Antoniade, COnstantin - Opere

E0s

'I-l-nlBpsinuoauBrrlnosorllu€nlleprgpJolu'l'or1orplrzJEagtorpo$uontr.1lldzcelaAB1preullrru31nnypasoDlrprn."finruzit";ropdarael1e'Bduuxlooc-is;sulfnltrraBadg-gi1S,n.tr1poruaJra.l,lHIr,UauluIpnn.n1Idl1jxa1,olB,.rrrrar"pSrrrparIurnJpii6iolaua,lcpB"o,i,!al,?1upro-nr1"rr?draSreI1cp(3,1,*apn3311|-ss.i.1:arjru:l,

ol-oDlsliradaewarlDInrlozuno.rryJll;nSloul.r!gera.rpprlupggr6llIul1u;nru'ocat1tso1inlarto6psob7Itnoataculiaranuulucnl{ansrw-BIosll-ulrtrSD,Lrpa,;qJrclypr,ty'uju-"i1)p13a,)rrDJgolt:lpDlJraprlrro)usanol rlpr/nl,.le;oesalrrgpuu;r6p

ps pJpJ rrseoollerqllnouurllruorrJapIasAB-arroBlsJasrJrpu pJsBlnJlsrroJal ps lodp plnp3 aaupl
-rrplsrrr irlp+ailnJ 1e ri1e.r6o1
Illlolnlp t1J 'ri
-'oepBarJreuuscpapluoaurlpdJnlsqnIunzalrlpllsparlrJsuaoepaJDodleaAoruucenl;T'aI'raprRfJselerrooaelJldpssuJaSreoal1uclarlsrpr6pSlloJgRuldrnnarupul lluourlpoaprJ6uunnlpJutaRl1JreSel'railgerlsnlaeeutluusurrenq1ruporoIaIzInlolauqppooasouJo]roirurJard1gs3
as PiPpq I seroord un 'ariua^ep o a1a6nJ ps amqoJ:l i3 'alBzrlerteds
a-o'urfpJ1,nuoI6roJrBJanlolunlcrJnSgaJl1euoacp1lr'oJaronJleLpruIJJJlnrRIulaqJroSooAllaazapapldpll.aoaJIusnursoqarJJnrlruJrnrlpJiupnIRl'ulslnnBopzot lJplnos^Jsaurt-prlrJnvuaJlJJp'anlIrrleleauolplrrrruaIeal1oJxaueu6r,nnr\ rJiiiruaepntlpTlololotadbs1
nu Balurur pJ nrluod 'alpldaJpul laJlsp rafuaFrlalur Ip purpas ap rpur
1€0J) II'pItllJlnnuilnJarplaJ}ls1aIa+lspoaJoelstroaJJlanl'lurlonalgn6opr'nslo-arsa1uJpepdaat'cpeldla'leubronsurprlrouaJaa.rldsaaJ'oxerrlJarl'pSplloalob;psncraSrrraauJoaplraJenortfr,'

1o1
oo':nrlrdesJeal1otlnpux6alrrepe1a1rusBrSaIpsra'Jul'uarpfrrrfslprsdoseelsJeelsppepJfo]lusJuaeu6oneurdaleBlupluonlrr]ulro'ralulJ$Jrpap'soaugrrJrr6anolEl3exauo']rnpTl]rprriAuiarru.n]l3ral plruJoa1Jl]oaBpllralrucaparleql;oloeasd:eep1rradadun6nnnssruoB{
e--'rral-oerrpsrl'uur'Irurprroeolur1ulo3nr?lrunSonduJirfnlogslurilprnascurgnnL6grlip1arosleasrrap\Bils'rurrr.stuTlaqnJi'zraefIc:IIaeeeruupero'eroa{e,rlrsrlre6aelurirlnopolulal?Irrn6dlllu'oo'ogJ:::r1ul;soaousldopoualilr^t;eufrdJuiuooinlba-rrpliuleasrlnlnuIqStl
-ads tS arplrllln igunrfce a1e rfgtapnfard op altrrpgurgr6u_r qns 'ppurrcl
ps narb ap a II ]Il l3 gfurtlSuor ap efer,t arJ 'puJalxa ealp+rlpor orJ
-qpc^sBtouuvnJ'IpRlsrapaInJAluJp^uVlJ'aelaplMulpruugpltpSrnrsuaslrudeurrai l4ails'aIIialuIn^rzenrulraalqlolJrda'pi lnz

a--r'rpnaJnlAeopJloIcJlEardu1p'rII1oIonJ3slaPIra1prso;ousrlaaafprrTrl$aIaJe;olprR'spnguoJlulIecnaIJliqJepaolauus:nlruIeeppolprrJliIIepnU'1raJlpeppu'u6tarraIf"rSneq,ral3priplnuJerp!srJaolpla-luara'rulpnupllopqltnplaaJJurauo-errnlsoloedoplisluaslsrlrusulr'JoappoIrolJfals,InorllupassrBoan"palJuIleJIpueroppIl3nJosptnrulupaaurRnrduplarpeluneplgo-uolerrzstlrzs6zatraarsnrlasrreollccge6sJl
as nu arnolDan naunfinyot"g 'a1e1dopp rlapolaru arferb 'erellonzap ro1
eurllln e1 epbueJoc-ir1aus1nparllurinrspIsnlnauJ€slJuous1b'rpatqileal1eIparuipluoaIJrouspopluryn1o allapl IDV

'alelrTusJ gzealrq:s

o''-paorlIrnaIeJJldssueaqIpogaraceruauaEcrunopnpJuodrIJs$slpuapcrtllesp'IpoISI^dqlBalallJpJsIBrrnonpJucBPaotutltSraRaarlzqrnEuonareIdfunlnrrouuaJrlqaoaoJsrIucBnloIBus'eI6fJq,reBard8opsl''etraaaetr61dnonNlP!oeut1q'oRiridlquptor;naordu3s

ieuvmezxsinbiegttuerfcaaitaeigcourat6enisasbmcaasiniouimamddctebeeaupnorrlutlainennslig[.dpciCaiansafctirinrmeaoedaingintqdeinfioisinuirdteiigeiln19isvnritoncaesreoieb,sanpaXclaienirdxsauoteuteeibtr,adcisoletietenaistvSarcueSoiirnee,maiirtnpededuuaunepreopeamctueuoprinumiiintpepfatuimrer-rnceouopennarstiriqcenat.ardriiiceCneeefienidsceied5a'i
puncte imobile, de pozifiuni in care miqcarea s-ar putea opri, cu care

in zadar incercdm in urm5 sb reconstituin originalitatea vie a mi;-
ciirii I cu pozi{iunile imobile uu putem pricepe mobiiitatea, Aceiagi
lucrli va fi gi cu viafa. inteligenfa noastrd spafia1d, obi$nuitd cu so-
lgideeoime,eteiicienc, aapcalebvildl6rasta5-nliartueprdreazinvtieefdiiin, tsr-eomdanitfdic,anreuma ap.irocftutnludd:nianilmeiqe'i
csnX6arfpiiieriecaevaoaplucXteirsvrteieai.alaP?riondVuiinastdfraed,geiomveriae, |a5elaiti,ancteacrumerseuuslltteemvnoaulimutfraiaei siute6ni,,atcrsalplmnesctcv, eaoldpeeumtedaae-
toate pEr:file intelectul nostru. Cu procecleele lnteiectualiste care iz'
bu'resc i1 stucliul materiei, nu vom reugi niciodatd sd pricepem viafa'
Inccmcnoedltmimeemaiaiapg;ilirineedisnttnmaeuftatlabei5gssl,ige,gtaAenednovlnidlmendla.rendAct;ruicimncaresdliac5julsoaatltucrr5eeurvtinlrsoede?-iberbaiuMufifcieldioulpigcz,gecuietoantatratt9erneruaeieaanbaeuucrnvelcofooaliezalsuiustftataatlirvtcdsleduudmcvlntfoafiinufengiolc5eiaesn,ptnpfrdtdueoeecacapuulcsSuttatddsrres,eidins-iinlldnotnngufuoaiiie---i'
ltPiianvrtgienca;uurcarsumdueealrlr'ee5evr,vaotatolduttlraiemebiveuigteoiifdsisia.idNiinnaittcsruiietsitgtuidvinmmdainondeatienlevlicgainlelcmanefjuralcai6a$rimislaedigstcpinfadetrteleruslaedncdetiiueniamtirlndistm;etieriioradearaedrdlqi-.ai
ncCcs5uueattr1]eSpgeeiamcfnuiullteorrrasiueovucafiiS-aeiaplfctariteaicnsvveuoeuppldueraefaimroiitznanebitasxeutttrdeetiiartr:i.ieog$aiaitriianaeinpefiriauiatcsec,aur;itpanrvntaraiueesvbuteiiuepi irfcnpaiilrte.ioenAcmid,ecidnerrae9ulaer,reqlaeiincfslduodterscgntremu-ixanepl-nlaiasctjtuaaffnr5r5see--
lvldd.fuSautiiieni*"evsmuiii.tiict'es"trlrilnPmiuilesratraebteuieiimzlgunxlilmutttitiaain"e-enltitrfanecaneicotcarhtoldlteaefititrsirfrdaeiiaoesvccpit.rinciuetadieaaciAscrleerl,i.ctecaoaaireec,rnerrastxebiseltepaeirdetilitrailssliciaivn,ttaniernctaeruiradeaopcmt,pudXlaipisreufmraeedifcnrirciecidvcniaeteuoel5ipled-nresnlpelitodueempcvnreoeceiovuncraaicnutiiiienenmdsnpsdueiioivftissinievatrittadiiieesnddtmutseeeurienfaa.aeai,dalliininiilctlntVutaafo6idcimttadfhueeinsugiin'asaitaerEeteldasuio,txzi'rasba5tndcettideoeeur;eluacimuovidt'msldeauuudrIlresoanenedaert-t''
.istgtpttiaeaaae1iinoegiii"cctpiu"oe.ilreiingnidpi'mepifrrtiieett"dii"delc,npe"rt.lraniisol"dsAeudcieiulElniulnvpicdaucitile,etcdivaggtrtre;eieueiider,nnrmumaidAea.cniarinmel$nuaiiatsflaii5tnamts,td,defusaceeovanphrua,ltmiriSleasdaniunrebeiicslnitielianelcdodulpciemrvo_inllouiaiparce.smedtirdaedgnueibntiavndanrituelueeivatgcslmpaoineecaltiiaatemntaerditeieaSerrciueles.1dicnpaat,Neaerlliiuoiznzlutiencuddna.dltitpti,ieleevDlleuuo,in,tdaiprenedratcmlifdaen-ddeeilancdpecscudecuaudsitevne9uotinteidnngunusudutadtnaLedpaidealnfrnuiei-i--',-i;

304

908 c: Eleo;' r:. -:)

a-a'-utToorapellruloeoirlrrouqaualplrJarIopn;ps:rapupdaasJssrlltspulilJlJl-puisioooe'aJp^rls1roalreprpou1€JsrJ1nII1JeJ'1luppJuu1up,l6rpB'uoIapzolIauRsafJnlusEp*llrep-rr-liqrlairocJrp}^nnz'pausproAplrulrrrprdd:prIsnlaSuarIooslldaAlararrpalrJJnBo+uacJed1pnSasterr1'ld;rpdpileJra-aauprs1IlJr'rnfaeag1pouluEroAlraeroneduJol rrui6EeenuaI*3oeasopsf,leltsur4orurDrpJll
'alacul nes o1$nrq 'alEnprnrpur airunr{err€A ulp runc plpte ou alg 'atpur
-JiJp plseoJe iralpJ gs tsa{pldelpul ,ori '}?1ull13 u1 sndruy ne-s erpl ,o}
--'-psueiltriuuJlsr-rlgalcScrlJiuEspouoeJJlsJ:aa'laJrordpplsrqraa.ulprarortae1rl+13JJseeBaT;pp+E'eeJolrau'l3eplluJlle1uEaaluularprlauplueoon-liinu{operaaupl.nrcJld'''lalu'eeuafnpuzrraf'ruerl$daleu.utdoueirl etrso e{e1,r pl.

nr alSoSglriicl

inlnlnJarl por
au efern

ftz'cl
'a)ttJD?tJ uotln:rcA.fl!7J,,'ealelluroJlxa :IIJop atrSanud nu DrlButoleur
neo-nparsr'lauellDeS1z*reJaaolnrtucrrrrnllcltpui a'luru:rIpanoltlusnruelsnefJullanrlI,uSlri:nBol uBennfuprJll"olpSao'a.arulrsnarauJrenFnpur)arrrplntJru;plaouJdJnLl'oppus1apgtescJ:lnrlslpdonuepragpslserra3rrnlfnaseulrop1fnuJilEnreylpJ'apll.erJrfuonnn1p:l
-oAo o eluazardar rualnd err nu cku11 eauauasp un nJ 'luarrrour af,arl pl
elSerror rS arpour alBJ arrrnl o '1uaza.rd crrrurS,ap,ltaJ[IJnuooJlsa,plipaafurrprll*eJBnapr[nrTr!
',,1n1uozard nc droo aJpJ InlnJaJl alpJ
pnp-pn'goau+zlfJuplurppiogpsopp'].aoesrrsoleJrraoarnfconJr,-Jprls{niaeuupaqs-eluruoc'o6iarplusrplfrpr'oao,l{trlJnllIairSsoJsoalJrapzlJdupgaa1JazJapnlcnea+uauglporsorluraog'pcaao-cgJr'd:lrllrperaoournoeifeaAl1gpsnpJleeJlu]aatnaloeaaolueJrrr,rurBRal:uirure-aroc31rSl'uul1uenpaereJtu-e+rlrl}perrduaulrnreenossJrosfuduueBaprsaoaarIlrlaeealsup}1lrJ}"1aJtsJS\,Jtt.ut'aurr,+arpan,an"pr'drpdr"allrssraJdzor:e,1rasa*l^pSorr"jx,fduarururTap'JJrrnuprs]JJpol1eaaS;ul6.lsln-rluepuue[porlganetus:4rrupea:flnnrHleisez.rpurcfuolueenirclpllrue*nnl\1fiu"rd*]ulalulauaiur-0ocrnl-r,ulnrliSrn1ss){rl
oe-a-allar;no1eoruJuarprl1s6lourrnrp'nfoeirlolJrcssrrerJtuolppdlqaxanorsauluslgraoo1oelJprllsaplsJdlaeudqrru1raan6rllrosorrruf1r,uiroJTri1Jrnrqaqsllplnafzupqrurur^rilusryerIIrlldue'ruelorJplf6lanparl1loptoJap.lnrrpuag^urlspr:'lpldaaupJJorupoppJltJ^prrriuaSpJuipnprI,{pVnbpJLlln-noro.rrupsJppoladrJerzrn:pbrrqrJaoeourF-rrelrdaenlunllrpu3lessrrerrlru{urnp6iBe1zlan.faoqilpp;u,ulo1eJrr
-orluallldauJtpsJ+ur1lanprlRsrJ6UaJpr Eurnptsurqpf,zsanpplolosaaprpAaBJeal1ru3arrrlge-rq1uerlpu'anrJiJuSarprIuialnsiaiJnrdl
er'eSJ1o31aelsun1;r;ctSregqaauulis1luar'perJlaef'luluurnralSlzpenrruodoerip1gJoool6ls*uaonb[ueonrl'opar1Jd3peoluasJorJrsrnro'aJraiSp{uaarrarptt.rrrp1In1p}nnlpfc,rhano-qr3l
'.\]1JE

.lllal.\

.pzeaJ

lI'--p-SeesunrrlarrrpsBloaJslllrJappenarrol,pnrup,+u'JrIps^ulJrrnearJaeIoranurJulqldrpnnBaJorrlOuf]dpuuJuaIpnnncn'uBrlnnearRlslscJllsEtprpaaanzsaAJruul'ppnlpupunau6nrllslrArepofprulrderafui{,uniprBe'ldanrl6Brlsr-prlo€raorrlp1u^c.I'orrJrdpnut1nulunJpiurnqIuBBrflop,aJ}uutnlupnpr1paulp:BIJsliarnJuplelnpppl'JoJspolr+slrapprupulIslrsonll-laorrzrqnprlarrpqJ{IraBnaall'lJla1;l]penlIlJrrnlpprees,ruaJr1irRqroetfaolofer,arBLrll1aerlCaeancpp1"ll
-rrauepunJ olafupual urp Eun pRsJalplprJpl'aepllqepurJrfenncul l,reBrufrruar;anpuo,rpoppfgt1rra1l
-BnpIAIpur J]leurolnp errlde os

pcordeorarlitdiuidnneeecccolleinsccaeoppnattriuniliuiudene, eteocvtrooalnurofieleox,gisinctudam, ianagtiraec9is5pated-ocmtiiilfuoin_dfnileiaa-calieumsntepfeullotegdaiecddvees9--i
hiInietarceteotnacctcruelelt.sinC-avhreianprfeiutirnneceaecaeinafotsrtr-dmunceoldonorcmevpietfanieiiu,en.auObsvrtiorcamectp,pouinzteiflaioucntdesgf,da. dr9nueilpuoeartir,gei-lniamacd--
nuJoi ttur.sformist se impune filosofiei, precum afirmarea dogmaiic6
traVnsiafolarmnisrml nueiuiapsaeriemipaunoe gtiinfei'
a abstractiune, ca o rubricd- sub care adu-

n5m toate fiintele vii, ci ca un curent vizibii, care a luat naqtere in
!aldlmgie5tnierad,urnpsiimeszeuritorar,eraddd'l1fmuibdecocdoreredi.tmniinNsnsedduiagnm"nieicn,pteno,itianaenrcrpi.rca"aunaldlVrnigueiluiine,acmfismaolape-npaietctpeeedusslcdeinttavdeicnirdzteaceeafcdolteaecratsoil-rnetpaantcagrsseoutrpaiirirl,nagiieapttbanSieunaut,clinucziiimnreaiie.citpta,dls,prtAeopeifvcrne-reutc;,resEiiifnntriobnidscrsiiomu,lfieipircteeriinitlnnene-dctainoupirdntr-eerisfdgeiecivnddaiiLapaialenee----
toritd unol cauze precise; dar cunoscind dinainte aceste cauzer ni-
nnccctpmehhauidezteitimneesscciltcieuic5achneli-ftmil,ulanuriebnfrbcetced&rrnpuuaerroutirmtcrdtuinedluleeieiae,tinn,.cpteppNAaeoroeieccietzrvaeaifelaprsiicuceultleraneetefeeaaabesm,cdefeouurcpfgnrsrpamaesedozroveataulneeatlinccesdlfuomleeorinnaenuceccoluudrsomoeliiim,snt;1edt,apeonvbuamrpesi.nileuetDoaeorrcduacrecinraatsdaudsloteteeteerreciioualnisetntnemupmocdoemeesecrieenniiiiccae.ttepieicEl,rclsenoerfdeuidizaastnup-setircacroeaieuemmdsdn6uetiei6inn----,i
tonoereir;uipnut$uudtit"eetom.ascucemref"ispag"triuueorrada"iccuilsvcedseiiittdsdoceeerduvpifoalircroiiunndgloautinauicnat,fetll,eiaotia,rncitgsceaeidnmvqasinilit,etaioamrcerzaupdarrleenssvdnudiuznemaiebspa-italoeiirtda.dlo.ntde.cdmAdantmndudaeatas6iipe.ndacipnrheoaipainnutg-lil
imphca mintea noastrS, modelatd mai ales'pentru acliune 9i obignuit5'
cilluca;euer',,ir,aspec"inirsn;uantcelonilmzuuuvenefrz,voeleeecradalilnneuscodchderpie1llseercremipiic,t,leeoipannacatlpreucctfecdasevarraeoiraeucrtfliaemaea,ssrpe'peptpurerneeolclfcdctnieeuluiedtecuseaaltauaerrzeei$.foeosr$ncidltourgi-emiiinncapelaalarinltteieaetnzagltoietunoert.raceilioEu,lencxovcreraeerircecaiectizdtodldn'bpudi$rgdtouatneid-iuscnusieid--t-
pmiciugeauri"eielgripnhz,tei"etorcteidinlt.iilreuetiafTine,g'soneautscoacicidmnmeccaf'eaesilsfusiinitlcirudeavaeielcmtoi,erereaisc.sdtlcaeap,ua,rCiceruereitesnticubetesoeliae,lirierticsaorsseeqtptlepuouleerlun9istfidditii3le,ioiicrasiedursosevicufnieeadpeprxurins:abi.cogi".bute9iT_ib(n9lLipr1titel.ae'oaEbtrlpneevu.tica,oief.9ilusru,nedntspaivdouetIeuuannnrrpmtstauersiluedbdmunaislaattt9rarianinuilcnseeeetmoe,arbdloelipiee----.
tddi"gaiiuzt["tr.ia1"drgEs'eguctip't"cdioeeintn'irdlraiuuetednmdnianudatliscietizeadaftafeen]claantutiooionfmrpuitioinesfafiendcizteraexiiecmfio;ieezi-npicndcfhiteio.anid-mliac5itndhilctaifimc,da;mpiectvaeearigr.etateoepEtrra,eiiseinltteeiieitmibijer.uereiuld.snnuttEiesnfacfeic.ud.naulonlpaamamoloeaiaazntceteseeeaelressziradtdiverfioteti6iairznngglueftdaaii,----

306

40e

-rrnJsnl Jornlnl B rs BJ atlspou rslualsrxa EJotrs rspsul alse otps ,p}

!--p-p'ne--aJrnpauzruoullrpprlJutl3nrrpilaarnEul:dBuIrdpronaun{JJ'i3aInulltsr€nnnr1uazi+RuilJlrepsoJJrsuAu1llueopterriI1rrlJuSrsoarunlrrpaethleotpaalJaJlrr-Jlur1oJr[uB'nSonuaulSaIunounrslIuIlun+pnqpgpprlIIluJnllunJupsaaianlBdBreIprirzprordaulJ'3saapj3JxprnoelrcerlatJdBaeslrgJp3epa's'e'nroJ1oelneloeJrngulilla-eE1rnlnslJltqtnlepJdzuElgreclouaoarpfaoculurl+pJsrlerlae1lrraarJaaup'eI,ptullIerluec'leSlnprrrploueerepuda+dpopn(JSouauulenurnelr.IJssnBou;pr;lrlaB3neulJsaeoburIareBEdJrrxrufnSIneeaau1nspJuuJlasidelrrollgeqIA,seon3JlfursrrulJluu-xrJap:arnrenlnnlsuln6ueplolrpu1rInarruJlJoespJR,lod1,anlpruIno]nnords1iRposlnlra,ll1IJolqrnlIel1pdlderprr-rzrpuSllnrtprecrill_1,lpu^ld:so,Toll
e--]1qraa1--:--1irnaaaunndJo3ugr1luuraanpldrucicnrolidupr4lsuot[irxulorflranlsslJIao'psInELruolIncpor+rnflIJeo{unlir0IsJpaerJalacooepJ,xp'raruorJIlaanfJpaloaplnJndpu:eBgmrsirllxnrsosunJfouca3apcre',upull-psotlloulslariunJorsdpeIuarsnotroansaarcrrpuurnppSsolialurorneptalLsrfsI.3lauSi1J-aBll+rjlruilteprseu6uour3fJn6oeJaiue-plInr-rusJrr'coJltJ1rq,lnJso;eJlloal0J,e-osunurrr'1aJlpIgreu}rDnuurpIJ;apsIrlJdnAraprqnslr!Iup,nuepoJBap+6annrs"OlollIJEsnrraelBrn1srntl'flAauleIreapupaaJlplcsr:Eullpl+lrJn[eupureJrr3lsulscJfoyledeoJdsunIloJlaxxBolRrressetrSoareJrrufarpalJudar;prno:oulslellrJsn,sJIlrupc;frJnrnaruUurlurprrIuJlpearrapSnrsrnpeRr-lrsJueirrs3r3lua]eguuralsnopsearBaunorRurlcu.rlJlJrlsslaarisre1ennuBJrerrueund{ponrluJicJr16llsJu;goarlnIaeyr,nrllpptlJaJsS(planigJa]rnieal.ulusrlsIrurpeooSi1rsdnrernils1pnlulrdrpderuuupiuiSreRiullxBrudlrsnaarnSg;oJxll;,,aronaer"iJageln1Spdr.11xllucIsoauuIeSoarir1llppi-1ru6rrlratJepnu1panprpinA-ae.Jpu^Jrz,r1lI

aIr'aateuup"'p---p-eBaSf'uone1alJelrrlrlclupfodJul1irplpuarnalaor6Iaurde]JlrzldcO.s?o^pl6prolaepcijprrJI1Jouz.rUlra1JurarPlponourpplaA3r3^zpe;ir11rrlrJpl3Lru1oporqIarp+IrlsIeOnu\i-IlulI'pJlFanurla-arJiUnJrronolzIdlprJurTof'oIJs1ou:+rlraAloxrp1oearpuuOpotoluopusellarll1rrlepuaaoIq'f5rIpnaa'IJurnnpscnueJrlldJJp1nor.ll'\s-l1uiepproossnoIeqrJl1JIo1di+ofueJJUncur,ru6or.pnfnrarlrJ,u0pdiepzIpJJ:gp3lelIOgcfprOoJroosel:J,elldopr11palTrsJeeallJ.r3raoq1as,aLSr:r;unJrqrlBllu,uoaoeu6epp1Ip'rIquaoIlBqldaenoslecAJnluu-aepstaetull,luuJr1oone1rpl,gor1uJaJarc|lrruoprrgIuo3rqrlllfJntaaee+,el:olr1rnerurasoallunlorJoaprauurpurlnnarsrniftFnpntrpJrlNuirnJrudrrrcrluudfsurecdIxltrIelsenil€loparo.a3'{aaeljqerlplrai.i.o0olliionJJare1ptg€efqliln,-atrottlss':razlosrlrrurralrIprrruner'rAJrpoi.,jraeninndr,rafrr{rrSlrc,arsczl,ruu(:psppt,rp{rllI(lseR'rJnr.JsItsp'llreO6lu$la1r'dA"pnaJaloeuaJ}'sselnlral.r1BstrJuplr.lrpJeuIujjnrroJrpJerrI]}o1oql^afq.loozepJuilpir)lrr,parolBlrupBeuBraeturl.nlup-crrnruJnparariruArpJ+rpuJirI,srluplrinqJIaf,pllauiJcnrrJrruoapneolpnlikeraur6cu-,,p"rupi1l'ratasuip1'rgetilJa'pucrpparunp'c6!iaiyeriiB'6n,,s1r0l1.aisrrJrfap.n.ip^1ro,os1rrliiriur]cseurr0ryn1tslcJ.inosrn1nrrJnJ1el}zipu:srr,rEeropr1rpr7"3tap{{AniurSri1sJlJtrss)r!{/r

plaqJ pop ou Ps np Erurrqs rs eotzrl p3 pllnza_r nu r3E ap Jec '1t1eIA
'p:!pzru

Xor. Eristenla unei durate pure ne face sd respingenr mecanismul

r-itn;,;;"d,;i<te.tlVac.tciamrni5J;"p"itetiaiim*i1eailrddt"l-imilll.ti,.uprn."aof;riapuicooe',;i.pcefr.urna'ttrti;e,gcA;.ia"lnaetca"eiir"nhua;rruai;."af-vta*ol;ea-ce-u.r5ctl..illfninf;a;p1rliar"eianzeres;"a-;ieiaepu,ruenssrrteaucti""msviaomisuo;mniTaupca"t.tdpe"egtreaitv"riinuecui-e"nunipnli:lomfiIfnrnaaliaidla.i'nnosrrufeedlcucinoriauncimtdean,ircoudetel,lonndtamcarisptlcdsarN,seuiaevteovvcrii.riiaieseastlraieeudleuaiiaatuleepifpsaA,alvallSgc.da*ti,trpbcriegeuitopfdpmrriecae1iifatetuiegbprelzlheie5raltfruiIdfaiiiesesuried"vn'ttln.ctunnefotnsX"uedttveiotouda,urrm.eaEandpa5-rdeolnnxlumourtml"lupuDdaiieieciulpaiaiarversuulsasdtlniiae"ciifriapli'ittmindfgimo'eceeeneulafillidaadiiiartasidlisiziissfiulannrauonirraluii6iigin6edugvnianlneitnpnflu,iiziede9p.aeodecsiustaenoutecenrefslrniaaiiTmsretrailrnelaacm9imgiille.seopotamiuenisiituiauiigtisuaereslnviotr.oc,^ncunonmartilepcezrt,idanaedpittrasdtul,lcarnairzptae-uoaniidaueeaScatuiecnibaglrubi'acuarinelcisoi.LceueiicjFmat(r.l,uuepeungiiielAeciaflidcncanienoxstmmsIuivnruaneiaannefcvicaebtindtrinnaamai6ileluSeataeelrcmn.utuetelci'sec"nsipericnniaditsivoAt.ildizartsrerrtirclctfmieoagneeSeeiict,oriBR.eohetxuplbeecomembrcuuaeaaeeietDareeliiansoluenfelfnmevsir.cnrircitnsrettaderlgoitgictceoeraCuoetmcrcetime,iratlaernesasns'ucmraei,ohicnpnSaltpoirici-rai,ildnelniceduifrneatoeaeal'sviiipu,rttioaf,purucaermprreer,daiedicedsef,tcteenfsamtla1,eiSetesci,ueietnpal'nzuetgenrfatp{rirelnlnioaglieirtae,rtedeaxdeonnulnidtuclaanldadliiunirdeti;ntmomtcesrirtdgpaeieefnr,eoetunherarmcaeeeerietitilgdfrrusfencielrooictrnu'c'iusin_euoainluallleiamla:rltiitziulDlieutuneplSugl_alnlreruuSuirim;rfeaLcaaasliletdlio.eoaiiliisi,1Jntrczzci5itsnierdar9rep1eunmleitdduiioi--$-e;-tesi,a-,-e-i--'ii'
1..J,u;a;;i"c"pccnA;j;aidceiri,u;;tiier;e;te;e-nLf*n;i"",-rtiitirglTtrnito;;1aiell,i"bJdsesiit.r'cti;pii';zttan;guCnt"rmi"ai.g,"riinLrmeeize.pcm'pd'nrlnc'ctaionaraeittloetyeareimrvucecnttcaei-alprr,imabasu,egd,ntaarict"aaepotienetvsf"iitirlnueetnboomiaeSlnotlic,icrusCel:iiuteesje"iuiriufouleesn!cpilencpntiu9iri,uc1naafuiaei9ii,toe'tcrntclauefveircencesaiferanioiavittrtusleiaBeaaern-eanmelaeliuiclins"sneeo.urelsgm-utm.Di-ra(sisca-nlluteelounlpeeednqlnzins.usstimetovnce'5ttiBzmpeeoahlpveeoaltiiets5eocnrtauvbc,golsrrtazmissfaenettcienooaettatirrEiinaielsn-ii)pgncaatmsu,"dderdrct:ais.6ueecr9enlerbiilailaiue9tnqefnmirrasfiate-idueptipo:aa.q4rutpd.tceiici.isannrreaetfelde.dsuiitvinleitrfreueouaii6iuamnlfverncsillcdcutoioiusielciinennifueerttildsgntein,icfmsis'.uir:t,reriaaiilArineiailaduczdssiatieveeirftievriraioxia'ienu,ni'napnsseaccnntsttlttrrleeiulieia,-e---l'l

tdcceitrc.,irtltu1ep'rralenatzaltecsnIeiuutr,rca1ieiuuciieuptclnreietsl',pu"ilrepocgu-iErele'v"6otaalucretlairaeraecpcuailnctruoelclfnucotiuosiilnucct.;tlraeidncuetau;-cal,t,tlco,urnnregousemtreeeeav,no.,"dltuu:rrJ,a',iitcenaf,_ui.i'upal-ituu:driiclu"t,xrriai.csdtcitaia,.rcpaoactncuncentra.recsu-i'

s08

60e

esniulsns aJ ('tSf 'ct o"n1sJtcn'uudoosp't6oorsarofgop1ep1c'ggg'-,lr9uejts,a,a'lq:racfuu{ app$}Js1ae1aao;1lruuautrleorqoduJsrlollJqplspaluolJrponupJJ rlLlr Ia
rs 'ruipnlilp alal nJ pproJ€
ap orequrlqf,s o orrrnup

urJAV"
'r--'laos[frllsiDu;Loni?r1Jruunpunr1orraltd;{usr'ap1-erroidrldoulto'rraept1lrr!eeouas:reeSLgz3r1eoraezad6rrplropDuzlnlTocJ;uropuerrl!adcaeite':{?'lle€adf6o}uu}Isrroriuvlll(n5'ruqr'-'J1loiiJ{rl?ltn'prdr-ulrsnrepfl1.srar1n1rrrn's]oopaJlsJrrlfzqrlon.no:ppgpsuuo-/oJtoinp:urllonL1Hlnrrrr{Jir1rdp'pgcs1pl'xstpetan'uftutllp1olpr<:Dralaro-lporEprslppuporu'pulJoE]UrirlunairlirrlDzsrrrila-Juo1qrrl
r'lrlrlrtrrlr]tJdosp'luridortrlrrrlrpcllrlup!ar'I?p1lulnololsslqxvo'roa{rnf}eISl:lo1ruol ,,rf,rzrJl,)latll" lolscf,p Inl:rcrcio 'olpr.ro}pul
ir n€s Irla!opul Inuuras qns'rsntro1 'ound
ie
nLr oiBJ'pls'llDnJIJlds psrzrlDlaru o eaJrSotnelnod'1udrerl3plasaaprle;rurprordru'rl$qJ,,proni1u5:nunp D orlrlrlur"
Jilop pllqrzrsas ',,q:nd glernp" ul
r2-1 alu uos
,u-------rlsDaJp.lnl11llrsrAtrx.pq1a!up..irr"1irigDnzJp'lp(rDiIpi{.elunl1Tr+elltaldzetptsjlIrr.:r1uu'(ra:dzir'srpinoTr'lEDOJl-szlur"prlcrUotirllrlta'oai1rOrsn'ptn!.lJdnutap-D'lBlsdzIplltluSrpr!6alzJorJoprtuupsa{l:1lsDr6lnanau-3q:ifd:aouul,ntlnL1trpsl1U€1t3sltInInlntp'vpd'm9p(i]'xuu!1,1raA,r'1a11aool1sE6l5rlL;€cp1ro.,{ztrr]oD6(Su{InIllluirPpepll0rupI'ruaocdatDuaJ,rr.r1pi)piju.;u.o1rqr.u*Jrlrn1u11or31rrl.i1fcEarsr'ip.tOe1ld|rlatJupn)9rn-trs:prLq1rna,trttos,t1etl<oIrtr,op:qra'c,e,toua,ropapq"saardls"orrlr1eurgnDtlrlreltundlrsollaprpadll1dtrDlartuuruendounJa1nlJ1*clrteop1u)lrr:}go1ronnsod]pnpodrr5f--lri"^J-ons'lXpse1aIsnBnatXo:ornsd-irr,oritdCsd{EesJnaprs'puo)o1Ip(nanral3le.rlt.p])ll,olnptr-,an)-agltoJiri:qpl'lo1fJlIsstnpdriropadnsufLpr,utarJrppzrptll;ulpaLrD]idyl}etoLrrpcacD.lrUrlxrr{)jll
{--ls.Dtnt'lso!.t\-n'-!dryrnaLorr5DroD;1olotJ;1Lq,,i1iIenl1JltJuaJaDIunqo{unpnlJuurlsAr enu"poses6zrrarJaloDgdqiru.niilrltaalrHjslsDvInJ;l'DlquIJuIDJeOllte{Iru'sor6tontrsdo0oa3ltultlat?crau,ropalupreruup.arluaocr:purordraredl ae-pa
e'ilJruplurupDosivrr'l(9a-r-t'pdoda'e3z'ror6r'os1Torqp1dsd'L{nEpfs,I,V,l'euaoJl"r]ipnqcfturl narLzqlptailcu!nrlsDp?ro)lsLoto,r,qlnrlnod.\Jp,l'pI)rn,,rpe^"l

