999
au oJ uI PJ leclor ill 'nPs inIJIAraS uI IJIUI PS sel a] ES ea-Ial IIII-o]E]
lr'aeuJuonurCtr1a3I+nelnuar1pour'neudousslpssr uUilndcIsnlpuzltrllul{Jlrpi3ueuurlren3rreeaJpud1'a'au'J,o,ppts1fus5B11-p1tIosBepB3o" 1J:6ulE'otdioarunlurlullatIldcpslruuarrrISPaUi^lenJPossl
ele6 ea:n.rncl 1; ucr' ti ltuinilnrri appoj uraluns 'oarrssr.tlsnll o-I+sEoA i
ialroluos InIJlAJes uI aJtruI ps JrrI-Top a auoilblgseJ Bp aresspplu€J pJpC"
: lelsn rS lrncs asunclsp-t e6ezuoS 'aIoA plspaJp pap u
nJ r-npulroJ 'nps rnlntrEuurnJ osrrJs oplEqoplnD I'-eR,tsc1asupeotrtu1n,aIJpeIqnlFoza
PI-anIJSqrecJuIJnnrpIuroe-u^oeinllpunseeJntdardAalnrlpsap-IesJourorplrpJlsseosuJeeeoisliloelf'geiplllstpPnpJflJunezgruPl;zrJ'anspn-Jdoo'IJnroBdTlIuJnpel-.elIrlluonallJqllaloerJgpn1pInuIIrPlIopJJ1IAfe-rIuT]PardisJu'eutetnsIrateaolelltt]enrucutitl -
-ab rS rfdeleful 'lzul1q Iopulrup 'e0ee1afu1 as gs tfnoq; 'tuauteo lop Io]
orlrrl 'BUJoU el urnJp as-npumlllul 'et6rog rnl po-iepprl pdnp Praser6nle-r a
as apun 'e.l.o1uey41 BI elloqpsllg es et{os tS opleqoptnS ecl esnssounJ -I
auor16r1se3 'allsBdprd ords 'rnbis tep laJul 'radBd a{e;6 'eJennle uln3e '
arpJ rnlnulluole1 InJol ui 'rrJrlasrg IB JaluoipJuob esrurnu II 'JnI Inuoll
ad 1-npulurrlJrloJ : ppnJ €Ja rI gded lnog 'inle:np asenlal t31 nrpuexalrT u
redBd pa+Jporu e1 'er6log orpsal ap PJIlptllPS allnJ nr lluobtrd tB lepas
-oclep asasnJ 'ourqr11 ap oJnp 'opleqoplng 'rullJ R'IIleIn1il$nl'a'uaorto1n6ot1gspeJ11Ionpl t!
ppeos rS aqurrqcs ps EoAp aJpquII{Js P}sBaJV
InleulpJef, saIB asasnJ Ini InJoI uI Ig 'oEstulrongurpIliIeJnIuledA: IJaJBlard lreut E
Enop E E'I
reru 1S rsasp6 auot1611su3 tS ubezuoS o
-l
i DiIIa& q nsor uur,5 o
nIr'':oe-nBujzu1SauroaranIu6d;lrpr\asrJpsJJnppaaBrsa;rpdA]laBuurupenltnrs1xJoqPa'selaelrvnuoiol.rtirtleoluurddJ:leeece1ud1itobnl1to6Si-nisalsell'uIreoinnezIdsuuonsupnppolaucptprlnlelelJluunr'1rlIJnrP'upo[oeUPz1lrlIetlJpe.cirocltl;Lg1'Ps+on'rUua,rerneIne,Iq1tJqa11aS1n0tur31roPlnrltel1fscn,36Es]ir;loP1euuJsaIonEeco]3E:tpIIiI'IocnJEsJlaurIEInupPiietilIlaquFolJrlrcsr\aJI nlruoEpts1sll (
prelslse nu auo116r1spJ IJIU 'la IJIti gc eSe 'e,to1uetr1 el PJJpoluI os PS
le-ernpsr1iJrdroaae.oBJrlr1c.1pJlsalanarub'rrrnJagaulppirr6polpl1eu'raru5cBlaesllfd(eJu:pil1sreunUrtonpnl=eJ1-cqIrrIonuIac'znzILelngIrrIqlurJT,teJotloinlJ6lLrrcueiaIorolupeflJsenIIgIuf6Neutnuidlld'aEplsuaIapRJsuuJuaJrrEufsnpnoBal:tsuIIJ1pJouoenqlllo1rzrnpscaeupntlJJl6idpoaazlnraqsaueplpouPnleelcis'l6d6gnaItre;zllIuausXzl.oqBaludJrlJoJar]ee3Bi^'rIsuoaodorJpIlJuJEnPS1onoTlJo;lTnJPniIa.rzJia.uEpPrir'-ilIJIlosJnP1lq'1tlIueezzRPaluIiiP1Jril -
'aluRruSnp pluJgdurlou nJ alrz ap 1up alSalpurn ll InzlqJ
B+1a-i'pnpnrSofp;le,fsl+sul1eBrreprS1rn-Japraeils'J1peuelurlrqroroatJ1co'uJ+str1llIntqp;nuoejluaB)clNlstnqtglnrtp\gsa'eplIeiaolntpaeulrteSsIrn4leeaaardbarp'nrapgrdpdouprpoulSJnlr+uarasIe1aiounll6-i3rJnrabrotgpa1zJuslars'oraSeoItlacu3elS'aln1r-eopqua1ursnInrlIpParllPellusrusoJ1ppeluuoed1PrIPztRriauauSbglAencpo1tuIplrpSIsqpBIroeneecUIp'eifJlJoIunllnIoJpiaqru:lnlao]o1'orgpelnsutl+aorsPouoeclasBprJ1ptJalpuIl''eeuzpnrplnIorlercnIdoennru1pdllturdnuc*zreurIuioIlanyere-l[otlneezcrJlesJellflsEqaceaalIpku1JS1c3uIupleep:lluIgsln1laqr[i'l1uuldsrleopprs€nnoor-lefJ)\ll,i -
-oluetu elalli{re ui PIlqpreplsuoJ a ro1 efuepuodsoro3 'aunt{:a1e Pscon1 P
d
-
I
n
.:
a
p
n
-D
'1
a
1
o
'I
rq
I
n
il
p
a
-l
Ii
1
II
a
p
p
pri\rc;te suntern trrultumili ;i cii-ti diim voia sir-1 serveqti." Gonzaga
rtu a iertat nicioclatii lui Casticylione ceea ce
e1 j'.rdeca o cle'fectiune
si i-a puri.at, ani de-a riticiul, pizma cea mai neagrir.
in sep,tembrie 1504, Casti51iione rreni la Llrbilto, ultcle avea sd
petreacir anii cei mai frumoqi ai rrietii.
{IX
IJF.E]}iO SUB F'trDEF,ICO DE IV,IO}{TEF'i]]I,I'Fii)
,,Pe coe slcie Apeninului, cam in niijlccul Italiei spre niarea Atlrin-
ticlicii, precuin toli s;titt, micul ora; Uri;ino; cle;i intre n-runtl
ticir, se
tlii1nnucgiilL]igt aia-ecalrctsplaiilinticiitumofsipcrseaejuc[ureciLCulI1erifirirnedceuletbmrenald;iunugoteusa],$aci eptorluitnl ci-edaeefortosraetclajinetiinit ccailoetas1;vcriieieilntpiiiec.
Dai: pt-intre marile fericiri ce i se pot glirsi, cred cd cea mai cle seaniii
aceastei: cle rnuit titnp iucoace a fosl lrlereu stdpinit de foarte"
esle seniori..." Aga clescrie Casliglione, 1a inceputul cirrfii asupr.i
buni
,,CrirLeanului" ora;ul N{ontefeltriior.
Apeirinii, care fac osatura medianit a Italiei, cobol in coline au-ril1e
gi triste spre Achialica. inlr-tt1 peisaj inai se.;er ca verdea Umbrie,
toLi.r;i cle iirrezi gi cr"rituri. se riclicd, pe o dublir colinii (urb,s
in.veselit
ibninjratrr:r-L1trcbainsole) i,uhoiri5c;eahie-illccucloctansienl[ecltul rilatrsaanlduaifiinripi-ugnddlbtouai rset.riDues adunaie
tiepari"e,
venincl fie ciinspre rrare fie dinspre flmbria, nu vezi ciecit cast.elul.
C;lici, precunt scrie Castiglionc, palatuJ. N4ontefelirilor uu c un palai,
fnlii{ilarea exterioard a loculni
ci ui1 oraq iu fornii de pa1aL. tlri e
ctltonaipcaoilainteilme e5til-sa,ulipl ieirritrluult
nrult schinbal-ir clin vretliea iiLi CasiigJiicne; cele mai tnuite tlulirai itt
pciorrrd-roi aabsaeloCi-alpi-ilicr5lu,ropaes."srir;6coitrifae;n1pretivairciieteia;gi :i
sciiri, cirsu{ele yetuste, piatrS, ciiriiirLidii 5i olane, toate frumos col0-
rate cie \,re,nuri, srib cerul care anunld ';ecin5tatea Aclriaticel'
Cocolat pe dubla lr"ri colind, mai mult cuib cle vnlturi r'lecit ot"as,
izolat gi in afarii de rirarile drumuri ale italiei, Llrbino trr-r a riimas in
iasietosriuenu$iiainciinaiirreinetiir,ecae]olnaami ejlnailioer decit gralie stdpinitorilor siii gi nai
IoIIani
9i ma,i bun. Cbscur municipiti
ajuns dupii ntivdiirile barbare clorrreniu ecieziastic, Urbirro fusese stiL-
i;init in Eviii Nllecliu de con{,ii de Mo:rtefeltro ca feudatari ai Bisericii.
Tn Qualtroceu'co, Guidantonio este al opti"rlea conte de Viontefeltro li ai
conl-e cle Urbino. FiuI sdu legitim Oddantonio e creat cluct:
l.ratrulea Etgeniu I\r in L443 t anui urrndtor moere asasinaL rlc
in
'1:ie pai:a
l;upugi pentru violenlele iui, $i un frate rrilrgg, fiu tlatural al lui
Cr.riclantonio, Feclerico, e chemat sii-i ia locul. Un om extraordinar
ijcesl Fedeiico, tina clin firile cele iltai iniregi 9i mai contplete aie Re-
iragt:rii. TriLlis cl'l inic 1a Manto.,.a, ia Cti.rtea ltralcfiizLtlui GOnZagla,
citi'.r i-iorocui sii fie instiuil in umanitiili de cel tlai vestlt pedagog ai
556
199
'npaJrz rJ Lln-rf 'trunnltopyrppJoStcalJnxaaror .'ttllnelnnbdrourlflerenOatl;lpa.urdi;r'1pn11ru3i1l.rg,rpEsIaoi) pipIunirrEpalllf
'u16-rog arpsaJ
a'prlsparleelcplt^'1{1o.r;nIorpetulpr dIooJpurnoul rlsntn0etgurISnn}lplso: p.\aeJe;app'srnl CtSpleeo-liePlrLrLrI-lId11nupipearilioJ'rnII1r
elurporr urp lrl,urlJ np-l nu ol.IaJo aptpualcts Ieur alaJ lJru : parpllp-Ii
o ar arlS tlrr rS auup nf, pJpa"rl ps l*
o.rlTa;alnopl 'ueur3np pl ote6ecl
paIacJlllloupposuJuolpJ'enflunicadr;'euorr1lfgerrtJr/aoJfupi iprn{lJJl;]{ua'razloocpicpplpru}Nggc'sru'mealcillipuplrrrrJinrtrlrofaeJslupIeIulrlorcadl'+plliodope+rdrnonJtrl.puroSeupdnIsppr'rriila,l}r
'tn1ncftui1 a1e tbtl t$ rrfrleoo olospo"roLunn u1 'or11aJaluotr\l
I-ps orprrru op a pllslrarroeJ ecl ulRlle
11u gr e3y 'osillas l-o,rpJ ad ernlac pJrpolu-r
al:'lioeJsqapzlp'sRoilcrlpellurpIrr-r{rauJeJll1uoSiopIeJJ1lpn'n1pr1orJleruu1oaarlbzcoo[cplrolr1rnqdeJrnotr1rrlg'roa:;srsniiepqursrnSrotqaqaaqz]ir]pllrIaneeJJrpanoprrllerJlerrorercpttuuexpo1acoriIn'n:e1urlnlanorlupnurJdroaoul}rJr,ripap}eiplliannpCplor
-eJ Bro e3y 'rrfrpuoJ ounq rBLLr alal paraJo I-aJ inlal lntlrlras rr,l alaf
-ur1Sounl rS o1edn.l1 pauncl rS-erpl upiJluqal gtrpe 'rarllopuoJ u-rg 'a1rec!
rSpeatp ap 'alarpoqzpr alpo+ u_r 'utrspb 1-gs elcialSe uralnd arr nN
-ullul'rS neru3np ecl 1ptr-1s-rr;ulo3 ,e,e'lnsrerrrSoiaau1rpdoo"p llrpur e-rS 'a1a1dnl alpo] tr1 .roref:
-u1r arlplpq rti 1e1cln1 ap'(7r7n1uoc pu6rs sarras/ pltnp
: (rarlloprioJ ap eroripJ +purur-ia1
laroI-p-uIuIIudrllunselIluSuppplrti-rdJJpuJ'og]srruBairpfaInSurrIpltJJnJpuneBudreoIcUesjlellrrxuepcalarlltll)puppJglurp1roppursoIuq-lrrIlaarllasaqrcoruoelrri-upnoArrlrrrslqaeruuorpzblpllnJgpprildrunuexlluaa-rrrrJrSacnlrrloarla:_1z:alsrsnsaIJppo1orprdeJoJLlr1splrorponerplpuatdoroosrru?nenarIu1leerJNlaE1lsaeJrnrll,arasi{dnpZlo1lcruuaJeel'opc1duIo6arJa'bncol€lI6Rnupaenrsdocsrloilerpe1pbJBp.rlrpaucaar;lJa8l$altepaBou'igrcadnJTtnirdeciIelsl-n,rrIu:,dSup,ararrrp}usfup]/rolr}ptoi{lrtiarnL?aTirc1li{res}.llii
---aaxlauJnlnuslrlae1eeflue'arrpafnarrlrrru'allpllrpq] u'prura6fglnslddaxa)aprpuarrprtoorT:rarra-JrunpoJlrol'rrluapriuaraJaplrunarrflcc,nlir:rlas1'rreprr'oerSlrJurs1Aurrr,It.nut ll'arraurlna-slireenolun.+rr
aldure csasdrl onrurr"ap: uabgnrenplealrltSp'1par1aer1rJ1rrprutrrrpuensle'o,,1proll1p6ll"paroduslanpl/'
auorlbrlse3 ',, olsaurnu 1r
purrrJs
'InIn:luaJorllPnr)
p arIElI plrJoJouau erSl;s arec alaleoqzPr aleol pl 'Plpl,t 1n1 e6un1 ng
Io'-'aaJuJsuroruJprJaadrplrpe-aeIpppdlrol'r''rporpalzuou,qIrpolpulJ]raSJtuollrroTIp4JaoafsT,JqaJolr!ro?ulroJJprrulJrullpdrnINlunerSi'uaopatcII1tJlnrnolB'Epalua1.osI'dtngrn,al,1srctIranlp-zIsIiparIo1Pno1lals1nIAlo:JDp)popuIas,oIrrafJpflJf3'',nprnnnulsslJInPaud'rrplullusztr,porIaollrJqui1;SlpluDprlDrnIIarl:rBlleaJ:-iIn]loLrpueIlIl)
--ra1rr1rurfrploliruSeut.rrneugr clllnnoppoJilitJlnall)padoc'pl. ruaeargJ'InalcnltloruqtzrduJPJel'lseupt*p afa,rnl Ps elr(l
'p3tzntu 'tnlncl
-urr1 alrrngods a1eo1 'ttnJo[ 'pcseala.tb tS grseautlel ap Irn]PIp : ,,plasor
l1sel" poJE u-t nelqdtlr as alJlrls 11n$ar l$ qrnlgfp,Lr{l lprunu lLu t$ '1n:at
-J€rpJ pf,sparp1ril aT ps PrelarlaaslebPnIplroptLsI" o1--rnluprurlcfPi ^puriJJl/napJJIsreSlc,,nrorlleacttltltdt1trs:ttllc>l
op aIaJrJ artcisap nu
ps
efuelsqns nc rtltclnd t3-nputuprq 'olt6o1)epad opoleru iou esprnDnerir
,11gurn IpuI Io:) ro1 irsnclns op un]Pls neipnuJ alasadrrLtrrcl rS rrdrrritr<l
apun'asefrrlrJu! eJ nsororb DsD, u-I orel ioJ 'a:11a9 Pp oLiIro]1I4 'rnlndurtt
IrvnleSiscreirnaat riini 1buiirusdinjlef,i,uipalsinc:c9lei otnenie cu inrrin$ii, Federico nu lasd pe
sd uciclS, qunr era obiceiul timpului. M5-
rinimos in toate, a r6mas pilda ,,condottierului virtuos"'
niDccnloiuuiticrcereoaeR.iintaSdCttezei5nobanoqpiabnfieiiitieaainulcelclnlteaeifeevhrcr1e,iiIr4ic.otf7ienLO5cvtebeladelfc.deeanldiotpuurc9oainuripertppieaaoo:sSi'liqeut1iiidxcaiaatappsuIirVfraoicinbr,ae;tipilelttda[eualsusilit{nicadaifcioa,ca1mccgoemnrsrsiioijide-bag$eii,ltiSceoFom,nreniidUlgdteriierennbIrau'eiriscninicoSodtd,e'ae1rdCninotbao5Lnusr1erinteltceaLa-,ll
s1Iaccc*cccno}mlcciacapsPcteeuaatlluerolaaaeiapeueearler1iau-eii.elnrgtlirraltitsrclniclecNeeiibgtaentmraecrt1tlcsunicdaeiuaueil5rft.ooinCncaeao,t1urlalSonr.,a-iiitisoeuirs,nmuri,tirIdiu,,cl,aepspduaudLcfDtto.trecusLlcC$crlN1leaionueiseiniivevnc1puro,levmgcieauuaitlaamsfu.naucsmernirpgscdittr,o;ui-acrapou1iemec-;eabrdi-cusfidVrsletaiailohrresie,aor,r6eamrCeiifeltraiesiz,drriairec5umiatregncdqaa]eaarmedaimilresie-urrhusasnunilNe1aaarnudsicrt,picbgztdtipruiefnteriedcgcd:riciiee2aidcuriolidscunneloirr'oi5pblp,isianineuatvogmfnaifon0cdiueoonpiseii5sonasrugn;raatsanrlreiaettdiemet,dilimtunev'esroeiv"dirieeSeasmsuercrllcaeolaal-reeeprauciteiiaicsed"pegsrcr.eiiull"rfc,"seieeneaiSa.itlinnsns;aeirorueibc,ipl1iAlensnuesoiiaCcnMirlliutatc-cxunt1r,riaoeuiriitiuNpooiienamnllonsaec'nrrftrutcnmlal,eo"rsncartfeoadira.ae,io,atpilrfenutlinelLloraasan!lLed,rfnIrioinupisfamudjaSa1tual,riasitadmpreueecncstelsuodcacrucclsusvielaliijefaeare1luciinlmtaiicaeeeannea,nceron-uiieaadtlanlie1a,eniaeicuuiotiillsltiirtersnsiavoeoclo,cioreuucsideCaulleeaicdgau1orcpdronceappuv.dsai5ritgrdrtiairtpddriuacictocs,aliaa,eoLlsui1aeeuaf,eidt'nitciIivPetpleiarcredfrragnto,r6iae9Ubuasinaeiucpdar,lpie0atdsnrirdlteeelrtcieoreniie0neldaltateiamblloeruindudnrnltallnaisieea,iranfe-ej-erfnelueabei(nl(giaoagsn6,iagfnfoprI,iaoi;aaiefisnc.rejaena-iuir.edsdefla1pfdauaocas;v$Gsitiru'eecttfruedladtieiiuuiiiuedndutmrnniu^onaaacamsesniordunpusnluedplpctlCrimsireusRsbrr-uzyleRiooieremeigDpeuntui'oanuoeecndielisrnniapgetcnngnaialsioregan1recaruaurS{iaterFqaboadlhapprioauisom9n6sruiifqtivipiiaanptiiiinntdtc,rpcecctteeurRealslttlealteactieiaolet!dc5qsunrfricprueilr6cntltiil-eee1]ea)eii-ti,-t,-ili:tti-',:i
inin, tavan cale sA nu fie impodobit cu cele mai splendide scnlpturi.
Ncpipnalr:oiinnaactttecarrli-ilml-douqliniaruei;lqt,miisrearsciepiziosiauls.ii.duep."zcslrelPielcUeesi rlacebliliintincegsdoudu,l;n,ndioluica'1pnat5bairt8ememi,aseoeeldcftauualrrillmpmleaaie'rLrlaaehztdietdceeliociifenrtroutdrzmn-iiinuulcesnleqtiatsnireletisanrac-s,ulllvEilnpeivtatzuaonilstaa;tliadtcaetciesttaeeeeraaaae
s-a pdstrat aproape intact pind astdzi, clucele gr5mddise in palatul sdu
lsa:uciolienfevfedcraalzetieia-cuormsEpoiurmni eSartaaticsseetilcapeqei.nC,t,r$auisnptiuegrlnieoulinmi ecaai rcreereeyalaocsreer de obicei se intre-
aclause o infinitate de statui antice de martnurd 9i de argint, covo.are'
dar ca podo.ab5 se
bronz, picturi rare,
instrumente muzicale de tot felul"'
lucrat ta cladirea Fi ornarea acestui palat o
optsprezece ani a conclucerea lui Laurana pi sub directa supra-
armatir cle meqteri sub
558
699
'risoJ]laJaluout rolTJorrroJ rTSBplcroolqpuloaJglaulnIniSplsgp{ur'ro1rSllaappopgutTunr ioInurorasetrnJinnsd
qns '+rrns enor16r1se3 un
-urg1 llielplul nr1uad 'g{uapnrdsun! 'r:urrrpaur 'qrn1ela1t1 'atgurSoaS i3
aTrolsr lode 'ar6o1oa+ pllnui i aJIpJqo rS rlSera;6 glns o alrc 'li3eurlpl 009
alpJ urp 'salrpoJ ap 008 adpordp +uns : +purqrn InpuoJ pzeauroJ opun
'pripJIlpA pJolorlqrg
uI rzpisB arpo:iqlJE 'asrrJsnupur eleprpualds uip
elred o;eur 13 er '1er1sgc[ e-s ]lJa]ollqrq p+srT 'af,lpJc1a t3 aurlei 'r13acerf-r
e+xa+ olrreui ulp lnJsorrnJ IJunlB acl p-to af, lol lJnluIuIIu 111 ozouJo
al ps rg lueureOrad oci sournrl oI.IJs ps er 'efuarolg EI IE EJ ouiqrn €l
'pJosprJni rlSrdor ap rJozla-rl ItLp ap 1;ozulecl ap c{rur1 'BI1E}I pleo} ur
plllsaA pJa orliaJeluot$ rnl pJolol1qTg '(clzzaind oufrntu ons [dp atzual
-aJJa Duiarclns ay assnJ Dls'anh atlc opuntnr1sa) 1e1ec{ ololeur urp !a.rd
di) IEru IJJ InlJnl npio paisoJe pJ p.uitapnl'iutl3te rS rnp nr lqopociurS
ei orpJ ad'a:re-rqo rS aur1e1 'rlieler0'rfrel ore: airpoJ IS aunq o+tp.rj
op rpLLrnLr o.i€ru un pLInpE'auo11611se3 etJJs'eleinilar{J e-Iput apeo} nJ"
p.ltllnJ op r$ eo plre op alsofierp p1e5a o uolp solrolb 1n1ep1os : ar;
"loc BIr oLlrrollr^ InI In^aio ososnJ RJ. asBl{n nu rall}opuoJ InltqoNI
ollraJo-rJlpnD uTp RspolLlourJp Ipru
rS glaic{ruoJ IEur EaJ p^rtrpJorap eredo .loIir}iaJaluotrq inleled uIp +r1Jpj
nE 'aruoJJrlod o1i;nieJnJs 'lnurlrol 'ernurrpu 'erleitl pulJJnl 'a-rel lroleis
-Jl?+ur 'rrolerorep 'uo1d1ncs : -rolirelSaur E purluoup eclnrl also alnJSor,l
u-nr.iira:\uarJn]{uPonlsraluJaBd9i0su1s1uaru6gr'IaeeAJpJEuf,In(rlrnlPs.lrpal,rou}sI'3ou: rtoqlrlrnrarruppoa}pnapJIroitI4IuioI€}
-aluow yp obrtopog lp D>auot) o slrJs e) rtrolsi iS +oocl : IltIllS IULIeA
-olD 'lnun olsa oJnp n;1uacl pzeeJJni orer rleulq-rn rilolrrcl eJltllrd 'IltIoJ
-'rnrrparpleJlel lorrlrleqlr3qenurilunepdrJnlrlnrouiqneJ]'eeJsordoirlTtpo+tot pJlJooTsl otldljrIo';1lnbarpilaugalr3peps'oepoutretluetj
-pli opolaru altou ednp 'e13ang:6nz pJSoJe : (sro,ruy uTp eto Is cler{ti;s
-seA\ upl soof pp.sipuui EcpuIIoLqIJICIIl')oJpIu]app3eIdp olsnl3 JSorI-Inu 1l iluallell eru: ai
roiricl un inl eJajoIIClIq Ia ap a]BJ1;1uos.tod
aull
elofurrl$ 13 o1a1ry nl alSeqopodrui o-tpl TIro-I ep ozzolarN i (piuarotC
'''-'plo{uzeJrelfSiJurraaJroJlclrrulollgBle1J41n1CS).rurloBura1paIs1Ideaaleuprpunezospoprrl4fa1ae3rl'rJEdrlnInIql'nglqeot,orrrz.oUnrnllrpouoptclda1ulsal1pBrpetJzdlElenJ'o)IlnnIpoJTlofo,uelJ"JnIdnadqpp'e;oa-tludntneoldtnupntrqbelrrrloeSllltoanafossulBsrp'iopl'plloezri1rplopo1altrJorauscp1truqlpJs:+pleoesJgl;lo6}o}ensolzdpfdl
uar-ooir-Jp+rs€ouiuaulJrJnlcloppIJprJ'eIlunrsinlfB1selEoanlru;qdpraonaoc:JrqJi EnepalJrgqlslaJluoplJlsErRrfoJoPSJ1'1ora1lqJol3suStlal1elaurrJpn,nut|iPp11etln34soulolJ-'rEJur-e'trretJqsuurlpnnnlpl€uJup1lulosplnJlpEplorpotTluJrpf:n,aIJt.ndiEeoldsnI'q1lqdusJrntuuttbsS1rlpaipbIspButeeruJot:J6licae1lllelrtnr1lerie€scil
'pllqlzl^ a ]putlpp rnln-rolSaru efrio
-nljlrl oJpJ Lrl 'onrpren:eg rres pJrJasrq BJrru tero u1 o13epg1c lsnsug 1;
l jrlir-rrnl BUB-{nB'I od asnzq,r 'origq;;i rr1 }nJsqu 'olneuie.rg 'o.rrc[su1 as ps
rlEOLroA luopur1n13Jcl op ti]:allrpp JpI 'unueld tS afrqrs npalal 'paunlI
-rrii pJSpoArrci gs Iuor npelnd nu puic 'tr{etrua1od 1fo1 'er1e11 plpo} u1
De'al)ldTlrepqlrDSptoar lpprSJelrreSuutau11r|e-etro1r1erudEp'eJaaspulp1aueu^tlrogJ1sopigrrnrSrlpspoprJslJBerpnpuJoeopolesIo-1r:u?rs*ppInuI Jr:-orinn.iolequJnnsnplreSe oJrropaC
pnulluol
o;aqOan
r\tili arlilti, lucrind pentru ducele Federico, llu se putea s5 nu-i
eosccnpcrlllbluoeu-iaprsrcrilsfnutneeeiiciirliize5vriuaeaia-enitz1ltneelltccuuarodhcacairhicstoiPiii.nepdrniieeuisupnpnlremorot:itdanr:coatiertaieedcnftoloteileetiacnssrlh-ectaFuiprhzpr-nrziaruzaolungdrftdcgeiottlrruerude-srbcvarp,cvunitati,o,ptppeAi(se,lrrcacnololauaatffUlnliipuliiu9cufltfaeliviivztaeisleniu9i)didanieiuebdgtrnamueve.dsear,,I^nerrnidoasairfeacttiegitrzniepiuiudneerilrilruftesduo'mietadrbilclaz,eei,sdloduieniCarnailsbedilfiefmaacc,iditzmineiuneacderotliainsnmdlpdueaiieec--l-,
contesa Battista Sforza, cu ciudatul lui profil, in care nasul nu e legat
rle frunte. Figurii energicit, de forfd concentratf,; ochi pdtrunzdtor (,,cu
oclriul lui rinic, contele vede totul", zicea papa Piu II), nas pronunlat,
buze tivite, bfirbie voluntarA ; impresie de forfd, zic, dar nu fdr[ oare-
ccoanreclositrteietrein:iecl;enpimildicd insS din pasarea de pradd ca in chipurile atitor
splendiclui Colleoni Verocchio de la Ve-
ai lui
canael v{liatarl.ieArPucileerilonagqdeienillulanrecFhgredaasnitcrneinsicnaanm(niaeudrBhariieiin,raifnadtbianaMsMoairldeaolnineoef)ui,ldcdianet9r]-aiuinnBaaprolgtrettrlaleobt,elolienn
1ui Just din Ganci. in dipticul cle la Uffizi, aldturi de chipul lui Federico,
Piero della Francesca a zulJrdvit pe sotia sa, Battista Sforza : o figurir
Iungr-riafd gi cam ;Ateleasrss5a,nrdersopSirfinodrzacudmeiniatenPiaeslai rob,linfudseetrseea
resemnat5.
Battista, fiica lui crescut5 la
.curtea unchiulli sdu, Francesco Sforza, ducele cle Milano ; era femeie
cucernicA pi cultivatd, citind 9i vorbincl latinegte, cu gustuli artistice.
Dase sofului ei gapte fete, una dupd alta ; cind nascu al optulea copii,
in sfirgit, un bdiai, inuri. Avea 25 de ani. Fiul era Guidobaldo, ducele
cu soartii tragicS.
Cind se intimpla sd nu fie r6zboaie, Federico finea curte la Urbino.
Curte strdlucitd, dar cam austeld. Nu se admiteau clecit divertismen-
teie cinstite : nici u1 exces, nici o glumb incloielnicd, nici o farsb nu
erau permise ; curte patriarhalf, li cu disciplind aproape nonastic6. ln
vremurile bune, cind stdpinui ela acas:l, se nulldrau pind ia cinci Sute
de curteui : membrii familiei, vasalii dr:celui, gentilomii 9i cavalerii
curtii, clericii, dasc5lii, artigtii, plus oaspefii in irecere 9i tinerii no-
bili din toatd Italia care veneau sd invele alta r5zboiului 9i rriafa ca-
Prestigiul de cionncltlaoltitaie.r,TdoeatoemmdaerilsetaftaEni iclilie om de treabd
\ialereasc.i. umblau sd se
ela univelsal
al clucelui
inrr:deascd cri Montefeltro. A;;a, una din fetele ciucelui, Elisabetta se
mdritd cu Roberto Malatesta, senior la Rimini ; Giovanna ia pe Cio-
vanni delia Roriere, nepottll papei Sirt IV; Costanza pe Antonetto Sar-
severino, principe de Salerno, iar Agnesina pe Fabrizio Colonna ; fiica
acestora fu vestita Vittoria Colonna, marchizd de Pescara.
In 1,482, Federico rnuri cum trdise, luptind : i;i dX sfirpitul in caste-
lu1 6s la Ferrara, comandind arnatele ligii care apdrau pe ducele Ercole
dmvsr'uEeubmslttiuteunritcaeo-tluanrtanrnaluie-fVpd-oectunnu-einaulivimieesiaicd$ducieapOcsaitAtpt-azeievif.cuiaeUrneanotnircioUu:nblupasli.nlddhuinlfai,iumcalaerjegorita-imt cll-uucceralueveiriaaprmupsaeei
560
I99 cE eleor 6fj9'i irp-c
o pq1e ps lode 'BIIe:II uJ solp lprrr Bra a+Jeuilolsleprna1.iclnl rrsnalpur,oapulenqpoppRlns3,ll]rr]
: lrerJ6ulur lreirr pnop nne 'rrrlJr:oJeu 'lnlelirod
g-g-oBrurludr1ruseBdazx;aaopafuJeIrSrr€anpIg6ioxnrIJ;sJupaee+3laaBat:ouJTJpqp'1eaJorelliFurrlrr1rrae1irnlldruRrapsrroeropunurulI-A1pnTs11ll1fln1e6lraIppgs,orlBepuIuuru1II1erefpelssruororrr,ceeapi{fuaaJl13plnss}1sporuulu,Ipnt JJpBusail4}puiglpnnllrq0Jo
aa1uatq1dgaropdole3rspaepf,ur-!aJJpooruplr6Fueneluqplolo.ral qISo dBc ad I rreurn aci per a;ec i6un1
'ostl1rls aznq 'glefunuord
pliBd a
al-lI1'udpnnlJque1lprfroren'p.p1;rseqqatuaque]n'drot;ieelslEargrJueOo-dlIJeuJn'qBoalIloloIeatIpnrnpuleuulu3alInIarn-JIurlddIBSJaIulnrr-Uddrrrldlsnns1asnsrlB;naqorJq$rJae1n'l{p6rsrle1usrlulpeqqano)lofs1neraafer,sopqpl3e'lppaaup(J:rsrl6pprunopa^rJuuaJaanfuri'RsprlfpspJiiuuurJasrao]nrpaisglnauppaJlJIpparnlJacoaIerporpu'luEr)':pronrq]1Judp1sulpua'le1urr6ure{rdnu1unpnnJnI'lnfq'rai+aaolI1r]rsl$r'elcdul1llno1el.d-Iourpnru.rdr}rqlRnuEuo:f}l]l
-ecl u3'eluarold BI Bapal urelnd 11 actroul.rd :Ilf,lJoJou In:lsoo€ indlq3
'rr niinr leor;11uorl e1 ieflpus purr{ 'ru.rluar",r"rrtr"5rl3,]"ft"rtii,1t"1#r"r"J'i:i tffil"T
-a1y ioded Inlrlnras ug lode 'opuerrod ;3 osuo;1y 'rnlnlodeag roliDar inrrlAras u!
rri.rpuor olltrsulr nc p1dn1 as 'dnrl ap Aeuloq ISoC 'gol op lBrulls 'olplluurap arpu!
