Antoniade, COnstantin - Opere

909

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XI

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(lesilJur, una din cele mai frunoase gi mai \/ii, care se poate citi ;i
astirzi cu pldcere. Degi autor-ul nu allare niciiieri in cartea sa, e pre-
zent preluiincieni : in portreiul ideal ce face ornriiui cie curte, sau mai
bine zis,,omnlui c1e lume" (secolul ciasic francez il numea l'honn€te
homme) ccntemporanii a';L recrinoscut, irnpotriva voinfei ltii Castigiior"re,
portretttl insugi ai autorlllLli. Pentrr,r cd el insuqi era un curtean des5-
virgit, il Cortegiano ideal trebuia st"r-i senene intr-o oa.recare mdsurii.
l)ar nu ercesta fusese scopul autorullli: e sigur c.1 nu a vroit sd-Ei
tzccraueuccierl-ru,ilv:eccoaCinsasccseiiitpipqaariuieocLznaoineptueoan,rlriciendlateutcalan-ldurc:luneniuviimcniaiaciuiiainurenno,t,lrnt-Ea-aibilrs5cleo.isNns$iisiicmrp.-lreeilc"sci1rmavariaregci-ialtvvjiart-at-lbLlei-cs"ra'euie,ialcincieoecrsslae-t
curie inlr-r.L'ar-r1 clin momenteie cele nrai fericite ale Renagierii, clar
alLliuri ecl acest clecor oarecllm exterior grdsim o prezentare fideid a
personajelor in aclevdrul lor psiholoqic. Conceputd intii ca o oper5
cie pieiate, ca un nlonument intru amintirea atiior fiinfe alese pi
scLln-ipe, spre eternizarea uLlei scurte epoci de fericire, scrierea se
inallii sjlie un scop rirai inalt gi deriine operi"r cle moralist, Nri e nurnai
un manual, Ltn coci de purtirri ale omttlui cle curte, ci un,,indreptar"
care proprine un ideal de atins. Casiiqlione ltu era nunrai un curtean,
rin car,alier clesdvirgit ; era in acelagi tinp un umanist, adinc pdtruns
c1e cultura timpr-rltii, care punea accentul pe individ gi liber:a lui dez-
cf\:dloerldtlaursrei:.iegD"ic-;oisigmculdre,rstuCdrvaisirsegtaiiqrselciaoSni,eu1ia,arcdeearirrnadvsineuccp'oelelrorieo,rcil:ne laapcrieirnnsdtuivlcuirdirrut1edla,pnpeertifne,tc,eotgr,ntelua,l
exernplarr"rl clesiivirgit de urnarritate, cel care-gi dezvolt5 armonic toate
aptitudinile, triiqincl folos din tot ce-i poate aduce cultura timpuiui.
DacS centrul cdrfii este portrelul ideal al curteanului, in jurul acestuia
umanisr,t-tl, cdruia nimic clin mi;cdrile de idei ale tirnpului nu-i era
sfr,lin, adunii tot felul de elementc care fac clin Cortegiano un fel cle
sunr.mo a curentelor qi ideiior epocii.

lnchipuind portretul icleal al Curteanului, umanistul Castiqlione
rdr-nine in traclifia clasici. ln scrisoarea dedicatorie cdtre don Michel
de Silr,a arati cd precum Platon rlescrie icleea repr-rbiicii perfecte,
Xenofon icieea regelui perfect qi Cicero ideea oratorului perfect, tot
aqa s;i e1 a incercat sd dea icleea curteanului, adicd tipul des5virgit al
omului cie curte, nlr aga cum este in realitate, ci a;a cum /rebuie sd
fie, Castiqlione iru adopti'i metoda realistd a lui Machiavelli ;
descrie o realitate datd, ci un ideai. nu
Recunoaqte cd idealul e greu de
aiins qi cd perfecliunea nu e la indemina oricui : ,,Cind mai multi
arcagi trag la |ini5 gi cincl nici unul nu atinqe centrul, cel care se
apropie nrai mult de acesta e fdrX indoiald mai bun trdgaci ca ceilalfi."
Desiqur, Castiqlione nu era perfect mulfumit de viata gi apuc6turile
curtenilor din vremea 1ni, deqi ia Urbino gdsise o curte mai aproape
ca oricare alia de curtea ideald ce inchipuie : propunind un ideal,
sub expunerea iui se ascuncl multe critici implicite, altele destul de
explicite. Dacd ar fi voit sd dea un tabiou realist aI viefii de curte
aga cum era practicati in Italia, ar fi avut multe de spus gi desiqur
nota satiricii n-ar fi lipsit. Aceastd griji a rSmas pe seamn altora,
care sunt desti,rl de trumerogi in Cinquecento.

606

t09

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ciocnirea pdreriior felurite.

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608

609 if f,iiloj 66-{lg }iir-l

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eaieirlcli lJ--,.1ii :lrjcii.r; -.rll]r,iile.j.T]]J lILinil-Ii;lt- :l i:ilucpoii 91tr.,ir:;,'r7 i:'i i
l Llia).iaj:i oi.+ i:j .,.llii.r;

'J/rlr :. a i;:.:):(.i:.):i '';i.Ii'll.i.:Lij ':-rttile;i eii ?s e llll) P{r Li,l il .. j.- -''ai.r''
iltlE-);rri. u-ttl,:i i;;l':t; i. i-iJ.L r;-! lll; r.lli l:ii.llli]:i-I[.) :., -
'a,iiii-rn ]arils , ,-

-i-tci, ilulr,;u,-ig t;u l;i,ir,iilji iill.llr,l-r3l j')i11 EIirj-.).i ::li L:ii : irli:lr.: '. i.:l'l ' ii
AjpC] i;iii C ,r:i;l"i;: l-iil irsr.,;ir:'i.il.lj 3ii-:lrirr'ril,; r'; -i::p li:?.iJl::,:1..-; :i,r!.-r:ii;1
ei-:tuti[ji,i;rri:Jtl'.-.ie.;1":])i.il,.ii.|;:r:,.irttj,:lf..ri;al.1i'iii..l-iiL,,\n'i;,i,:i1lj-gini-;3,-]:i:,t.ii!'riale1illf:i-uiit;i;'iili:lr,.rili",ii;sp.i;oijri;t'JSi l'ril'r.l{i)iUiEiiir3i---itiiqii:rEll!3iii.lr3tl-ljur.i;r-JiaiIii-\',i,1,-:'J;i:-'ti-i'l']ii,Lj.i,icll!gi-'}-,i{1:}i,t1:tasJPii'ie''ir.lrlltl,li.i.-.i-lr--.-',t:i:l,:;iit:r-::a'i:;':1.'.:'l,ii''ii
p aiio:!sf,I;-1l;ir r.)lcls;r-13 il: :.ri
€.,\l'rg cl,1 i-iiJrt\1 I;L;i) 3-I1!rl illl?3 a;li.taui ciSll'lLiii:lo,i I1 i-ri3.i:r-r ;,.1 'iri:i\
i{liiiil 1i.:-ii.rlti-o oic a:tr} 11:r ';1cjio
l.'llill

rril Lr: ;{ re .ii;lerliisnr r-1iL 'cairilra Llts liitrl iili: :t -l..: 'a;L!o ol'ji,jul:! i 1;.;t.'lii
E-1,aJg ii.rl;l I.sIUeiun l'rlJJ? : aii0lLfilliiipJ e i alLrliiliptl!il-rllliL!i:n?;o:i:f-O.'-iil.r:l:'1l'1i::.-:i:r.:il?i llil-'i;11 llil
-SALi-"i'C-l iq,IOr\ Ui Si:rL-J iE'.il ilJSi.lai-ir'tiop ll:

.r.ill!iiCi

-alr ti!p plnlRJ rr{er0 1.1}soJe e;clnsp 0irnlop,iit;z;erifo;;ti. il.lo}liJOl
olB'-plrJpG+JiJrJne'ii,jlaaIIr+Jr,'ee6innf"ritoeu'uggsssgpIe,edrapoauuu.rrgreppn;d^ltic;seainRJolcBuqolsJrooPEnp^EJoSIeS:oolJ:JelpnnULlflaIa,DnplIsIzJBlalzalelapJrDidptellnsspdlinpnppzzlls:pt!alaJ-.II:eln{pcptlllDosBLpuo:IenilPiJilcllnqlolsJuttotilo]lclusn}t1inp}ruid:El,fsiera''1.pn"iz"!Ei.tp.:st.rt;ilil.tlloii'{la]-:lir)e+s-sr-ij$f1\ii
ne-InBuJInJ+ou+'oBaEJla-JrU:pJanoaJJpsplusIpapasJrrPaelilolrnnnpqudroerll1Sleeao1e,lrqncur'rtplrgn'ap:lrSfuliearlr0tuebn6duge1l2aseereilfuaiefrle;et6ltf1iertafiSuotrrnufeqlrnpofrataarulgspor^tsri6puturln:tispSLeluI3'!e1-liopupostl-;us:tacoltcluslil

iacnulsrtsrtuuemflesetenetlceou,rn,bo,coairlsncciafnvf eu$iecamocumlzihuicnzadic:am,sacdiecoieinbsprtaoittaddt$a9icofibitnoius9te5iliicd$irnietlpaetadlcuinmcraudiivsneaorcbsrueil

de antici.,, Muzica, aclaug[ magnificul Giuliano, nu e numai o podo_abd,

eosimRc;dieoeapnlmcgebooasalaibndoetneiiolcolufaud,fitm,dppnddirieetaceeacsrtzeuceteeesinra,dnandrtpdeezplipmucaicotgnusutrddrrr6dtiiaevsvecaicuitotndlundaurofuiiludaeudnssei,d.ccu,rSlmPiirDdlepgi9iantecliurainfnralitaganiiol,todtaadmetvmuzcers:auuicuigzhlspuir9cecdemdiuvr'cieiaeopocalatinuloiu.rtrirdrntiuoPetlvrcDaieceeGnuatlrrueusignairldlrda.nlraen:lzeCntaeecuriuoia?strert;eoevBbfacauouidsnrnrititoeedni[i
Eciioacrntieqatiu,suapstdinruadmeboediaetdteizne,u9giapsealcoinnudluair,gcuumleunmteinled unora 9i
umanigti de torfe
altora se
gi zgomot de paqi, o nobild companie : Francesco Maria della Rorrere,
i} pleletto, ssediuntpoarcpeaa,luinlisuofIiIt numerogi cavaleri, dupd ce condusese
pe unchiul cle drumul spre Roma. Venise sX salute

in
pe ducesa Elisabetta gi auzind de clocLa conversafie vroi s5 asculte
pi el. Dar ora era tirzie : incepurb atunci rrruzicile 9i dansul.
11 seara a doua, Federico Fregoso are sarcina, date fiind caiit5-
lile ce trebuie sir aibd cllrteanul, sd arate cuirl are sd le intrebuinfeze,
vorbrS, curteanuL bun are s5.
deci cum are sd se poarte. in faptd gi in
fugd de afectare, de inchipuire, de prezumliune ; discrefiunea in toate
lrebuie sX fie regula lul ; in orice face sau spune trebuie sX lind seamd
cle loc Ai timp, de cei ce sunt de fatd, de virsta 1or gi a lui, de scopul
urmSregte, cie mijloacele de care
ce dispune. ln dezvoltarea acestor
,,reguli generale", Castiglione aduce, cu discrefia recomandatd curtea-
nului, o critic5 invSluitd a multor apucdturi ale curtenilor italieni ca
gi de aiurea : linguqirea, inchipuirea, impertinenfa, aroganfa fa{H de
cei lxici, lipsa de tact, birfirea. Curteanui, spune Fregoso-Castigiione,
e dator, rrai presus de orice, s{ iubeascd din toale pr,rieriie sulieliilui
pc carc-1 serveFle ;i s6-1 senreascii in totul. Sd fie cieci
u1'rni: rrrincii.;ele
perpetriu aciuiator ? intrerlpe Pietro da Napoli. Nu, ii rispr,tncle
Fregoso: adulaiorul nu iubegte pe cel ce iingugepie; cit rlespre itl-
plinirea tttturor voilor sitipinului e o margine : vorl;esc nulnai ile
r.oi1e drepte nFiicciincsulirttee.nNntircli seniorul nu trebuie si cearb aiiceva
curleanului, , orlrr-i elr: i rirte
seiric;rr-rlui ; fa-r:ontrile

i.reiruie sd le merite, nu sd le cergeasc5. Dar dacd principele e rdr:. si
riicios ? ,,lndatir ce-1 dorrecleqte astfei, curteanul sd p1ece, ca sti nu
incerce lnarea durere a celor buni cind servesc pe cei rdi." Lodovico

Pio intreabd : geniilomul care servegte pe un principe ii clatclregte su-
pLinere in toate cile-i poruncepte; trebuie oare sd-1 ascuite cincl ii
orcionir lucruri necinstite gi ruginoase ? Nu suntem legafi sX ne supunerr

nimirnui in lucrurile necinstite gi ruginoase, rdspunde Federico : cla-
tordm supunere seniorului nostrtl nttmai in lucrurile ce-i sunt de folos

gi spre cinste, nu in cele ce i-ar aduce pagubd 9i rugine; suntem
datori a refuza, nu numai pentru noi ingine, dar 9i pentru el. Castigli-
s11s \zf€o deci sd pdstreze cit mai multd libertate curteanultti
sdu i nu
vrea sb fie un instrument orb in rnina stdpinului, ci mai ales sfetnicul

iui spre cele bune.

6r0

rx9

--+p-ag;-t-tpt-+--oE1ao''nJ--1l-os-ga''-r:Erecra€:acrrond;uTcusjOru3s6oIpltsc'ceoJloJsruLLfJ1:lrpl.lo.npro,l,lJausld:gidoterdrololroli;:ri!rorne3rig1Jp'iipIt'Jder-p'ruu-er/sJs1fa-iinarIr;oqrlrpbreoaOus;ocJronaps.oe0pai-lrurtrpr'iqrasprqiu'SzrSnapncr*si:cpiias:rnrJnraseeslpoRipiroriia,nciLeijJg3puerarplreipl+pliroul-liri-alilclsn?jerlJagiiroriD;lu-irr1sr-q1g:uogjr'nlrnrr.su\plppaopaszo*snre-t-.urrali']JaisirJlue1r!nl|oilitsar_ojolrordipoZlporerLspJe.appnaa0plrurirpurernrrranz6asari'aoui'epu.ldzrpljsirsrolorspunrszriJ.urleuoJu}Joelroeritp'nso.rlouDelJf+pfprsIpjra'rir^srriopu,nrao1noneldie\rnr-rr[ppsei'lrlrprpsirprrD;ideocasurr.uouuiri3G+Juusesoricinrp,,seoJr'l3rcog1eair"eiu;ei'rrrrlopalqp-laq'rurliirapoonlr+pporrnpouprIpar;IrJJrr-esrroegpu,lpe^IJols$iraesoolippo1rrcr.prpt,Jarplu-ooIppa,:lDlfnlnnol;e-Sptlrngo+olaunlJIn'nqopDjplsf1rrepp,qalnrsr1llolusda,l',}rrpef,auuoirrol!n16ol+ius3olJrigJoo-rr1orursnlpesaJrrusraeuaoilquulrlrple:gpnaiplouudc1uLcpIl*a[ei1p;irlooibo1-'rudeiJipioitl€u*r\rrprrliorn;drisopusfoeeUuneouu'J,Litsaola.opiiuf1rqsp1'paJr_pnospri5oor*,olIpflJusa-s'0lirparoolraniouror',ts-urpgeorp'lnriooGcio1JrrJitps,eolrSa-oalarJpnbzrsiin-pl'!is6JliaorfrJrc1an'sLunep-ele'Jre3Supno;unnnrr4ariarl1asiorrSoucrisaljnnqpsnJrdluu1uoss-ngaBli.n'1nauprrdlrriaclriIiiseeiui,rua1railqzn0olafllralplo'a,ol,.r:ite;Jdon,e3iraoupuiolript,1le6c.ep^ro,p1nirnr!lrofprrcrlr,rrhe!ziJr,r'RJuu,rortoIOl:r:npuCtla,IrnlliaiiiJ,"oooauz\laienroolarluoenur;aJIeJJlai.eplra3rarsnlJnpitJpJrpDlnJ^p,prounrreeaaesltonT;npliurp'niq1ar'{arcl3rrIasnlJip6iairrurp,Cuer1ucSna;alrupp'flblpcsoiep6nJerp"{rie,nsalsor,joiu1es'-rp!pooeuernngrJ'pauuarpf.poin,u"1ileoplp1;raoorJrr{eontI;orsuruso1:e-neur-aetirp1,;rsl;iInlirf:i1oJo,clrar-eaCaelnrSd;JeXa,rnnltrr,raclr3Dlpc;u,i3louproaaepslsneBiqr!clcrfr.nrrlaarqip,g''-rad'lunlnJu;ilirqsofor,,lrpS-iaujra,O:trnalJ6plnsgalisrla*rogn3leor'oraourafarpcecainrnalEnoeiJ11i{j:aqJ,-lJif,nrlarius_Jaso1ssrclpJJpliaa.Jtgpepn]el.r,padrEiorr:od'pf1uaal'l1l"lirCoue,ppouacutnppuzsuuroar0r1rJrrp*.'udaBa6lellFeorirpualsdnairio]r:i6]a{:aocep-laJara.i,oidripnl:,sJeuap,rpi;u1rlaseaorilpluir:s"orrsJrs3ndaoju-u"u-arr"lausIarlgpalnioouitard,pinrq1Jrgpnuo.urlen_sp{pipflaro3plti1,qrsca,psseliirn11olnr;epir:,qnESqlie-la,elearan;ilpcs,lr,lsu,:xig'srcn1onrorrs1cij;,3urstnllunJLiOli.roit\e.i'.3aiinllde.n.FrnloslrrriS.e,r-6fr,opoistinofr3,;rluosu,nn.i.;rjrr"JpJz_crrirar,npa:a:crp:oJouirra1neq'i!ignprpefriirJioinqlur^idi_}rps^p_egptppJlfsJjJui}[iiil)r!l

*q-.-aIrta[-'atnStrorssaftliiriuni-llr,unauIo.teprporonpJalJ]orJsDIElcop^n-looleorrleIldrjsJ:€]rainioaqulpnt.cjaoiirl3oJD_cirzprp1]r'lespp+l'es[l'e1tegJnsrirrruapnclp}uiruEni1ioulirofegcnoinl:rrpgeesrlJ^6.i-AIi_o*iuraonc.arol.olruJrolsipu,uoJprasrorJ"ri]r-noulrrnprapI1oo+opDelosr6rnrru-iierprreoJ1pr-nolrs;Jis-;Alrl'orret*rJdr.gp,3opT'pnpenr:{JsszU.J'ur:d{?oplJslnnli1l_olejpclfsriancep1palzaJhessosralogplrroai[S-euadeplrullrirnrplsaooonrpieulgc1uolqseoedig;o-rtrl:ifpspdnlEeeanenslessrirlpSufsaprrn{_aoaear*r:frqTpqq]usp*trnu;sn,1fpsa'fosner!epaualp:pJail)lnlerrra'rerg,nll1Joipgluoreo:rqieeurorrrirolr_aoun-r3c-arn,slrrq*.raruaepaa;ielex3auuldas,f.a0irnprri'tirqrqrrp,'lx"gru1ieo,an:z*ilo,aasrtelrugetc1;nrsapI:pn:iaiscsirur'1lrpSrl1srg,no_j*,nriue*rr}spuidsprjslirr

aliituri de portretnl curteanului asupra cdruia se zdbovise doud seri

i rr treq i,

l'Ied-iciMpi-raivrinfid mult mai ugor, afirma in seara a treia Giuliano de
spre ducesa Eiisabetta, sd descriu imaginea unei
Doarirne care si merite a fi mai curincl regina lumii decit curteana
llesbr lrgiid : modelul il am inaintea ochiior. E vorba insd de donna di
ysalo.zza, signor Magnifico, li rdspunde bllnd ducesa : te rog sd nu iegi
nin iirrritele subiectului. h4agnificul incepe atunci sd descrie chipul
iCeell cri curtenei Cesdr'li:gite; aga culi] c i:rchipuia el,'Vor li iirtre
cuil"ean gi curieanil caiit6ii comune, cum altele vor fi deosebite.
Ciiriear:a rra f-i .:i ea cie neam bun, clr pr"rriiri cinstiie, fdr5 invidie gi
irici ilinrt-rie, fird inchipuire, af ai,ii1ii, gtiin.l sil vorbeascir pl5cut cu
r:iilrie clespre orice;;i in stare sii cigiiqe giafia ni-i nrttrai a surreranei
:e,i: i: ai-;i a tuiu.r'oi-, ln toai-e trebuie si urmeze;i ea o cale de mijloc,
ri.:;ir-ri iie giea: sfi5lg1i1unpaai iSalensicciiepareleactleiblee.rdFiii,nim1u-sruerf"etiairi gi vorb5, irici
ii e mai nece-
ij!'ij'r rrijsterii; sei
r:rci ci-, ornului c1e c'-ri-|e, ,,ciici muit iipsi:gle feneii lipsiie cle fru-rnu-
sr-:'i<: i;. irebriie gi nrai muiiii iuudenfb ciecii bdrbaiultii: sd n-r-i clea
ll,r.iiiiiur.r:-,.ritii:i,i sai fie nu nrlirei fhrd rrii,ii da'; sX nu clca nici ic.c la
l;iriii.i;
r:eici fe.rleia nL1 are i:tiLea mijioace de apirare ca i-'r"irbatul
r;r:]-:r;,Li-r.a ,-ta1r;rn.l:iei, Diici-r o.iluiui rje ciiric ii si,i ltine iolcleauna atitil-
Lr.rts,-i r.:r',.rii, si.riicl i, vitiiit, fe;-iieii i-e rilai pctiirti'r-il itt rioicezzg Ieinntt-
;riJc, c iisqeziiiie clrLlce gi cieiicatil. De areea hiagnificul 11Ll \,rea ca
iii i,:L;J;iiir ci. |:t.iic:zs si se C;:c.i.rri ia e:rerciiiiie;i.iucurlie vioietite;:le
i.:rlte:ilr.r-rii.ri, rli.nuir,.: cie iar'r;itrlitru:,r:hsiiiL:1j5leceli,e-:a1p1:tiie, iccillaSi i:iie,:i-gr,r:e:r;c; Jgjti celelalte i