-uad /ouI1IIRU 'alrqp-raplsuo) ap psp rJnlp:iol ui arrnpe as ps €J arlsslas
aurrJprsJrtucp{tsa'lpBrrplrnrlopluslrl.psraopd}lAsonaJIpJJi-I!Iis3UjJrlupuisrnadplatnp'lgalu-sJrnep]?p^IparqJrElasaEuuueaaElusporulraJllsrpqoBsa}squuaonr-nrrrlrdJporLl'opaul^larlrnpaaauJAllrpPrnsaluleupp/aeoeEprp'BposrlnaRuprrJlounJptlroclIlnl^?ta^rr]l
ap liriil aRpnoppseoduE'6roJioalusnnloguiraIr€algrpslrropiaapleprqsaBuJa^olpInlriJqurpor orslseoaarJupnsuI1pr3S
u! snpord ne-s alpluaplJs€
-rldruor nar6 alsa aN 'oJpolpJj?Jsllps
suas r*pleJe
tualilupp ps Iutliri1nlclpti-lIpplArr IeJaII]r ISpolarp pJ
a,rp'trr ur 3p]ppln}su{urn{rslaeJersil plpzlaual p'(reJzfaEuap6oou1r.tou)i e]sa 'lprlrnu
asnpord 'olrqtsriasnr roliri
-nile{-{p,\ aJeouotrxa Jol{urlrfrpuor uf
-uenlJui qns +rurJap suas un-rllrr alpldaJpul lrrnrlelre^ rarrn pzalodl
lTEIplaJ'(a1*nrq nps alual) olpluaplJJE Jnd JoilunrleiJpA pzaloc{r uI
uI
palulanriJlnrJn:seulsr reuz'olplrfafanJ[llAsou^opatuaoaluppnralolpuIJarl6lSctrx':araouaaal]p{JIaropusrnnudeIolpoaaauuraaIplSsor^as}asRIprnr{oIAnilu]Jpluupnnoqcaluurapl
-rrJoal '-rolrleldpppou e p3rlelllolnp parEulllllla uiJc{ Ilrp}dppB aIp olslu
--ai-Tar-ArrprEIrdJlJEppprzplenalelIoJrallAlJspOpatrcaJlaRl rapdasaIJuprrSnitlui-rpnalruulrinpa€rpcoIlprE}'lnoluPusnr]saIsntJuptouiJlJf,pnoaJtrlruuaaelppuzplplJiJa3P]papA:ilo.iospoLJ3rolluularoaallpsspJ6l oiiTaoclpBelxzieanzcpaol3prlJJlPdsJI'ooet"rlsictiIll
sl--InprSelolqlJuJillaecnp€'lLllxulJrrIpppnaelJrlLiJc^iu{lrlIopJniu'EaoclJualBtuar'PlIalaplenunpsJlloproisaluldAusAraurarocnpuolpaJJI{apl'ae{'paanuSal6esr€rVo$fg3uitur8pl'oalZoulopolJEplruudlonRlualuIit'aop]unu{Agalusuasnaaa{BosaIzaIEpla€3fpnlrlaaardlrppIolanuoauJPJi}lIlsJ3aaaIr'aarIucjllluulpEdpafnr,rBiIJllauusIIonnaanpppsriqlaooarifJuur,PcouarnlrllrrLolpEIplIJ.*Jcl-lsLsl'E3e:r}op}JpIpEautJiilu-a€qJfipulRaaJpiulaJdauolso-fltreenJp\

tru a trece peste aceste dificuitdli, sd recurgem la ipoteza varialiilor

bnigl-e a 1ui FILrgo cls \jii€'5 20. .
Gt-er"rtair-.a se alenueazS'asupra ulr-ri punci , dar sporegte asupra
tarseebmudienasref,anaedeoxupdlicoXt'gma,nedeappXilrdin5d, la specii
altLria. Pricepem :nai uEoi direinfs,alaltuoricbhriuui;tvee,rtienbrloactelsoili evolufia
ciacd
diferiie filogenetic, sau rnoluStelor
de la octrjr-i-i ruciimentar ne^-o explicbm.
printr-uu numdr relativ variafiuni insensibile. in amindou5
prin acumularea cie infinitezimale dar in ipoteza clin urmd numHrui
cazlrrile, lttcreazit tot intimplarea,
cle intimpidri de acimis e mai restrins. Totu;i, 5i aceastd explicare are
cmvolaciifhnicfiauuacllgtes5a5fvci-il5lzeeiiuepbnioien:aaetcdLicrteonmoxperoscrselcoibintfiaaaidtcefued,.niicnncdliumurt:rooemmaaatee?nlnptVedcaeirriiiarIle'raiaiarraiiaapi{zlaiiuotrlnnlaaietitudablurnaiuuvlutizmenre,-ariaipilnedrsc5rtife-ti
infinitezimalS. Legea corelafiunii crganeior implic5, schimllindu-se
unul, schinirarea tuturor celorlalte. Cum sb presupunem c5, printr-o
serle cle sin:Lple accidente, varialiunile bru;te s-au produs aceleagi, in
aceeagi orcline, implicincl totdea.una utt acorcl intre ni;te elemente djn
ce in ce mai nrr-melcase gi mai coniplele, de-a lungul a
dou5. linii de

er,olulie inclependente ?

iptor;rtne2iircceNdarloetucia,aflaiszliu.srbtte:srltirnoaltaucnle'Jmlcuzali,tleltirtuigacoileapcclluedecrYenrlceiicitsc6ite(iii3r1c4-s8at-ur1lc9co3rng;)sattaiitisttmfiopuraliunniuglscaint cdipl.ccot(cepoaznrartiiicfciuoillene-
dedeoi cbl1:ie-r-jrrirscdr)ideitismseupi),-n.reicifUcaicciirria.lniei{epiaeerr,eielnelpea.muamsnceeccinnncaltecasirsurteeadmrlditlnncrodeaj lg'dsaaseecr_ieneLpsfu,rctocescidi.ielcunp.Ircpetsmbmularsaigusiiase,tcirned,aesitadstre-teeridtclnit.ce,elitrfgzi:eaeteprocliiarnnitc.ectcrromemrdettsticttllciai{ttinilirltejeloc;,ar.craltNcjttuuecrclcclloiu.tr'lr
petxl.nctir-fic1t)mincoocnrlcrcsnemtracijLIinimso:iiu,riliiiaelor trnip;uursiimnopil,e.loord(t1'at'iri.ajvliiutert,i
r.otespund, aipncLpr,aIriLtiet:qtttlec,trljt;dr."'hilemil|ctrie,
{varicliutti
ti:cdreia riintre sPacii) ;
,s,psicioiiFi,.r{L-idr.C.-Li)riuia1ts!m'ippepeerti:ctii[riiiint.--elisL-lcr;irl-itconuellepcclomrctoimeteepcniioal.lianagrl,i'is-(ec-)preteduantiepoop(tarllotirr-lcrd2iir.uNn.ast1(r,D-6musenu-Iot_acYutr_dliriti.li'let-eitciitms)led;o,-lrro.cupcrimoetlncdssurpi]cuael!te.rts'itintiindtipolivtitoilzjecnielcticlnriaurillusictl'eicz.lteit,oQzisle]ciccrdn'tteuucilesptn1sacil,i'
ci noile partic.utariti.!i nu implicd. t.rco rela!ie eviclerttri, izbiioart:, cu \ tria-

DiJ,rt.rlr'o ititi i-t, iclt.rcrld i totLtc c!irat:i.iila, m.ariifit:d.riic aier:IetLz::i tcote aI'

f) inutuliile sc cfec:.!u.etLzd ii

gtu'Lt'lc; sSctucmLo,:n.nfiillocrstcitl.inir cRrioomdiiclia(,LuCceiarntru[]llosrlu1cttl,euAlesspcecCteluja,n1tr9a1p8o'lopQ' ic3e2)'.

ciJ tnutt;hililrLtcct

Un;ui:c;r ldaiioraiii a
ciiJlcniitllilcai,er,t,,pc',lltu.ur,-eCao,riitic-acr;ac-r.siarsircctiaf,ar'li,iecCierroiraiinztie'-ipinrgpniil3crlrestiilaia,\nia.ette[iiteoinrrtianteaepadclulfroecuioientudr;igtcjiipib,liialclscuemcelacouremrocvenumndrt,maitetp]laoaeeclfcsnodioettarabiifear'viprlietceirremo,teclcsiJbuirluuaiutilas-citeciltnioipldstroeerideriterr.nncsicLnaaipdufrt'uretuscirnniirca-eaenpDixlrpteeBpecezrldrreVoeniosngrieuidtcealapiecslnuoebngp-csiaclanuejapcatrea-ls{"*csic'ciii:crtcndoicqee.itn:rmicin-La.uiuHjailcauFomcigbtacruLjuioli--tit-tlr
rarcf iat aI .ipotczei" (Ibiclem, p. 33).
cTil1caor rceiraestr,-cn-ruLzirr,itliaon.fqiuilioriimin, laicfliedczeerzrc;vilctalfttii;liicrisdi oegficcFneleu,tgiicolii:il,celoeesa1e/b:r;jiie,-asi,npaieprsldimtuirtanilntjusumeumdntiatdrttteaetrcaeassdceoecuosaiuildtldue-i-
ral:il
XX,
dat.

310

IIE

plsEaf,B ealpllleou 'alo urp alecaltr ll3op PISBA IBIU o olEldoipul luns
B--BnIosATeBoJleIprJprIdnUnaspneBe-EuaarleaelpisrloleuleoUarfpn'olloIcBluaTniJdopldrulrunoaoa+poanplpJ+epuaznelseoJpuaJurrtTor se:urpul nnnurrul'otapd1rlfus1net6lroaq.,cdnv',aoaJcuEurod7I
-D?rc uo[tnlotfl,7),,'uuralqo;d eAIozoJ e ap aJpls u1 e.red es Iu nu'tusltt
a--oul1eJfnnap1JorlnlEpauaarapJrro'g.tIuiprrolonlJslrlargellcpdlpauulo.Ircuan1lco$lneusralpr'dlnar'arupfsuJl>aaiJrlalJp;orrprdreaelopcanupplosIBJrdIaUJ1BRn1JenaPdrzrpIetgar ur.uIuEpro-;a6sI
,oe-eapppur1aluseBIIulucae'dn+rrnapererpsplgudnleBurrluueal''rrsbsrSJJuJuoerqaaaJrelaSadlsura-lsalrTplal$Rpa1SIneusfJeo,l3bpEJrJ3uSrpIpez"raIernpZa'upIlLnJl1ISuenudiannlollrqllloJJreeoJladuuulopdsearqaIrpdeIuornopcnaclouqoJnllle'cepgc'oIlae6nurB1ellrneedunaJ.uoItn6uBrlIceeondo'plSf1i,npunearJnaluulJo'1ppeeezfea'uJneaBrlnJrelp'Sefudulde,rnurt1pase$ueaoteupxarprarpa61dsrr;rleeuuaooeclrrul11oisnua\uooJpnuraSsrpaubaIrrpn'talPaedlJolllaqnPtllppqsaezruanauilalenriulilpa+qdeul
-op JoIaJa+JBrpJ Bale+rlrqrsnusuprl urfsns naJtpgJr'lllucalur>r1oJlrearsuppl uorJJllJuol pes-rroBn0
-orluoJ 'rollunrferrel llfpltparo Bllsaq3
'arplloAzop ap oluapuadapul rturl ed ellluapl axolduroc auB6;o roun
-leispaaLrpJuuperlroouaJ1rra'glpsiuaErJolpVnal'1oa3JdogosfujBrlulp3pueJolrcaaru1er3edeoIrn1J1lesdJIuIErr1uJpnslslupuoelafpnlnrlrodrJrallfB,olnprrpnoqb6uo'otlosrefraorrilues{rl-xsiool1s
.Iqreoslfrp,rIgusprnnfd,foarorrdr ro1uJnrBr{BrlcauruegnxearslterterfdtupronuupocoleIB}cIopenslodereedplneJdIua;BseJaearruua{'preou1tersn6p;}oesfpoua]tItJrturyne'upa:prSepr{roloer;irns}
rprqJ urp elSeu ;e-s IJ 'apriBelJuaepalucnre{ea1uren6rfe'lnrrlpnul rosl>rlJJrrpptunpuloarurcapczlsa}roEuI
ap earaonpord e1 af,np
ruabunfe 'IaJisV 'a]caJa ap efuebreluor aulfqo u nrluad aunrfcarlp ap
au-BrpJoolrurJrprr urorllqrpdrlulrcoleuJzlrnadppJusnanppeoIp-rqucJlrao1Facarnt;a;cealSrleeRolasdoaeTrenlrrqrnraznrpluJ'a'palosuerlaro;uJuoraSupynu''aaurzoIn,tpu]otaCa][lIvr'poJJ'RrIupf,
-lruJoposatu autbfro ap a pInzserarrlapure46caar dos'uirnrauplloelclsal:culp'uoa1srnr13pI]nousn:!Ini]UrtiIrI
-rrd lnullelsrrJ 'srJI urp
--r''--rrBsnBrupJelciJanslllaaasllaraoppcr:auopJBJgl-lBedzorB1JlepuIuepaigrcdule[6prxniruuerpllsxnJlAduaofarBuelrJordarlpBpssxsarppo'BapJo-lIxrrupJeraCoolnldaldpsue+'uropIeprraeoauEuJJoluolIllrlrpzatrprqiorr]uarrJurarlaoeo1alolal3oleuunTflru[B1tqnrpaoaIu6nprnt;urIropltp;appJuasAaztIpJeIpuppeJateIflIuuJq'nIIJPlrnInlo^pBlaqpAIodIardaroto]u'Il.uanrrtapIoepq]uluIapun'oierrJouuuSIruqs'yeP'rlusu-1r+'aepcdPurblroAIno1rn:oitdissrIl
o-rpuo'ooldIBrururseIlTrnrnzzeB3J uI rEC 'lllalcl elrunrfe;o1oJ op eqrol a pulc gpitci
pluaTJIJns alsa pJltuItls-oJIziJ
olaun nrlued pe+p+

p-o'an+-rIxnpruIdBpuaunzErr6slu'nouIaanlne1uollareleJr3rlrl{pulrrJl'aaeluaoqnu{zauaInuannpelrrlcllnfoaraeI1ad,lJillt;rn"rpuuoeldrrnIrpa$l'ura-sl{orssaneeanlplxaprJodopalrpSlxnrJndenuaplnlpJooiIsrJor)oup'dnlrlJgopulpeuRgpopetsJafr'ua-]s1nirelcnneplo1asa'lrlnprtalpfodpunznl}leaosBoJgu,poapnoniJu'6apJnI'lpoplaaur1alrrtlueauel.puteoIlopoglllPasezfe,ulIlpnlzrnqorppalJasou'tnllsIoeIlo1pardrIJaucJJtlfnpldcl'a+ariaaupIlBeseIl;rUtNulupue]ipIpaauIU'popnrrePn-tzlJoccnln+cnlolprtucpaI$]Il

eciuie.raicr;nd"nsn'"oc.;tcon"euem:"ic*l";li,osnaoi""u;oicr;"brumn;a;eav;iiiie;tpi'ic"cia;asnczi"aeatetel5eurveas"alo-ad"ziiiufors;sapdiniileitrgo;vmrirl;ji1asiit.;.nnbdrI"oaartutauetfu;-ioi-i;"ii*e'el'i;.adiuiJ"ii1ir,,i"ife"et'i"pc,potiais"aaupicitrrau"erleeieifrtip"gi,i'l,caun*ntiuialid.iucelfiiruuanaae,tztcmtcrau,eaeleiec.lanrseomatieVcrarncr-detaeeearaseacctdrecnpocleeegilvc"iuhrrftdieniicanelloiraerlladamuinoenvru,er'fote-voipracslin-boaezeueroiisir,om-icolo9pagAlilorniefeet_cciggicniurcepaiiledcerinrsnneddeeritsieealii,csouvi.aafli.'eipezrrnezeve,ireefsaig,crodnttdileeloeneeStaen'alomtzatgceripeivi6caean'oous'errrlncrlpleitetcntfkniaetaiaieicerltcsprienloeii-1aeai'i''
sx;c;piat;ea;;cettSeiliaa5sndrdueeelvCvvesoiinnttluairtmreul-.zocelCatturlearerfeixiif"ieeii-tlmi.sueiptm"iluzpdnltietceaultmteeoaaclgahdineiuui,lfnrs9-rcoinlerscgrdfloaotvnniceaadcrerea.mcoMocqranhuq.eiiulneulaae,pasroceteeatiatncesoatame, xcpeprlseilsti-e--
;tta;u;lili;n;a*uc;eiie"st.tca.,intoit"raJet"e1cdaoem-"o"peleoxxctirhteaiutmetassecoordgmeaspnculheliduxeiit,9avitieuz.niT'nitoaettaueaEseif-vufinazccirferio.nncedoarnieitruacnlse'-
:c.ctapr;ieolat;ioul";ndo;.nrc;aroc"ectnmiidarrf.t;ari"ean;eip;aaimbrcizt.tiiosSan,;m-m$esiinppnuauiliicrvniiseiatirmidipr6;etlJaa.rTlgf-ie"ir;.eiat,n;rtoD"a,purirart"itnuitlrlleu'lfuemcailrds.see"iucm-pcore"5arpprxirnrrr'ipie,"irDisllojiieuctareer,,ardiaxurisapili.aelclrjoriolsuc-orrsSmdcietrrnixlcsadetaoudeiasrrnureruentnaepcleaatrmte,tfaeipuCinidnrdntoeieeunntrappavssdelliliierionnluuiorienc.nrcac!l\-nailp'paitrtldr4eatoreian---
pnJcvcbttteourihaoii*dstiiiltmrippsuta;eu.euiros"sduiiictim,ree"cucfspi,narsu6prerudtimnieocalauddtotd.pfsodurreuedri,otai,lnec,ptamednuiloudtpeui"opnucrite.daa'eftio-u"srnervieubpdrldaupariodat"iluc"elfre*uanaatsoiornr]etcrdeeo"tlfteio,,tiinvpsomacifrirmidtmteersg"durena-aernfratenisiepaic,lzic'nrficpouaeialinrnldrrptipeirmateuvdeoratnnoinecre.ttglemalicempp'rqlaeaaArete,eiisin'v;citcficviiceiistiaedeiSddnemxuoiddltopgug'reuecirreancrgepairteeqoadrdrlueoeaneimuna,mmirlzlSenaaiaeFea'uscnncrp:enetXetalnesnatsarri,lteconnuem.aui,gapcuAnanirrenntinemeesjpoastriraaaitainnoaeccs----ite--

cscgdediiema.ocsMrpittdailgicunccee,taiilsanrutedif1na"iogtv"rei.ozs.T#tie,boupititrno'ia-s"-p;iiaia"riiLcv9"elpivtiocanauzamillevifuaaiznrir:ii6ucmihnenuiesultatcleua:cisrlieen9tcrtbiridt-rcbitanooafsoanatrtleedperoepusntotaaeezruaeiclniaesuerInlroiailsliernemiroiaier;pnlicnroiempbaartiso-lte-l-i
cicneSter._aAogcitiiundlfesineini,tpaptlrueeacdLuenlae-tleiulmtruiiec'n"aatelepcmreeiiecnaaiirzel5al's;eLdnvinoocmahfiagsrdedscidlicerolicoerlaedoaonttaitntoeflirn]liaatatiiace-
dtncorereiiglbpesau6unoinienzmcaesetreaendeucepqaaratori e"mc:.esili'uui-.l..oniapactu,c"u.iuclaipdnearaeisiniaemnseuilvlueioncaertrzbsrad-ateoaccassoiecudreppopreuraSglata1oqrnuorieginrz.accT$tnrdeitiazi,iinan|ict-leaac.f-oEaqnnjiuucoclstpurmtlocafladau$tsbceintrriiuisicrn'trariti\ltdaoriieitra--'

3X,2

tI0

1-lorujullsripl3IaInilJro\rrq'o(Lec6p'(lp)D1psiJalrcnaLjpura/Irn-?tIuunoila)ollapupslporDla(s6tsI0Ig0t$'*iu-8D(,0,^10nn'odi1l^d:r1red1e9"aI)pllar6trlszanrysloutlaNadapDI)n7lrr€oooclqrp€oorJt?.nuzlreuorS!l
'r,s,tnosUuJinItain[apInqplpuloJ]e"roriJr alsoouJnBrlq'rdrpelrna[p IlJnBduot raslpBsoAeelourert-]ud ur uos6lag rJUaH ap p1llsor
pluli]s Ei ruriJ Eoopi
rz

as lpp Juaurorlr un pl J pllrlrll o op olof,r{rp a}saJJ a}pocl nu pJrirspldol
-oJd BrJaleru reo 'pleln ap aurroJ allpui rpur alal pl puld a3rprJ as ps
naJrsalnlderuuprruPalrsqepp/,or3lrlrruorJspoldoPlSoJudl
PA,\B aIeJ 'pJporJolur iluI^p 'lzPisp ruopoA

al arpJ od alaqlrue ospur iJ]ru Jn6lsop
: alpJrllldurs arBur o ap lsoJ tJ ps olnqaJl jJunlp alnrPde alaIrlroc 'a)
+-rorldirqoJs-onJruzrJtrnodlaauluaIlleloTuo'aJJeTupIqoJ{-po}JrrIz\ raJle-LrrooluorlorouJd}pralJuon-rrztprsloll-ri{innl3torlq€ozslucpo6lr
-ull-rir-1ln-Jprrl1rJrnelolualsldq€aIeIsuoAlzrlsuluppBlipraonAnpplrJuoRIs-JlqnbqpuSgarloUpuolleruEJrArrrIcJ{llOnu'pJtpauparriaiunlJ-pJJlsruurolanur'atdnapr'luanrir'lonlppSlonsursrslaRpuTdqrlqr6rrl}pgnlrllo-r-aeri6aro'lrllrurll1Jlruarrleaoplsl,nplitpepppiIoirluI'unJupul-JJel^aroJaoplJouulacrrlrrdlzrillbrarpoapueol'ldaalr:suun;x1srp3aSaze-p]lngaisplraspe;lr{rsEXz-uf^lraorsuragpoloJaerJcuJlfiVlrri'prarue'nBapJ1i'-ai+rspz'eearalEp-rccfspsle[rl-faonlro,I,le,lp€pautlpLglraru1p'iirJpnerrurenpl1aoduiu:uduuralonal1srr(zl,lulr3prndesr'oIurpIrlpe1IlJ;aJeenel1laedaaojr(Js,lp:+rll:

'oluafiralrp arinlone ap IIuII ed urrsB5 II EaJ€
aup1opusoioIrln1as*8uuIo-aJct1ruSul a1nqp;sosunrprloduJnapcr+JSoaturposoJ,,'ararrufeanl1ui,zoriz^IaEJadA;dorJlsrru1ornJosd:paItnpr4lqu"JJ'Asoupl relappnaulperrlrJnlpdlnJrud'rlostIasIlEsaue
-ee--rrJupJJonJilanlpalxsprlauurearloondsJuauorpg{uiqlangPoIprZlPpI'IlAlIe-sJsnrIacJzalrortdrAapslTulJurlnrplroos3bdrrranpoqurllnJartSsaJppecl ulllnaslreoupaearnautpoJtlrrpgdrreSrx'r,oarraJlarplR]r,esrepedJllclslrJiorpaaJalpaaaJqlpyparfuu,'lrpplortJuppanlnpopruofr:'ful,elpnnalllulJnlpuruIpoenouubllrill
-ala op xalcluror Ipru rpurnri un-rJrrrp plnJpJ a rnlnue6ro r:alplrlerJalput
-Jl--'InuaUnrlalurIerloIsl3dJdnlzolepqJorznJrB'enruIaolJrliznuerllpndlucprleuuuuBppBrlerueJdxrt1eaxa1eusa1qeuro';pJ1oeez61b'AealpoerraetuuJru:rpalriurzso]a]aaJIuSp.lrrrppenourlr-1orpzoreaJrran^eu,z/rJleIrpr,nllrrer'.lozJrz1oonurridl1JSrpelrlor.ruJiuiuprndnineEefrcJrlsne'nrpJol'raa,ll,arJprEcilpuna[pcnipzaprioalz;prr$lelpuArpcJuisStfr1ernorgult1z:rpInrelnocreuTiSdllrjlerup'u0uln"rr1r
lurllduroJ : raIJ o]spoJe;np1rp1ft,cloulsIo.aIns-.{nRp^uolJpSVr{'ralrnlucrrllrraudIp.roEIaIJaBJ
1-pe InlJIIpp+uonp ipurnri
'lIqIzIAIprrI
-io1trec31ru roJnlnl e1eellenncllnerruuoeceatlrcnlru|:eelculirudn-rrirluriirgdrrLlarJxIUa 'proliB prdnsp
alarin rolalnJrpeci os nrr
roiJ ap
rolaln)IlJpc[ elernpulr 'alnze,rarr seurp-r ne lnfercl rS eulur pr pulrincl
-pnusla3ld''ena1upiaBuet ;pTar$JBruur IuPr zzpoeluuropsua1p as Ie EurroJ'poreuoJs RzpalaJul purui
p-rl'rsgur od plsrzar
ar rS purrduror as
aJpJ 'JorJ ap prnlrltd appr)n}rppf,arrlduuuronr-rplue.IalBpc$BtauJr rrnep-sulllnrJfeprqaptrl*n_l IS pJ

rp.{rJo}uJ '-rola1rraurala jai-rol
-eui eufeti6e.lrsorzIanrunalSpaourplllauJJJIn'n1prpilppsaurlJ 'arec$ltrt o pJ IIqIzIAiptrr 13e un
alsa ES Rsul
arnqor] pJrJosolrJ EoJap

clubleazS. Au trebuit secole cle sforfdri ca aceastl piedicd sd fie oco-
gata de a se dedubla, sd
litb 9i ca numdrul crescind de eiemente,
trremoydricmaaemurisinaead$incilcueamalneuiaauineilepf,ciecootmibeccunapizdrleneicnxu1aefme'r,iaeaDetiaesaatxelr;pealcsoapedduureaszraeetzapieddoi.esnaEiztbdrvl-iaeloidnvnltdusefraloar.ivtnmeCitaadEqrlieciriaera-vrcdncifaiiiicenitacdsoi-irveagdesaeitrnmegdiesptlmevndintzeredfiu,iitmnnlnfiaedn-i
mai multe ramuri ; unele s-au oprit dupd citva timp, au incremenit ;
doud sau trei au fost mai puternice, iar numai una, cea care se suie
lungul vertebi atelor pin5 la om, a poarte liber
c1e-a fosl in stale sd
lulanriecleinimdpiruelcsfiaiiel vliueiliic,liEvevrogleunfitae,esetseteincsodnqtiinimuaprderafireina acestui imptils

mai multe ra-
ainvrinetjuuirudi ria,cecluamprcimreodrediarnl.ecEavnoislumfiual,nnuicei nici o serie de adap-
mtiri a realizarea unui plan

tiiri la
tota1, cun pretinde finalismul.
Este clrept cd adaptarea e o condifie necesard a evohifiei ; o
specie care nu se poate acomocla cu conclifiile c1e existenfd in care
e pusii, dispare. Dar una e a recunoaqte cd circumstantele exterioare
csudnctirfcourmlestcainefeclaeresuenvtolcuafiuazetrleebucliierecsLdoafirnedasleocoetveaolldu,fiaelit.a a susfine

Adaptarea
explicd sinuozitdliie miEchrii errolutive, nu directiunile generale ale
miqcdrii, ;i mai pufin incd mi;carea ins5gi. Mecatlismul nu poaie sd
acimitd ipoteza unui avint origiuai, unei impulsiuni interioare care
staleirncpiciuserpteainnsveciazeetamcplaeriianineafvoltordml.ueaT,odcttidntpciic, eif-dairnrdfcai ecfoemssttaamivcuionltmt,mpvlaeia|xleca.omasprordfei o soartd
mspeenceiai.sUcini einlefoFromraemieineifieprerim2itnivue,
putut sd
sd incre-
cllm de fapt s-a intimplat cu rinele
au mai siiuriand.
vaiiat din epoca
Lingulele sunt asldzi ceea ce erau in era paleozoicti qi au asistat im-
pasibile 1a toate revoluliunile planetei noastre.
Viaia nu este nici realizarea unui plan. Un plan este clat de mai
inainte : e reprezentat sau reprezentabil inainte de a se realiza. ,,Dim-
potrivS, er.olulia este o crealie fSrd incetare innoitii ; ea creeazd suc-
cesiv nu numai formele vielii, ciar pi ideile care ar permite unei in-
teligente sd o infeleagd, termenii care ar servi sd o exprime. Cu alte
viitorul ei dAebodrocuieaazgdreppreeazlednatulfin9ai lnislmt su-lualr' putea desena in-
cuvin're, ca o idee."
este in presupu-
tr-insul
nerea ci viafa odatd ce realizeazd un plan, trebuie sd arate o armo-
nie din ce in ce rnai mare, pe mdsurd ce inainteazd. De fapt nu e aga i
dezarrnonia inlre specii merge accentuindu-se ; Llnitatea viefii este la
incei:ut, in avintul caie o impinge pe clrumril timpuh:i ; armonia este
in urm6, nu lnainte. Unitatea vine dintr-o v;s a tergo, e datd la in-
ceput, ca o impulsiune, nu e pusd inainte ca rln !el. Impulsul e dat o
datd, dar dreaptii pe toate ramurile multe
nu se continud in linie ;

:2 Piin teLin:nul de lorum|itiicle sc cicnumeqtc, in zoologie qi paleontologie,
r,;rdiriul cl<: proiozoare rizopocie marinc cu corpul protoplastnatic invdluit intr-o
de reguli, calcaroasS, (alol.rcaimtueitnde)dianleupneares{ailuorddinesmpdarifitmorui,lteiarcaimneerextecraiorer
cr-rchi1ie, intre eie prin orificii numitd aperturd. spune cd dimen-
comunicd de miiimctru pind la qase centimetri
spiruinntilre-ocodcehscilhiiildoerrvearsiaimzdplddesalauccitoemvaplezxodcim- i Se
pe
si cd unele dintre ele sint fosile din epoci geologice foarte indepdrtate.