'nal!clrluupn!alrrlonnllttrnnrd-snppauup.rrnpofJellrrdp'sslorpfp,ollrrlpoeulqnBroJepqalrlpo/etdrainsrsraBollprlpBooursD!af,1pa( ldusoJ'rrlq1fgurrlprl srnuteur lrneorupoIJlnaIpllrl1unnol[aeql:nuIcSr
-Iplrr BaJ
plpre os
plepoleru
alallnul alrnlrplu nBls : palnqzl l-nu J.rIII.ru '.iJiur nps rrBtu ala or; 'eadocu3 oJ Un.rJntr
ollEIoIaJ ur rS Bc aturp uI 'sullrrlou InlaIFs rS pldeolafu; eolulru polp pJ alpol n.l
rS I BoJop oJ pool rutldurS as I lroarur llJul pJroJuI oJ lotr uJ elru,rlrlod ap psp nI
II Blreos 'l!le nr pllurnllnuaN 'polrqJs 13 6ua1aq oserupr g.rndnrl alnlpJ ourq lptu ig
ospourinrl IBur alol uTp Inun io;1se rS atrSIu as ps !l.ru oreolrld rrl Dols ps rrlu nlnd
IeIu nu llcuI alarplnppw Inlurl r! 'ocorle Uarnp uI I-npulnurqr 'arec 916epod ap
Apuloq nzpJ 'iup ap if,ozpnop sullp rI ps oprnD olarnp EJ olurpul : so1.roi6 ap pgp
lndorug un BI allratrnd e1eo1 uip 1ai:lodtul os 'alntrrl^ u1r1e ad pSBurs.rd. 'elreos reg
'nIJ op IoJlsB Inun oralSBu lep Il ps pra
arlsnll aleldey arluip pJ nBapaJJ lluauteo gplpcurBu$o;BsuIlro-rlplrrnu iuBauJroo)ru.rnopBodI Inla)np ofp
ap plads s
slmrad Ero llJap llnru lpru auls a:dsep ullruord ps nda;u; 'orpolTurrn lrurod nc
'pippu! : auraled airlnl.I,Il 13 'in1e1s nJ Plepo 'Baual$our ec nrgd oplBqopinD"
: euori6rlseJ ngs In;rrue ad ugllncse FS "nrr
-I'oo-gnInludlrcrpor[onrqcu.Js-.lrarra1pf'rIlrpBBa-praprrnJJlpreprrua-]rruppaaollprlupqJolaoillraflrpIu-pnuIuJnrIIaIlJ+iuRR'IeollJprpcsrrInallp]llppopelrupurellprpsapnr]alJfIurlpazunrouIu+allrIapIp:)B'a1aJun.olr'er[oe-epoIopod1plpue-uunq1apn$uolrdDopp'sBclJan6tIllDpaB-lurizlr1op]uIurntourpuDplseJnpplB'ri]fluIoloptuurplarrtspoolqu.apppplrlsPotIqlSl'qlnnalon$sizlfpLau-risrrnnL;o[1sBus
VCVZNOC
VJggYSiTE iS OUJTSdSTNOIAI UC OOTVSO]OiN*
AI
solie exemplard, una clin principesele Renaqterii nnanim adrniratd si
r,eneratd. La riirsta cle gaisprezece ani se cirsdtorise cu Elisabelia, fiica
marchizului cle N4antova, Feclerico Gonzaga. Elisabetta era clr t1n al]
:nai mare ca ducele. inaltd qi subtire, cu sbndtatea ve$nic gubredei,
imprdgtia o gralie ciireia nimetri din cei ce au. apropiat-o u-a ritrnas itl-
sensibil i cultivath pi lnieligentS, sr,rb aparenfa ei blincld 5i dolentii ar,ea
o tiirie de caracter care nu s-a cleznrinlit nici in cele mai mari calarni-
ttifi, iar priritatea gi demnitatea vietrii au i6sat-o pildii cle r,irtutri feini-
nine. pi11 capui locului se ndscu o aclincii afecfiune intre tinerii soli, care
clurd netulburat.l, ba incii intdritir lrrin grelele incercdri la care furai
supuqi. Chsdtorie sterild : cu Griidobalclo se stinge linia legitiml a
N{ontefeltrilor. Coniemporanii spnn gi mai muli : cdsdtoria n-a fost
c.lsirtorie. \tttlti vorbesc despre ,,perpetua vdduvie" a ducesei, chiar in
timpul vietii ducelui. Aga intr-un loc clin Cortegiano, Casiigtlioner care
era Lln intim al N{ontefeltrilor, lasii pe Cesare Conzaga sI se exprirrre
saersitfneoi,aisntrietr,eczaernetatrciilnucdesceiin:cis,,pNruezpcocte trece sub l..Icere o r.orbri a
sofului ca DtLce-
ani in toviir5$ia
o r-A-
ciui'ir, nu numai a rimas statornicii a nu ciescoperi nirn5nui aceasta,
ciar fjincl iilpinsir chiar cle ai sdi si iasd din aceast.l r'iclur,ie, prelerei
sd snltorte exilul, sdrircja gi toate nefericirile clecit sd primeasc.l ceea ce
tnturor pdrea o mare grafie 5i prosperitate cle noroc." Ducesa insh i-a
tiiat vorba Fi l-a ruqat sd r,-orbeascil cle altele... Pietro Rerabo in
Paneqiricul ce publicl dupd rnoartea cluceltii e ;i mai pulin reticent
sji cum scria pe latine;te spure lucrut'ilor ciestul de cruci. La curtea clin
I.rJriuo se toptea ci tutorul clncelui, contele Ubalclini, ii f&cuse oare-
care farrnece ca sir riiminii fdri"r posteritate: Rembo por.esieste si
pnne in qura lui Gtiiclobalclo credinla cd ar fi fost intr-acler-dr
aceasta 5i acuze pe lJbalciini. \rom veclea ce profit a
fermecat, dar fi"rril sX
tras Cesare Borgia din acesie zr,onuri. Docurnenlele insd se contrazic"
{feri}ril e de indiscretS istoria care intrir in ce1e mai secrete intirli-
irifi.) Luzio $i Renier in Manlovrt e {Jt:binr.t (L. Roux, Torino-Rorna, 1B{}3,
p. 30 qi urm,) au publicat scrisorile ciitre marchizui de N4antova ale
irrsolitorilor Elisai:ettei in cilirtor.ia ei de nunt6. ta Llrbino: ace"cli6 6fl;-
nrir, cu oarecare amirnunte, ,,consllmarea" matrjmonir.rlui. ln acel tirnp
cie inclisolul;ilitate a cisdtoriei se fiicea nlare caz rle acest 1ucru, siu-
gurul care o ,,perfectai", iar in clocunentele epocii, cincl e vorba de
cirsiitorii priuciare, qiisiin precizintri care astirzi apar indiscre're clacir
nn incieceir'Le. Capilupo, seeretanil marchizului Gonzaqa, trimile lunqi
rapoarte asuilra cirliitoriei tiuerei priircipese, asullra 1;rimirii ia l.lrbino,
aasvueparuaasccerrb;iii'rsripioerccialelisrtirirnintS.fix-a;\rsehcorloccla;itieulorrbiinniap{oi r-ianetet ce mare roi
Stiut rriala princi-
din
tlsrinciliroiirerL,rClrlucapiptrt"iclrnec.pofoni,njpueenrinci firisurolnlciilocenrasausuirrnctaorlrtoeratir-acpiiansli.eltisomersipeerier,iiucoenei zacilacpelroeiamnopircartcecleieipnndtrfatoat.t1ai;,e.
lr{antor.'atrul interr;e:ri 5i convinse pe astrologi cir-gi cyreqiserl socote-
lile... l)r:sie cile'"'a zile, Capiiripo scria marchizului cii,,ieri seara ducesel
sc {{cl(rrlll.){igllo Cu c}ucele... erzi climinea}d std ruginatai toaiii gi nu in-
(lra:f.r:.sie si lrri',"eascir pe nimeni in falii". De altti parte, Ginevra de
Fartti, rlt'irsro.tiuitcc'reaiere,aclaErlis'paubcelicttiei ia, rriaapuogritte: a,,zcdirc5ai ea ci"r
clucesa ,se accoll,-
i;(i.tn;.\ questc
iton sclir;arb altre
56:
t9g
to-lua??isJrEd,Ilr*rpJoil.aarqlialipllrpsnrIJ'lpllnl"nJrJqsrliucaJndusale'saroiieoD}se1leapln1lf:Pl l{sijsoiiJsI'oPI,trrtiinro?o1i1lpp1te,'{I\-aeel3lE.ll[}lll1Lzrul,ai.lipfla.sIlipJlgdi-i''lt-'utoon:lJsioroultlli
-a1 e rS e;.rolrjeqrecl eeunrllage afi11!rr cs erl$ orTrci"rrl oll €s3JnG
';o1rf ec1.ir;c1 olaurnli:
"rlplasz:iirreq,i,a?ali:ernluprr{liilrnilqoI'sencusdi ie)'}elleanlrJlppapuro"ua-unlreBlraJJraaaDp..rrutljrluoin?rcfdJ,idspausr'auillAlorersa{rrlz-SZ{alsrll-cuglorIto-1rrlilofu)ttJ'esd'.croaloup"lr1ealrnprioi'dlJdolaLollLr-pir'p"etre'utrio*uaeuaglllp-aiooJcollzri.tutnotps'{Ill
-ri r-usJ rrel:nd ta necepnf aJ p{)a; ap tfeztleplie:s }]tase}l)le os ILIpnIor
Jopo',,i-Lt+rqrqsRrootqfruc,J'aplfIaDJrFJLuP)ELnLSrrdllollulPJBrrprrIrlJo"pJI''pPislJlaSnpepA:rJrs-aeeIna1raqpJraqap{BrruSupInIloclIunsllsoSlaaglirpr,uullSisan{laliral3sis"lt'pciiotliI:i.sPllllTLo]YL\2soIrLlLna1ulu1ppieltsglut\billlenirclonletlllnlturplliaoedlJadlsaztr'{aoap{E'JulJeSorlsliIlJnfIaeaDisdzr}ltrPqo{i3luSlJirpIinpJollIIlDI'rt1JII
--'I1pLdudrsr.srrRn:a\rnllrs3piEJaersJauapnnJ1Inur6pp'aJeeullros'Jelnurarboiplila-eirrc31:la3nrlueSpeasaprui1anntcD;rliftri1Resplalure$u1lfl'agIt1upeanlt1lrctcrll.lelip?3'snaazellztePlaSolpPlaul:nlua:tfeu;rol'Jpp1fr1D,irt6.ulIltlieiss'oaae{pl3reoiputo.slluepnoo:lyei-Jfrli
tg*-nrar.nr1r1oolgrurpolp'fr3rrnpsrnrrl0.pruilre)plpuero.uIrupsrrEsrauraepleslouJla;puiraJoJlClp:sc'Aupl'R+ocIplnn'ucrpuullplqnlJtpulsJuolpp1clSp€aap'ppu{pnln'peLdfuus'prdatrSo3Iricto'iJirn:tnplu'ti0ritiprjtlslnulaasstuptoslrr]lPL:P6tlI1aIpqtruezolrllluoc:aJdlaricle;ued€1S'ol'tnaptogul1e;p*cuaptiorlJnupolac{nI(l1ulllpqtDosor
io1lslJsuuarsJuu'laej rrj1dpro:IlnclplluuB]1Jao'lesulnn'rlrsnJo6'Jrllspqaop6uo'(1l2t1{op;1ourooc.iltse'oa31.recr1t:uont6rePrroalturt&6niilPslltsJtRongl+P'aea1zr\eppttn'osLJIIIoeerp\fJaPeulz€ruoool3scl
a-'esluru03Ian1luusEea1rpD4)aineil1ap:solalerJupnrapaiurefnurq;.rerr:rr1q6eJo1Iu1lon1pllIrza'IojrJpdj-n]pllD-rslipTolno1ucl 1llpl1lnJouiTcrll,'cIrIy1Ipntl*aPrzUopuOaetcqul arIolapufs,norI-r!IlosJoooqrl
-ruag Jpr ',,DLLrroy lnredns sDap lJsotrlto! )aDq" atrJS ouoII0rlsc3 'DuI.ISs'Il
-Iaq -r?irlJ 'r-rsilournrJ gurel:o.td
o rttp,toclrualttotr t.IolpltLupl? lSetary
ou-DsnJt.r'reLoulrtaPalDza"nobo.tarnuc,ql,lr"lpsl'slsrpra;pclInzuIellrlpsallLrIqIruIuJaIrsll{au.sIlDPItoIlusp'{angnI1JIcpcellt:lrup'szannIrn:rsl-LIu:u-uttsbuaarpIutOfceslt);trtnplupu)iDoatslPDcUasLIUpuLorttlel'Jr'JDla)sOtlouqoasutlaItl3atl'atftPlncortlncJSlllPor11rlocdc1ll
.alrpoJ aJoA Ba,\e esacnp) aJuaLIDt abazuctp Dlla{nstig ap rur}Ei aiuels
qsoli-apel'np{Jlr\psssaruaapanrrrpalI;faoelseer.prareaudoraltnru,-pLrclrenengtu;rl)ansJrogdf,-utsr$lpcoIelarsuJnnoorBprtl)rlnIud'npp,ax,uloadlIlt3EJt1aopIIun1Id-plrst*Iaraoaul arapp;tuIrepprpoliIll}I:auIu-I1irpa'3ap1s"rneg'Joiu.s1orPn1rl':li-'ltJJasllo-te]s11laa-Psr-aule{Saa-o3ITt1eprErl-lcleirAonnl.B'tie:o'J{Pallns1Jp}lePsnlu}cOlpnlTRl]usSn'sregPtosp.toaIunoala31Jasal:praptsieudl-Jr.snnoeIoluubJl;l
nalupJ'IaltsrpaiJoncplurroolultofnr lrtrt1lSn311nillleiealslttat?l op rS.rep'11|rn: rIJPIIlurpJ op IPtuntI
rolapnei Inrof, lueuorserdrur
E
'pJof,E
oo-:€pprauleJ.lqrrniiop;niptsteTrainlldotDtplegogrsorJgddcBpr)usoauIusllupp1otnufrrI1p1$tafaorpS1'lsc:1okruu:JleerllI0gJ'rZc.aItpsoaattpr:un3n1€rA;fl{s1P-r1IOiPAe1'l,pl,AuFo1}'lPslaaasculltlluno'p,qrp,e,rpuarI11^donaqpplPelnroAraed"ll6oq{lOt:nl:tzeepgtdezl
dsqc$l)ooielLeLilrer:ciqlaleteailrt,,insoerii.nllelccftiaroceiieirngcctceiiittlurrilani,ectrsailttlcjtureamlelcreeuetlilpitecsrlirrimcn;ue1cipr.oirprMeci6eriaLstenenrrit'toii.,alStvcettaearecifatlncolnecrore.esaPlocuvbeugeltrliariigue,JlcSaluiActfirrliudelsecrueielmf-oeseriprneircce.ilne5tAt,nsmcEuaiil1nvplrecrelolrrroraacLr'np'iartedee-
&nrrernesltao€laclau1lrumi ncicilreiuscntrutiilgfcurnlretilneinocavlseieepfdiSirCtalortieSr oznIiiulnsiilcrenep.pleeArmm9iiintaecfaleouCutiutroOntadtslemea,dnirnnauac:azSrileeelmie;;uicifpat"orte--
c!l1(irbt*tspfic':Ju,eiio:rroiernitiuornicmurfa"urltn,otiuieirapiorep;a'icittrbilfaseaaer.crgipct.ug,gurilieiitirraerinrueeiil.torm,iiaoiarlsiinaNoAe,clacnot,saallmurmf,aaar"odurirtlcs;eiameaneiniliNp;aeritpc5anf:ecpc,{ill,cb,reinolai1fecetilIeraiuini[eslntser]pclia;attralntaolarplLifeoccimviieE-elritlaoeaalileb1rolcArpir.piaulsbri.naolpenelManaloi,c,erarl,ldpohii,gtAeanileVuoii;a,cxniapmurtnnlilcaptitte.tmuaieao,eevaciqu,:i,cstvoroneicrdbt,.aiecnsasmioctseofevpvelilruiviceeeitivccrdrdsccorrlidpeacoteslalarueus9aaraoiuapremializmemspaiaoliide,ie\oaltmrrpeafubecc,einaicucipauilriria,"eialmllieranesa.\eos'trsauicdufrrceCiel.Pcrioiireracmnni-ueiaioteiai)jnilvrssberratstfmeraSicieeoiretblzdhdi,baaiidetrninetiel,estigpeaitensgmpted;cs.ttceoiiSliaaialdribDaaan1ui,erfiiucvr,acrlaiolevtUuaisahoocrpas,mmdiraeacesuzdSbncaulrbtuiruitiiee[irfsrl-nitsllmercgucoIeriofs5clihriiliaptsen,nea,etiicAsszlsbamactoaiifnimaliedrelicruitulratolteiluuatlepiieaiegal-i-tlii
il$ccieeVc"norea;airee.rae.rsnz'c\eat{lppieialaeieieilizsrniiini,iatit,iliiteuoia,cero1laavaclir.-nlngauiae-egr,cs1l,iau1atiuGp'ri5ilnldtnunaca0aLm,urxr2lpiceed".uootfa.rlclcgcl,naTlodsioletcopoibelcejiraiitulltuel:deedlircrimeieinIiuoscscpczleapoabnrai,batuereeaiediru5iraitv;ulenliuifececniaiigniineiunr,mistlaltciolaiasvrnlien.roiaisslFrrtete'lnuaaeI,eeior,slperptsirirtiiirmet,fnrGiecianrsnfcaaremocuoip.tiain:,pmelrrPiz,eentmcaerisuonaelagaenmtovcii'tloeletiodeba.aanrceelvirqcdatloeieeuimszsrXrf9iiiri,cnttuueaiociglbnmaaarane5erutgpllarnocasaiiluunniuerr,tUncnm{mdceotpbr5raiabrgei61eeeitnn5r-LL.srri,air1tolee"t"oe1rou'-'i--'
riile. bucesa fusese cle mai multe ori la Roma, unde ctiutase sA atlag5
$g€si:-ariireebipticrie}reeatatIsadsccraorerebnipacestllttisrarcioln.eocflsuTerecliunrrmeiec,arldaezi iVlVlqeviei{tecandlzneeoetfordiuavefieascemfed:lateas,i,rdp,ed,rpvicinaviotidnmcmddipteellcureadcutvllrmSiuigntbroliiiorI6ainsapoacciri,dietntpiitfeidRultrcrmojeuomecrn,i'uai'fn.a"r'i'ni,i,frepilri.ubIlEeseral'ine--
t;i"*ii:relenas5cvsaausrcroaphrisir1nn55cbp0lete2lir,mead,ieunirpfnt,tdtllrnq-inoitroXssaceIrocaaaerr6irebeacailvemdiiieaiaeiliasmdfivuergeltlniaftiuelPlfibioaluer,trioctaieu:tlneeai"cedos,oleosui6cai lvuvpusarierndlsicieridprauieiprsesiei--t
rg"{stilogiueen]riurcbnrvllri,rtuni:icfb"ouiaugoellcarpliarorat.$rilenliCepti'erpiil5anpscicteelcceuiirceneutcoirilbnBtaecpissri8iAeeasarreeilzcdzai,?zleoi6nUiisanoncaXVauiniattLcl]neeeinunsim1atrisrandeeiud;dlbcuGeeri.irulpueAidascoetlerubusaaitarlcdCt,Jiolerealdsriearuiearriateai,6tilnSidduoctercriugierpieliaeen*'
564
999
e*s*1n1{n;(ls-.'r:")ii,inrdfrl".ssrcoprls{l'ueprpd-saencsprloiJacplp'loospuaorpliovcl,il-\lr'o,er\Lrirrr6urp"r5rdao1^gerpf lrerI$nIX1enca:JricrrArigloo'rarp6nltnriausTrredu,outreprnlu:pe6rer$u\do'11}1'nr1ci1et2oJaoz0s-{arqrRauSpotrfoeIInlggozJtrRrqE1lJp.,rpJ,pa"lnroRr{ss;
r ouelrl/{ DI rlunle acl elgr: as rafuer4 o1a6'a6'oplpqoplnD ad eulur aund
g.nii",c1 r1 nil ps ; rcclr:c[ 1nr1 u1or6a.r nr]nl uil'rlJod ards rf eiuo6 t;lds
"rriie; op otils ad ayetlgrnl 'ealrrurrl oI I3 'glecnp BJa:lorlqlq Arsnitrui
'onrclrn ei ap rn1n1e1ec[ alrrii:Doq urngoI ur0rog 'elseoJe Eouro]A ul
tugnfiJ,trr."a{ritzlns'rlrlu.urerlafdr,}re"tirs;epnop,,jloilrJP'0e+{otrlap]1-"nrrp.dRropJE3-Asieu.lLpprcrlrpsajJslpTaaJ-rrJOdunrIoI,l,Iin'"S"{eJ:1s'ro(1{oei:u;u0nqln-eq:cJsIirrnilJafgiJaL)e.Lo1rqr1npsrnjral1ur6ruzBngrJgusrdi$aaiuczapotrsqqeraJ1leso-nnlfp;[iJeoraltrrpgpuAElndr.rJpropu(,n{uiirJaloarg,nTrpa!
r;olrrci nr{ alpJ'urbrog plzo.rJnT rS alsa nps Inloie.rJ Errrolal ap gleu6rpur
p1*liilirriea;op:nep$rerl,a'p-rJ;,Drtrir'ouirJrrsup6oo-+ullJosporurnn3tuIJrl$ser-euriar unluq rpui lI3uI Rsatnp eil
IJIrr lloul llBJarnpu3
{s rlT,lldpz 'liiupr ap uSe suuri?-r uie 'rrp[eurlrcl lreru ut:d efer.n ledp:s
e-Ts aul{rpruJplboBuilrroscols+p13pso-rr-]rrco1rreg1:'rafap.r1In7l1ng}pr Jnnrplepcl Ipurnu nf, JnlaJnp e auocl
araprard ulrnrbalau
.nt$ 13 e1e1
-dalleou os-nixr11c[r-i-LiiLr! Jp(J 'r?J]seo6 eI"IoJuaS ocl 13 ruene ps pJ]spou
pLlr.{oll'ongcpn ap rposrosf,unapdnluro'rif{tuarnpflpnJuprIS1$a1lfei1sS1ula11l
Erl.infrlq o,rcls tprrrntr u,r11: op utp.Ig" ;
{o;-irr.i u1) r,.ru clrLrl
**--Err-o?-irrrr.illrli]o)1.rs1spiJptlrop'prl-r.r,lnJ\oSlBluprBrplIslItso4r(rlI-lE-prSsIIIaunpsrlzo6n.rr:pqloJglanJsBpInuIr1JIaEruiEdtolaL6uS,'pyru'e$"rupIerj'uniefppboUJeuIzol1su,$otopaDeouacrroctrJuq'sgaado.tlpo'upi,estfoeJoudgprplnaliRaalspspuIPlInfrn,BlplrJnluBJi
qlur"rcl nJ iarpliLJrnnp'err[lrr[rua1r-\r€d6auun1u1rru3rr31ttslrcul1poJsupnullJea'al+lo'eselnlc3leoe]rpi ot:S] op puJdPOS TE
;-'ni-riir3np Bntz purrplp;
qt*r:nifr1l-urp-ril.r.i,r,r1allrrrr;B! olirlll'spTolrl,{l\ospuorrJplp.o'IInTnnJrlLlenIsf,lJuunInJJrEroliJ:IIBr-raAoJBst$Joropoeltrti1ne6F'reoeug6o1,lnreouogesruaa$Jrdunppsr',Cua.uraaepzlrstofo.gtlpUdu1sr1oradpp
d;rJsp:i,itl(ri-oiopliIonu)a'1,\roo1lrsLqrcltlrsua:sorcful laerrlcglurr3'p.erot6uroargclIsnpiJIsBpoIJupolRuIfB, oRsg*lJlrrirnoltedsIJpluloa{p{
-.rrrln1orcl i a:Ierpi nplo oof uug erds alrJntunrp a1€o1 : psJnJ o-rlrl5 pJ
ppLrr"rcl l-ps EJ olrrnserr olpol asuni aresa3 rp6 'nlpase 6un1 un ourf
-sns 1:ieocl ps Llopoj J oirur.r '.ro1r"tlloJa]uotrAl e otnfgloc BIIqBpIruJoJ 'oaJ
rro.rorr.u.illr5s.i\lauan.crlrcn1riisrl.'oril:0uRn1n1cltcr1lB.e'rrnla:upli3u1peLrr1r-;1pI -1rueEs1cpi6zJu,o-rrorrplgSpoetIprrJllpnpilsldlpaooJ'TuJrplrolcSn'outBu$rlrrrauqr1orr6riuee11nf.iJ4pa$olBuliJ1uus1.larlJroJBurnizrpuapJC-ldrpn'lrmnrIrAtogi fulPerlpUepaBlrJcSctfePe1sa:l
+s{F'a-5op-ir,1,{-re11isr{.p1pnr'Tu.lrsotplre{rc.0srIcuilpp,orlrelupoloc1reglrigrrnrcrSnPe,iqrI-'JioJrrounlarl.fiuTlitirJrauAruaolCryr,llIrnla'ceelupol1u1secoJplrs.1e1eSroprlnlursaeooin;cose'rJloc.oroallceolo-]sl.rn,rrfrJo}rfoui-olnnlrg!osrltrngiornprllJi}plic?oElrpoirzesroppi)tlpi]s-lrlto{polnJutrqpon]qrEelf€opasr'tpsppbI{pIlJngpoJoeDJstrIpsJae'-pasosprJednJisrJuf,orRBnee'oriJirrdrppndfs1lf1ueI3I:gSicao€o1l'fdpeo,up}pJuuanr1oJqnt]nAeprgr}uTpJlpBar1rrrpunxl.a:1}iil
-pgSSutiu'frrrtt:lratnruasr'.errgou6prorpr1norr-ogIefi'z1ereup'opnrngo6trp'o'entzrrrou-6roaerRu4le'pr3rorlr'uurnprblnJni'o-or,arcu4l sppouo4rusrppaoIsrooJpslnnJcnlTpp'rs.orrlie.na1ep1tgu:ruiFar laaed0s
D€ Cesare nai bine ca pe cei deposedafi, care stipt nevoifi sd plece
zitele de la Milano, indignat de rnigeliile
't\t."'awllecnotinntueltnlif,i.seGolirnuzcalagsae, in ria mintui el Itaiia, in luptti clreaptd
cI cle acest
tr-b.liitor. Regele care nu \rroia ,,istorii" la curtea lui ii impac6, clar mar'
chiza Isabe[a rimine insp6irnintati"t de impruden{a sofului ei.
tIibr;alireriiie"satirotaiaaBitbs,soe,Xa,rstpgturtaediafnppiatainrnrpfuuouafisln,rtelfeieouccngscohutihnitnaimsirlprantluinirnaisliat5silairleIdtflitaauiraitcgncmacuortaalinuert,elcr,zurial1eliixnnsocdacbndi[e,ajsupriAlollerulsnobi-"irizaiinangr:ooflF.GuinrLuiidatieucanClgl{touaidbti;"couta,ilcloitcieab'lcpo.areoDlsdCna-oeetarisfrcaifaciucfraieodElrifoadlliscrsritctatutfu-t-i;
caztti {ne-o spune olatorlri r.r:nefiatt la Rona, Giustlnian), ins6
dia,.r fri zEclsrnicii mai
totrrl cle impotriVirea clirzil a clucesei. Precurn sirnnea
iirziu Alexandtu VI aceluiagi ambasador \:eneliart, 15uclincl tdria Elisa-
itettei : ,,lnai curittcl \/roia si-l aibd ca frate /pe Griiclobaldo/ decit sH-l
re1:udieze ca sol" (Papa ins6, clui;t"t obiceiul lui, minfea cind spunea_lli
Cinstinian cb propunerea preofiei vetlise cle la Guidobaldo. Cf. Djs-
trtrt,:ci di Giustinian, l, p. 280).
Tare pe infelegerea ltti cu regele Franfei, Cesare 5i tat6l sdu, papa,
inierziserd lui Gonzag;a sd lnai ad[llosleascii pe curl natul sbu la Man-
rdtao.seiri*rr.ldaell1r;:ai,asGrpueuuciiclnseiioilnojcc:r.al,1lcdsnieoLr1r,se\,rvefriuearga!eaiessde51-un1actlVpelidteiurngiiseiae,fiaarcs.afciEisii,lini'stcanhmbuieaatriatacllnrlelaalugraedr\rpfuriorrisrgi adsiaedmjdbsoioeearrdgdfeiirasraSnprandrtinotE9--i
cloi la s1titai". \'euefia era atrLnci iccul cle relucliil , cum noteazd Sanuclo,
llturor seiriorilor izgonifi cle clrrcele \,Ialeutino". Senioria primeSte
c",uai cinste pe {uqar, ii
dir iocuinfd Si subsidii : palla se plinge de os-pi-
taiitatea acordatS, clar Seuiotia i1 lasir st"r se pling5, bucuroasb sd dis-
griacd ac€stui pontifice pe care-1 clisprefriia.
lspreivile luj Borctia puseserS pe ginduri alit pe condottierii ltti cit
$i pe inicii tilani clin Italia central6 pe care-i alnellinla: se adunari cu
totii la N4aglione, pe ma1ul lacllui Trasirnen Pi fdcurir
o coalitie ,,ca
si-r iru fie sfiliati pe rinci cle balaur". 11 r'remea asta, Sau Leo, apoi
I-hbino si in urmd tot ducatul, ritrras creclinclos Montefeitrilor, se
rlzrrrdti contra oamenilor Vaientinului, izgoniuclu-i orj ucig;inciu-i. Gui-
elol;aldo, cle abia cle o lund ta Venefia, ciipS ;i plec6
nL1 $oviri o s5-9i
reia s15pii-ririle. Supu;;ii lui impreunb cu confeclera{ii cle la N{agione lrtp-
talt prelutindeni cu bandele itorg,Jierte. Cesare ;tia insd sd manerrreze'
Ajutat cu trupe cie rec{ele Fran}ei, incepu sd neqocieze cu rdzvr6-
tilii. Tocmai in acel tirnp, Machiavelli era trirnis cle Floren{a pe ling6
\-aien'iiir : Secretarul florentin a urrrSrit de aproalle, zi cL1 zi, erteni-
:rcntele;i a l5sat o relafie uepieritoare a celor petrecute' Totul s-a
sfirSit priit faimoasa cursd intinsh cle Cesare conclottierilor: i-a adutrat
lre toti la Sinigaglia, i-a prins qi i-a ucis. Acesta e faimosnl bellisinto
,ingctnno eternizat de N{achiarrelli. Dupd clislrugerea confecleraiilor, Gui-
rtobalclo se r'6zu r&nas singur:, c1-l papa si regele Franlei impotrirra
!r.ri, cu Fiorenla;i \renefia neinclrilzuincl si-i sar."r in ajutor. inainte cle
Sinigaglia. Cesare inceprLse sI negocieze pi cu el : ii oferea, ca sE se
r-'.'iracJi rie lruni r-oie clin Lirbino, San I-eo $i alte citeva cetd{i' D-.tod
Sinigaglia r:u lilai ltutea arrea nici o incredere iri crir,-intul asupritoruiui
atro
199
nru-Jounuls'r1$p1ni1lRIaanSrpleorl+lqr-nlJlplpp].atlrp.lp\pj+oLa,rprfra,por.-zrlildppnJooionurliplrlpla',Tor1ncjglepJ;i'lip6nouppsni;rlanzuprd1caelaolqrsrrcnrl'ozenalL-rurpr:n)oarr,erlIe'arl"adscuel,roiipFapuorloir3ugealoarJnJrrcslDsuSanruJlpnlcllsirug,Tliri
alBI::i;9ou'unras1lu.nu-Erliro1rBorlcuuu}ssulllulrRsronrJrslJerrsJploll.ipejrrouell:icoon.I;l'uer[eulnispeoJielnuopaJo1spa5arJJplLprdutsppnr]nEuc+oprrzrorl-tlSrIpronearn.opll{cadec;l'l[nLlplrr;IsIensfru+ppqnnraitro]rrDlalJolsrpnereJln-po}gSorprrJJanntprsrlr'ep,3-qJ,iaaEorIrrpluI:ll+paq,,leusIor1unuspoJ'rIoos1rrJolnnppnd,lr6orJrrp,lnr6rrdn(scrri1sDnuenclll[spo)elAloIserfdr/uaas3'auooUr-Jnelrrs]ut.teior1lolnpalpiaIBqlrpIonorllcrnlrr,lLUe,nslllp1llelIpprnTr1I,sr"y'.eIrcrape'ra;yo1nlIraoWalrnunlsrselloliu]r3Jna1ea,pauol1Ensaco]r1c,11pxryruuIt1t3,aquyrlroa:snaal7ntoinn.ppnguDr6r{J]looarrrroxraulc,rnuprDureJodlou1oJosJls16uo1l+sapabaemrul,oo1q1pp-pluT],ireeeurltsaloauocraqsoIotralscsgtr,pran:qogrerlEorsg1rarcoloai]lup)!.ij]oIl,sgararnrl,iis^q,;pn1tqrJtn.paDrl".reocgirfrlnllinsuqr}plnnoiir"aa"ritjsiBs,uigsl]lsi,,jrtl
r-po-eoalJrlp1rpuqyopJ'grlt-elucIcpie1lpse3c+csp1rlraajp:;c.SJ\rleBSodalogas?egriBceaDocllrriropaoago:opIurrpplcJJoloooutJpurrlrnsaarnps3crllpre.1rrqola,^n,gIz1uS,ldasupassrlz3pJp1aapruJql1pnpaupsaaysraqe1rrt1r'pger6spgapaaptsdleelBsJu.arunpAEa6rErrnJi,napBnctjrtpu^BuJo1IurnJnrol,1l,xn,ieegt;pnrgieururaEnolxrsg!
