SEMELE
Scirpus tabernaemontani S. scordiifolia. Mat-forming, S. ‘Matrona’. See Hylotelephium S. telephium. See Hylotelephium
‘Zebrinus’. See Schoenoplectus rhizomatous perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) telephium. Atropurpureum Group see
lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani or more. Bears narrowly ovate, wrinkled ‘Matrona’. H.t. Atropurpureum Group. ‘Gooseberry
‘Zebrinus’. leaves. In summer–fall, bears racemes S. morganianum (Burro’s tail, Fool’ see H.t. subsp. maximum
of tubular, hooded, purple flowers, each Donkey-tail). Evergreen, prostrate, succulent ‘Gooseberry Fool’. ‘Purple Emperor’
SCLEROCACTUS with a white-streaked lip. Propagate by perennial. H 1ft (30cm) or more, S indefinite. see H.t. Atropurpureum Group ‘Purple
division in spring. Z4–8 Has oblong to lance-shaped, almost Emperor’. ‘Strawberries and Cream’
syn. ANCISTROCACTUS cylindrical, fleshy, waxy, white leaves. see H.t. ‘Strawberries and Cream’.
SEDUM Bears terminal clusters of star-shaped, S. tetractinum ‘Coral Reef’. Evergreen,
CACTACEAE rose-pink flowers in summer. Z10–11 mat-forming perennial. H 3in (8cm),
syn. PHEDIMUS, PETROSEDUM S. obtusatum illus. p.374. S 1ft (30cm) or more. Produces stems with
Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their Stonecrop S. palmeri. Evergreen, clump-forming round, thin, reddish-green leaves, that
depressed-spherical to club-shaped or perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears turn deeper red in full sun, and bears
columnar stems, each with a long, fleshy CRASSULACEAE sprays of star-shaped, yellow or orange sporadic yellow flowers in summer. Z5–8
tap root, and deeply notched or warty flowers in early summer above oblong-
ribs. Frost tender. Needs full sun with Genus of often fleshy or succulent annuals, ovate to spoon-shaped, fleshy, SELAGINELLA S
some midday shade and very well-drained evergreen biennials, mostly evergreen or gray-green leaves. Z7–10
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. semievergreen perennials, and evergreen S. polytrichoides ‘Chocolate Ball’. SELAGINELLACEAE
S. scheeri, syn. Ancistrocactus shrubs and subshrubs, suitable for rock Evergreen, tufted perennial. H 5in (13cm),
megarhizus, A. scheeri, Echinocactus gardens and borders. Many species are S 1ft (30cm). Stems are densely covered in Genus of evergreen, mosslike perennials,
scheeri, illus. p.495. also used in green roof planting. Fully narrow leaves that become reddish-brown grown for their foliage. Frost tender.
S. uncinatus, syn. Ancistrocactus hardy to frost tender. Needs sun. Does best in strong light, and dark green in shade. Prefers partial shade and needs moist but
uncinatus, Echinocactus uncinatus, in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate Small yellow flowers may be produced in well-drained, peaty soil. Remove faded
Glandulicactus uncinatus, Hamatocactus perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs by summer. Best overwintered as rooted foliage regularly. Propagate from pieces
uncinatus. Globose to columnar, perennial division, or by softwood cuttings of non- cuttings in an alpine house. Z8–10 that have been broken off plant, with roots
cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Stem is flowering shoots from spring to S. populifolium. See Hylotelephium attached, in any season.
blue-green. Areoles each produce 1–4 very midsummer, or by seed in fall or spring. populifolium. S. kraussiana illus. p.478. ‘Aurea’
long, hooked, reddish spines and 15–18 Propagate annuals and biennials by seed, S. ‘Red Cauli’. See Hylotelephium is an evergreen, mosslike perennial. H 1⁄2in
straight ones. In spring, has cup-shaped, sown under glass in early spring or ‘Red Cauli’. (1cm), S indefinite. Spreading, filigreed,
brown-green or reddish flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) outdoors in mid-spring. tAll parts may S. reflexum. See S. rupestre. bright yellowish-green fronds are much-
across. Z10–12 (min. 45–50°F/7–10°C) cause mild stomach upset if ingested; S. rosea. See Rhodiola rosea. var. branched, denser toward the growing tips,
contact with the sap may irritate skin. heterodontum see Rhodiola heterodonta. and easily root on soil surface. ‘Brownii’,
SCOLIOPUS S. acre (Biting stonecrop, Common S. x rubrotinctum. Evergreen subshrub. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm), forms small
stonecrop) illus. p.371. ‘Aureum’ H 91∕2in (24cm), S 8in (20cm). Bean-shaped cushions. Z10–11 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C)
LILIACEAE illus. p.371. succulent red leaves are spirally arranged S. lepidophylla (Resurrection plant,
S. aizoon, syn. Phedimus aizoon. on upright stems. Small clusters of yellow Rose of Jericho). Evergreen, mosslike
Genus of spring-flowering herbaceous Evergreen, erect perennial. H and S 11⁄2ft star-shaped flowers are borne in early perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bluntly
perennials. Usually grown in alpine (45cm). Mid-green leaves are oblong to summer. Z9–11 rounded, emerald-green fronds, aging
houses, where the neat habit and curious lance-shaped, fleshy, and toothed. In S. ‘Ruby Glow’. See Hylotelephium red-brown or gray-green, are produced
flowers, which arise directly from the summer, bears flat heads of star-shaped ‘Ruby Glow’. in dense tufts. On drying, fronds curl
rootstock early in the season, may be bright yellow flowers. Z5–8. ‘Aurantiacum’ S. rupestre, syn. S. reflexum, Petrosedum inward into a tight ball; they unfold
better appreciated. Also suits rock gardens has rounded heads of dark yellow flowers, repestre (Reflexed stonecrop), illus. p.345. when placed in water. Z10–11
and peat beds. Frost hardy. Needs sun or followed by red seed capsules. S. sedoides var. album, syn. Rosularia (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C)
partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. S. anacampseros. See Hylotelephium sedoides var. alba. Mat-forming, succulent S. martensii illus. p.478.
Propagate by seed when fresh, in summer anacampseros. perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
or fall. S. ‘Autumn Joy’. See Hylotelephium numerous red stolons and small rosettes of SELENICEREUS
S. bigelowii, syn. S. bigelovii, illus. p.349. ‘Herbstfreude’. hairy, spathulate, light green, fleshy leaves.
S. ‘Bertram Anderson’. See In summer, bears short-stemmed clusters CACTACEAE
Scolopendrium vulgare. See Hylotelephium ‘Bertram Anderson’. of white, star-shaped flowers. Needs moist
Asplenium scolopendrium. S. caeruleum illus. p.315. but well-drained soil. Z6–9 Genus of summer-flowering, mostly
S. cauticola. See Hylotelephium cauticola. S. sempervivoides. See Prometheum scandent or semipendent, perennial cacti
SCOPOLIA S. erythrostictum. See Hylotelephium sempervivoides. with climbing, 4–10-ribbed, green stems,
erythrostictum. ‘Frosty Morn’ see H.e. S. sieboldii ‘Foliis Medio-variegatis’. to 3∕4in (2cm) across. Nocturnal, funnel-
SOLANACEAE ‘Frosty Morn’. ‘Mediovariegatum’ see See Hylotelephium sieboldii ‘Misebaya- shaped flowers eventually open flat. Frost
H.e. ‘Mediovariegatum’. nakafu’. ‘Mediovariegatum’ see H.s. tender. Needs sun or partial shade and
Genus of spring-flowering perennials. S. ewersii. See Hylotelephium ewersii. ‘Misebaya-nakafu’. rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
Fully hardy. Prefers shade and fertile, very S. ‘Herbstfreude’. See Hylotelephium S. spathulifolium illus. p.374. or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
well-drained soil. Propagate by division in ‘Herbstfreude’. ‘Cape Blanco’ (syn. S.s. ‘Cappa Blanca’) S. grandiflorus (Queen-of-the-night)
spring or by seed in fall. tAll parts are S. heterodontum. See Rhodiola illus. p.375. illus. p.479.
highly toxic if ingested. heterodonta. S. spectabile. See Hylotelephium
S. carniolica illus. p.260. S. kamtschaticum, syn. Phedimus spectabile. ‘Brilliant’. See H.s. Brilliant SELINUM
kamtschaticus. Semievergreen, prostrate Group ‘Brilliant’. ‘Iceberg’. See H.s.
SCUTELLARIA perennial with overwintering foliage ‘Iceberg’. ‘Stardust’. See H.s. ‘Stardust’. APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE
rosettes. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm). S. spurium, syn. Phedimus spurius. Semi-
Skullcap Has narrowly ovate, toothed, fleshy, mid- evergreen, mat-forming, creeping perennial. Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
green leaves. Spreading, terminal clusters H 4in (10cm) or more, S indefinite. Has ideal for informal gardens and backs of
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE of star-shaped, orange-flushed, yellow hairy stems and oblong to ovate, toothed borders. Fully hardy. Prefers sun, but
Genus of annuals, rhizomatous and flowers are borne in summer–fall. H6. leaves. In summer, bears large, slightly will grow in partial shade, and any well-
clump-forming perennials, and rarely ‘Variegatum’ illus. p.377. rounded heads of small, star-shaped drained soil. Once established, roots
subshrubs, grown for their summer ‘Weihenstephaner Gold’ bears golden flowers. Flower color varies from deep resent disturbance. Propagate by seed
flowers. Fully hardy to frost hardy. Needs yellow flowers on red stems. purple to white. H6. ‘Atropurpureus’ is when fresh, in summer or fall.
sun and well-drained soil. Smaller species S. lydium illus. p.374. one of several similar clones with dark red S. tenuifolium. See S. wallichianum.
are good for a rock garden; taller species S. makinoi. Mat-forming, evergreen leaves. ‘Tricolor’ is variegated, with a S. wallichianum illus p.230.
for the front of a border. Propagate by perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Has cream margin to the green centered
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed rounded green leaves and produces small, leaves, and red stems. SEMELE 701
in fall. star-shaped, bright yellow flowers in S ‘Stewed Rhubarb Mountain’.
S. indica. Upright, rhizomatous perennial. summer. Tolerates some shade, but will See Hylotelephium ‘Stewed ASPARAGACEAE
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 4in (10cm) or more. not survive prolonged frost. Z10–11. The Rhubarb Mountain’.
Leaves are ovate, toothed, and hairy. Bears golden-leaved ‘Ogon’ can be grown as S. tatarinowii. See Hylotelephium Genus of one species of evergreen,
dense racemes of long-tubed, 2-lipped, a house plant. tatarinowii. twining, woody climber. Male and female
slate-blue, occasionally white flowers in flowers are produced on the same plant.
summer. Suits a rock garden. Z5–9 Half hardy. Needs partial shade and
S. orientalis illus. p.372.
SEMELE
prefers rich, well-drained soil. Propagate leaves turn to orange-red in summer, then S. elegans. Moderately fast-growing, S. didymobotrya, syn. Cassia
by division or seed in spring. to purplish-red. Z5–9 upright annual. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 6in didymobotrya (Golden wonder), illus. p.459.
S. androgyna (Climbing butcher’s S. giuseppii (illus. p.377). Vigorous, (15cm). Has ovate, deeply lobed, deep S. x floribunda, syn. Cassia corymbosa
broom). Evergreen climber, twining in evergreen, prostrate perennial. H in flower green leaves. Daisylike, purple flower var. plurijuga, C. x floribunda. Vigorous,
upper part, branched and bearing ovate 3–4in (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm). Leaves are heads are borne in summer. Z9–11 evergreen or deciduous, rounded shrub
cladodes, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. H 22ft (7m). hairy, especially in spring, and have dark S. grandifolius, syn. Telanthophora with robust stems. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m).
In early summer, bears star-shaped, cream spots at tips. Produces terminal clusters grandifolia. Evergreen, erect, robust- Bright green leaves consist of 4–6 ovate
flowers in notches on cladode margins, of star-shaped, deep pink or red flowers stemmed shrub. H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft leaflets. Bears very large clusters of bowl-
followed by orange-red berries. Z10–11 in summer. Z4–10 (2–3m). Ovate, toothed, boldly veined shaped, rich yellow flowers in late summer.
S. globiferum subsp. globiferum. See leaves, 8–18in (20–45cm) long, are glossy, Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
SEMIAQUILEGIA Jovibarba sobolifera. subsp. hirtum see rich green above, red-brown-hairy beneath. S. siamea, syn. Cassia siamea. Fast-
Jovibarba hirta. In winter–spring, bears terminal clusters, growing, evergreen, rounded tree.
RANUNCULACEAE S. grandiflorum. Evergreen, basal- 1ft (30cm) across, of small, daisylike, yellow H and S 25–30ft (8–10m) or more. Leaves,
rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S to 8in flower heads. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C). 6–12in (15–30cm) long, have 7–12 pairs of
Genus of perennials, grown for their (20cm). Variable, densely haired, red- S. grayi of gardens. See Brachyglottis elliptic leaflets. Large terminal panicles
flowers. These differ from those of tinted, dark green rosettes exude a goatlike Dunedin Group. of small, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers
Aquilegia, with which it is sometimes smell when crushed. Produces loose, S. x hybridus. See Pericallis x hybrida. are borne in spring, followed by flat, dark
included, by having no spurs. Excellent terminal clusters of yellow-green flowers, S. laxifolius. See Brachyglottis laxifolia. brown pods, to 9in (23cm) long. Z12
for rock gardens. Fully hardy. Requires a stained purple in centers, on long flower S. laxifolius of gardens. See Brachyglottis (min. 16–18°C/61–64°F)
sunny position and moist but well-drained stems in summer. Prefers humus-rich, Dunedin Group.
soil. Propagate by seed in fall. acidic soil. Z4–10 S. macroglossus (Natal ivy, Wax vine). SEQUOIA
S. ecalcarata illus. p.341. S. ‘Gulle Dame’ (illus. p.377). Evergreen, Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. climber. H 10ft (3m). Leaves are sharply CUPRESSACEAE
SEMIARUNDINARIA H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has triangular, fleshy-textured and glossy.
dark red leaves with long, white hairs, in Loose clusters of daisylike flower heads, See also CONIFERS.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE spring and summer, gradually changing each with a few white ray petals and S. sempervirens (Redwood) illus. p.97.
to green in winter. Z5–9 a central, yellow disc, are borne mainly
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, S. ‘Kappa’ (illus. p.377). Evergreen, in winter. Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C). SEQUOIADENDRON
and SEDGES. mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. ‘Variegatus’ illus. p.464.
S. fastuosa, syn. Arundinaria fastuosa H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Deep S. maritimus. See Jacobea maritima. CUPRESSACEAE
(Narihira bamboo), illus. p.287. purple-red leaves are covered in cobwebs S. mikanioides. See Delairea odorata.
of white hairs. Z5–9 S. monroi. See Brachyglottis monroi. See also CONIFERS.
S SEMPERVIVUM S. montanum (illus. p.377). Evergreen, S. przewalskii. See Ligularia przewalskii. S. giganteum (Giant redwood,
mat-forming perennial. H 3–6in (10–15cm), S. pulcher illus. p.278. Wellingtonia) illus. p.98. ‘Pendulum’ is a
702 Houseleek S 4in (10cm). Has dark green rosettes S. reinoldii. See Brachyglottis weeping conifer. H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m) or
of fleshy, hairy leaves. Star-shaped, rotundifolia. more. Bark is thick, soft, fibrous and red-
CRASSULACEAE wine-red flowers are borne in terminal S. rotundifolius. See Brachyglottis brown. Has spiraled, needlelike, incurved,
clusters in summer. A variable plant that rotundifolia. gray-green leaves that darken and become
Genus of evergreen succulent perennials hybridizes freely. Z4–10 S. rowleyanus. See Curio rowleyana. glossy. Z6–8
that spread by short stolons. Grown for S. ‘Rosie’ (illus. p.377). Evergreen, S. smithii. Bushy perennial. H 3–4ft
their symmetrical rosettes of ovate to mat-forming, open-rosetted perennial. (1–1.2m), S 21⁄2–3ft (75cm–1m). Woolly SERAPIAS
strap-shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). stems are clothed with long, ovate,
Forms ground-hugging mats, suitable for Green-flushed, purple-red leaves have toothed, leathery, dark green leaves. ORCHIDACEAE
rock gardens, screes, walls, banks, and short, marginal hairs. Z5–9 Daisylike, white flower heads with yellow
alpine houses. Flowers are star-shaped S. tectorum (Common houseleek; illus. centers are borne in terminal clusters, up See also ORCHIDS.
with 8–16 spreading petals. Fully hardy. p.377). Vigorous, evergreen perennial. to 6in (15cm) across, in early summer. S. cordigera. Deciduous, terrestrial
Requires sun and gritty soil. Takes several H 4–6in (10–15cm), S to 8in (20cm). Has Likes a boggy conditions. Z8–10 orchid. H 16in (40cm). Produces lance-
years to reach flowering size. Rosettes die thick, bristle-tipped, blue-green leaves, S. ‘Spring Glory’. See Pericallis x hybrida shaped leaves; leaf bases and stem bracts
after flowering but leave numerous offsets. often suffused red-purple. In summer, bears ‘Spring Glory’. are usually spotted or veined purple. In
Propagate by offsets in summer. clusters of star-shaped, reddish-purple S. ‘Sunshine’. See Brachyglottis Dunedin spring, spikes, 10–18in (25–45cm) high,
S. arachnoideum (Cobweb houseleek; flowers on stems 1ft (30cm) tall. Z4–10 Group ‘Sunshine’. bear 4–10 flowers, each with a deep purple
illus. p.377). Evergreen, mat-forming S. tamoides. Evergreen, woody- to maroon hood, and a heart-shaped, dark
perennial. H 2–5in (5–12cm), S 4in (10cm) SENECIO stemmed, twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or purple, hairy lip with 2 purple-black ridges
or more. Rosettes of ovate, fleshy leaves, more. Has ivy-shaped, light green leaves. at its base. Grow in partial shade. Z6–9
with red tips, are covered in a web of ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE In fall–winter, produces daisylike, yellow
white hairs. Bears loose clusters of star- flower heads with only a few ray petals. SERENOA
shaped, rose-red flowers in summer. Z4–10 Genus of annuals, biennials, succulent and Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C).
S. ‘Blood Tip’ (illus. p.377). Evergreen, non-succulent perennials, and evergreen ARECACEAE/PALMAE
basal-rosetted, mat-forming succulent. shrubs, subshrubs, small trees, and twining SENNA
H to 4in (10cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Has thick, climbers, grown for their foliage and usually Genus of one species of evergreen fan
green leaves strongly suffused purple-red daisylike flower heads. Some shrubby CAESALPINIACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE palm, grown for its foliage. Frost tender.
with deeper red, bristlelike tips. Z5–9 species are now included in Brachyglottis. Requires full light or partial shade and
S. calcareum (illus. p.377). Variable, Shrubs are good for coastal gardens. Fully Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs, and well-drained soil. Water potted plants
evergreen, mat-forming, basal-rosetted hardy to frost tender. Most prefer full sun perennials, grown for their pealike flowers. moderately in growing season, less at other
perennial. H 2–3in (5–7cm), S 8–10in (20– and well-drained soil. Propagate shrubs Fully hardy to frost tender. Needs full sun times. Propagate by seed or suckers in
25cm). Has bluish-green leaves with and climbers by semiripe cuttings in and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate spring. Red spider mite may be a problem.
dark reddish-brown tips. In summer, erect summer, annuals by seed in spring, by seed sown in spring, or by semiripe S. repens (Saw palmetto, Scrub palmetto).
stems bear terminal clusters of star-shaped, perennials by division in spring. tAll parts cuttings in summer. Divide perennials Evergreen, rhizomatous fan palm, usually
red-based, creamy-white flowers. Excellent may cause severe discomfort if ingested. in spring. stemless. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 6ft (2m) or
for a trough or on a dry wall. Z5–9. S. articulatus. See Curio articulata. S. artemisioides, syn. Cassia more. Palmate leaves, 18–30in (45–75cm)
‘Extra’ (illus. p.377) has intense, dark leaf S. cineraria. See Jacobea maritima. artemisioides (Silver cassia, Wormwood wide, are gray to blue-green, and divided
tips. S. clivorum ‘Desdemona’. See Ligularia cassia). Evergreen, erect to spreading, into 6–20 strap-shaped lobes. Clusters of
S. ciliosum illus. p.375. dentata ‘Desdemona’. wiry shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Leaves tiny, fragrant, cream flowers are hidden
S. ‘Commander Hay’. Evergreen, S. compactus. See Brachyglottis compacta. each have 6–8 linear leaflets covered with among leaves in summer, and followed by
basal-rosetted perennial. H 6in (15cm), S. confusus. See Pseudogynoxys silky, white down. Bears axillary spikes of egg-shaped, purple-black fruits. Z9–11
S to 1ft (30cm). Mainly grown for its very chenopodioides. cup-shaped, yellow flowers from winter
large, dark red rosettes to 4in (10cm) S. cruentus. See Pericallis x hybrida. to early summer. Z10–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) SERISSA
across. Terminal clusters of dull greenish- S. Dunedin Hybrids. See Brachyglottis S. corymbosa, syn. Cassia corymbosa,
red flowers are produced in summer. Z4–10 Dunedin Group. illus. p.459. RUBIACEAE
S. ‘Gallivarda’ (illus. p.377). Evergreen,
mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Red their overall appearance. Frost tender.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile,
SINNINGIA
well-drained soil. Water potted specimens Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer basal leaves and deeply lobed stem leaves. deep, wandering roots. H and S 8in (20cm).
moderately, less when not in growth. May or by seed in fall. In summer, bears dense racemes of deep Has lance-shaped, gray-green leaves.
be trimmed after flowering. Propagate by S. argentea (Buffalo berry). Deciduous, rose-pink flowers, tinted salmon-pink. Bears pomponlike, double, white flowers
semiripe cuttings in summer. bushy, often treelike shrub. H and S 12ft May need staking. Z5–7 on branched stems in summer. Z3–8
S. foetida. See S. japonica. (4m). Bears tiny, inconspicuous, yellow S. vulgaris subsp. maritima ‘Flore
S. japonica, syn. S. foetida. Evergreen, flowers amid oblong, silvery leaves in SIDERITIS Pleno’. See S. uniflora ‘Robin
spreading to rounded, freely branching spring, followed by small, egg-shaped, Whitebreast’.
shrub. H to 2ft (60cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). bright red fruits. Z3–9 LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
Has tiny, ovate, lustrous, deep green SILPHIUM
leaves. Small, funnel-shaped, 4- or 5-lobed, SHIBATAEA Genus of annuals, perennials, and
white flowers are borne from spring to evergreen subshrubs and shrubs, grown ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
fall. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C) POACEAE/GRAMINEAE mainly for their foliage. Frost hardy to
frost tender. Needs full light and well- Genus of herbaceous perennials, grown
SERRATULA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, drained soil. Water containerized plants for their summer flowers. Fully hardy.
and SEDGES. moderately, less when temperatures are Does best in sun or partial shade and in
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE S. kumasasa illus. p.287. low. Remove spent flower spikes after moist but well-drained soil. Excellent for
flowering. Propagate by seed in spring naturalizing in a wild or woodland garden.
Genus of perennials, grown for their SHORTIA or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Propagate by division in spring or by seed
thistlelike flower heads. Fully hardy. S. candicans. Evergreen, erect, well- when fresh, in fall.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. DIAPENSIACEAE branched shrub. H to 21⁄2ft (75cm), S to 2ft S. laciniatum (Compass plant). Clump-
Propagate by seed or by division in spring. (60cm). Lance-shaped to narrowly ovate forming perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm).
S. seoanei. See S. tinctoria subsp. seoanei. Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering or triangular leaves bear dense, white Mid-green leaves, composed of opposite
S. tinctoria subsp. seoanei, syn. perennials with leaves that often turn red wool. Produces leafy, terminal spikes pairs of oblong to lance-shaped leaflets,
S. seoanei, S. shawii. Upright, compact in fall–winter. Fully hardy, but buds may be of tubular, pale yellow- and-light-brown face north and south wherever the plant
perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). frosted in areas without snow cover. Grow or orange-red flowers in summer. Z9–11 is grown, hence the common name. Bears
Stems bear feathery, finely cut leaves best in areas with cool, damp summers. clusters of slightly pendent, daisylike,
and, in fall, terminal panicles of small, Needs shade or partial shade and humus- SILENE yellow flower heads in late summer.
thistlelike, pinkish-purple flower heads. rich, leafy, moist but well-drained, acidic Z3–9
Useful in a rock garden. Z5–8 soil. Propagate by runners in summer or Campion, Catchfly
S. shawii. See S. tinctoria subsp. seoanei. by seed when available. SILYBUM S
S. galacifolia (Oconee bells) illus. p.349. CARYOPHYLLACEAE
SESLERIA S. soldanelloides illus. p.352. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
var. ilicifolia is an evergreen, mat- Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE forming perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), some of which are evergreen, grown for Genus of thistlelike annuals or biennials,
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has rounded, toothed their abundant, 5-petaled flowers. Fully to grown for their spectacular foliage. Fully
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, leaves. In late spring, each flower stem half hardy. Needs sun and fertile, well- hardy. Grow in sun and in any well-
and SEDGES. bears 4–6 small, pendent, bell-shaped drained soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings drained soil. Propagate by seed in late
S. albicans. See S. caerulea. flowers with fringed edges and rose-pink in spring or by seed in spring or early fall. spring or early summer. Prone to slug and
S. caerulea, syn. S. albicans (Blue moor centers shading to white. Flowers of var. S. acaulis (Moss campion) illus. p.352. snail damage.
grass). Vigorous, evergreen, densely tufted, magna are rose-pink throughout. Z4–8 S. alpestris, syn. Heliosperma alpestre, S. marianum illus. p.304.
mound-forming perennial grass. H to 1ft S. uniflora ‘Grandiflora’. Vigorous, illus. p.359.
(30cm), S 10in (25cm). Has pale blue-gray evergreen, mat-forming perennial with S. armeria ‘Electra’. Moderately fast- Sinarundinaria jaunsarensis.
leaves, glossy, dark green beneath. From a few rooted runners. H 3in (8cm), S 8in growing, erect annual. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in See Yushania anceps.
mid-spring to early summer, produces (20cm). Leaves are rounded, toothed, (15cm). Has ovate, grayish-green leaves.
bluish-purple, rarely greenish-white, leathery, and glossy. Flower stems bear Heads of 5-petaled, bright rose-pink Sinarundinaria murieliae.
spikelets in dense panicles, just above the cup-shaped, white-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) flowers are produced in summer and See Fargesia murieliae.
foliage. Z5–9 across, with serrated petals, in spring. Z4–8 early fall. Z5–8
S. heufleriana (Balkan blue grass). S. coeli-rosa, syn. Agrostemma coeli- Sinarundinaria nitida.
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. SIDALCEA rosa, Lychnis coeli-rosa, Viscaria elegans, See Fargesia nitida.
H 20in (50cm), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Has rich illus. p.303. ‘Blue Angel’ is an erect,
green leaves, glaucous beneath, and MALVACEAE slender, hairless annual. H to 20in (50cm), SINNINGIA 703
produces compact panicles of purple S to 6in (15cm). Has oblong to lance-
spikelets in spring. Z5–9 Genus of summer-flowering annuals and shaped, gray-green leaves. In summer, GESNERIACEAE
perennials, grown for their hollyhocklike bears clusters of lavender-blue flowers with
SETARIA flowers. Fully hardy. Requires sun and well- deeply notched petals and prominently Genus of usually summer-flowering,
drained soil. Propagate by division in spring. toothed calyces. Good for cut flowers. Z3–10 tuberous perennials and deciduous
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE S. ‘Elsie Heugh’. Upright perennial. S. elisabethae. Basal-rosetted perennial. or evergreen, low-growing shrubs with
H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has rounded H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes of showy flowers. Frost hardy to frost tender.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, basal leaves and lobed stem leaves. In strap-shaped, mid-green leaves. In summer, Grow in bright light, but not direct sun.
and SEDGES. early and midsummer, bears racemes stems bear large, often solitary, deep rose- Prefers a humid atmosphere and moist
S. macrostachya (Italian millet) illus. p.318. of funnel-shaped, mauve-pink flowers red flowers with green centers and long- but not waterlogged, peaty soil. When
S. palmifolia (Palm grass). Upright with fringed petals. Z5–7 clawed petals. Good for a rock garden. Z6–9 leaves die down after flowering, allow
to spreading, dense, clump-forming S. ‘Loveliness’. Upright perennial. H 3ft S. hookeri. Short-lived, trailing, prostrate, tubers to dry out; then store in a frost-free
perennial grass. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1m), S 11∕2ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike, late summer-deciduous perennial with a area. Propagate in spring by seed, or in
(1–2m). Has elliptic-lance-shaped, divided leaves with narrowly oblong long, slender tap root. H 2in (5cm), S 8in late spring or summer by stem cuttings
longitudinally pleated leaves, to 11⁄2ft (45cm) segments and racemes of shallowly cup- (20cm). Slender stems bear ovate, gray or by dividing tubers into sections, each
long. Bears arching, narrow stems with shaped, shell-pink flowers, in summer. leaves and, in late summer, soft pink, with a young shoot.
bottlebrushlike spikes of green to beige Z5–7 salmon or orange flowers, deeply cleft to S. ‘Etoile de Feu’. Short-stemmed,
flowers in late summer. Z10–11 S. ‘Oberon’ illus. p.233. base. Z5–8 rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 1ft (30cm),
S. ‘Puck’. Upright perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S. maritima ‘Flore Pleno’. See S 16in (40cm) or more. Has ovate, velvety
Setcreasea purpurea. See S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike, divided S. uniflora ‘Robin Whitebreast’. leaves, 8–91⁄2in (20–24cm) long. Upright,
Tradescantia pallida ‘Purpurea’. leaves with narrowly oblong segments. In S. pendula (Nodding catchfly). trumpet-shaped, carmine-red flowers are
summer, bears racemes of shallowly cup- Moderately fast-growing, bushy annual. borne in summer. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C)
SHEPHERDIA shaped, deep pink flowers. Z4–7 H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has ovate, hairy, S. ‘Mont Blanc’. Short-stemmed,
S. ‘Sussex Beauty’. Upright perennial. mid-green leaves and, in summer–early rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 1ft (30cm),
ELAEAGNACEAE H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike, fall, clusters of light pink flowers. Z4–8 S 16in (40cm) or more. Ovate, velvety,
divided leaves, with narrowly oblong S. schafta illus. p.346. mid-green leaves are 8–91⁄2in (20–24cm)
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs segments, and, in summer, shallowly cup- S. uniflora ‘Robin Whitebreast’, syn. long. In summer, bears upright, trumpet-
or small trees, grown for their foliage and shaped, deep rose-pink flowers. Z5–7 S. maritima ‘Flore Pleno’, S.u. ‘Flore Pleno’, shaped, pure white flowers. Z12
fruits. Separate male and female plants S. ‘William Smith’. Erect perennial. S. vulgaris subsp. maritima ‘Flore Pleno’ (min. 59°F/15°C)
are needed in order to obtain fruits. Fully H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has rounded (Double sea campion). Lax perennial with S. ‘Red Flicker’. Short-stemmed, tuberous
hardy. Requires sun and well-drained soil. perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
Has rosettes of ovate, velvety leaves, to 8in
SINNINGIA
(20cm) long. Fleshy, nodding, funnel- moist, acidic soil. Propagate by softwood S. palmifolium. Semievergreen, upright rich, well-drained soil and in bright light,
shaped, pinkish-red flowers, pouched on cuttings in summer. perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). out of direct sun. Reduce watering after
lower sides, are borne in summer. S. rehderiana. Deciduous, bushy shrub or Produces a fan of narrowly sword-shaped, flowering and water sparingly in winter.
Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Nodding, mid-green leaves. In summer, bears dense Propagate by division of rhizomes in early
S. speciosa, syn. Gloxinia speciosa saucer-shaped, white flowers, each with a spikes of widely funnel-shaped, golden- spring.
(Gloxinia). Short-stemmed, rosetted, central cluster of yellow anthers, are borne yellow flowers. Z4–11 S. cinnabarina (Temple bells). Robust,
tuberous perennial. H and S to 1ft (30cm). in late spring and early summer. Ovate S. striatum illus. p.274. ‘Aunt May’ erect, rhizomatous perennial. H and S to
Ovate, velvety, green leaves are 8in (20cm) leaves are dark green and glossy. Z7–10 (syn. S.s. ‘Variegatum’) is a semievergreen, 2ft (60cm). Broadly ovate to almost
long. Nodding, funnel-shaped, fleshy, upright perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm), rounded, toothed leaves, to 6in (15cm)
violet, red or white flowers, to 2in (5cm) SINOPODOPHYLLUM S 1ft (30cm). Has tufts of long, narrow, long, are dark green with dark red hairs.
long and pouched on lower sides, are cream-striped, grayish-green leaves. Bears Bell-shaped, brick-red flowers, lined with
produced in summer. A parent of many BERBERIDACEAE slender spikes of trumpet-shaped, purple- pale yellow, are produced in summer–fall.
named hybrids, of which a selection is striped, straw-yellow flowers in summer. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
included above and below. Z12 (min. Genus of a single spring-flowering ‘Variegatum’ see S.s. ‘Aunt May’. Z5–9 S. ‘Orange King’ illus. p.471.
59°F/15°C) rhizomatous perennial species, grown for S. zebrina. Bushy, rhizomatous perennial
S. ‘Switzerland’ illus. p.470. its flowers, often marbled foliage and large SKIMMIA with velvety-haired stems. H and S to 3ft
S. tubiflora, syn. Gloxinia tubiflora. red fruit. Fully hardy. Needs partial shade (1m). Ovate, toothed, hairy leaves, to 7in
Compact, clump-forming, tuberous and moist, humus-rich soil. Propagate RUTACEAE (18cm) long, are deep green, marked with
perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Has softly by division of the rhizome or seed sown reddish-brown. In summer, produces
white-hairy, dark green leaves, to 8in in fall. All parts toxic if eaten. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, tubular flowers, scarlet above, yellow below,
(20cm) long. Bears tall racemes of narrowly S. hexandrum, syn. Podophyllum grown for their spring flowers, aromatic spotted red inside, and with orange-yellow
tubular, softly hairy, scented, white flowers, hexandrum, P. emodii (Himalayan May foliage, and their fruits. Except with S. lobes. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
to 4in (10cm) long, in summer. Z9–11 apple), illus. p.255. japonica subsp. reevesiana, separate male
S. ‘Waterloo’. Short-stemmed, rosetted, and female plants are needed in order to SMYRNIUM
tuberous perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in SINOWILSONIA obtain fruits. Fully hardy. Requires shade
(40cm) or more. Has ovate, velvety leaves, or partial shade and fertile, moist soil. Poor APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE
8–91⁄2in (20–24cm) long. Upright, trumpet- HAMAMELIDACEAE soil or too much sun may cause chlorosis.
shaped, bright scarlet flowers are borne in Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late Genus of biennials or short-lived
summer. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) Genus of one species of deciduous tree, summer or by seed in fall. tThe fruits perennials, grown for their flowers. Fully
grown for its foliage and catkins. Fully may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. hardy. Grow in sun and in fertile, well-
Sinocalycanthus. See Calycanthus. hardy. Requires sun or partial shade and S. x foremanii of gardens. See drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. S. japonica ‘Veitchii’. outdoors in fall or spring.
SINOCRASSULA Propagate by seed in fall. S. japonica illus. p.164. ‘Fructo Albo’ S. perfoliatum illus. p.321.
S. henryi. Deciduous, spreading, (female) illus. p.163. ‘Nymans’ is a dense,
CRASSULACEAE sometimes shrubby tree. H and S 25ft (8m). spreading female shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft SOLANDRA
Has broadly ovate to elliptic, tapered, (2m). Has inversely lance-shaped, slightly
Genus of dwarf rosette-forming toothed, bright green leaves, and long, aromatic, dark green leaves. In mid- to late SOLANACEAE
succulents, grown for their marked leaves. pendent, green catkins in late spring. Z7–10 spring, bears dense clusters of fragrant
Frost tender. Grow in full sun or partial white flowers, sometimes tinged pink or Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
Siphonosmanthus delavayi. red, often opening from red buds, scrambling climbers, grown for their large,
S soil and well-drained soil. Propagate from See Osmanthus delavayi. followed by spherical red fruits. subsp. trumpet-shaped flowers. Frost tender.
single leaves left on the soil surface, which reevesiana ‘Robert Fortune’ (syn. Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
sprout roots readily when in growth. SISYRINCHIUM S. reevesiana; hermaphrodite) illus. p.164. soil. Water freely in full growth, sparingly
S. yunnanense. Evergreen perennial ‘Rubella’ (male) illus. p.164. ‘Veitchii’ in cold weather. Tie to supports. Thin out
succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). IRIDACEAE (syn. S. x foremanii of gardens), H and S 5ft crowded stems after flowering. Propagate
Forms dense rosettes, to 1½in (3.5cm) (1.5m), is a female clone, with broadly by semiripe cuttings in summer.
across, of 50 or more narrow, cylindrical, Genus of annuals and rhizomatous ovate, rich green leaves and dense clusters S. maxima, syn. S. grandiflora of gardens
pointed, dark reddish-purple leaves with perennials, some of which are of small, star-shaped, white flowers, (Copa de oro, Golden-chalice vine), illus.
sparse white hairs. Eventually produces semievergreen, grown for their foliage and followed by large, bright red fruits. Z6–8 p.464.
a 4in (10cm) high terminal, leafy stem flowers. Fully to half hardy. Prefers sun, but S. reevesiana. See S. japonica subsp.
with heads of small, straw-yellow flowers. tolerates partial shade, and well-drained or reevesiana ‘Robert Fortune’. SOLANUM
Individual rosettes die after flowering. moist soil. Propagate by division in early
Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) spring or by seed in spring or fall. Smilacena. See Maianthemum. SOLANACEAE
S. angustifolium. See S. graminoides.
SINOFRANCHETIA S. bellum of gardens. See S. idahoense. SMILAX Genus of annuals, biennials, herbaceous
S. bermudiana. See S. graminoides. perennials, and evergreen, semievergreen,
LARDIZABALACEAE S. brachypus. See S. californicum. SMILACACEAE/LILIACEAE or deciduous subshrubs, shrubs
S. californicum, syn. S. brachypus (occasionally scandent), and woody-
Genus of one species of deciduous, (Golden-eyed grass). Semi-evergreen, Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody- stemmed, scrambling or leaf-stalk climbers,
twining climber, grown for its handsome upright perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 1ft stemmed or herbaceous, scrambling grown for their flowers and ornamental
leaves. Suitable for covering buildings and (30cm). Has grasslike tufts of basal, light climbers with tubers or rhizomes. Male fruits. Fully hardy to frost tender. Requires
growing up large trees. Male and female green leaves. In spring–summer, produces and female flowers are borne on separate full sun and fertile,well-drained soil. Water
flowers are produced on separate plants. flattish, bright yellow flowers, with slightly plants. Frost hardy to frost tender. Grow regularly when in growth, but sparingly
Frost hardy. Grow in partial shade and in darker veins, on winged stems. Outer in any well-drained soil, in sun or partial in winter. Support scrambling climbers.
any well-drained soil. Propagate by leaves may die off and turn black in fall. shade. Propagate by division or seed in Thin out and spur back crowded growth
semiripe cuttings in summer. Dwarf forms are known as S. brachypus. spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. of climbers in spring. Propagate by seed in
S. chinensis. Deciduous, twining climber. Prefers moist soil. Z8–10 S. china. Deciduous, woody-based, spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
H to 50ft (15m). Mid- to dark green leaves S. douglasii. See Olsynium douglasii. scrambling climber with scandent, Red spider mite, whitefly, and aphids may
have 3 oblong to ovate leaflets, 2–6in S. ‘E.K. Balls’ illus. p.342. sometimes spiny stems. H to 15ft (5m). Has cause problems. tAll parts of most
(5–15cm) long. In late spring, bears small, S. graminoides, syn. S. angustifolium, broadly ovate to rounded leaves, and bears species, especially the fruits of S.
white flowers in pendent racemes, to 4in S. bermudiana. Semievergreen, erect umbels of yellow-green flowers in spring. capsicastrum and S. pseudocapsicum,
(10cm) long. Pale purple berries, containing perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S 3in (8cm). Has Tiny, red berries follow in fall. Z5–9 can cause severe discomfort if ingested.
many seeds, follow in summer. Z5–9 tufts of grasslike leaves. Small, irislike, pale S. betaceum, syn. Cyphomandra betacea,
to dark purplish-blue flowers, with yellow SMITHIANTHA C. crassicaulis (Tree tomato), illus. p.456.
704 SINOJACKIA bases, are borne in terminal clusters in late S. capsicastrum (Winter cherry). Fairly
spring–early summer. Z5–8 Temple bells slow-growing, evergreen, bushy subshrub,
STYRACACEAE S. grandiflorum. See Olsynium douglasii. grown as an annual. H and S 1–11⁄2ft (30–
S. idahoense, syn. S. bellum of gardens, GESNERIACEAE 45cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green
Genus of deciduous shrubs and small illus. p.369. leaves. In summer, produces small, star-
trees, grown for their flowers. Fully hardy. S. odoratissimum. See Olsynium Genus of bushy, erect perennials with shaped, white flowers, followed by egg-
Requires a sheltered position in sun or biflorum. tuberlike rhizomes, grown for their flowers shaped, pointed, orange-red or scarlet
partial shade and fertile, humus-rich, and foliage. Frost tender. Grow in humus-
SORBUS
fruits, at least 1⁄2in (1cm) in diameter, S. soleirolii, syn. Helxine soleirolii, SOLLYA S. arborea. See S. kirilowii.
which are at their best in winter. illus. p.283. S. kirilowii, syn. S. arborea, Spiraea
Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) Bluebell creeper arborea, illus. p.128.
S. crispum ‘Glasnevin’ illus. p.204. SOLENOSTEMON S. sorbifolia, syn. Spiraea sorbifolia,
S. jasminoides. See S. laxum. PITTOSPORACEAE illus. p.129. ‘Sem’ is a compact shrub.
S. laxum, syn. S. jasminoides (Potato syn. COLEUs H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has pinkish red young
vine). Semievergreen, woody-stemmed, Flame nettle, Painted nettle Genus of evergreen, woody-based, twining leaves, that change to yellow-green with
scrambling climber. H to 20ft (6m). Ovate climbers, grown for their attractive flowers. bronze tips, then dark green, and finally
to lance-shaped leaves may be lobed or LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE Frost hardy. Grow in sun and well-drained turn reddish in fall. Flowers are produced
have leaflets at base. Small, 5-petaled, pale soil. Propagate by seed in spring, or by from mid- to late summer. Z2–7
gray-blue flowers are borne in summer– Genus of evergreen, bushy, subshrubby softwood or greenwood cuttings in summer. S. tomentosa var. angustifolia,
fall, followed by tiny, black berries. Z7–10. perennials, grown for their colorful leaves S. heterophylla illus. p.194. syn. S. aitchisonii, Spiraea aitchisonii.
‘Album’ illus. p.195. and flowers. Excellent as potted plants. Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S
S. pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry). Frost tender. Grow in sun or partial shade SONERILA 10ft (3m). Shoots are red when young.
Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, bushy and in fertile, well-drained soil, in a Leaves have 11–23 narrowly lance-shaped,
shrub, usually grown as an annual. H and sheltered site. Water freely in summer, MELASTOMATACEAE taper-pointed, dark green leaflets. Upright
S to 4ft (1.2m). Has ovate or lance-shaped, much less at other times. Pinch out growing panicles of star-shaped, white flowers are
bright green leaves. Small, star-shaped, shoots of young plants to encourage a Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials produced from mid- to late summer. Z2–7
white flowers are borne in summer and bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown and shrubs, grown for their foliage and
are followed by spherical, scarlet fruits. under glass in spring or by softwood flowers. Frost tender. Prefers a humid SORBUS S
Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C). Has several cuttings in spring or summer. Mealy bugs atmosphere in partial shade and peaty
smaller selections: ‘Balloon’ illus. p.327; and whitefly may cause problems. soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in spring. ROSACEAE 705
‘Fancy’, H 1ft (30cm), with scarlet fruits; S. blumei var. verschaffeltii. See S. S. margaritacea. Evergreen, bushy,
‘Joker’ has yellow fruit turning orange scutellarioides. semi-prostrate perennial. H and S 8–10in Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
and red; ‘Red Giant’ has large orange- S. ‘Chocolate Mint’ illus. p.311. (20–25cm). Red stems have ovate, dark grown for their foliage, corymbs of small,
red fruit, to 1in (2.5cm) across; and S. scutellarioides, syn. Coleus green leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long, reddish 5-petaled flowers, attractive fruits and, in
‘Snowfire’, H 1ft (30cm), with white scutellarioides, Plectranthus scutellarioides, below, silver-patterned above. Bears some species, fall color. Leaves may be
fruits that later turn red. S. blumei var. verschaffeltii. Fast-growing, racemes of 3-petaled, rose-pink flowers in whole or divided into leaflets. Fully to frost
S. rantonnei. See Lycianthes rantonnetii. bushy perennial, grown as an annual. H to summer. Z12 (min. 19°C/66°F). ‘Argentea’ hardy. Needs sun or partial shade and
S. rantonnetii. See Lycianthes rantonnetii. 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Broadly has more silvery leaves with green veins; fertile, well-drained but moist soil. Species
S. seaforthianum (Italian jasmine) illus. to narrowly ovate, toothed leaves are a ‘Hendersonii’ is more compact with with leaves composed of leaflets do not
p.463. mixture of colors, including pink, red, white-spotted leaves. grow well in very dry soil. Propagate by
S. wendlandii illus. p.463. green, or yellow. Flower spikes should softwood cuttings or budding in summer,
be removed. Z10–12 (min. 39ºF/4ºC). SOPHORA by seed in fall, or by grafting in winter.
SOLDANELLA ‘Inky Fingers’ illus. p.310. Wizard Susceptible to fireblight. tRaw fruit may
Series, H to 8in (20cm), is compact and Kowhai cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
Snowbell bushy, with small, strongly colored leaves, S. alnifolia (orean mountain ash).
to 2in (5cm) long. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE Deciduous, conical, then spreading tree.
PRIMULACEAE S. thyrsoideus. See Plectranthus H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Ovate to lance-
thyrsoideus. Genus of herbaceous perennnials and shaped, toothed, dark green leaves turn
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, orange and red in fall. Bears small, white
for their early spring flowers. Suitable SOLIDAGO grown for their habit, foliage and pealike flowers in mid-spring, followed by
for rock gardens, troughs, and alpine flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Needs full spherical, deep pink to red berries. Z3–7
houses. Fully hardy, but flower buds Golden rod sun (S. microphylla and S. tetraptera are S. aria (Whitebeam). Deciduous,
are set in fall and may be destroyed by best grown against a warm, sunny wall) spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
frost in areas where there is no snow ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate Ovate, toothed leaves are silver-gray when
cover. Needs partial shade and humus- by seed in fall; semievergreens may be young, maturing to dark green above,
rich, well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate Genus of summer- and fall-flowering, raised from cuttings in summer. white-felted beneath. Bears small, white
by seed in spring or by division in late woody-based perennials, some species S. davidii, syn. S. viciifolia, illus. p.138. flowers in late spring, followed by ovoid
summer. Slugs may cause damage to of which are vigorous, coarse plants that S. japonica. See Styphnolobium to spherical, brown-speckled, deep red
flower buds. tend to crowd out others in borders. Best japonicum. berries. H6. ‘Chrysophylla’, H 30ft (10m),
S. alpina (Alpine snowbell) illus. p.354. in a wild garden, although S. virgaurea S. Sun King (‘Hilsop’). Semievergreen, S 22ft (7m), has golden-yellow young
S. minima (Least snowbell). Evergreen, subsp. minuta is suitable for a rock garden, bushy tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Dark green leaves. ‘Decaisneana’ see S.a. ‘Majestica’.
prostrate perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S 4in trough, or alpine house. Fully hardy. Most leaves are composed of numerous tiny, ‘Lutescens’ (illus. p.91) is compact, with
(10cm). Forms a mat of minute, rounded tolerate sun or shade and any well-drained oblong leaflets. Produces long-lasting, silvery-gray, later gray-green foliage and
leaves on soil surface. In early spring, soil. Propagate by division in spring. pealike, dark yellow flowers in late winter orange-red berries. ‘Majestica’ (syn. S.a.
produces solitary almost stemless, bell- Occasionally self-seeds. and early spring. Z7–11 ‘Decaisneana’) has larger leaves, white-
shaped, pale lavender-blue or white S. ‘Goldenmosa’ illus. p.251. S. tetraptera illus. p.84. haired when young.
flowers with fringed petals. Z4–7 S. ‘Golden Wings’. Upright perennial. S. viciifolia. See S. davidii. S. aucuparia (Mountain ash, Rowan;
H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has lance-shaped, illus. p.91). Deciduous, spreading tree.
S. montana (Mountain tassel). Evergreen, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. Produces x Sophrolaeliocattleya Hazel Boyd H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Pinnate leaves
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), large, feathery panicles of small, bright ‘Apricot Glow’. See x Cattlianthe have up to 17 oblong-lance-shaped, mid-
S 6in (15cm). In early spring, tall flower yellow flower heads in late summer and Hazel Boyd gx ‘Apricot Glow’. green leaflets that turn red or yellow in
stems bear long, pendent, bell-shaped, early fall. Z3–8 fall. Bears white flowers in spring, then
lavender-blue flowers with fringed mouths. S. ‘Laurin’. Compact perennial. H 2–21⁄2ft SORBARIA spherical, orange-red berries. Z3–7.
Leaves are rounded and leathery. Z4–7 (60–75cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has mid-green ‘Fastigiata’ (syn. S. scopulina of gardens),
S. villosa illus. p.354. leaves and bears spikes of deep yellow ROSACEAE H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m), is conical, with
flowers in late summer. Z3–8 upright branches, dark green leaves, and
SOLEIROLIA S. x luteus, syn. x Solidaster hybridus, Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering dark red berries. ‘Fructu Luteo’ see var.
x S. luteus, illus. p.275. shrubs, grown for their foliage and large xanthocarpa. ‘Sheerwater Seedling’,
Baby’s tears, Mind-your-own- S. virgaurea subsp. minuta, syn. panicles of small, white flowers. Suitable S 12ft (4m), has a narrow, upright habit.
business, Mother of thousands S.v. subsp. alpestris. Mound-forming for a large border, or a wild or woodland var. xanthocarpa (syn. S.a. ‘Fructu
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small, garden. Fully hardy. Prefers sun and deep, Luteo’), H and S 25ft (8m), is spreading,
URTICACEAE leathery, lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green fertile, moist soil. In winter, cut out some with orange-yellow berries.
Genus of one species of usually evergreen, leaves. From late summer to fall, bears older stems on mature plants and prune S. Autumn Spire (‘Flanrock’). Compact,
prostrate perennial that forms a dense neat spikes of small, yellow flower heads. back remaining shoots to growing points. columnar tree. H 12–15ft (4–5m), S 3–5ft
carpet of foliage. Frost hardy, although Needs shade and moist soil. Z3–8 Remove suckers at base to prevent plants (1–1.5m). Pinnate leaves with 15–21
leaves are killed by winter frost. Recovers spreading too widely. Propagate by narrowly oblong, dark green leaflets,
to grow vigorously again in spring. x Solidaster hybridus. See Solidago softwood cuttings in summer, division in turn orange and purplish-red in fall. Bears
Tolerates sun or shade, and prefers moist x hybridus. fall, or by root cuttings in late winter. white flowers in late spring, followed by
soil. Propagate by division from spring to S. aitchisonii. See S. tomentosa
midsummer. x Solidaster luteus. See Solidago var. angustifolia.
x luteus.
SORBUS
S profuse clusters of yellow-orange berries Broadly ovate, mid-green leaves, with S. thibetica. Deciduous, conical tree. yellow-tubed, deep purple flowers, each
with red eyes. Good for small gardens. Z4–8 gray undersides, are more deeply lobed H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Large, elliptic to 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) across. Z10–11
706 S. cashmiriana (illus. p.91). Deciduous, toward the base. White flowers in late rounded, sharply toothed, dark green S. grandiflora. See S. fragrans subsp.
spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft spring are followed by striking clusters leaves are densely white-hairy when young grandiflora.
(7m). Pinnate leaves have 17–21, lance- of speckled, bright red berries. Z4–8 and remain so on undersides. In late spring S. tricolor illus. p.418.
shaped, rich green leaflets. In late spring, S. intermedia (Swedish whitebeam; illus. and early summer, bears small, white S. variegata, syn. Synnotia variegata.
produces pale pink flowers, followed by p.91). Deciduous, broad-headed, dense flowers, followed by apple-shaped, speckled Spring-flowering corm. H 4–14in (10–
spherical, white berries. Z4–8 tree. H and S 40ft (12m). Has broadly ovate, green berries, ripening brownish. Z4–7. 35cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces erect
S. commixta, syn. S. discolor of gardens toothed, dark green leaves. Bears small, ‘John Mitchell’ (syn. S. ‘Mitchellii’; illus. leaves in a basal fan. Flowers are long-
(illus. p.91). Deciduous, compact, broadly white flowers in late spring, followed by p.91) has larger, broadly rounded leaves. tubed with upright, purple, upper petals
conical tree or shrub. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft ovoid-oblong, bright red berries. Z4–8 S. x thuringiaca. Deciduous, broadly and narrower, pale yellowish-purple,
(7m). Pinnate leaves have 13–17 elliptic to S. ‘Joseph Rock’. Deciduous, upright conical, compact tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft lower ones curving downward. Z10–11.
lance-shaped, dark green leaflets, turning tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Pinnate (8m). Ovate to elliptic, deeply lobed, glossy, var. metelerkampiae has a branched
orange-red or purple in fall. White flowers leaves comprise up to 21 narrowly oblong, dark green leaves turn warm yellow- stem, each branch producing a sparse
in spring are followed by spherical, sharply toothed, bright green leaflets, that brown in fall. Small, white flowers in late spike of violet flowers, marked orange
orange–red or red berries. Z4–8. turn orange, red, and purple in fall. White spring, are followed by rounded, bright on each of the lower 3 petals.
‘Embley’, H 40ft (12m), S 28ft (9m), has flowers in late spring are followed by large red berries. Z3–6. ‘Fastigiata’ is very
steeply ascending branches, bright red clusters of spherical, pale yellow, later compact, with upright branches and a SPARGANIUM
leaves in late fall, and fruits profusely. orange-yellow berries. Z4–8 broad, ovate, dense crown.
‘Olympic Flame’ see S. ulleungensis S. ‘Leonard Messel’. Deciduous, small, S. ulleungensis ‘Olympic Flame’, syn. Bur reed
‘Olympic Flame’. slow-growing, tree, with a dense, ovate S. commixta ‘Olympic Flame’,
S. ‘Copper Kettle’. Deciduous, small, crown. H 25–40ft (8–12m), S 20–26ft S. ‘Olympic Flame’. Deciduous, neat, SPARGANIACEAE/TYPHACEAE
broadly conical tree. H 20–25ft (6–8m), (6–8m). Stout, upright branches bear ovate-shaped tree. H 22–30ft (7–10m),
S 4–6m (12–20ft). Pinnate leaves have 13–19 pinnate leaves composed of 9–11 oblong, S 15–22ft (5–7m). Has stout branches and Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
elliptic to lance-shaped, dark green leaflets, blue-green leaflets, turning rich shades of elegant, pinnate, glossy dark green leaves, perennial, marginal water plants, grown
turning orange and red in fall. In late orange, red, and purple in fall. In late reliably turning brilliant orange and red in for their foliage. Fully hardy. Tolerates
spring, bears creamy-white flowers, then spring, bears white flowers followed by fall. In late spring, bears white flowers, then deep shade and cold water. Remove faded
long-lasting, coppery-yellow berries. Z6–9 pendent clusters of pink berries. Z6–9 spherical, orange-red or red fruits. Z6–9 foliage and cut plants back regularly to
S. cuspidata. See S. vestita. S. megalocarpa (illus. p.91). Deciduous, S. vestita, syn. S. cuspidata. Deciduous, control growth. Propagate by seed or
S. discolor of gardens. See S. commixta. spreading tree or shrub with stout broadly conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft division in spring.
S. ‘Eastern Promise’. Deciduous, small, branches. H to 22ft (7m), S 4m (13ft). Oval, (10m). Very large, elliptic, sharply toothed S. erectum, syn. S. ramosum (Branched
upright tree, forming a loose ovate-shaped finely toothed, dark green leaves, are leaves are white-hairy when young, glossy, bur reed), illus. p.443.
head. H and S 20–25ft (6–8m). Pinnate reddish when young and in fall. Bears dark green above when mature. Pink- S. ramosum. See S. erectum.
leaves have 17–25 elliptic to lance-shaped, pungent, creamy-white flowers in spring, stamened, white flowers, in late spring, are
glossy, dark green leaflets, turning purplish followed by ovoid, brown-speckled followed by spherical, brown-speckled, SPARRMANNIA
red in fall. In late spring, bears abundant, berries. Z5–7 yellow-green berries. Z7–8
creamy-white flowers, then rose-pink S. ‘Mitchellii’. See S. thibetica S. vilmorinii (illus. p.91). Deciduous, syn. SPARMANNIA
berries, maturing to deep salmon-pink. Z6–9 ‘John Mitchell’. spreading, arching, elegant tree or large African hemp
S. folgneri ‘Emiel’. Deciduous, arching S. munda, syn. S. prattii of gardens. shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Pinnate leaves have
tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Slightly pendent Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 20ft 21–29 glossy, dark green leaflets, turning MALVACEAE/TILIACEAE
branches bear simple, narrowly ovate, (6m). Pinnate leaves have 25–31 oblong, orange- or bronze-red in fall. Bears white
dark green leaves, white beneath, with sharply toothed, dark green leaflets. Small, flowers in late spring, followed by Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
striking orange and red fall color. White white flowers in late spring, are followed by spherical, dark red berries. Z6–8 grown for their flowers and foliage. Frost
flowers, in late spring, are followed by spherical, green fruits, ripening white. Z5–7 S. ‘Wisley Gold’. Deciduous, small, tender. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
pendent clusters of ovoid, dark red berries. S. ‘Olympic Flame’. See S. ulleungensis upright tree, forming a dense, rounded drained soil. Water freely when in full
Z6–9 ‘Olympic Flame’. head. H 20–25ft (6–8m), S 12–20ft (4–6m). growth, moderately at other times. Cut
S. forrestii (illus. p.91). Deciduous, S. prattii of gardens. See S. munda. Pinnate leaves composed of 11–15 ovate back stems after flowering to promote a
spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). S. pseudohupehensis, syn. S. or oblong, toothed leaflets, turn reddish more compact habit. Propagate by
Pinnate leaves have up to 19 elliptic-oblong, hupehensis var. obtusa, S.h. ‘Pink Pagoda’, purple or orange-red in fall. In late spring, greenwood cuttings in late spring.
dark blue-green, toothed leaflets. Bears S.h. ‘Rosea’, illus. p.73. bears white flowers, followed by heavy S. africana illus. p.453.
creamy-white flowers in spring, followed S. reducta illus. p.346. bunches of long-lasting, golden-yellow
by spherical, fleshy, white berries, tinted S. rosea ‘Rosiness’. Deciduous shrub or berries. Z6–9 SPARTINA
crimson at the bases. Z4–8 small tree. H and S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has
S. glabriuscula, syn. S. hupehensis of deep reddish-brown shoots and buds, and SPARAXIS POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
gardens (Hubei rowan). Deciduous, broadly pinnate leaves with 15–19 narrowly ovate,
columnar tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Pinnate deep green leaflets with reddish stalks, Harlequin flower See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
leaves have up to 15 ovate, blue-green turning orange-red before falling. In late and SEDGES.
leaflets, turning red in fall. Bears pyramidal spring, bears pink flowers, then heavy IRIDACEAE S. pectinata ‘Aureomarginata’, syn.
corymbs of white flowers in late spring, clusters of spherical, pale pink berries, that S.p. ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.289.
followed by spherical, pink-tinged, white darken later, often flecked crimson. Z5–7 Genus of spring- and early summer-
fruits. Z6–9 S. sargentiana (Sargent’s rowan; flowering corms, grown for their very SPARTIUM
S. hemsleyi ‘John Bond’. Deciduous, illus. p.91). Deciduous, sparsely branched, brightly colored flowers. Half hardy.
neat, narrowly conical tree. H 22–30ft spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has Requires a sunny, well-drained site. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
(7–10m), S 20ft (6m). Smooth, reddish stout shoots and large, pinnate leaves, with Plant in fall. Dry off corms after flowering.
brown young branches have conspicuous, 9–14 oblong to lance-shaped, dark green Propagate by offsets in late summer or by Genus of one species of deciduous, almost
white lenticels, and simple, ovate to lance- leaflets, turning orange and red in fall. seed in fall. leafless shrub, grown for its green shoots
shaped, toothed, dark gray-green leaves, Small, white flowers in late spring are S. elegans, syn. Streptanthera cuprea, and showy flowers. Fully hardy. Needs
In late spring–early summer, bears creamy- followed by spherical, orange berries. Z5–7 S. elegans. Spring-flowering corm. sun and not too rich, well-drained soil.
white flowers, followed by roundish, russet S. scalaris (illus. p.91). Deciduous, H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–5in (8–12cm). Has To maintain a compact habit, trim in early
berries. Good for small gardens. Z6–9 spreading, graceful tree. H and S 30ft (10m). lance-shaped leaves in an erect, basal fan. spring. Propagate by seed in fall.
S. hupehensis of gardens. See S. Pinnate leaves, with 21–33 narrowly Stem produces a loose spike of 1–5 flattish, S. junceum (Spanish broom) illus. p.140.
glabriuscula. oblong, glossy, dark green leaflets, turn red orange or white blooms, each 11⁄4–11⁄2in
S. hupehensis var. obtusa. See and purple in fall. Flattened corymbs of (3–4cm) across, and with a yellow center SPATHIPHYLLUM
S. pseudohupehensis. ‘Pink Pagoda’ see small, white flowers in late spring are surrounded by a purple-black band. Z10–11
S. pseudohupehensis. ‘Rosea’ see followed by spherical, red berries in large, S. fragrans subsp. grandiflora. See ARACEAE
S. pseudohupehensis. dense clusters. Z5–7 S. grandiflora.
S. hybrida ‘Gibbsii’. Deciduous, S. scopulina of gardens. See S. aucuparia S. grandiflora, syn. S. fragrans subsp. Genus of evergreen perennials, with
compact tree. H to 22ft (7m), S 12ft (4m). ‘Fastigiata’. grandiflora. Spring-flowering corm. rhizomes, grown for their foliage and
H 6–16in (15–40cm), S 3–5in (8–12cm). Has flowers. Frost tender. Prefers a humid
sword-shaped leaves in an erect, basal fan. atmosphere, humus-rich, moist soil and
Stem bears a loose spike of up to 5 flattish, partial shade. Propagate by division in
spring or summer. tAll parts of the plants
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
and contact with the sap may irritate skin.
S. ‘Clevelandii’. See S. wallisii
‘Clevelandii’.
STAUNTONIA
S. floribundum. Evergreen, tufted, short- S. x cinerea ‘Grefsheim’. Dense- start into growth by watering in spring. tapered, gray-green leaves, edged creamy-
stemmed perennial. H and S to 1ft (30cm). growing, deciduous shrub. H and S 4–5ft Propagate by offsets in early fall. white. Bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers are
Produces clusters of lance-shaped, long- (1.2–1.5m). Produces downy, arching stems S. formosissima (Aztec lily, Jacobean lily) borne in late winter and early spring. H5
pointed, long-stalked, glossy, dark green and narrowly elliptic or lance-shaped, light illus. p.402. S. praecox illus. p.144. ‘Magpie’ see
leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. Intermittently sea-green leaves, downy above when S. ‘Magpie’.
bears narrowly ovate, white spathes, to young, with flattened silky hairs beneath. STACHYS
3in (8cm) long, each enclosing a green- In mid-spring, before the leaves, bears STANHOPEA
and-white spadix. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) corymbs of small, white flowers. Z4–7 LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
S. ‘Mauna Loa’ illus. p.468. S. japonica ‘Anthony Waterer’ illus. ORCHIDACEAE
S. wallisii (Peace lily) illus. p.468. p.154. ‘Candlelight’ is a compact, clump- Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering
‘Clevelandii’ (syn. S. ‘Clevelandii’) is an forming deciduous shrub. H 2–21⁄2ft (60– annuals, perennials and shrubs, some of See also ORCHIDS.
evergreen, tufted perennial. H and S to 2ft 75cm), S 36–39in (90–100cm). Butter-yellow which are evergreen, grown for their S. tigrina. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
(60cm). Has broadly lance-shaped, semi- spring foliage turns greenish yellow, then foliage and for their flowers. Fully hardy. for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
erect, glossy, mid-green leaves, 1ft (30cm) often fiery red in fall. Bears purplish pink Grows in any well-drained soil, tolerating Pendent spikes of fragrant, waxy, rich
or more long. Intermittently bears ovate, flowers. Golden Princess (‘Lisp’), even poor soil. Species listed below prefer yellow and maroon flowers, 6in (15cm)
white spathes, each 6in (15cm) long, with a H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m), has bronze-gold an open, sunny site; others are woodland across, with red-spotted, white lips, are
central, green line, that surround fragrant, young leaves, later bright yellow leaves, plants and are best in partial shade. produced in summer. Has broadly ovate,
white spadices. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) orange-yellow in fall, and bright purplish Propagate by division in spring. ribbed leaves, 1ft (30cm) long. Best grown
pink flowers. ‘Goldflame’ illus. p.156. S. byzantina, syn. S. lanata, S. olympica in a hanging, slatted basket. Provide
SPATHODEA ‘Little Princess’ illus. p.153. MaGic (Lamb’s tongue), illus. p.274. ‘Primrose partial shade in summer. Z11–12
carPet (‘Walbuma’), H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft Heron’ illus. p.275. ‘Silver Carpet’ is an (min. 52–55°F/11–13°C; max. 86°F/30°C)
BIGNONIACEAE (90cm), is a lower-growing version of evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 6in
‘Goldflame’, producing smaller leaves that (15cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oblong-elliptic to STAPELIA S
Genus of one species of evergreen tree, are greenish yellow with bright red tips lance-shaped, woolly, gray leaves. Rarely
grown for its showy, bell-shaped flowers when young, turning pale gold, then produces flowers. Good as a front-of- APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE
and large, pinnate leaves. Frost tender. orange and red in fall, and purplish pink border or ground-cover plant. Z4–8
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained, flowers. Z3–8 S. coccinea. Clump-forming perennial. Genus of clump-forming, perennial
moist soil. Young and pot-grown plants S. nipponica. Deciduous, arching shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has ovate- succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem
seldom flower. Propagate by seed in H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears dense clusters of lance-shaped or oblong-triangular, mid- edges are often indented and may bear small
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. 5-petaled, white flowers in early summer. green leaves with a pronounced network leaves that drop after only a few weeks.
S. campanulata (African tulip tree, Stout, red shoots bear small, rounded, of veins. Dense spikes of small, hooded, Flowers are often foul-smelling. Frost
Flame-of-the-forest) illus. p.453. dark green leaves. Z4–8. ‘Halward’s bright scarlet flowers, protruding from tender. Requires a position in sun or
Silver’, H and S 3ft (1m), is slow-growing, purple calyces, arise from leaf axils, from partial shade, and moderately fertile, gritty,
SPHAERALCEA very dense, and flowers profusely. early to late summer. Z4–8 well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
‘Snowmound’ (syn. S.n. var. tosaensis of S. lanata. See S. byzantina. stem cuttings in spring or summer.
MALVACEAE gardens) illus. p.131. S. macrantha. Clump-forming perennial. S. europaea. See Caralluma europaea.
S. prunifolia. Deciduous, arching, H and S 1ft (30cm). Has broadly ovate, S. flavirostris. See S. grandiflora.
Genus of annuals, perennials, and graceful shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). In mid- crinkled, round-toothed, soft green leaves. S. gigantea illus. p.496.
deciduous subshrubs, evergreen in warm and late spring, bears clusters of rosettelike, Dense spikes of large, hooded, rose-purple S. grandiflora, syn. S. flavirostris, illus.
climates, grown for their mallowlike double, white flowers amid rounded to flowers are produced in summer. Z7–9. p.488.
flowers. Fully hardy to frost hardy. Needs oblong, bright green leaves, coloring ‘Superba’ illus. p.270. S. variegata. See Orbea variegata.
a warm, sunny site and fertile, well-drained to bronze-yellow in fall. Z5–8 S. officinalis, syn. Betonica officinalis
soil. Propagate by seed or division in spring, S. thunbergii. Deciduous or semi- (Betony). Mat-forming perennial. STAPHYLEA
or by softwood cuttings in midsummer. evergreen, arching, dense shrub. H 5ft H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm).