314

9I8

-uazard nJ ISoAtou lltluoJ'91eruruu PTlas ul uIJJoqoJ au lIJ nJ'so,\rau
ruolsls rnun ufuazard g.resarau a1|lptror 1c[o-tp ore-u ufurrlSuo3 '1nap
-1,to lroclel un elso plurrl3uor i3 alelrlrqou allul'apunlord 1pru Ts ai
-'Ru+rppuna:Iu+erJoJpunpuonigpoe]dlesrlltsroraldnnlnsipololoSuo{'u'r'asp luns aluipua} e}salp Pnopriu:Y
oiplT{lqolut a;d"s 13 lnlnlprlllil" e
olB+IIIqcIII a;Cs uiutpual rSn1o1 1 prs-tiu leu-I as PauocpuiPoluuanluleu.rnosle'latziai:.l;leiIc(il
op
oleurlup olaun :et 'e1ue1d e1 t6 e1e1l1-rqotlr
-ouil EI utlu"ppuoJ o etpJ 'gzoin1a:r ap 9plI}tr Puplquloiu o-ilu1 ai-rltii
-p-uPusiAllBLoaIrsll1so-ogosirn-:in1rpioueJfci'agPl,sptlpiuouwululrtuprsupoen?ideqeoriluiplolsl"cocttdilotpito1o{lp'uolo;tJStdr11Pisu'JIio-s1L6lltuinieqrlDrnouul.sEir.loulPi;ssipioliIfaoE,olscuIlEEoniLoJ-lploleuuEJilpeSp11ouLl'nrll1e.i/l-op{lq13tdi]l 3lns!sl'r:r-u-1la!ncJlil
aapolrsppeJpJ:aeuiorlq;rinuedrl'psel-locaullaleie'+lrn,u't3loEoluIrrirrnIalIreuluoVrgedJq'?Fsn'Pp5pulaenuJdJlsnooqu,luc3o[i:Jlglplerituusnrutpl5un-+l1tiocunz1o€qcTibailSea;pil,pl'iniul-ueloosEpca9llrJo]euJJ:ops:lJeaao;t1pilripaePraales,zi;l.oreiiiTll;ctdJ:l
urrcl elerutup op 6urlsrp es e1a1e1a6a-\ 'PIp-Ieuo5 eiutpuo] 'RSUI pll.ri?ll
-isuoJ'alpruJoJ erruporo afuelsqns LiTp olelpuiillp nJ PZealriaullie os
e-rJoppIcJ;o'R/dIlnenlurpcrrJurppedtp;e'ealrroia1,erdt1qgslazpsuouautlureeuluulletl-luIcoi lpJlulpunlieasJfi1o: sa,o!ieJpeloeuSPtannril o,r1ni-rcl trlclorxo luns
.IE o,IPl Erflilriaf]'l:n]
i alpurJup alls ail +tra-I
loee-':iprJ1riapanue.o1rrsluprepoel+a1Jlnu3uapapo0Jaunrspa6ul',aorlroololplgau1llllrraeupp:eopiacpcra1LlulntpaaRoap$lllpaolpuonsur^laluurzsprollXttrpIuplunulequlipPpf'crIiu"tiioniluaotoirntllSupldeuegtniieu-'d9illuedlelnutlostii'p'loqligaeunzzel'alesael1earuuonoPt1lllpllu3els1ar-plliJt-nnJeera:ulJpJ"dpiopluapJqonroerposdLepslIpJpnpoPox-lpsoaIllpeleiJpqotllroeslpnoosrrlIJiooseiololoLsnsIsuqulioEeipTdl''LIolti1illirlli€--!itor.aalrl:u1i,lcI,i1r\s)\l
pJspaurJop as ps oinqol:i nu cliu5 uif iuntl:cc{orcl ui IpuInlI o e:ir-i.'laJ
-ooI-lOarelo:'lltlJXrlpeoJrl,^e,r.pJpoa'l1preelnllts1lnal1l,rPtutnprpuplrspolousnoNlIeJ'glVp'9a':ustPlolu+dosuooJritipununLuJIrooalIoBlllpJlpSi.loau-lletprqr LoaIlclpjlr1ieo3llEgnpll'e"t1i:r-:so:aclsl
E-poaa-ruJrolluanIialelqusrJprIanBarJJlJ-SoJpor]loElJlunespopliuas.uornpeelpaSpiJlfledsaiIr:Pnrliar,erlluJtn:fsoiraiu1P;clneIeqllSsspuorRrepeuP'lorllrteS.n6iatouBurar-nn:'r;rsoe.ueproIcdinlniesalPlarun1cJJo'letaslrul1Jeplupraea+olr6lslsBupsoPleroubtPlipla1p1rlrtol1qe';o9oupul1sstJn,leutern1nenIoJulJo$IelaNqouR1tAunsap'lIPaJBoeeprUalorrpu6u-IdIIJlUptonornE;llll1d{lpuiuiqJ3uloipieull9aipcnp1PllrurouioueooJ1iuultjcrl:n'1s'opl-quuullP1;.lr

',,asIriJSop Drul nels inlnlo:iIiA o1r{roci Ia PairilBll1"

rggul::issn{rnauurerrrpllnrleautnrroiqaranooerrNnJfllanqensl'eolnure,'rltgutarapnpsrJilreerurl;oleoarler}du1eilrrlnarluufetufludptIianolluu'r'ranaIaeJydJcIon:alIrIso'tiaiearJ{ur4tcral:1nlul,dunutqnuI-aonItesisiJIuoninnnl'loaucet+r}lleueu'9iRtoad{)utp:iupcerlJ3epuIJl:un6lleEl3qopfarIlaJz1'1IIllJu^nen1ulo}uo'orl+eTPpnllrJPaouiupuJzlleaJlTr6porLLaIlSoPstrp.-iitfeaJel,JtllliuuduJd
I'aon1du1rsn1Jr1IdB:oaupllJll+lpnnzlule?ta]ulnlEln-ssoBc-ns[ uIa-al1lJenBlsoJelar5acoc,iarl4der't'aao1udfeenul1iSoi,ntnoupuapIpdaII'laUlnlTIIu]aIl.JI'llpspuec:-!lltacr-l1oitr'aan1ps1str{reP:te.nrccalspp

ta cdrora ne-arn obiqnuit sd legdm congtiinfa se simpiificii qi clispar
inecati in intregul unni organism mai pu{in diferentiat. Dar ar fi a};..
surd sd refuzdm congtiinla unui animal pentru ct1 n-are creier, pre-
cum e absurd sil-l declardm incapabil de a se nutri pentru cii ]l-ar
avea stomac. Organismul cel mai rudimenlar este conqtient in rntisn*
ra in care se poate mipca liber, Congtiinfa este efect sau cauzii a mis-
cdrii ? intr-un inteles e cauz5, cdci ea condirce locomotiunea, dar esi.e
a;iceeafestcat,diinspaalrte,inafedloeasrmceicgi iaccoiinvgittaiitnetaa.mPolatrniictae, o intrefine ; inclati ce
fiind fixatd in piinriri'r.
gi g:isindu-qi hrana pe loc, nu s-a putr,rt dezvoita in direclia actir itti-
fii congtiente. hrconqtienfa ar fi semnul r'ietii vegetale; iirsir nici
aici nu trebuie sd ludm definifia in mod absolut. Cind vegetalril igi
cuceregte Iibertaiea migcdrilor, ca acele r.eqetaie unicelulare care ezi-
td intre fToromtuagia,nciomnagltdiinqf iac,egaiviengceotnaqlSti,ecni!gatigadra9tdi conqtiinfa in
direcf iunile aceeaqi
mdsurS.
in care
s-au deztroltat cele doud regnuri. Vom defini animaiul prin sensibilita-
te ;i conqtiiniS deqteptatd, vegetalul prin con;tiinfd adormiiS 9i in-
sensibiliLaie. Ambele tendinte erau confundate in protoplasma primi-
tivd, origine comund a celulei vegetale 5i a celei animale. $i acnm ier
regdsirn pe amindoud in ambele regnuri, numai cd propor{iile dife;.1.
Eie s-au dlsociat crescind. Pentru a explica despdrfirea lor nu e ne-
voie sd chemdm in ajutor vreo forfd misterioas5. E destul sd obser-
vdm cd fiin{a vie inclind spre ceea ce-i mai comod : vegetalul gi alri-
malul au optat fiecare pentru doud genuri diferite de comodltate in
felul de a-qi procura carbonul qi azotul de care aveau nevoie. ,,Sni.tr
doud feluri diferite de a in{elege munca, sau mai bine zis triridir...iii"
Acelagi avint unic a ajuns la cloud rezultate deosebite : in seria ani-
mal6 ia crearea unni sistem tfervos, in serie vegetald la functiunea
clorofilian6."

Sforfarea viefii este sd lucreze asupra materiei inerte $i sX in-
troduc5, in necesitatea forfelor fizice, o sumd cit mai mare cle incieter-
minare. Corpurile rrii sr,rnt, dupd definifia pe care am vdzut-o in ,Mc-
tibre et Memoire, nigte centri de indeterminare. Ca sd ajungd la a-
ceasta, materia organizatd nll avea altceva de fdcut decit sd tttilize-
ze energia existentd, acumulind-o in anume puncte, pentru ca apoi
sd o descarce in mod util cind este nevoie. Primele fiinte vii au cdu-
tat msior calccrilmibucolenzteinueunegrgi iaoaJrleeccuamreeorphlolazuivdperilna soare qi sii o
in migcdrile lor clescarce

de loco-
mofiune ; aslirzi avem incd rin model al acestei tenclinfe pritnorciia-
le a vielii in infuzcriiie cu clorofilS. lndoita tendinfd de a acitrliila
energie qi cle a o descdrca nu s-a pu'rut clezvolia progresi'r 5i egal
atit in regnul vegetal cit 5i in cel airimal ; a intervenit o disocia{ie
intre aminclou5 : planta a rbmas un acumulator cle energie, iai atrjtrrar-
Lul s-ar specializat mai mult in cheltuiala energiei aciunale de plantii.
Astfei, cele cloud regnuri se completeazd reciproc : aceasta este ar-
monia clintre ele. Ceea ce constituie aniroalitatea esie mai aies ia-
cultalea cie a utiliza un mecanism cle descdrcare, pentru a converil
in acfiuni explozive o sumd cit mai mare de energie pctenfiali acu-
mulatS. Astfel animalitatea, in evolu{ia ei, iuclicd clirecfia func}anren-
tald a viefii. La inceput, descdrcarea explczivd se fhcea la intinpja-

316

{Ig
r'-pnPindJnulrar'qslouereur"enIzquiuueo'orfurif:iooo1pooclzlsnduJTr/lp'oiarctlrLssDao:lso{a,.r,lroe:pr'e1J1rq12gt€lre.rrJt€,roqdrsltoseBp,JIod=ndopolosp;i:dn-Ipoe.pssrosduleuIluDnr'or.roorBb-lnuJrelfuer1ri]pno/rlrpBJ)lrpnuDprl$oqarJ.rlduurptpvoouizs.]o:aol(}.)(iiep{rar:

-as ui o-llsi?6 urp rr^ rarlnloAa p a.re3.rnJlq purlrd O ,Elua6rloiul IS Inl
-sullsui : lndaJul BI alpptlnIuo3 olp a]uauplul rra]nd pnop" :]Inur
aal-IpBzlppauIIlcrIurlJraoup'3s)ouerrUuluJrIippnO'rosouflc,oa+rt.urrrJpplrJpu.pIrrqar'TefIsgoeU-LlniararrprAuIoroeriliJnJlrro*opIsJ3iarpsiaaluIr"lprdnRu,orslrrplsdillRgIloBpqr6r-1^olsuIlAllllyuls'InaantruIjsnarilsppnlu*rdnoeusIpnolnrto1rop+llpIp:an|onrlusSl3srap+ao3Jr3rlpaoeerJo-uasndJdaBp'pu'aaFo'lalprJrqrls:arioAlroulrlimATis]
splrlpt n" plw*adolotr Do-Liollrasp uT 'pl,sraootlr}apiIplJlllraoJbppaAulIlIppJlllpllnparruduorruplopIIlIIonBpraortBlrlprlpAldcols/ltrdJpplutrliIlr.i
J-JpB-spIlnuloElusTrzruaBr rs
s,turoJdu-ro3 naJ6
ul
llJap JolllpJsrIII
n'--'-paonuoelllsPnuppae3slrd^raripaIilraJaqdrrsnpproops3ctpruuaIpa/orrrislulApslpdloaurr^lc3I'aJ\enpallop-uJldasJlnaal'rdla:frlJ,JuplBndorrsurlolllsrrJplproauUSlJ^leIpunadpelplBlosIu'sosaluosoilrurrl.perpprpEpulpsbJJru'rrsleoouiurlanJeu!prqlnuiopInzbl.ucrplrn,lrsrzrppnaaJrpl1rppar-6rlllr'ppollrsn.-dntouorlSnrlEa}aoireulllcnaerrluanrupuuJurrpurpn!aueJlBoerpr-p'plLassaausulrrarrp^lpulruopqr.IBansnzlaocplruiultrprJrrllr:ulp,)lo\roapE(c1llt.l,
ar'a-Ec-IIeirrsnlI!IoaBauelu]psJprprru'loulpllr.alrnprlJunOdrpzrlloaJuai'oaeeJporlJfspgunapappin,rJn'lrpdlLlIoapSznspIpppulllaippaao3t'ul6plzcraafourlroelflrroleilSculeJun1altou^rraIudrpella'peolaatuapsJlllrprpedIllptprilsreqluootl'r,uapoeJp1b1llu,laoratplraAasJ1lanloSreppaldaJn.uurlp1gsldlrBoeJs'ularuapuuepslJetllarupIplupSrrldf6pe,oasaorlbaarqrasuoJeelluanr3plcnourrJsJupJepuIrnu-,larasslauBrI1pdlnieaaeolrr.rlJurr1fIaoqlLcprnrlleqErasa1B1rJrgrrcprrJaraerrupSr.naeurr,Slrrueorrofrfn1-3eipgeelaupp1nlaucrrpro1pIlreurorngc]annr-1lddJrtnJo1oerDar1rei.uur,rpr6rurrrlri
-rprrT ,reit J plpiilulll rI lp ra eerefrols r* gldea:p arurl rrr ate; re-s rrl
-at,r eifnlong 'arplnlrlred ra rolr-rplsalrueur B tlrsrtrptuolnp ards elrirpua:
a'ppldoiqlpgp1rleprloarqruleateldsrnrsiof pulieunrosauguu6ap6rruruor1pauprrraflnlalarnnJuclerarlealeurplrlJllJiqNIonuu']rsprpelpJnu+reuJ-Iaerluzr1eSrerlanotlpsp:o)dgaf rdoie;a.alra;rripr;rri
-roI ril lruaruoJJrr-r nB alollp 'a:lpr^ap JsoJ np aloun 'irJeJ:IuoJ olet;o1
a-Spp.tocllupizSrlaerreludr(lso'agrfnrapual lTranupit.Jrclrtolnrcqlznl JnEISa]tJrpJolan]ptlrrlapllnraalpburar llappIaa-iaeolrT]alaill
-xa altrfipuoJ nJ 1r1e a1cin1 ps ln^p e plerpJorurrd gielr,t eele{;o1g
'aunrlprrrurJe:|opur op .ro,\.r32
po---JoosuJprdnsuaJnosls+JaalcpllenlasIulooIpJpra\rpIruEJaapuullJspr Ioaane;JdlnparBlli-llraip6eollrdspaJruulsnruerliulnnpapdllo:JapIordrauJlra'urrIll-,aInnUppl.SutleSEorUfuparor;J'pptrp;{ldnJpee1lnsordueorr{l.leenIla-rJpflrenuresareaprnra-lBinel6r-lupoerarrra{ldur-Joursf'aaniossfcJarJt1ppnaeJJssusasean.arul0iil}ll
urp ,rrsar6ord gzerfuaraJrp as arpJ 'lerrldruoc reur oJ uJ aJ urp so,l
-Jau rlrolsrs un alsernlpJlp as laJlse : prbrauo p6.reaur ps a"rB ere: ect
lgira;rp op arput rprrr JRurnu un pzeauosap os illp nJ 'elpurrup prrag
rpru urrns au 1-rJ n3 'acrpoclopnasci ra allJl6rrnla-rcl oltfrpci
uI sns pqlruv 'eifrartp a5o1e rS-e eleod RS prgJ a1
-eoi u_r pzealdarpul lS-r trz 'a.r

psa!aeaillmtraeafurvllaelaod,aaiiuinnmlulsiteeemeiclniitgviteaeevlrn6eet,elgidebei.nsrtPaatetslueepnaioedcrcetcuieaelcllsoecItaruealdmaouonminunimeudallanel:ltadhlm.aaimOiuceefeinav,loeodcpluoadteufliiernaeetidibiiauifpgncudutrruscnoiancmpratoeuddlladeecezluovinlrtomeSlitniltanirnralgeicnndat,-t-
cea mai milrunatd a instinctului, la cel din urmd cea mai mare dez-
\roltare sa-ainftdecliugtenpleeid. oSue5ploinatiei dar spune cd toatd errolulia regnniui
animal divergente,
din care una duce la in-
sitlcaoetiitalrnfo.,tcr,ect,,$Eleearilmeolataeanmrneimttaaeailaecmliaencpltuoeaiitritraieeglgdefci,inolctofnradascr.noheTsifdiomsie-raiaaosupuldeeiccannllileasiiiotmluvacepriaiguAit,elrsnteiisauusttnmtioveetSaeaai,lcvpielnnirtesicanatolidnadfcacectep,o,tamiucnluaivencreleibrdgeeeapgatliraefrd-nilnii,-i-
vsuiacfcaesvievgeeataietivudn, eini sviniagulareihtsetnindcintitvedc$aireinseviaclteazvroalftiSo,npaelir trei trepte
citd vrame
acestea sunt trei direclii dipergente ale unei activiidli care s-a scitt-
clat crescind, Diferenfa clintre ele nu este o diferenfd nici de inteirsi-
tate, nici de grad, ci de natur6,," (L'Ettolution creQtrice, p. 146.)

oldpusnIeIIqc.ioImsnetpelceloitgemeapnzledfites9aiizsdine. sEotiplneucnpt.,aPtroreatcafuigmaacvgtiiaivifniattderf.li-igesgeuenptrfaaalp6cu9usiei,vnidasatfiarnicantnuirmleaase--
]iiate sunt lucruri de naturii diferitir. Confuzia rezultd din faptttl cd
avind o origine comund, se pdtrund reciproc, a;a cd niciodatd n1l se
gdsesc in st-are purd. Nu e inteligentd fdr5 urmb de instihct, nu e mai
ales instinct care sd n-aibd o licdrit'e de inteligen!fi. Din faptui cir
cisrscicnni5Xedgo*siniuctculnincloinNnestltmducuri,iiezmtcnlppuiicalsleeetceitnlnedecefspsitadivlttonnzlieinaddauicnctttdeottatedoeutedecnlleidmegrussnpeaeteaercisunciniimunttosi.anapoaiontse;mpfntildiorenut-iarriflcsiufieigtnarercumecrseruerdnmtniuinlicdaesSlftecdeunetcnsdniuaaiuauetltcucoedsecpebiomulfgoetemiealintarltpatieicitalnlleidtpu,cact,peaucc,ndcrlfruii-eiitguennamteeerasienidnrnaetddecltuuaeieeifnnclilidntitregaeaeuiisnlec.triteietpineNeleptdalau,iirnrgemqfesseeitic-tlrnncaiaoenid{slrbciidoeitmet,uriiua-nai$9'eis/,r-ii
ttdirveon-earrdnmriseaeiapletedebrisclirnefuuieadtiardleicetdefe:iiesnaotdienatreaibgfTaeasianllc:uebrafniricriuatc,ancamreeeesseuattacnee.ase$uuffloatipiesrclmmauignleetimsauotataienrnltgeaeecalrttanidueecielzitdasiivaneteeietfdfsraaitentebbiri\.rrlzpiincIcenssaa$ituhtetegioluciigbnedceieeeosnicturtetpaune,,untSalepdiralorttdniieufveiib,mcitidaiaamnllseueilne6-,-
ldtuaetis.edaCviedrgleeireamaauoitipmliezulaaltteqieiiincdshteiinaocrrtegdaennuiazascruoennitnsdtsreduc;i ii.itnIpsnrtsreutliunmncegtulitrleeaao1, rmgfiaandiiazbaritnefae,czuinils--
facultatea de a fabrica Si a intrebuin{a instrumente neol-
teligenfa -

ganizate,
clentFeo.loInassetilnecStuilingcdosnevgetenileantienledeamceinsdtorufneliunrsitrduemaencttivpiioatterivsitu,nct uevio-
complexitate de cletaliu infinitd 9i cu o minunatd simplicitate de func-
fionare, ca toate opelele natufii, Si e in stare sd facd indatfl, fSrd nici

318

6I8

e-pa-UofiulBB:udtA+lrSBlueoolueiturnapnu3o3londl{r'ueenaJJJroIrpJolJnaJluIlJuoolenId6-ustnllnaJUepilupBllzlIlfo:,lereduiuropnlrrsncpuatuwrulereeIcfufpIpulllprBS,le3inou1:oIureJulonsan6roIo3uaJ1nu3.{rJJ7RpE9.rpae1alof,J,.pradr'uraaql,lllxroadreioala4bppnleIunaalrelrltn3iJlIlroJlluuliuinrolnzlusnroruncoorll
-otg ,7) ,,1n1euorfrpuof, TJ pA a.rplnl 'arelnl luns airrfrpuor
-nu IJ ',,alsa Blspaop" : eunds nN 'lllS nu EooJ EI IilS eJ prnp p: IIBorpu

BoaJ
euaFln.rroepduIer r+e3paadpasBprSrpralnplarnnsplluesruo'arad1r;a[epldncpoluoleJ1lI1arozlnoreIpJdUaolosJanaBn6Sue;'1llcaueurqrenopupu11nl3J-arBilrsIquloJ1au,lqlnraodl3usrenu
apuird nu palrop Ip ap IaJ J a:Ieu1ruJalop olJalqo 'ro1 ealelrlerJolpur
uJ 'lpipautr eprig:d lllulp IaJ" 'efua6r1a1ul IS inlrullsul : a1$eounl e
e-'tS!proaul'Dtneucr-rqalllasaua1nu'lenp6lorselea,rlu.S1upB!o'aualnJrqcpaagsoJrlalEdpuarorrrJllIluongJlo'ugenrfulosepu6l'raplaruelulucirrpandt us'alrruldatrt'adalf,inrBapuuernoBueInEfcuILArsl
-p'o'-'p---e--ApiraneJloouapJlorfJeuJulruIlluplIpEJioBpErluooasIlrd:rrnellur|pporl*Slrl-eo{uqzellene3alpJornsnlolfsepnllSureelJpR'uapiareafauezraeraeduoar6eorr_disglulrufaplpeuaiesuaJrrliuptl1lpJloureulrnpEiJpguJlnIrpulepnoJfpder'rerpyulJlllSalpu'llJrdrnoaapavao'1a,rrpoaislu3uJlJpptquu':cnnlpJenrl-poesprrltueBalacafeosuuIu{p{.nlseuurnrrnRJpprplrrrar}1€irlrnnua3Ji1rr1ocnpJarotpupiSh-;JdrJpuooaBuqunapuoucuoolpJalzslcarJn,upuanrluplpnJ3pEarli1uroyseJdleurnocrpoIarfrl'eu'aruunptuupcSrp}ie:ntauruppuJnJels:6slr'nylleuplaru'trrp11eipnJolp-;ioepfdeuuIejuJ1anltsrreusepJ-3all+uurSuJ{lrpununplepBor'$aaoJpfdfluauutupspe.usnt+oeprJpaepnroJppcu6pl}pJur$lluus-rlorr{qlnoniulaJrtranrfeor1aoo,}c'ataJuspucdcstr;oJgl]eeroacSs1p.aqurllrcansrcarl6rulert}qlSo1trlIrI}ndeondrena^usfrgplozilpruruJJlfllrpna3unpeaanuuprqlpznIlrrrrla'pS{faalgdllsrdlgs-r1rnroIirouraacruenlnrenqprl1r:}i:ll
--p-a-I-:nuura;oueqaIalJrxnuaod,BcrTaors,tiEoJrzeoIu.pazpqarrrodr-parJorppcrapaaolel1uBrallre1el-uudeqrl,ren"uai1op'uJpusrJoioanopaeedcxosJllluua6apTollriorSsppsousg3pepe''perJleurnrnpanoutuullrqolrpeo,pJagarJlunlrotflosaulapraaJfdrez2ulrrvsold1e3aaBrux;dui'r.aaeaaqaporr-;1rcBpgr'reSpppddgioulunpnnprorr6oauarrupl.qpJStpfea/Suaurr.a,rpA,copIr,nlsalaJulSBDalurilrulJreniSniaoerrit*fulrppurnseDe1,sl1{greauuqlarpll1r1aus{pplsrlua]laorupSrngdrrnrruc1lplrucnaiol$tdlrlco'uereinraioinanpl;ca;srlu1tlraaep3eeo6alp1ll-uaaeuJJe1eltl1rreruef1rnnoraluoJrcrc"p1lJ*rlll
pplrlJna]rJnlprlsIpJorppBaJpugnfrJirol3rcol uanf;uraerap;rIpaJquunns pgciurladbugrrleeluler urp oJsJaIJ : euJalrrr
rS lJur:lsul arllrl
uI--noo'enpaiun1uojJpue.arlal1eeedrrrrIleflu,ruAournnrr+Jal1rnu-aulFlrsqoes+aruarlsruoela;uu1inlpaoeulu:Jlorlgu'IrsdcnJoIueBclJoJr{lJ,eueir[puoJelsopJn1gdruS;s/ppen+nUpraI6ain1.iI1eu6qAure;uI1JBl[rse''nuus1pe'1l1lezeauuJnzppepr.vone1s1,ti:feuun'uuJarenar;oloJlaln;srpb1clbudqurlursulaIa'e1oJIroladEs:uuelRJeCrol;i,+;ilJpuapro'rarsldeuooIpranr3ulpjuJqleeraeran]1'lu.unJ'p3eraatlerusrfnzr6ugruuor-rrJllrnrtnuJgr}JaqJ1eo]eIpoasbeIoJluIru-ao'+ri-1oJpr,r3lrnnlaq1ull,olel1peau3rJJc1rauaa:prae{ellppnu]q1u,sotnnpgauulpeplrJllrrne:sa6JdeuuaBtoed3porJrl

taj incalculabil asupra cunoptintei matetiaJe a instinctului. $i inteli-
Eenfa a apdrut pe lume tot in rrederea utilitdtii practice,
dar cum
cadrul ei poate fi umplut gi cu lucruri care ntt servesc Ia nimic, poa-
tneesdinsadjugni,gdInosticnucntouql tninifcdioddeaztidntenruesaptoda$tei astfei sd se intreac5 pe si-

si treacd peste utilitatea
momentanS, nu poate ajunge dezinteresat. Diferenfa fundamentaiS in-
tre instinct qi inteligentd e fornulatd astfel cle Bergson : d,,aSrunpt eluccarurer,i
pe este in stare sil le caute,
care nullai inteiigenta
prin ea insiigi, nu le va gdsi niliodatS, Aceste lucruri numai instinc-
tul ar putea sd le gdseascd, dar nu le r.a cduta niciodat5".
Inteligenf a stabiieqie rapot turi. La or igine nu este o facriltate
dezinteresatd, ci una condusd de necesitiifile acfiunii. Raporturile pe
care le stabileqte au in vedere activitatea fiinfei r,iii. Ea se exercitS,
prin fabricafiile ei, asupra rnateriei inerte. Dar clin inert nu refine de-
cit solidul, fluidul ii scap6. Obiectuj ei principal este solidul neorga-
nizat. Inteligenfa nL1 se simte in largul ei decit atnnci cind lucreazd
asupra solidului, asullra soiidului delimitat ccnform trebuinfeior fi-
in{ei vii. Ea introduce discontiiruitatea in continuui realului Si nu-$i
poate reprezenta clar decit discontinuul. Din mobilitate nu retine de-
cdrora se poate
cit pozifiunile fixe, asupra erercita activitatea : ea
nu-gi reprezintd clar decit imobilitatea, Astfel ea dezarticuieazd realui,
-rcteeucroeamajupetuoinrceualirnsapcotaerliriuciseluticisdipseteesmctea. rLdei-emi bianatidjnuecls,leccousmvupibnutniuneitrqdeiaugcpoainorcereiacpletituallteie-g,aeuggippieura--
mis sI se libereze gi si introdncii ;i maj adinc discontinuitatea in
continuul realulni. Logi.ca pi geometria sunt crealiunile ei de ctipetenie.
Tteo1cem, afiiepeenletruluccdruorpjerseaauzdconnucmeapitec,uitsllogljiidlquel n;liac, ioisbciognntiuniutdul,cucuinoebrietucl-,
nu poate sd priceap5 ce este viu, ce e evolufie, Fie cd este vorba de
viala corpului viu sau de a spiritului, inteligenfa procedeazd geome-
triceqte, ca gi cu corpurile inerte: clescourpune gi recompune, dar
miqcarea, progresul, nu poate sd ie priceapd. este
naturalii a,,Invtieelliigi"e, nla ca-
racterizatd printr-o incomprehensiune
Instinctul, dimpotrivd, este modelat asupra formei ins5gi a rrielii.
Pe cind inteiigenfa trateazd toate lucrurile mecanic, instinctul pro-
cedeazd organic. Dacd congtiinla care doarme intr-insul s-ar degtepta,
dac5 s-ar interiroriza in cunogtintd, in loc sd se exteriorizeze in ac,
tiune, da.c[ am putea s5-I intrebdm gi eI ar fi in stare sd ne rilspun-
dd, ne-ar da pe fatd secretele cele mai intime ale rrielii. Cdci instinc-
tul nu este decit continuarea operei prin care viafa a organizat ma-
teria, ln aga chip tncit nu putem spune unde se sfirgegte organizarea
$i uncle incepe jnstinctul. Tot din pricina naturii inteligenfei nu pu-
tem pricepe lesne instinctul. Ceea ce este esential la instinct nu se
poate exprima in termeni intelectuali, nu se poate deci analiza. Ne
itloripuqtuieermii.eNdveoaolucsfieiaoarnvmirsianteisdmeasuiulnpsvruaefdiicneiseitninnlcaitnuirnlsutteii.nlicAgtecoensfesteiu, mtaenioaariliizdsiniefcerireetdenuo{cerliloialer debociucoid--
rlentale pdstrate p*_rinosienlteeclifgieen;{iXtrdaengsrmadisaetd de la germen la germen,
neolamarckismul : ac}iunea judecatd utild
de specie sau cle unii reprezentanfi ai ei ar fi produs o obignuiniii,
care s-a transmis ereditar, qi astfei ar fi devenit instinct. Totngi ma-