pr npara.rlact as ea1sarltr 'rnlobop przsparnloleuc,ng1re"s?u18stinlsifpiHug:d':p?li:erqt#et1iiel1;,
pJ 'aLraJS alseJe o+po1 rilD.r6 uI
rS
gu+-''iloeelEocrslclppla1:caa;lulpatspoenpaJ1f;las1iaea.-n\ni,sn31rpsoaeuocr6gulu[o0trnrourprcp|pel1'oaJ1earsrcorep1ol^ol0slslaprlnpi1Dlrl3lfJJ3o,leInqn-'lal'Tna:-ol;lB6leerJeru1u,lr.'rdrtoaco-ePrsl6udanurrLpnnlplrJulpleulsIaJr,JnecVEelulruue''an'eacltdisoraIlosSar1r{aa-puarlosnpaIaul'Irr,ninLlpu1qln'leeqariR0lRllrrJerJsJuuarrlaiaprs1oro,uruJ.lgauolnlrpppiapiolprloaasisorrqcorE{LtirsSrliil
uJ lespl oTJ ps iltnn,rocl asrurlr] ertoruas noISgurqi: Ieragsnapcrllsrnrrdr*nsruanorJ.rid^e1ae1oc,tirnao1sl'JaesJpnls;i
anrq eard aieocl os 1 ulo lsace ad JSorinJ
ocl etricl ealsounr rs
ul snd 'oplpqoplnD
'n-r'-uo-pn-''p'ppr,1pseae,,aasnusJ1arq,;o]loipdrr.nurn.o.r]irp{a'rN:1ariI:S1}ripT{ta.lsco-BrrrirnJilnr-6liBleelr'lo}lopaaoilrIrlSl+qrr1ar1n1Lrtoeo'sr,Iou;1rgua-.rugc.arlrIr)pirsSri-ardepen.uarl;*ri1gaa6lsuoarnnr1rJcElpns,lpzolleEDlq1.egre'i,-nOere,ralrills{ce'enilaa'nrlr*a{pl1l.c'1inrura3rlispzolep|aa,rrla'lerleepno'lr:'Irceespa,rn-rslJ,urifsllfilaloprir?luerrpnzsoo1alrptlaenrnt;squ€,Jl?raserrr1oauo.vaorrl;orrr<slnrnlpSollodiagrp'uslr2l{Trl'1-sJ1naro1un,piaa.l3rlrieooDrnao-nlr,eri.lrs\purd;rlnr'^lnpesle6.oplolrrpopupoaelr]tluuJuorpnualppnc]JlapanllcorlarJlpi:ne-Jlpdn|l.rasrpuf;ricroo,)teaapopspllauulpgIEu,JdIt^p,ioprnelalvJrroipp)r{:l}Iln.L1lrcpeppletunpUoePpnt}rornJrllr)pur)sle+6aalnruupqJnurrlIr.nruspalrp,oaaqs.dap'pr1p.gs,lrs'rolsariserrinDllgaixngauelrfno1tarallu,ruoleJJt[lnInarror'eenr6rrueqpcpuf.Joiplrui1,qJruisruau;u'0rrraIertangiaan.u,sor6rueon^duluop;-;p4ru\nus9orrlarpJliu*iapaqodpi:s:irrc}tuu,nlali'gnnaqlrsruliJlpsrr)oiiiruiop1ncr,JppiA,nltul.nlsi^esl.pm:aauaE,erqp;alrrrloi-ne'a,s"eu.rirrrtroileuiA9rerrUdo"udi1z,1.p)r1ssi;.ilr3
vuef"rge"igniuu. iNtin4accl hciaitveBlloi riguii i1 duqm5niserd gi-i p-rigoniserd," ii favorl'zeaz&
mai lecunca;te pe -lu\'ai leernatinpeucl edteluiatdltd:dIautXliu5iI-Il
comilind gre$eli peste gregeli. Soarta
"iRIoii"iGioctiric"9niilnit"JrL;nu"a"-"iiu6rtnauJoAoic"g]iitc-t1umnGi.l"-ataS*"ierc1uicaei-if.td"l"s.tpl{diilotrtiruicJuIlicofR.,"liietbi,,"nicliGig*u"rnroai-llaGg"jesnuespcoaldjrurclbVeglpsItre'niiueicltAdl"iainoieuceaaanr,ilpiomsolclesl,ttetailuenbRadnenLrierubtiap6-ancfureeiioco,iaouelmaDlletmdem6aidporirfsiipu:zra"duttoslderearaaescusluzu"id.qupmddh'ertailsp:|na$dnir(uMeiiirearia,scnlsrgi6gmcnenlapspiiaeuesseo)rsimaftuee'uarrinpefieurntiiaintanguorp[nlluolriiezoessutstnpubaantruuizureureietrurirceimiinrelbaie(aEhlimrpcs9iIoalcianteeap1muicapai,ioutnitanriiatparlrncetucupvrnbteearlezhedfn6eroucbeg6v.5iiEielpeu,tfpzlluesee,od.iarirnibfgienrdi,-sdGcrsieniinIeaomiuiendlpaipt:,ilslpidnlirtioasiurVaidtvncretneucocdespaiulrooltsaahsfsqatutr.fTirbols.tineed,ttstabup5iiaroirbeIg.tic:ieilon2nese-ietsnedCoald3pdiasltccerieocrr'o)neiaiiceedun.n-iiu6.esppultneooritduFaalpl5ntcaeiadlAibelidtdeiplAifnzarinG.ciniredqAgcancig^iseipccSrulited1r]eetgsdolapout-eiioiduismedmta-:a,unrqbeaastiiueoa..r"raalp.sif,g.efiin.ib-isfncOcdcont.iiis,staeddd.uaicd9vd(pnmcdd?luidpete:diuin,pid5odisasrralor-fp,os.reb'dstieu1reuspedresmodei.$re_sev,teei,Eioelsaanoteiei.ad,tstqciepo,t,ietUnniaC1on.ieimui^ianpte-!iri-ccfgredsuqaidvoeai.rieahad6sdoeadd.iulsnpntiir,eaailnnsi,littcdpi1fteoc1u6oirncnceairabeaeia,,i--r---;tiil
eltaoincsbet:ea.snGBteaeu.cmidAhobiraborafiEtilodioli.pcsSand-s-aatsigzEfdliisoccenuaretteu,nmttiicmnpi ircceedalnodigmcuiciiuleeplltee1unodtnrreuu, ,iUiionrbmiacindi' ouoccorieinciratitrtauasddeeleup9bieuiCVnpeaesalnaertrnreuf-:i
i-a ldsat sa-$i urmeze soarta care-I ducea la meritata pieire.
v
CURTtrA DE LA URBINO
cle Dupir reslagrarea ducelui Guidobaldo incepe epoca radioasE a curtii
la Urbino. Ani de-a rindui aceastd curte fu locul de intilnire a1
rpirit"tor ceior urai alese din ltalia, atrase de omenia 9i dragostea de
cullurii a cclleuscdcvliur,igecgategiedduecianltiaelidgeencfuart9eai ngr9aificaodnucecepseeoi.pAelcaollouiCcaasptii--
glione igi
ciic1alel1elilironc.LcrlaCalecrlirtlalilaosm,tpu,iziliubu,adlgrclifrinini,viercrpiaiietrsilef1icaitruefiafen,cciadjelJeelectCielbno-ucitrntRleieiraiglgifil,aaaunteidaolebp,olaosmrtdiuruoMsnlpfciiie,chdhiptcieeniaelzartecanetetg,eiieinanalodfp,amurtcindmoaidetddeileeSelatmicuaUaenplrmubiutiooirm,rrloieaii,.ll
pictor cor" qtie lttlrnai sii tragd liniile principale, fdr5 sE irnpodobeascd
aclerrirul cu culori pldcule oii sa creeze iluzii prin arta perspectivei"'
568
699
-IlsEJ 'olct:u;l'la .Inlarunu PJdnse pulsn[ 'neaurnll o tfefe;ncsap lfaod-r1u
-olrnJ 'sa1ofu1eu1g 'll1IE IS nBSarpu I-oJ olesoralul eord olttbeuro
a1ue1o1rd uI ourroJslrprtr Rs I.Iun n11S l ollrPu os Ps oslorl Ieru nu 1( 1a
gsul
Rlpnslllnuafoorpusndrclorlu1lu5€lirguuoleeglnPopslo€yJoo'l1cleus1llpJn3o6rolur pooIslDraEslogeJuulgtlern'l1rlnBf1r-ntI1ooo.tIdlpPnIIrcIaPI'pPPoAsreue3oguIdlllnnlqrpol 1up3ull11osoeo1p1an1ptlr
'roipcSnur InEJ lrooun lutcls un ap gutld 15 'ea 1* PIEAIIIn) urg 't{o1
ap pilqnl '/oulqrfl ulp BalrnJ BI BIRI} 1s 9r9u11 ap PAnpP^ osasRurPr
''J-ooSorp+elglIueoaaqJ.I6eoulpouasrolnpIADInIaurIIBrnpeJIaoeu1ltleliuoo0ti:uplauo.vrBJ1IturA-ltlJpa'ePleBrlapJuslinlnrlPfJP,saiJ,o{puuJ'n'oo'rplcdllordooplJBfroilerlgllr.u\IiI1gnIolnop]lo.atnPopups6rFIIrJPslp'1r'elcpdulJrooen1l31o10plP1u'1iIlsrnaual3Jpl
gn1 1n0o1e1p uI psaJnp o1*eurnu o urnJ'Io ,,P1uot{a}oJol"'Po ap
'ellaqpslla Bsarnp 1Sgsu1 IJap lrl't}Rtv
BoJnlgrls crer InlsarE In.iluaf, ul
'ta roltfnl:tr\ i?at[tf
-iprli pI elrrglrncl 1S-npulprorF ',,lnli]s a]Irill I-Ps" 'atto116i1seJ sorunlJ
aaa-Ip'-a-oouRJulJrppunls}EcidpoeaIsppeJnJ,,6eJBrutaoupu{rr]1uprpnJo1JI,rsBoEIaaeaS'rlerzraJuu[eoalull1l3B6rBcJ1oBlloaasJonJJlauuouosBss't,laaut,rPttoJnrl]ls:alrlsd|rlesruJuJi'l:glrapoIafs:cnIro}rIosJuIrlruuJStlaeoouJnultfraa,plIruBnislaInIrlsoa6ul'opcrl1aaIun1lPouodIgrSJpsrfso1,Sgva'dJrPoinuJlJa'dea1rSpsllQod]B;PleeuaIlloS{pnqr"nooeJrIl'rolJlrn9aEAe!R5r;[o\PlsrrAPueIedpsuaIi rlpIsaaIsI1alrBiEeopuJBl13uPlroIJtnenaaaJae"pdlqP1aiEuJelcp'1aPInorJIniop'Jo}polcSJl1:eeIPutp1lract3lptnfll-JSfJsu1ru]n.6tuqurplpatcr;Ir
el glriro.tgunq lS alpJoJrtos P:|Inur leur 1fer3 aJlul PlPpo-i)!u lsoJ P-u
gr iiie-',,orlqnl u1 rfrun 1fo1 act eeulf 1-a;er 1nJue1" ua-iqcl PsaJnO
,,"'o1tba1p n11op obtarllo Pl.Iurnu 1; eelnd gf trer
-n61s no pspr EoJe 9t BSB 'oIIosoA oslnp o eallJ as BInJp3elJ 1nd1ql ad 15 'a1t1su1:
elaurnio rS .u]qro^uo3 olnrgld n€ozne os oloJV "'Jo.ln1nl euldpls earpd 'qlucopnI
.eEo1rioIotrurDe6lns?Jro.rgsSpeontJrlenr'pEaaIppnlopelu$neppl1lpegro13dsssiJuuIenaIIan9fr6, u'pP1bl1perr'leslao6rzelzlo3usopP9usll€PJlluc'1lqf1l€1pSsdrunlgrpnecpsouerldrJnn'caprBeerIlnJ€qea1ar6lse'I1tolplprlurrrnsu
-r.rIu.r al€s rolonurluoc eulrlrcl urp 'aioJnc p:r n-r1uod rep I inlnllrt6s o1e 1$ ec lnlndror
o1e grlrcraxo alncpld i3 e111su1c u1 elltrpdutS IoIIz al.irnseoc alPol l3op nBrA"
g[ui-Ie1obruef6o1I1ut+ruruunur1nJnrrue1eesBptrfpseraeIallpssdlet'rEorpo1rna::$pJJuo3,uol-.nltnrIAlo1ruzaeruIerfnosss1uelusJlunrtl'a1I'lIo1J.'o1r1I'I{XtoEEIuaop$1loIadolIaJneu1,o;dR)nruiJszIeo1|e'R-peprinerocaAoSalplfatds'Ip,uun,]:,rlR1leoouanJgJuT1lnnJonalrldfl1llllnu,puaJrEnulIoloAocrJ'ndBnalElIdq"Luc1oJonqI'rJleeooJselFfloJerpeJeunIrlorIeuoolePIlsisptpp9qaA'oJo1IeloIo,eInzII1']uIuc(rIuuplolI"oo'eJlB-1tutltldIosJlabrgPo1apsttaosirioItpJeul[,PoE1,ol'1rStDloUcAlcrol1oIfutIuIuleellr-Ptu1ot.aIsi.teoIJ)ouuJir,,7a{'rIr\lPpunansJl'ullunarauaeuosr4IJJaoa1tlusSlpllooItlDaurfIIylonfIagJIuluDlls]ptr'n]clI?'eaol,ll]'Jl,-rIpr.xtrpoain1r;oLu>a"1I3J1r'
'rutrurogyuab ysotopd, a lulrssrl.Iqou op gtttlcl uo1ruf, RqiE Ps 'alltrs olrns
-uoJ p apuan\as 'ast[tr6u1 as 'auot1611se3 aunds ou 'opluqoprn3
on,s
'o.Iiqnl rS al€1lioJuls nJ liAprfinz p-al
IlpJ
'ro1eleuosrecl rornlnl pfera. 1ep e ,,ro1c1d 1n1rutn" l nl,r l(ttlo+ a Inoi{lBJ
glione, coinpunincl ecioga Tirs.f reprezentatd la curtea urbinatE, o pune
prlntre nimfele zeilei (care, bineinleles, este 1ns5;i dncesa) :
Una tra tutte lor t"b clolce e pia,
qchueesafacannotondpeollartaDeinaosic'isnctlcreo suirvmeceiein; cuccin,
sol col dolce parlar le fjere allcLccicr.
Nimfd fdrir anne, care imblinze;l-e numai cu riorba ei clulce fia-
reie : curtenii care o urmiireau. lln Bembo, un Castiglione il riin-rin
prieteni toati viata qi-i adreseazei, rnai cu searnd llenrbo, nulreroase
scrisori. N{archiza Isabella d'Este o pre{uia foarte nult si o prirrea ca
pe ul1a ciin cele mai scumpe prietene.
1n jurul acestor principese era stolul plin cle farn-rec a1 clatlielor
zlniaraccdiairaigm-ailgee.inleEsioplerirfadateocac,r,ueclrleetecoc-ra"vianoleCCricioorstrte-apgr-oilozeat?{ioFc:reaagrseocsLloell,iioccinuMtodarlceiytnrl-frieesr,oitncal eaGtreonnEu-i
iau parte clirectd la discufiile subtile ale clialoquiiri,
Venea apoi grupul seniorilor mai mari gi mai nr5runli care trdiau
1a cr-rrtea N{ontefeltrilor. Acestora, Castic1lione 1e atribuie urr rol in-
sernnat in cartea lui.'Tn primul rind e Giriiiano de'ldeclicl, il rnacini-
fico Giuliano, cunl il numeau tofi, Era fiul mai nric ai lrri Loienzo Mag-
ni ficul Si fratele cardinalului Giovanni, care ajunge papa Leon X.
erau pe atttnci exila}i de la Florenfa qi trdiau pe 1a curfile
N'{edicii cele mai inalte teluri,
altora. Pe Giovanni era urmdrea viaf6 de nep5sare pi
Giuliano, cind ambifios 6i
slab cle voin{5 gi voluptttos, ducea o
dtsiee;'tiilmltoldprcreSieritie.unmPisoaeentic$eutilloBlnre,smcuba;io,gsgieiinCcoaamsctiepglal6iocaneeafe:innraemtioloivnridirfohruiqmiiiaoaasstcreirb.iiutLoiaerilUourrnb, iarnoro-l
in.s.emnat ca interlocutor in dialoqurile 1or. Mai tirzin, intors la Flo-
renta, avea sir farrorizeze pe Leonardo da \rinci ca gi pe Machiavelli ;
acesta din urmii se qinclise s5-i inchine ,,Principele". Dar Giuliano, is-
io.;it de rriata cle pliceri ce clusese, nroare preiimpnriu, i:rselind cele
tnai scumpe speranfe ale fratelr-ri siu irapa.
Erau alroi cei cloi frali Frecloso, Fecierico gi Otlaviano, nobili q1eno-
ve;i in exil, refugiali impreunir cu marra 1or Gentile qi sora Costanza
ia curtea ruclelor lor Niontefeltro. Ottar,iano, spirit vioi, curios de
toate, este unul din principalii interiocutori rlin Coriegicno. Soldat ;i
oni cle carte, luptii in toate rdzboaieie dr-rcelui de l.Trbino. N{ai tirzin
ar.ea sd ajur-rgd cloge in cetatea iui nata15; cl ar infrint de imperiali,
prizouier a1 aspruir-ri gi neornenosului rnarchiz cle Pescara, avea sd
:noar5 in captir.itato. Casligllione il descrie astferl in epistola cledica-
tolie a ciirtii sale: ,,om foarte rar, mirinirnos, leliclios, piiu cle bun6-
tatc-:, de talent, de pruclenfS;i curtenie, amic al onoarei 5i aJ r.,irlutii,
as.a demn cle latrd.l incit chiar chrqtnanii 1ui fur:l silifi sii-l laucie". Fra-
1ele s5u Feclerico era mare cunoscbtor gi amator ai poeziei pror,rensale.
Inchinat carierei ecleziastice, avea sb ajunglS cardinal.
Un alt personaj important era contele Loclovico cla Canossa, nobil
\reronez, inrudit cu Gonzagii ;i cu Castiqlione. Petrecinclu-;i copilSria
.la lulantova, rxarchizul il recomanclase ceior de la t.lrhino, care-l in-
trebr.rinteazd in cielicate misiuni diplorratice. Pric'ten iniim ai lui Bal-
57{)
tL9
sD-raolnlrsscrrrBos.rraNsIrIndorouuViionpa-cslbng6o'o)(gulOouI,I,ueruniapElIInuS's'rdr(jliAluoPa^ll']ol91rlnlI4s9lpepv6'l!rooI,guzoll'rJ.ultrpaIilrSzStnioal!rjldrplpanX'n(ltIresnelosLDgJ'teoDJadr'rpogprDDir)sun]rlss!rpr-Irdrterarul'.qq,^rrlullEI€ourSl/^!fcr-ulpuaooparu3cli{nltt)LDsaqayllltp9r^)utr!ou,e!-rrlIl\rooryLTls.lDltroy/nrtIJar)rori:p:rs'o:rC[raqtE?nud]rl1orarlJ,po€'-,olIlistnsloI,ol.rrl,ilipltsle.tJriE,ilJll,dDlrin"u'lilusrtilorto,usl;Jie.{.-i._,,:r;ir;
oaaIEIaSurpIloazn'tJrpaJJpusrtlJDpJap'nplp,d^pJ"nIeooaJ-BrlsrD'aolaollppCslslnrate6lcletollpp.a'rsluLlpprrrnJ1pspsJodJElsJusInropnrlpJESTsICpaenalploJJsruJEoaopouJplolqasl/raau.nlrBtliuJoa]allJlrullbsoa/EasdHalylssfaoaRIsuP,Ilnl.bpourclJAipiRroElpJlrsuipourrlupoplJrJlIJrrl'lnlr6lslp'so,oeriJ1rIJJolespAIiespI;arJopEtaa\JzigpppapoJRlelpsu'alcaerrlsrolpbooaJE-s]]lrErnoi.aIJJ:J;i
sopsriIl'r]{'tpluluIoorsorlrco}BpIlpaJspsllponJlasu'r,}BLllerluialo^rJuolpruPaLsreIrftJJrorlppBdsaeqlliuturppJpJod-llnlrprcsl I'p[n]uii]i
13 urtspber arBJ
-s-ril1 lre$rrJiolrrJoleulcl LpJInJuBrrslalledoupll1ISI (n'stoure-I1a;so1In)iutisrFrii)l?ourulrl Lll -lpir
JIIIJJ un auncls ',,ollri'-
'JiI'u
-vrju!Jlp tLr E;lle^lod" Ltn : Eol-IAX Ip iqnloJas PJIe-Ilad also c oqLLIog
'pf,lloJupiour orfer6 o ap eurlcl IS oplnlJ psLrI 'allerldsur ppunlord oa.r,i
aarpInSrlssleenoJlnraouJ-IrJ'Bu1npssnarrJfueaaleA.urgraouciudl11eu11l'oselun1e'al1riJccululesarrpl1lfualnJSdoodR.rsaIoZEalll]eIJJJXor-PlIpuazpazeJrolallSor]udcrnBIlJlpeapoea]nf,.alr'aoseJurorapapDcpJu{labatellndtctrrsltactte)r1i]ofgBsns1rJIaepSI1rauarouogl^lslrlepn1oulIoJlldloopea,'Jtrp1IonU1lpluclo1ol:n...iJlr!r:Tl
1Rau.-a-iau1peSpiOelraoulp+r-dppSpJiBJ.rqrraqeupalr,lfesatrJl,pdJuqppssnluJJasailpinp'ospiara+lrsnIS-plonrloCprlllulsSlll'rpeL'Bn'dolIioreusIqo^tIllolruJau]upzpsdIraLallE'guBlauacnou1JsloalIlJr.s'Ju{an:plEalu(eleoJPlJndrp1t'IoJIorqnIllqslnqlJalurlLruouololIorll,aBcoa\pllIuIgaplapal'aoc1LtS1Il-tl1ran3uIlc3:oln]\llItssln1arelrtuluSbir}laJsg;+nllstsEunpoEo[TnrnRelrtobacpJ'}1IutsresJcrBIea)'oJJlaJuudrIupsaeIoritl+eIbe'pI,IpBlolyarJnIuIl}ioP-utIltJnnIulioo-qprreuJTallrIsILrlBluI-oIoLIIlleInlIalElrclpnJlll.llae:(ill:iiiti']]j)lil
''RrorlllsJlnlollJaopluophslpIporsaalsipeuInnJela-Ju ul a+traur ro1 alllrciord u1-tcl JsaJnlP.ils -ip,-t
rrfly 'glStueurn 'llaod 'ern11nl ep lualllpu
rS rfeplos 1 oulqJn EI ap IIIqou lualtltJ tllecllrutrd nera eii$aly
'pul.r1::)
aEuor\11a6J1E1ssea3.r+dpsauplqJ/riuiiDp[nppulDnJlslLaNlpl]IlIdrI+LlJIIlI|uoYpn'allp:DtJtat(lnloocLcoiseo;.ied;
uJ PQ-ror\ r]
es
errleled
-purrp uI as-npulldnl lrour 'sorolp,\ uelrdg:l 'laillurE olalPrJ 'old o:)I.!olj
-aorTudasluapluoInJzl1q3)J'tpnulnru:t0polpsuiwrqrInnloprapgnceJoEf Iouaop!flrraoli]pol)pLJllIooJppJIil'ponrtlig;'leilir1nc-.1l;
.rnluruorcl elIsSerIotruSn.'raJnoprr1a6lrs1asrue3 aascpi sluorJgpfpiulruBlaIIuaqppsspI l ppzrlnr{lJeruBr{arrrdapIn}lSeeoJqrrelica;gil
'e1o1srda
ap lelrarde 1 rrzaod aspororunu asaslJ3s 1$ a.ressepieg Inl Ip i,s'JrJ Iulol
-secl lnuaod e1 eseroqelor 'r*nsu1 1a leocl 1 opleqoprnrJ rnl InrJrA-roS ri]
Prasertrul gunaldurl J auoll6llsp3 alnoi uIBn.lrlffi1agqcots)auparpu Irnofl,nIIiJrBolrtSalllnlrJ1elnV
-olupur 11qou 'ebezuo3 aJpsa3 '1p .r
I JslJupjd tS y 'ar1leuro1d1p lrprrlf,JPsur alueyoclul npp ; i
uool 'efuerg u1 xna.d.eg ap rode 'olilerlra ap clocslcle
II nllnl qns obiln[B essoupJ'IapJpU rS euarqqlg Inl I"p r3 er arpsse;;
iIirvoiicmliizquaronir.-sii1lriua;arruieo;cJ4ts".iir;grelaauti,..itui"IoftL,nrcareti"tceriaoeet,"rtuiiranala'scuciinp:c,tl.iguenucuiuiliLn,ciimolgdtaeLeaasuiumCesnietacentroarcteiacoi,on1;ia5sassrrnapu,eetpbietsrasraiatdgt"dikseancfrtft,ele.lal,irtluotenilmauoCcraaapBmsn"ligraaiiiieehaeendocrsppm:.cn,rsuaueeaeliimrbiiRsrnlnptqsfaeoeeeiaeaetpialrltiilirvriiaurcur5l5taLaptioirupitsrscesonun:frlzesiltoaantltlcaiitneanussnut9ucieuvubfciiXaPaina-cdlivibsvflrasie,aieehlcezcdsdirlnaoiu-lnitdoleeaieupuutisvpe,tlicdfi_aeipdbsriclpdele,iildoitiiecfluu-st[c,bdeluesotclcu,da1aueaagicquelrpLrsouiMdiiieicenaamcrrtiatiitao1tcinirpudglld1nnuedseRirreueetuzpeunlie-:odaea-rtI*ilmfensmeilsiccepcre.ocdibuabalastdA,dtre,ifid5uniiccclrcnsfelsiolqaoeuoeueelrpidamlubr,tfRoouqiiuulnccsiioipinnucrseiimirnfitvdsaliemri&ieauiaiic'ifneerceiflac,rietes'Jtlaln'ruiilc.aierniena"nisri.-'t
sub papa Paui III Farnese'
icrgiif(itiocililuleilcioocirrutie.rieJ,"Usr.i,sia*.ieien,er.li,dcipI]giEa,lrarleapieiilreiziosiaatiigaoarieilrcteiabsnraigeRst6ilieep(cttaLutcreeafceelatt,.eioo)'elzie,annldastaolSqtiXimUe'aurac5trinalifubclvt,zetiridnicdtrffoainouei.cicarnvlVdlteeereoedraaacRtioatg.alioaadtir,irDfd,auaIsuiIlontolelrrbvalblrcmn;eiliazsdnloacirdeoaBrrddci,pgei-lnhaarrrsiiinanizseoRBaaleptrreeloitiludbainmrtoldbatide"ai9eee,o,inacMmcce1uadpialnuarcB.ru?ldnouiernptcaenmolaeeacrvbagllifoaoagamin9nmir9cailadpilatifeiarlrCuitila1e$miaepcri"csieolsotalaae-itsl--ril'll
b;rn";carordcphtieizl),iofiiuq"siiei"sc"el"uipcoeosr1ieiu.citCoitilnudcrenl 6pfu,ri'SnacilieapSseascesaer,rc,nillninarnasol,pcaicrsiictiugouanrelde"-l,epaeclul.iIcisfs,ac,b,rpeisrloolasrti5dlc'5E'rls.lrrtlee"
.ce.iixIiIoni",av,r,iioi,ia,l,.ita-Uulriuuc,"erei,irllitep-iob"aun,pripri"lntroiiiconrronosli-earfre.aiccrid]spua,$ofigabuupormrpiieetndrberueirteXaari6celc'-iC,lilfeotimlae1uaaocripipiqstneerCtiF.anioiegasr,auPvialdliiparciornnspdeniacnndtamdei,etoerrasite,cinbreatceunessr,oa,eciatctiaelMsnoiulmenpsapaabfepetf,otriedinniiinjarulttzarrta.cebBiutlfpaIa{dciencosttuerdudaiidnitartirllan,napoplalur;dmrcMRtiaemioienIaoeo,lCa!apnaalmaEaaaorojiepucs,ueaegtlMncltriiagifhnsltpo,lLlmccialeccoaeudtncjatoorritlUrtcnerurteduiaornaiiXbcnnalaPaiVaenlrru9lnl'ooa,liiniBdnucicoiLeinttinbri,e6etJsSftopm:XeedX!naI1e5ll5'alri1'ni2rlXdsrrt3i0eeaee-i.,,'
\4adonna ce-i zugrbrrise Rafael'
diicslc;csririai-inh.uiulisXna,ci,Jtlni.rtuoifp.trc.ruciLc1cln.ausaureicliirlXiriiotireoeitoeraleBi.mea,siilr,eeelLqeiaSebrnlacrasncncierltrlsiatcamRanirFartr,unae'zcoaetfgrrt,i,ilmecrtiosicerpip5icaaiicfAiariSi:-rpeei1arricecinoti,clcucectrelelieauioitelcltiiocnnnrlzliptnriuoicmiiilsas,eslnaliicseecmalozrtiunaeieisidcsspri.pcieneelcellee.tINlouse's;nlrcle\Jrrnelretiuelnnelezetcaclltitcra.ducuiasrltsERvlouiallciSidaiorlimlcnArataerhii:caMuprrmAriluiaeapcorrisnonltliaeesaaicuvnsurctnnriilibeoumbnziioesso.,i,ipou,6llruciAimrirguclnlaoolieuittaubvccsrirN-tiiinaolieziunIu{crgrraIaeiftcnisamiotne,a:oursp;atslrioral,pocots,,vLetpiah9rpara,.ecetiirin,ztepatoeuJrdarnllauc'aai]eecnreacXdlcsaceUarhetti,a&e,eupirzracg"lieai}n:,ilifdinioicsjauptteniceretiztoitinl"liiaaatal"it,--e--r'-',.