S. ambigua illus. p.246. (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Small clusters of Produces dense spikes of hooded, tubular, Bladder nut
S. munroana. Woody-based, gray-hairy 5-petaled, white flowers are borne from purple, pink or white flowers on sturdy
perennial with unbranched stems. H and early to mid-spring. Has lance-shaped, stems, arising, in summer, from mats of STAPHYLEACEAE
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has ovate to almost diamond- pale green leaves. Z5–8 ovate-oblong to oblong, round-toothed,
shaped, shallowly lobed or scalloped, mid- S. x vanhouttei (Bridal wreath) illus. p.145. mid-green leaves. Z5–8. ‘Hummelo’ illus. Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
green leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, bright ‘Gold Fountain’ is a compact, bushy, p268. ‘Rosea’ has flowers of clearer pink. shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers
reddish-orange flowers in many-flowered deciduous shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). S. olympica. See S. byzantina. and bladderlike fruits. Fully hardy. Requires
axillary and terminal panicles from Has slender, arching shoots with golden sun or partial shade and fertile, moist soil.
midsummer to early fall. Z4–10 yellow foliage in spring, turning greenish STACHYURUS Propagate species by softwood or
yellow by midsummer. In early summer, greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
Sphaeropteris. See Cyathea. bears bowl-shaped, white flowers in dense STACHYURACEAE in fall, selected forms by softwood or
corymbs along the shoots. ‘Pink Ice’, greenwood cuttings in summer.
SPIRAEA H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), is slow-growing with Genus of deciduous or semievergreen S. colchica. Deciduous, upright shrub
white-flecked leaves that can revert. Z4–7 shrubs, grown for their 4-petaled flowers, with stout shoots. H and S 111⁄2ft (3.5m).
ROSACEAE which are borne before the leaves emerge. Erect panicles of bell-shaped, white flowers
SPIRANTHES Fully to frost hardy; flower spikes, formed in late spring, are followed by inflated,
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen in fall, are usually unharmed by hard greenish-white fruits. Bright green leaves
shrubs, grown for their abundant, small ORCHIDACEAE frosts. Requires a position in sun or partial each consist of 3–5 ovate leaflets. Z6–9
flowers and, in some species, their foliage. shade, and fertile, moist but well-drained, S. holocarpa ‘Rosea’ illus. p.111.
Fully hardy. Requires sun and fertile, well- See also ORCHIDS. not too heavy soil, preferably peaty and S. pinnata (Bladder nut) illus. p.110.
drained but not over-dry soil. On species S. cernua (illus. p.466). Deciduous, acidic. Does well when trained against a
and cultivars that flower on the current terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm). Spikes south- or west-facing wall. Propagate by Statice bellidifolia. See Limonium
year’s growth—S. x billiardii, S. douglasii of delicate, white flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) long, softwood cuttings in summer. bellidifolia.
and S. japonica and its cultivars—cut back with pale yellow centers, are produced S. chinensis. Deciduous, spreading, open
young stems and remove very old ones in in fall. Has narrowly lance-shaped leaves, shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m). In late winter Statice suworowii. See Psylliostachys
early spring. On species that flower on old 2–5in (5–12cm) long. Requires and early spring, bears pendent spikes of suworowii.
wood, cut out older shoots in early spring, partial shade in summer. Z4–8 small, bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers.
leaving young shoots to flower that year. Leaves are ovate and dark green. Z8–9. STAUNTONIA 707
Propagate S. douglasii by division from late SPREKELIA ‘Celina’ bears 50–60 flowers in racemes to
fall to early spring, other species and 9in (23cm) long. ‘Joy Forever’ has leaves LARDIZABALACEAE
cultivars by softwood cuttings in summer. AMARYLLIDACEAE with wide yellow margins, sometimes all-
S. ‘Arguta’ (Bridal wreath, Foam of May). yellow. ‘Magpie’ see S. ‘Magpie’. Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H and Genus of one species of bulb, grown for S. ‘Magpie’, syn. S. chinensis ‘Magpie’, twining climbers, grown for their leaves,
S 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters of 5-petaled, its showy, red flowers in spring. Frost S. praecox ‘Magpie’. Deciduous, spreading, flowers and fruits. Male and female flowers
white flowers from mid- to late spring. tender. Needs an open, sunny site and open shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has are borne on separate plants. Frost hardy
Leaves are narrowly oblong and bright well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter; arching, red-purple shoots and ovate, to frost tender. Grow in any well-drained
green. Z5–8 soil and in sun or partial shade. Prune in
early spring. Propagate by seed in spring
or by stem cuttings in summer or fall.
S. hexaphylla illus. p.192.
STENANTHIUM
STENANTHIUM S. marginatus. See Pachycereus Sterculia acerifolia. See stems with support. Thin out crowded
marginatus. Brachychiton acerifolius. stems in spring. Propagate by semiripe
MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE S. thurberi, syn. Lemaireocereus cuttings in summer.
thurberi. Columnar, perennial cactus, Sterculia diversifolia. See S. ciliatum illus. p.464.
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs. Fully branching from low down. H to 22ft (7m), Brachychiton populneus.
hardy to frost hardy. Needs an open, sunny S 3ft (1m). Has 5–6-ribbed, glossy, dark STIPA
position in any well-drained soil. In cool green stems, with very short-spined Sterculia platanifolia. See
areas, plant in a warm, sheltered site in areoles set in close rows down each rib. Firmiana simplex. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
light soil that does not dry out excessively. Produces funnel-shaped, purple or pink
Propagate by seed in fall or by division in flowers with red sepals in summer. STERNBERGIA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
spring. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) and SEDGES.
S. angustifolium. See S. gramineum. AMARYLLIDACEAE S. arundinacea. See Anemanthele
S. gramineum, syn. S. angustifolium. Stenolobium stans. See Tecoma stans. lessoniana.
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), Genus of spring- or fall-flowering bulbs, S. calamagrostis illus. p.286.
S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). Has long, narrowly STENOMESSON grown for their large, crocuslike flowers. S. gigantea (Golden oats) illus. p.287.
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Frost hardy, but in cool areas grow against S. tenuissima illus. p.288.
Stem produces a dense, branched, often AMARYLLIDACEAE a sunny wall. Needs full sun and any well-
arching spike of fragrant, star-shaped, drained, heavy or light soil that dries out in STOKESIA
white or green flowers, each 1⁄2–5⁄8in Genus of spring- and summer-flowering summer, when bulbs die down and need
(1–1.5cm) across. Z9–11 bulbs, grown for their umbels of long, warmth and dryness. Leave undisturbed to ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
often pendent, tubular flowers. Half hardy form clumps. Propagate by division in
STENOCACTUS to frost tender. Needs an open, sunny spring or fall. Genus of one species of summer-flowering,
situation and well-drained soil. Propagate S. candida illus. p.415. evergreen, perennial, grown for its long-
syn. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS by offsets in fall. S. clusiana. Fall-flowering bulb. lasting flower heads, which are good for
S. miniatum, syn. Urceolina peruviana, H to 3⁄4in (2cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Strap- cutting. Fully hardy. Needs sun or partial
CACTACEAE illus. p.407. shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
S. variegatum illus. p.407. leaves, often twisted lengthways, emerge Propagate by division in spring or by
Genus of spherical, perennial cacti with after flowering. Stems bear erect, goblet- seed in fall.
spiny, green stems that have very narrow, STENOTAPHRUM shaped, yellow or greenish-yellow S. laevis illus. p.269. ‘Blue Star’ is an
wavy ribs. Frost tender. Needs sun and flowers, 11⁄2–3in (4–8cm) long. Z6–9 evergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. H and
well-drained soil. Water well during the POACEAE/GRAMINEAE S. lutea. Fall-flowering bulb. H 1–6in S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Bears cornflowerlike,
growing season, much less when dormant (2.5–15cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears strap- pale blue flower heads, singly at stem tips
in winter as it may rot off. Propagate by See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, shaped, semierect, basal, deep green in summer. Has narrowly lance-shaped,
seed in spring or summer. and SEDGES. leaves together with a funnel-shaped, basal, mid-green leaves, slightly spiny near
S. coptonogonus illus. p.487. S. secundatum ‘Variegatum’. bright yellow flower, 1–21⁄2in (2.5–6cm) the bases and with pale greenish white
S. crispatus, syn. Echinofossulocactus Evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous, long, on a leafless stem. Z6–9 midribs. Z5–9
lamellosus. Spherical, perennial cactus. perennial grass. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. S. sicula. Fall-flowering bulb. H 1–3in
H and S 3in (8cm). Green stem has 30–35 Almost rigid, flattened, branching stems (2.5–7cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Narrowly strap- STOMATIUM
ribs. Bears funnel-shaped, flesh-colored or bear linear-oblong, flat to folded, pale shaped, semierect, basal, deep green
red flowers, 1⁄2–11⁄4in (1–3cm) across, from green leaves with ivory-white stripes. leaves, each with a central, paler green AIZOACEAE
In summer, produces erect racemes of stripe, emerge with flowers. Each stem
S the crown in spring. Has flattened upper brownish-green spikelets. Used as a lawn bears a funnel-shaped, bright yellow Genus of mat-forming, perennial succulents
radial spines, shorter, more rounded lower in warm climates. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) flower, 3⁄4–11⁄2in (2–4cm) long. Z6–9 with short stems, each bearing 4–6 pairs of
ones and longer, rounded central spines solid, 3-angled or semicylindrical leaves,
with darker tips. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) STEPHANANDRA STEWARTIA often with toothed edges and incurved
S. lamellosus. See S. obvallatus. tips. Frost tender. Needs sun and well-
S. obvallatus, syn. Echinofossulocactus ROSACEAE syn. STUARTIA drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
pentacanthus, E. violaciflorus, Stenocactus cuttings in spring or summer.
lamellosus, illus. p.484. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering THEACEAE S. agninum. Mat-forming, perennial
shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage, fall succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 3ft (1m) or more.
STENOCARPUS color, and winter shoots. Fully hardy. Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and Has solid, 3-angled or semicylindrical,
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, not shrubs, grown for their flowers, fall color, soft gray-green leaves, 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm)
PROTEACEAE too dry soil. On established plants, cut out and usually peeling bark. Fully to frost long, often without teeth. In summer,
some older shoots after flowering. hardy. Needs a sunny site, but with roots fragrant, daisylike, yellow flowers, 3⁄4–2in
Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall- Propagate by softwood cuttings in in shade, and shelter from strong winds. (2–5cm) across, open in evening. Z10–12
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for summer or by division in fall. Requires fertile, moist but well-drained, (min. 45°F/7°C)
their flowers and foliage. Frost tender. S. incisa. Deciduous, arching shrub. H 5ft neutral to acidic soil. Resents being S. patulum. Mat-forming, perennial
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained (1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Ovate, deeply lobed and transplanted. Propagate by softwood succulent. H 11⁄4in (3cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
soil. Water potted plants moderately, less toothed, bright green leaves turn orange- cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. semicylindrical, gray-green leaves, each
in winter. Pruning is rarely necessary. yellow in fall and stems become rich S. monadelpha illus. p.76. 3⁄4in (2cm) long, with rough dots and 2–9
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe brown in winter. Produces crowded S. pseudocamellia (illus. p.78). teethlike tubercles on upper surface. Bears
cuttings in summer. panicles of tiny, star-shaped, greenish- Deciduous, broadly columnar tree. H 70ft fragrant, daisylike, pale yellow flowers,
S. sinuatus (Australian firewheel tree). white flowers in early summer. Z4–7. (20m), S 25ft (8m). Has ornamental, peeling 3⁄4in (2cm) across, in evening in summer.
Slow-growing, evergreen, upright tree. ‘Crispa’, H 2ft (60cm), has wavy-edged bark and bears roselike, white flowers in Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
H 40ft (12m) or more, S 15ft (5m). Has and more deeply lobed leaves. midsummer. Ovate to elliptic, finely
lustrous, deep green leaves, each 5–10in S. tanakae illus. p.132. toothed, dark green leaves turn orange Strangweja spicata. See Bellevalia
(12–25cm) long, lance-shaped and entire or and red in fall. Z5–8 hyacinthoides.
with pairs of oblong lobes. In late summer STEPHANOTIS S. sinensis. Deciduous, broadly conical
to fall, bears bottle-shaped, bright scarlet tree. H 40ft (12m), S 22ft (7m). Has peeling Stranvaesia. See Photinia.
flowers, clustered like the spokes APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE bark and ovate or elliptic, toothed, dark
of a wheel. Z10–12 (min. 45–50°F/7–10°C) Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, green leaves, turning brilliant red in fall. STRATIOTES
twining climbers, grown for their Bears roselike, fragrant, white flowers in
STENOCEREUS scented, waxy flowers. Frost tender. Need midsummer. Z5–8 HYDROCHARITACEAE
a humus-rich, well-drained soil and partial Genus of one species of semievergreen,
708 CACTACEAE shade in summer. Water moderately, less STIGMAPHYLLON perennial, submerged, free-floating water
in cold weather. Provide stems with plant, grown for its foliage. Fully hardy.
Genus of treelike or shrubby, perennial support. Shorten over-long or crowded MALPIGHIACEAE Requires sun. Grows in any depth of cool
cacti with prominently ribbed stems often stems in spring. Propagate by seed in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, water. Thin plants as required. Propagate
densely spined. Frost tender; below 55ºF spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. twining climbers, grown for their clusters by separating young plants from runners
(13ºC) plants may become badly marked. S. floribunda (Madagascar jasmine) of 5-petaled flowers. Frost tender. Fertile, in summer.
Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. illus. p.460. well-drained soil is needed, with partial S. aloides (Water soldier) illus. p.435.
Propagate by seed in spring or stem shade in summer. Water freely when in full
cuttings in summer. growth, less in low temperatures. Provide
SYAGRUS
STRELITZIA STREPTOSOLEN pinkish-bronze, turning rich green. (8m), S 15ft (5m). Has ovate to obovate,
Pealike, luminous, blue-green flowers, toothed, dark green leaves, to 5in (12cm)
Bird-of-paradise flower SOLANACEAE 3in (8cm) long, are produced in dense, long. Bell-shaped white flowers are borne
pendent spikes from winter to spring, in terminal racemes or few-branched
STRELITZIACEAE Genus of one species of evergreen or rarely in summer. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) panicles in early summer. Z5–9
semievergreen, loosely scrambling shrub, S. japonicus illus. p.72. ‘Emerald
Genus of large, evergreen, tufted, clump- grown for its flowers. Frost tender. Needs STYLIDIUM Pagoda’ see S.j. ‘Sohuksan’. ‘Purple
forming, palmlike perennials, grown for full sun and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Dress’ is a graceful, spreading, deciduous
their showy flowers. Frost tender. Grow in Water freely when in full growth, less at STYLIDIACEAE tree. H and S 20–33ft (6–10m). Has dark
fertile, well-drained soil and in bright light other times. After flowering or in spring, purplish leaves and bears bell-shaped,
shaded from direct sun in summer. Reduce remove flowered shoots and tie in new Genus of annuals, herbaceous perennials pale pink flowers. ‘Sohuksan’ (syn. S.j.
watering in low temperatures. Propagate growths. Propagate by softwood or and subshrubs with grasslike leaves, ‘Emerald Pagoda’) is vigorous, with larger,
by seed or division of suckers in spring. semiripe cuttings in summer. grown for their unusual flowers that have leathery, dark green leaves and larger
S. nicolai. Evergreen, palmlike perennial S. jamesonii (Marmalade bush) illus. fused, “triggered” stamens adapted for flowers, to 1in (2.5cm) across. Z5–9
with a stout trunk. H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m). p.464. pollination by insects. Frost tender. Grow S. obassia (Fragrant snowbell).
Has leaves, 5ft (1.5m) or more long, on long in fertile soil and in bright light. Propagate Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),
stalks and intermittently bears beaklike, STROBILANTHES by seed in spring. S 22ft (7m). Bears long, spreading clusters
white and pale blue flowers in boat-shaped, S. graminifolium (Trigger plant). of fragrant, bell- to funnel-shaped, white
dark purple bracts. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) ACANTHACEAE Rosetted perennial. H and S to 6in (15cm) flowers in early summer. Has elliptic to
S. reginae illus. p.476. or more. Grasslike, stiff, dark green leaves, rounded, dark green leaves. Z5–9
Genus of perennials and evergreen with toothed margins, rise from ground S. officinalis illus. p.112.
Streptanthera cuprea. See Sparaxis subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Frost level. Bears tiny, pale pinkish-mauve
elegans. hardy to frost tender. Grow in partial flowers in narrow spikes, 1ft (30cm) Sulcorebutia arenacea.
shade in fertile, well-drained soil. or more long, in summer. Z10–12 See Rebutia arenacea.
Streptanthera elegans. See Sparaxis Propagate by seed, basal stem cuttings, or (min. 45°F/7°C)
elegans. division in spring. Sulcorebutia rauschii.
S. atropurpurea. See S. wallichii. STYLOPHORUM See Rebutia steinmannii.
STREPTOCARPUS S. dyeriana (Purple Shield) illus. p.311.
S. wallichii, syn S. atropurpurea, PAPAVERACEAE Sulcorebutia tiraquensis.
GESNERIACEAE illus. p.250. See Rebutia steinmannii subsp.
Genus of spring-flowering, herbaceous tiraquensis.
Genus of perennials, some of which are STROMANTHE perennials with large, deeply lobed leaves,
evergreen, grown for their showy flowers. nearly all as basal rosettes. Fully hardy. Sutera. See Chaenostoma except for:
Frost tender. Grow in a humid atmosphere MARANTACEAE Needs partial shade and humus-rich, S. grandiflora for which see
in humus-rich, moist soil and in bright moist, peaty soil. Propagate by division Jamesbrittenia grandiflora.
light away from direct sunlight. Avoid Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials, in spring or by seed in fall.
wetting leaves when watering; water less grown mainly for their foliage but also for S. diphyllum. Perennial with basal SUTHERLANDIA S
during cold periods. Propagate by seed in their showy flower bracts. Frost tender. rosettes of large, lobed, hairy leaves. H and
spring, by division after flowering, or by Prefers high humidity, partial shade, and S 1ft (30cm) or more. Bears open cup- PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
tip cuttings from bushy species or leaf open soil or compost. Use soft water if shaped, golden-yellow flowers in spring,
cuttings from stemless species, in spring possible and do not allow to dry out. on upright, branched stems. Prefers rich, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown
or summer. Propagate by division in spring. woodland conditions. Z4–6 for their flowers and fruits. Frost tender.
S. ‘Bethan’ illus. p.473. S. sanguinea. Strong-growing, Requires full light and fertile, well-drained
S. caulescens. Erect perennial. H and evergreen, erect perennial. H and S to 5ft STYPHNOLOBIUM soil. Water containerized specimens freely
S 11⁄2ft (45cm) or more. Has small, narrow (1.5m). Lance-shaped leaves are glossy, when in full growth, moderately at other
to ovate, fleshy, dark green leaves. Stalked green above with paler midribs, reddish PAPAVERACEAE times. Remove old, twiggy stems at
clusters of small, tubular, violet-striped, below. Bears panicles of small, 3-petaled, ground level in late winter. Propagate
violet or white flowers are borne in leaf white flowers in the axils of showy, bright Genus of mainly deciduous, sometimes by seed in spring. Red spider mite may
axils intermittently. Z10–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) red bracts, usually in spring but also in evergreen, trees and shrubs, cultivated be troublesome.
S. ‘Constant Nymph’. Evergreen, summer–fall. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) for their elegant habit, handsome, pinnate S. frutescens illus. p.456.
stemless perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 20in foliage, and fragrant, pealike flowers. Fully
(50cm). Has a rosette of strap-shaped, STROMBOCACTUS hardy to frost tender. Grow in a shrub SWAINSONA
wrinkled leaves. Funnel-shaped, purplish- border, or as specimen plants. In frost-
blue flowers, darker veined and yellow- CACTACEAE prone areas, grow at the base of a warm, PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
throated, are intermittently produced in sunny wall, or in a greenhouse. They
small clusters. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) Genus of one species of extremely slow- need long, hot summers to flower well. Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials,
S. ‘Crystal Ice’ illus. p.465. growing, hemispherical to cylindrical, Propagate by seed in spring. and subshrubs, grown for their flowers.
S. kentaniensis. Herbaceous, stemless perennial cactus. Takes 5 years from seed S. japonicum, syn. Sophora japonica Frost tender. Needs full light or partial
perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm). Has to reach 1⁄2in (1cm) high. Funnel-shaped (Pagoda tree). Deciduous, spreading tree. shade and humus-rich, well-drained soil.
loose whorls of narrowly lance-shaped, flowers are 11⁄2in (4cm) across. Frost tender. H and S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves Water freely when in active growth,
wrinkled, hairy, dark green leaves, with Needs sun and very well-drained soil. consist of 9–15 ovate leaflets. On mature moderately at other times. Propagate
a prominent mid-vein, held semierect. Susceptible to overwatering. Propagate by trees, long clusters of pealike, creamy- by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
Clusters of 2–5 small, white flowers, with seed in spring or summer. white flowers are borne in late summer and in summer.
a radiating, violet vein pattern, are borne S. disciformis illus. p.481. early fall. Does best in hot summers. Z4–8. S. galegifolia (Darling pea). Evergreen,
mainly in winter, but can bloom all year in ‘Pendula’ (syn. Sophora japonica subshrub with spreading to semiscandent
ideal conditions. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) STRONGYLODON ‘Pendula’), H and S 10ft (3m), has long, stems. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–
S. ‘Nicola’ illus. p.469. hanging shoots with dark green foliage. 60cm). Leaves have 11–25 narrowly oblong,
S. rexii (Cape primrose). Stemless PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE mid- to deep green leaflets. Pealike, red,
perennial. H to 10in (25cm), S to 20in (50cm). STYRAX pink, purple, blue or yellow flowers are
Has a rosette of strap-shaped, wrinkled, Genus of evergreen shrubs or woody- produced in late spring and summer.
green leaves. Stems, 6in (15cm) or more stemmed, twining climbers, grown for STYRACACEAE Remove old, flowered shoots in late winter.
long, bear loose clusters of funnel-shaped, their large, clawlike flowers. Frost tender. Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C)
pale blue or mauve flowers, 2in (5cm) long Needs humus-rich, moist but well-drained Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
and with darker lines, intermittently at any soil, and partial shade in summer. Water summer-flowering trees and shrubs, SYAGRUS 709
time of year. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) freely when in full growth, less at other grown for their foliage and flowers. Fully
S. saxorum (False African violet). times. Provide support. If necessary, thin hardy to frost hardy. Prefers a sheltered Queen palm
Evergreen, rounded, woody-based crowded stems in spring. Propagate by position in sun or partial shade and moist,
perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm) or more. seed or stem cuttings in summer, or neutral to acidic soil. Good for a woodland ARECACEAE/PALMAE
Has small, ovate, hairy leaves in whorls. by layering in spring. garden. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
Lilac flowers with white tubes arise S. macrobotrys (Jade vine). Fast- summer or by seed in fall. Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
from leaf axils in summer–fall. Z10–12 growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, S. hemsleyanus. Broadly ovate, their majestic appearance. Frost tender.
(min. 50ºF/10ºC). twining climber. H to 70ft (20m). Leaves ultimately rounded, deciduous tree. H 25ft Requires full light or partial shade and
have 3 ovate, glossy leaflets and are humus-rich, well-drained soil. Water
containerized specimens moderately, less
when temperatures are low. Propagate by
SYAGRUS
seed in spring at not less than 75°F (24°C). Propagate by softwood cuttings in which fade to dark green, and small, S. ‘Photograph’, syn. Aster ‘Photograph’
Red spider mite may be a nuisance. spring or by division in spring or fall. pink-centered, white flower heads. (illus. p.249). Clump-forming, upright,
S. romanzoffiana, syn. Arecastrum Spray modern forms of S. novi-belgii S. ‘Little Carlow’ (S. cordifolium hybrid), compact perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm).
romanozoffianum (Queen palm). Sturdy, against mildew and insect attack. Other syn. Aster ‘Little Carlow’ (illus. p.249). Has heart-shaped, mid-green leaves. In
evergreen palm. H to 70ft (20m), S 20–30ft species may suffer too. See also feature Clump-forming, upright perennial. H 4ft fall, upright then arching, branched sprays
(6–10m). Has feather-shaped leaves with panel p.249. (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped, bear abundant, daisylike, glowing violet-
lustrous, green leaflets. Mature trees bear S. ‘Coombe Fishacre’, syn. Aster mildew-resistant, deep-green leaves. In blue flower heads. Z4–8
clusters of yellow flowers in summer. ‘Coombe Fishacre’ (illus. p.249). Clump- fall, upright sprays bear abundant, S. pilosum var. pringlei, syn. Aster
Z11–12 (min.55°F/13°C) forming, upright perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), daisylike, bright mauve-blue flower heads. pilosus var. demotus, A. tradescantii of
S 14in (35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid- Z4–8 gardens. Erect perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),
SYCOPSIS green leaves. In late summer, erect stems S. novae-angliae ‘Andenken an Alma S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-
bear abundant, daisylike, pinkish-mauve Pötschke’, syn. Aster novae-angliae green leaves. In fall, clusters of small,
HAMAMELIDACEAE flower heads with yellow centers that age ‘Andenken an Alma Pötschke’. Vigorous, white flower heads are borne on wiry,
to red. Z5–9 upright perennial. H 30in (75cm), S to 2ft leafy stems and provide a good foil to
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, S. cordifolium ‘Silver Spray’, syn. (60cm). In fall, produces clusters of single, bright, fall leaf colors. Z3–9
grown for their foliage and flowers. Fully Aster cordifolius ‘Silver Spray’ (illus. p.249). pink flower heads on stiff stems. Has S. ‘Sunhelene’, syn. Aster ‘Sunhelene’
hardy to frost tender. Needs a sheltered Bushy perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). lance-shaped, rough leaves. May need (illus. p.249). Clump-forming, upright,
position in sun or partial shade and fertile, Dense, arching stems bear sprays of small, staking. ‘Autumn Snow’ see S.n-a compact perennial. H 3ft (100cm), S 16in
not too dry, peaty soil. Propagate by pink-tinged, white flower heads in fall. ‘Herbstschnee’. ‘Barr’s Pink’ bears (40cm). Has lance-shaped, mildew-
semiripe cuttings in summer. Mid-green leaves are lance-shaped. Needs semidouble, bright rose-pink flower heads resistant, mid-green leaves. In late summer
S. sinensis. Evergreen, upright shrub. staking. Z3–8 in summer–fall. ‘Harrington’s Pink’ and fall, upright, branched sprays bear
H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are ovate, S. diffusus. See S. lateriflorum. (illus. p.249), H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), has single, abundant, daisylike, double, blue-mauve
glossy and dark green. Flowers lack petals S. ericoides, syn. Aster ericoides. clear pink flower heads with yellow flower heads. Z5–8
but have showy, dense clusters of red- Clump-forming, bushy perennial. H 3ft centers. Those of ‘Herbstschnee’ (syn. S. turbinellum, syn. Aster turbinellus.
tinged, yellow anthers in late winter or (1m), S 1ft (30cm). From late summer to A.n-a ‘Autumn Snow’, S.n-a ‘Autumn Clump-forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m),
early spring. H5 late fall, bears daisylike, yellow-centered, Snow’), H 21⁄2–31⁄2ft (75cm–1.1m), are S 3ft (1m). Has lance-shaped, dark green
white flower heads, sometimes shaded white with yellow centers. ‘Rosa Sieger’ leaves. In late summer and fall, upright,
Symphandra pendula. See Campanula pink or blue, in lax panicles. Has small, (illus. p.249), H 4ft (1.2m), has pink flower wiry purplish-green stems bear panicles
pendula. lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and heads. ‘Violetta’ (illus. p.249), H 5ft (1.5m), of daisylike, yellow-centered, pale violet
slender, freely branched stems. Z5–8. produces yellow-centered, bright violet- flowers. Z5–8
Symphandra wanneri. See ‘Blue Star’, H 32in (80cm), has soft purple flower heads. Z3–8
Campanula wanneri. mauve-blue ray florets. ‘Golden Spray’ S. novi-belgii ‘Apple Blossom’, syn. SYMPHYTUM
(illus. p.249) produces pink-tinged, Aster novi-belgii ‘Apple Blossom’ (illus.
SYMPHORICARPOS white flower heads, with golden-yellow p.249). Vigorous, spreading perennial. Comfrey
centers. ‘Pink Cloud’, H 32in (80cm), is H 3ft (90cm), S 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm). Panicles
CAPRIFOLIACEAE vigorous, with arching sprays of pale pink of single, pale soft pink flowers are borne BORAGINACEAE
flower heads. f. prostratum, H to 8in in fall, amid lance-shaped, mid-green
Genus of deciduous shrubs, with (20cm), S 2ft (60cm), provides good leaves. ‘Carnival’ (illus. p.249), H 30in Genus of vigorous, coarse perennials,
inconspicuous, bell-shaped flowers, grown groundcover and has tiny, needlelike (75cm), S to 11⁄2ft (45cm), bears double, best suited to wild gardens. Fully hardy.
mainly for their clusters of showy, long- leaves, and white or pale mauve flower cerise-red flower heads with yellow Prefers sun or partial shade and moist soil.
persistent fruits. Fully hardy. Requires sun heads. f. prostratum ‘Snow Flurry’ has centers. Leaves are dark green; prone to Propagate by division in spring or by seed
pure white flowers; is good in gravel or in mildew. ‘Chequers’ (illus. p.249), H 3ft in fall; usually self-seeds. Propagate named
S or partial shade and fertile soil. Propagate a rock garden. ‘Ringdove’, H 3ft (1m), (90cm), S 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), has single, cultivars by division only. tRoots and
by softwood cuttings in summer or by S 1ft (30cm), has narrowly lance-shaped, purple flowers. ‘Climax’, H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft leaves may cause severe discomfort if
division in fall. tFruits may cause mild mid-green leaves and a profusion of small, (60cm), bears single, light blue flowers; ingested; contact with foliage may
stomach upset if ingested; contact with daisylike, yellow-centered, soft lilac flower mildew-resistant. The flower heads of irritate skin.
them may irritate skin. heads in fall. ‘White Heather’ (illus. ‘Fellowship’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm), S. caucasicum illus. p.227.
S. albus (Snowberry). var. laevigatus p.249) has long-lasting, neat, white flower are large, double, and clear, deep pink; S. ‘Goldsmith’, syn. S. ibericum ‘Jubilee’,
(illus. p.142) is a vigorous, deciduous, heads in late fall and wiry stems that may those of ‘Freda Ballard’ (illus. p.249) are S. ibericum ‘Variegatum’, S. ‘Jubilee’.
dense shrub, part upright, part arching. need support. semidouble and rich rose-red. ‘Kristina’, Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial.
H and S 6ft (2m). Large, marblelike, S. ‘Kylie’, syn. Aster ‘Kylie’. Clump- H 1ft (30cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm), has large, H and S 1ft (30cm). Has ovate, hairy, dark
white fruits follow tiny, bell-shaped, pink forming, upright perennial. H 3ft (100cm), semidouble, white flower heads with green leaves with gold and cream
flowers, borne in summer. Rounded leaves S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mildew- yellow centers. ‘Lassie’, H 4ft (1.2m), markings. Bears pale blue flowers, tinged
are dark green. Z3–7 resistant, deep-green leaves. In late S 30in (75cm), produces large, single, clear cream or pink, in spring. Z5–9
S. x chenaultii ‘Hancock’. Deciduous, summer, upright then arching sprays of pink flowers. ‘Little Pink Beauty’, H 11⁄2ft S. grandiflorum of gardens. See
procumbent, dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), small, daisylike, clear pastel-pink flower (45cm), S 20in (50cm), is a good dwarf S. ibericum.
S 10ft (3m). Has ovate, bronze leaves heads are borne in profusion. Z4–8 semidouble, pink cultivar. ‘Marie S. ‘Hidcote Blue’. Clump-forming
maturing to bright green. Open-bell- S. laeve, syn. Aster laevis. Variable, Ballard’ (illus. p.249), H to 3ft (1m), S to perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 2ft (60cm).
shaped, white flowers are borne from clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), 11⁄2ft (45cm), has double, mid-blue flowers; Similar to S. ibericum, but has pale blue
early to midsummer. Produces sparse, S 20in (50cm). Has long, lance-shaped, prone to mildew. ‘Orlando’ (illus. p.249), flowers. Z4–7
small, spherical, deep lilac-pink fruits. mildew-resistant, mid-green leaves. H 3ft (1m), S to 11⁄2ft (45cm), has large, S. ibericum, syn. S. grandiflorum of
Provides excellent groundcover. Z4–7 In late summer, upright purplish stems single, bright pink flower heads with gardens. Clump-forming perennial.
S. orbiculatus (Coralberry, Indian bear abundant sprays of daisylike, pale golden centers. Leaves are dark green; H 10in (25cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-
currant). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. purple flowers. Z4–8. ‘Bluebird’ has mildew may be a problem. ‘Patricia shaped, hairy, rich green leaves. Bears
H and S 6ft (2m). Bears tiny, bell-shaped violet-blue flowers. Ballard’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), bears one-sided racemes of tubular, creamy
white or pink flowers in late summer and S. lateriflorum, syn. Aster diffusus, semidouble, pink flowers. Large, single flowers in spring. Provides good
early fall, then spherical, deep purplish-red A. lateriflorus, S. diffusus. Branching flowers of ‘Peace’ are mauve. ‘Professor groundcover. Z3–9. ‘Jubilee’ see
fruits. Ovate leaves are dark green. Does perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Anton Kippenberg’ (illus. p.249), H 1ft S. ‘Goldsmith’.
best after a hot summer. Z2–7. ‘Foliis Bears sprays of tiny, mauve flower heads, (30cm), S to 11⁄2ft (45cm), has clear blue ‘Variegatum’ see S. ‘Goldsmith’.
Variegatis’ (syn. S.o. ‘Variegatus’) with pinkish-brown centers, in fall. Lance- flowers with yellow centers; those of S. ‘Jubilee’. See S. ‘Goldsmith’.
illus. p.160. shaped leaves are small and dark green. ‘Raspberry Ripple’, H 30in (75cm), S 2ft S. x uplandicum (Russian comfrey).
Z3–9. var. horizontale has flower heads (60cm), are smaller and reddish-violet. ‘Variegatum’ illus. p.227.
710 SYMPHYOTRICHUM that are sometimes tinged pink, ‘Royal Ruby’, H and S to 11⁄2ft (45cm), has
with darker pink centers. ‘Lady in semidouble, rich red flower heads with SYMPLOCOS
Michaelmas daisy Black’, H 4ft (1.2m), has bronze-purple yellow centers; prone to mildew. ‘Royal
leaves and yellow-centered, white flower Velvet’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), has SYMPLOCACEAE
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE heads, and retains its leaf coloring well single deep violet flowers. ‘Sandford
during the growing season. ‘Prince’, White Swan’, H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm), Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees
Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials H 20in (50cm), has bronze-purple leaves, bears white flower heads. Z4–8 and shrubs, of which only the species
with daisylike flower heads borne in described is in general cultivation.
summer to fall. Fully hardy to frost tender. S. paniculata is grown for its flowers
Prefers sun or partial shade and fertile, and fruits. Fruits are most prolific when
well-drained soil, with adequate moisture
all summer. Tall plants require staking.
SYZYGIUM
several plants are grown together. Fully dark green leaves and, in spring, produces S. ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’. See (syn. S. ‘Charles Joly’), H and S 10ft (3m), S
hardy to frost tender. Needs full sun and short, dense racemes of small, bell-shaped, S. vulgaris ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’. bears deep purple-red flowers from mid-
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. blue flowers. Z6–9 S. ‘Madame Florent Stepman’. See spring to early summer. ‘Congo’ (syn. S.
Propagate by seed in fall. S. stellata. See S. missurica subsp. S. vulgaris ‘Madame Florent Stepman’. ‘Congo’) bears large panicles of single,
S. paniculata (Sapphire berry; illus. stellata. S. ‘Madame Lemoine’. See S. vulgaris deep lilac-purple flowers, purplish-red
p.142). Deciduous, upright, bushy shrub or ‘Madame Lemoine’. in bud, in spring. ‘Decaisne’ (syn. S.
small tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Has elliptic to SYRINGA S. ‘Maréchal Foch’. See S. vulgaris ‘Decaisne’) is compact, with abundant,
oblong, finely toothed, sparsely hairy, dark ‘Maréchal Foch’. single, dark blue flowers that are shaded
green leaves. Panicles of small, fragrant, Lilac S. ‘Masséna’. See S. vulgaris ‘Masséna’. purple, and mid-green leaves.
star-shaped, white flowers are borne in S. ‘Maud Notcutt’. See S. vulgaris ‘Firmament’ (illus. p.115) bears profuse,
late spring and early summer, followed by OLEACEAE ‘Maud Notcutt’. lilac-blue flowers in mid-spring. ‘Jan
small, metallic-blue fruits. Z5–8 S. meyeri ‘Palibin’, syn. S. palibianina of van Tol’ (syn. S. ‘Jan van Tol’) bears
Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, gardens, S. velutina of gardens (illus. long, semipendent panicles of single,
Synadenium compactum var. grown for their dense panicles of small, p.115). Slow-growing, deciduous, bushy, narrow-petaled, pure white flowers.
rubrum. See Euphorbia bicompacta tubular flowers, usually extremely dense shrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 5ft (1.5m). ‘Katherine Havemeyer’ (syn. S.
var. rubra. fragrant. Fully hardy. Needs sun and Has small, ovate, deep green leaves. Bears ‘Katherine Havemeyer’; illus. p.115) has
deep, fertile, well-drained, preferably dense panicles of fragrant, tubular, single, double, lavender-purple, then lavender-
Synadenium grantii of gardens alkaline soil. Obtain plants on their own lilac-pink flowers in late spring and early pink flowers in dense, conical panicles.
‘Rubrum’. See Euphorbia roots, since grafted plants usually sucker summer. Z3–7 ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’ (syn. S.v. Beauty of
bicompacta var. rubra. freely. Remove flower heads from newly S. ‘Michel Buchner’. See S. vulgaris Moscow) is upright, with pearly pink buds
planted lilacs, and deadhead for first few ‘Michel Buchner’. opening to double, white flowers, shaded
SYNGONIUM years. Cut out weak shoots in winter and, S. microphylla. See S. pubescens pale lavender. ‘Madame Antoine
to maintain shape, prune after flowering. subsp. microphylla. Buchner’ (syn. S. ‘Madame Antoine
ARACEAE Straggly, old plants may be cut back hard S. ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’. See Buchner’) bears long, narrow panicles of
in winter, but the next season’s flowers S. vulgaris ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’. deep purple-red buds, which open to
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, will then be lost. Propagate by softwood S. palibiniana of gardens. See S. meyeri double, pinkish-mauve flowers, fading
root climbers, grown for their ornamental cuttings in summer. Leaf miners, leaf spot ‘Palibin’. with age. ‘Madame Florent Stepman’
foliage. Flowers are seldom produced in and lilac blight may be troublesome. S. ‘Paul Thirion’. See S. vulgaris (syn. S. ‘Madame Florent Stepman’) illus
cultivation. Frost hardy to frost tender. See also feature panel p.115. ‘Paul Thirion’. p.113. ‘Madame Lemoine’ (syn.
Requires partial shade and humus-rich, S. ‘Belle de Nancy’. See S. vulgaris S. x persica (Persian lilac; illus. p.115). S. ‘Madame Lemoine’; illus. p.115.) bears
well-drained soil. Water moderately, less ‘Belle de Nancy’. Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and S 6ft compact panicles of large, double, white
when temperatures are low. Provide S. ‘Bellicent’. See S. x josiflexa ‘Bellicent’. (2m). In late spring, bears small, dense flowers. ‘Maréchal Foch’ (syn. S.
support, ideally with moss poles. Remove S. ‘Charles Joly’. See S. vulgaris panicles of scented, purple flowers. Dark ‘Maréchal Foch’) has broad, open panicles
stem tips to promote branching. Propagate ‘Charles Joly’. green leaves are lance-shaped, sometimes of very large, single, carmine-pink flowers.
by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings in summer. S. x chinensis (Rouen lilac). Deciduous, 3-lobed. Z3–7. ‘Masséna’ (syn. S. ‘Masséna’) bears loose
tAll parts may cause mild stomach upset arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears ‘Alba’ (illus. p.115) has white flowers. panicles of large, deep red-purple flowers.
if ingested; contact with the sap may large, arching panicles of fragrant, tubular, S. ‘Président Grévy’. See S. vulgaris ‘Maud Notcutt’ (syn. S. ‘Maud Notcutt’)
irritate skin. single, lilac-purple flowers in late spring. ‘Président Grévy’. produces large panicles of single, pure
S. auritum, syn. Philodendron auritum Ovate leaves are dark green. Z3–7. ‘Alba’ S. x prestoniae ‘Elinor’. Vigorous, white flowers. ‘Michel Buchner’ (syn. S.
of gardens P. trifoliatum, (Five fingers). has white flowers. deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 12ft ‘Michel Buchner’) has large panicles of
Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, woody- S. ‘Congo’. See S. vulgaris ‘Congo’. (4m). Has large, nodding panicles of double, pink-lilac flowers, each with a
stemmed, root climber. H 3–6ft (1–2m). S. ‘Decaisne’. See S. vulgaris ‘Decaisne’. fragrant, tubular, single, pale lavender- white eye. ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’ (syn.
Has glossy, rich green leaves divided into S. emodi (Himalayan lilac). Vigorous, blue flowers from purple buds in early S. ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’) has large
3, sometimes 5, ovate leaflets, the central deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), summer, and large, ovate, dark green panicles of double or semidouble, purple-
one the largest. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) S 12ft (4m). Produces large, upright leaves. Z3–7 red flowers that fade to pink. ‘Paul
S. erythrophyllum. Slow-growing, panicles of unpleasantly scented, tubular, S. ‘Primrose’. See S. vulgaris ‘Primrose’. Thirion’ (syn. S. ‘Paul Thirion’) bears
evergreen, root climber with slender, single, very pale lilac flowers in early S. pubescens subsp. microphylla, double lilac-pink flowers that open from
woody stems. H 3ft (1m) or more. Young summer. Has large, elliptic-oblong, dark syn. S. microphylla. Deciduous, bushy deep purple-red buds. ‘Président Grévy’
plants have arrowhead-shaped leaves, green leaves. Z7–8 shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Small panicles of (syn. S. ‘Président Grévy’) bears very large
flushed purple beneath. Leaves on mature S. ‘Esther Staley’. See S. x hyacinthiflora very fragrant, tubular, single, pink flowers panicles of double, lilac-blue flowers that
plants have 3 lobes or leaflets and thicker, ‘Esther Staley’. are borne in early summer, often again in open from red-violet buds. ‘Primrose’
longer stems. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) S. x hyacinthiflora ‘Esther Staley’ fall, amid lance-shaped to ovate, mid- (syn. S. ‘Primrose’) produces small, dense
S. hoffmannii. Moderately vigorous, (syn. S. ‘Esther Staley’). Vigorous, green leaves. H6. subsp. microphylla panicles of pale yellow flowers.
evergreen, woody-stemmed, root climber. deciduous, spreading shrub, upright when ‘Superba’ (illus. p.115). subsp. patula ‘Sensation’ has very distinctive, single,
H 6–10ft (2–3m). Young plants have young. H and S 15ft (5m). Has broadly ‘Miss Kim’ (illus. p.115) bears purple purple flowers edged white.
arrowhead-shaped leaves; mature ones heart-shaped leaves, bronze when young, flowers maturing to bluish-white.
have leaves divided into 3 gray-green often purple in fall. In mid- and late spring, S. reticulata. Deciduous, broadly conical SYZYGIUM
leaflets with silvery-white veins. bears fragrant, broadly conical panicles of tree or shrub. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m).
Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) red buds opening to lilac-pink flowers. Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single, MYRTACEAE
S. podophyllum, syn. Nephthytis Z3–8. ‘Maiden’s Blush’ produces large creamy-white flowers open above lance-
triphylla of gardens, illus. p.463. ‘Trileaf panicles of fragrant, single mid-pink shaped to ovate, bright green leaves from Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Wonder’ illus. p.460. flowers from darker buds in spring. One of early to midsummer. Z3–7 grown for their overall appearance.
the best pink lilacs. S. ‘Souvenir de Louis Spaeth’. See Frost hardy to frost tender. Prefers full
Synnotia. See Sparaxis. ‘Pocahontas’ has single, purple-pink S. vulgaris ‘Andenken an Ludwig Spaeth’. light (but tolerates some shade) and fertile,
flowers. S. velutina of gardens. See S. meyeri well-drained soil. Water containerized
SYNTHYRIS S. x josiflexa ‘Bellicent’, syn. ‘Palibin’. plants freely when in full growth,
S. ‘Bellicent’. Deciduous, upright, then S. vulgaris ‘Andenken an Ludwig moderately at other times. Very tolerant
PLANTAGINACEAE arching shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m). Späth’, syn. S. ‘Souvenir de Louis Späth’ of pruning, but is best grown naturally.
Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single, (illus. p.115). Deciduous, upright, then Propagate by seed in spring or semiripe
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, clear pink flowers are borne above ovate, spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Long, cuttings in summer.
spring-flowering perennials with gently dark green leaves in late spring and early slender panicles of fragrant, tubular, S. paniculatum, syn. Eugenia australis
spreading, rhizomatous rootstocks. Useful summer. Z3–8 single, deep purplish-red flowers are of gardens, E. paniculata (Australian brush
for rock gardens and peat beds. Fully S. ‘Katherine Havemeyer’. See borne profusely above heart-shaped, cherry), illus. p.450.
hardy. Prefers a position in partial shade S. vulgaris ‘Katherine Havemeyer’. dark green leaves in late spring. Z3–7.
and moist soil. Propagate in late spring by S. komarowii subsp. reflexa Beauty of Moscow see S.v. ‘rasavitsa 711
seed or division. (illus. p.115). Vigorous, upright shrub. Moskvy’. ‘Belle de Nancy’ (syn. S. ‘Belle
S. missurica subsp. stellata, syn. H and S 12ft (4m). Stout stems have de Nancy’) has large, dense panicles of
S. stellata, illus. p.355. elliptic–oblong, dark green leaves. In late double, mauve-pink flowers, which open
S. reniformis. Evergreen, clump-forming spring and early summer, bears slender, from purple-red buds. ‘Charles Joly’
perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 6in (15cm). nodding panicles of rich purple-pink
Has kidney-shaped to rounded, toothed, flowers. Z3–7
T pinnate leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, with across. Drought resistant and suitable TAMARIX
lance-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped, for cutting. Z10–11
TABEBUIA toothed leaflets, to 11⁄4in (3cm) long. T. Gem Series. Signet marigolds. Tamarisk
Solitary, usually double flower heads, H to 9in (23cm). Produce flower heads
BIGNONIACEAE typically to 2in (5cm) across, with few in lemon-yellow, deep orange, or bright TAMARICACEAE
to many red-brown, yellow, orange, or orange with darker markings. Z10–11.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly parti-colored ray-florets and usually ‘Lemon Gem’ produces lemon-yellow Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
spring-flowering trees and shrubs, grown several disk-florets, are borne singly flower heads. ‘Tangerine Gem’ illus. grown for their foliage, habit and racemes
for their foliage, although flowers may or in cymelike inflorescences from late p.326. of small flowers. In mild areas is very
form once plants reach about 10ft (3m) tall. spring to fall. S to 1ft (30cm). T. Gold Coins Series illus. p.320. wind-resistant and thrives in exposed,
Frost tender. Requires full light and fertile, T. ‘Lemon Zest’. French marigold. coastal positions, making excellent hedges.
well-drained, but not dry soil. Container- Afro-French marigolds (Afro-French H 9in (23cm). Bears anemone-type, pale Fully hardy. Requires sun and fertile, well-
grown plants are unlikely to flower. Group) lemon-yellow flower heads. Z10–11 drained soil. Cut back in spring. Propagate
Pruning, other than shaping while young Bushy annuals, derived from crosses of T. Marvel Series. Compact African by semiripe cuttings in summer or by
in fall, is not needed. Propagate by seed T. erecta and T. patula, with angular to marigolds. H 11⁄2ft (45cm). Produce densely hardwood cuttings in winter.
or air-layering in spring, or by semiripe rounded stems, branched and sometimes double flower heads in gold, orange, T. gallica. Deciduous, spreading shrub
cuttings in summer. stained purple, and pinnate leaves, yellow, lemon-yellow or in a formula or tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Purple,
T. chrysantha (Golden trumpet tree) illus. 2–5in (5–13cm) long, with lance-shaped mixture of colors, from late spring to early young shoots are clothed with tiny,
p.452. leaflets, to 2in (5cm) long. Numerous small, fall. Z10–11 scalelike, blue-gray leaves. Star-shaped,
T. pentaphylla of gardens. See T. rosea. single or double, yellow or orange flower T. Pascal Mixed. Compact, bushy pink flowers are borne in slender racemes
T. rosea, syn. T. pentaphylla of gardens heads, usually 1–21⁄2in (2.5–6cm) across, French marigolds. H 8–12in (20–30cm), in summer. Z4–8
(Pink trumpet tree). Fast-growing, often marked red-brown, are produced S 10in (25cm). From late spring to early T. pentandra. See T. ramosissima.
evergreen, broadly upright tree with a singly or in cymelike inflorescences from fall, produce single flower heads, 11⁄4–11⁄2in T. ramosissima, syn. T. pentandra,
long, smooth trunk, branching near the late spring to fall. S 12–16in (30–40cm). (3–4cm) across, in shades of yellow, red, illus. p.114. ‘Pink Cascade’ is a graceful
top; deciduous in cool climates. H and and orange, some flowers combining 2 shrub or small tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Has
S 50ft (15m) or more. Leaves have 5 ovate Signet marigolds (Signet Group) colors. Z10–11 arching, red-brown shoots and pointed
leaflets. In spring, bears terminal clusters Upright annuals, derived from T. tenuifolia, T. patula (French marigold). Fast- leaves. In late summer and early fall, rich
of trumpet-shaped, rose- to lavender-pink with cylindrical, simple or many-branched growing, bushy annual. H and S to 1ft (30cm). pink flowers are borne in dense racemes
or white flowers, with yellow throats. stems and pinnate leaves, 2–5in (5–13cm) Has deeply divided, aromatic, deep green on the new shoots. Z3–8
Z11–12 (min. 50–59°F/10–15°C) long, with narrowly lance-shaped, toothed leaves. Single or carnationlike, double
leaflets, to 3⁄4in (2cm) long. Many single flower heads, in shades of yellow, orange, TANACETUM
Tacitus bellus. flower heads, usually to 1in (2.5cm) across, red or mahogany, are borne in summer
See Graptopetalum bellum. with yellow or orange florets (few ray- and early fall. Z10–11 syn. PYRETHRUM
florets and several disk-florets), are borne T. ‘Strawberry Blonde’. Bushy,
TAGETES in cymelike inflorescences from late spring vigorous French marigold. H 10–12in ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
to fall. S to 16in (40cm). (25–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). From late
T ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE spring to early fall, produces double flower Genus of annuals and perennials, some of
Genus of annuals and herbaceous T. Bonanza Series. French marigolds. heads, to 2in (5cm) across, that change which are evergreen, often with aromatic
perennials that flower continuously H 1ft (30cm). In summer, they produce color as they age, combining shades of foliage, grown for their daisylike flower
throughout summer and until the fall double, deep orange-mahogany flower rose red, yellow, and peach pink. Z10–11 heads. Fully to frost hardy. Grow in sun
frosts. Useful as bedding plants and for heads, with gold margins, golden orange- T. Taishan Series. Compact, upright and in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
edging. All are also good in containers mahogany, or orange-yellow-mahogany. African marigolds. H 1ft (30cm), S 10in by division in spring. tContact with the
and many provide long-lasting cut flowers. Z10–11 (25cm). Produce dense, rain-resistant, foliage may aggravate skin allergies.
Half hardy. Grow in sun and in fertile, T. Boy Series Compact French yellow, golden yellow or orange flower T. parthenium will self-seed freely.
well-drained soil. Deadhead to ensure marigolds. H 8–12in (20–30cm). Have heads. Z10–11 T. argenteum, syn. Achillea argentea,
a long flowering period. Propagate by divided, mid-green leaves and bear T. ‘Vanilla’. See T. erecta ‘Vanilla’. illus. p.346.
seed sown under glass in mid-spring. double, crested flower heads in shades T. Zenith Extra Series. Vigorous, T. coccineum, syn. Chrysanthemum
Prone to slugs, snails, and botrytis. of orange, yellow, gold, mahogany red strongly branching triploid marigolds, coccineum, Pyrethrum coccineum,
African marigolds are excellent for formal and yellow, with mahogany brown produced from a cross between African/ Pyrethrum roseum (Pyrethrum). ‘Brenda’
bedding, whereas French, Afro-French centers, from late spring to summer. American and French types. H 1ft (30cm). (syn. Pyrethrum ‘Brenda’) is an erect
and Signet marigolds are more suitable Z10–11. [Orange] illus. p.324. Bear a profusion of double, yellow, orange, perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm) or
for the edge of a mixed border. All are T. ‘Cinnabar’ illus. p.308. or red flower heads from late spring to more. Has somewhat aromatic, feathery
good in containers and provide long- T. Durango Series. French marigolds. early fall. Z10–11 leaves. Single, magenta-pink flower heads
lasting cut flowers. tContact with the H 8–10in (20–25cm). Well-branched are borne in late spring and early summer.
foliage may aggravate skin allergies. stems produce a profusion of anemone- Talbotia elegans. See Vellozia elegans. Z3–7. ‘Eileen May Robinson’ illus.
There are 4 main hybrid groups, which type flower heads in gold, orange, p.232. ‘James Kelway’ has deep crimson
are cultivated for garden use: mahogany-red, tangerine or yellow, TALINUM flower heads aging to pink.
plus 3 bicolors. Z10–11 T. densum subsp. amani, syn.
African marigolds (African Group) T. erecta (African marigold, Aztec PORTULACACEAE Chrysanthemum densum, illus. p.347.
Also sometimes known as American marigold). Fast-growing, upright, bushy T. haradjanii, syn. Chrysanthemum
marigiolds. Compact annuals, derived annual. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30– Genus of summer-flowering annuals, haradjanii. Evergreen, mat-forming,
from T. erecta, with angular, hairless stems 45cm). Has deeply divided, aromatic, biennials, and perennials, some of which woody-based perennial with a tap root.
and pinnate, sparsely glandular leaves, glossy, deep green leaves. Daisylike, are evergreen, grown for their flowers H and S 9–15in (23–38cm). Has broadly
2–4in (5–10cm) long, each with 11–17 double flower heads, 2in (5cm) across, and succulent foliage. Useful for rock lance-shaped, much-divided, silvery-gray
narrowly lance-shaped, pointed, sharply are borne in summer and early fall. gardens, troughs, and alpine houses and leaves and, in summer, terminal clusters of
toothed leaflets, to 2in (5cm) long. Large, Z10–11. ‘Vanilla’ (syn. T. ‘Vanilla’), H to as potted plants. Fully hardy to frost bright yellow flower heads. Useful for a
densely double, pomponlike, terminal 14in (35cm), has creamy-white flower tender. Needs sun and gritty, not too rock garden or an alpine house. Z3–7
flower heads, usually to 5in (12cm) across, heads from late spring to early fall. dry, well-drained soil. Propagate by T. partheniu, syn. Chrysanthemum
each with 5–8 or more ray-florets and T. ‘Fireball’. Compact French marigold. seed in fall. parthenium, Pyrethrum parthenium
numerous orange to yellow disc-florets, H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). T. sediforme. syn. T. okanoganense, (Feverfew), illus. p.300. ‘Aureum’ is a
are produced from late spring to fall. S to From late spring to early fall, fully double Phemeranthus sediformis. Cushion-or short-lived, bushy perennial, grown as
11⁄2ft (45cm). flower heads open deep red, turn bronze, mat-forming, prostrate perennial. H to an annual. H and S 8–18in (20–45cm). Has
then age to rust orange, all colors borne 11⁄2in (4cm), S to 4in (10cm). Succulent ovate, lobed, aromatic, green-gold leaves
712 French marigolds (French Group) simultaneously. Z10–11 stems produce tufts of cylindrical, and, in summer and early fall, daisylike,
Compact annuals, derived from T. patula, T. ‘Garland Orange’. Vigorous African succulent, grayish-green leaves. Tiny, white flower heads. Z3–7
with hairless, purple-tinged stems and marigold. H 3–4½ft (90–130cm), S 2ft cup-shaped, white flowers are borne in
(60cm). From early to late summer, strong, summer. Excellent for cultivating in a TANAKAEA
upright stems bear fully double, deep trough or alpine house. H5
orange flower heads, 3½–4½in (9–11cm) SAXIFRAGACEAE
Genus of one species of evergreen,
spreading perennial, grown for its foliage
and flowers. Suitable for rock gardens and
TETRACENTRON
woodland. Fully hardy. Needs partial T.b. ‘Fastigiata’, but has gold-variegated T. speciosa. Strong-growing, evergreen, Propagate by seed in spring or by layering
shade and moist, humus-rich, peaty soil. leaves. ‘Lutea’ (Yellow-berried yew) illus. twining climber. H to 30ft (10m) or more. in winter.
Propagate by runners in spring. p.102. ‘Repandens’, H 2ft (60cm), S 15ft Has pinnate leaves with 3 or 5 ovate, thick T. speciosissima (Waratah) illus. p.137.
T. radicans. Evergreen, dense, basal- (5m), is a spreading form. lustrous, deep green leaflets. Bears dense T. truncata (Tasmanian waratah)
rosetted perennial. H 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm), ‘Semperaurea’, H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m), clusters of foxglovelike, fleshy-textured, illus. p.123.
S 8in (20cm). Leaves are narrowly ovate has ascending branches with dense, cream flowers, tinged green, in fall. Z11–12
to heart-shaped, leathery, and mid- to golden foliage. (min. 55–59°F/13–15°C) TEMPLETONIA
dark green. Bears small panicles of tiny, T. cuspidata (Japanese yew) illus. p.104.
outward-facing, star-shaped, white ‘Aurescens’ is a spreading, bushy, TECOPHILAEA PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
flowers in late spring. Z6–8 dwarf conifer. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m).
Hardier than T. baccata forms. Needlelike, TECOPHILAEACEAE/LILIACEAE Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
TAPEINOCHILOS flattened leaves are deep golden-yellow in their flowers. Frost tender. Prefers full
their first year and mature to dark green. Genus of spring-flowering corms, rare light and freely draining, alkaline soil.
COSTACEAE/ZINGIBERACEAE ‘Capitata’, H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m), is in cultivation, grown for their beautiful Water potted specimens moderately,
upright in habit. ‘Densa’, H 4ft (1.2m), flowers. Frost hardy, but because of rarity, less in winter. Propagate by seed in spring
Genus of mostly evergreen perennials, S 20ft (6m), is a female form with short, usually grown in a cold frame or cold or by semiripe cuttings taken in summer.
grown for their colorful, leaflike bracts. erect shoots. Z4–7 greenhouse. Needs sun and well-drained T. retusa (Coral bush). Evergreen, erect,
Frost tender. Needs high humidity, partial T. x media. Dense conifer that is very soil. Water in winter and spring. Keep irregularly branched shrub. H 6ft (2m),
shade, and humus-rich soil. Not easy to variably shaped. H and S 10–20ft (3–6m). corms dry, but not sunbaked, from early S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Has ovate to elliptic,
grow successfully in pots. Propagate by Has needlelike, flattened leaves, spreading summer to fall, then replant. Propagate in leathery, bluish-green leaves. Pealike,
division in spring. Red spider mite may either side of olive-green shoots. Leaves fall by seed or offsets. red flowers, sometimes pink or cream,
be a problem with container-grown plants. are stiff, broad, and widen abruptly at T. cyanocrocus (Chilean blue crocus) are produced in spring–summer. Z10–12
T. ananassae. Evergreen, tufted the base. Fruits are similar to those of illus. p.420. var. leichtlinii (syn. (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C)
perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). T. baccata. Z4–7. ‘Brownii’, H 8ft (2.5m), T.c. ‘Leichtlinii’) illus. p.420.
Non-flowering stems are erect and S 11ft (3.5m), is a dense, globose form with TERMINALIA T
unbranched, with narrowly obovate, dark green foliage. ‘Densiformis’, Telanthophora grandifolia.
long-pointed leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. H 6–10ft (2–3m), is dense and rounded, See Senecio grandifolius. COMBRETACEAE
Flowering stems are leafless, to over with a mass of shoots that have bright
3ft (1m) long, and, in summer, bear ovoid, green leaves. ‘Hicksii’, H to 20ft (6m), is TELEKIA Genus of deciduous and evergreen trees,
dense spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, columnar and has ascending branches. grown for their overall appearance, edible
of small, tubular, yellow flowers. Showy, Male and female forms exist. ‘Hillii’, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE seeds (nuts), and for shade. Frost tender.
recurved, hard, scarlet bracts enclose and H and S 10ft (3m), is a broadly conical to Requires full light and well-drained soil.
almost hide flowers. Z12 (min. 68°F/20°C) rounded, dense bush with glossy, green Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Water potted specimens moderately,
leaves. ‘Wardii’, H 6ft (2m), S 20ft (6m), grown for their bold foliage and large scarcely at all when temperatures are low.
TASMANNIA is a flat, globose, female form. flower heads. Fully hardy. Grows in sun Pruning is seldom necessary. Propagate by
or shade and in moist soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
WINTERACEAE TECOMA division in spring or by seed in fall. T. catappa (Indian almond, Tropical
T. speciosa, syn. Buphthalmum almond). Evergreen, rounded tree. H and
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, syn. TECOMARIA speciosum. Upright, spreading perennial. S 50ft (15m) or more. Has broadly ovate,
grown for their aromatic leaves and star- H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Mid- lustrous, green leaves at stem tips. Small,
shaped flowers. Frost hardy. Needs sun BIGNONIACEAE green leaves are heart-shaped at base greenish-white flowers are borne in
or partial shade and fertile, moist but well- of plant, ovate on stems. In late summer, spring, followed by flattened ovoid, keeled,
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe Genus of mainly evergreen climbers, branched stems bear large, daisylike, green to red fruits, each with an edible
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. shrubs, and trees, grown for their flowers rich gold flower heads. Ideal for a pool seed. Z11–12 (min. 55–59°F/13–15°C)
T. lanceolata, syn. Drimys aromatica, from spring to fall. Frost tender. Prefers side or woodland. Z3–7
D. lanceolata (Mountain pepper), moist but well-drained soil and full light. TERNSTROEMIA
illus. p.197. Water potted specimens moderately, and Telesonix jamesii.
hardly at all in winter. May be pruned See Boykinia jamesii. PENTAPHYLLACACEAE
TAXODIUM annually after flowering to maintain as a
shrub. Propagate by seed in spring or by TELLIMA Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
TAXODIACEAE semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider grown for their overall appearance. Frost
mite may be troublesome. SAXIFRAGACEAE hardy to frost tender. Requires full sun
See also CONIFERS. T. australis. See Pandorea pandorana. or partial shade and humus-rich, well-
T. distichum (Swamp cypress) illus. p.99. T. capensis, syn. Bignonia capensis, Genus of one species of semievergreen, drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
Tecomaria capensis (Cape honeysuckle). late spring-flowering perennial. Provides containerized specimens copiously when
TAXUS Evergreen, scrambling climber, shrublike good groundcover and is ideal for cool, in full growth, moderately at other times.
when young. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves have partial shaded woodland gardens and Prune in spring. Propagate by seed when
TAXACEAE 5–9 rounded, serrated, glossy, dark green beneath shrubs in sunny borders. Fully ripe or in spring, or take semiripe cuttings
leaflets. Tubular, orange-red flowers are hardy. Grows in any well-drained soil. in late summer.
tAll parts (but not the seed coating) borne in short spikes, in spring–summer. Propagate by division in spring or by T. gymnanthera, syn. T. japonica.
are highly toxic if ingested. See also Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C). ‘Aurea’ (syn. seed in fall. Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H and
CONIFERS. Tecomaria capensis ‘Aurea’) illus. p.464. T. grandiflora (Fringecups). Semi- S 6ft (2m). Ovate leaves are lustrous, mid-
T. baccata (Yew). Slow-growing conifer T. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora. evergreen, rosette-forming perennial. to deep green. In summer, pendent,
with a broadly conical, later dome-shaped T. radicans. See Campsis radicans. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has heart-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers are borne singly
crown. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 15–30ft T. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana. toothed, hairy, purple-tinted, bright green from leaf axils. Pea-sized, berrylike, bright
(5–10m) Needlelike, flattened leaves are T. stans, syn. Bignonia stans, Stenolobium leaves. Bears racemes of small, bell- red fruits are produced in fall. Z7–10.
dark green. Female plants bear cup-shaped, stans (Yellow bells, Yellow elder), illus. shaped, fringed, cream flowers, well Leaves of ‘Variegata’ are white-bordered
fleshy, bright red fruits; only the red part, p.452. above foliage, in late spring. Z4–7. Rubra with a pink tinge.
not the seed, is edible. Will regrow if cut Group (syn. T.g. ‘Purpurea’, T.g. ‘Rubra T. japonica. See T. gymnanthera.
back. The following forms are H 20–30ft TECOMANTHE Group’) illus. p.279.
(6–10m), S 15–25ft (5–8m) unless otherwise Testudinaria elephantipes.
stated. Z5–7. ‘Adpressa’ is a shrubby, BIGNONIACEAE TELOPEA See Dioscorea elephantipes.
female form with short, broad leaves.
Aurea Group (syn. T.b. ‘Aurea’) has Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, PROTEACEAE TETRACENTRON 713
golden-yellow foliage. ‘Dovastoniana’ grown for their flowers. Frost tender.
is spreading, with weeping branchlets. Needs humus-rich, well-drained soil and Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, TROCHODENDRACEAE
‘Dovastonii Aurea’ (illus. p.105) is light shade in summer. Water freely when grown mainly for their flower heads.
similar to T.b. ‘Dovastoniana’, but has in full growth, less at other times. Provide Frost hardy to frost tender. Requires full Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
golden shoots and yellow-margined stems with support. Thin out crowded sun or partial shade and humus-rich, moist grown for its foliage and catkins. Fully
leaves. ‘Fastigiata’ (Irish yew) illus. stems in spring. Propagate by seed in but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. hardy. Needs sun or partial shade and
p.101. Fastigiata Aurea Group (syn. spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Water containerized plants freely when fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
T.b. ‘Fastigiata Aurea’) is similar to in full growth, moderately at other times. seed in fall.
TETRACENTRON
T. sinense. Deciduous, spreading tree shrubs and subshrubs by softwood or tinged with age. Bears large panicles of T. macdowellii, syn. Echinomastus
with a graceful habit. H and S 30ft (10m) or semiripe cuttings in summer, perennials by nodding, lilac flowers, with 4 or 5 sepals macdowellii, Neolloydia macdowelli.
more. Bears ovate, finely toothed, dark seed, or division in spring. and prominent, yellow stamens, from mid- Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 6in
green leaves and long, slender, yellow T. aroanium. Evergreen, procumbent, to late summer. Z4–7. ‘Hewitt’s Double’ (15cm). Has a tuberculate, dark green stem
catkins in early summer. Z6–7 much-branched subshrub. H 1in (2.5cm), illus. p.220. Splendide White densely covered with white spines, to 11⁄4in
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has white-haired twigs (‘Fr21034’), H 5ft (1.5m), has flowers with (3cm) long. Violet-red flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm)
TETRADIUM and oblong to ovate, slightly hairy leaves, creamy-yellow stamens. across, are borne in spring–summer.
which are densely hairy below. Whorls of T. diffusiflorum. Clump-forming Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
syn. EUODIA, EVODIA small, tubular, 2-lipped, purple flowers are perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). T. setispinus, syn. Ferocactus setispinus,
borne in summer. Good for a trough. Z9–11 Has much-divided, pinnate, basal, grayish- illus. p.495.