320

EUS fe BiEoJ €€ri"g EP-,]

-a1eaeo{rlulJe1drs'a1ino1ileSJa$ltecrulrstiodaprrlo3r'eprpadlcpuclappa'rrEecrso.trn,aoesallfeiaspelnrl'Ee4Beaas,.rilaepuelqjrgeiq^ppuairenllsJsrofBrupoooupp+raoprra^rpnJpJfo,cxustrelJ.qdrer1arlsaoJprrlnrru,anroerlppererraiuluellpealporderriOrcuclrBnreoos;;cpiptepnrne$seloen,sl1cap1lu,lrnearnugcsr3up$inpuurau:lleJ.irri
ra1ap'e-''a-Jaliarsn1cqlnrprrnSodprulolloqr1rJuas'o1J11la1rlpraue1rngrfnpeanen]Jcuuif-s1b_1u,a3tn1nsrolau5ro'1e;-ul,upeitlr-ealaerIaurrieferr'1pruaiBprrrpa4Se1rocplpa1rsrturfos3elauloleggueufrdarJu1rrasluraelo1'rorrabdour1dauorsIJuap1noaaeeaanf.psl0irlpprJlspeJJpurdnuor.n,I1oplJnrIleprsBralie1elel-tauroupr1s{zaz1JJureIrslpJ^up"Rrs'oarIBlnuurprln.lspupo63npupuJlrrplIluzoellloIoRqiuSla,fsuJJprljcazrraJopJl;ararulasrpddulrarrprrl;1uoacsiuanJulcrlrrnexc1SepullerriorurCclnepfe1euaepepf1lra1el.fd-eeunIupslr1Ilnuila,t|Ss1lrrtaaedr1zlna$cnnIatoJi+^luuurpnpczlurJoSuqfiJe-BiApcrreaor-ti-r,otfrrr_dIcudscauIrranuallolupaicaprrral1el3pr1ul1E-J-xp.Jrlau,ulorel.a3iafereonduoseea;.riJucprenelpirarigrseralrlr$ro,rlscle*eri6Juulqulr.uaBiloanoepujucnJ:rs1-t3rs)lrt
-I-p-'----'ap-laollnlBSpxnlloIulBpiiiJaaalaaJ)BoJl3Juprrtnaur6RllJuunuuuuuoiqnrJne3:rnralIplliclrlquusrlJaJuaaIqpacoropuelnpppapIullllIrlulusI"pruqp'rJngprlBoracreoaprrlfu'lnadpeuFaJllsrappBnrrrlprluolerlouleleoclJSslaollrJllploJruuraoplsa'Juoaoippsurouu'lpa1firlronJu3rulpJIprunlaoneaneaB'I'eoal6lJJrplauuuJola1raroerlo1tlfuoaunuinurea31JtnJpnuarurl1crlrJpopanullllu3onpegJtn,alorrrsgrpnunpualruppudr,sploerlepleen1as6ozpua'eoedalpaou1pc.,;sfurrr'lrdus-nulireefdauauaInnrflllaIaarelBluuenslUxlslroSrpBaauunaIpAplnleIlliaesllpgantesIeuB'rJlcnuoIlaallsrunnenr1rlalrlapdJJ11peaul1apapniedueeelrls,rnlpserel1rrralsdarr+lduelfldnlrspauraunreaeupluapsuelIgosrd:pnlrJp6rcelcoerrlerrltluaLad3ur1.{ar1Jgapupppllaurlan6usd€aJuo1rpJilneJ6l,uuclLeJspeen1rlrnrT,ueroln1u1o{IefIlcarrsueIerrJrRJnsllaSp1fysr'ra1r+,l,n1ulnJrau$erurnS1eue;ooararorsr.nuB6uJa,pllp1,usuoRpoBrairraruBnurprproJiaizu1g1rilnrlo;leuaaplo1arreJlrtpCufsoll1pdzirruarl.ean.rl,*a1rr1p1ragu..o;arlpprp1f*,uipicrle-e.suuuu,tlrelretuaiaJ1aTaaaaoeru+-iar6613i5o-rllar)Jlrii
pp--ole------fnounuooo,sJirEurxEpraullotcs.pprpeprrpularll'rrulllqrunrrnlr:1stoodIlle)no-3leJBl1nrRJ'uule.ar{zor3pusolior.auulprroJuo{1ilagl1l:atgers6rlSlFsu';oiprla$pu*r{'eI'eoloparlaoe1erlsA,pnJfflllluueo.ierrpoorBrerfrr;ens,rdaulu1BsIuupzrJedloJraqvfpgIJouluIlrrnJJ'lUu1rg'onJrrnauaArdnlo^abraup6slrlnapspoepreqer€lulJJuoeonsqpplasgrslllorlIRucduplIu3ulSarpneooone:I:.JospadIlrpuoJBeru,qfrneouaelup1sepusaBr[fJ6rcuqaJ1rlcnuazlrlapn1raroJp1prJeluronapaapJc11aJ1lsctcuJopCe3,oplr1speuc[afIJengJurlrisaruuadrcrSaIe,dplnrrurluio[pIqn,ersnaezrloldrslulrerolltl{]nnJeoudBeasrxJsuxuscarluaefrrrrpru,:ptl;lDrlnosJadsdgrrigu]au}iulSnJlSrpajaprroJeurouJJurne3^aiIBalp.lnn:en,reqsJJauIqrlnluluJanprolp,}peun,rzfob,roll,orrroln+aruelnnulllillucnrorr)drolulno-1irasrpiuxerrJ$xr-irloslssioeicelqeil-r1{li-lloo]aiaoeopnr{re3uur:llp:tsl1\)rll

grp; 'epelcl ezeazrlu-ied lSonrau rrlluoJ u1 r-rnigcteftrr ur.rd :oierro.inrlqr

1-r1!rIf1eoeriauleclcloroldiBaxlnBapJrapAplaillpnupal rqB6llrJoopllsIiJBooJBoslrJduunrlslrseduJ!rpSaJlaIeIuJrnpaJrlrB3al+upJolpopsrreuJlJaposlaoeul_enrefuJlaugrnfoug;rripl'aS1ruiera.ar-c-6[l

in sensul intuilirei, fie in sensul inteligenlei. Intuitia, ln primul mo-
ment, pare preferabil5 inteligeniei, pentru cd intr-insa viala 5i conqti-
fiinlelor
inla rdmin interioare lor. Dar spectacolul evolutriei vii ne
aratd cd ea nu putea merge mai departe. Din partea intuitiei' con;ti-
inta s-a gdsit pind intr-atita comprimatH de inveliEul ei, incit a trebuit
ms5icsatrpimotrefizueneindtueifiianteinligiennsftdinccat,readoicdintsedresnau imbrdfigeze decit foarte

i $i lncd o imbrdfiqeazd
tn umbrd, atingind-o aproape fdrd sd o vadd. Din partea aceasta, ori-
zontul s-a inchis numaidecit. DimpotrivS, conqtiinta determinindu-se
in inteligen{d, adicd concentrindu-se intii asupra materiei, pare ast-
fel cd se exteriorizeazd fal5 de sine insdgi, dar tocmai pentru cb se
adapteazd la obiectele din afard, ajunge sd circule ln mijlocul lor, si

ocoleascd piedicele ce i ]e pun, sd-gi ldrgeascd indefinit domeniul.
Odat6 liberatd, poate sd se cinatoreardcodrmasitueparzadinintetrri-oirnusluai".9i(Lsd'Edvoe;lutetipotne

virtuatitSfile de intuifiune
crdatrice, p. 197) 2a Cu ajutorul acestei putinfe a inteligenfei de a se
lntoarce asupra sa insdgi gi de a degtepta virtualitStile de intuifiune, vom
fi in stare de a ne apropia de realitatea vielii 9i de a-i pricepe evolu'
{ia, nu construind-o mecaniceqte din fragmente desprinse dintr-insa,
ci interiorizindu-ne oarecum in insdgi migcarea ei.

gpeinndeIrVaa.clduS.mpCiercieotuanascltieittauptieeusnqcei ominvaateesvrtiiddaeli;tnialtdaed.BmSeeirrgmasbnoiinlfdiceainsretteraosdvpuieeccefiirif.eicViitnaetdebeairoilfieoegndoiae-
tmtcuru-elugunenie.tlddoFroriitimov$sieetoinitfniiiuiatiEfuaicinceiedn,aeccsoastmarueenentsestseuetsreaienbmntirfloiiataadilteuaeclaSeesirleuooanr dcccueauglteicrttedaabltrieeiugiSeaoirsimdil[euarftaoeietbreiieEitii,npnuuauirtteeienelanirine--
seam5, dacd Etiinta nu se mulfumegte cu o vedere exterioar6 a obiec-
tului ei. Dar cugetarea bergsoniand, odatd impulsul dat, nu se opres-

5ltHueiqie,ctneper,2oriacdaBeietneetirnIgifpdtsiAroisivannui,dnraep{caaraiipnnnrfstoiialmoaatpsuspeouriinfpiuuraalEnt fievraarlieantnipectfooeiarrzddtmuefmdreiacilrodianrf{eodiedreldiancxittnirfrtaae,poE,itirnniedstidieenteilanizsgrcaddetp"nricn{oudobtnrmaeqrp,ei,ilp.neirnxLestiuttiipaecinatxieactrentda,leelBdelocfoioic]gnontsarssitoitirrnsfauaocirctteeulou."--i
t,a,eEzdxeoevminepdleifalteveozdaaeret*naintrtsuetzinteocittue-lxpe$emi ocpraleicreudmBeeilrnegs-satoinincinltetodaainrnctarelei.zeFcaeilzoledsomsfuualnitsc-aoadmpmpriiirecaexbepi,lutnalusedsmeeax5piiioppaua--r
friensaint,sodreicleaeexelimnipnlaut,cpeoaatre fci iipnuututiocsmd-aii intentionat, dar oricum inconqtient inte-
infirme gindul." (Asp?cte anttopologice,

ec!. cjt., pp. 148 -143).
rtsiudialieefiiineleiOsonutiurguciicfiai.iitesD..idiiannerctsatuvsinneicmcditiuae"ncttsoecdtdationddraceerfteiqi,co,ima-asaorrereftifacdiqSfiiJizo-.oaipcf,ra,aiBn*".eid.isrloregaiblsaiiopetuaneci-rtssuoo-lHa"bneia$etlnrdicer,taiuzirBlintepeasrcristgnaetsdrfeepoelnusvsri6aon.qsrtrbiueeisplnxliermdaaclpttdeailneuztessetpoidnraercsiemtup*uppitlnuruoa---i
iasnissbutiilpnitrcaattuellu. siCeiunssiatuutseitia,zmci iacciuiptouorftiiucnleninaucaptfaudrtdeemdreeafoiSerticecpteiteagiscnaedirieenfsectciontnucceteuaplztudsadpl6irn."icn(eIabcipoddnemcae,prpete.fl,e1c5ia7ta)r.
pldoeesnsoptfrriIucenascie:naaftriruelnoinlspideolef-ud,,als,-|paincreeesctavirzaeepcadruzoir"nbaaat,rLbeuiiinlacsitaidcvnhaciBop*nlianifnegfcraaeoi,l-nibpqiteliicetadontteicnd"aelaeesixgoipnuausrr,netiecnoarcirltmeeu,liulciunid"itue(H/ixbfierce'drnioermcmi h)Be.eetorridgeiscofeit-,t

322

tzt

e-a'-oIru-alorsJEaarIinJrSio'inplaprulp1lnaraJqlluoJneposrlussdpoIrenpaguanlr6peIpcJesuJnerrpurnpelupo+rnosaeJJoolrpBpzlpJpoJr,lsanneoqrll+operasesuruaufouglpsrraSlJooSpesr0paJeeeurfcn^aaeeJlpsIornaBtprpsJrBglJrlapbaoAliaJepanllasl.uaze3o;rf1rualaBunafl1qp6nuorarae1nlr6auorfrern1lr,arusrrcfllnuputulsrlrlarnllprpIlrBaarlRlusJaplrJilprnirloul]epnpeJJsupaDupoqBl
pppu-o'gJlunJJuspJsIpaolpuiuEOul'olplafpl3rlgpd.ef'pRiJ,erurptplunilooslue'ollrrrulqurrff1enouloloarqd,'nurprr"1aaraull"rforurppoSeclautullr+nrnluleRulnocrprreJaaiuprepuafdJpopJolnusrurrITelufnapleapJnJpaprrulrleJsuotleupeosurerlprseIflfdipiguello,SStunrdol'oppjunJ,qpuuI3lrlosBu1nlpep1eorI,la0aJleplpnJuluqlspJprdnlruouueursTufpiapoorrcno,udederp.JuourpI'aurolclnnprrl,dq,calle\rslrplpnrap,rqlripiurareaTulpdni]suqoBBurIorifnrrslucdsluelpoeoorr_rurrrd3rrnr"rdIlurueasnd+rJeqisJrnreeelBlnzsasacpVJu'peoaAionpprIu.nrorr+r1ferrr]eoasen-oaupr3a1li!ll
eelncl lup lualuprior{er earraurosp un nr uleeurrenpuurard}sear]usol r:.B)iSAuII_nJ3]
-raf, psul 'soIJIA JJaJ un nJ puRrfios 'luarede
rp^ pJpJluoJ
u-Iuuf1uppa_t6urrSlnae:lruu:r ronaplrnodl1a0rnl]rrlrJrorraSlspapJlpplsfupuoaa_Fur:rlleoadelrulrerolrap6pJnalrplrleu_dilearpsJorerptrrofutlaurrjuquaor6arelauan..eg. =rp6s;,S6'eg6b1un1ci
rorrrpiJrn.{ol JeulJd. nos-er1uuauudnrf1e:rp,1'rooe}fpuuea6pl1sle1rxaia}aupreoepulzrpal,rupleo{u6oo6el 1tuloIeluJls-urilspeeelderupar{liunsdan'prJuuonn,rtlu"p,de,}aleeiura[iprr
plapI-p-IIuI'ppoe-aa-np--BJnpnpnuuJru^orn:lser1ueullrppairltlrrtlls-'nor'.lrEruaps6.rllirpg'L-nprnnLrait1olireuipolaulJ1dEir3dJrlrrgr1Jl+rJorJario{Il-l,rpnaniI-sErliruSrleiplJr1anriurpugdzucpruqpoaszrapurnJlausoterTeoblpJe'6lrrrlla''alllJllaglnpuJJprlErrsuluesspeintlrliallltJornarorlrrulepIr'IBp3JlllclxfnpnslIsru}szpulnJplAocluarJl6IIulopJArollrJilpeIell!srqaro;loepalzaulJraaqJ'ouueup3pJJurrrIledpgpl,rionipanullptona,IlnR'uopJuzaerpIdplplsoJaorJtso'aupJialnrRoJarrpgtJupaapnJnuu0pJngapprpUsaJpd,erp1nJBssuJJ-uep6-eJai1pJrelsTBpror1ouoalI-up{rInca1cpplreannCJlr1ru1rslpSeIRrJFelJralllnrnd3'rJpn;BoponpJurs'ep3ClraRs-.u1enpJrlgrdaTo-anuacar;eernrazfrarildJrnaualrsuJ;odlopo[pBelupuelenJunaardapspJerdaJuIulllrpq}:Ja;:tr6esgoeanupoIoIrpadea,stau6p;aapdr'cJol+lrrrpnaJiB'xa:nlqp+lcglneIr,0Isi1rs3rarrlaSsluc,rAtlnadurerls0opllruu,r{nrIu-plnir3lezptnaauarunelrz:rolaneicsppsoJrara_rppncaIIaInljrpnlJrrlup]g-up{euoeronDpplrrierrJsenpilaraprprpuppusearaaJJzsrufbslJralJloli+plasduppplgisapJrrralIIlslepurrulJSnrearaullrerur-lamauopreriaIapalr6pllll^opJBn1rR'pJprnBplplpraiIiopJuaelpu1rlruteorareaarlopaiJJr.T1nxsruuirIerppupplI:rlloaa{pneudprIueiutnr'uepiIr1rueorupaliso;pJrlI}JdrapltsournuuJuuolptzuopaBgldeailpla}ulpsnrraqfpor;ole,r,Billvr'eroepnurlrlJpBnniiprlplaada1I,IlpoT1,uls-es'IruneucBrdplJalalJlnrplro{1rnerrarnuientRuruopli+ue[elrplpeolmroanrr1ouar1Jeaualrpicrr,rlpdirdo6a1srot1unenalSJgl+oa1cauer,iJlfd{sreas:illpuunzorprapas1ueu'r;l,e11Trl-a3rpinlp.raarxrprrr1Jer6rp"reauduro^il.pairdreopj6tstnraranucprrr1uorlperdoo}ls1erauoor"1nauesur;AsepcaprrSppl1u111lsua,ll}ljl

--eourltrorpoo-prcIlqscgeldcairapru6Jo1oosrqpo",ls,"a,J.ieifatilSsel-d",pi-uJrstp?ci,l :iiJroi,i:6,oSioliliq?tatlio,?+T-ujtrliflfei'tllla;i

tre rncelintafsizitiiceirin$si ultSiini;f5n.iciintSelteiicnlf'Lar,anlisimcir:flilopsuor feic,riacl;eal-cirautncltei ncuonpcoealltee
ie;i
icll1;;ctmllm,inol:aitoio:eerifeatifginieererirtn.,:za-eintvnIllcpreitilidtfnnjciiiuldilmnictul'tfXlloimllrsitusiasc-uri.ascIt;caS',iaacrar.o'iAirjre,.tnlfitliiifs*lreiictatiriss-tapiFinrieicebicnan,r,rfaeit-iqeuuetie'rc-Fisrptiiaeiircl[h,t,jirtip'ciijo,ti1irietglmironiidclipsisl;eipipr1autcit6ge'nfmlcrirplcaciieeipciiidvtfiaetcef;oeetiteiimist'rti1Llc,,agucinaocanieliaeftPseaefiietri-zcjiuceiiggu{ealpiuaainorcedt9isrvnclauaueistiiirtlecezoumrrcrolaeuenna9aicpezafallnpai;iiieeeipttciaiurtirelcuuie.eccdnuicr(Srrclelai'e$erae'iaeitatcoisrpiiilfnsusi:clfiaotnaeiaueEstit,naeirfnvtiomtccaSsifiieecineogihiue",tnilunirlcectier;linicietnisrennisrun1ouro-uaacftplucaeaniaagiuicu'lllialSerllnitttil;im1rasnzi9tteanieliietdpeXeiniir.efnru:necg5oss:pdllcts|-icemia;elitouoettorafheinniigrlbitrcecaouneef.ti,gsiclir,i'elliiLfeiuitnimitc$fi^aznfiiiffsatlcriciafioaireierilic-zr.znoi9,rts'liieuiier1crpscainpc1,ru-eiaosiiiteuuclni,cdfiuef;ionii{fLidieiaaceenonrisiaeirnp1ifegnc"iguclliltht'c,tlzmcitiirtnar;iesrlini'utrnluertrelo'iieae:aeo.---------
oi1!celiirtfeafciileilecarseaalileitadteea.sVuproraincdelsodliaplute15cufiirofisgoifiatribdueansaulep,raoSreticinlutceel ca

la

loiui cle a inregistra pur 9i simpir"r, punind intr-insele rnai mnlti1 1:re-
cizittne, hotdririle care-i ajung irevocaj:il date.
sitirditiaj.tutStmni.;;tuip.c!eenioiti"ieerr-;i"eiielrcinoiua;ilrui.;.tou.siiemtao.lc*eufir"nlFftriqiissoeiituC;ir"t."ulasiie"eatiis$,ei5r1o.g6fvlmlc6r"ios^aii.ffcitnafgfie,"eiipincj".n*itiriiz"ttjfceiiriiiAp"eaziuui;npi]ia"'ciaispict,urcacca'eaeorilitreiul,teaninalctimseialrsii*p-tnii-ribnlernpeertlreisctreeretrsanliebfoetptptcit-iedslaaaittrlriaieairsoiloirrptotanuomseldgicl,dais"lfi.areliaiurlzul'ripicefzngprcmSdecaciiierCierltritenilntouat,csrecJaecu6n,\tiijNireezidb:azllivi€,fnttirceiiolriadiicircceeitcrceit-ticdntpqinacireciealieii,dierouvpi,isoeuac]iriesrrccrciunitibmeaemrrpicitilesaofrluiiirztiaelulllp.italdriivtisaciu6-eeordiarlenceinuetp*aiitacVrst:crsifiaiaindo.errmncuI,aeuldotooieoeajiiaumein.puinrumnitr1V.,pagio-ierlernittcnanTlectre'eaefaeda$cornriairsioigsrrutceie'r-cbt,riiitir5animt&iueeelceraltoicuiiitfpcarfnd'iafaailnniiicedpgriicsnaoieeneictcdce*teilnocaraaipulc,ltlictoreierpli,riteijlvfiteiisstnserr:ir\g-n,ctdre1ieiifreiiiedrearrciicepaetlr;,c:-rvact,cx'ani'e:z.ci''creprucieiaedsrdlipenirilelelu1nuvletiepedner,iirrlfluerettt;di:ruitearoietiri,c"teiiceirpol;'tfcrirnrieeec:ia:Eiaict;non.9ceos:irr:rcra4?xrn}ctasiiic,cionsre:lcitnisenjmbanelipauo!i-torezffo,:iicirr'isiulitasniclIrleoiennaaliettnunoieinsli{eitairnusilgimiliSsaictal:qiluEtnioeatr1cirtei1e'vgiaiis'mtofebipagrirtlti,nsilfan1ene1iiuliiiiiczcaoriiiincetucnc-i[ncinfneiidetidu'epislostgaalfreiatcrel.uflpi'ire"ieputtiraaetrnclntncr'fue-e;ipielemltciilgnes5ieauteieulilligriai-lsraceieeoig;*ciixdit*ccdnareiotos;it,mrnie;tpriilufcimcsgpnneirncuanjumeeFsktneczeia.eslirot'fi.tn-ia5leeii1rroiivtitoiin'ci!cosioLrecritcDiuu-iiacnpocitiioen1tes'caztrcrihaii.ullrrcleouact;irt'nlrla,llteroeeeitiitiurfeiero$ishtiecp'iltiiii,iugglvitijoep"a1eiJai,ntie'nne-ijencrieriiaLiCcr,il,c'Aiac;rfielttucsiiairtuieiaecitagerceciegrisileacrcltuanruiiniioilregrtraSaltiniugsr'rifoaealffrnftiSnarsceeniiFe9acennsitr-----i-a----e-'-lri-i-iiti

324

9Zt

luns rJpf,Slru IaPJnoppI a]SoJV p'oi JoapdnarJaot]ru+TruoeprSnEaSsnadrronrllstrraa^rurpr ap olpf, ad
ealrop Ie op Inrrrlrd ap osarord
Ip-I'nJJtnqfgoJrsplppdqu+IoeJrplf-rur.rlIiiiaqprorulssr'ldBqarxspslIapeIenBuaaprAplnBua3ol'erJaJlaer'dlrluerJulJa'rsrllJeuE'apneusplsr:naurtdllSrosoatare1ufaa,$pr1refururn1raarrr;1;rpuparrnir{i?lplTa1l-"trp.r';1llrde1rrSr.rlr.per'ololla$EJlerpIiutRcrrrlraTi1pulaen-atdor-rl*rpippIu'larBpntuurolrufrluu3udareo{l_lrosfrrireJxpaalas3pl
-uI trn leilrnu lJ 'pleal plernp o uIaJpruaA'_aJ-}{lo.rul urHg:a}lrurJllp€-sf na-raur aJeJ luoz
'lllp}iler"relaur r*
-arc{ un-"i1ulp plnlpJ pfualsrxa o
pra-t-InEnrodleldalunxp'ItagpapfJer.:rieroIdeuopsilsndpiuauuue3eJlroelfpt'tsB,lrSfui,elenlofr-ied,rlJianrtltlrpuuuoloot{rp-uurdJru1ariloJlueriuIplopoaJlrJaJlupolpppsrdi-rpIrrarlrsupurpureourIlBfJlifr$aIuoonounql1lssun1oRLoJsaaus-slrlr^u€r'aJa3'JareosrolaliSarrn1rBullrni+ig-rnesrcnlrr{tsuf?ru,EioJJTarJoplols]prfer{slIs?ioaela1pr'oIerirla3}IlaprBtRoprrs}u-IdrreillIcn'ol€rgrliusnurlp'.reroglaseosaElJlz'-rLsgaa6nT.dolunnlJ.zprro]'iEasorsso-e}oareiued-rJurrrr
ra-lo.rrarpiplf,uoarlrlJsuoo?p;uAnr?sj?s'lrl:ot]1lsaJdeaaA'plreliroirdleearulrerSraarsdroaoJur3isnala3oJetr,it'rurn?r?ultpnJlaunJesiarJsapalnSlde.eraoJarlE"rr-oTgJn6rppea,at1rltareulul{ruTaauulfr),
-]aOurcIJanlE:lsJIuuauprzlaJejJ'rBs,cqaXiJlePuL'no.\--arp'1iousu-lirru1aeaq.lrurr1qlruGrrz,prtl^AnI'ao'rJplpnEupslrr-ulJprJltun--ilrolrlaloerJlldalslroLupsroci-;itlalpraliturliro:oillr.lnirlrpraicforrlleuiJlriplrio1rIJs-'gqppsporJfI'J:Sr)niloEap)o6;\Jn1lI*ju-oara_lrluopecuJr
opInu.rlgpndJJlou'aralpllurruotla:r:plluoou-srdluuprirnsdJ'ra$rugrrnsfuqu1raisJBJsd'1uearrfdiulnrrso*ee,,1.aainrlplsrosusclrarJrr'iqlipfrr:llr'ruol.er-nuIlcoxlsaeraiedp-isnepEeul1ruIuarnr1lrourp,ll]i
-Lrr'alelrlpnlrslolui ap suri"rlscl url,nd reur Ts rolra]xa ap sui,rdsall Tl2ur
lllo;\E eJ paoJ prclnsp 'au13u1 pJlspou u-rcirisp rueJ]ualtroJ au pLrl3
t'ttZ 'd rs llnlrr
'ralIOtt4ADegrrtcoJuoenrnnslpo{^r8I ,a7d)'1,e,'1edrnurdoJefuleorrlirrleaJlurtrrua{aJprrrrorpf,spr]rlplrrl{ lrior\ ill
IeLU IIIS ptrspa)E Li{ 'pllopu1rue ad eaurfuor oi a"ref pJols o-r}ui efuabrl

-Elileor
u-al1l"u'ar lrlSpiprro"rloalEt LuEdaudrrtlSrSauoleatrrpounJrrtrIpGrtf?,ipII1
!s arnrlaJ] lrlrropT s,.rsso;o.rct

praun pzaua5 arJJsop uralnct
noe--uolrprIralr'ap+orrluspnuaJpriol3rlL,i:\.r)paerruiljrujir'r1usoisrgou6uloprntltE3I3ues'rnrrruaarnardpfllAesneaauloaJeoA;euulaalnIrodoalrluJsr.rslnruiipnJo!oprtiullSnrtrnri1ltt'raorsrrdr,uS,arsr.:lpdn1afsc3rraitpauplr6'nIpreEllroaca-rlls.ullaaarntlirit.e,urrrclrrlsphoo'+rI?piprulppog1ra:1,z)r1isu?pllf'ait,pleJll-nIrlo1tip61l1l
reEer1alJolpntn,udrrllfeupu.ernAdruln'R;ps"LrsIJr p'o'rg*lslngtotsrllaeurJ11xaaEp.ralorilosu^l-iirrouIeJ_lfureJElrRARnXS'guapollisutl3nrarqcau{aprgrnlostlipJtal(iVr;uanr'z]uarn1frJlc1oet;resBoqIBiIpt"rpiunlJlio:rrl:ucpppnLlonirnrJr,sTa}'ppapndiJsrioJr}?crlslil
-urr1S eiuttrSouno 'iilolA Inluaurop utr 'nluJruop lsaJp u1 utlncl IaJ 'rol
-urlEounl EatrelrAllplar ug efurparJ lru{rtrB a.iudsiq 'ln}nlosqp opur.icl pr
aunds ualnd 'ra rlrpz!{par olalunu?ure nu 'rrJlzrl e plerauaO eurrol reur
-i1u urrArrd plep 'pr u3y '1ea:au ug etSlru oluod as nrr eatrnr{te rS pr
-spauouio eaunrfre plrJJaxa as rrralEur rolsaJp erclnsy 'alezrue6.roau
r-aurlraBlpauirrciIansluooapruopup_iuJRI dps'e€JAEaJiaa+eI1J rsp6 €,t' InlJalalw 'ny,r r* Uaur oJ]
e6tlSir as arpJarl 'eprerd ps 3ol ul
pA
o'psurJpnJruzilJprplaput'arSlaroarfu1qu*i oaulznn;rJuEoIJJooa]II':elutuI1I1J1p$A'lrEI uaa;lJrJadl ToSpnlaurpuarnd3. ersepsuplc6l

in noi, ca gi in lucruri; in diferite ngeraidnec.hi,p,Nriiircni ,snpiacliiuml antuereiastneua;ae
strdin de
de natura noastrd pe cit
tranedgulai;lgrideiadeniefoeacao."vmdeSpecellenestzreeainnfzaituiannlssiiulpedniriinintnouealsuespixt,arteitsniuussgeplne,eratacrettdiixtftidcenineeas-loiorrloepmcreiaenzltitazirnfa-itoztdeicosSlainmrienlscucpaorariniefeqiutmi$,edniestis6nuie,--
Spaliatitatea perfectd, de aitd parte, ar consista intr-o perfectd exte-
rioritate a piirlilor unele fafd de altele, adicd lntr-o completd indepen'
den{5 reciprocS. Dar nu e punct material care sd nu iucreze asupra
tuturor punctelor materiale. Prin urmare, materia, degi extinsd in spa-
faiutr,ibdIduinel emparaicctieonnraidauilncctdeatroacaecrefleiulaanlitcierp,it5cicrifiiiieoksrateenito,iennfuoeremesdstetefadcbcdsuotsdluptgaialniuttailnsnaiur.faecsttteltdufini
noastre de a percepe. Inteligenta, in atmosfera de snafialitate in care
se migcd, nu gdsegte in materie decit proprietdtile matettatice, geo-
metrismul sine,
latent pe care facuitatea de percepliune li aduce cu
nCcdeurnsocuqantritnenfaruirnamcaieniaetsrteainiceauslntteeorgnntuiabmtiilva. eiDo?epneatreacoinroiraeaszctuurbnltodigniaiunnietaiinti:nogmseaiuilusscipruicrlrietiudn;l,nss{iae-
reguleazii dupi lucruri,,sau hicruriie se reguleazd dupd spirit, sau
tIrne.breuaielitsadtep,rmesauippuonaitnetrfei olaldcamruiptreaiatr9aci dsaplsteiprriitnriatoutilrciSoanr, clfaoi rdmcaaanriefdlaKmraginsdtteernciouiat ssin6-a-.