;:ririr,i : li e:,:r-:ili;;ilr: ci cie:ic'.t:-lttttL
n;luuztrieiili:riiiiecsil'r;oilarirl:';,111r;n: ir;.ceiriilei ifi-,c:eei:ior.iii;i?tsiaiu]:
i :r:.|-. r clr'\,ilirl ; r:1t.i.li rie iisea:,-.1,i
i.rr.L olij-,i i:isiri:rilcnt rir:
ici:ra :; l;,itind toi..ra ori suflind in trimbith ? ln ceea ce prirregte cu'
ca tot tii::pul siiu, r.rea
l).ilt.,!,r() ,.:, CirLlieilo, ca femeia sd fie deopo-

ncllir.,:+rc.l
iri::.i i-:r l;dri--.rLr-Li :
rr; iirr: ccrLversafie saigl r'JeLaubtoilaSs,cdpiirisietrriantculi,:Ebrirltetuinzlieclae,s,piinctutoraa,tes,5oqt,i,edisdcarnestSa

a,:,. r1:c''.

iJortletui L,iagnificu,iui iscd indatE irnpotrivirea misoginilor. Gas-
;c-iatrrecsirtieniifaevleic;linrorirs"reulmiieiridruciiei Giuliano dupd ce atribuie femeilcr
pune sd conducd;i staLele, sd facd toate
legile
li sii ciuci rdzbcaiele, ier biirbalii sX stea la bucbiSrie sau sd toarc6.
Casirale r-rea gi el ca femeia de curte s5 aibd cit mai multe calitdli,
,,ilar a lrroi ssbui inlsea6daeadecurnaoregtipnrfainilrreitubroiirrl:lau{ciruinriiotoradteinLliurampeurgiiei ,aceesitee
care
r irti,iii
ceva ce iitl se poaie suporta gi de abia se poale asculta".
rersa \-eche cit himea se aprinde. Chestiunea inferioritf,fii $i contro-

sau egati-
tHlii fer-r:ii este unul din subiectele favoriLe ale Renaqterii. Literatura,
1,-ro pi contra, e copioas5 ; in chip practic Renagterea rezolvase implicit
irroblenra in sensui egalitdfii sexelor prin educatia egal6 ce se da fete-
lcr ca qi bdielilor'. Magnificul Giuliano -rnenafdinicedcaituvtaortuiml p- n11 ysdg
nici o cleosebire substanliaid (disculia se
ln spiritui
;i cu tei ininologia fiiosofiei scolastice) intre bdrbat Si femeie : arnindoi
sunt capabili cle aceeaqi perfectiune i nu e nimic congenital care sd
facii pe femeie definitiv inferioard b5rbatuiui : ,,femeia e din fire capa-

6t2

8r9

ap pnlz uip rrdrf,urJd 'asndo alir3rA ap azaupdapul ,I"-rp*rsuiisrpa*drts"ulr".rrdf.i
unq un pqlp RS ornqarl ar alrlnlrr.\ alpoi rs alapuilci

aI-Iil'Jao--nxilfpRpuqlT,IpnprlaJJoounnr1opal+jp,uRrn,lpnque.oesoJnrlJpppadlpoJtuElrBB'ro]nur'a!naonrlopJlrlrfdtruqf,SeJrrrn,rtRanrlllripusrsau$orIaJJpnetlnppuluJuuIs.lalararra,nurtalafgSprap,gJudJrqpsdnBdeBJapsos_Ir3opurnzp6ulslcloluunr_asl:lJplJEg1so1-gorna5rlsaBrato1rrJu1tleJsE:IrnBoeanBr"Ilner"ptelpa-,poluJr1\pddn6lrragllsueliro,triroeneslopuodeelJuJrJjsorseq"r1Jnreisauqdandsc'erIa1corspntaoI5irll;'p1al€1,-lprpr1p'urrrJep1inrae1r,uppbr'qopurJr1^1n;apsroJoaq1neairbJsqis1pJlors*cor5lnp;v6oslnnt1rr'a3a"rsrura'-nr6cr,a,prgtpi.iq*rni"n1e.-rpuli--,pr-sn1.sproiini',s1espieureuonBosnlcoe1nl"tr)nrpip-ilgiu3naEileJul13ndule,pi16"Bnrub'lp,ollc1rnir{lgsrspnun]Rua-l,aa3rnrrf.lr1os;:np"lrdBee;{tiorJji;su*aJcu'tlEJn'poftpnr"r,i3rp;r."AprsIannon,;acpo"r;curpo:lS;irlli
-au"-go-eorpp1nierBrflibipaaarJn1sa^aJurulpridirs'tsAruiI93rJirpnqaaoplrrnpsl[Jnnprriu_IornpJlrolro,Jrrdp".l'puuJaIurpJe:u'nRIpupynplllagIaplups^Sro'lr]RrsJpspppornJlJuauplaSllnduarprop0paJuuuulplu[lrplrl3eeu1l"nrJlldprrnp'plosr1louRsndeder6psurrlarso:aoonopreu'JepadJp3BtrJriruor.p.rnraBorEar)f1pnrIurlaupIsplzpp-ArJaJereE"DrauAcIpJlucperaqrl-sr3fraB1ul_,pirrrrrrscEJlIEoppArnpqoaae3rpppAlrrrennn;Jaaonr.arrcr!.qJglsr1Jeuruard1oneo3q;e.rprdrRnuparrnuuOJpcglutzru6enuarare;lryeerpreaeororq1rDrl1gapapulirus-lrm'r^Jg'n,6znrloisur1aSqsuersleler_ei]rp1cpolleurRapeao'4lrrnsorrslsprpeua1ua0dJron.:BlIrB)a:opnIedralial'nIurslrlannspnpuopol'plcjrpJepJIli-trpulnJlrrsrJgr-,apJnaetre.pln.,in$AofrIrnli,r,p,JO1eto6perobl3tul.1e-ni:anppilr:1p4'r-spuqaey,:jrs.aatsu.nrrlirp,.uu,raupprfpe"'nu,rn-nrr1rc"nurgpnoli11curl,pB,'r,pcllineunrse"Jop1OLnr1ar,tqeiop.pasyoqr1inrlreJ"ue,rr^nf.z-ao1rdprre,laor.1srJpoarp?'su,pnpJrBprnp,.rrpurprJlIapJprrnnopeogqnBprIsRuplInaoi,nAiAnnJp'psIIr6la"r*rnnrndlo,'3oa".,ppie"lrp.l'r,'s.rIrral";.a.n-fusaenar,;Re"g,.e1ui:r;lr']lpsl)llr,ll

al-asnurorrr.fJaifoooIdJaPplaru€1-lr-llulursr oduap1llrlouttlulr"op:pJTplurpr!luJlnopsdropraIru,uran:rllssnlnae3uuarau0runlpr"eo':olspr:11risrs'ouond6r1otulprsnsoJroT'rI]rarrlTrEJ]EulqTln,rotElf1etfCeJ{oercpI'itJ,ortrtpr.,07einJ.:ruonloqIf3o.rr)l,rrd,ilrsr,,",s,e,'Id,Oo1iTefuoiorroauIJdJJ rpopusrprlplp"pCroil,rBlrouran{rrf{q,a,l.onr1dup1

T":?i.lJ"t*fjaa-r€pau'-r-Jtfsusuipyna{nBprouol,orI:rulDrrrpoJttxlrrPe{Ja1zirarrqraJpnJEl{rlaodJrarrlpnp0eoqu'lDerun1onszJrs'lrerseReraprnnpe1rlxp3Jroolsndn*e-dpuBI[aardnreoz1Juplpularenear,qr1,oJopl1releioplrlAuep:fJeurEloc1prlelrpqurrrnurdeE;JlJonlrp1[nsp1aVpecenc:rJsuppl!Dlpn.dror:qae1qIlIpr{rSrsga-rpdp,preuSeglio6gre1ioI:r]pnsoi,rp,roaqrr,Ja1rRruf1llnl1up6nus1gtnJrarpc)*n,1oa,azdaTaupaeuleJ1xJJ1qi,qrurlsa"rqdrpargbe;parr.rs.ulqlltr,rtSrIr?es1rpauoipn6HS_,s_3a.auder@rro,raroznanioiu1tsuqllt1spre,rionrol+:1-l1J,rpul?,usi}!1rut1ial.niirpp,11.?ial,r.nas1or.raiTui+l}p.s.:t$,rar,n:JeoildloEl"lsiuo];iu^c"ilnrrpirtaa!)ui3rla"sislpeoae,"-pr1o,n}ipoail',1ipdN?gaJultasrcsprisu,arur.pu"a,roa#leeo1JroiulaarJd'rJrrp:lp5lrrRn1uaiuIra"aqr1npuaa;a.;rl}uIirxrpeJ^rI;aiLanq1,q,p1],,r

in;.1Liisct:li5tsor2iedniz,aeusimfpsl tufiai'luitcietiitieneOvir5;lctraanur"iur,igaia'iiniuziomin,inbcslduujutn-asrtfeuicldom1erueor,lpe,aalliclmcealiaecsicl,ricueceliteinalnefiiiuoSsmabisaiadcipelariiobduaeurpiri,ateadtcateerdi iogc;rneancXuariadfaunirucfdEed
cot-,tiazicere sali CojanS, nrt mai admit nici sfatul, nici i:drerea altora t
crezinci cti a domni e lucru lesne gi cd nu au nevoie de altd arta sau
ifiia;srcciiirpgtloirnetbtcl cetclcr1"ceuitgtfiroecrca{ea,aituiriuainsdceealpJei,nfccdieirrsdnc isuddei:clii,nt,Iisg5ns-o9eriaammnfaeandmlienuaazlpitccuieii,eyradea.anN-spiumilusiicd,
ilcsainrip,rr.eirarlitt]i]r-..iis1l,r"tfle,laarr.uusplaiint"loii!aee'reital"riecrearlacun;Lultflaiisutenjito.,irr,5:eraf-rircciiirrae.'ialn0i,neaig,inrtc-czstiSXielicatcrtgan5erasir,ai:.i,tciEii;rrct1lreetSrtlcilu1ir"iii-agpomniic(girrdrdclisiinrae.noduntotrlrGieiesunifnla.neifaireu;zninseIaze\fpc<i,iian,ais'c8nct;ccreitilteoenJiliiiritnce.rcntPncfleioeaunarruaemplulccneaeDenllue-e;ruimrtarrml'imeeiaecuaacainz,ncreg5ieipaicaumziprraaveeiumnnaceurttrciseraetenire9Sipaeaiiebei?nnrslnnlperisus5uctuoselSiu$,-timmS)elisiosilemnieeendanata-frdfd1i,tepzn6rpoldeetaeeoiianreptrgsldst:lXciueiiiernnurm,pctdvreneutiScaienarnrdncplastuatce[ae;c--,,i
letii"rr'no1Jnou\eaiarjtll.ss(ltot.e,usrtaoedf$lcr.erepi,eat,Oelulecolrnriullltrrieeasiclrrcacnrriclutnieoaalctreanisaioalscoofntairclrtceospr;oiiiribingnoportrnrfiifieriilrirgtuieaseril,nuetrve5oammiazarcoaar5aterosnicaiurttnanleilSpaslece:r,divseapioinvncfoiltieeeuleaocscptldtheseaeteeolerilfaecacfiiiiiauiitcdirnnnlnisoarnteEp'ecp5tatorrt1rfi,leiticonarefisSctvip5gCua9o:sptufioosctilelttcr6enlii-rytmilaioag$st-irtin,pic6lateXarelcpat,aeietecaddiuiulli-uctennorp6uoep5sl$ruaHeactssuicda.ncidthirouttea6aea--
iele morale ale lui Plutarch.
cu aparifia principelui bnn sau rau in discu{ie se pune 5i chestiu-
nea formei cmeaaleidinicraniitaupirealrrnlS,rtnr,uecocplperiinaqtcudi\p,'ceelrluenpdlmcierinrl,tab. guFinnreeag- ousfonoursmiesapinragocunerratnDslutdarnpnpe-denrzitenruu-

Jm,oi-ni-arurhiceea-
;jplqXi{lii-it'boeetor4a;eelsolaciornlatiitlrgntirietand"easCf;ieAva;iacls;rnt.nisrunienistis.crtieeIgeetcis-snlpfliareiaoteiueansnrnfblieoleevulilulaisredcmlastrimlaedsteerdtulelooih,tglbnae.gircainsaunVuerecrleiee-erltereanlxpireareeicrnincuin.llliercenraemlpu'nsDlilstratiaute.e'mrerslierutii.BnaniernleseateAtirmzmn.Xecsdeiesbapiulpolota,alteS,gfcec,coeipastserxatlrFtel.ptidreld.rnrbeeaa.icmnrqrsiicAtsnoptaroidrrslreigreposuipulleil'lpntpmgetteti;trnXr6tee'eer.tsrlnurmaeeanutng'eicIpt";rlDeree,erloincpedn:nl5ulcuilanabiafipreolCthiiFcicrletmoiavrheearereaaie,-:-:i,
sprrneel'fapla(]oamaidemeritpeniruunrnu.ritorestesSdistruq5.
Nfnneuasuirieihrt.prueo$lbruieuiJFimerpeasgegdontsiparoacnanzimtuid.gB$rtdouivtnmeucqaleteqmln/oarienftiuaacn,r,hciciu.6ubpcuioitorseterreapamteulrblicsnpou[rlpiinnusctdqriiupito'errneiuiasni iii$i<ca.iteiccaue1d,rtreailrupal tnmdtruteoili-.-'
cei care fiind bun pi piin de omenie face buni $i onienoi;i ile ceilaifi,
Iatii apdrind, aldturi cle portretele curteanului Si curteuei icleale, al
iiprotrrutrentj.;tDticarc;.urripncriinpceillelcildeealul iaMl lauciirFiarevgeollsic. -ACcaesl'.ciglali<i1;nezunculr'l's''eisae-
i,reilea
nriir;ii

614

9r9

p-r-aSoRalsSruargnunl"rrqlaSronlaIafpsrsloulnJxcruoissrlpaJn'IerrnadJlinginsaloLP'pr1IlsoDlptnsr,nlsn\IleJLsprrenlIanc'sctllnlJod0iDInI1eda]pt1-pltlDorol!p:p!e\rpuePPirt1iestsetopr1toarrt.-Jp9renpceellollotJpr1epuac1ppsl'PoroalupJpiIDrZuliuueIlJ]uolraniptr)arIii2toi*"o1ts3..',rl..r\r1ir'i'.ttrit],l"olrl.rlosrIpln]i'-li)!utltoJLinlof.rrcii,irlltfl
raSpgeulEtrponi:Ie'exaollspapreLIIe.I:1lJorlpiporp3:])iJnpoalo-IJa-sto'3Sin.lor"Ititltltn1sJe-3IpIpn{'qtptircP.,1([euirl:li
pJLioso
psl]oLrt

-n.TJ uJ lallipap lepa; aifarJslp nl'rnlnrirutl Ie JIztJplarI inrtofi.tel tg
aJl]spIoJS olrnnrfrnrlstp e1:r:doop pulspl'ocpuog rn1,,ei{ezrrolcltrtl"

neaiurs as'pzolcL nps rrnsro'oAzanzerlrrloolpslcpl rgrslJtS/oalizroaz:errn-llb-Irprrrl3.;ciiirl-lrrs oleDriqc
olprr):iil
ar-1uluaeou1plusz1ooctluarnufJulneurzSrlurgponl-retlcltdpgroJ:aJa1pelJs,arneJrlpIpplllnlrqrrs3oouJIpoL1lL4froea;rt'oeqleJurou'labxrrrJlorooJas+:oaprlII"CIt{*osLa;r,lrpsupirl-nrpncr6utrsInpperLrziI
rpir{J rro alrqou autpp ro},I}e erSgrg,to} uI 'Jsalugured 'ruaia itrfncl teur
B'-JooautlrrlErlpeI]€'alE1ueIpnlrnlJlroJqllorJoJolooaoJluo'nulplrruSplpJara1pusJae1lIsnontr.6ot :l|ruISin;\las'siesndnrssnouJtltnoaJrqaullSdlaBB8LJIa'aaUpluee'ratznfl,oull1oetlte1tcld'[ur1tturzo1rtn.sr:
parr-unasurldnpnauldurp3see6lrzar'araosurulcuralupepansolJlrr:rea-rea1plez'lplaaeuozsrlnuaJteSNplu,pLa'lo1aalraescnfroluJ1snnar.1l6tupptduassntlrlunu'rp{oosrPIJerneJrAacaggllnlusnsnLedIguIspaeslrtoc'lnrilSoepuRuoJnfdsoDudet3lpadsP-asaJarJfBlnupeIoqlulpaJJJIC-paaqlso'p3rf'PLl,{ertSInplJJupEI1gr,l
op lpl^ulor ososnJ IrnSuos1leu1oelrp1icals'eaostoaluernloulIJunIJPJalEJAaIllitntf3ntaslopluaa1Jeao1nbuu1t3'rnuFr
-lsop 'rS '1rn6o1etp
: rarrrer0ol-rol aIp JJr,ro,\pJ oIJuroI LItp Pun luns ci()Llrnrllns iJLratttouotbnt
alsaJv 'oqurafl Inl insJnJslp op surrd a rnynunrbol.ro3 ?oI 'BLttal
plspoJp a]lo;\zap ps ]pJIpuI IEru IoJ 1n1t$r1Js
Pro j ruDlosv lfi -InI lnsour
6o1eip
-IpJ ul asosndxe I-oJpJ acl rtuoleld InlnJorup Ie uEIJIlaJoal E,Ia InLIpIl
epp-ar-naaraAlealduIpIr;ra1qugr16uunrdr1rItI'rnaoud'JapqupR1upIalrntrseJuuiJoldlrlonr1arIl3Pglunnlluule]popslen,ror\lala-fapJIolpJurprdln1:I'rJorleJe'ntaupIallpIrndnsupanuilosrc+lu\dlnBllsnaudeIaJpnIrpsesnI'dn[lRuloupgSenubi;artqpneinleIndbnIppnqrsuseIlaeDear3aa6]JsJlPInlZIuasarqnotroJe;Jrt]srauPunn]rbBtI)llcnueIallJnqlusuIfapr,rpIepsIlrpaslIJeur-p'PlIsanpa;tIf.rlcs1,|!pI;];na\ILniol';;noIrlponaP.Je'rd'lsorposllolcInrPniedraI]l