RUTACEAE T. fruticans (Shrubby germander, Tree green leaves, with almost circular leaflets.
germander). ‘Azureum’ is an evergreen, In summer, bears loose panicles of fluffy THELYPTERIS
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m). Has flowers with mauve petals and much
and shrubs, grown for their foliage, late ovate, aromatic, gray-green leaves, white shorter, pendent yellow stamens. Prefers THELYPTERIDACEAE
flowers, and fruits. Fully hardy to frost beneath. In summer, bears tubular, 2-lipped, cool, moist soil. Z4–7
tender. Needs full sun and fertile, well- deep blue flowers with prominent stamens. T. dipterocarpum of gardens. See Genus of deciduous ferns. Fully to frost
drained soil. Propagate by softwood Cut out dead wood in spring. Z8–10 T. delavayi. hardy. Tolerates sun or partial shade.
cuttings in summer, by seed in fall, T. polium illus. p.366. T. ‘Elin’ illus. p.218. Grow in moist or very moist soil. Remove
or by root cuttings in late winter. T. flavum. Clump-forming perennial. fading fronds regularly. Propagate by
T. daniellii, syn. Euodia hupehensis. THALIA H 4–5ft (1.2m–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has 2- division in spring.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft or 3-pinnate, glaucous blue-green leaves. T. palustris (Marsh buckler fern, Marsh
(15m). Ashlike, dark green leaves, with MARANTACEAE In summer, bears clusters of numerous, fern) illus. p.291.
5–11 ovate to oblong leaflets, turn yellow fragrant, fluffy flowers with small, yellow
in fall. In early fall, bears small, fragrant, Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal petals and longer, erect, bright yellow THERMOPSIS
5-petaled, white flower clusters, then water plants, grown for their foliage and stamens. Z4–7. ‘Illuminator’ has pale
beaked, red-brown to black fruits. Z4–8 flowers. Frost hardy to frost tender. Needs yellow flowers and bright green foliage. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
an open, sunny position in water up to T. kiusianum. Mat-forming perennial
TETRANEMA 11⁄2ft (45cm) deep. Some species tolerate with short runners. H 3in (8cm), S 6in Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
cool water. Remove fading foliage. (15cm). Has small, fernlike, dark blue- grown for their attractive foliage and
PLANTAGINACEAE Propagate in spring by division or seed. green leaves. In summer, bears loose, few- lupinlike flowers. Fully hardy. Prefers sun
T. dealbata. Deciduous, perennial, flowered clusters of tiny, pale pinkish and rich, light soil. Propagate by division
Genus of shrubby, evergreen perennials, marginal water plant. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft mauve flowers with conspicuous stamens. in spring or by seed in fall.
grown for their trumpet-shaped flowers (60cm). Ovate, long-stalked, blue-green Thrives in a shady site in moist, peaty soil T. caroliniana. See T. villosa.
in summer. Frost tender. Grow in a light leaves have a mealy, white covering. in a rock garden, trough or alpine house. T. montana. See T. rhombifolia.
position, shaded from direct sunlight, and Spikes of narrowly tubular, violet flowers Difficult to grow in hot, dry areas. Z4–6 T. rhombifolia, syn. T. montana, illus.
in well-drained soil; avoid waterlogging in summer are followed by decorative seed T. lucidum, syn. T. angustifolium. Erect p.243.
and a humid atmosphere. Propagate by heads. Tolerates cool water. Z9–11 perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). T. villosa, syn. T. caroliniana. Scandent
division, or seed if available, in spring. T. geniculata. Deciduous, perennial, Has 2- or 3-pinnate, glossy, dark green perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 2ft (60cm).
T. mexicanum. See T. roseum. marginal water plant. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft leaves comprising numerous leaflets. Stout Bears racemes of pealike, yellow flowers in
T. roseum, syn. T. mexicanum (Mexican (60cm). Has ovate, long-stalked, blue- stems bear loose, upright panicles of fluffy, late summer. Glaucous leaves are divided
violet), illus. p.472. green leaves and, in summer, spikes of greenish-yellow flowers in summer. Z4–7 into 3 ovate leaflets. Z4–9
narrowly tubular, violet flowers. Needs a T. orientale. Spreading perennial with
T TETRAPANAX warm pool. Z10–12 (min. 41–50°F/5–10°C) short runners. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). THESPESIA
Leaves are fernlike with ovate to rounded,
ARALIACEAE THALICTRUM lobed leaflets. Produces small, saucer- MALVACEAE
shaped, blue-mauve to violet flowers,
Genus of one species of evergreen, Meadow rue with yellow stamens and large sepals, Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs and
summer- to fall-flowering shrub or small in late spring. Z6–8 trees, grown for their flowers. Frost
tree, grown for its foliage. Frost hardy. RANUNCULACEAE tender. Needs a site in full light and well-
Requires full sun or partial shade and THAMNOCALAMUS drained soil. Water potted plants freely
humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil. Genus of perennials, grown for their when in full growth, less at other times of
Water containerized specimens freely, less divided foliage and fluffy flower heads. POACEAE/GRAMINEAE the year. Prune in early spring to maintain
in winter. Leggy stems may be cut back to Flowers lack petals, but have prominent as a shrub. Propagate by seed in spring or
near ground level in winter. Propagate by tufts of stamens and 4 or 5 sepals, which See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
suckers or seed in early spring. Severe rapidly fall. Does well at edges of and SEDGES. and red spider mite may be a nuisance.
frosts can cause stems to die back but they woodland gardens. Tall species and T. crassinodus var. spathiflorus ‘Kew T. populnea (Mahoe, Portia oil nut).
will regrow in spring cultivars are excellent foils in borders for Beauty’ illus. p.286. Evergreen tree, bushy when young,
T. papyrifer, syn. Fatsia papyrifera (Rice- perennials with bolder leaves and flowers. T. falconeri. See Himalayacalamus but thinning with age. H 40ft (12m) or
paper plant), illus. p.120. Fully hardy to frost tender. Requires sun falconeri. more, S 10–20ft (3–6m). Leaves are heart-
or light shade. Grows in any well-drained T. spathaceus of gardens. See shaped. Intermittently, or all year round
TETRASTIGMA soil, although some species prefer cool, Fargesia murieliae. if temperatures are sufficiently high,
moist conditions. Propagate by seed when bears cup-shaped, yellow flowers, each
VITACEAE fresh, in fall, or by division in spring. THELOCACTUS with a maroon eye, that age to purple.
T. aquilegiifolium illus. p.239. ‘Album’, Grows well in coastal gardens. Z11–12
Genus of evergreen and deciduous, is an erect, clump-forming perennial. CACTACEAE (min. 55–59°F/13–15°C)
woody-stemmed, tendril climbers, grown H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has 2- or
for their handsome leaves. Frost tender. 3-pinnate, grayish-green leaves with Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial THEVETIA
Grow in any fertile, well-drained soil, with wavy-margined leaflets. In summer, bears cacti with ribbed or tuberculate stems.
shade in summer. Water freely while in dense, terminal panicles of fluffy, white Elongated areoles in crowns produce APOCYNACEAE
active growth, less in winter. Provide flowers on erect stems. Z5–8. funnel-shaped flowers. Frost tender.
stems with support; cut out crowded stems ‘Thundercloud’ illus. p.233. Requires sun and well-drained soil. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
in spring. Propagate by layering in spring T. chelidonii. Clump-forming perennial. Propagate by seed in spring or summer. grown for their flowers from winter
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has finely T. bicolor illus. p.484. to summer. Related to Frangipani. Frost
T. voinierianum, syn. Cissus voinieriana divided, pinnate, mid-green leaves and, in T. leucacanthus. Clump-forming, tender. Needs full light and well-drained
(Chestnut vine), illus. p.463. summer, bears panicles of fluffy, 4- or 5- perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 1ft (30cm). soil. Water containerized specimens
sepaled, mauve flowers. Prefers cool soil Spherical to columnar, green stem has moderately, less in winter. Young stems
714 TEUCRIUM that does not dry out. Z5–8 8–13 tuberculate ribs. Areoles bear may be tip pruned in winter to promote
T. delavayi, syn. T. dipterocarpum of up to 20 short, golden spines and yellow branching. Propagate by seed in spring
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE gardens. Elegant, clump-forming perennial. flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in summer. or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2ft (60cm). Finely divided, Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) tThe seeds are highly toxic if ingested.
Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, pinnate leaves and stems become purple Milky sap is also poisonous.
subshrubs, and perennials, grown for their T. neriifolia. See T. peruviana.
flowers, foliage (sometimes aromatic) or
habit. Fully to frost hardy. Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
TIBOUCHINA
T. peruviana, syn. T. neriifolia (Yellow is a dwarf, spherical shrub, with bright T. alata (Black-eyed Susan) illus. p.207. crushed. Produces terminal clusters of
oleander). Evergreen, erect tree. H 6–25ft golden-yellow leaves. ‘Hetz Midget’, ‘African Sunset’ is a vigorous twining small, 2-lipped, lilac flowers in summer.
(2–8m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). Has narrow, lance- H and S 20in (50cm), growing only 1in climber, usually grown as an annual. Cut back in spring. Z4–8. ‘Bertram
shaped, rich green leaves and funnel- (2.5cm) each year, is a globose, dwarf form H 6ft (2m). In early summer to early fall, Anderson’ has gray-green leaves,
shaped, yellow or orange-yellow flowers with blue-green foliage. ‘Holmstrup’, bears rounded flowers in red, orange, strongly suffused yellow.
from winter to summer. Z11–12 H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 3ft (1m), is a slow- pink, cream, and yellow, with dark brown T. serpyllum. Evergreen, mat-forming
(min. 55–59°F/13–15°C) growing, dense, conical bush with centers. Individual flowers change color as subshrub. H 10in (25cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
vertical sprays of rich green foliage. they age. Suits a hanging basket. Z10–12 Finely hairy, trailing stems bear linear to
THLADIANTHA ‘Lutea Nana’, H 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), (min. 45–50ºF/7–10ºC) elliptic to ovate, mid-green leaves. Whorls
is a dwarf form with golden-yellow foliage. T. coccinea. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, of 2-lipped, purple flowers are borne in
CUCURBITACEAE ‘Rheingold’, H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6–12ft perennial, twining climber with narrowly summer. Z4–8. ‘Annie Hall’, H 2in (5cm),
(2–4m), is slow-growing, with golden- ovate leaves. H 20ft (6m) or more. From S 8in (20cm), has pale purple-pink flowers
Genus of annual or perennial herbaceous, yellow foliage that becomes bronze in winter to spring, bears pendent racemes and light green leaves. ‘Elfin’, H 2in (5cm),
deciduous, tendril climbers, grown for winter. ‘Smaragd’, H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), of tubular, scarlet flowers. Z11–12 S 4in (10cm), bears emerald-green leaves
their bell-shaped, yellow flowers and ovate S 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), is slow-growing and (min. 50–55°F/10–13°C) in dense hummocks; occasionally bears
to heart-shaped, mid-green leaves. Fully to conical, with erect sprays of bright green T. gibsonii. See T. gregorii. purple flowers. ‘Pink Chintz’ has gray-
half hardy. Requires a sheltered position in leaves. ‘Spiralis’, H 30–50ft (10–15m), T. grandiflora (Blue trumpet vine). green leaves and flesh-pink flowers.
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. S 6–10ft (2–3m), has foliage in twisted, Evergreen, woody-stemmed, perennial, T. ‘Silver Queen’, syn. T. citriodorus
Propagate by seed sown in spring or fernlike sprays. ‘Sunkist’, H 12ft (4m), twining climber. H 20–30ft (6–10m). ‘Silver Queen’. Evergreen, rounded shrub.
by division in early spring. S 5ft (1.5m), is slow-growing and conical, Ovate leaves, 4–8in (10–20cm) long, have H to 1ft (30cm), S to 10in (25cm). Has
T. dubia illus. p.206. with golden foliage tinged purple in a few toothlike lobes. In summer, bears narrow, ovate-diamond-shaped to lance-
winter. ‘Wansdyke Silver’, H 5ft (1.5m), trumpet-shaped, pale to deep violet-blue shaped, more or less hairless, aromatic,
THLASPI S 2ft (60cm), is dwarf and conical, with flowers. Z11–12 (min. 50–55°F/10–13°C) silvery-green leaves, with creamy-white
variegated, silver-white leaves. T. gregorii, syn. T. gibsonii. Evergreen, markings. In summer, produces 2-lipped,
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE T. orientalis. See Platycladus orientalis. woody-stemmed, twining climber, usually pale lavender-pink flowers in terminal
T. plicata (Western red cedar). grown as an annual. H to 10ft (3m). clusters. Z5–8
Genus of annuals, biennials, and short- Fast-growing, conical conifer that has Triangular-ovate leaves have winged stalks.
lived perennials, some evergreen, grown great, curving branches low down. Glowing orange flowers are produced in TIARELLA T
for their flowers. Remove buds for the H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 15–25ft (5–8m), summer. Z11–12 (min. 50–55°F/10–13°C)
first 2 years, to encourage a large plant. greater if lower branches self-layer. Has T. mysorensis illus. p.464. Foamflower
Difficult to grow at low altitudes and may red-brown bark, scalelike, glossy, dark
need frequent renewal from seed. Good green leaves, which have a pineapple THYMUS SAXIFRAGACEAE
for screes and troughs. Fully hardy. Needs aroma when crushed, and erect, ovoid,
sun and moist but well-drained soil. green cones, ripening to brown. Z5–7. Thyme Genus of rhizomatous herbaceous or
Propagate by seed in fall. ‘Atrovirens’ has darker green foliage. semievergreen perennials. Excellent as
T. alpestre of gardens. See T. alpinum. ‘Aurea’ has golden-yellow foliage. LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE groundcover. Fully hardy. Tolerates deep
T. alpinum, syn. T. alpestre of gardens ‘Collyer’s Gold’, H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m), shade and prefers moist, well-drained soil.
(Alpine penny-cress). Evergreen, mat- is a dwarf form with yellow, young foliage Genus of evergreen, mat-forming and Suitable for woodland gardens. Propagate
forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in turning light green. ‘Cuprea’, H 3ft (1m), dome-shaped shrubs, subshrubs, and by division in spring. Slugs and vine
(10cm). Has small, ovate, mid-green leaves. S 21⁄2–3ft (75cm–1m), is a conical shrub woody-based perennials with aromatic weevils may be a problem.
Produces racemes of small, 4-petaled, with copper- to bronze-yellow leaves. leaves. Useful for growing on banks and T. cordifolia (Foamflower) illus. p.333.
white flowers in spring. Z5–9 ‘Hillieri’, H and S to 3ft (1m), is a slow- in rock gardens, troughs, and paving. var. collina see T. wherryi.
T. bulbosum. Clump-forming, tuberous growing, dense, rounded, dwarf shrub Commonly grown as a culinary herb, it T. ‘Iron Butterfly’. Vigorous, clump-
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). with mosslike, rich green foliage. is also suitable for containers. Fully hardy. forming, semievergreen, rhizomatous
Bears broadly ovate, glaucous leaves and, ‘Stoneham Gold’ (illus. p.105), H 3–6ft Requires sun and well-drained soil. perennial. H to 16in (40cm), S 1ft (30cm).
in summer, racemes of 4-petaled, dark (1–2m), S 3ft (1m), is a conical, dwarf form Propagate by seed in spring, or softwood Has palmate, deeply cut, bright green
violet flowers. Suits a rock garden. Z5–9 with bright gold foliage. or semiripe cuttings taken in summer. leaves, to 3in (7cm) long, marked dark
T. cepaeifolium subsp. rotundifolium, ‘Zebrina’, H 50ft (15m), has leaves T. azoricus. See T. caespititius. blackish maroon centrally along each lobe.
syn. T. rotundifolium, illus. p.352. banded with yellowish-white. T. ‘Bressingham’ illus. p.365. In spring, bears pale pinkish-white flowers
T. macrophyllum. See Pachyphragma T. caespititius, syn. T. azoricus, in bottlebrushlike racemes. Z4–9
macrophyllum. THUJOPSIS T. cilicicus, illus. p.366. T. ‘Mint Chocolate’. Clump-forming,
T. rotundifolium. See T. cepaeifolium T. x citriodorus ‘Silver Queen’. See semievergreen perennial. H 16in (40cm),
subsp. rotundifolium. CUPRESSACEAE T. ‘Silver Queen’. S 1ft (30cm). Has palmate, deeply lobed,
T. cilicicus. See T. caespititius. bright green leaves, each with a central
THUJA See also CONIFERS. T. herba-barona (Caraway thyme). lobe elongated to 3in (8cm) long; leaves
T. dolabrata (Hiba). Conical or bushy Evergreen subshrub. H in flower 2–4in are marked dark maroon-purple centrally
CUPRESSACEAE conifer with a mass of stems. H 30–70ft (5–10cm), S to 8in (20cm). Forms a loose along each lobe. In spring, bears spikes
(10–20m), S 25–30ft (8–10m). Produces mat of tiny, caraway-scented, dark green of ivory-white flowers. Z4–9
tContact with the foliage may aggravate heavy, flat sprays of scalelike leaves, leaves. In summer, small, lilac flowers are T. wherryi, syn. T. cordifolia var. collina.
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. glossy, bright green above, silvery-white borne in terminal clusters. Z4–8 Slow-growing, clump-forming perennial.
T. koraiensis (orean thuja). Upright beneath. Small, rounded cones are blue- T. micans. See T. caespititius. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Triangular,
conifer, sometimes spreading and gray. Z5–7. ‘Variegata’ produces stout, T. ‘Peter Davis’, syn. T. leucotrichus lobed, hairy, basal, green leaves, with
shrublike. H 10–30ft (3–10m), S 10–15ft hatchet-shaped leaves with irregular, of gardens, illus. p.367. heart-shaped bases, are stained dark red.
(3–5m). Scalelike foliage is bright green or creamy patches on the upper surface, T. ‘Porlock’. Evergreen, dome-shaped Bears racemes of tiny, star-shaped, soft
yellow-green above, glaucous silver silvery beneath. perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Thin pink or white flowers from late spring to
beneath, and smells of almonds if crushed. stems are covered in small, rounded to early summer. Z5–9
Z5–8 THUNBERGIA ovate, very aromatic, glossy, green leaves.
T. occidentalis (American arbor-vitae, In summer, produces clusters of small, TIBOUCHINA 715
Eastern white cedar, White cedar). ACANTHACEAE 2-lipped, pink flowers. Z5–8
Slow-growing conifer with a narrow T. pseudolanuginosus. Evergreen, MELASTOMATACEAE
crown. H 50ft (15m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Genus of annual or mainly evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 8in
Has orange-brown bark and flat sprays perennial, twining climbers, perennials (20cm) or more. Has dense mats of very Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs,
of scalelike, yellowish-green leaves, pale or and shrubs, grown for their flowers. hairy stems bearing tiny, aromatic, gray shrubs, and scandent climbers, grown for
grayish-green beneath, smelling of apples Frost tender. Any fertile, well-drained soil leaves. Produces 2-lipped, pinkish-lilac their flowers and leaves. Frost tender.
when crushed. Ovoid cones are yellow- is suitable, with full sun or light shade in flowers in leaf axils in summer. Z5–8 Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained,
green, ripening to brown. Z2–7. summer. Water freely when in full growth, T. pulegioides ‘Aureus’. Evergreen, neutral to acidic soil. Water potted
‘Danica’, H 20in (50cm), S 2ft (60cm), is a less at other times. Requires support. spreading shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 4–10in specimens freely when in full growth,
near-spherical shrub, with bright green Thin out crowded stems in early spring. (10–25cm). Tiny, rounded to ovate, golden- moderately at other times. Cut flowered
foliage borne in tightly packed sprays. Propagate by seed in spring or from yellow leaves are very fragrant when stems back to 2 pairs of buds each, in
‘Filiformis’, H 5ft (1.5m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. spring. Tip prune young plants to promote
forms a mound with pendent, whiplike branching. Propagate by greenwood or
shoots. ‘Golden Globe’, H and S 3ft (1m),
TIBOUCHINA
semiripe cuttings in late spring–summer. long teeth, are often tinged red when T. fasciculata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, TITHONIA
T. semidecandra of gardens. See young. Produces an abundance of small, epiphytic perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm)
T. urvilleana. creamy-white flowers in fall. Z7–9 or more. Has dense rosettes of narrowly ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
T. urvilleana, syn. T. semidecandra of T. mongolica (Mongolian lime). triangular, tapering, arching, mid-green
gardens (Glory bush), illus. p.457. Deciduous, spreading, graceful tree. leaves. In summer, flat spikes of tubular, Genus of annuals. Half hardy. Grow in
H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Young shoots purple-blue flowers emerge from red or sun and in fertile, well-drained soil.
TIGRIDIA are red. Heart-shaped, coarsely toothed, reddish-yellow bracts, just above leaf tips. Provide support and deadhead regularly.
glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in Bracts require strong light to develop Propagate by seed sown under glass in
syn. RIGIDELLA fall. Small, yellowish-white flowers are reddish tones. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C) late winter or early spring.
borne in summer. Z3–6 T. ionantha (Sky plant). Evergreen, T. rotundifolia (Mexican sunflower).
IRIDACEAE T. oliveri illus. p.63. clump-forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic ‘Fiesta del Sol’ Robust, bushy annual.
T. petiolaris. See T. tomentosa perennial. H and S 5in (12cm). Linear, H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has long,
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown ‘Petiolaris’. incurved, arching leaves, covered in gray entire or occasionally 3-lobed, toothed
for their highly colorful but short-lived T. ‘Petiolaris’. See T. tomentosa scales, are produced in dense rosettes; leaves, 8–30cm (3–12in) long, hairy beneath.
flowers, rather irislike in shape, with ‘Petiolaris’. the inner leaves turn red at flowering time. Bears vibrant, orange flowers from late
3 large, outer petals. Frost hardy to frost T. platyphyllos (Broad-leaved lime, Spikes of tubular, violet-blue flowers, summer to fall. ‘Torch’ illus. p.324. Z10–11
tender. Needs sun and well-drained soil, Large-leaved lime). Deciduous, spreading emerging in summer from narrow, white
with ample water in summer. Plant in tree. H 100ft (30m), S 70ft (20m). Has bracts, are borne just above foliage. TOLMIEA
spring. Lift in fall; then partially dry bulbs rounded, dark green leaves and bears Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
and store in peat or sand at 46–54°F small, dull yellowish-white flowers in T. lindenii (Blue-flowered torch; SAXIFRAGACEAE
(8–12°C). Propagate by seed in spring. midsummer. Z4–6. ‘Rubra’ (Red-twigged illus. p.471). Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
T. pavonia (Peacock flower, Tiger flower) lime) illus. p.63. epiphytic perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Genus of one species of perennial that is
illus. p.413. T. tomentosa (European white lime, Linear, pointed, channeled, arching, sometimes semievergreen and is grown
Silver lime). Deciduous, spreading tree. mid-green leaves, with red-brown lines, as groundcover. Suitable for cool
T TILIA H 80ft (25m), S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large, form dense rosettes. In summer, produces woodland gardens. Fully hardy. Prefers
rounded, sharply toothed, dark green bladelike spikes of widely pansy-shaped, a position in shade and requires well-
716 Lime, Linden above and white beneath. Very fragrant, deep blue flowers, emerging from drained, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate
small white flowers, which may be toxic sometimes pink-tinted, green bracts, by division in spring or by seed in fall.
MALVACEAE to bees, are borne in late summer. Z4–7. which are borne just above leaves. T. menziesii (Pick-a-back-plant,
‘Petiolaris’ (syn. T. petiolaris, T. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) Youth-on-age). Mat-forming perennial,
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for ‘Petiolaris’; Pendent silver lime) illus. p.64. T. recurvata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, sometimes semievergreen. H 18–24in (45–
their foliage, small, fragrant, cup-shaped T. x vulgaris. See T. x europaea. epiphytic perennial. H and S 4–8in (10– 60cm), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Young
flowers, and stately habit. Flowers attract 20cm). Has long, loose, stemlike rosettes of plantlets develop where ivy-shaped,
bees, but are toxic to them in some cases. TILLANDSIA linear, arching to recurved leaves, densely mid-green leaves join stem. Spikes
Flowers are followed by dry, nutlike fruits. covered in silvery-gray scales. In summer, of tiny, nodding, tubular to bell-shaped,
Fully hardy. Requires sun or partial shade BROMELIACEAE bears short, dense spikes of small, tubular, green and chocolate-brown flowers are
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate pale blue or pale green flowers above the borne in spring. Z7–9
species by seed in fall, selected forms and Genus of evergreen, epiphytic perennials, leaves. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
hybrids by grafting in late summer. Except often rosette-forming, some with branching T. stricta (illus. p.471). Evergreen, TOLPIS
for T. x euchlora, trees are usually attacked stems and spirally arranged leaves, all clump-forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
by aphids, which cover growth and the grown for their flowers or overall perennial. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
ground beneath with sticky honeydew. appearance. Frost tender. Requires partial Narrowly triangular, tapering, arching,
tThe nectar of shade. Provide a rooting medium of equal mid-green leaves, usually with gray scales, Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
T x europaea, T. x euchlora, T. tomentosa parts humus-rich soil and either sphagnum are produced in dense rosettes. Large, perennials. Frost hardy. Grow in sun and
and T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’ may be toxic, moss or bark. May also be grown on slabs tubular, blue flowers emerge from pendant, in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
especially to bumblebees. of bark or sections of trees. Using soft water, conelike spikes of brightred bracts, usually seed sown outdoors in spring.
T. americana (American lime, Basswood). water moderately in summer, sparingly at in summer. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C) T. barbata. Moderately fast-growing,
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), other times; spray plants grown on bark T. usneoides (Spanish moss). Evergreen, upright, branching annual. H 11⁄2–2ft (45–
S 40ft (12m). Has large, rounded, sharply or tree sections with water several times pendent, epiphytic perennial. H 3ft (1m) 60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
toothed, glossy, dark green leaves and a week from mid-spring to mid-fall. or more, S 4–8in (10–20cm). Slender, serrated, mid-green leaves. Daisylike,
produces small, yellowish-white flowers Propagate by offsets or division during branched, pendant stems bear linear, bright yellow flower heads, 1in (2.5cm)
in summer. Z2–8 spring. See also feature panel p.471. incurved leaves, densely covered in silvery- or more across, with maroon centers, are
T. cordata (Small-leaved lime). T. argentea (illus. p.471). Evergreen, white scales. Inconspicuous, tubular, produced in summer. Z3–10
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. greenish-yellow or pale blue flowers,
S 40ft (12m). Has small, glossy, dark green H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). Very narrow, hidden among foliage, are borne in TOONA
leaves and produces small, yellowish-white almost threadlike leaves, covered with summer. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
flowers in midsummer. Z3–7. white scales, are produced in dense, near- MELIACEAE
‘Greenspire’, S 25ft (8m), is very vigorous spherical rosettes, each with a fleshy, TITANOPSIS
and pyramidal in habit, even when young. bulblike base. In summer, bears small, Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
‘Winter Orange’ has red buds and loose racemes of tubular, red flowers. AIZOACEAE trees, grown for their foliage, fall color
orange young shoots in winter, and butter- Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C) and flowers. Fully hardy. Prefers full sun;
yellow fall color; stool or pollard for best T. caput-medusae. Evergreen, basal- Genus of short-stemmed, basal-rosetted, requires fertile, well-drained soil.
effect. rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and S 6in perennial succulents eventually forming Propagate by seed in fall, or root cuttings
T. x euchlora (Caucasian lime, Crimean (15cm) or more. Linear, channeled, twisted small, dense clumps. Produces 6–8 in winter.
lime). Deciduous, spreading tree with and rolled, incurved leaves, covered in opposite pairs of fleshy, triangular leaves, T. sinensis, syn. Cedrela sinensis,
lower branches that become pendent with gray scales, develop in loose rosettes that 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) long, narrow at stems illus. p.73.
age. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft (10m). Rounded, have hollow, bulblike bases. In summer, and expanding to straight tips. Frost
very glossy, deep green leaves turn yellow spikes of tubular, violet-blue flowers are tender. Requires a position in sun and TORENIA
in fall. Bears small, yellowish-white produced above the foliage. Z10–12 well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
flowers, which may be toxic to bees, in (min. 45°F/7°C) spring or summer. LINDERNIACEAE
summer. Relatively pest-free. Z3–8 T. cyanea. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, T. calcarea illus. p.496.
T. x europaea, syn. T. x vulgaris epiphytic perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). T. schwantesii. Clump-forming, perennial Genus of annuals and perennials. Frost
(Common lime). Vigorous, deciduous, Forms dense rosettes of linear, pointed, succulent. H 11⁄4in (3cm), S 4in (10cm). tender. Often grown as summer bedding.
spreading tree. H 120ft (35m), S 50ft (15m). channelled, arching, usually deep green Has a basal rosette of triangular, gray-blue Grow in partial shade and in a sheltered
Trunk develops many burs. Has rounded, leaves. In summer, broadly ovate, bladelike leaves, covered with small, wartlike, position in fertile, well-drained soil. Pinch
dark green leaves. Small, yellowish-white spikes of pansy-shaped, deep purple-blue yellow-brown tubercles. Bears daisylike, out growing shoots of young plants to
flowers, which may be toxic to bees, are flowers, emerging from pink or red bracts, light yellow flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) across, encourage a busy habit. Propagate by
borne in summer. Periodically remove are produced among foliage. Z11–12 in summer–fall. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) seed sown under glass in early spring.
shoots from burrs at base. Z3–7 (min. 50°F/10°C) T. fournieri (Wishbone flower).
T. henryana. Deciduous, spreading tree. Moderately fast-growing, erect, branching
H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly heart-shaped, annual. H 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
glossy, bright green leaves, fringed with long-stalked, serrated, light green leaves.
TRICYRTIS
In summer and early fall, bears abundant fully hardy to half hardy, but protect fully by division or seed, and frost-tender TRAPA T
lilac-blue flowers, the lower lips deep hardy species under glass in winter as they species by tip cuttings in spring, summer
purple, the throats marked yellow. Z10–12 resent damp conditions. Grow in a sunny, or fall. Hardy species are useful in shady Water chestnut 717
(min. 41°F/5°C). Moon Series Blue sheltered site in fertile, very well-drained gardens. tContact with the foliage may
Moon (‘Dantmoon’) (syn. T. Moon soil (T. asperuloides prefers lime-rich soil). cause skin irritation. LYTHRACEAE/TRAPACEAE
Series Blue Moon), H 6–8in (15–20cm), Propagate by seed in early or mid-spring T. albiflora. See T. fluminensis.
S 11⁄2ft (45cm), is dense and trailing with or by softwood cuttings in early summer. T. Andersoniana Group ‘J.C. Genus of annual floating water plants,
ovate, toothed, dark green leaves. Bears T. asperuloides, syn. Diosphaera Weguelin’, syn. T. ‘J.C. Weguelin’. Clump- grown for their foliage and flowers. Half
tubular, flared, 2-tone blue flowers with asperuloides, illus. p.369. forming perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft hardy to frost tender. Requires sun.
dark throats. T. caeruleum (Throatwort) illus. p.313. (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, fleshy, Propagate in spring from seed gathered
T. Moon Series Blue Moon green leaves, 6–12in (15–30cm) long. In in fall and stored frost-free, in water, or
(‘Dantmoon’). See T. fournieri Moon TRACHELOSPERMUM summer, produces clusters of 3-petaled, damp moss.
Series Blue Moon (‘Dantmoon’). lavender-blue flowers, 1in (2.5cm) or more T. natans (Water chestnut) illus. p.443.
APOCYNACEAE across, surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts.
TORREYA H6. ‘Osprey’ (syn. T. ‘Osprey’) illus. p.263. Trichocereus bridgesii. See
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, ‘Purple Dome’ (syn. T. ‘Purple Dome’) Echinopsis lageniformis.
TAXACEAE twining climbers with stems that exude illus. p.269.
See also CONIFERS. milky sap when cut. Frost hardy. Grow T. blossfeldiana. See T. cerinthoides. Trichocereus candicans. See
T. californica (California nutmeg) illus. in any well-drained soil and in sun or T. cerinthoides, syn. T. blossfeldiana. Echinopsis candicans.
p.101. partial shade. Propagate by seed in spring, Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),
by layering in summer, or by semiripe S indefinite. Narrowly ovate, fleshy, stem- Trichocereus spachianus. See
Tovara. See Persicaria. cuttings in late summer or fall. clasping leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are Echinopsis spachiana.
T. asiaticum illus. p.195. glossy, dark green above, purple with long,
TOWNSENDIA T. jasminoides (Confederate jasmine, white hairs below. Intermittently produces TRICHODIADEMA
Star jasmine) illus. p.195. ‘Variegatum’ clusters of tiny, pink flowers, with white
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE is a woody, evergreen, twining climber. centers, surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts. AIZOACEAE
H 10–15ft (3–5m). Has ovate, glossy, dark Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C). Leaves of
Genus of evergreen, short-lived perennials green leaves splashed and margined ‘Variegata’ have long, cream stripes. Genus of bushy, perennial succulents with
and annuals, grown for their daisylike creamy white, often suffused red and pink T. fluminensis, syn. T. albiflora woody or tuberous roots and cylindrical
flowers. Suit alpine houses, as they dislike in winter. In mid- and late summer, bears (Wandering Jew). Evergreen perennial to semi-cylindrical leaves. Frost tender.
winter wet. Fully hardy. Needs sun and cymes of pure white flowers. Z8–11 with trailing, rooting stems. H 2in (5cm), Needs a sunny position and well-drained
moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall. S to 2ft (60cm) or more. Ovate, fleshy soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings
T. grandiflora illus. p.369. TRACHYCARPUS leaves, 11⁄2in (4cm) long, that clasp the in spring or summer.
T. parryi. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, stem, are glossy green above, sometimes T. densum. Tufted, perennial succulent.
short-lived perennial. H 3–6in (7–15cm), ARECACEAE/PALMAE tinged purple below. Intermittently has H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Cylindrical, pale
S 2in (5cm). In late spring, produces clusters of tiny, white flowers enclosed in green leaves are each 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) long
daisylike, lavender or violet-blue flower Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering 2 leaflike bracts. Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5– and tipped with clusters of white bristles.
heads, with bright yellow centers, above palms, grown for their architectural habit, 7°C). ‘Albovittata’ illus. p.468. ‘Aurea’ Roots and prostrate, green stem are both
spoon-shaped leaves. Z4–8 foliage and flowers. Fully to frost hardy. (syn. T.f. ‘Variegata’) H 1ft (30cm), fleshy and form caudex. The stem tip
Needs full sun and does best if sheltered S indefinite, has striped creamy-white bears daisylike, cerise-pink flower heads,
TOXICODENDRON from strong, cold winds, especially when leaves. ‘Variegata’ see T.f. ‘Aurea’. 11⁄4in (3cm) across, in summer. Z10–12
young. Needs fertile, well-drained soil. T. ‘J.C. Weguelin’. See T. Andersoniana (min. 41°F/5°C)
ANACARDIACEAE Propagate by seed in fall or spring. Group ‘J.C. Weguelin’. T. mirabile illus. p.481.
T. fortunei (Chusan palm, Windmill palm) T. navicularis. See Callisia navicularis.
Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs, and illus. p.80. T. ‘Osprey’. See T. Andersoniana TRICHOSANTHES
woody vines, primarily grown for their T. wagnerianus. Dwarf, evergreen palm. Group ‘Osprey’.
foliage; many species have rich fall color. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has T. pallida ‘Purpurea’, syn. T.p. ‘Purple CUCURBITACEAE
Fully to frost hardy. Requires sun and well- smaller, more rigid, leathery leaves, Heart’, Setcreasea purpurea, illus. p.310.
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe on shorter stalks than T. fortunei, and the T. pexata. See T. sillamontana. Genus of annual and evergreen, perennial,
cuttings in summer, seed in fall or root segments edged with white hairs. Wind T. ‘Purple Dome’. See T. Andersoniana tendril climbers, grown for their fruits and
cuttings in winter. and drought tolerant. Z6–10 Group ‘Purple Dome’. overall appearance. Frost tender. Needs
T. succedaneum, syn. Rhus succedanea T. purpusii. See T. zebrina ‘Purpusii’. full sun or partial shade and humus-rich
(Wax tree). Deciduous, spreading tree. TRACHYMENE T. sillamontana, syn. T. pexata, soil. Water freely when in growth, less in
H and S 30ft (10m). Large, glossy, dark T. velutina, illus. p.469. cool weather. Provide support. Propagate
green leaves, each made up of 9–15 ovate APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE T. spathacea, syn. Rhoeo discolor, by seed in spring at 70°F (21°C) or above.
leaflets, turn red in fall. Bears dense R. spathacea (Boat lily, Moses-in-the- T. anguina. See T. cucumerina
clusters of tiny, yellow-green flowers Genus of summer-flowering annuals, cradle). Evergreen, clump-forming var. anguina.
in summer. Female flowers develop into biennials and perennials. Half hardy. Grow perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 10in (25cm). T. cucumerina var. anguina, syn. T.
tiny, spherical, black or brownish fruits. in a sunny, sheltered position and in fertile, Rosette of lance-shaped, fleshy leaves, anguina (Snake gourd). Erect to spreading,
tContact with the foliage may cause well-drained soil. Support with sticks. to 1ft (30cm) long, is green above, purple annual, tendril climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m).
skin irritation. Z4–9 Propagate by seed sown under glass in below. Bears tiny, white flowers, enclosed Broadly ovate to almost triangular,
T. vernicifluum, syn. Rhus verniciflua early spring. in boat-shaped, leaflike bracts, year-round. sometimes shallowly 3- to 5-lobed, mid-
(Varnish tree). Deciduous, spreading tree. T. coerulea, syn. Didiscus coeruleus (Blue Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C). to pale green leaves are to 8in (20cm) long.
H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Large, glossy, lace flower). Moderately fast-growing, ‘Vittata’ produces leaves striped In summer, bears 5-petaled, white flowers,
bright green leaves, with 7–13 ovate upright, branching annual. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), longitudinally with pale yellow. 1–2in (2.5–5cm) across, with heavily
leaflets, redden in fall. Bears dense clusters S 8in (20cm). Has deeply divided, pale T. velutina. See T. sillamontana. fringed petals; females are solitary, the
of tiny, yellow-green flowers in summer, green leaves. Spherical heads, to 2in (5cm) T. zebrina, syn. Zebrina pendula males in racemes. Cylindrical fruits, 2ft
followed by berrylike, brownish-yellow across, of tiny, blue flowers are produced (Silver inch plant), illus. p.469. (60cm) or rarely to 6ft (2m) long, often
fruits. tAll parts are highly toxic if in summer. Excellent for cutting. Z10–11 ‘Purpusii’ (syn. T. purpusii) is a twisted or coiled, are green-and-white
ingested; contact with the sap may strong-growing, evergreen, trailing or striped and ripen to dull orange. Z12
severely irritate the skin. Z8–10 TRADESCANTIA mat-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), (min. 59°F/15°C)
S indefinite. Has elliptic, purple-tinged,
TRACHELIUM Spiderwort bluish-green leaves and tiny, shallowly Trichosma suavis. See Eria coronaria.
cup-shaped, pink flowers. Tricuspidaria lanceolata. See
syn. DIosPHAeRA COMMELINACEAE ‘Quadricolor’ has leaves striped green,
pink, red and white. Z10–12 (min. Crinodendron hookerianum.
CAMPANULACEAE Genus of perennials, some of which are 41–45°F/5–7°C).
evergreen, grown for their flowers or TRICYRTIS
Genus of small perennials, useful for rock ornamental foliage. Fully hardy to frost
gardens and borders. Some are good in tender. Grow in fertile, moist to dry soil Toad lily
alpine houses. Flowers of half-hardy and in sun or partial shade. Cut back or
species are ideal for cutting. Borderline repropagate trailing species when they LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE
become straggly. Propagate hardy species
Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering,
rhizomatous perennials. Fully hardy.
TRICYRTIS
Grows in sun or, in warm areas, in T. grandiflorum (Wake-robin) illus. p.255. umbel, to 5in (12cm) across, of yellow T. pumilus illus. p.358.
partial shade. Needs humus-rich, moist ‘Flore Pleno’ see T.g. f. polymerum ‘Flore flowers; petals each have a purple stripe. T. yunnanensis. Clump-forming
soil. Propagate by division in spring or Pleno’. f. polymerum ‘Flore Pleno’ (syn. Z9–11. ‘Starlight’ illus. p.407. perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has
by seed in fall. T.g. ‘Flore Pleno’) is a clump-forming T. laxa, syn. Brodiaea laxa, illus. p.411. broadly ovate leaves with 3–5 deep lobes.
T. formosana illus. p.247. ‘Dark Beauty’ perennial. H 15in (38cm), S 1ft (30cm). ‘Koningin Fabiola’, syn. Brodiaea laxa Buttercuplike, bright yellow flowers are
is a rhizomatous perennial. H to 32in Large, double, pure white flowers, are ‘Queen Fabiola’, illus. p.411. produced in late spring or summer. Z5–8
(80cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has erect, somewhat borne singly in spring, turning pink with T. peduncularis, syn. Brodiaea
zig-zagging, softly hairy stems, and age. Has large broadly ovate, dark green peduncularis. Early summer-flowering TROPAEOLUM
inversely lance-shaped to ovate, veined, leaves. Z4–8 corm. H 4–16in (10–40cm), S 4–6in (10–
glossy, dark green leaves. In early fall, T. luteum. Upright, clump-forming 15cm). Has semierect, basal leaves. Stem Nasturtium
produces branched, terminal cymes of perennial. H to 16in (40cm), S to 1ft (30cm). bears a loose umbel, to 14in (35cm) across,
upward-facing, star-shaped, deep purple Has stalkless, elliptic to broadly ovate, of white flowers, each 5⁄8–11⁄4in (1.5–3cm) TROPAEOLACEAE
flowers. Cultivars of Stolonifera Group abruptly pointed, mid-green leaves, long, faintly tinged blue. Z9–11
have purple-pink flowers with darker heavily marked paler green. Stalkless, Genus of climbing, trailing, or bushy
spots; can be invasive. Z5–8 upright, sweet-scented flowers, with TRITONIA annuals and herbaceous perennials, grown
T. hirta. Upright, rhizomatous perennial. golden- or bronze-green petals and lance- for their brightly colored flowers. Fully
H 1–3ft (30cm–1m, S 11⁄2ft (45cm). In late shaped, mid-green sepals, are borne above IRIDACEAE hardy to frost tender. Most species prefer
summer and early fall, clusters of large, the leaves in spring. Z4–8 sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
open bell-shaped, white-spotted, purple T. nivale (Dwarf white wood lily, Snow Genus of corms, with sword-shaped, erect seed, tubers or basal stem cuttings in
flowers are borne from axils of uppermost trillium). Rhizomatous perennial. H 3in leaves, grown for their spikes of colorful spring. Aphids and caterpillars of the
leaves. Leaves are narrowly ovate, hairy (7cm), S 4in (10cm). In early spring, whorls flowers. Frost to half hardy. Needs a cabbage white butterfly and its relatives
and dark green and clasp stems. Z4–8. of 3 ovate leaves emerge at same time as sunny, sheltered site and well-drained may cause problems. Grow climbing
var. alba illus. p.277. ‘Miyazaki’, H to 3ft outward-facing, slightly nodding, white soil. Plant corms in fall (T. disticha subsp. tropaeolums over a fence, trellis, pergola,
(90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm), bears white flowers, flowers, each with 3 narrowly ovate petals rubrolucens in spring). Dry off once leaves or shrub, or let them trail over a bank or
spotted lilac-purple, in the leaf axils all and green sepals. Difficult to grow but die back in summer (winter for T. disticha dry wall.
along the stems. thrives in a trough or alpine house. Z4–6 subsp. rubrolucens). Propagate by seed in T. Alaska Series. See T. majus
T. macrantha. Upright, rhizomatous T. ovatum illus. p.255. fall or by offsets at replanting time. Alaska Series.
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). In early fall, T. rivale illus. p.350. T. crocata, syn. T. hyalina. Spring- T. azureum. Herbaceous, leaf-stalk
produces loose sheaves of open bell-shaped, T. sessile (Toadshade, Wake-robin) illus. flowering corm. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 3in climber with small tubers. H to 4ft (1.2m).
deep primrose-yellow flowers, spotted p.260. (8cm). Has erect, basal leaves. Each wiry Leaves, to 2in (5cm) across, have 5 narrow
light chocolate, at tips of arching stems; T. undulatum (Painted trillium, Painted stem bears a loose spike of up to 10 widely lobes. Small, purple-blue flowers, with
small, ovate leaves are dark green. Z4–8 wood lily). Clump-forming perennial. cup-shaped, orange to pinkish-red flowers, notched petals, open in late summer. Z9–11
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Open 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) across, with transparent T. canariense. See T. peregrinum.
TRIFOLIUM funnel-shaped flowers with red-bordered, margins. Z10–11 T. ‘Empress of India’ illus. p.307.
green sepals and 3 white or pink petals, T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens, syn. T. Gleam Series. See T. majus Gleam
Clover each with a basal carmine stripe, are T. rosea, T. rubrolucens, illus. p.409. Series.
borne singly in spring, above broadly T. hyalina. See T. crocata. T. Jewel Series. See T. majus Jewel Series.
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE ovate, basal, blue-green leaves. Z4–8 T. rosea. See T. disticha subsp. T. majus. Fast-growing, bushy, climbing
rubrolucens. annual. H 3–10ft (1–3m), S 5–15ft (1.5–5m).
T Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials, TRIPETALEIA T. rubrolucens. See T. disticha subsp. Has rounded to kidney-shaped, wavy-
some of which are semievergreen, with rubrolucens. margined, pale green leaves. From
round, usually 3-lobed leaves and heads ERICACEAE summer to fall, bears trumpet-shaped,
of pealike flowers. Some species are TROCHODENDRON long-spurred, red, orange or yellow
useful in rock gardens or on banks, others Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for its flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across. Z9–11.
in agriculture. Many are invasive. Fully to flowers; often included in Elliottia. Fully TROCHODENDRACEAE Alaska Series illus. p. 323.
frost hardy. Needs sun and well-drained hardy. Needs partial shade and moist, Gleam Series, H 16in (40cm), S 2ft
soil. Propagate by division in spring or peaty, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by Genus of one species of evergreen tree (60cm), is semitrailing, and bears semi-
by seed in fall. Self-seeds readily. softwood cuttings in summer or by seed or large shrub, grown for its foliage and double flowers in single colors or in a
T. repens ‘Purpurascens’ illus. p.375. in fall. racemes of unusual, vivid green flowers. mixture that includes scarlet, yellow, and
T. paniculata, syn. Elliottia paniculata. Frost hardy, but shelter from cold, strong orange and various pastel shades.
718 TRILLIUM Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 5ft winds. Tolerates a sunny or shady site and ‘Hermine Grashoff’ illus. p.307.
(1.5m). Bears upright panicles of pink- requires moist but well-drained soil; Jewel Series illus. p.327. ‘Peach Melba’
Trinity flower, Wood lily tinged, white flowers, each with 3–5 dislikes very dry or very shallow, chalky is bushy, H to 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm), and
narrow petals, from midsummer to early soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in bears pale yellow flowers, blotched with
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE fall. Lance-shaped, dark green leaves summer or by seed in fall. scarlet. Whirlybird Series (syn. T.
persist well into fall. Z7–9 T. aralioides illus. p.79. Whirlybird Series), H 10in (25cm), S 14in
Genus of rhizomatous perennials with (35cm), bears single to semidouble flowers
petals, sepals, and leaves that are all borne Tristania conferta. See Lophostemon TROLLIUS in single or a mixture of colors.
in whorls of 3. Excellent for woodland confertus. T. ‘Peach Melba’. See T. majus ‘Peach
gardens, and also for shaded borders and Globeflower Melba’.
rockeries. Fully to frost hardy. Enjoys TRITELEIA T. peregrinum, syn. T. canariense
partial shade and fertile, moist but well- RANUNCULACEAE (Canary creeper). Herbaceous, leaf-stalk
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate ASPARAGACEAE climber. H to 6ft (2m). Grey-green leaves
by division after foliage has died down in Genus of spring- or summer-flowering have 5 broad lobes. Small, bright yellow
summer or by seed in fall. Genus of late spring- and early summer- perennials that thrive beside pools and flowers, the 2 upper petals much larger
T. cernuum. Clump-forming perennial. flowering corms with wiry stems bearing streams. Fully hardy. Tolerates sun or and fringed, are borne from summer until
H 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has Allium-like umbels of funnel-shaped shade. Does best in moist soil. Propagate first frosts. In cool areas, best grown as an
nodding, maroon-centered, white flowers flowers. Long, narrow leaves usually die by division in early fall or by seed in annual. Z10–12 (min. 37°F/3°C)
borne in spring beneath luxuriant, away by flowering time. Frost hardy. Needs summer or fall. T. polyphyllum illus. p.276.
3-parted, mid-green leaves. Z4–9 an open but sheltered, sunny situation and T. x cultorum ‘Alabaster’ illus. p.436. T. speciosum (Flame creeper, Flame
T. chloropetalum illus. p.255. well-drained soil that dries out to some ‘Canary Bird’ (syn. T. europeaus ‘Canary nasturtium) illus. p.202.
var. giganteum is a vigorous, extent in summer. Dies down in mid- to Bird’) is a clump-forming perennial. H 2ft T. tricolor, syn. T. tricolorum, illus. p.461.
clump-forming perennial. H to 16in (40cm), late summer until spring; plant during (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Bears globular, T. tricolorum. See T. tricolor.
S 8in (20cm). Has stalkless, broadly ovate dormancy in early fall. Propagate by seed canary-yellow flowers singly in spring, T. tuberosum. Herbaceous, tuberous-
to diamond-shaped, dark green leaves, or offsets in fall. above rounded, deeply divided, mid-green rooted, leaf-stalk climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m).
variably marbled grayish-cream or maroon. T. hyacinthina, syn. Brodiaea hyacinthina, leaves. ‘Earliest of All’ has globular, Grayish-green leaves have 3–5 lobes. From
Bears upright, stalkless, fragrant white, B. lactea, illus. p.408. butter-yellow flowers. ‘Goldquelle’ has midsummer to late fall, bears cup-shaped
red or reddish-purple flowers in spring. T. ixioides, syn. Brodiaea ixioides, large orange flowers. ‘Orange Princess’, flowers with orange-yellow petals, orange-
Z6–9 B. lutea. Early summer-flowering corm. H 30in (75cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm), produces red sepals, and a long spur. Z9–11.
T. erectum (Birthroot, Squawroot) illus. H to 20in (50cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears orange-gold flowers. Z4–7 var. lineamaculatum ‘en Aslet’ illus.
p.260. semierect, basal leaves. Stem bears a loose T. europaeus (Globeflower) illus. p.445. p.207.
‘Canary Bird’ see T. x cultorum ‘Canary
Bird’.
TULIPA
T. Whirlybird Series. See T. majus yellow flowers, sometimes red-spotted at flushed, “flamed” or margined with a spring. Blue-green leaves are generally
Whirlybird Series. base of petals, that look like small, single different color and often with contrasting wavy-margined and always marked dark
roses. H5 bases, from mid- to late spring. bluish-maroon. H 6–12in (15–30cm).
TSUGA H 20–28in (50–70cm).
TULBAGHIA Miscellaneous Group (Div. 15)—
PINACEAE Single Late Group including Cottage comprises all species and hybrids not
ALLIACEAE/LILIACEAE and Darwin Hybrids (Div. 5)—has included in other divisions. Flowers are
See also CONIFERS. cup- or goblet-shaped, single flowers, produced from late winter to late spring.
T. canadensis (Canada Hemlock, Eastern Genus of clump-forming, mainly sometimes several to a stem, in white to
hemlock) illus. p.102. ‘Aurea’ is a broadly deciduous, sometimes semievergreen, yellow, pink, red or almost black, often T. ‘Abu Hassan’ (illus. p.401), Div. 3. T
conical-shaped conifer, often with several rhizomatous or bulbous perennials. with contrasting margins, in late spring. Mid- to late-flowering spring bulb. H 20in
stems. H 15ft (5m) or more, S 6–10ft (2–3m). Grown for their umbels of dainty flowers, H 18–30in (45–75cm). (50cm). Produces cardinal-red flowers with 719
Shoots are pale gray with spirally arranged, some fragrant, especially at night, which pinkish-red stripes and yellow edges. Z3–8
needlelike, flattened leaves, golden-yellow are borne over a long period from late Lily-flowered Group (Div. 6)—strong T. acuminata (Horned tulip; illus. p.401),
when young, aging to green in their second spring to fall. Frost to frost tender. Needs stems bear goblet-shaped, single flowers, Div. 15. Mid-spring-flowering bulb.
year, those along the top are inverted to full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate to 3in (8cm) across, with reflexed, pointed H 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Flowers are 3–5in
show silver bands. Has ovoid, light brown by division or seed in spring. petal tips, and sometimes margined, (7–13cm) long, with long-pointed, tapered,
cones. ‘Bennett’, H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 6ft T. fragrans. See T. simmleri. “flamed” or flushed with a contrasting pale red or yellow petals, often tinged with
(2m), is a compact, dwarf form with T. natalensis. Semievergreen, clump- color, in late spring. H 18–26in (45–65cm). red or green outside. Z3–8
arching branches and a nest-shaped, forming perennial. H to 10in (25cm), S 4in T. ‘Ad Rem’, Div. 4. Mid- to late spring-
central depression. (10cm). In midsummer, umbels of delicately Fringed Group (Div. 7)—flowers are flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Flowers
‘Pendula’ (syn. T.c. f. pendula) has fragrant, tubular, yellow-centered, white similar to those in Div. 6, but have fringed are scarlet with black bases and yellow
weeping branches that may be trained to flowers, with spreading petal lobes, open petals. H 14–26in (35–65cm). margins. Anthers are yellow. Z3–8
create a dome. H and S 10–15ft (3–5m); if above grasslike, mid-green foliage. Z10–11 T. aitchisonii. See T. clusiana.
left to spread at ground level, H 20in T. pulchella. See T. simmleri. Viridiflora Group (Div. 8)—has cup- or T. ‘Albert Heijn’, Div. 13. (illus. p.400).
(50cm), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Z6–8 T. simmleri, syn. T. fragrans, almost closed bowl-shaped, single flowers, Early spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm).
T. caroliniana (Carolina hemlock). T. pulchella, T. simmieri, illus. p.411. to 3in (8cm) across, sometimes entirely Bears deep rose-pink flowers with a
Conifer with a conical or ovoid crown. T. violacea illus. p.280. green, margined with another color, or purple sheen and paler pink edges. Z3–8
H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Red- white to yellow, red or purple, “flamed” T. ‘Ancilla’, Div. 12. Early spring-
brown shoots produce spirally set, TULIPA or striped green, with contrasting centers, flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Flowers are
needlelike, flattened, glossy, dark green borne in late spring. H 16–22in (40–55cm). pink and reddish outside, white inside,
leaves. Bears ovoid, green cones, ripening Tulip each with a central, red ring. Z3–8
to brown. Z3–8 Rembrandt Group (Div. 9)—comprises T. ‘Angélique’, Div. 11. Late spring-
T. diversifolia (Japanese hemlock, LILIACEAE mostly very old cultivars, similar to Div. 6, flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Delicately
Northern Japanese hemlock). Conifer with but has colors “broken” into striped or scented, double, pale pink flowers deepen
a broad, dense crown. H 30–50ft (10–15m), Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs, feathered patterns owing to virus. Flowers with age. Each petal has paler streaks and
S 25–40ft (8–12m). Has orange shoots and grown for their bright, upward-facing in late spring. H 18–26in (45–65cm). a lighter margin. Good for bedding. Z3–8
needlelike, flattened, glossy, deep green flowers. Each bulb produces a few linear T. ‘Apeldoorn’s Elite’ (illus. p.401), Div.
leaves, banded with white beneath, that to lance-shaped, green or gray-green leaves Parrot Group (Div. 10)—bears cup- 4. Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft
are spirally set. Ovoid cones are dark on the stem. Flowers bear 6 usually pointed shaped, single, white to pink or violet-blue (60cm). Has buttercup-yellow flowers
brown. Z6–8 petals (botanically known as perianth flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, often feathered with cherry-red and with
T. heterophylla (Western hemlock). segments) and 6 stamens, singly, unless unevenly striped with different colors, yellowish-green bases. Z3–8
Vigorous, conical conifer with pendent otherwise stated below. Each plant has a including green, borne in late spring. T. ‘Apricot Beauty’, Div. 1. Early spring-
branchlets. H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 25–30ft spread of up to 8in (20cm). All are fully Petals are finely and irregularly cut. flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers are
(8–10m). Gray shoots bear spirally set, hardy unless otherwise stated. Requires a H 14–26in (35–65cm). salmon-pink, faintly tinged red. Z3–8
needlelike, flattened, dark green leaves sunny position with well-drained soil and T. ‘Artist’ (illus. p.401), Div. 8. Late
with silvery bands beneath. Green cones appreciates a summer baking; in cool, wet Double Late Group (peony-flowered) spring-flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft (45cm).
ripen dark brown. Z6–8 areas, bulbs may be lifted, when the leaves (Div. 11)—has bowl-shaped, fully double Flowers are salmon-pink and purple
T. mertensiana (Mountain hemlock). have died down, and stored in a dry place flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, in white to outside, sometimes marked green, and
Narrowly conical conifer with short, for replanting in fall. Propagate by division purple, sometimes margined or “flamed” deep salmon-pink and green inside. Z3–8
horizontal branches. H 25–50ft (8–15m), of bulbs in fall or, for species, by seed in in a different color, borne in late spring. T. ‘Attila’, Div. 3. Mid-spring-flowering
S 10–20ft (3–6m). Red-brown shoots spring or fall. tIf ingested, all parts may H 14–24in (35–60cm). bulb. H 16in (40cm). Strong stems bear
bear needlelike, flattened, glaucous blue- cause mild stomach upset, and contact long-lasting, pink flowers. Z3–8
green or gray-green leaves, spirally with any part may aggravate skin allergies. Kaufmanniana Group (Div. 12)— T. aucheriana, Div. 15. Early spring-
arranged. Cones are cylindrical and See also feature panel pp.400–401. comprises T. kaufmanniana and hybrids flowering bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-
yellow-green to purple, ripening to Horticulturally, tulips are grouped and has bowl-shaped, single flowers, 3–4in green leaves. Bears yellow-centered, pink
dark brown. Z6–8. ‘Glauca’ illus. p.99. into the following divisions. (8–10cm) across, frequently multicolored flowers, 2–5cm (3⁄4–2in) long, each tapered
T. sieboldii (Japanese hemlock, and usually with distinctively colored at the base, and with ovate petals. Z3–8
Southern Japanese hemlock). Broadly Single Early Group (Div. 1)—bear bases, in early or mid-spring. Leaves are T. australis. See T. sylvestris.
conical conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 25–30ft cup-shaped, single, white to dark purple sometimes marked bronze, red, or purple. T. bakeri. See T. saxatilis Bakeri Group.
(8–10m). Glossy, buff shoots bear flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, often H 6–12in (15–30cm). T. ‘Balalaika’, Div. 5. Late spring-
flattened, needlelike, lustrous, dark margined, “flamed” or flecked with a flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bright red
green leaves, set spirally. Cones are contrasting color, from early to mid- Fosteriana Group (Div. 13)—comprises flowers each have a yellow base and black
ovoid and brown. Z6–8 spring. H 6–18in (15–45cm). T. fosteriana and hybrids and has bowl- stamens. Z3–8
shaped, single flowers, to 5in (12cm) T. ‘Ballade’ (illus. p.400), Div. 6. Late
Tsusiophyllum tanakae. See Double Early Group (Div. 2)—has bowl- across, in white to yellow or dark red, spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).
Rhododendron tsusiophyllum. shaped, fully double, dark red to yellow or often margined or “flamed” in another Reddish-magenta flowers with a white-
white flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, often color and with contrasting bases, borne in margined, yellow base have long petals
TUBERARIA margined or flecked with another color, mid-spring. Leaves are sometimes marked that are margined white. Z3–8
borne in mid-spring. H 12–16in (30–40cm). red-purple. H 8–26in (20–65cm). T. ‘Ballerina’ (illus. p.401), Div.6.
CISTACEAE Late-flowering spring bulb. H 2ft (60cm).
Triumph Group (Div. 3)—sturdy Greigii Group (Div. 14)—comprises Produces lemon-yellow flowers with
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown stems bear cup-shaped, single flowers, T. greigii and hybrids and has bowl- blood-red, flamelike markings, orange-
for their flowers. Fully to frost hardy. to 21⁄2in (6cm) across, in a range of colors shaped, single, yellow to red flowers, to yellow veins near the margins, and star-
Requires sun and very well-drained soil. and often margined or flecked with a 4in (10cm) across, sometimes “flamed” shaped yellow bases. Inner surfaces are
Propagate by seed in spring. contrasting color, in mid- and late spring. or margined in a different color and with bright red, feathered marigold-orange,
T. guttata, syn. Helianthemum guttatum. H 35–60cm (14–24in). contrasting bases, borne in early or mid- with pale golden-yellow anthers. Z3–8
Moderately fast-growing, upright, T. batalinii. See T. linifolia
branching annual. H and S 4–12in Darwin Hybrid Group (Div. 4)—has Batalinii Group.
(10–30cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, egg-shaped, single flowers, to 3in (7cm)
mid-green leaves. In summer, bears across, in a range of colors and usually
TULIPA
T T. ‘Bellona’ (illus. p.401), Div. 1. Early T. dasystemon of gardens. See T. tarda. T. ‘Giuseppe Verdi’ illus. p.407. flowering bulb. H 4–14in (10–35cm).
spring-flowering bulb. H 1ft (30cm). T. ‘Dawnglow’, Div. 4. Mid- to late- T. ‘Glück’ (illus. p.401), Div. 12. Early Leaves are gray-green. Stem produces
720 Fragrant flowers are deep golden-yellow. spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Pale spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has 1–5. often scented flowers, 11⁄2–4in
Good for bedding and forcing. Z3–8 apricot flowers are flushed with deep pink reddish-brown-mottled, gray-green leaves. (3–10cm) long and bowl-shaped at the
T. biflora, syn. T. polychroma, Div. 15. outside and are deep yellow inside. Z3–8 Petals are red outside, margined bright base. Narrowly ovate petals are usually
Early spring-flowering bulb. H 2–4in T. ‘Diana’, Div. 1. Early spring-flowering yellow, and yellow inside, each with a either cream or yellow, flushed with pink
(5–10cm). Has gray-green leaves. Stem bulb. H 11in (28cm). Large, pure white darker base. Z3–8 or gray-green outside; centers are often a
bears 1–5 fragrant, yellow-centered, white flowers are borne on strong stems. Z3–8 T. ‘Golden Apeldoorn’ (illus. p.401), different color. Pink, orange or red forms
flowers, 5⁄8–11⁄2in (1.5–3.5cm) long and T. ‘Dillenburg’, Div. 5. Late spring- Div. 4. Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. occasionally occur. Z3–8
tapered at the bases. Narrowly ovate flowering bulb. H 26in (65cm). Brick- H 20–24in (50–60cm). Golden-yellow T. ‘Keizerskroon’, Div. 1. Early spring-
petals are flushed outside with greenish- orange flowers are good for bedding. Z3–8 flowers have a black base and stamens. flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
gray or greenish-pink. Good for a rock T. ‘Don Quichotte’, Div. 3. Mid-spring- Z3–8 have crimson-scarlet petals, with broad,
garden. Z4–7 flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Purple-pink T. ‘Golden Artist’, Div. 8. Late spring- bright yellow margins. A good, reliable
T. ‘Bing Crosby’, Div. 3. Mid- to late flowers are long-lasting. Z4–7 flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft (45cm). Flowers bedding tulip. Z3–8
spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). T. ‘Dreamboat’, Div. 14. Mid- to late are bright golden-yellow. Z3–8 T. ‘Kingsblood’, Div. 5. Late spring-
Bears scarlet flowers. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). T. ‘Gordon Cooper’, Div. 4. Mid- to late flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Flowers
T. ‘Bird of Paradise’ (illus. p.400), Produces gray-green leaves with brown spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Petals are cherry-red with scarlet markings. Z3–8
Div. 10. Late spring-flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft stripes. Urn-shaped, red-tinged, amber- are deep pink outside, margined red; T. linifolia, Div. 15. Early spring-
(45cm). Produces orange-margined, yellow flowers have greenish-bronze inside they are red with blue-and-yellow flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm).
cardinal-red flowers with bright yellow bases with red blotches. H6 bases. Has black anthers. Z3–8 A variable species, often considered to
bases. Anthers are purple. Z3–8 T. ‘Dreaming Maid’ (illus. p.401), Div. 3. T. ‘Greenland’. See T. ‘Groenland’. include T. batalinii and T. maximowiczii.
T. ‘Black Hero’ (illus. p.401), Div. 11. Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 22in T. greigii, Div. 15. Early spring-flowering Has gray-green leaves. Red flowers, 3⁄4–2in
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). (55cm). Flowers have white-margined, bulb. H 8–18in (20–45cm). Has downy (2–6cm) long, are bowl-shaped at the base,
Flowers have maroon outer petals and violet petals. Z3–8 stems. Leaves are streaked or mottled with and, inside, have blackish-purple centers
darker, almost black edges and dark T. ‘Dreamland’ (illus. p.400), Div. 5. Late red or purple. Cup-shaped flowers, 11⁄4–4in that are usually ringed with cream or
purple-black inner petals. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). (3–10cm) long, with broadly ovate, red or yellow. Petals are broadly ovate. Z3–8.
T. ‘Black Jewel’, Div. 7. Late spring- Flowers are red with white bases and yellow petals, have yellow-ringed, black Batalinii Group (syn. T. batalinii) have
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces yellow anthers. Z3–8 centers. Z3–8 flowers with broadly ovate petals and a
deep maroon-purple, almost black flowers T. eichleri. See T. undulatifolia. T. ‘Greuze’, Div. 5. Late spring-flowering bowl-shaped base. Pale yellow petals are
with a crystalline fringe very lightly T. ‘Esperanto’ (illus. p.400), Div. 8. bulb. H 26in (65cm). Flowers are dark darker yellow or brown at bases inside.
marked with golden-yellow. Z3–8 Late spring-flowering bulb. H 1ft (30cm). violet-purple. Good for bedding. Z3–8 Batalinii Group ‘Apricot Jewel’ has
T. ‘Blue Parrot’ (illus. p.401), Div. 10. Produces flowers with rose-pink petals T. ‘Groenland’, syn. T. ‘Greenland’ (illus. flowers that are orange-red outside, yellow
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). that fade to pale pink toward the bottom, p.400), Div. 8. Late spring-flowering bulb. inside; Batalinii Group ‘Bright Gem’,
Bears very large, bright violet flowers, with green feathered bases. Has cream- H 20in (50cm). Bears flowers with green has yellow flowers flushed with orange;
sometimes bronze outside, on strong edged, gray-green leaves. Z3–8 petals that are margined rose-pink. Good Batalinii Group ‘Bronze Charm’,
stems. Z3–8 T. ‘Estella Rijnveld’ (illus. p.400), Div. 10. for bedding. Z3–8 bears yellow flowers with bronze
T. ‘Burgundy Lace’, Div. 7. Late spring- Late spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). T. hageri, Div. 15. Mid-spring-flowering feathering. Maximowiczii Group
flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Flowers are Large flowers are red, streaked with white bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). Stem has 1–4 (syn. T. maximowiczii) has gray-green
wine-red with fringed margins. Z3–8 and green. Z3–8 flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄2in (3–6cm) long, tapered at leaves and bright red flowers, 3⁄4–21⁄2in
T. ‘Candela’ (illus. p.401), Div. 13. Early T. ‘Fancy Frills’, Div. 10. Late spring- the base and with ovate, dull red petals (2–6cm) long. Broadly ovate petals,
to mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 1ft (30cm). flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Fringed, tinged with green outside. Z3–8 with white-bordered, black centers,
Long-lasting, large flowers are yellow, ivory-white petals are striped and T. ‘Heart’s Delight’, Div. 12. Early are bowl-shaped at the base.
with black anthers. Z3–8 margined pink outside; inside, base is spring-flowering bulb. H 8–10in (20–25cm). T. ‘Lustige Witwe’, syn. T. ‘Merry
T. ‘Cape Cod’, Div. 14. Mid- to late spring- rose-pink. Anthers are pale yellow. Z3–8 Has green leaves striped red-brown. Deep Widow’, Div. 3. Mid- to late spring-
flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft (45cm). Grey-green T. ‘Flaming Parrot’, Div. 10. Late-spring pinkish-red flowers, margined pale pink, flowering bulb. Flowers have deep
leaves have reddish stripes. Yellowish- flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Deep yellow have pale pink inside with red-blotched, glowing red petals margined white. Z3–8
bronze flowers have a black-and-red base; flowers, “flamed” dark red, have primrose- yellow bases. Z3–8 T. ‘Madame Lefeber’, syn. T. ‘Red
petals are margined yellow outside. Z3–8 yellow bases. Insides are primrose-yellow T. ‘Hollywood’, Div. 8. Late spring- Emperor’ (illus. p.401), Div. 13. Early to
T. ‘Carnaval de Nice’ (illus. p.400), Div. with glowing, blood-red “flames.” Anthers flowering bulb. H 1ft (30cm). Red flowers, mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 14–16in
11. Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in are purple-black. Z3–8 tinged and streaked with green, have (35–40cm). Produces very large, brilliant
(40cm). Double flowers are white T. fosteriana, Div. 15. Early spring- yellow bases. Good for bedding. Z3–8 red flowers. Z3–8
feathered with deep red. Z3–8 flowering bulb. H 8–18in (20–45cm). Has a T. humilis, Div. 15. Early spring-flowering T. ‘Maja’ (illus. p.401), Div. 7. Late spring-
T. ‘China Pink’ (illus. p.400), Div. 6. Late downy stem and gray-green leaves, downy bulb. Variable species, often considered to flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has egg-
spring-flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). above. Flowers, 11⁄4–4in (4.5–10cm) long, include T. aucheriana, T. pulchella and T. shaped, pale yellow flowers, with fringed
Flowers are pink, each with a white base, are bowl-shaped at the base with narrowly violacea. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green petals, that are bronze-yellow at the base.
and have slightly reflexed petals. Z3–8 ovate, bright red petals, each with a leaves. Stem bears usually 1, sometimes Anthers are yellow. Z3–8
T. ‘Chopin’, Div. 12. Early spring- purplish-black, yellow-ringed center. Z3–8 2 or 3, pinkish-magenta flowers, 3⁄4–2in T. ‘Margot Fonteyn’, Div. 3. Mid- to
flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown- T. ‘Fringed Beauty’, Div. 7. Early to mid- (2–5cm) long, tapered at the base and, with late spring-flowering bulb. H 16–18in (40–
mottled, gray-green leaves. Lemon-yellow spring-flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). a yellow center inside. Petals are ovate. 45cm). Flowers have yellow-margined,
flowers have black bases. Z3–8 Fringed petals are bright red with yellow Suitable for a rock garden. Z3–8. bright red petals, each with a yellow base
T. ‘Clara Butt’, Div. 5. Late spring- margins. Excellent for forcing. Z3–8 var. pulchella (syn. T. pulchella) bears inside. Anthers are black. Z3–8
flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Flowers are T. ‘Fringed Elegance’, Div. 7. Late flowers, 3⁄4–2in (2–5cm) long and tapered T. marjolletii, Div. 15. Mid-spring-
salmon-pink. Good for bedding. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). at the base, with ovate, purple petals and flowering bulb. H 16–20in (40–50cm)).