572
t r.9
tarnucuioallt.rcgl l:Igolydtpayia,pluol u'iaoslspppci) lptelrpovupriitlpnl+pIIIlonAtrllrnuro6lusmgC.ropIofq"'tau.erogls'nac1a{reu1r3c
ei1$azuglqui arur ulcl a aayop BJurlu o €IirurEI 'plorlreg a aJpsoJ 'u1o; iu-r
-oispd a ouo11611se3 'r{adseo tulSnil i€ glrelulet '11frnr aisIIIBp luns a-rp:}
I''apaolspfuIraIJn.rOlrIsqoJsarlsuf'g]gogsdpBg.lrsIuri;n$qad'populrlperooIlrInloous3logsrUoedoudnlop'JoJoi;znr1luppl3o1ludu1'lez1laaanulrpileddIlqarpBl|rs3eotroefrnJadluJufOrneoodczcu1uut;erptIoreorrlpu1eele6Snbrrseetipdzlsl;stlttqetuogauSl'aq:leetnoorseb:p0aeysooor;oe1J't1d6laesnltr?nd'ps6osu:Iuonl\-ou.fgIt',9itnrr,,:"16ttg1"l
nc gunardurl auori6llse) 'g0gI Inlnlip Inlplpuleo u1 uSy 'ollqeJotuittil.
seulPr np alaul-I 'aluallIsllJa^rp aseourrul rs a1o:lelcads ap lo1trd ela 1n1er
-puJBJ 'rIrIJJulalapuI ela:lr:lsulr" BI ppap as oruBdruor plrclou
'.lo1t,t11o3
-oluorll ole olalsBJ alIBIaIoJ uI pull 'oiqqn.J pl puls 'outc1-r11 eI
pLIIJ
r'rzplse op enlz u! roloznru InSDJpl rs Inrirurp]
also eoole EalElaJ rplopB-tlu! pl porJ poolp oCI a:elgi t* J llr? u! .ro1 uit.ti.rnrsl
ulrd 13 DJ aruJB u3 ro1 er!e1gzr. u;rd Iopullue -rlJlsal 'uprxeos prlll aqrarad '86€?.ii.].3r
orBSaJ 13 euor16l1su) arpssBplBg 'pauourasB ap '1uns I rolIBlI Bu1runl tio€uJpliA-aqrello3
prnlplpAu! urrd 'ra1cere3 rol Inlrqou urrd ulSnlr Iopultrre
rB a1rfn1rr,t
rS oJIJap;C 'os^oDo.tg ilBrJ lop lar iode luns .Iehtr 'auollell aurapotu jrqulrl le IS pL
errglel azord Jrq)ol alolulrpd lrunu uralnd i1 trug,rnr ldorp nr arDJ od 'a1uo1e1 rS aJurl
-Sounr rn1 allreru ulrd lllsal IIro 'oqruag ortro1,i od l13osp0 'ppllci ep 'o1o;ty 'outqrn
uI ap alinr eseo1ro16 uI lzplsu cr 1f uig.r,n3 13 1ua1e1 oll ruarxeo 'utf 11e co1 un
ilpunpu 11s96 no-s nu 'lou lro -rqJal allJnluor,r uI 'otnnl od irorqrlu pr porj" e1
-oll o (leurprer : IaJ:ISE Ol"rJs
gJrroslq op luo Drsru-lIslrruuerrpunaIo'oJ1ot1lioprSe5eofudeo;rgplu1'PslBu-ullIuqoJcnl.rppoJlranpJ dorsicla)
azaTr.zr.L
ps rolpp eafruls as Brlpll uI so1p Bra aJ :lo,l 'lualJnJ llraull acl 1erro1
-E;\r?J olp rll Brnllsur 'oopluunoto{uojcrl}JanldBI'aIuoorlSlbpilastpraJ,l,In'r1l *laurolter,utepc Iill)loxo
rS o1$otr
13 aure ap nrlsapru
i--J-SiorS1eepIUrg1oeBTopUllde{nn'rnrlooplruo:JIacisalludn'neBlro:fuq,ullasrz€ulrnqllnrurqtsurprt'goalPlprlrilSIvlplrolo$n-'qlrtnauruogllalaagdoslaldEnIrdnarlrsJIdlrniogEuf nn'llJnaerzBoulanrdiuduabsI'pSropp+llodssrqIaauS1loaIp1valls:S'irrlorirerrrJnlnpop1u3c;urrp1nplcdupl1rzl1porrrllou7dJp'tni$asfs,olezeod1n)1Jtrarru^$1r
e'-any11roc6lupunrnry1sbaap;dayt]orpe]JIrJuuollIJpJaadapnlatstSfnauruslurtfpsondus fIaJJioSeuJ'1a1'orsau1cpeaulJurloaguru1eoo'JooutJSloqlrsr1ll3flJt1BrueI pnoIlDplouIrnSol,a\oil.rleocll
'[nlnuDalJnJ aloi
p-I'orBsouusloaqlrslrsprnasudrBrqnoIrnlraluosrirrlTurfrrdarnolaclPIpBIlrnRJuoJcrnIlqusBuolpolI BBtp6Joarrl1ol'llllnrl1l6l5lteraaz'urleanoulpeDroooJlpu:JIauaBpilonIorJPrdrIoBP'lrlIJ0onall1opsssleaBp3darlllrc'o11ur1etT3r1lc]dppl r.uIiotol1cfsoa: sseio.nr,tl\Ji;.
p''parulode'JAI1or1uluXopJuuIroSaauTurrboerrcreolp'odoueBodI.'IuPp1IIp1AJi'rrtJerIo;l;ul'Sroeed6uunaa1glpranclJtlfIrBBuciuIunnIitS1IIlITgp.qItInpIUsspuTuaBrdJsotuplsuraptdrielelttrtinllrl|
nBra rS nppunqe rluoJnq R'1Jalondl:le*rAel'ulsalJzPeJrSdPeuar irnndci Ltn ura 'our;era5 u,t1
'e1sa)e as IIIoJJV ROEq
rqDnlgr 'lnllu un 'gfurlturn nr elrodns a1 1a e.re: ad
'asle; op In{aJ }o1 npcn[ 1-1* s1-t uI npnl II ouiqJn ap PsaJr]p rS 11.r l"'.o1
in toate artele, venit de peste tnunfi, din Etruria. Debutul poetic al li;i
Castiglione era fericit ; toti gustarii pldcutele lui versuri, iar spectacolni,
iultrrmetlt?oiar t.-cleCnarsotrigcslicohnee (dani,rri cle balet) rirmase neuitat. Iu carnavah-i-
girtit de insugi Beinbo imerpareinunAdncguliaO, titnarm,iaisniuonFere-gossop.eActlatcdolauilegeopriree-:
Beml:o qi Fregoso, ambasaclorii zeifei Venus, rrin in stante atgronioase
Esimi iinliacl,eimnnaecpeieapsitdtiprninpecleruaccleeleiorelopciau)rai l{ecluccderosar Elisabetta 9i maclonna
inimi de diamaut erait
neatinse de sdgelile lui Cupicloll, sd nu mai clispretuiascd lucrurile amo-
rulni. versurile lui pline cle amintiri din elegiacir
latini Bembo improvizase grabi
cea mai mare : ie$irf, totuqi tnult mai
gi din Petrarca in
sponlane gi mai fluide ca soneteie lui cele mai mrurcite.
Tot in 1507, Urbino a\iu cinstea sf, primeascd pe papa Iuliu iI :
furii date rnari festivitdli. Se intimpld cd tocmai atunci sd fie adunaii
acolo cei rnai ilugtri oaspeti ai Nfontefeltrilor. Castiglione tocrnai se
intorsese clin r\nglia. Zilele care au urtlat clupf, plecarea papei ie
alege e1 ca sii fixeze tirnpui cinci ar fi avut loc convetsafiile din Cor-
tcgiano.
VI
i\{rsrul{r $r RAZEOAIE
odpilitlpaitilinnogLturarnaretaibUstriulicrzribdnbmi.fnoeeoGiaan,ozrigcCdndefa.ai.snl$tDoigi-numllpeiieoXrislnauiepulcrnlldneliibusscueelcogeririluiriiccceciaeaihteniellu,umimitaaiCta,eacicsusvdaticfareeeillalpBliaandopceraRegcopiiauume,rltiaVequeid:InueIGecaclueiaviincteeilpcoaibloasmaerlailtsuloreeii
ilina pe mai multe orage din Rornac.Jna, pe care nu vroia sd ie restituie.
lnfccttairoucliuopuenrnva"l,oui.acg'siio1tecfipndnlcioftrnauel1naiv5notcei0Ccbfen5iiiacuqdcnac-niilcollauu.ascticotMs5eeqrailaloleieeaneVr\tlrpideneraatofnaieqgisenflnatuef(riticloaersei,isic.sigc5rdrCudiiiifppncnanui:dtdciualludietinnalllairetsmdrpeeszcbazdblappueosaeic,rialeni,pdGtlbunloeuuirnu,mniudtIelroopuuzubduieriarutubeelplciainnelcIoIateurate,lii,,pztglmacbariiroug;aetnocuriatnitleidui-dslilqpseroeiocirmLdnrrieeneotiiit------'
i\l/eenceufmieni,astuelgsiniiuclimsadr-ci htrizinuriiteillepMe aCnatsotri.galiocniees,prDeainI tleuni fGiiioenzpaagpaetioCtonnutli-ri
lrecuse pica. Ajungind la FerraLa, Ralclassare fu in$tiinfat de prietenii
din Manto\ia cf marchizui eiase ordin s5 fie arestat indatd ce ar pd;i
pe teritoriul ccru
mantorran, Trimisul indatd instrucfii ducelui : acesta
i]611a15cCp'la6irec,immeceuieiajigdGniiauiupipdrooe|irbl1paanleclJloaCrb,maimnsicotai,gr,c,iripoln-rntieihzeanui:istcppcuuleemseapccsiliee1nsdttrouaaccfrhceoiisniiltutal,tgt9is6"ier,nGsear{of.-l'noalzinsalcapgl iaosR*dnroierermzxnepdaur,penaiat-s:
crl pas. De aceea nu era thl.oc clornic sii se intoarcd ]a lv{antorra. in
noiembrie 1504 scr"isese marloiinei LuicJia cii clacii n-ar ea acolo nu
fi
574
rL9
lopsSrlr)ra.L:iiJtlssIppoJpuercilJrijraJ:rreiru,r(.eoBrdJlen€sJd'o,,oI'ts3l/erlpi.fo0ullr1]aol]aJaS+:)3xpJa,r,ppaalpraiseJl-loppBlsroCn3lBlrlroljor):i.r.i)ruunrn-r1f-t)rr'ei1aosrrarr.uoprenrllsc_$lp.iretelrrasqrieorpi3llru,ogr,o.arirrnuuepicrl.ir,piernsdoorjs,r;u:ruiina'rnfJiic_1?i,
-pittriit.;cplrul5?'1iaerlplrrlarg3radrs.JurEornaelJrtnLrp'irearrul,I{'IJn;6o'srlouefpnr"Aor1crprlserla,'p1ro,r:pooareddpplrrr"orIu'rnalqrrlprolocLeJl,lotsotJ,roJooUlasrlroprrurlr)goueIr-rcuorlcgroltnrporosLr_garnrptod,r{rqrs\prnpeo1:glrJprrOinI,1,lar,eon;lnuaerEruinyiJno.6qudrau1s7rgo"nr,O1crplr;su;nlnjiulr3JoJop'Jo].lsltiiooJlJLlrilo,nr\\l
--ne---I€--et'-rIoe-eeta-ra'e-'-1-cpEupu1''aorasnls]lurin{aCr?-|lslr:lrp-jir1auLati1srr1.oralJlldlurirlosni.lrtna,p1{.irzonTa0rorple':irprali'Jl'd]o]uplrourtrlTuLauosooaprIrlJroBJru1urpBtrp,"rpu-uolo1gcrlfn{}o\'dr1reeJrilpaonJrIc-r,:llrnpnplnrecalprSror1Az\podln3ularlscIaIr'O,IrlJqarrrpJdI.3nSenptrlJnrn{p[ar-prlleeppsoapn'Irnnt-dadjpfsrpSagcsalrrisroasrouornnruln:l'-fol1'rap:Ssi1upianlo-olstapsuanaprlllruir€pruaa*errnup'S.BolpBtl.plloo.zrruJparq[r'6auJrareIpi1l,uiqsrlJr)lrrrpnpue\rnlart{.sesooi.raosir1oarrqJltuiliilrropr?j,girlJ1a:IEfuutl'fJJ6ss-r,ed]iar]rl.qn]a,rsrrnpupl1lsriprri.us.upiorprJl^rr1uol-n1laaTlau1:rnso1s:rln,rrapnlo}IlllanJsalrsirruen3l6alupdnsoruuouoelrlBu]alaeollJreIpdooprlrrrprr1:l)^los-llJ-rr3+,glr'snrl-lpaezlrl,r'rle\J1pnrr1ur;oaraaoIpln,uaacl,pupIp1ap1suoa1sf'soarr;Jrrrlurulsljodfd6Jrrcesra)odploralrops.3plr-al.rlJnLla1oiupoiooptarrotIrlqssolpfirrIlel1\u1l]n;aopgofnianuerrpnl6elroinLinlspurT.,n0rale}6lep1nullfrrlrosaeeqrltpecni'eplo:elppoL1orrlsg3coalo1plsat1inll;,Jp,LeflnrJplre^6r1tlegaesrulororrs\c'"bn1.lzcdrlurr1rsJirruei^6rerpfporul.lnpnnnula:gnrgnrrrlai}rlu]p:alJuru3aru'rl€relru1fpln.oncorpIsr.prraion}rli,spaIprrlfpirlal-pcr1o,oprqrn-cIessirEac,nlpiel-uinr)lnrfisa$rla:saopuluBeroziAaiorelrcdquocrnlEall'-rfr.nrarI*z)Rrcsiin1zr9rri.plblppnlr1uJ3e1r.rerlr.aell€aan,T1JrrO.eoafjsrrJJrgcaiarruoJ1iscs'D}il'{cac31nerJre,er:L;lpnerpaIDsi,rrileais.0;Iu11znsnporuei'r6l.rrqsnrrb'\lune'e,lr]azr6cs-rlor_slpl'izna,sglesrsteriJz;3rloellrlsolanJzprnrI:a.dorLrnnnraoarJrl,rnr'1l-.qlzal1aolpel,t"ioeJsssr1tna"a{;rsyr,pcp-reaipr3rr1upnzprilrisrlprirlsltpsm;r-ensBnlqprSsreeoi),DgaueiJrsr-ei1,ocgedrerRrapnerplI,purae1crurfrtJ.elgIousqer..(lJrrJp"illlto,lorJorJlaJp,urJ4iler'neor9et0cul;.r1,lr1oror,rl'ern.po,pJlpg-seoos'a,sopirrr/p,irarrorn6rdo_ersJynrnoterrrpllrurblurl".nrs.trJrerrr-EonoSdEipes;rJi-eujoouJurrlasrrorrr,u:intiJpeipslsoIeqrrrraroruerupripp!.goolB,n]qpoosarorLlu,rqrlco.opllcesbJ,s1iJ511pllrunueuluuotlrrRrrnsur-3nuo'au1usrarrn6ln.pouo.orl,zounoo,rlr3J6-tlLraarapraruplf,rlrsqolourr3"ecIrps1i.e1seqpu^TrJuoon,:.ia)srpripre.plgoz)npl1,rsaiJ:cqoorrpJsrlqai,lpir_sI1so1rLaJ1p1rucsru,:rojseeai,.il{rneJ:p,carlpl6rar'r1ul'uipq1^ull6_,"tn:rIpJuo1laalrp.:rtrquafd1tu'1l.jrorEuljeIrauiJllo'rrrlr5plnru1uuyl.an.nesrodlrr1rrrs,.,n,-o1,nr1,ir'r1r1r,;ros.'nl*erlrtoroiupionrr1arsrlup,loraap',n.rop1g-1noriaD_uri'pcr:snr,r-q.ir,lnr1rr1s,)ul\Srr1p)snilis]ii"l.lri;il
1poorps1urlpieqrcrJrllorinlrprrTaosnpllrp3l{alp'l1uatnifp[,aen.1erprol-nradcInld.nlnneJluslqarupruSrrrnonqusuuraJpg'\rIr{Iiaar^{sprttuplTnaliiJll]lIiap.rar"alararrsfasiarrunaupllnr.-fezinirinDnr{rTurll1npg1umcr-lprnire1poao]l1Iupe1olsnreJ1p,a5ruuliB11Ase0p13J3
sar rurr p:\ollrptr{ pl pru-nilLrrpur6 ieLrrni.r,, : elBporJrLr o]JEO]L{J",tJc1p1rrel t-rad
JE-s
fpileol-grrsre"ounagavuiee,apresnrdam-r$€isiaeu,scciicnhlaislsmnfidersva;eints,gt'ceJdlleilc5autolniraculelduuRi posamiiaas.leiaa-oL5pairei^lslaoisiacfrailccepdr,lefidairineinmzliiolaetiivialea'
Cs;Ctedgoi,pii,t"-nqr"n;e"cJirtaiouar;"iranr;-letis"r;.il*;lu"risltira,aina",ici."q"acrnttiSLc;mtr1"pou-i;;"amu'.iiiq,lia-.c.oaii*,,ilaaiNn;l*io?"rs;p".iCritiI"nlmo.te.-,uidaoatdurGrsioeaianniiruiur"aArpnrnfna-nclci"ar.onusisitosr,aai-"euanurc.saapiedatacerisauoilLa.c,oet-stM|iiilimzlaepAoimuut]atno"ae.t"gievt1aiita,s.trmipargatiruiao6toiasicgaeeifdmaiiioudsi,laurJiinnignn"ocOi"in",id"a.cditanilein"*dismnioior""lelitnlseaorceia6miadli,_clati"cl1i,diieer,mnvta"nr"l""dilapligsi",nLJfroouncntslajuineltuuuulu"ci-tBaereiummliupiencuigVttabnoiiigii,ainguo-iimfiitlaomgiroiibra€aresasirnstluaeermptoa6ie,uaqI,eirc"sjtriagnim,uips.manuucn9cottagccc€reeiuomArar-lEsilletfrmltiemeimp-euiimdieru.vSfcasacrllasbiuaee-toaoiPlitsudnmoiecpncponfrifecrmeiiegxMie6iletelefueces9aa5pici,eiieoncroa,,mffbidtasrnzabasriicunlicttceiuiiiceicpilaprurn-tnole.lnieiprdeuiiiiere;piertuatneluffeeepupirrpleiemgcl,lfreis;ilruiefrliaii,ldnntiidaiteiepur_iceiruaniitciounlotiiunfneiileaB.ccdnaiitJronumac-ifde.scfalr,airRerdeas-idB,eaila9fedopcicnqIdaaringdtmainiounepueruilaciu'odsef$Asirarre[irrdmslaaoaircgev[,riasaraps-lpcgcfporseudtli$ergseelreueaiaclluerll.oreaicaiooaainlnnfmcea.rritcratleut,'uafneediua,Neiauiisra'sla-atons(esscv-ieptldiAUqrneartXaailtii'ilp"i$llrt,nesern.rise.,.nustnbiufpiae'ccieplnaUedpgtp1eiimcthicniLtnadcen{n5rranrieie9nreozcocezl"0eaietlettar'-eed-e-5'--zl-:"r:i
cr"f"rt*phaAiiiliiniiiaeaiAiu.",tnii.ut"euincrdgIlg"ieu1"mra5leup0arn7peei igimeataurdaaJuunrleecucuieeeilpsaobl"mnio,utemarnuu1uau5irsi",nettaioidiijiiiaiibtctiea9endAiie_laac-slbenfuusioarncrrgibrociipaitid.nuruiDColirl.ucu:aAiic'pbseve,tus,giAqnaaemluieolmnp'daueaiu.dermmrceinceaalcpuimGeti3nnuce5dtiuidurdusoraeeabdtraloieaanladtcn6tiodn6i,'
id;Hidiiu.ii"Toair;oi"t-n;irr'imiru;ten"-t,;'_ro;rar"-,eal"i,-.;-rri"ra1Ct;olc"*'i3l"iu,flaitna.o.r-.t*nt.ott"ooio,AtGiirils1-riiintlcueiiml6bt"noloariifmrrdrlaivSti,Aiet",alaiipuo-n#rcnapiisglliri1ieipr,a-irfJoiiiara!JisoEiil"-ee'dme*ihp,niiaept-rndu,'riertn."enronrW-dupfJJlesg"iri.o"nlytthrnii-Erici-crUieuuacl_,i+snr"llliieaeustire"i,ndanrlinoiqi.eHRc'(,)cii1nvanGeupa3udslnapeirs2n,suir-prtlm0eaimludmcagu-rarrieiaui3catintrenun8lelRfBli4ccealpVou-)iall'srar,oitmnIot.ueIrtotocIe,tote'lessiaIiitccscedcerrur(iiuegaie1cipet,S5lo,,-dnelaa2pdlgiipui7niu-n,rlcpeel)ii'd.neralzAeeuiAdlnabaitrnneeXmesgptzap-ufoiooaeul\clpilri-a.leetnr-es{era"lir,teresarc6lipitlpaonilno.neprr.trer,teiu,mrtlsBsqergn-ntafoiieilriistndtipiAiiedttim-crelhrbnquiijalnncaieqosiltaerlreiviemAlMauretd(anip,pdcploeiirvnceea.Itreeoehrfr;dlIjretlte"nai-eesi-,,)
:a.7T5nDriretromansintnut;l;,[Heli,lri.gs.r.Euienna.rirfetiinnnts,auu-rlzAtlaulasecp;,is;i,eeouncr1uraftei,rlcapdeuEeaenil;desripjigtSfstuaiufidrrnrmtpaeaurttred,BHi$mrl.otteiaasriannlejetcrlsiiA,fuciBiucnvpiandgsoai,lel,tpiaeVrBaLitic,iluliIeditcIiia-nenuttAreeriPecanraqoa'gatmrpiil,aileAe1mnvni9teel7nrlnsuI5u-tt,eu\mspeldcpaiRvtl'edier3aElF1aoi]6rtrodtem-gr-oai3lce.b6ieiclii0lnac-i)Endnf' ouaitrg1ma5Et3irectt'1ilcaiu' \teclrCasdfoiroaeens"dta,ur,PGurdqnau'circrhlMaaui,-lt'
576
t tc? ct eitoc 16!r!
EEO*VLrIu'all3-rnJpO,Irn!l1s3sopdORJr3"ac: lppTiofisinr,f\-€rerisuoop.pierJlr oc pllrnup Eelnd" o.lps-r;eplpu -.r
r.i
rlrTalJnf, ricl acl azot]spd fs
Itlilllpls eirlllqar+ IuE llinur rEru pf,niluos ps llAnp...! Eso-Jnil od ;tsr,'=
FeeS'Irp1alrtrnTulidror.lr-t.1{ roTljsinl,rnLp,it-prdrJ1psl^;{:eo;ots{3u:e)rl.crlEaiAlJlEgo'lTIilnEElu1Ta3nlrro.rinitrI"rrrlnric"sctirliJ.ruilJ-u!rlo1plopo}r,\!nEJij-
.,rI
il
E-rTrrtn.lIrJ*i-l?i ]sroi,lrboor:][uEurJo].iPee-.-is]s"rpilnnul'rttrorolglrrpoaJldJ-cl]zar:nfi-,olarzpiJJrna,ra(dIl',p,gusoiciiluoa-lsif1tnitor;is1lor:lxrc*gcirprieourinrlliloroc^BsioJniauufuIorlltii.l";lr,;ligrl-iier.r,.r,r.,rf..is;r
p'BlpiDpoInrrInpJaJlnrpI oar:lIrsoe3pe"gjlrnunrilueaacrtcl-p-asieeapriaqrlull-c!lss Il'ltarrzpeuslierniltgrr.:-'1
Eo;tli:ptT
ut_rlio'i]ir.ii
o-:usdtr1'onSeuJ1u.uDuri1,,r's"ar''apiol,.ul^eugora1olsqng:ogoleldlirrln$nnsJprlrJstlE?neLrllJr"rTr'r'uL1lrea1JoiulliufEianl rgItaJqp:uIJerroJo'lA.tJraeanJppauutupJ1rJIrup'leialld1ud3useieilzuaiSaTsz;stgrotcass;,}lcrra.Lnrsi "n?edsp-as-prJd1,iinnlultsrltpIan',5.,{cr.it",t,:,ir-.rirr:rX':iil
tIIrorrluor+ppBplusIJBBeclElJL-lussyIea'iu1orupr11l6.driudlsr3:u1r3au1rIJnuol;ruduanaisslneetdzae.r'eporlJrreoRtdrl,eqn-JropJ'J1Snaa1JLosr1Ea.nrldrenirlcn3lEoB';fieu.cralJp,ernodeiolllraEui-T;ear,-;irIt.
IpcJ-'alroslsosJolrIn}onUlsscuJOuasroAqloSJuto-oSdrr1Elur*,ri'ir.ufl11BeiroacuIlr1'nrsq,c,de.rirp.norinJpl1lvn1elJlrtropr'.\1ropdInerJfa{,1fJ,uarrjucluuqleolaornutlrJarrlc-nDrir"odurSrrfn1nsTosl onpspauqluepJreJrnprr.u:irrlj;f.l"iictrlIotlJIeJl€nl1;j{l,uasvprasooI"rJriJIEAe'a1nssEiaodIa-a3lro)laSrnlep)popJuilrpi.irrl3rrfrrri"'Tl:rre].ra)1ilin1irtreunarnle{:nln.nrrnrurpnrppJi:rpoii:lti;s'el_i:l..iii,p,,trr'riil,ir
liii.ili'r,.-ri-i-1...-:3._r Lii[] u-LE-iP.. iUile,lOiS rlrL C.r-illjl'-\ 'Cl':ier1 ei,i*Ji.,i t-. .5 t:
ue'oolup.rrpqeurlavgrrepiBolqi3slLp1lrEs3ui3l8trilonrplluuilnluTIJeenc4-rrpJ'.n.rrplepiqBtonAsspn3sases.resle1ncdf,lrp..Jei srI*ip3orrppfeulErprqaEcrrpli,lEen;l3^i.dis'.:3usi:fai!.i)i:inir!];.i,:."!
asrfosul IuI J:pinplaatlnpprrvIBllrpcrlrDr,-raaTs-tnulnu.ppu-rno 'asalB 1rp1"ind nJ rE
'euo.rar1 'a1-{nJ EeJe afiLirs _ec,.un-rJ -irri:,,
n: ei*eii-i: :
qBa'IaJnoleuslaJBpaJIsnqCB-iLlsqupRl.oilIclluiJIrgnaJ'larSolsoairllsu.rnlnopIJr]rs:opar|lsl.ripJeJ'JBoRuIIleurl3r39rlou7r'noAollppnrpipplapsirJr^dlJprs:p\eprerrp-lilorpg..'oiiTu{uJldropqso:rs1a:e1tlplJaleTq,riopellrsrg-frr1l'g1_eal'cgrr:rallr.uiuru-1uef)t.l.,:.;,i.::11,;
laaI--lnooqscUIelin;D;sIil'pr)Bpol'-lIutlo,Ir1a-lorqispSuu,J, oollnllp'6TriIllIraiupaIBpnitllpr-1atlpdlg1lJuspnerooliaJpcJ;loai^ssrrJdlItnoida,etiraincu\lopsrlreuJortrronrJdaj1loau3'ennfra1nnurgpilsJrnesAns1f€arolen;alroaaDllrspco;oaldulIBr)rnccafrerllouuJoaJn;:sln1po-BrrluruB'eraaru.irlrilloJunu'.al;lnn,:sJratlesjln.rrrlqdlorooEro.tp,liJpiriEodlznEpe6pqlJrnEl-zoop1aI;lpI.uaroto.lJpnpls-iEJ.r3-oLi]r.a1rir,ir,nud:rl]io"lopaIu,]aLiJsorr:ioi'tll:i:ii:rl:
I-(alafosglluJu'dort''llyrro{J'sara'lrluJlctenuylpaglpraBrd11RallcIlloqaaolrrelnIuSorrsr$BdrJrplsgp,Ibulglncenlriolellanride'luderrauadoorBgaed;nBllIopIBuBrIaI$aJI1)?lnonplasrIrIanpuJpurpJldJo1nne,1oOrruq6ruln3r,gporssoglplIu.rnrreorirnrl,rrailrlrnlsir;iu.l.:rrislji
erI$oop-lropnIiollnl3alDpr1lJrSs1oausprg16rel^rnpR6rl!guaseeacIon(sIaarpJrnsl puprBfp,aorrfelrqljguqrlnunD.zrgoDruuIrulsppru-JJrlor,1,l.,)oarrsleaausannpJlu)lroo1iu5rurloauf-rrrpn-irarsrrii
sJolul urp-t^l 'aplrJlsnl6urlsl erpBrrrrapDapUop^oSlo.^aJopdoJpgau1ld6 rserrras o ulv
agpoJ pop l$-ps pInsql-orrrpl lpoaq
'plslri rep
cu noul cluce in aceeagi sitlalie, pentru c.1 E, Sa mi r,'ecle bucuros Fi
qrvftai"iescnfc1a1ecrcfl.maitrai"teionncruaeiial usSVfdrafibnifnrfic&n,teimaacnlteiizSnlooedarmuQ(cpcuaea{emtsprrlaeiinn9IdEiiuo1c(liiLls.ieueaI)tdnbtd.uecoclterlte,ae"mp.patedI.al7upcr0raaiB)rt,rmeeidmngeutsbepsmo,ei,niricinunCeileveassocraeairriteisiduof/craGmienroateeanraleezsacafiisgi--sml'aatae/i--
tautlint ic,le,,liur,crrbuit"c,ecrlee-calefdcacuctemaami paui fminaldeurpearoltaesAclmintoraertgeeanStielourinoiriuslutrii:lionri
care trdiau ia curte vol l5mlne in Serviciril norilui duce, ,,prin opela
Ducesei care cloreSte, spre a continua mai bine nrenroria Seniorultti
sdu, ca aceastfi cilstitd companie care-} servea sd nu se imprd;iie""
$rrneiacasuesnrifodegl1taiCnUaldsrtbmiginleioom.noeBr,aielcdiaapsSsaiatrrBoeenmcraibirogiiiglmoi rem.sasCegarnsPitfiigiecltilrolonGepiulfal,itdairrndeostdrdibeleu'MgtueelldulioicirArrndtr--e
cliiei, ectaGseu,svteisraGnuaic1loobracllcintiutlJuribJinairtDieureciis, ,oinfrucmaroeapsdoveepstiset$otled, latind rie
Vita in ampLe
piU1emrigoarandcicslleitnncilleiclleeVrmoantbicioeannseuc, rluvieii,aifcnais,nddisipanrdsivotaisleliiteignaiemR;toeomauratenvaedsuiatletlioarngmucloueritisliv-llaounritfeGifeuliiitndl ouo-t'
biccSqnraoltiieutiislnsonJcciiroertoFii..1lruaoIEictmlniiltqmfeteuienaoUlrotdlfeoriruab"cqcfiiunerleiutotmusioin.eferisBiNi,iiugeusvsgmituiirapsbniBiuefoltatenrtSfcmetelaiolbncadsordfuoiinudl:eepcnexterofieiirdn,eidmnecFtdpcariclauliriaonpernmrdupditrcoaeeien9levBldiceodeabltco,rrrdoieircsna,aiatlzuddcad6oaeldu,,lrsicenpSeficnifesirgiga;sinisruitmEirinrnclaitiodisi:ltna,eudnb,nm,ooedAabetetmCrianli'iv."oe-"taoctlptr'mr.teii!-i-
Cu rloartea clucelui pierise gi veselia curlii din Urbino' Emilia
PbRnssodreioaaamlt,}ilraeaie$ltie,et;cirec,nlc,iDnbecsouaiRlzcgeiroicinisdmaCdsatairin;esacstcaeiegublpulirtieaon;i innIBssuegudicbirsiriebsdeueiee?sdnmtcrIaendii,nndcccdgudaaiiriecnereseuuc-r-n,itesedidnnasbviraciueirnciisiinauueercldBissimtmeeeemasmpfrcboeeaoaoairtldtcosueuhpli.rii"ine'rBiurDt,ieu,biuSeabcaiclieadecsE;nhaasleaiscncarliliaeue--
ne puoi tener blono, che hai potuto tanto" scrie Bembo glumetului
N,foccicone. Intimitatea deveni tot mai strinsb intre trista cluces6 9i
r,onteie cierntil : acesta ii servegte de secretar Fi scrie cu mina lui toate
scrisoriie lrimise marchizei la Mantova.
Viata cle curte sldbeSte gi Castiglione e silit de irnprejurdri sd
ajuneyii rirzboinic. Papa Iuliu II, in ura contra Venefiei care nu-i resii-
luise oraqeli: clin Romagna, inchipuie liga de la Cambrai, care avea
s.1 cluci Serernissima la un deget de pieire. Francesco Maria lu.ase
locul iui GrLiciobaldo ca gonfalonier al Bisericii. ln aprilie 1509, Ve-
nelia e ercomnnicatd de papd gi ducele de Urbino trimis in Romagna
sar recrlcereascd oragele dintre Faenza gi mare, pind Ia Ravenna. CaSti-
c1lione, ct"rpitan al unei companii de cincizeci cdldrefi, e obligat s5-i
;i sd porneascd la rizboi i cavalcare, cum spuneau frumos
echipeze N4ijloacele lui erau siabe; ducele ii pldtea aceleaqi subsidii
italienii.
ca Si preclecesorul, dar cu aceeagi neregularitate. Madonna Luigia se
sinqerd ca sd trimitl fiului cai, provizii gi frumoasa armurf, lucratd
de meqterul h{issagiia de la Milano. Baldassare prefera, desigur, tih-
578
619
e;e.*rp!"lto[Jie1oer1{n1iu: ulLJ']+nlInniozJspul'rrl*pr'ulrosrqouztlieplrodJeppdIlJI1Ianilduras1rrl:petglTe.ru'p0t1pIgureIIrua1ll*Spoorpuar.udrosrndeu'praau1pr1e1r'-ottop(1rioplcaufu,uigrtupo1o,1]t
€aJp uJ p.rpqpl ep rgfar;r alrrJozru rer daruJ '1e tS elSaurocl auori6psu3
'pIOr\I{-L{z}oed.iluF! lpprlSr-rru.PnSrr}lpo}^soorJrVa'BoAoulluqprt^o\i ap alo)np Jpp 'nRs lnlil}plrl,JnJ
InzrqJreur ad ltrrresrg I€ .leru
ap
*ciegrio6 el elSarunn Ini InJol ri1 rS 'iaqar 13 rolgpprl i-npulurnu gf,ru
-nurolxa 1i 'unerg rnlnlulJs Ip IpsBA BJ I-npulAIJd 'IIX crlopn-J Inl Ip
+pllp 'p-rpr-rod op alornp ed 'plllsurliad nou urp apurrdp laJlsp IS i irDq
-rug ! lron! i eIIplI ulp gcseeuoF 1-gs ctlqe aJlto r1f, eer,t 13 '1et1e ngs
{nlq3ar\ '1a}uerg 1r-L1a6a-r pr}rroJ pldea.ipnl os 'erlauan nJ ulnJp letgct'ri1
*tr1 nrini ecle6 'p1r3-tlJs EJa nu ario1i611spJ Ini E 3lrrroclzer ap €lartp3
p{'BJJLnsIieapqalp:slro7'ldonn1trp6ostsepolersuornerA$JBlpsrooS-JroopuuunB1d)ruplErzoeAJara€nIlOaiznr;ulavalluusooreJ116ard'11leu3sn€rlslJsull1Iuanpfli,ntpullnnnulraJoareilprrrlocoaclInrlJllnl/UlIcneelrJrJorlSiirlpcaaotdqpp
asl*;aSu6ouuoaui1:3rl,lrqtd1prus'reJolraA6ee.rr1Sopnscyn1sl;"ppae'pulsrnrleepuuifg-oairlpreu'pppraquteuirecoa1irsUeSndeJpodtsulsopoauocrpnple6sg'r,IlrEInst-1areJI-dnJrpEeps'3lllanrIeSutdbnntnaoI11larpuoea^ac;1eert6p:ulnldllqnpa3oarsPilaaBJurlLau{{usJapoualJsaJl nalrprJ}pdssu'oolrprcqulpuupsDnlapalIgpEzs
uru ps r-npulunds 'eirn; nl lzader 1J locleu ed rep 'aunq aqlol nl asrind
-gpBa-sr3cIlopJleprlpill:liarlosrIesu6oppianrprnnl-neJurpololtp1[pcinruaplraol-purJrtJS'\p:]iI-JagooprJsllrV,Ssn)eaarp,'JJrpou.puou-plpr1rJEooruCpdolealtIe{In'Spd0pzeaIrllgqdllraerIrrslpeapanrlpqrlJlorpaara'elrrslddoIrJqsaeOaa1f]rtlPee}lalSuolleqvsRIBtJqo:sJJn'EIlBulI3UpEJIPUIlO'l(^JuaUrui1etprlsS€gagalltayrddRepoetaIueSBlslnc{uallIR'llol'iuapJsuattl{cpatqo1udlJ.lnreosui1idlJt!l
',e4o:ulqoatfalrrslfufppp,aureon}lnrIAssru]r€dso\oplrlallLpdurpId.npoBrrpJr1c1aIrln14qogsU1r.blori?€cpr1laJz.slIiaplro'loa:uuolscuopluall1Js)ercoprlleusrnl)rrsrruunuIo'n-iltoroupgf4plessata'rnprlt-ng,aolItdpolrpobenJqudpnTpn]edLsIuesInepa'JgltipmnBrfaezlJulsuuiIqt'Iaaeopfr,rrln\lsplpaplacluB1nJudrI'trlnnIapsp1pdnJJpopppIdc1Itl]lidllesIleu'neqtfl1zurllenOs1Itqsorutur,lJ1tlraogr'grp3aouuuplsInoSrnqzltl.t:Jttp.elaodlrlp€{tapei1IaqttCPrtteepals[lt]iLs.e.Snr\Illiil
'-:J{:unaJtlurszroTaooiflilr6lJJIteiressupdirJ,SI,I'l'llarnBurrIlrlderld,el\ueItIprIiLrllLnaJIgdJrpoorJcSlus1lenasa1pnascaclanr1lqe1r3dr'1,petIp-dIuuanlJoIoolqin1l €aol uippatpdlrpvplJdl'llaon'lrqueuzpsrPduImr.nllUIeaJcpplsauPoplzJnEla+TslJisanoPJlao{St:Jo}"
-nll alalelure rS protr u1 luarfaue1 od pu16u1r3u1 'lefuerg e1aba6
nq-6zrgmlpprprtu+Jarnofnun{urldll:\{prlnLpzuuuop-rnrr6luuiJreptifslen'JolrprtutlJr1touupursone'uaplJnlluppaeolJpbrtjuJurloelilsJrla'os1tJSpena!LpssuUq1eOonp}Fnu,l,eruo{f6dp3OlbnaEIo3nJiqepI'nu{rir{oprDrluu}rnInreIeJqpa-Pase'I1r1llauluflounrl1uuvsalJ",i,+'rtu:uins.n6+Innnqrlldnnxlrilo{engiqei)f}
€re*{tnsrllrptrlruzolsrnarlaurJjcapiipulIrlaslpatldurr+rlerrlIlrroRS1orp3Ep1d1JeIrllaJudpsiapod.Jp-rap-uraplglluounurlilaPnapalqrrpdrur:oEIr:pdJueslpt'o9rngps'oalac.zrtdllaonuoctllr{toi5puaq"ncz'aqIeonlerq'rpdzllusoReBaidJaoduoaJIlonlIlll.rnpaI.JlIlosea.q-uI}uzlsJlPaeeorloaJerpIeIa]uU€JploesAalE'ugBlJralt€tlPltpaulJlIl
descris, nu fdrd ironie, de martori, oratorii veneiieni gi secretarul flo-
rentin Machiavelli. C6pitanii pontificali strdluceau prin inacfiunea lor ;
papa ii numegte nebuni ori trdddtori gi merge e1 insugi la asediul Mi-
randolei. Cetatea LeordaofvinicuotdPgioi ,arpndorarttfc, udepucofinnteisnaaiFnrtaencinessclaujTbraivpualzpioei,'
vllduva contelui
i.n rf,zboiul contra Venefiei. Aceasta era gratitudinea lui Iuiiu II. Papa
E.ra furios conLra tuturor $i mai ales contla ducelui de Urbino, care in-
't".rr[.i)i,;cn'-ezgtnidoaelfesiiaXl.cndSpLpeuiipntjaupdnoritimiui pnagenui ornciloa-eripsraueiilbeltsuuzirpidbCeuardirtsiultdeoceseMlmeciriiidairvenieadU,ogrIolbnenijinu.i orp,,f,Pe, catEapoiartebi-lbeinaststriebrcmzariiradeii trimisul
pe rincl
sii vind
acegtia,
cii va t6ia in bucirfi toatd garnizoana, cI va clSrima Mirandola pinf, la
prirnint pi cir apol se va duce 1a Ferrara," Prin zXpadi 9i zioati, ponti-
isiceefledcsutaspin.irEluaraniuinri albiuri vdreosi oslciilai{ni,trineclienrncneintadtue-i la asalt, iar cincl
zidurj. printre cei dintii.