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p+a.;1ul)lsnnosalcrllllpuugoorczlglanpnrpJcplesi'rnoIqndseJ-unoraprrpioututrltl1trtluolrdiiutue'ilrr)liuniq.,atrol1pnpoJopa:AxsJalaeEl1otdilgrnlorsdulsLe-iirtrrda-rCgs'rs"1'l'anlucrJtileunrrl.nt\rapdrrlcla:'slper.t:aetrlrnSetaceiuaearpoosJlnuto:alJoLar3I6sn
eltrn.rcnl : apunctsp-t oso6e;g plpJ(lliqn,,d'JaaJl ptitl a11IJoanqrliacPltS:riLt-utcall
rsap 'altqtsod
pauaurese rtn urlul1]ul nu ps i3 uo1e16 Inl ouplTrlrD Inf,u
eru l osollarrd ap olnroJ alripltler nc edlcutrd tin liJap
-rubeur ap asnd elrrftpuoc alpol pululldurl aleural o 1tsg6 oll ausal ipt{I
a pIBIopul prpd" : J?zpailolqo '1nur6os1rn 'orDtr,1 lriazodo 1ntruSo71
efneuadxo'aplal lPnsprpnqI-aarJl
pBua.arzlnBJapl r'aaJuso1u1l6tg1zseer36np;uelrcoascnl p'asle1zn1tlnecohputr1 Je eJ
poaf,

o If,Iu ?ipJ 'opunLu aluDlJrp

iI"sicidticuae;cirurne"i"u"tsiprnn"ufieub*jutine;tludturlnsmi"iitusppdicinmomdeoaprufcltecuoestrgiietinIflritoaieifircraflurduip;iumzritmnuaiucBiurseeccseme€eefeaebfneaocftmrruuu:fdnmadi,oevir,ufdissrdnbuecedbrufun-,uneituofnadcssddeteamtaefa$teecotiaceiaratn"ac;r.eciaefceAlr,edescIpceeavciaaoiccnrbsmotleeteldngmlal-f-duenferczniurzecdulmaaaudeudmDacsecnueuale)mifm'ieabrnciinannenilfzeameduelllretaeudde,,''
ufiracuual-decrrre.ecirriviouatttiir"ic,iritarlinoe:st1tuprr5arlriiieca,naelitdmfeaoealorifmmgrliun,ioabmtTeri,iilulnneecsfdceee9trr,llueiiosdlhapepcrriurdrdpiirlnnaiucerialttapedelcna,ainrc;teiueanscmartdueerarcetpdieepauaacirsna1tmiuctmibliaupnauiiduinlinmnaudalarienviliilsiedrsnsspasatprdpterusierrncuiatuoafuln-ndeaitetoileuvemllui.uppnlB-ei[lau'rsemricRsreuntiaise---

clice.t la indlfiir:i metafizice, Bembo devine tot mai liric :

Iueaacaencalueircrbescelegttaa,ai,tnCdifii1anercieuremtuermt-iniimvucueaSnespdleirefceeliaieuipldntrcSicenibu.mec.ut.ienb,i?TnudAtnivuTenmdottutiteoonai,,$rrtleecfgtoasiii,i.aa,pcqdTrdatruieuorrqiils,nnumfaftfrcnoeeuaicnlalmneetrur,poltleicassimvid,uudieonffbuloveelaelaiatcrenrmaetldfeteeueilverilbmioingtsuorddduna,ltlp,b,ruitelairfodnodtecrtcaircelaa-roerltrnire,e,lsualaiaaamnlIIfseitppfirtl,raleurdniuiptndtenitqciad,eliiovpp$striinuteud'iril-al'ceulileItacouazr,prduidp,uredcricsciiiiennditu,i
itinnrectu,enpceourbti|colluasrldin-tsoefsirtiSrnuitiugntiimocrialiecdonruociaresbdtirnineec.9i.o.ialcnsudduscrtddrdl-dtleuu,czidSretadarpaifntodec-,unlseudiaatdaseucvudprlr]aietrauulgsdafircnuitumnluimlieninneaocaaezssd-t
orb iabirint... Imbath-ne la izvorul nesecat de fericire care pururea lnveselegte
gi niciodatl nu saturd; cur5fd cu razele luminii tale ocilii nogtri de lntunericul
negtiinfei a;a ca sd nu mai pretuiascd frumusefea muritcare 9i str gtie cd lucrurile
mcneoicaivsmetredeemmcaartneeurifaisldus,neatqo$afiecrc5ddlinncetosleatucclreidfi.cneiusup, dvarelriddteeem-dleesitunrunptfl,{ancctudr-rapadeverpviee5truc;daprgeriimcdeouSnlctseeumsleudgfldeottrueicrldee
si se uneasci cu divina lrumusefe $i de noi ingine lnstrS.inati, ca adevdrafi amanli
ne putem strimuta in ceea ce iubim qi, inllfindu-ne de pe pimint, sd lim primifi
s6 hrdnili cu ambrozie $i trectar nemuritor sd murim
masa ingerilor, unde in cele
Ia
din urmi de o moarte invioritoare, cum murirl acei vechi paririli, ale cdror su-
flete, prin arzitoarea forfd a contemplhrii, le-ai rdpit diti le-ai unit cu
iorp qi

Dumnezeu" (Cort, N, 70),

cum igi incheie invocafia, Bembo, care vorbise aplills qi ,,aproape
iepit din sine", ramase nemigcat, crl ochii spre cer, come stupi{la :
Ernilia Pia, care-I ascultase impreund cu totri ceiiaili in cea mai male
atenfie, trdglnclu-i spuse : Bagf, de seam5, messer
binigor cle haind, ii sd nu ffii se despartil sufletui
Pietro, adincindu-te in asenenea gincluri, ce va sdvirqit Amorul cn
cle corp. N-ar fi, Signora, singura l1inllt1e gi nimeni
in aceste inaite intrefineri dincl spre
mine,,. Seara $i noaptea trecuserii lelestrele
Deschizindu-se
nu luase seamfl de fuga olelor.
piscurile inaite ale muntelui Catri, vdzurd cu uimire cd stelele pieri-
serd gi cA zolile trandafirii se ridicau sple r;sbrit; tln vint rece venea
clinspre colinele impddurite li pdsdrile incepeau sd cinte... Asgpra
acestili tablou se incheie dialogui asupra ,,Curteanului".

616

l,I9

'ur1S6q16p1'peru.dneo1urrrene3glJEuB.IIIpqnurfrololilputi3a1lerrn1Stocr)uJtlpoqurcnoluensqlaeu'aoalSqirao'farleuuabeulAlqouolul Be'9ulnztaiJI1iJa6IluraaaspuIoq1da1'uErza3asciruuonel[s:p;l
uI 'RuBIIpll uI 'plolueds u61erP1SanpuBipJllenJalaEsaaUrBdSte'ogAleulJIo-tuelt J.Iru un-rlul
querfana.t alllpa Bnop e
'ounrfratrto3
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'iegZ'd'ou[tg n c DlroiuDr'V'roIuBU-oIznT
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pa'rnllriqJlnnouDutuI'aoesugurlI:pnlsloaollJsEnIsI€tLsoupl uIrZerlralpor-asIus'ptllIldali-lelI?assIIlIlIroJiIIglraueJIaaRl:aa3lrllznfipuRoluJuernf,dPos,urarSllerlSn.to'npu1JetrpQ'aalar11naoJ;ll
eJaa'1odlrracdI lloIusnogoaItnogJsJuIp''bIEoUzyuIaBsdJlquetpsrplnIearIlJnIruBplptAJristc'eBBlpsiZfupa9euauIsorapElppqnpJru^lupdrupi1]11uo1la3plip4l1tp€una1slosfrl3iti-eounr1fdplJ,ruBsdg3eJeu'P1Jlnnopaalfuuard1ndt,cr'reup{eluslr:ndsrPo.unogrsuleleaIlIPSJIrIdurBusr'aEpnuInouoputJu1-Ioufl^inouto1lplppsqEoerruTn3lJl
eepiuIrnlacipi p.IJena1Jsr'laJralJntdruuolqaupn'atl6lruoalripruouJlEIruualnoIItJrapliuarqtl{oanlluad3onhn3{esaasploflusouapiullpsrqoaodsp1lElalD}o}3uq'B1epasul.llBfg1JnP6sa1arBscnlBp
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aa-;n1--girl-'-B'--1iB€{"qarraudlaues1[rcuIieu-1zU.ri"lrr-rai3rrq'auleoru"€ljqqduns'1nro[pSrndJca.'.qerS1sJenlalqoscricos-snejiio.lrlrtp3ui,Slq*zaosu]tujaouas,Ir1ing',BiplqlinreleBilioapeulereSa6routnn-dgIu[sl,{ap-plndoeapuuouehBpluuiauglu1^rclduli-upt;1aun1risaarrl-uoa1oodnIba.:r6odnAkpxrdprJbdipu'Jasbup,lg^a]urrZuIlan:seeolsuovArarrlrS:1.ir'op!ir1gtrory'd.1grflorpuIarD7spl-ri1dcr1s1r9pa:IEnoaa$pn,rgprPr5rTrIT1en;uTjaolrn:6rjoo1laqoul1su.aIlr1alp'Jd}lrunupp1ealrori€norloaaluunsueluglrlI-raBJtdalurnsslptlerrdduolu1aeiol1uareidp'pd1p1rf,raNlidlliars:zotueenordusqa-uPurrotcuaIopn11sna:lJ1ipJrlTsasI7TulruSl1ruladJoupeauole6a'I1auarsrLnna,oquprIao.'uoJIloulrrIluolss'nlrSrTeaBpbllrIl[oJtBTosgrao3.1allrastr1sPon3neri8anlnnnlIu6uuu'trgaa6IJ1raua'o-rerrllaluInlrnu1q6PIuIrpruuonuILaoeuonrrJlJIla*InonplqIsr)Pnsddcou-PuAlJti'nrlrus-fln1ar'rSJlIros]'eo5uclrepPsoPisuratel11opurrr;lunxeIaPcerrrl'rIueeeudIodalEtsluJrprl'auat+usln)dJ-qolie1esupaJutllPae{}fnsdailpn-6rar3gueleoapus5pllp]InenpuaarBstrtalltg'tunranlIr1ualrIap3leqcoJrpurpIpraiuen1rilnnarBdr-ugpp1scslIa1ePrdItprJz:zISttalotaalpal'lldn1a6ropa^ssCarlJ{u1esSro'tlIlJiIrdlseluuuutrniopasl6npEaro'lus1adeounIealaurrlud]trY1"rtdupJbl:fulilflrl

Cctstiglione, vo1. ll, p, 0) relateazd cd doi ambasadori japonezi care
viziiaserd Mantova in 1585 luard cartea lui Castiglione ca un lucru de
pret de dus in tara lor: vroiau sd arate japonezilor ce era civilizafia
italiand.

Succesul continud cle-a lungul Cinquecentului. Dupd Conciliul de
la i-rento, contrareforma i0 se sperie cle prea marea liltertaie cle spirit
r1-,t Cot'tcgiano. Inchizifia ronand nu mai perrnite clecii etli{ii expur-
qate, pe care le preparb contelui Camillo, fiul lui
un obscur d-ocstoprreinditsepoeloragrieea, anllme Ciccarelli.
Bca5lcrlielessaacrees-tui teolog sunt copildregti cind nu sunt cu totul N4odifi-

stupide.
Eclilia originalS, aldina .,'ettetian6, e pusd in cele din urmd la Index
Si nu rdmine in circulafie decit textul acelui Ciccareili. De abia la
1733, editorul Volpi de 1a Paclova revine la textul venelian. Manuscri-
sr.r1 original, apa cum fusese preg6tit cle Castiglione ca redacfiune de-
pentru tip5rire, se afld la biblioteca Laurenlianb din Florenfa
fir-liiirrd 409). Dupd acest manuscris, Vittorio Cian a publicat,
(cocier in 1894,
edifia defipitivd a CorteQianului, model de edifie sarrantd 9i conqti-

incioasS.

*

Succesui unicei cdrli a lui Castiglione 1u este intru nimic sur-
parbinilazdptorer.zePnetalrieng-ddrafrmurantuicsdefaeadilaimlobgiui,lucieecait ce impresioneazd este atit
gi tonul de noblefe susti-
nuti in care decurg convelsaliile, a;a cum se cuvenea intr-o societate
e.ieas6, fdrai nici o umbrd de pedantism, ori de afectare dogmatic5. O
conrrersatie de oarneui liberi care discutd liber asupra rostuiui lor
esenfial. Cartea pl6cu nu numai oamenilor de curte care gdseau ln-
tr-insa imaginea unui curtean desdvirgit $i exaitarea propriei lor rni-
siuni in societate, dar Ei tuturor oamenilor de cuiturd care gdseau in
Cortegiano o summe, eardtiesiimc irreadreatdd,eaci,idsedilofir timpului asupra celor mai
felurite subiecte. Nu ajuns breviarul 9i lectura
osebcliogiaetleoruiermad,t,ooamreu,luai tditecluitmaerd" onmunnitumfoarmi daindeCisnoqcuieectaetnetos,udbacr agliedsine

nEscusc.

'frebuie sd recunoagtem cir acest Corlegiano nu abtiudii in iclei ori-

ginaie. Umanist qi asiduu cititor al clasicilor greci ;i iatini, autorul e

plin cle doctrina ior ; reminiscenfele i1 ndp&desc la tot pasul 9i Aristo-

^,0 C. ,\nlr,tniacle se rr:fcrd iar rcar:fiunea catolicd inauguratd de Biserica .de la
Rona in urrnii pCaopanlcci'lidulcujddoimii inTaretinctoab(s1o5l4u5ti-r15in63)lu, tcnaerae utmiLea restaurarea pritr-
cipiilor curiei
asupra puterii laice. creltind ti de suprematie

tcrii p(RFreirntioerdMmricactrht-inEnLnguuetrhnlseelrl-e(1,,4ua8np3iEl-ar1ut5es4rea6,i)i;q.5riiCrpnerhdiinrag,i?nphirto"inmdoJasot nMdeHinuEtzsuer(or13p(6ca9irp-c1rao4t1e15s4)t9,a0ni-nt1d5G2Re5er)nm,oagin--

nia,
Elrrelia, prin U,/rich Zwirtgli (1484-1531) qi prin Jean Calvin (1509-156,1). Ea urm5-
rca, prin tezek: ei fundamentale, trezirea con$tiinlei na{ionale qi, in parte, sociale a
,,hurger"-iIor si ldrdnimii in scopurl anticatolice gi antifeudale.
Contrarelorna este opozifia Bisericii rornano-catolice faJi de izbinzile Renag-
icrii (Ei Reforrnei). Ea a descl-ris, prln Corrci.liul din Tretlto, o noud perioadd istorici
medievald. ,,Era un Ev lvlediu mcdernizat la suprafafd, cu apal'enle mai corecte 9i
rr:ii pufin grosoiane" (Ftanccsco de Sanclis, op. cit., p. 733).

618

(iIs

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glione ridicX imaginea ideald a principelui bun, pricepXtor, gtiutor,
drept, omenos, adevdrat pdrinte ai noroadelor,
Toatd cartea e pdtrunsd de la un cap la altul de moralism. Deqi
om din \rremea iui, Castiglione vrea sd rdmini in tradifia clasicd a
pcfeaiuulspottrteestietrou9nfdoiiicliorednirli,lpcogcroriranleosctcraioapilaete9ut.dir-Idlnaesmptigdonoiciir,adna,ella5dzl.ivamcAorloilrttineacetdrlreegiivnaiiamdecuocolardmiianirsploemlrveiaeuttddrlsaeegldruieihticiroiedsnneandaiismilvneeifad.,diluICinSaleder-emiavazioddoncumiecacu5lindsueoat
se gdsegte totdeauna in individualismul Renagterii.
S-a spus de atitea ori cd ,,individul" este o descoperire sau o
creafiune a RenaEterii. E adevdrat cd migcarea spiritual5 afirmatd in
acea epocd {dupd ce fusese indelung pregdtitd de secolele precedente}
se caracterizeazd individul
prin conqtiinta ce ia de sine insugi qi cle
propria sa libertate. Punind accentul asupra individului, s-au fdcut
posibile achizifiunile acelei culturi unice, care a decis de viala spiri-
tuald a secolelor urmdtoare. Acest individualism confinea insd o pri-
mejdie ascunsd, care n-a intirziat sd se manifeste chiar in timpui acelei
strdlucite epoci. individul ajuns la propria sa congtiin|d, recunoscin-
du-se ordonatorul propriei sale viefi gi soarte, dacd nu e refinut de
alte frine spirituale, poate ugor cddea in ispita sd se creadd el insugi
centrul lumii, sd se ridice ca pe un piedestal gi sd ajungd la un fetr
de autoidolatrizare. De la individualismul sdndtos, cel in care individul
se simte integrat intr-o ordine spiritual5 superioard la individualismul
absolut, prin esenla lui anarhic, nu e decit un singur pas, care poate
fi repede trecut. $l iucrul s-a intimplat deseori in Renagtere, in care
dezvoltarea inclividului se legase de un concept, cel mai familiar qi
mai caracteristic al epocii, acela de virtit. Aceastd ,,virtute" a Renaqterii
nsaufcinfaifuerenniiineiimnaicacrfdaeergdtaindifsaemcoeurlciucuie:rrpierrtseutoetceuaupnfailroceosnomcfioeilropartlddc.ilnaVasiimrct{eirc,,oerpsiutceruatdveirrxitaau,tlteafoarrel-aa,
curajul, excelenta in orice domeniu, desprinse de orice conlinut etic,
ceva ,,deasupra binelui gi rdului". Asemenea individualism exagerat,
anarhic, poate acluce mari pustiiri. Intr-un studiu precedent (Trei Fi-
guri din Cinquecento: Aretino, Guicciardini, Cellini,) am incercat sE
ardtdm la ce excese poate duce asemenea atitudine spiritual5. Casti-
gteliroenneulamI noorasltirsumaulufoi sttrafedriliitodneala. sNemiceinceuarpteraimnueijdniii,ctiinpirnindcui-pseelefelrumi
se pun ,,deasupra binelui 5ini riorurdluini"ea- ca Principele lui pe
amincloi nu
de pilcl{ : rilmln moral5 gi sociald Macliiaveili
tradifional5.

ir+cHnlaRs

,,IJnul din cei mai buni cavaleri din lume" spusese Carol
Quintul ia moartea lui Castiglione. Avea dreptate impdratul ; dar nu

nrimai un cavaler desdvirgit se stinsese, ci mai ales un om bun, bun

620

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nicioclatii sd rirascd sau sd se rbzbune.
ncr,scsr5ieu-hhrr.egii,.zc,pcrisaeolai,n,il.-rnaouIuntsc.rtnrpiaeloiFufiicisa:rnaeiaepiiSaltsleaisaril,iceci,nsahcllesuizlimizcInisanrbcaledditoertereagedigraircriglninva-eeriifni$aaiccAselnieucs,tlroidrldeieaaly.eintampm.N,g;oNbihaaiFcituteileeiriolddclosoadpeueddrilfiqaaucri9miitpcoleieets,pdv$fpisenei-uuodsigmrstiveceieteuidSrnimci;enfi6atpaioae,,eiliretnsrcifzeeteameit-llri.sn,mevfltainisaicnpgicumduhlciinoiloafnupaanlSieaec,seceaidasen_iieltcneeiregrnetm.CtrriiuoirionaagrgrIetGguriia-*'tl.
llriri, fapta Isabellei gi a lui Baldassare nu e decit un pdcat mdrunt. $i
mantovan nu a consimfit fXrd luptd intirlS
sunt semle cd ambasadorul

la aceerstd tnanoper5.
v]uenclrioipeeeianoctn{iasaaciPtot,i,z,arueeaiNsafsraieiitcictliaeroiicb:itrclldoidiafliqt,ei.cisarfuredicgttuiltuloieimdnarmeneed,oparuesqisdnl,oiesa[rnoaamc.roufeeasonClantdesiuivmc]itzma.'bbisirtlUuad,ecccbiniip,eunialldCrrdttaeaeead,zlfusamizmonticaitaqui.dicgdlnliCtoaonaeerranitiafencsi-ecctteutiddrgeideialrdmimiLocaseoenaitninraecaieeuinalltteizruz1reeoddenfoc9boiIauioi,cnmcsvaaitphitr\ederiimmseannvaptisraluiotilpeaiottrortJilaauitanstutecoeusmiezavp,slzcoireeedaaa-i-r
selia curfilor, s}eIraiojisngiinremcuijlleosc;ullnvgioriljeonraletifaofadmdeeninloerpd9siatriemapcueluloi r; r:lai
mulfi ne-
: bun si
p6tat printre atitea migelii 9i crime.
A fost la razboi, cum cerea ;i-i
Desi"gourri,ginir-eaa refuzat acfiunea'
implinit grele misiuni, luptindu-se
impr-rnea lui de nobil. A
din riisput"ri ca sd apele cauzele ce-i erau incredintate' T'otttEi in
ej trdia mai aies umanistul, omul dornic de caimul sever al studiului,
cie conversafiile docte cu prietenii 1ui scumpi, de societatea dulce a
femeilor alese, N-a avlt insd parte de pacea spre care aspira. La drept