ginclit, intii, pentru cd nu
teligenla, al cloilea, pentru cE nu atribuia duratei o existenfd absolu-
td, punincl a priori timpul pe aceeagi linile cu spafiul. Aceastd a pa-
tra solutie ar fi cd nici materia nu cleierminS forma inteligenfei, nici
inteiigenfa nu-gi impune forma materiei, nici n-au fost regulate amin-
cmIdadoatuoaecirefipaoerrasimgn-ia6triun-covaoedmarasrupmiuntano5ten. ui,ea,nAapacrecleaeaslsetataidaltbgaaiildipimdaep,ingtdtacraruderriascc-5srae.erepaofrizopdgfr,diriecninsuitavccnieeanlltateuegridiia(tiJlin,mepnupelr,anmtinr5Su-,i
telectualitatea spiritului li materialitatea lucrurilor." Din acest punct

de vedere, cunogtinla noastrd asupra materiei nu mai este relativd ;
lieintsactltereeapatpalurtodcxriuamsriaulotpirvradE,ri epsaeitulnitatdrfuiiaiiclidnosrn5muqiu,ptcuuuatelScmo, ndimdairbfiairndslipdlarinnduciinpiaiirus-dogddtiiainntdtdaotometseate--
niul sdu, care e acela al materiei inerte.
EcatiinotifiinctdreapEriandperirveitadcusme inaifS, in schimb teoria cu-
Cunoqtinta nu-
nogtinlei apare imposibild, cdci nu are
mai sarcina de a termina categoriile cuget5rii, dar trebuie sX le ara-

te gi geneza. Cunogtlnfa noastrd dezvoltatd in sensul intelectualitdfii
se sperie de o asemenea sarcind. ln ceea ce priveqte spafiul, ar Lrebui
printr-o sforfare sui generis a esxptirraitsupluaitisudluiurdmedgrreaadsicnddup-rsoegreinsiunspeaa'
sau, mai bine zis, regresiunea in con;tiinta noastrd,
triaiitate, Agezindu-ne cit mai sus ca apoi sd
eril nostrtl se intiinde amintiri
ne coborimr avem sentimentul cd in
inerte exteriorizate unele fafd de altele, in loc sii se stringd intr-o
voinfd indivizibil5 qi activ6. Acesta e numai un inceput. Congiiin{a
noastrd schiteaz6 numai migcarea, ne aratd direclia, dar nu o poate
duce pin[ la capdt. in schimb, dacd privim materia, care intii pare a
coincide cu spafiul, gdsim cd cu cit o privim mai atent, cu atit p6r-

326

LZt

B-rolBullrporlopuprcrpSc'pIooJlelIrSlpBInalJoBaluaIlusln'purosrlJd+aa{suoTos6RJen1lBeucnIspBaoauJBalappJ +uns polpl
refua6rial
npl'--1lBurep3Blrsunrpl1ulpI6oBlBaraaqrJBpJe'Bc-1ldsSJlulBldnrqnu1rxcuurfean1ruuuSp;Jellgn,n1sIu+Ju,urep1oJIBuNIJBonIrladUo'IIBprrIro'nJpdBsJnarIaBseJpoo-JspluanapcSuur1Brna1.ooufnggainu31zrd1ape1nIloanJesIql1alrUerzorarrdc1pulereaBnSurua,lEr,6eaiuallpepan1oo^ueslsanleungdloJl1upiuqalrrlaoldsq,upunourJsooBJpneupnrrrllBsnuofeepuop:raedppflcd,pJBa3oaIltzrr'p1BruoJ1rI
alsa paJBJnsphI 'rrJnleu elirrfuelur op aurgr+s rrnlaJeo IS aleuorlualuoJ
luns aJlseou epfplrun IJPJ 'lprcrJrlre BAaf, alsa pJrlerualeru
prnsRru ap
J-1-----scusIno$peBoaIIo'ra1pBopJpsuruapueuB1IslrnsrJJa1oBcpsddnIasaDnnrp'JaluJrBuVaJuJnJeIrn$lzEld&IuerI$J"l'tpgIrraZonIospIlbuuUisueu1a'nllludJsiueuI-rorouula'urpanaiaBetatrstlrIl1ea4appecfrausapsepnpgle'n'plpgnSlJc6pu6luleunenulorlrepsoetl)r1suydunrryllapluunaalea11ops1$oalseoetJppgl1pespsp,acs1ercJBz)ulleellncrq,J,rlrl'rlodroplxd3upJpoxpaeleullsJJadpluluraosgppplpa-c+egupIlsIn+zr,lJ(eurBxorroadaslrselulqneu6eaR1ararlaap1usruJruJr,lrSpuupaInriplpl)ugalaupnrprpcupl1sll
-Iurpe plppo aunrfearc ep erelnd plsBoop puJc ad 'ourn1 ecl elelnou op
Iuole un oJnpoJ+ul uA nu 'o-aundnsard urB Bluples ap llcrJo ,13esu1 ea

noJ'pa1lelzle1r.Lrr1opluB1r'u1nl1anu1reparroeeeuatlr6eacrrlludJuraorJpJo I)Iu IJ9J 'pu11qreu1 elSaurldurl

ad plrouuJeJ oJBloJu! pJpJ pou
-nlfearc aolJsaea'poaJJ€reJI6ru'aolaJseuol-l-or1rdu1pesl3BelorruantuJatrEasaJpJuane;1cu'aaudgesrruutrplelqeer1rurSr
-pe alsa
runtfecrlduroc 13 eulpro IolsoJE BrdnsB p+BpJoJp alsa Ea '1a; r3elace ap

sp'pnl1psupsrau[rcleod'Jrdlolpuuunnro-ls:l1nJuae1lurpdlcnn1pB1ors1rdceslraaudsttnpprsoarpa]uurnllrqdoosra+'lnpalnlea]soe]-er1fIunu1eu61prs6laeu+a!1ur'aalrIonJaplJloppradJprlopustrunao3fl,
-'pparuJ)EnasuerpsJoer1B3Jetluenualfelea{rrrc rolo}uourola ee.rerrlduroJ
ords 'IirqlzIAIpuI 'otrureul RsJJa}rtrur nutrne ur1c1q3"

uc gfual
u-Iasnrp1IlsnxopelJ6sper6poeBrleuararl1prurarJ1rdBIunncr$rprzarururrolrrudJBl puopuJrIrJr'er1ora1r;JrrlnxnB1auceIJuIuJIulBlru'uAroalrslullzeglpo1iJ1deoeaJpBr;l1upIurddqrreBeuJcJIrroJ'urAupJsB1earu1tnBeueuIrreo4:lesJa6eu'crnreosllfeue'liaanecrurJecr
-uposssnr,iiallaeorlrBosuJapoaapabluJBporlSJJilBneiaouerrlpeaeJlDrcla1ur'urgBfeco'rladarplsfauue'cnu6rlo_rplraazp6+ouudarrBuprplprAr-aprpoJ+snprIJJ{cisBppauurauerrlldpreBJdada'rlle'uJ}uurlalBaloJ}uuprBlai alupeorJusJsrrerlloaaauJrrupnoudarnl6ns
'iJlF
-oloqtsd iuorrrJol uI ururJap o ps rnqaJl JB orpJ ed 'elerpnape rrfplrn
toJ-SIlel6lzroaoIlnodBlqnelBJsuldraobuuolrnooIouSpr6JnIeJ1Apa3JrurerIonoIlSlpnIrJuuaeJrrpBo3JdlzornelJrJpoeJtlnulu1al11rp16azsoorld'oopupreerarsoBolqdcaoBpcosalcz3orurpsnBaodJ.orrFzJlsroJalrodJepJreelunc'pprlopelsduurJueonalclunseoppdprs
--rn1opur$orJ1noupSd1Auoseu1rpu1llplrpJonpnaascuurpnlIr1rlst3uenIaoapnlnpJlslnlou'IdpprnBuaqnaieo6u:elapru1l1ueera.lfrrdfuBaue'rl1IereaplJSdiJTIEeuelzs1IoIrJV3fpBEe,IJ1a.noIen1oJzq4lppIlz;pdJ1'loIJZIneIiopaadullJraIeIeJB,.r1rapIunJrfaep1eoroqdrrusnrrs{rgrluoneuldln+ruussrraueelolaerr.lufesiacnodlauraufer1ur:pupereIllrpruSepeugrlzTaeraRrprJ{+ururaeiqnironatu:SssdFr

orBJoIJ 'alolle-rlul olaun aJ uI oc ulp RJIUI esndelxnf nBarpd arer alrf

matemati.cd ar fi ceva pozitirr, succesul qtiinlei ar fi o minune. ,,Ce
sorfi arn avea sd gdsim etalonul naturii gi sd-I izoldm precis, ca s5-i

deterrnindm relafiile reciproce, variabilele pe care natura le-ar fi
ales ?". $tiinla naturii reuqegte pentru cd nici un sistem de legi
tematice nu e la baza naturii gi pentru c5. matematica reprezintd ma-
nu-
mai directia in care cade rnateria, prin intreruperea actulni crealor,
Aceste idei sunt greu de admis din pricind cd ordinea matemati-
cd, fiind o ordine, pare a avea ceva pozitiv, Caur mfi credinfa generali"r
este c[ dezorciinea este ea, pare un pro-
posibild, ordinea cum
gres asupra dezordinei. Ideea de dezordirre ocupd un loc insemnat in
teoria cunogtinfei i cle aceea Bergson o srlpune unei critici. Rezulia-
tul lui este cd ideea de dezordine, luatd ca o lipsd de ordine, este ur
pseudo-concept. Deosebim doud feluri de ordine : nna matematici ;;i
rnateriald, alta psihologibii Ei vie. Amindoud srint douf, ordini cu cler-
ordinea inertului gi automaticului, aita cr
sdvirgire antitetice. Una e
otpirorrideitii,nofceinanoforevdnliieiinaegelnui,neldunleiu.paSmrsitinramoialnupcoleumcalioisncmteaauvdcnomdfmaiprcaoesbtpidludfein,oepvsroecebmdrirrdeagzarduatsitendi t.irmnoetartao-emormdinasidntiimoelcufeSoag.ndi.emieD;irecas5l-e-i
ISeethoven, ,,care este genialitatea, originalitatea gi, prin urmare, iru-
previzibilitatea insd9i". Ordinea naturii neinsufletite, ordinea mate-
ordinea
nraticd, o gdsim manifesiindu-se in legile naturii, iar vitaiii
-acesinte genuri. In toate timpurile, filosofia a fdcut o
douii ordini ; cei confuziune intre
vechi au intins ordinea vitald la lntreaga exis*
tentd pi au impdrlit toatd realitatea intr-un sistem de genuri, iar fi*
iosofii moclerni au meconizat intregul univers, subordonindu-l la uni-
tatea idealti a unui sistem de legi. Aceastd confuziune a provenit cliu
pricind cd ordinea vitald, care este esential creatiune, nu ni se md-
nifestd in esenfa ei, ci in creafiunile ei accidentale, care imitir la ex-
pteeroir,aioeterstoserddoipnleeoavgorfeliuzsfieciedz,.egaddi eigccediotmoperttirrnaicndish.ftoeErrmmnaeeridenidunoleioifnisicnecltedaltovdira;vladi,ia,iricrvaiinraettraesgunuiurlt
ctepozitarii ei ; acestea se repetd la infinit, clt posibil mai asemdnate,
pind ce o noutate poate sd creascd gi sd _iasd la iveald. De aci apa-
renfa de rnecanism a ordinei vitale. Numai aceste douil ordini exis-

td ; in realitate nu existd decit ordine. Ideea de dezordine, iuatd ca
o lipsd cle ordine, e un simplu cuvint. Ceea ce numirn dezordine nu
e decit rezultatui decepiiei spiri:Lului nostru, care, agteptindu-se sii
g5seascii una din cele douil ordini, gdsegte pe ceaiaitd. Ciim prezen-
!a unei orclini implicl absenfa celeilalte, de cite ori ne gdsim in fafa
unei ordini pe care nu o cdutdm, vorbim de dezordine, Dacd in iocui
ordineit geometrice
a naturii incercdm sd cugetdm o dezordiner n,-l
puLem face altceva decit sd presupunem cd fenomenele s-ar intinr-
p1a in mod capricios ; in realitate, prin aceasta nu facem decit si!
suusiitr,iiri c
r,orri;a r:recanisreului riai.urii; iniocuim ordinea autcn:ali-
cd printr-o serie de voinfe elementare, atitea cite aparilii sau dispa*
rilii de fenomene presupunem. In locul ordinei mecanice introducem
pe cea vitalil. Dezordine puri nu putem cugeta niciodatd i airalizincl
ceea ce cugetdm in asemenea cazuri, nu gdsim decit deceplia spiri-
tului ln fa{a unei ordini la care nu se agtepta gi o oscilare intre cele
dou6 feluri de ordine. ,,lncohelentul" nu exist5 ca o degradare a or-

328

6ZS

-lea--ep-a'lparayr1fplaneseJu$pru:laoeouaJraoerdll,1apJrRtrlo;rpssp6orpldarluu€s:'rltaorourruoepJunu1pprJnlrsrraonJ1ngusapeluurea'rJlaaurrluruBpdliu6in.6rJrganaorJdnu,lueeipsxu'neu,p'r:gtRsriiaoi1rvlrpl.IfJeauuBilalrltuoues,rrerparrnlnpllulusplusorBaIrupppJiunrroJrenJ6+iulJpl1arunaoal^aan3-e6l3u4fu-asuarupalo.rJl'1rrlrpaeoora1asuolJ6rlplrqBrale6sIloazaaJrrrIeleaulldeoas,pBduIeopauula,lsuutosern.oaralrrurEtpdlfqriursaurunrrl€lapiaeaulosrrpuSopluilarolparajpsAdoEd,l6er6[,dorErrrpoalrnru+ppoapdop6soitisJaarzuluIserJroirr1racnBsesiIeo6nJpal1aaeruJ{snldlu1rnces1epa-acornrrdorllr1lsslpnu1renrr3uuq1rsuul6ul1a1azrraurS.purcprbpJirJl]c'r3nprlrraul1!rlduBroeluipnabxnurn,a6^s1uecrI"
e-r-rra1oisnz1suoiaer'uuppp;earaJsfrIuuBnufiaoaSupiJp6saeBrgz+JrIJxrrsnaeuraolpsnrlaBa1allnJpp;pdpBrutngsuroslsnpeaBu;1i'caarl3alrruluppl'n1pnrux4rorrl{Trurdue;.srsaodoopg.JrurJprrnJsIlapopnnspa,rspeaalauJoalJsrnplrpnrr6rarupda\udnirsolru'trir'p,rraaO1tl]p;r€earzrua1pp(1la.;ll*n0eppoadgIr{en-ru2Jro-asJl-ap,luer]odeupprnipJpur'realuo,pulauna1noatca1JopapreruolJJuerVpenr^JInJztJJJaIrun,raauJrdlunapaBsosulbpInU-ponrscnssJarlyIu^)onraroo:nAurerf]l,il
lpa'a'Z--euornJI*sladali,sp}aV7ila1astrlrp)pelSuc,J,'dpgR1Il'aVnaoapslJol+pSpuaoflB,EllleJIssoB.I:rJelaJ+IrpreuSnJlfpuapJpJruJadalalllal-lorontrlinpl'pl.ressoRtJpolroeRaJ1prlJpelSnrl€rpa.o}ulrooJecsrJirrJlrar-onnpBufnusuabnoJpepirrrunul{uorfsurrJrpsurpnrsriuJuJsa1ru'an3ououulranJslr3r1lntJnddsplpuJcorpplJgoIlrsaaJarrsouSSrelpnapJralnprrtruBudluarsrsiraursJparpa;,pl-JJoasooenBeu1BdulouprJJJ3Jrnuaeo{ennearrI6ufrnfJdupuouup1Junecar,uaoprip1nrrqrA;lsc{asurroalBnrnelDpodp1ooed,eauguru1opearirneoaOarualan}nall{onniprirudpleppldqnnradrcauruoearr.caerRr;etrpeRal;iilai:ruigfussoqpu,tnTs'saeyrnajgdIal_re"arsopiSltnrplir:}ninaIp,ts:uned.acqrarJl1uc'JiaropBJerna,rJrv6ro;lilil
-l'ra'r-nnonrralrr1lnplprco1lsJllniueslrpcuer]ounuJap'psllarnrldusdprBrprdauil1qourrrrarlrpurxpo-Ioroil^r.onerr3droorIgpn'sr'IrdronlnLnupeuJr5rlnuJpn,uuaoJe'JrgJol:lapae[nfuluraJsoeporalcrrludlpip6eu'IJplruirorpnpaaaoruulJJiln3orrlnrulcrJsSreJrlrau1asegppElerflulzetepoBeirprsousoz|nL:aeppliunrouldsdecra1{r1cu]feTuu!;lurJi1Jnoeuoae1udi,6sprarlaoouSgrarr:{psupaeJuuoJBgr:rror:n-rle,uzJsiupnjauenarlips{oanqe;purzerca3nrrrplrpsJEulqlussnrl1fplprupaedoraarerlJ.-lreJrrruiealauuJlrcrq-rnrlprnrouocdJ-llIliri
-ur RazlEsaaupuela-srpuur rnrrfdrnsrrrjrapsloio,r\rLrilrl rporrarrrrpnroespdar:pl u1ir;rpdtns'a-rninlclriJruSiqsnrsSornpcut nppuerpil
op aronari pelrpo-lupupaf,qrllllapruIoaepb ,paauinlrris)u.roolx'ooLBiiilrasuranlrusruaol-rpiuI ,oiipi
-iol
'arerrldxa polBlrsaJarr

'pJiupJour
e-l----IluJJrpnIcuoJonatreAoauuirsp3p-lVurujIalreulpr"lldr'etppu'rorlauurondrueroidiaunrs-eIurprnnlabrnlrrpp':old{ernooodu-c.eerTJsrrd16urtrnperrs'auluJraprropaupaaresrorel6pdsa'af;raa6ucesIolupgg'proulrceorJruIqdETnanreT6:pledoaous,arlnol'prn(Ta'drotJglaup|sud4gfr,eauBpaezarJza.oldr.er,oc6do11rq'rBprealIoooreplcIrepllp.1uauJEtttorpil1-rIporSa^an,olJrorllglplBu;lepplrnJruripar:lal1Jaluqlo+Jaron,uue€pul1slafplolnrususlaIprelrnJrux5re^lalueraergnonigq+nr3rnidpIrfn,JrJ'ug1pnzo,npn,alu;oI1gBparp5ri'zinaaupupuJ1oonaurIeppuqpur

ceva, cir mai degrabX, necesitatea pentru orice schimbare ce se pro-
cluce sd schimbare de sens contra-
fie contrabalanlatd undeva de o
rtlcuriiuuom.ilesCi iashctiupeamrruindnscaoicapldailutrle,,fgrelaeeaggamencaeeonneats,nreatnrrtvouddprrniaieiepie,oenarxetlu'preglriioemdiindeimtrnaepapotuluirctnraaanbfr'titaldodgtmmulaleeutinnia'ttfriCazeieigclduacdl emnesoutesal-itl
mai mare gi ne aratd cd o lume ca sistemul nostru solar pierde in
fiece moment cite ceva din mutabilitatea pe contine. La in-
care o
ceput a fost maximum de utilizare posibiid a energiei i mutabilitatea
merge scbzind din ce in ce, Dripd formula lui Clausius, ,,entropia uni-
versului tinde spre matimum". Cursul universului ne sugereazd ioeea
r-Lnui lucru care Se desface. Aceasta este trdsdtura caracteristicd a ma-
terialitdiii 2s. ,,Ce sd conchidem de aci, dacd nu cd procesul prin care
acest lucru se face este lndreptat contrar proceselor fizice
in sensul
qi cd eSte, prin definifie, imaterial ? Vizi,unea noastrd despre lumea
materialS este aceea a unei greutSfi care cade ; nici o imagine scoasS.
clin ma'rerie nu ne va da ideea unei greutSfi care se ridicd." (L'Evo'
lutiott cr6atrice, p. 266.).Viala esie sfortrarea de a ridica panta pe care
materia o scoboard. Este procesul invers al materiralitblii. Incapabild
de a opri mersul schimbdrilor materiale, viala Ie intirzie. Organismele
inrnagazineazd energia, pentru a o descdrca Ia trebuinfd, in mod ex-
ploziv i prin aceasta opregte pentru citva timp disiparea care tre-

buie sii se producd in virtutea legii eniropiei' Viata e sforfarea de a
ridica greutatea ce cade. Nu reugepte, ce-i drept, decit sd-i intirzie
cdderea; dar ea poate sd ne dea ideea despre ce a fost ridicarea greu-

tdfii. Mipcarea vital[ este dar o realitate care se face printr-a]ta care

se desface.
Totul este obscur in ideea de creafiune, dacS ne gindim la lucruri

care ar fi create gi ia un lucru care creeazd, cum face de obicei, ne-
putind altfel, mintea noastrd. E aci una din iluziile inteligenlei noas-
tre, fdcute ca sd-gi reprezinte lucruri, nu schimbdri gi acte. Dar lu-

PcCav:,ieJrlu,cindlndouedos2mnresieiluveiTjiseslraoeetr(acr1svami8teiriul2seer2nstatnie-iceuLbr,lBl"miul)siBdtioeaBeadat)epinefofpanoaoaemtsslrtnetotipctprpriitnuioir,oeatcsraieno(nibssdddemieultedleosistlmrefaeoifmneritzgmoinuirtcatud.leelearocs,mardnceurmouaund=d,iaiadnrinienam,co,umiiestlnmedeic"rfbuadimzi$ririaeedcdin,deedaicelpccolatardnlrianasntrcnitediottscrearfaegorptariperuvemtoridr,misdled:aeraiilnconpin,arru,ipidlnndleuivcnecoRniepilccruuigugdtd{iirlteoeduraeile".-il
cele mai reci, dar nu 5si-ainrvienrdsre; pdtaife, riennfbealezadeacteemstpuei rpartiunrcdipdiuin, tirne elementele unui
slstem materlal inchis
chlp ireversibil,
spre lrivelare, Legea entropiei aratd cd intr-un sistem izolat, de-a lungul unei trans-
si..ttonilitnesaraumtrrinecuedcaaa.rttAiuec,drulsieedntsnetteptrrrreiceoaehrpcafeiieullaiSnbcltrtrlt5uuooriepdtaaviiwraleedisrvgEsieasiibrtBseipsloimdrbilsot,izultbdemleau,mndbi etnuirelnnilotusatprit(toeie1nap8asuit4atoa4ust-tranc1oeale9tdadic0el6ur6sd)tn,mdcaicedriiineasoesaidsmctaocestaopmdisnei;lusremitlndmuaadainu,rct(eSldiuizn,ipo,tirralaao1arn8tt)rs7addf7soeba,prmciorlmidctroaealnta$trreseatlietnaarqasceiftsoostccntraed--i'
cntropia este proportionalS cu logaritmul probabilitdlii. S-a argumentat, astfei, cd
rrn sistem fizic inchis (,,iznlat")
tinde, in baza principiului al doilea al termodina-
rteponrntiodctrceiojea,psusieneplaior,erqc,,siaetnneirtuerreogsapeeidcaieem"pmprucaoliuxnbiemacabedzildlepit,riv,foeiribe,caotsrbdocialpoittSiaac.tteeeS",iunclbieeraieanslplic6eeetfcutrrine5fisli,aoeJsianiomafinfcdedel(uc-lcdoa,mec,mneptselretotamap,feiiazenixctsap"a)rl,iitcaclaerteelgiiseletaae
finalismului de ansambiu al universului.

330

r88

p^llplal orrsrl^psap nJ also plspoJp Balplllparl Jpo 'IeoJ BI lEo.rr BI op
'pluezoJd o BI Rluosqe o BI ap a6rarrr pounrlJB 'suas lsaJe ur l pJul
p1

-slxo nu arBJ BAaJ azaa;J ps nBS are i-nu a;Br ad nJJnI un purfqo ps
gpeeoplsJruBpr1a'nJn1r1rfouee1ueullnbn'taperaJfuudJpnesIJnpoIpBnJJrIuIdzreIrnnaoosIJIeI'BlapIeAnreBoulpcrlseoI BpaluruaorlzurJdanrVosllulsulu'eeggurrrlnrrelfrouildueellop;spddn+orn'o1lrnr1uzluuBoRadaBirduluBs"ou+oa^anlpop3JplrpldBlJBroen1aae3qrpprue'aarplIglrBBJolalIrrieOl[droacnptlJonrarunJupnJJsr
urrd Ba.recSlur 'gn1n1rqe1s 1nro1n[B nJ Inllqelsul ulofinc uralnd gc efurp
-arJ uI plsrsuoJ Bo I Balulur p1tu1dg1s o orBJ op orznll Bur.id a plseacv

'e1fn1o.ta BlprplapB InlllsuoJar urelnd IBru nu olpzrlllqourl eluaruOer;
onlsuoJopJrnuJoJlo€Ip'aululqeru'eoaruun]rlJfeolnpcraildaspucrsrdalnrauupaldprenpu urp 'rrg1s +lJap ruapa,r
11un1fce alifprapnlar6
'pIeJIpBJ Eorruanap ruopol Es aJels uI ruoluns Ietu nu 13 gc11cu;d nr1
---unIlacuadodJas1u1pqlspe1uuerol lpaouJrlllsrdeposuuaIpJalpr'arsnlllqoaoJJuolqJrol 'IrnSaf,oerlrlprailufouazlanl q'oIan+rlunlalnpualoluruarlrdIrnnI'leneaIuBuaenrrrd{Bcnayslee'alrrnuregu;l
os runJ znJuoo lJJap o+ruls nu 13 ele6 lnJpJ olsa oc BoaJ pJeolJalur el
-elA urp alSanrrd 'gfua6r1a1ul pdnp as-npulln6at 'efur11Suo3 'c1ge-i6o1
-BrrraulJ ursrueJour un alsa rpaufuIJa6urlIalpuuI.rIJnuuislprueeJraI'aAlIrr'nrnfulnrIrBsa1.r3 pldnsp
'allqorul
'aaupluelsut IJapaA er 'ef
-ue611a1ut '11un1fcu uolBllsaJau ap sele teur pludnroard 'ollsBou ra{uab
-llalul ealred u1p lipllnerJrp ,Ireru guldurSlug areolporr Blernp pfuesa
-unJloBaaaAIpnJlpprpo^JoBpJvrS'InJlonquIrIsBlleJcnnlJI aJlBalualJpaJlplnalolpsluqoeruInepuunnel zaeITloIdznl ['ru'nsluo;f

'arlspou rafurrlSuot Bale+rlpat a:dsop urolp o atBJ ad urirnl
-uI nJ pupureas oiplol rrfplrlear erfrnlul 'eleolparJ erfniona o ,pleloJ
-ulau aunriearr o 'aJruelap o IJ 'ntJnl un alsa nu I Btrprnp elsa r{u1r1
a-pnaNi la'losio,rouealeofpuopsngur'+oJupoJJSoapeaes nes aJpJ as : lnJpJ nJrnl un ptrpporJrr.r
arBdB au 'lrrids nps arJalel\
Ba:Ielrlpar
'o+elrlpor ardsap oapl o uroJBJ ou ps pulred au gunrfrnluT alsaJv
'r-IasrancaJlotayerlneaUVpotIcC'Jlllulu'utorllnrpplrlell[n1fouazLrocrfJl;a,-Bd:lfesp,au,z'lrere-ooi[lJprrreelIzJBp]ruuuoaprfp6p, lloEIaoarJlpplruqporppIcloolIsB]paoap]sApaareB1JaeJr:tSreen'ftoe11o';y,u1rpaeurrniua3rtpfrqutplortnrtsJotTnzppgIloul'e:delrtzr]lr
-IAIpul 'lezlarpur xnlJ un a eaurnl pzeorrrioJ aJpJ Brraleur J pldrurs o
-f.SigrucrSoruieoelsfeeJlpl 'raillpelrelprpaJlaurgl"rS'xn'elJsreani uurieulraoledceSJrrauuapuplaJlEtplrll3prJaoulprlraup/a,alelrJl
-nlolpl ala orlu! urBrBduroc puIJ sorJalsrru o al pooJ I palplTlear elnl
o--rarleslpJualoIlJJunnasrrBoaJnIlrIJnlsnxaJnJJlnuJ'Ju'Bg'pzuRBJcergsJlanclelfiloudlidran1erreccflueoarnu6srgplauulrulJradBoJlgppzlJseueaodaf,lJaraupuaaelnlgudreIl'spIuul1lo1aruTirreu-runr1p1
.'ooep-onJl"SiBIdoaenJp+i;sSspJseouaarrpuneiarlJoplfslpsesuloetia4Fnauruepel'nJn,sr,rpfffanipcrtuJnlreodnnf,ipssrrtfqaaJoap'erpJlpoDeoploLssUl-oJei noanIulllEiuulapIqalJrJllarp,sosapolArxleerxaeAural;rSa+'atrelarlulrrenorafonnp-cBlonl+I,[nrueouBn6psan]'ee,lpFnplJepl[uprxoelJeaJa1r)aTJnoslalrd1llpnapJalnrs"rsuun'rrIl3ulo,arauauarup;ocinJIi,1J:S,rs\nnfarceJrrp6euJt

ia ciireciia ai.r:n{iei troastie: dacii realitaiea prezettlii tlii c Ce-r'i i}C:
care o cdutdm, vorbim rle abscnlc acesteia acolo untle t:onstatair.t
prezenlct alteia. E foarte legitim iucrul ln domeuiul acliuuii. Dar noi
introducem procedeul gi in dorneniul speculaliei qi incepem a cuge-
ta realul trecind prin ireal, existenfa prin neant. Ilttzia aceasta am
mai intilnit-o cind am vdzut irealitatea conceptului cle clezoi dine. Fi-
losofii nu s-au ocupat de ideea cle ireant, degi ea este resoriLtl asctltrs,
lnotcrul inr'-izil;il al cugetdrii filosofice%. Cea clintii chasiiune ce se
purle specriiafiunii filosofice este aceasta: cum se lace rii cer"'a exis-
t5 ? La spatele acestei intreb5ri e credinfa cf, existenta este o cltcc-
rire asupra neantului: 1a inceput era neantul, exisieuta ;r lenit t-tc
rleasupra; s-ar fi putut prea bine sJ nrL exisle niuiic'. .lr ict i'eizuj. i'r irr.ll-
cui preexistir la ceva; in icleea de ,,nimic" esie tticti ltulin clecii
in ideea cle ,,ceva". Este oare ,,neantul", in infelesul in lLiiim
care-l
cind iI opunen exisienfei, o idee adevdratd sau nurnai o pseu<lo-itiec ?
La ce ne gindim cind vorbim de neant ? A ne reprezenta ite.ln-
tui este sau a-I imagina sau a-l concepe. O imagine a neantnlui in rea-
1i'.ate ilil putell ar,rea. Futetl inchjutrL o nimicjrc ct llercel..trultii
externe, cum pulern inchipui gi nimicirea ceiei interne, r.lar niciorlai;!
lpiteataemeinxcteioruioirairmd,prreduinnind.eCreinaclli.taamieasucpornimqatitincfeui;inccinhcipi titniiceearcorsiicieoresau--
prim gi pe aceasta, imediat se pune o altd congtiinfir care asislii la
suprimarea celei dintii. Dar dacd nu ne putem ilnagina ireanlul, t.ii srv
va spline cd-l putem concepe. Nu e obiect al experientei llodsire pur
care sii nu-l putem prestipune desfiintai: intinzincl pe rinci opcraiia
aceasta ia toate obiectele experienfei, neaniul nu e ciecit lin'iia la
care tincle operafia. Neantul astfei definit e desfiinfarea totnini' A-
ceasta e teza, Conline intr-insa o absur.clitate. Fie c5. este vorJra tle
suprimarea unui lucru exterior, fie de a unei stSri interioartr, oil{'i(l-
nu este decit o substituire a iucrului sati stiirii aceleic cit ait lrt-
|ia sau in afarii iiecit prc'-
cru sau altd stare, cdci nu percepem induntru
zenfe gi iriciodatir absen{e, ln locul iucrului suprimat nu putem sprine"
cd nn r6mine nimic, cdci rdmine locuL lui ; vid absolui nu eristii in
naturd. ln congtiint.l, dacd n-ar fi mernot'ia gi preveclerea, n-o"r-it pntea.,
vorbi niciodatd de viid, de absenfii; ceea ce numim absent e tiitniai
decepliunea unei agteptdri; in realitate, <iecit ttl
nu avem a face

plezenfe. Dacir in fiecare caz individuai supriilarea unui lucru esie
inlocuirea lui cu altul, dacd nu puteri cugeta absenfa unui lucrr-r cie*
cit prin iepiezentarea mai mult sau inai pufin explicitf, a rrnei plezell-
fe, ideea unei suprimdri a totului este tot aqa de abslrtl.i ca icl.eeti
unui cerc patrat. Absurditatea ntl sale in ochi pentru cd ]lti este irici

2, I;lr-iiierel tnitmieictvtal,rinaonntcelxeist]elentac)aare lc-a avut in Isioiia f iiosc{iei, icier-'u ii,-

neant (neliinla, constituit categoria ontcrlogicii- centralii o.r
dcur,t,ojencninllveoceiesarrmznmmkitu"aacaln,i'dprtcniireg{iesnenioin1sepdrctleeltic$atrmeleloieraen,m,ainfasiiliomneorna,ueqcflefouiliefxqgiociciesepttima.uuetslniSusepliifasr.ioct",e,,ci,eldmleenxsiieelseclxtereisesenif,tfttileeerfloiecunmsitl"iiasvou"9mefliich(u;e=iellutgoivecnetplooicacrnnhinems-ie,idseixiteisniinstrtd,atete,eudnjodei(sua:sfea)ip-nbodduci ianpbcni.alrt:lra1tcca1Ldlohtlitlsntilsroatc-mrfaeeccupcalli,c:udtjclflpicuq(!i(d-alcirct.t-'r.
ce nu esle. Exisienfiolismui nu scapi de aceastd reguld.