€-lasiiglione ia parle gi ei, dar cu iuirna strins[, la asediul Miranclolei :
]-cdo"".ico Pio ca ;i contesa Francesca ii er"au irrieteni gi in sufietul lui
rlezaproba. neclreit'cul rdzboi at papei. Acoio i-a venit ideea frumoasei
t:i::iii latine ce scrie mai tirziu -_ singr:ra colnpurere literalii din
,rc:,: ani zbui:iuniali Ft'osopopeea Lutlot:ici Pjcj Mirancluktni: pe
clnii s-ub
veghea noaptea ziclurile celdfii asediaie, luna hiciud deasupra
E.:rilezii'care acoperea totul, i-a apdrut spectrul trist Si lnsingerat al
l*ri:n:iiaaiiipsiLercoi,vicilcatouef.aiarieLcorgltriiP,e-dribicebui,Lrjitcueinidsngiiia;niinfcndiaeors.ure1-,s-ip.eEiiirsmditonelnretuLianlt.rgpLnronsapelluiotciuauriruletirnile.oenr$altiSupbmia,aopcrerebtitu,iallrltleueimalnlptsureluomarcaipia,rrirneDn-dia5leari
6i s;:eclrtil clesokii-il ciispare ir-r itoa;;i.i:...
iMndirndizanie.,a.ai:seiii.ndueascaocclehidi ucplitr cucerirea Miranclolei. Ducele cle Llrbino
ni:
fnriosui siiu u.nchi; ca s5-i felicite cie
vpssiiric.iel'iziiogeerisrine:cfchii$ui(cpi-iiris:lidi,rE,fiuararrcaireong;roctisslaipurEre'e-liaeSu,fiaitmnrpiutuilrdiersotaeasteg:piepaslliCpaeara[sisrcnItei"agnlCiaco)aur,rrtestdr5,in;iI:liuainirliciittlluotcrrlieiIs9penieairc;jeiemnnlefautiiie-ltlnigrliSlzl.oosinnirii
feheriiiiteasTlSocrcraLlemfraaccsneocseStzlirniio,cziidzaeirn-pt e-i_nCailsasctpirgaitsiioaocrnileitezacsi:a1itimee FlfjarloarnncicilsieaesrceaoctetL-a"afsatpriioaiinncfeeiilneeigtreatrreiicu.i--
hainle c1e a ataca Ferrara, papa se duce in prirndvard la Bolog;tra.
Ari se intinlrld catasirofa, Oragul e atacat c1e trupeie franceze sub
t;iriiirrirl nrerr.rol Trivr.rlzio. Ca sd nu cadd il rniinile dugmanului, IitlittIl
i'rLr.ge la Ra.,.eirn.r. La apropierea fraucezilclr, Bologna, uttde leg;atul poit-
i.:i:,"ii, cardinairtl A1itlosi, se fdcusc oclios, se rer,olLii; legattll fuge 1a
L::roia, Ili"rcelc cle tlrbinc r.ree sii se retragii, da,r Trivulzio taie cirumul
t:'li;r.lcL;;ontilicalc, 1e lnfrinc;e, ]e iirtnirt'cgLe qi face o praclii imensi.
[;arriglicnl scapil cu liafa, clai piercle totttl: cai, ]:agaje, ,,Nu m6 pling,
s;i.:'i: narnei saie, cii.ci sla-,'),i Domnuini sunl shni1.os, Dacil N{agnificenfa
''r.',-r;.-.;:lrir at'e piilej, itri r.'a facc r:iare plircere trirnifinclu-mi ce"a cX-
:,,r,rIi, scr'lfii cie fii:, batiste;;i aileie, ciici a:ir riimas gol." TrivrLlzio
i:r,r.i ir: trittirl iir Proiogna, Betttivoglio e rlsturual, iai statuia lui Iuliu II
{-il:'".:.at5 cl: }r.fici:e1ange1o e rttptir in br:cdti : Alfonsc d'Estr: topegi-e bron-
ar.- 5r-;i face Liir tun pe care-I boteazd ,,Cit1ia".
590
r89
osESJOIB oujclJft op olocnp 'Euriolreg pdng 'aloluecis olageuile op pleleu
ouon"-;rtlJoRptqu1JaltpEr'epranruoadnuloellpoeueqp1I6lzuBo1R'oeBfi$r,rusn4IrIuo3soBEspdIfzlJaiIraulotppununJJr;JSenap1eIr:gJrta1rgourlsuSrlnlconua'Iro11sAreo0ud:l1fzurlu'uurBTnaeegus1rld.uu1,Iro1Il$uJtA1BsoIineprpuUalnaupz,utgqoei\lai1Jllg,Ju1eoc,aB3,gpRileJ;jp:eaJ]Jr1ir.ydruban!qJ1raisurlao3siRlucre,r1Isg$rIrZolu:lsoipa;,reu,qpJezauuoofIJr€unildrqJoalJfatBr,u.soarlIJalluJpgllrIillupsIa,nolt:sluInJuulpeIlIIIr11nnnglS1ltIlcr;ll,oueqleJnraL6npeJre1;I
er ap Burroper{ u1 [eu1ro1ao':,i'']# 3l'?'..jtgt',,1ij3""1'J',tfnif;'lJ"'"t
ali-npurrle ,rou nrlriad ,* o, ,n,o,l[tffJ":]:J"J';H:, i:i:f."tiS,",',"1""1,i,tJ.1,,1i
Eeo-au-ruurts1rplcuaurlrrn1rcdr'BpdaoarulJplelcpeprlduu:spln^aprundldfe,lnoaelpsudPlpqgl'uurcsune'oplJBou.on,rpp:d)nRJusJllol,usa:uooIunnulenldnidsIunalolnxnploruprcilossIcdJsltrIlr)Jrparrtrusroupssosnnrrlftle,lrlneJeIirn,no1Jusz1rnlperr1lngrodolc10ouar:RrpnrJq^fru,Br1rlEI;fSggae1pJoinslrnaJuol.o:uar6$llprour1orrl6r1uarr1era*od-ruo;:s;p1srqo,ola,;J,uugnIrlrurrlorolrrrcqurl
: er01n1 lauuopuru p!ros ouoribllsu3 ,11c1 orrqrualclos g1 e1
rj;::iil:;g--IgSnqn*qe.d'zeeuPssirsJnnlpBrzpsdpJeEcao+udEeis,cIn1Iet1aaesrpdp.og16algsnu$dllsgngualso{lpnaerurcrzTrloaolrn,ir{dldtJli,1g1p,ensc"1d-trru1u$sr.rrsi1a1i;lsnrlu.lrr?1aelncip1tl'PTlalerr:slcl"r-ireino3,.p1xsau:il'f,realf"aur:uI,r.nrrr;prsi"orlr;l:auppnrlA;re]iaalfuelfnal;so;ipoq-Trragn-iaS1lrrn6ll.orsrcl1-einpaurPirrl
eIa-4--nuJnara{C;ipinl;upesJio1J-arJpgueNpasuc'JppptlrunjqrA'1EriJee'o1lOo1$l1D,uA,\rol€rlaql.IolrSrooalpaipI.o1JucrSdIjlrpLJpllirneret]Serzz?ar3rnslrSllneuceaacdeeulslaluoSeu'corr$raruuis..oleronedc1urc[u1rlalJfansnno.rrlrur3cJLlJrStriaiprulnrsIiBrdnorloJns]aJ]rBorlq/laoJroosJiJrppIc1uill,-Jlpnotlsgo1o(,1.elXpl$eoasurLufruolurror1aooalr.nl.c,_-rrtAJ;elreco\B:11irsriei1.l,.iraeirol0.;il1istorrorraJerrr-ilpn^_1lr,6,r).1elnre[o),.pt}ilD.eiLplor}r1lIJ_-C1peiioclsaprX-priii
a-aepu-unp1perlplusifl'tg1lapldrUi1lJapupgzuBocoBuBnrlfrlSblduboauos1ni31Npipls1aJ'1:pec1'pEA$id3peeopodsaI.rrp1n1prBIl1lueoo'1rfopq1,plluuluI]nrnr}BllldqrpoorbapJr^Drfolis6EstflIolI'anpaaif3il'llponprulRellsolrorlzrsl,ilTlriapnoafuqJ;.scprpliprsplrugenoanolsf5rl1)slornnzeuEprplll?:looLJrps:urcanl:rurri3ppluUrtEulnrarctLzplrsrrirsopncIIgrplroapn€przJaferlrresrtnspal;*ep6t,rprrao.{^uga:sIdaras3seeouuluao,glgrr1srslnrdaopapc1n's]sJlind6uL1rapolrppIl'pceeosir,apIrrdilaSurIenlgJ'dipeullnIusi11ltd1pcoaontpeldi]s1B;ljI
&acg-ep-nlrTit{pefnrpi'auRcR^pn6oaJudzuoJpdrpnldpror.neJ;3rAul*ucsueu1u1or'lrinpro-fJ$eglp*rIufIsnu1Ii5rIaqanr1no€uuin1^l6lpl3Buuonuaugr1Iluld3po1onar'g3sssrl1€opeBlullul6ll1rrr'allS11'li1lpeRp3-nupdo1lrrlJesrdJ^p;coeuzgtats1:.pfi{Jpu6arronrs+ruagIJunora'sJeg}zounanlnrarrJlBopduusuppJnpprBlpruIJlf;dsIIsl,ogrloorId1'nroJpIdIE:aIuIl}lpsesvuBooduplrd.lrJIreopnnrrdfaJ:J.l,eeorJau1ruJuupo1rlr1:zplnqRofrodrsiuppe1f!olriRll1ceapJarpca[lu}{rlprd\jJ|er1aIuo3aInpunuptllIpiaaauroSprorun{eisuJrrpSnull:}l)
&tfcSierazrrReiiruqortreenezaittsorsliea[m-ntgdfidsi Rp:coutBm1l 5eaanrgsmtneivaarov,tegipcileaiiiolpepaeolnasizteigdfiiiconsanpdlioretezaacifcpioautidlmtpraacdpoBeenifotir;nlaoifgtuFinvseee.rsiDr,eaiurnrpeedifc.uaZczreaaetd-.raienMrcntruaidc-i
se umileFte Alfonso d'Este, ducindu-se ]a Roma sd ceard iertare teri-
hilului pontifice. Ducele de Urbino face insd rizboiul contra Ferrarei
{drd sd-i fac6. Soacrii-sa, marchiza Isabella ela sora lui Alfonso d'Este :
piiaurmiinildcuueliirueeaiiIC,,,adfusiftfisig;aillileovlaleetdt.oimFarp:saoingictsre.irbsacistoee"Mc. dagrpiiaaatsratofreneluaFl letserdrausrllavcc,aeism$etpi :os5itzrigfvaoacn5vinoidnintrdfeein-i
,plPoenstaifriocalllee,upnapSafoirizadXcaalecesset fienutocrlsienseco9ni tsuul psuonlcinledi oragui obedienJii
nepldtite' Ducele,
gi serviciile iui Castiglione, care-i insolise
pinenlotrauteainrdlrseppirSintideclreiled,initia d.lruiegte in
clomenlul pesarez castelul c1e ]a
F,lor-i11ara, cu'frumOase venituri. Cum rt6m vedea, Contele nt-l avea Sa
5e bucure mult cie acest dar, nici sd tragd mare profit'
CUdFervlvlieeenuc1cstirplbsfailVdtiecnriteiitouac'arc,rreestinMocipenpoertaoirirainocsinphosdcatLr.iruusmeitMg'eplpcigriileeiiniainiindscndcfgiaoceisinilnieeitStsteaorepifbnaocecadttrecadodzrttuiaaraSglcc,qsaieiortirterlalreosuasi,poftnemalcnFeluoamdflnorirr,ca.o9reletcmoifIenndrqcei,fc.iuancdieLmtaerrlare,ednsirpieRnaa'e'eesvuolinsnpanmftitilisirrurraquaea$ltfipdeisp,ae,aieuvnlipintimaurrac-isnluamuctiaEitainuimms1idene5cencpu1ieiol3tlltadeoarouoepbrlacrrdtfe"ad.iugll.atielfrliizeLeneiedlaa',l'
dh spiendide serbdri }a care prezideazd mdtuqa sa marchiza Isabelia
tcdnEcr$rrelleee'ieiEallllcoutstatefietntaiiceiizrgc.oB.ietllLieiliNinrocboCntlibraduocepiiiflmeeiusiaCunUelelur,aaac.bri.blsd,i1inaFita,1eni6,,lgorrlo1clialrn'iaioboe,nsommnenupterflpiifaercraBuada,uirntmeIsaldcerdqnsionna5odamsaeusitpcrneu,tddmirrdnoucMiatinca".iuie-irSna,aadpnleorriirdaneneie,fr,ajieocndlpfpuhsdriarcur.lmoierimndOrzipttieoitirrnimlead'uTMtsdsopiddcS,enuPadsaidirnlupitaecesopruioddrr,fgtauzae,tilv5liiurcpde_idommgoaciiutvhharaeireeet1sulirmzcotjatraeiaicsa,nr,Cazmpse5eulaerie,ozlgJan1aarIiCzndanotties6a\cg"lppulsuiortiaeglielcrni"r-*it
Cc:&F*sr,per-.ral.aairani'toninlooe1cifrtti,eeesuur.isalc"{c\n,un,tortsleBoeeincraNsneeuletcfsievanllcaii.ifirhsnieceSSac'ioaip)eo,,rne,sealtcvi,sabtpiesavebocpirlv:oaoeenpltusceouutrltereibaub,$lcledtiaecornll,uatelulalu"lgicadlsoiiuetneerlitiiarct,"setod:ufltindtnrva;itceaearci-tr,aemesocludhccdsrniuaeiaculrrcninioonsaptmotu\rearialnapr,prmculeoaiseatceecerrezda,otsztaoztriue:veitledtadsiaLmapeondigeadsuCunoucsdsavertitsiCiur|c-dtPreroii--ii
}Cssa:ss.irr}indn,.ox,rarojcni--rvrirFirtDcimnieeiteiuelipaieacnmucacicttraraubuudAirtlrimarenaal5lfairao.limcsusnadeiueanssiencttocaeavulciarcinhdamlaodaUiefnluieodurilRbla.ulbaii"snoin,u,eroPFcsrit.ia56ouecu.crtrapiarDar:rtatnio,,murahtaSpcrvpo,ieeamaudnlnceliluirritsdcruclseuolireovnCsvpmescooecenlraalundeenvzc-elgsuidaefgialuiusaniSitIpii.ciis.9gahnCaplMeiibiucoamceainBrlldrinteeaeilbpiupitsutdjerai5sileeaei-Iden1tI]eaadairlltuglaeea$Msip,ieUirRanccernloce5zabthviioinlenneaivtnr-ioelaeeaf-'.i
582
r8g
rnioJtp Inzlua"r ill lxolald rinq r{n asrsR6 Edpai 'o-resEJE p}ElIlop p}se;-iri
ozaTJollalr qs pstoH Ei srrilIr} nJ oiro116rlspJ"l11lelLlp gJsBadpl r*ps pIc.i.\.
af, lltlal Eplrpruos qns oldnl qs pznJa_{ orirqln op elalnc 'ozua-rcT aii
ut-ionnrinrleD3lIunp-nrlpo'JolLeurir€aruJrlcl0n-IriuTrrd.Dcnilr]cuurnnaEIqscaElppspdpurTlrrlgparJul^'rpipor)ulrpplrorlInnq{]spon1Jcaa'soi{6otui)ernuqrzCBlpfJ):p)c.oi'o.r}lrrlt)TierrorrlrJaTlnoseSlrDifnclplnIlppnl .c;prao'srtjuue,iaotclliieaupldijiSu,,orIoniilllrri:or-.ri,d,a-lii
aI'-rrEalloBIilrltsTp\t.pJrrraJpC,o\p-1'rl-ulJrloolonI3i,ltii1un.rJliololIlunsniropnrulo-rrru]pa?ldu,sroipl3lsrr-lrp.orlellrJiu]u-to3tRrlllJBaooldtJrgTrTqroIuelisAeaapIS-)urselRJpoansesoroo^ucTlntoladlopedXoeu11ret]i0ooaaiou"slnTc,rji,,oo1a,ltrrl1sRcpltlaSnn+r-,eir.]1]r1:i5;J
Ee'e''gnoTgrIpqlrnsrogqsnlnuJTpL3rnJniupcJlonildicllnLDol'erdlnuaolor:rllu)Elpo1p1Jc.:rrpIl$flel,rornrirzl-nnruulr1lroool"nur.lcpcr1aol[Je-Jr+oI6$lo1urallul.1rr,-rlE1srl0rotorindridleulaprruJsl:prpdra'pcaeqcr'l,llre,jsloegcl:pl3uTerccr-]st1rulrcrnIr;ptarpcs}np"l,r}nirsJrLlJ.oulr]rf]onr,o3aoJ6crr,1rn+^lsdero,nrosIeeguEu<peslru1uJerrr-lJJirri1i4nron4r;EpLro,srri,prroollglrnnsTboelnnleriol1aupofnfsl',iri;!l-:.3ii.,-iril
-oclen e1{Iper1 pulnrrr}rroJ 'x Lroaf 'oulqril op rniofrlp narnir"so.iap pllf
-atciurl nlncl r-rri auorlerlse3 ,pclecl el-lur1 ect ea.re a: inlrparc iol n:)
-od puur;nor r"l gfuro.\puncl op rrruas un 'pJellr^oN rnlnlolsEJ Ersos
BJ'e1afur1*ounr is:rleuroicirp
aa-Iln-usrloJrDtprSl+DInro1fl,1srrnJtelrr3uurrE6erLprnuirnalro:l.uureco:]lSdrra-ia1oas-lloroopr,lLt\rodt'day'lpu'onunlpoupsouarrlatolallrpolpo.luerss6role1flsndnzuuppp1,l\rrz'aorurAq1rrrceuIlasea-p6nloEp.nouUo1lrq-lrlnue_cirJrtrl1cas:t,-renpT3nLrane,.OaiacirirsilU:aai iiliI
e--rl-plrnAJiBepelo1-r1rpuJaoJlUeaplo-lirJcoJlpIlpl'lllTeEr:LlrrrailinnrlnepcJlesreceplnrfs1rppnrel6Jralo1rlorsqr rls1Ero-ur]enlulsnrnrpoclerlerpcc[ilnn1iuriuolrlaaodfcuieerl.rsrrorr-n1nT1nnerso.rnLexr:
Tugrar'lunollnneloreplrirgnlr'tIroSellJs1cTrgr:lllunuqriIrrrlononerac1JfJglll€rapppLuouuaranrlcrnllnplo-Jrrrporrnsnd^llnaopppjrusrdprponoorJTururlr'o)ofnpquiurJl,asulrorslJt$lrlerorpope3pareglupl'ru'pegorIpnrloDerrrJeliasranliiroeJaunn,c16eilllttueLuIerirJio1nlsJrltspoqraqrodqxdoolelprgrfl:ol1sorrleuprou]JnaJrcnprzl.usr,:o'\rparparlnnspclpseElnp]orllfrrs^l-llnr;iprrrplr1llro,uJ:x\olplocpcScl.lrprs1ln1up01o:or0ifglngoJa-1nrIirrs.rrr\,ua\oclpuopllT..iliioaoo\lr1i-e1sl*I;;l
-apg ecled 'rlsrrreurn rs r1sr1.re 'rferolr1 ap arrropouns aspunpp os a,rpJ Er
pJ'xosrpreposaeo,q\rpLrrrnrpu1perr]:r-are.nrnr]o'orrl1lor6rdorn1p-srneea3.rl1danscrlrarporsppEJala_laJrljpapof,arn]ppJs,ro'-p{nfl,prsqJa]r1ljJ1lnluppo-lsc.olpsLe-La,,r]lo-prEunllJprEIoIlpurrlrnrLjiir]r,Er
-.]r TJ p.\ o-rpr p'uoDpeaz.\u*or3o:-\al'r*prn*lrrrr1xar{1rnn:d'rror1.r}ro, la*.l,norTprrptffouoj"*a1ur:rlp:n1irtJie:rtD:"tia;;ii
rS o:11a1a1uo1r;
roIIoILr!nl.lrrsrla.olnEra-:n\l|r,ppsplBrltuelrroorrllapipsJpLlrr^Lropr[crortrloJpnrIJeoVSsealo,aorilsa$1rtrp6zsra'pupr11r1]accelrllrllrnlp'nol1lco.pesrurlhurgxou[al;r1Ic1iJu,r[eir3dpopuJanr1eE1T.JilrrIexJd:dnancerlirrsTcloalnorSrIualniorrrrolqneeorulrjrtt-ro]r:gocipicurl:]f1llunr1ciogieeliprrp_p'J1riraJ:cJlalqlipl{;]oo-atarr:otnpdp{c:f,J,laEepiope.lrrla.TniproI-erJluc?up6srer1prlAr1rnll!r-aqtii:Ea.o.lris)}s:r
przmtmaceeedlsguininnutiecoeptdalerberutllaaiouFFbaitfarocrd-acfiarliaene6tnreeclaeufaUelreieie.nrrciaia:blVeeo.idIlnirvecrFueoegittcaogftaeeiperellsileitleuinueleeniseFscefMrilte$n.auearnuiielsncctaiFsndit,sdrlimlaccneaonuciiiclrceFiieatisgsoicntaaiacmneondrI_abceSsurriseseifluesocsin6rnldzot1Idas,jc5rnuee.1pul_OlP5aalpna|eptiitapnnrBia6lsadtnoterosealsnoapeaesigremseenafnca^iaricdt:cnar.uelt;EaL5lrtasiendMisptorsiuldernaadnidrjncciiXuangooiscn,npustpafpirpepbrnirelrroiiaoeel---.
!n vremea aceastar Castiglione face dese cdlfltorii intre Urbino'
Riclaotimroiamr aigteei Nog4aiamlnaetonBvio,al,ioasgunisnalinssiidnmcppllaeptdiieeetzupeteiinnadaceiennstiet cacaaruvezagaleeplruaic'truFoltrniavunalsutc,iisascdbuiIl,. Ducetre
cunos-
9i fidel
piArgSFeiaiolrtaifdaotozrrrnnodnurcensienmiJisglsloaceu5Arllpeftrsusi.tdoXladresiz\drrutIaesooidaeia,pagfessrdlndriAinid-incg-deIdqitnriictnoefpXsdaurteemdsfpmirciaunerdniieleaeeilainodoitdngupeedeilcidarasapmru6rA..ttulaoepLt,nriqaaimcssiBid"auuopnllflotruaueagvinopCoLaSaeurrtiprdoe,.srnatoeepmaaX1rsnuii.csluideAldusateiie,udmllensalbueecaaRiisi.anorCeUdvtaegeolsterrrreeeul;ei-'-'l
iCrcn-aiitrrrieuie,Daiiuo.elacuuI,iSdiidneFerusrrepaauadun;iccccefadaesrcpcdiueoninstceMeaalelsuapalcarusilreaieteAascc;lluieudbczoIsauisitrdleii,diuilecaeesI.lIpPpdrleaaoippilteaadeaemasecrecleuofiifucclu.ereezia.lgueaidlu_urdlec-ecdff,eueaulzuicuiltudaldupreiddtaUienirrupaabelbiivnnsrdotoeriulna-:
ssdprlienini ennicoiroocsireeaamc6l.uZcaedluair,nGiciuinliatenrovindetoMti epdriiectiemnioi acreelotrocdemIaai Urbino.
in acei
tiinp. Povestim in altd parte cum s-a zbdtut Isabella d'Este ca sd sal-
veze lronttl g;inerelui sdu. La sfatul ei gi al lui Bibbiena' ca o ltit:tri
Elisabetta venise
incercare, ciucesa vdcluvf, ea instiqi ]a Roma ca sii
incluplece fpdegdndeumieiglotesunl ir5niicin:grraetpuel tpdoInnteifriceeu. Papa o primegte cu cinsie,
dar nu-i c5. Francesco l\4aria e un
uciqag ;i u1 trf,df,tor gi cd trebuie pedepsit. $ederea bietei tlucese Ia
Rcf,i,aogiiimndpaub,iceieuitnlnreezclilseet"iies-v-iauejisulftpaialtnRmf,oimtqmocaatartttfoidmdrriedpi uodclcuodurpeeladreCriliai.ai slcsntadigrctsmieoiiall-efnieei,cmileinpfeluomunrreemai,iideiq,ertLivadefriroaeanarte,Xclaeaslcvisgea-uarre.-r
rind cd nimic rilu nu i se va inlimpia. Nici Eiisabetta cu Castiglione'
nici Isabella nu au incredere in cuviutul papei : tetnlndu-se de o lovi-
turtl in clenul borgian, sfdtuiesc pe Francesco Maria sd nu se dea prins"
DeRcc>aouorlncveceteoarsmaraeeuUxptrtierlilcebuzdailinsucgtuitd,iiluictmciru.iiptmLirnpueitiopumeatnaatdaeel,fcmrduisnaacttcurdeeritlpbnpeoi :dncdotenuiufl5ciecdpead6ldelediunrisct eeusdsrugiemnbd9tiemiciEopaftmi5eiuramdldnseluduelaiti;u,etelpuupitndioti,LrctfuPooi'rlapedpqinlea.izlol)linaat,r
timpul neqocierilor, cind ducesa 9i Castiglione cereau papei sb renunfe
ia prezeniirca fXrd condifii a ducelui, Leon X a avut, fald de Castiglione'
un cuvint cle cinismul cdruia p6rea c5 nu-9i da seami: ,,Dac& a9 fi
vroit sd lp'el pe {ucele de Urbino, bule'
aE fi facut-o cu scrisori $i
clc; pr: cu-.'!ntul meu se poate pune temei l"
584
9S9
ourdrnesirelJrnpluEj.arJU)psJ'EprruaorgesEpIzdep6qIlruBaruuaj uJos1pi0l1rr1{stes3o'oaJrIElpJsEaJdp'iInolnpugulasairrn63e t
eaiSrnrl uJ 'iollloddl RUIL{Jttl o oa}}ptr{ 'al1atott ar}uip err{l '.,arror15l1se3
€rpssuplpg raIEAsJ 1n1efpnu3 1$ 1n11ciou" pulrJ l-rolriss"nod runq Ipru IaJ 1
oullopuInnupnzu'IaazzlllqeJaroelu'rguIne3nJoalJueuuIr 'oBlraolrdnJBIpoI lrEzInlps purrJ Bc m1 aiylAanoct urp
-uE[I oallEIN 'Bilaqesl
paJnp as BatrrnJ os lf,unle od arpl 'ollap
'prBA alapzulnqr'Joe1ruor4luBpIralrpurIpnJlollsuenrsue111rS1oeddt1'u1A5oa1rueestsr\ui ppllpagp
o.gluluc1rpnnI6u08l'Rniaun'JgiedslulsufOra11nu11'a'ao0ur3na$ol1-lrB1pnro6slp'3EgruisnJ'rlefalrn3pAgzidoayauldqup;:prea'eNaarif1Suor1os1nuu1e1rgnd61reeu*1;u'1loreo1nraoloc1rr1p{andusp11esaat'prRf4gipo:1}plrpaornfdrol1iRluntrrrr1fr}zoosa'rsa]rluaercltcullrslr'pLa11sIuu3EousaIrprugurarlrgrrrrrtg'rpn:rl1fd,punJipqaS
'aluoJ In[nq E]rlour urnt p$B 'g11r1ra1 arlo1RS'*,1
1lIOl'elUne$rsuuopr'naoauqpurrrpuonnourJog$l1Jn1ueAlcaeduIn6lp1I1uceIapg'atnrzll1saodaJpfeJr,BoRrrsgauu]porniareqiJonJet1olorur1s'supult6Jrlp'1preotpsrzlIppeuleJoJ3ocD"Bal'elattra$eIpnJuauezrrlzllualqnal'lcr,uJpr,reaosoyarultpupl{lrJoorapeulpRoiqrursoulnlRusnronrfu'er,Jfc,rsroulloor1gdlrpu.1Rrencu1J{RJ,ore.:qppoIjEepoJaroslprppsc'ppsJpolosslora{pdeuqlproArp:lu.paprsJ,Jgr\l
'f,arurpJ ap purlcl 15 gpu;1q 'gseounr; era elrloddJ 'ra 1n{os JI3op rup al)
ar1 rS loazpnop nJ Rrpull rutr4 'eufiolog eI ap rolrdroulrd lnueau urp
'oi16on11uag BJso)rrBrdi 'Bureru re1 '111oro1 opln5 '1nf,sonnJ torllopuof, un
ero rlRrollpRls,pBcrearsraIdsu'r1pr*ra1l1lrsurue1J pllqou gf eaq.rrEas,rspop-lJplgur'p9I'1g1I1ourol g'lnellrnloddudl1ll
os
n3 'J-rp1oq
rI-a--Eso-uiroploolJrrnlJaoolv:ollu|r'popapeppra;lurrrsp1npIunu;Jlol:eo'IorgJappr"plno'rupreiaaflJelisu3d-'nneu)asplp+IgpruIIlnplJs'nouootltoarrl1ooatu1tuuprorooa+r'r,Su,lrloa$ir1eugurcoe1nt'lr'1pBql6:uZScat6oispsuegtecussI13lpniu'noudo16ror'neireteeds$lruislel.aapqiz1rplsuu-rlreeooc1pgi3rr;neIo'onnar1'utiirn(uoIaltJDnlupluprr'rePgsegaftrgur0olPeao'rppo:flUoacrti6{IroolnitalcJusirlt
-'lsneJplelugn)psroAallloauptnur nrSne.rtDlrrion'd1'ppruausollpnBquzii nri'(p;le1 Ps IPs 1e ect us]?l crPS
ap asnp 'eJt-rot:o$au JEp 'loieAPJ
1E1rSp.ri1erqrg{suaopTIStrllplqooul.IqtrosuoJoPllnIIfr,ruaB?Joralp}eoosJJl'sosan)cIuloJrodp qJoselqre os epotirnnrIeIIL13I
alaprl.recl uTp
n.iluad ItRloq asnlnd os nu 1de; ap .tep 'ntclt:rttrrd u1 P:lppolJIu esez
--IeeRIE'dnnu-JSinurltEaurl1pulIatJldJ$r1ouldspIgrne'1:Er'ceInf1uos,sinRrlaes1ul'srsoel5rooooprIinadoclnnuzrsueglllocenu6laaeuJOpopoodardfutaus,sI1"u[ler6dnt0RB:rr1u6Os'13taaSSusnrolc-eeprTlIlpnJnUpIpr'J€dIVodP''AglJueIe''oJRnpIcdIlxgusaJsapIBsIlnerapOBIsAuJspsoUtBoaIrlIoIl-IlqpqPSlp'pBarrIJlsnlBSsplRPranlsIPuJfaspo,l'Ii3reruuai\AalP]PsiIpslattdi)a1ps*Ploaz]iaS'cuorsppruaselIruBtRlato$uuolB1JlureiInaOeonrlatopcuzlJ]JllapaBo1Iraapl13loi'Jieralaeas]rosle3Pl6slErp^1BlIeluns1JzlseJRtlBu;osuRursooo-lrle+ssrS5Ipnl.[\iuIertuuo:telt66u'rasa1risr^u€noaaaII--pS:(u1pp)l
VruOU VT VOVSV8tr\IV 'ITTIUOJ V'T,ITOdcIi
IIA
bun6 parte gi sd o terrrine. Dar autorul nu e niciodatir mr"rlfi-rrnit p€ ce
face gi nu se gindegte sd-qi publice c1ia1ogu1 inainte cle a avea phrerea
amicilor sdi, Sadoleto, Canossa gi Bembo. Lui Sadoieto ii scria r
,,Am scris dialogul meu j1 Cortegiano, despre care am vorbit odinioarS Senio-
riei voastre in mijlocul atitor nelinigti gi necazuri; de5i mie nu-mi placc, sunt
impius de unii prieteni care nu se pricep mai mult ca mine, s6-l dau la lumind...