622

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Partea a doua

ISiIBHLLA D'ESTE SI C{JF-TEA
Dfl Lrq, MANTOVI\

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pei:,t;u ecea femeie rard. Precutn, in acel timp, italia da tonul Europei'
mai:chiza trsabella cl5 tonul ltaliei. Toate prirririle erart afintite asupra
Niata{airianettinfoeivceaciLtpinpeEnRtrereunreatao$ttceocrneet"e;em,l,aipnogcrauarsnntia,lorerel.eag,,saTpniipfrdiut,rl-prdluueristRddvreiinrsSaei$tnteaicrlliiia,plirenin' cIsispeteonssrieuali
iui ce1 mai bun Ei fdr[ nici unul din cusu-ruri" i ,,exemplar perfect ai
sirEiucitei fiori ce fu femeia l{enaqterii". $i forrnuieie in acest sens
abundd la toli cifi au stucliat epoca 9i au intilnit in calea lor figura

inarchizei, dragostea de cultur5, Isabeila avusese
Atit inteligenla vie cit 5i lrliiscutd in 1'4V4, era
cic ia cine sd le mosteneascX' prima fiicd a tui

Ercoie cl'Esl,e, rluce de Felrara, ;i a Leonorei de Aragon. Ambeie case
clit:- care sc tri'rgea, ru'ia regala, ajla clucaid, erau printr-o veche tradi-
sanrr'iljiinqi'rioliaterereaiiencIutaitluiarii.rnAerraidgioonnaiilbc.leSltardNbuanpuollimfdactelsrenrdalmIsualtbepleleni-,
fie
tr1
Aifcnso ldag;nanimui, primul rege aragonez 1a Napoli, iEi fdcuse o
curLc clc inr'ilatri 5i literafi : un Lorenzo Valia, un Giannozzo Manetti'

$24

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rcualsetrloonrudlou-i,rlnciuioaIsraeb, egllai .reAlsaefmiileenetnaaltorgimodonneiatleimepruaruii erau in oi;iceiul

numeroase intre
ltcmarlea'muirs1uipitrireiieiieezlneGpccrroelunn. crzBiia,pegerlatistisaeqpmii.uiEnn,,ssoinieetC.rceIusuis;aaabattreitoiltdl,aaetrapimmvreiicniaseeupalecturmaenac9n9iitioSdlca,ersuaecllaa,enrliifltilamailafaiirsndelieeosgusponircnierinietimcdduaeeli
rror|;i inclt 1Smdsei uinit ca o copild de gase ani sd dea rdspunsuli
aqa de potrivite ; degi tni se sptlsese mai inainte despre rara ei. inte-
intins5.""lot
ligen!5, nu m-a$ fi a$teptat sI fie de a$a fel 9i atit de
ugu, Cu trei ani in lrmii, cind dgceSa Leonola Se dusese, cu fetele ei,
sfSiicvuizsietedzeeli1caiiNleacpuolrilipi.eMbdatiritniurzl iuei rteagt5e,lereFgeeldeeFriecrora, nitne, mica Isal:ella

exilul lui in
Franfa, i;i amintea cu cluioqie de strdlucita copili 9i mflrturisea lui
Sannazaro c5 de n-ar fi fost ruclenia $i diferenfa de virst5 pe isabelia
ar fi dorit-o ca solie.
Eclucalia fetelor in timpul Renagterii nu diferea de cea a bdietilor
nc$uiignetoiriaaSe,tieinrceaacreescipnrriiiiftrioraerui;ltcecrlienlavntiiiinlcdiitueprreaa,ptrernimnacieialpialie.9sFicieplacrisanirccedip.ceuLsriemteibnaavmieaiastitneurdmelae9-i
si frumuseiile nobilci lirnbi. Prinul dascdl al isabellei fu Battista Gua-
rScgninleiiaoavas,oiiecifiuitiufiaiilllaJstmaotiiicarnopripep5oalorudetiusG{unie.amcaNlislai4nccniSouiisn,rsitottlasauGtcciuiuvliadtiirlrreiei,sn,tgtoaidtnidaaddarerpdV}ec,eeinidrnrocieninsplaauprf.rdaiemSrzdluleidibcvaaeectnordasinnudacirlliieccleceitpdirsleusueatfitftlma$oVcrai9iereigsii,t'tiuolcifiufauui
ajutorul secretarului sdu Mario Equicola, umanist ferrarez, ajunse
fenreia cea Inai vestitd in ltalia ciIcr el pailale |atino. Dar ctacd putea
pciutitlcifaascieciialcaetlienaigci epilomgareisdeifiicnilic, evieollablite5liimscbriie; curent latineqte, nu
citea franfuzeSte 9i
spaniolegte, clar nu ajunse sd Ie vorbeascE cu aceeaqi inlesnire. Era
o'femeie fdr.1 nici o pretenlie gi nu fdcea nici un caz de invhfdtura ei.
Nu s-a crezut nicioclatir nici mdcar atit cit era 5i s-a ferit pururea s:i
clrept emditS. Avea cEairedaoruni upmoeezaieni t9iai unul din familiarii ei,
treacX feri-arez Tebaldeo,
discipula, o inv6lase
poetui
meglegugr-rl versririlor. Ajunsese astfel sA scrie sonete 9i cintece, dar
nicioCatd n-a permis sd fie divulgate, per non esse.re calefuda, curm
ea : ca s:l n1 fie ldueatdveirnsurrlsi .}aArMnaatnotaor-e,'adceap9oei zinia taolatoterac-urtislee
zicea
fiicea mare consurnafie
italiene, rinde fiecare genlilom ori curtean Stia sd rimeze -- Isabella
era pentm pldcerea ei cltorva
rn s-a crezut poetd ;i dacd versifica Ei a

inlimi foarte puiin numeroqi.
Nu numai teatrul gi poezia erau divertisrnentul obignriit al curtii
de la Ferrara, ca ;i lrai tirziu la Mantova, O educatie bund, in timpul
ILenagterii, presupunea pe lingd studiile clasice, muzica Ei dansul.
Esl-eirsii erau tofi pasionali de muzicd, Duceie Leonello cinta din chi-
tard ; Alfonsc, frateie Isabellei, era, pe lingd alte daltri, bun violo-
nist ; clucesa Leonora cinta din harp{, iar fiicele ei invdlaserd dirrer-
mod[. Isabelia avea
sele instrumellte at1tnci la 5i o voce pl6cutd'
iil"udatd cle tc'ii cei ce o vor ceiebra. Versurile din Virgiliu Peirarca
ce-i pliiceau mai muit Pi
cerea sd i se pund pe muzicd gi cinia ea
le

626

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pufin ir'nportant6, dar aceea;i

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III

'orliaJatrLIor{ Ip ople(l

--oppsilnlgDpIsn-Rl lepupruilnloJlu€ooupurgouprldapeulfnos'o1u3iqotrsfloaJtplpIrrdnliPnIlpE'reolsle'lel6ueiz{ul oaplllsuilllortp1
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plin de recunosl-in{ii. Nici aici onul nLr'e-qte fr';rmos i sc silllle stiiiza'rea
rterejr-rl arii-!i., care resileclS tciir"5i reeiiietea, Acee-sta ne-o dd, desi-
qui', Ll :r l;l::l irr irri'acolia pisiraL il Mll:po Pci'ric t:ji'L l\iatltOr-a. Nit Se
liie cine e at:-'icitil acesiei extracrililere scill;;i*i"i, care nu poate fi
1=gal;i, spiin r:rit,i:ii ile et.i5r, cie i:iri rrra d-11 :;;::;il': itaiieire ct:n*sculc.
;tcc:ittrerii=l'c.iitr;cticei, i.:r,presicnali, E rire ritli;aie;r ir r.rr?cin:ie. [-iI
liea1i-st,-'.l,-t1 cclti :giiji care-11 i: i: ia aii-'ui, cit
i,a"r i1:'ii
cl:ip tuitit
.rircit11e ni.ri tieasr-:i:ra br-r:elor groaser r-ilrrc'ii cbraziiii.ti ie:iii in af.ili,
c l-rorl:ir scil:ii ,<i asp;:5 cifnciibiicoaecrreaX.iicnrirricr:1ireriin: c"ei:ulelsi!niili:lciihieii;;;:rl]r;iii,e:lii;rrlil:1i1j;-,e-1act1lan,*,rtil:el-lli'',r;l'r'-{-i{iI'l]ri:'itrs-ilL-i':i-:-''
lliri Flatctcei C.: cai e ler,

lir-i e o lrt-iciune i;aneltj,

ll ll:- I titrrLr.
cBellLisailiirenr-ii..dAirtLricSsieeiia.gsciic'isl-arrlaeei;casrrll-ctin:anmltjccano'i:ciai'jn1a-tla1u'sri,drireuaqie,b<itiliit1eaia-gciaeisu-ad1t;j-iriat-i:rtllLeactrtgt1il,rt:aers5cl-9iui'iin'irri'if,cf:i'er:iileiit.:uiarac:ie-us1elnlrt,ia:iii:cnirlls:iiriteiilei3lcriplrgeltsDtl5-lccer,e!aic,lulanc:t.:;aX'ilnrlrir;;e'ii,-neiin-iriine.tiienrll"e)arf1Lis--c:Leis'ii-'ii
tMdliiceeieanc,Oe'spptdeaiiicri tqor9lirni aisniml-duall:eiiiriu,iec;piaaisaacatac, csoneonuintiGinianuouanludtz,,asgarirnatiasglcadieilbnterirrauJi'.nnrtaesatprrideirdaeae-picincrcoiamnpLrerilcioectidtoieiennirjuidiponerstcocit-epitinlir'riiilillierlp-cnioltueleii..-i
isnetsreeFldirnaodnuc{ceofsinicccoeu,,bppineeelcicnahgrei;a5raavivunesejnvstlUeanrgitlcerivjaav.iesCifriuileluuntriae-ma, cnilduitaninrietit,iesTnteuaollsdeecnitasu'fliaas-id:s.iirli-i'
e rirai bizar este cii clupi moartea marcirizului, Isabell"a insdqi
Ceea ce se ccupe cle soarta acestor copile naiurale ale usio. fli+ile-
avea sd era rar in ltaiia acelor timprili,:ricl bastarzii, solului

crill nu nici ca
tcleiimagtpiatiitmSpelruinsi [Fcrsaaernecoeucsuncpoem. eclnclelicaeriah. niDruzaenrleeinGPao1on5lz1oa2gTuaibnsu-aratcicngioc5lseiin;tituroielfgedrroeectaatlbmsielernsvteicliilinele--
tllu| marchiz cle Mantova ca sd-i vindece clc nrorbo Ectllico. Br:ala eia
cfOcoeoraznicrittiaaeormerindnausarrpfniifneiudafuuiotdsnjteuionmmraiqaaiicitpelenraaain,vpcrabieploiltniaa,eliacnd5,ppiiuaitasarvtnieiiait,aactiooiaearnicc-iieleiinociaisialei,zsbieibctl5eeaavscuirhoumicaleiarenltsfitXiriiai.rin;eFcqecrrasai ent-r1.-i
papi... un ait medic celebru in acel timp, Battista cla vercelli, oferin-
ciu-si smgciirriaes,o1causrleeoraavsilceniiicleTeibmfSuarctlucinshoeiz-nuulumiii FadriAalnaccaeFsriceoofree-rnin{aiech,ncrp-ilrmirnieetireeelluceeisleGte4iur0ri0ioarndi;oea

Si in
cure
cle Medici gi a1 cardinalului de Ferrara... }n acelea9i arhive Ccnzar1a,
diverse aite scrisori, adresaie Isabeilei de secretarii marr:hizuiLri, aratt"r
boiii, leacnrile ?ntrebuiniate, uluri"triLe 9i speraniele, ciealtfei
1-.rrcgreseie de riindacare, Fapt este cd Francesco nu s-a vinclecat nici-

falacioase,
odatd de boaia lui dezgust6ioare, care avea sd-1 fintuiasc6 ia pat ;i
s5-1 facd sd moarS relativ iindr [Cf. Luzio-Reni Cantribttio ai]e
sloi'in del lln.l frcrncesc ne'costutni c nc,ljo lctlerntura ilaliana otJ rcc.
$X8V--I4-32)i,n Clicrna,lc slorico dellu Letteralura ilaltana, vol. V, 1885, pp,
Tocr.ai in acel timp, Isabella c6r-'"ta sd fie cit mai departe de Man-
tor,-a. Cu toate repetatele doleanfe ale narchizuhii gi chem,lrile sd se

630

I89

eaa-''-BooJssluulIooalJrerssr.enr'onunosJ.uppr\leprIprIeJaal'prEpsfpo,ouol,lrIlipolannrJJuqJl'ae*opI+rdrstlpoeJlrr1uaneIoupfdc,paon6gpl^'peErq61J_pueSoraauip11suiIuaprna0reoluJdIrsanaEesqn-lrrnrepeqlreagpnseptpde'rJgeu1lIr.nds-sraeuriul1.16]rrtoareooies'Jpsrsaeruusuo"lrr+S.fr,f,nuue-r{rrrepuuoer-,l"asdriilelnsrlz,rcleoppsildrunrs"eproi?crqt.i",srrrlourcrn3Irlrp"c1ircup:cr1lra;lpj1nn,sr1e1'$tEr6ro;puJForsJu.-lJrrl-i!il,pnia,1'uln.a1ul6niruoJ1r1l

p''Ause'Siseoflurdalropa',pl(SagapliuqsrlIntou)l rraarornllpsrlpaJntlrrpur:dozplzpvso''Bal.l.zil.iur?BzolJoBE0louJAzBdBhl-rlsopp'geIplIrropelunpieq:)t:rrEp1slpooolrepopJsTrrpBo?zorrrplrulp:srirppinrlsrlrdozoJr-.j-lruppslr*:truD'ls:slrpp:,rOll atlpreuup-arEsuu:rrrjo(_jd.1inlsnnp.sSur
EuBB1'PBlIl'r-nnpB'a'c1lIBroe$'rrJSo1olr1ioppoluB6oisaunocuBz,ucreE]rpru'1€aiarrJlrugpJaergJOOsa'Bus'JBrJrrl3oapop-Aor1le^JarIlngpu'JqfJnBn'lilBp;unsiprs.eponurl1qtreeucnuolrlEpu1iIdip"ugidonpri.ur3seJ'ltprort.opurrE0pJ{a3ulAp-ulrrllBpocurauppl3uarIar.isn,iu?ufSrausSaaocnpn3n1ll3sarndpple,ud0uppiraIu3oorror'Uipas1uruI'nnlrlrapirlerJrqrBpqipq3p1n1p-:lJapuouJc1npclnuls-'npllsrrepqrdp1slluil1ureppellqpgtroBdlJpulsprp1,g;6p]l1sanlo'nledlueJjl3€u1slpPJrp^olpsl3'oJalpfup,lorppe.a,l:oupurpurnlou1ladrprn-JlsrBsusolorpcpelnilpIBgulrnnulAllsner-fraualdrrse,lnur:nlJesiorlnpesl'InpnuoosAorpprJrdrdqeuppludooeisIur'oeeulIg-elnparnnloJrser]prrartlpplrrJupnrrIi_ulIurneerepslcprpupl'acerlupp6Alnr1glnl3lJrtnJuluurnneur6uoor'lDS;^;nn1'cJnuur1Boeprpp_lrsrrsl-ooJppgrurrr,n'apoErAe6.rSasyrl,.uJl;rp_pulugdp.rslB'pa,rgs1Bse,iSsrpp'pl'ar'Or}rlnu1ou^llpippipn.upprarenr1otrepaelJ.auun}1unrplrlo:opoplJdllellsfJuunrls'qle_d,s.oIn;rlrrorurrpppuJpunonppruu,gerndidrore,prdrNpr.nrp.cJrlsrnisuuIsouJs,lSpsslrlpuEos.3n.ln.applpiral..lgrr1lsoussrppsr.qpelpapooollloarusjn)rJdrlap*uslplnspxrnnospluJ1nri,ptnrs]/afpprpJpJ1'rtIesoJAJepepIJaunj:soJ_rBBrirrjr'pJ,nunEprrrsEliIl!unpua,]rJ,u1lsfAnalan1doJt,:eq.jJlo-.ritsisiJlrorr,rnLppnu:olrrnrui]o$:rl:n:sliaiupElo.ro;tppuuj)Jqur,rrtsorpqou6-rrlpoltprsoaruoiauasosuauEuuapu^aJui€.pci;.p','Irdrar1)r.!',.Zu:-;nnl"iliu,errir_?trpnri.:ir.p.1E{.lunrI.sdrA:.l:rI:,l{jurrii,to\Trni1EB-r1.arnTour.eopclll^SpJorouoslocuirslll(]l

EIR''q'Je--1lal-.yee{roarg'r3LTld$,{1l"ununrIJlaq31rJaoipuo3caler.oapsu:rscrsilupTJnj.JuoalociuJli3eolEi]puadiJa"ipioir1gssliiiur'li,npl,,o'€urps,ssupqpjLrl1uodgarosrRrlrLprrpJrenoie3'priLcrorerrc"oplrru.laposlj1-ennrrIner,pJ-pJnolosorreriequr*acs-olcl1i'nrniiGrcalrsadirt;o"ioini-\eereeJl.r;ptioEu.zcdlpriurlpiprnnJociioI,l.ee+liuilrolUpol:pae':lrlorn4rusqpzrno;-rpaepJ,gcrirrrpolFHi1lprpl"Jeliurrpirl{SnSu1,Jpr3aJoir'ai.}cri:riJirq"1.laldL:ip0;ips.d,ar,osni'rETljrn1-s'resuai[p-sfoIJprje1oofp"e1esgra;.Jfsirena€,no.nssipr]uru1$e;priiJlrlcunnJpq',i3rng[e,n.Eioupz./Bisl1-uioire,eiz1eniloaEoEiiiauirc>suli;Jp1.qi;*S-fiti1:pecjJotsoerGpa0a".1sTJ,s{"liiTc"*;nTE-usaurru"ori3or'eoeJae3Jc:pi.srA.c1l1l:r,Jiolpgin:ii.cnIeoLqo$ri:i1ir-l'.n1rsltaii,-lalz'ieuo:icrs0'.oci:,eio]utel;crgulrr.6eT:zse,gf+dinnrroirlrit;1:.a"roroJrr.]rjtTiErLr1:syn1.rr^asd.niLia;ciilrr:sdii-i5]r.zr.r.a,I,pae:,tulrrar;'luoo{ii"ri.."r}ci1:a.il;j;tto;;r.ri";,_:;r13f.trir,piJ,ro1Trr,;rri.,r'u,;o's,i!i3".i,?!:,ir{1:i,:"i,iari1ii_,nr'r,rlis;i11L.ia.Lrri:ri.j,.,,.r,oei.i,;-:r1iiD_r1.aLrrr:j.:ipu;3r,,ayirpfirii,y:)ir*-_rriiarr."l,ai_rl?r,rro'felii:r,o?r.iilrir,li,:,p-.ripiie:-lnirj.i:i.;uu."llr,Lic,i*..rot,i.fii::i]Eriril,"f'iccLo;.rrrr;rifot,;ccpirrl?gr."Juoir.oprLiil.iri

i;ccrntldlie;fcri;ntiolil;nigr;tcietclret,euiceilndtmliitrirnmee;erpailirterneicnhtrdarriezo-tieariinesil,iaie-aao-btarienfiocldglisetr5tuidsdl;eiuteiri,nu,csoagdelluttmndmdfiinauaptreieFfmie(fifdianouergserteis"c'gdaon-i,uiomti)onadrmruciinlnhcuieztnaouasal ctt5rede,civcmudanpdpor*aaevbsiiuiatl;e-,i