332

eec

oiclun IS alrr^ arBt pAaJ pJ pl'"ralsrxa adaJilGJ uralncl nN .idof,iiol,
-opnos{i ut'l :}jJap a}so nrr 'auJp.rozail ap oInlpdoo;\JEuoeJlEroSclpnJL-i:i[Lnr]ErL3riuil\.a1 il
-clo3rro3 'iairro:ISrxo e.rpoi-rtl1[re aip]rlEoi lnl

-riJe alie pi oJnital os puoJ ui rs aielilpat ' i.I il'.ri

o o_ip nu ueleSoS"rjit'Llt.rijir
Pavueruu'no-alnErlipl3roJrsnslSnlupopJian'RuaaErlr1.n'rgo,6+zrel/rcuoanpe1iJilIunlso.nxopnxrp6daliiJlignq-oJi:asn\looa3urd'lpoJorpJ]s1qoa'.rroiles]oosz.rrJo1o-EeEn,erprjel1l1ilBJenuteaarlerJoeq,JJrsnrrrJerJlroiplssnJJ+iJleolpxerraI'oIadffBtiolezgrluioollrJlecrpJljnBpiapaqlsreeJdufnlp-tue'rrLau'spnulpaJrJr,allrnirrlelrselElnspr;]rroR.ruallBJrppJ[cxrpr.opolouJliipalnxslloJJsrBuarrliIJlieApnitoluersIuuRoullrlr)rrrrlerdoE+niJnasigrllpeulp.lplpro{'paosoblspilaBpilnlpBaoaJrall.unsup]pguelBrnIAppixne]arp6rasurpSe}Ercu0uerJflrnoiosuun[,1uorpsErJLlar-cr-Isaiar.l1inuosrpdJ'rprpl;,rsppn]lor6xrucIoJJsup1aedeorrrup-plJpsaieeu,:a,pgl-]rcrIlonr-ulB]6n1.ersltlJnprn0Ii]p]p,psuarltunn]'1sailforJnlf1l]ruJ,lnSl,scsAr,r,1tprnlJar"rxps?ru.lsono+lsal}ueFip,rEal1llroernE;nroLE:r.L"1ui)s.ri1]lii
-purnl 'ien1ra1e1ur trJB Inun ealelpurnf ]JJop a nu eorebag .qsnchalilr
-a-nrrpsBeraulr-SJror'llrBnl)loon-rE-Jratnr-nipii;rcupl-rrd'rlJncpsapprrugpllJuercaad1p1n.rn[alpo6aoJulSpJeaqtneJrloJi'anIp-rn6JuaBu-BIaaer]p.sr6opalntlrrrf,ig1nn;o..irJptnnn1lIlaluaj;ec,l]l
-aggar-1o---osufneoogdl,epldaJedfniserlp.u'eulppseLra1nrort1'le'np3snndunss6u^fovdlairreiu'tlrr'llsnJa6niuJlonpp1Ienlr[paueenriutrrrurtioEarfnluInrdoinNpsraoJl+apr1rpu'rJecllpinoueeaoduludeBbiaplisiosrJrlnu^oprolFaopBnJJauSpausrlelrgfaoralne'epyapurp,b!arEpJprrea.+JprosaIrfAenuasn.pioLa1+lrlln1prpJlNf1eJl16a,dJerpopeJJtal'16nr,ppargpeonoupocb,dlurllrs.oJaerronnnepgnr,clptJrlasenohLl'rnauulirquaerlerrr'eloeJugpoouEruelnrSrlrluoInoqarurfJeppauprpr"oscaJdrNnbreJloeniaad'B,fec1pBseuJ'naiarraS6puI1qurA-oaeIzcrrpn[pJnefog.'tserBouuuufJlee]o.sirappEeeJ1Jr6elJuorrrsaaBlur+iJentpSJuaJJ-Japd,il,rerrr11r,Jac]opnqnppppriLn1-a1ocltsr1e-len1suisrle!?aroper,:oTetaepliipurprcoSlplrSlsn.rrirt'ei]a,r]orrlit]Ebll,nsrnreolla-ilsppll_1lrrlq,par-\tinltl-dt.,creu..-rrl)iil
a--IalrealroJ.rc€iEplJJ,Ilnro1:|ls7uoa'ppls,\arllxeno6uoeiuenllpnallprrlrBoInllos;sr]xonappualspnrl.orrrtJ,sAnlulralnpzlnarrrbduua1-uar6rlenlclsueoeaururpo-rllrduJolducJlru_+llroia,ta{lJlpuuon!csl ir
B'aurrnadpsnplf,AxaasraJupnCIB'JsonlcllduulJpe:loelrUelupeleznelrJdea.pr anlJpl,r]lrpraaltsaix_arlpiJnlanp_IJ+nJiaiEqaoarpnrls,aalpr1s.
epl-P----reJuludSn/slal,aaioi1arraPosIlJbs6tJ:qpaquunnaoonrts3olruiucJuerLeEcnanrlel1lsiurJJtn'uuuelpeprozr'orr'larJaa-puiJ-nLolilLrapscurilupslrulonnanrrr[errsopiluiuclsollupJocnrpraxoBlsrLonuloPrluslDu-sBJulireuloUxorn+uJluor]pturepuelpnonpafJurJ,lpl)Jssl'u:fuauIpar,'rxur+rr'JRl--oae1iulr-euluadrqralouonguna6lz1eslucl1nnsVa'rrlor;sol,xairnJ1xbco-arpreraIl6cenr1Auelouqe,l11oJJguoueaorasrrpl61splpnelunqnusanJdr1ueoraenJiron]p1p-cIJerr-ercp.oraeloolau1JArrlaIb;oqtraairelnJinpdsoiuJfnarcuu.rdarrpr/,ol1iarnr-sr}l7pJusols/uro]o:vr,oJJnl31x\ls€ninrsoiBnIperllIrxlnlNJunaso.arueofIularo,sarajn'planlua,rfrndd,+lJlq!ipn]pdnueoliuo3ltepj-lJla1eallezrEnnllrip;,null,ioIqlplldpn,c.r.,ro{Ep]lilitii
nu rS rlelrieot Llr urrell ioN 'lnio:f eurirdns ualnd ure i:l urapottr
I leuiirdnS pr adaluot ealnd up-I nri arpr acl ]Jaiqo qs
aJpJ au plspoJe u'fi

golul ninicului ; mintea ntl are a face ciecit cu plinul 5i existeirfa cu
prezenlele. Din faptul cd suprimdm unele pdrfi ale existenlei iirlo-
cuindu-le cu aitele, condupi de prejudecdtile practicii, credem cd am
putea suprima intreaga existentS. Icleea de Nimic, Iuatd ca supriua-
i'ea tuturor lucrurllol, este o vorbd goald. DacE privim NinicrLi ca
o n.egere a Totului, cum negarea ccoanl$inie'fmotaui},mpulultsdneigcciiaarfeiramas1io;,a1i,-

i"{imicul conljne to'r atita materie
iului care merge cle ia unul la al.ttii, ca s5-1 suprirne,

Realui nu este o trecere de ia neant la existentS. Dacd-l pri-.:itr,
con;tient sau incongtient, ca o asemenea tLecere, ajungem la o idee

care esie o esenld logicd ;i tnatematicd, cleci in a{ard cle timp. De
aci o concepfie staticd a realului : totul a fost dat o singurd datri, in
eierniiate. Critica icieii de neant ne indreaptd insi si:re ideea tlnei Lea-
iitdii care-;i ajunge siegi gi nu este cu necesitate o reaiitate strirind
cie cluratd. treltuie sd ne obignuim cugeta exi'stenf a direci, f iirti
a
sd mai trecern prin fantomul ideii de neant. Asifel cugetindu-l, Abso-
lutui se manifestd foarte aproape de noi ;i, intr-o oarecare mi'isur5,
chiar in noi. El e de esen!5 psihologicd, nu matematicd sau logicd.
cn noi, ca q,i noi, dar infitrlt rnai concentrat gi rnai
Trdiegte ac'iunat

asupra sa insugi, dureazd.

Numai aqa ne putem lndrepta spre aderrdratul evolutionism. Tre-
buie sd ne instaldm de-a dreptul in duratd, nu sd ajungem la ea prin-
tr-un ocol. Dar inteligenla noastr5, fXcuti pentru inlucceraurcrid;isiimproinbcillid-
tate, nu vrea sd cugete evolulia de-a cirepill ;iii
migcarea prin intermediul imobilit5tii, cdci aqa impune necesilatea
practicii. Pentrl ca acliunea noastr5 sd se poatd exercita, are ne1'oie
de puncte fixe ; ca sd trecem de Ia un ocl Ia alt ccl, trebuie ca nla-
teria sd treacd
dintr-o slore in altd siare ; dacd materia ne-ar a1;iirea
ca un flux, nici una din actiuniie noastre n-ar putea sd aibd un scop
fix. Percepliunea este de acord cu acliunea ; calitdliie pe care ea 1e
desprinde din materie nu sunt decit nigte vederi stabile pe care ie
fixeazd din fiuxul acesteia. Mecanismul cugetdrii e cinentcttagralic :
ia vederi instantanee Si fire, cu Care apoi incearcd sX reconstitilie
rnigcarea. Am rrdzut ce dificultStri Ei probieme irezoiubile se nasc cie
sofismelor elealiior asupra nerealitdlii miScirii,
aci. Aci e originea
aci e, in germen, toatd filosofia mecanistS-intelectualistS, de aci rezul-
td pseudo-evolutionismul ;i neputinta de a pricepe viafa ;i evolnlia
al cugetdrii, nu
adevXrat5. Cu mecanismul cinematografic putem cir-
pdta decit o vedere exterioard asupra mi;cdrii evolutive i pentru a
opacopozrlioifciielloapre,daeadsdfeiScv;ddurraaatreotarperbeiurii,ilioeinrseimi iniEpecoaisnrietbejerleiso,treiizndctemr-voalntmrtra-aninizsmiatiue9ltei dsecdecaitt'saissettdrrlmaiai
mIitautitedsqimcitplsde,riuaniscudcc: eascivedasatasttrderbilourie, in toate e un ocl, care e o rea-
cunoscutd, altfel decit prin ex-

teriol.

pgreictaeCrpeue,giuentpaolriremaabcsaletjdvdmprianatiiatdadldeeesv,epanruierejud.daCetucddgrleeiltepdttaomtreiei ccgaurneqiescmit,duriniliu,cirienezidiotttoctriilistiXaurcclneuua-
dreptate cursului iucrurilor. Ei simteau cd derzenlrea e o realitate, ci

334

908

a'-I-'-IgneaoalztaasuureJplluoeap+nszorslqalJpBoa:+'errpoIiu1J1uJoJu'n;r'nprnnlrr6{opfpJec1up1IesnlJrJa'1ouIpnenRIJauio,nuroplol'esIIusuJprlrlruoaoapxal;nlzdsluplpqlJraooplucJuJauarrl1Jrrrdnpo,srasq:uc,epurle.lu{rJl-l1uruorqe1r,nsoJrianisJ$d,cpBJaoo}Jo,deJesIsruuroBrronaIouapJJJrJparB,onp1l3au}I1aaarCnorapunorSlnuJ.pprld.urqeJalorsllJlrplquSJroonnaeJ]salurnodlonulaeuJ1eeqqrauanu,11oBsrraereauf1uluartr!p1aaz11ep1raSunaezl
'apurrui;ae,s;^6oelzeeuinrdarruiretupr pposloariln{ qr$oprlaap:i.upllgls:eee}turJrnOqerJr.p1fu,3I lparJirlalppoaucie-ye}aiiil1e1o$cl ng
l'ancJaprJ6prlJerzlerJrnelleeruu 1oelrrezen-lr3eulSorJurpaI rplpJrtproaflruiolfie1s1apr.sq1ppuropplroqlurlsprzJrozrrrJEulraf;ilrerr1peJ
-JpupalpJiBr'lroaBtrluaBJpronppoolrslSuarprrrrogJoqersuoarlqlrdecsp'releJrb:rduenaps^aeOpere.fpdzuanl:paruJlaooJapPJo,nSlreBfaellJldlBqsperqiSnuucrillqul Jr.prsllpp1us4allrplalJofJuuoeaJll
p"---esEsJsrllaasxpraolllrreJrleiJnJ-noarpJpppolpporEllsloeorleaJuusrBnaoIrpi'rorlJr1lup*eoua:erIoupJapEo'euJolqJorldoqop1eJorUtauur1fIoqu3JJrrrSolJ$tloeo6eluursiisonnaupr[fe,orppoupJqionrpnplioursaoror;jaJa6sllqdurpsnaprJsrOeug.Scrooi6Je'lTposJlole1crpalSlsirasueiifn{aiu-crIslrJlr,ruBlpI$nIlasuurlpzltlarllJrsll

'Rlp-rn+€u pllzrJeleu; o psul-rlrri arp oJBJ ,afua611

e-u-neriJ+rSlurRreBu;urdaulalIsrpoaroosr[aElJrlooIespBoeolc]lroJprrsSuieo'nJgssccuuin'lruSJaesnfupppeorlbnJ;dolrlesdrolruilrnlriuTureprdtlppJJelolrnlJcplnl]e'sll?eo1ronlJsr1vpeeo1..u-1rrdnonezlasr{oulppao'l6a,p.rorlra1eJr1loueasdr6ouanlr1rl]pepuap11r
--nIperoo;+nJ+uS1^a6gaod;osIna'lapap:eIiupJr.SareBlssnArrxaIieJpeVdpesr'ouua{orursea6pplorsuaJrrgxboopeauppurinoudoJas-r.lpsc' ,nlo,u?urlRrrDrlJubaIrZppaIJnrpSpblaeet\teJroopelrlieunlppilaurr?nSs,psal;ur1dan1nuusburlrislueLruntJlcoJl tsBo,arIno1r1JJ',
--atlrp,rJSn,$erpplnfftur'easlJolnrsdlarrerq'1ssRlfreeaeonz+eudlpppo:l"sldaJlqeaJn3ennpsrcJueuplenrrSranunnfpedJytluJunlannr'durr6_'EruarrJp{uluoIusrpIrqsrrallJor-epeol1leleruInaadrrdr'curn$elunJyslpraodIe1J.Cua1naplp"raJar1ooouu6:ppdCtarzalpJlp.eplJ.RlEoAsaluiJuoaip1eorelJpll-oolu.d+rrrlJooJ1rrn1uurlorseJlurppr1ar.dlp4elrraalpJaBoor,nlpJ,uaeppcconrlzSrrcteJue}r1luoasrnaerpl1apuslnuruauerdn1enu,pJ,I:rrrei,1alSeIe1t,ll$,p;,1uaelleag1lpuulfacrerfrr'p1oenuo1,uoelluaaaunlu.errr'enIrluBicodieefiIl
J JoIarrJoC 13 .ro1rap1 B alrqetrnul rrfglrleo'r e a;uper6ap o arequrlqJs uJ

psul apa^'elptrrlrqourr uJ es-npurlplsur,pJllololsue-erruoleld prJosolrJ
I alnlpqpJls rololuloJ prJos l]Jep llnur Tprir E;\oJ o oJrua^op uJ pJ ,rnl

r---ninsrlrdrnqrssroaTrp^o-aru5.lp1rl lJo'pollooepJllurapua^A-rrrlusooaolzaJrafJriun1aoslesaIsaaln3rpcrpfiIizrupSorldrpnr+lona]lJc.r'lehanJupJorJulr'Jrnn:alu,abpt]auoliaoreauuJirronaarppuaa,urpraBz.alrse1nroliuandrl1lepuudar1rrrrq&uEJrz,rardrlsprprua-urpu1i
1oe''--urgoI3r1nui11ezeer1re1aalesel{rppreurel{J6a-rlepqaBp6edll1usseese1rour;arllraeunRSluasarlsrJJ;o+aelBEIuBoEcJoooJ+$tnlll'cerepnrsurrzllJ:gid1tlolppel6'eeraJoea61rg1grropqpIolrJr.ieqsp6apBuotirrru1rlzrTraalardqnAiCu1lJclBurl.eslI,r'JorerSorpunrrloeJ{rlieneoploprrespulusJp1ulrsrgnqallprpuuux,.oepprrnraJqrJIpuBallrssrnsoeura1alJrrp-urzlooIorpe,crlrcarJr1alelguarJpeucerurl:lrreuproolSdorar6rSaluluraruipJeap1rae,erusJ+fpeeJcepaaorjrlrs6jB;pueuaoIqop1qJr1uerounra-eiprrrnquqrsq11anrJnleouJcsse1srll

ea se ocup5 numai cle extremiiSfi. Totugi e o deosebire intre gtiinla
moclernd gi cea antic6. Pe cind gtiinla anticd nu refinea clecit momen-
tele privilegiate ale schimbdrii, cea modern6, ca s5. cunoasc5 un lu-
cru, noteazd toate momentele, toate fazele, chiar infinitezimale, prin
care trece schimbarea lui. Fizica lui Aristotel ldmurea ctlderea prin
cele dou5 mornente privilegiate : sus Si jos i concepte
miqcarea. Gaii'lei insd, studiincl aceste privegte definean
corpul care
cade, ii in toate
mornentele drumului lui. E o diferen|5 profundd, insd nurnai de grad,
nu de naturS, E insir o ait6 diferen{d gi rnai profundd : gtiinfa celor
vechi e static6, consiclerd in bloc schimJtarea pe care o studiazd, sau
ioE1n5idsi,ieuncpbtiaednnimvduideomendatediirn"n.sdbeDlreoiaascrtudetrieimcmimpnaeuorilm4rdaneetiniccticde,a,grsie,u,ancssucpeeif,sirondivceeus,Enpsiicieagirtoiitaiinmsdloapecuoniltumedareoledb'pdditlueitvraaadttruaeiraarbedtdialidn-;
dconaucurrumaeptd6sir,eudnleccuoilmnestpepuurenvnciaettdlreumflileigedcceiaasrrdepeuaar.lfaei$at5ltsiizienaapttlaa. rpOdpr,ormigcnueidisienudlneucuia,qmrtneaiiuin'ntedocxlietsrgeeudmnpsiiirttmXdetofiailicede,uevipnnddsureaqdtsaiee.
Miqcdrile lumii sfiadzciecfiaeesstnaeenvpuooiteairndtrelnmcepatiaasccdlheeimao brmraoirebcieddeveaotriirinnrpn.afopi rermenpueoldie,elienssaluii,

rnai incet, fdri
ecuafiiie fizice i
unit5file ne importS, intervalele insegi, care sunt pentru noi inter-
vale deleitninate, pline cu evenirnente noi, ireductibile.
tui'e timpului-invenfiune un timp-iungime. $tiinta substi-
ne sfaionbusetnrsauoccte,osptleerainln5imsdeiecr.iad$utpriiaontzfaaif,irueinnasildldo,;r Dar timpul este invenliu-
constrinsd de metoda ei, nu poa-
te
in orice migcare ea o construiegte
fixe, intr-un timp desfSgurat in
spafiu.

Adevdrata conceptie a duratei nu poate si ne dea gtiinfa. Ar fi
fmfaocasetto,dgPeraeafniqctrttuiepgatiasstladcasaermtfreiatnatrsfeipzbiocuratietssibndcironemsndupglnei ftdeeuzcreuagtcaeetecaaorencacerelaftiSzr.icroeatoncdutainopcgnitntienea--
[cadornsfspi ied-cpeuurlatautfiitvii5pe,reinpidradecintaiacsmpineicucettiu,ldlin,vdciuraureaml]iairesinpatrleeitliiigatiepi.nro]gdfutinaindratafriemaacoldudsrierqarinteibnii,uppiulriraien,,
clar metafizica a preferat sd rdmind la r.echea meioda a filosofiei an-
fie o completare a ;tiinfei, s-a m5rginit sd o sis;tema-
tice. In loc sE
lizeze. Dupd Descartes, care ezit5 un moment, cu ideea c1c creafiune
continuatd, intre cele dou5 direcfii ale metafizicii, sistemele care ur-
meazd revin pe fatd 1a Platon gi Aristotel, Doctrinele lr-ri Spinoza qi
1Lctau6c;euelrilbosupntrioriepzlroacosrez.fuduilnPeniutncenltnseeitagsrzuteiedrtm,qaetdaoilitierngiezmtuadtiorrc,eonauscsnatrmdiiivcneeeudtcrelusaar-'mbrniriilinslnddmeaecptnevdelesuniininttairdstufeeeieatoencrrgnemiciemisnaisiorms6trtenotrieamnnndletcugnlce-ttii.ieiin-rFrarfiurlfecoinumissnotleiefsrnania6-,-
rAcdanaciqunreaeisuutais,nmjuiifvniesiegnceraedsnmc,ioasrncmlataerfaieufcsoatnu_raebmeasuuttooulnantnetldicivd.eseeDoresalsriudartliuaianjiurtliuxittirin.tteaicAbpirfuuntiroiasemtteiuangmlrdeaessatpiitdcadpeafirtiuiann;,tcrdtsi-uupeutcatuneclrdreompsrariivinnpmiusicnenmipccutiatiuemlnliropsiinr--.
guros al fenomeneior succesive in timp expr{md cd lntreaga existen-

JJT,

igg 9: ri€oJ 6ea€ rp-_J

--II-a-au--o1noineo3o-llosTJour1rlrp0elJllulrJonuIrcooJro+ulaarol'T-lgulprrll'rrr*Urrbru1nlgrrenu{Vereels'seofinrreri-1rculJnilepI'-ldprunresipul1egglroquprelrlrp1JssoonnoagI1aooJregrolB0-noJJBr-a+aeicrlo+rJldBolJuani,epr,JJlJus'rpurJn,lfrspg.zoappnlop's'llpIn^orljplEuoluoaoaue]nlnrsnplBrprralf6ep;lpcogacr^^aruaeplBz+uolI+oppsuonIpruIralJals,uafrpr1XoncJ6lJJllo,llsneoaarIIop,ulXnuJu1re^lurorllourspl,rulJleidoJrtosrnor1noausrueJolJfsnqp^nnJo,RpI1lceluneourrSo6ol]alnn3rrnelap]oalrsnoesslzJlisuuslneuepppIaogngusr3arJepnerurd]o.,nap6eq,-i]--,aros"g1J1elelJi1lislJleopieru0s"elres}Jooert1B-oolpabJrqIENIridI"iuqr5rpuJ1rBulr^'1orrn.nraoJuojaIle!UBc1rlplceIlonisl,fggprlz^orlilliss-audooranioIo.ndJun.nclps}rn5orute'iolrll1ulnsJio1errlirII],€nrnrorle'e"s,tllipp,l*irn*az'oro]ronBels.pellto.rrrrn.ruIE1,saJp^rreaiploarrnargrru6lJpssslll,

l-ioolllpL.lalolrrp{ieLarargBp{rpl cruaorpsnpilfr1eD).orJdtroaighlrJrgu'gplooolErpelllleEa]solSr-.roropuollrpodop}pplurppiruo+]auoedu>rlrlossopadaaenrrpuyo,orspJolrrlrr]rJ;n,ne;io+sfsruuurreoi$lr
--e-4cc1r:i',lpi1ur1r-ol'rrnol;r6llirdr.loraol1uronAul sIoes.nrrLolrJ"llrlX]n0ood{lrrusrru{1IrBan0siuururr$nar+-eqori+pu'lgop'R"Jzdel}ueo+ncplnlurlicnrnlr1;uoIIiedp'JjerrBee'cp+ol'ulo,eJenrptufrnuIpln'olueInoIbrJrorao}ppsslaeo,rorJrn_norcisIiraE.e.rplpoo_lrlr
--ouIe--ouBooire1DoJaare1i3sfrrspraIisI3nrepdoNpuleoeenrBIpp{Jro1llrpua'osurlarssrrol'lJJqlRplruolllasalere;oe'aqrnqulnsseiur1lJrsnrlrerrununrassrElrsoodceorrs!Joro1sJ{uea-1uuppdaucgorI,{-lI]roalrrc1lrur_rusauSlprbSuurnrluCeoJeo{raearsoenb'porf6lplIulniduTpsJarirarrlrr'rlllSBor1oJ3nrepu1arrellJlln1lllosredutllpucaruf;rrrrgapofrunlrldalBIul1rueJfuJrgrauu1aoraBueJpane1rlurrllrsSofla1lBlp4xpa1,'b3nSpsqoJrJ}ruoaeoroJaruup-s.fErpurlllru'uuoapnre+poanaeJ'r1tJ1rurrlsi6uolcu}neupnpl1p1upenadda1salJe1epulplld'oEeoleunnrs-opiJus11lr1ralbteruolqJulo1o'rrpBxparJJro1eqluolraonfllrur+arsrosrurl3ta^or}olrrRrlreraeaJfrlldnnsualJgorprto'ssarl+sJruulBnlepsrluuaDpyouaaorvaJIaraleIlaal}lJepJea'.iJpp+uprnJ}pepl4alaudouSrrrnrJlxrBlpuuoqo-ressplpreraorrraJlzlplcleprnJsalocxBsaiaerdaxrqalJ,uulqneupna1ouoaur'(onraearperocirrl}niblrpJre.6rpBaueelfIodJp;frInrrJouoBpop^rlnrIl;uEolrnJapari1uerlxJorrurPd-3lrlsonJlrlSopnasrrunuIsJJdr-*pa-laoaaCupnlrBaasure,l-rtipltJausoSilr]prruacu.ed.oarrggeBoroaleocsrciseinpysoluuJtpdlojrerfinueronunpuBrapalneoznnruroaefl,daJaSpllruirulu$rnun-IJTnralrtBrrorzoiuairperlopfc}irofruJeddr}drseluu;,sueranednapidpoeutjBrDisc:ys1s-e1rsprJrjrIjl
'truPy r11l p
-o-eeruparorarJdtraerlldoru:rdrreppruerBsprlrJruo-lurlnnurslrI'I{auIJssrApurXaulpuIJonu+loauJJnracsslaI pzparolllllrls o arJosollJ plspas
urp erualsls elrJpiu ap ipuasrlJuo1u11r)

,c1zr;oqrsct ursrlalerucl

-r'u-'-uauoaaJlrs!lau{uro)peJnlalopldIlrarJleorpq'arJaalr)nBallocnoupil'lrorlrsnSrBsibrBrqearpudeJAaJiudereorsergp+parJpprrr'J'rrngresnon$c{opl1ur}npJrrurrr1ro11lraz1uSrql',dpnlpleBsutgaulrBrozdaloeau1sn:alr;rsreuplerRp1;r$daangn,u5oBnfrsupnplap'uuuronnniltnpl1uloun1lNoulpnr7luqrlur.ra.asoplre}ulplalpplasrer}ulsJrrbuou}JBrrngaBa,AIlla-lannBosllrBrugaquelJrr;r1sleepegur}aausalelrnersefppdaup11nJ6S1eees1fnaeees_e-:uuordir161rf}

cit corpririle soiide reduse la ultima lor expresie, Dar fizica cu cit
pprroiegtraeslieteazed,tecruuluaitistanueealercattrliciimrtdptoiis, ibbializtaateparodbeabaildnealetuprteuzreonrtacoprprou--
rilor, clnpd mevoodlelalutlupl rcoupreieltdinfislourgimaajutenrgieeimpesf.,carereprood_uvceedmeme. rNrouiulriea-'

constituinct
Spiritul ii recompune din reflexe. Cu reflexe vrea sd arate genez-a qi
caeiseitcierisnutiunncpito:uualnuteictlfiiteparrmersrinouapinlutseaillareeifvnleoccleutpafiuteeti.., Nu vede cd reflexul specializat
ca gi voinfa consolidat[, $i cit
O adevdratd genezd a inteligen-
lctirieneiclefeerrnovotoumrfbioeanleisdmeleuclocrsoeprseepsnopcneudrneiadnntasnimsupepitrroiitcau,tleudisucdpunimeSapptereernizaci.nettRe, .erelAalcfaieullinauignloiir.liundctirrneu-
reprezentdri ; cieuggeilet5rgiie;nenraatlLelraalesenaretuflreiictaeuaznd6sincuts,pdiraitr,;psritnrucciptuiirlea di-
iu-
rectoare ale
timd a cugetHrii corespunde cu ins5gi osatura lucrurilor. Foarte bine ;
cla1pentru ca spiritul sd-qi reprezinte relafiile dintre fenomene, tre-
blie mai intii ca fenoinenele sd fie date, adicd sd se infdfiSeze ca
f apte clistincte, atdcitautael5clainrecoanlutilnuui,itanteeadddmevieniriirniti.reLguimined drept bazi"r
descornptinerea inteligenfa'
E cle crezut
ccddcrinnaumrnifaeirufal fd$idiensaeccetaastcalerzeaartluiciusleeazimdbruecadltu5lfeignteaacsetifael;.i
fel ? in loc
cle a spune cd relaliunile dintre fenomene au ndscut legile cugetdrii,
putem susline qi mai bine cd forma cugetdrii a cleterminat configur
mrainficalonf aiYpi teexloprrimpeiirrcileepuretenugnifdcmlecliareelav{oiuhnilijoilonrisdminutireadeelved.rData, rcaprreintrea--
ltuie sii r:le arate atlt geneza structurii spiritului cit 9qi iaaccleesl cnotmodpuus-
nerii realnlui clup.1 trebuinlele inieligenfei, precum
r.jvencU care se stabilegte intre spirit gi materie.
Evolulionismul lui Spencer nu e un evoltifionisrn acieviirat. In-
cunr:qtibllttl pe care-l pune la spatele fenomenelor face ca e\ olutia
sd fie ntimai o aApcaleriernirfrSa,tru-tnl ejtoioc]iitnliountiilsmpelrceabreuiqei-sliclsiiesuinbssltaanlefazenein-

schlmlliiloare 27.