Vd rog dar sd vir aruncali ochii asupra manuscrisului;i s6-mi spuneti dacd sunteli
,de pdrere sE-l public ori nu; cdci a9 fine drept r-Limic siSruinla celor ce mi itr-
deamnf, impotriva voinfei mele, dacd credefi cd e mai nimerit sir-1 pdstrez ; claci
judecafi cd meritd pubiicarea, aS fi foarie mulfumit 5i temerilc mele ar fi mult
,ugurate. "
Sadoleto ca fi Canossa flud de pdrere cA opera merita gi trebuia
publicatS. Primul r5spuns aI 1ui Bemiro, pi el afirmatir"', incrediniat lui
CIl-uaain;oinsdssiiasn,teapndftoecsaletteradsctcedrscistiutoiadar,eemaacenessslltearsi-Piainep-tdarosatrijaui tn.tsrDimnaiicsrieoadpdariotndbalnuroeiuaCaalusptirigeBlcieoiemr:reibl.eo
nu face indoialE : el este ce1 ce se octtpS, opt ani mai tirzitl, cle im-
primarea operei la Venelia, in atelierele aldine.
Nu durd mult acest fericit intermediu, consacrat operelor iiterare
c$oinbteulcuui reiirloaradsiogmureastStic, ein. iIrpeposolitlai ii nAscuse cloi copii : des'cendenla
clomnea o duioasd armonie : nu do-
reau clecit sb nu fie despdrfifi. Dar iatd cd Baldassare trebui iar sX
piece. La inceputul anului i519, marchizul Francesco irii cld sfirpiiul
dupii o 1ung5 boa15. Peste citeva luni rroare pi Lorenzo r1e'Meclici,
noul duce de Urbino. Federico, tindrul marchiz cle Mantova gi rna-
md-sa Isabella, care-l conduce in primii ani ai domniei, se gindesc sd
intrebuinleze pe amicul Castiglione, spre folosul casei 1or, in noile
irnprejurdri poiitice. Trebuia un ambasador care sd ducd concloleanfele
Nlantovei indureratului pontificer care-$i vedea prin moartea lui Lo-
renzo spulberate ultimele sperante familiale : Castiglione, persona grata
ia Roma, era cel nai indicat. Trimisul ar fi putnt incerca in acelagi
timp sd imbuneze pe papd pi s5-1 inclemne spre un act de dreptate,
restituirea ducatuiui de Urbino legitimr,rlui stdpin pe nedrept depose-
dat. Ar mai fi putut.cere pentru nolr-l marchiz, condottier ca 5i tatbl
sbu, o cdpitdnie la Florenfa. Castiglione gdsi pe Leon X amdrit dar
resenrnat : Dominus dederat, Dominus abstulit. Dupd ce piinserh irn-
preund pe Lorenzo, papa ii spuse vorbe bune desi:rre cei cle la N4an-
tova gi, dupd obiceiul sdu, nu-i tiiie nici una clin speranfe, CJit despre
Urbino il gi incorporase in Statcle llisericii.
-ccceusirCeininddcuai-saluetundniecrditmrpeeabnsuetrruiCleaImspi.paigetririooiunneiiinclrlaresRtiCoi na5arioali,ngrteeagpc;teeinlaecsilSiriepiarzrunimileLdia, tnmgliislFuiurpantnee-,i
.cisc I, regele Franlei. Papa in clupliciiatea lui, incheiase tratatc secrete
clr fiecare, declarind fieciruia c5-i favoriza cancliclatirra : in realitate
ii ela frici de amindoi gi ar fi.,'52'.rt bucuios un al treilea canciidat.
Casliglione trimitea la Manto-ia tot ce se spnnea ,ti se pl5nuia la
Roina, ins5 pozitiv nu obfiriea ninic cle ia papi. Leon X il mingiia
.amintindu-i ,,cd rdl:darea e cea r,rai ruare gi rlai folositoare clintie
virtu fi ".
DtlU
t89
-rirrrcs n3 'riJsE;urrld *-s r* lacied ei:adar grseerrrnflntu Rs PuuleapuJ I-IE
olif,s
eSeznog rnI plpitul auolilirise3 iTIsIrasIg 1e ueltdgr ap lnlsocl
rrl EAoJupJ^{ e1i zIqJIpru TnInrPuI} Es-IIttInu : nelclalfe as l1u auorlfrtlsej
IJIU of,Irapad IJTU oJpJ EI a;eunclord o lJunlp nJl?J X uool 'rr{rra}uT i}l'JS
plBa1lr-lsIapgsuuJanr'ip1upq1lanoeRulpruJreSoJEEEuIlBuorerip0urEopea/az\looorqipsonaSlPelIaSdIlIersBIJa4lJJIJea'rI'rapJgBaarsuJIuAar"eoIlod1lotrau-rtIedol1llrrSrelpeBoedJoq:i6nJIeuoocl1Jal^u1rePdolsaurfeap,tspauIpIi,IJ1,Iuuan;n1Lsq1n{ulnn9Jodpl6lEJoaIJBilIpnorruslliooPAu"a,inoEsitqupbIlrdltcp"cr1lilu1cnj-n:r'lrJ'
eeaprqaecc'eillaanrrdaesrdsgousrrclLr.rreoo3JpnrIeIn';IJllpllzs-oISpcrlnpsq,r,polorlloueuennto{qr1EI0pI1L1ouspeu3rIo'aAl:aItJ1lItu1aIuJloapdll ltoafzudaet1illuspptJ0lsepularlsuein-lqest'errttpisl
EpllrIrrooarr:po\ [n1ouesucrLoSJ]IppVclltenldJpsarSplnalnnTglqo.i^JaoUupllplPolq,Q'\lpoJor?r\AuoeJrrpuae1e'4laoJSz"al'qtlanccrulpeduzlt1p{Jel-rIuipaeuzrrua1*ldnnp:guu'1e;r1e'a,lt1o-rclolltegl
pI pJ plasefurliSu,r 1t rttotds l alplixa lolasaJnp iS tnlarnp e^olLIDi,{ el
ap lpllrl aueo] olso x uooT 'oJplocolo.td o1.;rLr
plBpJoJB eolelrlelrciso
e1--urSpoo-gJdpsJRaoas;ss1r1arulrslrnnspJeaaaJsulprnrrruffuuenaiapuul6lraoaq'pupsunsrIgJoI'nggplrzasplJurllIaJpltrrtlpduIIlsAoupdou:roltptutastIlcspIUnnPqIllSrolaeJnpr]pbadInpuBlunsrldfl:,lnnupsptB^fn,eodee1eruae.piiapstrraa{PscIdolicIgSlaatrJpncileils1}
pe-uol lla-rrrppopBrluJeJpaooJpurrrptuUorB1pn/1psBnudaoprBaor-hnsJpnePu1Jn'a,p,IuITuooA'ls5roJ1Iup6Unet1luensrpelr's3udIn'opnrJlpnpgluppa'qIraocuBlprJpllpnpsU,D'rLotEnluna1orlaaDupJ-pnrPelpetIdlda1naLa1IlpnstsIE-Set1iart1ri,tstIli:
o--Lr-1-rroo+Jup.rppaaarsrlsprouldsrer]lpSuIeIlfuuInn1zupieqsfp,'elJputpruolp6'po^plolelu1a$epalrnlorl1ogBsuiI1JaJasJlrespfso,al'sutaolssoaRsll{)PoPJoIPBpIIlan.IBlJu'nCilopBs'uIul'lE1nn].trT;nio}1
aspi l-nu gs iS rgs Ip ap olln IS-nu '1eus1esrrnofuISocB1tlur oI llon3losorP]ul,llppoef,latrlJcit-a.1J
elrrpfarurrd ap p]ultulgdsul as urfog
ai-ptSrSearul3oa6uaBruIoodpIJald3ausriolst3eetrlaadcseeoLrlurnepIBCJ lnios
ap 'aupuroJ ollrprnqln+
annds 13 areg aJ Rlprp
'lDlnIDS ato tand uratyad anboqloq Tnsouby
-touldInprsJ e: rlarAratotbpuBiuSrptaarBedrnobJ:upetJg1ou1'oIuu1'lrrogaBdlJaBRUIlBIipPauplIalJatnl3agelrIobIJunInizalep1lnu11Sll1nPcalpllIq.-nrJnoPIIJlslptplroai;sf!,
pour--IgupJJau-o1[rrirsbBrarpBJaepaJraarldsdJae] sel'-1uI:n^3aaEapl1puJcap.srleiIeJoJrdJrgrJooIurSSsllraooplrpluJJJsapropslnedurjrlnenbf1IoJlsJ3rsnlroSepeqgdraAordce1acyIaeJltralllnLgan'edi;sdpnnuraa]6oqpa)^utcBs1r1uI6snnoUli1LalIaIpIsnCpA'ealga3u'rpoooqoIsldtnonr1-'dns16lIurprnpl1:pau1sItlrnaPeb\i3UfluaoIIpIl:trsloIrcpBindiC1ePrd-IfJalgla'-raIs6]ap:pce]l1oErt1rullrPuualPfl1pe,APuS1aSaa-esril$pppnauoPEp11rrSuLLJeEleIpalnrtilr.pr(edui]rl
o-'-n1nruezau1aee1osq;spreoue066rroofl7lcpsJurennnlsp{roruuEpoI lJpJullourr\peronat6gINqIrpOeuT'depapnlsIuoosprJodosSnudaesplsllJ;tnSp1BI3uJpJInaeuUaterIrlcn'udetIrlurp-urtarot\fur}capiIullqJeIt6turtg.t0nrsdao1lpucfu1r1ltpuJpodr1'ro1nnIq|]1plouzn-rrtupe11aogIl,Ett6lpeiIJr-ururIbrtpIna)Isz31olloliaro.tl1)tpr3stl.
tc.FtqccGpdiriahrifltiuienai".eigft'trcn.eri"iiiaaufela""eer*bUn"lilrcutitindisllparercifue;eaolirli,erilu.laeeuisiciFnltamidirasecMszectbddIdfdrtaeilupeeaspnantiareottrtiecioppriit5ofnae.uvaea'lvgapPsiecci,a$iedaeasi5iipmI'arpgaceaiairurpcaelmarrildsureetebeSesanaczntcsoertrclioevelcmceoarcsach,vneamzuguiX'dmnz,5bdcraodu,na,deitaalttocc,eaasicdniiudelae,temlsrusoavcaitpfrimceaeart,efasu]csipdpelnraomiordalrclipiorboa*etaapaiaipztceIud.nir.eilin-l^easu!miMnteu9proieprealu.ivtCi.dn"gnn3-.satraooeddoaeEisfavgetvlcttdduurpairsgadegil5dtulltodeiure.ooit,rscarntCenarras9eiaumudmdb.isomlein.t1apirilseegnnrr5Nlee-zureiloencgemialocaugereni-gsumS?dleiedeee-l.l.
cc"cimadcncsFgCicn,rehuaaiiu'eiuiistiattairfms,;ctcati-6,nir;isei.slulcremri5eiinb;ot"pu"ariiaia"nlmiai"'uirircanri1u;idnt"oiiuatotci"petims"itndci;rtcoeartit.enacrt5oseurp"vtinauvira-huniiiiuuuirntlrtevitrrensnll.suoietatcansepfaofai:attaaAl-ieeustOlcsCirlgLuc*marodieef,uiuuaiorcrvics,bniianri'iedpgtitfdlfiedtraoi,monsagueiuiieiirlla"seirnisu,tr.arii"tsiiv5ta,iuoltaecloniairenBrnrcablerR:univlulesuuosfeatlaE\:otilco.rlearl.niceirttanaiom,ru,Imga,dae2ranevriAmrolertaev5lsrdtidemInaouclvsaeptiaaeaiderenniii'epniczentuaannae.arlodflcigriiaeeilmgcrrsa,ulhMirtuig,rutlitl,aisiisNaua8cnoaorfnpltcai'iti.nac'uunrcasC,dr1EitiBnC,edeho65taiavpciaenrvieb2-ulesrirsrreiai0belgetiodtc.,se.siodcaise5rdanctt-noieaciunzarntepdao1uictcuatcceaf6nrsLdnhrureemiti59ti.iar6,rigeiiiuiznsim,eCesnuscnfgauiiaerctomucerotlipueoiebnrteair."mrlmibaiir-d,afaupniaiAneo.nunutBdqieelc'srcdmsa-uiatleniaussNorditlia4ise,o-'dme"sfudu!i.i'tCafrAipaIeooSsm-lddassiv,Saacsctpsuus{Udianart-Irauretnispctioriueus,slregeettepcseouna,plhdprmiosaploaocCudeaieucl6tbziiiEufeetcnnrisiuznoaeenIc-5alba-a1tli-il'
lovea.
lncit ',EDi unroeircl5acrgdimmalrlSrnmiredaelunirfiuldrd9ai qpalindseemrdamri_cuscerila' BlI ibmblniegniiaarmdmarccuhmizupluutiu_rim
gilnceledinurmd,darcugreutate,caomprudentgitareceeste,seresemns
mta6laevreoMaiaadcuDloronemnreen,i uvmlduazi lmsndieiledvgroaeagaosstnrtaeetau9rciiie.aliIe-iacfiniemalorlndrlataarltf6i.mlaSacmpriosoaolratsercearaisaoEcre.iVllee.iEis-xdacrdeacleluinntelaet(i dVlnioqapusaetrrletloe'
srpnooatiivaaetdriiinnncaud),,dscetalcuqitciugpmaersevtaulnldpaueftlaeicrada,st5rdleco'aiulaiittpreaimrveriesdoaedcsateutil,lc; pusireelrevzrein.d'd.eCocrelltidindcted{ rmaa$unaltadllu$eilenluosbbtelelas
si de virtuoasii."
gctaaaitilrnpieisrSiss"cdiuiruieips"ioo-ojaorraitllenseualq,cluuulcruieduizFcqeCeiu.caprlPiseontervifigcJaeoltrieoidnqnucaeiirteIees:rvraicaiabedefluoauilataintlroitep,errarCai,inuuacbsvnatioiutgd9rlbsiioleeapnepebcouuapanrliteteeeer'.sdmdaPeaalaeri9pupiianrrpidoLeu$perirobeiiunirn,anvXtfueiu-,l
.Asupraacesleicet)olasegre.ta.liurnrdriioreiserevineinstudiulasupra --
relafiiior ei cu papii Medici
Isabeilei d'Este, l(aN.a".J"otn"""i po"liticii acestcia 5i
ca,; I'"', prr. ViI.
D.)d
68C
-!rdnripqrilsr,rl,erroodJreudspori.I,rArlll-o"rrocalisrrplrpno-1tlren,rjlrni^usoFtiuraurBapuuloraqroJlnrllE1obpuloell.It!sogryIEITrilrPnITllllo,u/qouTaizIeppJlo1r/s,i'rliainrnrroltllntoff:,f,iiuBrI"iiltn:e"loip:^,n1ol;)'u;3rrilI;lIq'tpiJ.l
lna.pro/lpeuujirloilnaur tiard:eur1a'edsu't'rasd-lzosaal6tqrlblos;ojnJ[qeqlrlro.lllrleo1psueg/t6oneluug;JIqda1lueurorr.o1l lge1U]Sueaeislpoalicu€rnl:;cruzl.,
1qs ii6o1oo1 rS rrpurtoi
IepnaI l.lJEu.iru'1u:gdur1
.-ropJ.,, nu Trf,Trosls E plnzR^ eruolactp3 ',r,,nr","'t?t.1,[oir'i?iJi,i:tiitif$;r';il"tt$til?
BarprnljlluS'ro1a{uo13inpur uoierulrdns'a1erg:aI3 Io}rlJer3j ua;i:c1;ridruis'aseonlsi.l
oseolFglor rolUnlBnlTr r,o-rplurJsa,rl olBlnlsocl luis 19 liilnurslurlSorr alaur6op ardsop
oP-l-no.ulrDtisnrellu3ll:nDJBat-JpqropaOlun1jrB)lltal?aulusilo!.oyrlJneopluposT.ulSIpIirrnr^llllldnrunlnlrurirr:sracnilpuusOrnl,osrdril.osxrRr.ar[zlD.]pntlJcu,l?tIISioeniuplniipillilBIu:uau.lzraupe]Drlcul1lour:uzdrugoa!PJlus}fp,rl'lstultooinlqqaJ;tllLrcuo1rTdr,1Ist.urruersrelpllrtoeoD'6)Jpw.rnpPBcurtZ1nrDss1aE{lrarlnaaoqv)fplv,rprllun'plIlDug''D0o.{!.g0z1rdslu9r]norIn"6xlrlInDn91puS;E'pna,'l.ritplJt
p-'pal3ul^rpTuuIirroEUreelrzafrgpSoIrJeIfn,aUlnp] upaeldlnpplJlusplppjsgu.IBrp'JrJ"'ainIrq'a,aaprrollunc1ltnam1giselprarl-iprdauoplrcuIlnIulpo1lseapdlnlnlusIiuJopxJJsuIe-oJln3lsf-,Ioasl lttcsl
€aJC[ ]soJ r1p nu uiBloprrl pJpJ pl nt]uad ,,'aJpolPi,RlsaF
'BIpeJpl nJ i]]so^od rrls-al
l upuror inlnlpApurpr airlplrArlsal isoJ ne eolsa3V" "'ll)oiparu IiJo:lrl
IE alsEold luns alosald J rSur,tnl +uns pnolrrel7q Gp rnlnzrriJlBru rrer 'i.iqfi
-JaIe eT'lsn6 un 'InJiJLlipoallSoaspgbosaa1 lndu':1ernpe'a11aepo1a1BdIn1o:l'sarlsauqJRrsrpliqgs/alol3-a-cuJocrli.tri
-llspJ InuBrfiJPS
'rra;ortul a1I€ IS IpJ ap eslnl'operetspur nJ/11pJr^T:lseJ l$Balof,p u\'lzt-i
ri.rp InlEABrr.rpJ rS Rlpollad qs pcleci ocl letrperclurl nE-ri rlun olss:V
aRlooe'---BpJJi,lssuJ.pJStlroiBo1loEsIiIsAr.rplr-Jopnl1rIabfeJIplipIpJrplnp,l€IrslaIiepa]jpplopJldl-eoJae-rrElapzr6.oarl3lr[JuXaurBo+r".unairasEI6ppdplufu'lsBa1o,ruo1r3lrrropEDeapp.claruasnlJirgptu*'e,rpra:,rrpnsrlulonopurTl1lnJllll?"JllplcapDiBre,:JRl",ual'I{oloobNrponuuspipqSslrrBIsro,;pItocpEBpnal1Truldof.nftItriaIeIoanq1apu1seuJ,1slzIpl3o-JTp,errpnrrASplrrlJloJJiclp"eoIapnulndu'o:cdrsaulioJpalullilllldlssoelllnopJnlpEnEsp1eJuJIoo$osupurqpnlr'p!BJr"?ain:aa?IturtlIp{psrerilaJe-oEruusaxJ8a1B1noap3uoroPlso'ioiu.IalnuIunll;6lolveaulrejlllgsiqalarltpzezn6S{1ipallspnqnElppuua1flrlP,spIIt}3TrnIprsppr'nloilprEuItnIIa}SluglrjocpanliaPpsiluq'iuP",satlnTr,rEriuuJEJa,anl,ESJliIZp:3llll)
upII'1SruIlnr€RpopruJlaBd3IqIprorlonIdBBi"-J'aIpo:prEnpzaouIru:rllIaouBEdrlTpsaaaIscolnpllpedIin4d^laourn6loIaoJllsaSrIJunJrllelaBpI:-lIRld1opznSqrlpBIpnlpu'l1.erllnpalon1ltrsPnlrJ]1susueIlru'opp!IdroeiluIlllSanri otuptplrualf,tnoasrreJsserpCuJPuao1ilurelJplnnvau1sInp"e],ulp-urltIrt3Eil:nlTilflt.ltarl3E]llrl5Bjijl:!bo.-.!-rilr)-l
l---IIolprnBprJIru6BirJrrnIso:aIsiunlssiBlJuaBnppIlJIuJPuBsoIuigBsnJrer6Ia:J1eulu'l3azruBPlzuduIrpaoIdeiralnDodolorlPslPrnouIllanuI3uoIISArlsnrrpaIu''BIBspI-IAnnRuaIoIpInCsJluusIJIapr'IJ1BUptsUrrJ4T-plousJBsJoorp1pol'^BnurBI.I1ZtoI1ioIlJi6rIA'IlnRopfJrIaaln:qdJlltlIsJJdt,aIIntnIInlEsJqdBauBaIprolTl1orsrrnPaed3lpusrUtlrt^nnn1^I'Uesp{qluuEIu'B6nIraaIpusadol:upqIsllrl,qlnrIaPua'stppsgrplauIlllBunrruuIlolaaIoDuaBRludalcplerpulllnorulodEd(l.oIed}a'IaudundunrlqIu.rous;t}i)
ii,na,Lfodrlc,cuocieausrceprai:vcdeielilgaateDRoeamlgvaendupelldrsecd,usat5cib,ri5cau9eigISrmaeadnmiioneriiiaas$Vaaolefatuslamtrod1a5osietatns9eieim,aeutnitteredaaeiaosnrlauiin--
lolicppoilnfharececliqtuitaleriuirtlia.lri"idene,feahiafe{ivs'aaqti1ciimrinislnobsitcn,daeponsbapibacnsaciattLilozioiuinasronisdrgeilcfaeiadarmgenRindaiioa.jabcomtarNoceasl,asau.d{tareCci$irrnctarictshersistdeittezdiilg,uaselnlpdfioireGu-ednl o;ezvmonba94apccoiairoliicgeuimgeafiodeua,dserin,pdeadaimtldaisistndraciintdi-dvrrdbpiteaaomiernrlmgsaienIrapladdaatpteepioItlNaureloic{dtaaaRuliunnprotitieeo,en;-,eeirre.liteaarii,i'
cLturri,sriintgditariE:gi,i,lSecl-eaqzisamSmteudsrgacitth6is,nddBmraiillddenaisnesci,aenreup-iie1nxempaalicdi duatrrhedorgitie,d"ar,irIenatr-coe }nt,'i;5
Nlantova, lnase
scrisoare,
ilaclonnei
,,Nici eu nu sunt mai putin dornic sd vd revdd, pe senioria VoastrS 5i tr.:iE
f ainilia ; deEi la gindul cd nu voi mai gdsi pe sdrdcula ce ldsasem acolo, inima mi
adinc; dar
se stringe 5i mi tulbura nu se poate altfel. Cred cd pot veni pe la
nrijlocul 1ui septembrie, sd rinduiesc treburile de care vorbiii Si sd md intorc ailoi
la Roma pentlu citva timp... Marchizul mi-a oferit comanda a 50 de l6nci, cee'r
ce c o mare cinste qi un semn al iubirii E. Sale, lucru pentru care-i sunt obligavt.
Toiugi, aflindu-md incurcat in datorii, as avea mai multS pagubi decit cigtig, tre-
buind sd cheltuiesc mult dintr-al meu. Pe urmi am trecut de tinerele 9i nu inai
ca altddatd oboselile ; Si Stiu ce truda e sd conduci oamenii'.. In puliilui
Ir()t suporta iurne, n-a6 mai vroi sd mdninc panem doloris'
mai rlmine de trdit pe
timp ce-mi
Nlarchizul fdcindu-md sd infeleg, cu vorbe afectuoase, ca at a1'ca nt:."oic de i::;"e
ln Mantova sau la rdzboi, sau la Roma Ei ldsindu-md sd-tni alecr locul sau treaila
ce mi-ar pldcea mai mult sau aS crede cd ar fi mai spre folosul E. S., am ales sE
rEmln aici in Roma : e locul cel mai important 9i cel in cale aS putea aduce :ele
mai mari servicii gi oarecare folos mie. Imi place mult Roma $i am mari prietellii
vdzut de Papd, care aI putea cindva sd ne fie de erjutor Fi nie
aici ; sunt bine de acestea, nu e nimeni aici care sd invidieze ori si
si altora. Afari mi incelr:e
si md sape, nu e nici o gaEcd, nu sunt partide qi nu sunt silit sd vdd uneori lu-
crrrri care merg cum n-ag dori; a$a cd rog pe senioria Voastri sd nu se sup'ere
cl.tcd voi rdmine aci citeVa luni ; cu voia Domnului sper sd md intorc acasE cu
pin6 atunci copiii mei casa vor sta mai bine in miinile S.
o.irecere mulfumire ; Mi-am dezvelit astfel 9i parte din sufletul meu : \'.
o rog sI
decit, intr-ale mele. o :ru
rrorbeascd decit celor de cea mai mare incredere."
$i astfel Castiqlione rdmase la Roma, ca ambasador al lriantor-ei.
Rf,zboiul Ligii fdcut de papd contla regelui Frantei incepe in Lor;r-
barclia. N{archizul cle Mantova comandd forfele pontificale. Dupll ctirn
SoSeaLl \'e$tiie, Iele Satl 1)une, Leon X trecea de la abatere la entuziasru.
Vroia sii qtie, ceas cu ceas, tot ce Se petrecea in tabere. Castiglione
sta li1c;ir el Slai eNrafacnotnosvualtamt alnrcehleizuu. l:u\mi b9ai smadaolcrhulizneui. e avar in depeSe
scrie ziLnic Cdtre sfir;itul;-.ti :
iroietr-rltrie r,-ipe vestea infringerii lui Lautrec 9i intr5rii marchizu:'Lli
Feclerico in Niiiano. Bucuria papei fu imensd, dar fu ultima. Victol'ia
cle la N,Iilano, spltne Castiglione, l-a bucurat mai mult ca indifarea lni
la pontificat. Vestea sosise pe cind papa se afla ]a villa de la Magliana :
toatd noaptea privind }a jocurile qi saivele. de bucurie ale
1r"ir*..,t" siri elr'elieni. intors 1a Roma ,,in bucurie 9i triumf " cade greu
solrlafilor
590
r69
€I ap inlalsps r] pA auollbrlspJ InI IE 1o1 Iz o-rlui RJ Psul prnfj+5:e 11
":+ollrlpsslasdoJBIpappfr,oalsa-nl paup1rz{rnp3usocrSRacluspaazaurltdd gs 'g{uurn6rs InI Ertdord nrluacl
rS alnce;1 alrrJrAras a+po1 prilJ
-soLrnJaJ apundsg,r prlEIN oJsaJuB.rd 'arposuts puulap plspate p"l
,,'pbrealS o ps 'A'A ad :o11n;q1s 6o"r : pl pd o 11ur1.rd p plspatp p3 ltuls lS
€areouo llJop oulnl ad 13ld ap Iptu a nu ljuilu aulru nJlued 'l]llp Bi ap 1{nlu rpru
ullqo gs lo1 u1 'g1e1dspr qurind nrS'A inTJllros ui rnurlrroJ ps lereJerd ure 'aileur
'IBrrr lJnJol e1 errdse 1n1nd rg Sp isep pJ BIPJB -rogn lod 'plppoal^ a6u11d qa e ln^p
J1B arpf, ap IES€A un lsoJ IJ qs paJJ nN 'rolrrl ui Jnpp r-ps rads af, aieJ nllriad rs
41r aluaza:d TS alnf,arl otatrt al-rlJIAlas nrluad 1!18 'nl?s InJolrltas po nalaru a1(o,tr-id
ptu pJ rS au-ru ap ple; p|uio,t Bor urp o-ln)pJ p nu pJ lnunl alple ps 6o: cl 'clpsod
€l ep rps rolrSndns plurnJpls azolntrsapu! Bs EJ iulunu plde; plseace qtrsiloiJ],\p:-
PS Plllls lsoJ e 'A'a Pf,BC "sOIoJ Orpur ap plpporcru lsoJ p-r1rl nu oJl?J 'inin{olspr
earaprord e3 llniu Jpru pzeoralnpul pru nJJnl 1satrV'lolllras 1eo1 ldarp gtaplsuo:.)
qIrI rpIII nu pl rS sorlurpettrau lsoJ rrB-! p:) uluJs un ec 1ra.r:cl TJ BA €r l-tlrl urn3c B.)
IntdpJ I olalu allitl^les ealsounca|A'g pl trunl tr5a:1tr3 Irqf,o u! ppp^op o €J ilii-rir,\
-r:d 1-pc pJo IalsBJ lsoJ€ ureTnla.rd a:pr nllued prupas ep iprrr IaJ IniullnJ 'orc.rg1ci.ru
areur reru eec leunipc e-ru plspoJp polsal'Eeul prilrrrl u! apultJse 1od nu ot Dio:)
'A E trsaslrngpru es e3 'o:1ugdp1s uI lprll rS ne-1 1.rrolrnf,ol gc ri ere11i,r.oN p{ ap
{nlelse3 13 lepar p orpsod IaunuroJ runrso3uoJ clie e:1ut.rd 'A'g pJ lplJp ruy/'
'lppos
-n-onudcapp'SaurBnolJlalol'uellosrlPolpJrqTiTorrnJrIqp1lsi]all-surRnJdpp'AoparloEJJlIIIpprAapoapNprIrnRlolsalrlRsnplfr,rrol lrJo'EollJlap'zesaarp{diopJrurooI rIa1Jplusuir'l3djllssaizloarUJr
puJJ'arrollnqspJ ap pieJ atrpJcialpari o nt orrrurop enou eclarul aIrJnp
r-ppppr-rpSrruarllpp-rp:rpJilru'ldpraspTrlsiBprl''aoJrparlesqau]pReprlIeqllnSspnd3JolreprIIaoreanlflJrrruLpJalciuonorllpu,lrulrlaocl6'opI6lpCrprea'lapsrtlc1rppruSlfurrJeaopl1JppcqtapJia{perprscc-'oJo{lopiJJnJrEd-saps]iaSoCsa-apa]ailor-edrerJpplacniaulJrlSCIIo.:tTnrIlarlzliJIJa'r)pneaIanfucJ,uuqntSoaerplpf.Ercnnrrcl+aaclJlnrrlLs:nrrIrIlulpJrropndzrellJolnnru':r\q-plrrIe,J-n,pEn'u]onapJillZJpoJenl oCn3Jq6'rplIatJarolSoaolpgsptJuIara"SqrruoJaEri'rfJlJlafaao{deAlJpurta3aiA:piloJ1osl'lnu-pl1{etlJD'iilrrlooLlre/ili-c-tre.rusrrri
'X uoef rni erfrredslp op rlpulalsuoJ npJa plrolupl,{ pl op rol pilsg
'I1 'p€i,a\:los,al,r'JroJplsrtlrrltrnfu,dnspl+psapslrarpJlpJorloebJ1rcre_arIrrdrlospelSnneu"u:pilrsp6donplepdpf,pIlnp'oorrsrrripsaJnpqpJgJrocSlonacr{sr,IooIn;c\i+pro1oloJd}pp'ruurlnuf,JiqupJi
rS
-r-PdagJrusuIloIaJ-rJ1aup1llapraruil,nrlJrpsrsr-ln]ppsrururlitnsreqio,rpopci lJpJ'plnllrlpapclPo{BSqsllErrpsopuzlrrqpeJ-J.rlpaLnuLuro-lrtapaflz,E"a'oudplurdrr(nl'c1oa'ApS.ugpi3gauudossnnnrc_srl
p3pc'alSalrJd o aJ BoaJ uJ pJn]rAo1 a earo op llJ adarirci RJ€p psrrl
nils nu Jprlrpas pp ISI 'r1'E 'p1esro,\rrrn o a.ropJard plspaJp p:)
rS o-rpru
i snsaf 'snseg 'snsal : lsoJ nB oQro,\ olaurlln rs o-{prrrrosoJ nf, o-}purcl
-urllul BeSupgolJepr{ourur;SIS'porClr"e'Sarsuzneptpctprnnr-1pnslrSln"r:gln;sclrSruyp 1uJoreolclin'pl+opl]edaa]Slrxesourror LoLp{
pSE nJ
aoeeallaplJarlpugpor'prlrluIanlIplOpinuUpr.lruultsnre1oed^1ao3prcsluloeeal "1ptrtrJl{gpur'^anasulPrapzsIupppruera\rotpIrlJuJoIrJsroerpurrJruaSprIz1JonpI}JJolurqilorlorrJprlp}aIaJoIBut\pLolnlrin1rlo6ErLlrullllrsronecaE3iua'EdpJA]'oItooAr}l{eusripd"lilruop,{qdr
5sNcie0aorsvavsiinalclriai,eir,fadiuu.unlcDeaailnculeti,dsdetNuotiiomacv,aeitGlnelaiflnifrdl,a,oCcbnoaaunsl-tdteeiolleleoIIrndeuresetllism'tIutsiatiotuidiiaiencsdliuitesilttriCPf,;iaieamdqnetioelgl,,oii,Tnafodiculuomlccealuuillin'p'cBeeeraseltulue-i
cie la Novillara.