IV
Curtea literari a Isabellei

ail;cdFlautct.c"1tIi*;slc1putolslLieiii";;ua,arl;"s"a"neiiiari-icirul;ie"egnibliumltiNrt"plNeiaaonvra"ued;fooltdii;iloiialot-sti^triolcCiatj,oaiea.ivrlmuup""'itSaioaie.tlii;di.t"r,ctmnitec"t"lt""euplit"luo611lrnal5iisip"lo,lrprtteiee1t,ado.aiit"eEeznemrr-.riud"u,uizaimsr"lgaruiio,aaiantl1r,ti,')eatebomEr.irr9iaag"i,ic,rieitvri.tM,i-e*utr.hr'oaa,cduoiimriiu,sd,li"ana-"ierzeeeot:dfarr*cbprubtunem.rrzetiulrurbaseheemriiuiiepiaucdurios1iincpg'ceaaaa"atpeblleea;duetuuurruBu"ridotgtci9-zmciiasiurilladusrshicieurtdiplepidtS,sntuiiaiugrznag.umcetrdpemdirluneeieirnM.titeaaea.lit,aidint'asfcel,luuuracmielitngaucauoui,,ieri-nleactimuvp,,clunnscotfesuihlefiloStdincvodeeiinaeiieiinemaaaztsacndesinceranclsmtiuiaieaitlinopoepnriletgemoiuc-lnrovecisMevriievcoladecavaeeefpizn'Badieyeaelierncneaeod9neerap_ctiiievlcsnmuiotnesocpoeladalc(p9sercatpresavefalilt9l,ciileiretdafiialm9rmieudnaic4caliieiaticandiBaotoiir,Mang9nagscegtnldriidtse-niiiirsaecvu.dneedetcll.tonheeinnlaaisaaelecvltirecu]cteprzdobm,seaileutdlllre;eavioiee,MI;el9ltletsileafPdttrreiutdranaeaGfaipirioilciiidr9necbienenrior6aesoMniiie9ctmtn,olpisiNlocaliinpio,zl,aau,ntoaau4eorrvrandrceeaealstcpagceurlsaczmaac6deieien,nluceleatanrAosetieotermnmrtlmrtoarielnaeniEneela{,uaeaudtiaeii--,'-
cpa:ic1;i;na.irMi,lltl;ijaeifili-i-o;-;e;tnip"rdaiNue-;garigaii;.u;;"prilrrl."iE;"ia,Tnia5cliupi"-Li;atpthrrtti";itlut,eoi"niaiiii'irs.zGtzis"fi.s;Jf-"f"ftciiu"e,p_i,rbiio"iBosn"ucluRMgauuSnpia"arntci"enizeiiuluiuUtaneSnouatiFltldreaincuCslrtieigiaeuePotxlrftaritiriip,acpclzeb,PlaIrlnolLoEcsirriieptoofrerurmJ5ulrjaqoroimltrlf"irciiio-iicuiiaicilitiire9"e,arieaoiiaciiioccciGeiirn1stadUeiuoilhpigpclifa,en,i.ilaierlreoraimmzmno.ei.rLacvfelsaacPiaIcaaGe"iiedfaiuarol.t.ceericziati.oernmeserohtecSREnn'n,pqIdiaFp*so1cuzzfti;eioo"cicaoaaeae6mndrqourlubeeagrizrtiert.atetarulmerieeiiaifeFdtnbAiieeraimrul9iasiueteadaiineiliisio,nuecs,iutlPiema-foairlioddeaondstmeeierrtaltcccumiardqdi:umatrorladlerretiieaetrceunigonfaeliidro'llscarrsrle]egiS{apsuitnnF';eudoarfmtelfvs-C1rusuienter-cvuaaaeup5alpaiilSilstncslrdicz".elrceve.tlooddd,iSdod1briils,,nreliodm-4eoitFctis1coCiecunealch_hemnnuruacinnaeiilidi-dlialplvtt,reulep'eruo,etvmleiuAaelmiliorevireu$lrnciueSgcaelbcnivt,idad'pfuioii'iooaeoendEi;sliip'nl9,iaraiue,ccrqfsslbuiEroP-emieeeauutnMlai-flteitdqeiiritglersictsiielt'usiole;la^tcodapdiemircoincuristrnieueilobaaricicaaecnnocnrliliatsirlaiaeted-7n,-i-l-ce-'i

632

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rlraLLrrLr e-rpJ op Erolp lrrll ',rolrrlro^ sorun-rJ 'lerunlD 'i"rri"jfr"1?tilq;-il":l

atiittice ;i itl.erare 1:loc:-ir incllr-i tot felul de ,,altichit:rll" ;i c1:ere cle
a:tii ori comunicinclu-i noutdilile literare interesanie, A;a
cie 1a Ro:na
:i tr;nrii-ea tcate pcisquin:iieLe care puieau s,5. o inveseleascX. El este
cel ce a adris la Mantorra i:e Ciulio llomano, pictorul elev aL iui Ra-
lael, lare alreq sl lucreze iisa de rirult la paiatele gi -;i1e1e lui Feclericc.
Cci'.-slrcnd.eiiia ciin'ire marchizb gi Castiglione e LnrirercasS in arhi.,reie
Clc;:':i:cra Ei plini cle iriteres, La Rcnio,, ca gi rr,ai iirziu in Spania, Cas-
iicllirre se glnde;i-e c,-r, rJr-riogie 1a l:eJlcr ioggtri clin costeiui marclrizei
i:-.rir .)Ci.:'.'Citsr ; tilet { oli .r':i ir;-iCiie,
PiinciiiiXli pe luiitleo Lrancr,ello
irui:iiiloi: i.:archizei. Cl'-idalii ligulir prinrre 1:iirtaqii crazionaii ai ln-

acest cSlugirr dcrninicail cal'e se
';ir::rl;a t;l'in ltalia ciin ci-irie in curie, scrijncl gi por-estind isiorii, unclt
il1larrra.rri;-liriicrlreri.,u,jaai. iiiinaEiAetog'hreanlo,zculuinil,.dtii\:r4.acarl.iirietlaiini,zsdiui-r,;:iieirs1cii-rulgateian1sd5ceS5;0-:i,b;aXlavlerleianresiaidell,eajausfcnliigininddcilerp-nsiesecreoLulat
pcnircicyeccilioeler.adll'tirniii:,,rjuiilnerucclieienrci.puNcl vumeaploricialhcteizhea-irri:Dsuuuntneetaleloficsaaulsnizttbaczteihpiacoraveifnisicnthitdeinaisnpteiur-sIoes,asbdoeeclileee-1i
iate ca aceea. Ecpirdnerdveiepstl.cicpIdin:i:na.oavraceph1diirzieearau,n1ri.sraaeiberaeigldareijfX5fa,c!ec6ian, coml raii:orsevdecsaatrezaaigeei ccpdhrieasaer
indrdzirealc"r, si
schimba vorlla
iraz de acesi istel povestitor. Prin 1.518, Bandello avu oarecare difi-
cultiifi cu superiorul dominicanilor: era acuzat, gi poate nn fdrd oare-
i:are ternei, cH ducea o riiaid prea pulin monahal5, dacd nu destrdbd-
latd, Runa na;:chizir s-a grdbit atunci sd-i dea un certificat de bune
Pr-rrtdri. ln sr:risoarea ce a trimis atunci vicaruiui dominicanilor vorbegte
cle ,,r-iriLrfile ;i exceienteie calitdti ce pur:ruea a recunoscut venera-
bilului frate N{atteo Banclello, de rria}a religioasd qi modestd ce a
iot limpul cit a s'rat in iv{irn5stirea San Domenico din Mantova,,, dlrs

Cel rnai mare poet al tirirpului, Lcdovico Ariosto, 15 .,,enea clin cincl

in cind la L4aniova. Era feriarez pi de aceeagi rrirstd cu marchiza, pe
care o clliloscuse copilii in patria 1or, N{csser Loclovico era in servi-
ciul fratelr:i Isabeliei, cardinalul Ippolito d'Este. Isabella ii urrnErea
cu interes opera poeticS, cind orlondo tni'ioso fu imprimat in 1516,
(c-oiinrrzlaoglriei rliarsiaergdi liberx trecerea prin teriioriile lor a hirtiei necesare.
la lurilin.i, Alicsio veni ia Nlantorra s6 oiere exerd-
};lare rrrarchizului gi m:Lrchizei. Pe isabella astfei o celebreazii (Furioso,
XI{I, 59):

.., ciueJla

d'opere jllttstti e di bei stttdi amica,
ch'io non so ben se piit |eggiadra e bella

rni debl;a rlire, o pitt scggict e pudica,

lib er ale e mag ncLnir.;ra I sab ella...

li l.r:rioviro Ario,sto (147ti -ld]u.e5is3iOvii\r1lo5--inthc/oinaJcuionrraioogsnionaatgfpiieoai euitttaollraiednee:\,,s{iaaatnrirtelpvra$inidcscoemmcenbcitlfriiit-.:
(iriral i)ttinttlJ -,,opeesratecaeuatomruali
sa este
Opeia
caIia adincd a ironiei ei, o coloani lumir:oasi in istoria spiritului omenesc', (Fron-
ccsco dc Saitciis, op. cit., p. 503).

634

ge9

p[p-rf'uliLurlau:iE)iilsn'psB:oeel]};lrsreirun"rrra!fr,o-iEclirliIi:aiorlTii1lirs'zl.lnil]egrlsrtJ]riLrrir-uurr, iEEiulu-,dl,atooi;1ulrrieolrn'Jdirscl oaap-diritoua'JEnlli1ir,-asI\sri,qfE,poq]oflogi"rrr\iEa",uppilt.g3rozrI[:i.iiljeei.1orlc]nIIl rp,cD,p..ricE.Tiuinirr."rrq.l,J..r]rtuiil
-IP--p-euo'I-'--aprrgn-or-lioi-ppio-Tott{lrridr{irnaiJorootodnr"saqrporrJdo+ssusru:loi?'pn-ipoe,'r34rra,3rlrrJiJpai"lraE-iuori0rlruropaip"uunauJ'r{nal'rs1poi,nj;pon:riu11l;r-;el.iudo!ip,Ei;i6\ElL1iolJnjnlptLJors'rr:;rii\loi-rcualrrrIolEnau1.inuarJa'iJsjrecperrq1Epsp,ilipoinSr:iloipci,rlo'|.iio{llael.i,"IelEe+fler!:rd1ru'p_po-"oo't\or'si-rtoier1jdtc\:ldiipoordor.lnezi-arr1rrsrrJruiuOrrLpor}ineSSl;,rp:nrIeIp1rlpulnruudlJtanArroiur}lrriIeJnpcr1iuzuEJau:?rJisE]-IrlaiJrroifJlsAigi,lrl-rlqL,:n;lo3ec\)Jnaauui'erJe0aJ?ujSr1ipuarSl}tnlnnAruilsnrri'olr1tTilLlrJiio3ee-'€slccIi-r'iiilrspn;rllrdGdTluqer.roslucJirraiuoiecc.llteprr,qnrrLlsa+inrrero{piprirerudlscir;orriSisErpJ+,;l,n:r'ola.e)+ra.ueJon}ntrisr^ror:-zp:rps1lall'iJp,sidssioeusir:orilrsnip.lrnsliorI:'!p,ir;nroJsoJrJ,n,;jrlLr.pr,p._oiio{1y-irri\ruzi;Jiip-,i;,qal:rl_nio1juqpr::'',E.,-ijr;,i'ilr,ir-r;eOqou-u-;irrrri;1cro,Tirii1l"i-";s)re=i];rrsiriL_rnreor,.el'ii;rrop1inriiprlo:;-pgi,:,z:ior,.)riir;irofrlnna!iio':,-uialij.r;arl-ro:ioiu*,rrU1rr,;:iriicpl_lo':ocrE:ioi.1'rjzral::;1zii,;=.lui,s.reoillr;iirci,u;nriiirr:f,rlar.":ii;.;p:rr1'-,il"i;.on.r,nn,ri.,,c-Ljr?1ic,isi.ir,irliiiji,il

'OiSoI.i\ii iiegi r,j r]ltrIf, p.rE-i.iit..1 e1 r! Etr ar.rolLrpr,\i

Bof1rCNcvirMnallodilni,iiniobconlnctdaoa;clcaauctn;rmlciltruevetlei-onLcda-rrnnivioliieimiaian:itsosmio.ieriienc,adrrL,apuIsdn;fXnariirpdunei1onucrism-cdscnulfitlupFmliorcuterseoerlagtecccideclcuriiaihautrttlceeereoiztceSmir,andlliirciicntbjnanminaompcsea:;,uedealea,I,ipgrc5,iiemcdliellitIieprhsa4urndaerlti,,teczdreealrcertiauisilnnisalrr9uniamdmgmfzsitiareiaaocemaadFthbultlUceiprrccliiializcuhrehnobfabeliicezzcrinuinvritieeuiciiiaunoicsireziri,liictvsltidertoicssiIremiil",msdi1-.iiqfiiilibntl;lfseiantaitbe-eecivrini.csrReeaupepciicriltorfrauarlcoieaimumschlaiarlionlrlilarizrlz-arature,qaieirirccialielppec.$iccrIbalaoa-qioiubieracnucrcmipsuterfleeeeroieltnroaalirilrttataitili.srmlacrcliilmitcaiChllfrcpleeasiiiaai*aiszcree,'rirlioeeiaae.'g--l"
cinstire gi respect pe prea iiustra 9i virtuoasa Doamnd lnama \roastrA'
igutiineccl einreascpeeacsttagipriledvderecrl]e.1IdapRoeagiet[leDporaemancerieSnlainm:eEi xscaelele."nfian Voastrd

a doua
sa cdisiolie la Roma, Isabella nu mai gdseqte pe btlnul caldinal, mort
in 1520.
ngsarifcnaieoiolltesvafilRilotocanuOee$iieisnsgluiuemaetidic,igaonealtdGaerrdoeeiurrpbisielcnilabi,psoluifoeeercrnnanrltac'oetrczaofovmlaiSeuttatb.ndonlaseafCeafabprorzaeirlCsleilzn,.otsqeorteurtrsadr1urrncleaeupdrgoesecarcgvtilnetmtmleiiuoanniecal.nr,iedlrNmeEcNaasIharliiitlracilecauzamculdnlmoceodVvled,ib.reeeeappicdriloiupoonhaesornctietieconi,rasctomeseeiairudslruaabise.GnsfAgiiCaitVaicgol]iemaei:irnoersbdot,dlaeloaenitlrnaIfiiiasapc,att,aercapred6btterceGe,eeGolallocbcliuonmaultanpiirbzi9aurtNeeaaevrilgiareecsaaana-io-1r'-'
notdm cd ambele gentilclonne aveati in comtln nu nritnai ciragostea rie
ptueiono,i..ne.1,$izoi5ti3eitiiAn0td,cSllaileatrc"gpBi;rti;oici,dltcoozeegrisanpcarcliiii,clneecCopeplrodiecalirot;ceuualgorlldequei.doieS,.arfca1mioa5iaIrcLseseaadba,sveieVuellceaiauorlorsiinoidnnniecaaasajrruceteniaic'glildciinuofismnaeoCiummunanoircgasoail:laapeQdooruupeaniemnrAiteleutllireeln-,''
jurul lor 'rot ce Italia avea atrinci mai strdlucit in literaturii.
N{arele poet napolitan Sannazaro participd qi el la cultttl unir:er-
sal pentru marchiza cle la Mantova. Arnic a1 regelui Federico, unchilli
Isabeliei, Sannazaro i1 insolise in exilul lui in Franta (exil suportabii
cSci regeie ii ddruise ducatul de Anjou). De acoio ca qi cle la Napoii,
intoarce clupd moartea lui Federico, Sanuazaro ii trimitea
unde Se poeme. Amicului sdu Equicola ii scrie despre marchizd : .lct
sonete gi
ilJuslrissirra Signora nostro, unica f.enice cli questo secolo'

maesii5triAi arilioanrr'toelAorlleligelnria(q1t4e9ri1i -it1a5li3e4n)e-, zis II Correclgio este. unul dintre rnarir
reprczentatrt al ,tco/ii cle la Parma. A ]ilcrat
picturd decorativi (cupola Cateriralei din Pagnct) qi de qevalct, cu subiecte reli-
gioase gi miiolcgice, pe care le-a rcdus, prin proccdcc originale, ia o situa{ic iiricit.
ieSdLnxeeleionnFnit-tfeuiadpcrj1ciofulSooa,cnrjdbaoti(oculSsullVijioelpxtcmrr,ictetciin.nlucioEmucnslbaatIrerlSlseucat5osot,niactidtiaei-uerbdmLlleouoniugmltcrc,ilirlrnoldindiriean, sSdusaJeicpnreznrtsvilmctsoiuplitEgiucneinoodrlcanetlatrcuidnrrtp.eua-rrlivncl;euiludrc:rielrnraur>reoirS.,blrlsIsotiacrrr;ubulr5rlrruoil.luupIIliiiiuleiMnnretoai:s{<nitia,eniloniintt:':.t-.tr:''rd.r';iii]ec-i
clintrc prccursorii barocului ln RcnaSterea italianA.