durata reaid qi si renunfe la sirnboltirile create de qtiinfd, care n-are
in vedere, ca gi inteligenla ce o producer curloasterea ciezinteresat5.
a realnlui, ci uumai actir;itatea posibiJii a fiintei vii asupra realuluj.
Fdcincl aceasta, lumea rnaterjald se \ra rezolva lntr-un simplu flux,
intr-o continuitate cle scurgere, o clevenire pur.1 ; prin aceasta ria fi
in stare si prind.l durata reali in clomeniul unde este qi nrai esenlialS,

:ri irtbui{-, Llr.iint.it aici cii flcrirl Burgsol qi, pril e}, C.,l,tilon/ctcle, nu cxpunc
to.rle ic7-el{' de trazd ale leoriei evolufioniste, intemeiatd de lJerberl Spencer (1U20-
1903) fjlosof, snciolog, psiholocJ, ceiebru om de ccuiislttuinrSsueluniggleiznd-itodr efrcaint cinez.mS5e-
sura ir.r c.rre, mc;te$u{Jit opun filosofiei
iilese, se
pilliaosafre:Lrck.rs/e:plu{.n1.v8r'l1,o1nf.1dc-fr1i,9l,t1ea9amm)o, arccakdtce(1tir7z4gv4ror-rg'1iis,8e2c9aini),tcCvorhreiaamrleeuvsroillReuo[viobenecirshtmiD,upc]ulrriiwn-inIle(f1ota8n0cd9lai-t-ti-i1rld8in8c2J)re-S.clcnis-E,l]crEni,ptsn-l-
cSrtuttttn:cdo]oaelsk.itcnetJdelu6iin,P,\giccruirgrietcunrStae.i,nrioDonmemltcropn.cilcrmirtcoeSdi(e1luVrnc4ir9,c'1dli8ua2r7g)9iiEinpi rcivanrreedmseu-lairmiibeitudmcruoirdbaeitnrndeeefuponridmnaatIerme,nritnae---
dclcehiodrrsrikcc:rsbcai riinc{i1ec8zip.vXeo6rle-l1Sle8r9iil9,u)id-cP-c.itPed.soileJiertmgruinu.lealts,c,meu,yaoVi laailplsieir/oeipiCacotrdenlaadteo{1ad8rie4a5"le-1icn8tit8ce2am) me9iiaa$ttdeterifdaoclni.sCtSt.le,^n{cira-i

[-'.'r:1t,itr'.

s3s

6S8

R--l:R--c-e:eeeea-'aneu;-l+l--Josxa-po1uu]lrtli:coal{-lspJ3{iP1p1n.rLeo1'rrlJrzain.dluflo-odup\iralda.u]uc1o.i:aqirluJJ1snp,dparIro'trlooip\s?adusu0oalpuia^pusrp'll.a'1uiloslla1rleoi1)raloo1pJJBo$llnrl:JrIln0adfJnlJuor1ofooiragllJrl_lad.,Bpnl-p1rudrcnrr3.rdlrFr.a:lrIpru"ol{iuJpJsaBprrl3\IrB1Ldeopusolnl-ral.:aqa.suraaqnSiaapuorlufer'pr'plolirllelr'-a"aadrlaplJup.ooepl1dio'drplfp1lr:lpBo'prsupran,lllsapsJannrunl1,l'p1nno^rtlI6re.r}'eeru6IsJa1Jpp1tqlp;r,Auoorup.nr1rurnaIOJce1e'DrrJIfppalJeirurrfr.eSa-ailr,rrr^llaspnllnprllorg6lacrrRanoosnz'prpuIaigo-prdoarlsdA.;o}rcJisrlA,}ricedr1rrJfulsroirnlrdraEnleJnlJn:soinuSpuilIJ1lusp6,ilIp:nn.ninuJ1upepilfillreeo}aou1ol6p1UssepluynlpfIraeear:ce1Uluenonrpupl'p1iJ${runre1;oysrla1rarIulJrfruSlen+ln'gasrduSeJ-]+erg.poJn-rel1B,oouuul'erlnlJsq.pra1ierllAcfinrse3JcJosrulrodpr1a;l.a'Jrai9uourrlr.aipiucavnprrn-e6{rnnucng'uua?JdSlu.i'pJlqg"l-ssrseounoBuaitsoslaeru.sopqlreearllerlpinl'pepRr6ajAJilunspo1flJrIrp1oei-c1oopfe-llIDoulagaIgrlncnIelndoE:1rlpJl;uapqlantas.rpr3r1p,lfurJnrdafrnusArrunlotl,upuaeo'-1onrg1Ja/upar',rrliuloloponznenuferosu3lpirfpl1,iep0raa1osnlrJrle{,.apse.lrep.onndlJrr-loroJJaisarBaariuuarou:tl1lEiasuedsaarlrenr,pao,elJirnur1rJl-ppptxor_JrureitRelr[iJrprluprtirursa)pgiu,leorB*rorilroirepulleor}5c:anrprurasssjsasr))a'urJ,pfplBrprolarcrnollurg6pas^ioSsjauenea1.sl1aoiiOlpaoe'sla{1la€rl1a3rrzllsrtau'uc''J.elirsf3?te1'pplr-uln,ge)aaaeornjlLplriia-cl6e]Ipdoel1.naitro?lJprj0iJrueauarip10e1gule1rr;irisp€qpao33i_ro"Oull'iiu'ilepJuoaioerrueLpl,orfa16Jl'p.spsluruuceeirrilclsoo'1r"lr1l.qaJe1,1usrJlg-grirati,dcp"arr'ierlp*".1oulo{u!€oapa];i,snxr'.la.u^,isrootsll,l.,ar6drraoprrurrp'1il,.as,rpgo};nfsre1arlapiuiuasrl1ar3rexrai1rp.ooiq1n1rpsuuuoraou,s'oiap,aotsr1eell-u*,glarrnjuotrlrouup:rre10sujoJrrr;{lerr-rpr1rzlBteiriauerestr1aoair;igolnaoi:irprrtlsn"erororr\agOrars1laa,lrajr\u'o"l1'Roalusfprlepr;piauirocs1r:-g,r"lojsota-esr.rprJpJcorrp1ra^feirfavlJo,enAjrpdiirl,'rarriIr1n'oaoolJeprrLlap:lsierpIo'ooirr}ur"lcaplorlpnfrlb;rfeI1ouiu"pllsrpeuJlna"uuelargr"lqa,srauoaqroo1anolrnIeinrrinursrI6oxln.oinqncrInrJrs,JlifJIJijtjrifI

,,'ralorsrr'_ 11'Ir lnrnrerclurJ jl.rrrs'iors j.?j"",r'uJ;jitj'#'.,tJ,?j'l:"itr-J

-p'upuot-'I--'p1erDerUaaJrtS1^pJf,.paeol;1:prIrnaucr!r1prrq6Rlpips{nrrgaauaorrltuu!prpeAtap-rerJfJ{rJer,ura1AlTdareulua.r$uapl'TzJfsrpf1alulalyplaeapJRenJ1puo"inllJopugo6ispd1-1aarJJar,ul.l*parerplul+errrnJapelranseEeusrzfuBup[rr,flraear,rplp,^aplarlaallrIerAelannlpnscJllenspolrnJlpueuulnlassrJdgrla1ltroloul,ororrplstuJr-,slrgl.aor;agae6sar'nlg,luJ6nroJdllrpxrpJeolenrursad'Ilndra.;dafulXrsl3lrpJrrBptrorarpcuarrrtuaJucui-zuolIo'rnraJrorpIiorJJ'a,lrouci^rpureeudnRbSJrlB1iaa'1arJ.luollnooa'cs6pruen,+ni1cirrlppe]opeiprroero.1ac+oJttelilp6rs1gelilrraasJjurie1i,ri,-.plppd:b1lLSrle'laErerr1pasl'r"u-oeSpeofpdlr,olIolnpeinpuioupoS,JacorsaJpsInebb3psrusTplifupuncprr]RujrnruaAonnnlurrllJarel1uurrleJ'pu:srdJrsirsiLon.nnpruur*spabuu{{I]drpjooaouJrlo-1Lelual,:J)rercrp,nra}.\n6apilinlla',ioertp1spllldoni{i"iprrouJ"Juprp{rerops,upolnlatn,eo$irrz"ro61rerap,JurppaBouotoao,tf1resarn,r*,uiisr-lrls;sregnu'orderilroeSlp-rallgrrbrn.;;laSJ,anopi;la]rnerenrnularrrr'",",aaAlfspnrpruou,.f6isespbod:"lriaueeuresorp.,iaf;riDlnnunrucrebgp;1Jo1!lill

t;"iriiuiJi.tor"?;i'q"g;-i";Bfilii"ii,eio"t;trt"di6griianstrg"oiieriiino"odrdieiniuaCnuascotnilereii-t"i-mafaoa"icutn".eadieu,mFriaselaziecl5ofrcisiperasuomlaniopnilfdersidietamr5iahpotuboaiaailictris[i9de$triavt,aiitrds,aevvcteltai]iee.nccE,roduhie.sneiaunoeolusgbiindndntiirtfno6iqrdlfgeelJetmuulgia,dntia"igedt,uiudeasnn,xmri,aaiilstlrtai"tuf5n"eitlteqgonSaiatfsiecogoPefifa99lcuiaccuiElcutncii-icoianuteqrinfmeitoclionpguplee----'

tinte.

V
iNCHEIERE

;ii;l*Ji;*ifihiia"o;iin;niniuiole;ie;,*;r-a;op;-o-cir"ddu,olctatu'*on-ouiJrberti"i,leml"pg"ner"a"itt,d-ttiiiinmateetn;tnriee1ricmtnfiaensudsc",e'dilcecititeuuimpieae"tfr-dunailutiuditauntpeooetcstunzeeorszicrpelliiaaameogvrulieaetbirsfeioamaniimipcis-netdvinaauptoedn,eaDeoilrlrralaeniuetuzmel"otni.lta,vtsinaai'a,eiatpvmsoiil.oeos"esc,iirulnOt,trantot,eta5"aeinutegii"n-lrzre.etscaal-iieuiirunptus,adzvn"oii,atnrdimnasalneeusleulieuclmutmnddocsnca6vccuodXpurtcfioalrrd,iimeaguuulriiieiureuucageiestmuecimatneleteinedopedprtuoisdmodreuronl,lreidecrtbiaiotcaiocscecsnl9iuaouuuenrcnecemlilgmartalrtiacautvcbnerfapobuedio'loutule.reiaotrnplgi6uetnec,Trssrr5cc,l,ineoleeaociuafcncbbtailr9fagair'urdir.auareairdpneeeraib.dccetieu-lb-cmaeiluaielligeuuar.erdc5rseifideiieusvedaunaamnecgaBrstu1tcp&esatoearetitlrur5,tiraumriiraaeensegdlnrvenftdideuoszi9aieuneunt-e.o.erqeclsdndBpqnc.fadihbogieEaei,eiesudipUvrrrctsppceditegilfsemdcergeeeiea.-----,|,'
Osd.]reuurrrisib,,greflcilonepara.rmrcelniut"ednltt'fnuuiclorelieriiu,.ccrprSaeerudeceneucrtclertooerniernpiscgtiu,sivnctteu6auqil,sniitnpidcctiolir-il1-erovirppiiavrirneobeztbiEui,lileninetmtiiedC9eiipcnarrotolreer-fsiougccniusindngin6adet,le'ti.ditzindnr6ititiosn9cnaoiheuteiemvdxip,aibsbardtoerielene-sa-'-
cve"ni;omsp;n;;"hetaron;'ec;ie;iilnnsr"z;i;reitii.tiftnaiblpu5fin',toidnl'led^t,seiiu,idann"elecieri;cnponai;lomau;irrtnpa-pclerieiscl;n6euroettrosBeragrssPilgsboeeusotdrepfirtlt-uieag'eietefcetesrseie"ceuao"il,",utsird"isra"cctfcf.e"rduCd"ruenn"unreg"d,"ututrivs#etindumtuatr-tcreaen,ncaeatrliauitteinirrecnpileie.pterdep9eerOelsuieetts-pniptrjpnvaeueicirgaiduiedoanftmieeueidn6bcrciauiaoiesdi5la.clnededifcttsfiN.ie6uuvDrdvremfnu'aeitevldornmedeoadaguealc1cetcui,rsuaeuaieaeisatonsrsc'fecmnttu,icfneffeegeatapassrzlenlrartuise.etetsagffoujeidtur6cscmine1nsieuieatntdtgteeo9nddoefs,tiaiitaatcltaoueauletiArnseinnn,eodovaicandr5rfl1eiiie,.ezi.cgf1po5pa9dciec-6t-e.-'i

tvE

€pX€----'r--o--sueunso6nosasro1tnaoulo1,uoaJlltas:€rIldruarreatbDll^anrrsana1d1"pfospraar.!"xoaJI)plwilt1arrLoepapcIrrylD"roraeoapr!aeaBlu^Iaa11'lsl('eta.aadnpte72,a1,rl1'l9lpa4a:llnuledren9a6.ppolradutnl'IrraruIlleJ-nlddi[r6olpapIfyoamaIu9pouolr,rBlcg9DdllilnJ€eruu1nuu1donAurluoq)Illb.optrnpuuopedErau^d-W1Dppralznl(sll'aps,ueunraIa,ruDlUp.errlBpala,pcue!6rapnIo1r1lldrsur(e7(a'a7Sre.,anona/,llTuauslarrrllinptl,l,il6osuqatBeoo,uburanIfou)et-urales!ras6pJf3sla^urrlScnrrpnlqJaiuro8"EBiar.c,naap"r1lDDoautpurftDp)-auuiaaru,cer,L3esua,uradr1onlrBc,nlnc,;ap,Bur,ra€ta1,lj,lr1r,auacort3u1;b"adauDral;lbloloi4z"lnlo.l"unerictTrodctaol/:-seap1ns,dlllpjd1rlulai.^capdIOgxirpnaanauu,BautuJi,a,iepuapnDl,taeos6rtrolasu1l(0arlro'ru;sprutrpolpoad,sDe1an,c11llaprusu^ilrsna1zaln);ooraru!prDn7"upr,alrIn,oespq-,n'pFnq'lo-JqCJ'iewnl?,:np,nwa.dr,riuA,I,,ir,sli,ni1;ian1ptrooee,sujnruFl'p"u,rzr1in"eergl,Bleinpj;aJrJ,6o6"6rtlrlurl,or1Jppoa,.If$roqr_.-e4Oruo,ryp.li"riieej1prrlz1p*r"perugu,pOsftye"r',Sranillreialilj3,Ip]z*ole:i,€lcpEi:,,ou,r,.ltfriplBe,e/a"r.il,rn!ze,,ioI$lnrpw]ooirenpt1r1Ijll

-odo 1;rg1or{ IBur p}uJzaJd nu luarurN 'rnlnursrleuorlel enrJlodur_r u1dn1
,alsa Inur*uosfiJaq 11) ourJ+]op JolsaJB JoJnlnl e punruoJ polJpd

"--"p--lBrIaanlsps,-uqa1rpndz.aJaurpalctInBurnaeeuJIlarusarrJp1nluplnael6npouaauao'iure6lplsnIuuercllrllnrnefd,'rlnrrpfurilouanersr$JlrelRleaelu'rsrrpaluIecpafo'irIsRernlJncr'llrcenednlrforuJnpd,rIn,IrrarIaun,JapeppnlnrtBlernJ,farllpdoebae^nlRabrJIeopBlflurrenBfrarlzapureaadrriaJr;rnaeldrrsrrapxrfrdrrapBuJooAllJasJoa,uua3reponriJ"Jerarf;rcopHloJuuue:nglajprJ1lrldtsae-u,a6uteuraInJ5"n1n"pupal"apJ1aHrroSIlnpBnaaiqe1}ril
a-{e'anJ€-na'-ripgraare)lJultBpepcfnEoJf^po,o1nJlpI1rpo+rJJo1'IpnlIAiJlolpaeoscnBroJnrua+JopesJssllu1untlpurnJuonrilRdloJr-sranluauIlBJrdIVI$Jrqai.Vejplqrulourauaftoe'n'opeusgrl'nlaaIsrdiulrnntnl{dzrrrproeJellaauJprnxJr'cJllreooupaepno'l^rpSarScluJJparus3lapoBdaaeaBrolglusuJd.auuloeoporga1eslpraypunJu0u-ucaooros+opalrIipepu1'qnfruSua,prSgIcbqlBorelplBlauIaauarJlq6naopdeelllaJlcru'ppdrnqRceIsrropsUsgc1opoluapallsrrlluJ4fnpenrtpl,sau.eu,elurcuuu,pptrnaontrarlrnlrrluelctz3nldlt63lpupouldudrueuturtl1earnduarlrRIurSaers1dludpufSr-prBaraunarp,srrl,{galiIua'duu$rg,ppuncltlrruJrlnusurldeplrorl.anraerlp,ulnlsaJzuapBqda]rJl'sr3asraaoxlaurpJreu,arSltarrrrsnunJ1nqlpll,,au,lraa,oaedSapor}la/Jl6ulrsrJJJasbrrelnrpaeaRlJnidaoSlotitooepppslSIsauauar1i6oopdulraIIae6pnalrrnsrr,llIdfan1rJulrlRuBueulpsucuparrrlJprraendrrllrrpnSoaauI{JJpBaxfauel,ropna,aIqg,dluaJc6pluyuJa,ao1krlJtnorlolr,JBuLIJIat1aApraJBrrolglIrllpqseJlnEpaceJ6goauroJ6ataalpslf}rraaprsrarr,runIJrJ€dscd1aJJsS)r{ll
Rs. +BlnRJ rnrrBel1a36^n1ceuBor1cfi1npsepr1pur1n1lnar6unseri,ppnlplJ,{a,rl}aslourtqefJuearic,rz;nUsauHr lnzeir np
'ao1lrfur1iS
,11a.ttxetrq

-'"e-rg-eenrrprcaa-ilrpnraplgls'eqleoaallafu-6uIudplalntseur.sicI1nnfnSpnrelCnSrIdlaruIupaanepr1zrpondUaaourrlpsneuJu'pupealprrsnJ3utruuaorlrnJlslJopcaudrdirouaalt-uapr,p.pprupl,rs,pgJorlueploppfnEraupflpla,rrzIlie6Srn'la'plun1oll.rJoa1riuuspulunzaurorJariar1n{l:JpJnrlBBre7lpouJInu.alpnrnlrorrAerdruaili-snaldloq,upsuolucullfIes1luarcpglncoclurnlacn6,.nsplpodduc,11lrlensJuuorifoaanrd,eil1sJqaueopVnln1lS1rrpJnnedp.1llnlela,unnurlaaru{pcauru1tn]la^nrruuEr,uolJ,ffl
-lplqApaJl^oplslaa)n,ualsIoa uaops6+rpaluga,z.ronrlduaar lelnlrllueauJrbnrJropJRJeaprpeernnfoeprdCu)rl
+slozl uI
rntsp6

ztpanciniicuhlegfteenmr,iaorameidsdrdatridudigitenc5nilniturorcsietapoudasntnldtcjairiunteetadcrcp.itoeorteluencnnaadetarle,ifleasiosrcmienmruafd,aif,ngmiicnorittaeniesbnltailoieoeonldincuseietanmaullieiansudtisrielosiunbrmiteuiqlcofir,,iefblatiocenaissuelnuiodcnutlfaoet,iienctacDeli,tisi,geatmcetruBof,noiaeintrfnertemt6geil,tuseloeiorglcetixnteaie,dslntuleeteAfeaic,nsumluenterasxuiupcv9lirrdneieimezfsdSsuxtdeed--t
declt un produs ai vielii, o cristalizare depusd de evolufie in cursul
ei i ea este o prelungire a unei reaiitiili care o domiir5 gi care este
afsipce{e.iucNunleaeafi.uinn.g,eLe,aldrilrnnncecapipnuadtraact rfecoadsretemapccotidautneineasteb",ligor-geelnpineladt5eealsastceudnueinsxoisinntesnntorfuaumaireflinloatsddoee--
raerdxdacraiputtasaitrer1iainretteraerliebtasutaientdf;eclneeuf,ieiinrnaltee, iltigivneidin.efaVsiednsedteeovniuvnmrheamoi eucncuinnaocpglatirinnatfte5dligdeeeaznicnftatinendreein-,
satd a realuiui. Foarte bine, numai s5 stie sd iasb din caclreie ei
ol;iqnuite qi sb nu intrebuinfeze in speculaliune metode fdctite numai
dlleenatcrufiuancefiguni esl.ujIengteteiigmeanifaaleinss6la, care a fost modelatd de trebuinta
o inserare cit mai perfectd a fiintei
I'ii la mediu, este acordatd asupra materiei inerte ; grafie geometris-
mansiuurlipiurivaeieci efiineinagbcisecaulnt cuaocmniqsateiiiinegtsdetsie,egvintieneerlat,clcauirngpdurolrcrereeid.aeCesildnedpedvirtrecuaanrdsedAasinupeidczuoblmeuzetie-t
astlpra materiei inerte, Nu e de mirare cE nu reuse5te in acest nou
domeniu. Din silinfa inteligenfei de a adopta ia caclrele ei ceea ce
nu se potrirregte, rezultd toate acele iiuzii care intunecd o aclerr6ratd

cunopiinfd a realit&fii. Pervertitd de aceste iluzii, siluitd cie cadre
prea strimte pentru o reaiitate mai vastd, cunoqtinfa ce rezultd nu
e declt o cunoqtinfd fragmentarS, exterioarh, inertd. Inteligenfa, prin-
tr-o sforfare asupra sa ins5gi qi cornpletatd cu o facultate care plu-
tegte in imprejurul ei mai vag, fiind depusd din cursul aceleiagi evo-
ilpSgcaduiteroujif6uaioinbnutttmstioenpirt.er-iiruto,aetAurlljitiuectsreaue6dfocnc,beaerocucfrcsanitditaeirosftreiiertlcoseiaiidddnalseauaflsue,cltemeiitndniudqbtiguuneni-iidzfiisiirbebuevduianinalctueaeudvrcmlncfadrefvduaeilntfaeriuiidlaaeiaacpfp5lvusual5eocccrupadrehp,tuatersauti,cdivsrngciiitlrfpatefdecledmtaaaletsr,ouidicep*nemxlgede\t'obrpSexacdsprreaeeiieocnarlzaraaesiinterrciendemtdndt!deisd5aniereantieporttpeefeaurarlaluiraecgll5liceeeti.Strm,niecCrf{ceiaeiail6u,-.--
o errolulie creatoare.
plieLi uhpiitaaltuitui dBienrigascolnucimopcootrnivcaepitnietedleecotsueabliistdmculleuice9ai
precizarea pro-
curent6 asupra
rolului o proclamare a independenlei filosofiei
gtiiiltd fgiliosoofaiefiir.mEasrtee a importanfei ei. Trebuie si recunoaPtem de
cX

rrpnoauirufltilamcleeapisieretrddefub, usdi,eeFsoilabouiscoesfidiafisipoersimmofdeierggit,ieniendadesu-candtgrIuaaltoiantecrerleiztciuctiuft,aatiaeislmecuuSnluotiiig,nttieneslfoeteri
pti intifice, sau sd dea o unifilcare supelioarb acelor rezultate parfiale.
Cu ocazia acestei unific5ri, iEi poate perrnite sd facd oarecare ipo-
teze asupra naturii realitSfii totale gi a devenirii ei, Filosofia, fostd

oncrlla theologiae, ajunge, in intelectualism, o ancillo scienliae. Ea

342

t?8

'atlout?W la srallaw uI 'Bouaulasp ap 1 pa+Blllpnlulds IS palplllpiral-
-eur 'l.rplStru ap Jlirclo t$ uprStur nc 'a1fn1ona ulrd apulrdsap as a,Ip;)
urp plprprouud pJ ound o arBr ad ,,a1uIIlSuoJ" Ialaf,B
a1e1r1ear pJnl

-pu ep llrRtror{ poru ul Brrleas urpp ou gs nar6 opeo} alsg 'as1ra-iden
urer runrlln+u! olaun tS tDBl IrpJ +ut1s ]unuPtrrp ap rrlsorlJ alattn 'putr
-rrd plsuarp ulp lo-L 'plplpaurl Rlpp aJI.Io nrluad 'eIA eunlfinlul octro
nan:sl1ruaeerapciof,slpalqJaJpsCoalJp'oaalJlnuplourlotePluarprtipnuaunutaJnolrsrftdnsploIlrouSrsorolul'roorlcplneui;loualrasallaaslpaPlJPeIoIu^lp.pIJlaIsIpf,oanJp1coo1llut'9tetnrulion1cc1ll
RapIae-r-nSuI+ulll-aroSBRnrlplrJrrdll,rlreInrnrosarlrlzusaJJJJaaa,polrr-uoir"pJrrcaptaaplana'lpaIpaaarnruurefrpr;ernrpJJnrJuporn:rer'slI,lB'sl,IcaaJRuoaul,r\rollrrn'ernprSpclsdpuqrapnrrgapurI6ulllarrpusJllf+'eJuul,1,B'onealr$noalu1pn'pfaIpqeon,puotuJlp"peaplrPaJalpueSuJrutua3eptRnttuPunlprlrraJpi)enrpa1rln{1d-xlar1lIlelrooP11nJreuluu1lspPuron3or"nalnleploeuslStoplulalsuod1zu'daRlole1ot'psd^n9l:auI9sIuJl'prra6Juoloospaars'trglo.ulsanIoabIpopuIrlsJJnbstlg6Ilre9nnrrfrtcpeaauIrapdgl'lprPaloerantprJelulueeodTIurlrlfsopuu+u'ar'stePlalol-anopJfruttlcclIeprtnIJllllI
p--aoaus+orlllprlJa+reronr1fcBlunarr1rlpsstuuaorJqrBeRJ lIaIpBlllJBuRIzralcosatir'dellaarunlslalglz)lepordaBuIeaan6proapluluc{plupnlo}oIr}depn'oel nantulprnzsdon1cstlta1a,rutdnlcrallnpo1opcl[
r--arIaISrsulllBnslnaIpr.upIrdRnopIrr$prlcpllpulenlareolnci6alutaepq'yapa,rluoulnsg!uaoauplBlllJlspcIoooBialauptrarnonppqlsnu6e'lelt;JpuauloJgne+oduaIpsnluBnoIporReaoprrrrpJJaol'pJplsl1ano16^lr3ltulrogpuplsprtaotJrulaolserllpasldlrllufoL,purlIrzannaatdpcerldJxnelscg;oll1Suu61trIz'rParPr^uelIs1}[
'gfur1$ounc nrluact efurlSoun:r llf,ap plnpr
nu r3 glesa.lalurzap a eIIEIBaJ rer 'rrunrfcp poJapan ug 'lrrids a.rlpJ ap
raa-rozflgapullrurpulnelosauurrrrcJpuoris3a'rcR1elusol3utadslaprfo1utnsprlouuJa,lrrbopulaullrrrrndpnrnlcgplnrl1nnl3cerplcaeapJBrlarullg1pa$clnpetalardppfe,ur1rrI3neartn:er'ruplaao{rruSultaollpl6lnruelll€1erpl11uarl1lepnpuJrlreldgprtalruay-arlensurpaFJ
Pun If,PJ 'Ppolaur aP J docs ap tS ppolour ap ollqasoap o rc 'ea1e1ri
-Bar alsa BJorollulure 'Ieon1iospgaJlq'a'1oor:11IO6d0psfl,rIi'1a+lJusanalqdboaIIpaoplBq-IaalIIreqIaapsIronlaospsJnorJnnlunuraleacalnJuounsorIfnlnr{ll
nJ prBlrlrln r$ pcrrlaur
r$ pfu111S arlrr! 'rpp plspaJe e{u11Sounr e1
prSdse Ba]ulur opunlto
-n[arclur; a]B]rzolnqorr

-oAa a-rp) aci 'a,r11rn1u1 apunlo-rd leur a1rfp11ncel
-po6au6nleefupsabpnJanlur]lupa)dsE'paJbeaorllrual]uRrspafurrelSBoruBnor lroaleu1l
a-r-r]3p?1u$lsnuproat-rr:uroaat-p$lrJepItJJurnflue:sinlI,aLl 'llauslsnra6ipuensapuua,torrgprpdfp:uIlItaJ.iIBepIaBRsrpf,noselBluJauapulurlrne6odrplpalluululrnnaos1u'Srplplasppprae'Ja'o€a-rlplrnleaueluxgp3aroorsaeo.lfr1rue1aplgllspIo'rrgauunfnnllcp1rl
B'---BaulIlaplrlluJnpppIrlpSrI'rSlrsa,lplp;u'ppn^olIcuJloBloopoIsssuboIrnrlneiglJsgufuoBtp'pIlSnuo'lronpnrunluunoraucs-ullalporeounBp'l;+c1poosfguEsl1aro1nlru1raVrelera'eeRru,Eltnu1Rrl-pt1rtrlr$opuedIooarullpRrr1aacl'allluxuulfJuaplo1oe1sgr1offuStlrltgS3tl+l3SBpuoosfpuueuapnonprt-3cuIuoe'Igldlrntaealc1:pr)t
I€pn,salplplgriarllglee;arlt'al ngr-Jer:dlJ'1aoleJrIo1ppsq+opJueulluuIropprrcus16pS1lne'rf1ulds.reu13o1$fa,o1ptp1ooaII6IRFncsarap{clpauJlIPnuluorneuuAurI:aJ!plu'.alpJlpae}6€non:c>ut

de apropierea intre calitate qi cantitate, i$tre senzafiune gi mi6care'
O mare dozi .de i'nprecizirtne este gi in ,,avintul vital", care aduce
mult cu unele cqncepte metafizice. Dar lucrul trebuie a.tribuit, in mare
parte, metodei intuitive, .care nll poate delimita concepte clare, ca
inteligenfa, gi care prinde numai acte gi tendinte. Dacd sunt oarecare
doctrinei lui
rezerve de fdcut in partea pozitivd gi constructivd a
Bergson, nu e mai pufin adevdrat cd partea de criticd a intelectualis-
mului rdmine ca ceva durabil. S-a intimplat de mai multe ori in isto-
ria cuqetdrii filosofice ca unele doctrine sd trdiascd mai muli prin
partea ior clistructivb declt prin cea constructivS. Se poate ca acelagi

lucru sf, se intimple gi cu berqsonismul.

aPpernoDtpruiineirnpi trienicletirnceatufaaillctisistruondf,iianairllnoitirindlloloerurgdhsoaotndr rcpitdi dapenratairgaimntioaanticasemliiseutael q,aindageblsose-auomrrdieistrdiecfaifnagc.i

ar suferi de aceleagi insufjcienfe filosofice. Pragmatiqtii considerd pe
Bergson ca pe unul de-al 1or gi-l numdrd printre initiatorii reformei
Ior filosofice. Cel mai de seamd dintre pragrnatigti, William James,
face mare caz de filosofia lui Bergson. Noud ni se pare, cu toato* co-

munitatea de atitudine antirafionaiistd 9i cu toatd asemdnarea in

unele chestii de detaliu, cd bergsonismul difer5 profund de pragma-
tism tocmai asupra chestiei care e centrald in noua filosofie venit6 de
pgei sateraotdcecadn.o$tieBoeriregsaonc,ucnoa$gtini tperra' gfdmradtiosmtuelo, ripeunaevpieritmii antuulaarcetinuinciii
un infeles. Pragmatismul insd nu se emancipeazd gi nici nu cautd sd
se emancipeze de sub acliune. Adevdrui iI defineEte in funcliune de
acfiune : e adevdrat tot ceea ce izbute$te in practicd. Este tocma'i
opusul tezei rationaliste,, care defineqte adevdrul ca un acord intre
realitate pi cunoptinld. Bergson, pdtrunzind natura utilitard a cuno$-
tinfei noastre gi vdzind cd toate insuccesele speculaliunii filosofice
provin din aceea cd se isndtrerebuugienatesacdzdininpsrapcetcicuSla,tiiencmeaertocddesd9iininrrsintrgu6-
mente fdcute numai ca
prejudecSfile acfiunii gi sd caute cunoqtinfa dincolp de cotitura
toate
care o indreaptd spre utilitate. Astfel ajunge el 1a conceptele de
dete imediate ale con1tiinlei gi de experienld purd. Pragmatismul de
bund voie se inchide in experienfa aqa cum o cdpdtdm profund colo-
ratd de toate prejudec5file actiunii; el exclude orice preocupare de
speculafiune, cdci presupune cd aceasta nu poate da roade verifica-

bgadiileecva9drairucutiuteiliriizsdataicbtfai,ledsepinepcpruarlgaamcfitauictnidsi.mi eBs;etresgpsteoocncuimslamafiuiulninenuautilppiteoanatetteraupeeriil,[nediepsdpoersfiriinnbdiitleida-,
rea ei desdvirgitd de orice preocupare de utilizare in vederea prac-

ticii. Este drept cd utilul este adevdrat pentru acfiune, dar ,,imediatul"
este gi mai adevdrat. Bergson crecle cd adevdrul, agezat deasupra gi

mai profund decit utilul, este accesibil ; tocmai pentru aflarea aces-
tui adevdr mai profund, pe care spiritul ajunge mai mult sd-l siurt'5

decit sd-l cunoascd ia luminile inteligentei, are sd se strdduiascd fiio-

sofia. Filosofia lui Bergson ni se pare mai vastd gi mai adincd decit
pragmatismul. Perspectivele pe care le deschide sunt largi cit viito-

rul Ei intuifiile ei adinci cit existenta.