T. clusiana, syn. T. aitchisonii (Lady tulip), Produces pale yellow flowers dotted with yellow or bluish-black centers inside. Produces flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄2in (4–6cm) long
Div. 15. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H to pink outside; inside, bases have bronze- Violet-pink flowers of Violacea Group and bowl-shaped at the base, with broadly
1ft (30cm). Has gray-green leaves. Each green blotches. Each petal has a yellow (syn. T. violacea) are tapered at the ovate, creamy-white petals, margined and
stem bears 1 or 2 flowers, 3⁄4–21⁄2in (2–6.5cm) fringe. Anthers are purple. Z3–8 base and each have a yellow or bluish- marked deep pink. Z3–8
long, that are bowl-shaped at the base. T. ‘Gala Beauty’, Div. 9. Late spring- black center inside. T. ‘Maureen’, Div. 5. Late spring-
Narrowly ovate, white petals are purple or flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Yellow T. ‘Jack Laan’, Div. 9. Late spring- flowering bulb. H 28in (70cm). Bears
crimson at base inside, striped deep pink flowers are streaked with crimson. Z3–8 flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Produces marble-white flowers. Z3–8
outside. Stamens are purple. Z3–8. Flowers T. ‘Garden Party’, Div. 3. Mid- to late purple flowers that are shaded with brown T. maximowiczii. See T. linifolia
of var. chrysantha (illus. p.401) are yellow, spring-flowering bulb. H 16–18in (40– and feathered with white and yellow. Z3–8 Maximowiczii Group.
flushed red or brown outside, with yellow 45cm). Produces white flowers; petals are T. ‘Juan’, Div. 13. Early to mid-spring- T. ‘Menton’ (illus. p.401), Div. 5. Late
stamens. var. stellata has white flowers margined deep pink outside, and inside flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers are spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm).
with yellow bases and yellow stamens. are streaked with deep pink. Z3–8 deep orange overlaid with scarlet. Leaves Flowers have light orange-margined, rose-
T. ‘Couleur Cardinal’, Div. 3. Mid- T. ‘Gavota’, Div. 3. Mid- to late spring- are marked with reddish-brown. Z3–8 pink petals with bright yellow and white
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces T. kaufmanniana (Water lily tulip; bases. Anthers are yellow. Z3–8
Plum-purple flowers are dark crimson- brownish-red flowers, each petal broadly illus. p.401), Div. 15. Early spring- T. ‘Merry Widow’. See T. ‘Lustige
scarlet inside. Z3–8 margined with creamy-yellow. Z3–8 Witwe’.
TYPHA
T. ‘Monte Carlo’, Div. 2. Early spring- H 12–14in (30–35cm). Produces orange 30cm). Has a hairy stem and gray-green TWEEDIA T
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Has double, flowers streaked with purple. Z3–8 leaves. Unpleasant-smelling flowers,
bright yellow flowers decorated with T. pulchella. See T. humilis var. pulchella. up to 12 per stem, are 5⁄8–11⁄2in (1.5–3.5cm) APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE
sparse, red streaks. Z3–8 T. ‘Purissima’, syn. T. ‘White Emperor’ long and tapered at the base. Oval, white
T. ‘Negrita’ (illus. p.401), Div. 3. Mid- to (illus. p.400), Div. 13. Early to mid-spring- petals are flushed green or pink outside; Genus of evergreen, twining subshrubs;
late spring-flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft (45cm). flowering bulb. H 14–16in (35–40cm). flowers have yellow or orange centers only one species is in general cultivation.
Produces deep purple flowers with red- Flowers are pure white. Z3–8 inside. Z3–8 Frost tender. In cool climates, may be
purple streaks. Z3–8 T. ‘Queen of Night’ (illus. p.401), Div. 5. T. ‘Uncle Tom’ (illus. p.401), Div. 11. grown as an annual. Requires a position in
T. ‘New Design’, Div. 3. Mid-spring- Late spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Late spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). sun and in well-drained soil. Pinch out tips
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers The darkest of all tulips, has long-lasting, Produces double, maroon-red flowers. Z3–8 of shoots to encourage branching.
have yellow petals that fade to pinkish- very dark maroon-black flowers on sturdy T. undulatifolia, syn. T. eichleri. Div. 15. Propagate by seed in spring.
white and are margined red outside and stems. Useful for bedding. Z3–8 Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb. T. caerulea, syn. Oxypetalum caeruleum.
marked apricot inside. Leaves have T. ‘Queen of Sheba’, Div. 6. Late H 6–20in (15–50cm). Has a downy stem Herbaceous, twining climber with white-
pinkish-white margins. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Bears and gray-green leaves. Flowers, 11⁄4–3in haired stems. H to 3ft (1m). Pink-flushed
T. ‘Orange Emperor’, Div. 13. Early to orange-margined, glowing, brownish-red (3–8cm) long, are bowl-shaped at the base. buds open to reveal small, fleshy, pale blue
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). flowers. Z3–8 Narrowly ovate, red or orange-red petals flowers, maturing purple, which are borne
Flowers are bright orange, with a yellow T. ‘Red Emperor’. See T. ‘Madame each have a pale red or buff back and a in summer and early fall. Produces green
base inside and have black anthers. Z3–8 Lefeber’. yellow-bordered, dark green or black fruits to 6in (15cm) long. Z10–12 (min.
T. ‘Orange Triumph’, Div. 11. Late T. ‘Red Parrot’, Div. 10. Late spring- blotch at the base inside. Z3–8 3–5°C/39–41°F)
spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bears flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Large, T. ‘Union Jack’, Div. 5. Late spring-
double, soft orange-red flowers flushed raspberry-red flowers are borne on flowering bulb. H 2ft (60cm). Flowers TYLECODON
with brown, and yellow margins. Z3–8 strong stems. Z3–8 have ivory-white petals, with deep pinkish-
T. ‘Oranje Nassau’, Div. 2. Early spring- T. ‘Red Riding Hood’ (illus. p.401), Div. red “flames” and blue-margined, white CRASSULACEAE
flowering bulb. H 10–12in (25–30cm). Bears 14. Late spring-flowering bulb. H 8in bases. Z3–8
double, blood-red flowers flushed fiery (20cm). Has vivid, black-based, scarlet T. urumiensis, Div. 15. Early spring- Genus of deciduous, bushy, winter-
orange-red. Z3–8 flowers amid spreading, dark green leaves flowering bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm). Stem growing, succulent shrubs with very
T. ‘Oratorio’, Div. 14. Mid- to late spring- mottled brownish-purple. Z3–8 is mostly below soil level. Leaves are swollen stems. Frost tender. Requires a
flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown- T. saxatilis Bakeri Group, syn. T. bakeri green or grayish-green. Producs 1 or 2 sunny position and very well-drained soil.
mottled, gray-green leaves. Broadly (illus. p.400), Div. 15. Early spring- flowers, each 11⁄2in (4cm) long and tapered Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
urn-shaped flowers are rose-pink outside, flowering bulb. H 6–18in (15–45cm). Has at the base. Narrowly ovate, yellow petals summer. tThe leaves of T. wallichii are
apricot-pink inside with black bases. Z3–8 shiny, green leaves. Stem produces 1–4 are flushed mauve or red-brown outside. highly toxic if ingested.
T. orphanidea (illus. p.401), Div. 15. Mid- scented flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄4in (4–5.5cm) long Is useful for a rock garden. Z4–7 T. paniculatus, syn. Cotyledon paniculata
spring-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). and tapered at the base. Oval, pink to lilac T. violacea. See T. humilis (Butter tree). Deciduous, bushy, succulent
Green leaves often have reddish margins. petals are yellow at the base inside. Z3–8 Violacea Group. shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Swollen stem and
Stem has 1–4 flowers, 11⁄4–21⁄2in (3–6cm) T. ‘Shakespeare’, Div. 12. Early spring- T. ‘West Point’, Div. 6. Late spring- branches have papery, yellow coverings.
long and tapered at the base. Oval petals flowering bulb. H 5–6in (12–15cm). Petals flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Primrose- Leaves are oblong to ovate, fleshy, and
are orange-brown, tinged outside green are deep red outside, margined salmon, yellow flowers have long-pointed, bright green. In summer, clusters of
and often purple. Z3–8. Whittallii Group and salmon inside, flushed red with a recurved petals. Z4–7 tubular, green-striped, red flowers are
(syn. T. whittallii) illus. p.407 yellow base. Z3–8 T. ‘White Dream’ (illus. p.400), Div. 3. produced at the stem tips. Z10–12 (min.
T. ‘Page Polka’, Div. 3. Mid-spring- T. ‘Shirley’ (illus. p.400), Div. 3. Mid- to Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. 45°F/7°C)
flowering bulb. Large, deep red flowers late spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). H 16–18in (40–45cm). Flowers are white T. papillaris subsp. wallichii.
have white bases and are striped with Bears ivory-white flowers with pinkish- with yellow anthers. Z3–8 See T. wallichii.
white. Anthers are yellow. Z3–8 purple petal edges and flecks. Z3–8 T. ‘White Emperor’. See T. ‘Purissima’. T. reticulatus, syn. Cotyledon reticulata
T. ‘Palestrina’, Div. 5. Late spring- T. sprengeri (illus. p.401), Div. 15. T. ‘White Parrot’, Div. 10. Late spring- (Barbed-wire plant). Deciduous, bushy,
flowering bulb. H 11⁄2ft (45cm). Petals Late spring- and early summer-flowering flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Large succulent shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm).
of large, salmon-pink flowers are green bulb. H 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Flowers are flowers have ruffled, white petals, flecked Swollen branches bear cylindrical leaves
outside. Z3–8 11⁄4–21⁄2in (4.5–6.5cm) long and tapered green at the base. Good for cutting. Z3–8 in winter. Produces tubular, green-yellow
T. ‘Peach Blossom’, Div. 2. Early spring- at the base. They have narrowly ovate, T. ‘White Triumphator’ (illus. p.400), flowers on a woody stem in fall. Z10–12
flowering bulb. H 10–12in (25–30cm). orange-red petals, the outer 3 with buff- Div. 6. Late spring-flowering bulb. (min. 45°F/7°C)
Produces double, silvery-pink flowers yellow backs. Latest-flowering tulip; H 26–28in (65–70cm). White flowers have T. wallichii, syn. Cotyledon wallichii,
flushed with deep pink. Z3–8 increases rapidly. Z3–8 elegantly reflexed petals. Z3–8 T. papillaris subsp. wallichii. Deciduous,
T. ‘Peer Gynt’, Div. 3. Mid- to late spring- T. ‘Spring Green’ (illus. p.400), Div. 8. T. whittallii. See T. orphanidea bushy, succulent shrub. H and S 1ft
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Purple- Late spring-flowering bulb. H 14–15in (35– Whittallii Group. (30cm). Has 11⁄4in (3cm) thick stems with
margined, fuchsia-red flowers have white 38cm). Bears white flowers feathered with T. ‘Yokohama’, Div. 1. Early to mid- cylindrical, grooved-topped, green leaves
bases spotted with yellow. Anthers are green. Anthers are pale green. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). at tips. After leaf fall, stems are neatly
purplish-gray. Z3–8 T. sylvestris, syn. T. australis (illus. p.401), Pointed flowers are deep yellow. Z3–8 covered in raised leaf bases. Bears tubular,
T. ‘Plaisir’, Div. 14. Mid- to late spring- Div. 15. Early spring-flowering bulb. yellow-green flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) long,
flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm). H 4–18in (10–45cm). Yellow flowers, usually Tunica saxifraga. See Petrorhagia in fall. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
Has gray-green leaves mottled with borne singly, are 1–21⁄2in (3.5–6.5cm) long saxifraga.
red-brown. Bears broadly urn-shaped, and tapered at the base. Narrowly ovate TYPHA
pale yellow-margined, deep pinkish-red petals are often tinged green outside. Z3–8 TURRAEA
flowers, with black-and-yellow bases. T. tarda, syn. T. dasystemon of gardens, TYPHACEAE
Z3–8 Div. 15. Early spring-flowering bulb. MELIACEAE
T. polychroma. See T. biflora. H to 6in (15cm). Has glossy, green leaves. Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
T. praestans ‘Fusilier’, Div. 15. Early Flowers, 4–6 per stem, are 11⁄4–11⁄2in Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, water plants, grown for their decorative,
spring-flowering bulb. H 4–18in (10–45cm). (3–4cm) long and tapered at the base. Oval, grown for their flowers and foliage. cylindrical seed heads. Fully to frost hardy.
Has a minutely downy stem and downy, white petals have yellow lower halves Frost tender. Prefers full sun. Needs fertile, Requires a position in sun or shade.
gray-green leaves. Stem bears 3–5 flowers inside and are tinged with green and well-drained soil. Water freely in full Propagate in spring by seed or division.
that are 21⁄4–21⁄2in (5.5–6.5cm) long and sometimes red outside. Suitable for growth, less at other times. Young plants T. latifolia (Bulrush) illus. p.442.
bowl-shaped at the base. Oval petals are a rock garden or raised bed. Z3–8 may need growing point removed to ‘Variegata’ is a deciduous, perennial
orange-scarlet. ‘Unicum’ (illus. p.401) has T. ‘Toronto’, Div. 14. Mid- to late spring- promote branching. Prune after flowering marginal water plant. H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m),
leaves that are margined pale yellow. flowering bulb. H 1ft (30cm). Has mottled if necessary. Propagate by seed in spring S indefinite. Strap-shaped, mid-green
Flowers have bright red petals with yellow leaves and 2 or 3 long-lasting flowers per or by semiripe cuttings in summer. leaves have longitudinal, cream stripes.
bases and blue-black anthers. stem. Open, broadly cup-shaped flowers T. obtusifolia. Evergreen, rounded, Produces spikes of beige flowers in late
‘Van Tubergen’s Variety’ produces have pointed, bright red petals, each with bushy, arching shrub. Has ovate to lance- summer; these are followed by decorative,
2–5 flowers per stem that are often yellow a brownish-green-yellow base inside. shaped leaves. Bears fragrant, white cylindrical, dark brown seed heads. Z2–11
at the base; it increases very freely. Z3–8. Anthers are bronze. Z3–8 flowers from fall to spring, followed by T. minima illus. p.443.
T. ‘Prinses Irene’ (illus. p.401), T. turkestanica (illus. p.400), Div. 15. orange-yellow fruits like tiny, peeled
Div. 1. Early spring-flowering bulb. Early spring-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10– tangerines. Z9–11 721
UGNI early spring are followed by clusters of UMBILICUS (20cm). Has tiny, linear leaves. From early
winged, green fruits on bare branches. summer to fall, bears large, pale yellow
UVW Z5–7. ‘Camperdownii’ (syn. U. CRASSULACEAE and lilac flowers. It produces no seed,
‘Camperdownii’) illus. p.88. ‘Exoniensis’ so is not invasive. Z10–11
UGNI (Exeter elm), H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m), is Genus of deciduous perennials with
narrow with upright branches when underground tubers and unusual, U. sandersonii. Deciduous perennial.
MYRTACEAE young, later becoming more spreading. shield-shaped, succulent leaves, and one H and S 4–20in (10–50cm). In summer,
U. x hollandica (Dutch elm). Vigorous, evergreen, perennial, creeping succulent bears white or pale pink flowers, with
Genus of densely leafy, evergreen shrubs deciduous tree with a short trunk and with opposite leaves. Grown for their a lavender-colored marking on the
or trees. U. molinae, the only species spreading to arching branches. H 100ft foliage and spikes or sprays of small upper lip and base of the lower lip. Z10–11
usually cultivated, is valued for its foliage, (30m), S 80ft (25m). Has ovate, toothed, flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Perennials
flowers, and fruit. Frost hardy to frost glossy, dark green leaves. Very susceptible require shade or partial shade and moist UVULARIA
tender. Needs full sun or partial shade to Dutch elm disease. Tiny red flowers in soil; U. oppositifolius requires sun or
and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate early spring are followed by winged, green partial shade and moisture-retentive but COLCHICACEAE
by semiripe cuttings in late summer. fruit. Z5–9. ‘Dampieri Aurea’, H 20–25ft free-draining soil. Best grown in a rock
U. molinae, syn. Eugenia ugni, Myrtus (6–8m), S 10–12ft (3–4m), is relatively slow- garden wall or crevice. Propagate from Genus of spring-flowering rhizomatous
ugni. Evergreen, upright, densely growing, with bright golden yellow leaves. seed, offsets or cuttings. U. oppositfolius is perennials that thrive in moist woodlands.
branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Appears to be resistant to Dutch elm susceptible to vine weevil. Fully hardy. Requires partial shade and
Glossy, dark green leaves are ovate. disease. ‘Jacqueline Hillier’, H and S 8ft U. oppositifolius, syn. Chiastophyllum prefers moist but well-drained, peaty
Bears fragrant, slightly nodding, cup- (2.5m), is slow-growing and suitable for oppositifolium, Cotyledon simplicifolia of soil. Propagate by division in early
shaped, white-pink-tinted flowers in late hedging. Small leaves, rough-textured and gardens, illus. p.335. ‘Jim’s Pride’ is a spring, before flowering.
spring, then aromatic, edible, spherical, sharply toothed, form 2 rows on each creeping, evergreen perennial. H 6–8in (15– U. grandiflora (Bellwort, Merry-bells)
dark red fruits. Good for hedging in mild shoot; they persist into early winter. 20cm), S 6in (15cm). Has large, oblong, illus. p.262.
areas. Z7–11. ‘Flambeau’ has dark gray- ‘Vegeta’ see U. x vegeta. serrated, succulent, dark green leaves, U. perfoliata. Clump-forming perennial.
green leaves margined creamy white and U. minor, syn. U. carpinifolia (Smooth- edged with creamy-yellow. Bears tiny H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). In spring,
flushed pink when young. leaved elm). Deciduous, spreading tree yellow flowers in arching sprays in late produces clusters of pendent, bell-shaped,
with arching branches and pendent shoots. spring and early summer. Z4–8 pale yellow flowers with twisted petals on
ULEX H 100ft (30m), S 70ft (20m). Small, ovate, numerous slender stems, above stem-
toothed, glossy, bright green leaves turn Urceolina peruviana. See clasping, narrowly ovate, mid-green
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE yellow in fall. Tiny red flowers in early and Stenomesson miniatum. leaves. Z4–9
mid-spring are followed by green, winged
Genus of leafless, or almost leafless, fruit. Z5–9 Urginea maritima. See Drimia maritima. VACCINIUM
shrubs that appear evergreen as a result U. parvifolia (Chinese elm). Deciduous or
of their year-round, green shoots and semievergreen, rounded tree with pendent URSINIA ERICACEAE
spines. Grown for its flowers in spring. shoots and flaking bark, marked orange
Fully to frost hardy. Needs full sun, and and brown. H 60ft (18m), S 25–40ft (8–12m). ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Genus of deciduous, semievergreen
prefers poor, well-drained, acidic soil. Small, ovate, glossy, dark green leaves last or evergreen shrubs and trees, grown
well into winter or, in mild areas, may Genus of annuals and evergreen for their foliage, fall color (on deciduous
U Trim each year after flowering to maintain persist until fresh growth develops. Tiny perennials and subshrubs, grown species), flowers and fruits, which are
compact habit. Straggly, old plants may be red flowers in late summer to fall are mainly for their flower heads usually in often edible. Fully to frost hardy. Needs
cut back hard in spring. Propagate by seed followed by winged, green fruit. Z4–9 summer, a few species for their foliage. sun or partial shade and moist but well-
U. procera (English elm). Vigorous, Frost hardy to frost tender. Needs full l drained, peaty or sandy, acidic soil.
V in fall. tThe seeds may cause mild deciduous, spreading tree with a dense, ight and well-drained soil. Water potted Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
W stomach upset if ingested. dome-shaped head. H 130ft (40m), S 50ft plants sparingly when not in full growth. summer or by seed in fall.
(15m). Broadly ovate, toothed, rough, dark Requires good ventilation when grown V. angustifolium var. laevifolium
U. europaeus (Gorse) illus. p.148. green leaves turn yellow in fall. Tiny red under glass. Propagate by seed or by (Low-bush blueberry) illus. p.163.
‘Flore Pleno’ is a leafless, or almost flowers in early spring are followed by greenwood cuttings in spring. Aphids can V. arctostaphylos (Caucasian
leafless, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft winged, green fruit. Z5–9 sometimes be troublesome. whortleberry). Deciduous, upright shrub.
(1.2m). In spring, bears profuse, fragrant, U. pumila (Siberian elm). Deciduous, U. anthemoides illus. p.322. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown
pealike, double, yellow flowers on leafless, spreading, sometimes shrubby tree. U. chrysanthemoides. Evergreen, young shoots and ovate, dark green leaves
dark green shoots. Z5–9 H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 40ft (12m). Produces bushy perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or that mature to red and purple in fall. Bell-
ovate, toothed, dark green leaves. Tiny red more. Narrowly ovate, feathery, strongly shaped, white flowers, tinged with red,
722 ULMUS flowers in early spring are followed by scented, green leaves are 2in (5cm) long. are produced in spreading racemes
winged, green fruit. Has some resistance Bears small, long-stalked, daisylike, yellow in early summer, followed by spherical,
Elm to Dutch elm disease, but seedlings may flower heads, sometimes coppery below, purplish-black fruits. Z5–9
be susceptible in hot summers. Z4–9 in summer. Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) V. corymbosum (Highbush blueberry)
ULMACEAE U. x vegeta, syn. U. x hollandica U. sericea. Evergreen, bushy subshrub. illus. p.150. ‘Duke’ is an upright,
‘Vegeta’ (Huntingdon elm). Fast-growing H and S to 28in (70cm). Leaves are cut deciduous shrub. H 51∕2ft (1.6m), S 5ft
Genus of deciduous or, rarely, semi- deciduous tree. H 120ft (35m), S 80ft (25m). into an elegant filigree of very slender, (1.5m). Has mid-green leaves that turn
evergreen trees and, very rarely, shrubs, Has upright central branches and pendent silver-haired segments. Bears daisylike, orange in fall. White late spring flowers
often large and stately, grown for their outer shoots. Broadly ovate leaves turn yellow flower heads, 1⁄2in (4cm) across, in are followed by medium-sized, edible,
foliage and habit. Inconspicuous flowers yellow in fall. Z5–9 summer. Mainly grown for its foliage. Z10– blue-black fruits. ‘Pioneer’ illus. p.163.
are borne in spring. Fully to frost hardy. 12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) ‘Spartan’, H to 6ft (1.8m), S 5ft (1.5m), has
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained UMBELLULARIA large, sweet fruit. Z5–7
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in UTRICULARIA V. glaucoalbum illus. p.165.
summer or by seed or suckers in fall. Headache tree V. myrtillus (Bilberry, Whortleberry).
Susceptible to Dutch elm disease, which LENTIBULARIACEAE Deciduous, usually prostrate shrub.
is quickly fatal, although U. parvifolia and LAURACEAE H to 1ft (30cm), S indefnite. Bears
U. pumila appear more resistant than other Genus of deciduous or evergreen, annual small, heart-shaped, leathery, bright
species and hybrids. Genus of one species of evergreen, spring- and perennial, carnivorous water plants green leaves. Pendent, bell-shaped, pale
U. americana (American white elm, flowering tree, grown for its aromatic with bladderlike, modified leaves that pink flowers in early summer are followed
White elm). Deciduous, spreading tree. foliage, although the scent of the crushed trap and digest insects. Most species in by edible, round, blue-black fruits. Z3–8
H and S 100ft (30m). Has gray bark and leaves may induce headaches and nausea cultivation are free-floating. Fully hardy V. nummularia. Evergreen, prostrate
drooping branchlets. Large, ovate, dark in some people. Fully hardy, but shelter to frost tender. Some species are suitable shrub. H to 1ft (30cm), S to 2ft (60cm).
green leaves are sharply toothed and from strong, cold winds when young. only for tropical aquariums; those grown Slender stems, covered in red-brown
rough-textured. Z2–9 Requires sun and fertile, moist but well- in outdoor pools require full sun. Thin out bristles, bear ovate, wrinkled, bright
U. ‘Camperdownii’. See U. glabra drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. plants that are overcrowded or are laden green leaves with red-brown bristles
‘Camperdownii’. U. californica (Californian laurel) with algae. Propagate by division of at their margins. Small racemes of bell-
U. carpinifolia. See U. minor. illus. p.69. floating foliage in spring or summer. shaped, white to deep pink flowers at
U. glabra (Wych elm). Deciduous, U. bisquamata ‘Betty’s Bay’. Small, stem tips in early summer are followed
spreading tree. H 35–40m (120–130ft), terrestrial annual. H 6in (15cm), S 8in
S 80ft (25m). Has broadly ovate, toothed,
very rough, dark green leaves, often
slightly lobed at tips. Tiny red flowers in
VERONICA
by small, round, black fruits. Suitable V. gigantea. See V. americana. Water moderately in growth and reduce perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more, S 2ft (60cm).
for a rock garden or peat bed. Needs V. spiralis (Eel grass, Tape grass) watering in summer. Propagate by seed Has broadly lance-shaped, wavy-edged,
partial shade. May also be propagated by Vigorous, evergreen, perennial, submerged or by offsets in fall. gray-green leaves. In summer, bears
division in spring. Z5–9 water plant. S indefinite. Forms a mass of V. bracteata, syn. V. undulata, saucer-shaped, pale yellow flowers. Z5–8
V. parvifolium illus. p.163. long, strap-shaped, mid-green leaves, V. viridifolia, illus. p.414. V. ‘Cotswold Beauty’ illus. p.246.
V. vitis-idaea (Cowberry). Vigorous, but on a smaller scale than V. americana. V. undulata. See V. bracteata. V. ‘Cotswold Queen’. Short-lived,
evergreen, prostrate shrub, spreading by Insignificant, greenish flowers are borne V. viridifolia. See V. bracteata. rosette-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),
underground runners. H 10in (25cm), year-round. Z10–11 (min. 41ºF/5ºC) S 1ft (30cm). Throughout summer, bears
S indefinite. Forms hummocks of ovate, x Venidioarctotis. See Arctotis. saucer-shaped, yellow flowers on stems
hard, leathery leaves. Bell-shaped, white Vallota speciosa. See Cyrtanthus that arise from ovate, mid-green leaves.
to pink flowers are borne in nodding elatus. VERATRUM Z5–8
racemes from early summer to fall. V. dumulosum illus. p.345.
Flowers are followed by bright red fruits VANCOUVERIA MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE V. ‘Gainsborough’ illus. p.243.
in fall–winter. May also be propagated by V. ‘Letitia’ illus. p.343.
division in spring. Z3–8. ‘Minus’ see BERBERIDACEAE Genus of perennials, with poisonous black V. lychnitis (White mullein). Slow-
V.v-i. subsp. minus. subsp. minus (syn. rhizomes, grown for their striking, erect growing, evergreen, upright, branching
V.v-i. ‘Minus’) illus. p.351. Genus of perennials, some of which are panicles of flowers. Fully to frost hardy. biennial. H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
evergreen, suitable for groundcover. Requires partial shade and fertile, moist Has lance-shaped, dark gray-green leaves.
VALERIANA Fully hardy. Prefers cool, partially shaded soil. Ideal for a woodland or wild garden. Flattish, 5-lobed, white flowers are borne
positions and moist, peaty soil. Propagate Propagate by division in fall or early on branching stems in summer. Z5–9
Valerian by division in spring. spring, or by seed as soon as ripe. V. nigrum. Semievergreen, clump-
V. chrysantha. Evergreen, sprawling tAll parts are highly toxic if ingested. forming perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft
CAPRIFOLIACEAE perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Contact with foliage may irritate the skin. (60cm). Bears narrow spikes of small,
Ovate, dark green leaves borne on the V. album (White false hellebore). Clump- 5-lobed, purple-centered, yellow flowers
Genus of summer-flowering annuals, flower stems are divided into rounded forming perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). during summer and fall. Oblong, mid-
often rhizomatous or tap-rooted diamond-shaped leaflets with thickened, Basal leaves are pleated, ovate and dark green leaves are downy beneath. Z4–8
herbaceous perennials, semievergreen undulating margins. Loose sprays of green. Stems bear dense, terminal panicles V. olympicum illus. p.219.
subshrubs, and usually evergreen shrubs, small, bell-shaped, yellow flowers are of saucer-shaped, yellowish-white flowers V. ‘Pink Domino’. Short-lived, rosette-
suitable for growing in borders and rock produced in spring. Z7–9 in summer. Z3–7. forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm).
gardens. Fully hardy. Requires a position V. hexandra. Vigorous, spreading ‘Lorna’s Green’ produces pendent Produces branched racemes of 5-lobed,
in sun and well-drained soil. Propagate perennial. H and S to 16in (40cm). Leathery panicles of green flowers. rose-pink flowers throughout summer,
by division in fall, but V. officinalis leaves are divided into almost hexagonal V. californicum. Upright, rhizomatous above ovate, mid-green leaves. Z5–11
is best propagated by seed in spring. leaflets. Produces open sprays of many perennial. H to 8ft (2.5m), S to 2ft (60cm).
V. officinalis (Cat’s valerian, Common tiny, white flowers in late spring and Has ovate, pleated basal leaves, hairless VERBENA U
valerian) illus. p.231. early summer. Provides good woodland above and curly-hairy beneath. In summer, V
V. phu ‘Aurea’ illus. p.262. groundcover. Z5–7 bears branched, stiffly erect panicles of VERBENACEAE W
star-shaped, creamy white and green
VALLEA VANDA flowers, with each petal deep green at Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
the base and veined green. Z4–8 annuals, perennials, and subshrubs. Fully
ELAEOCARPACEAE ORCHIDACEAE V. nigrum (Black false hellebore) illus. hardy to frost tender. Prefers sun and well-
p.216. drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
Genus of evergreen shrubs or trees, See also ORCHIDS. in late summer or fall, or by seed in fall or
grown for their habit, foliage and flowers. V. Rothschildiana gx (illus. p.466). VERBASCUM spring.
Frost hardy, but best kept at a minimum Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool V. bonariensis, syn. V. patagonica, illus.
of 37–41°F (3–5°C) to prevent foliage being or intermediate greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm), Mullein p.221.
damaged by cold. Prefers a position in S 1ft (30cm). Sprays of dark-veined, violet- V. chamaedrifolia. See Glandularia
full sun and humus-rich, well-drained soil. blue flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne SCROPHULARIACEAE peruviana.
In cold areas, grow in a cool greenhouse; twice a year in varying seasons. Has V. chamaedrioides. See Glandularia
in warmer areas, use in a courtyard garden narrowly ovate, rigid leaves, 4–5in (10– Genus of mainly summer-flowering peruviana.
or border, or grow against a warm sunny 12cm) long. Grow in a hanging basket biennials, with a few annuals, perennials, V. x hortensis. See Glandularia x hybrida.
wall. Water containerized plants freely and provide good light in summer. and subshrubs, some of which are semi- V. x hybrida. See Glandularia x hybrida.
during the growing season, moderately at Z11–12 (min. 61°F/16°C; max. 86°F/30°C) evergreen or evergreen. Grown mainly for V. patagonica. See V. bonariensis.
other times. Untidy growth may be cut out their tall stems of flowers borne over a long V. rigida, syn. V. venosa, illus. p.269.
in early spring. Propagate by seed in VELLOZIA period. Fully to frost hardy. Tolerates shade, V. ‘Sissinghurst’. See Glandularia
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. but prefers an open, sunny site and well- ‘Sissinghurst’.
Red spider mite may be a nuisance. VELLOZIACEAE drained soil. Propagate species by seed in V. venosa. See V. rigida.
V. stipularis. Evergreen, erect, then spring or late summer, or by root cuttings
loose and spreading shrub. H and S Genus of evergreen perennials, grown in winter, selected forms by root cuttings VERONICA 723
10–15ft (3–5m). Leaves are lance-shaped for their showy flowers. Frost tender. only. Some species self-seed freely.
to rounded and lobed, deep green above, Grow in full sun and moderately fertile, V. bombyciferum, syn. V. broussa. PLANTAGINACEAE/SCHROPHULARIACEAE
gray beneath. Small, cup-shaped flowers, sharply drained soil. Propagate by seed Evergreen, erect biennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m),
each with 5 deep pink petals that have or division in spring. S to 2ft (60cm). Ovate leaves and stems are Genus of annuals, perennials, and mostly
3 lobes, are borne in small, terminal and V. elegans, syn. Barbacenia elegans, covered with silver hairs. Produces upright deciduous subshrubs, grown for their
lateral clusters in spring–summer. Z9–11 Talbotia elegans. Evergreen, mat-forming racemes densely set with 5-lobed, yellow purple, blue, pink or white flowers. Fully
perennial with slightly woody stems. flowers in summer. Z4–10 to frost hardy. Some need sun and well-
VALLISNERIA H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). Lance- V. broussa. See V. bombyciferum. drained soil, others prefer a moist site in
shaped, leathery, dark green leaves, to 8in V. ‘Caribbean Crush’. Upright, rosette- sun or partial shade. Grow taller species in
HYDROCHARITACEAE (20cm) long, have a V-shaped keel. forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft a mixed or herbaceous border; cushion- or
In late spring, bears solitary, small, star- (1.5m). Has ovate-oblong, toothed, woolly, mat-forming species are ideal for a rock
Genus of evergreen, perennial, submerged shaped, white flowers on slender stems gray-green leaves. From late spring to garden. Propagate by division in spring or
water plants, grown for their foliage. above leaves. Z12 (min. 61°F/16°C) summer, bears saucer-shaped flowers in fall, by softwood or semiripe cuttings in
Suitable for pools and aquariums. Frost tones of apricot, yellow, pink, and copper- summer, or by seed in fall.
tender. Requires sun or partial shade and VELTHEIMIA orange, all on the same plant. Z5–8 V. austriaca. Mat-forming or upright
deep, clear water. Remove fading foliage, V. chaixii. Erect perennial, covered with perennial. H and S 10–20in (25–50cm).
and thin overcrowded plants as necessary. ASPARAGACEAE silvery hairs. H to 3ft (90cm), S 11∕2ft (45cm). Leaves are very variable: from broadly
Propagate by division in spring–summer. Has ovate, toothed, rough, nettlelike ovate to narrowly oblong, and from entire
V. americana, syn. V. gigantea. Vigorous, Genus of spring-flowering bulbs with leaves. Produces slender spires of 5-lobed, to deeply cut and fernlike. Short, dense
evergreen, perennial, submerged water dense spikes of pendent, tubular flowers yellow, sometimes white flowers, with or lax racemes of small, saucer-shaped,
plant. S indefinite. Quickly grows to form and rosettes of basal leaves. Frost tender. purple stamens, in summer. Z5–8 bright blue flowers are produced in early
colonies of long, strap-shaped, mid-green Needs good light, to keep foliage compact V. ‘Christo’s Yellow Lightning’. summer. Suits a rock garden or bank. Z3–8.
leaves. Bears insignificant, greenish flowers and to develop flower colors fully. Vigorous, upright, rosette-forming
all year-round. Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10°C) Requires well-drained soil. Plant in fall
with bulb tips just above soil surface.
VERONICA
subsp. teucrium (syn. V. teucrium) illus. V. virginicum, syn. Veronica virginica. ‘Deben’ bears tubular, white flowers, flowers in late spring–early summer,
p.343. subsp. teucrium ‘Kapitän’ illus. Upright perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 11∕2ft tinted with pink. are followed by egg-shaped, blue-black
p.343. subsp. teucrium ‘Royal Blue’ (45cm). In late summer, racemes of small, V. x burkwoodii. Semievergreen, bushy, fruits. Z2-8
has deep royal-blue flowers. star-shaped, purple-blue or pink flowers open shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Rounded V. mariesii. See V. plicatum f.
V. beccabunga (Brooklime) illus. p.442. crown stems clothed with whorls of heads of fragrant, tubular, pink, then white tomentosum ‘Mariesii’.
V. cinerea. Spreading, much-branched, narrowly lance-shaped, dark green leaves. flowers are borne amid ovate, glossy, dark V. odoratissimum (Sweet viburnum).
woody-based perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 1ft Z3–8. f. album has spires of small, white green leaves from mid- to late spring. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
(30cm). Produces small, linear, occasionally flowers in late summer, with pink-flushed Z4–8. ‘Anne Russell’, H and S 5ft (1.5m), Clusters of small, fragrant, star-shaped,
ovate, hairy, silvery-white leaves. Trailing bases and pink anthers, on stems clothed is deciduous and has very fragrant, white white flowers, borne amid ovate, leathery,
flower stems bear saucer-shaped, deep with whorls of narrow, dark green leaves. flowers. ‘Mohawk’ has very fragrant glossy, dark green leaves in late spring,
blue to purple flowers, with white eyes, ‘Fascination’ illus. p.220. white flowers with red backs, that are are followed by egg-shaped, red fruits
in early summer. Suitable for a sunny rock bright red in bud, and glossy green leaves that ripen to black. Z8–10
garden. Z5–8 VESALEA that turn orange-red in fall. ‘Park Farm V. opulus (Guelder rose). Vigorous,
V. fruticans (Rock speedwell). Deciduous, Hybrid’ bears very fragrant, white deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 12ft (4m).
upright to procumbent subshrub. H to 3in CAPRIFOLIACEAE flowers that are slightly pink in bud, and Bears broadly ovate, lobed, deep green
(8cm), S to 8in (20cm). Leaves are ovate older leaves turn bright red in fall. leaves that redden in fall and, in late spring
and green. Spikes of saucer-shaped, bright Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering V. x carlcephalum illus. p.111. and early summer, flattened, lace-caplike
blue flowers, each with a red eye, are shrubs, sometimes included in Abelia or V. carlesii illus. p.146. ‘Aurora’ is heads of white flowers. Produces large
produced in summer. Suitable for a rock Linnaea. Frost hardy to half hardy. Needs a deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and bunches of spherical, bright red fruits.
garden. Z4–9 well-drained soil and a position in sun— S 6ft (2m). Broadly ovate leaves are bronze Z3–8. ‘Compactum’ illus. p.162.
V. gentianoides illus. p.271. preferably against a sunny wall in all but when young and turn purple-red in fall. ‘Roseum’ (syn. V.o. ‘Sterile’; Snowball
V. incana. See V. spicata subsp. incana. the mildest areas. Propagate by softwood From mid- to late spring, bears rounded tree), H and S to 12ft (4m), has a rounded
V. longifolia. Variable, upright perennial. or semiripe cuttings in summer. heads of dark red buds, opening to pinkish habit, with leaves that become purple-
H to 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). In late summer V. floribunda, syn. Abelia floribunda. white flowers. ‘Diana’ has red buds that tinted in fall. Bears large, white or green-
and early fall, bears long, terminal racemes Evergreen, arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), open to very fragrant, tubular, pink tinted white flowers, which may turn pink.
of star-shaped, lilac-blue flowers on stems S 12ft (4m). Has ovate, glossy, dark green flowers fading to white. Z4–7 ‘Sterile’ see V.o.‘Roseum’.
with narrowly ovate to lance-shaped, leaves. In early summer, produces profuse V. cinnamomifolium. Evergreen, bushy ‘Xanthocarpum’ has yellow fruits
toothed, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 clusters of pendent, tubular, bright cerise or treelike shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Large, and mid-green leaves that become
V. pectinata. Dense, mat-forming flowers, with 5-lobed, green calyces at ovate leaves, each have 3 prominent veins. yellow in fall.
perennial, sometimes semierect. H and the end of short shorts from the previous Bears broad clusters of small, star-shaped, V. plicatum (Japanese snowball tree).
S 8in (20cm). Has small, narrowly ovate, year’s growth. Z8–9 white flowers in early summer, then egg- Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub.
hairy leaves and bears loose sprays of shaped, blue fruits. Z7–9 H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are ovate,
saucer-shaped, soft blue to blue-violet VESTIA V. davidii illus. p.165. toothed, deeply veined, and dark green,
flowers in summer. Good for a rock V. ‘Eskimo’. Mound-forming, compact, turning reddish-purple in fall. Dense,
garden or bank. Z4–9. ‘Rosea’, H 3in SOLANACEAE semievergreen shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). rounded heads of large, sterile, flattish,
(8cm), has rose-lilac flowers. Produces ovate, leathery, glossy, dark white flowers are borne along branches
V. peduncularis of gardens. See Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, green leaves. In mid- and late spring, pink- in late spring and early summer. Z5–8.
V. umbrosa. grown for its attractive, but malodorous, tinged cream buds open to tubular, pure f. plicatum ‘Nanum’ see V.p.
flowers and foliage. Frost hardy, but in white flowers. Z6–8 f. tomentosum ‘Nanum Semperflorens’.
U V. perfoliata. See Parahebe perfoliata. cold areas is best cut to ground level and V. farreri, syn. V. fragrans, illus. p.143. f. plicatum ‘Popcorn’ is compact and
V V. prostrata, syn. V. rupestris, (Prostrate grown against a south-facing wall. Needs ‘Candidissimum’ is a deciduous, early-flowering, bearing numerous creamy
W speedwell), illus. p.343. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). white flower heads. f. tomentosum has
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Ovate, toothed, dark green leaves are pale tiered branches, flattish, lacecaplike flower
‘Spode Blue’ is a dense, mat-forming in fall. green when young. Produces clusters of heads and red fruits, ripening to black.
perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S indefinite. V. foetida, syn. V. lycioides, illus. p.194. fragrant, tubular, pure white flowers in f. tomentosum ‘Cascade’ is reliably
Upright spikes of small, saucer-shaped, V. lycioides. See V. foetida. late fall and during mild periods in winter free-fruiting. f. tomentosum ‘Mariesii’
china-blue flowers are produced in early and early spring. Z5–8 (syn. V. mariesii) illus. p.110.
summer. Leaves are narrowly ovate and VIBURNUM V. fragrans. See V. farreri. f. tomentosum ‘Nanum
toothed. ‘Trehane’ illus. p.343. H5 V. furcatum. Large, deciduous shrub. Semperflorens’ (syn. V.p. f. plicatum
V. rupestris. See V. prostrata. ADOXACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Broadly ovate and ‘Nanum’, V.p. f. tomentosum ‘Watanabe’,
V. spicata (Spiked speedwell). Clump- irregularly toothed leaves turn red and V. semperflorens), H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), is
forming perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or purple in fall. In late spring or early a slow-growing, conical, dense shrub, with
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Spikes of small, star-shaped, evergreen shrubs, sometimes trees, grown summer, produces small, scented, white small flower heads from late spring to
bright blue flowers are borne in summer for their foliage, fall color (in many flowers, followed by red berries that turn early fall. f. tomentosum ‘Pink Beauty’
above narrowly ovate, toothed, mid-green deciduous species), flowers and, often, purplish-black. Z5–9 (illus. p.142) is a deciduous, bushy shrub,
leaves. (borderline) Z3–8. subsp. incana fruits. Fruiting is generally most prolific V. x globosum ‘Jermyns Globe’ with dark green leaves, turning reddish-
(syn. V. incana) illus. p.271. ‘Romiley when several plants of different clones illus. p.120. purple in fall. In late spring and early
Purple’ illus. p.239. are planted together. Fully to frost hardy. V. x hillieri ‘Winton’. Upright, summer, bears white, later pink, blooms,
V. teucrium. See V. austriaca Grow in sun or partial shade and in deep, spreading, semievergreen shrub. H and followed by red, then black, fruits.
subsp. teucrium. fertile, not too dry soil. To thin out S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has narrowly ovate f. tomentosum ‘Watanabe’ see V.p. f.
V. umbrosa, syn. V. peduncularis of overgrown plants, cut out some older leaves, flushed copper when young, with tomentosum ‘Nanum Semperflorens’.
gardens, illus. p.271. ‘Georgia Blue’, shoots after flowering. Propagate by bronze-red winter color. In early summer, V. x pragense. See V. ‘Pragense’.
is a vigorous, mat-forming perennial. cuttings (softwood for deciduous species, bears creamy white flowers, followed by V. ‘Pragense’, syn. V. x pragense,
H to 4in (10cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Ovate semiripe for evergreens) in summer or by small, ovate, red fruits, which turn deep illus. p.131.
to lance-shaped, toothed leaves are glossy, seed in fall. tThe fruits of viburnums may maroon and black. Z5–8 V. rhytidophyllum illus. p.112.
purple-tinged, mid-green. In early spring– cause mild stomach upset if ingested. See V. x juddii illus. p.146. V. sargentii. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
summer, bears racemes of saucer-shaped, also feature panel p.142. V. lantana (Wayfaring tree). Vigorous, H and S 10ft (3m). Maplelike, mid-green
deep blue flowers, with small white eyes. V. betulifolium illus. p.142. Deciduous, deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), foliage often changes to yellow or red in
Easily grown and free-flowering. Z4–8 upright, arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). S 12ft (4m). Has broadly ovate, gray-green fall. Broad, flattish, lace-caplike heads of
V. virginica. See Veronicastrum Bright green leaves are slightly glossy leaves that redden in fall, flattened heads white flowers in late spring are followed
virginicum. beneath. Heads of small, white flowers of small, 5-lobed, white flowers in late by spherical, bright red fruits. Z3–7.
in early summer are succeeded by profuse spring and early summer, then egg- ‘Onondaga’, S 6ft (2m), has bronze-red,
724 VERONICASTRUM nodding clusters of decorative, bright shaped, red fruits that ripen to black. Z4–7 young leaves, becoming deep green, then
red fruits in fall–winter. Z5–9 V. lentago (Sheepberry). Vigorous, bronze-red again in fall. Flower buds are
PLANTAGINACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE V. x bodnantense ‘Charles Lamont’. deciduous, upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), pink.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 10ft (3m). Ovate, glossy, dark green V. semperflorens. See V. plicatum
Genus of perennials, grown for their S 6ft (2m). Ovate, toothed, dark green leaves turn red and purple in fall. Flattened f. tomentosum ‘Nanum Semperflorens’.
elegant, pale blue flowers. Fully hardy. leaves are bronze when young. Clusters heads of scented, star-shaped, white V. sieboldii. Deciduous, rounded, dense
Requires a position in sun and moist soil. of fragrant, tubular, bright pink flowers shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Has large,
Propagate by division in spring or fall, by are borne from late fall to early spring.
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer Z6–9. ‘Dawn’ illus. p.143.
or by seed in fall.
VITEX
oblong to ovate, glossy, bright green V. minor (Lesser periwinkle) illus. p.165. shaped and toothed. Bears flat-faced, pale range of clear colors. Joker Series
leaves. Rounded heads of tubular, creamy- ‘Alba Aureovariegata’ see V.m. f. alba blue flowers, with white centers, in early (summer-flowering) illus. p.312. ‘Joker
white flowers are borne in late spring, ‘Alba Variegata’. f. alba ‘Alba Variegata’ summer. Prefers partial shade and moist Light Blue’ (Joker Series) has pale blue
followed by egg-shaped, red-stalked, red (syn. V.m. ‘Alba Aureovariegata’) is an soil. Propagate in spring by division. Z4–8 flowers with deeper blue-and-white faces.
fruits that ripen to black. Z5–9 evergreen, prostrate subshrub. H 6in V. erecta. See V. elatior. ‘Majestic Giants’ (summer-flowering)
V. tinus (Laurustinus). Evergreen, bushy, (15cm), S indefinite. Forms extensive V. glabella. Clump-forming perennial has large flowers in a wide color range.
compact shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has mats of small, ovate, glossy, dark green with a scaly, horizontal rootstock. H 4in Mystical Series (winter- to spring-
ovate, dark green leaves. Freely borne flat leaves, edged with pale yellow, above (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces flat-faced, flowering) includes ‘Banana Cream’
heads of small, white blooms open from which white flowers are borne from bright yellow flowers, with purplish- (Mystical Series), with yellow and creamy
pink buds during late winter and spring, mid-spring to early summer, then veined lower petals, in late spring, above white flowers, ‘Pineapple Crush’
followed by ovoid dark blue-black fruit. intermittently into fall. toothed, heart-shaped, bright green (Mystical Series), with pink and yellow
Z7–9. ‘Eve Price’ illus. p.143. ‘French ‘Argenteovariegata’ (syn. V.m. leaves. Needs shade. Propagate by flowers with dark central blotches, and
White’ is vigorous, with flattened heads ‘Variegata’) has leaves with creamy white division in spring. Z4–8 ‘Red Wing’ (Mystical Series), with yellow
of tiny white flowers opening from deep margins and produces light violet-blue V. ‘Haslemere’. See V. ‘Nellie Britton’. and maroon-red flowers. Sorbet Series
pink buds. ‘Gwenllian’ freely bears V. hederacea, syn. Erpetion reniforme, (winter- to spring-flowering) has small
flattened heads of star-shaped, pale pink flowers. ‘Atropurpurea’ (syn. V.m. V. reniforme (Australian violet, Ivy-leaved flowers, with or without whiskers, in more
flowers from deep pink buds, followed by violet). Evergreen, creeping, mat-forming than 20 color combinations. ‘Antique
abundant fruits. ‘Purpurea’, V.m. ‘Rubra’) bears dark plum- perennial. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite. Shades’ (Sorbet Series) is compact,
purple flowers. ‘Azurea Flore Pleno’ Has tiny, rounded leaves and, in summer, bearing copper-brown and purple flowers
VIGNA (syn. V.m. ‘Caerulea Plena’) has double, bears purple or white flowers, with a variously marked with golden yellow,
sky-blue flowers. ‘Bowles’ Blue’ see squashed appearance, on short stems. orange and red. ‘Fire’ (Sorbet Series)
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE V.m. ‘La Grave’. ‘Caerulea Plena’ see Suitable for growing in an alpine house. produces rich yellow and red flowers with
V.m. ‘Azurea Flore Pleno’. ‘Gertrude Prefers partial shade. Propagate by dark central blotches. Halloween Mixed
Genus of erect and climbing or trailing Jekyll’ is of dense growth and bears a division in spring. Z8–10 (Sorbet Series) produces orange or deep
annuals and evergreen perennials, grown profusion of small, white flowers. Flowers V. ‘Huntercombe Purple’ illus. p.368. blackish maroon flowers. ‘Sorbet Black
mainly as crop plants for their leaves, pods of ‘La Grave’ (syn. V.m. ‘Bowles’ Blue’) V. ‘Irish Molly’. Evergreen, clump- Delight’ (Sorbet Series) illus. p.312.
and seeds. Frost tender. Provide full light are large and lavender-blue. ‘Purpurea’ forming, short-lived perennial. H 4in Sorbet XP Series (winter- to spring-
and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Water see V.m. ‘Atropurpurea’. ‘Ralph Shugert’ (10cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has broadly flowering) has flowers in a wide color
freely when in full growth, sparingly at has gray-green leaves with irregular, white ovate, dissected leaves and, in summer, range, including self-colored and pansy-
other times. Stems require support. Thin margins and abundant, large, mid-blue produces a long succession of flat-faced, type, some with whiskering. Teardrops
crowded stems or cut back hard in spring. flowers. ‘Rubra’ see V.m. ‘Atropurpurea’. old-gold flowers with brown centers. Series (winter- to spring-flowering)
Propagate by seed in fall or spring. ‘Variegata’ see V.m. ‘Argenteovariegata’. Needs a position in sun. Z8–10 produces fragrant flowers in at least
V. caracalla, syn. Phaseolus caracalla Z3–9. V. ‘Jackanapes’ illus. p.359. 8 colors; some are whiskered or have
(Snail flower). Evergreen, perennial, V. rosea. See Catharanthus roseus. V. lutea (Mountain pansy). Mat-forming, bold, darker central blotches.
fast-growing, twining climber. H 10–15ft rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in
(3–5m). Leaves comprise 3 ovate leaflets. VIOLA (15cm). Has small, ovate to lance-shaped Viscaria alpina. See Lychnis alpina. U
From summer to early fall, produces leaves. Flat-faced, yellow, violet, or Viscaria elegans. See Silene V
pealike, purple-marked, cream flowers Violet bicolored flowers are borne in spring W
that turn orange-yellow. Z11–12 and summer. Z4–8 coeli-rosa.
(min. 50–59°F/10–15°C) VIOLACEAE V. ‘Nellie Britton’, syn. V. ‘Haslemere’,
illus. p.367. VITALIANA
Villarsia nymphoides. See Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen, V. obliqua. See V. cucullata.
Nymphoides peltata. semievergreen, and deciduous perennials, V. odorata (Sweet violet). Semievergreen, PRIMULACEAE
and a few deciduous subshrubs, grown spreading, rhizomatous perennial. H 3in
VINCA for their distinctive flowers. Annuals are (7cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Leaves are Genus of one species of evergreen, spring-
suitable as summer bedding, perennials heart-shaped and toothed. Long stems flowering perennial, grown for its flowers.
Periwinkle and subshrubs suit rock gardens, screes, each bear a fragrant, flat-faced, violet or Often included in Douglasia and is useful
and alpine houses. Fully to half hardy. white flower from late winter to early for rock gardens, screes and alpine
APOCYNACEAE Grow in sun or shade and well-drained, spring. Useful in a wild garden. Self seeds houses. Fully hardy. Needs sun and moist,
moisture-retentive soil, unless otherwise prolifically. May also be propagated by well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs stated; a few species prefer acidic soil. division. Z3–8 cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
and herbaceous perennials, grown for their Propagate annuals by seed sown V. pedata (Bird’s-foot violet) illus. p.355. V. primuliflora, syn. Douglasia vitaliana,
foliage and flowers. Flowers are tubular according to flowering season, perennials var. bicolor is a clump-forming perennial illus. p.358.
with 5 spreading lobes. Fully to frost hardy. and subshrubs by softwood cuttings in with a thick rootstock. H 2in (5cm),
Useful for groundcover in shade, but spring unless otherwise stated. Sow S 3in (8cm). Flat-faced, velvety-purple or VITEX 725
flowers more freely in some sun. Grows in seed of species in spring or fall. white flowers are borne singly on slender
any soil that is not too dry. Propagate by V. biflora (Twin-flowered violet). stems in late spring and early summer. LAMIACEAE/VERBENACEAE
semiripe cuttings in summer or by division Creeping, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–6in Leaves are finely divided into 5–7 or more,
from fall to spring. tAll parts may cause (5–15cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat-faced, deep narrow, toothed segments. Suits an alpine Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees
mild stomach upset if ingested. lemon-yellow flowers, veined dark brown, house. May be difficult to grow; needs and shrubs, grown for their flowers. Fully
V. difformis. Evergreen, prostrate are borne singly or in pairs on upright peaty, sandy soil. Z4–8 to frost hardy. Cultivated species are frost
subshrub. H 1ft (30cm), S indefinite. stems in summer. Leaves are kidney- V. reniforme. See V. hederacea. hardy, but in cold areas grow against a
Slender, trailing stems bear ovate, glossy, shaped and mid-green. Needs shade. V. riviniana Purpurea Group illus. south- or west-facing wall. Needs full sun
dark green leaves. Erect flower stems May be propagated by division. Z3–8 p.355. and well-drained soil. Propagate by
produce pale blue flowers in late fall and V. ‘Bowles’ Black’ illus. p.355. V. tricolor (Heartsease, Wild pansy) semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
early winter. Z8–10 V. cornuta (Horned violet). Rhizomatous illus. p.355. in fall or spring.
V. herbacea ‘Hidcote Purple’. See perennial. H 12–20cm (5–8in), S to 8in V. x wittrockiana (Pansy). Group V. agnus-castus (Chaste tree).
V. major var. oxyloba. (20cm) or more. Has ovate, toothed leaves of slow- to moderately fast-growing, Deciduous, spreading, aromatic shrub.
V. hirsuta of gardens. See V. major and flat-faced, angular, spurred, pale to mainly bushy perennials, usually grown H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears upright panicles
var. oxyloba. deep purplish-blue, occasionally white as annuals or biennials. H 6–8in (15–20cm), of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue flowers in
V. major (Greater periwinkle, Quater). flowers in spring and much of summer. S 8in (20cm). Has ovate, often serrated, early and mid-fall. Dark green leaves are
Evergreen, prostrate, arching subshrub. Z6–11. ‘Minor’ illus. p.356. mid-green leaves. Flattish, 5-petaled divided into 5 or 7 long, narrowly lance-
H 11∕2ft (45cm), S indefinite. Has broadly V. cucullata, syn. V. obliqua. Variable, flowers, 1–4in (2.5–10cm) across, in a shaped leaflets. Z6–9. f. latifolia is more
ovate, glossy, dark green leaves. Large, spreading perennial with fleshy rhizomes. very wide color range, are produced vigorous, with broader leaflets.
bright blue flowers are borne from late H 2in (5cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has kidney- throughout summer or in winter–spring. V. negundo. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
spring to early fall. Z7–9. ‘Dartington shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. In late H6. The following are among those H and S 10ft (3m). Mid-green leaves are
Star’ see V.m. var. oxyloba. var. oxyloba spring, produces flat-faced, blue-violet, available: Clear Crystals Series each composed of 3–7 narrowly ovate,
(syn. V.m. ‘Dartington Star’, V. herbacea sometimes white or pale blue flowers. (summer-flowering) comes in a wide sharply toothed leaflets. Has loose panicles
‘Hidcote Purple’, V. hirsuta of gardens) has Propagate in spring. Z3–8 of small, tubular, violet-blue flowers from
leaves, leaf stalks, and calyces edged with V. elatior, syn. V. erecta. Upright, little- late summer through to early fall. Z6–9
long hairs. ‘Variegata’ illus. p.164. branched perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
S 6in (15cm). Leaves are broadly lance-
VITIS
VITIS Broadly strap-shaped, arching, yellowish- of narrowly elliptic to ovate, mid-green WEIGELA
to deep green leaves, are cross-banded leaves. Suits a rock garden. (borderline)
Vine with reddish-brown, particularly beneath. W. congesta, syn. W. saxicola var. CAPRIFOLIACEAE/DIERVILLACEAE
In summer–fall, flat spikes of tubular, pale congesta. Mat-forming, creeping,
VITACEAE yellow or greenish-yellow flowers, with rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm), Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
brownish-red tips, are produced well S 4in (10cm). Has small, rounded or spoon- their showy, bell- to funnel-shaped
Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, above the foliage. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) shaped, mid-green leaves and, in summer, flowers. Good for a mixed or shrub
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage V. hieroglyphica (King of the bromeliads). bell-shaped, lavender-blue or white border, or for open woodland. Fully hardy.
and fruits (grapes), which are produced Evergreen perennial with dense, funnel- flowers held singly on wiry stems. Z9–11 Prefers sunny, fertile soil. To maintain
in bunches. Fully hardy. Prefers fertile, shaped rosettes. H and S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). W. pumilo. See Edraianthus pumilo. vigor, prune out a few older branches to
well-drained, chalky soil and sun or partial Produces broadly strap-shaped, arching, W. saxicola var. congesta. See ground level, after flowering each year.
shade. Produces the best fruits and fall yellowish-green leaves, cross-banded W. congesta. Straggly, old plants may be pruned hard in
leaf-color when planted in a warm and checkered with dark brownish-green. W. serpyllifolia. See Edraianthus spring (although this will lose one season’s
situation. Propagate by hardwood In summer, bears panicles of tubular, serpyllifolius. flowers). Propagate by softwood cuttings
cuttings in late fall. yellow flowers well above the leaves. in summer.
V. aconitifolia. See Ampelopsis Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) WALDSTEINIA W. ‘Bristol Ruby’. Vigorous, upright
aconitifolia. V. platynema. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Deep red
V. amurensis (Amur grape). Vigorous, epiphytic perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). ROSACEAE flowers open from darker buds amid
deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril Broadly strap-shaped, mid- to light green ovate, toothed, mid-green leaves in late
climber. H 20ft (6m). Has dark green, leaves, with purple tips, form dense Genus of rhizomatous, herbaceous spring and early summer. Z4–8
3- or 5-lobed leaves, 5–12in (12–30cm) long, rosettes. In summer, produces flat racemes perennials, grown for their foliage and W. ‘Candida’. Bushy shrub. H and S 8ft
that mature to red and purple in fall. of tubular, green-and-yellow flowers, with flowers. Provides good groundcover. Fully (2.5m). Pure white flowers are borne in late
Produces inconspicuous flowers through red or yellow bracts. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) hardy. Needs sun and well-drained soil. spring and early summer. Leaves are
the summer, followed, in late summer and V. psittacina. Evergreen, spreading, Propagate by division in early spring. ovate, toothed, and bright green. Z4–8
fall, by tiny, black fruits. Z4–8 basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and W. ternata, syn. W. trifolia, illus. p.372. W. Carnaval (‘Courtalor’). Vigorous,
V. ‘Brant’ (illus. p.208). Deciduous, S 16–24in (40–60cm). Has dense rosettes of W. trifolia. See W. ternata. upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H to 22ft strap-shaped, arching, pale green leaves. ovate, dark green leaves. In late spring and
(7m) or more. Has leaves that are lobed, Flat spikes of tubular, yellow flowers with WASHINGTONIA early summer, bears bell-shaped, pale
toothed, 4–9in (10–22cm) long and bright green tips, emerging from red-and-yellow pink, white, and dark pink flowers. Z4–8
green. In fall, they mature to brown-red, or red-and-green bracts, are borne in ARECACEAE/PALMAE W. coraeensis. Upright to spreading
except for the veins. Inconspicuous summer–fall. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) shrub. H and S 111∕2ft (3.5m). Has shiny,
flowers are borne in summer, followed V. splendens (Flaming sword; illus. Genus of evergreen, single-stemmed ovate, toothed leaves. In early summer,
by green or purple fruits. Z4–8 p.471). Evergreen, basal-rosetted, epiphytic palms, grown for their stately appearance. bears bell-shaped, white or pale pink
V. coignetiae (Crimson glory vine) illus. perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has dense Frost tender. Grow in fertile, well-drained flowers, aging to carmine-red. Z4–8
p.209. rosettes of strap-shaped, arching, olive- soil and in full sun. Water containerized W. florida. Deciduous, arching shrub.
V. henryana. See Parthenocissus green leaves, with purple to reddish-brown specimens freely in summer, moderately H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears deep pink flowers,
henryana. cross-bands. In summer and fall, bears flat, at other times. Remove skirt of persistent, pale pink to white inside, in late spring
V. heterophylla. See Ampelopsis sword-shaped racemes of tubular, yellow dead leaves regularly as they are a fire and early summer. Ovate, toothed leaves
brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii. flowers, between bright red bracts. Z12 risk. Propagate by seed in spring at not are mid-green. Z4–8. ‘Alexandra’ see
(min. 59°F/15°C) less than 75°F (24°C). Red spider mite may W.f. Wine and Roses (‘alexandra’).
U V. quinquefolia. See Parthenocissus be a nuisance. ‘Variegata’ see W. ‘Nana Variegata’
V quinquefolia. x Vuylstekeara Cambria gx W. filifera (Desert fan palm). Fast- Wine and roses (‘Alexandra’) (syn. W.f.
W V. striata. See Cissus striata. ‘Lensing’s Favorite’. See growing, evergreen palm. H and S to 80ft ‘Alexandra’), H 4–51∕2ft (1.2–1.6m), S 51∕2–6ft
x Oncidopsis Cambria gx ‘Lensing’s (25m). Has fan-shaped, long-stalked, gray- (1.6–1.8m), has dark red-brown leaves
V. thomsonii. See Cayratia thomsonii. Favorite’. green leaves, each lobe with a filamentous and produces abundant, bright purplish
V. vinifera (Grape vine). ‘Purpurea’ tip. Long-stalked clusters of tiny, creamy- pink flowers.
illus. p.210. ‘Spetchley Red’ is a WACHENDORFIA white flowers are borne in summer and W. ‘Looymansii Aurea’ illus. p.154.
woody climber. H 22ft (7m). Has rounded, berrylike, black fruits in winter. Z10–12 W. middendorffiana illus. p.159.
3- to 5-lobed, toothed, mid-green leaves, HAEMODORACEAE (min. 46–50°F/8–10°C) W. ‘Nana Variegata’, syn. W. florida
turning crimson-red in fall. Produces W. robusta (Thread palm) illus. p.451. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.152.
small, unpalatable, spherical purple Genus of summer-flowering, deciduous W. praecox ‘Variegata’. See
grapes in fall. Z6–10 or evergreen, tuberous perennials, grown WATSONIA W. ‘Praecox Variegata’.
for their large, terminal panicles of star- W. ‘Praecox Variegata’, syn.
726 VRIESEA shaped, yellow flowers. Half hardy. IRIDACEAE W. praecox ‘Variegata’, W. ‘Variegata’.
Requires a position in full sun and in Upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).
BROMELIACEAE moist soil. Propagate by division in Genus of cormous perennials, Gladiolus- Produces ovate, toothed, bright green
spring or by seed in fall or spring. like in overall appearance, although leaves with broad creamy-white margins.
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, W. thyrsiflora. Clump-forming perennial. flowers are more tubular. Frost hardy to Bears fragrant, pink flowers, marked
mostly epiphytic perennials, grown for H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 11∕2ft (45cm). Shallowly half hardy. Needs an open, sunny position inside with yellow, in late spring. Z4–8
their flowers and overall appearance. Frost cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers are and light, well-drained soil. In fall, plant W. ‘Red Prince’. Upright, rounded
tender. Needs a position in partial shade borne in dense panicles in early summer. 4–6in (10–15cm) deep; protect with shrub. H and S 51∕2ft (1.6m). Has reddish
and a rooting medium of equal parts Mid-green leaves are narrowly sword- bracken, loose peat, or similar during brown branches and large, narrowly
humus-rich soil and either sphagnum moss, shaped, pleated, and rather coarse. Z10–11 first winter, if frost is expected. Feed with ovate leaves, with purplish red tints.
bark, or plastic chips used for orchid slow-acting fertilizer, such as bonemeal, in In late spring, produces bell-shaped,
culture. Using soft water, water moderately WAHLENBERGIA summer. Leave corms undisturbed to form lightly fragrant, dark red flowers. Z4–8
when in growth, sparingly at other times, clumps. Propagate by seed in fall. W. ‘Variegata’. See W. ‘Praecox
and from mid-spring to mid-fall keep CAMPANULACEAE W. beatricis. See W. pillansii. Variegata’.
rosette centers filled with water. Propagate W. borbonica, syn. W. pyramidata,
plants by offsets or seed in spring. See also Genus of mat-forming to upright annuals illus. p.386. Weingartia neocumingii. See Rebutia
feature panel p.471. and perennials, grown for their bell- W. fourcadei. Clump-forming, summer- neocumingii.
