuzi Jale dc ducesd,
r-.erntru c6 n-ain nici cd-mi d.lruiseli mie acetti o.razzi. De r-ru i-aE fi vdzut, n-a9 tine

spunirrdu-i, cle pilc16,
atita la ei, dar cum mi i-ati dat mie intii 9i au fost ciqtiga{i cu primcjdia vietii

,"-oa-.tre, nu m-aF clespdr.ti cle ei decit cu lacrimi ir-r ochi."

cle frAalnticrepziilcgt6i .splnien1c4t9id9u, lLloudiocr"a'isctoelSjfeofruziat., ducele de Milano, e izgonit

tului n1 impieclicd pe isabella sX-;i aducd Durerea deposed6rii cumna-

aminte ci Lorenza da Pavia
fiicuse, pe cincl triia clucesa Beatlice, u11 frumos clavicord, unic pe
lnuornbeil.iiinmclialatinrenzai lccahliez-aFisetr.alddalesseeralzdduicueileA,n$toi-ni icoePrealslaiiviccainuote, unul din

faimosul

instrument. Dultii muite cercetdli, clavicordul furat se gdsegte Si un
erlt Pailarriciuo, Galeazzo, iI trimite la N4antova, Erultincl de bticurie,

Isabella anunl:i buna veste meFterlllui Lorenzo.

ViI

tr u:<ul Esabellei d'Este

Esie giiut. c:i Rena;Lerea italiand esle o epocil cle sornptuozit6ti
e:xterioare cale fac ceva unic din decorul r'ieiil cle aluirci. Pasiunea
se manifestir nu numai in arhitecturd, scrilpturii;i pictur5, in
ariisticS gi sei'bdri, in reprezentdri
cor:Legii teatrale ; ea pAtluncle pinX in cele
:nai mici amdrrunte ale vlelii zilnice : sd lle qindim, de pilclir, la frrimu-
Seiea maiolicelor 9i faianle1ol ce ser\reau la uzul de toatii ziua, la
elegJanfa ceioi: mai umiie uneite, fdrii sd mai vorbim cle giuvaere, cie
ai'gintiiriite masi\re, cle rnedaliile ce se pnrtau 1a p6ldrii' Aceiagi iucru
pentru costuln. E cieslul sd privim frescele 9i tablourile cu personaje
gi Cinquecento, ca sd vedem citd bog[tie Pi pasiune de
c1in Qriattro punea in imbrdcbminte. Erau atunci
ornament se destule averi in Italia
care sd permitfl lttxul stib toate inf 5!i95ri1e, Centrele principale ale
viefii iuxoase erau Venetria, pe atunci Iegina mirilot'' Florenfa, ora$ul
mLuamriiliocrrebgutrigieh.eiztiaipiai ,bcaanrceheardiubseosgeafEi,uRroopmeai ,asticteaaunluucl rpuarpi,aol 9ini vcaenfdtru9li

eleqantra artisticii.

656

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cdtrdtoria ei in Franfa, cle la N,Iarsilia pind la Lyon cle-a lungul Rhonn-
lui, ln toate oragele lumea se ingrdmddea sd admire splenclidele rochii
ale marchizei Ei ciamigelc,lor ei.
Dupi moartea Beatricei, isabella rimine regina necontestatd a ele-
ganlelor italiene, care ajung elegan{ele europene.
Regina Poloniei ii
scria in 1522 clin Cracovia prociamind-o ,,Ionte et origine di tutte ]e
belle toggie cl'Italia", iar regina Franfei era aSa cle multumitd cle clarui
unei cluzini cie perechi de mdnugi flcut cle marchizi incit nu ie purta

clecit ]a sdrbErtori.

Rochiile bogate nu mergeau fdrii giuvaere de pref. Uneori pietre
sacuIprnppoelieterai uScfourszuateecrahiaprrepfeuittdesluatu5l c0i0e0augralgbieanrig. iinnt. O singurd rochie
trusoul Lucreziei
Borgia figura o haind impodobitii cu 25 diamante, 15 perle qi 84 rubine.

Isabellei ii pldceau nu numai pietrele rare, dar se ingrijea mai ales
de legdtura ior artisticd. Corespondenfa ei e plind de comenzi cdire
cei r:rai buni giuvaergii din Venefia, Milano Ei Ferrara. in portreiui

tizianesc cle la Viena, marchiza e acoperitd cle giuvaere. Un ('ontenr-
poranr anulne Peilegrino lv{oretio, afirmd cd ea posecla ,,cel mai fruuos
smerald clin zina cle astdzi, gdsit in mormintul Tulliolei, fiica tui Cicelo".
Luzio crede sd poatd identifica acest stnarald cu diamantul tie care
vorlreqte Benvenuto Cellini in Trattato dell'Oriticeria, v6zuL de el ]a
Mfntova : ,,diarnant uqor colorat in vercle, pdrinci cei mai frumos sma-
totuqi cliamant
ralci din lume, clar prin strdlucirdd lui specificS." De
bogdlia g;iuvaerelor isabellei stau martori testamentul ei ca 9i inven-
tarul incheiat dupfr moarte.
Cu gusturile ei artistice, falii de ispita continud a atitor lucruri
flumoase, mijloacele Isabellei erau insuficiente. De cite ori a trebuit
sd renunfe la clobindirea cutdrii opere de arid ori unui-giuvaer prea
scurnll ! Vlarchiza nu risipea, ltia li sd se tocmeascd i era totu$i clar-

nicii, ciar cn soco[eal5. Veriiiuriie ei personaie se ridicau la 10 000 qai-
beni ceea ce ar face astdzi rzreo de milion franci
-nu gnsiurile qi iumdtate eiur,
snmir excesi'r,ri pentru obliqafiile ei. Ce striqtii ii iese
din inin-rd, odatd cind cumnaiul sdn, Lodovico Sforza, ii aratri como-
rile lui de la VIilauo, giuvaerele si ldzile pline cle frumogi ciucafi : ,,Facti
-Dlroismsninr.o,l, sir arrem si noi, care cheltuirn de bundvoie, radcar atitia !"
bine si
in eloc{iul ce face rnarchizei, scria : ,,Cine qtie, mai
cn mai mnlta bundvoie ca aceasta sii cheltuiascd pentru lucrurile lijn-
clabiie gi acolo uncle e aderri"rrala irerroie ?" lJon ltt mai ntio costuntc
rli cunittlur clenuri.' n-am avut niciodatd obiceiul sd string bani, scria
ea fi ului Ferrante care, contind pe o nogtenire ce fiictise marchiza,
ii cerea sii-l ajute. Dupd una clin victoriile marchizului Francesco,
nioria rrenetiand, recunosciitoare, ii acordase o g;ratificalie de 2 Se-
0f)0
ciucati si incii atilia marchizei : cu aceea;i qrabd ea ii cheltui pe iofi
ia Venefia.
Cu toaiii socoteala ei qi f iirii a fi risipitoare, Isabella at ea deseori
cia|orii. in 1.491, clatora giuvaerg;iului Pagano din Venefia B0O0 dr.rca{i.

I-a lrancher-ii Al]:ani, ciin acelaqi orag, avea cont deschis, caLe era rare-
or:l crerlitor. Aga cd cu toate rreniturile 1or, Gonzagii cle la N4antor:a
erau deseoli nevoiti sd-qi amaneteze giuvaereLe gi aigintiiria. Lucrn
cflle nu se iniimpla numai lor, ci mai tuturor marilor seniori italieni

658

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'rarla rrre3gugr rS
!"rJallJupc[ salE rpifi a]arrplup eol{aurasp ad np}nulnldurl 'ezroJs pupt{
ptrLlBIB olus roi{os p1.{pJnJ r$ .rep 'er.rplur6re tS aclurnrs alorgatct ieiunu nu
Pzpolauprue '1ua6.rD,p c|[nDI a6;nue4 Tnl plEoq op Apulocl 3rrrsoA ',Lrprl
-op-ui-L.I:oldniJrnpxospprglr^lloe\ielonIcdnriuelE.np1Jrsdp'rrerdu,rJrJalrcoIgllJB's1oOurIef/rc{0o10o.1l0.elerl0iuu0g\on0I0ppn.o0IrallzuirnoBn1(Jr1elaufiuooarcrnde1rip€rau$t1pnrlrsrbplnsRlbdz'oraEllrqaue:zoIloir:porJpAuounlralCpdpplTscJA{lorrIlrElUi.orrAlqtlJzilRnlnI,lSrli

Foasi.rd ini-a spus cd clorea sd vind la Sfintui Iacob din Galicia /San-
ttrrinaivigtidot. :Nclae{ifCisroeiempdpaeoraestaectliiltae/va.f,lfvivn{idusdteurr1iizlafirnruedmc, odcaresaezciunlmicl ar fi timpul cel mai po-

ali rdmine foarte mulfu-

cX spun astea in giurnf,
6i ca sd v[ anintesc acel blestem de rdtdcire (quella ma]edicione della
vagal:undarioJ pe care acel Senior din Casa d'Este l-a ldsat urmagilor
sbi,."' lvlarchiza nu s-a dus la Compostella, dar contele avea dreptate :
printre pasiunile Estensilor, aldturi de dragostea de culturd gi curiozi-
tatea neobositb, era gi dorui vegnic de cdl5torii. Rareori, 9i numai siliiS.
ele irnprejurdri, Isabella std locului. Avea de abia trei ani cind mamd-sa
l-eonora, ducesa cle Ferrara, o dusese Ia Napoli ca sd o arate tat5lui ei,
regele Ferrante. Mdritatd la Mantova, in tinerefe caut6 sd stea cit
rnai pufin in trista Reggia lacustrd, chiar cind gi-o impodobegte dupd
qustui ei. Cum Gonzagii posedau numeroase vjlJe in domeniul 1or,
elerge mereu de la una la alta. Lacul Garda nu e departe de Mantova
si marchiza adora peisajui acela paradisiac. Prima excursie o face
acolo impreund cu scumpa ei cumnat6, ducesa de Urbino. Arnindoud
e;:au tinere, voioase, $i cea mai strinsd prietenie le lega. ,,Aceste
.c-{oafmurnde n-eobraopsoitertapemaaprc5hgiziupluei Francesco un om al sdu, $tefano Sicco
cal : v5znrd cu mare plScere toate gr5-
dinile ; locuitorii se intreceau sd ie cinsteascd gi unui, numit Fermo
crlipiniiCea.ir,agvia-igginiocb, rvcrdoiclcealdgmrdidi iqniaroludiii.s,.5" fie jefuitd cle marchizd gi tova-
Cur!i1e de Ferrara, Mantova,
ia
hdilano, Bologna gi Urbino erau inrudite ; in fiecare, marchiza avea
{ldi.ieonnrtiinae{nasucduoelxmap*eagii-rreetvre6er.adgeefaaoa;rur-tdeepalerfeilqceitjuuporraiieiesi.eldndeiiin,cdeflridraetuor9fieeisoetdirvaaiutt6ddficelees-egd:iepdfeaamlpinirlgiieed,-
einiversdrile, cdsdtoriile.
In 1491, Lodovico Sforza, regentul ducatului de Milano, se cds6-
toregte cu Beatrice d'Este, sora mai micd a Isabellei. Marchiza asistS,
?a nuntd. Ca s5 apar5 in str5lucirea demnb de cetre doud case, Este gi
fronzaga, luni de zile inainte, agenNii ei din Ferrara, Venetia, Genova
Oi N{ilano cutreier5 prdvdliile bldnarilor, giuvaergiilor, m6tdsarilor, cdu-
tind tot ce era mai frumos, fdr5 sX se uite Ia pre|. DupX maqnlficele
serbxri ale nunfii, Isabeila avea sd revie de mai rnulte ori la N{ilano.

De Beatrice o lega o adincd afecfiune, iar intre Lodovico gi ea se
strinsese mare prietenie : Morul o admira gi avea cea mai mare incre-
dere in judecata ei s6ndtoasd, Era in anii fericiti dinaintea catastrofei
ile care ambifia nemdsuratd a ducelui avea sd o i;te, catastrold in
qlare avea sd piardd gi tronul gi averea gi libertatea. Ambele princi-
pese erau tinere, frumoase, vesele gi zglobii, iar curtea de la Milano
'te-oeranbmaradei ,sLtro5dluocvitic6odsitnrintsoetsenoirndujul rlutallileuii. Pe lingd floarea nobilimii

o sumd de umanigti gi de
poefi, artigti de tot felul, rnuzicanli, sculptori, pictori, gravori de me-
slalii. In mijiocul acestora, se inHila figura cea mai mare a timpului,
fl,*onardo da Vinci, pictor, sculptor, arhitect, inqiner civii gi militar,
frnveutator cle tot feh-il cle magini gi cuqetdtor profund pe dcasultra. 1e

{estronIeorLneqoinmaradtoemclaaticViainnc*i (1e4s5t2e-:u-1n51m9)a-re- piqior, sculptor, arhitect, medic, iniliner,
botanicd, fizio-
deschiz6tor de dmmuri in

660

r99
'{Ztt 'd '.tryc .do

a6eF'oa{Sport'1nie'naorl1sslgrzJ-ra.acraouiis1.dfleagor)plJgrri,rru,luJripIoIixrsaJoIrTsnpuluroioonsp1erp'nli'sioor:anaul r1rrudro1f,rl1u;audJlrerplgIlpnnl:orJDooaaJeplpss.pragu0ulle1ppa1:uu1ldsu;!doAglusp,ulJsDrnapelaslaIzOiBupaqsoJaDdgapUllpagOu1rgaaen1Todpp1oEdg1ur-1e!lrpfn,nuelrgrlsuillluSomealsrpd'lnglul11'.ecareP1aor.4Irrjrn;eJ'I6o..aJ3eeua1luBzrrlalr-ppln$I
1-udE-t4g-'\ro'n?ra4JnlliuluodrlDrliluouod.olelirurutl^l{rrln'unlolBrtgsoJ)p}{lbsolI1pea11euus0'dl3|Dglauoge7fopsenl0ans.eorr'[runpaDldeq:aaroiplurjDFflcerooe}ioua-wyrsar}glldnTaunIn:Eall!trnsBJpae,IopSVuoipilrreurln.lousSIrrgo,r)lulr.saibo:n]utd,eIl[l/uuulnnllarlninu^Slir3rflsBale.apralElF-asrpg'eIJoB.ruroprsolrIi.rIuJaauureIroIllnrsrrrpo1u1apllrlil1oueurfuBugeJlgrulIroz1lcslJ.ebuo1eas1eJdeqaouao5sucnudgnrl;uoalcn1Jup1suoo',f.o1InrerrpanIlnprugirseI'Jo1estSpco1roorqrarl;ereroslrrnerlronl-euaqslarlpllcae-lrnicsIrl1u.,1suolueuugchr.l1pcIr"0iafrnaeuznopu.gpIpdrnrl1Jgtn1deun1pglSlIoJneu'n:l.aleliarslnoa'e1ln1lJucit1l3birnlsaee1rnul1iarfdeliorgula'asslap^cnuece-palcnaparon"lo1an3rrld^cnBi"aqsoO;uJ.'apalleinsuuIrolupnlaloleo11r,uulursaalluuojIaallnoSuqpesrs1ocJarnood1e'-Ip,I1"eaneo,rI.alneiaaqsaIKzi1DupreincEsgouono1ii_aeo1ednddsll

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accao*--ae-E..rua+lrs1r?plT:.cs{l1{so3J/rtu.el\\sfl16tIroapr\orooripr-l.eilsa\l'n6rs1iell.apsLlarluAuo'Jdl;orpoiEpliJsosic'rlBou+-SrliBilinJrsJzejaauppnzalJrpJsorrSfqUedpEl,JlisrJ{J'EaBeJereooeJlulTzeeJr'sJCatra,lbDrro,oJ^rz''eoll'c'glSnirl-Lzlone'n5rpCzRreuesBlallJJrSoasIJrI-eprSrupnldtrerros^iiJuear{BlsooErqlalIlprJLlgloalutosdrDulupIrIqernJrrBpagopEpSsllolertlIslrsl1,lJua'llroajatenl3pJqJ',drcl,eslelgploplnupsorIozIs,r}JeI1qorulzppnlJoooosBprllo1aIz.e6"stosr{drlu1urlolqfe'rrlrlpeIJpEpolo/elert!r€uleslorsocusi6BeuBunsnoonirfoprdsrlilSlsllrJcJar}ooreIliInIJnopneJrqJ,Jaxrd.lriourrnongusnrparldIeJu1lJsBloooI1ruteaISuiup6rssJIIrJ-erIppIrnAaJa1nIrp^lrEprSlos}psororntRllou}aIlop,aodoUI1J.sl3rcroizcoJctonailooBfnnJd.rJ"aRt1iucse}zuBl,J1SszlJldecJBee.lBEill^r_oedi,clroI'ruJf3r,uaidBoodqurInIrAnEl.pu}ArsrospIopBuNgEAu1s1sir
B-ui&roloaIJrrrloocirosqniosoEJllrrs{J.'Il-n..rap-ooprolzreroilu3rrrrouolro,'-e\daru'regarepqspreaopcll"riJlleprsn,loeLslroJeurorolrrriJ]r:J,piasduurdaeegrlpsru{noe,e6elsrnrra}elsrniT1nroo1ufq6toiacsueso.l-{paenfli,srEapleJpJpJgqrezrl,los1inlqserrr6{ao,o,oooqi1Rcreetpsr1a1Jrietpepreo11p}oupJulIilIriABRlEdotsoupeslaororozTas

qi ducele e silit sd fugb spre aliatul s[u, impdratul Maximilian, se in-
cu ajutoare din Tirol, ipi rperciuncsergeiqdteussjcnaucnaulp, t.ivdiatar tpeenintruFrpaunJfain.
toarce repetie e cleiinitiv infrint, Marchiztil Francesco avu-
6ltienriemttenpirnivuitdmdaei afrvae:arceinzi'
timp :
I-udovic XII rhmdsese stfipin pe Lombardia.
ses€ o politici nu se poate mai povffitoare

credere intr-insul. Marchiza Isabella fusese
ccainsdfovrzoeusrcfvi,ocrebei aclceepeorlaitiicnareIsaalibtaetleie. i,Csuoafibi iriietduf;iilsee1rioir,sc5uimntrveomclivnedneoau
iu glra{iile regelui francez. in 1507, Ludorric XII certlse marchizului s5-l
asj€r-rtpeuirataspeotrorliitreejeaStttenegii rirzvrbtiri a Genorrei. Ca de obicei, Francesco
dupd llarea cetirfii liqure intrase
in triumf,
altituri cle regele Franfei, ln Milano. Luclot'ic dorea s5 cunoascd per;
slaon\a{ilLpaenomcaar;hoizaaspIestaebaelllalu, id.eSspirrbedtcoarr-eittai uozdisineioaatritSeain: o inr'ltd sil vind
acelagi palat iie
Lorlorrico Sforza $i Beatrice, Isabella e s6rbdtorit[ acum de inrringd-
torul cumnatului ei. Dar rnorfii trec repede 9i oamenilor Renaqterii nu
le pidcea sd zbltoveascir asupra an'rintirilor dureroase ; pleferau sd lrd-
la.scd in prezent. N4archiza e mdgulitd cie primirea 9i atentiile curteni-
toare ale regelui, care-i iese intru intimpinare in capul scSrii, o pof-
teste ia toate dirrertismentele regale ;i o opregte la masa 1ui. Regele
rianseazd cr1 marchiza de Mantova la balul din castelul sforzesc' Cro-
ericarul 1ui Ludorric XII, cdlugdrul Jean d'Auton, povestind serbirile f
de 1a N{i}ano, nlme;te pe marchizd une
belle clame gui danse it tner- I

\/eiJJe. Succesul ei era pretutindeni desSr'ir;it. N{dqulirea gi mu}fumirea
matchizei transpirii clin lunga scrisoare ce trimite cumnatei sale clucesa
cie Urbino, scrisoare plind de ver\.d pi de spirit, in care po\resteite tot
ccloelebfildiuicmcurseueari6fidravindnzcnaesczeedalscatadcrueerptienisastoomfldisil.aeEn.erpazeudreaclgereefgaienfdlulitaaFtulriaann,clioelia.sAuMfmldildamndooe
sumX

toaiii
prin-

cipi italieni, tofi ambasadorii puterilor, ca $i fioarea societAtrii lombarde.
Printre gentilomii milanezi, Isabeiia intilneqte atifia care fuseserti ami-
cii qi slujitorii lui Sforza I

,,Daci curtea c1e la Roma este emsitueunnauldm-ai scrie umiamrcithoiazare-;i prin cetcmo-
nialul li ordilea ei, curtea Franfei pufin
extraordinard

priu z6piceala Ei dezordine'a ei, in ei;a chip incit tri-c cu'neputinld sd deost-bcqti
ul.r om cle aitul. E de notat insd libertatea s;i lipsa ei dc forme. iD acea:td curte,
de pilcld, cardinalii nu sunt tratali cu nrai multd cinste decit capeianii ]a Roma.
Nimeli nu le lasd iocul, nici nu le arat5 respect, de 1a rege in jos. Regelc ins.i e

totdcaurra foartc curtenitor cu tjricinc se apropiu de el si inai ales cu damele:
st s{r.)alir pururea cier pc je1!;i le salut6 ridicindu-;i bereta."