616

,e9

--orsJlnrpnJluIpIIloAlXup]ttullnsloaJcalpsolIn3lnpdIanfp,tu{ioe] 0l ai-1e1lou1AB'IIS,\eXp tr aianupurE ollpJ Ini'

rnlnloles lnlndoruJ e1

ad 'asnpulrr 'sra.tag1 op saIJeqJ '11 ozualuil 'efiezuo3 inllllullln Tnros
-oJJns : plslt+ plrpoi o lnAE e 'q1re ap e.lacl.o ap .Iol er{;a1o: tS er '.to116'

-pzuoD pJatro1iqlg 'o3l-iapa{ alaJnp 'Io inlnlJ ilJaloli(llq Inlp}uo^ril uI
painR-rIrgJarJalnq;sa'nlEeaIlbnIsisnfrJnlr13erpa\opIrap]Ipdualapo+l1lopl1an3u1s-ra1aea1tc;lPraoIIadJnllaPnleurlpfJerpIgol'ozurfl,aleepulaett!llsnraanpp]ul6gsl'-Jat^ol*alpeli'lze7ulnen6n'grJ'ueIulzinPnrufA.Euuor-daJI3IaepulStulal'qJno'laoPeadlJtslnrrlaquuill.t.r'nrlIIproapPluolcl'LoultoI1ioit:e,AtOt]o:dLBr1IeIBll'ladsn)t:sPrluJlfIpct--Ii'IJt€loO?1aIuss3{IIE1pIoI-pf}u-,eo!SrrsaueoIa;luaApcprll:'
-a-srolru; lrJ$l1lJpozlaqlpsurplqucu'alsaeolaultnr:l6Su1r1freri6r 'Rlelollqlq plsp;\ oa-tneuo1nrd1rtculal rpatpr'\d"sPrl|

op aJpolBlup t*

Isllaqesl Bloloqqlg

A

,,'aIDl[]DlJI n[ndo} azuas Dns arnliaues uy atttoltor!
'op\al\aqtatalualaalsauaLlslplq}IDrcD]tnlqaluauI9]sauorislp'atto|T}.

i+rfii-ep-oa--jhpryrt"Inrrrnc-ngnorp"nuc5ltalI"gn;tiILfli.ryrIiJa'srRirilOllnpruirb'stnslrrdeybpls"lu$"s'crlprio"roni'1lbiao-lnopoearl,iaudoouAIrpiSIJ1rre]sil'apIat.$DaPNptruc)oaseaaIlrS,unor,I,,p'roUtreonopJu.nfIpuZnrlSstaourciblggIorlqolri-lrAanspaigouarneppusupclnqurpr_aiellcTlrnter'luWt4'l6nrrstr'gIi:arnoocIeln.nI{'lplbarliiuer0'llpl'si1raueuna;otuerllisaatlr1sntrteoss6.vr4pTli'r6l1ctxnPatIinl:'runIoJzoal1ena1siLplJtlifaft-ftrgiIorIrIaiuuenJnloJqe1rl3toyAur'e*ol1oupJapa1PoycntIulp'-tlJIJioietiuI3lYlt1nln'q.lslpc-lpntepnbrlol-AnprruAniIsral$*Yuounonlitoetlp-t1lnprrloeploqLt:lnhil'd;sIIllafslepSnneplupso'ao"tgl"pelo{[lpBiIlpEJ0(ltPyolPpasnuuJuIqtualoIJpptnprnB'zllspne?IfyapJ,tloebo'tt?aIai+rlp1purorJllepelspllJf;1p'airppgauP\1ooonIlJ^1rfn1paSate\Patcerapt1nllrullPlifrl;]clze*DopJrrnpPllaSpnqJso-PLoAtPLaot{lI:slr1peoIqpeliiealaiulJPtn]ctllrrll?llte;polnclilnl!oit'.o1laiaIIIttllaEl:c1vl.fii''\r!:l,li;!'
iDrnv DilJLt

-p+a'pgna6JrpeanSlpnsOuzlieoceSurtuqaqsurElrrrlyaluriapndlll-l.ps*erauraolr-ll1r]olsau]IJelorSlII,oal,uruiiaJnqlblJiurlrplSlSsaa.ssIelpoilruIuuiln]naeIlEIeuluoE,onugipd,Iiu1qrraugltriesSrejIol-l'.n,ri'1r"oarpa1nsfrl+alu;lpl1uEaoal1uolqndon:n}3Epc6u5ntlsp1Iu1iiI'p*laal}IIlfr/dentpIpifatulIlflnfallir,ornarrnuosuslIatplurp'arfi-dlS,lraSrIJurPp-aearnIilp'-lcrpparloBliLnlPe1llolIpuo]1I.pleI]plt1p€oaryoeonlts1iurIn}Jcoll1LPunI[JurIcTasTerlJip1aoeP]rErI?ilJ-1lrqIspJ\r-o,tuppro,r.alPi-ot}1rs1plu,e1\aPli1J]ro1q:1al'pi'.crc{n-i.1!lllu1n*ciDl.i".i!r1'l
-g;-r-grrerlple1Ju,ero-,rDrqS:perrsyupnlno'rr1pldcrrpz;xlt'JldloLtosolioJftr,1rlslp6s1P61l1lrrosla.l7lr'l1pgptpasuu'r1cotrlnurJsInieennnuuscnllrlll1etu3narI':r1rlrl]raearpTcioI.pluIrdlolnuall1lusutlngI"rld{lJosilasSelanloupuurl-ziIi'otnAlnaJlTIPltJn1'JAo;ri'iIlilpIi-slZEIaan,eliaJ\tloaoepS'tqlr(llIrllpL!.Peo{slplillulrTPeiaap}lPlpliuedJsIprloo\c9Itiq}li-Br?:r-opIJ.-IIpJaIpll-lllil3slllloEill3:oLoll:iIo1rtiq[zllt-i

pii gi ce rrlai rirmdsese : rnulte clin cdriile cele mai importante lrecuri
de N4arciana d.in Venefia, ia Ilodleiana clin Oxforcl ca in ciii,eise
cclectii pari,ic-Ltiare. ""i

Operele clasice latine ficeau fondul bibiiotecii Isabell.ei, irnpieund
cu oarecar'e autori greci, in traduceri latine sau italiene. Nu lipseau
rici romanele ca'.,a1eregti, in special cele din ciciurile freaindcienze'\.'-ell*;er iiaai,r

dupd cdsltorie, tindra rnarchizd scria corespondentului
Giorgio Brcgnolo : ,,Am dori sd trimiteli pe cineva prin ioate pri.:6.-
liile cu cdrNi cle t'inzare din Venetia, ca sd insemneze toate clle sunt
acolo in limba vrilqarii, atit in rimd cit qi in prozd, conlininci bdt5lii,
istorii gi romane (Iabule), fie de moderni ori de autici qi mai aies
despre paladinii clin Franfa, pi orice ali s-ar gdsi, pi sd mi le trimitefi
cit mai repede puteli." l3rognolo ii trimite un lung caialogy Ei isai:ella
aiege diverse cdrfi italienegti de istorie gi romane. Avea o deosebiif,
predilecfie pentru romaneie cu paladini de Franzn; Ie ctlnostea a$a
de bine incit putu, in 1491, pe cind se afia ia X4ilano, la sora sa Bea-
trice, sofia N{orlrh-ii, sd susiind cu Galeazzo Visconti o lungti discutie
asupra meriielor car.alerilor Orlando si Rinalclo, raarchiza susfinind
ca.tlza lui Rinaldo qi Galeazzo liluei acea a lui Orlando. Tintir5 incii s-a
de aproape cle opera lloiardo : se
interesat h4atteo zicea cX numai
gralie insistenlelor ei conteie terminase Or/anclo inn{}tnorato. Celiiialt

Orlando, il Iurioso, al iui Loclovico Ariosto, o interesa deopotri.,'6, Am
nadoutactdcperiamsuclriesxpemoeptlualr.dieispplrfe,cemaaur,chdiez5as9eirnceunmeaa, venit la \4antova sir-i
gi roma-nele spaniole :
amicrrl sdu NiccolJ da Correg;gio traduce in italiand ?'jronfe el Blanco
al lui Martoi'ell. Illneinteles, marii scriitori in volgare.' Dante, Petra:'ca
qi Boccaccio nu puteau lipsi din biblioteca ei : ln inventar figilreazf
operele lor, iu cele mai bune edi{ii gi unele in mai rnulte exemplare.
Tocmai in acei timp incepuse, la Venetia, Alclo Manuzio sd im-
prime adrnirabiiele savanteie lui editii de clasici latini, greci 9i
;;i
italieni, in {orrnatul qi caracterele care au fdcnt celebrir casa alclinai.

Imprimeria fusese introclusb la N{antova iucd din 1472, dar cdrfile pu-
blicate acolo nri i;iiteau rivaliza cu frumusetea qi perfecliunea cdriilor

tipdrite la \,renefia. La 8 iuiie 1501, marchiza scria coresponcieniului
s5.11 6n la \n'enelia, ninzicantul Lorenzo da Pavia: ,,S-au adus aci sltre
r,inzare oarecare \rirgilii tipirifi in format mic, cu iiterd mdrunt6 gi
aproape ccncelleresca, imi plac foarte mnlt ; aud cd incep sd ti;:5-
reascd pi cdrii din Petlarca gi Ovidiu.,." Ir,{archiza le dcrea pe toate,
dar ,,pe hirtie bun5" (in carta bona). Prin carta bona, marchiza inle-
iegea certa pecoru, adicir perqament, nu hiriia obignuitd, care era
carta bcmbagina. Rdspunsul lui Lorenzo e citat de tofi cili s-au ocupat
de marchiza noastri ca gi de inclustria vestitului tipograf venefian.

,,Illusfrissjrna h\adanta, vdzind cd dori{i si vf, trimit cele trei cirfi, anume
\zir,giliu, Petrarca qi Ovidiu, pe l'rirtie bunii, indatd m-am dus acas& Ia maestrul
Aldo, cei care tipiiieqtc zisele cdrfi in format niic ai cu Iiteri canceldreascd, cea
rlai frumoasi ce s-a vdzut vrecdatd, qi cel care a inventat prima tipdrire gre-
ceasci $i mi-e prici.ell scump. Deocamdatd nu se poate avea decit Virgiliu pe
hiriic bi:ni : vi-I trinit cu accasta. Petrarca nu e incd terninat Ei n-au tras decit
.lj pe hlrtie buni fi suri tcate refinute. Asta din pricina lipsei de hirtie bund, care

638

6e9

opu-orJlriripaprssdcoao'rliisTJl siiIascoaolJlrp[Jsriipnsrpu:urIilrrirrplBuJoIJilprpnEJlsforrTr.i{uJennrro:-nlirlpJJra6_p'spa}lasrlJrrprrisJeIpnnV-:iro)pJ'llpr'd1]^rrpur\pool'aIq}lpsuu,tAerenurpjJXniro,]{EaJT'rrJIn{rrcrpJriinnpSrlarlopeIpTJJiararJJus,uaSrlsneI1ltBJsplnloSr'pz"lusTrrlip,qJrill,e:6Iupr-ieuaorsbul}rAsoprralaill.ln^1pi6lrl.3uptu'prrol;riu\ur.__rE-1rrdaa0rcspvsi

ell3etFoa8 ;:i1;i.radoasap 16 elgoqesg

ilt

-Lo'o-T''-aapr-prcsrog1:!piRir.lueI\apnrJai0;r'lsprcef.faTorro1,nicp13l'daaflp1eaUu1opua'rDeeolllolrtiniAle;6o.uDre,dzfoq\\talr'rJgqiqnpstaaJ'lenul-1$OrraarE3nroipuq'srrr{nl.paaaiuor.DuelrqeapilrpltaroplJsn.qfssisararrrplurJ:grupllpr,uoralrr,apioJorlplcJ];1rnddluotilf'1cernanli{-poJCr::rrJpaasnuryoJg:up03r6s1rpsroir1a'nlrraap0nl,glqr.rfrpreruainu;5roaeitrnnrrr:so7uplrJrltd-la!,Orpa'oni1ocJlls-ol1lllalini-gani1}o-rrlnNdq{uppl-paaJcspiaa.o$falnnrrnrJpur,oie,lrJralnuolprlnopr,gnJlrflon,JouruJ\or'ro1rnrrnal.rufui1aonp*ases.slc,ctsinau^lIpel!apr11ralarEese,egopprrl"_,ar{roorjlJuJi]n,ri.rnuelp1}rteote.?llsoar-rorJutiosru]srliroe-laaaorri3s-"uTpCsppisgrrpnpsr0caoiITalr'ilinnaiiqTl?Iioegp€ipJpii)
?iIo'aapiI+I-urerEnrotao1su$od;clalLnarlln]suAnellrellsli;ae'lpnBane,ioiaeaoArstrne3tJrubLocranI'no'lsg'I.a{lprofIlr1"'-Oinlloplr-lna'Jrl:fclrraFUruprel{seplldurquuJpIorrnrfrOV€iasn-eur-saerosnrndnpBrpsslciSJocf'uu'--pigioReo\ngsir'pl,J0sUrzg'pnpzapsllg'r.u1rinrrrsJqocqr1rD1rrlprfrle'lzfJ-rae1Jl-o1ri0nrr1Dea1i-p0ro3ll'IpaUuuplsrpaunc0ArfDurl1au;ilplo'Tpl,arlJlnpnoqrsuaoro4oLurnJ;pJJrrLppolJdrrp'IF'l,A:n1olrlruearlunLuriuJarlr:rnrL.aparqJrprejuBIerrlacrncelri;1s{uz,1pelr_Jli)deralrellluprrraon6,,pDpril'r5JIlpplr1otsuniJeererJirlorprxilio1ca{srlBU,eeurersi,tarp{'rl1pJunrpnllerao"aooJ.oolaccTr{a,r,l}l,urr{rfJ1arpz.aiJpJu'arl-areaTnDrnrcoollIrueluillaraflprilr0o1tJpentERrellrdailnpetottro]Lrrurus1,{ii-.l4laerotor1uatrrpaeprouia,,r7uplr\e3srJsxaEpanproduenq''founlEJegell-pu!pr-goroRzii,attrie{sriasr1aSrsnrqLargnruiAsce{'pJcuraJ]1yoa:lroiliJe-;,1"otlns,"A\rprg,:.tzgt]glp1'jrare",inrenr_e,rsl:,jir.lIrslsun7io;spI-ieJBoeelJ'sJSc:arr,'cor.a-ionaoollrrirEret}rrpoudrl'plrr1ilSlcjronpnpgrlaslloiirryoJ1iivisiE,tr]]]ilt

,/"'aleJarJ op rlpJnp g ap nrjncl !pur lo^ nu gl uncs €lrBllod 13 nrlrD:rn n,rliiod
;a''pqufa,tpEl.srJr'?aaloo1pA:^qrutunr'Ipo.qrlAdolooruuslousrspInnrer\Iai6prIenel1?d,s]rl*onolJrulgunrsnaeJ.err1^pa!aesBdd'e1qcUest:6sigrqafoFBrpeAr:uypoe1psrussoin6lsplotJDrel,SpnIurllrnp,lejpJ^rJOn1{Ieqlnsroisu:dueairnpo,uau11Izr1u:06ae,aqtzp1io.rE3ulsscccilllc?rclJl
iajls!

,1r:.tn;_r

olue 61

e,r os
lBruroJ lselore u1 i$ gra1r1 lseeore nJ'pr.lpjiac qdng...pfurn6r1s areru lpru €ar n.)
1':'lPcpJtfll,oonr^rrf:la,f,pnlifnu,arrlputprEeorp1pt]l1Juoprlr.lrrp3lpaAidodrolnulpeJnJ-sB.,soraosq,u\up1n3olnBJAsAuJo1pRJrI:l.alrotlsiIdaopp3oJ;op\asssdprerl-Ju1rSol{alou'.Brpoef,srrrBu:,sJrdsrraDnldl)BoI,JnIaIlrp.pappo1ojf?olsnrspoJcJJ6apEorrpisipouJJra.r1rspraje!?lliettnrCno_Trijlrjio,rpnlluri:!

niei ,,Excelenta voastra r,a fi auzit c6 s-au primit scrisori anut]find ci regele spa-
peste mdri, carc dupi o plutire de 36 zile descoperird
a trimis citeva cordbii
anume insule, prinire care una mare spre risdrit, cu riuri largi 9i mun{i inspdi-
rnintdtori, cu pamint mhnos, iocuit cie bdrbati Ei femei frumoase care umbl6 goi"'
Jddaaertapuaenlmbnioeugmrai tea9iginui nuaniuiara,reobaommriacrfnoeiaiarstpeuloniatnpabe]ltirnci.ziMti qIatiaidlisaaur.nnRitcii5uidrielaeltaepleoina1sroturd;leas;uulnra,t multe neamuri

cinci li s-a Si
e mare belqug

de aramd, dar nu se gSsegte fier ; sunt multe alte minuni, dar de acolo nu se vece

nici polul arctic nici cei antarctic."

AUi cloi slujitori ai marchizulLli se aflau in Spania, trimigi SA
cumpere cai, tocinai 1a intoarcerea lui Colunb. Giovanni dei Bardi si

Gianbattista Strozzi scriu din Cadiz stdpinului 1or :

,,Un marinar din Savona numit Coiumb a debarcat aci aducind 30 000 de
galbeni i1 aur, piper 6i alte mirodenii, papagali niari cit ere!ii 9i roqii ca fazanii.
-r\u gdsit arbori purtind bumbac subfire, allii cearti ;i fire de i1, qi oameni send-
nind a tdtari, inalfi li aqeri, cu lungi plete cdzindu-le pc umeri. Mdnincd carne dc
om 6i ingra;I oamcnii ca pe claponi 5i ]e zic canibali... ;\u adus 12 indieni pe

care i-au trimis regeiui."

In iunie din acela$i au, Lltf studios, antlme Ponzone scria din Fer-
rara marchizei Isabella :

o ,Aflu cd un om numit Columb a descoperit de curind peniru regele Spaniei
insuld in care oamenii sunt de statura noastri dar cu pielea ardmie qi nasul
ca aI maimulelor. CApeieniiie lor poartd o placd de aur in ndri care le acoperd
gura ; femeile au chipul cit roata Ei toii, bdrbatri qi fcrnei, umbl6 goi. Au adus 12
bdrbati gi 4 femei pentru regele Spaniei, dar sunt ata de sldbiti cd doi au c6zut
bolnavi de o boal6 pe cale medicii nu o pricep, Si au murit. Ceilalfi au fost im-
brica{i, Par deftepti, sunt blinzi qi gcntiti. Nimcni nu pricepe }imba lor."

Vin pe urmd descoperirile portligheze. ln noiembrie 1499, marchi-
zu1 Francesco scria din Ferrara Isabellei povestindu-i, probabil, despre

expedilia lui Vasco de Gama. ,,Seniorul tatdl vostru a primit prin cdi
<liverse doud copii de scrisori ale unor portughezi care au navigat prin
locuri necunoscute, pe unde nimeni n-a fost de cind oamenii igi amin-
tesc. Fiind iucru nou gi pldcut de cunoscut, rrd trimitem copiile ca sa
impdrtdqili pidcerea ; degi lucrurile par fabuloase, Senioria voastrd sd
iSnttieereinssadtdcduesaigsrelrrnaennfdeacndosuutdniti totu$i adevdrate," Isabella era aga de

incit toti corespondenfii ei ca gi rdz-

,!roinictrl ei sotr se grAbeau sd-i comunice tot ce aflau. in serviciul
Mult mai tirziu se lntinrplfl ca un vicentin, care fusese afla in mi-
€piscopului itaiian Francesco Chiericati, pe cind acesta se
siune in Spania, sii ia parte la expedifia lui Magellan care fdcu primul
ocol a1 lumii. Acest Antonio Piqafetta, ciornic sd vadi lucruri noi, p5-
rdsise pe btinul episcop qi s1e51in9ronluasseepientcoorslfeibsieiledeluciitMiaagBellasenp;tepmlebcraiet
10 august
din Seriilla la
cc1oA52s2aa,cdceliusvptjndvainc.lelCmnuetirrniooaaiissnedu,s$emi daiunrclehjruiozraansaevlraoavi1esinndtutrileai,gcCiiuhnliueorpiitccinaSitSildsinocurliimai, amciadaerrecchietizsdeteei

6,40

Tpg ft ui"or 6f,.s9 ep-]

apun3se al€J" e1+oJ6 npauncluroJ eJaurp3 IJurJ gJ eunds au ou.BJsoI
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'1n1snb ospLrrJOJ as r etrur ep'e.rel.rag urp JoIalrA rS rnlnlalseJ aIE alplnl
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r