V. fenestralis. Evergreen, epiphytic shaped flowers. Borderline fully hardy to flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11∕2ft
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped half hardy. Needs a sheltered site, partial (30–45cm). Sword-shaped, erect leaves are WELDENIA
rosettes. H and S 12–16in (30–40cm). Pale shade, and well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. mostly basal. Bears a dense spike of
green leaves, with dark lines and cross- Useful for an alpine house. Propagate by tubular, salmon-red flowers, each 3–31∕2in COMMELINACEAE
bands, are very broadly strap-shaped and seed in fall. (8–9cm) long and with 6 lobes. Z9–11
arching or rolled under at tips. In summer, W. albomarginata (New Zealand W. meriania illus. p.385. Genus of one species of summer-
flat racemes of tubular, yellowish-green bluebell). Basal-rosetted, rhizomatous W. pillansii, syn. W. beatricis, illus. p.386. flowering, tuberous perennial, grown
flowers, with green bracts, are borne perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) or more. In W. pyramidata. See W. borbonica. for its cup-shaped, white flowers. Frost
above the foliage. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) summer, slender stems bear a bell-shaped, hardy. Needs sun and gritty, well-drained
V. fosteriana. Evergreen, epiphytic clear blue flower that opens flat. Has tufts Wattakaka sinensis. See Dregea soil. Keep dry from fall until growth
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped sinensis.
rosettes. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more.
WULFENIA
restarts in late winter. Suitable for alpine white flowers, with yellow-marked upper broadly ovate to elliptic leaflets. WOLLEMIA
houses. Propagate by root cuttings in petals, in mid- to late spring, followed by H 28ft (9m) or more. Produces pealike,
winter or by division in early spring. velvety green seed pods. Z5–9. ‘Alba’ see fragrant, violet-blue flowers, with white Wollemi pine
W. candida illus. p.348. W.b. f. albiflora ‘Shiro-kapitan’. and yellow markings, in pendent racemes,
f. albiflora ‘Shiro-kapitan’ (syn. W.b. to 10in (25cm) long, in late spring and ARAUCARIACEAE
WELWITSCHIA ‘Alba’, W.b. ‘Shiro-kapitan’, W.b. ‘White early summer, often followed by beanlike,
Silk’, W. venusta, W.v. ‘Alba’; illus. p.205) velvety green seed pods, to 15cm (6in) Genus of one species of evergreen conifer
WELWITSCHIACEAE produces very fragrant, occasionally long. Z5–9 with narrowly oblong, pointed, needlelike,
double, white flowers, with a yellow stain W. frutescens (American wisteria; dark green leaves set opposite each other
Genus of one species of evergreen, desert- at the base of each standard. illus p.205). Deciduous, woody-stemmed, along shoot. See also CONIFERS.
growing perennial with a deep tap root. ‘Murasaki-kapitan’ see W. x valderi twining climber. H 25–30ft (8–10m). Pinnate W. nobilis (Wollemi pine) illus. p.96.
Has only 2 leaves, which lie on the ground ‘Murasaki-kapitan’. ‘Okayama’ has violet- leaves comprise 9–15 bright green, oblong
and grow continuously from the base for blue flower buds, opening paler; highly to lance-shaped leaflets. In early summer, WOODSIA U
up to 100 years. Frost tender. Needs sun scented. ‘Shiro-kapitan’ see W.b. f. produces fragrant, lilac to pale purple, V
and sharply drained soil. Requires desert albiflora ‘Shiro-kapitan’. pealike flowers in pendant clusters. WOODSIACEAE W
conditions: may succeed in a mixture of ‘Showa-beni’ has lilac-pink flowers with Beanlike, olive-green seed pods, 3–4in
stone chippings and leaf mold, in a piece a greenish yellow mark on each standard. (8–10cm) long, form in late summer and Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for
of drainpipe to take its long tap root. ‘White Silk’ see W.b. f. albiflora ‘Shiro- persist into winter. Z5–9. var. frutescens rock gardens and alpine houses. Fully to
Propagate by seed when ripe. kapitan’. ‘Amethyst Falls’ (illus. p.205) bears frost hardy. Tolerates sun or partial shade.
W. bainesii. See W. mirabilis. W. chinensis. See W. sinensis. flowers with a bluish tint. var. frutescens May be difficult to cultivate: soil must
W. mirabilis, syn. W. bainesii. Evergreen W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria). ‘Longwood Purple’ (illus. p.205) provide constant moisture and also be
perennial with a short, woody trunk. Vigorous twining climber. H 28ft (9m) produces deeper purple blooms. quick-draining, and crowns of plants must
H to 1ft (30cm), S indefinite. Has 2 strap- or more. Pinnate leaves comprise 11–19 W. sinensis, syn. W. chinensis (Chinese sit above soil to avoid rotting. Propagate
shaped leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with tips ovate to lance-shaped leaflets. In early wisteria). Vigorous, deciduous, woody- by division in early spring.
splitting to form many tendrillike strips. summer, pealike, fragrant, blue to violet, stemmed, twining climber. H to 100ft (30m). W. obtusa. Deciduous, tufted, terrestrial
Bears small, reddish-brown cones. pink, or white flowers, the standards Has leaves comprising 11 elliptic or ovate or rock-dwelling fern. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
Z12 (min. 66°F/19°C) marked with white and yellow, are borne leaflets. Produces fragrant, lilac or pale S 8in (20cm). In early spring, produces
in pendent racemes, to 1ft (30cm) or more violet flowers, in racemes 8–12in (20–30cm) lance-shaped to ovate, pale green fronds,
WESTRINGIA long, the flowers opening gradually from long, in early summer, followed by velvety to 1ft (30cm) long; each is composed of
the bases to the tips; they are often seed pods. Z5–9. ‘Alba’ see W.s. f. alba 8–15 pairs of elliptic to ovate pinnae,
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE followed by beanlike, velvety green seed ‘Jako’. f. alba ‘Jako’ (syn. W.s. ‘Alba’) has with blunt-tipped segments, covered
pods, to 6in (15cm) long. Z5–9. ‘Alba’ see strongly scented, pealike, white flowers in in somewhat sticky hairs. Z4–8
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for W.f. f. alba ‘Shiro-noda’. f. alba ‘Shiro- racemes 8–12in (25–30cm) long. W. polystichoides (Holly-fern woodsia).
their flowers and overall appearance. noda’ (syn. W.f. ‘Alba’, W.f. ‘Shiro-noda’; ‘Amethyst’ has deep bronze young foliage Deciduous, tufted fern. H 4–12in (10–30cm),
Good for a border, or as a hedge or screen, illus. p.196) bears white flowers in racemes and bears very fragrant, deep purplish-blue S 8–16in (20–40cm). In early spring, has
in mild regions. Frost tender. Requires full 2ft (60cm) long. ‘Black Dragon’ see W.f. flowers with paler standards. ‘Prolific’ lance-shaped, divided, pale green fronds,
light and well-drained soil. Water potted ‘Kokuryu’. ‘Domino’ produces blue-violet (illus. p.205), H to 100ft (30m), is vigorous, to 14in (35cm) long, softly hairy on both
specimens moderately, less when not in full flowers with light purple-blue standards, producing abundant, single, lilac-blue to surfaces and scaly beneath; each is
growth. Propagate by seed in spring or by marked yellow at the base, and darker pale violet-blue flowers in longer racemes. composed of 15–30 pairs of narrowly
semiripe cuttings in late summer. purple-blue wing and keel petals, in spring W. x valderi ‘Burford’. Vigorous, sickle-shaped or oblong pinnae, with
W. fruticosa, syn. W. rosmariniformis and sometimes again in fall. ‘Double twining, hybrid climber. H 12-25ft (4–8m). slightly toothed margins. May be damaged
(Australian rosemary), illus. p.453. Black Dragon’ see W.f. f. pleniflora In late spring to early summer, bears by late frosts. Z4–8
W. rosmariniformis. See W. fruticosa. ‘Yae-kokuryu’. abundant, dense racemes, to 11⁄2ft (45cm)
‘Hon-beni’ see W.f. f. rosea ‘Honi-beni’. long, of fragrant, pale violet flowers, with WOODWARDIA
Wigginsia. See Parodia. ‘Kokuryu’ (syn. W.f. ‘Black Dragon’) a pale, yellow-white blotch on the standard
Wilcoxia albiflora. See Echinocereus is early- and free-flowering, bearing petal, and darker blue-violet wings and BLECHNACEAE
racemes, 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm) long, of about keel. Z5–9. ‘Murasaki-kapitan’ (syn.
leucanthus. 100 scented, dark purplish-violet flowers, W. brachybotrys ‘Murasaki-kapitan’, Genus of evergreen or deciduous ferns,
Wilcoxia schmollii. See Echinocereus each with a pale yellowish-white blotch on W. venusta ‘Violacea’) has deep blue-violet ideal for clothing a moist, shady bank,
the standard petal. ‘Lawrence’ has flowers with prominent white, slightly especially near water. Fully to frost hardy.
schmollii. densely packed racemes of pale violet-blue yellow-tinged markings on the standards. Prefers partial shade and fibrous, moist,
x Wilsonara Hambühren Stern gx flowers, with greenish-yellow bases on the W. venusta. See W. brachybotrys peaty soil. Remove faded fronds regularly.
standards, and darker blue-violet keel and f. albiflora ‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Alba’ see Propagate by division in spring.
‘Cheam’. See Oncidium Hambühren wing petals, borne in spring. W. brachybotrys f. albiflora ‘Shiro- W. fimbriata (Giant chain fern). Evergreen
Stern gx ‘Cheam’. ‘Macrobotrys’ see W.f. f. multijuga kapitan’. ‘Violacea’ see W. x valderi fern. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Produces
Wintera aromatica. See Drimys ‘yushaku’. ‘Multijuga’ see W.f. f. ‘Murasaki-kapitan’. lance-shaped or elliptic, pinnate, mid-
winteri. multijuga ‘yushaku’. f. multijuga green fronds, up to 8ft (2.5m) long. Z9–11
‘yushaku’ (syn. W.f. ‘Macrobotrys’, WOLFFIA W. unigemmata (Asian chain fern).
WISTERIA W.f. ‘Multijuga’) bears lilac-blue flowers Evergreen fern. H 3ft (1m), S 10ft (3m). Has
in racemes 3–4ft (90–120cm) long. Duckweed arching, broadly lance-shaped, pinnate,
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE f. pleniflora ‘Yae-kokuryu’ (syn. dark green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long. New
W.f. ‘Double Black Dragon’, W.f. ‘Violacea ARACEAE foliage emerges brilliant red and fades to
Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, Plena’, W.f. ‘Yae-kokuryu’; illus. p.205) brown and then green. (borderline) Z7–10
twining climbers, grown for their bears racemes 14in (35cm) long, of slightly Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
spectacular, fragrant, pealike flowers. ragged, fully double, lilac-purple flowers floating water plants, grown for their WULFENIA 727
Flowers are followed by beanlike, with dark purple-indigo centers. curiosity value as the smallest-known
pendant, green, seed pods. Suitable for ‘Rosea’ see W.f. f. rosea ‘Honi-beni’. flowering plants. Frost hardy to frost PLANTAGINACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE
walls, pergolas, and growing against f. rosea ‘Honi-beni’ (syn. W.f. ‘Honi- tender. Needs a sunny position. Ideal for
buildings and trees. Fully hardy. Needs beni’, W.f. ‘Rosea’; illus. p.205) has racemes cold-water aquariums; in warmer climates Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
a position in sun and in fertile, well- 12–16in (30–40cm) long of dark purplish- can be grown in an outdoor pool. Remove perennials, grown mainly for their
drained soil. Prune after flowering and pink flowers with a yellow mark on the excess plantlets as required. Propagate by spikelike racemes of tubular, 2-lipped
again in late winter. Propagate by bench standard bases. ‘Shiro-noda’ see redistribution of plantlets. flowers. Fully hardy. Suitable for an alpine
grafting in winter or by seed in fall or W.f. f. alba ‘Shiro-noda. ‘Violacea Plena’ W. arrhiza (Least duckweed). house. Needs full sun and well-drained
spring. Plants grown from seed may not see W.f. f. pleniflora ‘Yae-kokuryu’. Semievergreen, perennial, floating water soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
flower for some years and often have poor ‘Yae-kokuryu’ see W.f. f. pleniflora plant. S indefinite. Rootless, rounded, seed in fall.
flowers. tAll parts may cause severe ‘Yae-kokuryu’. bright green fronds are 1∕16 in (1mm) W. amherstiana illus. p.341.
discomfort if ingested. See also feature W. x formosa. Vigorous twining climber across. Insignificant, green-tinged, white W. carinthiaca. Evergreen perennial.
panel p.205. with pinnate leaves comprising 9–15, flowers are produced in summer. Z10–11 H and S 10in (25cm). Produces rosettes
W. brachybotrys (Silky wisteria). of oblong to ovate, toothed, dark green
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining leaves, hairy beneath. In summer, bears
climber. H to 28ft (9m) or more. Leaves are dense, one-sided racemes of small, tubular,
8–14in (20–35cm) long, each with 9–13 violet-blue flowers on erect stems. Z5–8
ovate leaflets. Produces 4–6in (10–15cm)
long racemes of scented, pealike, violet to
XANTHOCERAS
XYZ H and S 4ft (1.2m). Purplish leaf stalks, Y. aloifolia (Spanish bayonet). Slow- ZANTEDESCHIA
to over 2ft (60cm) long, bear arrow-shaped growing, evergreen shrub or small tree
XANTHOCERAS leaf blades, 28in (70cm) long, dark with few branches. H 25ft (8m), S 12–15ft Arum lily
green with purple midribs and veins. (4–5m). Has sword-shaped, deep green
SAPINDACEAE Intermittently bears greenish-purple leaves, 20–30in (50–75cm) long, and large ARACEAE
spathes, yellower within, surrounding a panicles of purple-tinted, white flowers
Genus of one species of erect, deciduous, brownish spadix. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C) in summer–fall. Z9–11 Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous or
spring- to summer-flowering shrub, grown Y. filamentosa (Adam’s needle). Clump- rhizomatous perennials, usually remaining
for its foliage and flowers. Fully hardy. XERANTHEMUM forming, evergreen, basal-rosetted shrub. evergreen in a warm climate, grown for
Requires a sunny position and fertile, well- H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). From mid- to their erect, funnel-shaped spathes and
drained soil. Does best in areas with hot Immortelle late summer, produces tall panicles of club-shaped spadix. Fully hardy to frost
summers. Propagate by seed sown in fall pendulous, tulip-shaped, white flowers, tender. Requires full sun or partial shade
or by root cuttings or suckers in late ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE which rise up through low-growing tufts and well-drained soil. Z. aethiopica will
winter. Prone to coral spot fungus. of sword-shaped, deep green leaves, also grow in 6–12in (15–30cm) of water
X. sorbifolium illus. p.112. Genus of summer-flowering annuals. edged with white threads. Z5–10. ‘Bright and therefore is suitable as a marginal
Half hardy. Grow in sun and in fertile, Edge’ has leaves with broad yellow water plant. Propagate by offsets in winter.
XANTHOCYPARIS very well-drained soil. Propagate by margins. Z5–10. ‘Color Guard’ has tAll parts of the plant may cause mild
seed sown outdoors in spring. cream-colored leaves with green margins. stomach upset if ingested, and contact
CUPRESSACEAE X. annuum [double] illus. p.305. Y. filifera ‘Ivory’. See Y. flaccida ‘Ivory’. with the sap may irritate the skin.
Y. flaccida. Clump-forming, almost Z. aethiopica (Arum lily). Clump-
Genus of conifers with flattened sprays of XEROCHRYSUM stemless shrub. H 22in (55cm), S 5ft (1.5m). forming, rhizomatous perennial, evergreen
scalelike adult leaves and larger, linear, Has basal rosettes of lance-shaped, dark in mild areas. H and S 3ft (90cm). Has
young leaves in whorls of four. Fully syn. BRACHTEANTHA blue-green leaves, to 22in (55cm) long, semierect, arrow-shaped, glossy, bright
hardy. Cones are small and spherical. fringed with curly or straight threads. green leaves, to 11⁄2ft (45cm) long. In late
Cultivars of X. nootkatensis are striking ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Bears nodding, bell-shaped white flowers spring to midsummer, bears a succession
specimen trees. tContact with foliage in mid- and late summer. Z6–10. ‘Golden of large, pure white spathes, to 10in (25cm)
may aggravate skin allergies. See also Genus of herbaceous perennials and Sword’ has yellow-margined leaves. Z5–10. long, with creamy yellow spadices. Z8–10.
CONIFERS. annuals, grown for their daisylike flower ‘Ivory’ (syn. Y. filifera ‘Ivory’) illus. p.151. ‘Crowborough’ illus. p.437.
X. nootkatensis, syn. Chamaecyparis heads with papery bracts. Stalkless, hairy Y. gloriosa (Spanish dagger) illus. p.132. ‘Green Goddess’ illus. p.408.
nootkatensis (Nootka cypress). Almost leaves are borne on erect, branching stems. ‘Variegata’ has yellow-margined leaves. Z. albomaculata, syn. Z. melanoleuca.
geometrically conical conifer. H 50ft (15m), Frost to half hardy. Needs full sun and Y. parviflora. See Hesperaloe parviflora. Summer-flowering, tuberous perennial.
S 20ft (6m). Bears long, pendent sprays of moderately fertile, moist but well-drained Y. whipplei. See Hesperoyucca whipplei. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has
scalelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves and soil. Propagate by seed sown in spring. arrow-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
globular, hooked, dark blue and green X. bracteatum is often grown for cutting YUSHANIA with transparent spots. Produces a yellow
cones that ripen to brown. Z4–7. and drying. spadix inside a white to cream, pale yellow
X. bracteatum (Everlasting flower, POACEAE/GRAMINEAE or pale pink spathe, 5–8in (12–20cm) long,
X ‘Pendula’ has a gaunt crown of arching, Immortelle, Strawflower). Moderately fast- shading to green at the base and with a
weeping foliage. growing, upright, branching annual or See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, purple blotch inside. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
short-lived perennial. H 4–36in (10–100cm), and SEDGES. Z. ‘Black-eyed Beauty’. Summer-
Y S 1ft (30cm). Has broadly lance-shaped, Y. anceps, syn. Arundinaria anceps, A. flowering, tuberous perennial. H 12–16in
Z Xanthophthalmum. See Glebionis. mid-green leaves and papery, daisylike jaunsarensis, Sinarundinaria jaunsarensis (30–40cm), S 6in (15cm). Broadly heart-
flower heads in bright white, yellow, pink, (Anceps bamboo). Evergreen, spreading shaped, semierect, mid- to dark green,
XANTHORRHOEA or red from late spring to fall. Flower bamboo. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S indefinite. basal leaves are heavily spotted white.
heads dry well. Z10–11. Bright Bikini Erect, later arching, stems bearing several Each flower stem has a yellow spadix
Blackboy, Grass tree Series, H and S 1ft (30cm), has double branches at each node. Z8–11. ‘Pitt and cream spathe, 6in (15cm) long, with
flower heads, to 3in (8cm) across, in red, White’ illus. p.288. a central black mark in the throat.
XANTHORRHOEACEAE pink, orange, yellow, or white. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
Monstrosum Series cultivars, H 3ft ZABELIA Z. ‘Black Magic’. Summer-flowering,
Genus of evergreen, long-lived perennials, (90cm), have fully double flower heads. tuberous perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 8in
grown mainly as foliage plants. Frost Sundaze Series Sundaze Gold CAPRIFOLIACEAE (20cm). Broadly heart-shaped, semierect,
tender. Needs full sun, well-drained soil (‘Redbragol’) illus. p.320. mid- to dark green, basal leaves are
and a fairly dry atmosphere. Propagate Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for heavily mottled white. Each flower stem
by basal offsets or seed in spring. XEROPHYLLUM their foliage and freely borne flowers. bears a golden-yellow spadix, surrounded
X. australis. Evergreen perennial with Fully to half hardy, but in cold areas does by a black-throated, yellow spathe, 6in
a stout, dark trunk. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE best against a south- or west-facing wall. (15cm) long. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Very narrow, arching, Requires a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, Z. ‘Cameo’ illus. p.395.
flattened, silvery-green leaves, 2ft (60cm) Genus of elegant, summer-flowering, well-drained soil. Remove dead wood in Z. elliottiana (Golden arum lily) illus.
or more long, 1⁄16in (2mm) wide, spread rhizomatous, clump-forming perennials. late spring and prune out older branches p.393.
from top of the trunk. In summer, may Fully hardy. Prefers full sun and moist, after flowering to restrict growth, if needed. Z. ‘Garnet Glow’. Summer-flowering,
produce small, fragrant, 6-petaled, white peaty soil. May be difficult to cultivate. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer. tuberous perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in
flowers, in dense, candlelike spikes, 2ft Propagate by seed in fall. Zabelia triflora, syn. Abelia triflora, (20cm). Produces white-spotted leaves and
(60cm) or more long, on stems of similar X. tenax. Clump-forming perennial. illus. p.113. light red spathes. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
length. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Star- Z. ‘Kiwi Blush’. Clump-forming,
shaped, white flowers, with violet anthers, ZALUZIANSKYA tuberous perennial. H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 2ft
728 XANTHOSOMA are borne in dense, terminal racemes in (60cm). Has heart-shaped, mid-green
summer. Basal leaves are mid-green. Z4–8 SCROPHULARIACEAE leaves. From mid-spring to late summer,
ARACEAE produces thick-textured, white spathes,
YUCCA Genus of sticky, low-growing annuals with pale pink throats maturing to
Genus of perennials, with underground and evergreen perennials and subshrubs, darker pink. Z8–10
tubers or thick stems above ground, syn. HESPEROYUCCA with spikes of fragrant, tubular flowers Z. melanoleuca. See Z. albomaculata.
grown mainly for their attractive foliage. with spreading petals. Frost hardy to half Z. ‘Picasso’. Summer-flowering,
Many species are cultivated in the tropics ASPARAGACEAE hardy. Needs full sun and moist, sharply tuberous perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 11⁄2ft
for their edible tubers. Frost tender. Needs drained, humus-rich soil. Propagate by (45cm). Has arrow-shaped, white-spotted
a position in partial shade and rich, moist Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, stem-tip cuttings in summer. leaves. Produces purple spathes with white
soil. Keep in a contantly moist atmosphere. grown for the architectural value of their Z. ovata. Clump-forming, evergreen edges. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
Propagate by division; alternatively, take bold, sword-shaped, clustered leaves and perennial. H to 10in (25cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Z. rehmannii (Pink arum).
stem cuttings in spring or summer. showy panicles of usually white flowers. Branching, brittle stems bear ovate, Summer-flowering, tuberous perennial.
X. nigrum. See X. violaceum. Good for growing in containers. Fully toothed, sticky, gray-green leaves. H 16in (40cm), S 1ft (30cm). Green basal
X. sagittifolium illus. p.474. hardy to frost tender. Needs full sun and Crimson-backed, white flowers are borne leaves are arrow-shaped and semierect.
X. violaceum, syn. X. nigrum. Stemless well-drained soil. Water containerized over a long period in summer. Z7–10
perennial with large, underground tubers specimens moderately; reduce watering
and leaves rising from ground level. when not in full growth. Regularly remove
spent flowering stems. Propagate in spring:
frost-tender species by seed or suckers,
hardier species by root cuttings or division.
ZYGOPETALUM
Each flower stem has a yellow spadix, ‘Strawberry Corn’, H 4ft (1.2m), has seed ZIGADENUS Magellan Series, H 12–14in (30–35cm), X
surrounded by a reddish-pink spathe, heads with small, yellow to burgundy-red S 10–12in (25–30cm), are compact and Y
7–3in (8cm) long. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) grains within yellow-green spathe-bracts. MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE branching, with double flower heads in Z
cherry-red, orange, pink, salmon-pink and
ZANTHOXYLUM Zebrina pendula. See Tradescantia Genus of summer-flowering bulbs with scarlet. Pop Art Series, H 2ft (60cm),
zebrina. spikes of star-shaped, 6-petaled flowers. produce fully double flower heads in white
RUTACEAE Frost hardy. Requires sun or partial shade or bright yellow, each petal flecked or
ZELKOVA and well-drained soil. Water copiously in streaked with bright red. ‘Purple
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, spiny spring and summer, when in growth; less Prince’, H 30in (75cm), is robust, with
shrubs and trees, grown for their aromatic ULMACEAE at other times. Remains dormant in winter. fully double, deep pink-purple flower
foliage, fruits, and habit. Fully hardy to Propagate by division in early spring or by heads, 4–5in (10–12cm) across. ‘Queen
frost tender. Needs sun or partial shade Genus of deciduous trees, grown mainly seed sown in fall or spring. tAll parts are Lime Red’ (Queen Series), H 30in (75cm),
and fertile soil. Propagate by seed in fall or for their foliage and habit. Best planted as highly toxic if ingested. is upright and branching, bearing fully
by root cuttings in late winter. single specimens. Has insignificant flowers Z. elegans. Clump-forming, summer- double flower heads with pale red outer
Z. piperitum (Japan pepper). Deciduous, in spring. Fully hardy, but prefers some flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), petals fading to lime green and deep
bushy, spiny shrub or small tree. H and shelter. Does best in full sun and requires S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has long, narrow, semi- maroon centers. Swizzle Series,
S 8ft (2.5m). Has aromatic, glossy, dark deep, fertile, moist but well-drained soil. erect, basal leaves. Every stem bears a spike H 10–12in (25–30cm), are bushy, with fully
green leaves composed of many leaflets. Propagate by seed in fall. of greenish-white flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) across, double, bicolored flowers, combining
Small, red fruits follow tiny, greenish- Z. abelicea, syn. Z. cretica. Deciduous, with yellowish-green nectaries. Z9–11 cherry red and ivory white or scarlet and
yellow, spring flowers. Z3–7 bushy-headed, spreading tree. H 15ft (5m), Z. fremontii. Clump-forming, early yellow. Good in containers.
Z. simulans illus. p.141. S 22ft (7m). Bears small, ovate, dark green summer-flowering bulb. H 12–20in Z. marylandica Zahara Series.
leaves that are prominently toothed. Z5–8 (30–50cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has long, Bushy and branching annuals. H 1–11∕2ft
ZAUSCHNERIA Z. carpinifolia (Caucasian elm) illus. p.64. strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. (30–45cm). Produce flower heads in white
Z. cretica. See Z. abelicea. Stem produces a spike of star-shaped, and shades of pink, red, rose-red, orange
ONAGRACEAE Z. serrata illus. p.67. pale creamy-green flowers, with darker and yellow. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C). ‘Fire’
green nectaries on petal bases. Z9–11 illus. p.325. ‘Rose Starlight’ bears single
Genus of subshrubby, evergreen or ZENOBIA Z. nuttallii. Clump-forming, summer- or semidouble, bicolor, creamy white
deciduous perennials, grown for their flowering bulb. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 3in flower heads with fuchsia-pink marks at
profusion of flowers. Borderline fully ERICACEAE (8cm). Narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, the base of the petals, resembling a star.
hardy to frost hardy. Requires sun and basal leaves are mid- to dark green. Bears ‘Sunburst’ has bicolor flower heads that
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or Genus of one species of deciduous or dense spikes of tiny, creamy-yellow open yellow and develop a deep red stripe
division in spring, or by side-shoot semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub, flowers, 1⁄4–3⁄8in (6–8mm) across. Z9–11 down the center of each petal, surrounded
cuttings in summer. grown for its flowers. Fully hardy. Needs by lighter red staining. ‘Zahara Starlight
Z. californica, syn. Epilobium partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. ZINGIBER Rose’ illus. p.298.
californicum. Clump-forming, woody- Prune out older, weaker shoots after
based, evergreen or semievergreen flowering to maintain vigor. Propagate Ginger ZIZANIA
perennial. H and S 11∕2ft (45cm). Terminal by semiripe cuttings in summer.
clusters of tubular, bright scarlet flowers, Z. pulverulenta illus. p.130. ZINGIBERACEAE POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
on slender stems, are borne in late
summer and early fall. Has lance-shaped, ZEPHYRANTHES Genus of herbaceous or evergreen See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
rich green leaves. (borderline) Z5–9. perennials, grown for their spicy rhizomes and SEDGES.
subsp. cana (syn. Epilobium canum, Rain lily, Windflower and flowers arranged in a pine-cone- Z. aquatica (Canada wild rice). Annual,
Z. cana), H 1ft (30cm), is deciduous and shaped head, borne on separate stems grasslike, marginal water plant. H 10ft
produces linear, gray leaves and AMARYLLIDACEAE to the leaves. Fully hardy to frost tender. (3m), S 11∕2ft (45cm). Has grasslike, mid-
fuchsialike, brilliant scarlet flowers. Requires humus-rich, moist but well- green leaves and, in summer, grasslike,
subsp. cana ‘Dublin’ see Z.c ‘Dublin’. Genus of clump-forming bulbous drained soil and a position in partial pale green flowers, followed by ricelike
‘Dublin’ (syn. Z.c. ‘Glasnevin’, perennials with an erect, crocuslike flower shade. Propagate by division in spring. seeds that attract waterfowl. Needs sun;
Z.c. subsp. cana ‘Dublin’) illus. p.340. on each stem. Frost hardy to frost tender. Z. mioga. Herbaceous, clump-forming suitable for water up to 9in (23cm) deep.
‘Glasnevin’ see Z.c. ‘Dublin’. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and open, perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Propagate from seed stored damp and
Z. cana. See Z. californica subsp. cana. well-drained but moist soil. Container- Short-stemmed spikes, 2–6in (5–15cm) sown in spring. Z5–9
Z. septentrionalis, syn. Epilobium grown bulbs need a dryish, warm period long, of pale cream to yellow flowers,
septentrionale. Mat-forming, non-woody, after foliage dies down in summer, 2in (5cm) across, with reddish-purple Zygocactus truncatus. See
deciduous perennial. H 4–8in (10–20cm), followed by copious amounts of water, bracts, are produced in late summer. Schlumbergera truncata.
S to 8in (20cm). Terminal clusters of to stimulate flowering. Propagate by Has tall, leafy pseudostems of narrowly
numerous, short-stalked, tubular, scarlet seed in fall or in spring. lance-shaped, pale green leaves. Z6–12 ZYGOPETALUM 729
flowers are produced in late summer. Z. andersonii. See Habranthus
Has ovate to lance-shaped, gray to gray- tubispathus. ZINNIA ORCHIDACEAE
green leaves. Z7–11 Z. atamasco (Atamasco lily). Clump-
forming, early summer-flowering bulb. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE See also ORCHIDS.
ZEA H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Z. mackaii. See Z. mackayi.
Basal leaves are very narrow, grasslike Genus of annuals, perennials, and Z. mackayi, syn. Z. mackaii. Evergreen,
Indian corn, Maize and semierect. In spring or summer, subshrubs, with large, dahlialike flower epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate
a widely funnel-shaped, purple-tinged, heads that are excellent for cutting. Frost greenhouse. H 1ft (30cm). In fall, produces
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE white flower, to 4in (10cm) across, is borne tender. Needs a position in sun and fertile, long sprays of fragrant, brown-blotched,
on each stem. Z10–11 well-drained soil. Remove dead flower green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, Z. candida illus. p.424. heads regularly to promote flowering. reddish-indigo veins, and white lips.
and SEDGES. Z. carinata illus. p.413. Propagate by seed sown under glass in Ribbed leaves are narrowly ovate, and 1ft
Z. mays (Ornamental maize, Sweet corn). Z. citrina. Clump-forming, fall-flowering early spring. (30cm) long. In summer, needs partial
Fairly fast-growing, upright annual with bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Z. elegans. Moderately fast-growing, shade. Z11–12 (min. 52–55°F/11–13°C; max.
lance-shaped leaves. H to 12ft (4m), S 2ft Has rushlike, erect, basal, green leaves. upright, sturdy annual. H 2–21⁄2ft (60– 86°F/30°C)
(60cm). Z10–11. ‘Gracillima Variegata’, Stems produce funnel-shaped, bright 75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears ovate to lance- Z. Perrenoudii gx (illus. p.466).
H 3ft (90cm), S 1–11∕2ft (30–45cm), has leaves yellow flowers, opening to 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) shaped leaves that are pale or mid-green. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
striped green and creamy. Tassellike, across, in fall. Z10–11 Purple flower heads, over 2in (5cm) across, or intermediate greenhouse. H 1ft (30cm)
silvery flower heads are followed by large, Z. grandiflora of gardens. See Z. minuta. are produced in summer and early fall. Spikes of fragrant, violet-purple-lipped,
bright yellow seed heads (cobs). Z. minuta, syn. Z. grandiflora of gardens, Hybrids of Z. elegans are available in dark brown flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
‘Harlequin’, H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 2ft (60cm), Z. rosea. Fall-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm), various shades. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C). are borne in winter. Has narrowly ovate,
has leaves 2ft (60cm) long, striped with S 2in (5cm). Short-tubed, funnel-shaped, Dreamland Series ‘Dreamland ribbed leaves, 1ft (30cm) long. Requires
green, red, and white. Feathery, silky flower sugar-pink flowers are borne among Scarlet’ illus. p.306. ‘Dreamland a position in partial shade in summer.
heads, 6in (15cm) long, on long stems, are narrowly linear, semierect, green, basal Yellow’, H and S 1ft (30cm), has large, Z11–12 (min. 11–13°C/52–55°F; max.
borne in midsummer, followed by large, leaves. Z10–11 daisylike, semidouble flower heads in 86°F/30°C)
cylindrical, green-sheathed, yellow seed Z. robusta. See Habranthus robustus. summer and fall. ‘Envy’ illus. p.316.
heads (cobs), with deep red grains. Z. rosea. See Z. minuta.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
A A Annual phlox. See Phlox drummondii. Bastard balm. See Melittis. Bleeding heart. See Dicentra spectabilis.
Antarctic beech. See Nothofagus antarctica. Bat flower. See Tacca chantrieri. Blessed Mary’s thistle. See Silybum
730 Aaron’s beard. See Hypericum calycinum. Apache plume. See Fallugia paradoxa. Bay laurel. See Laurus nobilis.
Abele. See Populus alba. Apennine anemone. See Anemone apennina. Bay tree. See Laurus. marianum.
Abyssinian banana. See Ensete ventricosum. Apothecary’s rose. See Rosa gallica var. Bay willow. See Salix pentandra. Blood flower. See Asclepias curassavica;
Aconite. See Aconitum. Bayonet plant. See Aciphylla squarrosa.
Adriatic bellflower. See Campanula garganica. officinalis. Beach pine. See Pinus contorta. Scadoxus multiflorus supsp. katherinae.
Aeroplane propeller. See Crassula perfoliata Apple. See Malus. Bead plant. See Nertera granadensis. Blood leaf. See Iresine lindenii.
Apple mint. See Mentha suaveolens. Bead-tree. See Melia azedarach. Blood lily. See Haemanthus.
var. falcata. Apple of Peru. See Nicandra physalodes. Bear grass. See Dasylirion. Bloodroot. See Sanguinaria canadensis.
African boxwood. See Myrsine africana. Arbutus, Trailing. See Epigaea repens. Bear’s breeches. See Acanthus. Bloody cranesbill. See Geranium sanguineum.
African daisy. See Arctotis venusta; Arizona ash. See Fraxinus velutina. Bearded bellflower. See Campanula barbata. Blue Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica f.
Arizona cypress. See Cupressus arizonica var. Beauty berry. See Callicarpa.
Dimorphotheca. Beauty bush. See Kolkwitzia amabilis. glauca.
African fountain grass. See Pennisetum glabra. Bedstraw. See Galium. Blue bells. See Mertensia virginica.
Armand pine. See Pinus armandii. Bee balm. See Monarda didyma. Blue candle. See Myrtillocactus geometrizans.
setaceum. Armenian oak. See Quercus pontica. Beech. See Fagus. Blue cloud. See Limonium latifolium.
African hemp. See Sparrmannia africana. Arolla pine. See Pinus cembra. Beech fern. See Phegopteris. Blue cupidone. See Catananche.
African lily. See Agapanthus africanus. Arrow bamboo. See Pseudosasa japonica. Beefsteak plant. See Iresine herbstii. Blue daisy. See Felicia.
African marigold. See Tagetes erecta. Arrowhead. See Sagittaria. Bell heather. See Erica cinerea. Blue dawn flower. See Ipomoea indica.
African red alder. See Cunonia capensis. Arum lily. See Zantedeschia aethiopica. Bell-flowered cherry. See Prunus Blue Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii
African tulip tree. See Spathodea campanulata. Asarabacca. See Asarum europaeum.
African violet. See Saintpaulia. Ash. See Fraxinus. campanulata. var. glauca.
Albany bottlebrush. See Callistemon Ash-leaved maple. See Acer negundo. Belladonna lily. See Amaryllis belladonna. Blue fescue. See Festuca glauca.
Asian chain fern. See Woodwardia Bellflower. See Campanula. Blue flag. See Iris versicolor.
speciosus. Bells of Ireland. See Moluccella laevis. Blue grama. See Bouteloua gracilis.
Alder. See Alnus. unigemmata. Bellwort. See Uvularia grandiflora. Blue holly. See Ilex x meserveae.
Aleppo pine. See Pinus halepensis. Aspen. See Populus. Benjamin. See Lindera benzoin. Blue lace flower. See Trachymene coerulea.
Alexandra palm. See Archontophoenix Atamasco lily. See Zephyranthes atamasca. Bentham’s cornel. See Cornus capitata. Blue moor grass. See Sesleria caerulea.
Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica Bergamot. See Monarda. Blue oat grass. See Helictotrichon
alexandrae. Australian banyan. See Ficus macrophylla. Bermuda lily. See Lilium longiflorum.
Alexandrian laurel. See Danäe racemosa. Australian brush cherry. See Syzygium Berry bladderfern. See Cystopteris bulbifera. sempervirens.
Algerian iris. See Iris unguicularis. Berry heath. See Erica baccans. Blue passion flower. See Passiflora caerulea.
Algerian oak. See Quercus canariensis. paniculatum. Besom heath. See Erica scoparia. Blue potato bush. See Solanum rantonnetii.
Algerian winter iris. See Iris unguicularis. Australian cabbage palm. See Livistona Betony. See Stachys officinalis. Blue sage. See Eranthemum pulchellum.
Allegheny monkey flower. See Mimulus Bhutan pine. See Pinus wallichiana. Blue star. See Amsonia.
australis. Big tree. See Sequoiadendron giganteum. Blue trumpet vine. See Thunbergia
ringens. Australian firewheel tree. See Stenocarpus Big-cone pine. See Pinus coulteri.
Allegheny vine. See Adlumia fungosa. Bilberry. See Vaccinium myrtillus. grandiflora.
Allspice. See Calycanthus. sinuatus. Birch. See Betula. Blue-flowered torch. See Tillandsia lindenii.
Alpine anemone. See Pulsatilla alpina. Australian frangipani. See Hymenosporum. Bird cherry. See Prunus padus. Bluebell. See Hyacinthoides.
Alpine azalea. See Kalmia procumbens. Australian heath. See Epacris impressa. Bird-catcher tree. See Pisonia umbellifera. Bluebell creeper. See Sollya.
Alpine bottlebrush. See Callistemon Australian pea. See Lablab purpureus. Bird-of-paradise flower. See Strelitzia. Blueberry ash. See Elaeocarpus cyaneus.
Australian rosemary. See Westringia Bird’s-eye primrose. See Primula farinosa. Bluets. See Hedyotis.
pityoides; Callistemon sieberi. Bird’s-foot ivy. See Hedera helix ‘Pedata’. Blushing bromeliad. See Neoregelia
Alpine buttercup. See Ranunculus alpestris. fruticosa. Bird’s-foot violet. See Viola pedata.
Alpine catchfly. See Lychnis alpina. Australian tree fern. See Cyathea australis; Bird’s-nest fern. See Asplenium nidus. carolinae; Nidularium fulgens.
Alpine chrysanthemum. See Birthroot. See Trillium erectum. Blushing philodendron. See Philodendron
Dicksonia antarctica. Birthwort. See Aristolochia.
Leucanthemopsis alpina. Australian violet. See Viola hederacea. Bishop pine. See Pinus muricata. erubescens.
Alpine cinquefoil. See Potentilla crantzii. Austrian pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. nigra. Bishop’s cap. See Astrophytum myriostigma; Boat lily. See Tradescantia spathacea.
Alpine columbine. See Aquilegia alpina. Autograph tree. See Clusia rosea. Bog arum. See Calla palustris.
Alpine forget-me-not. See Eritrichium; Autumn crocus. See Colchicum autumnale; Mitella. Bog bean. See Menyanthes trifoliata.
Bishop’s mitre. See Epimedium. Bog sage. See Salvia uliginosa.
Myosotis alpestris. Crocus nudiflorus. Bishop’s weed, Variegated. See Bonin Isles juniper. See Juniperus
Alpine heath. See Erica carnea. Autumn snowdrop. See Galanthus reginae-
Alpine lady’s mantle. See Alchemilla alpina. Aegopodium podagraria ‘Variegatum’. procumbens.
Alpine mouse-ear. See Cerastium alpinum. olgae. Bistort. See Persicaria bistorta. Borage. See Borago.
Alpine pasque flower. See Pulsatilla alpina. Autumn snowflake. See Leucojum autumnale. Biting stonecrop. See Sedum acre. Bosnian pine. See Pinus heldreichii.
Alpine penny-cress. See Thlaspi alpinum. Auvergne pink. See Dianthus x arvernensis. Bitter cress. See Cardamine. Boston ivy. See Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
Alpine pink. See Dianthus alpinus. Avens. See Geum. Bitter root. See Lewisia rediviva. Bottlebrush. See Callistemon.
Alpine poppy. See Papaver burseri. Azalea. See Rhododendron. Bitternut. See Carya cordiformis. Bottlebrush buckeye. See Aesculus
Alpine snowbell. See Soldanella alpina. Azores heath. See Daboecia azorica. Bitternut hickory. See Carya cordiformis.
Alpine snow gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora Aztec lily. See Sprekelia formosissima. Bittersweet. See Celastrus. parviflora.
Aztec marigold. See Tagetes erecta. Black alder. See Alnus glutinosa. Bower vine. See Pandorea jasminoides.
subsp. niphophila. Black bamboo. See Phyllostachys nigra. Bowles’s golden grass. See Milium effusum
Alpine thistle. See Carlina acaulis. B Black bean. See Kennedia nigricans.
Alpine toadflax. See Linaria alpina. Black bean tree. See Castanospermum ‘Aureum’.
Alpine totara. See Podocarpus nivalis. Baby blue-eyes. See Nemophila menziesii. Bowles’s golden sedge. See Carex elata
Alum root. See Heuchera. Baby rubber plant. See Peperomia clusiifolia. australe.
Aluminium plant. See Pilea cadierei. Baby’s tears. See Soleirolia. Black cherry. See Prunus serotina. ‘Aurea’.
American arbor-vitae. See Thuja occidentalis. Baby’s toes. See Fenestraria rhopodophylla Black chokeberry. See Aronia melanocarpa. Box. See Buxus.
American arrowhead. See Sagittaria latifolia. Black cottonwood. See Populus trichocarpa. Box elder. See Acer negundo.
American beech. See Fagus grandifolia. subsp. aurantiaca. Black false hellebore. See Veratrum nigrum. Box-leaved holly. See Ilex crenata.
American bittersweet. See Celastrus Baldmoney. See Meum athamanticum. Black gum. See Nyssa sylvatica. Bracelet honey myrtle. See Melaleuca
Balearic box. See Buxus balearica. Black huckleberry. See Gaylussacia baccata.
scandens. Balkan blue grass. See Sesleria heufleriana. Black Jack oak. See Quercus marilandica. armillaris.
American elder. See Sambucus canadensis. Balloon flower. See Platycodon. Black mulberry. See Morus nigra. Bramble. See Rubus.
American hop hornbeam. See Ostrya Balloon vine. See Cardiospermum halicacabum. Black oak. See Quercus velutina. Branched bur reed. See Sparganium erectum.
Balm of Gilead. See Populus x jackii. Black pine. See Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus nigra. Brandy bottle. See Nuphar lutea.
virginiana. Balsam. See Impatiens balsamina. Black poplar. See Populus nigra. Brass buttons. See Cotula coronopifolia.
American hornbeam. See Carpinus Balsam fir. See Abies balsamea. Black sarana. See Fritillaria camschatcensis. Brazilian firecracker. See Manettia luteo-
Balsam poplar. See Populus balsamifera. Black spruce. See Picea mariana.
caroliniana. Bamboo. See Grasses, Bamboos, Rushes, and Black tree fern. See Cyathea medullaris. rubra.
American lime. See Tilia americana. Black walnut. See Juglans nigra. Breath of heaven. See Diosma ericoides.
American lotus. See Nelumbo lutea. Sedges. Black willow. See Salix gracilistyla Brewer’s spruce. See Picea breweriana.
American mandrake. See Podophyllum Bamboo palm. See Rhapis excelsa. Bridal bouquet. See Porana paniculata.
Banana. See Musa. ‘Melanostachys’. Bridal wreath. See Francoa appendiculata;
peltatum. Banana passion fruit. See Passiflora Black-eyed Susan. See Rudbeckia fulgida;
American spatterdock. See Nuphar advena. Spiraea ‘Arguta’; Spiraea x vanhouttei.
American trout lily. See Erythronium antioquiensis. Thunbergia alata. Brisbane box. See Lophostemon confertus.
Baneberry. See Actaea. Black-gold philodendron. See Philodendron Bristle club-rush. See Isolepsis setaceus.
revolutum. Banjo fig. See Ficus lyrata. Bristle-cone pine. See Pinus aristata.
American white elm. See Ulmus americana. Banksian rose, Double white. See Rosa melanochrysum. Bristle-pointed iris. See Iris setosa.
American white oak. See Quercus alba. Blackberry. See Rubus. Brittle bladderfern. See Cystopteris fragilis.
Amur cork tree. See Phellodendron amurense. banksiae. Blackberry lily. See Iris domestica. Broad bucklerfern. See Dryopteris dilatata.
Amur grape. See Vitis amurensis. Banksian rose, Yellow. See Rosa banksiae Blackboy. See Xanthorrhoea. Broad-leaved lime. See Tilia platyphyllos.
Amur maple. See Acer tataricum subsp. Blackthorn. See Prunus spinosa. Broadleaf. See Griselinia littoralis.
‘Lutea’. Bladder cherry. See Physalis alkekengi. Bromeliad. See feature panel p.471.
ginnala. Banyan. See Ficus benghalensis. Bladder nut. See Staphylea. Brompton stock. See Matthiola incana.
Anceps bamboo. See Yushania anceps. Baobab. See Adansonia. Bladder senna. See Colutea arborescens. Bronvaux medlar. See +Crataegomespilus
Andean silver-leaf sage. See Salvia discolor. Barbados gooseberry. See Pereskia aculeata. Blanket flower. See Gaillardia.
Angel wings. See Caladium bicolor. Barbados pride. See Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Blazing star. See Mentzelia lindleyi. dardarii.
Angel’s fishing rod. See Dierama. Barbed-wire plant. See Tylecodon reticulatus. Broom. See Cytisus; Genista.
Angel’s tears. See Billbergia x windii; Barberry. See Berberis. Brush-box tree. See Lophostemon confertus.
Barberton daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii. Buckbean. See Menyanthes trifoliata.
Narcissus triandrus. Barley. See Hordeum. Buckeye. See Aesculus.
Angelica. See Angelica archangelica. Barrenwort. See Epimedium. Buckthorn. See Rhamnus.
Angels’ trumpets. See Brugmansia. Bartram’s oak. See Quercus x heterophylla. Buffalo berry. See Shepherdia argentea.
Angelwing begonia. See Begonia coccinea. Basket grass. See Oplismenus hirtellus. Buffalo currant. See Ribes odoratum.
Angled Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum Basswood. See Tilia americana. Bugle, Pyramidal. See Ajuga pyramidalis.
Bull bay. See Magnolia grandiflora.
odoratum.
Annual mallow. See Malope.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Bullock’s heart. See Annona reticulata. Cat’s claw vine. See Macfadyena. Chocolate cosmos. See Cosmos Common oak. See Quercus robur. C
Bullock’s heart ivy. See Hedera colchica. Cat’s ears. See Antennaria; Calochortus. atrosanguineus. Common passion flower. See Passiflora
Bunch-flowered daffodil. See Narcissus Cat’s valerian. See Valeriana officinalis. 731
Cat’s whiskers. See Tacca chantrieri. Chocolate vine. See Akebia quinata. caerulea.
tazetta. Caucasian elm. See Zelkova carpinifolia. Chokeberry. See Aronia. Common pear. See Pyrus communis.
Bunnies’ ears. See Stachys byzantina. Caucasian fir. See Abies nordmanniana. Christmas begonia. See Begonia ‘Gloire de Common pitcher plant. See Sarracenia
Bunny ears. See Opuntia microdasys. Caucasian lime. See Tilia x euchlora.
Bur oak. See Quercus macrocarpa. Caucasian oak. See Quercus macranthera. Lorraine’. purpurea.
Bur reed. See Sparganium. Caucasian peony. See Paeonia Christmas berry. See Heteromeles salicifolia. Common polypody. See Polypodium vulgare.
Burnet. See Sanguisorba. Christmas box. See Sarcococca. Common quaking grass. See Briza media.
Burnet rose. See Rosa spinosissima. mlokosewitschii Christmas cactus. See Schlumbergera Common rue. See Ruta graveolens.
Burning bush. See Dictamnus albus var. albus; Caucasian spruce. See Picea orientalis. Common sage. See Salvia officinalis.
Caucasian whortleberry. See Vaccinium x buckleyi. Common snowdrop. See Galanthus nivalis.
Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla. Christmas fern. See Polystichum Common spruce. See Picea abies.
Burr rose. See Rosa roxburghii. arctostaphylos. Common staghorn fern. See Platycerium
Burro’s tail. See Sedum morganianum. Caucasian wing nut. See Pterocarya acrostichoides.
Bush groundsel. See Baccharis halimifolia. Christmas rose. See Helleborus niger. bifurcatum.
Bush violet. See Browallia speciosa. fraxinifolia. Christ’s thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi. Common stonecrop. See Sedum acre.
Busy lizzie. See Impatiens walleriana cvs. Cedar. See Cedrus. Chusan palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei. Common trumpet creeper. See Campsis
Butcher’s broom. See Ruscus aculeatus. Cedar of Goa. See Cupressus lusitanica. Cider gum. See Eucalyptus gunnii.
Butter tree. See Tylecodon paniculatus. Cedar of Lebanon. See Cedrus libani. Cigar flower. See Cuphea ignea. radicans.
Buttercup. See Ranunculus. Celandine. See Chelidonium. Cinnamon fern. See Osmunda cinnamomea. Common unicorn plant. See Proboscidea
Butterfly bush. See Buddleja davidii. Celandine crocus. See Crocus korolkowii. Cinquefoil, Alpine. See Potentilla crantzii.
Butterfly flower. See Schizanthus. Century plant. See Agave americana. Claret ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. louisianica.
Butterfly orchid. See Psychopsis papilio. Chain cactus. See Rhipsalis paradoxa. Common valerian. See Valeriana officinalis.
Butterfly weed. See Asclepias tuberosa. Chain fern. See Woodwardia radicans. oxycarpa ‘Raywood’. Common yam. See Dioscorea disolor.
Butternut. See Juglans cinerea. Chain plant. See Callisia navicularis. Climbing butcher’s broom. See Semele Compass plant. See Silphium laciniatum.
Button-fern. See Pellaea rotundifolia. Chamomile. See Chamaemelum. Cone ginger. See Alpinia purpurata.
Channelled heath. See Erica canaliculata. androgyna. Coneflower. See Echinacea; Rudbeckia.
C Chaste tree. See Vitex agnus-castus. Climbing dahlia. See Hidalgoa. Confederate jasmine. See Trachelospermum
Chatham Island forget-me-not. See Climbing fig. See Ficus pumila.
Calamondin. See Citrus x microcarpa. Climbing fumitory. See Adlumia fungosa. jasminoides.
Calico bush. See Kalmia latifolia. Myosotidium hortensia. Climbing hempweed. See Mikania scandens. Confederate rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis.
Calico flower. See Aristolochia littoralis. Checkerberry. See Gaultheria procumbens. Climbing hydrangea. See Hydrangea Cootamundra wattle. See Acacia baileyana.
California allspice. See Calycanthus Cheddar pink. See Dianthus gratianopolitanus. Copa de oro. See Solandra maxima.
Cherimoya. See Annona. anomala subsp. petiolaris. Copey. See Clusia rosea.
occidentalis. Cherry laurel. See Prunus laurocerasus. Cloth-of-gold crocus. See Crocus Copihue. See Lapageria rosea.
California bluebell. See Phacelia Cherry pie. See Heliotropium arborescens. Copper beech. See Fagus sylvatica
Cherry plum. See Prunus cerasifera. angustifolius.
campanularia. Cherry, Ornamental. See Prunus. Cloud grass. See Aichryson x domesticum f. atropunicea.
California buckeye. See Aesculus californica. Chestnut. See Castanea. Copperleaf. See Acalypha wilkesiana.
California lilac. See Ceanothus. Chestnut vine. See Tetrastigma voinierianum. ‘Variegatum’. Coquito. See Jubaea chilensis.
California nutmeg. See Torreya californica. Chestnut-leaved oak. See Quercus Clover. See Trifolium. Coral berry. See Aechmea fulgens.
California poppy. See Eschscholzia Clover-leaf ivy. See Hedera helix ‘Shamrock’. Coral bush. See Templetonia retusa.
castaneifolia. Cluster pine. See Pinus pinaster. Coral cactus. See Rhipsalis cereuscula.
californica. Chicory. See Cichorium. Coast redwood. See Sequoia sempervirens. Coral flower. See Heuchera.
Californian laurel. See Umbellularia Chile nut. See Gevuina avellana. Cobnut. See Corylus avellana. Coral gem. See Lotus berthelotii.
Chile pine. See Araucaria araucana. Cobweb houseleek. See Sempervivum Coral honeysuckle. See Lonicera
californica. Chilean bamboo. See Chusquea culeou.
Callery pear. See Pyrus calleryana. Chilean bellflower. See Lapageria rosea. arachnoideum. sempervirens.
Campernelle jonquil. See Narcissus x odorus. Chilean blue crocus. See Tecophilaea Cock’s comb. See Erythrina crista-galli. Coral pea. See Hardenbergia.
Camphor tree. See Camphora camphora. Cock’s foot. See Dactylis glomerata. Coral plant. See Berberidopsis corallina;
Campion. See Silene. cyanocrocus. Cockscomb. See Celosia.
Canada hemlock. See Tsuga canadensis. Chilean fire bush. See Embothrium. Cockspur coral-tree. See Erythrina crista-galli. Russelia equisetiformis.
Canada lily. See Lilium canadense. Chilean glory flower. See Eccremocarpus Cockspur thorn. See Crataegus crus-galli. Coral tree. See Erythrina.
Canada moonseed. See Menispermum Coffee, Wild. See Polyscias guilfoylei. Coral vine. See Antigonon.
scaber. Coffin juniper. See Juniperus recurva var. Coral-bark maple. See Acer palmatum
canadense. Chilean hazel. See Gevuina avellana.
Canada wild rice. See Zizania aquatica. Chilean incense cedar. See Austrocedrus coxii. ‘Sango-kaku’.
Canadian burnet. See Sanguisorba Coleus, Prostrate. See Plectranthus Coralberry. See Ardisia crenata;
chilensis.
canadensis. Chilean jasmine. See Mandevilla laxa. oertendahlii. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
Canadian columbine. See Aquilegia Chilean laurel. See Laurelia sempervirens. Colombian ball cactus. See Parodia erinacea. Cork oak. See Quercus suber.
Chilean wine palm. See Jubaea chilensis. Colorado spruce. See Picea pungens. Cork tree, Amur. See Phellodendron
canadensis. Chilli pepper. See Capsicum. Columbine. See Aquilegia.
Canadian poplar. See Populus x canadensis. Chimney bellflower. See Campanula Comfrey. See Symphytum. amurense.
Canary creeper. See Tropaeolum peregrinum. Common alder. See Alnus glutinosa. Corkscrew rush. See Juncus effusus
Canary Island bellflower. See Canarina pyramidalis. Common arrowhead. See Sagittaria
China aster. See Callistephus. f. spiralis.
canariensis. Chincherinchee. See Ornithogalum sagittifolia. Corn cockle. See Agrostemma.
Canary Island date palm. See Phoenix Common ash. See Fraxinus excelsior. Corn plant. See Dracaena fragrans.
thyrsoides. Common aspen. See Populus tremula. Corn poppy. See Papaver rhoeas.
canariensis. Chinese anise. See Illicium anisatum. Common Australian heath. See Epacris Cornelian cherry. See Cornus mas.
Canary-bird bush. See Crotalaria agatiflora. Chinese box. See Murraya paniculata. Cornflower. See Centaurea cyanus.
Candle plant. See Curio articulata. Chinese box thorn. See Lycium barbarum. impressa. Cornish elm. See Ulmus minor ‘Cornubiensis’.
Candytuft. See Iberis. Chinese dwarf banana. See Musa lasiocarpa. Common beech. See Fagus sylvatica. Cornish golden elm. See Ulmus minor
Canoe birch. See Betula papyrifera. Chinese elm. See Ulmus parvifolia. Common box. See Buxus sempervirens.
Canterbury bells. See Campanula medium. Chinese evergreen. See Aglaonema. Common broom. See Cytisus scoparius. ‘Dicksonii’.
Cape blue water lily. See Nymphaea Chinese fan palm. See Livistona chinensis. Common camassia. See Camassia quamash. Cornish heath. See Erica vagans.
Chinese fir. See Cunninghamia lanceolata. Common cat’s claw vine. See Macfadyena Corsican heath. See Erica terminalis.
capensis. Chinese fountain grass. See Pennisetum Corsican hellebore. See Helleborus
Cape dandelion. See Arctotheca calendula. unguis-cati.
Cape figwort. See Phygelius capensis. alopecuroides. Common coral tree. See Erythrina crista-galli. argutifolius.
Cape grape. See Rhoicissus capensis. Chinese fountain palm. See Livistona Common devil’s claw. See Proboscidea Corsican mint. See Mentha requienii.
Cape honey suckle. See Tecoma capensis. Corsican pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. laricio.
Cape jasmine. See Gardenia jasminoides. chinensis. louisianica. Cotoneaster, Tree. See Cotoneaster frigidus.
Cape leadwort. See Plumbago auriculata. Chinese fringe tree. See Chionanthus Common dogwood. See Cornus sanguinea. Cotton ball. See Espostoa lanata.
Cape marigold. See Dimorphotheca. Common elder. See Sambucus nigra. Cotton lavender. See Santolina
Cape myrtle. See Myrsine africana. retusus. Common gardenia. See Gardenia
Cape pondweed. See Aponogeton distachyos. Chinese gooseberry. See Actinidia deliciosa. chamaecyparissus.
Cape primrose. See Streptocarpus rexii. Chinese hat plant. See Holmskioldia jasminoides. Cotton rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis.
Cape sundew. See Drosera capensis. Common German flag. See Iris germanica. Cotton thistle. See Onopordum acanthium.
Cape tulip. See Haemanthus coccineus. sanguinea. Common hackberry. See Celtis occidentalis. Cotton tree, Silk. See Ceiba pentandra.
Cappadocian maple. See Acer cappadocicum. Chinese hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Common hawthorn. See Crataegus Cottonwood. See Populus.
Caraway thyme. See Thymus herba-barona. Chinese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus Cottonwood, Eastern. See Populus deltoides.
Cardinal climber. See Ipomoea x multifida. monogyna. Coulter pine. See Pinus coulteri.
Cardinal flower. See Lobelia cardinalis. chinensis. Common holly. See Ilex aquifolium. Cowberry. See Vaccinium vitis-idaea.
Cardinal’s guard. See Pachystachys coccinea. Chinese juniper. See Juniperus chinensis. Common honeysuckle. See Lonicera Cowslip. See Primula veris.
Cardoon. See Cynara cardunculus. Chinese lantern. See Physalis. Cowtail pine. See Cephalotaxus harringtonii.
Caricature plant. See Graptophyllum pictum. Chinese lanterns. See Nymania capensis. periclymenum. Coyote willow. See Salix exigua.
Carline thistle. See Carlina. Chinese necklace poplar. See Populus Common hop. See Humulus lupulus. Crab apple. See Malus.
Carnation. See Dianthus. Common hornbeam. See Carpinus betulus. Crab cactus. See Schlumbergera truncata.
Carolina allspice. See Calycanthus floridus. lasiocarpa. Common houseleek. See Sempervivum Crack willow. See Salix x fragilis.
Carolina hemlock. See Tsuga caroliniana. Chinese parasol tree. See Firmiana simplex. Cradle orchid. See Anguloa clowesii.
Carolina jasmine. See Gelsemium Chinese privet. See Ligustrum lucidum. tectorum. Cranesbill. See Geranium.
Chinese redbud. See Cercis chinensis. Common hydrangea. See Hydrangea Cream cups. See Platystemon californicus.
sempervirens. Chinese spinach. See Amaranthus tricolor. Creeping blueblossom. See Ceanothus
Carpet plant. See Episcia. Chinese trumpet creeper. See Campsis macrophylla.
Caspian locust. See Gleditsia caspica. Common ivy. See Hedera helix. thyrsiflorus var. repens.
Cast-iron plant. See Aspidistra elatior. grandiflora. Common jasmine. See Jasminum officinale. Creeping bluets. See Hedyotis michauxii.
Castor-oil plant. See Ricinus communis. Chinese tulip tree. See Liriodendron chinense. Common juniper. See Juniperus communis. Creeping box. See Mitchella repens.
Catalina ironwood. See Lyonothamnus Chinese walnut. See Juglans cathayensis. Common laburnum. See Laburnum Creeping buttons. See Peperomia
Chinese wing nut. See Pterocarya stenoptera.
floribundus. Chinese wisteria. See Wisteria sinensis. anagyroides. rotundifolia.
Catchfly. See Silene. Chinese witch hazel. See Hamamelis mollis. Common lime. See Tilia x europaea. Creeping Charlie. See Pilea nummulariifolia.
Catmint. See Nepeta. Chinese-lantern lily. See Sandersonia Common mandrake. See Mandragora Creeping dogwood. See Cornus canadensis.
Creeping fig. See Ficus pumila.
aurantiaca. officinarum. Creeping juniper. See Juniperus horizontalis.
Chinquapin rose. See Rosa roxburghii. Common morning glory. See Ipomoea Creeping phlox. See Phlox stolonifera.
Chives. See Allium schoenoprasum. Creeping willow. See Salix repens.
purpurea.
Common moss rose. See Rosa x centifolia
‘Muscosa’.
Common myrtle. See Myrtus communis.
Common net bush. See Calothamnus
quadrifidus.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
D Crepe myrtle. See Lagerstroemia indica. Dragon’s-claw willow. See Salix babylonica F Fox nuts. See Euryale.
Crested moss rose. See Rosa x centifolia var. pekinensis ‘Tortuosa’. Foxglove. See Digitalis.
732 Fair maids of France. See Saxifraga Foxglove tree. See Paulownia tomentosa.
‘Cristata’. Drooping juniper. See Juniperus recurva. granulata. Foxtail barley. See Hordeum jubatum.
Cretan dittany. See Origanum dictamnus. Dropwort. See Filipendula vulgaris. Foxtail fern. See Asparagus densiflorus
Cricket-bat willow. See Salix alba var. Drumstick primula. See Primula denticulata. Fairy bells. See Disporum.
Drunkard’s dream. See Hatiora Fairy duster. See Calliandra eriophylla. ‘Myersii’.
caerulea. Fairy foxglove. See Erinus. Foxtail lily. See Eremurus.
Crimean lime. See Tilia x euchlora. salicornioides. Fairy moss. See Azolla filiculoides. Foxtail millet. See Setaria italica.
Crimson bottlebrush. See Callistemon Duck potato. See Sagittaria latifolia. Fairy thimbles. See Campanula Fragrant olive. See Osmanthus fragrans.
Duckweed. See Wolffia. Fragrant snowbell. See Styrax obassia.
citrinus ‘Splendens’. Duke of Argyll’s tea-tree. See Lycium cochleariifolia. Frangipani. See Plumeria.
Crimson glory vine. See Vitis coignetiae. Falling stars. See Campanula isophylla. Freckle face. See Hypoestes phyllostachya.
Cross vine. See Bignonia capreolata. barbarum. False acacia. See Robinia pseudoacacia. French honeysuckle. See Hedysarum
Cross-leaved heath. See Erica tetralix. Dumb cane. See Dieffenbachia. False African violet. See Streptocarpus
Croton. See Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum. Dumpling cactus. See Lophophora williamsii. coronarium.
Crowfoot, Water. See Ranunculus aquatilis. Durmast oak. See Quercus petraea. saxorum. French lavender. See Lavandula dentata;
Crown imperial. See Fritillaria imperialis. Dusky coral pea. See Kennedia rubicunda. False anemone. See Anemonopsis.
Crown of thorns. See Euphorbia milii. Dusky cranesbill. See Geraneum phaeum. False cypress. See Chamaecyparis. Lavandula stoechas.
Crucianella stylosa. See Phuopsis stylosa. Dutch crocus. See Crocus vernus. False heather. See Cuphea hyssopifolia. French marigold. See Tagetes patula.
Cruel plant. See Araujia sericifera. Dutch elm. See Ulmus x hollandica. False indigo. See Baptisia australis. French plantain. See Musa acuminata
Crusaders’ spears. See Drimia maritima. Dutchman’s breeches. See Dicentra False jasmine. See Gelsemium
Crystal anthurium. See Anthurium ‘Dwarf Cavendish’.
cucullaria. sempervirens. Friendship plant. See Pilea involucrata.
crystallinum. Dutchman’s trousers. See Dicentra False oat grass. See Arrhenatherum elatius. Friendship tree. See Crassula ovata.
Cuban royal palm. See Roystonea regia. False saffron. See Carthamus tinctorius. Fringe tree. See Chionanthus.
Cuckoo flower. See Cardamine pratensis. spectabilis. False Solomon’s seal. See Maianthemum. Fringecups. See Tellima grandiflora.
Cuckoo pint. See Arum. Dwarf bearded iris. See Iris pumila. False spikenard. See Maianthemum Fringed waterlily. See Nymphoides peltata.
Cucumber tree. See Magnolia acuminata. Dwarf coral pea. See Hardenbergia violacea. Fritillary. See Fritillaria.
Cup-and-saucer vine. See Cobaea scandens. Dwarf fan palm. See Chamaerops. racemosum. Fuchsia begonia. See Begonia foliosa var.
Cupid peperomia. See Peperomia scandens. Dwarf maidenhair fern. See Adiantum False yellow jasmine. See Gelsemium
Cupid’s dart. See Catananche. miniata.
Curled pondweed. See Potamogeton crispus. aleuticum ‘Subpumilum’. sempervirens. Fuchsia, Tree. See Fuchsia arborescens.
Currant. See Ribes. Dwarf mountain palm. See Chamaedorea Fat pork tree. See Clusia rosea. Full moon maple. See Acer japonicum.
Curry plant. See Helichrysum italicum subsp. Feather grape hyacinth. See Muscari
elegans. G
serotinum. Dwarf palmetto. See Sabal minor. comosum ‘Plumosum’.
Cushion bush. See Leucophyta. Dwarf pine. See Pinus mugo. Feather reed grass. See Calamagrostis Galingale. See Cyperus longus.
Custard apple. See Annona. Dwarf pomegranate. See Punica granatum Gandergoose. See Anacamptis morio.
Cypress. See Cupressus. x acutiflora. Garden loosestrife. See Lysimachia
Cypress spurge. See Euphorbia cyparissias. var. nana. Feather-top. See Pennisetum villosum.
Cypress vine. See Ipomoea quamoclit. Dwarf Siberian pine. See Pinus pumila. Fennel. See Foeniculum vulgare. punctata.
Cyprus turpentine. See Pistacia terebinthus. Dwarf Spanish heath. See Erica umbellata. Fennel-leaved pondweed. See Potamogeton Gardener’s garters. See Phalaris
Dwarf white wood lily. See Trillium nivale.
D Dwarf white-stripe bamboo. See pectinatus. arundinacea var. picta.
Fern-leaf aralia. See Polyscias filicifolia. Gardenia, Common. See Gardenia augusta.
Daffodil. See Narcissus. Pleioblastus variegatus. Fern-leaved beech. See Fagus sylvatica var. Garland flower. See Hedychium coronarium.
Dahlia, Climbing. See Hidalgoa. Dyer’s greenweed. See Genista tinctoria. Gay feather, Kansas. See Liatris
Daimio oak. See Quercus dentata. heterophylla ‘Aspleniifolia’.
Daisy. See Bellis. E Feverfew. See Tanacetum parthenium. pycnostachya.
Daisy bush. See Olearia. Fiddle-leaf fig. See Ficus lyrata. Gay feathers. See Liatris.