Isabella a avut numeroase intrerrederi cu regele. Deqi citea fran-
{uze;te, se vede cA nu putea vorbi cttrgdtor, cdci miirturiseqte c; llla'
donna Nfargherita cli San Severino, ori contesa di Musocco, ori prin-
ci1rcsa de Bisignano ser\ieau ca intetprete. in seara ciitd a clansat cu
lnarchiza, regele a silit pe cardinalii cie Narbona, San Serrerino, Fer-
vara 5i Finale, prezenli la banchet, sd danseze Si ei ,,spre marea noas-
trd desftiiare ;i rzeselie." Buna marchizd nlr contenepte cu amhnunte
asupra splendorilor cle la Milano. Cit ar fi dorit ca qi Elisabetta sE fie
cu ea, ca s5-i impiirtSgeascd fericirea. ,,Srint sigur6 cA ntl poate fi

662

r99

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Sforza reluX calea exilului.

II

La Ferrara, la nunta Lucreziei Borgia

[piiaztirnice;u',cmilnadeFrefarrarnatearlateu, rsaa6tlu,it,ciAanllfaovtnroesrmioil,eesaecc.e.silneudimptreadiitardouensupele.EIrslsnatelbinieslelialio, rlc.eit^Ifya9ci1emj0i2qru,i
marchiza face onorurile casei la cdsdtoria acestuia cu Lucrezia Bor-
gia. Era un eveniment privit nu fdra aprehensiune q9.lStreaga familie'
piigbnnreieclotllcaeuinsi]dnseivatseposCaofoovinrferu.roseli.diegioigIgtsttrieaaoc.b]zheDaisllulndaFcitceeoesrrprraifaariidrndaze.iesiUncSrirfpcibisdlieoniennroiftdoucoireldmrqitelrieaseitedcsceionodrfaerueeimnlssteoepeinaorrbindi_lmddomrer,iailrneseftes,lrdeareiaenMlraie]gaazmGneRtua,obtoIivcmsbauaiao:-l
idvieindqemcseicniretieemleaamniodsbntriuldenlluloictrintdeuapmnrueinm.cSaipieedsienectiomarlupellat9ismiedpisuvdelurtisise;mpaerdniuvtenirleiele,ladtuautrnumrlooarci eatrlraeeusi
aiintite asupra dloisrtiSnsi dfiegciamreajiuedleecgaandtdu.pl{nguscsrtuislosrdileu care era cea mai
frumoasS, mai
ei' Isabella trece
asupra Lucreziei : a,,ltNducvoroeispdoensdcerinetdinafdltuigiaGreoanzmagaad,omnnarecihLizua-
repede e frumoase' dar dulce fi pld-
crezia, cdci o cunogti." O
pdreec$iisfal r:e,,iMnirjeuarsual nu multe doamne, Ei printre ele
de Cotrone, e mai
ei
cutd la infdlilare ;
pe ilustra madonna ducesa de Urbino, care e foarte frumoasd 5i demna
sord a Excelenlei Voastre, totuqi ilustra mea stdpind /marchiza trsa-
beila/ a fost proclamatd atit de ai nogtri cit 9i de cei ce veniserd cu
firnutmraoreaas5l;aalguamciEnadatocdrfemloirre!asNauapr ofai tperefvi dnziucti
Ducesa, cu mult cea mai
acest lucru pi-ar
fi fdcut
o indoiald la mijioc, oclatf, ce toate celelaite sunt nimic aldturi de
stdpina mea !" De aceeagi pdrere e gi secretarul marchizului Capiiupo,
prezent qi eI la nunta ferrarezd. Acesta raporteaze o vizitd fdcutfl de
ambasadorii venefieni celor trei principese care se aflau lmpreu-n5.
In primul rind, oratorii se adresard marchizei aducindu-i omagiile Se-
nioriei venefiene. Marchiza rdspunse ,,punct cu punct, cu atita ele-

664

999

e--Jrn.an-oRl-urrso0oolocrNAprln1qesAuafn-a6solaaraa'lIspaeI!laarCuupcnoIuadrrlp1u"urprsSoEoIrqana'JlRBlebapJabrJBrzrIJooraqlJoeeraIpiolpauuaohoslararlesrlupBlrIlorsouaar1eaJruo'ualtuopSnaurp1IJrtJuarlJ1ru.nalpp1BrIJlludoJasdB3lpnereu1uaergraIJeTlnqe3ro-si:aaur1leolna1oJrlr1Bl,6re6oqlaJt-$IorpcIIrlrISaoo;garuuquppuroJdqBnBpluula-CupdJAqurI'a6rasJuaonorriIBlpalpSeqaudeulIl'cnBlpcoelrouI-anlJsSll1np'Selccolc1utfrpppoerpro1acploJE1rAIg3srrorE;cInlR,'ylporJuenBuprrInlrcnJrlurrllBBseSrrlppqurcur'ale1pInoadunsr1rrrcaJsradrsleeaB-auro1sJuBodr1rnradrcapgBl€egru1lasoidzJ11aEflasanruadepllqBRJpserI5lpusJIounrsrWofnsuraIuJrrnpngduys,r-p"ropl,sneoru..uapp1dJlrrc.ulJderlr*ocguapuala{rppguprnpr1ldrfrIurr1oaorlaudeu[lrladsanulrJESr1erood.ausrAea$eStqaans,p:6pao,gppelrrana1uaqutpRgrrllInauzrrpoeBsIrordlIae1aruuruuru,dususcsrtrIl:r

aJpJ o R+IZI^ erulJd 'rolloqesl 1e arfcalrpard ap 1n$ero era erfaue4
efuu.rg ul 'Bluarold ul selleuaA e[ II.rolFIF3

III

-pp'ap€arp-n-'e--uARLpednssn-luJspIadrqupr'p'ilorlEs6srB_uroaaqruppgppo'euco1r^6JsqRclrodlinrlIcuIsopInl^SoJluRaBoWa'luqlc+eecIzJelnIuepoufzlru-l-efnrsars[oaeleuq,pqfaea,raldrJe1olaidsoogpurs3'lBtlaeunrlaaeallpue'sBuaJplprergozcnilu1olrrdJutalxelrap'lrsrupa'rdgtra'eclcl1Buts1BIuJl"s,pEleRnleolrJnJrJlaaTz'ocrdl1sarla1s1ncalnto3Jpzzplatr;1la-loap€allarepr^rRrnunprloIlrurenzBl-ltaaeracBaornlpuelaolprtail-rEuolrenufBnnrcrEasorp;auaaoBp,aBlrzJJaolrsSpud.rraaallualprJqreqrSrJJs:rJrqqoarfnJJIBelf,roJna,roru.,sJnpanaeDu.eArpeg.dldrlrrcpJopl$nbBruS.atsc,orDrconeenqlsln,ospapcnaaS,unolagsuuJcs-tluJualeuuuDerIezunr3rlploBo,JqrrerieJ1uuuD;pr,ilrR1lpinsprrEregru,glr]yprrl-qJuIr-plnl;rogpudsnr,nruJEapllrgrBauI,luepoatdosne{zr:lllp1qButq,yualIpppo'g.aoInpqaprJr,runJ.qruzczne-p.p.pIeal.r/r.aapJraznanJ,.pepprOrsapJ"oa:ulJ,:Jolsaraalra^slpnraeneuur1pdor.1zoulrerefpeppeneuefolrepaholld.fpoqa1lrpuio,lJrlsriepespri,dinsaprial,rprc1a,lraredrddgarspunlJa11uprur6slcuensu1e6laeaprru"aardeulorprpsrln1iajppeo11gu,psIiJzl1drrpJpq1il"1prueesn,aIloeBualraIpiuo_rqu1qed]adsisr;rrj
'locelrads e1
rolalazuop oslzralu! ellaqesi IaJIIBaC 'llroluas rS rrropeseq
olslse ps Ia
ap g'1rn1pebcnneqpeBarSurrSunrrsasrlcd;snd'psleaqporpdJerJ'raIpraJropcal rlESJeaaadce'nauprssansa3sun1l
-ure rfol
rS
ezrqJrpru
''un[u uI ase]uozardar as aJ prpouroJ op lp]snbzep e r'Adn'glrdeer3oslnrS]llseurforJs
,,'llnsundsg.t JoI olaluapnrd EI nrJnl aJpr[ osnBpe nu
"pe.IrcneDllnfelIenqsl:ogc'qpnuplullnnerufuorlsprurauslrae3nnoJu1uloeJ'a1pl4JuiaBotuplonIfnarrlBDnzsBraqsJISurpnodrpusRaplJpRJBtrlrolasEqrpBzJsollr'gocunIlSlqer:ugoupaoleppqIoaopcsl
-af,np lode presarpe as rruar{auen',,I1o} ad..Iqor r-pJ e$e'rrrnJqos oraJ
-atr Ib as Jllnl aq) ,our uI op,IaJ
.ed. arlurln ep nldurn llJul '-roleRrIoBJ lJeqrp llot ed 1e3ce'gr fluroeppensrduq1u$reg1lu-reSbrz

lpru IaJ

rioasd gi f5r5 seamdn pe lume, e destul pentru mine sfhi o fi vdzut
Avea sd-$i schimbe pdrerea cind nu va mai
o dat5." obosit6 de
ceremonii... Are totugi vremea sE viziteze palatui Dogilor, dirrerse bi-
serici ilustre pi sE admire pictura
meqterilor venefieni. Atunci ii veni
ideea s5 cearh ceva pentrLr cametini iui Giovanni Be11ini.
Isabella revine ia Venefia in 1502 ; de data asta incognita qi inso-
{ith de scumpa ei clucesd cle Urbino. Le insofea protonotarul Sigis-
sgmoiosfniriddeoaelpuGrioinsnceziacpgreeastea(lrvoiCri.toaDprouiigluepcleia.rlCdeinutartil)mo, tiEieinrncpiotaigatrnuPitioga,e, nirnntitairoermcghiiozsardadg}eeulsCaaolfultdrtoencqelei
dcpiiiprt:reedsrseienledpsaierautpraii.imSDabdniioNirnddiangrcosond,dstoieldsue$rcai drpa€tienjoteCsz,aacmnlerpuallanSilR,finaiatdultrlonuiirpdMrisanprclMeune.drpicdreeinrlei-i
ciulbidFirrianacleesocroapaurdintii.nDducpudmobpiceetrieucl uesi,einzirf-ireac.a,,rMe usle{uamr5e, sIscabEexcllaelesncfreiai
Voastre cd mi-a dat voie sd vin aici ; niti bucur cle Venefia mai mtilt

ca rindul trecut pi oraEul mi se pare rnult mai frurnos. I)ucesa milrtu-
risegte cd e mai rninunat ca Roma, e uimit& la fiecare pas gi nu r:iai
pcate de admirafie." Nobiiii venefieni le aratii toate frumuse{ile
qultti 1or, ora-
principesele viziteazd principalele sauctuare. Caterina Cor-
naro, reqina Ciprului, le invitd in palatul ei de la Nfurano. O adev5-
ratal escapad5, piimbarea aceasta, in libertate qi cu enir-rziasmul tine-
re{ii peniru lucrurile frumoase. ,,Tinind s.eamd de felul cum fdcurdm
cdliitoria aceasta, Excelenta voastrd ne va prirri ca pe cele mai rriteze
fernei din cite umb16 prin lume."
Isabella nu revine decit dupd 2l ani ia Venelia. lnsolitd de fratele
siru, ducele Alfonso, a$ciupmuvfi5ndiucvugrtieen1i,cape;tirerncaurrctihizzaile, dlee
classare Castiglione contele Bal-

anui 1523 in cetatea In6lf6rii din
lagunelor, In drum, marchiza se oprise la Padova
dccdheaaer2ss0iadnnmsageaasiieln-bceahnfSliiinreieniini1ofiar-aiiacSteraaismnftltboiosr.pad,gr,iiA,nnslotaodcmrzudbiiinan-dsualidnnSooretCuenalai'ozBmdraiaerMnbi.ta"oarvrNoianinicaSicaSiuin.nnbSuddtloetr,cfianipinnaeocm;zdia1uu5ran--
tori nu mai era tin6r. Marchiza pdstra insd vioiciunea tiuerelii gi dorul

c1e a vedea toate. Castiqlione, scriincl marchizului Federico, fiul Isa-
be1lei, se declard occupatissimo trebuind si lnsofeascS pe neobosita
principesd in toate plimbdrile ei r.eneliene. Amatoare cle picturX, avea
rlrnite de rrdzttt, in bisericeie qi palatele r.enelier:e. De la cei cloi Bel-
lini, care str5luceau in timpul primei cildtorii, aili rnegteri daseiS op€re

nepieritoare : un Carpaccio, un Giorgione qi cei mai mare dintre toti,
pe atunci incd tindr, Tiziano Vecellio, cu care rnarchiza fdcu cunog-
tintd, Vroise chiar sd cumpere rin Sfint Ieronim ai iric'toruiui, dar se
vede c5 mijloacele nu-i permiteau acest lux. Tabloul a fost curnpdrat
mai tirziu cle fiul ei Federico.

AndirseaabeNtalava9gi eCroa,stbigibliloionteecaavreualtllvb{aurnciiapnreiei,telini la \ienelia. tJrranistul
excursiiie
insofegte in
lor artistice. Asisttl atunci ilusira companie gi ia un mare evenirrent
venelian : alegerea noului cloqe Andrea Gritli, succesorul bdtrlnului
Antonio Qrimani. Castiglione 9i Alfonso d'Este profitti cle prilej ca sd
aib.ii discutii poiitice cu noul ales.

666

t'99

,,'pjos pulrnJ reru a-rBtt

l arlspo1 ralliolof,xg prrpur also pruBpphl pJ epparJ pS orrrA ol nrr i:.J
ean-sr1lrpgullssdrqprsu/oa'neruJzpsle-spJrraJuolsrqIlaa[larlrIirdleulrp1raepruoSJaprBleaIlSparsreInppI;Iol4qBdrJuIaorn:JijrJrjas]ragptarlcpsran^rapuduarpprnsrnpidaasapJdssaapurp.lut1aJnr6pll,Ia,enps:JllninnRtaluo/ls^pndp{oJol.lpourarlrIpnrpnps]JJaBroIolplrSllararvuuuulr.a]pplLlnlpru1rrpu3arurl1l+rrprtL{rerjilc-n]}!.1ssli
prlsnlr rLrepur+nlald pra r)+prrurllp ap
-arJ plr rrrrrp^or3 'lnepac[ ur{nd teur llJ of,rJapoc Inlnlpul] elros ,euo.-.r
,Jo+rlosrrl llp
rrl-} .LUDII\DD uias,uau
-oq-rDr^J ur airolp1pJ plspoJp 'usrlnepecl llnur nl rS ol3aurlei acl ,1r1sa.r
-ocl e 'pzlrlJJprr ad eofosur aleJ 'p1olrnbg orre1.rl Inlsrupllln .rroLlbr,\-i"j
tS sa1rr7 e1 a.rr-rclo nr 'uo,t1 e1 gulcl Inuoqu arqpro) rr] rtls ,u1_rotsa
Ip-nrJ]pEirhnuIlJopTTl oEapScpe'lplrrfrloressrJnllptlot'ur+{{ng:e6ourJgrs1ou,JoruupErnprdpAaar-nJa1}auelrSEeeSrroseno1nlpr,eupupasa1upel pIn6arplIue4o{lucpr_lrrre,oitrprr^nduurIol,me}Lrtlajrjsslr
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e1 lenrralad un as1'.rrie1d 'eruedg uJ piJp as auor1611spJ prrlJ ocl ,nrr.ri:
Ipui urnJ +EJOrr rlrv 'eror{oaT oJrrJ pl raurro}lp},r{ pln,)-j;
efurnpg6eJ urseaulldrul IS-Rs pJ ro raurr.rd earal3eu ,o1aro1 e1 irclo as
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pz[iJ"rpul auo]pT]?J E:]spai]E pa]nrp 1r1sa,rod auilnrrrn- nrpu]rlaaqrrErusprlpI ro prltit].r:s-

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as aprrn 'ourq;n ards lnurnrp u-r 'V6Vl Lr! ,eSr7 .arc1a1er alarpnlJup's
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aararpJlJpapol{srlJlaauuCai le/rler;rrcluelalgr'rlrrSruoorlueprdrnRoaSpsro{aIsptnlld+]irJ'rraaacplpl ragzlsrsraensaunur]rrnvnf uIlBnpuuileTpqlusposraol lsJ'erufIunaaIleronplllgJrllrJep1s,gtL]rfl
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ppa-'e1azppfrauurpeleJJ[r1Jlegnrelbdrr1[ou3a'lrlpr]elp1llrpuouurIJeAI pd+'graaopl+leoprrlrul$lzprerelllearprfrfuqual1pnrurrqsfaglali1nn-11r$1u1peniIa,1r'1afluar1ueSpl^JIloanleur-lrarrana]B-e)pr:nztJrlTqaprnJcAllllaearplunl*rlilaona'lr-]sJr:aoar-nlrgrIolpourlcJirroJtrrneduo1-pIrdndnnpoueuiaerspstrsrrp-iuLl].Jrcrn-erl"Loa_i-sSXs

IV

Isabella la Roma

Dorinfa cea rnai lnare a Isabellei era sd vadd Roma. Cite plai.rriri.
nu fdcuse cu ducesa cle Urbino sd meargd impreund in Cetatea eternir*
Marchiza fusese mereu impiedicatS, fie de maternit6|i, fie de erieni-'
mente ; Elisabetta se dusese singurd qi scrisoriie ei romane ii afi{au ;i
mai mult dorinta cdldtoriei supreme. ln sfirpit, in octombrie 1514, Isa-
bel1a i;i vdzu visul cu ochii, Papa Leon X era de putin timp urcat pe
tronul pontifical. Marchiza il cunoscuse in vremea exilului, pe cind.
era cardinalul Giovanni de' Medici: acum, cind umblau zvonnri rele
cu privire la intenfiile papei irnpotriva ducilor de Ferrara 9i Urbino,
unui frate, celdlalt ginere, avea nevoie sd reinnoiascd relatiile qi sir-l
cigtige de partea ei. in juml lui Leon X erau nuunmpaiieptrroietBeenmi aboi ,Isuan-
un Giuliano
bellei : de' Medici, fratele papei,
Bibbiena, un Sadoleto ; toli
Roma. Leon X se ardta nu dsoerepaouate9imstadirubiianuevcoaitomra:rcfhaifzda sd rzin6 tra
de trimisul.
mantorran, Equicola, numea pe marchizd ,,curndtra mea" gi spunea cd

nu face nici o deosebire intre ea Ei propria lui sor6 ; numdi c5 mar-
chiza ,,meritd mai multd reverentd". isabella fu primitd cu mare cinste
daevupatop5t,cdeepcnaterdainfai lim9aii daeletsotinpoapcoeraulvrreommean:. Ca cjceronj in Roma
Bembo qi Bibbiena, 20
Castiglione Si Sadoleto, unanistu] Inghirami gi pictorul Rafael. ln
aselnenea tovdr5gie admird monumentele antice gi vdzu, atunci in toaii
prosp6tatea 1or, marile opere ale Renagterii care fac Roma unicE pe
lume. Banchete Si cine Ia Vatican, recepfii in vila lui Agostino ChiEi,
de curind impodobitd cu frescele lui Rafael, giostre gi spectacole. Ronra
medicee era atunci la apogeul splendorii. fin cinstea marchizei
prezintd in \ratican comedia cardinalului Bibbiena, Calandria, se re-
jucat[
int.iia oard, cu utl an inainte, la Urbino, sub direcfia lui Castiglione.
$ederea ia Roma fu intreruptf, de o cdldtorie la Napoli, unde Isa-
bella nu mai fusese din copildrie. Revdzu astfel locul unde domniserd
rudele ei materne : tatdl mare, unchiul, vdrul, Din tot neamul Arago:
nvailrodr-snauIsmaealilag,dvsdid-uvatonfei ncoeriolacliftiulfuiiindGiamnoGrtialseaauzzionSefoxrilza-, decit pe
de Milano : tr6ia retras6, singur5 cu unica ei fiicX Bona. fost duce

Curtea romand se impacienta de lipsa marchizei. Din ordinul papei,,

Bembo scrise o caidd scrisoare marchizului Francesco, care tinJea bol-
nav la l\4antova, rugindu-l sd permitd marchizei a petrece apropiatul
carnaval la Roma. Gonzaga nu putea refuza pe pontifice.
bella vdzu $i astfel Isa-
gi carnavalul roman. Bembo in scrisorile lui afirmS cd cel
din acel an a fost strdlucit gratie prezentei marchizei. Toatd Roma igi
da searna ce insemna prezenfa unei femei distinse lntr-o curte ca cea

pontificalS. ,,Ceea ce lipsegte aci, scria cardinalul Bibbiena lui Giu-

liano de' Medici, care se dusese in Franfa sd se cdsdtoreasc5 cu o prin-
cipesd din casa de Savoia, este numai o madonna care sd tind curte."

20 Bernctrdo Dovizi Bibbiena (147O-1520), cardinal :;i literat, a tradus dirr cpeta
lui Picut gi tr-a imitat ln comedia Calondrlo (1510).

668

699

;izlanI"'aln'aar-uclll{poIuuo:u13EJjJ3lfJJpJ"aJ[egrrJBlrlyrpnnnurclrrrlnrloouJar"eal1prnsdcsroEaair.zaIrrrIorqaleAeplc_ulrielBlnullueualcnio1plorsr.1p{Iuol}useoluaBRJ11nllru3/1ue'oE'1jr.nnppoeccrIu1rIJstSoercipqIcde$nEuteeouies:1oIBlIrag6aprJInou6,el}uBlnE.sIrJoruoiBraurr.uzrruprnltnqrrpc'IelJprnrip-I,,edni,irBri'i,tu"aoprl'fslfzBlia,sorr"sqtqzq-olious,q+rioosre-g?sgrudu,"lpnnoJrl1qbprp$,"Beun,f1o;anaji1ii"rCu1"ilipuqllnri.o;rl..S#n;1rd;i

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-sllrE Io e11un1sed ap alln ps BaJpJ o nu rolrlndurrl ealeislrl'rlgrlrp rs

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en-urpBdssWIneprlaaIllecBlrIJRnusp:lepqBrJguaroreirsresqoqnBrl;ugs$'u1IIenBoIeIJBapsrluoJetgJIsduaeprg$rduceglu,'a:pri1gesfrulolnasE[quseprBpselIlulqa1ppq1aoer'eoCspJl r.aegeqcoIgrrllurIug!aoBrnp]orcer1au1gorurneu,sa!rudpgcnusiorepg+4],-.

cu fdgdduiala cii-l va face carclinal la.prima prontotiune' l"farchiza n:t
se mirlluneEte cu llorbele, chiar agteaptd sd rracld faptri'
scrise, 9i

-itlsmao"a'v"rc-rLatllioljrnr^drbiput;i,ainitrmotainaedneautrcoeoevfasiican,lucE-ruFelirrsceaaanbrmceeeutitsmalct,polnicrGrautSmiomgnnizsaaaertaegba:Eulsciacuprri'iniieailceteempncauaartuc9ehli inilzuceueiclaau1z5imn2Fr6aeileirsl'esecArsuimtcimnoglplJatil-ta--'

5 ianuarie 1526:

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acird-;ravt<imaleplriuapirsesi,ompaliurntleaticDsluciiclneerlaucrei,ilvccirdntucai|iia;lvtlcietorbenigdnuecsa(rsclteeaatlucstltasccuuiocmipoaicirtucbniliosrcssluecnuttosinretauCrneltot;)mi. Meprsiu-lajtcleamnlnfadei' nsaptruti-s

tincl cea mai rnate buniivoinfa noroadelor'"

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prizonier al lui pe ambasaclorul venefian Venier, cerind ca rdscumpd-

rare 10 000 ducaii. Numai Ferrante nu lud nici un ban, Iucru pe care-l
confirmd gi Sanudo.

Don Ferrante era grdbit s5 scoatS pe marchizS din iadul acela.

,sRvtcILoaaiiaaetadavM1tsoved3pernaiacM,mnncnaiaaathi,oonii,aalvOtiolp.ials.voiDtapiioaiepitncas;rara5iieniacepdcosntFedidlioea,mo,rusirimpoiaimscserpAeabrdaueabulssnirupcccnndddpadaetls,pucmcbcaeurduraiesnrrcacocameihrviRaiipelzderoeldeeimnlfupolleuuciciie,uivorForiiAlust,eeneclrtaolrduPalcrsneonemei,taecasaqa,uDijiutFbpaocnerserbsiidtaiuenreont,prrfPd_iaeinceeieonRssastarofccmurimrooaEbCreati5$idti--,'ii
decit un cadavru, a,,s1unllaradecvSdrru,ianuplicngrutiontai
Roma nu mai era acum din Rotterdam : 21
umaniStii. Vorba
lui Erasm
a.rnei cetdfi, ci a unei intregi lumi."

V

Ultimele cilitorii

i1."itXJiii"o"iiiiaoa'-tIaru"uI,n"piti:Duniois9i"g"eu,uiAmi-m"rpi'bst"iaiidtiizedoirisizeer,rindiraaridgu"itsstaoeuoir5taper-acr.pdrdigevgrclohriilaeelntpitecariEeioveaeiptisarsa-zesetuddetde,blodfuPli,mfmiaeuainraiic_naunrclbarlEic-lutentoirrpadtbRctdaeeeoiiorsenn,selImietamaA,uMcalfcipufM,srasouaarenoIontnstRtefidsacioicaaeeoebivpunn'zeaeelrmeadul.onliea,aaitoui,rnogdruFn9aadefrci.n1afamFlpouo5o-nerriccr2!uacc^aea8nadiigsds,rc,laucemaeduclb,uiIavreFge.cifiltlcierzrelidaaV'cariilntrearb9eascpisirddldlueauatrueps,di[lvRrtuCauiLFimeian9uteffVe^d1dodriarrec.reo'affsimundnvrctecat2rieXXc9du-,2i'

,c;'oiie;;r;l,oe;;r;;br;u?r,urrbEiu--uriimci;ie.t'sa."mj.niei;iisx'"(.ttilianotnilsaiieiRntriceoidlletiti1zen'.fStclrOaaeonuOcnrut-to1en-5romi0isp5cpc,ouslretaeaslucni<liaceidiocnipioiniumntbsiuenellmisccipouoitotliuirtlateGanXeidiPrXehasafrsrgiidicsd-ucGsoaretees,tcc,hpucad,olr,ercpmlgtlrsreei{mern(el1etea4ledr6siei7t,eu-1sildno.ei?tciiul?tuour6frili")aud,.tnid9ni.i
literaiura EuroPei",

rpa,giiieiiiiivzr,Z,ur.-i.ae1r,liiiictr,aslSir-retIertm'n..ltitai"ciovnai"r,Arg,ii,Et,''ep"oivcln"doousli;ueagcirl;ngrtioir1u.uifatilAiallitno,Uas(ri=ctoamciuucs,gs,laa.lLiieu"cdnaiiugetn6i-uisio,dl-simid-sioriaaneiudllo.i,6blto)LugirlrtiidemNmtot(ei,eeibea1babxciItiiabiugot";iununnmainlizuasleieuultuiaininnrngri,itsldSieeae'epfegrlu,iuiqgibise1aabieuclollivcsirbcspiudietecaoirlcaraitsiaceIsNitieatei,n')oel,udccupdg1acellneed5urocerc1rair.ui1iucitTa'l,ilpuna€dE.ti-7ujd.iesransoeMtI.ausanvpmdCmrve:inieae1oenddo5nnliso-1ttjt;,{tna6iciiort,jsvoeeRsgtira-liaeca;roroghbmtpseAtiiimelmduiiupltbdb-gesd.dol&udpicumiasrinaifprntuliietdttn.sReesuaiecrlraooitseuiaitnle.r---i
tenJ2rdruc.tIeeiaanniluuCnpdotaalmvpienront(tea1sl5St0a9na-t1rit5iuo6rt4uc)r,oonnrtdrsascccruiaettrolilldiocrisNm"ciuiyuicuni'otitne
de puterea eclucativi a culturii.
Franfa, jurist rle rnare cias;i
pi celebru om a republicanizat Biserica qi a
nrirji, El este, ai ReJormei, adincit doclrinct predcsfr-
in realita_te, dictatorui republicil teocratice creatd la Geneva
armt'r teoretici Ei practici a burgheziei clin Apusui european in 15.11,
indreptatd
feudalitdXii 0i romano-catoiicisrnului. Friedrich Engels observd c.1 acolo unde corrtra

a fost
lnvins }foriin Luther a biruit Jean Calvin, intrucit dcgmele calvinismului corespun-

672

tr9 $t rlsoo 6@f ep-3
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rico Gonzac;a clttce cle Nfantorta.

IV
POLITICA ISABELLEI D'ESTE

:l;rfpnn;tieitiior1uirnianlijuuirotnreriNIati1pciieiasec"teecetpliotlr-psacze,alrurpui'c,ll,etitnltitanctriaeniiilrlrtiloaieenroer-arccS:rrnniteta,eiiSctrcllsill,ulenudaearriviziuuesplieifmnibcplrrrientaliioieitvctcnnociruairlaeeaniinrils,cretotsaelXtLctatttrptn.lsVa,ctduecncClIi1editan-eailnsisdetctotaotlsaaioidnabttotaesePtccitnietleeeieanlUraepnlicaiceanaadaviarnams'cfEtutreSedeusanlratemtormadeccedleoihagdnopsiicilzum,noiaannumrlpnuietlcstuiriaaintoofcioeiidmrt.aRsFeqsertTrpcuieeeratritebun,indocnicaiiaadiertnes;rlrlqamtfsaieeeditrlcreectaraiorii,oiiir,sEnltclaauaiiaapmatduclerptoueetprtmoirsaoeetueiaXaialslcdonuclVeeieaar,ti
mami a lui Feclerico, in mai multe rinduri, sub domnia amindurora,
ca regentii a statultti, sfdtuiascd atit pe, sof cit 9i
avu sd pe fiu, s6-Si
pspdusntrira' i:ciuarprilnot4upl eqii1siiinitnretegrimvinediuinarchhiviepieacGtiovn.zVagaastad.inei-Mcaonretospvoan,colegnl|in.I,-
clegte 11 numai reialiile ei literare gi artisiice ori familiale qi arnicale,
clar e ;i rnarlora intensei ei activitStri politice. Fapt este cir intr-o vleme
cir-rcl ironttrile i|aliene se prilbupeari unele clupd alteie, cincl de
la Nfi-
lano la Napoli clinastiile gi staipinirile se schimbau de mai multe ori
in pglini api, ori ciispirreau ca sd nu mai revin5, ntarchizalul de Mal-
tor.a riimase necLintit prin rriltorile cele mai aprige 9i ieqi in cele ciin

674

919

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aric Isabeliei,

arN:roamrptaaPotneelitleocprionrgifdnei riutdgenoi m]pupreeiongFsiiutrtaelimnamcpeaeosnxrctptooaevndGationtilna,aziaicitgauaplriart:oenpc.due,Mnrrleaneargdceuhcl-eidizpulFiiblt,rdaefnnriaiifaneitdgrefe5cnaceeuturrsenaecls5iipm'rinea-
slujba Venefiei, refuzase. fin citeva sdptdmini, Carol VIII strdbdtuse
toatd peninsula, toate dominatiiie prxbugindu-se inaintea lui. Aragonii
ftig, abandonind totul, gi regeie Franfei se incoroneazd rege al Neapo-
i?L.-nedtlruridii f9riani nlecareluizasinaloflidrmiiunmlupiitd.arvlaieatunlgeMifipaauxinnimesbillaiasnec,aalrleeagromelereraazSsx_tdplaalingpiedei,rsipmpa-ppeaco.ttirvgiavi aiinnslsoutrag-ii
Lcdovico Moro. De fricd, acesta chemase pe Carol in ltalia, tot de
fric5 se aiiaz5 cu Venefia impotriva lui. Cipitan general al armatelor
f-igii e numit rnarchizul de Mantova. La Fornuovo pe riul Taro se dd
acea mare luptd singeroasS gi nehot5rit5, in care Francesco Gonzaga
se ilustreazd prin faptele lr-ri vitejegii. Forfele aliate vroiau sd taie
drumui armatelor franceze in retragerea ior spre Nord : francezii izbu-
tesc fsddcitnrecal co5,pdraadr dGoennzoargmadsiinaitalubiirrradmreingasit5d.pIinsai bpeellcaimtrpeuml udreasbedtdde-

[ie,
teneritatea soiului ei : acum e mindrd de eroismul iui gi se bucur6,
Frnpreund cu toatb Italia, de ceea ce toli vor sd numeascd o mare rric-
torie. Francesco avea sd se ihistreze ;i la asediul Novarei, care cade
lrr miiniie irri.

Regele Franlei, sdtul cle trddilrile gi complicafiile italiene, face o
gtace separati. cu Sforza gi cu Mantova. Nlorul, care trddase pe rege,

trtideaz.l aculn Liga. Carol VIII dorea mult sd cunoascd pe ,,inving5-

t,orulr" sdu, a cdrui vitejie gi pricepere militar5 o admirase. Se intiinird

hvfc[oaeeisidrVtieroeerinegcrcsah-eoliuili1liitgpoi-iuirigGilo"imror.srnavlczuarraceiiahgrGeaizeoufplnulumzorapatbqarrtaici,mnhguaiizssiteeuscip.euvraCoatoiasararoiottVf5dlieeVcifnoiIineuIaIs]iritetpe:eiuacspdu-eeomnrtont,er,tiucrcaafaeslcgldauei-laicinsdufftae6mdc|iiigdnnaattgcrrreeeuf,---i
no5tin!a.

Dupii aceastd pace parfiald, Francesco e trimis de Venefieni sd
francezd
3'.rirte la Napoli. Armata de acolo era comandatd de propriul
sii:l cumnai, Gilbert de Montpensier. Sofia acestuia, Clara, se afla la
&Iantova... Ciudate rdzboaie acelea. Gonzaga nu dd nici o luptd. cade
sali se face bolnav, qi se grdbegte sd se intoarcd la Mantova.
r-nii Fornuovo, Der;i pri-
in triumf la venelia pentru ,,victoria" de la senioria

&t.nitcepdeins6p-lobsdtnuul idasecfc, 6dpeitdaunpgliecintaetrea:l nu trecurd citeva iuni gi fu desti-
muttd aroganfd,
al veneliei. cu
noteazd sanuclo, veni sd cear.l socotealr gi sx se disculpe : senioria
vroi sd-l asculte. Era acuzat cd
nici nu luptase fdrh energie contra

676

L!9

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a\lusesemareparte'Aceasliritltrevetlereaml]ovestit-olacdl.ltoriile

,Isabe1lei.

II

Isabella d'Este si Cesare Borgia

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facd un dugman din acest om teribil gi in acelapi timp tremura de im-
prudentele posibiie ale sofului ei. lntr-adevdr, marchizul Francesco,
cu toate relafiile lor epistolare cordiale, ca soldat ce era gi preferind
lupta dreaptd, disprefuia pe aventurierui migel. cum aflase'de depose-

St9tdbre5aadiigr,sdienadncaodtaoroicnrsrm.udidimiLigorsarnn,eeaa2anrpt3eeuvltaliiiuenueinntgliusiieitdi-duv1nee,5uc0ssB-2tde9e,oiaerIrescglppaiivnaeebatzedqaitsmriliieacssiiendi,liatpupvslorMiecirnldribtileaaaeszlnlicaeeaorc,i,cesSiasouniutnresizdleuardeiplendrtsedduelfaududaargpirsferiae:aaar,fp-,tirIilte1coS1gui,.uselsapdrS/euerrejisnFascvrjceaanaemdrnosge--ti

prin gura celor ce vin de acolo, cd Excelenta Voastrd a intrebuinfat
vorbe rele despre Valentin in fafa regeiui prea cregtin gi a oamenilor
papei; adevbrat sau nur acest zvon fiind rdspindit va ajunge la ure-
chile valentinului. Acesta fiind om in stare sd unelteascS, (machinare)
chiar contra propriului sdu singe, nimic nu-I va opri sd unelteasc&
ciminpaobtruivnaf,tpdefirisvooaansetirevonaastturera.le$,tininimd incenpudsaarrefai cu care trdifi, din pri-
o misurd gi neavind nici o mai lesne, neluind nici
dd marchizului numeroase pazd, decit sd vd otrdrreascd." $i buna solie
sfaturi cum sd se apere de eventuaiele in-
oercdri omucide ale lui Borgia, $tia cd aceste precaufii vor impacienta
dppeerilmeFrjiancna1ceeepsilc,inoIs.sa,i,bmPerplelrafeeuarndidnduscgdaus:bdd,v,isedelensliuuoplridnaroaVsftiorupa.esi"trm$diinsiedn,tnrd-ueucrniidt pdcoadsteesusccrsirp5istouaamm-
rea aceasta, nici sd nu spund cd femeile sunt fricoase gi vegnic cu
spaiml in sin, pentru cd rdutatea acClora e mai nare ca temerea mea
pi curajul Senioriei Voastre."

Cu iuteala ce-l caracteriza, Cesare se repede Ia Milano ca s6-Ei
pledeze singur cauza inaintea regelui Frantei. In ziua cind trimisese
scrisoarea sus citatS, Isabella mai scrisese alta lui Francesco, cu noi
sfaturi de ziua de astdzi nu mai qtii in cine sd te
prudenfd : ,,cdci in
pdjibnlnu.oiu-ecsnavirtesareae:rzcfq6iieVgtci;sneuaht,1i5limeasuiinnriped,trraainiininjctjiiuuvdncclto,ioasiceelcrdaselziiielnsnuednatsuiiemoridn;ermirpiniraecledipdropnevenrcioditislaeniaentddsvu-deidpadredrielnielpieatmsnrocditgrdoiainn,oriinduunnilniciRfrmasiuioeidieenmLnctlcaeuaai odg.dn"annodudavtMrddi.sacpaeeEorMXcasughtcIoitItio;d,nziruactdceItdaafpcccerruiuienletpm-rtvrieriedle,rofqzdectreuagrslls6rmueqee-,li
stxruie ca Gonzaga sd Ie refuze addpostui. gi Elisabetta se
refugiazd atunci, de bundvoie, la Venefia, Guidobaldo
unde sunt primifi cu mare
cinst':' Borgia se declard multumit de purtarea marchizului
nu mai suferd acum de N,Ianlorra
Ei-i scrie : ,,vechia noastrx prietenie
gere". nici o atin-

sion;gcairuniiilpnr:itcusi alcLdsoiemen,elda;ioei-tStizieiiunlerciigiioadariegeclpiaaae,nreutcoelsulleiei.b1rAdr5ad0ztu2vc,drdeseteilsMalenartcdicumhnimpioalg5pvteoinaitlfcriai.evlvatufaatlluuiemrin,ootrdsinapburrelinicJicnuistispincjiradlrorrceor.

italieni ispra-,'a iui, ca toli sE se bucure de felul cum gtia sir se riziune

fii:rl rir-Ls in Fraufa, ca oaspetele reqelui Ludovic XIi in castelul cle la
L:rhtr. Pr;n-rind sc;"isoarea vaientinului,
ca gi infonnafiile agenfilor ein

680

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carnletueurmsenpaecialilrficfniraiiimvmicprlasieatrbcfhdiucoi1zmieucilzutnesbcciliaet.l:eaIanscitel.deaIinmcoiempstosaatcLrmriirciaraipricdenhinfinziue'titaoi rapsttreieeimfr1poi5nug1ste0eeprliiultlaeiFpeDlaecolresncrpiaeCeteooca,tidvpceaeei

Preti, aclentul mantovan pe lingd impdrat :

pc lin,,IgnIpcri6viiers|atec,cpreernitircuaocsintactiECtiacscceumcpiuubluiricnaosmlrautfejurnpi,rimluocrguerarsitp,Frued5ei raipcroo,ape

nc(lJnenesc, multe alte imprejurdri o fac grea 5i iinposibil der executat. Degi suntem
nlai nult 66 sigurd ci pcrsoana lui va fi primiti ri pdzitd JiIrgd Maiestatea Sa
cljuuunrtag]1raella5u5ia-asastarpprnduetcenaodlramotocairtiideb,inatcre,Slb[esuniireirocrsullialupoi rpsicaoertuptcelr{u:iiorcssititraiuit,imrrgiiniirsgdimisieifrricnagliperduc$dzuearn}alldraeic,aJicueesluitmu}piurifc,iu-
scurnp, bucuria 6i nidejdea intrcgului nostru popor. A tre lipsi cle crl c totulla cu a
rrc lipsi dc sufletul 5i intregul nostru bittc: o deosebire intre a
nu vEC trici ni se

lua vialr $i tronul ;i a ni se rdpi Fcdcrico. Putcfi rispundc pe fal5, odatit pcntru
toicieauna, cA suntem gata a sufeti orice ilraintcr clc a fi li1:sili cle pre-':r:r-rla fiului

lt.r5,.ru : aCCasta estr-' hotdrirea noastr6 cl'ribzuitb 5i irl:strdmutatd-"

in acela;i timp se adresa dlrect, cit o scrisoafe iil latinelte (Isabella
era bund latinistd) ducelui de Saxonia :

,,IrLtr.o calamitate a$a CIC] mirrc, fiincl lipsiIi c1c s()lui n1eu, singura tnea mill-
qiir:rc st;i in acest fiu, singurul carc-mi ilrtiitriscaztl chipr-r1 tat6lui silu; tirita itr

682

c89

l:inpslupJappgnroplacJtpoJre|?:Jern1"IlL'ar:a;cdte'oourerurlrpo3orionIEIJLUil[I]JrBpJ'Ie'ioztnzpazyprlOuapbtrulcolllv r?f, ilars
luoualc!
-LUO) ro[ oiiD ouaq oipLu n.\apouroJJl] Is oJlro]lad ln]oltras I Jl:lJa-l]
-ad e-s or arapn[ ps pr]spoA efualorxg ad se1 'eurr gdn61 'aloulpli 1i
allrnzprqo neefu1ur es elrJnruoz ]S eladns nf, J lliBoaprdT"e'prastoaclLLre
rrnd 'lal palrop '.ig0n1q;
ap lllulooz 'pspur elsad nernqz
incter u1
neopes pulq{v rE oupupl/{',putc e1 'otipIJeIAI BJJ laJe €-Io optlll oTo:l',1
{'Da}u11lopllBIpa}nuculoassaltnouJ rJgJ ',,rrunqau a}lnur" prnJp} os Psput oir o}uleun
DLrrq[V ntoubrg DI Dp olDu1odraoccn 'ouDrrDr\,[ a]D.rI
']11sa,r 1Jl-ipf,sprlr un ri era ISlpolurorlupnpLr'epuaelfquqelgza-jSrclpL1eIr+ ap pra l rdo:stda
rS rdorstdeirlre 'llentpret 'e6ezuo3 oplro ru
gr-",s"ur'l1p6a1u1dppsuer'eblrllnlasocplpltsJtElpaEtsruqqa:urlallrnoipcrrulire1nrcglgnl.c1slpler7u;fnaropIl'rtnpl'oJrJntpulaarelpraddossreuuJ+olo]u-1rrInnlpIeeJerlro'pIrultino|d1{onlarDusprlrtcptlelaueurlLotrLf,lIr\noaLroful c"ui q+o'tL)poLptoIrnuile?IDc}arIl5o\p{
oI-no-eqrocrpvnpIslnpalqqpuup'orp]airrcealJpBao'log,tprereSlrbaaud1ssleslsaLtpsIIepI lIapnrspl Jue1lcel11efao'r11pop1eJunIeJodasJ-rl]irpoeupulopir{rpgeJcdlnlongsLn{'oncrlpesalrasustripoo:.J)r
uI areqJas o r-npurlsar\ocl olsaJlrBJc InlnzlqsJplu PIrJS oIpPD o tzpls
'tIgI arJpnupl II eu1rneJSrSy'eIJanrgrl;nal JaIriaplz{ol(qlpusi1l?leJparrtlo$ltttoill uosltls ut6'ouicf

-tcu!rd 1r elrncl as elds 'e,ro1upN pl
rrulrz adpordp nplrodpr 'IuISSOJD trn 'olpp3 olzels rtn 'rolrbezuo3 iE
ppgapI-pp''rpnr$rasprnlcozloBpUuplllnloqdJonnuIIapl-lJtalarIJr{rnSpnlpgraerlar1ufrJ1opeuil1cranarrJ;u1llororr1'arlrnnp''elaserLiupabrcrrnroSrre^lsncpo'lz'41airOaarTts61lqegtlr'noeJ;tqnronrrLDlaprnlllrr{rg^afJpl,iq]aLlplL?ondPJrlZo:atnlppliunJpriqIpaJasrrl6p'Saqpn1sila,^puralal1al,ee,eSzrltp1uleacnJu'lpnt1rllsrl1pndnlpraq1eoenLcN1pu1rasltfeplaa'elJpcp'lrpdllainIeanra-uitpeP1purrlr1IupaSrqtfIt1aopr-JrIarcIIlIsUSlrdn[lelpSneIteatJ1Illlnrnlsfdt1qnfrln1eSp.rnJIt1IprdinntLe-Jsutoi3sJrit1eepaJ{lo'nae1ecalrp-IrtulbrIean'andRlttee6lpbpipulz]PPutaupaa'uuICldrlfruisop,ro[aeortn3'OLlPssppiIlIAlLlIrlolns-L'asJnRI'pugItaooeotIt1trplJdisScolneJpluredpnlt'gJ1r;rpeJttf1s1alpetodr*crltaEbaPdotlutoacep9-q1rr'1is;e;li

'adrluud oll
ea'prpflelpprnlqlpruooIlpEpf,aJsoprralrrsplrlupjlrPl nsI aatrplp:lrrpP*z-dgn.seJoPeJuaJelneaclllnlalcPpl ruIlens[UPI ]rnInJunJlpPplr1llsaoqJapl]ls-aIlnpf'aP, Cosu-rIlrlnu]sll
'ppnr o pI
EalollulTll
ptuILrI nJ
'errod E{ la}p}so pJ rltJ ad eap I-Ps nrol '1nsn1-r1u1 erapa;ru1 gttllct
e-alSpaIqaprIbJrausp'prrrle^JeraaNd'rorJpiroalsorJtnl pIpacJtaprturollrpnJtttoabp otsalrierg uaIdnPJ J'dsJpIotII[oIncluzg].lIs
aslnlilsap
ro-n-uJuraIpprrJJurl'rriprIrrcullJ1ocp1rllelpunrilsrr-o1nnlnLul lIaeapprlflaensragee,Jotar+vacIllnI'oAJrJoSu1eoplIJut'r0LsaIoIpgdrodI ruaiaenlllllnicprElPaugrJIrpeullftonurqonqrpul Lenq1.rrntlLulaaeeftpfduaelaJiroIIgotluAeaIaualLalIeib?oPlollsaJrAPlqIP,sIl
1gr lnlerpclul l.r:lp : +JaJo prnlp iazltlJrput olp Irplsalorcl a1o1ue,t:o1g

gEbulrnaulerzruruBro-plrs:1orurdntlrtpIucJS'eplIsot,2l.oJ/lpnluEtqrrropdqnseoPpJaprpoltIuJI-uPspaiirlnedoles9p-uisonJEIi ,,'qlrrutod cr gs:
c(IIrrI 961111 cp lnrg
lp olpJ 'PS Pa11) l

-sar€I^d plnls;Jl) ulrrazllrd ut-td 11;ap JsoiEJl Ipul nu 'alol op pse alleos -IoLIn o{Il()trlI-\

dragoste impreund". Scriind aceeagi poveste marchizei, Stazio nu po-
menegte de curtezana Albina gi trece peste ambnuntele prea
Aceste crude.
experiente ale lui Federico durard vreo trei
ani. In
februarie 1513, papa Iuliu II muri gi ostatecia principelui lud sfirgit :
inainte de a se intruni in conclav, cardinalii ii permiserd sd se intoarcd
la Mantova. In acegti trei ani, Federico igi desdvirgise educafia, cdp5-
tase gusturi artistice, frecventase invdlafi gi artigti, devenise un ca-
valer fastuos, darnic Ai pl6cut, dar luase gi toate apucdturile viefii di-
solute ia care participase.

IV
Isabella qi Francisc I

Feclerico nu-gi lncheiase cariera de ostatec cu agreabila qedere

de l.i Roma : o altd expatriere il agtepta, spre noua gi adinca mihnire
a Isabellei. Intiia oard FtrreabnulaisdeesrdegscealepeFrdainncicsacpItivtiotat tedinpenetaintcdrledsedrue:'
a doua oard e luat in
pentru purtdrile marchizului Gonzaga.

De abia suit pe tron, Francisc I reluase intreprinderile italiene ale
d;;riendencoeusosrtidiopringipdeuspted rnarea victorie de 1a h.{ariginano (1515) se fScuse
Milano. Ducele Maximilian Sforza abdicase qi
fusese trimis la Amboise in Franfa, unde, mediocru gi incapabil cum
meraul-fumspitrec5disspcedrpaarseea mdtuqei sale, marchiza dMeaMnatonvtoavan,u-presev6dzeucslaerrd&

de grijile statului. La
fulgeriitoarele succese ale regelui francez gi credeau in victoria li-
Cind Francisc I trimisese marchizului
qii imperiale. ambasadori ca
s5-1 atragd de partea lui, acesta se ardtase disprefuitor 9i comunicase
totul viceregelui spanioi Cardona "MpeannttrouvacardSmeansioeridaeVpoaarstetrad sd aibd
de ce ride, curn am ris pi noi." $i Impdra-
tului. Dupd Marignano, Francesco nu mai ride. Situatia lui era foarte
grtra : Venetia, aliata regelui Franfei, nu iertase pe vechiul ei captiv,.
ninicitoptosliatiucainlupi aprrtoei,rnsptaertiualldm;avnitcotvoarnio.aIsa5t,da-lr fi putut ugor sX anexeze,
fsipeanniiioiiliipioi rucnecreeaauu
intre ciocan gi nicovald :
iibera prin domeniile lui, francezii gi vene-
sd se trecere
opund. lmpdratul ii scria ,,sd persiste in cre-
dinta faf.d de Imperiu 9i sd nu se bage in primejdie pentru ceea ce-!
csnipueurni,::taifarr:eaainlccsceazir-iior"i.csiBo-oroilena,apivaucrqeic.dinRedzeagpremrilmuatii,sFebraiesnctcuriislscomaiariercashciirzriasiepgsdierpaciteuarldusui5so-el capul :
felicite

ardtase
trimisnlui francez de ia Mantova, ca sd-i sugereze eI rXspunsul. Lui
iAib1eiraiinsop,aciroionldiloort,tieiirurdl svinenndeetiagni care-l impingea sd nu lase trecerea
mai bizar: ,,Cum
Senioria Voastrd are
puterea, s5 se opund ea ; intru cit ne privegte, noi r.'roim sd fim prieteil
regelui Ei Sere-'nissimei gi oricui ne-ar face
$i :,.'r','itai al bine gi nu
rdu.' Cumlatul siu, ducele de Ferrara, indemnlndu-l sd ia o atitucline
mei hctdrith ;i nrai bdrii6teasc6, Francesco rdspundea: ,,Poate spune

i! )q

989

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,-, ,"*iJi'li"-:-;;i:11--aeup!pspfs,JlaAI1;lp+-efsI8rB-sooopIrprsp^uduotn'rprnAap^aerrlBjallsppB'osnrPllrprldtrSa'rropsuu.lultJul1lpp1l,raupoP3rusaal;oprarlod''1tunae{isd,pvulaapupue1p'es(aapoa-zafuurul1eIlo3rlqaaPr1dop6Ill1B!ssau3\aa,rurautlpaarBnrIzlsaIcBoDaIlaqz3appzrB,BulaoplIqes^IaalrerulppodrIJnatuqAtduraoasrr1ArplaazpsaclerB'olrluJessusuraeuBpJlgruIoorlpEuoI1a^nJreurl1JnlIuupraagaJua6rIl,apuoDlJuanlpqpu4l"irDlsBos!qna^caenr"{tas_rrB'Jra_enaDerBe6ruI6draarr1asraB0a1llsnlpl1leuldroe,dnsDTdrstw,BBenrnrD5rpl1u1rgopece,"1,r,unl1nsfrnln,lu1paRd"1ldlps1j).,
^RrE-I-lon'e'e!e-'-;'nnu'rIo:ssuloP-'IetEBysa3nsoBcorl{a1alauIruaploIuzua.jgron.ullrJ.Jc:r.\r1arlonArlady'ls':Sboudlg,.IPuu,norpr:rteAFp,lue'rrOuIau.aqsdolno'qJrlosJu{1lapuIa1aJorOrept1ulUufnaBdungIup"uu,sI'uIupsoer{PBal-lI,lolrlJde-huIrnoIrll!usorJro1laulplpa'o1g,lr1td^e'rrcluupJI-uaItca1rrsptuBurarno?sp^nJnrn1ralpyeeruaelPpuulzaJlplpIel^6qrcprosqrrdsoIrolAna+l.-aoo^ruIl"quararrArun:suIBrqozlElsptoBdasl^epuui.plE1raoBulAra'Jlteoznrpnu6IrJpuladr,drpnodsupoeraupuoscr1ncpcsIrr',rua3Ju:.lrIrJoeurl{"neauaErorIBnrlr"6BnlaBu1lJoliV_lysonarsulpIar^Iql1alIB6fnrInrl;r16Iza]zlulJesp.uu:N'nrauzp1B'ae-noJgleEa,etRn-lsrrgJr3cI_po,rrBnllocBn^nspn{o.oaIaluurluIB1Jluoa:pnapara.pspelarInaJrRJn'Ian-sasluspe1eprnpqrsleruplrlparueufrars1r1usorprJ1BprclearJaS'npsl'rl1bap1n1np{qJruprrgrp5l,pr'uesurprodqr11larpnulJosu.prs,aope'rnrnsaraoBn1olnJIprJI'IngeaJur1prc^Jeadelur$usany6zs1apvarriJreag'llorrpb,a-eeaAd.1urn'pp:'Igppierrriqu}udeeasi.narlor,zuopuipaaoaerpoarnrs-zu'epalpruIaapJJsps;rsilSperIrluern'gppef^arJlqarrrosuidr1laeopolIaBurlafolsc'rnlerureeiolBqptospcp.npn,sr,ef1**rrergepfrggAressp'Jrr1sotiBnnrRoaail1pc*:'JpJ}deuglqnplIJoruu5nirpieBslilJa1rnrdaaroJpic1u6gurlrrlnurlrup'obasurerrual"pltaeBIzIueriuprl,"IaaBrplr"sld-unruoIrirpoBranugr3,1pe*rraraJ-,opi^a,sonarj"o-lnpa61iprn'"rrliraoud1"l1rgulaxiso"Jaoaunoorianp"urr're!spnpr'z,Trs6r'1a,iliooulU1li1"op1eq-qearpreriaprpiert"riqu-os1nrySrq5rr.snei"*I"Jsr1esu,irolJa;lp'-lrJr.,1'iIn.,e+rfsJo1BrnriJp,,nnnil,I1'cIia"ac"n"renpJopS11a'nraau*rranusBJr1Bg_,,rArAa1rqprAnrn:r1rn1onaglprs*crern1eaointunoJpBv,r";erfrps-"cpalanpraaqJr1ouui1JJsaaIrE-c,scrusn+p:lroBnJ,"rielazfsfuerra,prlarrosrarir1",I1aal1fror^isarluqolgs^su,11rrqie*odnnpl-nlu[r^nagloearBepadcdp.plporrrboTpppJr6frJprn6r,urroreoooBIp:pJuprarnciae1r.3Va1clrnsoi1rlsTd.e$;.iul""lslrsr11,.r,.,6lr.i..

Cc,t,csiiardnsnisuuct)r'lo,5m.aAiti-dlalfsdpocin'lrsiiieotci,iaiacnptucuir6'liJ;rc;if;i-"a"l"i"t;'to""i;iir,itsiiinlte"icig.ct.eifinalcitntiuiontlaruniizeomiieulaapRn(tesooinvnctararunav.iqcia.i:il!Ni.rM.t'a"oiprdlaiaoi lqolliua.,heRsNrlco4rtzielaofrlrnetrneer-,'
Iacrorm.itS;Asi-niuo;pcsloeln;anaflos-tr;ionolicibie;glscpnois-ioideeihccuc,sr",ciiloa*ntoi.rzlceleta(nez'uiuraSmi;iJepi'mlibiivburrloptmeiauoitipiatsi,enrsaIbaeepuslac:ivspitap.aif',artf'usn,,uerr"ritea-ian.re.nonvamft,e"s,"ueeRJr";iit'e-itci";ooe"-r-i";5dat'npi4z'ifo;en"rir;ofee"-qr,ai"t.iciin",zi--gii-ijteuJeevilAu"euuitttlo"*"ai.s]lcfffttrrui"tcoa"Cltibltcr-l"'rtnutiariie5iiridtrianiss"t.uirru.nocaatl"-tgiumtua,cfu"oroiouinfprcraitrarosui,sirF.eesru-ri,tnciqnrsgadtlcraheeieeertanAeiiunillzlseeeegcpiinr.eit:iirateosoniadalSr-icisrarerievailccirtadeSuolrIpscrleFnz:zle'*nflviaeo1ilea?sccedprr4rrodcirreaiarrcBuaenumeqrdu:earioJnlceocae(,elrcucclo.,tm'elcot,eeo)ghcbcfsd.maatntnliliiezeipRrcasbasaq-ibi'orc,oeralAirucpueatIn-neninqrnspanilza:,5acictrr,fdiinteillhoi'lmbie,rpezi:,e'r'eNtoeee.ilsa?blectspnle.oAtcrclafaassl,eattislirtirlvitl'elzrtli'on-na.-i-i'r-'ii't

lelcj cd nu era cleplin mulfumitL"

icrziccsnlsinrnlinhuoaaliu"triocrilr:lq;iztafNrecn;drruiAeiini,liciftto5mmriraltdA*lotc-riiairi"rlie.i,srceiatnpi-dp.el6vlTi.oerirrrMtnredrdioi,rnes.ifnArt,t,amaiefdaiiuptanen"spnrlmlalstratude"uteplalrocl.nuaoarruciaipurtcttz-rrhrefr"ifudteiud.a,raFlii-"znziXc.rJe,'ccd;dae"aiadi;aa,tfaa;-c'eGrsua,ritrio"frail"tr-ein-*"cernmait,,ldlirortou.sogt'ioa'iuui,*ti.,zterariiolt"i'rcuuloieoutnf"'mhCrrl"otrujteot"i'"dusszauccirAtelearqatu:uissdiccbnr.itdodal,erudetaF_itsoisfoducrlndtiratlacaniar-auunsptiliutineeiced.icleficdsciaclrmidtiprea,slilcaoeirtniacnlmiaapminncnisder,icnIcpedlaa]usidisiusos1upgfi.tel.aanpii1ueei'coditeubiltdoe$edeelpasue:aaes.iualnMl'zrnsaeslsrseaoctbrceeaaelaithaengpnrnsi}errttceiaertteatrrnioaeaaecraloctiv,tahgrn'r'eiteeeo[aiiraoIalmaeisauunivpgsat$boatunlaeericiienirnrlarivtliacnceqiGelrSinno{ocliuacsaeoalapeiiilenleaciri*ir;n-i--r--ioi-'l'l
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noslrad,rlmo'Fectericorr-afoslnenorocitniciinFranla,alirluricleca-
valerescul siu arnic, care s-a purtat cri el lrdtegte'

V

Isabella ;i Leon X
Arn rrdzttt ce bune relalii eratt itltre marchiza cle N'fautorra;i palla
LpLuetic-olrntu"Xruilieacisneeciesstpreiu'cfdtaucralupsoceinniactilfRipcooamntutaiflitc5tieialsece,enustiimttuineiacnl;teacllmee cnqeroatptaiattup,dacilteilieaaasretcltmea nemenaeelr-enatul''l

6E6

/89

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Is PaurplurlerDul ap pieuntpul
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1pnf1 'orrrqrfl ap Inlalnp earepasodap lllllor{ 'ro1tr11ala1uoi/{ eJo}Bp ni?s

marchizului Francesco Gonzaga nu fu prea frumoasA r refuzase orice
ajutor ginerelui sdu gi cu mare greutate ii trimisese o
mie de galbeni,
pe cind rezista. Nu fiica gi giperele
s5u fugari, dar nici putea refuza sd primeascd pe sora,
se pund rdu cu papa. Ii implori.auto-
nu vroia sd
rizgtia ca s5-9i addposteascd rudele cele mai apropiate. Papa insd
ameninfa cu fulgerele ecleziastice asupra Mantovei gi refuza duceselor
exilate sd-gi recupereze p,,Peappdamdienvti"n,esctroiat umEaliis.carbuedttadigni zi in
zestrea.
zi gi nu ne vrea nici in Leo-
cer nici
nora lui Federico Ia curtea Frantei. Sdrmanele ducese erau redusg la
uaevclteliemazuaiavseatxicstreee"m,ciIiztsaeatlebaet;ellacd,auinpsdddditsredpsiraeenslceudlleetlriuepibeuRniaatfrauseela-IcgeiCstotitppedaaepss5cpdnreeaor"mgfuinelgtnfe,orrsiealge:i
crud, declara intr-o scrisoare cdtre agentul ei Capilupo ci prea pulin
ii pdsa z perchd a dirvi il vero non ce ne tacemo molta conscienza. ln

cele din urmd, dupd lungi negocieri qi asigurdri din partea marchi-
zulni cd la Mantova nu se va ,,mechind" impotriva papei, Leon X
ingddui, sub anume condifii, refugiul izgonifilor de tra Urbino. Vreo
cinci ani avea sd dureze acest exil, cu diverse vicisitudini. Francesco
Maria nu-gi relud ducatul decit la moartea papei.
Isabella, aEa de respectuoasd pe vremuri fafd de Leon X, care-i
era gi cumdtru (el botezase pe fiul ei Ferrante), nu-pi putuse ascunde
deccptia gi amarul fatd de crudele iui purtdri. Nu nurnai cd prigonise
pe cei de la Urbino I acum se indrepta cu dugmdnie gi contra fratelui
marchizei, ducele de Ferrara, pe care cduta s5-1 deposedeze. Se zr,o-
nise chiar la un moment cd pusese s5-1 otrdveascd. La Mantova se

."orbea destul de liber impotriva papei, iar in scrisorile ei cdtre Alfonso
dL'eEosnteXm, acrachreizaintdreafipneeafaslpdio"nmi inlaciuMnailnetoqviadguipelicraitdintifloer"mSafitndtieei
Sale.
toate,
se plingea de dugm5nia Gonzagilor ; nu-Si recunogtea nici o vind gi
vorbind agentilor mantovani se ferea sd pomeneasc6 numele marchizei,

I.,,2

lVloartea lui Francesco. F ederico domnitor

Boinav de ani de zile, marchizul Francesco Gonzaga se stinse la
29 martie 1519, inconjurat de tofi ai sdi. li urma fiul s5u Federico, in-
tors atunci de la curtea Franfei. Toatd greutatea conducerii statului
c5dea acum asupra marchizei. Federico avea numai 19 ani gi Fran-
,cesco pe patul morlii o insdrcinase sH susfind cu sfaturile ei pe norrl
donrnitor pind Ia virsta de 22 ani. Noul marchiz era un frumos gi
strdlucit cavaler care-gi fdcuse experienfele la curtea roman5 gi cea
francezf,, unde invdfase mai ales viafa somptuoasd gi destul de destrS-
bblatd a principilor epocii. Isabella ar fi vroit, incd de pe clnd fusese
luat ca ostatec de Iuliu II, ca fiul ei sd fie un princlpe luminat, cum
fuseserd atifia din casa ei, gi-l indemna la studii serioase : ,,lnfeleg
ltietedreelsef5cteazrie-suniit la Roma, :- dar in acelagi timp sd studiezi
sd scria
mult mai de folos unui principe decit particula-
gi

trilor". Federico nu ajunsese cdrturar;. preceptorii lui spuneau c6, degi

688

689 r' BI€.rr 6699" eir-3

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H,i3li ffq-psr,aaJ1L'rnr1reorle1 sfurr -r pronpl o

posoqo TJ Inrpnls r31
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1epellruoarlnleulpuprJo1JsreT6J prioc{psI
n"
e:aia_ici r:i
ealnd 15_n-rr'tlrroDrialur tg toi_r p:.e

.rpicicsilul.iaol:tcar.ri:irlznic:iUtrucaltietrott.':ci,ribrtcrsutr.io:rsraiantlruru.rrl-:i.nr.ii..seip.eiI,Ces'esClesipeaiecelibsieCsdnteIrticggaiij5qiliranrliliizRoicoatS"nolenc',ifmop:l,eiitnlleg-o.aottigriusinuspiilpcsiltestSrSe"ie-:fn.cofliueatpuLr1ureuelpincoreLNniinmpetio'afoeEXeadnrrricld'cimtiXrceioeeiailedosezdiifd,lninesulrcrcnrdciaiiesbroLateissortam6iurmscd--leudPeeenrisitlazcoitidoialcaecucusmdecraidleeaauircs'rsaiIecNretIdgaa;as{ibeieernaisae,dnssiiillacnicignptcii,ciiLaarcioeile5cealrcu{u1gtlecunm9aie,--l,l
r.iritii. i.l cliice .,tcleiiate clc nepotism, Arirbasadorul incercd atunci, cu
clicaenlll-ic-gijsl;ifiiila-it1a,iir'ernci,eLolctcaalraL.itrnr;eitu-lneai1linim,slucupirsccilnl:,irtciLeipoctoaolrl5r;terislii,inninirlzcidrooscr.nccii-trtDltei'rsuceleeodpu;areiri.vnreefoctivriira{ciibinreeneeeautnfprlm,up,a':mupanRatlorerpeauoaastcdn,egaeadtziqtuslSaipicid,lh,Rel-boulonom.c;nibeirneie.-sie'sc-sancseimzT,eiui'rrelicneB-si1peaeponlccesail,alevpasn:jrnirso;ut'zalauLerpelts"iee,,'e
1a ir,rl;icalee i..ii Leoi.r,-( cu patronii s5i de ia Mantova. 11 gc5asrieP-ie.ipu_boena-
cliariolului Care fflcuse ca cei
iifice i;u,-rrit cle ,,oltera mai pufinl' ; amintind vechea pe
inal n;-rlt sii-l iuOeesci
prietenie dintre

casel-: i1,{ecl-ici gi Couzaga, nu clorea altcelra clecit reluarea corci lalelor:
1eg:ll"irli ciil trecrii : ,,clatd seniorii de la Mantova
vcr sii ne fie prie-
lncJeoritirli:rri:td,ei nanctoaeDi ctclteecieeirlc:Luoiaeirif]Uluacsrleia\t{sinasernc.clr.litoeluuvlncbaeiutevoraordsiieoeC,vre}dauzscvitriedgucelihodbeneuaeCnsipardrrveioesitpneea!n6fpiie"a.a,;N,ssieietfopsecttraiuctscitoseeaim-ucfdocselutf.oi,s'e"ef-'i
z;sr"c(Le;.iriootLc;*"gt"riiroillia:rez.:t;iei-"lsler,a,iq,:irstiltrealli!-,te.c.iic:in'teEc:;ore\ini-n:riiatira,ae.u,r,eptccncirSadaalljipatinlemabrrclpi5ocenccospirreiiteraaiieticanicLllfRineeaeirsaco-aaeIrvnilslcaegtueBXrilleiinises.iguiope:iaa$ircrl1roiiicpcitpsdli5a6iiu[."pnsfnviiSftlteeeifafeoecancsmll:iloplancevitolleaeiictnmnaasolttsarretionie-intiopifs.;cliauilzc^lasnpaprtiireiugetopce!lul1uaeiertinnieerFcgaaf'r1lelcuFa5tadla-neib1bnecditucroleriiSnenec-rsio:eicpcslocNaaeGels{enroaeevlinnurolliaae---li
lr'..i.aenrri-ooiovcoaie-ldrsiiee{i.rs'elcaxhptlaral'rrel-a,'a1\r,ierca[fzaottiiliarcrclte6dLmdeeoanossuXep.braitdtucileCaasatigmJliinonae,,_deCaareteCrgoinrcrelurcseaa,
rra(lflCpian-i:l:ao.rRe,1io,'l,e;1ro1atlLLarril1etaslaleeel!tJisaerplieniuizleBl-i-l.aieeol,rc-ai1luaagstaiiscqolre;reiseabteusrilcealonvmetiunpaIillitacaadrsttreeoipr1nruaaelgcinoeccclhoeieirpnliuhuo:th.tci-rPrirni"ald'ccpeeat.oaSctuecirrinieSpdaoirr:rerciaelae1t
nt -.i,ial'ui luttria;reosceiaci;i:-ertasclolrreclra,rlniuncdhaediaet,bterienbuiut inaicaiprreogbealrueiaFr6ai,nafeilnnuiciiailirgpiSa-
riltuia,;i ilane-r-rat iu ala fe1 incit nici rinul sd nu cread5 cd nr-archizul
cle \{antorra ei' lllltea trece de partea ceiuilalt' Mantova ela nomillal

fciucl irlperial si Fetjelico nu cdpdtase incd investitura. SErmanul Cas-
iigiione. aqa cle clrept qi de cinstit, invSluit in continue cluplicitfiii'
cscleieflisetesomarr-airni,,ifinoitrirmrreiannleecalcrseledaif:iricoaigeqeliiataisntceds"t9i.niCqaaum,rtiiceniafcieidt e-in--lasdcirMrpisdan9ctuiorpvnrainnddrapteuarrsissoigeaugnrteierriin-le-
terpuse atit reg::ltii Fi-an{ei cit li lui Caroi Quintril. Francezii nu a\reau
insd nici o increclere in tindrul marchiz, iar imperiaiii credeau c5-1 {in

690

r69

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I-nllisp'u3rll-rInp1J Ap',€iieqpsl oll'zirlJJpu-r ap Tp'.uirlr olnJSOrill:) *n_,'],
a1es0clap : laJ3.s aJp'ru Tpllr IaJ ospr:ls-gil as e.toln'r\i nL,ori5
'nps InlnIoppspqup puTiu
1?-I
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ail ouirOa:1.1r ti] srtf s ,1.t.r_r;s
n1 'ouorifirlsEf eir r*
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3l-,nrsp:lpoliLurBrnipakcsiii-usLiaaJpls,rn0,1d,sl,e,ro.t!,'-1,r,1pnaz[iu-o'oet-1Jl.1:1-:3tI\JJi1lo1:rui]s:itenr,3ijeJ$i.eeiijilal're1rca:,lrrsou"rcp.p.l:i'.rpoiri[-*iraririrp]:ioq,l,:flce,;ns:dr.rri1sr:_r1;ii';fJieec"l;aple;jo..ilTr,ot.l,JLr,-rrrli,n,]il1l'].s;nr;opis;.i6"\:L3:arjrj',p,njncg:sf]i

fciliNittdnonitrrto'i:ilieer.itr{rrcue.eriilic:iparersidaie.1rtfraicNboilrel.ro;.",-urlDrraiitlo\irfn.trceualac'lri.lliioalrlnactle1iilncn}lemlsaroriaiiNlrnnCfe{ueaalpviggtloueleliuclasrurieli-laClrolirsleail1aililarltlevlapra,Fa;'ehprfsa4r;etatteailin.carurectLroserla-icaz.c'loairltiio.lfSslriuasiifeloal,iorir,.z-'\eLariai1lel,ltaaloiaclncnlearve-l'i.:er\r1iStrals-url.ceiia-crlzccsfiLeritteliisLrtnvleiellii'elrct'-1ti
la Rona ia l. clecerrir'ie 1521. Era o catastrolir llentrr-r Gcnzrcla' Scr:na
poiriicir a iialiiei ar"ee clin notr sii se scililll-'t-'.
\fare rielitrille ia ivfantova. Castigiione nlt r:rai Plia ce s.r sluitti'i;c'i'
si1sail.lilo.iL3iIelairLa1uo2illcciltoelalacrrii1,iii:i1clrrcainep.iil",-:.ii.i-rniiii-rficl)er,Lciilrrie-aiorglaas;r:i1li:rf,rr,ierai-l1cLsrnleeie-1.rpr-12'eic,,e-1,lil1ro1c-atrillllret'it:nerlareatific;ptelictainiilcj:illleieirur:il,,erlsetfrlrritajluts-ra-'lei-iicI;llces.iczlSotljl,ieiclat,rl*iloiaicnuitiit"'il:itencrolailleaiL1+Ices;:iihialclciszeja-iLllili;elrcllirrrl:;ii"j''l
5c.pAilt-r,irc.cclr-li.r,.li,::i,;rinr,is;i:oicel;aoaCaccir;iei]icilel-.,l,.'i,ijlcciit,aiaji.na:icitallelc.iij{chia.aiuiizn.t.r-rri-uSo.rs]o1-nie,iiaaiaiisr.s;iCiililrr'toi-irre9isitscri.tcilliriehcaicuriiniznnlniiacesceoiirbci,pe1cLlirogil€lt[lla}liiitirfs;iincfaeLeiaLaciarc-leLruirecirlapetclrveclfaoeicitetrciercacLsialiulosemfiibiarreo-iiieiad:erre'l<t:Le1r1iri1ui-l1-aiSp:pal1iicefliFihcclne,ielfica:ir5atraiiacileSli'5'csr-a''iii''
calsioliisrrii;eizatc:l;seeei,ti;a-li9:triiaiz-silierscciian:iisrtonecii..,";Iril:Fiqirpra:aoslnliiiesci,leii:ci;zaiipi",v.ePadiirincnillqepAviarerltIltecsliaalcsbl}oiGetliiA,lnaofr:ario-cL,s,aSltnoepclvrieiiivllocipll.i-Lrroiilx1ptIoseecigtiirlteril-salctou1-tiriri,irracper-ttrf'rra-r--l
ilcpicrio-earer:is:reejFererbafqirlrertaerriirl;c:ecfprialcia-ia:rcg.tcr-ilizairsirclcp;vliliniizniticie1ti-alrnaiiftullic,upreftLiciltcleiiianair{tacfliuccracltileeutlaaet1rcleueocidua;ati,tfiiiric-eeCugieleil;relierc,sleeiotr1cc'catila-is$cll|Jnlurclceesclrluis-1;;-hil
rerie totr-Li 5i sii-i intoarcd iubii'ea cle alifdatil 9i tot feiui cie loioasc:
il scrP_t2r.i1r,1aostuplei .litrenii:"airuIstianlelerleiefriatrleuciugsiereFlielaeclslrfnalvueridceea primise".

c.i flancezii, ct-l

loarr.i: ameuinflriie 1or, nu erau a;a de priinejdiogi. Decise atu-uci sii
1:alLea llisericii imperiuiui". De aliir parie, Carol Quinliri
rirrr:i15 ,,cie ilrtrxelles at?t 5i
Feclerico cii $i malcilizei, incurajindti-i
:,cri.l de la lui

sii lrcrslste ,,in calea cea butt6t"' pontificale. cile rra fi paili ?

se pluee insS chestiunea succesilnii
Lc Nfantova se ltiisctlrii atunci mari speranfe ca succesolul lui Leon X
.rii fir: carciiuairil Siclismoncio Gonzaga, cumnatul Isabellei 6i irr:clriul ltli
I'rerierir.:o. Acesta fiicu act de candidat. Pornincl
la ccinclar', Isabelia ii
trimitea itii nullai urdri dar 9i sfaturi; ba chiar ii oferise 5i giur:aierele
ei peptrir rrariie cireitr,rleli ce avea sit suporte. Dar Sitlismon{lo, iuait:-
ta,L i; r,'irstii pi inchipuit, nn f.icu decit greqeli , Cen nlai lrarc fu sii
s;r: ciisl;.:n:eze tlc servjciile iui Castiqllione. Alti canciitiali rn:ri pricepuli,
carlj ir-.alii Cornalo gi Giulio de' Medici, cerurd olatorului lxs-ntol'4il
sii fic conclavisttil ior. Castiglione ii refuzir, arndrit cle purtarea cal-<ii-
naii,ilui sin. Din acel confuz conclar, ieqi alegerea cea tnai lieaPieptatit,
ace|f, a car-ciinaiul'.ri fiarnarrcl fost preceptor al lui Caroi Quiritul, Aciriar:
1,-j, -- i). ;tc;i:tt barbcro cuu il nuniirii italienii, care-! otrlr;lt'ii scrirtul
sihi ;--oniifica+,, anacronic in Roma Renaqterii'

632

e69

a'ppns'r:oorpe'rdR-LpseIIionSnulrrollrJlrpe1ofsdrlltlplo,_ruiulpl-lslerrprIurJrrpiuelluraracurid;Jriri.uniapcItlt,r:rrsrrleoJo1uarli-pflltt1e'orrlsiu{urq6-ulnrolar4Jupsa'JnlruosJ'rrpl*isorpipsliAcoaOoTr?"taI-pr\'iip-nelInEnr.e-ll:erra)a,i\iolo-riplA.ezrcno\eJiqrrlJaplrp-prulgrJrrrur'rrlInssf(Jlrra1lpoJnreJrir,frrig3lrIiEii3all:'snorlrlrrl)lsl1arllrraplp)li,rloo8n'sloilltpap\,ia:rpLo-rrrlpdspsurulorsrn;pilpiparlu3l1lno,csetpEr€pu1JrupJe,nrdallt*:prloFr3.r:lr1-lutsifclJasen'rrnnZ+1Ip'rariua1acOuulE,rrunl,rqJepss-lrlulonru1JAurrpJouarlIoo31epspfurp/iOtrI-rliorp!-Jzaricrpl-ea11nr{nIl5C{i"iEarJrUe.ia0l:guIr1pracuapiqteII'r1apIoszIislI{nAldz,er1ApaprJsrs^qzrclrepsls,r{aIsE,qnlul}oT,nJ.,uJuprrTorup,pJr{p-rpnJrJo.'aJrpnnrI-rusnluLurrp1rro1nopcpc:Ilalarnup1r?AA'ooo{LJtBasnnr6leaJJnfxpup:np{uirrrle-roJirJuTlrA1r"eorpRsrros,s],spDab'riaerEo"llo]Jj^ferErdlc[Jn:t,ng:apnEri3el;rarTosrl.paJocf]ofgfrfn1nitrilot,}r,lrrsrrIrpera$IiSru$s]prrnrl,Roace,plou1nep.'ri,{r6irtrrlrilaerrororerrgrrp-6ip4ioepIpJ'1r;rnprtlpjorL,eric)aJc1plSiurJnsrlIrurdpcnali,ssvriIe.rsltlllJollqrJJ,lqlarusrnSlpu1!errlrrrpsOe?par}rAaprlJJsppiuaers.ll11lrliiipeleloolrliyri.e,aapnalpn1"rLcalypn.siT{1ulJ.a,pn,llill[orcr"rarE]r1Ea,prJl,.pp,JLu"sr_Err10rprJroJisr,o.1io-ploerqnq+r:I,oflr,,npJl-1p"jslsaolpgrnrprreG6rpspiJ:ailp,jsaau1r,lr-arl1rlnsrisTeJrias1rbqs€lrol*-ricrei)rro3ro,o.ur,il*oidr,rorr.rrrJal1irrr)o,lr1r.JuJLunnrnrls,"oiI'ju.ulJroarn1peinr_{pu]"r:lpnin+}alal8'r?oiJLlrorrJo.1lr]Jrcercnr3auplip€poB,:snpsE1tl.)\r;
iamsg lnJef .IEA ]rrcwal3 IS rrJiaqesl
IIIA

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",rl-rlnlp.:edruJ

Rc,LFhpioiFfiprrF;iir.cliir',clide-e.a:r"eeoie"e.ro;r.iir.n,inot;icdilirnLdi:aeriixise,tL.eicinarrera,ie"erNltc-,.iiai.imru:ro.iinuo;rtrn1ri3iiXiu.,iiti.iacaiir.icu"otalnsc"ai:Efauo,"otiClitrofantf1it"i'qin,irecbcr,irccviiie*ausun:iduiiifl,icuaeor-avmeleciiriiaerceaslncoectreesaiorcaltaaiIicgu-aopfiS:rriiece5bfLXnCrmiasritiaegiacicleceli,rcijiacoc,i,,-,lrmsilrlrtroi.i;irotl'irtrrrieirrilLezee;illiii;r-:Li6ir.riitieniclzlaiiii'scelrrlslrr.ntaaia6ep.leeie;iqitoire)i-i.slerliirraaigcaiC.icilcmeiini:ceglpgsc,,,iaiaacircsiaeciica1lrrFilI'eisialerd:lSeiireis;eriannel;rcaei-iee:teaIabieii1tqiraci,a.iai1iipn.iiii1ptioa;onlfNir;tall.laailsneiirici;dlnbtielcsnfiars1li'.lt{ilcsriae.li;iEtiilaaioi,:cirmi-aaeticniloili-r.-oci;ref'r5r,iltte'tiirSei-piiirsozi:laiii'tilil,talcele:rc:ic,irrrirr:piai,idi.iool;aiille,;drlar;c'rl"anist:il-oll'zLi1tscaCgdBiuelletied:l;iiiCiersn';ra'rro:;ni.irnirlsr;.i.ia,rCel1m'ii,iapiitece.iar'zlisirfinI..arilirnDellici:c'eilHgaorCr.cqIilirlt1lisllir'irleir.erlbroCfiennilLcl:zit-iAlsiLigiit:u;aii"icdreadiaii)iieoolicl-im1i;ebe1dgiertlsirsrccfi:co'eplct(e,ji/raeltespce;v'iLrruiple3laiiaatielelut;ile:llcltoodogcilre'icrunalr'irltrrlil,heicctoeeatlstzi'lracrasi'siclcscsfie.aeuistcizp'ieieiediiiiiai.,ie1soA;crieovl:iilif-tcE,riC-c'te5fari-ai-nfiioi:tlei:gtelrr-euircuii;ctPiica;eiacaiiiiija;illicfrt;ooicrisarua:iia'clilquicrlIoeqllselsoelai'c:rliuarnca"Bri;ievlea4ili,or'o5.idtis'epr'oar.tarruicaeereiilpiri'i:;ict;Ccirlrcccml:ceicsauu-fiih;coLsinbroitllicis-oueia'rloleLiLieajeetattiazrlil'eoavlaairs'siltrzstsnrlSii1itSiilietaileieieroetcaa,'iil--ii''

c",_liir fiinC aCel ijec s/,rc it,:tc lteiuJ clir ace;'re ariiilnLirlte asllllral eifrcnilr-

:ilci gi dezgush"rrilor ei.

iie ,,h.u pporianternfai gtn::icficcrertiiriias;ui bpt,-illcrtearreiicSeigi lpilolirnaeIsriaeber:li]nas.,icm, daarctltcizaarccs]cr:fMcrai i:iit.l,rrc.leii,'ears'ae
erlc soaiiel, ce ea ce-i clitlu prilejr:1 sd c'ompunir mai
ve;;tili pl'iniie aiteLc, cri fiul c'1, cincelc Federico,
timpuri alc viefii icviiuri (pe ci|cl scria
rtulto clevizc. Se iiliiiripli,
a,iovio, hiantova;rjirIsesc clucat) prltirrii nt:re iilagosie unr:i qc;lflldorl'l?& astl!lfa
.:.:reia vlrija t.Jaie onolurilc {;i fa'rir::i.irile, ea Iilinase cri pufind vazii 5i injos:td'

ttA-,l:tirtaLetilltsmerrzuaairc.ilnlcuai ciirr,e,,tLibueiilril:ltiClEilerrccaarL(n)'liivi-i:olsdiorrrfireDlaliuIri,nj"(ad)9araat .rrj.i1snicisirro,luiiilliinci:tilalC:-i.la]rc;"lll.;ian'1tii"as'ciustcurinorgtoirl':iirlri5iir1riranielcirrlecit

{lcHspC1riIie1eiieierfebiasis,rislrl:din$1Auitimsvocntim,oriep.riGna,adSlliiuledlrreiiiocccr-alr9eilreliepcclXt,iiriidsaizoe1ir)anrcir:a.edl.l.pteilYiieo\r,'jcr{iinlicpl:gia1sirliudienttilicfbornessatnatoiiistbpsellie'viuuerect;.aiiisneal.eLca,ictcSacapioculfaetairciriuur{slii-eeSonrriiaru,limd'poiErreiinrorp;ea-sciicrrioiite,eialhccepilsIisizoisleoe9a'cracatrriilicsneibirgRldirtaatiearaasieoutsiprrlrelnreieacir:ncleaaihamsegnfi,zirc[tcupemi:cneo'ai,jis-ciipurt-:"lLiinlci.l'tieiiiieueiznanmlai1eiiiii-a,itpqalii"nlcciol,isieluScile,tcaLatcaliiirf\cll-hL:rrnejceme{citermairarn'iiareaint'r'ianribant2iuece:iumeud-c:tvri<rLieliiaialeiss-liitoe1uialla1ecrirt,nr-,lrraruiiitlepcoiretgiras|isiioiitlnnl1deecdlr-deu,--e,i

Iinscalboei2el3lhaX"rXliec-:\:,Ii,nISv-ei-nctse1el'eesneiln,isvedifunJcps,edi"lic"-etnuiaulrdciaeicltdailslifela.lclctfoiiiou'/rnaninnlciar irliilci:li.sr,:iI.iri:m-pojtoricvadecic';uiviPntee can
carc

isabellri Boschetti $i marci'rizul

Feclerlco sc instirasi: dupii raiiclui lui. (n a.)

694

969

queIeaar--oI--un1pJJa1slilIpseieprduaseJaallIuge1lppn6JeqrrrplreJrlJtSoErdulpJorIusoqznpJpapplolnorSetrapprdlauJrppietduuaoJurgopluAlrn1rndnponrleJerlJeeeupBJgrepacrIrproJofuullqulpeunez''{ooaegrJrJardcpor6drlJls-rnaJle^nel{drnarrpngJpzJplrIugnpoeqEoducrdo-1JoaroaIr1npudorEDrrd'ppllrlleeeirrolarIUrpEaJu'fEuel,lair+ouoouenuro,n3T:JplrznIlrlqsfSuodir]uoru.sronll-pa1oD€Jqeap1u]Ju}tpnslnsenaasIpsrroc1\gcp:srsuBouuIoDlurarJupceu,1Az1llUlI\lrr1slo1nJrmroaerJa6IJsaplSpcs1d+xJeudrflu1+ae,Jonle,oa-uId'lpJ1plapndecsel7Jp1rsrartuloopl'ueJderelsoJScqsEr1urUnEsntNlzrqrrJr1rorpqnopanraor,.1J,qlerf1dlEsplecsudaezIJelrlnnIur,rpuBsJnoalq6uofJpelrs,rrcanrnouoEre_.rrqJ]rqalelJpruloaraozlpura;riI,pg,ItrpJrraill\IrnclpulaE.opJtnr1.,rgiLiluttpql0aopuoErr3lesodlc+udtrJra3qehnudprpeprppqroan,.ancreiplezlipl,iol:rr,eaaru"irafrt,;inirelpirlilrr.jrp"icnrie]ioeprpLlIrnrT;1rpi";r.ga)}l1l,!l
-adrur" npia rol Inlollns ui gr gfel ad npaunds nlr r rijlil;*r r?uirrilj_i ps
aozlnaq;lasrglduer*n-oplsrreeuror rInn:rlp$ls1ep6ta1neeeerfiru{rssnsrppulrlaaqspsnl u13o1J1rlta1paolglly:.eppon:iep.rir;orfirtriTcl
psnrlsrp rpe$llferp.rclinlrBrluqdcpplsJpi?JnSJJpBpris:olur'esudiqaae.rpaa61cSal-6pnsg' ,Eo,aA1u1oaaluq[sa5Il,u\Trlpp.arvpitI'cIpniLzutlnrioJu_JarIEsersluurppe,,dps_I:uj-ijganrzlp:gDs;
InIJBlep

erunr gI

PInSJoIOppJ,sIenquurepcl'aeudo"ri1elqir1'os1e1Jerqn6lulaprJpyJlIsnnlnu.rrEo]aJIJJarsLi ppesiosJupls'roinrLi:r]L:rpn;lrEll:rIrj;r,!,J.rpoJp
poe-'aaJsrSbrnl]uue+dp"ozupJuJ'lqRpuoliJ;eB3reraurirl'-qrosspo1a];sBaJee;ren6r1lrasdrlBnansel1alrrr6JyJp1rI3soJo'glIpeseisonAorOo{ee1n+1pufurieorrgai1Jquro4EuJo1Sdal.llanntSo1pJApnqBI,1anrnnrsczJpdrlrIal.s1tnprroJuilnulsr1€pzel8opirlurqsIdlpJopaerlupcJpl eulr?pplJrnls€cTzBplrugplor.tooutlpsnor.o.,su,\J-nrysaoJf-_,rlppsri'otlJeonpJsiIsnrrlpjnI-enXists-rrl.rgE.srscroioolruJoapruJpil\
rnedna1-aoS;lepuealusprpgrpncluBrltrlusoasnfrerond;dJdour'slrlrer,+ppnurrooro-.lrlrTeuLldpouaSleordpr1epJeup+errlrao1uopoor1rapl3J1oIJ3uae:l1rero1JciengndpiIrl{aJJnoo;uoroipuaulorJe]lrrppEro-suourlnlrotdrsJrroxrlnapl6orrJpsolEaioJnJJrCerrspniS'eadrl,noorn,eiru1lrlplosllrrnper1ziapurell,orlllri3pn*au4leefrsrI-iuoBp1ru6suaraIrry,rJrol,ruJf;rriu53qrBapfoelrbeSIsoaizagueIl3irrlnnn*llrer-l-iiaJrnatg'1g1drcpni,ruou'alul1aau1rorrlsrigalir:dairer1tpoe;rre{r1o,utJelp:l0nu;o;+o1eJ,irrrluirlu!aapATo{lrbelielpadsTg:u;qIpgnTprez,rop,{r_esnoL.E.\l:rll{,:pLr,.u.t]uiii-iioalltr]oluiinilr:pupprl}rl
-pL{ rniin t6 rrirp.icrrrrlrS rnun ea.reul'pnr purr1r6o1 e+JEOj g ...ajat-,;arJ
ea-E-rlFetblstAT11rE^lur:ercrroilJJoisrdr1lloisJprifnroueJpuc1lrodru)rrrrn$lC'esTIpnporinr{l-l'lop1rB1pq'usnp+rzotIlrpnp'n1eEsJrl1;eUugel1srdrT3zu3nrenpla1lpJ1eJc6^dJlpJeo:eslu-;o.cnrJi1rcetJapiu1le's,io0re:p,6cr:uOzrre-'a'J-oaierEppul{ceJqrlzaerprnpopdllcauqiluli6/ou,1IanzrIpssAl1q_ucenJi1sron,1ierluln*paoa,cuuouTrrceiuepsbs1asugzrrolr.ro3rci'ar^cqlrprla[;lr0srarL:riJ6u1rpTooiil,E,o}ir,ri3rn.dirriurrsl.;era,erri1ljgriirj-}irteainco.ilpairzi-ll,,r..et-li.iu.tc{_.irtipqrlr,:1r_:sl,,i

a--rslpa.,r*opnoJplrn'oorrslouurecodtgelrysrererrol,ounpoalaeulppojpJlodelnrqdrBoeu":re,ucrri;Eu3rlurl ljgr;sallipa'*l,liJJa#nlrJispi3IaVs"1.,roofflotTflier1sgEi"J-rrnollrietIsn-ajEJiTap'lu;LIt!

llterl;Ja inaiitiare ia incepntul carierei r:rilitai'e I $i Ferr:artte fu pritttre
primii ntir,rirliiorj. in Roma.
\LlatrnlrtorDar,t'tpap.tlLiccbliellaicctiieitrraiei gcAiloleacspusamo;:i,ectn1rirtiocclloaLrruezsaieoc1(ruIesictFeLbecedlllieuuriccal'oErhsaitver-ereiaeipl GiiSrouqnctczloiamgcUpaeJcitcii;eerrrciil;rr.
ir{ilapo l,i0il), ciocurriente care nL1 fttsesert"r folosite nici cle Greqoroliil-s,
lsloricnl qfrlrail al papilor. ArmaLele lui.Bourbon (r,dr al lui Fetlericc)
li aic mcr-aiirucahnitcrlualnt]ueiuliasl"droalirbcelerldortrgeecreurleaanicperiiFrrrc-lronrdnseltneirngi coltoriucl silrc
mantor';in, De
Rorria,
forrnit, arnbii cottanrlantl ii trirniser"ri, in utttaele irnpXralr-iltti, ordiue
cc unui fer-rciaiar creclincios si nu se opund in nici un chip Cesarniui
gi locotenenfilor lui, Scrisorile fuseserd concertate cu Federico insil9i
care le Ceruse ca sd aibi documente SCIise in mind pentlll aplralea
l1]urroiu.nL$rrieantietsuspoenrtuirn-mr1amtiro,crcpIi e6ai|oc6orp,lcCcl5loinnlibiarercerenalfeatrcemlocaceLrrcelmh, eidznuatelrttqisiecatctrjueFltuoera.nrlcenlsbeaefceregcltai9vgieilltopitLelptlrl,--
acest cipitan a} Bisericii refuzd trecerea prin domeniul mantovall, in-
chizinclu-i pasul cie la Curtatoiler comanclantului armatelor fiorentiue
Ciiovaniri cle' Meclici, zis Giovanni clalle Bande Nere. Acesl aspru sol-
clat, lltimul mare cdpitan al ILaliei, 1111 a\:ea decit clispret pentru. tiir'jrtll

marchiz cle NIantova, imbitrinit inainte de vreue cle viala lui ciesllit-

iritjatd, cndispcitadnriccaiireluui,ngvi rterdaclsindd1uu-9ptie,stpdeptrienciii.ncGluio-;v;iantinmi pnulll intre liilcr-
rele qi se sfilsi's,i

sitnnl luir.rror pdrerile Ce avea cleSpre tnarchizul cle N{antova. Acesra
se piinsese amarnic papei. Gdsise acum tnomeni.Lrl
sti se rdzbul:g...
Acelagi Federico in scrisori cdtre impdrat, pline de cele mai piate p'rtl-
testiri cle ficielitale, raporta tot ce fdcrise pentrti armatele itnneriale"
Confirminclu-i ajutoarele primite, Carol Quintul ii trimitea, o lunai ina-
irile de asediul gi jaful Romei, cele mai calcle mulfutniri.
Giovanni dalle Ilande Neie fusese riiuit cle moarte intr-o inci'.ierare
la Governolo : murise la N4antor-a, in bra{ele Areti-
cu lanschenelii \ienise sir-l rriziteze gi murillund ii clase
nului; Feclerico conclottierul
iertarea cregtineasci. Papa crezllse atuuci cb tlarchizui cle Nfatltoic,
al florentinilor, se rrei cleciile, in sfirEit, sr'r mealcJii
c,aie era;;i e1 cirpitan cllllr se zicea. chiar gi 1sabe1la, oricil
la rlzboi., de ,,inri;e-
ccn'tt]ccu'e,
ria15t" ar fi fost, creclea cd cinstea il obli-c;a sd iasir clin inacliut-tc :
Sigttor non /lolesse Con honaLsuo lecusor clc cctrnl-
r,/rens4r.'C Che't refuzit toluqi, pretextincl cii .rr expune .1Slfel l{an'ior:a
C(!re". Feclerico
la grcaznice pritnejdii. Papa, clin ce in ce nai slab cie voiltii, luri elrepl
jr1le sclzele marchizuiui gi-i iSsii iu pace. Zaclarnic Guicciarclini $i
Cilterii il inciemnau sii facii ce\ra care sit-i netnureascii nutlrele in liaiia
in toatir creptiniitatea. Trinclavui principe riispunse cd 1r"t poate portri
Si rdzl;oi clecit clacii viceregele spanioi il c1d rroie I Scrise intr-acle-r-iir

la
scrisoarea cerincl autorizarea, SCriSoale pe cale Luzio o calilicti ile
cctpo]Ovoro di grossolctna Iurberia. PinI sd-i vinii rilspunsttl, soarta se
implinise : hoardele imperiale, spaniole 9i lutheranL', intrasel:l in Roliia.
Cu clrept clrvint, clogele Andrea Gritti putu sltune oraton.rlui tnatlto-''an
N{alatesta cd ,,str"rpinul sin se fircuse quasi infcLtnc ltrin cluplicitatea 1i

lasitatea 1ui."

696

/69

p pzrqJrpJ^l 'aJollsptrps r.rpur lplu aIaJ urrd psurlpalr p_1paJi ps lllnqzl p
oJpf, 'pfipzuo3 rasEJ lpllJo-id p rallaqpsJ p plprJacllur
pJl]rlod 'rupnoJrrpul

loll-{oppspqurp alaupode: urp rS er pzeasolpp r-at elrJosrl3s utp saro-r a:)
a.lrrouiluas 'rorro1ue1,rl pzrriJJpur nrluad r{ergdrul _1o}soJp eanni{lo;e rs
lr--?1tafu1errcJ1rlgnrlsipc!lEuoparpilrlnepoulrairrlauIrilJopeEstuapognaC1p'J'aealpf^ziesopzrp,aulnpsoJlpnluplr-lnaoperssppIJeOfl,eeIrEoab.Jr1ren.1fr1l3oegunp1geSaillrinrrAlufpoiersxronppuuJrgo{uylrjporJfsa,prairirstnpnfut;,rorsrlrSeusr3aeJaoleJtlnailrtcpsrl
og'rs.uaelldlodJosuep€uetrNeo"rIrneue:par1Jlera1rzoracnLdsrui'r1rln1'lrlelnrr{gloncAlluclroi1slLnnr?coulferntlsrrroup}pJe,,Ep'l{,nrparzJrpaedl uiu-orfrui,, rLp:lrnol c1'Ei3aII:a'u1q1rpSstrliIr3Jsruel1l

i!nsit1 n.rluacl so.IoltTt orpul lpur Iail op o Lrpr\olirErli rliitlpis '1r 1e.ii:ci Ln1
p.)J€,\.iosluoi)
:uus lnuldRls ap e{eg ilfurpal:l o'i) rsrirl erl rllr lltzrr{J-iErir pl iier.;adrur
a--rlasJatclaeorClql'JLnaeu1cEldninIneeIrosta,irnrueolrlrnaeAcrr{ool*psIrIJplonoraIlernppaeslcqa*Jlrn;*aarn,lipcs,]Opirernorra4si-lepirplreiJy-plrrprpfalS;rscAapnk'1pJufoe$raAraldor"ll.cnIlropEtca'lli{oppp1gJ1u7Etr'S1rt-9oTp61TrlaaprpzreJuLolr,nlu"tzTrrlperlco?p-lzulJ^iaorJaap'lalledtprolaar-aslszr.r-lrrcungeqioolclt)iu-oridrosecspl1rpuluno3spll[s,Jue,ap-R..rTooroS"-erzDrr:]}rrrqooolprip[dss)]
zrr{JJprrr ad 'ro efuanprcl nJ 'olesupu1enleu'1i?ns1ruarinla6qpiosllpaJsrrrnJsi p'ootrl.rrnalpaEgI rl1 e

aorpsalr+up Rf,rlllod Erlou op Jnzp:\

aurq rS alerradurt olalur[-rp u1 uelrclgo'o]rrpr.ro{'Jrrrr rEur alolp:i'JrLLrru
a'epAoRluuTel ta{sanplre1R-rSedsaupnJnsup 1npn15 nJ 'n-ral os i aJ JOI l?Lrrlras Inzri{llpru
nJ
nplJ€ os JaJ}nET IIzaJuprJ pf, nrJlro.l 'e{tez
-rroD oJrJapad Inl rS rlunle RSaJpP as r* rolrrolrlp^qu p^irlcdrul ilol
acl notr urp pbuJrls pS lo];\ eDil'nrzr11 earcl gsul EIE'roiie]I pa1ppaqrl
€l pJseopur6 as gs grndacul r'rtfne1lnu1eelo-tcg[d'uErul r1o1Uqopr Irioopl nr reorrorop urr-rJp
purpas grnpRp rSi tuarlulr
RJ {n"r}sezilp gdn6

nrLJilnrrE]otrlarrlrJronop:o)pl.p,irerpnpuLiI:nu'urfeainrurrllosaJzJCrrrd'nTrr-zporsd"er.lreip3ra'qarpcrcluplt$lruosrur-Tton-LlpprIlsoIepI]rJ1p:ooelp1d,aiueosilonrpbirI:uin-l-unrrl1ltrptnul.ra{'i,e)reipcre\i:ree16g'-1Su'Sp1arn3r:'c11rSuinn3"t6lrl
-e!:rslpa[ErpIoo.lrol^nralrplurJrr6l'arprrSeuol l]u:ulren-lr:dIrgJlsor aluprpgp'or'1rla1t.6rt1oo11l1i1qepeclilelaerp:aLuirEa-ubputp.u{slpiodolsrgqarlrJspuoppIPJadJlp'EInlrnlon.uizlqrt-lr:.)i
; iorcl
o3 I'rJ lpp /rJrpet{ rrcipd r:resnJpJ r-aJ oTlrJiiziLri o l) -[oJls€ pLlnqz!-r as

otisliL{oolojlpv-rE'ECrruI o/}]El [arrc]ulso{.lnLruorrnu-rupnoplsIaz'oernla1nn1eu1i r3 o.rofin-rlsrp oll 0ieqsttrr.rit-1

ia t-icjiiEl-laciurr -ro1n[e orpru
1ra-'uur1iusrJrgrriPi4IU)ppgioJro-gOJal+sl)gp'ep,opsuoSJseopJrsrsorollraocociiJrJ,l'tnIrr.roiiP1:o*'clnnl'oJo3zu1parne'ored1rJlso{eru'rnqSle:tlrlo.j:osioSila1pntn]J?cJESl eoopP_psiruJoelJpil:lrrorr?llpspJefrpd)TpJoeoo,ccIra1I[liJdVlnas.p_atn\rlqiepis,I'enI-Earrge1li:da)qetlurp11.crl,;n1iuilnrenri]qpre:riroi:pecceullr-uuenroirc1rrsil
-rnri1rJn1Ie--prpsduors.rrie'tpapr:lllosdousrl€aIlsoocslrposlLIr'tJoofuseIlIgArnlrlorabrolr,ioTlJnliulrrllrpJJ'oplil)slpp1tpaaslorec:.\laapp
+Eirrruaifip oloJ]'rp Ts rzo3upr]ilue is
'raJuel4 plprlp
-rrci ulseolE uie Lt:i

Jrrrdue(odnepasqolsrunoJuprslpi-:ilJ)ollCoJ.oanlsr ga,sp;sonsJuoirJrrIrVJ
'TaIIaqpsI alalerJ rS orp 1?uprlelr pJol'lselul uJ rlrrr,\ op a1;ed punq O

ir5rt sir vaclii pe lir:t ei riclicat 1a ranqr:1 cie cluce' Respectatii 9i onoraiE
cle Carol Quintll, e a-,rut cinstca sii-i primr:ascd cle doud ori ca oaspeie
in casieiui c.le la h'"latrtova.
in polilica el, r-narchiza a icst;i ea nevoitit
sincerd;i consecyentii
sii jcar:e nncr,ri clul;1trl ioc- al 1!rr;lr-i.iui , s;i se Sciasiar lri-{'i:inalilil"i l\J-a
rlepd;it insii nicioiiat;i iinitele $i n',1 s-a fircut l.llefacir
orlioasE po-

le:ri:,,ii, ca soiui ;i fiul ci cil ttiir.l ii,

t:

is.i{)asenAirli-ra,;'ie{celie]6vaiizii,iiL,u:lrcni}rt!araerle, aecrllataeslsero,:iiniCecco;ristzpnee.aiai-ii,lcirint attir'tiite:h)iirsz;u;evni eil:craaibnsepi,1s]1iaa;enclllli'rtErsun+ipcciit1sLl;reiaaarl.erleija.-.
irs!;is ili nlr:i ea nl1 avea u.evoi3 sii Spcre ca s5-9i irnl:liiieelscl clatoi'ia
:7i sit falii ]3itreli:. 1i:r
tcr: ce:ri L, I-r:i1int1 in i.-reiniLrile cele nai qreie, catt:
inextiicabiie, dar gi calaslrofe, s-a artitat
iicliLccalr nu nunrai lncurcituli
firrd f carnii. Sui1e'rr-ri e i peilvins a tiecut i.riin tcate incerc;"rrjie,
irLli-rit {:ra se lase c'loborli ris 36i.r';,315iia ic 9i cbeirauimntal itomaatere1"iii:lin's.clrj;dci1ilieu., in
timpurjior gi-a r;iisil- n..irrrliierco in
;irI sii opereior clc artii, Si,nllir tlirectii,
ingimiale,:ri-a lrrrnat calea
'.-itreqia clreapiii,
r.ruziirii Fi in 9i firi ii
qea rlai nicir conteilplarea ei
fiirii
inchiptlir:e oli
ca nillic: si o zciltincine in idria ei. Sjirrlttcasii la minte Si la trLrp, echi-
ciriitolitirlrJ:ariri-iiicioirr.^i,e,riiacinaliiii,-'era],r!rirri.ll:oeenvi;ociiin-rfcrilui-ir.)-biriazrsqirebaloeliv,i eianassrcbtpdnr,ca'c.tturniilsciunifmtleetir'l,ioo;1raregeii, apriq 5i rre5nic
mizeriilor' si-a
chiar"cin,l im-

;.,rejtirilli [e e:lterio;rre phrcau cd o clrr-c sPrre pierzare, ]"Iai'nund ca epoca
cle oueiric in toale
iri, clentpir in toatir viata, cirealttii in iudccatX, piinii
1aprir:ie, Isabeiia cl'Esi.e le sd c.r::l 1l1r-t1 c::i mai striilucit cle iniilfimea
:ri ncirlcir:a femeii italiene Jin Rena;lere.

669

-I-Tilrli IS-o-ipl alerri5lrrs '-rclatipzal,r.;tf t? .:---t"cTJodns psprl i(ia!cajl rii ;i.iils
iLInrtrfrrllslil ir;lilpo,rlLri Es iiEITIq.o n]?,1o irluaslrolor 'nlt!\ DID;-L{ a:l rer:te_t ilil
IIrotjalEJ {iijor}tlJ oJtldp os Lls L)s,-si-rilip i'ir.uaurJe+ saialLir o': a-re?rr-rir}.o
o--r1nr-rd ri[l] tlsuI '(r:.reo ErI]rrl loErf1rrrl1qn,ycl c-i alpJ rlirlioilr-rv rnlntr:-,olsi
parorpd gcinit) git'l IS IiEI llrre rioe.r rni Inlu.lr.itlr.roci rir.; i:,rd

-Luof, 'Eluog rrTp rarlelnclccl Inlirlru!su3leE Lir ioclp l:_lspio-r ii lrr!,,atr.:jaT.
'iliritr\lr.J o1l eipLr|iolduil ei1'.pnr) .'DlsoLIoLI ,rrJlrJJLrt o E:)
]>-rl-9I-ir_,--ir,)1r,r
oo'iiollpl.)riIyeir-o)Js'1Lo.isr:zrooTc)lioiail;sr,irJol{Eit]:Dllat[IlDlstDidr;jtD'uirJA{rlnAiJ-uLIu":ll]npi.LruLIl.r):]EdA,u,,{1.Di?8ilI-\l-lf;ETrr!|o!Jps.ZrcoOplllee.IJnc,apJlrl,/,unn'i;les:U?as:uillIoreLfLrrl.ltrlp-':'slislCEa,ll}tirli}eplasiJ;luoZtolji_zl'.,o.;"r_r,SrDcEJljiuir:iirllf,ueitrr,ie.zj:ri:ej:li',.n.,l-i3_;toitibi1,lii
orusoJ ep PiEir ,,;oiotip+sp.l" u Esporirrs_i tjLirJgo rocl 'r:.;ccia ra:1" irlp
\;tleruot it|;rri etroisl n.Iluoci .io-rzi 'tuni,ta[G ri! ji',ltlrij'r i.ii :_..ir]il-.)
sor"ioL.rr-drl
-.i..fl irl.rJrr.rr,r.\.rJJ'rIltr 1ud-o.lil?ncJ liltrilTJs orlL,J 'j'.i r),,,. ,-,r':jrJ. u.i
Ini Ei.lOU i-Lr 'uutitili;loJ op lnrieu-ra} ejrlauIfttop LrI ',Jxzilirri ip i,'.,,: :-t1t
iluG:riz rl EiolsaSE :rninlier+.ll1l E6B"rp^ol ,i111c;ou I]ru?D '.;i.ini-a op E1+riroJ
elso L.r.r-i nunil:r1to:s'auorlijriru;,'1 un luSr]r:;li3 r! ']irlr;a;_r ?-i LliilJ €5t: i-. 1;l-11,)
3p lnruo 'inLruoJ,Iti3 PLru,lEostJ: c*aif:ilto;t .ilJ€il lEf '<t:..tr;;3i1.itt.: dI i,]*rrt
-oljj iillorliilu Ini.iilrr,-,-tatr 'DLtblii!!.to2 : Irais"rouc aiiinli iii'r i? i3r 'a,,i.iir.,: ail
InloruilU lnrOI ril'olellE +uils OIo:1 tr.ltiiLlLiaS er n-i1ti,:ri t1Oi. d,i!'I)r,,.i O
oloLlrnLi rs PJ olsS nuLi e-\o,l 'J pjp,i Lir rrr'a.ijE .]rL ,1lii ;nijis iil.:;o: i-i
i tro ii'tj glui -rriiliirr
ll ,:rili)lllllrl .)l) l'ijJitulltilS '-rpL:j.t I 11) 'ii; Atit.tU{lU , tSr,-,), | rr'.iii,i.,:ais

':.:, .. ,.5
pLLuiitulJl'fo-'irE"IrioiiI.aIrC.itl-r]LoiilreiliI)lJrsi-?-sirJs'tEi]uoDlp'i]lLsLili-isE'iiDl*!'n.Lgrie-:aiIrni'l-atLaricrL+-st tl:riill'iJ,1:,:,;,.,:il.:;u.:iJe::r,,
-o:l il JiIlnJloJ uJ pLrIrro"Ti ruoile,\ o : lulrirusrLteurn pilJl.ra)iJlii rr_r . , i] -,dL
?-quJ.ils ul o i:r uiir,rec{e ISpJ',,ospoi-ir1}-rJ.ioloio}TI BiJt-iiir"'snl-ii.iC:,.-,:'l
ItL{TLJTJO,SI pTSO-I[ixo ;-dnit '.;f-rri,r[e lerqt Eri 'pl Ln{e;cisrit o iul[ n.: i'.,31
-6eno6 Eriezol-rn:)'oiEJrJr-roifi ur -rsirlJ i,{ooiin,arfe-irru;tu iii:-,iirirrrit:.o:j
-a'qs:!;rTrctrlrLsr'oiotIiiJt'oTorlliaSaisaajinLLlitiirlcuirlplootpea-sl'puJuLrrLriipreiir.lrliiruoirieaiJ{.eii-c_Ll,r-rii!oailrr-.-rttl:loijn.loqeJiaj lslr.rlieroar"iilel:r}:.e'i;liauB.;ii.:l,li:-ipli_;ui,;,\.iar,1it;.r_l-i'r,;r,i!..:t:r..-rJrc1ll)
11i1aJ ln+licloJirJ ei rS pei-A,ra ip f nlnloJes irttlj.r-rJS ojtr.)t tr1t.ls,.rg i7; .-iu:rir
-ESOliiil € ij-i:ts':;rrel-rocliur IEllcs lo-i rrli pleoL e"rer LsrJ:l:i G ii,'.r.i;i.;.! a:.1
o:13-rj o9 1-.ep lalrrnro.lLir ]J,Ie oliarjgtr. rr.reliuiieg rr:iarn Ip r.o:al rjr, il

,,y.[.j,:j l.iii -,.1\1lri::r'l. i:lidi,i i,.r, .i

ENYZS&Hf?3 r*'lqE,E53

ErJJt V EJl"ted

tati nurlelc, de resllrj celor.lalte. In {ruiiiea acestor ,,femci als- 'Lrii.ltror"'
stau Jc colicsonc honcslc (cortesanct ori coriegicna fiincl trotlns,h irr rlo-
cnr.nentele scrise iu latinepte prin termenul curjcle, care itrs.:atttnij eci'-
Iagi lucrr-t). Dttpir ticesie,,cins'Lite curtezanc" vin alteic tlc rtlt raji(I rrld:
jos, rlerrritlite ,.cle kt ttiittor ,soria".' col-ic,so-1c ckt |unte ori clrt cumlcitt:
c1({1pcitir:lsoeiktbatine:ceerbr.icirlLiaecarzeeoFlcr:icloeccrlleeaon.r.lcficalteciirncaullauaslneilfuuictmllau1rim"n5e6aea9i)tae"epCmrcientailseitdesbri}mmoaegifitarei-iirrre1e:',slp'totooriecpllufaeiltac1fi,o:omsrc)liiii11ltorcilcic'coirio.,:;rrfisce:giiiscrlrnrilircto::iet:t
cnesli:, ar'-rslocrafra tireseriei. La \,'eneija, hiariu Sanuclo, il prefioar,eie,"
sale Dictrir, r'-orbegte intr-',ur 1oc cle \/cncr,itt, --'
scrie irorreliierul \,fatteo Bandelio, za lt;ui tleu:i:tiezi'rsoc;rrliuron'pseo.rta,,rA-ll
pcnl,r'r-t rrlo-
d un intinito nutnero cli puttanc, cfu'eglinrL,
craovtnnerielencRoesliaftcteariiR-cmccie,
Qltro\:e, chiatncLn con onesto yocobolo corti^

giane",

Fapt este c."r spre sfirqilul Qtiattroceutului, in plinf, rnigcare spir-i-
t-cuuaitcludarr.aer.RiEmespnterae;iutierncradiiu, u,ancpauiirduliibnoerrcealaulsqoditrecvileeiafRledem,nefariu:;imtiebureisir.eeilrer-eaz, eleanrltcaaocrdtuiegliiancnrpieilirpocrlerielarstrisre:i
cnfincaisstlemtirLlreui.trLiillleircuilentcesaacrlaheuitsifpneaerscigertlcieeudrgatueciczeqaaerfenaiecateii ,gfi,neotevmn,ieiifcsnttiidnrittteu"urie:"iiaec;cilsiaa,tteof9orlairttnibiuiaitrpuroecos!iiiiib,ciiltllialitsdacificidicelceaoesaettnunplteoltaiclrci-i'ii,
i-astri, (Jata s:i cornunice;tiinta ior. Ciasele inaite se foloseart ite iiirci
cle accste posibiiitiii pi in curfile prirciaie tinerele ltrit-tcipes': rii-ii-
elirzcai ru.rc"iq"liiiachfaiaiainicn;tireaceaatiLlci rinclacrrir,rcltctrariiei rpielustiinreearziiii,pcriuncinirp-ii-rf;iittr-crruarlesir-c,il.ailule-
r i1e 1ol pocLicc ori artisiice, epoca Rena;telii, CLtriile suui itts;i o
rrxceiriie, 9i puierea lor rle racliele, trebuie sii o recttnoatteinr se iniin-
clea ia Lut cerc clestnl de restrins. Ce se petrecea in cel.^laiie slraturi aie
socie liilii ? ,iit-tpir piirerea scrie isloricul Isirlolo Del Lungo {Lcl
tcrleonbnutitetiosirrasnetinIci tinnieim] /plinloats, cinjriipenolpooirr.;ri\iirnfaciitaas.ie!aieticrLnriijeicJclriiini aclsincitp'teicnninlas}rrl-ii,
ceea ce se pei-recea 1a Floren[a. Aco]o, pei.tl"ru c.1 cel,iif:nii oligarhiei
mai iriaite riimdseseri-r, in miiiocrtl splenclorilcr limair.isllr-rlui, lrrai ai€g
negustcri, fenieia fu pururea,;i rnai aies so{ie. ileijlor n€qusloii, feiiri'ic-
gosporlinii, harnicii, ingrijinclu-se mai nult cle ireburile casnice ilecii
de biblioiecS oli cle coLeclia cie :necla1ii.,."
Dacii f eneiie strdlucesc in Linele cur f i, care se iniimplii a ii
dintre ceic cu itlportanfii polilicl reclnsi, rolui lor in cele douii nrar
impor'Lante din ILalia, cea pontificaiir si cea veneliant:, aproape nu
r-neritii a ii ]nat in ccnsiclerare. Sub papii Reira;terii, nobil--le rorxalt€r,
oricil de cultivate ar li fost,;i erai-r deslnle, se fineau cleirarte cle strii-
luciriie pe care le juciecar.r cam pXgine ale cltrlii pontificale, Iin Ilitr-
ble:ra se plinqea rle lipsa femeilor iir jurul papei si se l.iucurii cinri

2a ,,vo\/ell1,'.1.rr1" ,\lolfeo Bcrnrlcllo a(1.s18c0ri-s15p6e2s;)r.c--20cOiludqeXnrucvlcinL'O, ir:di iucu..iircDicri'.iitrti'!cl.iri--
eoiscop dc Julietci, carc 5i-a qis;it Pt;riul in \r";,'l:'rrn
riior ;i gi p.vc)tca ,^ur-qen (I'ranfa) -a
prin:;d
1ui Rorneo 1i

Sholrr-spcnru.

7r10

I0t

lroap-.rIr'Ilr\f1u,]ans(Ialo.l'il))SruJoponzt(ul.Fi.ulBlli:llBgJlrIjfep'us:J{l{urrnlorrolo;loisr1ira.pgr,Ju\)'Sriilpe'Jariorlrclliroilllnfn,occilllcul .p,roJolineE}trr-iJrnie.otsl.riiSal l,ra1ui o1er1rc.rli,o^rj:.st'iip3oefisur:iae2iu.irtin.an[lanaru,leu|n1n+::ord15:ree1ls-rrrorit.1t;r,iil::,.or3r1:.;ii;
'o:IunLrilirtp ro]saJB p.rclnsp lrrT.'\t-rJ.:cl ,rnzorl rI o}pocl ourla-ry) .}IJID-i{1,)
p(lrriIi rr3 rrrulesc[ eolr'r ]jiit.it r)i t]p1/ qriEZallnf ,ESOIOlif{ 1lr
OaLprilpallrvosrosue,tloi)tuyll,"t,l',BJ1S]rirpr.Lrni)roMuit:tuuorfJi nrc.liiripr,ut rrsrii.ir.c)irsrZrsr'rnlorlirs,)sao,ruEnJ'11._t.rrOo:lii1ri,1l{ri]r!
1?rLrJlJI]

so[Ini]
lP-P--rp-'o'--o--'-rloopJtoleoeo|osalnluJJLO1L)lnrruu.ltElrrpozrJreJriqriIott'rnSlqop}n-pJr+olq€trrllJoaJlratp'LLlbppfupo"l:pnrnrr,llre)i-lrr1t)Jyproj1psonreuqeog{pelounrtalpfaai.soto:rorirlo1rrilfrr:L1i\elrlsr)nleIdulSLgxa{eIuJ]uou11Ds-cllnolplopRi'nl"serlrttului+o]L"1lJur[p1I.'seldqcLairrlmoi-erp1ofOru1roruuLr-oior.Paio3.J{s.neirnr0p-trprlt{rll:r'elrs^oedaror'lltero'Jopplpo:loolrrlrsleddprrsf'Dr'oterutt;rli.aqoi\ue?irpr!llln,1llcerJceunrtrlzJ,'rirebiaa'aTl.lenaor[,lacrr1ts,:r]eparg(llrarl-ifrrriirlS-o:-(-rtsrrso}riJ.r\oep-orpEozratror.D*JirurpniJrJouJ,tupsri-isrLrTaiarLEup-JEle,rLiartnE'c,qqi!lrsJr.zeI(urau+qr1riialle]iroelldroirsloli,r0ojr-r.!rlurr,alisJrlBiep_a]rri0r.3nirai3f,o\zzlPinlpJErlJqar,irpnfoitapol)esE6elo,uircrl-rloIIzuu.ei1.eAa-irnl1rllruIsana3erllirTnocou;Jrnonlal1iiitJtltlonrrrcLrclaOparrr)lcolcals:l]rli,eSsr'iilrr|p1ic,rliai)clnJlOs*lrar?oru;lg"lo,ulr,oLUllr,.r1sJo,oliTz'-JrlrIIerntreollepoJj:rel:rjlnrpc.tjl)ofo-jlllo'a\l]aea;Ll'.lurle,aslrlrurd,.il;leuli}J,rt)lu,ll].eo,nlpplrtprrpito1s-,crJlies;;r,ur1ulriu.aietipo-rpucli.r'sro,,aip{ul.)d,l,jt;.{pD:JorirDjrturE,o'oi.e3sro,pu]rLa'daoi\irerlrlrtrrs{sllsrli,lo,odlniuaisLpenr,iiaoJ?,'i,lriclri,ul-lr.r))1J_ruoqu,srrrlrprlroeir)ocro'joalnripoizrLDro,TrLzi.:ul11sroi.ilialr)n,oJr'"rr1ulufi]suerlr,J,o,i-l-lorriitiiirrpssrik)lJunr1i_soo-nilJr+p,eJtlo,,iElr'ltilrlo3spt.,irl.:s,o-sirl,,i)fiLl6l}_i.irrorit,pa...is,lir.r.iort/o,roiE:ra;_,;rL..ii.l,-r;lri,{r2rirrli'i.r.13;io,ilru?,se)r1(,rlpiie;i-rrr,((:.lzis,1i.{",rirfirti.l
e--p[-o'el-lte)puptjil'rodLearbtJJiJ-u[sislc'oorcJl!oErdl'l-soil)l-"iL:lu1)t.'ttlo:ls,it-o,na:r!eI]tL!ris-'iei\liril1'lt!Ouar.tBlro:t-o,irts)ieir]pf-oAnie'irlvl,i-LlIT,i.rriiot]ii.rnlcItenl]n.iJisoettli.Ilc;i')iSLuirolc!]-rlloierEif-tl:llailjri:ldorlrji:rr1ra?rl!errclro-!ql'Olrsilrr[Jlitr"_.incl'.Lprpt1ri-Ilai!flol':i,id13tsinJ,r;'l1oirreip.rrlioioTlrrpnzcll.ilsL)C.roeiolupriJ-frlotl-,lrlrll!l-ors,Llouirrr1noltoll1itreorep;Jalarii1r.;s,leior.rrt!i..t-cJtoli_c;,iiriirrrilIi-,s,prl])o-','LiLpli,,Lii.rslerljrLD)ryr;irtuirrr!rnjlilln1j,1ljeL.lpoiiTtpnlct;,.il,prl-\rcenn;1:ot-.u),jlr.eintDs,,sJi1.t'Iu,rlt1i_rslL,iliutlirriiuritiurlllriu!.lts:r.j:i-o.,;ri:l.ii:ui-irrr:rii1_jtI):irlii:i_iirirrr|Li:Lis1').a-]er.ui,r.L,ir1rr1lj;ri,t1Jirl1.rri;1rptJAro.lniiaro:"c-.J1)rL;..1,i.6.]iliiiclLt)re,Jresr1p.rci.ait,,lplr1ieiroiicllor,ra1)1-,jlspit',E'joj.t.rlc.er1rrlir,'i.odJlrraIrrcL,i_rre-.l{llo.re.:siliii:si!,clrnr.oi)l.n,rIl.T,,r,_c:ti,i.r1;lBrjf-tll-jril_1cDrrir.ro)i;ioprolrsipl:r1rrqtr,,,poJ1r.slifntr-ii_iri:ttr,,ierj.i\_liie;iii.t,.i1ul:oiii,liffriri-i,ri..t;1iorir\,.r,li:riici-:i.il;.;trLi,ir.ri.rlrl.!i.iill
'-rolrfeqrecl olr"rrLm.rliil ap 'rrcirr[rral] .roil-ruLr-i c;iiios r!
putrio:n1 'alrecl o ui nelui] el r-rnroll{[o oT]-Li:].r-\ rs er]ipe.r1 usa,iuiioir r-,,
olrotuoJ'neesclrl lri.r'porr;urosc ap'erjcir--,\ E-I'it1r,r1i)roilLtl rpl),a+-e_\rlir],1

rS IJr,ii?JSuul i]1nrri pe;ci ueeTlo"i1:et:ilrr..irin-qJsop.rlolrLirrplli-.rrurs_inpiterlricol +sr,D olt 1]aiitlii;
Itli p PlEliiltlllT llJl"Ir-J EoaiLrroll y rrotr.i
.icllo11olis1.ij.,rtr
i--i)3olo:T)Il-orltliO)l[pp1ltotuqfJessSca1llrrr.eri'rf;te\iult)llsuoePcJ1loiei;tcplcleo,.ri,irco!:irplrc'il\riJ]ruliUilslrlorll'Ju(Tl,llc'nlfl.qli!lripllS!-.a,iilicr-iSl)ilnD)p.iatrilri,,lr;stciEtililJlJSilEJLirJrpSilaisi,opr eliLior[iir.torj:!{usit-Lri.cntrtrJr;!.trli€)1!L;1L:r]itrir,toig;iirrl.,'':irli!itlli

",]1tejr1

rie leflerc c1i Clciiigitinc rJei,Scc,clo )iV'i caie cicveclesc glrac'lu1 rie {]ui-
igrii al acillot. le,ntei. C Carlilla Pisana, arirca 16i Fiiippo Strozzi, Fart',
i1Lcrtn-iliiccfclirqartnoecr;aaielzi:,ranij-:asecr,t,l.,i,!ic1iiir\ll,eyrtarntsurrTelEer.sirfl:iceill"aiiilcc.-czritie''erc.Jinrcaeid;grlrctt1jertislericl:gireiii;jspiiliolniilnictriici-irt,raii-r'ciOs-nere-anrnsSi,cc.trrdtrceoi,csg'.l'orrlLner-lririli.:ecliorriC.ers,LirlO1,reanpsioc'5.tii"-o,r''nerrt*iuennl;mieeaPlLleaineci)ltn-u;iCteit-Ilait'occLirrnli'lteoe'iS.'iii'riiCfaiais'iilll:l:te'fi"aieinle,,
LfossiIilrl's,rtcliatiii1ia:celr;-stieuuCele.n,ri:roi;S;i-asiill1iiilifcif.r.rrjr1::iitritl.i';'ifr1Liritiii;r,,teler,rcati:i:'.;utocz..$isritarei"L'l1l,:iiri;.1:iica,.ll,irticlrriui:,e-ut1t.atr:Cslai.i-au-i-o.ic,ci1i,irii-cr'jc;tciuea;i9aa1rraariiilils,tibe:srl:iciriiiv:iiili1tj.adae-cisii:olrcariinpaC;i-i-t'jrt,;iortar;iiiiltceeiutisiege'ac-eci'pz'eigasalCalrn1lai.olLn,it'.iiitlcr,eiirie'atlecell9;l.crzlEIiilechcilainasitcslifliatirliii'iRn"u,tci.rciiaOCi,iicitiiloUii:sllri'oltaaiiilc{ael1l,il";''slerncltIliiiSelc:itlei;i.eilSiclse-zilrulctrei,i.Cln1"ioitcC-.'dtlllcaaiietr-airer'lSetclertrlii"s;lsiirtlrieaci:ctie''i?iriI'e;ll'ii:i:"uris.ieirlielii-i::iclliei4rie*l-eac-ei-,l

rise prin toaiii E'.:.roPa" :

,, in aiiur-rirri, f ic birbalii de oriic Ianci. e cea ti':.ai plEcutiL tovirri::!t-., t illci
r u or'i;icinc ;i si t-lca iieciruia ce se cuvine. E foarte plicuti'
;tie sil -se p.iiile r('llLrcc la clat rSsouir:;utiit:, ori des]lre ce s-ar vorbi. $tie foartc
afabili, age;:ir;i
bi,rc italictrcste; dircii c impunsd sii nu crccieii cd-li pierde cumpltL-t1 ;i cti-i lipsesc
cuvinicle cu cal-e sii i:nputlgE 1er rirlclul ei pe cel 6g r) 6tingJc: fiinclcii e iriu$citoare
tle limbd 5i nu se spcrle clc nimeni, cid krvituri cri orbu1" (Norrcl'e, I1, 51).

Portreteie iie cuitezane ahundd in Rancleilo' laLd a11.6 curtezanil
ret.sncSro,ere,l"iaruraasiniteCle'!e,ayi'aiarncjm1ndr:itielaeou,eaat"oCii.cr,l-le1*alfac1i,o,tle-eirpiajitiCn:riiar:-i-cin.:c,.r.t1-saalt':n-itca:eliu,clinsleeitileieieliccSarcilctcuilar,iirelnus-etret'riCrcro.rcait-otrieolettSraei:elesl5eticoef,crmlir:l-ue:teril1rl,$a,r,nl(iDeiri:butn.feaaSdsldSlseenc;Iit,eticioaetocalevilartlZeielspnFliaaluc'e,ic:)ilit'm,-LiaC,tc'.llcc'laorelofiLraitrel{r.:e'artrLiesgnp1lisiaiStliedoiittLruc.le'I.ntorolrliia(:cr1!!ribaim.eoturirn-inipislcileeiucaces,rrcladetitpab5iii!ce"tnail,,xll.l.eia}irlin:rrs5r'tcr'zmri--acrih'cilrssiilae'5nee--
lltlrile cri L!rt. l)c.{at lfentilorn niilarerz. Laricie iilfiniie aCuce Areiino
a:liceloi hli -.'erreiielile, ullei AncJela Zaffetta, unei Zufolina, pentr:t

iarnecul cor.,'c.rsaliei gi purtiiriie lor sir.{noriale,
Rn\crctooirrrrlfinblc€aair1tircetcliclsie:i1,n:,ial.itcltuc-gtma,;R:at'eiizo3iia'tFot(:S,aiil-liJlsi$a,.tltirrr;elilrr,nniilriuliitlFliiVel,olni:eoru9n3mce-iseldaeiarrn\'irnrbeL1aleaitselaapaVctrlleleeorndllaoeidrfniaiieai9-tl;oipdcairueientmetiLi:caliptainirSniiti;czrt.lfai'eri,liienrlfiuiii5llrlxua5iemjdriaaoeiFi,;titrrlloc'aalatr,:ii
cili aveall trel,ruri 1a Curie. E de nota'L cd numdrui,,cultezanelor
oltest€i' era ulai mare la Roma ca oriunde: acolo Se f6cea aderrdrata
1or consacrare, se qdseau la Rotla curtezane Yenite din toate pSrfile
lI;.riioiaorlneeietne"gizrr;euiieruzcv:,iehlugniaseirtlcrieceielnesientau, liaeguelrtoeerlranioea: rnlealetra;reateussp:efaleonsrriaieomnlevlte,einasfeluati'1toSm1baioilniagdnaOeet,erztfeers,aninsncifaaaepczoc5eIl,ietuaJcnn:arae.s'ctca-hpegiiali"eu-r

742

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'nuieprai-lrnJ'rpnllnunrlodpnTdJuopsJar:Jrrgr-sore,rJ,ll1u1ulBp3srnIrl3ae?1rapupggqrJrnqloJ"'dsel{puuano1llrp1llqrrnp6aJrga,asroaollpBr['lJauDIu,OasroBs1nAs,seordrrt1aafnoraulpcssrryur1lnarunalapnrlps1uJgpnosap;ad3eltg,prlenprlI1rp.JlrleuoE.o1ua:pI-le^rrslraoaJss1laqpaadrr^luulJxpenesaIroSz1rualroa]qroEuu3lJqonanulasepuuiplrJr:ialpdlopl.}siRlaurp1l^en]eAooJuJrlJdafsafise,,s_a;nLsqreosLpo1saira,eolaBuluarcTirearou.per1lraod,icr,pluuul ceJappetpzs1rli
'l1paon''rJ1ar]Jeliydpp^olnauerriJrplol1pIJtnnrSr;uuiurdoqnTr1ps:'uenlaJus'r;uusroefnopp1spoo,uze'o,'alrpr1p,erita7oo3rofuu1u1ellloefrrssaaanupzqb6usJ0eullooonlaol/o^pnlpolsrnJu0lJaeru0r,rolo:oE0pelpadlorsul0+;oaua0pIppunpAepzsruuzaJo:orpelpsEllplrgJlnrirnauNnnJaolpqt:ri,a.e,Jlr_,Ieo-peJnrrlollrse]c:nu1ulsodil1o*,loe_do3ncpraracJoJaf,llanp,;ru0o...uleorr:JroEuatr1eslBrp1r"o1a3li$tesrG,p'lnrrrnuiTenaJJ1tadlosn;au.enlo.1+ala:nlueuuoua1uereJoenuszpBllrazeoe|lUtruoctnyiuacaulnolbllqtnl1JreslTril$JaiJpIo3urraIi,pr;no1prp"lrpnrhVJp1n1uurEr*snnrrrgrl3pdnn"ooeIluru4TpI:j
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-u'-utGuLzra.rl1lq.crrr,.J6loliei)lpoJo-lpsrpJuELpc'.IricrJudolJrl-rlnn'leuiAosurl.rlr"oonrdpUluJBrJl?Io,e3}cprpt[f,Jloso]so1enop.r-srn:Jpgi1dSuluitfnuo,oipo_supdiurrsigecsutsuao-o,ro,rdgpr,onorol*un'rle[rpni1,izoa1aou.sorpevnroejsJl,icpi,1t"cTo1'tinpore,nsrj+ppo'sti1,ioren+irugrHrSioncapobi;Jeiu'qiersequoesrlcorlrsnLiqusrrrrafpuepsqr
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locuitori. Ca li la Roina, cele de 1a \reuelia ct"a'.t c1c dir-etse pror-etri-
errfe gi dirrerse calegorii. $i aci erall numeroa,le ,,corligictne one,slc",
adicd din ciasa superioarii. \,'enelienii, oam:rrj practici, fict-iserii cala-
loguri 6Eisttuericfucnlo)esnctul-tLruniirlCcsantcirrleoagctsd'LiritiuntitjcorJie'izpir'LiraLicoipriaal ei trip'riiiitinhi:oirloLorrraltiiet
laguni,
ccttticliane cli't'cncticL, conpilat gi pul-rlicat c1e rur arutre A. C.: coll-
fine numele luluror acestor persoane, locitil'ia;i pre[u1 fiivorurilor.
E cledicat alla nolto nteignilica c corfe,se slgnora Littia Azalina, pritt-
cil"ressa di ttttte le corttgitLne veneljctnc; prelltl aces'.ei 1;rincipese era
tle 25 gJalbeni. E asemenea cle notat Ia'l'arjlfa ciellc puttcL.r'?e, care con-
itnine15c3a5mtoatcienleVaseiirienfdiaic,aE{isiteutiiuleaacel ifaoplictsimlicpreocsca1rieErrecrtcl;JaLrtean\1''ore, atipsbiirfilieit
sFai tiarmicioi,reazqiiroerileio.lrt"a.tiiScuunlvaemrsiunrtiiiiemcplecirgivsar{salnccirloorra,r,i{aciranoparsicntcrieoamcenlee
rriai ilustre Camiila Grifio, frumoasii gi l;oc;atih, care slirSe;te ca sofia
r-rnr,ii ncbii lene[ian Anclrea iviicliie] ; Gir,riia Lolnbarilo, lle care Sanuclo
o nurnegtc utereirice stttnptuosct; Rianca Saraton, la Ballarina, Anqela
dcl N'ioro, zisti 1a Zaffetta, arrica lui Arctino gi a LrLi Tiziano; Anqela
Sairri, la Zuiol.ina, ;i citc alteir:. i'rioiltaicl,re,,,, r,{:ltnc1 ia \,'eneiia car.;'c
1530, se simLe obligaL sir cunoasci gi e1 cilrLezaneic care ilustraserir
Serenissiura : r.,iziteazir astfel pe faimoasei \uteronica Francc, poetesa
onoratd c1e proprir:l siir-i siiverar. Prjntre cele sonrpl.uoale, care traiau
ca acle\rArate ltrincipese gi finearl cerc, Nlonta-igue ntLmirrii vreo 150.
l'ot c1 ne tjllune cii corrrrersalia lor costa tot atlt ca Si }a negocicttiott

cnlibre.

-"eneSfeia.duBsraensteomine,toinalVii jEeudreospaDar-mecsstegacbtlaunnteesi ,traaltirirurriiiac.cIuorletinzadnrdelfor:ranla-
cezd de bunh familie, auzincl c1e viafa c1e la Veneiia, ar li exclamat
r.nei ar.nicc'. ,p,lIretrlal,cs t/tresi norts eu,lsjons fcLit portcr tout notrc vaillant
cn cc licu-id cle banclue, el gue nous v fu,ssjon,s pour Iaire
cr:tte t'ic courti,scLncsque, pluisantc et hcreu,se, a icLqtteJle toute cutre
Jrir ,scLror.rr:t oppt'ocher, quancl bie n serjons ern/rcriercs cle tout lc
"rr'1oi.iclc... $i llrantoile adauqir i ,,et (le falt, je croi tlue celles qtti

r cuicnl iairc ccllc r.ic, lrc 7;ert',.enl clre -i'trieur qu,,: lii".
Curtezlncic rnari, cele ce a\.eau preten{ii cle stuclii umanjstice,
it\-eau cil priniii g1i'ijii s6-;i ia, in locul nurnelui ior cTlue lliirio, teVzir,g1in:reiia,
\,ulgar, rill numc <.le rizboi care sir sune frurlos, Ciie
Ortensii, Luclefii, Carnille, Diane, Faustine, Beatrice, Cinevre. Cea
{tr$dntc1riaa,ee1in5):irrtl.urinn.TisienrularianldlsilnealcilJnevriginsu'A,dc1r,t.naclccallJa,ltaeoisrneetaotrlonaa_tn,tu_earglri$icLiiliruienrcgnuraaaefltizddrimi)arb,iuiuLPllitueaocnnurrziieeciaazii l,iu-tadpr,aopidsteoelrtsiruzczefeiiicectnrlecitralcieorlnemd1fccaaditn,vR,aIcitro.linerinpAcraeneitrggMiaceae"ali5.aa-

'cstc :: .\lichcJ {It iir,o\tn}rullmeiqctuletcl{c15c3c3i-c-ini;r9a2i )inscrsnrir:aritietoar,lciiioUsmoaf rliisiluuiiluain"isf,i{nfrcalrrcclc.Oz/c- --
,,unul cliulru
ico, op. cll., p. :i12).
In l-:scrtrj (15$i)1, tra,luse in iirnba romAiri de MarleL'rr S':u,lcscu, Iiditura gtiin-
Jificd, IiucurgSii, 1{171, r:l rezurni gi exprimi erperienfa Umanisnului din secolul
al XVI-iea, ccnsidrxirrd omul ca parte a naturii ;i Natura -- ca izvor aI puterii
i1 a1 in{clepi:iu-lii.

7{J4

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