I

ETSTtiV IS trJS.T.O VTT'TSVSI

il

ui arlt{r ps'auorlfirispJ rnl 'eAolupIAJ e1 ebezuog n1{ lpnrlJJTot_lorlr>s

rar}uanlalur arfn.r6,parop rf eruo6

ppn'[-ra-pnpnll:l^rSlculellp1urap,Jp:ptNr]lserrarlcpr{pulJolcTa'agloJlrupuurrso-LAan!esrls'xEdnoe-'Conxassle[pelspasulorn-ocrrr:lnJJlJuJinrJprnqgrInorJT1op-lCrJnpJedarfnsslou'irro:rr-1lenJnIrrruSlarresp_aJuoalrzqndnaJan1orlpod{{oBoJapdredJaJaplaqpJsrnrrrSrrr'ngJruuJupl:n1pnBproJllrs1pzndpdrloenlprlplanpslrsJTrtlJdprrplpprp{oaJtlJrar1lrs,aus{.prnrpnr1dpzdpppnnllgsiIof6Is],IlAsllngr'onIelpzRep1lillltl1nrsCrquazseJptae;Ipre..}r1rrre6llrlp1srrrr1rreaalrepf6r{;,lleru'd3oorIlDr-rS_nrrurerniIdpdpod.slLpoxesIaeuono;c;cuuaIji1nlite1ni,u/p,Ef.rurrrr,lLiuio.::prr6rli1rrrrll-ppoipeonincUbJs"ur:l.l

in sinul ei tot ce fruirioasa ltalie are mai pretios : magnanima Isabella

d'Este a construit-o $i a impodobit-o splendid ; Mantegna 9i alfi pic-
tori ;i-au ardtat geniul lor in tabiouri subiime."
Isabelia c5l6torea mult, dar cit sta ia Mantova i9i impdrfea timpul
intre slucljolo gi grotla. Mai tirziu, cind fiul ei Federico, ajuns domni-
tor, o rugd sd-i lase lui intregul Castel rrecchio, construi pentru mar-
chizd un vast apartartent, in partea cea mai inalt[ a Reggiei' cu

intinsd prirreligie asupra iacurilor gi cimpiei mantovane, numit il Pa'

rioreCijscod. mindaiucleest.-apiarciaammeenrtin, iIsda'bIseallbaeallvae*a o deosebit6 predilectie pentru

pe cale le impodobise dttpd
qustul ei sigur : aci a\rea s6-9i petreacd ultimii ani ai viefii.
Reggia de 1a Nfantova, palat irnens, mai bine zis o adunare de
rlulte cas'rele 61i6p3a0lactien,dmMaai nr,t'oarsrtapofuateluacatbVdeersiamilpleesr'iaali,avpuatlastotial rflatt
mai mai irisiS. In
cea
golil cle toate cpereje de altd : catastrofd mai mare pentru arta iialiend
ca jaful Ronei clin i527. Sub dominatia austriac5 a },'{antorrei care
ciureazd niai bine Ce 150 de ani, paiatul fusese transfolmat in cazartnE.
Acelaqi iuclu snl.; dominafia francezS, La sfirqitul sec,olului trecut nu
era clecit o ria-sid ruinti. ln ultimul timp, [,..], Ia Reggitt renagte iircetui
cu inceiui ; muite pdr';i Paruilifro-sutnrensotarourcaidee;osrdembiti,nei totu;i, fafd de ce a
camerini d'Iscbe|Ia,
fost, trn imens schelet.
sr-rs 1a Paracllso, s-au pds'rrai cu olnaroerrtalia 1or, a9a cum fusese fEcut6
sub ordinele niarchizei. Bineinfeles, n-a rdmas decit cadrul, cdci oire-
rele de ari6 erau de rnuit imprdqtiate. ASa cum este, cadrui e delicios
$i miirturia gust6iui isabeilei : porfi de marmurd sculptate Ei rrczai-
confinind delicate statuete (atri-
cate in toate culcrile, cu medalioane
buite lui Cristoforo Romano) ; splendid tavan albastru qi aur scnlptat
ln motive care se intrefes ca un bogat frunzig i intarsiatul1 pe pereti,
adevdrate picturi |n lemn, reprezentind orage fantastice ; $i peste tot
motiveie ornamentale {avoi-ite ale Isabellei : insirumenie :;i no1.e cie
muzicd, cleyize in toate lirnbile, uneie adevdrate rebtls, care au dat

mult de iucru curioqilor rzoind sd 1e dezlege.
cu patima ce punea in toate, tindra marchizS se strddui ani de-a
rlndul s[-9i creeze, in studioJo ca 9i in grotfd, un cadru artistic rds-
punzind gusturilor ei. lncepu atunci goana dupd opere de arti, fie
aniice fie de megterii epocii. O brind parte din corespondenla Isabeilei,
pSstratl ln arhivele Gonzaga, e consaclatd acestei perpetue vindtori.
Avea amici, corespondenti +i oameni devotali in toate oraqele italiene,
principi inrurlili, inalli prelati, scriitori, artigti, umaniqti, pe iingd atn-

basadorii sofului ei : pe tofi ii mobilizeazd pentru satisfacerea dorin-
Nelor ei art'istice, Nimlc nu o descurajeazS, nimic nu o opregte pe

apriga colec{ionatoare. Cu posesorii de antichit5li lucrul era mai lesne :
pt5tind bine, putea obtine orice ; mai greu era cu comenziie artigiilor
vii,; aceqtia nu erau totdeauna comozi, deqi aveau de a face cu o
principesd. in corespondenla marchizei gdsim istoricul tribulafiunilor

indurate in relatiile cu marii artiSti ai timpului.

642

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Jap pIDSI e1 lrnprbnz ap
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alrrlJaloJ n_{irrod

eaclue5,{ el €u8a}ri *grii

1TlT

rlilL rlitoioclic ;i reltrezinl-ir pe Apolicir ciltino <1in lirir iiitizelor care
<ianseazii c,.r nilc,'iri p.it'te cle grafie r riecoarie, ir{r:rcur priveqte scena
t.iliirc! in fi;r-r calti ilc1.1as stls l)e un N'iari.c slit triullfdtor alituri
tie \Ienns, spiencliti,r in gciiciurtea tE;rpan, cincl Cttpiclo aruncii sdgefi

ei, pe
rrt-sLr.zulLri \rulcali, car-c liiuregle arnte iu caverua 1ui. Cel cle al cioilea
rrai r-.ornltli.cli., {'piin cle tin siinl.lol.ism fiioscfic aFa cLltx i1 inte-
iit.iricr-r, r-inraiiisiii r:iroi:ii : cele
doui zeife casle, Diana qi N4ltlcrrra,
lcqcaii
i:, casla cr-i 9 feic'lu lit n'ir;ri, inainteaz5 risipinci intuuericul pi izclolind
.,:;c'iiir, i,.rxii1, trinrliivia;i aili ruonqtri, pe cli:tl jirstilia plo,treazd ltt aer'
\iatrtrg1na., itictor tr.rrlic cle mare intelsitate, nu era obignuit ctt ficl;in-
lilcr mit.olc.clico-filosofic,e ; sinplicil,atea cornpozifiilor lui obigunilc lt1.i se
iitrl'ritioircclausciienlolacirclor-nt rc:1oemppieicrierr{-iilleIsaabceeslltaeaciltiteiiraprre.iltiLtsr-naaiSnuputllts totriSi ;i a

clin jclealt-tl
c.lAroicni eacsnietael{arcutltoinnuuislueln{teunci;it"teir{}eiebar1rti"tiatmristinnXaisnsescdaermllnizotannirlzeeczg{eai lnecruuiepci eimcletaurrrrcnahailziueliliuN:u{eetonattelceclne1au'ia.

1T!TaT

Isabe-Ila si Lecnardo

In fruniea pic'loriior mari ai limpului str'1lucea Leotlarclo da \/inci.
lsai-.ella ii cunoscuse la Miiano, ia cttrt.ea itii Loclol'ico Sforza si a
tseatricei, sora ei. Leonardo picia, scnlpta statui, era arhitectul si itl-
qiner,.rl miiitar: a1 \Ion lui. intr-o sctiscale ciitie Francesco Nfaiatesta,
a.glr:rtul ei la Floren{a, narchiza ii cerea, in tnartie 1502, penirll eva-
lnarea unot vase pre[ioase ce i se ]troptlseserii, sir Se adreseze unui
bun cunosciito;: cLtr.ir e cie piliiir,,Leorarric, ptctorul c1e la Viilano, care
,1e:sreteajmama iacnrrii-rnliiois1tl5'1010".I,-eonadracsl;o"r se efli-i ta Fioreilfa. Este sir.jur cii in
lr-rsese 1a I\{anlorra i:a sii farcti porl"retul
Isal-,eiiei. Dovacla:.eiese dlutl-rr scrisoarc din taartir:1500 a ceh,ri r-aai
ectiv coresnoticien-,:ii acyeut a1 r.':arcliizei la \,'enefia, muzicantut gi fa-
jrrir,'antril cle litiirte Lot-err.zo cla Pavia. Trirlitinrlu-i un no,r instrument
.arrletinsteiclialr;-ricnrai-lac.aierieir,ii,'ri--l ,crenzo arliluc{a: ,,Leonatrric cla Viiici se allii 1a
tr .] portrei ai Seirioliei Voastre care e
foarte
iratulal;i mi se 1).ri-i'itlt se poate mai perfec!-." Care sii fi fost acel
lorii-et ? Ccrcetdtclii .,r-t ajrri'ls sa-i identiiice, tct gra{ie coresponclenfei
isal;eilei;j si afirrr.- r, lr esic, impreunil cr-r rnecialia iui Crisloforo Ro-
s-i-nilcrtrranrlneeliiii:;-';llii;llllPIirc,'rrti;iletitilticj\.iuitrrto:inaarart,ieca1r5e01l,lecearinllclnLc-i cl1lll \ronf
lrano, preclica 1a

r,eciea
Fiorenia, si'i se iitforn'ir,'ze dac.i Leouarclc ar fi clispr,rs sir 1-.icteze ceva
{rentrll slucijo ai ei, c:l rLr,-it: ,,i1 r'elj rLiga, cie ase{lel1ea, si'r tle trimitX
o aitir schifit a porti.eli-l;iii noslnr, cXci ilustrul nostru sof a clirruii pe
cea liisatii cle artisi aici." Era deci vorba de o schifl de llor[ret: un
€xen-rlllar fusese iiisai l.r N{antova, iar Lorenzo da 1)avia vi}zllse schi}a
rpeiisztrrialttiiiccliinclr1-;oictsocr,risCciai rpeoptloresttuelrioinarAcuciou;icnif-iar.afoastnni iacioIsdaabtiei leierei ccudttaret
iniai 1504): ,,Cincl a{i fjonstr;uinesalacetset rftianuett qi ne-ali fdcut por-
Lecnarcio ciubune (cltLot-t:ir; fusi; chc ne rcftosti cle

treir-rl in

644

9t-9

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Jrr.Lrllr .Ieir I iozrrir.rpru ]la]ip gpundse_r es oliurc:d oplErToaf ,eif uorualtrr
a-rJJDp]CplulnElaofrnqF-rJn1,,:"rc'ali.etliar;:l:eo.orn6lpasppr-psri1n(ror uetcrilJnto.]ljeaslrrr*ofuonlyca[DuatrrJr;na]o[ouritrsasrl;uDai
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qlsEalp lrlunnpure li; sotinli ol,rpoJ arlJsap etslolnN
ls pf, rs-?lrpur aiaferq. fE p,, a"'rl,,,\buai"JrpisJ
I-ps lS Tolur Lii] o:ndp urir adets
ps
p-q'LonsraJnppTdLJnrrspnn-rBlui;el.uorlpcifeluiralaasprpro-lpioegli,rsirurnai:i^prBoetr{nipr!rpuilcsalirls.araeJoo(puif-'anrlpz;drlrrnonlaJldpTlIqzr,rinnuiei Jltr::l!rfEiesprua:anuc,rpopirsrldp-reprra)rrrrlr1flnu: ,5npjulltdrp1nnlslo,grru,",nTnNJ.op}iLrlJrrpappl{l

,, alopuliq rt plrrrirar; ap urld 'llrlJ i-ps Io ailE urnr
eip 'lauoppi{ 1e drrl I 3iru un plspalpl6nz or{ qs rlJJnpe I-?s pJ}nd I}o ,.r13,rlrl}
-odru1 os ll:)D1) JItCI'tillln^lJro uroda ri inl;ro{qns rn1 uara6ole {rl ospl ruu'o13our:rcl
g:rup rr! 'otpni! nJls(/ii tgu,A!f.,(pI]pJo,EISllJsDpouAr
{lIJirilo:rnJ ril itl) rrI,l.\ Il) n:1il;cl rrclqel un p.lseaA?-l5nz r]s sndsip r;
lu ;nj llli uItll i{ |: 'rf lu:-lr;;rir r)r\ !?s ll{.rJ Ioril

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trl u-lolJ Ill l,lJu i)s lt,iii.),Ii,it :11:tcl op:c'.:ooT l?jpp 'o1ur:q.1 our!ssrpuolor\o[']

: pirra.roT:i pi nrelo-1ll|,j r{l o.rard rilin,iGlllJ{l}oJC ppsrJJeseJio0pgi o1}-Tptrr ZZ

ef 'opJEiroo'I .]l) 0.lo{jo o iord arr-ro rrJ pqre eilaqpsl

'rrllniaporu e:nlguelciorcl n1 i:irrerr
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,,'"'lridural
plil1r:iolrrl
ps rnqoJ:!
ptiiclorrrri

Fi cA |n curind va incepe s5 lucreze pentrU ea. Trec trei ani 5i nici o
cd timp Lecnardo lncearc6 mari necazuri
veste... E drept in acel care-l

fS}paibficcoetroszrtdarau,sei enignelaosscsnealiltnrcndgueeotetp]olaeeturNasi4adislle-ajbn:fpojn,ic,;IitiIupDdre6uu.rsc-QALiunmii"ricc.catpLtpieeti9rorsrinoitpaarrllodoetoesi-crnfdtaomFtroruianlneesfaldfa.duCrrLbouobmpdaaotnverooictnlaoa.
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fiiacterimpoitertrescturiis,oiairecaerpeoamse5npitidctlenzaei sus prin care, dispensindu-} de a-i
crist
un co-pii in templu, ,,exectl-
tindu-1 cu farmecul $i suavitatea ce caracterizS arla voastr6," Leo-
narclo lucra atunci 1a laimosuJ. carton aI bdtSliei de tra Anghiari ce-i
fusese comanclat lui ca li lui Michetangelo cle gonfaioiiierul Soderini.
llIarchiza qtia acest zugrdrrind printre picbturi
lLrcru, dar aclSuga cd
pentru ea, pictorul se va oclihni de atita istorie... Tovaglia, s_ceptic, o
itidnnaefcboelroLrreuncaoepnaseazEndrctfircuoudrecs,r,tcLutieci;noliionlua/drciceriaouPnlbercirlelupdqroaoinimpomirsii1-ia8nsr-idm1t aepfEexrcngehtdcrirudz,rtuaeiStioeispndecioleruraricuer|s.enezNec{sed;iaiv-samoucireiilfsepintauecrieaaavutafinti
piSluinnigcdlecebludndilvoriirnmfdA.;Nmu [ptreema gintisl dcinCed se vor lua 1a intrecere cale sd
va fi biruitolul, dar m-ag prinde
p-entrl Leonardo." Tovaglia avea dreptate. Zaclarnic intervine din nou
isa'netia cu scrisori cdtre Tovagiia gi Leouardo : nimic nu soseste, cdci
nimic nu fusese inceput. iir 1506, marchiza vine 1a Florenfa c;ainsAfase-
del.llAnnunziata i vede pe Leonardo
inchine la Santa Niaria unchi al pictorului, Ales-
voarea ei intervin gonfaioniera Soderini 9i un
sandro cle Amatoribus : Leonardo pror,ite din nou sA inceapd in curind
lucrul. Dar tot nu se hotdrdgte. in inventarul operelor rAmase in Para-
cljso la moartea Isabeltei nLl se gdsetge nimic de mina lui Leonardo.

iV

It[ecazuri cu Perugino qi Bellini

Afard de Nlan{egna, patru al{i mari pictori colaboreazd la lmpo-
dobirea faimosului sludio/o al Isabellei : Perugino, Giovanni Bellini,

tpceuicmltuoelr1BmljistPiatuoelsilrao,upngMtiinccaeoiir,n,ticrb$iuiucbollniccS1uelcmlnqdetuelieJauIsalieiSguUoenrbaibscdrseeit)o;v.s{nI-rn,atRlaFudsicleutritgcirrnorialireteVapas,inacAulteuEcrecpdzirai(mnr1ec4uai4pr5aainllsei aqm(uiAod1drm'eo1r4iqan6ert-,e1va5aA2lme4pt)otu(rc-nuu-l
,icntaifulCozordistetlirtuodmteeoasaunserriilseluiplssdaelien;ieftaigqbruloorfuiicru,ilmecbalrurieei npLeue,.onbnelooirnnridoered, laipelVfinuienn,cira,oniznuetrrn,iseptermoaaazsAnpieeirntiest,rmuc,cuidtvinbau.czae,,rEleel
a introdus in picturd simetria,. care este contrard echilibrului, si a irnobilizat spaiiul
prin duritatea dulceagb a tonurilor sale de albastru, de vercle, de roEu crud, or-

chestrate aproape 1a intinrplare. Vigoarea sa rotundd, eleganfa sa indoielnicd dar

646

Lbs

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a faunilor, satililor ti altor multri amorati. /Urmeazi apol o sumd de alte personaje
mitologice, ip diversc acliuni Si metamolfoze.../ Toate aceste acliuni vi Ie trimit

fiqur.rte pc un mic desen. Dacd gdsifi cd figurile sunt prea numeroase pentru subiect,
puiefi sA le reduceli nunArul, numai fondul sd nu se schimbe, adici Palias, lliana,
Vcnus 9i Arnorul: clar vd e intetzis sd addugali ceva."

Perug,Jino nu se grdbegte deloc sd inceapd o asemenea ,,ma$inil".
Pricepem usor ezit5rile iui. Cind un emisar aI rnarchizei se duce la
el, i1 gdsegte in atelier inconjurat de un stol de fete frumoase, clar cle
inceput tabloul marchizei nici vorbd. Trecuserd insi trei ani de cind
pictorul iscdlise actul inaintea notarului $i incasase 20 ducafi ca
arvunir. In cele din urrnd, Perugino se hotdrSgte sd schifeze tabloul.
Cind iPsaiebre.ellaunsdpeeraavseda-goi vcaodmdaonpde6r,ac, ipnidctloaruPledriusgpidare: aa, ccoilnod, la Citta
rlella
implicat
oclatd intr-o barulle gi plin de datorii curn era, e tinut patru luni Ia
lnchisoare. Pictorul Salaino vdzuse schila, o gdsise bund, dar propusese
oarecare inodificdri. Isabella se alarmeazd insd cind afld cd Venus
apf,rea goalf, in compozifia pictorului. Peripetiiie acestei comenzi devin
clin ce in ce mai comice. in cele din urmd, Perugino, grdbit sd incaseze
restul de 80 ducafi, termind tabloril 9i-1 trimite la Mantova. Marchizei
regretd insd cd e
ii place ca desen gi colorit, zugrdvit in lempera in
ioc cle ulei, Pictorul se scuzd : nu fusese informat cutn erau pictate
tablor,rrile lui Mantegna ; lui i-ar fi fost mai lesne sd lucreze in ulei qi
ollera n-ar fi fost decit ,,mai delicatd".
Grafie ,,invenfiei" lui Ceresara, tabloul e u9or de identificat: esle
le Conbat cle l'Amour et de la Chastete de la Louvre. Este poate Iu-
crarea cea mai slabd a acestui mare pictor. A simplificat mrilt din
subiectui ce-i fusese trirnis ; a introdus ca fond obignuitul lui peisaj
Lrrnbrian, totdeauna frumos i se simte insd lipsa de inspiralie Fi sila in
care a fost lucrat : nimic nu putea sd-I inspire din storie aceea colll-
plicatii a riinanigtilor Isabellei. Aldturi de celelalte tablouri din studio,
Pemgino nu stir ia obiqnuita lui iniilfime. isabella n-a fdcut niciodatii
caz de acest tabiou ;i n-a vroit sd reinuoiascd experienfa cu megierul
cie la Perugia.
r\celeaqi irecazuri i ie cirgrineazd gi venefianul Giovanni Beilini le
qi lot din pricina blestematelor de invenzioni. Beliini era o dinastie
cle rnari pictori care ilustraser6 Venetia. Marchizul de Mantova era
ciipitan qeneral aI armatelor Serenissimei, avea un palat in Venelia

1, Gjolrinrri /Jel/jrrj sau Gtoisacmabneclliunost(ilcuirlcfalar1n4a3n0d-1i5n10a)tmeosstefercde. lOdriignintiailiptaictetoar

italian carc a iniregit stilul
iui consti in subordonarea tuturcr elementelor tabioului fatri de principiul dominant
al tonalitiif ii. El a f ost ,,rnartorul permanent pi principalul actor aI ef ortului irotii-
ritor prin care Veneiia s-a descoperit pe sine" (Elie Faure, op. cit., p. 203).
A contribuit 1a eliberarea artei veneliene de inriuririle artei gotice. ,,Citrc
siir:;itul vielii sale, adevdrata lumind Ei cerul Vene{iei, uneori marile plduri, pe
|arc: ie va iubi Tiiian, p;trund in tablourile sale, iar peisageie cu contururi oarecum
piea nete, cle la inceputul carierei sale, incep sd-gi estompeze iiniile, si se d.rmo-
lr:ascd, si respire profund. EI intrezire'te. Percepe fiorul lumii. A deplasat aproape
cu iotul tererlul dramei $i ddruie$te spaliului forma, pind atunci pe jumdtate pri-
zoniera sentirnentului moral. El defineqte primul ceea ce constituie insuqi londul
natur.ii Veirefiei, sensuaiismul ei universai" (Ibidem, p. 20a).