Dalmatian bellflower. See Campanula Early spider orchid. See Ophrys sphegodes. Field poppy. See Papaver rhoeas. Gean. See Prunus avium.
East Indian arrowroot. See Tacca Filbert. See Corylus maxima. Gentian. See Gentiana.
portenschlagiana. Finger-leaved ivy. See Hedera hibernica Geraldton waxflower. See Chamelaucium
Dalmatian iris. See Iris pallida. leontopetaloides.
Dalmatian laburnum. See Petteria ramentacea. Easter cactus. See Hatiora gaertneri; Hatiora ‘Digitata’. uncinatum.
Dalmatian toadflax. See Linaria dalmatica. Fire heath. See Erica cerinthoides. Geranium. See Pelargonium.
Dame’s violet. See Hesperis matronalis. rosea.. Fire lily. See Lilium bulbiferum. Geranium azalea. See Polyscias guilfoylei.
Dancing-doll orchid. See Gomesa flexuosum. Easter lily. See Lilium longiflorum. Firecracker vine. See Manettia cordifolia. German ivy. See Senecio mikanioides.
Darjeeling banana. See Musa sikkimensis. Eastern cottonwood. See Populus deltoides. Firethorn. See Pyracantha. Ghost tree. See Davidia involucrata.
Darley Dale heath. See Erica x darleyensis. Eastern hemlock. See Tsuga canadensis. Fishbone cactus. See Epiphyllum anguliger. Ghost weed. See Euphorbia marginata.
Darling pea. See Swainsona galegifolia. Eastern redbud. See Cercis canadensis. Fishpole bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea. Giant Burmese honeysuckle. See Lonicera
Darwin’s barberry. See Beriberis darwinii. Eastern white cedar. See Thuja occidentalis. Fishtail fern. See Cyrtomium falcatum.
David’s peach. See Prunus davidiana. Eastern white pine. See Pinus strobus. Five finger. See Neopanax arboreum. hildebrandiana.
David’s pine. See Pinus armandii. Eau-de-Cologne mint. See Mentha x piperita Five fingers. See Syngonium auritum. Giant buttercup. See Ranunculus lyallii.
Dawn redwood. See Metasequoia Five-leaved ivy. See Parthenocissus Giant cowslip. See Primula florindae.
f. citrata. Giant elephant’s ear. See Alocasia
glyptostroboides. Edelweiss. See Leontopodium. quinquefolia.
Day flower. See Commelina coelestis. Edible banana. See Musa acuminata Five-spot baby. See Nemophila maculata. macrorrhiza.
Daylily. See Hemerocallis. Flaky juniper. See Juniperus squamata. Giant fennel. See Ferula communis.
Deadnettle. See Lamium. ‘Dwarf Cavendish’. Flame azalea. See Rhododendron Giant fir. See Abies grandis.
Delavay’s fir. See Abies delavayi. Eel grass. See Vallisneria spiralis. Giant grenadilla. See Passiflora
Delta maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum. Eglantine. See Rosa rubiginosa. calendulaceum.
Deodar. See Cedrus deodara. Egret flower. See Habenaria radiata. Flame coral tree. See Erythrina coralloides. quadrangularis.
Deptford pink. See Dianthus armeria. Egyptian star. See Pentas lanceolata. Flame creeper. See Tropaeolum speciosum. Giant holly fern. See Polystichum munitum.
Desert candle. See Eremurus. Elder. See Sambucus. Flame flower. See Pyrostegia venusta. Giant larkspur. See Consolida ajacis Giant
Desert fan palm. See Washingtonia filifera. Elephant apple. See Dillenia indica. Flame nasturtium. See Tropaeolum
Desert rose. See Adenium. Elephant bush. See Portulacaria afra. Imperial Series.
Devil-in-a-bush. See Nigella damascena. Elephant’s ear. See Philodendron speciosum. Giant lily. See Cardiocrinum.
Devil’s apple. See Mandragora officinarum. Flame nettle. See Solenostemon. Giant pineapple flower. See Eucomis
Devil’s fig. See Argemone mexicana. domesticum. Flame tree, Illawarra. See Brachychiton
Devil’s ivy. See Epipremum aureum ‘Marble Elephant’s ear, Giant. See Alocasia pole-evansii.
acerifolius. Giant redwood. See Sequoiadendron
Queen’. macrorrhiza. Flame vine. See Pyrostegia venusta.
Dickson’s golden elm. See Ulmus minor Elephant’s foot. See Beaucarnea recurvata; Flame violet. See Episcia. giganteum.
Flame-of-the-forest. See Spathodea Giant reed. See Arundo donax.
‘Dicksonii’. Dioscorea elephantipes. Giant scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea.
Digger’s speedwell. See Parahebe perfoliata. Elkwood. See Magnolia tripetala. campanulata Giant Spaniard. See Aciphylla scott-
Dittany. See Origanum. Elm. See Ulmus. Flaming Katy. See Kalanchoe blossfeldiana.
Dog’s fennel. See Anthemis. Emerald ripple. See Peperomia caperata. Flaming sword. See Vriesea splendens. thomsonii.
Dog’s-tooth violet. See Erythronium. Endive. See Cichorium. Flamingo flower. See Anthurium Giant staghorn fern. See Platycerium
Dogwood. See Cornus. Engelmann spruce. See Picea engelmannii.
Doll’s eyes. See Actaea pachypoda. English bluebell. See Hyacinthoides non- scherzerianum. superbum.
Donkey-tail. See Sedum morganianum. Flannel bush. See Fremontodendron. Giant wood fern. See Dryopteris goldieana.
Dorset heath. See Erica ciliaris. scripta. Floating water plantain. See Luronium Gillyflower. See Matthiola.
Double common snowdrop. See Galanthus English elm. See Ulmus procera. Ginger. See Zingiber.
English iris. See Iris latifolia. natans. Gingerlily. See Hedychium.
nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’. English ivy. See Hedera helix. Flora’s paintbrush. See Emilia coccinea. Gippsland fountain palm. See Livistona
Double meadow buttercup. See Ranunculus English lavender. See Lavandula Florist’s cineraria. See Pericallis x hybrida.
Floss flower. See Ageratum. australis.
acris ‘Flore Pleno’. x intermedia. Floss silk tree. See Chorisia speciosa. Gladwin. See Iris foetidissima.
Double sea campion. See Silene uniflora Epaulette tree. See Pterostyrax hispida. Flower-of-the-hour. See Hibiscus trionum. Gland bellflower. See Adenophora.
Eryngo. See Eryngium. Flowering banana. See Musa ornata. Glastonbury thorn. See Crataegus monogyna
‘Robin Whitebreast’. Ethiopian banana. See Ensete ventricosum. Flowering currant. See Ribes sanguineum.
Double soapwort. See Saponaria officinalis Etruscan honeysuckle. See Lonicera etrusca. Flowering dogwood. See Cornus florida. ‘Biflora’.
European dog’s-tooth violet. See Flowering quince. See Chaenomeles. Globe amaranth. See Gomphrena globosa.
‘Rubra Plena’. Flowering raspberry. See Rubus odoratus. Globe daisy. See Globularia.
Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii. Erythronium dens-canis. Flowering rush. See Butomus umbellatus. Globe thistle. See Echinops.
Dove tree. See Davidia involucrata. European larch. See Larix decidua. Flowering tobacco. See Nicotiana sylvestris. Globeflower. See Trollius.
Downy cherry. See Prunus tomentosa. European white lime. See Tilia tomentosa. Fly honeysuckle. See Lonicera xylosteum. Glory bush. See Tibouchina urvilleana.
Dragon tree. See Dracaena draco. Evening primrose. See Oenothera. Flytrap, Venus. See Dionaea muscipula. Glory vine. See Eccremocarpus scaber.
Dragon’s arum. See Dracunculus vulgaris. Evening trumpet. See Gelsemium Foam of May. See Spiraea ‘Arguta’. Glory-of-the-sun. See Leucocoryne ixioides.
Dragon’s head. See Dracocephalum. Foamflower. See Tiarella. Gloxinia. See Sinningia speciosa.
Dragon’s mouth. See Horminum sempervirens. Foothill penstemon. See Penstemon Goat willow. See Salix caprea.
Everlasting flower. See Xerochrysum Goat’s beard. See Aruncus dioicus.
pyrenaicum. heterophyllus. Goat’s rue. See Galega.
bracteatum. Forget-me-not. See Myosotis. Gold dust. See Aurinia saxatilis.
Everlasting pea. See Lathyrus grandiflorus; Forrest fir. See Abies forrestii. Golden arum lily. See Zantedeschia
Fountain bamboo. See Fargesia nitida.
Lathyrus latifolius; Lathyrus sylvestris. Fountain flower. See Ceropegia sandersonii. elliottiana.
Exeter elm. See Ulmus glabra ‘Exoniensis’. Four o’clock flower. See Mirabilis jalapa. Golden ball cactus. See Parodia leninghausii.
Eyelash begonia. See Begonia bowerae. Golden bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Golden barrel cactus. See Echinocactus H Horned holly. See Ilex cornuta. Japanese climbing fern. See Lygodium L
grusonii. Horned rampion. See Phyteuma. japonicum.
Hackberry. See Celtis. Horned poppy. See Glaucium. 733
Golden bell. See Forsythia suspensa. Hairy canary clover. See Lotus hirsutus. Horned tulip. See Tulipa acuminata. Japanese crab apple. See Malus x floribunda.
Golden chain. See Laburnum anagyroides. Hard fern. See Blechnum spicant. Horned violet. See Viola cornuta. Japanese fatsia. See Fatsia japonica.
Golden club. See Orontium aquaticum. Hard shield fern. See Polystichum aculeatum. Hornwort. See Ceratophyllum. Japanese flag. See Iris ensata.
Golden creeping Jenny. See Lysimachia Hardy age. See Eupatorium rugosum. Horse-chestnut. See Aesculus. Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga diversifolia;
Hare’s ear, Shrubby. See Bupleurum Horseshoe vetch. See Hippocrepis.
nummularia ‘Aurea’. Hosta, White-backed. See Hosta hypoleuca. Tsuga sieboldii.
Golden elder. See Sambucus nigra ‘Aurea’. fruticosum. Hot-waterplant. See Achimenes. Japanese holly. See Ilex crenata.
Golden fairy lantern. See Calochortus Hare’s-foot fern. See Davallia canariensis. Hottentot fig. See Carpobrotus edulis. Japanese honeysuckle. See Lonicera
Hare’s-tail grass. See Lagurus ovatus. Hound’s tongue. See Cynoglossum.
amabilis. Harebell poppy. See Meconopsis Houseleek. See Sempervivum. japonica.
Golden flax. See Linum flavum. Hubei rowan. See Sorbus glabriuscula. Japanese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
Golden foxtail. See Alopecurus pratensis quintuplinervia. Huckleberry. See Gaylussacia.
Harlequin flower. See Sparaxis. Humble plant. See Mimosa pudica. turbinata.
‘Aureovariegatus’. Hart’s-tongue fern. See Asplenium Hungarian oak. See Quercus frainetto. Japanese hydrangea vine. See
Golden globe tulip. See Calochortus amabilis. Huntingdon elm. See Ulmus x hollandica
Golden larch. See Pseudolarix amabilis. scolopendrium. Schizophragma hydrangeoides.
Golden male fern. See Dryopteris affinis. Hawaiian hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa- ‘Vegeta’. Japanese ivy. See Hedera rhombea;
Golden oats. See Stipa gigantea. Huntsman’s cup. See Sarracenia purpurea.
Golden polypody. See Phlebodium aureum. sinensis. Hupeh crab. See Malus hupehensis. Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
Golden poplar. See Populus x canadensis Hawk’s beard. See Crepis. Hyacinth. See Hyacinthus. Japanese lantern. See Hibiscus schizopetalus.
Hawkweed. See Hieracium. Hyacinth bean. See Lablab purpureus. Japanese larch. See Larix kaempferi.
‘Aurea’. Hawthorn. See Crataegus. Hyssop. See Hyssopus. Japanese maple. See Acer japonicum; Acer
Golden rod. See Solidago. Hawthorn maple. See Acer crataegifolium.
Golden saxifrage. See Chrysosplenium. Hazel. See Corylus. I palmatum.
Golden shower. See Cassia fistula; Headache tree. See Umbellularia. Japanese mock orange. See Pittosporum
Heart leaf. See Philodendron hederaceum. Ice-plant. See Cleretum bellidiforme.
Pyrostegia venusta. Heart of flame. See Bromelia balansae. Iceland poppy. See Papaver croceum. tobira.
Golden Spaniard. See Aciphylla aurea. Heart pea. See Cardiospermum halicacabum. Illawarra flame tree. See Brachychiton Japanese privet. See Ligustrum japonicum.
Golden spiderlily. See Lycoris aurea. Heart seed. See Cardiospermum. Japanese quince. See Chaenomeles.
Golden top. See Lamarckia aurea. Heart vine. See Ceropegia linearis subsp. acerifolius. Japanese red pine. See Pinus densiflora.
Golden trumpet. See Allamanda cathartica. Illawarra palm. See Archontophoenix Japanese roof iris. See Iris tectorum.
Golden trumpet tree. See Tabebuia woodii. Japanese rush. See Acorus gramineus.
Hearts-and-honey vine. See Ipomoea cunninghamiana. Japanese sago palm. See Cycas revoluta.
chrysantha. Immortelle. See Bracteantha bracteata; Japanese shield fern. See Dryopteris
Golden weeping willow. See Salix x multifida.
Heartsease. See Viola tricolor. Xeranthemum. erythrosora.
x sepulcralis ‘Chrysocoma’. Heath. See Erica. Incense cedar. See Calocedrus decurrens. Japanese snowball tree. See Viburnum
Golden willow. See Salix alba var. vitellina. Heath banksia. See Banksia ericifolia. Incense plant. See Calomeria amaranthoides.
Golden wonder. See Senna didymobotrya. Heather. See Calluna. Incense rose. See Rosa primula. plicatum.
Golden wood millet. See Milium effusum Heavenly bamboo. See Nandina domestica. India rubber fig. See Ficus elastica. Japanese spikenard. See Aralia cordata.
Hebe, Disk-leaved. See Hebe pinguifolia. India rubber tree. See Ficus elastica. Japanese spindle. See Euonymus japonicus.
‘Aureum’. Hedge bamboo. See Bambusa multiplex. Indian almond. See Terminalia catappa. Japanese tassel fern. See Polystichum
Golden yarrow. See Eriophyllum. Hedgehog broom. See Erinacea anthyllis. Indian bean tree. See Catalpa bignonioides.
Golden-chalice vine. See Solandra maxima. Hedgehog holly. See Ilex aquifolium ‘Ferox’. Indian corn. See Zea. polyblepharum.
Golden-eyed grass. See Sisyrinchium Helen’s flower. See Helenium. Indian currant. See Symphoricarpos Japanese umbrella plant. See Sciadopitys
Heliosperma alpestris. See Silene alpestris.
californicum. Heliotrope. See Heliotropium. orbiculatus. verticillata.
Golden-feather palm. See Dypsis lutescens. Heliotrope, Winter. See Petasites fragrans. Indian fig. See Opuntia ficus-indica. Japanese walnut. See Juglans ailantifolia.
Golden-groove bamboo. See Phyllostachys Hellebore. See Helleborus. Indian ginger. See Alpinia calcarata. Japanese white pine. See Pinus parviflora.
Helmet flower. See Aconitum napellus. Indian hawthorn. See Rhaphiolepis indica. Japanese wisteria. See Wisteria floribunda.
aureosulcata. Hemlock. See Tsuga. Indian horse-chestnut. See Aesculus indica. Japanese witch hazel. See Hamamelis
Golden-rain tree. See Koelreuteria paniculata. Hemp agrimony. See Eupatorium. Indian laburnum. See Cassia fistula.
Golden-rayed lily of Japan. See Lilium Hemp vine. See Mikania scandens. Indian pink. See Dianthus chinensis. japonica.
Hen-and-chicken fern. See Asplenium Indian plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis. Japanese yew. See Taxus cuspidata.
auratum. Indigo, False. See Baptisia australis. Japonica. See Chaenomeles.
Goldfish plant. See Columnea gloriosa. bulbiferum. Interrupted fern. See Osmunda claytoniana. Jasmine. See Jasminum.
Goldilocks. See Galatella linosyris. Herald’s trumpet. See Beaumontia Ipomoea, Star. See Ipomoea coccinea. Jeffrey pine. See Pinus jeffreyi.
Gold lace cactus. See Mammillaria elongata. Irish heath. See Erica erigena. Jersey elm. See Ulmus minor ‘Sarniensis’.
Good-luck plant. See Cordyline fruticosa. grandiflora. Irish ivy. See Hedera hibernica. Jerusalem cherry. See Solanum
Goodyer’s elm. See Ulmus minor subsp. Heron’s bill. See Erodium. Irish tutsan. See Hypericum pseudohenryi.
Heropito. See Pseudowintera axillaris. Irish yew. See Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’. pseudocapsicum.
angustifolia. Herringbone plant. See Maranta leuconeura Iron cross begonia. See Begonia masoniana. Jerusalem cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica.
Gorgon plant. See Euryale. Ironbark. See Eucalyptus. Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis fruticosa;
Gorgon’s head. See Euphorbia gorgonis. ‘Erythroneura’. Ironwood. See Ostrya virginiana.
Gorse. See Ulex europaeus. Hers’s maple. See Acer davidii subsp.grosseri. Italian alder. See Alnus cordata. Pulmonaria saccharata.
Gout weed. See Aegopodium. Hiba. See Thujopsis dolabrata. Italian bellflower. See Campanula isophylla. Jerusalem thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi;
Grama, Blue. See Bouteloua gracilis. Hickory. See Carya. Italian buckthorn. See Rhamnus alaternus.
Grand fir. See Abies grandis. Hidden ginger. See Curcuma. Italian ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum. Parkinsonia aculeata.
Granite bottlebrush. See Melaleuca elliptica. Highbush blueberry. See Vaccinium Italian jasmine. See Solanum seaforthianum. Jessamine. See Jasminum officinale.
Granny’s bonnets. See Aquilegia vulgaris. Italian maple. See Acer opalus. Jesuit’s nut. See Trapa natans.
Grape hyacinth. See Muscari. corymbosum. Italian millet. See Setaria macrostachya. Job’s tears. See Coix lacryma-jobi.
Grape ivy. See Cissus rhombifolia. Hill cherry. See Prunus jamasakura. Ivory bells. See Campanula alliariifolia. Joe Pye weed. See Eupatorium maculatum.
Grape vine. See Vitis vinifera. Himalayan birch. See Betula utilis. Ivy. See Hedera. Jonquil. See Narcissus jonquilla.
Grass of Parnassus. See Parnassia palustris. Himalayan blue poppy. See Meconopsis Ivy of Uruguay. See Cissus striata. Joseph’s coat. See Alternanthera dentata
Grass tree. See Xanthorrhoea. Ivy-leaf peperomia. See Peperomia
Grass widow. See Olsynium douglasii. baileyi; Meconopsis grandis. ‘Purple Knight’.
Grass, Golden-eyed. See Sisyrinchium Himalayan box. See Buxus wallichiana. griseoargentea. Josephine’s lily. See Brunsvigia josephinae.
Himalayan honeysuckle. See Leycesteria Ivy-leaved violet. See Viola hederacea. Judas tree. See Cercis.
californicum. Ivy-leaved toadflax. See Cymbalaria muralis. Juneberry. See Amelanchier.
Grass-leaved daylily. See Hemerocallis minor. formosa. Jungle brake. See Pteris umbrosa.
Grassy bells. See Edraianthus. Himalayan lilac. See Syringa emodi. J Juniper. See Juniperus.
Great burnet. See Sanguisorba officinalis. Himalayan May apple. See Sinopodophyllum
Great Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum Jack pine. See Pinus banksiana. K
hexandrum. Jack-in-the-pulpit. See Arisaema triphyllum.
biflorum. Himalayan pine. See Pinus wallichiana. Jacob’s coat. See Acalypha wilkesiana. Kaffir fig. See Carpobrotus edulis.
Great white cherry. See Prunus ‘Taihaku’. Himalayan weeping juniper. See Juniperus Jacob’s ladder. See Polemonium. Kalili ginger. See Hedychium gardnerianum.
Great-leaved magnolia. See Magnolia Jacobean lily. See Sprekelia formosissima. Kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos.
recurva. Jade plant, Silver. See Crassula arborescens. Kangaroo vine. See Cissus antarctica.
macrohpylla. Hinoki cypress. See Chamaecyparis obtusa. Jade tree. See Crassula ovata. Kansas gay feather. See Liatris pycnostachya.
Greater celandine. See Chelidonium. Hoary willow. See Salix elaeagnos. Jade vine. See Strongylodon macrobotrys. Kapok. See Ceiba pentandra.
Greater periwinkle. See Vinca major. Hognut. See Carya glabra. Japan pepper. See Zanthoxylum piperitum. Kashmir cypress. See Cupressus cashmeriana.
Greater pond sedge. See Carex riparia. Holford pine. See Pinus x holfordiana. Japanese anemone. See Anemone x hybrida. Katsura. See Cercidiphyllum japonicum.
Greater quaking grass. See Briza maxima. Holly. See Ilex. Japanese angelica tree. See Aralia elata. Kenilworth ivy. See Cymbalaria muralis.
Greater woodrush. See Luzula sylvatica. Holly fern. See Cyrtomium falcatum; Japanese apricot. See Prunus mume. Kentucky coffee tree. See Gymnocladus
Grecian strawberry tree. See Arbutus Japanese aralia. See Fatsia japonica.
Polystichum. Japanese arrowhead. See Sagittaria dioica.
andrachne. Holly flame pea. See Chorizema ilicifolium. Kermes oak. See Quercus coccifera.
Greek fir. See Abies cephalonica. Holly-fern woodsia. See Woodsia sagittifolia ‘Flore Pleno’. Kerosene bush. See Ozothamnus ledifolius.
Green earth star. See Cryptanthus acaulis. Japanese arrowroot. See Pueraria montana Kilmarnock willow. See Salix caprea
Green hellebore. See Helleborus viridis. polystichoides.
Green-veined orchid. See Anacamptis morio. Hollyhock. See Alcea. var. lobata. ‘Kilmarnock’.
Greenweed, Dyers’. See Genista tinctoria. Holm oak. See Quercus ilex. Japanese banana. See Musa basjoo. King of the bromeliads. See Vriesea
Grenadilla, Giant. See Passiflora Holy flax. See Santolina rosmarinifolia. Japanese big-leaf magnolia. See Magnolia
Honesty. See Lunaria. hieroglyphica.
quadrangularis. Honey locust. See Gleditsia triacanthos. obovata. King palm. See Archontophoenix.
Grey alder. See Alnus incana. Honeybush. See Melianthus major. Japanese bitter orange. See Citrus trifoliata. King protea. See Protea cynaroides.
Grey fescue. See Festuca glauca. Honeysuckle. See Lonicera. Japanese black pine. See Pinus thunbergii. King William pine. See Athrotaxis
Grey poplar. See Populus x canescens. Honeywort. See Cerinthe. Japanese cedar. See Cryptomeria japonica.
Ground elder. See Aegopodium. Hoop-petticoat daffodil. See Narcissus selaginoides.
Ground ivy. See Glechoma. King’s crown. See Justicia carnea.
Groundsel, Bush. See Baccharis halimifolia. bulbocodium. Kingcup. See Caltha palustris.
Guava, Pineapple. See Acca sellowiana. Hop. See Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’. Kingfisher daisy. See Felicia bergeriana.
Guelder rose. See Viburnum opulus. Hop hornbeam. See Ostrya carpinifolia. Kiwi fruit. See Actinidia deliciosa.
Guernsey lily. See Nerine sarniensis. Hop tree. See Ptelea trifoliata. Klapperbos. See Nymania capensis.
Gum. See Eucalyptus. Hornbeam. See Carpinus. Knapweed. See Centaurea.
Gum plant. See Grindelia. Hornbeam maple. See Acer carpinifolium. Knotweed. See Persicaria.
Gum tree. See Eucalyptus. Korean fir. See Abies koreana.
Korean forsythia. See Forsythia ovata.
Korean mountain ash. See Sorbus alnifolia.
Korean thuja. See Thuja koraiensis.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
M Kowhai. See Sophora. Lorraine begonia. See Begonia ‘Gloire de Mexican flame leaf. See Euphorbia Mountain ash. See Sorbus aucuparia.
Kudzu vine. See Pueraria montana var. Lorraine’. pulcherrima. Mountain avens. See Dryas.
734 Mountain dogwood. See Cornus nuttallii.
lobata. Love grass. See Eragrostis. Mexican flame vine. See Pseudogynoxys Mountain flax. See Phormium cookianum.
Kurrajong. See Brachychiton populneus. Love-in-a-mist. See Nigella damascena. chenopodioides. Mountain gum. See Eucalyptus dalrympleana.
Kusamaki. See Podocarpus macrophyllus. Love-in-a-puff. See Cardiospermum Mountain hakea. See Hakea lissosperma.
Mexican foxglove. See Tetranema roseum. Mountain hemlock. See Tsuga mertensiana.
L halicacabum. Mexican giant hyssop. See Agastache. Mountain holly. See Olearia ilicifolia.
Love-lies-bleeding. See Amaranthus Mexican hat plant. See Kalanchoe Mountain pansy. See Viola lutea.
Lablab. See Lablab purpureus. Mountain pepper. See Tasmannia lanceolata.
Labrador tea. See Rhododendron caudatus. daigremontiana. Mountain pine. See Pinus mugo.
Low-bush blueberry. See Vaccinium Mexican lily. See Hippeastrum reginae. Mountain pride. See Penstemon newberryi.
groenlandicum. Mexican orange blossom. See Choisya. Mountain sow thistle. See Cicerbita alpina.
Lace aralia. See Polyscias guilfoylei ‘Victoriae’. angustifolium var. laevifolium. Mexican palo verde. See Parkinsonia aculeata. Mountain spruce. See Picea engelmannii.
Lace flower. See Episcia dianthiflora. Lucombe oak. See Quercus x crenata Mexican stone pine. See Pinus cembroides. Mountain tassel. See Soldanella montana.
Lace-bark. See Hoheria populnea. Mexican sunflower. See Tithonia rotundifolia. Mountain willow. See Salix arbuscula.
Lace-bark pine. See Pinus bungeana. ‘Lucombeana’. Mexican tulip poppy. See Hunnemannia Mourning iris. See Iris susiana.
Lacquered wine-cup. See Aechmea Foster’s Lungwort. See Pulmonaria. Mourning widow. See Geranium phaeum.
Lupin. See Lupinus. fumariifolia. Mouse plant. See Arisarum proboscideum.
Favorite Group. Lyme grass. See Leymus arenarius. Mexican violet. See Tetranema roseum. Mouse-ear, Alpine. See Cerastium alpinum.
Lad’s love. See Artemisia abrotanum. Mezereon. See Daphne mezereum. Moutan. See Paeonia suffruticosa.
Ladder fern. See Nephrolepis cordifolia. M Michaelmas daisy. See Aster; Mrs. Robb’s bonnet. See Euphorbia
Lady fern. See Athyrium filix-femina.
Lady tulip. See Tulipa clusiana. Macadamia nut. See Macadamia integrifolia. Symphyotrichum. amygdaloides var. robbiae.
Lady-of-the-night. See Brassavola nodosa. Macedonian pine. See Pinus euce. Mickey-mouse plant. See Ochna serrulata. Mrs. Wilmott’s ghost. See Eryngium
Lady’s mantle. See Alchemilla. Mace sedge. See Carex grayi. Mignonette. See Reseda.
Lady’s slipper orchid. See Cypripedium Mackay’s heath. See Erica mackayana. Mignonette vine. See Anredera. giganteum.
Madagascar dragon tree. See Dracaena Mile-a-minute plant. See Fallopia aubertii; Mugwort, White. See Artemisia lactiflora.
calceolus. Mulberry. See Morus.
Lady’s smock. See Cardamine pratensis. marginata. Fallopia baldschuanica. Mullein. See Verbascum.
Lamb’s tongue. See Stachys byzantina. Madagascar jasmine. See Stephanotis Milfoil. See Myriophyllum. Musk. See Mimulus.
Lamb’s-tail cactus. See Echinocereus Milfoil, Whorled water. See Myriophyllum Musk mallow. See Malva moschata.
floribunda. Musk willow. See Salix aegyptiaca.
schmollii. Madeira vine. See Anredera. verticillatum. Myrobalan. See Prunus cerasifera.
Lancewood. See Pseudopanax crassifolius. Madonna lily. See Lilium candidum. Milkweed. See Euphorbia. Myrtle. See Myrtus.
Lantern tree. See Crinodendron hookerianum. Madroña. See Arbutus menziesii. Milkwort. See Polygala.
Large self-heal. See Prunella grandiflora. Mahoe. See Melicytus ramiflorus; Thespesia Mimicry plant. See Pleiospilos bolusii. N
Large yellow restharrow. See Ononis natrix. Mimosa. See Acacia.
Large-leaved lime. See Tilia platyphyllos. populnea. Mind-your-own-business. See Soleirolia. Naked coral tree. See Erythrina americana.
Larkspur. See Consolida. Maiden pink. See Dianthus deltoides. Miniature date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii. Nankeen lily. See Lilium x testaceum.
Late Dutch honeysuckle. See Lonicera Maidenhair fern. See Adiantum capillus- Mint. See Mentha. Narihira bamboo. See Semiarundinaria
Mint bush. See Elsholtzia stauntonii;
periclymenum ‘Serotina’. veneris. fastuosa.
Late spider orchid. See Ophrys fuciflora. Maidenhair spleenwort. See Asplenium Prostanthera. Narrow buckler fern. See Dryopteris
Laurel. See Laurus; Prunus laurocerasus; Mint-bush, Round-leaved. See Prostanthera
trichomanes. carthusiana.
Prunus lusitanica. Maidenhair tree. See Ginkgo biloba rotundifolia. Narrow-leaved ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia.
Laurustinus. See Viburnum tinus. Maiten. See Maytenus boaria. Mintleaf. See Plectranthus madagascariensis. Nasturtium. See Tropaeolum.
Lavandin. See Lavandula x intermedia. Maize. See Zea. Mirbeck’s oak. See Quercus canariensis. Natal bottlebrush. See Greyia sutherlandii.
Lavender. See Lavandula. Majorcan peony. See Paeonia cambessedesii. Mirror orchid. See Ophrys speculum. Natal grass. See Melinis repens.
Lavender cotton. See Santolina Malay ginger. See Costus speciosus. Miss Willmott’s ghost. See Eryngium Natal ivy. See Senecio macroglossus.
Male fern. See Dryopteris filix-mas. Natal plum. See Carissa macrocarpa.
chamaecyparissus. Mallow. See Malva. giganteum. Navelwort, Venus’s. See Omphalodes linifolia.
Lawn chamomile. See Chamaemelum nobile. Maltese cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica. Missouri flag. See Iris missouriensis. Needle spike-rush. See Eleocharis acicularis.
Lawson cypress. See Chamaecyparis Mamaku. See Cyathea medullaris. Mist flower. See Eupatorium rugosum. Nepal ivy. See Hedera nepalensis.
Manchurian cherry. See Prunus maackii. Mistletoe cactus. See Rhipsalis. Nerve plant. See Fittonia.
lawsoniana. Manchurian crab apple. See Malus baccata Mistletoe fig. See Ficus deltoidea. Net bush. See Calothamnus
Lead plant. See Amorpha canescens. Mitrewort. See Mitella. Net-veined willow. See Salix reticulata.
Leadwort, Cape. See Plumbago auriculata. var. mandschurica. Moccasin flower. See Cypripedium acaule. Nettle-leaved bellflower. See Campanula
Least duckweed. See Wolffia arrhiza. Mandarin’s hat plant. See Holmskioldia Mock orange. See Philadelphus coronarius.
Least snowbell. See Soldanella minima. Monarch birch. See Betula maximowicziana. trachelium.
Leatherleaf. See Chamaedaphne calyculata. sanguinea. Monarch-of-the-East. See Sauromatum New Guinea creeper. See Mucuna bennettii.
Leatherleaf sedge. See Carex buchananii. Manipur lily. See Lilium mackliniae. New Zealand bluebell. See Wahlenbergia
Lemon mint. See Mentha x piperita f. citrata. Manna ash. See Fraxinus ornus. venosum.
Lemon verbena. See Aloysia triphylla. Manna gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis. Money tree. See Crassula ovata. albomarginata.
Lemon vine. See Pereskia aculeata. Manuka. See Leptospermum scoparium. Moneywort. See Lysimachia nummularia. New Zealand cabbage palm. See Cordyline
Lenten rose. See Helleborus orientalis. Manzanita. See Arctostaphylos. Mongolian lime. See Tilia mongolica.
Lent lily. See Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Maple. See Acer. Monkey flower. See Diplacus; Mimulus australis.
Leopard lily. See Iris domestica Mapleleaf begonia. See Begonia dregei; Monkey musk. See Mimulus luteus. New Zealand daisy. See Celmisia.
Leopard plant. See Farfugium japonicum Monkey puzzle. See Araucaria araucana. New Zealand edelweiss. See Leucogenes.
Begonia ‘Weltoniensis’. Monkshood. See Aconitum. New Zealand fire tree. See Metrosideros
‘Aureomaculatum’. Marguerite. See Argyranthemum frutescens. Montbretia. See Crocosmia.
Leopard’s bane. See Doronicum. Marigold. See Calendula. . Monterey ceanothus. See Ceanothus rigidus excelsa.
Lesser celandine. See Ficaria. Mariposa tulip. See Calochortus. New Zealand flax. See Phormium.
Lesser periwinkle. See Vinca minor. Mariposa, Yellow. See Calochortus luteus. var. ridigus. New Zealand honeysuckle. See Knightia
Lettuce, Water. See Pistia stratiotes. Maritime pine. See Pinus pinaster. Monterey cypress. See Cupressus
Lijiang spruce. See Picea likiangensis. Marjoram, Wild. See Origanum vulgare. excelsa.
Lilac. See Syringa. Marmalade bush. See Streptosolen jamesonii. macrocarpa. New Zealand satin flower. See Libertia
Lilac fuchsia. See Fuchsia arborescens. Marsh bucklerfern. See Thelypteris palustris. Monterey pine. See Pinus radiata.
Lily. See Lilium. Marsh fern. See Thelypteris palustris. Montpelier maple. See Acer monspessulanum. grandiflora.
Lily of Japan, Golden-rayed. See Lilium Marsh marigold. See Caltha. Montpellier rock rose. See Cistus New Zealand tea-tree. See Leptospermum
Martagon lily. See Lilium martagon.
auratum. Marvel of Peru. See Mirabilis jalapa. monspeliensis. scoparium.
Lily tree. See Magnolia denudata. Mask flower. See Alonsoa warscewiczii. Moon flower. See Ipomoea alba. Ngaio. See Myoporum laetum.
Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria. Masterwort. See Astrantia. Moon trefoil. See Medicago arborea. Night-blooming cereus. See Hylocereus
Lilyturf. See Liriope. Mastic tree. See Pistacia lentiscus. Moonlight holly. See Ilex aquifolium
Lime. See Tilia. Maule’s quince. See Chaenomeles japonica. undatus.
Linden. See Tilia. May. See Crataegus laevigata. ‘Flavescens’. Night-scented stock. See Matthiola
Ling. See Calluna. May apple. See Podophyllum peltatum. Moonseed. See Menispermum.
Lion’s ear. See Leonotis leonurus. May lily. See Maianthemum. Moonstones. See Pachyphytum oviferum. longipetala subsp. bicornis.
Lip fern. See Cheilanthes. Mayflower. See Epigaea repens. Moreton Bay chestnut. See Castanospermum Nikko fir. See Abies homolepis.
Lipstick plant. See Aeschynanthus pulcher. Meadow buttercup. See Ranunculus acris. Nikko maple. See Acer maximowiczianum.
Liquorice. See Glycyrrhiza glabra. Meadow cranesbill. See Geranium pratense. australe. Nine-pin heath. See Erica mammosa.
Liquorice fern. See Polypodium glycyrrhiza. Meadow foam. See Limnanthes douglasii. Moreton Bay fig. See Ficus macrophylla. Ninebark. See Physocarpus opulifolius.
Living baseball. See Euphorbia obesa. Meadow lily. See Lilium canadense. Morinda spruce. See Picea smithiana. Nirre. See Nothofagus antarctica.
Living rock. See Ariocarpus; Pleiospilos. Meadow phlox. See Phlox maculata. Moroccan broom. See Argyrocytisus Noble bamboo. See Himalayacalamus
Living stones. See Lithops. Meadow rue. See Thalictrum.
Livingstone daisy. See Cleretum bellidiforme. Meadow saffron. See Colchicum autumnale. battandieri. falconeri.
Lobel’s maple. See Acer cappadocicum subsp. Meadow saxifrage. See Saxifraga granulata. Moroccan mint. See Mentha spicata Noble fir. See Abies procera.
Meadowsweet. See Filipendula ulmaria. Nodding catchfly. See Silene pendula.
lobelii. Medick. See Medicago. ‘Moroccan’. Nootka cypress. See Xanthocyparis
Lobster cactus. See Schlumbergera truncata. Mediterranean heath. See Erica erigena. Moses-in-the-cradle. See Tradescantia
Locust. See Robinia pseudoacacia. Medlar. See Mespilus. nootkatensis.
Lodgepole pine. See Pinus contorta var. Melick. See Melica. spathacea. Norfolk Island hibiscus. See Lagunaria
Melon cactus. See Melocactus intortus. Mosquito grass. See Bouteloua gracilis.
latifolia. Merrybells. See Uvularia grandiflora. Moss campion. See Silene acaulis. patersonii.
Lollipop plant. See Pachystachys lutea. Mescal button. See Lophophora williamsii. Moss phlox. See Phlox subulata. North Island edelweiss. See Leucogenes
Lombardy poplar. See Populus nigra ‘Italica’. Metake. See Pseudosasa japonica. Mother of thousands. See Saxifraga
London plane. See Platanus x hispanica. Metal-leaf begonia. See Begonia metallica. leontopodium.
London pride. See Saxifraga x urbium. Mexican blood flower. See Distictis stolonifera; Soleirolia. Northern bungalow palm. See
Loosestrife. See Lysimachia. Mother spleenwort. See Asplenium bulbiferum.
Loquat. See Eriobotrya japonica. buccinatoria. Mother-in-law’s seat. See Echinocactus Archontophoenix alexandrae.
Lord Anson’s blue pea. See Lathyrus Mexican bush sage. See Salvia leucantha. Northern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga
Mexican cypress. See Cupressus lusitanica. grusonii.
nervosus. Mexican firecracker. See Echeveria setosa. Mother-in-law’s tongue. See Sansevieria diversifolia.
Lords and ladies. See Arum. Mexican flame bush. See Calliandra tweediei. Northern maidenhair fern. See Adiantum
trifasciata.
Mother-of-pearl plant. See Graptopetalum pedatum.
Northern pitch pine. See Pinus rigida.
paraguayense. Northern rata. See Metrosideros robusta.
Mount Etna broom. See Genista aetnensis. Norway maple. See Acer platanoides.
Mount Morgan wattle. See Acacia Norway spruce. See Picea abies.
podalyriifolia.
Mount Wellington peppermint. See
Eucalyptus coccifera.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
O Parlour palm. See Chamaedorea elegans. Plane. See Platanus. Queen-of-the-night. See Selenicereus R
Parrot leaf. See Alternanthera ficoidea. Plantain. See Musa. grandiflorus.
Oak. See Quercus. Parrot’s bill. See Clianthus puniceus. Plantain lily. See Hosta. 735
Oak fern. See Gymnocarpium dryopteris. Parrot’s flower. See Heliconia psittacorum. Plum yew. See Cephalotaxus; Prumnopitys Queen’s tears. See Billbergia nutans.
Oak-leaved hydrangea. See Hydrangea Parrot’s plantain. See Heliconia psittacorum. Queen’s wreath. See Petrea volubilis.
Parsley fern. See Cryptogramma crispa. andina. Queencup. See Clintonia uniflora.
quercifolia. Partridge berry. See Mitchella. Plum-fruited yew. See Prumnopitys andina. Queensland nut. See Macadamia integrifolia.
Obedient plant. See Physostegia. Pasque flower. See Pulsatilla vulgaris. Plume poppy. See Macleaya cordata. Queensland pyramidal tree. See Lagunaria
Ocean spray. See Holodiscus discolor. Passion flower. See Passiflora. Plumed tussock grass. See Chionochloa
Oconee bells. See Shortia galacifolia. Passion fruit, Banana. See Passiflora patersonii.
Ohio buckeye. See Aesculus glabra. conspicua. Queensland silver wattle. See Acacia
Old lady cactus. See Mammillaria hahniana. antioquiensis. Plush plant. See Echeveria pulvinata.
Old man. See Artemisia abrotanum. Patagonian cypress. See Fitzroya Poached-egg flower. See Limnanthes podalyriifolia.
Old man of the Andes. See Oreocereus Queiró. See Daboecia azorica.
cupressoides. douglasii. Quince. See Cydonia oblonga.
celsianus. Pawpaw. See Asimina triloba. Pocket handkerchief tree. See Davidia
Old man’s beard. See Clematis. Pea tree. See Caragana arborescens. R
Old pink moss rose. See Rosa x centifolia Peace lily. See Spathiphyllum wallisii. involucrata.
Peach. See Prunus persica. Poet’s daffodil. See Narcissus poeticus. Rabbit’s tracks. See Maranta leuconeura
‘Muscosa’. Peacock flower. See Tigridia pavonia. Poet’s ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum. ‘Kerchoveana’.
Old-man cactus. See Cephalocereus senilis Peacock plant. See Goeppertia makoyana. Pohutakawa. See Metrosideros.
Old-witch grass. See Panicum capillare. Peanut cactus. See Echinopsis chamaecereus. Poinsettia. See Euphorbia pulcherrima. Rain daisy. See Dimorphotheca pluvialis.
Oleander leaf protea. See Protea neriifolia. Pear. See Pyrus. Pokeweed, Virginian. See Phytolacca Rain lily. See Zephyranthes.
Oleaster. See Elaeagnus angustifolia. Pearl berry. See Margyricarpus pinnatus. Rainbow star. See Cryptanthus bromeliodes.
Olive. See Olea europaea. Pearl bush. See Exochorda. americana. Raisin-tree. See Hovenia dulcis.
Oliveranthus elegans. See Echeveria harmsii. Pearl everlasting. See Anaphalis. Polka dot plant. See Hypoestes. Ram’s horn. See Proboscidea louisianica.
One-leaved ash. See Fraxinus f. diversifolia. Pearl millet. See Pennisetum glaucum ‘Purple Polyanthus. See Primula Pacific Series. Rangiora. See Brachyglottis repanda.
Onion. See Allium. Polyanthus daffodil. See Narcissus tazetta. Rangoon creeper. See Combretum indicum.
Ontario poplar. See Populus x jackii. Majesty’. Polypody. See Polypodium vulgare. Raspberry, Flowering. See Rubus odoratus.
Opium poppy. See Papaver somniferum. Pedunculate oak. See Quercus robur. Pomegranate. See Punica. Rata. See Metrosideros.
Orange jasmine. See Murraya paniculata. Pelican flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora. Pontine oak. See Quercus pontica. Rat’s tail cactus. See Disocactus flagelliformis.
Orange lily. See Lilium bulbiferum. Pencil cedar. See Juniperus virginiana. Pony-tail. See Beaucarnea recurvata. Rauli. See Nothofagus alpina.
Orchard grass. See Dactylis glomerata. Pendent silver lime. See Tilia tomentosa Poorman’s orchid. See Schizanthus. Red baneberry. See Actaea rubra.
Orchid cactus. See Epiphyllum. Poplar. See Populus. Red chokeberry. See Aronia arbutifolia.
Oregon grape. See Mahonia aquifolium. ‘Petiolaris’. Poppy. See Papaver. Red ginger lily. See Hedychium coccineum.
Oregon maple. See Acer macrophyllum. Pendulous sedge. See Carex pendula. Port Jackson fig. See Ficus rubiginosa. Red horse-chestnut. See Aesculus x carnea.
Oregon plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis. Penny-cress, Alpine. See Thlaspi alpinum. Portia oil nut. See Thespesia populnea. Red maple. See Acer rubrum.
Organ-pipe cactus. See Pachycereus Peony. See Paeonia. Portugal laurel. See Prunus lusitanica. Red morning glory. See Ipomoea coccinea.
Pepper. See Capsicum. Portuguese heath. See Erica lusitanica. Red mountain spinach. See Atriplex
marginatus. Pepper face. See Peperomia obtusifolia. Pot marigold. See Calendula officinalis.
Oriental beech. See Fagus orientalis. Pepper, mountain. See Drimys lanceolata. Potato creeper. See Solanum seaforthianum. hortensis var. rubra.
Oriental bittersweet. See Celastrus Pepper-bush, Sweet. See Clethra alnifolia. Potato vine. See Solanum laxum. Red oak. See Quercus rubra.
Pepper-tree. See Pseudowintera axillaris. Pouch flower. See Calceolaria. Red orach. See Atriplex hortensis var. rubra.
orbiculatus. Peppermint geranium. See Pelargonium Powder-puff tree. See Calliandra. Red orchid cactus. See Nopalxochia
Oriental plane. See Platanus orientalis. Prayer peperomia. See Peperomia
Oriental poppy. See Papaver orientale. tomentosum. ackermannii.
Oriental spruce. See Picea orientalis. Peppermint tree. See Agonis flexuosa. dolabriformis. Red osier dogwood. See Cornus sericea.
Oriental sweet gum. See Liquidambar Père David’s maple. See Acer davidii. Prayer plant. See Maranta leuconeura. Red passion flower. See Passiflora coccinea;
Perennial pea. See Lathyrus latifolius; Prickly Moses. See Acacia verticillata.
orientalis. Prickly pear. See Opuntia. Passiflora racemosa.
Oriental thuja. See Platycladus. Lathyrus sylvestris. Prickly poppy. See Argemone mexicana. Red pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus.
Ornamental cabbage. See Brassica oleracea Periwinkle. See Vinca. Prickly shield fern. See Polystichum Red river gum. See Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
Perry’s weeping silver holly. See Ilex Red rose of Lancaster. See Rosa gallica var.
forms. aculeatum.
Ornamental kale. See Brassica Northern aquifolium ‘Argentea Marginata Pendula’. Pride of Bolivia. See Tipuana tipu. officinalis.
Persian buttercup. See Ranunculus asiaticus. Pride of Madeira. See Echium candicans. Red spider lily. See Lycoris radiata.
Lights. Persian everlasting pea. See Lathyrus Primrose. See Primula. Red valerian. See Centranthus ruber.
Ornamental maize. See Zea mays. Primrose jasmine. See Jasminum mesnyi. Red-and-green kangaroo paw. See
Ornamental pepper. See Capsicum annuum. rotundifolius. Primrose peerless. See Narcissus
Ornamental yam. See Dioscorea discolor. Persian ironwood. See Parrotia persica. Anigozanthos manglesii.
Orris root. See Iris germanica ‘Florentina’. Persian ivy. See Hedera colchica. x medioluteus. Red-barked dogwood. See Cornus alba.
Oso berry. See Oemleria cerasiformis. Persian lilac. See Melia azedarach; Syringa Primula, Drumstick. See Primula denticulata. Red-berried elder. See Sambucus racemosa.
Ostrich fern. See Matteuccia struthiopteris. Prince Albert’s yew. See Saxegothaea Red-hot cat’s tail. See Acalypha hispida.
Ostrich-feather fern. See Matteuccia x persica. Red-hot poker. See Kniphofia; K. uvaria.
Persian stone cress. See Aethionema conspicua. Red-ink plant. See Phytolacca americana.
struthiopteris. Prince of Wales heath. See Erica perspicua. Red-leaf philodendron. See Philodendron
Oswego tea. See Monarda didyma. grandiflorum. Prince’s feather. See Amaranthus
Our Lord’s candle. See Hesperoyucca Persian violet. See Exacum affine. erubescens.
Peruvian daffodil. See Ismene narcissiflora. hypochondriacus. Red-twigged lime. See Tilia platyphyllos.
whipplei. Peruvian old-man cactus. See Espostoa Princess tree. See Paulownia tomentosa. Redbird flower. See Euphorbia tithymaloides
Ovens wattle. See Acacia pravissima. Privet. See Ligustrum.
Owl’s eyes. See Huernia zebrina. lanata. Prophet flower. See Arnebia pulchra. ‘Variegata’.
Ox eye. See Heliopsis. Peyote. See Lophophora. Prostrate coleus. See Plectranthus Redbud. See Cercis.
Ox-eye, Yellow. See Buphthalmum Pheasant’s eye. See Narcissus poeticus var. Redwood. See Sequoia sempervirens.
oertendahlii. Reed grass. See Calamagrostis.
salicifolium. recurvus. Prostrate speedwell. See Veronica prostrata. Reflexed stonecrop. See Sedum rupestre.
Oxlip. See Primula elatior. Pheasant’s tail grass. See Anemanthele Pudding pipe-tree. See Cassia fistula. Regal lily. See Lilium regale.
Puka. See Meryta sinclairii. Restharrow. See Ononis.
PQ lessoniana. Pukapuka. See Brachyglottis repanda. Resurrection lily. See Lycoris squamigera.
Philippine violet. See Barleria cristata. Purple anise. See Illicium floridanum. Resurrection plant. See Selaginella
Pacific dogwood. See Cornus nuttallii. Philodendron, Blushing. See Philodendron Purple broom. See Chamaecytisus purpureus.
Pacific fir. See Abies amabilis. Purple coral pea. See Hardenbergia violacea. lepidophylla.
Pagoda tree. See Plumeria; Styphnolobium erubescens. Purple crab. See Malus x purpurea. Rewa rewa. See Knightia excelsa.
Piccabeen palm. See Archontophoenix Purple loosestrife. See Lythrum. Rhubarb. See Rheum.
japonicum. Purple mountain saxifrage. See Saxifraga Ribbon bush. See Hypoestes aristata.
Paintbrush. See Haemanthus albiflos. cunninghamiana. Ribbon gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis.
Painted fern. See Athyrium niponicum. Pick-a-back plant. See Tolmiea menziesii. oppositifolia. Ribbon plant. See Chlorophytum comosum.
Painted net leaf. See Fittonia. Pickerel weed. See Pontederia cordata. Purple osier. See Salix purpurea. Ribbonwood. See Hoheria sexstylosa.
Painted nettle. See Solenostemon. Pigeon berry. See Duranta erecta. Purple rock brake. See Pellaea atropurpurea. Rice-paperplant. See Tetrapanax papyrifer.
Painted trillium. See Trillium undulatum. Pignut. See Carya glabra. Purple shield. See Strobilanthes dyeriana. Rienga lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.
Painted wood lily. See Trillium undulatum. Pignut hickory. See Carya glabra. Purple toadflax. See Linaria purpurea. River birch. See Betula nigra.
Palm Springs daisy. See Cladanthus. Pilewort. See Ficaria verna. Purple wreath. See Petrea volubilis. Roast-beef plant. See Iris foetidissima.
Palm-leaf begonia. See Begonia luxurians. Pin cherry. See Prunus pensylvanica. Purple-leaved ivy. See Hedera helix Roblé. See Nothofagus obliqua.
Pampas grass. See Cortaderia selloana. Pin oak. See Quercus palustris. Rock lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.
Panda plant. See Kalanchoe tomentosa. Pine. See Pinus. ‘Atropurpurea’. Rock rose. See Cistus.
Pansy. See Viola x wittrockiana. Pine-mat manzanita. See Arctostaphylos Purple-stemmed cliff brake. See Pellaea Rock speedwell. See Veronica fruticans.
Pansy orchid. See Miltoniopsis. Rock spiraea. See Petrophytum.
Panther lily. See Lilium pardalinum. nevadensis. atropurpurea. Rocky Mountain columbine. See Aquilegia
Paper birch. See Betula papyifera. Pineapple. See Ananas. Purslane. See Portulaca.
Paper bush. See Edgeworthia. Pineapple broom. See Argyrocytisus Pussy ears. See Cyanotis somaliensis; coerulea.
Paper mulberry. See Broussonetia papyrifera. Rocky Mountain juniper. See Juniperus
Paper reed. See Cyperus papyrus. battandieri. Kalanchoe tomentosa.
Paper-bark maple. See Acer griseum. Pineapple flower. See Eucomis. Pussy willow. See Salix caprea. scopulorum.
Paper-bark tree. See Melaleuca viridiflora Pineapple guava. See Acca sellowiana. Pygmy date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii. Roman chamomile. See Chameamelum nobile.
Pineapple lily. See Eucomis. Pyramidal bugle. See Ajuga pyramidalis. Roman wormwood. See Artemisia pontica.
var. rubriflora. Pink. See Dianthus. Pyrenean dead nettle. See Horminum Roof houseleek. See Sempervivum tectorum.
Paper-bark, Scented. See Melaleuca Pink arum. See Zantedeschia rehmannii. Rooihaartjie. See Erica cerinthoides.
Pink banana. See Musa velutina. pyrenaicum. Rooiklossieheide. See Erica mammosa.
squarrosa. Pink broom. See Carmichaelia carmichaeliae. Quaking grass. See Briza. Rosary vine. See Ceropegia linearis subsp.
Paperbark. See Melaleuca. Pink dandelion. See Crepis incana. Quamash. See Camassia quamash.
Papyrus. See Cyperus papyrus. Pink snowball. See Dombeya x cayeuxii. Quassia. See Picrasma quassoides. woodii.
Para para. See Pisonia umbellifera. Pink trumpet tree. See Tabebuia rosea. Quater. See Vinca major. Rose. See Rosa.
Parachute plant. See Ceropegia sandersonii. Pinwheel. See Aeonium haworthii. Queen Anne’s double daffodil. See Rose acacia. See Robinia hispida.
Paradise lily. See Paradisea. Pinyon. See Pinus cembroides. Rose bay. See Nerium oleander.
Paradise palm. See Howea forsteriana. Pistachio. See Pistacia. Narcissus ‘Eystettensis’. Rose cactus. See Pereskia grandifolia.
Parasol tree, Chinese. See Firmiana simplex. Pitch apple. See Clusia rosea. Queen Anne’s jonquil. See Narcissus Rose moss. See Portulaca.
Pitcherplant. See Nepenthes; Sarracenia. Rose of China. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Pittosporum, Japanese. See Pittosporum jonquilla ‘Flore Pleno’.
Queen Anne’s thimbles. See Gilia capitata.
tobira. Queen palm. See Syagrus romanzoffiana.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
S Rose of Jericho. See Selaginella lepidophylla. Sedges. See Grasses, Bamboos, Rushes, and Snake bush. See Justicia adhatoda. Star-cluster. See Pentas lanceolata.
Rose of Sharon. See Hypericum calycinum. Sedges. Snake gourd. See Trichosanthes cucumerina Star-of-Bethlehem. See Ornithogalum.
736 Rose periwinkle. See Catharanthus roseus. Star-of-Bethlehem orchid. See Angraecum
Rose pincushion. See Mammillaria Self-heal. See Prunella. var. anguina.
Sensitive fern. See Onoclea sensibilis. Snake-bark maple. See Acer capillipes; Acer sesquipedale.
zeilmanniana. Sensitive plant. See Mimosa pudica. Starflower. See Hypoxis; Mentzelia; Orbea
Rosebay, White. See Chamaenerion Sentry palm. See Howea. davidii; Acer davidii subsp. grosseri; Acer
Serbian spruce. See Picea omorika. pensylvanicum; Acer rufinerve. variegata.Statice. See Limonium;
angustifolium ’Album’. Service tree of Fontainebleau. See Sorbus Snake’s-head fritillary. See Fritillaria meleagris. Psylliostachys.
Rosebud cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella. Snakeroot. See Polygala. Stinking hellebore. See Helleborus foetidus.
Rosemary .See Rosmarinus officinalis. latifolia. Snapdragon. See Antirrhinum. Stinking iris. See Iris foetidissima.
Roseroot. See Rhodiola rosea. Serviceberry. See Amelanchier. Snow bush. See Breynia disticha. Stock. See Matthiola.
Rosinweed. See Grindelia. Sessile oak. See Quercus petraea. Snow creeper. See Porana paniculata. Stone pine. See Pinus pinea.
Rouen lilac. See Syringa x chinensis. Shadbush. See Amelanchier. Snow gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. Stone plant. See Lithops.
Round-headed club-rush. See Scirpoides Shag-bark hickory. See Carya ovata. niphophila. Stonecrop. See Sedum.
Shallon. See Gaultheria shallon. Snow poppy. See Eomecon. Stork’s bill. See Erodium.
holoschoenus. Shamrock pea. See Parochetus communis. Snow trillium. See Trillium nivale. Stranvaesia. See Photinia.
Round-leaved mint-bush. See Prostanthera Shasta daisy. See Leucanthemum x superbum. Snow-in-summer. See Cerastium Strawberry bush. See Calycanthus floridus.
Shaving brush plant. See Haemanthus tomentosum; Euphorbia marginata. Strawberry cactus. See Mammillaria
rotundifolia. Snow-on-the-mountain. See Euphorbia prolifera.
Round-leaved snow gum. See Eucalyptus albiflos. marginata. Strawberry geranium. See Saxifraga
Sheep laurel. See Kalmia angustifolia. Snowball cactus. See Mammillaria bocasana. stolonifera ‘Tricolor’.
perriniana. Sheep’s bit. See Jasione laevis. Snowball cushion cactus. See Mammillaria Strawberry tree. See Arbutus unedo.
Round-leaved wintergreen. See Pyrola Sheepberry. See Viburnum lentago. candida. Strawflower. See Bracteantha bracteata;
Shell flower. See Alpinia zerumbet; Moluccella Snowball tree. See Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’. Rhodanthe.
rotundifolia. Snowbell. See Soldanella. String-of-beads. See Curio rowleyana.
Rowan. See Sorbus aucuparia. laevis. Snowberry. See Symphoricarpos albus. String-of-hearts. See Ceropegia linearis
Royal fern. See Osmunda regalis. Shell ginger. See Alpinia zerumber. Snowbush rose. See Rosa ‘Dupontii’. subsp. woodii.
Royal paintbrush. See Scadoxus puniceus. Shield fern. See Polystichum. Snowdrop. See Galanthus. Striped squill. See Puschkinia scilloides var.
Royal palm. See Roystonea. Shingle oak. See Quercus imbricaria. Snowdrop tree. See Halesia. libanotica.
Royal red bugler. See Aeschynanthus Shingle plant. See Monstera acuminata. Snowdrop windflower. See Anemone Stuartia. See Stewartia.
Shoo-fly. See Nicandra physalodes. sylvestris. Subalpine fir. See Abies lasiocarpa.
pulcher. Shooting stars. See Dodecatheon. Snowflake. See Leucojum. Sugar bush. See Protea repens.
Rubber plant. See Ficus elastica. Shore juniper. See Juniperus conferta. Snowy woodrush. See Luzula nivea. Sugar maple. See Acer saccharum.
Rue. See Ruta. Shore pine. See Pinus contorta. Soap plant. See Chlorogalum. Sugared-almond plum. See Pachyphytum
Rushes. See Grasses, Bamboos, Rushes, and Showy lady’s slipper orchid. See Soapwort. See Saponaria. oviferum.
Soft shield fern. See Polystichum setiferum. Sulphur flower. See Eriogonum umbellatum.
Sedges. Cypripedium reginae. Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum. Sumach. See Rhus.
Russian comfrey. See Symphytum x Shrimp plant. See Justicia brandegeeana. Sorrel tree. See Oxydendrum arboreum. Summer cypress. See Bassia scoparia f.
Shrubby germander. See Teucrium fruticans. Sorrel, Wood. See Oxalis acetosella. trichophylla.
uplandicum. Shrubby hare’s ear. See Bupleurum South African sage wood. See Buddleja Summer snowflake. See Leucojum aestivum.
Russian vine. See Fallopia baldschuanica. salvifolia. Sun plant. See Portulaca grandiflora.
Rusty-back fern. See Asplenium ceterach. fruticosum. South Sea arrowroot. See Tacca Sun rose. See Helianthemum.
Shrubby restharrow. See Ononis fruticosa. leontopetaloides. Sundew. See Drosera.
S Siam tulip. See Curcuma. Southern beech. See Nothofagus. Sunflower. See Helianthus, H. annuus.
Siberian bugloss. See Brunnera macrophylla. Southern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga Sunrise horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
Sacred bamboo. See Nandina domestica. Siberian crab apple. See Malus baccata. sieboldii. x neglecta.
Sacred lotus. See Nelumbo nucifera. Siberian elm. See Ulmus pumila. Southern nettle tree. See Celtis australis. Suurberg cycad. See Encephalartos longifolius.
Saffron buckwheat. See Eriogonum crocatum. Siberian flag. See Iris sibirica. Southern polypody. See Polypodium Swamp cypress. See Taxodium distichum.
Saffron crocus. See Crocus sativus. Siberian melic. See Melica altissima. cambricum. Swamp lily. See Lilium superbum.
Saffron, Meadow. See Colchicum autumnale. Siberian squill. See Scilla siberica. Southernwood. See Artemisia abrotanum. Swamp pink. See Helonias bullata.
Sage. See Salvia. Siberian wallflower. See Erysimum Spade leaf. See Philodendron domesticum. Swan flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora.
Saguaro. See Carnegiea gigantea. Spanish bayonet. See Yucca aloifolia. Swan plant. See Gomphocarpus physocarpus.
Sawfly orchid. See Ophrys tenthredinifera. x marshallii. Spanish bluebell. See Hyacinthoides Swan River daisy. See Brachycome
St. Bernard’s lily. See Anthericum liliago. Silk cotton tree. See Ceiba. x massartiana. iberidifolia.
St. Bruno’s lily. See Paradisea. Silk tree. See Albizia julibrissin. Spanish broom. See Spartium junceum. Swedish ivy. See Plectranthus oertendahlii;
St. Catherine’s lace. See Eriogonum. Silk vine. See Periploca graeca. Spanish chestnut. See Castanea sativa. Plectranthus verticillatus.
St. Dabeoc’s heath. See Daboecia cantabrica. Silk weed. See Asclepias. Spanish dagger. See Yucca gloriosa. Swedish whitebeam. See Sorbus intermedia.
St. John’s wort. See Hypericum. Silk-tassel bush. See Garrya elliptica. Spanish gorse. See Genista hispanica. Sweet alyssum. See Lobularia maritima.
St. Joseph’s lily. See Hippeastrum vittatum. Silky oak. See Grevillea robusta. Spanish heath. See Erica australis. Sweet bay. See Laurus nobilis; Magnolia
St. Vincent lilac. See Solanum seaforthianum. Silky wisteria. See Wisteria brachybotrys Spanish morning glory. See Merremia virginiana.
Sand phlox. See Phlox bifida. tuberosa. Sweet box. See Sarcococca.
Sandwort. See Arenaria. ‘Shiro Kapitan’. Spanish moss. See Tillandsia usneoides. Sweet briar. See Rosa rubiginosa.
Sapphire berry. See Symplocos paniculata. Silver ball cactus. See Parodia scopa. Spanish sage. See Salvia lavandulifolia. Sweet buckeye. See Aesculus flava.
Sarana, Black. See Fritillaria camschatcensis. Silver banner grass. See Miscanthus Spanish shawl. See Heterocentron elegans. Sweet chestnut. See Castanea.
Sargent cherry. See Prunus sargentii. Spanish tree heath. See Erica australis. Sweet Cicely. See Myrrhis.
Sargent’s rowan. See Sorbus sargentiana. sacchariflorus. Sparmannia. See Sparrmannia. Sweet corn. See Zea mays.
Sarsparilla, Australian. See Hardenbergia Silver beech. See Nothofagus menziesii. Spearmint. See Mentha spicata. Sweet flag. See Acorus calamus.
Silver bell. See Halesia. Spiceberry. See Ardisia crenata. Sweet gum. See Liquidambar styraciflua.
violacea. Silver birch. See Betula pendula. Spicebush. See Calycanthus; Lindera benzoin. Sweet pea. See Lathyrus odoratus.
Sausage tree. See Kigelia africana. Silver cassia. See Senna artemisioides. Spider flower. See Cleome. Sweet pepper-bush. See Clethra alnifolia.
Savin. See Juniperus sabina. Silver chain. See Dendrochilum glumaceum. Spider lily. See Hymenocallis. Sweet rocket. See Hesperis matronalis.
Savory, Winter. See Satureja montana. Silver dollar cactus. See Astrophytum asterias. Spider plant. See Anthericum; Chlorophytum Sweet scabious. See Scabiosa atropurpurea.
Saw palmetto. See Serenoa repens. Silver fir. See Abies. comosum. Sweet sop. See Annona.
Sawara cypress. See Chamaecyparis pisifera. Silver hedgehog holly. See Ilex aquifolium Spiderwort. See Tradescantia. Sweet sultan. See Amberboa.
Sawfly orchid. See Ophrys tenthredinifera. Spignel. See Meum athamanticum. Sweet viburnum. See Viburnum
Sawtooth oak. See Quercus acutissima. ‘Ferox Argentea’. Spike heath. See Erica spiculifolia. odoratissimum.
Saxifrage. See Saxifraga. Silver inch plant. See Tradescantia zebrina. Spiked speedwell. See Veronica spicata. Sweet violet. See Viola odorata.
Scabious. See Knautia arvensis; Scabiosa. Silver jade plant. See Crassula arborescens. Spiloxene capensis. See Hypoxis capensis. Sweet William. See Dianthus barbatus.
Scarlet ball cactus.See Parodia haselbergii Silver lime. See Tilia tomentosa. Spindle. See Euonymus. Sweetheart ivy. See Hedera hibernica
Silver maple. See Acer saccharinum. Spindle tree. See Euonymus. ‘Deltoidea’.
subsp. haselbergii. Silver torch. See Cleistocactus strausii. Spinning gum. See Eucalyptus perriniana. Sweetwood. See Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Scarlet banana. See Musa coccinea. Silver tree. See Leucadendron argenteum. Spleenwort. See Asplenium. Swiss mountain pine. See Pinus mugo.
Scarlet fritillary. See Fritillaria recurva. Silver vase plant. See Aechmea fasciata. Spring beauty. See Claytonia virginica. Swiss-cheese plant. See Monstera deliciosa.
Scarlet ginger lily. See Hedychium coccineum. Silver vine. See Actinidia polygama; Spring bell. See Olsynium douglasii. Switch ivy. See Leucothöe fontanesiana.
Scarlet oak. See Quercus coccinea. Spring cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella. Sword brake. See Pteris ensiformis.
Scarlet plume. See Euphorbia fulgens. Scindapsus pictus ‘Argyraeus’. Spring crocus. See Crocus vernus. Sword fern. See Nephrolepis exaltata.
Scarlet trompetilla. See Bouvardia ternifolia. Silver wattle. See Acacia dealbata. Spring gentian. See Gentiana verna. Sycamore. See Acer pseudoplatanus.
Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle. See Lonicera Silver willow. See Salix alba var. sericea. Spring snowflake. See Leucojum vernum. Sydney golden wattle. See Acacia longifolia.
Silver-leaved geranium. See Pelargonium Spruce. See Picea. Syrian juniper. See Juniperus drupacea.
x brownii. Spurge. See Euphorbia.
Scarlet turkscap lily. See Lilium ‘Flower of Spring’. Spurge laurel. See Daphne laureola. T
Silver-margined holly. See Ilex aquifolium Squawroot. See Trillium erectum.
chalcedonicum. Squirrel tail grass. See Hordeum jubatum. Tacamahac. See Populus balsamifera.
Scented paperbark. See Melaleuca squarrosa. ‘Argentea Marginata’. Squirrel’s-foot fern. See Davallia mariesii. Tail flower. See Anthurium andraeanum.
Scotch laburnum. See Laburnum alpinum. Sitka spruce. See Picea sitchensis. Staff tree. See Celastrus scandens. Taiwan cherry. See Prunus campanulata.
Scotch rose. See Rosa spinosissima. Skullcap. See Scutellaria. Staff vine. See Celastrus. Taiwan spruce. See Picea morrisonicola.
Scotch thistle. See Onopordum acanthium. Sky plant. See Tillandsia ionantha. Stag’s-horn sumach. See Rhus typhina. Tamarind. See Tamarindus indica.
Scots pine. See Pinus sylvestris. Skyflower. See Duranta erecta. Staghorn fern. See Platycerium. Tamarisk. See Tamarix.
Screw pine. See Pandanus. Sleepy mallow. See Malvaviscus arboreus. Star daisy. See Lindheimera texana. Tampala. See Amaranthus tricolor.
Scrub palmetto. See Serenoa repens. Slender lady palm. See Rhapis excelsa. Star ipomoea. See Ipomoea coccinea. Tanbark oak. See Lithocarpus densiflorus.