Castigiione se afla ]a Rcma in tirnpul lungului conclav din care
iese aiegler:ea neagteptatd a lui Adrian vI, ultimul papS
neitalian,
pontificatul
iaIna7'tcttg1:cttliicia,rblnarlota, lciaumR' eilnanqutlenreiia, uaiiaacleiesntuiii inclignafi. E scurt rrorbea ita-
flamand, care nu
JtrCvtctrelrid-ohleictarriillnsz.iurlielr:eallui;;-is:ieipnIuiunsdtcisbgaqVaXLihilneIrceoIdeeoaljlrrrnra-loaei.pbXrlnle5oeeao.rrcrdRuaCaiVstoruailiseenmasiens.ieilApegIlRiondcltpioimiolamrimlnioaaaie$ancnledituianenVplctu,ehmuIt,idarimamilfsuinriipeccassphuiternaoaciiszdhnleeleailsopiszlfiaiiucdcvcosleaiaNaanFmlle4lcldoudia.leiadtnneIid.etlarooedurplriumelcresalodc,ancGihiionilunniimiuimuscllonLiladripfiooriciavescm,pedeaHidseber.ceep'saNeero4sPdpepri9baldla]e3aii'pcnnrr5iE----,
Clement VII restaureaz5 spletldoarea curiii romane' clupd rnodelui
l1i Castiqliono reqxseste pe unii din priet'^nii sXi'
l-ecr X. Papa ii
sdepil.faeiri-acrl:li:iri1riiiil:a+ir-Jiiarl$arllrintoH5icrntciHb.nslChun^sti,rrieeivtCmoicialeiirnusntttlnXig\:F/a:liIlorIoSinrrcgee. ornC-nrtl',erillrrlii"r.d.ltmoitD$ixilleanacrpoi5lrclondiolDieitlciurmennsie:aauirai6ilrumzngibbiaaoFnrseietr'aC'drdslteoeabrtc-iiicIinelnlo1.LsneSdSireip5l eaiiirnmnnaciaprndre'oeiPdsrudpecnrurn"e5rs-l
Italiei in1-re francezi gi imperiali; Sflntui Scaun nu putea rlmlne incle-
fi.rii iu neutralitate; de rezultatul 1r-rptei uriape clintre Francisc i 5i
Cair-,] Qr:,irtul avea s:1 clepindh gi libertatea ltaliei $i a Bisericli. Lui
Clenent \rli ii trebuia Lln om de increci*re la curiea inpiiratr:lui :
Ae,,rugL:cci,:n-;catis1iau;ecl locCroaqlstietisg"uiicopltnetsea.aiCel aicnriaorurlciGltiuszeiunnltutuimil,celpterrteeNsIpaimni'otloi-tiv,map,pre€irl1ina'0ileostirniVliol iss€eedtienridmccoiitand.-
siniainintul acestrtia. il cere atit Castiglione cit 9i lnsu$i papa. Ba1-
ciassare nu se aqtepta la aceastd insdrciuare i precun scrie marchizultti,
,,ct:aut mai mult dornic de odihnri clecit cle noud trudir", ii ela cu atit
riai sur:prins cu cit compeliliile peniru acest impoltant post elau fpalte
l.tunt€roase. Gonzagn se grdbeqte sir consirntd, ginclinclu'se cir llaldas-
saie, a$a cle devotat casei lui, ii va fi cle mare folos pe lingd imp5rat'
{lrl rluLtd crrfare., Castiglione prer:esLegte pi pe nratlonna Lttig;ia: ltii-
t'rlrI p1j6i cu resemn.ir:e gi aceastii clesFiirljre, ,,$liir bitle cii rnisiLlnea
e piiuit cle cinste qi cii-fi rra fi $i de folos; nr-l l)ot silrille insi cir nu e
o lo.,,iiuri1 pentru mine, in virsta mea inainteiii. l'otuli voi ilicerca si"I
:tu :nir inclurerez, nici sii ie andrlsc ; il,-ri vol 1u'a tot curajul, cLlln am
iiicL:.. q;i in trecut gi rrci l-Liga pe Dr-ttnnezeti sd-ti dea o cildtorie bunti,.."
Nr-ili.lai Ippolita, fetifa 1ul cea -i:nica, sllLlnea nrerei:: ,,De ce-l tot tt'imit
a;a eieparte papii ;i seliorii ;\.9lia, 9i nu-l lasii si1 stea acasd cu noi ! "
Co:l.igiione nu uitir nici pe br'rna m,,sailrlcl iaricceiia'cfir-ui mscoraiesici illovgagivae,ncitllncactuerinnud
sti cinez: la viia ei cle la Porto,
r'\'
t69 TD BIEoJ 66-S! Bp-C
era Eolso^ pJ Jn6rs luns 'arlsapour orpur IBur BoJ ap Ppp^op lpp B lalrrd lsa3p ul
srBJ 'pS EOlplsarBIAI llcOp ar.Incnq Pllntu iErIr PIPrB arpJa!d '.ralrolJJ^ BalulrPtu ap
purpos pp rS! - oJreJadr6 earpu't7 leded 1n1nre1ar)as Ia B.IrJs - eiuedg plBoJ"
'RlprnSn rpur Bra Inlnrl
-unu pllpnlls 'loqzpJ u! aJlul ps BdEct pJ aluIBuI osrua^Jalur prrolJlu\
ueap1slrpnlsupSorusJ1'prp6oIutlqrtnlEgo[ZVleugpe'tpd:aasarJ.rrpeeplounrlnlJprcqucialJualpcI?srZryua)llrIspunIron^fSzprrBd-rJgdops1Ilc'1acrneps1lncro$dulpeaprlrJSca]ardosJuglar6randr'aerrrg'o1lr'eplec1rurruarl3cIrlu;lIur1e1prBulpzpIearrra3epulsdepaplr4ndJl
pAlJlodurl areubrpur trloap +lulllul E nu 'ruapurlnlard lrurgrd aurq rsap '1a
p'gu-n6recgsIuper66aure1asIdadqardauaJapo6darqsupccll'lgapIolnrlsrpnrlenlpnpnucprrelqporeasrrsgplllpqdZpulalIBpruqeI rpr!BuuJrpoquagpprrtrr^uacppIsopaassBs6speeuopJfnubrlllIppquSJnaIpadrsaulaueeuros6rroq1elJ6rfBnr'up1rJeuusreIonln3elJolpnJ.:rlJpeaoprdldppgprc1dRe3iu1lpgaral6uprBrpeueapr1reueJutruaS]1
aBIpIzl0olatilfsJlruouppA1uJoJp'(Jrrl1aciesprrpcn,rrl1lnu'eacrgl.rrlnu'uprrerenErufqJal uIaaBarJnelpJurlJrrrrrer'osprr1uur$col ssl'1u)nnr,S1,l1snuBace1dr1uoe.rrdroeddeIupcJr1epf;a,aloyrlrpssrpooJJlB: aIppnsJ'ulgsIrconsusrr1,Ju, 1npg1llrslsconrssrraJlnunealnr-dduc
-ee'aud1JBee'Jduodolpprniqc.c1rpgpessf1uuu3ea1re6llernulSSno!epenroulpe'ualrpun1or3ll1B1u'r6arl11rlo1a(spqVeu3Zlrgrg'delrIrnna.rslr.nerq6larrBurpdelpfsrop''auaI)JlnSpRlapo+salnrprrJEroarlrrp'aglJlpuf,ureilnaularrdrraJdsappnlIrsauaqcpJsrnulu6!)
azoJuplJ rolalpruJp Ealpls gc elserdurl psul ere auorl6rlse3 'aJlqrolrroJ
1pgaI-op$llbanpnlubespnaucIna1rl-ooJaoaJpcBap1ea3d,alrrPaeraaJlfrr,\pnt'Ppaebldulfrrsusu1upBrerlrJilargpdcJaslpeJaarelIzSapua'barulera1zrnonrr1Ju,rlrgn"aorcJupuraJsagrltprrgBI;uncaTllpelllnaT'daBflarIaoBoarplJdSpBslollroearlpruuulqlpurrprdrllJtrlJuluu^searJrallleuesupfruluIpoor'roIol1prp,6Jtl1ogsp11uluSJbsnuu-eupqp3BsrJlal'Ceuuplororanrrrlu'ralappe1br-dalgaresqsr1r
qrseerirod ps nJ pu,r:)',,rn1nro1g6urlu! Inroln[e u1 a6re1e ps" 'essas lolu
-eds lnropespqruB eaunds urnJ 'nes 'nrlrqre op IaJ un rS nrlneu aulurpJ
ealncl re er r*-npurndrtlrul 13 llarnpgbpJ 16B^ rorn]nl purlras 'ezrrodural
B'IatI1InJalSrbeoaa1llrr1pB\doJluanpaptpuraqalelaJlli-'.pprprs^rnpplduarrnEcrilpuplalss'rpoberrp,SlJ, aoarlu}ael'nllarrupfuJleoorJsgoeainrlleazbnraqIrpJ1ps3allJJeuprJgpdra{usielrlJaaubrnlaulegr
t'1cng1rn1-e-rp,d,auu1relSaalrrnr Japllul n'ptfluepudgaJulu1JnprflupnsuroplrJlrnsrreuerrllead e1" azaJJnI
rS ps
auor16r1se3
el
T|}J,NIOO TOEVJ Ii}T Vf,THNJ VT VINVdS Ni
IIIA
nRlsndInnquarIlEpCuLl,r'enrJuou6'IpufI,.*lrppVolrlZunlgJolosal plalsqspuBooa{ArrrBonruIJBru-uIBJnurrlrlaraaIoppJunIpJa^IUpolp'uererpulde4udBgooIu1rluoaadclaea.ldrs
tot atit de putin a$teptatd in Italia ca qi aici. Am fost primit pletutindeni, in drum'
cu mare cinste, dar mai ales in acest orag. Deqi era foarte tirziu seara cind am
ajuns in Madrid, mulli seniori veniserd sa rnd intirnpine din ordinui M' Saie, cdreia
i-am sdrutat miinite in ziua urmdtoare. M-a primit nu se poate mai bine qi mi-a
vorbit in termeni buni de Sfin{ia Sa, aqa incit -spcr c;i intrigile francezilor n-au
izbutit in acest loc,"
il., a cloua audienfd, impxratr-rl vorlie;ie ]ilter si llu fiir:i ironie cle
ne:jLrcierile papei cL1 reqele Franfei ; Castiglionr irce a.rcii sii-i convinc{d
c5'nu1le din ivonurile ce umblau elau false... ln:;criscrile cXtre arhi-
epis,-oFul de Capua (Schonberg) aratd cum era judecat papa in Spania:
,,Muit rdu se spune despre Sfinlia Sa, ceea ce rn'i rnihne;'tc acllnc, mai ales
ilele rdinin flri eicct. ]l ce;nl priveste, eu mi lncred iir firea l:un&
cd v.lrbele care in mijiOcul nOrocuiui:j-'lu:,-<t lluriat Ca ull om "e
Cesarului,
cucernic' TOtUqi
mdii,;lisesc cd sunt adinc tulburat. Cred cir ar li mare lucru ca papa sii flloseasc{
primi,i prllej ca sd arate Cesarului ci senlimeniele sale nu s-au schimbat" {foIadrid,
1B mar lie 1525).
l:spSimintat de dezastrul lrancez $i ti:mindu-se de riizbunarea iiil-
p5rai-ului, papa se qrdbise, la 1aprilie, sii incheie un acord cu vice-
regeic spaniol Lannoy $i sd trimitir ca legat in Spania pe cardilaigi
Salviati, care, impreunfi cu Castiglione, sd obfind un tratat ciurabii.
Dar 1lt acelagi timp, Giberti neqocia cLl alnbaseciorii francezi. Clenienl
ViI trimisese plin llunliul sbu feiiciliri inpdral,:lui pen',ru victoi-ia r,le
1a Far,ia" indemnindu-l s5 intreprinclh acllrn o experlific conl"ra turcr-
lor care aneninlau sdrmana Iialie aflilla e canqLrassotfl (1e atitea cala-
mitdli. Carol Qr-riniul multrumi curtenilor 9i asiqurd pe frapd cie dorinfa
iui de a izEoni pe turci. Vorbe in vint toate accstca.
Castigilione se iuptd din rdsputeri sd ajungij la un accrrd intre papd
gi impdrai, Acti.vitatea lui e rnare in aceqii ani : scrie cles personajeior
inalte rie la curtea pontificalS, mai ales lui Ciirerii 9i lui Sr::1J'r1.;e"s ',
ngei v-oiet,reincfionrdmpinedsute-ipdroestopcreoltuoltocbeigsneuiitnt-iplachlaiartupra'.epaeisdDiarenicotl.ic.,inddesperrea
feh:l cum erau judecate evenimentele iialienc qi chiar ciinciu-je sfaturi
precise asupla potiticii ce ar fi trebuit sd aib[ Sfin'uul Scaun. Castiglione
are pi11il la sfir$rt mare lncredere in bunele intenfii ale ilnpiratului.
,,Ceea ce-mi scrieli de la Roma md umple de nelinilte;i mI tem cii tot ce
facem aici se desface acolo. Pentru dragostea.lui Dumnezcu, amintili Slinliei Salc
cd ne putem increde i1 Cesar mai muit ca in oricare altul,.. Rafiunea;i cxperien{a
m-au convins de cinstea Impdratului ; sunt siqur de ea ca de propria mca existenfE.
De aceea rog pe Senioria Voastr|.s5. vcgheze mereu 5i s;Zi nu lase pe Slinlia Sl
sd se pripeascd" (scris. cdtre Capua, publicatd de Martinali)
Irrancisc I ir.rscse arlirs luizolrir;'irt Spania. C'ittol QuiniLll ii iin-
punea grele concli{ii cle pace. Iteqeje rezisla 9i insuli canceiarul impir-
in ale7gOeredacrc-eacfliicausvecsanpicrti:niocripqaolivlodrieslidci asf9eitnaicic:hu{pnlicurltiaelr.iai Iui Clcment VII gdsirn
cunos-
datariul Giberti,
cut penlru francofilia lui, celdlalt Schonberg arhiepiscop de Capua, cu sentimente
pro-imperiale. (r:.a.)
5C4
9S9
l-':'nr''o1iJaPRr|rrfdz1:egnJ{lleaerlI1usodcIIgpeptesusi;JrrtlseeIarp1rIatprerr-E;rfSlr4El:uurptppnproepdI;tIpSgJra-uaoaElrrrpIrrpploranurallaq{1losouuuppz6i]rrrppzaJoIa1Isnrrsn,errrlleEp1araarInrsnInzrlnJuaulEl}rdnrnaloprJzos]ilpeJlaopzpa_auilqlpaapsrprraullanoaonplBissurRurdJalrznso'rliJpeJsadlBusperradnou1-p-slrrs6a!pullauu6pllparl-rirreAe7neJ-lsrprdireajfp1arpursecCapenI,-rcreldaRs\te.iazparsunrprdJadaorzIurSfrruJtpeugerJrrRecIli^iJu;irirLisoloF;guoI;pJdrq"aurp{"o,ltn11nar3ic;:p1nar*srii1sp1i,1{olEprurmiequn$i{oirfe1l_uur,"edsr;r,"rloieir3fllano-spipo3Orll.erugu3ril,e-frp}c1epgri{g'tnOnnsbgddr}prrsEn'nEou'"p'p-5r:;irl}
?lropnunrfs,srn,l.E1ee.!IJ'orrnJ.gq"rppu-dzlrsr,pu:?g'porTJrlutuJeprrq'uorr:J1pdarruo,lJraplrdtpolleaelr5srsIr!r1lorloF1Blpnpsra.oslrnelj-rJrr:esfdpt,naldnre1pru3ronlmrr:sals.laur,ln\ie3:ratd1pcupr1dpuaorr1-:ullJIcennlpldlsululepo1,par:lJ.slsotrydlqr^pTruSilusueaJruap.nHriruoserJrorridungudpleudnuxidpaln"alssppupdrraful,iB)^.,rrI,,lsrpnrann"Jdrr,,-)leuJJan,sJa:loJ'l3n;I""nnu'r:,pop,rl:pJdJ;T,roJin,enJ:irlp',.u-o.':,u',r:p1pi:a'{nt'.,f.drru,'upn'1rdcilol,.-vturt,;,n""J,:,rd,*rt1y6sirl*lnoJ,:,,spll,
gR-p6JrupJn6fares.en1nuubrpaesqsupooalroqp3Jups.IrIprraJlrpIuntr,urI.pIGI]opzcog]Ereodrpr*rcqi ter'licinglpiredorpJrsil6J.pn,cr$Bpode+uiro!-,or.aa.r,1e,aqop1;^p.o1re5o.pr:nrll-cr;Si;n]_lair;3;c1:i
c-a''a+i'Iar",l-+piunlJ"u'ne1lqtadu'zpr1lrlI{1Pa--1uLNarnnrop'oo:e3rrgr1usa"nsqrf'a1laeaaBs"rlosdd"-p'lrt;a'lrpJd1poudoo:ogu+lesJI;rirdfr,r1pudid,.l,e1onu\serouerJrpirqopa'^InIcldaSneJlusrpteuJrsL:o?p[ua6rpolonuIpaupdlfeerbr,plrlr]rJrcrsqnra1anudarr!i3odl{udu;uorpoppEid'auuiorlrfpgr3lDRriorn]Iris;unrpoeSelprculrzoparrl^eo$aodra'rlle'rz'1iqruileglloutnnaqfdr{,r'ts-rqBs]sldJpersrulaeaoaapucrsepe1rlrespri-a:daosr)uEp!ppufgsdruurszrlursapnn,orsoonip,alJe'plqupoi6aasBrroll,bou-ulzor^crrpng_ppnrlriaiplrlqlporlqa-trrpspqJuerdelfrueoeJia'6url;znIbpea13brnprreep"a3$aldnarqsocE1ooin'toeru6oiorlleb:rd-}irrere.i5:a+uiipolooi,r.-.uJ1o1nrrgrrplednJJpalr$neztirtraeaardp;1Jpae;rseu''tpe:uqu:rcirrp$"ainirJr'1u'rronalueqrs-uoruelidLprial6ao}1yl;lleosn.s-aoo-'JpI,sr'rgipo:1briopull.'lr:n1JeiAJiijipirfr-,luBrrrp'.iesreis,rrir;ui,JJetiil,srlinepn..ilriiIp3n'i,lrrorrl,1i'uns.1rirsi.ipAi6ger,o,rei-fai,ssoer"jrlp;iir.ajrpir'euilfirJ|,.,a:p.Jan,ir'nrenoi-ir-r?ii,eirr*;r,ii1,{i"iiei;,rrlclcor:,iai"rn.q.nnilariJ*is,ris,-cur3d.rrJl0slrirsunjrJi",.,ucJaro,o1occi.o-:r1r*nUuJ1i6:tiili;rjIj
ea--.roo--,pa+uolrJtuJoarlrtaooteoiddERr)rdp]ai1spf^c,-iJ,*idrlrp;rs1pleopuIss.ferp;etunel\1eunaJi34nnt'rlopo1r.sruIJorunr'3(urrdeprpar^JstsefrlJlprrreseeppl'1iorspeEusui1slariireoe'-1l,rsJirpr-gsJsJllrrurea'n3.'er;oeuz'rre;:rarrI+€lr1upn-us+rLerse,roEp{ua1ierJr3Doolpr:Srps€rnrur]es'1oluJspnpeLsarn;r;sqnnrt'Jrr1pt:;{lpcnor'pJeic'rsrl.leauei'rBrr!aeiJor6zspp1punialrrca':rjra'auieilpr-on-ui6oernrl'o-erclpreflip,rilelnpal'peunc1rreri.salp1lr/rl..s',^rult.':n6por;(.{urrrS,irdllJ,i,rp:i:iZ.blprocpt:pEriri_tlr"1D6rntlnroIiro1c.etse1-rin,aprsu1trnqr'les.r',idqoptu.r'ergou1sung3orelq1tia.ni;i.i'regr..,:sJul,ii513inoo'jjro-]i:'p.ia,.i)tarsrr,:irinij*6"rrf.'lri.o*iinjl1,i,'jr:,dg;riol?iiirren,r:r1zp,,i1i..i.irriio;,i-,Jrci,irjll
Intii de cresterea peste mdsurd a puterii impdratului in ltaiia' apoi de
Nicmnniieatuaegpl,tnteoefcl.iiald,eDomader,ge'eeacnzraeiclagcldutdeqaSrioeticbaairlutaupnstdlutddBttcpeaiusirtneiepiiarruiei,mcteaiqpir;eiea9adriiuacSrcAleeiasptitnrunuouilsdmlpeteaeSdrlMsiieteuairitltaaeeaannrcourif-etiadg,uup,tcperci[drncriseiicesfeMoccrts.lfatiesdgaplloniinratorem-vgduoetane-rt
clfcmaercespec;dtoderauStgpufoilirbzvniain-c.aetirofmearicpanedirrcdialieetuulaIinai-Pgacaianvdrideaatss9ddeienppn-uaoenanfdtduecmmuadtig-nroatae,teppcileoainrdiMin, tipirnlearvianengsovat:iituucarrrgeargfalituiin,pibauFtctarueattesn-t"oe-.
asiqr-rrdri. ,,$i de fac mai mult caz ca de orice alte asigurdri,
pdrindu-mi NI. Sa acestea str5ind de minciuni qi inqei6ciuni cit e binele
aga de
catceXtleelelrt1duauufiiitnroC'e.raa$pr,iorroClrevQaninsuetciifngiieitiuincolir.,neefSqratdiiqnnneci uepiziusinesoeulranicstaeeapn;uigamlledpczehiin,essz5udSipgSusiesdfienpstleeiiangdtSirenuadfoedbiaetolsnsrceedclseaeianSintpifmtaaepnentinaufi-.li
,,Deci, padre beatissimo, nu vdd nici mijlocul, nici forfeie suficiente. nu cu-
nosc nici un cuvint ori dreaptd pricind pentru a face acum rizboi impdratuiui ori
cel putrin pentru a impinge la rizboi fdri primejdie de ruind : e pururea legitim
si tc aperi, dar sd ataci nu e pelmis nimdnui gi mai ales acelora de ia care se
agteaptd binefacerile, liniqtea qi pacea popoarelor. Sirmana noastri [talie, bitut6
<ie atitea calamitd{i, daci intrd incd o dati in acest foc, va fi prada barbarilor care
pururca au urit-o..." Sd vegheze deci Sfintul Pbrinte asupra {taliei Fi si-i pistreze
pacca unit cu impdratul. ,,Fird aceastd unire nu va fi nici pace universald pentru
crcstini, nici intreprinderi impotriva necredinciopilor, nici vreun ait hun rezultat".
D9iaai-scgcirdloncruiuanutSiunflinnglorieeuEi erSdqatzelbeoi.ni,,,Dpcdearcledpreupa{einnlutsri,udepndnucupamtaearlidedcnindotarS-soltirnedtioaDruiVnmloenaeeszxtrethrueamrraefoapsetsnpitrriunmecuilnbsicctaeiurae-
a luat torfa in mind ca si pund focul in toate coilurile pi si inchidX calea pdcii,
dcscl'rizind-o potopului turcilor spre robirea creltindtdtii" (Toledo, 28 .decembrie
1sr;).
Descdrcindu-gi astfel conqtiilfa, nuntiul continufl a trimite ia R.oma
inciemnuri pacifice impreund cu nouthfile clin Spania. Asupra trata-
tirlui cle ia Madricl aratd cA a fost mai aies opera lriceregelui [,anioy;
Francisc I pleacd din Spania nlol contento 9i nunfiul impdrtffFe6ie'p'5re-
grImeealpeSlunriautGusaletetvirnaaarfdiane,eacadltredenpridecrfieurzuedn:plesingpbdusmleaisneut,lltudneAi gCsi da15sssteiagmlcinoaenzoeescttaXratiiccaietupi iece;ficni5iL1'sredsie-.
va fine cle cuvint ar fi iuai drept mdchant lntnnte 5i mi5ei. R.evine
intenfii ale implratului faffi cle Slintui Scatis li
mereu asupra bunelor trurne ar fi inselarea cea
ingel ; de cind sunt pe
cle Italia : ,,Pot s5 md fl cea lnai nare calamitate p€ntru ltalia, chiqr de
mai mare". Rdzboitil 61
s-ar putea spera in victorie.
che ,,Si cintdrim insd bine, in numele Domnului, inainte de a intra il i1irr,i (prima
in ballo)... lncrezindu-ma in prudcnta sfintiei Sa[e'
ci mettiamo cred cd va
lua.hotirirea cea mai bund, cea din care vor ie;i.pacea $i iinilicg' cred, de ase-
nenea, cd aliindu-se cu Franfa, nu poate ie5i clecit rdzboi, ciorinta uatura{i a Cris-
tianisimului fiind gloria pentru el $i rizbunarea pentru trecutele lucruri.
Llrnrind
596
169
I+'aaa'glnlulrufJrunuoJolnrlrlplB1oulss6^BIlas^nruJ1IorglEspuaReJanl3ssalqnlulln'ppplnlllcoJluuJspJaFaasdppprulaillzl!npIIdneJs'aaJrrsdduosppoIaa,',zIrrEqllIap^6urJsIrorunnolpsleslulpe,rr,EgrrJ:gr:-oIdsIopnnpuulrllrerJonogioodelplrs.qpoprearzsu,Juc,npaItvIJuequqo1duI'rrapear1lqIu1senrluopoullu6uAuraoolernnlo3luuou'erRnerzIl,fzIo,parerall,rglapxdepunlSualrererlrsaan6.raepqj1nrraJ1acloarAgle,6qil1nealeSurpa1dlzurrepreaIdrJpJrrj
-opp ps 13 er1e11 urp olalerrrre 1S-npul6prlar ouEII14i e1 afunuer ps I rcrl
ea-puga-B---lpn1pxe1us1ssdIi111dally.1epslls'rprfnlerauseelo3aJ-rl'aIJelecropflelg,ansrnR]rrsBgalr{gdsrruurnadSius'u'drneI_ec;nuelroruplefBrlpesJroleCJrpddlrrrlJarpe-palpingl-alu'p1ruloIdnr1l'drarp1pon1IpulueecIusBrJpsnJrlBldnnnoelI:Ipl61IrasasliaJ'r1eln1uedIIedpnp1n-crernqFeiI$p1ifr1reruprpodasIaSr1dnronJ[cpJlnBe,ppsrsls1,npaapr;1le.nBoJa,c1rSIlnr,drnuJzduaarnrpanJ.earielplrnyappnp1pdrpasdrnll6nludupderpIeBu,lqnnIuIarereoJ1rlgfalrIpdanaSqnduIrr.ecurl'zdfFu,n:noi,rpI1uuiBJulareIgrrr3Iol1rrnl1arolJzlerulaeedrr1oaaceforaaacarulJnptuu6dnerdluru1reo.ulr;Jrerreoep11roopf1nuaeri1usJ16zl;alpuolrpoee4usp1qr5e,e31olorsnroae1ua6grlseddezur$'arqdn3ea1s6ezlurllJnrsr,1lBrnflrfga.oeeepsu1pcJerds3s{uopr-npsna,dleaAalrpsuar]aJprn:rol,J1unr,rsrI1Jara-fepnra"racprlddarJoErdullsulube3lInaJaalpep-uIgl'pedpsecn]urnBrcrcrsac-eJOreu;IierrroJ;11puaJ-IaaCpIB$q"InlrJI6lalqoIuuRsuuu1anudunnrr1rantrulEerobdpdr1pp}i1drcEusctsuJJ6tlti
aara'unoB-int(-npsrulggpuraIse6s.szpr*uRa-uelb1sul-lrosrrpou$tteslrurnroru6apele'rla,rlrnl,rnoul-d1ua'luarfenoon,aIlnBuaBrrr1rpId1ufJuslrSlarp'6dpreJrpuupr$lrropeI1SfasaasrresladpaIuul4lleasuuJuprIr3goorlesnasJnBrsrJrSalfe1gplDcBlJJp^n6nrIdJo$Jurca'ua'l1pIapaterudrlrespaqsopfneaI3usr,rerr3,uup€'repoaau.naIq1arllnrp1urssegulle1Scrclreru1p3rcappa1an11r6r11urrpdsTuIenear1rar1,r-tdo6rol4r1r:ruo.edaa1lrrcp1asqurapea1nlprerepnrpdur3sulululJpsc6grnelrer^oJre$pgIlla,Jr3al1,plr.soirse'uuupp,ne:ed,ralnlelsdpBarulirip:dqpIsnr3aaaslpuJB)JBsrIpuptr.{Allar,,upauSc,,r.s61EIrounna1^ou;niOuusrrserI-1sside1gulsd1nna1uerssulldesN1-err'-I1rruo1ndpulf,narauei,ratorrrn1,ul1pddia.praergliuO!npop6nrJuJlarJuqsuunraurllprapnyp1{lJe7a,qiaiuseaoip;c6Etrroaliir1ueiriapBr5arlelelrudsAoll61rar1EaapAp1IgSd]nr6sanaacrsuillp',lun,perrrtpriu1TB,ncugrpJs,sfrl
pae--rusIrlftseunpscoerpISsrpaJglrs1lJrl'u$,osa,IDsrpulplsrenrJl1araes1llSDcua1eru'nJeulrSdu1aaa{unlrld1esudadtsarenedusdpbnands1rDusrr1urgJroprrrupprruuelJnnsleloedndlsqseuf[,uzdlrIurl-zeRpp'DprsJ'lrpuf?eaernusuqpauraoIsaJr6eBlr1udceniefU'1n16.laepqe.6prruopoaurjdpjnfr"oouu'6iriauuluaone.dai,11,or6agdurraup61orre-{iuasqroel'6rrr,3fl,lap}napus1rduonlin1ruBnfOberc,
oaJA eJseourird ps lnrfunu rro 1n1u6a1 pJ prptr JoJl €rpn iS ure,ruurr4
p3pp '(gzgt iBru rS ar1rrde,e111,ra5),,aurnl urp lueroubi r,lpuurpt dIatuJl Inuo na lxns nu
'pS eriuigg ap gfeg qfuro,tgunq ep u11d a'urnJe arer ad upusnp pdpd
eulnl ,apraid
tS-npulcpg 'llelinla) e IS .rJ B^ B1nun .rJ re liJlro erep ! lesua;o €-l alnrarl {rnuraJA ur
plsorp pJ Elln BA nu 'edBd nJ llun ,llrunl lB u3dp1s 1nrursiue11s1.l3 I gded
n.rluad roleunpp IJ eA ,lnlBllnzar IJ le arpslro :
aprald e,t 1ro e6urnu! eA Iro ,roqzpr
nici sii retragd armata clin ltalia, cu atit rnai pulin infelege sFi intre
intr-o ii-cd incheiatd impotriva lui ; iar ambasadorultti francez ii spune
cd ,,stipinr-rl sdu e un trdclStor gi un rniqei". Cit despre acuza{iile papei
din acel l-rrevc,,piin de calomnii gi aspru", va provoca un conciliu in
r are sii se jttslifice. Rnptura era astfei flcutii, spre disperarea lui Casti-
c1lione.
Curia rorlanai, clupd ce expecliase prirnul breve, igi ciase seama cii
acuza{iile pi tenlenii erari prea aspri; dupd pu}ine zile trimisese altul
ti-rai blincl, pe care nunfinl il prezentd impdratului. Dar cancelaria im-
redactase rdspunsul ia primui. Zaclarnic stdrui Castiglione
p.erialii gi
sii nri se lrul;lice nici acesta, nici rdspunsul : impiiratul rdrnase neclin-
ti t, si;uninci cd a fost pe nedi-cpt acuzat, cleci trebuie si se apere. Dar,
se iingriia nun[iul,,,acest rdspuns nrl se potrivegte cu ceea ce am
transrnis Sfinliei Sale asupra bunelor intenlii qi ciragostei filiale a Ma-
iestitii Voastre : eu \ioi fi privit la Rorna cle cel rnai mare mincinos".
Carol Quintul scrise atunci iui Castigiione o scrisoare autograf5 in
care scuzinclu-se cle asprimea rdspunsuiui dat papei, il insdrcina s6-l
lrartsuimit{e.riannreefifcjiuulinal tuncronlruejlpcatlelmSbinuficnniafnieossiaSdvaiolneinp;fripiic,eindCaeadssatoigr(ilnyio}naoescceilearitnrifecicrdeoedqinpufaeaceacdmgniyudearc.aa-
cr:sion iro quc cIore},-s mentirosct). CastigJlione rdmine convins pind la
sfir5il de l una credinfi a lmpdratului. Precum scria arhiepiscopului cie
Capua : ,,Nu pot crede cX -a,'iiiltaarinfgiealStciiiaunreductlaotrenn, ecgrteedincdsuDfulemtunleazeceusntuui
principe ; clacii sult acest
l-ar riibda pe prirnint" (Granada, 1B septembrie 1526).