64E

6'9

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TzuauroJ ap lr3rJ,l,or 'ruue,torS I asBoJ6IIar salp Ipru a]f,arqns ep lrolcrd
nelo ruriios IloJ 'a1e1purn! rS ne un ap uaurlol rin aral rg Apuloq oJpJ
app'--qeplsrlssrradanrisSJlulapraprnsl'aop;t'Jrguz,1,nnrgDJqTcrllJr]t'o.uJle{-1pirrrsatRu^ranrJl(-1'sTrsrrpE-urruaaoIorn6li'loJopuaI1lnlroeplalrllsouJpppa}parprilnhqneuJi^nlerrpsalenlq'rJJaprnIo?ltlcrlJl1apa'nrJqopf1reppJnpcsq;oJaeln1rlJlrp:nriapcrlrlulu0dlraao0palst-Izuinlnlauouuodpas"sltu{uaroRrrl.plloJrlcsofop,lsga-orprlupdruIirlnqo1anlofr,roppiIrTpIrJJlquu'BopBlrfll}J,llrararurrrljgTpsns
rozlt{Jreru azolrid ps osturt-rci ILrtIEu\or! 'ounq nefunue as riirorfolio;\ r-iJ
alrtfelog 'odooe; 1n1 e gracio 'o;retraq ueg rr{ord p pllp tS (rn1e0op pululi
-rede inoiqei gdnp ordor 1o1) InlarrpJ € o ol*ein;pp rl olr1rio3
o-ropa;\
'Pzlqslpur n;1uad ardo: o PJpl ps ro1r1d ecl pzrrolnu rlepalo"I 'lnlnlapour
psul eaulfrede 1no1qe+ 1aradurnJ I-PS asIo.IA '(erpuol e1 ,{-ta11e3 lptroI}
--'aoplqNreluruNaID1rnzeeldn) uuuee,rlpolnpasero.i1nl cptnhllqaobrsoenpJssraolpsunrn6JcpnJzBaIalarpq1uEanrs1I'.lro'otcd6lo?InuIsrlouuu1enl'.soruJuoopJlrprJplzplRJAarpIaIiseJprolalluuurll
-eErIllSIpat'IliuurltuIquInIeeaJl^sgoaaplrDoIqp-IlrniiaoIhslRnLnpJiculpeourp.irrrolro{Jeep1se;narur6grrullr;'rrodslooopdJsLpnorclrJpseoJ';ep1rrofano1ps! a1erp6nu11eaez1lEu)'rBoIpLUDurau!1oqpBAJrSsSoarr1Disg1urrpeS1sradaaolylins1ipnpuseBuI3Ss!

ca marchiza de Mantova sd fie astfei batjocoritd (vilipesa). Marceilo
nu pare a se fi grdbit s5 execute pe Bellini, care era o glorie venetiand;
aflind cd opera era inceputd, incercd si imbuneze pe Isabella, asigu-
rind-o cd va primi in crirind tabioul ; sd nu insiste pentru restituirea
arvunei, cdci pictorul e bdtrin qi sdrac (per essere Jui misserrimo).
Magnificul exagera : Ilellini avea intr-adevdr VV an.i, dar era cel mai
rnare pictor vvaenfei tsiaenrv;iii nu mai putea prididi comenzile. Intervenfia
}u-i Marcello Ia ceva, c5ci intr-adevdr, in curind, marchiza
c6pbtd lvladonna lui Bellini. Lorenzo da Pavia se extaziazd asupra fru-
muselii operei pi roagd pmeeIrsiatubleiliuacsrddrpii"rim; eeasdcrdeptat bcliouBle,,lplineni tsru-acpinusrtteaat
pictorului ca Ei pentru
ca o ,,besti€", dar marchiza in generozitatea egi isidntreiualcied asupra acestor
micirri. Isabella iartii vi/anja
lui Giovanni 1504 ii scrie :
,,N{eqtere Zcanne Bellino, pictura ce afi f6cut pentru noi e demnd de
faima \-oastrb, a;a precltnr speram ; suntem satisfdcutd i vom uita in-
ji-tria ce credem cd ne-ali fdcut prin indelungatete intirzieri,.." Tatlloul
aga de muit incit nu renunfd Ia ideea sd aibd ceva de Bellini
ii p16cu
pentru stucliolo. De data asta interr,'ine ca ambasador Pietro Bembo,
ainic al amindurora. Bembo irebuie sd uzeze de toatii diplomafia 1ui
ca sd convingd pe Beilini sd facd ceva dup5 ,,subiect" ; sfdtuiegte pe
isal:e11a sd scrie ea ins5qi
o scrisoare mai caldd pictoruiui. Marchiza
se executd cu ioatd gra{ia $i anuntr5 pe Bellini cd-i va trimite dimen-
sirinile tabloului pi toate indicatiile de lumind ; cit despre subiect, Pie-
lro Bembo insugi i1 rra imagina de acord cu pictorul. De data asta
intirzierile provin din cauza rnarchizei absorbitd de alte evenimenie.
Dar cind peste cloi ani Bembo reia negocierile gi-i arati J'jnvenzione,
pigtorul refuzd iard sd se supund ideilor altuia Si Bembo ii d5
-
clreptate.

,,1'rebuie ca inventriunec ce se g6seEte aici, insofitd de un desen, sd se adap-

teze ]a imaginafia pictorului care Va avea sd execute. Bellini doregte sd nu i se
dea prea muite puncte fixe care ar stinjeni geniul lui obignuit; spune cd-i piace
sd se migte in voia lui in operele ce face qi se insdrcineazd sd mulfumeascd pe

cei ce-l privesc."

de Bellini avea atunci peste B0 ani. E probabil cd nici nu s-a apucat

noua invenzione, cdci ln inventarul de la moartea marchizei nu
figureazd, afard de Madon6, altd operd de Bellini.

\r
v

Lorenzo Costa gi Raibolini

al Isabella are mai mult noroc cu ferrarezul Lorenzo Costa. Un amic
Galeazzo
ei, Antonio Bentivoglio, fiul senioruiui de la Bologna
vpfpFdeilindrndozczeuminoltoanmdrieveul.iutl,btai,DitpsMeeeic-arabtinocrutdrenfu,gialnucgmaoii,.napdvIrincacinhtrogiczcreidnudclp!aietcoBzeCitelseonat,asttiPtiv,ta,aopdrsgrieeddliteoiilunucdtoceeerreaceszsasieiagplruuooacredrtietmaucznlae,dt,ga,iis"nnefieaaxafcneizltnadalumsglbiaaelu'n;,nniuua-l:
nu va omite nimic, va ameliorai" ln mai putin de un an tabloul e gata.

650

r99

ruo^ o llBp,upuros o-llu ps af,pld P^ PcBp ',ou.rraurDr nps Ip nrluad .pzuld o elselop

PJlsBoA Biroluas PJ puIiIV 'B1BIA Pl8o1 nJluad U13o^ In^.ras rs InlB6rlqo luaurlllpu

'prpldspJ BeuaurosB pl-rrou nu or.rropad Inlnloluos InlerUod pulrpJ lEnI urp-au
aJ plpauolso larlspo^ Ialroluas Bolrpd ulp rBp un pf, !1e3np 0e IaJ rurulld,l

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apupruoo ps

pulJ ad

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npole ac eluilnlrsofIiianleolqup1]lfaelrafrquur vra'nl rrpplroulnuueunrpreudaarllundl ol arpo ad 'snqar
alpJelapp IlIp I5 auor10r1se3

orESSEplpB alaluoJ lode 'ezlqlreur r3gstr5 lIlul ; aleer o[euosrad no1c1e.1
urp irndrqc oleseorilnr3 uI lnJsounJa-r ne-S 'a1eod aurt gdearrr6 ; g1eo6
rseurb:pur olp3
alelpurnI ad puur6 o rf ueuro-r rplTlrru un : InoIqBl un6r]
pnop olal ueld lnurrrd uJ gplicl op +uns urnJ 'auls nrluad pls orBJorJ
l rllplter op edncca;d es nu lrrauru I elp-iedsJp rpru elal olarunlsoJ rri
alpJprq'ffI a1eo1 'enrlpJocap azod u3 alallp 'olrqrsueqardruoctrl lunrfre
eI as-npulpap olaun 'o1u1ozr a'au1p*ors[eraddorraodaf'deruuor1srarSdealepce1_urn3dsno;6rnopsJpOc;l\rrp*
'1rnue1d esJillrp ad alezeSu
u1Jpru lpsred rrn-r]ul 'a]sfl.,p plaqasl DalrnO ap olarunu qns a ]n3soun:
aI-'leinapr.rqadtparrJsceIraprdulJ'raefpg:pasrarrnlroap4'r,DbqDpnrUpasauTp'rprorASpo$.lDorupEItzntrI1cq^[pl'IeBaruDIiropugrn]*szouoeuoJ'oeJaru'Dap6Joclur1ls,lol.t:gptrurrpbtnInlDlzlJrU^lInnpaolas6lurqnoupzlDrlp'l1a1aleppt1l]pcgs1e1aaJ1ftp,pn'-l}sporJIll
a-oI-1--noucunulptolgrrvudol^uulr1puyarr:'1.Il6Brad'upuperp'nuItaanisbn[p'lpBPaSepuq-rlsriunpoE6dreJ]uzn'usyelrzqrotnAsrnJlloBejlrnuJlar',eDluq,Jaoueuicol6llrrtrslo{u1rDDo-13nipnu;rgIofooeuIlu7Jitpeqapq}nreennnr+lJuI^ndonprbupa"JpirlyllpuooupedeLrnn}rlllprprpsansp'plapup"qocaaJu:iIufnalIr,nnarlprse'pJopoan-lcrsfspb1ripSnp6napooaIlNntayrr:rJrrozz1ru'arRlolulqrr.alfalrJisril'a6enorpalpcyeIorrsnsrgIoroaeaIglaJ)sIgrIanppBrorl6nrT'qzue]oJEnuoprIlJsrpqasuo,prpaepIIcluuqnnnI$!3ilJ;oloo!rleEtppp1arl
alaqure 'BlsoJ ozuaJof ap azurd pnop pzearn6r; efiezuoD alrr;plualui rrT
'Ioziq3rpur B;aclo plseaJp rup uI Bap Rs osio-ra e;ec
-ouo1o;d p pJJ'r1I BlsoJ 'oozr1ufaicroA-rIlrgrarflld1an1rnp:egJ
Rnurluo3 ea;aq6a.Lurcins qns

inccpc dupi Criciun pi vom puuc toaii graira posil:ilii, clcti atzetn dc susiitrut I

conparalic cle temut; d31 Apciles ;i Parrhasius rlo vor rreni ir.ittu ajutor."

Oferta nu va fi arrut urrrare, circi in conlelini nu a figurat uici itl
tablou de Francia, aiAiuri de Viantegna, Perllgino $i l-orenzo Cosicl,
Dar, pe lingd portretul ltii Federico, Francia a mai zugrirvit;i riu porhei
ai Isabellei. Istoiicul acestei iucrdri e destul rle curios. Lucrezia llenti-
volJlio, principesii cle Bologna gi bund prietenf, a marchizei, r'roia sii
aibd chipul acesteia. CEuta cu orice mocl sii o fac.'r sii ltrirneasc,ir ie
h4antova pe Francia qi sii pozeze pelrtru el. Acesiea se llelreceau in l:11i.
lsabella, nevroind sd nemulfumeascd pe Costa, atnnci lticior al cultii
n:antovane Ei rival al irii Francia, rdspuncle :

,,Rrg pre Sclioria !-oastri si nu me..i sttiiuie; nu tloriu-t t a pic ilrrLtl rir '''tr,"1
pentru aceasta; ultirna oari cind ni s-a Iicut portretul, arn incc-Lt aI atita r.:ri: :i
r:blseal:'r fiinrl uet oitir a sti'r drea,pti ;i ncrni,.calii, incit l-itm rtl ,i rlittcr i,r ' r, ,-
odatd si-i nc supllnem la ascmenea chin. Senioria Voas'Lrii pistrcaz;i a5tr cle 1--',re
arnintlrea trdsdturilcr n,lastre incli 1'a qti desigur s.'i ilidrcptc urina llictorului.;e'r1i;
unde ar putca sA grc:ieasci. Pe urmii, S. V. va pric-c1tc cir primittcl pe Fratrciii '-i:r
putca sir oicirsdm pc Costa, a cirrui prietenie u-atn vroi -.5 o picrdcm."

Cle e mai ciriclat e c:r Francia a igrriimincillicsaifi execute porlretni, fitli'i
rno.lelul \/irl, probabil ciripii desene
iile I-ucreziei Beuiir:c-
glio. Lucrul nu trebuie tottigi sd ne mire: sunt plea putritle portreteje
cle rnari personaje ale epocii zugrdvite in ii-itrec;itne dupai naturir, chidr
de cei mai mari pictori; era un noroc cind artistill putuse, zirrinci }ler.-
sonajul, sd ia o simplii schitS. Trimifincl opera sa :lnarchizei, Francia
se scuza: ,,dacd opera nu are toatd perfecliunea tlemuir de Senioria
Voastrd, -;a trebui sii ierie pe pictor..." T'otriqi, tairl.ot-il pliicu Isabellei:
,,M-ali {licut cu arta voaslrir mai frumoasii ciecit tn-a liicr-rt tiatuva
Nu se S'.ie ce alr devenit acesi porlret 5i ce1 i:l itti'
rrd mr,rliumesc,"
Federico : cle mult li s-a pierclLll urrra.

\rI

trsahetria gi ,,Le anticaglie"

Pentru clecorarea camerinilor ;i grottei, lle linq;t tal;louriie cle it-rarii
rraeptri, Isabelia vroia sX aciune tot ce pulea giisi rnai {rumos ca {tnlj-
c&gljc, rriarrnure grecegii gi romane, cupe gi r;ase cle pleir cramee, llle-
dalii, Ani de zile, cu zelui gi patima ce pllnea iu toate, ajuiatd r.re
numerogii ei aqenfi impriiqtia{i in toatd Italia, a urnidrit viniitoare,r
lucri-rrilor rie artii Dtimeapiutfleuii.pPeraintcuinpcaiiuplaseiiunaegaenetreara$estlceuralplitzoariiitiil
ia toti seniorii pi an'Lice.

artigtii
Gian Cristoforo Rornano, om cle gust sigtir, mare cunosciitor ai antichi-
tdfii, e1 insr"rqi artist de mina intii. Isabella il cunoscuse 1a curtea surorii
saie Beatrice, la Milairo : lucra la Certosa clella Par;ia q;i. cum era qi
muzicant de merit insolea pretutincleni pe tindra si strtihLcita clucesir..
Fircuse un bust al acesteia Ei Isabelia ar fi clorit s5 se vadd sculptatS:
cle mareie me$ter. Dupii moartea prematurd a Beatricci, Cristoforo ltt-

crase la Vlantc.ra pentru marchizii Gonzaga. Dupii toate i:roirabiiitltile"

652

e99

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p. 168). Fieobosit procnratcr de antichitdli e ;i Baldassare castiglione
in timpui aml;asadei lui malitovaile ia Roma'
JNRIdcmsedio{ae\aic"Cub/neioougeiisissa5lnti.lttrelriurg-f"iiarcmiaaisaisot5aivenS-racoeicaoilrnel,btr4irigrelrzm,i-oisr.taai:prcdjiei.lsouliuSicnrToiertcdrreiuezeica.maiinilBcUtncitalsreiuqlcncssi]acaiuunai#qnpieis'iirae$issoeorcailcriiiinr-edtiuehliirinrir,irnnaz-ipieiertlprouciicil'eriaiiresitvlIiceiioa1silnuesleceepunaariuA}u-nlpcndrti'dheiiuiiucnlliulirphcsiqCebiultpe5allraiairrirn{sug6ii.tRs,usoegasoilfsttuolreedtiiiermro,odfgsru,icrni,Rennlfeacfrgoxeasc\gmes'iafm5-aScaridpuie'eenuai'Dlbhiorntsiit:il;ceian'a-ii
lrmiciiCilSsiJgc;anarn;,Eie'il,iailarh'pci;iil,taen"a['i;ersaihlle"cl";iubi.:Se"uuvitlipilial"o;tzeiiril.mei.;cri.,rriiri"r;gi'iiuia'loiptzio.tciai,egliricrilrrCaiiciiti,rit,lit"riieli,nf:iri,lan.n:i-.ioiiLac;:Jriaccric-rir-iiSiasrrcilEiiapjsI-ud:nrie:rv:tiieuar:il"c.:-tedistitiirgslegii-usniiaceuic.nirpei,ia,pea.:i;neieiicsrtcre,rEr:gLfjptpegrri;oes.:aeici,1i,paer"ririiec."i.:o1e;eari:r'n5Drni:ni,Liccancrpruirifaeril-dlrLreee'itl,rlne,eiuriactei.lctc'einit.ieccamentnee1sitiailiCcrlScCailiuarivieleaccrnlicirii]sararrlzecziice]uegtri-eeilieufhieiariii;inlli;iji.n,l,alaicrr.1li'':lzsL-,aiilv.irceisupSii'rr-tj,raMuceJriesnjiioi9acivatlraeiece-iciesi.sLs,ildeirs]all'laloiiicrec,iai;ifras.rnixiieceriiaciclizn.liinLtroiiacaricr;ieiltiiel,cnt,ri5ilrtdaigieva];'ci"pd.'n{iciiee-Ia-llceim';oa'tn.rillilrrac-kaSrraieraceiilicunrjti"ieepuin.nnlcariioe'i:loellrie.iuuriollm{ilii,eocr,;-SAn.ri.asiSiir,'e".enieinp1flalticauanpr,leaeaomao3Lileern;-i.]lfeu'i''ugaria-nleriinolese[eutieiltpiftnedenirnirrz,mioeo:"r-ulet.ipr.clitnlcifroiuuruuiarAealglrcatlrrcotecjir1ecdrtll-iavpebao"lilcsslttia'rat,ttloliiRe,;e'sini'ia'olial.au:irtlbcj".ri;'-i'rr,uild"pe'raral-leiei'cIn-iiior|irstriirril;udr'icuiouiLsalc;;:n:n"cc--riii--lii:
sonet cc:;'1rr-ls cle ei i:: ruinele tetlrl;Lu1ti lui Apoilon'
fusese Isal:ella Ftiu s6 ccnvingx pe
Iieea l,ri Sal:l-:,a fell citf,:
la F-or1os. hirri.ele N4aes'rru autci:izil pe cai'aJer SI
Chaui,roi:t, r;ar:'scrisc Vgnelia llc o col-abie. Dar cr-lm la
sd aiungi
iriinitir l.rii:i lt'*rele ]a
ir{antova ? Scl[]--,.r se teritea sei nii fie oprite de cavalerul olclin.lil,ii cle
acolc; la ldilano, nr.r cie Chaumorrl care habar n-ar'rea de sculptura alf-
taicjuii,iseciiai.rlaclej'',afaulrLLiccyaariisinlrieilalueerzici.i.t.eaTeisna,le-.rei lince|'inSteembl;eaiaptero, iciiSticdi eluicnrl'o'iiaille-
il lialia a ttnr.ri cSlitgiir narmigian ca si-i incleciinieze aite fraq-
cerea ln'tcli:;ailte: liCr-i6 Ca'pe'.'e Ce ar'-raZOanc cle i1 ir{auSClr:ul din Fiali-

i.',;r:LC cllSCOpelit,;i O SiaLuie de narnlurtl, rnULi-
CArrfAS, pe Caslig;iione avea giiiririri mari: vloia, nici
1atd, ghsit6 a*,ir.i..ci cle Curincl.
1n insi-r,ia
Naxcs.
-mai m-rrlt nici nai priiin, sd lranslrorte .ia N{ani-ova inl,reqr,il iiiorirrint
cie 1a FIalicalnas. l-uase chiar misuri, cle acord cu 1-l1l cdpitan de corabie
in$ai icnuteugneilienrgeilneetrucrri:ine$Ct;i;earr$'t-a''nco'I i'{avigind sirre I-Ialicarnas' le
italia;i se intoarcS la
iesirii fur6 silili sii

Roclos fdrd ca Sabira si1 fi putut m5car zeiri l'4ausoleul.
Dup6 trei ani cle exii, Castiillione ft-t rechemat irr Itaiia. La piecare
obfiiru cle la l,iarele N4aestru peniru Isabelia o statuie reprezenlind
un zeu marin stringincl in bra{c o naiactrii. ilStrinul cavaler nu vroia
intii sd o dea, ziclld cE 11u poate trimite in dar unei principese a$'a de
inaite uu lucru de aga pulinii valoare... intors in ltalia, simpaticul Sabba

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