Scurvy grass. See Oxalis enneaphylla. Slipper flower. See Calceolaria. Star jasmine. See Trachelospermum Tansy-leaved thorn. See Crataegus
Sea buckthorn. See Hippophäe rhamnoides. Slipper orchid. See Cypripedium; jasminoides.
Sea campion, Double. See Silene uniflora Star magnolia. See Magnolia stellata. tanacetifolia.
Paphiopedilum. Tape grass. See Vallisneria spiralis.
‘Robin Whitebreast’. Slipperwort. See Calceolaria.
Sea daffodil. See Pancratium maritimum. Sloe. See Prunus spinosa.
Sea holly. See Eryngium. Small-leaved box. See Buxus microphylla.
Sea kale. See Crambe maritima. Small-leaved lime. See Tilia cordata.
Sea lavender. See Limonium. Smallweed. See Calamagrostis.
Sea lily. See Pancratium maritimum. Smoke tree. See Cotinus coggygria.
Sea onion. See Drimia maritima. Smooth cypress. See Cupressus arizonica var.
Sea pink. See Armeria maritima.
Sea squill. See Drimia maritima. glabra.
Sea urchin. See Astrophytum asterias. Smooth sumach. See Rhus glabra.
Sedge. See Carex. Smooth-leaved elm. See Ulmus minor.
Snail flower. See Vigna caracalla.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Tarajo holly. See Ilex latifolia. Tulip tree. See Liriodendron tulipifera. Watson’s heath. See Erica x watsonii. Willow-leaved magnolia. See Magnolia Z
Tarata. See Pittosporum eugenioides. Tumbling Ted. See Saponaria ocymoides. Wattle. See Acacia. salicifolia.
Tarentum myrtle. See Myrtus communis Tunic flower. See Petrorhagia saxifraga. Wattle, Sydney golden. See Acacia longifolia. 737
Tupelo. See Nyssa. Wavy hair grass. See Deschampsia flexuosa Willow-leaved sunflower. See Helianthus
subsp. tarentina. Turkey oak. See Quercus cerris. salicifolius.
Taro. See Alocasia macrorrhiza; Colocasia Turkish hazel. See Corylus colurna. ‘Tatra Gold’.
Turkscap lily. See Lilium superbum. Wax flower. See Hoya; Stephanotis floribunda. Windflower. See Anemone Zephyranthes.
esculenta. Turpentine, Cyprus. See Pistacia terebinthus. Wax plant. See Hoya carnosa. Windmill palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei.
Tarweed. See Grindelia. Turtle-head. See Chelone oblique. Wax privet peperomia. See Peperomia Wine-cup, Lacquered. See Aechmea Foster’s
Tasman celery pine. See Phyllocladus Twin flower. See Linnaea.
Twin-flowered violet. See Viola biflora. glabella. Favorite Group.
aspleniifolius. Two-color heath. See Erica discolor. Wax tree. See Toxicodendron succedanea. Winecups. See Babiana rubrocyanea.
Tasmanian blue gum. See Eucalyptus Wax vine. See Senecio macroglossus. Wing nut. See Pterocarya.
U Waxflower, Geraldton. See Chamelaucium Winged spindle. See Euonymus alatus.
globulus. Winter aconite. See Eranthis.
Tasmanian snow gum. See Eucalyptus Udo. See Aralia cordata. uncinatum. Winter cherry. See Cardiospermum
Ulmo. See Eucryphia cordifolia. Wayfaring tree. See Viburnum lantana.
coccifera. Umbrella bamboo. See Fargesia murielae. Wedding-cake tree. See Cornus controversa halicacabum; Physalis alkekengi; Solanum
Tasmanian waratah. See Telopea truncata. Umbrella leaf. See Diphylleia cymosa. capsicastrum.
Tasmanian yellow gum. See Eucalyptus Umbrella pine. See Pinus pinea. ‘Variegata’. Winter cress. See Barbarea vulgaris.
Umbrella plant. See Darmera. Weeping ash. See Fraxinus excelsior ‘Pendula’. Winter heath. See Erica carnea.
johnstonii. Umbrella tree. See Magnolia macrophylla; Weeping aspen. See Populus tremula ‘Pendula’. Winter heliotrope. See Petasites fragrans.
Tassel flower. See Amaranthus caudatus; Weeping beech. See Fagus sylvatica f. pendula. Winter iris. See Iris unguicularis.
Magnolia tripetala. Weeping birch. See Betula pendula ‘Tristis’. Winter jasmine. See Jasminum nudiflorum.
Emilia. Unicorn plant. See Martynia annua. Weeping bottlebrush. See Callistemon Winter savory. See Satureja montana.
Tassel grape hyacinth. See Muscari Urn plant. See Aechmea fasciata. Winter’s bark. See Drimys winteri.
viminalis. Winterberry. See Ilex verticillata.
comosum. VW Weeping broom. See Carmichaelia stevensonii. Wintergreen. See Gaultheria procumbens;
Tassel maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum Weeping fig. See Ficus benjamina. Pyrola.
Valerian. See Centranthus. Weeping willow. See Salix babylonica. Wintersweet. See Chimonanthus.
‘Grandiceps’. Van Volxem’s maple. See Acer velutinum var. Wellingtonia. See Sequoiadendron giganteum. Wire-netting bush. See Corokia cotoneaster.
Tea tree. See Melaleuca alternifolia. Welsh poppy. See Papaver cambricum. Wishbone flower. See Torenia fournieri.
Teasel. See Dipsacus. vanvolxemii. West Himalayan birch. See Betula utilis var. Witch alder. See Fothergilla gardenii.
Tecomaria. See Tecoma. Variegated Bishop’s weed. See Aegopodium Witch hazel. See Hamamelis.
Teddy-bear vine. See Cyanotis kewensis. jacquemontii. Woad. See Isatis tinctoria.
Temple bells. See Smithiantha cinnabarina. podagraria ‘Variegatum'. West Himalayan spruce. See Picea smithiana. Wolf’s bane. See Aconitum.
Temple juniper. See Juniperus rigida. Variegated gout weed. See Aegopodium Western balsam poplar. See Populus Wollemi pine. See Wollemia nobilis.
Tenby daffodil. See Narcissus obvallaris. Wonga-wonga vine. See Pandorea pandorana.
Terebinth tree. See Pistacia terebinthus. podagraria ‘Variegatum’. trichocarpa. Wood anemone. See Anemone nemorosa.
Texan bluebell. See Eustoma grandiflorum. Variegated ground ivy. See Glechoma Western hemlock. See Tsuga heterophylla. Wood lily. See Trillium.
Thatch-leaf palm. See Howea forsteriana. Western milfoil. See Myriophyllum Wood rose. See Merremia tuberosa.
Thimbleberry. See Rubus odoratus. hederacea ‘Variegata’. Wood sorrel. See Oxalis acetosella.
Thistle. See Carlina. Variegated iris. See Iris variegata. hippuroides. Wood spurge. See Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Thorn. See Crataegus. Variegated Leyland cypress. See Western prickly Moses. See Acacia pulchella. Woodbine. See Lonicera periclymenum.
Thread agave. See Agave filifera. Western red cedar. See Thuja plicata Woodruff. See Galium odoratum.
Thread palm. See Washingtonia robusta. x Cupressocyparis leylandii ‘Harlequin’. Western yellow pine. See Pinus ponderosa. Woodrush. See Luzula.
Three birds toadflax. See Linaria Varnish tree. See Toxicodendron vernicifluum. Weymouth pine. See Pinus strobus. Woodrush, Snowy. See Luzula nivea.
Veitch fir. See Abies veitchii. Wheatley elm. See Ulmus minor ‘Sarniensis’. Woolly morning glory. See Argyreia nervosa.
triornithophora. Veitch’s heath. See Erica x veitchii. White ash. See Fraxinus americana. Woolly sunflower. See Eriophyllum.
Thrift. See Armeria maritima. Veitch’s screw pine. See Pandanus tectorius White asphodel. See Asphodelus albus. Woolly willow. See Salix lanata.
Thyme. See Thymus. White baneberry. See Actaea pachypoda. Wormwood. See Artemisia.
Ti tree. See Cordyline fruticosa. ‘Veitchii’. White cedar. See Thuja occidentalis. Wormwood cassia. See Senna
Tibetan blue poppy. See Meconopsis baileyi. Velvet plant. See Gynura aurantiaca. White Chinese birch. See Betula albosinensis. artemisioides.
Tickseed. See Coreopsis. Venetian sumach. See Cotinus coggygria. White cypress. See Chamaecyparis thyoides. Wych elm. See Ulmus glabra.
Tidy tips. See Layia platyglossa. Venus flytrap. See Dionaea muscipula. White elm. See Ulmus americana.
Tiger flower. See Tigridia pavonia. Venus’s navelwort. See Omphalodes linifolia. White evening primrose. See Oenothera XYZ
Tiger lily. See Lilium lancifolium. Vetch. See Hippocrepis.
Timber bamboo. See Phyllostachys Vine. See Vitis. speciosa. Yarrow. See Achillea millefolium
Vine maple. See Acer circinatum. White false hellebore. See Veratrum album. Yellow asphodel. See Asphodeline lutea.
bambusoides. Violet. See Viola. White fir. See Abies concolor Yellow bells. See Tecoma stans.
Tingiringi gum. See Eucalyptus glaucescens. Violet cress. See Ionopsidium acaule. White gardenia. See Gardenia thunbergia. Yellow birch. See Betula alleghaniensis.
Tipa tree. See Tipuana tipu. Violet willow. See Salix daphnoides. White gingerlily. See Hedychium coronarium. Yellow buckeye. See Aesculus flava.
Tipu tree. See Tipuana tipu. Viper’s bugloss. See Echium vulgare. White mugwort. See Artemisia lactiflora. Yellow elder. See Tecoma stans.
Toad cactus. See Orbea variegata. Virgin’s palm. See Dioon edule. White mulberry. See Morus alba. Yellow flag. See Iris pseudacorus.
Toad lily. See Tricyrtis. Virginia creeper. See Parthenocissus White mullein. See Verbascum lychnitis. Yellow flax. See Linum flavum; Reinwardtia
Toadflax. See Linaria. White paint brush. See Haemanthus albiflos.
Toadshade. See Trillium sessile. quinquefolia. White poplar. See Populus alba. indica.
Tobacco, Flowering. See Nicotiana sylvestris. Virginia cowslip. See Mertensia virginica. White rosebay. See Chamaenerion Yellow foxglove. See Digitalis grandiflora.
Tokyo cherry. See Prunus x yedoensis. Virginian pokeweed. See Phytolacca Yellow fritillary. See Fritillaria pudica.
Toothwort. See Lathraea clandestina. angustifolium ’Album’. Yellow gentian. See Gentiana lutea.
Torch cactus. See Echinopsis spachiana. americana. White sails. See Spathiphyllum wallisii. Yellow jasmine. See Jasminum humile.
Torch lily. See Kniphofia. Virginian stock. See Malcolmia maritima. White Sally. See Eucalyptus pauciflora. Yellow kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos
Toyon. See Heteromeles salicifolia. Virginian witch hazel. See Hamamelis White silk cotton tree. See Ceiba pentandra.
Trailing arbutus. See Epigaea repens. White snakeroot. See Eupatorium rugosum. flavidus.
Trailing azalea. See Kalmia procumbens. virginiana. White spruce. See Picea glauca Yellow lady’s slipper orchid. See
Trailing fuchsia. See Fuchsia procumbens. Voodoo lily. See Sauromatum venosum. White trumpet lily. See Lilium longiflorum.
Trailing velvet plant. See Ruellia makoyana. Voss’s laburnum. See Laburnum x watereri White willow. See Salix alba Cypripedium calceolus.
Transvaal daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii. Whitebeam. See Sorbus aria. Yellow mariposa. See Calochortus luteus.
Traveller’s joy. See Clematis. ‘Vossii’. Whiteywood. See Melicytus ramiflorus. Yellow monkey flower. See Mimulus luteus.
Traveller’s tree. See Ravenala Wake-robin. See Trillium grandiflorum; Whitlow-wort. See Paronychia. Yellow morning glory. See Merremia
Whorled heath. See Erica manipuliflora.
madagascariensis. Trillium sessile. Whorled Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum tuberosa.
Tree cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster frigidus. Wall flag. See Iris tectorum. Yellow oleander. See Thevetia peruviana.
Tree fern. See Cyathea. Wall-spray. See Cotoneaster horizontalis. verticillatum. Yellow ox-eye. See Buphthalmum salicifolium.
Tree germander. See Teucrium fruticans. Wallflower. See Erysimum cheiri. Whortleberry. See Vaccinium myrtillus. Yellow palm. See Dypsis lutescens.
Tree heath. See Erica arborea. Wallich’s wood fern. See Dryopteris Widow iris. See Iris tuberosus. Yellow parilla. See Menispermum canadense.
Tree ivy. See x Fatshedera lizei. Wild buckwheat. See Eriogonum. Yellow pitcher plant. See Sarracenia flava.
Tree lupin. See Lupinus arboreus. wallichiana. Wild cherry. See Prunus avium. Yellow pond lily. See Nuphar advena.
Tree mallow. See Lavatera. Walnut. See Juglans. Wild coffee. See Polyscias guilfoylei. Yellow rocket. See Barbarea vulgaris.
Tree of heaven. See Ailanthus altissima. Wandering Jew. See Tradescantia fluminensis. Wild daffodil. See Narcissus Yellow scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea.
Tree peony. See Paeonia potaninii. Wandflower. See Dierama; Galax. Yellow skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton
Tree poppy. See Romneya. Wapato. See Sagitarria latifolia. pseudonarcissus.
Tree purslane. See Atriplex halimus. Waratah. See Telopea speciosissima. Wild ginger. See Asarum. americanus.
Tree tomato. See Solanum betaceum. Warminster broom. See Cytisus x praecox Wild iris. See Iris versicolor. Yellow turkscap lily. See Lilium pyrenaicum.
Trident maple. See Acer buergerianum. Wild Irishman. See Discaria toumatou. Yellow water lily. See Nuphar lutea.
Trigger plant. See Stylidium graminifolium. ‘Warminster’. Wild jonquil. See Narcissus jonquilla. Yellow whitlow grass. See Draba aizoides.
Trinity flower. See Trillium. Washington. See Crataegus phaenopyrum. Wild lily-of-the-valley. See Pyrola rotundifolia. Yellow wood. See Cladrastis kentukea.
Tropical almond. See Terminalia catappa. Washington thorn. See Crataegus Wild marjoram. See Origanum vulgare. Yellow-root. See Xanthorhiza simplicissima.
Trout lily. See Erythronium. Wild pansy. See Viola tricolor. Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow. See
Trumpet creeper. See Campsis. phaenopyrum. Wild pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus.
Trumpet flower. See Bignonia capreolata. Water chestnut. See Trapa natans. Wild rum cherry. See Prunus serotina. Brunfelsia pauciflora.
Trumpet gentian. See Gentiana acaulis; Water crowfoot. See Ranunculus aquatilis. Wild sweet William. See Phlox divaricata. Yew. See Taxus baccata.
Water fern. See Ceratopteris thalictroides. Wild yellow lily. See Lilium canadense. Young’s weeping birch. See Betula pendula
Gentiana clusii. Water forget-me-not. See Myosotis Williams’s heath. See Erica x williamsii.
Trumpet tree, Golden. See Tabebuia Willow. See Salix. ‘Youngii’.
scorpioides. Willow bottlebrush. See Ceiba pentandra. Youth-on-age. See Tolmiea menziesii.
chrysotricha. Water fringe. See Nymphoides peltata. Willow gentian. See Gentiana asclepiadea. Yulan. See Magnolia denudata.
Trumpet tree, Pink. See Tabebuia rosea. Water hawthorn. See Aponogeton distachyos. Willow herb. See Epilobium. Zebra grass. See Miscanthus sinensis
Trumpet vine. See Campsis. Water lettuce. See Pistia stratiotes. Willow myrtle. See Agonis.
Trumpet, Golden. See Allamanda cathartica. Water lily. See Nymphaea. Willow oak. See Quercus phellos. ‘Zebrinus’.
Trumpet, Herald’s. See Beaumontia Water lily tulip. See Tulipa kaufmanniana. Willow-leaf bay. See Laurus nobilis f. Zebra plant. See Aphelandra squarrosa;
Water oak. See Quercus nigra.
grandiflora. Water poppy. See Hydrocleys nymphoides. angustifolia. Goeppertia zebrina.
Trumpets. See Sarracenia flava. Water soldier. See Stratiotes aloides. Willow-leaved jessamine. See Cestrum Zigzag bamboo. See Phyllostachys
Tuberose. See Polianthes tuberosa. Water vine. See Cissus hypoglauca.
Tufted hairgrass. See Deschampsia cespitosa. Water violet. See Hottonia palustris. parqui. flexuosa.
Tulip. See Tulipa. Water wisteria. See Hygrophila difformis.
Watermelon plant. See Peperomia argyreia.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS Terms printed in italics refer to other and scalelike in appearance; they are Corymb. A racemose flower cluster Fan palm. A palm with palmate rather
glossary entries. often large and brightly colored. in which the inner flower stalks are shorter than pinnate leaves.
738 than the outer, resulting in a rounded or
Acidic [of soil]. With a pH value of less Bud. A rudimentary or condensed shoot flat-topped head. Farina. A powdery, white, sometimes
than 7; see also alkaline and neutral. containing embryonic leaves or flowers. yellowish deposit naturally occurring on
Cotyledon. See seed leaf. some leaves and flowers.
Adventitious [of roots]. Arising directly Bulb. A storage organ consisting mainly
from a stem or leaf. of fleshy scales and swollen, modified leaf- Creeper. A plant that grows close to the Fibrous root. A fine, young root, usually
bases on a much reduced stem. Bulbs ground, usually rooting as it spreads. one of many.
Aerial root. See root. usually, but not always, grow underground.
Crisped. Minutely wavy-edged. Filament. The stalk of an anther.
Air-layering. A method of propagation Bulbil. A small, bulb-like organ, often
by which a portion of stem is induced to borne in a leaf axil, occasionally in a flower Crown. 1. The part of the plant at or just Floret. A single flower in a head of many
root by enclosing it in a suitable medium, head; it may be used for propagation. below the soil surface from which new flowers.
such as damp moss, and securing it with shoots are produced and to which they die
plastic sheeting; roots will form if the moss Bulblet. A small bulb produced at the base back in fall. 2. The upper, branched part of Flower. The basic flower forms are:
is kept moist. of a mature one. a tree above the bole. 3. A corona. single, with one row of usually 4–6 petals;
semidouble, with more petals, usually
Alkaline [of soil]. With a pH value of Bur. 1. A prickly or spiny fruit, or Culm. The usually hollow stem of a grass in 2 rows; double, with many petals in
more than 7; some plants will not tolerate aggregate of fruits. 2. A woody outgrowth or bamboo. several rows and few or no stamens;
alkaline soils and must be grown in neutral on the stems of certain trees. fully double, usually rounded in shape,
or acidic soil. Cutting. A section of a plant that is with densely packed petals and the
Cactus (pl. cacti). A member of the family removed and used for propagation. stamens absent or obscured.
Alpine house. An unheated greenhouse, Cactaceae, often succulent and spiny. The various types of cutting are: basal—
used for the cultivation of mainly alpine taken from the base of a plant (usually Flower head. A mass of small flowers or
and bulbous plants, that provides greater Calyx (pl. calyces). The outer part of herbaceous) as it begins to produce growth florets that together appear as one flower,
ventilation and usually more light than a a flower, usually small and green but in spring; greenwood—made from the tip e.g. a daisy.
conventional greenhouse. sometimes showy and brightly colored, of young growth; hardwood—mature
that encloses the petals in bud and is wood taken at the end of the growing Force. To induce artificially the early
Alternate [of leaves]. Borne singly formed from the sepals. season; leaf—a detached leaf or part of a production of growth, flowers or fruits.
at each node, on either side of a stem. leaf; root—part of a semimature or mature
Capsule. A dry fruit that splits open when root; semiripe—half-ripened wood taken Frond. The leaflike organ of a fern. Some
Annual. A plant that completes its life ripe to release its seeds. during the growing season; softwood— ferns produce both barren and fertile
cycle, from germination through to young growth taken at the beginning of fronds, the fertile fronds bearing spores.
flowering and seeding and then death, Carpel. The female portion of a flower, or the growing season; stem—a greenwood,
in one growing season. part of it, consisting of an ovary, stigma, hardwood, semiripe or softwood cutting; Fruit. The structure in plants that bears
and style. tip—a greenwood cutting. one or more ripe seeds, e.g. a berry or nut.
Anther. The part of a stamen that produces
pollen; it is usually borne on a filament. Catkin. A flower cluster, normally Cyme. A flower cluster in which each Glabrous. Not hairy.
pendulous. Flowers lack petals, are often growing point terminates in a flower.
Apex. The tip or growing point of an stalkless, surrounded by scalelike bracts, Glaucous. Bluish-white, bluish-green or
organ such as a leaf or shoot. and are usually unisexual. Deadhead. To remove spent flower bluish-gray.
heads so as to promote further growth
Areole. A modified, cushionlike Caudex (pl. caudices). The stem base of a or flowering, prevent seeding, or Globose. Spherical.
tubercle, peculiar to the family Cactaceae, woody plant such as a palm or tree fern. improve appearance.
that bears hairs, spines, leaves, side- Glochid. One of the barbed bristles or
branches or flowers. Cladode. A stem, often flattened, with the Deciduous. Losing its leaves annually at hairs borne on a cactus areole.
function and appearance of a leaf. the end of the growing season; semi-
Asclepiad. A member of the family deciduous plants lose only some leaves. Grafting. A method of propagation by
Asclepiadaceae, e.g. Asclepias, Hoya, Claw. The narrow, basal portion of petals which an artificial union is made between
Stephanotis. in some genera, e.g. Dianthus. Decumbent. Growing close to the ground different parts of individual plants; usually
but ascending at the tips. the shoot (scion) of one is grafted onto the
Auricle. An earlike lobe such as is Climber. A plant that climbs using other rootstock (stock) of another.
sometimes found at the base of a leaf. plants or objects as a support: a leaf-stalk Dentate. With toothed margins.
climber by coiling its leaf stalks around Heel. The small portion of old wood that is
Awn. A stiff, bristlelike projection supports; a root climber by producing Die-back. Death of the tips of shoots due retained at the base of a cutting when it is
commonly found on grass seeds aerial, supporting roots; a self-clinging to frost or disease. removed from the stem.
and spikelets. climber by means of suckering pads; a
tendril climber by coiling its tendrils; Dioecious. Bearing male and female Herbaceous. Dying down at the end
Axil. The angle between a leaf and stem a twining climber by coiling stems. flowers on separate plants. of the growing season.
where an axillary bud develops. Scandent, scrambling, and trailing
climbers produce long stems that grow Disbud. To remove surplus buds to Hose-in-hose [of flowers]. With one
Bedding plant. A plant that is mass- over plants or other supports; they attach promote larger flowers or fruits. corolla borne inside another, forming
planted to provide a temporary display. themselves only loosely, if at all. a double or semidouble flower.
Disk floret, disk flower. A small and often
Biennial. A plant that flowers, seeds, Clone. A group of genetically identical inconspicuous, usually tubular flower, one Imbricated. Overlapping, like roof tiles.
and dies in the second season after plants, propagated vegetatively. of many that comprise the central portion
germination, producing only stems, of a composite flower head such as a daisy. Inflorescence. A cluster of flowers with a
roots, and leaves in the first season. Compound. Made up of several or distinct arrangement, e.g. corymb, cyme,
many parts, e.g. a leaf divided into Division. A method of propagation by panicle, raceme, spike, umbel.
Blade. The flattened and often broad 2 or more leaflets. which a clump is divided into several parts
part of a leaf. during dormancy. Insectivorous plant. A plant that traps
Cone. The clustered flowers or woody, and digests insects and other small
Bloom. 1. A flower or blossom. seed-bearing structures of a conifer. Elliptic [of leaves]. Broadening in the animals to supplement its nutrient intake.
2. A fine, waxy, whitish or bluish-white center and narrowing toward each end.
coating on stems, leaves or fruits. Coppice. To cut back to near ground level Key. A winged seed like those produced
each year in order to produce vigorous, Entire [of leaves]. With untoothed margins. by the sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus).
Bog garden. An area where the soil ornamental shoots, as is usual with some
is kept permanently damp but not Cornus and Eucalyptus. Epiphyte. A plant that grows on the Lateral. A side growth that arises from
waterlogged. surface of another without being parasitic. the side of a shoot or root.
Cordon. A trained plant restricted in
Bole. The trunk of a tree from ground growth to one main stem, occasionally Evergreen. Retaining its leaves at the end Layering. A method of propagation
level to the first major branch. 2–4 stems. of the growing season, although losing by which a stem is induced to root by
some older leaves regularly throughout the being pegged down into the soil while
Bolt. To produce flowers and seed Corm. A bulb-like, underground storage year; semievergreen plants retain only it is still attached to the parent plant.
prematurely, particularly in the case of organ consisting mainly of a swollen some leaves or lose older leaves only when See also air-layering.
vegetables such as lettuce and beetroot. stem base and often surrounded by a the new growth is produced.
papery tunic. Leaflet. A subdivision of a compound leaf.
Bonsai. A method of producing dwarf F1 hybrid. The first generation derived
trees or shrubs by special techniques that Cormlet. A small corm arising at the base from crossing 2 distinct plants, usually Lenticel. A small, usually corky area on
include pruning roots, pinching out shoots, of a mature one. when the parents are purebred lines and a stem or other part of a plant, which acts
removing growth buds, and training the offspring are vigorous. Seed from F1 as a breathing pore.
branches and stems. Corolla. The part of a flower formed by hybrids does not come true to type.
the petals. Lime. Compounds of calcium; the amount
Bract. A modified leaf at the base of Fall. An outer perianth segment of an iris, of lime in soil determines whether it is
a flower or flower cluster. Bracts may Corona (crown). A petallike outgrowth which projects outward or downward from alkaline, neutral, or acidic.
resemble normal leaves or be reduced sometimes borne on the corolla, e.g. the the inner segments.
trumpet or cup of a Narcissus. Linear [of leaves]. Very narrow with
parallel sides.
Lip. A lobe comprising 2 or more flat or
sometimes pouched perianth segments.
Loam. Well-structured, fertile soil that is families, e.g. Liliaceae, the perianth Seed leaf (cotyledon). The first leaf, pair Stigma. The part of the female portion of GLOSSARY OF TERMS
moisture-retentive but free-draining. segments are petallike and referred to of leaves or occasionally group of leaves the flower, borne at the tip of the style, that
horticulturally as petals. produced by a seed as it germinates. In receives pollen. 739
Marginal water plant. A plant that some plants they remain below ground.
grows partially submerged in shallow Petaloid. Like a petal. Stipule. A small scale, or leaflike
water or in moist soil at the edge of a pond. Self-seed. To produce seedlings around appendage, usually one of a pair, mostly
Petiole. The stalk of a leaf. the parent plant. borne at a node or below a leaf stalk.
Midrib. The main, central vein of a leaf or
the central stalk to which the leaflets of a pH. The scale by which the acidity or Sepal. Part of a calyx, usually insignificant Stock. See rootstock.
pinnate leaf are attached. alkalinity of soil is measured. See also but sometimes showy.
acidic, alkaline, neutral. Stolon. A horizontally spreading or
Monocarpic. Flowering and fruiting only Series. The name applied to a group of arching stem, usually above ground, which
once before dying; such plants may take Phyllode. A flattened leaf stalk, which similar but not identical plants, usually roots at its tip to produce a new plant.
several years to reach flowering size. functions as and resembles a leaf. annuals, linked by common features.
Stop. To remove certain growing points of
Mulch. A layer of organic matter applied Pinch out. To remove the growing tips Sessile. Without a stalk. a plant so as to control growth or the size
to the soil over or around a plant to of a plant to induce the production of and number of flowers.
conserve moisture, protect the roots side-shoots. Sheath. A cylindrical structure that
from frost, reduce the growth of weeds, surrounds or encircles, partially or fully, Stratify. To break the dormancy of some
and enrich the soil. Pinna (pl. pinnae). The primary division another plant organ such as a stem. seeds by exposing them to a period of cold.
of a pinnate leaf. The fertile pinnae of ferns
Naturalize. To establish and grow as if produce spores, vegetative pinnae do not. Shoot. The aerial part of a plant which Style. The part of the flower on which the
in the wild. bears leaves. A side-shoot arises from the stigma is borne.
Pinnate [of leaves]. Compound, with side of a main shoot.
Nectar. A sweet, sugary liquid secreted leaflets arranged on opposite sides of Subglobose. Almost spherical.
by the nectary—glandular tissue usually a central stalk. Shrub. A plant with woody stems, usually
found in the flower but sometimes found well-branched from or near the base. Subshrub. A plant that is woody at the
on the leaves or stems. Pistil. The female part of a flower base although the terminal shoots die back
comprising the ovary, stigma and style. Shy-flowering. Reluctant to flower; in winter.
Neutral [of soil]. With a pH value of 7, producing few flowers.
the point at which soil is neither acidic Pollard [of a tree]. To cut back to its main Succulent. A plant with thick, fleshy leaves
nor alkaline. branches in order to restrict growth. Simple [of leaves]. Not divided into leaflets. and/or stems; in this book, it is evergreen
unless otherwise stated.
Node. The point on a stem from which a Pollination. The transfer of pollen from Soft-stemmed. The opposite of woody-
leaf or leaves arise. the anthers to the stigma of the same or stemmed. Sucker. A shoot that arises from below
different flowers, resulting in fertilization ground level, directly from the root or
Obovate [of leaves]. Egg-shaped in outline, of the embryonic seeds in the ovary. Spadix (pl. spadices). A spikelike flower rootstock.
but broadest above the middle; length is cluster that is usually fleshy and bears many
1.5–2 times the width. Procumbent. Prostrate, creeping along small flowers. Spadices are characteristic Summer-deciduous. Losing its leaves
the ground. of the family Araceae, e.g. Arum. naturally in summer.
Offset. A small plant that arises by natural
vegetative reproduction, usually at the Raceme. An unbranched flower cluster Spathe. A large bract, or sometimes 2, Taproot. The main, downward-growing
base of the mother plant. with several or many stalked flowers borne frequently colored and showy, that root of a plant; it is also applied generally
singly along a main axis, the youngest at surrounds a spadix (as in Arum) or an to any strong, downward-growing root.
Opposite [of leaves]. Borne 2 to each node, the apex. individual flower bud (as in Narcissus).
one opposite the other. Tendril. A threadlike structure, used to
Ray floret, ray flower. One of the flowers, Sphagnum. Mosses common to bogs; provide support; see also climber.
Ovary. The part of the female portion of usually with strap-shaped petals, that their moisture-retentive character makes
the flower, containing embryonic seeds, together form the outer ring of flowers in them ideal components of some growing Tooth. A small, marginal, often pointed
that will eventually form the fruit. a composite flower head such as a daisy. media. They are used particularly for lobe on a leaf, calyx or corolla.
orchid cultivation.
Ovate [of leaves]. Egg-shaped in outline, Ray petal. The petal or fused petals, often Tepal. See perianth segment.
but with a tapering point and broadest showy, of a ray floret. Spike. A racemose flower cluster with
below the middle; length is usually 1.5 several or many unstalked flowers borne Tree. A woody plant usually having a
times the width. Recurved. Curved backward. along a common axis. well-defined trunk or stem with a head
of branches above.
Palm. An evergreen tree or shrublike Reflexed. Bent sharply backward. Spikelet. 1. The flowering unit of grasses
plant, normally single-stemmed, with comprising one or several flowers with Trifoliate. With 3 leaves; loosely, with
palmate or pinnate leaves usually in Remontant. Flowering more than once in basal bracts. 2. A small spike, part of a 3 leaflets; trifoliolate, with 3 leaflets.
terminal rosettes; strictly a member each season. branched flower cluster.
of the family Palmae. True [of seedlings]. Retaining the
Revert. To return to its original state, as Spore. The minute reproductive structure distinctive characteristics of the parent
Palmate. Lobed in the fashion of a hand, when a plain green leaf is produced on a of flowerless plants, e.g. ferns, fungi, when raised from seed.
with 5 lobes arising from the same point. variegated plant. and mosses.
Truss. A compact cluster of flowers,
Pan. A shallow, free-draining pot in which Rhizome. An underground, creeping Sporangium (pl. sporangia). A body that often large and showy, e.g. those of
alpine plants or bulbs are grown. stem that acts as a storage organ and bears produces spores. pelargoniums and rhododendrons.
leafy shoots.
Panicle. A branched raceme. Sport. A mutation, caused by an accidental Tuber. A thickened, usually underground,
Root. The part of a plant, normally or induced change in the genetic make-up storage organ derived from a stem or root.
Papilla (pl. papillae). A minute underground, that functions as anchorage of a plant, which gives rise to a shoot with
protuberance or glandlike structure. and through which water and nutrients are different characteristics to those of the Tubercle. A small, rounded protuberance;
absorbed. An aerial root emerges from the parent plant. see also areole.
Pealike [of flowers]. Of the same stem at some distance above the soil level.
structure as a pea flower. Spur. 1. A hollow projection from a petal, Turion. 1. A bud on a rhizome. 2. A fleshy,
Rootball. The roots and accompanying soil often producing nectar. 2. A short stem overwintering bud found on certain
Peat bed. A specially constructed area, or compost visible when a plant is lifted. bearing a group of flower buds such as is water plants.
edged with peat blocks and containing found on fruit trees.
moisture-retentive, acidic, peaty soil. Rootstock. A well-rooted plant onto Umbel. A usually flat-topped or rounded
which a scion is grafted; see grafting. Spur back. To cut back side-shoots to flower cluster in which the individual
Pedicel. The stalk of an individual flower. within 2 or 3 buds of the main shoot. flower stalks arise from a central point.
Rosette. A group of leaves radiating In a compound umbel each primary stalk
Peduncle. The stalk of a flower cluster. from approximately the same point, often Stamen. The anther and filament. ends in an umbel.
borne at ground level at the base of a very
Peltate [of leaves]. Shield-shaped, with the short stem. Standard. 1. A tree or shrub with a Upright [of habit]. With vertical or semi-
stalk inserted toward or at the center of the clear length of bare stem below the first vertical main branches.
blade and not at the margin. Runner. A horizontally spreading, usually branches. Certain shrubs, e.g. roses and
slender stem that forms roots at each node; fuchsias, may be trained to form standards. Water bud. See turion.
Perennial. Living for at least 3 seasons. often confused with stolon. 2. One of the 3 inner and often erect
In this book the term when used as a perianth segments of the iris flower. Whorl. The arrangement of 3 or more
noun, and unless qualified, denotes an Scale. 1. A reduced or modified leaf. 2. Part 3. The larger, usually upright back petal organs arising from the same point.
herbaceous perennial. A woody-based of a conifer cone. of a flower in the family Leguminosae,
perennial dies down only partially, leaving e.g. Lathyrus. Winged [of seeds or fruits]. Having a
a woody stem at the base. Scandent. See climber. marginal flange or membrane.
Stapeliad. A member of the genus Stapelia
Perianth. The outer parts of the flower Scarify. To scar the coat of a seed by and closely related genera of the family Woody-stemmed. With a stem composed
comprising the calyx and the corolla. The abrasion in order to speed water intake and Asclepiadaceae. of woody fibers and therefore persistent, as
term is often used when the calyx and hence germination. opposed to soft-stemmed and herbaceous.
the corolla are very similar in form. Stem segment. A portion of a jointed
Scion. See grafting. stem between 2 nodes, most frequently A semiwoody stem contains some softer
Perianth segment. One portion of occurring in cacti. tissue and may be only partially persistent.
the perianth, resembling a petal and Scree. An area composed of a deep layer of
sometimes known as a tepal. stone chippings mixed with a small amount Sterile. Infertile, not bearing spores, x The sign used to denote a hybrid plant
of loam. It provides very sharp drainage for pollen, seeds etc.
Petal. One portion of the often showy plants that resent moisture at their base. derived from the crossing of 2 or more
and colored part of the corolla. In some botanically distinct plants.
Seedhead. Any usually dry fruit that
contains ripe seeds. + The sign used to denote a graft hybrid;
see grafting.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to Charles Quest-Ritson blickwinkel: Celtis australis. Getty: DEA/D. Image: Koelreuteria paniculata. Garden World Collection Pepineiere Stervinou: Camellia
for his pictures of roses; Andrew Mikolajski Dagli Orti: Juglans regia. 63 GAP Photos: Images: Paraserianthes lophantha. 90 Alamy: japonica ‘Nobilissima’; John Martin: C. japonica
740 and Julian Shaw for additional help and Martin Hughes-Jones: Tilia platyphyllos imagebroker: Acer palmatum ‘Osakazuki’. ‘Alba Plena’. Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: C.
support throughout the preparation of this ‘Rubra’. Garden World Images: W E Procter: Dorling Kindersley: RHS Wisley: Rhus x ‘Cornish Snow’. GAP Photos: S & O: C. x
edition; and John Tullock for his editorial Platanus orientalis. 64 Alamy: blickwinkel: pulvinata ‘Red Autumn Lace’; Rhus typhina williamsii ‘Jury’s Yellow’. 121 GAP Photos:
consulting on this US edition. Fagus sylvatica ‘Aspleniifolia’. Photoshot: RADIENCE (‘Sinrus’). 91 Alamy: blickwinkel: Fiona Lea: Camellia japonica ‘Hagoromo’. Alamy:
The publisher would like to thank the Michael Warren: Tilia ‘Petiolaris’. Science Sorbus intermedia. GAP Photos: Howard Rice: blickwinkel/Jagel: C. ‘Spring Festival’; John
following for their kind permission to Photo Library (SPL): Vaughan Fleming: Sorbus thibetica ‘John Mitchell’. Photoshot: Glover: C. japonica ‘Lavinia Maggi’. GAP
reproduce their photographs. Illustrations Quercus frainetto. 65 Garden World Images: Photos Horticultural: Sorbus megalocarpa. Photos: Richard Bloom: C. ‘Inspiration’; Geoff
elsewhere in the book use the key: Pterocarya x rehderiana. Science Photo Library Science Photo Library (SPL): Malcolm Kidd: C. japonica ‘Brushfield’s Yellow’; Howard
a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; (SPL): Bob Gibbons: Quercus coccinea. Richards: Sorbus forrestii. 92 Garden World Rice: C.japonica ‘Tricolor’; J S Sira: C. japonica
r-right; t-top. 66 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Acer Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Acer laxiflorum. ‘Bob’s Tinsie’. Garden World Images: G.
Every effort has been made to trace the rubrum. GAP Photos: Heather Edwards: 93 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Delacroix: C. reticulata ‘Captain Rawes’; MAP/A
copyright holders. Dorling Kindersley Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Martin Hughes-Jones: Pittosporum eugenioides ‘Variegatum’. Garden Descat/Collection Pepineiere Stervinou: C. ‘Black
apologizes for unintentional omissions, and Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’. Garden World World Images: Arbutus unedo. 94 Alamy: Lace’, C.‘Freedom Bell’. Photolibrary: Clive
would be pleased, if any such case should arise, Images: MAP/Frédéric Didillon: Quercus Martin Hughes-Jones: Ilex aquifolium ‘Madame Nichols /GPL: C.x williamsii ‘Debbie’. 122
to add an appropriate acknowledgment in palustris. 67 Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Prunus avium. Briot’, Ilex x altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’; Garden World Images: Rhododendron ‘Percy
future editions. 68 Alamy: John Glover: Quercus x turneri. Plantography: Ilex x altaclerensis ‘Camelliifolia Wiseman’; MAP/Nicole et Patrick Mioulane:
Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/ Variegata’; The Garden Picture Library: Ilex Choisya x dewitteana ‘Aztec Pearl’. 123 Alamy:
2 Dorling Kindersley: Brian North/RHS Lullingstone Castle, Kent : Eucalyptus johnstonii. aquifolium ‘Bacciflava’, Ilex x altaclerensis ‘Golden Auscape International Pty Ltd: Telopea truncata;
Hampton Court Flower Show 2012. 4 Dorling 69 Alamy: John Glover: Salix daphnoides; King’. Garden World Images: Floramedia: Ilex John Glover: Prunus mume ‘Beni-chidori’. GAP
Kindersley: Brian North/RHS Hampton Court Martin Hughes-Jones: Malus hupehensis. Frank aquifolium ‘Silver Queen’; M Hughes-Jones: Ilex Photos: S & O: Ribes sanguineum ‘Pulborough
Flower Show 2010. 6 Corbis: Radius Images. Lane Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith Rushforth: aquifolium; MAP/Arnaud Descat: Ilex pernyi. Scarlet’. Garden World Images: Leptospermum
12-13 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom/Design: Nothofagus menziesii. Science Photo Library Photolibrary: Carole Drake: Ilex crenata scoparium ‘Red Damask’. 124 Dorling
Adrian Bloom. 13 GAP Photos: Jerry Harpur/ (SPL): John Stiles: Nothofagus betuloides. ‘Convexa.’ 95 Alamy: Arco Images GmbH: Abies Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley:
Design: Andy Sturgeon, RHS Chelsea Flower 70 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS procera. 96 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Wollemia Rhododendron rex subsp.fictolacteum. GAP
Show 2006 (tl). Clive Nichols: Pettifers Garden, Wisley: Magnolia ‘Spectrum’; M. ‘Susan’. Alamy: nobilis. Garden World Images: Chamaecyparis Photos: Dave Bevan: R. sinogrande. Garden
Oxfordshire (ftr). 15 Clive Nichols: Lady Farm, fotoFlora: M. campbellii subsp. mollicomata; lawsoniana ‘Intertexta’. Photolibrary: Leonie World Images: M Hughes-Jones: R. ‘Gomer
Somerset: Designer, Judy Pearce (t). Andrea Jones: M.x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’. Lambert: Cedrus deodara. 98 Getty: Tim Gainey: Waterer’, R. quinquefolium; MAP/Nathalie
Photolibrary: Friedrich Strauss (b). 16 GAP The Garden Picture Library: M. grandiflora Araucaria araucana. 99 GAP Photos: Adrian Pasquel: R. ‘Golden Torch’. Photolibrary:
Photos: Marcus Harpur (t). Getty Images: John ‘Exmouth’. Corbis: Mark Bolton: M. liliiflora Bloom, location: David Wards Garden, Leeds, Georgianna Lane: R. decorum; Brigitte Thomas:
Glover (bc). Clive Nichols: Designer: Dominic ‘Nigra’; Clive Nichols: M. ‘Galaxy’. Garden Yorkshire: Picea engelmannii. Garden World R. williamsianum. Photoshot: Michael Warren:
Skinner (bl). 17 Dorling Kindersley: Peter World Images: Adrian James: M.‘Butterflies’; Images: Taxodium distichum. Photoshot: Tsuga R. decorum. Royal Horticultural Society
Anderson /The Brand Alley Garden designed J Lilly: M. wilsonii. Getty: Richard Bloom: M. mertensiana ‘Glauca’. Savill Gardens: Picea (RHS): Carol Sheppard: R. pachysanthum. 125
by Paul Hervey-Brookes/ RHS Chelsea Flower ‘Black Tulip’. Photolibrary: J S Sira: M. x glauca ‘Coerulea’. 100 Alamy: kpzfoto: Juniperus Alamy: Brian Hoffman: R. arboreum; Holmes
Show 2013 (t); Marianne Majerus/RHS Hyde loebneri ‘Leonard Messel’, M. x soulangeana chinensis ‘Keteleeri’. GAP Photos: FhF Garden Photos: R. praecox. GAP Photos:
Hall Garden (br). 18 Clive Nichols: Design: ‘Rustica Rubra’. 71 Marianne Majerus Garden Greenmedia: Picea likiangensis. Richard Bloom: R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’; FhF
Ivan Tucker (b). Photolibrary: Ellen Rooney (t). Images: Marianne Majerus: Halesia tetraptera 102 Photolibrary: Taxus baccata ‘Lutea’; Fritz Greenmedia: R. cinnabarinum; Neil Holmes: R.
19 Photolibrary: Allan Mandell (tl). 20 Dorling Monticola Group; Dorling Kindersley: Mark Polking: Pinus contorta; Howard Rice: Taxus ‘Blue Danube’. Garden World Images: G
Kindersley: Brian North/Waterperry Gardens Winwood/RHS Wisley: Prunus incisa f. yamadei. baccata ‘Lutea’. 103 Garden World Images: Delacroix: R. ‘Blaauw’s Pink’’; M Hughes-Jones:
(t). Marianne Majerus Garden Images: 72 Garden World Images: Paul Lane: Juniperus chinensis ‘Obelisk’. Science Photo R. ‘Daviesii’, R.fulvum; Christopher Lavis-Jones:
Marianne Majerus/Hermannshof, Weinheim, Paulownia tomentosa; John Martin: Quercus Library (SPL): Chris Hellier: Juniperus chinensis R. ‘Patty Bee’. Photolibrary: Georgianna Lane:
Germany/Cassian Schmidt (b). 21 GAP rubra ‘Aurea’. The Garden Collection: Derek ‘Robust Green’. 104 Alamy: Martin Hughes- R. ‘Hotei’. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS):
Photos: Elke Borkowski (cra); Martin Hughes- Harris: Aesculus x neglecta ‘Erythroblastos’. Jones: Pinus sylvestris ‘Aurea’. Frank Lane Rebecca Ross: R. ‘Gibraltar’. 126 Alamy: Holmes
Jones (br). Marianne Majerus Garden 73 Alamy: CuboImages srl: Quercus cerris Picture Agency (FLPA): R P Lawrence: Taxus Garden Photos: Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’; J
Images: Andrew Lawson/Piet Oudolf/Bury ‘Argenteovariegata’. Frank Lane Picture cuspidata. Garden World Images: Pinus pinea. Need: C. ‘White Gold’; Plantography: C. alba
Court, Hants (bl). GAP Photos: Designer: Agency (FLPA): Keith Rushforth: Toona Photolibrary: Ron Evans: Chamaecyparis ‘Elegantissima’. GAP Photos: J S Sira: Corylopsis
Marcus Barnett and Philip Nixon; Location: sinensis. Photolibrary: J S Sira: Catalpa bungei. obtusa ‘Crippsii’. 105 Dorling Kindersley: Mark pauciflora; Jo Whitworth: Garden World
The Summer Garden, Bressingham Gardens, 74 Alamy: blickwinkel: Acer negundo Winwood/RHS Wisley: Picea pungens ‘Globosa’; Images: T Sims: Cornus alba ‘Aurea’, Cornus
Norfolk, UK (br). Clive Nichols: Pettifers ‘Variegatum’. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Carpet.’ GAP Photos: sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’. Dorling
Garden, Oxfordshire (cr); Winkworth Kalopanax septemlobus. 75 Frank Lane Picture Adrian Bloom: Abies concolor ‘Compacta’, Pinus Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: C.
Arboretum, Surrey (tr). 23 Clive Nichols: (tr, cr, Agency (FLPA): Keith Rushforth: Phellodendron heldreichii ‘Smidtii’; J S Sira/Design: Collin sanguinea ‘Anny’s Winter Orange’; Edgeworthia
crb, br). 24 GAP Photos: Matt Anker (tl); chinense, Quercus marilandica. GardenPhotos. Elliott: Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘Old Gold’. Garden chrysantha. 127 Garden World Images:
Jonathan Buckley, Design:Carol and Malcolm com: judywhite: Quercus ithaburensis subsp. World Images: Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Deutzia scabra, Kerria japonica ‘Pleniflora’, Lindera
Skinner (br). Marianne Majerus Garden macrolepis. Science Photo Library (SPL): John Gracilis’, Thuja plicata ‘Stoneham Gold’, benzoin; Liz Cole: Deutzia scabra. Photolibrary:
Images: Marianne Majerus (clb). Clive Nichols: Stiles: Emmenopterys henryi. 76 Frank Lane Platycladus orientalis ‘Aurea Nana’; R Coates: Mel Watson: Philadelphus ‘Beauclerk’.
(cl, bl). 25 GAP Photos: (br); Friedrich Strauss Picture Agency (FLPA): David Hosking: Juniperus squamata ‘Holger’; MAP/Nathalie 128 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS
(bc). Marianne Majerus Garden Images (bl). Oxydendrum arboreum. Garden World Pasquel: Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Gracilis’, Wisley: Philadelphus ‘Sybille.’ 130 Garden
32 GAP Photos: S & O. 34 Alamy Images: Images: John Swithinbank: Acer henryi. Platycladus orientalis ‘Aurea Nana’. 106-107 GAP World Images: Trevor Sims: Colletia hystrix.
Arco Images GmbH (c). GAP Photos: John 77 Alamy: Andrea Jones: Acer capillipes. Photos: Richard Bloom. 107 GAP Photos: P-Pod: Tim Argles: Olearia ilicifolia. Photoshot:
Glover (bl). 35 GAP Photos: Dave Zubraski 78 Alamy: Mark Boulton: Quercus suber; John Sharon Pearson (ftl). Clive Nichols: (tl) (ftr) (tr). Photos Horticultural: Zenobia pulverulenta.
(br). 36 Alamy Images: Florapix (br). 37 GAP Glover: Acer pensylvanicum ‘Erythrocladum’, 110 Garden World Images: Amelanchier Science Photo Library (SPL): Nick Wiseman:
Photos: John Glover (br). 38-39 GAP Photos: Betula ermanii; Brian Hoffman: Acer griseum; lamarckii. 111 Garden World Images: Dipelta Escallonia virgata. 132 Alamy: Holmes Garden
Jerry Harpur, Design: Naila Green. 39 Getty MBP-One: Betula utilis subsp. jacquemontii floribunda. Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Berberis Photos: Olearia macrodonta. GAP Photos:
Images: Martin Page (c). 40 GAP Photos: ‘Grayswood Ghost’; Wildscape: Acer grosseri. valdiviana. 112 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Hibiscus syriacus ‘Red
Carole Drake (t). Photolibrary: Garden Pix GAP Photos: Fiona Lea: Betula utilis subsp. Salix exigua. 113 Garden World Images: Heart’; Mel Watson: Aloysia triphylla.
LTD (b). 41 GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom (tr); jacquemontii ‘Jermyns’. Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Crinodendron patagua, 133 Garden World Images: Robinia hispida.
Neil Holmes (cr). 42 Garden World Images: T Sims: Acer palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’. Dorling Elaeagnus umbellata. 114 GAP Photos: FhF 134 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Hydrangea
T Sims (cr). 43 Alamy Images: John Glover Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Greenmedia: Buddleja salviifolia; Lynn Keddie: paniculata ‘Silver Dollar’; Andrea Jones: H.
(tc). GAP Photos: Nicola Browne, Design: Pinus sylvestris. Photolibrary: Richard Bloom: Buddleja x weyeriana ‘Moonlight’. Garden paniculata PINKY-WINKY. GAP Photos: Martin
Bernard Hicks (cr). 44 GAP Photos: Carole Pinus bungeana; Mark Bolton: Stewartia World Images: D Brown: Buddleja colvilei Hughes-Jones: H. serrata ‘Diadem’. Garden
Drake, Location: Sir Harold Hillier Gardens/ pseudocamellia; John Glover: Prunus serrula; ‘Kewensis’; M Hughes-Jones: Buddleja ‘Lochinch’, World Images: G. Delacroix: H. quercifolia.
Hampshire County Council (c); Howard Rice Francois de Heel: Acer davidii. 79 Frank Lane Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Delight’, Buddleja x SNOWFLAKE. Marianne Majerus Garden
(bl). 45 Alamy Images: Steffen Hauser/ Picture Agency (FLPA): Martin B Withers: weyeriana ‘Sungold’. The Garden Collection: Images: Marianne Majerus/RHS Wisley Garden:
botanikfoto (ca); The Garden Picture Library Fraxinus excelsior ‘Pendula’. The Garden Jonathan Buckley: Buddleja ‘Lochinch’, Buddleja H. paniculata ‘Big Ben’. Photolibrary: Sunniva
(tc). GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski (br). Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: Acer davidii ‘Black Knight’; Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Harte: H. heteromalla ‘Snowcap’; Marga Werner:
World Images: N+R Colborn (cra). 46 GAP pensylvanicum. 80 Garden World Images: Buddleja davidii ‘Dartmoor’. 115 Alamy: Holmes H. paniculata ‘Phantom’. Science Photo Library
Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones (br). 47 Alamy John Swithinbank: Trachycarpus fortunei. Garden Photos: Syringa vulgaris ‘Andenken an (SPL): A-Z Botanical Collection: H. macrophylla
Images: Charles Stirling (cr). 49 Dorling 81 Garden World Images: Aesculus californica. Ludwig Späth’. Garden World Images: G. ‘Générale Vicomtesse de Vibraye’. 135 Dorling
Kindersley: Peter Anderson/Designed by 83 Garden World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Delacroix: Syringa pubescens subsp. patula ‘Miss Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley:
Vicky Harris. RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2012 (r). Prunus persica ‘Prince Charming’. 84 Getty: Kim’; M Hughes-Jones: Syringa x persica; MAP/ H.. serrata ‘Kiyosumi’. Alamy: John Glover:
50 Garden World Images: L Thomas (cr). Geoff Kidd: Malus x floribunda. 85 Alamy: Arnaud Descat: Syringa komarowii subsp. H. paniculata PINK DIAMOND; Holmes Garden
51 Alamy Images: Christopher Burrows (br). fotoFlora: Eucryphia glutinosa; Martin Hughes- reflexa, Syringa vulgaris ‘Firmament’, Syringa Photos: Andrea Jones: H. paniculata ‘Dharuma’.
52 GAP Photos: Mark Bolton (br). Garden Jones: Hoheria lyallii. GAP Photos: Martin vulgaris ‘Katherine Havemeyer’. Marianne GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones:
World Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas (crb). Hughes-Jones: Hoheria angustifolia. Getty: Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: H. paniculata ‘Limelight’. Garden World
53 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom (br); Howard Scientifica: Cornus kousa. Science Photo Syringa x persica ‘Alba’. 117 Garden World Images: R Coates: H. serrata ‘Grayswood’; Rita
Rice (cra). Garden World Images: John Library (SPL): Adrian Thomas: Eucryphia Images: Cotoneaster ‘Cornubia’. John Glover: Coates: H. aspera ‘Mauvette’; G. Delacroix:
Martin (c). 54 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom lucida. 87 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Cotinus ‘Flame’. 118 Alamy: Hamamelis x H. macrophylla ‘Libelle’, Steffen Hauser:
(clb); Jonathan Need (cb). 55 GAP Photos: Cornus mas; Martin Hughes-Jones: Cornus kousa intermedia ‘Barmstedt Gold’. Dorling H. aspera subsp. sargentiana. 136 Garden
Carole Drake, Design: Josse and Brian ‘National’; Organica: Cornus kousa var. chinensis. Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: World Images: MAP/Nathalie Pasquel: Erythrina
Emerson (tr); Getty Images: Ron Evans (cb); GAP Photos: Dave Zubraski: Cornus nuttallii Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Arnold Promise’. x bidwillii. 137 Alamy: Milestone Media:
John McCormack: (bc). 56-57 Clive Nichols. ‘Monarch’. Garden World Images: G. Garden World Images: Jacqui Dracup: Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’. Garden World Images:
57 Clive Nichols: (ftl, tl, tr, ftr). 59 GAP Delacroix: Cornus alternifolia; MAP/Nicole et Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Robert’. Photolibrary: Camellia japonica ‘Mathotiana’. 138 Garden
Photos: Elke Borkowski (tr). 60 Garden World Patrick Mioulane: Cornus mas Richard Bloom: Hamamelis x intermedia World Images: Ceanothus impressus. 140
Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Fraxinus excelsior ‘Aureoelegantissima’; L Thomas: Cornus florida ‘Primavera’. Marianne Majerus Garden Garden World Images: Euonymus europaeus
‘Jaspidea’. Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: Davidia ‘Rainbow.’ 88 Frank Lane Picture Agency Images: Marianne Majerus: Azara microphylla. ‘Red Cascade’. The Garden Collection:
involucrata 61 Alamy: K-Pix: Fagus sylvatica (FLPA): Keith Rushforth: Ehretia dicksonii. 119 GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Pittosporum dallii. Andrew Lawson: Rhus glabra. 141 GAP Photos:
‘Riversii’. Garden World Images: Gilles Garden World Images: Ulmus glabra Garden World Images: Geoff Kidd: Prunus David Dixon: Berberis x carminea ‘Barbarossa’.
Delacroix: Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohanii’ 62 Alamy: ‘Camperdownii’. 89 Frank Lane Picture lusitanica ‘Variegata’. 120 Garden World Garden World Images: Leonotis leonurus.
Agency (FLPA): Ron Boardman, Life Science Images: Tetrapanax papyrifer, MAP/A Descat/ Getty: Rob Whitworth: Disanthus cercidifolius.
142 Alamy: CuboImages srl: Cotoneaster carnea ‘Golden Starlet’; MAP/N Pasquel: Erica C. montana; Abbe Green-Armytage: C. ‘Guernsey Images: Salvia involucrata ‘Bethellii’; E. purpurea ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
conspicuus, Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: vagans ‘Mrs D. F. Maxwell’. GardenPhotos. Cream’. 199 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: ‘Doubledecker’, E. purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’;
Cotoneaster salicifolius; Colin Underhill: com: Judy White: Calluna vulgaris ‘Beoley Gold’. C. ‘Barbara Jackman’. Garden World Images: G Delacroix: E. ‘Harvest Moon’; G. Delacroix: 741
Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldianus. 167 GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ruscus aculeatus. R Coates: C. ‘Jacqueline du Pré’; C Lavis-Jones: E. purpurea ‘Coconut Lime’, E. purpurea
Dorling Kindersley:/ RHS Wisley: Euonymus 168 GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd. 168 Garden C. ‘Barbara Dibley’; B Stojanovic: C. ‘Corona’. ‘Fragrant Angel’, E. purpurea ‘Sundown’;
cornutus. Garden World Images: S Hauser: World Images: Trevor Sims. 169 GAP Photos: Photolibrary: Howard Rice: C. ‘Jan Lindmark’. J Spears: E. purpurea ‘Doubledecker’.
Daphne mezereum; D Murphy: Cotoneaster Mark Anker (ftr); FhF Greenmedia (ftl); Leigh Raymond Evison: C. CHANTILLY, C. florida Photolibrary: Cubo Images: E. purpurea
frigidus. 143 Garden World Images: Nandina Clapp (tr). 173 Dorling Kindersley: Brian PISTACHIO (‘Evirida’), C. VIENNETTA, Dorling ‘Magnus’; Antonio Molero: E. angustifolia;
domestica ‘Fire Power’. 144 GAP Photos: John North/RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2012: Rosa Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: J S Sira: E. purpurea ‘Razzmatazz’. 222 Dorling
Glover: Fatsia japonica ‘Variegata’. Getty: TRANQUILITY (‘Ausnoble’); Charles Quest- HAPPY BIRTHDAY (‘Zohapbi’). 200 Alamy: John Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Chelsea
Hemant Jariwala: Mahonia japonica. 145 Alamy: Ritson: R. ‘Reine Victoria’ 174 Charles Quest- Glover: C. ‘Abundance’. GAP Photos: Mark Flower Show 2014: Anemone x hybrida
blickwinkel: Buxus balearica. Garden World Ritson: R. OLIVIA ROSE AUSTIN (‘Ausmixture’) Bolton: C. ‘Silver Moon’. Garden World Images: ‘Robustissima’; Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley:
Images: Gaultheria x wisleyensis ‘Wisley Pearl’; 175 Charles Quest-Ritson: R. RHAPSODY IN Floramedia: C. ‘Columella’, C. ‘Frankie’; C Lavis- A. x hybrida ‘September Charm’; A. x hybrida
Trevor Sims: Prunus laurocerasus ‘Zabeliana’. BLUE (‘Frantasia’). 176 Alamy: John Glover: R. Jones: C. ‘Kardynał Wyszynski’; MAP/A Descat: ‘Whirlwind’. GAP Photos: J S Sira: A.
146 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Martin moyesii ‘Geranium’; Holmes Garden Photos: R. C. ‘Black Prince’; MAP/N Pasquel: C. ‘Abundance’, hupehensis ‘Bowles’s Pink’. Garden World
Hughes-Jones: Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Snow’. sericia subsp. omeiensis f. ptenracantha. Garden C. ‘Betty Corning’. Raymond Evison: C. AVANT- Images: L Thomas: A. hupehensis ‘Praecox’.
Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS World Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas: R. GARDE, C. BOURBON, C. ROSEMOOR, C. VINO. Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: A. x hybrida
Wisley Ribes sanguineum ‘Koja’. 148 Alamy: rubiginosa. Getty: Rob Whitworth: R. rugosa. The Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: C. ‘Betty ‘Whirlwind’; J S Sira: A. hupehensis var. japonica
Chris Howes/Wild Places Photography: Ulex Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Corning’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark ‘Pamina’; Richard Surman: A. x hybrida ‘Königin
europaeus. The Garden Collection: Derek Marianne Majerus: R. glauca. 177 GAP Photos: Winwood/RHS Wisley: C. ‘Perle d’Azur’. Charlotte’; Mark Turner: A. x hybrida ‘September
Harris: Choisya ternata SUNDANCE. 149 Garden Michael Howes: R. EVELYN; Rob Whitworth: R. 201 Photos Horticultural: Lathyrus odoratus Charm’. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS):
World Images: Convolvulus cneorum; x KENT. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: R. ‘Mrs Bernard Jones’. Photolibrary: Anne A. hupehensis var. japonica ‘Bressingham Glow’.
Halimiocistus sahucii. 150 Garden World KAREN BLIXEN (‘Poulari’). Charles Quest- Green-Armytage: Jasminum x stephanense. The Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson:
Images: Rhaphiolepis umbellata. 151 GAP Ritson: R. SCHNEEWITTCHEN (‘Korbin’). Alamy: Niall McDiarmid: Bomarea edulis. Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’. Alamy: Steffen
Photos: J S Sira: Hebe recurva. Garden World 178 Alamy: Natural Garden Images: R. MANY 202 Garden World Images: Ipomoea lobata. Hauser/botanikfoto: Helianthus salicifolius.
Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Ozothamnus HAPPY RETURNS. Dorling Kindersley: Brian Getty: Ron Evans: Lapageria rosea; Leroy Simon: 223 Alamy: Zena Elea: Diascia personata. Garden
ledifolius; M Hughes-Jones: Ozothamnus North /RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2012: R. Ipomoea quamoclit. 203 Alamy: Holmes Garden World Images: Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata
ledifolius. 152 GAP Photos: Dianna Jazwinski: BOSCOBEL (‘Auscousin’); Mark Winwood/ Photos: Callistemon subulatus; Martin Hughes- ‘Black Barlow’. 224 Alamy: John Glover: Iris
Deutzia ‘Mont Rose’; Dorling Kindersley: Mark Hampton Court Flower Show 2014: R. FOR YOUR Jones: Desfontainia spinosa. Garden World ‘Deep Black’. British Iris Society: Iris. japonica.
Winwood/RHS Wisley: Hebe ‘Nicola’s Blush’. EYES ONLY (‘Cheweyesup’). Charles Quest- Images: Callistemon citrinus ‘Splendens’; Trevor GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley: Iris ‘Green
154 Alamy: Arco Images GmbH: Fuchsia Ritson: R. ‘Sea Foam’. 179 Dorling Kindersley: Sims: Cestrum ‘Newellii’. Photolibrary: J S Sira: Spot’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/
‘Riccartonii’; John Glover: Fuchsia magellanica; Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: R. BROTHER Campsis grandiflora. 204 GAP Photos: Geoff RHS Wisley: I. hoogiana; I. ‘Jane Phillips’.
Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS CADFAEL (‘Ausglobe’). Charles Quest-Ritson: Kidd: Aconitum hemsleyanum. Garden World Picturesmiths Ltd.: I. ‘English Cottage’, I.‘Frost
Wisley: Fuchsia ‘Mrs Popple’. GAP Photos: Dave R. ‘La France’. Alamy: Roger Cope: R. NOSTALGIE Images: Cobaea scandens; Trevor Sims: Akebia and Flame’, I.ensata ‘Moonlight Waves’,
Zubraski: Fuchsia ‘Howlett’s Hardy’. Garden (‘Taneiglat’). Garden World Images: Gilles trifoliata. Marianne Majerus Garden Images: I. germanica ‘Florentina’, I. orientalis, I.sanguinea
World Images: T Sims: Fuchsia ‘Corallina’. Delacroix: R. HEIDETRAUM (‘Noatraum’). 180 Andrew Lawson: Passiflora caerulea. 205 Alamy ‘Snow Queen’. 225 Dorling Kindersley: Mark
Getty: Fuchsia magellanica ‘Thompsonii’. Charles Quest-Ritson: R. PRINCESS ANNE Images: Frank Paul: Wisteria frutescens Winwood/RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2014:
Marianne Majerus Garden Images: (‘Auskitchen’); R. ‘Thérèse Bugnet’; R. INTRIGUE ‘Amethyst Falls’. Royal Horticultural Society I. ‘Black Tie Affair’; Mark Winwood /RHS Wisley:
Marianne Majerus: Fuchsia magellanica var. (‘Jacum’). 182 Dorling Kindersley: Mark (RHS): Graham Titchmarsh: Ceanothus I. unguicularis ‘Mary Barnard’. Alamy: Holmes
gracilis. Science Photo Library (SPL): Mike Winwood/Hampton Court Flower Show 2014: R. ‘Burkwoodii’. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Garden Photos: I. ‘Berlin Tiger’. GAP Photos:
Danson: Fuchsia ‘Madame Cornélissen’. CHARLOTTE (‘Auspoly’); Mark Winwood/RHS Ceanothus ‘Puget Blue’; Neil Holmes: Plumbago Richard Bloom: I.foetidissima; S & O: I.‘Holden
155 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Salvia x Wisley: R. GOLDEN WEDDING (‘Arokris’). Garden auriculata; Martin Hughes-Jones: Wisteria Clough’. Garden World Images:
jamensis ‘La Luna’; Plantography: Salvia World Images: G Delacroix: R. JULIA CHILD frutescens ‘Longwood Purple’. Garden World I. winogradowii. Picturesmiths Ltd: I. ‘Kent
microphylla ‘La Foux’, Salvia x jamensis (‘Wekvossutono’). Charles Quest-Ritson: R. Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Wisteria Pride’, I.‘Perry’s Blue’, I.‘Tropic Night’, I.sibirica
‘Maraschino’. GAP Photos: Heather Edwards: EASY GOING (‘Harglow’); R. CLAIRE AUSTIN floribunda ‘Yae kokoryu’; John Martin: Wisteria ‘Soft Blue’. 226 Andrew Lawson Digital:
Salvia microphylla ‘Cerro Potosi’; FhF Greenmedia: (‘Ausprior’); R. MOUNTBATTEN (‘Harmantelle’); R. sinensis ‘Prolific’. Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: Aquilegia viridiflora. Anne Green-Armytage:
S. x jamensis ‘Red Velvet’; Marcus Harpur: ‘Rêve d’Or’. 183 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Wisteria frutescens; Mark Turner: Wisteria A. vulgaris ‘William Guiness’. Garden World
S. microphylla ‘Kew Red’. Garden World Winwood/Hampton Court Flower Show 2014; floribunda f. rosea ‘Hon-beni’. 206 GAP Photos: Images: A. ‘Dragonfly’; A. ‘Hensol Harebell’;
Images: N R Colborn: S. ‘Hot Lips’; G Delacroix: R. LADY EMMA HAMILTON (‘Ausbrother’). John Glover: Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’; A.coerulea; A. flabellata var. pumila; Brian
S. x jamensis ‘Sierra San Antonio’; G. Delacroix: S. Harkness Roses, roses.co.uk: R. EASY DOES IT. Martin Hughes-Jones: Campsis radicans f. flava; Gadsby: A.triternata; S Hauser; A.coerulea;
officinalis ‘Berggarten’; L Thomas: S. greggii Charles Quest-Ritson: R. ORANGES ‘N’ LEMONS Geoff Kidd: Hypericum ‘Rowallane’; Howard MAP/A Descat: A.Songbird Series ‘Bunting’;
‘Icing Sugar’. Getty: De Agostini: S. officinalis. (‘Macoranlem’) ; R. WARM WELCOME (‘Chewizz’); Rice: Jasminum humile ‘Revolutum’. Garden T Schilling: A.‘Hensol Harebell’; Darren Warner:
Photolibrary: Geoff Kidd: S. microphylla R. ABRAHAM DARBY (‘Auscot’); R. FELLOWSHIP World Images: Piptanthus nepalensis. A.‘Dragonfly’. John Glover: A.canadensis.
‘Newby Hall’; Juliette Wade: S. microphylla ‘Pink (‘Harwelcome’); 184 Garden World Images: 207 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Lonicera Photolibrary: Tracey Rich: A. vulgaris var.
Blush’; Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/ R. ‘Félicité Perpétue’. 185 Garden World periclymenum ‘Red Gables’. GAP Photos: stellata ‘Nora Barlow’. Thompson & Morgan:
RHS Wisley: S. officinalis ‘Purpurascens’. Images: R. ‘Veilchenblau’. Dorling Kindersley: Howard Rice: Lonicera etrusca ‘Michael Rosse’. A. chrysantha. Dorling Kindersley: Mark
157 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/ Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: R. ‘Climbing Cécile Garden World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Winwood/RHS Wisley: A. longissima.
Downderry Nursery: Lavandula x chaytoriae Brünner’. Charles Quest-Ritson: R. ‘Climbing Lonicera henryi. Photolibrary: Kate Boykin: 227 Garden World Images: Doronicum ‘Miss
‘Sawyers’. 158 Alamy: Lavandula angustifolia Madame Caroline Testout’. 186 Charles Quest- Lonicera sempervirens; Howard Rice: Lonicera Mason’. 228 GAP Photos: S & O: Paeonia
‘Miss Katherine’. GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski: Ritson: R. JASMINA (‘Korcentex’); R. COCKTAIL etrusca ‘Superba’. suffruticosa ‘Hakuo-jisi’; Rob Whitworth:
L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata ‘James (‘Meimick’). Garden World Images: R. ‘Guinée’. 208 Alamy: Garden World Images: Jasminum P. ‘Coral Charm’. Garden World Images:
Compton’; Dianna Jazwinski: L. angustifolia 187 Chris Warner: R. GARDENERS GLORY. polyanthum; Lee Thomas: Vitis ‘Brant’. P. lactiflora ‘Cheddar Gold’, P. lactiflora ‘Festiva
‘Imperial Gem’; J S Sira: L. ‘Helmsdale’, (‘Chewability’) .GAP Photos: Maxine Adcock: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Maxima’, P. lactiflora ‘Jan van Leeuwen’, P. obovata
L. angustifolia ‘Loddon Blue’, L. stoechas subsp. R. SUMMER WINE (‘Korizont’). Roses UK: R. Majerus: Campsis x tagliabuana ‘Madame Galen’. var. alba; S Chesterman: P. ‘Cheddar Gold’; C
stoechas f.rosea ‘Kew Red’. Garden World ALIBABA (‘Chewalibaba’). 189 GAP Photos: Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Campsis radicans Harris: P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’; T Jennings: P.
Images: G. Delacroix: L.lanata; C Fairweather: Andrea Jones (tl); Jerry Harpur (ftl); Marcus ‘Flamenco’. 210 Alamy: Andrea Jones: ‘Festiva Maxima’. Marianne Majerus Garden
L. angustifolia LITTLE LOTTIE (‘Clarmo’), L. Harpur (ftr). 190 GAP Photos: John Glover (bl). Ampelopsis megalophylla. 211 Alamy: John Images: Marianne Majerus: P. x suffruticosa
stoechas subsp. stoechas f. leucantha ‘Snowman’; 191 GAP Photos: Maddie Thornhill (tr). 192 Glover: Acacia dealbata. Garden World Images: ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’; Marianne Majerus/The Manor,
T Sims: L.angustifolia ‘Hidcote’; L Thomas: Photos Horticultural: Decumaria sinensis. Martin Hughes-Jones: Garrya elliptica ‘James Hemingford Grey: P. lactiflora ‘Lady Alexandra
L.‘Regal Splendour’, L.‘Willow Vale’. Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Prostanthera Roof’. 212-213 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski. Duff’. Photolibrary: Martin Page: P. lactiflora
Photolibrary: Chris L Jones: L.x intermedia rotundifolia ‘Rosea’; Martin Hughes-Jones: 213 GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie (tl); Clive Nichols ‘Pillow Talk’. 229 Alamy: Ros Drinkwater: P. x
‘Alba’. 159 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Acradenia frankliniae. Garden World Images: (tr); Howard Rice (ftl); Visions (ftr). 214 GAP lemoinei ‘High Noon’. Collection & Photo Riviere
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens. Garden Trevor Sims: Holboellia latifolia. Dorling Photos: Richard Bloom (crb); Howard Rice (bl). (France, 26 Drôme): P. x lemoinei ‘L’Espérance’.
World Images: Ceratostigma willmottianum. Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Ercilla 215 GAP Photos: John Glover (bc/metal GAP Photos: Visions: P.‘Félix Crousse’; Rob
160 Garden World Images: Gilles Delacroix: volubilis. 193 Alamy: John Glover: Jasminum spirals). 216 GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Impatiens Whitworth: P. suffruticosa ‘Rimpo’. Garden
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ‘Foliis Variegatis’. beesianum. Garden World Images: Mitraria tinctoria; Rob Whitworth: Sanguisorba tenuifolia World Images: L Thomas: P. ‘Paul M. Wild’.
161 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: coccinea, Ribes speciosum; MAP/Arnaud Descat: var. alba. Garden World Images: Derek Gould: Getty: Martin Page: P. ‘Bartzella’, P. ‘Garden
Hypericum x inodorum ‘Elstead’; J S Sira: Mitraria coccinea; Trevor Sims: Campsis radicans Artemisia lactiflora. 217 GAP Photos: Mark Treasure’. Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Halimium lasianthum subsp. formosum. Garden ‘Indian Summer’, Ribes speciosum. Bolton: Delphinium ‘Red Caroline’. Marianne Majerus: P. ‘Claire de Lune’.
World Images: Coriaria terminalis var. 194 Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Ceanothus Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: Delphinium Photolibrary: Martin Page: P. ‘Buckeye Belle’;
xanthocarpa, Hypericum kouytchense; Dorling arboreus ‘Trewithen Blue’; Philippe Bonduel: ‘Cliveden Beauty’; J S Sira/GPL: Delphinium Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood, Courtesy
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Eriobotrya japonica. 195 GAP Photos: John ‘Elizabeth Cook.’ 218 Garden World Images: of RHS Wisley: P. delavayi var. delavayi f. lutea.
Halimium lasianthum subsp.formosum. Glover: Ampelopsis brevipedunculata ‘Elegans’. Martin Hughes-Jones: Thalictrum ‘Elin’. Dorling 230 GAP Photos: Suzie Gibbons: Selinum
162 Garden World Images: Berberis ‘Rubrostilla’, Garden World Images: Araujia sericifera, Kindersley: Mark Winwood/Temple Newsam wallichianum. Garden World Images: Gilles
Cytisus scoparius f. andreanus. Photolibrary: Jasminum mesnyi; Geoff Kidd: Araujia sericifera; Estate, Leeds City Council: Delphinium ‘Kestrel’. Delacroix: Leucanthemum x superbum ‘Aglaia’.
Mark Bolton: Cuphea cyanea; Mark Turner/GPL: Trevor Sims: Hydrangea anomala subsp. Alamy: John Glover: Meconopsis paniculata. 231 GAP Photos: Jo Whitworth: Anaphalis
Myrica gale. 163 GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: petiolaris. 196 Garden World Images: Trevor Dr Evelyn Stevens: M. grandis; Plant Heritage triplinervis ‘Sommerschnee’; Rob Whitworth:
Fothergilla gardenii. The Garden Collection: Sims: Hydrangea seemannii; Lee Thomas: National Plant Collection: M. George Sherriff Gaura lindheimeri . Garden World Images: Lee
Jonathan Buckley: Lonicera x purpusii. Jasminum officinale f. affine. Science Photo Group ‘Jimmy Bayne’, M. ‘Marit’, M. baileyi var. Thomas: Leucanthemum x superbum
164 Alamy: Plantography: Pittosporum Library (SPL): Bob Gibbons: Hydrangea alba, M. x cookei ‘Old Rose’. GAP Photos: Leigh ‘Sonnenschein’. 232 Alamy: CuboImages:
tenuifolium ‘Tom Thumb’. 165 GAP Photos: serratifolia. The Garden Collection: Andrew Clapp: M. ‘Lingholm’; Fiona Lea: Galega x Astilbe ‘Europa’; John Glover: A. ‘Amethyst’;
Friedrich Strauss: Artemisia abrotanum Lawson: Trachelospermum asiaticum. hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’; Howard Rice: M. ‘Slieve Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: A. ‘Granat’; Martin
Artemisia abrotanum. Garden World Images: 197 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Donard’. Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Hughes-Jones: A. ‘Europa’. Garden World
Hebe cupressoides. 166 Alamy: J S Sira/ GPL: Wisley: Dregea sinensis. Alamy: Holmes Garden Meconopsis ‘Crewdson Hybrid’. 219 Alamy: Images: G Delacroix: A. ‘Deutschland’; M
Erica carnea ‘Challenger’; Arco Images GmbH: Photos: Prostanthera cuneata. GAP Photos: Florapix: Ligularia ‘The Rocket’; John Glover: Thornhill: A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’. 233 Marianne
Erica vagans ‘St Keverne’; John Glover: Calluna Geoff Kidd: Tasmannia lanceolata. Garden Musa basjoo. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
vulgaris ‘Annemarie’, Calluna vulgaris ‘Wickwar World Images: Anredera cordifolia; Gilles Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’. 220 Eric Thalictrum aquilegiifolium ‘Thundercloud’.
Flame’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Erica carnea ‘Ann Delacroix: Schizophragma hydrangeoides. Crichton Photos: Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine 234 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Persicaria
Sparkes’; Piotr & Irena Kolasa: Calluna vulgaris 198 Dorling Kindersley: Brian North/RHS Jobert’. GAP Photos: Victoria Firmston: campanulata ‘Rosenrot’. Garden World Images:
‘Dark Star’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Chelsea Flower Show: THE COUNTESS OF WESSEX Veronicastrum virginicum ‘Fascination’. Marianne P. microcephala ‘Red Dragon’, P. virginiana var.
Winwood/RHS Wisley: Erica x darleyensis (‘Evipo073’); C. ‘Kaiu’. GAP Photos: Fiona Lea: Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: filiformis ‘Lance Corporal’, P. virginiana ‘Painter’s
‘Arthur Johnson’; E. lusitanica ‘Sheffield Park’. Clematis ‘Avalanche’; J S Sira: C. cartmannii ‘Joe’. Hedychium ‘Tara’. Photoshot: Photos Palette’, Rehmannia elata; M Hughes-Jones:
GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Erica x darleyensis Garden World Images: Trevor Sims: Horticultural: Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’. P. microcephala ‘Red Dragon’; T Sims: P.
‘Furzey’. Garden World Images: G. Delacroix: C. ‘Andromeda’; Lee Thomas: C. ‘Avalanche’, 221 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Echinacea virginiana var. filiformis ‘Lance Corporal’,
Erica erigena ‘Brian Proudley’; T Jennings: Erica C. ‘Early Sensation’, C. ARCTIC QUEEN, paradoxa. GAP Photos: Visions: Eupatorium P. virginiana ‘Painter’s Palette’. Getty: Dave
vagans ‘Birch Glow’; M Hughes-Jones: Erica C. cartmannii ‘Joe’. Photolibrary: Ron Evans: maculatum ‘Riesenschirm’. Garden World Zubraski: P. affinis ‘Superba’. Photolibrary:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Carole Drake/GPL: P. alpina. 235 Garden World ‘Swan Lake’; Martin Hughes-Jones: S. pratensis Garden Picture Library: Dianthus ‘Inchmery’. Scrolls’; Lynn Keddie: H. ‘Peppermint Spice’;
Images: Phlox paniculata ‘Prince of Orange’; ‘Pink Delight’. Marianne Majerus Garden Garden World Images: T Sims: Dianthus Visions Premium: H.‘Ginger Ale’; Rob
742 Rodger Tamblyn: Lychnis chalcedonica. Images: Marianne Majerus: S. nemorosa ‘Cranmere Pool’; L Thomas: D. ‘Devon Dove’, Whitworth: H. ‘Ebony and Ivory’, Dorling
236 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS ‘Amethyst’. Photolibrary: Ron Evans: S. x D. ‘Devon Flavia’. GardenPhotos.com: Graham Kindersley: Mark Winwood /RHS Chelsea
Wisley: Penstemon ‘Hidcote Pink’ Photolibrary: sylvestris ‘Mainacht’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Rice: D.‘Brilliant Star’, D. ‘Evening Star’. Royal Flower Show 2014: H. ‘Southern Comfort’.
J S Sira: Penstemon ‘The Juggler’. Winwood/Lullingstone Castle, Kent: S. Horticultural Society (RHS): Sue Drew: Garden World Images: Rita Coates: H.
237 bloompictures: P. ‘Chester Scarlet’, ‘King guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’. 251 Photolibrary: D.‘Milky Way’. 267 Alamy: Christopher ‘Midnight Rose’; G Delacroix: H. ‘Purple
George V’. Garden World Images: P. ‘Papal Brian Carter: Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’. Alamy: Burrows: D. superbus ‘Crimsonia’; Glenn Harper: Petticoats’, H. sanguinea ‘Snow Storm’,
Purple’, P. ‘Russian River’; G. Delacroix: P. blickwinkel: Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa; D. ‘Neon Star’. Allwoods Nursery: D. ‘Tayside x Heucherella tiarelloides ‘Stoplight’; G. Delacroix:
‘Cherry’; Derek Gould:P. ‘Russian River’. Organica: R. triloba. The Garden Picture Red’. Garden World Images: D.‘Devon Wizard’, H. ‘Lime Rickey’; Richard Shiell: H.Amber
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: P. whippleanus. Library: R. occidentalis ‘Green Wizard’. GAP D. ‘Fusilier’,D. ‘Monica Wyatt’, D. ‘Moulin Waves’; L Thomas: H. ‘Beauty Colour’, H.
Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Photos: Richard Bloom: R. maxima. Garden Rouge’, D.PASSION (‘WpPassion’), D. ‘Pixie Star’, ‘Blackbird’, H. ‘Can-can’, H. ‘Georgia Peach’, H.
Wisley: P. heterophyllis ‘Heavenly Blue’. World Images: R. fulgida var. deamii, R. laciniata D. ‘Rose de Mai’,D. ‘Valda Wyatt’, D. ‘Devon ‘Green Spice’, H. ‘Peach Flambé’, H. ‘Tiramisu’, H.
238 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Astrantia ‘Herbstsonne’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Wizard’, D. STARLIGHT; R Coates: D. ‘Monica CRÈME BRÛLÉE, x Heucherella tiarelloides
major ‘Ruby Wedding’; Garden World Images: Winwood/RHS Wisley: R. laciniata Wyatt’; G Delacroix: G Harper: D. ‘Feuerhexe’; T ‘Kimono’; D Wildridge: Heuchera ‘Pewter Moon’.
M Hughes-Jones: Papaver Orientale Group ‘Herbstsonne’; R. fulgida var.deamii. Sims: D. ‘Rose de Mai’; L Thomas: D. ‘Fusilier’, D. GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: H.
‘Karine’; MAP/A Descat: P. ‘Patty’s Plum’; 252 Garden World Images: M Hughes-Jones: LILY THE PINK (‘Wp05 Idare’), D. PASSION ‘Cinnabar Silver’. Getty: Jo Whitworth: H.
L Thomas: P ‘Medallion’ Marianne Majerus Chrysanthemum ‘Innocence’; J Need: C. (‘WpPassion’), D. ‘Pixie Star’, D. TICKLED PINK ‘Chocolate Ruffles’. 283 Alamy: John Glover:
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus, Bankton CHESAPEAKE. GardenPhotos.com: Graham (‘DevonPp11’), D. ‘Valda Wyatt’. GardenPhotos. Helleborus foetidus Wester Flisk Group. GAP
Cottage, Sussex: Geranium palmatum. Rice: C. ‘Emperor of China’, C. ‘Nell Gwynn’, C. com: Graham Rice: D. ‘India Star’. Marianne Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ophiopogon japonicus;
Photolibrary: John Glover: Papaver Oriental ‘Purleigh White’, C. ‘Spartan Seagull’. Dorling Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Howard Rice: Helleborus odorus. Garden World
Group ‘Turkish Delight’; Hermant Jariwala/GPL: Kindersley: Woottens Plants: C. Aunt Millicent. D. ‘Queen of Sheba’. 268 Alamy: Christopher Images: Gilles Delacroix: Dianella caerulea
P. orientale var. bracteatum. 239 Alamy: 253 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Burrows: Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’; CuboImages srl: CASSA BLUE. Marianne Majerus Garden
blickwinkel: Linaria triornithophora. 240 Alamy: Chrysanthemum ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’. GAP Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’. Bleddyn Wynn Images: Marianne Majerus/Harveys Garden
Shorelark Nigel Downer: Eryngium alpinum. Photos: Richard Bloom: C. ‘Cottage Apricot’; Jones: Crusea coccinea. Photolibrary: Richard Plants: Helleborus x sternii ‘Boughton Beauty’.
GAP Photos: Mark Bolton: Nepeta ‘Six Hills Howard Rice: C. ‘Mary Stoker’. Garden World Bloom: Geum ‘Bell Bank’. Photoshot: Photos 284 GAP Photos: Mark Bolton: Cortaderia
Giant’. Garden World Images: Agapanthus Images: C. ‘Apollo’, C. ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’, Horticultural: Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’. richardii. Garden World Images: Gilles
inapertus subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’, Phlox C. ‘Tapestry Rose’; R Coates: C.‘Ruby Mound’; 269 GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley: Berkheya Delacroix: Calamagrostis brachytricha. 285 Alamy:
paniculata ‘Windsor’; Martin Hughes-Jones: R Ditchfield: C. ‘Doctor Tom Parr’; G Harper: purpurea. Garden World Images: Tony The Garden Picture Library: Miscanthus sinensis
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’. C. ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’; MAP/A Kubacsi: Schilling: Ourisia coccinea. 270 Dorling ‘Yakushima Dwarf’. GAP Photos: Ron Evans:
John Glover: Phlox paniculata ‘Hampton Court’. C. ‘Apollo’. Dorling Kindersley: Woottens Kindersley: Steve Hamilton/Hidcote Manor Chionochloa rubra; Jo Whitworth, location: Knoll
Science Photo Library (SPL): A-Z Botanical Plants: C ‘Chelsea Physic Garden’. Garden Garden, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire: Gardens: Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgandy’.
Collection: Phlox paniculata ‘Amethyst’. Photos.com: Graham Rice: C. ‘Bronze Elegance’, Geranium himalayense. 271 Alamy: 286 GAP Photos: Carole Drake, courtesy The
241 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Campanula C.‘Grandchild’, C.‘Perry’s Peach’, C. ‘Sea Urchin’. CuboImages srl: Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’); Sir Harold Hillier Gardens/Hampshire County
persicifolia ‘Chettle Charm’; imagebroker: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Garden World Images: Myosotidium hortensia. Council: Thamnocalamus crassinodus var.
Echinops bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’. Dorling Marianne Majerus/NCCPG National Plant 272 Alamy: Ros Drinkwater: Hosta ‘Invincible’; spathiflorus ‘Kew Beauty’. GardenPhotos.com:
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Collection: C. ‘Mrs Jessie Cooper’, C. ‘Paul Holmes Garden Photos: H. ‘June’. GAP Photos: judywhite: Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’.
Agapanthus ‘Northern Star; A ‘Purple Cloud’ Boissier’, C. ‘Rumpelstilzchen’. Photoshot: Dave Bevan: H. ‘Gold Edger’; Clive Nichols: Getty: Richard Bloom: Miscanthus sinensis
Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Photos Horticultural: C.‘Anastasia’. Royal H. ‘Night Before Christmas’. Garden World ‘Flamingo’; Rob Whitworth: Stipa calamagrostis.
Campanula takesimana; M Hughes-Jones: Horticultural Society (RHS): Ali Cundy: Images: L Thomas: H. ‘Minuteman’. Photolibrary: Stephen Henderson: Molinia
C. lactiflora ‘Prichard’s Variety’; P Smith: C. ‘Carmine Blush’. 254 Garden World Images: GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: H. ‘Cherry caerulea subsp. arundinacea ‘Transparent’.
C. punctata f. rubriflora ‘Cherry Bells’; L Thomas: Kniphofia. ‘Royal Standard’, K. caulescens; Berry’. 273 GAP Photos: Jo Whitworth: H. 287 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
C. trachelium ‘Bernice’; Lee Thomas: Aconitum G Delacroix: K. ‘Royal Standard’; D Gould: K. lancifolia. Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Chimonobambusa timidissinoda. GAP Photos:
‘Stainless Steel’. 242 GAP Photos: Jonathan ‘Prince Igor’; MAP/N Pasquel: K. ‘Green Jade’; H. ‘Fragrant Bouquet ’; Ellen McKnight: Howard Rice: Ampelodesmos mauritanica.
Buckley: Astelia chathamica. Marianne Majerus T Sandell: K. ‘Toffee Nosed’. Photolibrary: Chris H.‘Sagae’. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: 288 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Yushania
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus, The Old Burrows/GPL: K. ‘Bees’ Sunset’; Howard Rice/ H. ‘Remember Me’, H. ‘Revolution’. The Garden anceps ‘Pitt White’. GAP Photos: BBC
Vicarage, East Ruston: Mathiasella bupleuroides GPL: K. rooperi. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Collection: Torie Chugg: H.‘Tattoo’. 274 Alamy: Magazines Ltd: Phyllostachys aurea. Photoshot:
‘Green Dream’. 243 GAP Photos: Flora Press: Winwood/RHS Wisley: K. ‘Tawny King’. John Glover: Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’. Photos Horticultural: Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’.
Gentiana lutea; Martin Hughes-Jones: Berkheya 255 Marianne Majerus Garden Images: GAP Photos: Neil Holmes: Artemisia ludoviciana 289 The Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson:
macrocephala. GardenPhotos.com: Judy Marianne Majerus: Helleborus x ericsmithii ‘Bob’s ‘Valerie Finnis’. Garden World Images: Hosta Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis. 290 Alamy:
White: Phlomis russeliana. 244 bloompictures: Best’. 256 Alamy: GardenPhotos.com: tokudama f. aureonebulosa. 275 Alamy: Debbie Monique Jolliff: Athyrium niponicum var.
Hemerocallis ‘Cherry Cheeks’. GAP Photos: Cypripedium Ulla Silkens gx; Martin Hughes- blickwinkel: Alchemilla conjuncta. Rosemary pictum ‘Burgandy Lace’. Garden World
Clive Nichols: H. ‘Pardon Me’. Garden Picture Jones: Geranium macrorrhizum ‘Ingwersen’s Kautzky: photographersdirect.com: Calanthe Images: Lee Thomas: Athyrium ‘Ghost’.
Library: J S Sira: H. ‘Neyron Rose’. Variety’. GAP Photos: Andrea Jones: striata. 277 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: 292 Eric Crichton Photos: Adiantum venustum.
Garden World Images: H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’; Chrysosplenium macrophyllum; Marianne Hieracium lanatum. GAP Photos: Visions: Garden World Images: Lee Thomas: Polystichum
G Delacroix: H. ‘Luxury Lace’; L Thomas: Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/ Gaillardia x grandifl ora ‘Oranges and Lemons’. tsussimense. 293 Alamy: John Swithinbank:
H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’. The Garden Emile Becker: Helleborus thibetanus. Photolibrary: Garden World Images: Richard Shiell: Libertia Dryopteris erythrosora. The Garden Collection:
Collection: Derek Harris: H. ‘Stoke Poges’. Clive Nichols: Bergenia ‘Beethoven’. 257 Alamy: ixioides ‘Goldfinger’. 278 Alamy: The Garden Torie Chugg: Polypodium cambricum ‘Richard
245 bloompictures: H. ‘Cream Drop’. Dorling John Glover: Primula ‘Guinevere’, P. ‘Woodland Picture Library: Astrantia maxima. GAP Photos: Kayse’. 294-295 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski.
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: H. Walk’; June Green: P. Husky Series [white]. J S Sira: Astrantia ‘Roma’. John Fielding: 295 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (ftr); John Glover
dumortieri. GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: H. GAP Photos: J S Sira: P. sieboldii ‘Geisha Girl’. Begonia taliensis. Marianne Majerus Garden (ftl); Sharon Pearson (tl); Dave Zubraski (tr).
‘Whichford’; Martin Hughes-Jones: H. ‘Cathy’s Garden World Images: T Sims: P. ‘Lady Greer’; Images: Marianne Majerus: Begonia grandis 296 GAP Photos: Charles Hawes (t); Martin
Sunset’. Garden Picture Library: C Burrows: D Wildridge: P. ‘Dawn Ansell’, P. vialii. Dorling subsp. grandis. 279: Garden World Images: Hughes-Jones (b). 298 Garden World Images:
H. ‘Little Wine Cup’. Garden World Images: Kindersley: John Glover/RHS Garden, Wisley: N Appleby: Hylotelephium ‘Matrona’; L Every: Anthony Baggett: Dahlia ‘Gallery Art Fair’;
T Jennings: P. japonica ‘Miller’s Crimson’. 258 Alamy: John H. telephium Atropurpureum group ‘Purple G Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia DIAMOND
H. Chicago Sunrise’. Peter Stiles Photography: Glover: Primula ‘Elizabeth Killelay’. GAP Emperor’; D Gould: H. spectabile ‘Iceberg’; FROST (‘Inneuphe’), Lobularia maritima ‘Snow
H. ‘Cartwheels’. The Garden Collection: Photos: Visions: Primula ‘Don Keefe’. Garden G Harper: H. telephium subsp. maximum Crystals’, Chaenostoma cordatum ‘Snowflake,’
Andrew Lawson: H. ‘Bonanza’; Nicola Stocken World Images: Primula ‘Belarina Cobalt Blue’, ‘Gooseberry Fool’; L Thomas: H. erythrostictum Gilles Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia
Tomkins: H. ‘Black Magic’. 246 Alamy: Holmes Primula ‘Mark’ [Auricula]; L Thomas: P. Belarina ‘Mediovariegatum’. Marianne Majerus Garden DIAMOND FROST, R Shiell: Zinnia x marylandica
Garden Photos: Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’. Series ‘Belarina Cobalt Blue’. Photolibrary: Images: Marianne Majerus: H. ‘Red Cauli’. Zahara Series ‘Zahara Starlight Rose’; Richard
Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Sunniva Harte: P. Crescendo Series ‘Crescendo Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: H. ‘Ruby Glow’. Shiell: Zinnia x marylandica Zahara Series ‘Zahara
Verbascum ‘Cotswold Beauty’. 247 Alamy: Bright Red’. 259 Garden World Images: Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Starlight Rose. 299 Garden World Images:
Holmes Garden Photos: Achillea ptarmica ‘The M Hughes-Jones: Primula ‘Fransisca’. Wisley: H. telephium ‘Strawberries and Cream’, Eustoma grandiflorum. Dorling Kindersley:
Pearl’. GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie: A. ‘Belle Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: Primula veris H. ‘Herbstfreude’. 280 Alamy: John Glover: John Glover/Unwins Nicotiana x sanderae
Epoque’; J S Sira: A. ‘Christine’s Pink’. Garden ‘Katy McSparron’. Picturesmiths Ltd: R. Smith: Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’. GAP Photos: Martin Domino Series. 300 Alamy: Martin Hughes-
World Images: A Biddle: A. ‘Lachsschönheit’; Primula ‘Trouble’. 260 Alamy: Florapix: Lathyrus Hughes-Jones: Agastache ‘Black Adder’, Jones: Argyranthemum ‘Summer Melody’.
N R Colborn: A. ‘Heidi’; G. Delacroix: vernus. Garden World Images: Glaucidium Geranium ‘Orion’. Garden World Images: Garden World Images: Catharanthus roseus
A. millefolium ‘Red Velvet’; L Thomas: A. palmatum; Dr Alan Beaumont: Lathraea Tulbaghia violacea; Gilles Delacroix: Bergenia Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’, Martynia annua; R Shiell:
‘Terracotta’. Getty: Martin Page: A. filipendulina clandestina. The Garden Collection: Nicola purpurascens. 281 GAP Photos: FhF Calibrachoa Cabaret Series LIGHT PINK,
‘Parker’s Variety’. 248 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ Stocken Tomkins: Epimedium epsteinii. Greenmedia: Helleborus niger ‘HGC Joseph Catharanthus roseus Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’;
botanikfoto: Helenium ‘Feuersiegel’; Martin 261 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Brunnera Lemper’; John Glover: Helleborus x hybridus Richard Shiell: Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Caberet
Hughes-Jones: H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’; Leonie macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’. GAP Photos: Heather Harvington hybrids [single, white]; Marcus Series LIGHT PINK, Catharanthus roseus Boa
Lambert: Lobelia cardinalis ‘Queen Victoria. Edwards: Pulmonaria ‘Mawson’s Blue’. Garden Harpur: Helleborus x hybridus Bradfield hybrids Series ‘Boa Peach’. Photolibrary: Chris
Garden World Images: G. Delacroix: H. World Images: G Delacroix: Pulmonaria [double, apricot with spots]; Howard Rice: Burrows/GPL: Brachyscome ‘Strawberry
‘Waltraut’; G Harper: H. ‘Indianersommer’; ‘Margery Fish’, P. ‘Excalibur’; MAP/A Descat: Helleborus x hybridus [single, apricot]. Garden Mousse.’ Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/
M Hughes-Jones: H. ‘Double Trouble’, H ‘Red P. ‘Mary Mottram’; L Thomas: P. OPAL (‘Ocupal’) World Images: L Thomas: Helleborus x Ball Colegrave: Osteospermum VOLTAGE WHITE
Army’, H. ‘Rubinzwerg’. Photolibrary: Neil Getty: Martin Page: Mertensia virginica. nigercors. GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: (‘Balvowite’). 301 Garden World Images:
Holmes: H ‘Butterpat.’ 249 Alamy: John Martin: Photolibrary: John Glover /GPL: Pulmonaria H. x hybridus [single, white with spots]. Getty: N R Colborn: Diascia LITTLE DANCER;
Symphyotrichum ‘Photograph’. Garden World rubra ‘David Ward’; Howard Rice/GPL: P. rubra. Richard Bloom: H. x hybridus [double, slate]; G Delacroix: Lantana camara Lucky Series LUCKY
Images: G. Delacroix: Aster x frikartii ‘Wunder Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Jonathan Buckley: H. x hybridus Ashwood Garden HONEY BLUSH; Trevor Sims: Lathyrus odoratus
von Stäfa’; MAP/A Descat: S.novae-angliae ‘Rosa Wisley: P. ‘Lewis Palmer’. 262 GAP Photos: hybrids [double, pink]; Dave Zubraski: Cupid Series ‘Cupid Pink’; L Thomas: Nemesia
Sieger’; T Sims: S. novi-belgii ‘Carnival’. Richard Bloom: Helleborus argutifolius ‘Silver H. x hybridus [single, yellow with spots]. AMELIE, Osteospermum Sunny Series ‘Sunny
GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: Lace’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Euphorbia Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Marina’. The Garden Collection: Liz Eddison:
S. ‘Sunhelene’. Getty: Rob Whitworth: S. novi- amygdaloides var. robbiae. Photolibrary: Majerus/The Old Rectory, Sudborough: Gaura lindheimeri ‘Rosyjane’. 302 Garden
belgii ‘Chequers’. Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Howard Rice: Valeriana phu ‘Aurea’. 263 Alamy: H. x hybridus [single, yellow]. Peter Stiles World Images: Fuchsia ‘Dollar Prinzessin’,
S. ‘Little Carlow’, S. novae-angliae ‘Violetta’; The Garden Picture Library: Doronicum orientale Photography: H. x hybridus [single, red]. F. ‘Nellie Nuttall’, F. ‘Sunray’; MAP/N Pasquel:
Sunniva Harte: S. ‘Coombe Fishacre’. ‘Magnificum’. Garden World Images: Photolibrary: Clive Nichols /GPL: H. x hybridus F. ‘John Ridding’; P Smith: F. ‘Sunray’. Dorling
250 Alamy: Carole Drake: Salvia glutinosa. Leucanthemum x superbum ‘Esther Read’; Harvington hybrids [double, apricot]; Garden Pix Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley:
GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: S. nemorosa N R Colborn: Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’. Ltd/GPL: H. x hybridus Ashwood Garden hybrids F. magellanica var. gracilis ‘Aurea’. Young
‘Ostfriesland’; Jonathan Buckley: S. guaranitica 264 Photolibrary: Joshua McCullough: [double, pink]; Anne Green-Armytage/GPL: Plants Limited: Proven Winners: Chris Wright
‘Black and Blue’; Heather Edwards: S. patens; Deinanthe bifida. Photos Horticultural: H. x hybridus [double, white]; Howard Rice: Photography: F. ‘Joanna Lumley.’ 303 GAP
John Glover: S. verticillata ‘Purple Rain’; Marcus Diplarrhena moraea. 265 Eric Crichton Photos: H. x hybridus [single, green]; Howard Rice/GPL: Photos: Geoff Kidd: Primula Belarina Series
Harpur: S. nemorosa ‘Lubecca’; Neil Holmes: S. x Osteospermum jucundum. Photolibrary: Rex H. x hybridus [double, plum]. The Garden BELARINA PINK ICE (‘Kerbelpice’). Dorling
sylvestris ‘Blauhügel’. Garden World Images: Butcher: Dactylorhiza foliosa. Science Photo Collection: Nicola Stocken Tomkins: H. x Kindersley: Mark Winwood/Ball Colegrave:
Gilles Delacroix: S. argentea, S. nemorosa Library (SPL): A-Z Botanical Collection: Lychnis hybridus [double, white with spots]. 282 GAP Petunia Easy Wave Series ‘Mystic Pink’. MAP/
‘Caradonna’, S. pratensis ‘Indigo’, S. pratensis viscaria ‘Splendens Plena’. 266 Alamy: The Photos: Jonathan Buckley: Heuchera ‘Silver R Shiell: x Petchoa Supercal Series SUPERCAL
NEON ROSE (‘KAKEGAWA S89’). Unwins Seeds 321 Thompson & Morgan: Platystemon Marianne Majerus: G. ‘Ettrick’, G. ‘Eugen’s Flower Show 2014: D.‘Café au Lait’. Aylett ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ltd: Gomphrena globosa. 304 Garden World californicus. Photos Horticultural: Calendula Allerbester’. Muriel Hodgeman: Eritrichium Nurseries: D.‘White Ballet’. 397 GAP Photos:
Images: Lobularia maritima ‘Rosie O’Day’, officinalis ‘Daisy May’. 322 GAP Photos: Paul nanum. Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: Jonathan Buckley: Dahlia ‘Bishop of Auckland’; 743
Schizanthus ‘Dwarf Bouquet’. Unwins Seeds Debois: Mimulus x hybridus Magic Series ‘Magic Parochetus communis. 373 Eric Crichton J S Sira: D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’; Visions: D.‘Natal’,
Ltd: Iberis umbellata Fairy Series. 306 Dorling Yellow Blotch’. 323 Alamy: CuboImages srl: Photos: Gaultheria procumbens. Garden World D.‘Geerlings Sorbet’; Visions/Elburg Botanic
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/Ball Colegrave: Gazania Daybreak Series ‘Daybreak Bright Images: Hippocrepis comosa, Nertera Media: D. ‘New Dimension’. GardenPhotos.
Calibrachoa Can-Can Series ‘Hot Pink Star’. Yellow’. Garden World Images: Trevor Sims: granadensis. 375 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ com: Graham Rice: D.‘Gallery Art Nouveau’.
Andrew Lawson Photography: T Chugg: Carthamus tinctorius. Photolibrary: J S Sira: botanikfoto: Paronychia kapela subsp.serpyllifolia; Photolibrary: Ron Evans: D.‘Franz Kafka’;
Zinnia elegans Dreamland Series [scarlet]. GAP Lysimachia congestiflora ‘Outback Sunset’. 324 Organica: Arabis procurrens ‘Variegata’. Garden Michael Howes: D.‘Cornel’; Ellen Rooney:
Photos: Rob Whitworth: Antirrhinum majus Alamy: Kevin Wheal Commercial: Gazania Kiss World Images: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ‘Point D.‘Ruskin Charlotte’. Dorling Kindersley: Peter
‘Black Prince’. Garden World Images: Simon Series ‘Kiss Orange Flame’. Garden World Reyes’. 376 Alpine Garden Society: Anderson/National Dahlia Collection:
Keeble: Brassica oleracea Northern Lights Series; Images: Erysimum x marshallii ‘Orange Bedder’. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 377 Fernwood D.‘Carolina Moon’; Mark Winwood/RHS Chelsea
Richard Shiell: Catharanthus roseus Cobra Series 325 Garden World Images: Calendula Nursery: Sempervivum ‘Blood Tip’, S. Flower Show 2014: D.‘Kilburn Rose’, D.‘Otto’s
‘Cobra Burgundy’; L Thomas: Cuphea officinalis Fiesta Gitana Group, Richard Shiell: ‘Gallivarda’, S. ‘Gulle Dame’, S. ‘Kappa’, S. ‘Rosie’, Thrill’, D. ‘Hootenanny’. 398 Alamy: RDE Flora:
‘Firecracker’, Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE ROMEO (‘HS Impatiens Fusion Series FUSION PEACH FROST S. calcareum ‘Extra’. Photolibrary: Frederic D.‘Ellen Huston’. Eric Crichton Photos:
Romeo’). Thompson & Morgan: Cosmos (‘Balfuspeafro’). Dorling Kindersley: Brian Didillon: S. calcareum. 378-379 GAP Photos: D.‘Comet’. GAP Photos: Graham Rice: D. HAPPY
atrosanguineus CHOCAMOCHA. 307 Garden North/Thompson and Morgan: Zinnia Richard Bloom. 379 GAP Photos: Carole Drake SINGLE FIRST LOVE (‘HS First love’). Garden
World Images: Eric Crichton: Nemesia Carnival marylandica Zahara Series ‘Fire’. 326 Garden (ftl); Dianna Jazwinski (tl); Clive Nichols (ftr). World Images: T Jennings: D.‘Bishop of York’.
Mixed. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood, World Images: Lee Thomas: Coreopsis ‘Rum 380 Corbis: Clive Nichols (bl). GAP Photos: P-Pod: D.‘Moonglow’. Photolibrary: Richard
Courtesy of RHS Wisley: Pelargonium ‘Robyn Punch’. 327 Plant Pictures World Wide: (fcla); FhF Greenmedia (fcl); Virginia Grey (cl); Surman: D.‘Alva’s Supreme’.
Hannah’; Mark Winwood/Ball Colegrave: Eschscholzia californica Thai Silk Series. Dorling Geoff Kidd (cla). Getty Images: Wally Eberhart 399 Garden World Images: Pamianthe
Impatiens New Guinea Divine Series. Kindersley: Mark Winwood/Ball Colegrave: (bl/tuber). Marianne Majerus Garden peruviana. Getty: Clive Nichols: Ornithogalum
308 Garden World Images: Tagetes ‘Cinnabar’. Gaillardia x grandiflora Arizona Series. 328-329 Images: Marianne Majerus, Goodnestone Park nutans. Trecanna Nursery: Bellevalia romana.
Photoshot: Alonsoa warscewiczii. 309 Chris GAP Photos: Christina Bollen. 329 GAP Gardens (br). 382 Alamy: MBP-Plants: Fritillaria 400 Alamy: John Glover: Tulipa ‘Shirley’. Eric
Burrows: Pelargonium Horizon Deva Series Photos: Lee Avison (tl). 330 GAP Photos: Elke imperialis ‘Lutea’. Eric Crichton Photos: Crichton Photos: Tulipa ‘Purissima’. GAP
‘Horizon Deva Raspberry Ripple’. Dorling Borkowski (r). 332 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Fritillaria persica. GAP Photos: Sabina Ruber: Photos: Visions: Tulipa ‘Esperanto’. Garden
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: P. Pulsatilla alpina. GAP Photos: John Glover: Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’. Getty: Ron Evans: World Images: Nathalie Pasquel: Tulipa ‘Albert
‘Attar of Roses’. GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss: Cassiope tetragona. 333 Garden World Images: Allium aflatunense. Photolibrary: Chris Heijn’. 401 Dorling Kindersley: Mark
P. Antik Series ANTIK SALMON (‘Tiksal’); Graham Saxifraga ‘Tumbling Waters’. Photolibrary: Burrows: Ornithogalum magnum. 383 Alamy: Winwood/RHS Wisley: ‘Abu Hassan’. GAP
Strong: P. Maverick Series ‘Maverick Star’. Mark Turner: Dodecatheon hendersonii. The Michel Foret: Fritillaria recurva. 384 Alamy: Photos: Visions: Tulipa ‘Negrita’, Tulipa ‘Black
Garden World Images: R Coates: P. Regalia Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: CuboImages srl: Gladiolus ‘Wine and Roses’. Hero’. Alamy: West Country Images: Tulipa
Series ‘Regalia Chocolate’; J Spears: P. BLUE Dodecatheon meadia f. album, Jeffersonia diphylla. GAP Photos: John Glover: G. ‘White Prosperity’; ‘Ballerina’. 403 Alamy: Organica: Ixiolirion
WONDER (‘Pacbla’); L Thomas: P. Bullseye Series 334 Alpine Garden Society: Daphne x Martin Hughes-Jones: G. ‘Impressive’; Visions: tataricum. GAP Photos: Clive Nichols: Anemone
‘Bullseye Salmon’, P. Fireworks Series hendersonii ‘Blackthorn Rose’. Garden World G. ‘Blue Frost’, G. ‘Columbine’, G. ‘Her Majesty’, coronaria De Caen Group ‘Mister Fokker’.
FIREWORKS SCARLET (‘Fiwoscarl’). Images: Omphalodes verna. Photolibrary: G. ‘Morning Gold’, G. ‘Nova Lux’, G. ‘Nymph’, 404 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Narcissus
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows/GPL: P. Decora Harald Lange: Pulsatilla halleri. Dorling G. ‘Oscar’, G. ‘Purple Flora’, G.‘Velvet Eyes’. ‘Fragrant Breeze’. Photoshot: Photos
Series ‘Decora Dark Pink’, P. Horizon Devas Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Malvern Getty: Gerald Majumdar: G. ‘Stella’. Photoshot: Horticultural: N. ‘Mount Hood’. 405 Dorling
Series ‘Horizon Devas Orange Ice’; Andrew Lord/ Flower Show 2014: Aquilegia alpina. 335 Eric Photos Horticultural: G. ‘Sancerre’. 385 Alamy: Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: N.
GPL: P. ‘Evka’. 310 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Crichton Photos: Aurinia saxatilis ‘Variegata’. The National Trust Photolibrary: Cardiocrinum ‘Sir Winston Churchill’, N. ‘Jenny’. 406 Dorling
Heliotropium arborescens. Photolibrary: Photos 337 Clive Nichols: Saxifraga callosa. Garden giganteum. Garden World Images: Watsonia Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Malvern
Lamontagne/GPL: Alternanthera dentata ‘Purple World Images: Hebe vernicosa; Derek Gould: meriana; John Martin: Allium ‘Mount Everest’. Flower Show 2014: Fritillaria pontica. 407
Knight’. GAP Photos: J S Sira: Solenostemon Diascia ICE CRACKER. 338 Garden World Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Alamy: GAP Photos: J S Sira: Triteleia ixioides
scutellarioides ‘Inky Fingers’. L Thomas: Images: Rhodothamnus chamaecistus. The Marianne Majerus, Rita Streitz: Polianthes ‘Starlight’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood
Angelonia angustifolia AngelMist Series Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Oxalis tuberosa. 386 Garden World Images: /RHS Wisley: Ferraria crispa, Stenomesson
‘AngelMist Lavender Stripe’. 311 GAP Photos: tetraphylla. 339 Alpine Garden Society: Notholirion campanulatum, Watsonia borbonica. miniatum, Tulipa orphanidea Whittallii Group.
Christina Bollen: Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series Dianthus carthusianorum. Garden World 387 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: 408 Alamy: Hideo Kurihara: Habenaria radiata.
‘Waterfall Light Lavender’; J S Sira: Petunia Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Crassula Alstroemeria ‘Blushing Bride’. GAP Photos: Eric Crichton Photos: Ornithogalum
Surfinia Series SURFINIA BLUE VEIN (‘Sunsolos’), sarcocaulis. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Howard Rice: Alstroemeria ‘Apollo’, A.‘Moulin thyrsoides. 409 Garden World Images:
Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Winwood/RHS Wisley: Dianthus carthusianorum. Rouge’; Visions: A.INCA ICE (‘Koice’), A.INCA Ornithogalum arabicum. Alamy: Christopher
Solenostemon ‘Chocolate Mint’; T Sims: Dahlia 340 The Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: TROPIC (‘Kotrop’), A.‘Tara’. Garden World Burrows: Calochortus superbus; The Garden
HAPPY SINGLE WINK (‘HS Wink’). The Garden Origanum laevigatum. 342 Alamy: Martin Images: G Harper: A.‘Friendship’; MAP/A Picture Library: Tritonia disticha subsp.
Collection: Liz Eddison: Strobilanthes Hughes-Jones: Phyteuma scheuchzeri. Alpine Descat: A. aurea ‘Orange King’; L Thomas: rubrolucens. GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley:
dyerinanus. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Garden Society: Lithodora oleifolia. Garden A. PRINCESS JULIETA (‘Zaprijul’), A. PRINCESS Allium schubertii. The Garden Collection:
Winwood/Ball Colegrave: Petunia Shock Wave World Images: Convolvulus sabatius. ARIANE (‘Zapriari’). Science Photo Library Jonathan Buckley: Allium neapolitanum Cowanii
Series ‘Denim’, Osteospermum Serenity Series 343 Eric Crichton Photos: Hypericum (SPL): Neil Joy: A.‘Red Beauty’. Viv Marsh: Group. 410 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones:
‘Dark Purple’. 312 GAP Photos: Friedrich olympicum f. uniflorum ‘Citrinum’, Lithodora A. ‘Elvira’. 388 Alamy: Gig Binder: Lilium Crocosmia ‘Severn Sunrise’; Visions Premium:
Strauss: Viola x wittrockiana ‘Sorbet Black diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’. 345 Alamy: National ‘White Heaven’. Andrew Lawson C.x crocosmiiflora ‘Honey Angels’. Marianne
Delight’ (Sorbet Series). Garden Picture Geographic Image Collection: Ononis natrix. Photography: Lilium ‘Arena’, L.‘Sterling Star’. Majerus Garden Images: Andrew Lawson:
Library: Cerinthe major ‘Purpurascens’. Eric Crichton Photos: Helianthemum ‘Ben Garden World Images: L.‘Altari’, L.‘Black C.x crocosmiiflora ‘Star of the East’; Marianne
Garden World Images: Nierembergia More’. 346 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Magic’; G Delacroix: L.‘Altari’. Photolibrary: Majerus: C.x crocosmiiflora ‘George Davison’.
linariifolia ‘Purple Robe’, Pennisetum setaceum Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. Garden World James Guilliam/GPL: L. TRIUMPHATOR Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: C.x crocosmiiflora
‘Rubrum’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Images: Gaultheria cuneata, Ranunculus (‘Zanlophator’). The Garden Collection: Derek ‘Solfatare’. 411 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Winwood/Ball Colegrave: Petunia Frenzy Series calandrinioides. 347 Alpine Garden Society: Harris: L. ‘Nymph’. 389 Alamy: Brian Hoffman: Camassia quamash; J S Sira: Roscoea auriculata,
‘Blue Vein’. 313 GAP Photos: Marcus Harpur: Androsace vandellii. 349 Garden World L.‘Elodie’; The Garden Picture Library: L. Triteleia laxa ‘Koningin Fabiola’. 412 Dorling
Myosotis Sylva Series. Garden World Images: Images: Gilles Delacroix: Leptinella atrata subsp. cernuum. Andrew Lawson Photography: L. Kindersley: RHS Tatton Park: Eucomis bicolor.
Campanula medium ‘Bells of Holland’, Salvia luteola. 351 Garden World Images: Daphne lankongense. GAP Photos: Paul Debois: L. GAP Photos: J S Sira: Ismene x spofforthiae
sclarea var. turkestanica, Trachelium caeruleum; arbuscula, Epigaea gaultherioides. 352 Garden ‘Tigerwoods’; Clive Nichols: L. ‘Miss Lucy’; ‘Sulphur Queen’. Garden World Images:
Trevor Sims: Salvia sclarea var. turkestanica. World Images: Silene acaulis; Dave Bevan: Visions: L. ‘Starfighter’, L. ‘Sweet Lord’. Garden Arisaema griffithii. 413 Photos Horticultural:
Thompson & Morgan: Isotoma Avant-Garde Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica ‘Douler Angevine’. World Images: G. Delacroix: L. ‘Tom Pouce’; Nerine ‘Orion.’ 414 Garden World Images:
Series. 314 Alamy: Anna Yu: Salvia farinacea 354 Garden World Images: Lee Thomas: N Johnson: L. ‘Netty’s Pride’. Dorling Ornithogalum balansae. 415 Alamy: Jacquie
‘Strata’. Garden World Images: Lee Thomas: Aubrieta ‘Greencourt Purple’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood: L. ‘Sumatra’. Jerry Green: Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’.
Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series ‘Waterfall Blue’, Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Malvern Harpur: Cherry Williams: L. ‘Rosita’. International Flower Bulb Centre: Iris
Pericallis Senetti Series SENETTI BLUE BICOLOR Flower Show 2014: Aubrieta ‘Doctor Mules Photolibrary: Sarah Cuttle/GPL: L. ‘Black Out’. ‘Natascha’. 416 Alamy: Elizabeth Whiting &
(‘Sunseneribuba’). 315 Alpine Garden Society: Variegata’. Photos Horticultural: Soldanella 390 Andrew Lawson Photography: L. regale Associates: Allium acuminatum; WoodyStock:
Cynoglossum amabile ‘Firmament’. Garden villosa. 355 Alpine Garden Society: Jancaea ‘Royal Gold’, L. rosthornii. Garden Library: L. Ornithogalum umbellatum. Dorling Kindersley:
World Images: Commelina coelestis, Myosotis heldreichii. Spectrum Photofile: Aubrieta ‘Roma’. Garden World Images: L. ‘Bright Star’, Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Scilla siberica
sylvatica ‘Blue Ball’. 316 Alamy: Christopher ‘Purple Charm’. 356 Alamy: blickwinkel: G Delacroix: ‘Alba’. Garden World Images: Anemone
Burrows: Petunia Surfinia Series SURFINIA LIME Mertensia maritima. Garden World Images: L. ‘Conca d’Or’; Floramedia: L. ‘Boogie Woogie’; tschaernjaewii. 417 Dorling Kindersley: Mark
(‘Keiyeul’). Garden World Images: Gilles Martin Hughes-Jones: Viola cornuta ‘Minor’. John Swithinbank: L. leichtlinii. Photolibrary: Winwood /RHS Wisley: Crocus goulimyi,
Delacroix: Zinnia elegans ‘Envy’. 317 Alamy: 357 GAP Photos: Juliette Wade: Ranunculus Richard Bloom/GPL: L. Citronella Group. ‘Cream Beauty’. Alamy: idp crocus collection:
WILDLIFE GmbH: Begonia ‘Mocha Scarlet.’ ficaria Flore Pleno Group. Garden World 391 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: L. ‘African C.‘Zwanenberg Bronze’. Garden World
Garden World Images: G. Delacroix: Begonia Images: Draba longisiliqua, Draba rigida, Queen’. Andrew Lawson Photography: L. Images: C.‘Blue Bird’,C.‘Eyecatcher’, C.speciosus
‘DRAGON WING RED’ (‘Bepared’), R Shiell: B. Saxifraga x elizabethae. 358 Garden World ‘Crimson Pixie’, L. ‘Karen North’, L. pomponium. ‘Conqueror’. Pat Brindley: C. vernus
Illumination Series ‘Illumination Salmon Pink’, Images: Erysimum helveticum. 360 Alpine GAP Photos: Graham Strong: L. ‘Orange ‘Remembrance’. Photolibrary: Francesca York:
B. Non Stop Series ‘Non-stop White’. The Garden Society: Lewisia rediviva [white form]. Electric’. Garden Library: L. ‘Gran Paradiso’, C.vernus ‘Queen of the Blues’. 418 Alamy: Bob
Garden Collection: Liz Eddison: B. BONFIRE 361 Garden World Images: Alstroemeria L. ‘Red Carpet’. Picturesmiths Ltd: L. ‘Grand Gibbons: Babiana rubrocyanea; J Marshall -
(‘Nzcone’). Dorling Kindersley: Mark hookeri. 362 Alpine Garden Society: Cru’. 392 GAP Photos: Clive Nichols: Allium Tribaleye Images: Sparaxis tricolor. GAP Photos:
Winwood/RHS Malvern Flower Show 2014 : B. Convolvulus althaeoides. 363 Garden World atropurpureum; Clive Nichols, Design: Angel Visions: Iris ‘Pixie’. 420 Garden World Images:
‘Escargot’, B. ‘Benitochiba’. 318 Garden World Images: Dianthus pavonius. 364 Dorling Collins: Allium ‘Gladiator’. Photolibrary: Suzie Tecophilaea cyanocrocusii. 421 Dorling
Images: MAP/Nathalie Pasquel: Perilla ‘Magilla Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Wisley: Gibbons: Allium ‘Globemaster’. 393 Garden Kindersley: Mark Winwood /RHS Wisley:
Vanilla’. Photolibrary: Stephen Henderson: Dianthus ‘Pike’s Pink’, Dianthus alpinus. World Images: Lilium Golden Splendor Group. Ledebouria socialis. Garden World Images:
Setaria macrostachya. 319 Eric Crichton Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Pterocephalus perennis. 394 GAP Photos: Sarah Cuttle: Canna ‘Richard Crocus ‘Blue Pearl’, Hyacinthella leucophaea.
Photos: Argyranthemum ‘Jamaica Primrose’. 365 Alpine Garden Society: Lewisia rediviva Wallace’; Neil Holmes: C. ‘Picasso’. Garden 422 Garden World Images: Dipcadi serotinum.
Garden World Images: Brugmansia x candida [pink form]. 368 Alamy: Brian & Sophia Fuller: World Images: Anthony Baggett: C. ‘Louis Allium narcissiflorum, Cyclamen purpurascens.
‘Grand Marnier’; Lee Thomas: Duranta erecta Pinguicula grandiflora. Alpine Garden Society: Cottin’, C.x ehemanii; Eric Crichton: C. ‘Striata’. 423 Garden World Images: Scilla peruviana.
‘Gold Edge’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Aquilegia jonesii. Eric Crichton Photos: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: Freesia laxa.
Winwood/ Ball Colegrave: Gaillardia x Edraianthus pumilio. 369 Eric Crichton Photos: Marianne Majerus: C. ‘Stuttgart’. Photolibrary: 424 Alamy: Neil Overy: Acis autumnalis.
grandiflora Mesa Series. 320 GAP Photos: Globularia cordifolia. GAP Photos: Neil Holmes: David Cavagnaro: C. ‘Konigin Charlotte’, C. Garden World Images: Chlidanthus fragrans
Friedrich Strauss: Nemesia Sunsatia Series Polygala calcarea ‘Lillet’. Garden World ‘Königin Charlotte’. Reedy Meadow Nursery: 425 Garden World Images: Cyclamen
SUNSATIA MANGO (‘Inupyel’). Photolibrary: Images: Cyananthus microphyllus, Townsendia C.‘Wyoming’. 395 Photolibrary: Mark Bolton/ graecum. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/
Photos Lamontagne/GPL: Xerochrysum grandiflora. 370 GAP Photos: Michael Howes: GPL: Canna ‘Phasion’. Garden World Images: RHS Wisley: Colchicum ‘Waterlily’. 426 Garden
bracteatum Sundaze Series SUNDAZE GOLD Gentiana ‘Inverleith’, G. ‘Shot Silk’. Garden Gladiolus papilio, Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’; Liz Cole: World Images: Cyclamen rohlfsianum. 427
(‘Redbragol’). Thompson & Morgan: Rudbeckia World Images: Jenny Lilly: G. ‘Soutra’; Lee Zantedeschia ‘Cameo.’ 396 GAP Photos: Lucy GAP Photos: Mark Bolton: Galanthus ‘Hill Poë’.
hirta ‘Toto Gold’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Thomas: G. ‘Blue Silk’. The Garden Collection: Griffiths: Dahlia ‘Eveline’. Alamy: Holmes 428 Garden World Images: Galanthus nivalis
Winwood/Ball Colegrave Antirrhinum majus Jonathan Buckley: Gentiana ‘Strathmore’. Garden Photos: D. ‘White Moonlight’. Dorling ‘Sandersii’. Getty: Garden Picture/Photolibrary:
Liberty Classic Series ‘Liberty Yellow’. Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Chelsea Galanthus woronowii. GAP Photos: Richard
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bloom: Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. coum The publishers would like to thank all those who FOURTH EDITION
Pewter Group ‘Maurice Dryden’. 429 Garden generously assisted the photographers and Project Manager Anna Cheifetz
World Images: Lachenalia aloides ‘Nelsonii’, provided plants for photography, in particular Project Designer Anne Fisher
Lachenalia quadricolor 430-431 GAP Photos: the curators, directors and staff of the following Project Editors Polly Boyd, Annelise Evans, Constance Novis,
Fiona Lea. 431 GAP Photos: Pernilla Bergdahl organizations and those private individuals listed Helen Ridge, Jane Simmonds, Jo Whittingham
(tl); Jo Whitworth (tr); Mark Bolton (ftr); S&O (ftl). below. Special thanks are due to those at the Additional Editorial Assistance Poppy Blakiston-Houston, Janashree Singha,
432 GAP Photos: (cra). 435 Garden World Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Royal Tanya Singhal, Nandini Devdutt Tripathy
Images: Caltha leptosepala, Hottonia palustris. Horticultural Society’s Garden, Wisley, for their
Science Photo Library (SPL): Aponogeton invaluable assistance and support. Senior Editor Dawn Titmus
distachyos, Stratiotes aloides. US Editor Karyn Gerhard
436 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Filipendula African Violet Centre, Terrington St Clement,
ulmaria. 437 GAP Photos: Frederic Didillon: Norfolk; Ken Akers, Great Saling, Essex; Jacques Senior Designer Glenda Fisher
Rodgersia sambucifolia. 438 Garden World Amand Ltd, Clamphill, Middx; Anmore Exotics, Jacket Designer Nicola Powling
Images: G. Delacroix: Filipendula rubra; Havant, Hants; David Austin Roses, Albrighton, Jacket Coordinator Lucy Philpott
M Hughes-Jones: Cardamine pratensis. Shrops; Avon Bulbs, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts; Producer, Pre-Production David Almond
Photoshot: Dave Watts: Cardamine raphanifolia. Ayletts Nurseries, St Albans, Herts; Steven Bailey Producer Stephanie McConnell
439 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Lobelia Ltd, Sway, Hants; Bill Baker, Tidmarsh, Berks; Managing Editor Stephanie Farrow
cardinalis. Getty: John & Barbara Gerlach: Batsford Arboretum, Moreton-in-Marsh, Glos; Managing Art Editor Christine Keilty
Sarracenia purpurea. Photolibrary: Claire Booker Seeds, Sleaford, Lincs; Rupert Bowlby, Art Director Maxine Pedliham
Takacs: Iris fulva. 441 Corbis: Frank Lane Reigate, Surrey; Bressingham Gardens, Diss, Publishing Director Mary-Clare Jerram
Picture Agency (FLPA): Winfried Wisniewski: Norfolk; Roy Brooks, Newent, Glos; British
Iris sibirica. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Orchid Growers’ Association; Broadleigh DK INDIA
Myosotis scorpioides ‘Mermaid’. Photoshot: Gardens, Somerset; Burford House Gardens, Manager, Pre-Production Sunil Sharma
Michael Warren: Lobelia siphilitica. Science Tenbury Wells, Shrops; Cambridge Bulbs,
Photo Library (SPL): Pontederia cordata. The Newton, Cambs; Nola Carr, Sydney, Australia; Senior DTP Designer Pushpak Tyagi
Garden Collection: Liz Eddison: Mimulus Beth Chatto Gardens, Colchester, Essex; Chelsea DTP designers Manish Upreti, Anurag Trivedi
ringens. 442 Photolibrary: Ulrich Niehoff: Iris Physic Garden, London; Colegrave Seeds,
versicolor. Biophoto Associates: Potamogeton Banbury, Oxon; County Park Nurseries, THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
crispus. Photolibrary: Fredrik Ehrenstrom: Hornchurch, Essex; Jill Cowley, Chelmsford, RHS Publisher Rae Spencer-Jones
Myriophyllum verticillatum. 443 Garden World Essex; Mrs Anne Dexter, Oxford; Edrom RHS Editor Simon Maughan
Images: Sparganium erectum. 444 Alamy: Arco Nurseries, Coldingham, Berwicks; Dr Jack RHS Consultant Janet Cubey
Images GmbH: Nymphoides peltata. 445 GAP Elliott, Ashford, Kent; Joe Elliott, Broadwell, Head of Editorial Chris Young
Photos: Richard Bloom: Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Glos; Erdigg (National Trust), Clwyd, Wales;
Crawford’. 446-447 GAP Photos: Martin Fibrex Nurseries, Pebworth, Warwicks; Fisk’s FIRST EDITION
Hughes-Jones. 447 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (tl); Clematis Nursery, Westleton, Suffolk; Mr & Senior Editor Jane Aspden
Frederic Didillon (ftr); John Glover (ftl); Jo Mrs Thomas Gibson, Westwell, Oxon; Glasgow Editors Liza Bruml, Joanna Chisholm, Roger Smoothy, Jo Weeks
Whitworth (tr). 448 Alamy Images: Douglas Botanic Garden, Glasgow; ‘Glazenwood’, Additional Editorial Assistance Jane Birdsell, Lynn Bresler, Jenny Engelmann,
Peebles Photography (bl). GAP Photos: Jerry Braintree, Essex. R. Harkness & Co. Ltd, Hitchin, Kate Grant, Shona Grimbly, Susanna Longley, Andrew Mikolajski,
Harpur (r); Visions (cl). 450 Garden World Herts; Harry Hay, Lower Kingswood, Surrey; Diana Miller, Celia Van Oss, Anthony Whitehorn
Images: Bauhinia variegata. Photolibrary: Hazeldene Nurseries, East Farleigh, Kent; Senior Art Editor Ina Stradins
Gerry Whitmont: Brachychiton acerifolius. Hidcote Manor (National Trust), Chipping
452 Garden World Images: Ficus benghalensis. Camden, Glos; Hillier Gardens and Arboretum, Designer Amanda Lunn
453 Garden World Images: Spathodea Romsey, Hants; Hillier Nurseries (Winchester)
campanulata. Photolibrary: Ed Reschke: Ltd, Romsey, Hants; Holly Gate Cactus Nursery, This American Edition, 2019
Calliandra eriophylla. 454 P-Pod: Plectranthus Ashington, Sussex; Hopleys Plants, Much Previous American Editions, 1989, 2002, 2011
fructicosus ‘James’. 455 Garden World Images: Hadham, Herts; Huntingdon Botanical Gardens, Published in the United States by DK Publishing
Epacris impressa; Sam Tran: Medinilla magnifica. San Marino, California; W.E.Th. Ingwersen Ltd, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018
457 Garden World Images: Polygala x East Grinstead, Sussex; the late Clive Innes;
dalmaisiana. 459 Garden World Images: Senna Kelways Nurseries, Langport, Somerset; Copyright © 1989, 2002, 2011, 2019 Dorling Kindersley Limited
corymbosa, Senna didymobotrya. 461 GAP Kiftsgate Court Gardens, Chipping Camden, DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
Photos: Jerry Harpur: Clytostoma callistegioides. Glos; Lechlade Fuchsia Centre, Lechlade, Glos; 19 20 21 22 23 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Photos Horticultural: Agapetes variegata var. The Living Desert, Palm Desert, California; 001–310474–Oct/2019
macrantha. 462 Garden Picture Library: Robin Loder, Leonardslee, Sussex; Los Angeles
Hardenbergia violacea ‘Happy Wanderer’. State and County Arboreta and Botanical All rights reserved.
Garden World Images: Aristolochia littoralis. Gardens, Los Angeles, California; Lotusland Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be
465 Dorling Kindersley: Mark Winwood/RHS Foundation, Santa Barbara, California; McBeans reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any
Wisley: Streptocarpus ‘Crystal Ice’. 467 Alamy: Orchids, Lewes, Sussex; Merrist Wood means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written
CuboImages srl: Paphiopedilum armeniacum. Agricultural College, Worplesdon, Surrey;
Garden World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Mrs J.F. Phillips, Westwell, Oxon; Mr & Mrs permission of the copyright owner.
Phragmipedium besseae. Photolibrary: Paroli Richard Purdon, Ramsden, Oxon; Ramparts Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Galperti: Paphiopedilum rothschildianum. Nurseries, Colchester, Essex; Ratcliffe Orchids,
469 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Tradescantia zebrina. Didcot, Oxon; Mrs Joyce Robinson, Denmans, A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Garden World Images: Achimenes ‘Little Fontwell, Sussex; Peter Q. Rose, Castle Cary, ISBN: 978-1-4654-8503-8
Beauty’. 470 Garden World Images: Russelia Somerset; Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh;
equisetiformis, Sinningia ‘Switzerland’; Gilles Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey; Royal Printed and bound in China
Delacroix: Russelia equisetiformis. 471 Alamy: Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia; Royal
CuboImages srl: Episcia cupreata. 472 Bleddyn National Rose Society, St Albans, Herts; Royal A WORLD OF IDEAS:
Wynn Jones: Peliosanthes arisanensis. Dibleys Horticultural Society’s Garden, Wisley, Surrey. SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
Nurseries: Saintpaulia ‘Falling Raindrops’, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara,
Saintpaulia ‘Powder Keg’. Garden World California; Savill Garden, Windsor, Berks; Mr & www.dk.com
Images: Browallia speciosa. 473 Alamy: Steffen Mrs K. Schoenenberger, Shipton-under-
Hauser/botanikfoto: Hemigraphis repanda. Wychwood, Oxon; Mrs Martin Simmons,
GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie: Streptocarpus Burghclere, Berks; Dr James Smart, Barnstaple,
‘Amanda’. Dorling Kindersley: Mark Devon; Arthur Smith, Wigston, Leics; P.J. Smith,
Winwood/RHS Wisley: Streptocarpus ‘Bethan’. Ashington, Sussex; Springfields Gardens,
474 Photolibrary: Georgianna Lane: Asparagus Spalding, Lincs; Staite & Sons, Evesham, Worcs;
densiflorus. 476 Garden World Images: Stapeley Water Gardens, Nantwich, Cheshire;
Impatiens repens. 477 Alamy: Christopher Strybing Arboreta Society of Golden Gate Park,
Burrows: Roscoea scillifolia; Tim Gainey: Costus San Francisco, California; David Stuart, Dunbar,
speciosus; Inga Spence: Curcuma petiolata. East Lothian; Suffolk Herbs, Sudbury, Suffolk;
Bleddyn Wynn Jones: Hedychium stenopetalum. University Botanic Garden, Cambridge;
Dave Skinner: Alpinia hainanensis, University of British Columbia Botanical Garden,
Cornukaempferia aurantiflora ‘Jungle Gold’, Vancouver; University of California Arboretum,
Curcuma zedoaria, Hedychium thyrsiforme. Davis, California; University of California
GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Hedychium Arboretum, Santa Cruz, California; University
yunnanense. Marianne Majerus Garden of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley,
Images: Marianne Majerus: Hedychium California; University of California Botanical
maximum. 478 Garden World Images: Gardens, Los Angeles, California; University
Aeschynanthus speciosus. 482 Dorling of Reading Botanic Garden, Reading, Berks;
Kindersley: Mark Winwood/Lullingstone Unwins Seeds Ltd, Histon, Cambridge; Jack
Castle, Kent: Agave geminiflora, A. stricta. Vass, Haywards Heath, Sussex; Rosemary Verey,
Alamy: John Glover: A. americana ‘Marginata’. Barnsley, Glos; Vesutor Air Plants, Ashington,
Roy Mottram: A. macroacantha, A. parrasana. Sussex; Wakehurst Place (Royal Botanic
483 Garden World Images: J Lilly: Rebutia Gardens, Kew), Ardingly, Sussex; Primrose
‘Carnival.’ 484 Roy Mottram: Rebutia ‘Jenny’. Warburg, Oxford; Waterperry Gardens,
485 Alamy: GFC Collection: Frithia pulchra. Wheatley, Oxon; Westonbirt Arboretum,
486 Photolibrary: Harald Lange: Adenium Westonbirt, Glos; Woolman’s Nurseries,
obesum. 488 Garden World Images: Dorridge, West Midlands; Wyld Court Orchids,
Schlumbergera ‘Bristol Beauty’. 490 Garden Newbury, Berks; Eric Young Orchid Foundation,
World Images: Kalanchoe tomentosa. 493 Roy Jersey, Channel Islands.
Mottram: Aloe hemmingii. 494 Alamy:
744 shapencolour: Mammillaria elongata.
496 Alamy: John Glover: Kalanchoe delagoensis.
All other images © Dorling Kindersley
www.dkimages.com
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Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers by Christopher Brickell (book-drive.com)
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