ENVWUED IIUNJ-IN3

.INWSITVIUEdWI



L?T

Jpp -- olplrun nIluad rolalclnl purJn uI alpbrtrSlJ alpldatp prrnq aci rg
a-dlraqprplsaretruuronJurrinrrJrnpldrianrrplu-l pupodoJna oJalnd areru ap raruBruJaD alrJnl
gzeafrqrrrlr]
os ru TruaJop nrled oar,r a(I .lnT
-r-r[rsrupurra6 ie 1ac rnbrsap alsa so1{ualarcl reur rS luepro;rsrp IEur IaJ

'arrpurn rrlaSgrulgnrir erdnseap pJIpIr as aJBJ rrnse16 olsaJe a.rllrrJd
'p[rtn ed ap glecapnf p]spoJe BI parunl pJsprll+
l-lLJrIupppusnJauipollsersrI'po;ea1Jrluuprrfrnrcral blelulei pnlpIsnJ+ulnrntrrrJlrpilreurrrnoul
rS rpruaruo pznptr

elurrl3uor uI ,lni
nar-enrsurluur'sieaJldrprrpppIpun'ur"errroanlgl6utouinSizlurnrraepac13rcluuln'oar1icloeraudllpeuBelraul.rrrlearud6brpnurrcr,rl4lor.arprupor1JIenn1JJJasu{arrInpunperlnrurlJ6roepeJJrnpbe6uaarrsslfupelooee]l{p!:nrJ\lrorlnr,rrapnpclppJludursneraaJlEfepl
ap la1nlonlcu6teauore'prl1nrnurrlilun'aead3deje1lor3irl-nrue'IpJgr1,uodtnlap1lnlrnd^urur'Brr,franaudJanursrpornsuprlruelaepclsl,rrrrrSoo1nlar,o.IipalrJlfnnedlrln; oJ1.relporplufetarnI.ft,l
e1
ro1
-nrrrorurrlpd e psurlpau earerlsed rS sraollparrepoudr o;depro,lrenfulnrtrlopruoelpU-raoql rjTninnrJ.1r

-uad '1up inlnlu1lnJ paipouo nrluacl
up'p-pra1rouJJddJnrunuloqr1raparupaaJprn,floeI,efr-,er'rlppnnr-lnurdurprSoedlutaprcelelralpnaudrrueeplB;rlr1riazaNsonldppda'pJrrlJprnrprunlrsrllr1anuunLraruupAlc1lloutpad1onrleBJdJ1rnZu1op1nnnJpnpouJuruseJprlJ6-rrlaJrrdlzurunJ,elrolin6,IJnaSuiuuaapr'rlszsrn'rlnaunzlearrpgJ3lfu,zsuleanrppJpdlJuoJJulrl_enrrr$rpuunpulnrnfrareunluullusalupraebralsecllnnaselncrag!.lrl.l
allrndn-tb Lrrp erpJald '+soJ B urn) eSe aururgr pA nu Jrruru rS Blsotrp
r-II-erpnnontetprrllltcJronlallcrInclIpFalJ1ln'zleJroorp)noroqlr1uJalrtBorarp-sdqpruroruorulrulnuaannrlLrlruillarlIsopJpourISaup3BoprellrlplnrallorarsulrpJulBarenpa'rllsonrpruraeprluolJJoulrBneJapeadsldlIllespnnpo1ar{trdopNiJannqJl1prrzl'arr.lr,ptnrglf'uu.a,Jscanr1npl-r1anrfuilc}6raaubippnd;z3prlrrupeotil'rplreips,uaprtsruuprrnr:rrprrlodllproSraloipnSouosuozd-urrrpiaoaSreprldrprrafrrloednr{rrJT*qralnpuonprargr+u-rdrqpJro1urrrrnIsoruJlsg,lrar,rRroqopnu.inaJ{,aooielsorfsnrrn;iaeocrreuTlTlpuoiB1Bp.
e{e; asncl rolrrnurpou a1e eco.rdrcar rolrlpznre r$ rolauralsalq erclnseap
'rlSeuauro rrrornp a1a1aua6 o-rlurrd ep lolarrrrp alp oJBol
a'alrreadbnprulsnlpq o rS pdorng e6ea;1u1
-Izrnsp alalourobz arlur.rcl 'lluinl e
eputrcln:l ps pls arBc rS plnJoJl prEA suirdp loqzpJ lnoruzeolF u1

IOTNI{SINYI/THIJ VNIUJCOO
I

qi drepturile ei de putere mondiald, drepturi pe care i le conferd
puterea ei militard, economicA (Si) culturalS. $i aceste pretentii ar
fi fost pin& la un punct juslificate, ins& forma in care au fost 9i sunt
afirmate este excesivd qi agresivS. Europa nu le-a mai putut priini
Itgsaitroaertaiuanimacriep,,iorsadlutujmuldueei dcWee iculhirn6ee,imdaeifIoiirs-rtiidpriseo-,razdoerciadltdoiccrouamlt. iUismJn'p-foatpridtvuaipnXsGdeinremteacrnpeirreeti'-:
cu toate asigurdrile spo-aagnnefoicsrefrinrgaailtled;ciaomsir-cbaiuificiend,ttoddrreiiiot orinpdoCeipietlriicmnidaanliniaci,rmuepdneersriueplitrtiiin,t
uitimele decenii
in
public insrifleiit de
chemarea pe iume a germanismului, cle un adinc dispref pentru restul
omenirii. Pe temeiiile orgoliului nafional foarte puternic la germani
9i intdrit prin succesele din a doua jumdtate a secolului trecut, con-
ducdtorii spirituali ai nafiunii au clddit doctrina menirii germane in
laufrirnme,ast iuanlSimtupriedriaeliismmpearliacliuslmtuurliipgoelirtmica,nseu.sAlinsitnddz.ui -nsue reciproc, s-a
este student
german iungihdu-gi semestrele din universitate in universitate, nu e
comis-rroiajor imprdgtiind in cele patru colfuri ale iumii produsele
c,,umapduencintuaGlietartmearnityu",rilneubeerneei,glunstsouraflgetourl icbdurorgraheszd indeplinind zilnic
nu luceascX, mai
muit sau mai pufin clard, conEtiinla superiorit5fii germane, impreund
cu credinla in necesitatea supremaliei germane. Poporul german este
poporul ales, el este sarea lumii. Ca o rdsplatl a marilor lui calitdli,
a curajului, a rhbd5rii, a disciplinei, a fidelitdfii, a libertEtii, a mora-
litStrii pi a reiigioziidtii germane, lui i se cuvine, de drept dirrin, std-
pinirea iumii. De altfel, intreaga lume merge spre ,,virsta ei germa-
nicd" qi dacd nu vrea sA meargd de bundvoie, are sd meargd silitd.
Germania, cu puterea ei, cu disciplina ei, are sd organizsTe hr-meo ;
cultura germand, singura culturd adevdrat5, opus5 jumtitdfilor 9i apa-
renfelor de culturi aie celorlalte popoare, cum se opune lumina in*
tunericnlui, are sd inalle la viata adevdratd sufletele haotice ale no-
roadelor. Cam acestea sunt articolele crezului colnun al panEerma'
naiggtielormr.aZniicsm,,curieuzi"e, sctdecioprceocnucmeplefisenme isseticp6o,atoe ghici, intreaga doctrind
credintX inte:neiatd pe
uconlescetinv5ti.mIelanit amduinitcdgeicpituoierdnoicctarini dafsirarunaotdteporriinet,r-guenrmaacntisdmeuvloeinldo
clogmS, o religie, care Dpeornaece9etea,ccueeaafirmcedrni, efXirzdbesgdteaipbde nevoie de
o justificare rafionald.
uci, nol]-
geiriranii in toate teoriile germaniste este, mai ales, insuficien!a cle
iafionament, insuficientd pe care germanii nu pot si nu 1'or sd o simt5"
Totu$i pentru cd cloctrina germanismuiui se prezilt6 ca un tot
de teorii irnafisopneacleial$, iinpteernestleuazcdX chestiunea imperialismuiui cultgrii
cle aproape intreaga culLurd euro-
germane,
fiiepainndduq-ii spouarrtagiesi,imnpulupuete"imchetrteacedecu,,duEogurminitdrepveeslatet.6.a"coearsitd,,cdoonccteripnldie,
misticS"; dimpotrivd, se cuvine sti ue oprin un tnotnettt asttpra ei
ca s5-i cercetdm originile, s5-i analizhm afirmdrile, 5i s5 rredem pind
Ia ce punct i se justificd pretentiunile.
Cum a izbucnit rdzboiul, odatd cu mobilizarea arrtatelor germa-
ne, s-au mobilizat gi doctorii doctrinei germanismului. $i atunci 1u-
mea cultivatd de pretutincleni a auzit li a citit cu uimiie lucruri pe

aie

6?8

--I.uBooaJJplol}uuScplOnzpJslrlNouIIIaPJulaBsA+rrJrxqPraTJ3apFoIIlTs'pNupooosfU>,p'IllcSnnlul1gnUnltN3uuSlnrdsJIsAp'plIolrrOullpd+nrBsRd}sIdJaOuJ'|rIodJl slAao}ppUrdplIusoPar1olpsBulru6xaOaa+lqpsaoIlBJx+arIIpaI uirrBplAupcCrsrcpNIrirJ.BquErAplCds3l
p-peoe'-'--q"gpaoa1ulrpzsdrrnb:npuau:es1lu1rJulg1renuneaoSrJraJp11lpluuplfdSriierJcal1pJ1pszllopd'psrprplrpzldrsrrll;(fpna^p"neoIlallcirl1l3llrulounTalnearnl1nJJppJq6upoNrJ1oirreB1llrppspf1oBAui4rreBrleaurtuErsoeot1dpellJolrNlnsnuoorda+plpuldunoIf'ue1s.l,reaeBarBB6J1rpprlr{d,a,n+.€,euuurlulorzSeplon,lnrlBu>u6eeJr:sauIleopul]>nuenaauzI1If:6gnrlnJ,qe3p:a-oonlIr1rAp]auiplfrJ;ru,ll*rES.iaclpIrido1nppngpdluuplodlelnrlnran1lapasfrruus,JsroorIuaru:prilanlr,+qnJ-inlaceulqs,ld1a1p[pnaiuus_l+lsuspua3eruaeznpepalnoeBJ,urqlrsaqnap1nl5,sqp,Rl1urJ,ai_oulog.uruo+,unBronpBrlalupJrullprdrdlra,arnelelupr"uopcac,enlr3see1r6oersRllSopcuueIoSnlj.1reapnnir;eaIoulritasrf1arou_aJcIni;lnixnnBropeIpslgscIJliiit
upusrpp1to-p-':lauSnrpueuostuodnrlunaoJaBlu1llculrf+a1pfBaJeeBJ,r11psuluollrs3rljrdorrpplznrdBrup1nJpol'oareuuuanplryId'eurperrrroJl1BrainlzauezBoJnduoppr1rezdJJuord1Ipor1ereF,SspsoreBR6Il61luarandJ6cuJ*Jacrl;Iai.lugpSpuJorsIr'lu,prnolauBenJrar.a'rzdzo"lJlor3cdau"rrrolluoBrorucrued'o1pseauBJsneezce,uol1nfnaJirupriaozIepulrpl,ar!oiual1aJdr1-nJ11Rnr^ut.p1adJa1$p6rJlupp+slsBuipeneuaaelipepueeaJr-oppgBpriplls..clsup.relotepr,eedar1drsadr16rt6preSJenulsraloREeparsielrnrS_6rBecafrlpBrceilaleJo1prezurilJe1lnoarBqerrr,,rruo6qrrl,eonnaerlJlearpieilq1Jllrnotlul'rogcIrlrneJsd)eappruaolcfoousuu3utpc:rlpdu,uurrrrplirprnJl-r{plnrle'r{Jlae;noJr.dlg,e-rruDepu5lrso,n-seruJo1ollfllplrwolrae,rn'ueslluuuoleztnarrIrr,apglnuaulorarai[n:Juuldoteds1JourdoerLeu+rorie,onlg,Faderse11uJnguauargBui9reooprcrrardz11rOaaar-qr.aui,}leuzb'sr$r,e]ro>a,Brrl1eonupiIp1lrzbl*eIoorrcnierp1uulirsueuunntuoiot!rurBn\dr"qlnFdrlilrereee6azenppaoonpprlar-ieilogcup1psu"l,;i
o--a'InI-usnJsBcleBuaslaappppBJloL1prrl3sern3o;llzun6J,nBrlouususanJr1dcl1uea3rn1nSpp;slpao^uculunpeilfcuq3elae'nr4uAee.ul,d,raarulrazlfaaep,r11zlrrl6np1euzrJelI1raJulr_rueSla6nnprlrsozpappIarcelrlquurs6eeparr-Jr1JarB1Jpe,apupbe1rlerrruaq1prrtu6nperufqcluyn-IanuurlrrSspaatlseldzafauJp]oeIprprln]igslrll
-u1 s'1unl1leoqeze'aar'aerzeluoed6oJdo a11e1ro1eJ rIrBfplIlnnIcaeJ; .rolradns arfezrlrnrc ap p-,ee1r6u
erfer6 'plB,1!lsg aunds
un ap aies
--sEI--poIiBrralsoAnurrquueJBppllsraaocrJlrDpqrpuroIaloIlupll3qgAzannzpdroRnoaplnusJquduqvzglp,p"Bsp,fsu2aurd'engcilouledBsuu;rlneonesagscruurduerpuBru1rsaluodipp61Jpsau.ls+r'Jqendps+a7:r.,upIha6rpluaruiunaznuIegrllrBrouoruorsearnBspaR6padIu3;JJdsorotXpor,araadialaJudpyiipuan*.podlralBsdflr,rloBraJaoBn,rdody,Jpa,oteIuyurpprpnlilruuugaapzrrJalnnlrnaptqqpllzuslornareoroiizuflanlereuoruul;nBpMalrrnbgFoar1rSsJuo.aa,apa,gurl;qJpallorelseJrz,erllldrreulaiuoalaaq'er1perlcrnD6nu;lr
p-----uBguIcnrdcgIJrp1"I$3Ju1'a,,n1pnr11dernuuss1rar"pnfa;ur1sB6ueueu€l1ulupnJrrauupugzJr1rrd1asa'forol6erd1ceioBeenlrldyJlc"lnuaaIlIrlodIpnIJJpJaalJruppu1ruJ3lapu"rJlsvrAplarpeJ.zuupagruI!Jlneil,oIuosJllsiuuBoau3Jr;usleo1iIIeIlJnSJare-1la-rur3BpiBplu,-lB,laon,n,aIc,rIRunuleelutpouarrJrpnuiaoalslBlI6ndlruJrBerrea$Jlrpr1olrroar:lrlneaupue6n1llsr$iaeloJrar1EJlnJa^eflfl,

pd!ieiaelra5clpeeasritnteicteieplexaiss}utael ndeilnaispac,reienl imesxuacnietlaesdnuinftSlce,.tugl eormmeanniiriiiJ, ifindrdd cei tnai iu stare
Ei-ar
ei existenta

Dar sd ldsdm toate aceste elucubratii, rdspindite din belEug in
vasta literaturd ,,pentru neutralia servitd Ia domiciliu, 9i
sd n1 ri-
clem prea mult nici sd nu ne indigndm de exagerdrile pe cale ie confitl.
zEnpedeg.lnartNerlmuu1cutraalecbgecusiintidenerv{edeaaoipesctdatcraifnjiuueedzeep6cia,iartattedev,oeirnnmiita,r-sifuodanrlmeersx5uazlcambitnoeindi dlcasmae'baaElcbfelldeustilastnuuglntialttsubuddnn-rua;iprpgialdenosrgmrtreearS---i
manism exasperat $i le-am menlionat numai ca edifia de rdzboi a $er;
manismului din timpul de pace. Vom cerceta insd doctrina aclevdratd
a germanismului aga cum s-a format in secolul XiX.

Orgoliul nalional este o trdsdturd comund mai tuturor popoare-
1or. Aproape nu e neatn care Scl nu se creadd superior vecinilor s5i.
Acest'sentirnent,
ori poate ajunge in naivitatea lui, are ceva simpatic intr-insul ; alte-

ridicol qi absurd. Uneori se poate ridica pinX la tra-
gic, cum e in cazul poporului e\rreu, care se crede poporul ales cie
Dumnezel gi care vede chiar in pedepsele lui incercdri impuse cle cli-
rrinitate ca sd-l facd demn de impdr5|ia lumii. Nici un popor
llu se

gindise sd sistematizeze acest orgoliu 9i dintr-un sentiment natural
spdopfaocrdinotdriocitnrinidstioraicaeslutameisi,temcinaczulrliapolupoi rauluaivguetrminadnit'dDrei clnd acest

9i scdderi,
dupd cum epocilor de putere qi exaltare au urmat vremuri cle umi-
Iintd li infringere, care fatal cloboard sufletele 9i le fac sd piardd ln-
crecierea. Multd vreme discipoli ai nafiunilor mai inaintate, inclinali
spre respectril inteiepciunii qi frurnrisefii altora, s-an huiit pe ei ingiqi si
au eraltai pe altii ; dupX perioade de dominalie au avut de suferit
rnizeriile gi durerile
rdzboaieior continue in patria lor ajunsX cim-
pul cle bdtdlie al naliunilor. 'Iocrnai clup5 perioada celei mai rnari
umilinfe, dupi rdzboaiele napoleoneene, incepe organizarea in doctri-
nd a mlndriei lor natrionale. Filosoful Fichte, cu vestitele lui Reclen
an die deutsche Notion, tinute la Universitatea din Beriin in iarna
1807-1808, curind dupd lena gi desfiintrarea Prusiei ca putere, este
crainicul reclegteptlrii nalionale 1. In neputinfa la care fusese redusb

ssjicn.cnrEigdt:.ra-ulirueiin,icainrit"pfoie-.ccniftFircti-.diiii,,iosn,rrilniqrri..p.lrr:d'ili'eiiJn.Eiru"m*arre'ior,initrmrsiilit,Jci"cprgrup)tltca-bm.rrlbL<ricnniafriru.eGsunurrlcnctlt,irtccl,nr1e.€tc'la{el.trislaFiirevivsopa:pclid:,5cuficatrrilru:bifeitihii,o;lirca,sicrtilrrCnIsercleilcIistec.eoccbgudltcgiaepmleialivlii.cmmlotFiItecie'din;rgi)oiapiiecillpiacictdcrc(lcitod1rbsflripit.eelin7riletl,iiulrft7iditcoo"icinrpl(c0iet,er1eruio*mnVrr1ctoe-clsIaer1r6iaa:epdeoxir{'f2.rd,inieeoet3ie-uesepsn-or1ci_n1imetrmcall)ieer8ioi.i,iliictu1ciumignourSvl,agnlimt1lttci-taoitseut)]s,eroua,llllitcmu.Vcireuci}na6caxmlsIar1gllIirmtpidn,cieuusaeuieirnlieoluE1nsm;pfrps,rl.ianiSiinaeacdc,rnci.naincrcPpunuucJdtrapr.e,ecreoLrreerdluiel(ns.eimpAe1eEnifeKucaoio8,ueup,talmsr0ueqlr/mBne57grau.aiibInuti-d{lS,,n-id.u.(rdt1aceco1a,i-ipfcuen-i,lrvr-ii0otreau2oe8na(linlirntl1$Eim)tiiaustimi.t-tcaiutrtge1'1su,dooci,-ln8ct1nrf-,erruii(ai09"liar1.oaasda5bi'gs7tio-lsci,8)etsut7ecfr:{oi'rio.e:K'5ilimsiefaoprlsi-tDuc.cvlselGa.it8fiotai.eeoM-en)51sf-rc,iig5'sgm,ldpce1lrorc5aal-ugrciitu)drr:,uc'-*,t--:'.'

350

I9S

-prp.r-{rln?prr{rrlirLprrnplcoiaursjtloJu'D-lu}uSuululpnaIriIBuUlusn'uaIrDraolpelllut'rlpperielloollrJladrslBIpJipJ6paoadaurpIslBszpIrIlo'ouJdlpaiirreeJnoju^lng1tultsaIlrnslnaIel€'lSIppaJl.pl4:s'rralIl.o'runIo_6lplpriaurrlnrr-ul1lcl1laglnparnplaef3trfatrdllxaI1nlp}nuii,-pdsarlnaaloarlsalI1rcupplsldoousartsrurruI-anunrl'rloplllllnsanlronur/daIujauJrlsfu'nlT,lroirn:}spllorpir-pnc1prppproll^sillfrol3ln,oarsnclplfluoJu,etlDrdrf.oeulqlIc.rnn-prprlEnoln.eu'l:oson:ul,oolu.r1lJrpl1poeapnvanrJuJa'1liru,'JepnlfIaotrnorlurlrrre.l"rjudnrobaiiloaDjeorp1rser.nS1ariripJiaeeo.a:rar,oapnpJ<rilldisgouanrIousn,l:lupp,ironas-It.llepnaJlprJ]p,og,lcrnpdiilpBotliu'.ipSrlc{nus-,r.lnrpu'lref.?JisIosubnZ1BIlr.errpnropiiyiIJiltl

E---aaEaao3llI{l{sin.rruRliquiooolulprJnIIIBandll']ul,nEJ.ear{}JnolJreallrlpJmura'rdprnridsn;udrlnoslolnespplnpopalddp}rsrlp'nJannrnalvrepa1Jl-^lu3spno.elooJqpnrdIprunroBualdap3upuul,aanur,inorualnla1pasplrlnnalia6aaJltrprplusapaaupillJrlplusluoutoIrE]p!nler^lcolripaa)rllxripllpeJrBgpJJnuu.spairulrlJoppplpspsliJrrJaullrrpioJaIidrsn6.vbntRjlnpnIr.nblnlp^lnululaIlnlanrpl,}Jsfrl,uuIrnralpaJrsJadazrsu,,IlJarinnlastpr}Blarlunau3rJI};l
-P-pujlaltfl,lsluunn'Bl Ju'erlzerlelepaltuJraoeutunas'pdpunJessuarp'erafrufsiaaloerJJpluxlaero6qpnzlJrpr-aprp6erp^laaas;luouJI]JsrnnssdrreEnpprrna,arrluppnorrulrr.a/eaFrlprorrrrlrsoorillnp/celrll
l3ol-lrJrtlaalplolFrlolrAqcrJJllaillpIdrlnalorlIauundroasprIuaJunolatcrapltnasdrsulappI'llaa.plrdllaorpedJllJrirrlurrrualnnJlqn'rp'IlJoSrnJ+ullnnrual6lpnoiueuplJsrnrarelunlpcapeatsl1rur,ncsirenlalnnsl1pbnuuurgsoBeldsrduulunlprrrJJpppalpurJuE6Jo;JalppBaaFzloirrrsrprplreup1cr-anElorsrur6luparuuoql1lrip3el1dUIxnIeo+Iarrupuen-lBrbS]eTsprusaou-erJpraIrIepJst
n{+uad pul}dnl p+IB ap ad re,r,,,ursrueur.rafi,,ap lnldaluor alied o ap ecl
pngpuntrordu I'n1nsrluneJro6po-ridolauzaIzrrSle'egrlr]z-npes l]sronJpppllsalqnetl-Cs rrrrpru;aD ea1-y1;6
'snporct p-I arp:l ad
IB rnlnlolas pprinJuoJ as arp:) Inl eaJpureqJ

alsts 'euetun prlolep nJ ,npnopuuIrn-rlalrbicplsrrrorlupnpl pnndru! RS
rS (lleqqas
--'-aLnsiPurlis,lo!lrd1,rrtiEalnLppJLlrurppr-irluponJrulzoen"olrJcrucisoitpa'rfpr,poe,/r.rrszcnzilcrupaTpqroSiqsrpoJacJsri'pznrannp1qlur)eroltJa6soDeo6fte1,op1real1orc]o+o[ Bijrrns+nqrl1on.'ueqlrecr.l.iirr-1JrdpSsto1otepIlr.pfplildiploelsrr,lusoea,lsrrtalJeap,t]ter,rrnoliern:l){l
1arlI-rnSu3u,illnSeprelalauaafsl,'Jusorrlrolulplnut6rtauseettrraJudJrprarorp'l(aatotrpbyurpd1-nJaaospuusotarnIr1rJrdop)'opnlJllopuslrlrrr'elnTouoEJdlenadlrlspBuoruradso'rqBruulrrpeoopooloptnnlrueperJnelpni,Jllprn]lql1urpurnnnlne1rsladalrJ;olaorledJellarpstdfaspJpqlu,r,arfrlI,rlplsrpTfpo'l,aJplIrloptaeupqauurfrorl,o{onrDrqpnlrr.nlrs}rl^rrlrnTJuinrpeuiullcaprpi,6raa1onnun1rec1lp-aeIuezp;i
ea--nnlsi1pe{'anerrrrJelddoan6auspaeItIua;peIzl}ssaeezBaroluee-ra{luluruoeorpsrdagpssea1rplBapf,rrlppfaeJaucaoanp6pBpaaslgloadnprerooenllrrnaqrrufededBpneIs;rrrSo,rlospudplpppsJuuprBltaruaFrI,r(rTlansrzrcaaoqlp:dqracoesr4foyurrt.crartrlrgSuo)r
er-p-'ggLnap{l{proueou1aiio;nl-ocl rdEuuleraoaiorIrrr1ocl}pdxnugs5a1p'uaeJenpraepeilseeldouarplantprpJpa6sJzlgrJre]lfrpaininl:aC]lrpuurrlruunrlr'araorlJale+aappluunlur1nl.pigSnarell-6erpupnsrraserTqTIdBeorRsuJaJ'1lrrlelnnyBnpr1llnRdau:Ieruop^alllaerlluaJuupur1prigproa.errfp^nielJ.raprrer{poreepeorrlciaenSpenurlarrplnraprJrrgnpqrp{rlejdtr,1r,paurrrorae_r{1,rerdruannlo1en1ra,aJ;rrt1n1aalnuo3Slludonpeerrsdlrlr5sslee*1pegu1uapso{arJeunJpparl

e bun la celelalte popoare e in proporfia amesteculuit de singe ger-
man. Dacd francezii, italienii, spaniolii, englezii, scandinavii au fdcut
ceva pe lume e numai gratie faptuiui cd la formarea nafiunilor lor
au contribuit, in diferite mdsuri, germanit. Tot ce e bun pe lume este
gi trebuie sd fie german. Germanul e singurrii om
cei mai adinc al cuvintului, singurul om tare, pe iiber, in infelesul
libertatea lui spi-
ritual6, pe tdria lui de caracter, pe puterea lui de a-;i: supune natura
se intemeiazd cultura lui. Esenta germanicd trebuie desfdguratd in lu-
me prin realizarea continud a libertdfii, prin ciqtigarea uuei puteri din
ce in ce mai marj. Puterea cea maii mare o dd gtiinfa i cunoagterea
mdEutuiiilnttilpiafliictcidt5aainpnfeinanitttururpiiugptteiuirnnilteed.ioaPmudetnieserpgeotaiz, ipfdiaeeocamacrueeieuaoi pGudeidermrigiaetniinniaafatsu,-rianiitosctvar6dre--
rdgitd de puterea sufleteascd, de tdria caracternlui sunt esenfa cul-
turii. Pe aceastd indoirtd forld se sprijind adev6rata culturd i esenla
ei e forfa. O civilizafie care face apel ia alte elenente, la sentimentul
de umanitate, la ideea de drepturi naturale ale omului, slSbeqte fi-
rea e menit[ pieirii.
oAmteunnecaisccdarEei se intreabd insphimintate
mai e rostul dreptului,
popoarele care au fdcut din drept, idee roman5, ideea superioard a
vielii lor ? Doctorii germanismului privesc cL1 mild la aceqti fii ai
haosuiui etnic, reprezentanfi ai pseudo-culturii ori a| fracfiunilor
cle

cuiturS, gi rdspund cu adevbrata teorie a relafiilor dintre drept 9i for-
ttrtAduea.ttit$eceioierainnielieialdagcoeefacromstrrtmHiannuetilesai mon:ruuie,iu,afiog.rdf!oSasripmmpirruiuimtlunaeult-alsozidr[amin$dptarri,eiesiptnctauacllr"ah.mcip1tlenultrslei5malenciieiccsaeitlauernebmudruluatsdiaialan,cccedteeaenosq---i
aplicdriie teoriei nu au fost departe de formula populard. For{a, zic
ei, nu e totuna cu dreptul, insd dreptul pentru ca sd se afirme are
ne.roie de forfd ; un drept nesusfinut de forfd este un lucru rnort, o
non-existenfd, o himerd : insd forfa afirmindu-se, prin aceasta iEi pro-
clamX dreptui ei la existenfd, Ei cu clt forta se afirmd mai mult, cu
atit dreptul ei e mai mare. lnire forte eceoailemraarihmiea9rei ,nuo toate au ace-
lagi forta atotpu-
drept 1a existenfH deplind ; forld
t1raceeuorlstnol5iuscrs,cfSfionnin,ifuneiutcnpdicdiorvaeeaeipdrcestruuae{llipc,dtlvd,reoarseprebpftuoatidlusdealt ebniInastsuiofuionlcugrditcig,ldrciceniusupeptcjaufneorse1art,ttimdufCiaraqariiila;madbpdasalrocirecedluaptdrft5eour.erlltTpa1aoot,rritniFi1ccaoiee-t1arteleacapoozaanpdsb-ftoseddaorze.i-i:i
forla, care e forfa cultural5, in care e ingloilatd atlt forfa materiald
cit gi cea spiritlald, cdci nu st poate concepe un popol slab care sir
fie in acelaSi trimecpiprpoicp.o$piorindecuciutulturardn;acliuulntuiiorar 9gidfsoimriaomieartaerrlhailed se
de
condilioneazd
kgv6rua1ldtkueer,rv,S\plnkoneptropa;olepporpianerterjeufmfcireddlteactdeueltccuuurldltti,uvraNdtea, ,tuuniraevrl\elaknletuer,les9uVi npotolkpduoelatcurietrvHcrilaleklbeckuruit(ultdruiSsr-,-
tincliunile acestea sunt ale lui Vierkandt) popoare deplin cultivate'
Cele cultivate faiuduenpldilrecputltaivbastoluunt asupra celor f5rd cultulfi, iar po-
drept absolut asupra tuturor ce-
porul care ar
iorlalte. Popor de culturx completd nu e plnd acum decit poporul
german: de drept divin lui ii apartine supremafia lumii; 9i are drep-

352