Pe cincl s.1rmanul Castiqlione se zbiitea la Granada, la Roma se
petrecea lorritura pidnuitil rle cardinalul Pompeo Coionna gi execu-
tatd cu ajutorul crpitanului spaniol ugo
ir:npiiratului e in afard cie N{oncacla. complicitatea
cle indoiald in aceastd afacere. Arrind a face
cr-i ciupli ciiatea i'raliand 9i cu jocul pericuios al papei, se arath tot aqa
ric
brri-r t'nctestro c!'inglgnni ca potentafii italieni, mai ales cd avea $i forla
cie Ciement VII, se
1;arlea iui. Carclinalul Colonna, rrechi cluEman ai lui
lircuse forte fald de inipbrat s5 goneascd, cu ajuiorul facliunii neamu-
Ii:i siir-r, pe paltd din Rorna. lmitdralul trimisese pe lv{oncada iu Italia
cu misiune si atraq6 pe papS de partea lui gi sii-l clespartd de ceiialti
confeclerafi, ori cel puiin sb-l paralizeze. ,,Dacd papa respinge ofertele
ncoiiasseirejo-acirsccruia.cCearerorilleQnuoinatsutlreincasescdrect ilgutiigMeotnimcapd,aa, m- iniseagltled-{aicScAveczeil
ce lovegte intii lcveFte cle doud ori ; atunci vei putea in toatd taina
sd cerj catdinalului Colonna sd-gi pund planul in execn{ie". Ceea ce
{iici" clon lJgo, care rlealtfei fusese in tinerete la qcoald bund : servise
sub C-esare l}orgia. Clement VII cdzu crl mare ugurinfd in cursa Colo-
neziior : increzindu-se ht crivintul lui Vespasiano Colonna incheie cu
acesta rin acord q;i ca sd scape cle cheltuiala trupelor ce apdrau Roma
1e licenliazir. Cuil spl1llea N{achiaveili, ,,papa s-a lncrezut mai mult
in ceiirea;a citd iine o i:and (uncL impennata cl'inchiostro) decit in o mie
cle solciaii care eraLl cle ajrlirs sd-1 pdzeascS." Oragui rdmlnind fdrb apd-
raie, Colonna cu lr'ioncada ndr'.Iiesc, il iau in stdpinire gi vor sd pund
tr-rina 1..'e papd. C1ein"11 VII de al:ia are timpul sd se inchidd in Castel
:ant'Aircielo. Spaniolii gi oamenii lui Colonna jefuiesc \raticanul, pa-
598
669
ISernIaJp arrls aluprrr BI pT ',roJBoJrrI eS erluiJs pur^ ps r] rE plps
u--:IuOnl !PArSIprTlIrIlNlepeJn-PrJEUtoSrIuNJplJuu]BuIlInapJs3uPraOurIJIrBopISN6FJarNrauabrlU,lulplIrpSJens1lrr+AorJuplBeJlCi+nIIpsAf I+dr,,aSn,ar^lJREpaSllrlInuI{appJlS-rLarAorpPJluJp3noJIBsVrrJp.lO.-u.raJliJrJu$IlUeaJpCplPn,r,Bl\poA.s}la_NprnUsLpJr"l
aropoJJrrr ne rs (nrarJ Duonq ouuDI 1rul aurq lsenrrd
rs lnleredrul 1J 110ruecls rrJorlras
pJ Is rrarpd oilB arp rrnrJnl o+Tn'' ui ,Jsarnu
pJ prrlzp^
Spn-peeuqlBgpIcrIJel IpanrolrslpieauErrausodpppqq'upnur1upnslloziolaJpperlJlt1apazlrarrlJ$J'ruopp.q,Jl,zlnJnpr1l'rsusoeeop1rrSpgrsynbp,ul,nqr.rudrrorricupqllzgspglgarslpeepfldruepnrcraoutrlua'orn.i'n' sppa_+f6r,sauaplurcdapleupJ:r-tlio3ll!:Spsr
Inial 101 e1 6urdur3 11 'rtrnrlrn-r1sur 13 lrosr.rJs llareur np oJBJ,,n1
rrnuuia-rFa'na---;nppti.eerae1ltr(rnl.arlJcrt.p,eLesrrr6ld{neu$Tuolulr1RuccJa(araoleerrlnq'6'lJJlrlJr^r-udarb.Jfnuocpicr,orern1s5papll1,rlJre-ocqrrlJlrurnpon4opoqqupLr,g-ua,lrrsrlprrJrps''itsaps1pildarliopeaJluco.zTpnrJurc]p[cllrlrprolp;l[rtll,?ru[:'Rulroilg;1lsr'o\n/sprJ1tprsrp.sJ-rPJlpepllJl:prclorpra1uusdroro'aluJdpngres1)rolloppulneu^rrs{0flJuoanEqurJ1l1enUeiirpa,rroeeor3pr)aq^rosrpnr1{oeppp1papJr;dup1lsgrredvJznusgu1eorlpdciepuoso_nl1lrLlroeeepJarceprpr1ngrcolu1csu_ruaSt1esolulrrrr]loaJprpao*r'p0,e1-rqpef-alraerr6pecogcerlAoJ1snlulls}opnlnloerueituuqpfrLpp'r1l,el:ralrprpltuEr-spqou'leniiJlpsrarlaalunp-lru)cfrrJrcrqril(1Is-rl,lpueurun"lxrlpioSlpropdaepcaJapupus"+u0url,dclrrds4raosrL)t'pnoplg[sarlaeeeulplra'pJJJprenc,rupduaue1pIptIop]reIJnI1pqpIIJcrirJnTuscundraurlarplUdur'ucnarrnnarroIfJa$oLl,rpnpelelprOsleiJsrpepr1rplroiRracped_po1anJu}uia,esr1JrpJapcJourripra5pieuniJlqrp)rpr1aodeaDB-ponloil,clrnops,r;nsulrInrltapueulueds'p.zCifatgaaiaJpdurrenapo1,zrr1guerJrrroesprlraaoscrsdrsa1rapnralg-pzsaIqnu6punrurnnIrJ'eocpipErlrsr1raropRuel,rp7,nlrinsaIorl.luaioirrsaqnreeprreliolrrr;nsupru,3r5err"ip,etrrruau6.rraor_arpn1r'uan:nra1^npsrpJl'sloeclleiu:nsr1rruuan:l.pc]ipz1eexn{0aJnu_gtnlraeJa3!gs1Lsr3usrs.sJsrIll
Iorp')'pppJlrotr^f ap ltn]pJs.aJrsrJn].rpu ap alp]putnl o era aJ paaJ
ar ra' ad eznser uolncr nu ,,,,"**"tj"!l1",fi'# i:'Ii,jJji-l;"*:j,"i'i;,t;11";H
sulrde roqzgr un r* rn1 e,rlrlodruJ plplrprr porunl Elpol pulzpr! 1sn1o1 t ole1drn11rr!
eIaJ inlnlolJns
erdnsB nr:sgde T-pc IS urplo IaJp plpporf,Tu :lpp E-u gr pugrnf ,leznls
apar3 es Io nozourunc ei gc asnds rrllr rpp ,FlpJSru alrpol nJ pS palplsarpl^I,,
BppuJoIoiIlodrI(rIlgernIeIecreqga6Jlrrpulteaqndel1recqaruduia'n:pnoerusaln3prpdJouJpppuecJrlgluJJZ1leIpl3sIpprr'lsaiupriuuiIlJrJloaaprs'Brpulnrba7gnprl0plluslacRolelsu3noarapllqrS:ple,sc,aoeaar1Jpclliisrucpe'p1alei+1upfsEc,rrpsoaopodp]alJuaelsslusrcooraIa1^riunpoilnurpeurrr.ua^rrprn,or,EcJn,lprfafpirtJu1la'sgrro,,Drpl3n1nopalli.o"nBsl,nl1irunlzrrrourno3uJ*:
fft5lJjI--:rurplu1arrqoneard^aresacneiJrs'lnlu1e0lar1nrdaauduagrlluflsq6'leoue.ur.au'\r-;oerrererr'airp'elagppperce3enqr"cou"tt"r\o"Jo'fJnpttrJJlrrSplrnuielin15'laeinllrrlrcill1jrel1.crluialros-acr"pql ir?n,orr'olr]arrl1id"lsnn"luu,ritlu:pBie-,au"JrnasaglalaetrqiplJ;i
"ssiii"uaacc-"hnri;Ui"o;stf;noo"ilb"iiir.,ntei,,turc-dgle"teeeidgiiiiiaminngnpvtitooaiuanpl*licaauunAdl*iaio'.-a"rlnvciciitUenm"l san:itcSu,as,pScdisanduedngcnviiutmdavcrr5eSilneguimctcpciilireuenluu,liginnpemiiiummdalsienrdiinqieccgaurii,ecnri1-i'fdetuecutzonu.{vd9r-,aiqc.nb.mugSanA6nnuoi inaiCccitquaieptsmevegtreinregeattaltuiriiocutaannidteiuceecan,-i:
rdzboi contra PaPei.
;*ifGIlno(;siiiiia;$iJizvi;ii.J;tinnttii"i"fin."tilanrr;-dfi"i"i"iii"1"rpft"ioi*""-i""rirtl.ltsi;itgiietrrhg'iivCe6""ipti"iri"efrPgaueEit*tuu,sa;"'aa"a,'a"a"ii;"inuqcr;tne"o*n1l"pc"i"-gtispi;iirl..lci-cl)ninu"qii,tiiaidoiiim-rd;"ea;.tirn"iiciuciiiirluvin"."tgienta"a"i"a-i-uudatttigfrlda-gi*erosliSipta,i*hetniiiipau,iiazdviruansajliEnal"liigasUii-niiliilpaiet'usirtrL"ectli"niSiuFqp",rouiie,it"pe,,rcttuapl.BMrtalporp'rs;Bj""r,raiiAaimnarp,1puerio'ieasd"ro"amaeta"nunuipasai*rg";nB"nrtu-trgrioi{"pi;itueau"ueiet?ecurduiiJr;irdiuraci-it;nl-thittlr"tiecoi^rigt;;tu"i-aLeiriunf-euiitiu&"-nsft,ezfnteaNoib,rdiesu*irtindioiniuo";s*rc"n"pn"e"egc;deius*aalaiu"eru'"Um;otsuuraroteudpeot;remedteimUita";xics-eadaif.iiet"c,cenaSuio.iipuerdiiiiet"riimteilbnBacozileticldtiupttitM,irtttaocelirmrqulritooadairoceneot:".iniiairrLetaflubrnnti*iloe"etpoetpsnCeerojvnrosb5"odtn,daSnubralmarcpmtictatasliouinepooreo'alncuennaioar.rieabueadomlavr.nd-e,bdaaunlndafarIId..uaiartaunltmrljdeFeieirddri'surajaraoi,mpcrzchodeGcmei,i.srpiietrornllduieoaitasecueoiaimpmnsarraiireeeDpgrrdtncee-pusamteddt,isiagoiae5riidJceeddqumte.ssredanz_.eReusil.rraeeisatttuecmCidogbdiuieirotC,lflotatstlrol'ma]sJ,tsziuiiulmrorau5ajmluzecom9pBcavalu.vlpitlanu-1udI-eonanraugiuaoif9gaaae:idpntdp.i,aennu[pre.'uisuscduntvas,-BootcadiMletu9IlfLparemoicoegiap'.aaztobufn'ssvmcdu-assleet5.eie6dulFciuocprc,udirezierqrdegrld-ir.,i-dirnagatid,a5e-uidcn_iidoube.mricilttjnruscmeniadeeeeomaosr,aiumpiipedatjinrqfrmtoseeLn'pnalnertuutit$aebaueaielma6riixtaosnldoliamgleaoictreclinrdlriisdsaga.Ruiifaitab;iruerssmctciipcsi1aibalStn_'Dortupascdidia.ude5leaaoacdl1ameduYiaieui,2orruaL.rnr1eteeifi.ist;taesmicl7anvai,nAdaiuri,rluvennlceb,ge:'delRiloiura.ipnmiecnrce'hljIsddpiidz,deoiopetl.sihgaeernuataaoodpiupmaeiurndipen-rtlpdidudlocriaurcleliig-i.5anriiauuse9eluaeeeaa-nd.d*e-t'ie-'-i,t''
mai vdzuserd atitea orori.
ijiscnp;vsca"i;lbi"ortrorf"eonSurr"gdoio;flsl"Veu"uadt"ec.anversu'ee,-siuds"ilnpn-rutmaaeadmeiec-"auailuvitaluun-riortrior'imtpoueVnimiemulaitiapcacruntrcipsiak,paledaadlntaacds:ucbpetitascnomieupetnoailininiran,cRcjicetuoitnilicror,lssusuasarmptettonditrfcguaieltfipidii5dectn,xstia,6rierncdnsiudifmeqpiics;iesvpiiuehie,nefocaniixasinaliiiraonaItemfttpdsriiedrntpipldaanuaiodlaetraidrdIdet,urbmoa.izIicc1smrfsaaiIfiildn,enimitcpr,denrxdarbtiesaleicbojcalupcusairurisiraenieeciaraspiiegaamrnedailq9dufm,ooupia.;enijriei'ntilmildeepcrcCu^si.rrariaaSeaimeinzrrlgBpredecjoe.dciua'eilnnnniinnrnCenadifideediidfanasorirSdat'c'draleipiolrViIiuliacinmeplesalndslaeQupnitt,iapi-u5aauicos.,e1trriaprnuunamifuuan-trtt-tausaoucrou3'egdLd-lrlt
600
r09
'(tZV 'd'096I 'riSarnrng rPrIlIIod Brntrlpg 'o-y o n1l1pa
i,;Be-nnrI1csrrptillnun'cunnciaraoor6idldnyiunr'il,a7',loioapuo.d^-lrtoesp1l'ai'dalonn.tul-aqdAu'ourd1aDc1bl64lnIxpl'AB'ueas-1oaI1nuajBau'uaI,6a,Io,ieplpeudBlcrdXlulsu-nBo-roaizxcp.dalIotqqaeoiIoooalJn1o,lrdllIr4oonlslrplIcruenul€.uBulirilp;\luIlr'roBaP!,Brlet,uslaBls,ldoull)JJnnBBre:alpnrrdIqoolf)A!tttpBn"rrttBr)rTuu'lIiraq,ga11n,uuqailr'il,nnlrfle"auDa1p;.1lrineluB"^y1uligpqp1[dodTgaraPcootric'pdJr1lu:d.BPloBnIo:prrcnagaalalpesTeuu-lrlraqT-ufIstIfo1unrrI1oauofrl,6ttJ"ldns.pn,aoen*IxtN1td?rdalDBl,dB'a1irnWllnsJl,cIeuiona:uIls[*IesrDoI,1oapnlXd;r.oJsrnltouB1u"DIeJerPu*u.1pgI3,rI
ae-alJedou'3rp1nd1enl1uqfgeJ'sr,n6,prurlondBuBpBr;Uf'ruoBrllourodsrnapril^$n3pIgnocfuulpsnradplanooruIclIil"IrlnsPualuluprrrdJnB-JlrnPnIlnllrnouuBroooalun€BlullrslBdnlnoasssue'n(IfI3gJerSUofe6Il'ordr'd1eee'1gclrega'aoG.t.adrI1ua'ul1at1d*pna-latrIpnSuIrnnnalJgsnllurro3o'PlolesIAull
-'gCrr'rjovgt'CalslelBlsrecrousnullcIJllqrnundfa, g- roiulapBrv ernl-rpg '!a!rols! D aTlosoill ap 1taba1at4) la6ag
"n1druls rp6n19c unr - uBurreo rolPurroJar InrqaloJ
-1-'BB1uea1rosI$rBnJoarrrid'craroIoaujrq1ls[rBe1oI'uBue,rDa,cpqltallnluol6onrlspudalargrsbr1rSBeeuIelru-slrreaJr!oudfil,1rosne6lpB6al1u.rfer1,e-r'nuo1eouuurler-3urrrr.rdurtnroo"q6rrSoprrIrglnllbuflpntnIIurplaponul3c'Jolllr-oeorllesrrlu3u('a-"goorl"cfourgrdB1"t,r-S.luetuloorgaTrl7lB1el.lolrl)sfp,.uttorana"l-"-qsIiJJlJglaln;uJ"II:liap?rdu-,IXullpl'ltltuopo-"r1la,r-s1{Irnadlslinnoiusfrsfd-BtIii-ro;ll
BpI'a-'1enolJnirrlJlu1lapnlua-rolu6ndnplallp5spqlrapreq3uasoczrJap1p'nJunJrJfunlieaulpBpuls!eaaIoluJm.lrIranlpsBplrnIrnIroelrIolposurplBsnrepefal,PlJdssnJTlenqdfoIq,UPgoluPnlxarsJ'zearurIaeiIoBeBrlIrlJuAIldaRourotrlZulalorsnopdp;Jeuq-aBJsurrlnaIae:IorlnIlnddgrnsuIalnaarPapRprrJlsoaslpsiBullsIuuazsdallalnrlluSlolpbaaIl'Slle,JsaP4Bedrp7zPI9nl'rptl1JnapJ-Juro1Ioulsplop'sI1ngon6use1JnIllunnup1IIlIrJcJleus0rrrppr'lazdpdzs€uoplP-ttur1puTcal
Ispb InI IIrIJoJouou Brdnse puIllparu eded 'n11dBJ BIIP as puIJ ad
'olaIArO EI SunJ ad asprlar as 'lrnJal IS lIIFin 'acr;t1uod Inupurlps
aa'-lrrIlrInl1JlBsnlnlplsalreoorrJlgBB:dJprJuIaBIlelJpusua'IrapSaqmqPrlJlundI"IdIJuurIInnuIJcInsI'I1nPaBus1ApsulBaerddallJ5plPJIaPdlSIPPUIsp-I-IraPnsrsudaIJanrIclqo'r3'a1Prre+lBrrgIIoIadAluq'rI11lIuuoera;qpu1eeIalne6luJooIdpp'aJIJBIoIp{Irudor llnaouuppr
iapaIIepbSJsdJuarrnenurEoaepddrqlJlAaaaaI:eVJqpIaspIulAr'prpiaIootlpprplil^l$usJIaaaIl-BdntpllueroeorrqldrcaorJoBbenil3trudpBeauips'qJoBaBrt1laSdoo'eelute-$re6'nlraBSaucru1aunIoyIdrql,6IEl1^dlauPlualuuisppsSprselefIaurnrIlSdSavla[neBl-rsornJd'rsppspunsa3lJesIuRe-lRuooPrrnuPslgaJcoepnIlnrdAa'aIPPO5IBpllPn)rtendlrIrIPrIaonusduIrlgIoIluB1ItrPcIIUISBEnsusIapIlOrld^rpsTlcIalIBPorllPoqJueSlulrBrduB1uaInrunJJsJltaIsU3Pd1nIIsJnnrlalE1IoullsnaeIIraaUBtrllsufuaruJlaJunIlnesadiPpPgtp6ssIi
'raluozlrd gded ed puIIlS ',,JsalnlallB;dns 03 IaJ BJ ullnd lpru llraJns ne
IrlsllJeleJ lsaJB oIunrpIlnJelufaeIJ1JSo,tJllrnsaupulrepaoorsdlraanldeBo-BrlgsrdluanlJsuerIatgE3daPsuJuISllnuElial1sl1splalp+nuprPqnIr6?BauJIsuIaSppppuPllqfdioqPruIdSr
uaonrIozRrInnuplAlrPpIralIpslInuns!InPoprJuuaB-IulpIprl-nEJd:Jl.auIJ!olIrzdB. IoJa3-pJSlu;-orSpnaRIgranlzuPIAA
llt nf, 'alulrRd
BI pruog snp E
po.IaJnp rulrdxa P'll^qoPJSpezJlu-o
-nJ JsasdII IuII"
InI IIboIoc : aub11611suJ InI B
'nazaulunc
e1{91ture1eJ uI 'Pq
lionhl BBpepleprclsabpcnE[ p]dporp PpB^ os Ps 1anl1nnqr6aar1lo'ft,aIuSropgr
nrlued- r rolliprrlprec 1u11$arc rolrdrculrd
nuntiu trimise din Burgos (10 clecembrie I52V) lui Clement VII o lungd,
indureratei gi demnd scrisoare de justificare. Singura mingiiere, spune
appDcieaeurrzSea$ftiquinlifs,iafaiincnSeftaiaraus:tdsa,aa.,lSngs-i-Sanapeinaicncnacrizareuezrgziuluiettppliiureneit,rateeolmreaatnepclotraetisdnaiigndbu{uaurcdncer5dilvmeosdliaunrdjftiauusseriieercn.cup"ldeAtroatcrttuiumzmleuigliuii?ili
acestuia.
,,Dacii vorbele geueralului, ale lui Cesare Fieramosca, scrisorile scrise de
mirra viceregelui meritau si li se dea atita crezare, nu e de rnirare cd eu insumi
sE o fi dat vorbelor iegite din gura impdratului, repetate de atitea ori, cu o thrie
ce nu se poate exprima in scris ; qi dacd m-am silit si conving pe sf. v. de ceea
ce credeam Ei cred inc6, am fdcut-o de burrd credinli; gi dac6 a iegit r6u, md
d oa re_ad inc. "
Cit clespre neglijenfa lui in trimiterea de informalii, ii stau mar-
tore nttmeroasele scrisori ce a trimis pe toate cdile posibile, Sf. Sa sd
biner.'oiascb a ie cere canceiariei $i va vedea cit de pe larg scria, fdrd
eveniment important
sd iase nici un neexaurinat. Iar el nu primea
nminimd liitcmaldpiaeie,dlaniciaRcoismcdaei,ndatoe;arrevcaindSncfuuinm;ttuisale,Spcclealvuecnna.ele,a,Ad:cireceeacestStad, nici ce se petrecea
lipsd de informatii
ce nu era nici spre
cinstea mea, nici in folosui Sfinfiei Voastre." Nunfiul se justificd amd-
nunfit asupra atitudinii qi demersurilor lui in toate evenimentele care
alr premers catastrofei. Cere papei s5-i plerimseuafesrcidfdsrcduzsedlel,ecfdicmi ,e,draitca5t
toate durerile sunt amarer cele pe care
IsLt rr iLrtolerabile. "
,,E adevarat cd rafiunea cere, odatd ce vHd qe Sf. V., unicul meu stdpin gi
vicar al lui Cristos pe plmint, indurind cu tirie qi rdbdare atitea calamitEfi ne-
meritatc, sir indur gi eu, fdrd sd mi tinguiesc, ull necaz care, fatd de al sdu, e ne-
insemnat ; dar slibiciuuea sufletului meu nu se poate compara cu tdria beatitudinii
Vo r.lre..."
Papa primegte scrisoarea lle cind se afia la Orvieto. \4ai lini;tit
acum, dupd ce scdpase din iitaidauml Rinotim, .epir,ojlutadbeiic, ddecunemnauimmdruatttedleclrsefpattauteri
acti-ritatea lui Castigiioire;
ce-i dase sd nu se instrdineze de impdrat, sf, nu porneasr:d un rSzboi
care nrl poate duce <lecit la clezastru ; ii ci6du dreptate si-i 15sd sd-l
reprezinte mai departe la crtrtea spaniol:l.
Oricunr, misiunea lui Castiglione nu fusese un succes; dimpotrirrd
ii aclusese multti amdr.lciune Fi avea sd-i scurteze rriata. Arrut-a el
r.reo r.ind in catastrofa de la Rorna, cum a fost acuzat c1e pap5? Casti-
glione, e adev5rat, a avut cea mai mare incredere in Car-o1 Quintul gi
nn a pierdut-o nici in Lrrma catastrofei din mai 152v, cind di-rplicitatea
impdratului, atit in lorritura coionezilor cit gi in mersul asupra Romei
ai lui Bourbon, pulea sh lle clacii nn descoperit6 cel pu{in b5nuitd.
Tmpdratul ar,-ea tot interesul sii fie in termeni buni cu papar nu atit clin
a<linca iubire filiali ce afirma intruna, ci clin pricina nevoiei ce avea
sii fie sprijinit de llisericd. El insugi era catolic fervent, dar era gi
sr1\reran pirmintesc ;i a\rea mari planuri politice ; ii trebuia intii sd fie
602
t09
neI'Ippre-noa-iannafsAouJslJ,uuledlrlp3naorugrouJrLsplunpBlluledRla{r1rsrtpnlrapaoepeJJuspJeucl1laznJrnertnaulrni'JprJonfuar1:l;reondri\uds1-Jrn-ucperrp:ranprtdu1rJJlrupeeInnnlaerpr-,rupplo1rrpoupJslolpnJspulIiurr-lp'JI1lrl,tDoenlSpau+n1iuoJpSdteN$prrerpqrl1ono-'suJle,orrp6,rir'oreic]as1l1t{dJlnn.rr+1rl5rnrueoqpqolcprrrur!drla€l]elor6fsIrnprln1ueeleenrrprc^rse.a1Jrr36aqullenaarlen:puII1Elu}Jinlarlncnu1;nrpornalJlqnrJJncl,;rdr,unOpJpprlduaarsrsrdpIIeIJerouJoIIeauo€1AJniTrarnlplrJIpJnJrr'nlasraeeunc1srl+lsioreiJspr}plerruuulrprlnuo-ernlI1naeLu+rrnr-lqzaJJJr-sr'r,Bzp1naasrusfopupoJ3curJpJrr1*rreJJllrJpi,1ns3lfpJernfprpzra,spclr;1l;r'rrgaesSrrorp1rasr_uu.porf1lneaanuderria-uairraeelctesnl{Tr1Inl3sirdo.lt,eururarprorrplroa.upalgocru-tpB;cerJllp.-agrRirlr'1poojogonaJrrrIserecrJrddlsrlsp1qeJeslpJE*loa6do",prliaJJ1,aa_,rdrlp1elode1l'iaeanJr}"eierss+s1rn.rorsJl1riruernopJl_1ierIos}j+S'n-,'.-prIp,l'u{sr_cnrpaulJn1lar-etrrocrln1;c,aieLeariili_[,lngucoiliireL.lrrpopl[(sLsuiii'li[
-pulJoafJ, rrprlRousr,rrlJapp; elred o rJru rnqrrlp aleod as rrnnl ualgopr prSodeeuropleup^r1p1i3ur"rls
13-pr
urplelsuoJ auorlbrlse3
'pilrplpA eleod rprrr r-nL{ urn.;e gl tn6rs
aPap-Bu-a-'adulpJlpusrpralPplr6rfnrapgiIpJrlrnJuoarlr'sBraPI{oedrorstleitpgrJleolc^rlld]Seoel{rlIaenenI61oioupd3pJld[nrJfIrcuulSane'prlr€rsrnsuJlie-1rena1srlopldd:pir^uofrJnnla)naooJl-olupr{lrIaruun3eratrplallla-oupposrrlpf,ro{sel,tpndre]rnreop1eeA-nrna1iclrpso1lcrBEnarut{alrropfo1ognuJrpnlrrdfsalneesonopuprut}in}rrlsIfapiouupnpuBlploJnecssIpeqluuponplsIlJlJrpsnIrra{.rr€oIpI'eniJ.piBa^grJltfuoJB}lrurnrJarrreuSorJnuurdporpSulrn0pedJrpBrlpfalreeaeapuraurqn_prlJ,passuusuperarppaJrrlrrarAeu]lrpAeJ{nlle,pJnrl1cernpsuldglr:uolonrsr-pe.rpur1aaiglgJafnnplelprar1ceripjrlll,taraoeaeuaJasrfsJrcu-crapeapl[aai,slodagsriellurupIoraex.pcpnqprrrcea1din]aztl.--r1:rga.n,i:rrrnrtrlarJs1:ssJ1r)r
e-JpItaIJ-leaalI--lBo$lEunrOruauuparsrouIo3lJ1IrlelIIIraulunna61pn3prpaauualrnUudddsflpsooapusIn0,Junu1lrplrnnaguerIlqrgul1alene1rupIerErna6naaalppri1separge1ruppurnujgurialodI3srrareJ6.nJ'pdnfp1npl'sasasu,rlcsrflnpnlJet1lpr,1usoBueiudrp1rlplrInriIIInnranaBJruaJoral1ruraosuslerAsieunprppdsaloac1usnoorllatIrrJupulllOr.apieplraurpql]Jolblrallus]llaar3prfare1Prpsa,pr3lalllnre1sSpaJruirnIJ;nnealtloIlu-reai6pnsarrrrrJi11l3orolinriaulpnJn3sla}qeurll[r1l0eaesaulp1oez1ru'r3'urplrarrrp+pf1edeBl-1up'nardrt:lnrcor-rr.pp1]roarIlproarcus3lIJrJooidrnrpJdAolalrslnyulpr1euorr1lirpnrurll[ldledJsosr,lllzraaI'lnuonrIurauuaa'iralqiraea'oeplnraao,rtruglz]llgurr3rcppsuJrar'1lrerrlrrlllrJlru6rarRu]spaaelaopJullu1ieoe0fllrSlu,slror1JorclcrrirruaesdcpeneluiJneerjlpBlarir1ruen13ngnnre.peupoeaprrJll1bp,enpu'suJatro1ruE'sorgpaan11s1nlperFaaJlal1a'feiaerJaldzeurzr6rpl-pn1aplrerrrrrlapBlpusrueArclurr,rrauaaJ1oel{1Jlrrndreur1u{rncfde,raaaJ,pgcruutJrpl,ploiullaprrnlrnposse1purJunnsuecpRJ1ddapuodrirarpclnJ-unpraJnirllldpclrusirlldorsrrnriipepcnaer{alIupleofr:sSlliInlp,le;u1tn;ru.rsii.nrri^lrr4'Jfanu1u-oop1lloauipr"L3prdu:.iir+.o]E!r{l;l+ai?rt1eapipj.e.}n{iSlpcsa!,esiJps1rl]isil
In pufinul timp cit mai trdi in Spania, Castiglione avu prilejul
sd serveascd din nou Biserica in afacerea secretarului Valdes. Luarea
qi jaful Romei deqteptase durerea qi indignarea intregii lumi catolice;
nimeni nu pduirteuctcraeidneoeroxapdlieclaortiivleedinecauirncaitme padleratccuarufizi aimcpaetarsiatrloef'e9i.i
bunul sirn!
Unul din secreLarii lui Carol Quintul, Alfonso Valdes, ca sd-qi justifice
sctu5tp;infdurl dscsrdisefieinim15p2r8imuantiid, isaclorigeraesaucpirracuelvaeninimteonattedloSr pdainniaa.nEurlatruen-
atac acerb al Bisericii romane, al papei 9i al inaltului cler. Intentiile
reiegeau clar din ,,argumentul" ce pusese in fruntea dia-
lui Valdes
logului.
,,Un tindr cavaler de la curtea lmpXratului numit Lattanzio se intilnise din
intimplare in piafa din Valladolid cu un arhidiacon care venea de la Roma imbrd-
cat ca soldat; intrind in biserica San Francisco incep sd vorbeascd despre intim-
pldrile de la Roma. In partea intiia, Larttanzio aratd arhidiaconului cd impdratul
11u dr€ nici o vind in aceasta; in a doua cum totul a fost ingiduit de Dumnezeu
spre binele comun al intregii creqtindtali, cdci jaful a fost dreapta pedeapsd a
stricdciunii gi ldcomiei lumeqti a papei, cardinalilor qi tuturor preofilor."
sindjunrcuiail-esl tpicguelbiolaincdeeu,c:evadSlztfifinendltuvdluaiai flSoi cgoaubul,nliginqatiteersvr6ee-znliiidleepnedueinincfegardiemVepadpirdlaientsudlucseicrpriineednretura-u'i
Vataes cale se simfea suslinut de curte $i pe ascuns de impdrat rds-
punse cu destul aroganfd: ca s5 facd pldcere contelui ar putea atenua
intrucitva ceea ce spune d.espre papd, desi avind sd justifice pe imp5-
se aduc imputdri de
rat nu poate sb nu acuze pe papd; dar dacd i
erezie nu suportb asemenea invinuire gi menfine tot ce a scris. Casti-
glione ii adresd atunci o lung[ epistold, destu] de vehement5, in care,
m[eisiitn. glnd serioase cunogtinle teologice, descoperim 9i un talent de pole-
Valdes aduce Bisericii, papei Si inaltului
toate acuzdrile ce Luther gi
cler, Castiglione recunoagte deplorabila erezie a lui o spune
pe fafi secretarului care indrdznegte sX scrie asemenea impietdli 9i sd
se declare dugmanul riturilor gi ceremoniilor cregtine in insdgi casa
impdratului, ,,reproducind nu numai doctrina nefastd dar chiar 9i vor-
bgig celui mai mare dugman gi celui mai perfid eretic ce s-a ridicat
vreodatd impoiriva Bisericii lui Cristos." Cit despre justificdrile ce
acluce impiratului nu sunt scuze ci acuz5ri. ,,Vrei sd-i scuzi mdrturisind
cd a fdcut lucrul de care e acuzat pe bund dreptate. lmpdratul preferd
sd rdmind fdrd scuzd decit sd fie scuzat cu minciuni." Cdci Castiglione
persistd a crede cd imp5ratul ,,nu numai nu a poruncit, consimfit sau
aprobat rdul ce s-a fdcut la Roma, dar a simtit cea mai mare nepld-
cerg''. Valdes acuzd deci de falsitate $i perfidie pe cel mai bun prin-
cipe. ,,Nu te mira deci cd n-am putut sd-fi scriu fdr6 durere 9i indig-
nare, c5ci mi se pare lucru prea de nesuferi.t ca un biet vierme sd
aibd atita venin incit sd se incumete a zXddrnici munca celor ce se
strdduiesc a aduce pacea in creqtindtate". Injuria ce a adus lui Cristos
qi religiei catolice nu-i poate fi iertatfi. ,,Se vor ridica pind 9i pietrele
ca sd te lapideze li s& te goneascd din spania." $i contele incheie
cu aceste rrorbe : ,,Du-te acum cu otrava asta in Germania unde Dia-
604
The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Antoniade, COnstantin - Opere
https://neculaifantanaru.com/en/qualities-of-a-leader.html
https://neculaifantanaru.com/calitatile-unui-lider.html
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Antoniade, COnstantin - Opere
- 1 - 50
- 51 - 100
- 101 - 150
- 151 - 200
- 201 - 250
- 251 - 300
- 301 - 350
- 351 - 400
- 401 - 450
- 451 - 500
- 501 - 550
- 551 - 600
- 601 - 650
- 651 - 700
- 701 - 750
- 751 - 791
Pages: