OSMUNDA
at tips and 4in (10cm) long, in summer O. montanum illus. p.415. O. chimboracensis. Tufted, rhizomatous toothed. Produces tubular, 4-lobed, white O
on fully mature plants. Z10–11 (min. O. narbonense illus. p.408. perennial. H 2ft (60cm) in flower, S 6in flowers in fall, followed by egg-shaped,
41°F/5°C) O. nutans illus. p.399. (15cm). Has very narrow, grasslike, ribbed, dark violet fruits. Z8–10
O. oligophyllum of gardens. See stiff leaves, to 11⁄2ft (45cm) long, with finely O. x burkwoodii, syn. x Osmarea
ORIGANUM O. balansae. toothed margins. In summer, bears clusters burkwoodii, illus. p.110.
O. saundersiae. Summer-flowering bulb. of short-lived, long-stalked, shallowly O. decorus, syn. Phillyrea decora.
Marjoram, Oregano H to 3ft (1m), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces bowl-shaped, lavender-blue flowers, each Evergreen, upright, rounded, dense shrub.
a basal cluster of strap- or lance-shaped, enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts. Z9–11 H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has large, oblong,
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE semierect, dark green, sometimes grayish- glossy, dark green leaves. Bears tubular,
green leaves. Stem bears a flat-topped ORYCHOPHRAGMUS 4-lobed, white flowers in mid-spring, then
Genus of deciduous and evergreen head of erect, cup-shaped, white or cream egg-shaped, blackish-purple fruits. Z6–8
subshrubs and herbaceous perennials, flowers, each with a blackish-green ovary BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE O. delavayi, syn. Siphonosmanthus
sometimes with overwintering leaf forming a dark eye. Z10–11 delavayi, illus. p.110.
rosettes. Some species are grown as O. thyrsoides (Chincherinchee) illus. Genus of late spring- to summer-flowering O. forrestii. See O. yunnanensis.
culinary herbs, others for their clusters of p.408. annuals, grown for their cross-shaped O. fragrans (Fragrant olive). Evergreen,
tubular, usually pink flowers. Most species O. umbellatum illus. p.416. flowers with 4-clawed, violet petals. Half upright shrub or tree. H and S 20ft (6m).
have arching, prostrate stems and are hardy. Grow in sun and in fertile, well- Very fragrant, tubular, 4-lobed, white
useful for trailing over rocks, banks, and Orobus vernus. See Lathyrus vernus. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. flowers are borne amid oblong, glossy,
walls. Fully to frost hardy. Prefers sun O. violaceus. Moderately fast-growing, dark green leaves early to late summer,
and well-drained, alkaline soil. Propagate ORONTIUM upright annual or biennial. H 1–2ft followed by ovoid, blue-black fruits.
by division in spring, by cuttings of non- (30–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has branching Suitable only for very mild areas. Z9–11.
flowering shoots in early summer, or by Golden club stems with thin, finely divided, pale green, f. aurantiacus has orange flowers.
seed in fall or spring. basal leaves and smaller, pointed-ovate, O. heterophyllus. Evergreen dense,
O. amanum. Deciduous, rounded, ARACEAE pale green, stem-clasping leaves. Bears mounded shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Has
compact subshrub. H and S 6–8in (15– heads of 4-petaled, purple-blue flowers in hollylike, sharply toothed, glossy, dark
20cm). Open funnel-shaped, pale pink or Genus of one species of deciduous, late spring and early summer. Z10–11 green leaves, often spineless on mature
white flowers are borne all summer above perennial, deep-water plant, grown for plants. Produces small clusters of fragrant,
small, heart-shaped, pale green leaves. its floating foliage and flower spikes. OSBECKIA tubular, 4-lobed, white flowers from
A good alpine house plant; dislikes a damp Fully hardy. Needs full sun. Remove faded late summer to fall, followed by
atmosphere. Z5–9 flower spikes. Propagate by sowing seed, MELASTOMATACEAE ovoid, blue-black fruit. Z7–9.
O. dictamnus (Cretan dittany). Prostrate as soon as ripe, in midsummer. Divide ‘Argenteomarginatus’ see. O.h.
perennial. H 5–6in (12–15cm), S 40cm rhizomes in spring. Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering ‘Variegatus’. ‘Aureomarginatus’ illus.
(16in). Arching stems are clothed in O. aquaticum (Golden club) illus. p.444. perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown p.119. ‘Goshiki’, H and S 6ft (2m), has
rounded, aromatic, hairy, gray-white for their flowers and foliage. Frost tender. pinkish bronze leaves when young,
leaves. Produces pendent heads of open OROSTACHYS Needs full light or partial shade and humus- changing to creamy yellow marbled with
funnel-shaped, purplish-pink flowers in rich, well-drained soil. Water potted plants gray-green, finally turning dark green
summer. Z9–11 CRASSULACEAE freely when in full growth, moderately at flecked with cream and gray. ‘Gulftide’,
O. ‘Kent Beauty’ illus. p.339. other times. Cut back flowered stems by at H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m), is compact, with
O. laevigatum illus. p.340. Genus of short-lived, basal-rosetted, least half in early spring to maintain vigor very spiny leaves. ‘Variegatus’ (syn. O.h.
O. rotundifolium. Deciduous, prostrate perennial succulents with very fleshy, and to produce large flower trusses. ‘Argenteomarginatus’), H and S 8ft (2.5m),
subshrub. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 1ft (30cm). sword-shaped leaves. Produces flowers Propagate by seed in spring or by is compact, with gray-green leaves,
Throughout summer bears whorls of 3 years from sowing seed, then dies. greenwood cuttings in summer. margined creamy white.
pendent, funnel-shaped, pale pink flowers, Fully hardy to frost tender. Requires sun O. stellata. Evergreen, rounded, stiff- O. yunnanensis, syn. O. forrestii.
surrounded by yellow-green bracts. Has and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has Evergreen, treelike, upright, then
small, rounded, mid-green leaves. Z5–9 or division in spring or summer. narrowly ovate, hairy, prominently veined spreading shrub. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
O. vulgare (Wild marjoram). Mat- O. spinosus. Clump-forming, perennial leaves. Produces terminal clusters of large, oblong, glossy, bright green leaves,
forming, woody-based perennial. succulent. H to 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). 4-petaled, rose-purple flowers in late bronze when young. Produces tubular,
H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has ovate, Produces compact rosettes of narrowly summer. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C) 4-lobed, creamy-white flowers in clusters
aromatic, dark green leaves, above oblong, spine-tipped, gray-green leaves, in late winter or early spring. Z8–10
which branched, wiry stems bear clusters to 1¼in (3cm) long. Dense, cylindrical OSCULARIA
of tiny, 2-lipped, tubular, mauve flowers racemes, to 8in (20cm) long, of star- x Osmarea burkwoodii.
in summer. Z4–10. ‘Aureum’ illus. p.274. shaped, yellow to white flowers, ½–¾in AIZOCEACE See Osmanthus x burkwoodii.
‘Compactum, (1–2cm) across, with protruding yellow
H to 6in (15cm), S to 1ft (30cm), is dense, stamens, are borne in summer. Z6–9 Genus of spreading, sometimes erect, Osmaronia. See Oemleria.
compact, and dome-forming, with smaller subshrubby perennial succulents with
leaves, to 3⁄4in (2cm) long. OROYA daisylike, white to pink flowers, and OSMUNDA 651
usually angular, fleshy, grayish-green
ORNITHOGALUM CACTACEAE leaves. Frost hardy to frost tender. Use OSMUNDACEAE
for summer bedding or as potted plants.
Star-of-Bethlehem Genus of spherical, perennial cacti with With age becomes woody. Requires full Genus of deciduous ferns. Fully hardy
flowers borne in summer. Inner flower sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate to frost hardy. Requires shade, except
HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE petals form a tube and outer ones open by seed or stem cuttings in spring or fall. for O. regalis, which also tolerates sun.
fully. Frost tender. Needs a sunny, well- O. deltoides, syn. Lampranthus deltoides, O. cinnamomea and O. claytoniana need
Genus of bulbs, grown for their mostly drained site. Propagate by seed in spring illus. p.485. moist soil; O. regalis does best in very
star-shaped, white flowers, usually backed or summer. wet conditions. Remove fading fronds
with green. Fully hardy to frost tender. O. neoperuviana. See O. peruviana. OSMANTHUS regularly. Propagate by division in fall
Needs sun or partial shade and well- O. peruviana, syn. O. neoperuviana, or winter, or by spores as soon as ripe.
drained soil. Smaller species are suitable illus. p.486. OLEACEAE O. cinnamomea (Cinnamon fern).
for a rock garden; taller ones for a Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
herbaceous border. Lift and dry tender Orphanidesia. See Epigaea. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Outer, lance-shaped, divided, pale green
species for winter, if grown outside in grown for their foliage and small, usually sterile fronds, with deeply cut pinnae,
summer, and replant in spring. Propagate ORTHROSANTHUS fragrant flowers. O. x burkwoodii, surround brown fertile fronds, all arising
by seed or offsets, in fall for spring- O. delavayi, and O. heterophyllus may be from a fibrous rootstock. Z3–9
flowering plants, in spring for summer- IRIDACEAE used for hedging. Fully hardy to frost O. claytoniana (Interrupted fern).
flowering ones. tHandle carefuly as tender. Tolerates sun or shade and fertile, Deciduous fern. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
all parts may cause severe discomfort if Genus of perennials with short, woody well-drained soil. Restrict growth by Has lance-shaped, pale green fronds,
ingested; the sap may irritate skin. rhizomes, grown for their blue flowers, cutting back after flowering; trim hedges divided into oblong, blunt pinnae; outer
O. arabicum illus. p.409. borne on slender, erect stalks. Flowers in midsummer. Propagate by semiripe sterile fronds are larger than fertile ones
O. balansae, syn. O. oligophyllum are short-lived, but open in succession cuttings in summer. at center of plant. Z3–9
of gardens, illus. p.414. for 2 weeks or more from late spring to O. armatus. Evergreen, bushy, dense O. regalis (Royal fern) illus. p.443.
O. lanceolatum illus. p.415. summer. Frost hardy to frost tender. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong,
O. magnum illus. p.382. Prefers sun and well-drained soil. dark green leaves are rigid and sharply
Propagate by division or seed in spring.
OSTEOMELES
OSTEOMELES and fade to soft peach with a hint of purple flowers are borne in late spring. H4 funnel-shaped, rose-purple flower, 2–3cm
at the base. O. magellanica. See O. ruellioides. (3⁄4–11⁄4in) across, with a yellow center.
ROSACEAE O. Sunny Series ‘Sunny Marina’ O. microphylla illus. p.362. Z9–11
illus. p.301. O. ruellioides, syn. O. magellanica. O. inops. See O. depressa.
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen O. Voltage White (‘Balvowhite’) illus. Evergreen, scandent perennial. H 11⁄2in O. ‘Ione Hecker’. Tuft-forming,
or evergreen, summer-flowering shrubs, p.300. Voltage YelloW (‘Balvoyelo’) is a (4cm), S to 6in (15cm). In summer, rhizomatous perennial. H 5cm (2in),
grown for their habit, foliage, and flowers. compact, branching perennial. H 12–16in produces tubular, scarlet flowers above S 5–8cm (2–3in). Grey leaves are composed
Frost hardy. In most areas plant against a (30–40cm), S 24–28in (60–70cm). From late broadly heart-shaped, mid-green leaves. H4 of narrowly oblong, wavy leaflets. In
sunny south- or west-facing wall in fertile, spring to fall, produces daisylike, bright summer, bears funnel-shaped, pale purple-
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe yellow flower heads above inversely lance- OXALIS blue flowers, 4cm (11⁄2in) across, with
cuttings in summer. shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. Z9–11 darker veins. H4
O. schweriniae illus. p.129. O. ‘Whirlygig’ illus. p.298. OXALIDACEAE O. laciniata. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 5cm (2in), S 5–8cm (2–3in).
O OSTEOSPERMUM OSTROWSKIA Genus of tuberous, rhizomatous, bulbous Has blue-gray leaves with narrowly
or fibrous-rooted annuals and perennials, oblong, crinkly-edged leaflets. In summer,
652 ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE CAMPANULACEAE grown for their vibrant flowers, which in bears wide funnel-shaped, steel-blue
bud are rolled like an umbrella. Their often flowers, 4cm (11⁄2) across, with darker
Genus of evergreen subshrubs, perennials, Genus of one species of summer-flowering attractive, cloverlike leaves are mostly veins. H4
and annuals, grown for their small, perennial. Borderline fully hardy. Prefers a less than 3⁄4in (2cm) across and divided into O. perdicaria illus. p.371.
daisylike, usually white, pink, or yellow warm, sunny situation and rich, moist but 3 or more leaflets. Some species may be O. purpurata var. bowiei. See O.
flower heads, sometimes with disk florets well-drained soil. May be difficult to grow invasive; smaller species and cultivars are bowiei.
in a contrasting color. Borderline fully because it requires a resting period after suitable for a rock garden. Fully hardy to O. spiralis subsp. vulcanicola.
hardy to frost tender; does best in warm flowering, so cover with a frame until late frost tender. Needs full sun or partial Evergreen subshrub. H and S 30cm (12in).
areas. Half hardy perennials and subshrubs fall to keep dry. Propagate by seed in fall shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by Succulent, red stems bear cloverlike,
are best grown as annuals. Needs sun and or spring. division in early spring or fall. 3-lobed leaves in shades of reddish-yellow
well-drained soil. Propagate by cuttings O. magnifica. Erect perennial. H 5ft O. acetosella (Wood sorrel). Creeping, to dark or mid-green. Widely funnel-
of non-flowering shoots in midsummer. (1.5m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). From early to spring-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. shaped, yellow flowers, 1.5cm (5⁄8in)
O. barberae of gardens. See midsummer, bears very large, bell-shaped H 2in (5cm), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Forms across, are borne in clusters from spring
O. jucundum. flowers, delicate light blue-purple, veined mats of cloverlike, 3-lobed leaves. Delicate to fall. Often used in summer bedding or
O. ‘Blue Streak’, syn. O. ecklonis ‘Blue with darker purple. Produces whorls of stems bear cup-shaped, white flowers, hanging baskets. Z9–11
Streak’. Evergreen, upright perennial. ovate, blue-gray leaves. H4 each 1⁄2in (1cm) across with 5 purple- O. tetraphylla, syn. O. deppei, illus.
H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). From summer to fall, veined petals. Prefers partial shade. H4. p.338.
daisylike flower heads, with dark slate- OSTRYA var. purpurascens see O.a. var. O. vulcanicola. See O. spiralis subsp.
blue centers and white ray florets, blue subpurpurascens. var. subpurpurascens, vulcanicola.
on the reverse, are borne above lance- BETULACEAE syn. O.a. var. purpurascens, illus. p.352.
shaped, gray-green leaves. Z9–11 O. adenophylla illus. p.352. OXYDENDRUM
O. ‘Buttermilk’ illus. p.319. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for O. bowiei, syn. O. purpurata var. bowiei.
O. ‘Cannington Roy’. Evergreen, their foliage, catkins, and fruits. Excellent Spring- to summer-flowering, tuberous ERICACEAE
densely spreading subshrub. H 1ft (30cm), specimen trees for a woodland garden. perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Bears a profusion of large, Fully hardy. Needs sun or partial shade Has long-stalked, cloverlike, 3-lobed Genus of one species of deciduous large
daisylike, pink flower heads, with darker and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate leaves. Stems each produce a loose head of shrub or small tree, grown for its flowers
eyes, from summer to fall. Leaves are by seed in fall. 3–10 widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple and spectacular fall color. Fully hardy. For
linear and mid-green. Z9–11 O. carpinifolia (Hop hornbeam). flowers, 11⁄4–11⁄2in (3–4cm) across. Needs a good coloring, plant in an open position in
O. ecklonis. Evergreen, upright or Deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 50ft sheltered, sunny site. H4 sun or partial shade. Needs moist, acid
somewhat scandent perennial. H and (15m). Has gray bark and ovate, glossy, O. chrysantha. See O. conorrhiza. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). From summer to fall, dark green leaves that turn yellow in fall. O. conorrhiza, syn. O. chrysantha. summer or by seed in fall.
daisylike, white flower heads, with dark Yellow catkins in mid-spring are followed Creeping, fibrous-rooted perennial. H 11⁄2– O. arboreum (Sorrel tree) illus. p.76.
blue centers, are borne singly above by hoplike, greenish-white fruit clusters 2in (4–5cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). Forms
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Z9–11. that become brown in fall. H6 mats of cloverlike, 3-lobed leaves. Stems Oxypetalum caeruleum.
‘Blue Streak’ see O. ‘Blue Streak’. O. virginiana (American hop hornbeam, bear a funnel-shaped, bright yellow flower, See Tweedia caerulea.
O. jucundum, syn. Dimorphotheca Ironwood) illus. p.72. 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) across, in summer. Needs
barberae of gardens, O. barberae of a sheltered site. H4 OZOTHAMNUS
gardens, illus. p.265. Othonna cheirifolia. See Hertia O. deppei. See O. tetraphylla.
O. ‘Nairobi Purple’. Evergreen, cheirifolia. O. depressa, syn. O. inops, illus. p.364. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
semiprostrate perennial. H 1ft (30cm), O. enneaphylla (Scurvy grass). Tuft-
S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Has fresh green, lance- Othonnopsis cheirifolia. See Hertia forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3in Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shaped leaves. Daisylike, velvety, deep cheirifolia. (5–7cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Gray-green shrubs and woody-based perennials,
purple-red flower heads, with darker leaves are divided into narrowly oblong grown for their foliage and small, densely
streaks on outside of ray petals, are borne OURISIA to ovate leaflets. In summer, stems bear clustered flower heads. Borderline fully to
in summer. Will not flower freely in rich widely funnel-shaped lilac-pink or white half hardy. Requires full sun and well-
soils. Z9–11 PLANTAGINACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE flowers, 11⁄4–11⁄2in (3–4cm) across. H4. drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
O. Serenity Series. Vigorous, compact, ‘Minutifolia’, H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm), cuttings in summer.
branching perennials. H 10–14in (25–35cm), Genus of evergreen or semievergreen has a more compact habit, with much O. coralloides, syn. Helichrysum
S 14–20in (35–50cm). Mid-green leaves perennials with creeping rootstocks, smaller leaflets, to 1⁄2in (1cm) long, and coralloides, illus. p.347.
are inversely lance-shaped and sparsely grown for their flowers. Excellent for peat white flowers. ‘Rosea’ has light purple- O. ledifolius, syn. Helichrysum ledifolium
toothed. From late spring to early fall, beds and walls. Fully hardy. Needs shade pink flowers. (erosene bush), illus. p.151.
produces daisylike flower heads, to 3in and moist, peaty soil. Propagate by O. hedysaroides. Semievergreen, bushy O. rosmarinifolius, syn. Helichrysum
(8cm) across, in a wide range of colors, division or seed in spring. subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). rosmarinifolium. Compact, upright shrub.
including white, pink, yellow, salmon- O. caespitosa illus. p.360. Stems have cloverlike, green leaves with H 2–3m (6–10ft), S 1.5m (5ft). Produces
orange, red, bronze, lavender-purple, O. coccinea illus. p.269. 3 elliptical leaflets, the central leaflet on rosemarylike, linear, dark green leaves,
and deep purple, sometimes with O. ‘Loch Ewe’. Vigorous, evergreen, a stalk. Leaf axils bear clusters of widely to 4cm (11⁄2iin) long, woolly beneath, the
contrastingdisk-florets; the ray-florets rosetted perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 3⁄4–11⁄4in margins curved under. Fragrant white
of some cultivars change shades as they Prostrate stems have heart-shaped, (2–3cm) across, in spring-summer. Z10–11 flower heads, 4mm (1⁄8in) across, red in
age. Z9–11. ‘Blue Eyed Beauty’ has leathery, green leaves. Produces dense O. hirta. Late summer-flowering, bud, are borne in dense, terminal corymbs,
flower heads with bright yellow ray- spikes of outward-facing, tubular, salmon- tuberous perennial. H 1ft (30cm), 4cm (11⁄2in) across, in early summer. H4
florets with purple bands at the base pink flowers in late spring and early S 4–6in (10–15cm). Stem bears scattered O. selago, syn. Helichrysum selago,
and blue disk-florets. ‘Dark Purple’ summer. H4 leaves, with 3 narrowly lance-shaped illus. p.347.
illus. p311. ‘Peach Magic’ has flower O. macrocarpa. Vigorous, evergreen, leaflets. Leaf axils each produce a widely
heads with ray-florets that open yellow prostrate perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in
(20cm). Produces rosettes of heart-shaped,
leathery, dark green leaves. Spikes of open
cup-shaped, yellow-centered, white
PAEONIA
PQ salverform, pink, white, sometimes red- 3 years to germinate), tuberous species P. cambessedesii (Majorcan peony; illus. P
striped or red, flowers near the stem tips by root cuttings in winter, tree peonies p.228). Clump-forming perennial. H and Q
PACHYCEREUS in summer. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) by semiripe cuttings in late summer, or by S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has especially attractive
grafting in winter. Perennials may also be foliage, dark green above with veins, 653
CACTACEAE PACHYSANDRA propagated by division in fall or early stalks and undersurfaces suffused purple-
spring. Prone to peony wilt. tAll parts red. Single, deep rose-pink flowers are
Genus of slow-growing, columnar, BUXACEAE can cause mild stomach upset if ingested. borne in mid-spring. Z9–11
perennial cacti, branching with age. See also feature panel pp.228–229. P. ‘Cheddar Cheese’. See P. lactiflora
The funnel-shaped flowers are unlikely Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, ‘Cheddar Cheese’.
to be borne in cultivation, as they develop creeping perennials and subshrubs, Flower forms P. ‘Cheddar Gold’. See P. lactiflora
only on plants over 10ft (3m) high. Frost grown for their tufted foliage. Useful Unless stated otherwise, peonies described ‘Cheddar Gold’.
tender. Requires sun and well-drained soil. for ground-cover. Fully hardy. Tolerates below flower between late spring and early P. ‘Chocolate Soldier’. Clump-forming
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. dense shade and grows in any but very to midsummer and have large, alternate perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has mid- to
P. marginatus, syn. Marginatocereus dry soil. Propagate by division in spring. leaves divided into ovate to lance-shaped dark green leaves that are often tinged
marginatus, Stenocereus marginatus P. terminalis illus. p.375. ‘Green or linear leaflets. Flowers are single, bronze-red when young. Semidouble,
(Organ-pipe cactus), illus. p.494. Sheen’, H 8in (20cm), S indefinite, is a semidouble, double, or anemone-form. deep purple-red flowers, with golden
P. pecten-aboriginum. Columnar, compact, slow-growing, evergreen stamens, are borne in early summer. Z7–10
perennial cactus. H 25ft (8m), S 10ft (3m). shrublet. Has clusters of striking, glossy, Single—flowers are mostly cup-shaped, P. ‘Claire de Lune’ (illus. p.229).
Dark green stems bear 10–11 deep ribs. coarsely toothed, dark green leaves, at with 1 or 2 rows of large, often lightly Clump-forming perennial. H and S 28–32in
Each areole has 8–9 radial spines, 1⁄2in the ends of short stems. Bears tiny, white ruffled, incurving petals and a conspicuous (70–80cm). In mid-spring, single, pale
(1cm) long, and 1–2 longer central spines. flowers in small spikes, in early summer. central boss of stamens. yellow flowers, each with a central
Red-based, dark brown spines fade to Z5–9. ‘Variegata’, H 10in (25cm), S to 2ft Semidouble—flowers are similar to boss of golden stamens, are borne in
gray. In summer, bears night- and day- (60cm), is spreading, with diamond- single ones, but have 2 or 3 rows of petals. pairs. Z7–10
blooming, funnel-shaped white flowers, shaped, cream-variegated leaves. Flowers Double—flowers are rounded, usually P. ‘Coral Charm’ (illus. p.228). Clump-
with greenish-red outer petals. Z11–12 are sometimes flushed purple. composed of 1 or 2 outer rows of large, forming perennial. H and S 28in (70cm).
(min. 50°F/10°C) often lightly ruffled, incurving petals, the Has large, divided, dark green leaves.
P. pringlei illus. p.483. PACHYSTACHYS remaining petals being smaller, usually Bears semidouble, peach-pink flowers,
P. schottii, syn. Lophocereus schottii, becoming more densely arranged and opening from darker buds, in late spring
illus. p.493. ‘Monstrosus’ is a columnar, ACANTHACEAE diminishing in size toward the center. or early summer. Z7–10
perennial cactus. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Stamens are few, inconspicuous, or absent. P. ‘Coral Fay’. Clump-forming perennial
Irregular, olive- to dark green stems Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, Anemone-form (Imperial or Japanese)— forming a rather spreading dome. H and
have 4–9 ribs and no spines. Produces grown for their flowers. Frost tender. Needs flowers usually have 1 or 2 rows of broad, S 32–36in (80–90cm). Semidouble, pink-
funnel-shaped, pink, red, or white flowers, partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. incurving, outer petals; the center of the tinged, rich crimson flowers are paler
11⁄4in (3cm) across, at night in summer. Water containerized plants freely when flower is often filled entirely with numerous toward the petal bases; stamens are
Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) in full growth, moderately at other times. densely arranged, sometimes deeply cut, golden-yellow. Z7–10
Cut back flowered stems in late winter to narrow petaloids derived from stamens. P. corallina. See P. mascula subsp.
PACHYPHRAGMA maintain a bushy habit. Propagate by mascula.
greenwood cuttings in P. ‘Alice Harding’. See P. x lemoinei P. ‘Cora Louise’ (Itoh hybrid). Clump-
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE early summer. Whitefly and red spider ‘Alice Harding’. forming, free-flowering hybrid of
mite may cause problems. P. anomala subsp. veitchii, syn. P. veitchii perennial and tree peony. H 24–32in
Genus of one species of semievergreen, P. cardinalis. See P. coccinea. (illus. p.229). Clump-forming perennial. (60–80cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears large,
rhizomatous perennial, grown for P. coccinea, syn. Jacobinia coccinea, H and S to 30in (75cm). Has shiny, divided, scented, semidouble, white flowers with
groundcover and flowers. Fully hardy. Justicia coccinea, P. cardinalis (Cardinal’s bright green leaves and produces nodding, petals marked purplish at the bases. Z7–10
Needs moist, fertile, leafy soil in partial guard). Evergreen, erect, robust shrub. cup-shaped, single, purple-pink flowers in P. ‘Cornelia Shaylor’. See P. lactiflora
shade; good for planting beneath trees H to 6ft (2m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Leaves late spring and early summer. Z7–10 ‘Cornelia Shaylor’.
and deciduous shrubs. Propagate by seed are ovate and deep green. Bears tubular, P. ‘Argosy’. See P. x lemoinei ‘Argosy’. P. daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii.
in fall or by division in spring. bright red flowers in tight, green-bracted P. arietina, syn. P. mascula subsp. arietina. See P. mlokosewitschii. subsp.
P. macrophyllum, syn. Thlaspi spikes, 6in (15cm) long, in winter. Z11–12 Tuberous perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). wittmanniana see P. wittmanniana.
macrophyllym, illus. p.255. (min. 55°F/13°C; min. 59–64°F/15–18°C to Dark green foliage, often with lobed P. decora. See P. peregrina.
flower well) leaflets, is paler and hairy beneath; stems P. ‘Defender’. Clump-forming, vigorous
PACHYPHYTUM P. lutea (Lollipop plant) illus. p.459. are dark red. Bears single, cup-shaped, perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Single,
reddish-pink flowers in late spring. Seed satiny crimson flowers, to 6in (15cm)
CRASSULACEAE x PACHYVERIA capsules of 2–5 boat-shaped sections split across, with a central boss of golden
to reveal purplish-black seeds. Z7–10 anthers, are borne on strong stems. Z7–10
Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents, CRASSULACEAE P. ‘Avant Garde’. Clump-forming P. delavayi (Tree peony) illus. p.136.
closely related to Echeveria, with which perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has luxuriant var. angustiloba is a deciduous, upright,
it hybridizes. Frost tender. Needs sun and Hybrid genus (Echeveria x Pachyphytum) foliage. Medium-sized to large, fragrant, open, suckering shrub or subshrub (tree
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, or of clump-forming, rosetted, perennial single flowers are pale rose-pink with peony). H and S to 3ft (1m). Leaves are
leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer. succulents, sometimes almost stemless. darker veins and bright golden anthers deeply divided into pointed-ovate leaflets,
P. compactum illus. p.491. Frost tender. Requires full sun or partial that have yellow-red filaments. Flowers often with reddish stalks. In late spring,
P. oviferum (Moonstones, Sugar almond- shade and very well-drained soil. Propagate are borne on stiff, straight stems in mid- bears small, bowl-shaped, red, red-purple,
plum) illus. p.490. by leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer. spring and are ideal for cutting. Z7–10 yellow, orange, or white flowers, with
x P. glauca, syn. Echeveria x fruticosa, P. ‘Bartzella’ (Itoh hybrid; illus. p.229). conspicuous, leafy bracts beneath. Z7–10.
PACHYPODIUM illus. p.490. Clump-forming, free-flowering hybrid var. angustiloba f. alba (syn.
between a herbaceous perennial and a tree P. potaninii f. alba) has white flowers.
APOCYNACEAE PAEONIA peony. H and S 3ft (90cm). In early summer, var. angustiloba f. angustifolia (syn.
produces large, scented, double, lemon- P. potaninii) produces dark red, red, or
Genus of bushy or treelike, perennial Peony yellow flowers, marked with red. Z7–10 reddish-purple flowers. var. angustiloba
succulents, mostly with swollen stems, P. ‘Bowl of Beauty’ (illus. p.228). Clump- f. trollioides (syn. P. potaninii var.
closely related to Adenium, except that PAEONIACEAE forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). trollioides, P. trollioides) has yellow or
most species have spines. Frost tender. Bears very large, striking, anemone-form orange flowers. var. delavayi f. delavayi
Requires full sun and very well-drained Genus of late spring-flowering perennials flowers with pale carmine-pink, outer petals has dark red to purplish flowers. var.
soil. May be very difficult to grow. and deciduous shrubs or subshrubs (“tree and numerous, narrow, densely arranged, delavayi f. lutea (syn. P. lutea; illus. p.229)
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. peonies”), valued for their bold foliage, ivory-white, inner petaloids. Z7–10 has orange, yellow, or greenish-yellow
P. lamerei illus. p.494. showy blooms, and, in some species, P. ‘Buckeye Belle’ (illus. p.229) Clump- flowers, sometimes red at the bases or on
P. succulentum. Treelike, perennial colorful seed pods. Fully to frost hardy; forming perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). the petal margins. var. ludlowii see
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). most are fully hardy, although young Has red-tinged, mid-green leaves and P. ludlowii.
Swollen trunk has narrow, green to gray- growth (especially on tree peonies) may bears semidouble, dark red flowers with P. ‘Early Windflower’. Clump-forming
brown stems with paired thorns. Bears be damaged by late spring frosts. Prefers a mass of central, golden stamens. Z7–10 perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm).
sun (but tolerates light shade) and rich,
well-drained soil. Tall and very large-
flowered cultivars need support. Propagate
all species by seed in fall (may take up to
PAEONIA
P Has bronze-tinged, mid-green leaves produces richly fragrant, double flowers flowers, each with a crimson-purple blotch (70–80cm). In spring, bronze or reddish-
Q and pendent, cupped, single, pure white with large outer petals, tinged palest green at its base. Hard to propagate. ‘High stems bear dark green leaves divided into
flowers. Z7–10 and fading to pure white; dense inner Noon’ (syn. P. ‘High Noon’; illus. p.229), leaflets. Between late spring or early
654 P. emodi (illus. p.228). Clump-forming petals are creamy-yellow at the bases. H and S 4½ft (1.3m), has semidouble, bright summer, bears double, soft pastel-pink
perennial. H and S 24–32in (60–80cm). ‘Félix Crousse’ (syn. P.l. ‘Victor Hugo’; yellow flowers, often marked with crimson flowers, slightly richer at petal tips. Z7–10
Glossy, dark green foliage is topped by illus. p.229) has abundant, fragrant, double, toward the centers. ‘L’Espérance’ (illus. P. potaninii. See P. delavayi var.
tall stems bearing several large, fragrant, rich carmine-pink flowers with darker red p.229), H and S to 6ft (2m), has very large, angustiloba f. angustiloba. f. alba see
single, pure white flowers with golden- centers. ‘Festiva Maxima’ (illus. p.228) primrose-yellow, single flowers with a P. delavayi var. angustiloba f. alba.
yellow anthers. Z7–10 bears huge, fragrant, double flowers with carmine blotch at the base of each petal. var. trollioides see P. delavayi var.
P. x festiva. Clump-forming, tuberous rather loosely arranged petals; outer petals ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’ (syn. angustiloba f. trollioides.
perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Long- are pure white, inner ones each have a P. ‘Red Charm’. Clump-forming
lived, with distinctive foliage, divided into basal, crimson blotch. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’ P. ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’), H and S perennial with a rather spreading dome-
broadly ovate leaflets. Z7–10. ‘Alba (syn. P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’; illus. p.228) shaped habit. H and S 32in (80cm). Bears
Plena’ (syn. P. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’) has scented, white, bowl-shaped, single to 6ft (2m), has large, richly fragrant, fully large, double, rich red flowers. Good for
has double, white flowers, sometimes flowers with large, floppy petals and cut flowers. Z7–10
tinged with pink. ‘Rosea Plena’ (syn. yellow stamens. ‘Kelway’s Majestic’ double flowers with warm golden-yellow P. rockii, syn. P. x suffruticosa subsp.
P. officinalis ‘Rosea Superba Plena’) (syn. P. ‘Kelway’s Majestic’) bears large, rockii. Deciduous, upright shrub (tree
has large, double, deep rose-pink flowers fragrant, anemone-form flowers with petals densely arranged toward centers; peony). H and S to 7ft (2.2m). In late spring
with slightly ruffled petals. ‘Rubra Plena’ bright cherry rose-pink, outer petals and and early summer, bears large, semi-
(syn. P. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’; illus. lilac-pink petaloids flecked with silver or ruffled margins are dull reddish-orange. double, white flowers; inner petals each
p.229) has double, vivid pinkish-crimson pale gold. ‘Kelway’s Supreme’ (syn. P. lobata. See P. peregrina. have a basal, dark maroon blotch. Z7–10
flowers with ruffled petals. P. ‘Kelway’s Supreme’) has large, strongly P. ludlowii, syn. P. delavayi var. ludlowii, P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ (illus. p.228).
P. ‘Flight of Cranes’. See fragrant, double flowers with soft blush- P. lutea var. ludlowii (illus. p.229). Vigorous, erect, clump-forming perennial.
P. x suffruticosa ‘Renkaku’. pink petals, fading to milk-white. Single or Deciduous, upright, slightly suckering H and S to 3ft (1m). Bears abundant,
P. ‘Garden Treasure’ (Itoh hybrid, illus. semidouble axillary flowers are often shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Leaves are huge, fragrant, fully double flowers
p.229). Clump-forming, free-flowering produced. ‘Krinkled White’ (syn. divided into sharply pointed, bright green with large, ruffled, slightly dull rose-pink
hybrid between a herbaceous perennial P. ‘Krinkled White’) has large, bowl-shaped, leaflets. Produces large, bright yellow, petals, fading to silvery bluish-white
and a tree peony. H 26in (65cm), S 5ft (1.5). single, milk-white flowers, sometimes single flowers, in late spring. Z7–10 margins. Z7–10
Has glossy, deeply divided, dark green flushed palest pink. Petals are large with P. lutea. See P. delavayi var. delavayi P. ‘Shirley Temple’. See P. lactiflora
leaves and large, semidouble to double, ruffled margins. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’ f. lutea. var. ludlowii see P. ludlowii. ‘Shirley Temple’.
bright yellow flowers. Z7–10 (syn. P. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’; illus. p.228) P. ‘Madame Louis Henri’. Deciduous, P. x smouthii. Clump-forming perennial.
P. ‘Globe of Light’. Clump-forming has large, scented, double flowers with upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 6ft H and S to 2ft (60cm). Produces abundant,
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has mid- soft pink outer petals and smaller, white (2m). Bears loosely semidouble, whitish- fragrant, single, glistening, dark crimson
green leaves and large, fragrant, anemone- inner ones. Flowers fade white in sun. yellow flowers with large, incurving, outer flowers, with yellow stamens; both flowers
form flowers. Outer petals are rose-pink, ‘Laura Dessert’ (syn. P. ‘Laura Dessert’; petals very heavily suffused with rust-red. and foliage may vary in color. Z7–10
petaloids clear golden-yellow. Z7–10 illus. p.229) has fragrant, double flowers Smaller, often darker, inner petals each P. ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’. See
P. ‘High Noon’. See P. x lemoinei ‘High with creamy blush-white, outer petals. have a basal, dull red blotch. Z7–10 P. x lemoinei ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’.
Noon’. Inner petals are flushed rich lemon-yellow, P. mascula subsp. mascula, syn. P. x suffruticosa, syn. P. suffruticosa
P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’. See P. lactiflora sometimes with deeply cut margins. P. corallina. Clump-forming perennial. (Moutan). Deciduous, upright shrub
‘Jan van Leeuwen’. ‘Mrs Gwyn Lewis’ see P.l. ‘Duchesse de H and S to 3ft (1m). Has hairless leaflets. (tree peony). H and S to 7ft (2.2m). Bears
P. japonica (illus. p.228). Compact, clump- Nemours’. ‘Paul M. Wild’ (syn. P. ‘Paul Bears purple- or carmine-red, occasionally variable, large, cup-shaped flowers, single
forming perennial. H 12–16in (30–40cm), M. Wild’; illus. p.229) has large, fully pink or white, flowers with bosses of or semidouble, with incurving, rose-pink
S 8in (20cm). In early spring, pink-tinged double, bowl-shaped, ruby-red flowers. golden-yellow anthers on purple filaments. or white petals, each sometimes with a
stems bear soft green leaves with 7–9 ‘Miss America’, H 3ft (90cm), bears Z6–10. subsp. arietina see P. arietina. basal, usually chocolate-maroon blotch.
rounded leaflets. Produces short-lived, fragrant, pure white, semidouble flowers, P. mlokosewitschii, syn. P. daurica Has given rise to many cultivars with
cup-shaped, single, white flowers; after with a central boss of golden stamens, subsp. mlokosewitschii (Caucasian semidouble and double flowers. Z3–8.
flowering, the leaves continue to develop opening from soft-pink buds on sturdy peony), illus. p.227. ‘Cardinal Vaughan’ (illus. p.229) has
and turn to green. Z7–10 stems. ‘Shirley Temple’ (syn. P. ‘Shirley P. obovata var. alba (illus. p.228). Erect, semidouble, ruby-purple flowers.
P. ‘Kamada Brocade’. See clump-forming perennial. H and S 28–36in ‘Duchess of Marlborough’, H and S 5ft
P. x suffruticosa ‘Kamada-nishiki’. Temple’; illus. p.228) bears profuse, fully (70–90cm). Has large, deep green leaves, (1.5) or more, produces semidouble, soft,
P. ‘Kelway’s Majestic’. See P. lactiflora each with 9 uneven, broadly elliptic warm pink flowers with feathery petals.
‘Kelway’s Majestic’. double, soft rose-pink flowers, fading to leaflets, pale gray-green and slightly hairy ‘Floral Rivalry’ see P. x s. ‘Hana-kisoi’.
P. ‘Kelway’s Supreme’. See P. lactiflora palest buff-white. ‘White Wings’ (syn. beneath. Produces single, cup-shaped, ‘Godaishu’ (syn. P. x s. ‘Large Globe’),
‘Kelway’s Supreme’. P. ‘White Wings’; illus. p.228) bears white flowers with purple filaments. Z6–10 bears semi- or fully double, white flowers
P. ‘Krinkled White’. See P. lactiflora abundant, large, fragrant, single flowers P. officinalis. Clump-forming, tuberous with yellow centers amid light green
‘Krinkled White’. with broad, white petals, slightly ruffled perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). This leaves that are fringed and twisted.
P. lactiflora. Variable, clump-forming at the tips and sometimes tinged sulphur- single, red apothecaries’ peony has long ‘Hana-daijin’ (syn. P. x s. ‘Magnificent
perennial. H and S 20–28in (50–70cm). yellow. ‘Whitleyi Major’ (syn. P. been in cultivation, but is seldom seen Flower’), H and S 6ft (2m) or more, is a
Produces bronze or reddish-brown stems ‘Whitleyi Major’; illus. p.228) has rich today; it has been superseded by larger, vigorous cultivar that bears a profusion of
with dark green leaves divided into 9 reddish-brown foliage and stems and often double-flowered hybrids. Z6–10. double, purple flowers. ‘Hakuo-jisi’ (illus.
lance-shaped leaflets. In late spring or large, single, ivory-white flowers with ‘Alba Plena’ see P. x festiva ‘Alba Plena’. p.228), H and S 5ft (1.5) or more, is strong-
early summer, 1–3 scented, single, bowl- a satin sheen and central bosses of clear ‘China Rose’, H and S to 11⁄2ft (45cm), has growing and bears large, double, white
shaped, white flowers are borne on each yellow anthers. ‘Victor Hugo’ see P.l. handsome, dark green foliage and single flowers in early summer; petals are finely
stem. More often represented in garden ‘Félix Crousse’. flowers with incurving, clear dark salmon- marked with purple at the bases. ‘Hana-
by named selections, most of which are P. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’. See rose petals contrasting with central bosses kisoi’ (syn. P. x s. ‘Floral Rivalry’; illus.
hybrids. Z7–10. ‘Cheddar Cheese’ (syn. P. lactiflora ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’. of orange-yellow anthers. ‘Crimson p.228), has double, pale cerise-pink
H. ‘Cheddar Cheese’) bears large, double P. ‘Laura Dessert’. See P. lactiflora Globe’ H and S 28–34in (70–85cm), bears flowers. ‘Kamada-nishiki’ (syn.
flowers in midsummer, with ivory-white ‘Laura Dessert’. single, garnet-red flowers with golden- P. ‘Kamada Brocade’), H and S to 4ft (1.2m),
petals interspersed with shorter, yellow P. x lemoinei. Variable, deciduous, yellow stamens. ‘Rosea Superba Plena’ produces large, double flowers that are
petals. ‘Cheddar Gold’ (syn. H. ‘Cheddar upright, open shrub (tree peony). H and see P. x festiva ‘Rosea Plena’. ‘Rubra lilac-pink striped white at the edge of each
Gold’; illus. p.228) has strongly scented, S 5ft (1.5). Bears bold, mid-green leaves Plena’ see P. x festiva ‘Rubra Plena’. petal. ‘Large Globe’ see P. x s.
semidouble flowers, with rounded white divided into pointed leaflets. In early P. ‘Paul M. Wild’. See P. lactiflora ‘Paul ‘Godaishu’. ‘Magnificent Flower’ see P.
petals surrounding a central boss of summer, bears large, bowl-shaped, often M. Wild’. x s. ‘Hana-daijin’. ‘Reine Elisabeth’,
golden stamens. ‘Cornelia Shaylor’ (syn. double flowers in a range of colors, P. peregrina, syn. P. decora, P. lobata. H and S to 6ft (2m), has large, fully double
H. ‘Cornelia Shaylor’) has fragrant, double notably yellow. Z3–8. ‘Alice Harding’ Clump-forming, tuberous perennial. flowers with broad, salmon-pink petals,
flowers, flushed rose-pink on opening and (syn. P. ‘Alice Harding’), H and S to 3ft H and S 20–24in (50–60cm). Has glossy, flushed with bright copper-red and lightly
fading to bluish-white. ‘Duchesse de (1m), bears very large, fragrant, double, bright green leaves and bears bowl- ruffled at margins. ‘Renkaku’ (syn.
Nemours’ (syn. P. ‘Mrs Gwyn Lewis’) creamy-white flowers. ‘Argosy’ (syn. P. shaped, single, ruby-red flowers. Z6–10.
‘Argosy’), H and S to 6ft (2m), has ‘Otto Froebel’ (illus. p.229) produces
magnificent, large, single, lemon-yellow large, single, vermilion flowers, tinged
with salmon-rose.
P. ‘Pillow Talk’ (illus. p.228). Clump-
forming perennial. H and S 28–32in
PAPHIOPEDILUM
P. ‘Flight of Cranes’), H and S to 3ft (1m), P. maritimum (Sea daffodil). Late PAPAVER has bright scarlet flowers. ‘Allegro Viva’ P
bears double flowers, with broad, incurving, summer-flowering bulb. H and S 1ft (30cm). see P. Oriental Group ‘Allegro’. ‘Beauty Q
slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, loosely Has strap-shaped, erect, basal, grayish- Poppy of Livermere’ illus. p.235. ‘Cedric
arranged in 3 or more whorls, that surround green leaves. Produces a head of up to Morris’, H 28in (70cm), produces soft
a large boss of long, golden-yellow anthers. 6 white flowers, each with a large, deep PAPAVERACEAE grayish-pink flowers. ‘Indian Chief’ has
‘Rimpo’ (illus. p.229), H and S 5ft (1.5) or cup in the center and 6 spreading petals. deep mahogany-red flowers. ‘John III’,
more, has large, scented, semidouble, dark Shy-flowering in cultivation. Z9–11 Genus of annuals, biennials, and H 2ft (60cm), is compact, with gleaming,
mauve-purple flowers with ruffled petals. perennials, some semievergreen, grown unblotched, orange-flushed, pinkish-red
subsp. rockii see P. rockii. PANDANUS for their cup-shaped flowers. Fully hardy flowers. ‘Karine’ (illus. p.238) has bowl-
‘Wu Long Peng Sheng’, H and S 10ft to frost hardy. Requires sun or partial shaped, soft pale pink flowers marked with
(3m), is a Chinese tree peony with scented, Screw pine shade and prefers moist but well-drained dark red blotches. ‘Kleine Tänzerin’
rounded, double, magenta-red flowers soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring. bears abundant, ruffled, dark pink flowers.
with golden stamens. ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’ PANDANACEAE P. orientale and its cultivars are best ‘May Queen’ bears double, orange
(illus. p.228), H and S 5ft (1.5) or more, has propagated by root cuttings in winter. flowers. ‘Mrs. Marrow’s Plum’ see ‘Patty’s
abundant, semidouble, clear pink flowers. Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, Self-seeds readily. Plum’. ‘Mrs. Perry’ (illus. p.238) has
P. tenuifolia. Clump-forming perennial. grown for their attractive foliage. Flowers P. alpinum subsp. burseri. See large, salmon-pink flowers. ‘Orange
H and S 20–28in (50–70cm). Elegant and fruits are borne only on large, mature P. burseri. Glow’ (illus. p.238) is robust, with
leaves are finely divided into many linear specimens. Frost tender. Needs full light or P. atlanticum. Clump-forming, erect, unblotched, bright orange flowers.
segments. Bears single, dark crimson partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. short-lived perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in ‘Patty’s Plum’ (syn. P. Oriental Group
flowers, with golden-yellow anthers. Z7–10 Water containerized plants freely when in (15cm). Has ovate, toothed, hairy leaves ‘Mrs. Marrow’s Plum’; illus. p.238)
P. trollioides. See P. delavayi var. full growth, moderately at other times. and, in summer, bears single, dull orange produces rich muddy-purple flowers that
angustiloba f. trollioides. Propagate by seed or suckers in spring or flowers. Good for a rock garden. Z4–7 fade as they age. ‘Perry’s White’ has
P. veitchii. See P. anomala subsp. veitchii. by cuttings of lateral shoots in summer. P. burseri, syn. P. alpinum subsp. burseri. satiny, white flowers with purple centers.
P. ‘White Wings’. See P. lactiflora ‘White Red spider mite may be troublesome. Semievergreen, tuft-forming, short-lived ‘Prinzessin Victoria Louise’ has large,
Wings’. P. odoratissimus of gardens. See P. tectorius. perennial, best treated as an annual or salmon-pink flowers. ‘Turkish Delight’
P. ‘Whitleyi Major’. See P. lactiflora P. tectorius, syn. P. odoratissimus of biennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm). (illus. p.238) bears unblotched, bright
‘Whitleyi Major’. gardens. Evergreen, rounded tree. H to 20ft Has finely cut, gray leaves. Produces salmon-pink flowers. ‘Watermelon’ has
P. wittmanniana, syn. P. daurica subsp. (6m), S 10ft (3m) or more. Has rosettes of single, white flowers in summer. Suits a flowers of vivid watermelon-pink.
wittmanniana. Clump-forming perennial. strap-shaped, deep green leaves, 3–5ft rock garden, wall, or bank. Z4–7 P. orientale var. bracteatum (illus.
H and S to 3ft (1m). Leaves are shiny dark (1–1.5m) long, with spiny margins and a P. cambricum, syn. Meconopsis cambrica p.238). Robust, vigorous perennial.
green above, paler beneath. Bears large, spiny midrib beneath. Small flowers, the (Welsh poppy), illus. p.263 H 4ft (1.2m). Has ruffs of bractlike leaves
single, pale primrose-yellow flowers, each males in clusters, each with a lance-shaped, P. commutatum. Fast-growing, erect, below the large, deeply cupped, blood-red
with a large, central boss of yellow anthers white bract, are borne mainly in summer. branching annual. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S to 6in flowers, which each have black blotches
on purple-red filaments. Z7–10 Fruits are like round pineapples. Z11–12 (15cm). Has elliptic, deeply lobed, mid- at the base. Z3–8
(min. 55°F/13°C). ‘Veitchii’ (syn. P. veitchii) green leaves and, in summer, single, red P. rhoeas (Corn poppy, Field poppy,
PALIURUS illus. p.454. flowers, each with a black blotch in the Flanders poppy). Erect, branching annual.
P. veitchii. See P. tectorius ‘Veitchii’. center. Z3–10 H to 3ft (90cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Has oblong,
RHAMNACEAE P. fauriei, syn. P. miyabeanum of gardens, downy, light green leaves with lance-
PANDOREA illus. p.373. shaped segments. Solitary, bowl-shaped,
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, spiny, P. ‘Medallion’ (illus. p.238). Tuft-forming bright red flowers, sometimes marked
summer-flowering shrubs and trees, grown BIGNONIACEAE perennial, spreading by stolons. H 34in black at the petal bases, are produced on
for their foliage and flowers. P. spina- (85cm), S 28–36in (70–100cm). Has elliptical, short, downy stalks in summer. H7. ‘Fairy
christi is also grown for its religious Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In Wings’ see P.r. ‘Mother of Pearl Group’.
association, reputedly being the plant from twining climbers, rarely shrubs, grown early and late summer, numerous upright, ‘Mother of Pearl Group’ (syn. P.r.
which Christ’s crown of thorns was made. for their flowers and leaves. Frost tender. stout stems bear large, solitary pinkish- ‘Fairy Wings’) produces dove-gray, soft
Frost hardy. Needs full sun and well-drained Grow in sun and in any well-drained soil. purple flowers that last for several days. pink, or lilac-blue flowers, with paler
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in Prune after flowering to restrain growth. Z3–7 zoning. Shirley Group (double) has
summer or by seed in fall. Propagate by seed sown in spring or by P. miyabeanum of gardens. See P. fauriei. rounded, often cup-shaped, double
P. spina-christi (Christ’s thorn, stem cuttings or layering in summer. P. nudicaule. (Arctic poppy, Icelandic flowers, in shades of red, pink or white,
Jerusalem thorn) illus. p.116. P. jasminoides, syn. Bignonia poppy). Erect, tuft-forming, hairy including bicolors; (single) illus. p.310.
jasminoides (Bower vine), illus. p.459. perennial, usually grown as a biennial, P. somniferum (Opium poppy). Fast-
PAMIANTHE P. lindleyana. See Clytostoma spreading by rooting stems. H to 1ft growing, upright annual. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft
callistegioides. (30cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has ovate, divided, (30cm). Has oblong, lobed, light grayish-
AMARYLLIDACEAE P. pandorana, syn. Bignonia pandorana, blue-green leaves. Bears solitary, fragrant, green leaves. Large, single flowers, in
Tecoma australis (Wonga-wonga vine). bowl-shaped, occasionally double, yellow shades of red, pink, purple or white, are
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, spring- Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, or white, sometimes orange or pale red produced in summer. Z3–7. Several
flowering bulbs, grown for their large, twining climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. Leaves flowers, on short stalks in summer. Z3–7. double-flowered forms are available,
strongly fragrant, showy flowers. Frost have 3–9 scalloped leaflets. Bears small, ‘Champagne Bubbles Mixed’, H 15in including Carnation-flowered Series,
tender. Needs partial shade and rich, well- funnel-shaped, cream flowers, streaked (38cm), is vigorous, with white, pink, red, with fringed flowers in mixed colors;
drained soil. Feed with high-potash liquid and often spotted with red, brown, or and orange flowers. Garden Gnome ‘Paeoniiflorum Group’ illus. p.303; and
fertilizer in summer. Reduce watering in purple, in clusters in winter and spring. Group see P.n. Gartenzwerg Group. ‘White Cloud’, which produces large,
winter, but do not allow to dry out. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) Gartenzwerg Group (syn. P.n. Garden white flowers.
Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets P. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana. Gnome Group) is dwarf, with flowers
in late winter. mainly in bright hues, including orange- PAPHIOPEDILUM 655
P. peruviana illus. p.399. PANICUM red, yellow, pink, salmon-pink, and white.
P. Oriental Group (Oriental poppy). Slipper orchid
PANCRATIUM POACEAE/GRAMINEAE Clump-forming, hybrid perennials,
derived from P. bracteatum, P. orientale, ORCHIDACEAE
Sea lily See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, and P. pseudo-orientale. H 20–36in (50–
and SEDGES. 90cm), S 2–3ft (60–90cm). Have erect, tContact with foliage may aggravate skin
AMARYLLIDACEAE P. virgatum (Switch grass). Deciduous, white-bristly stems and deeply divided, allergies. See also ORCHIDS.
rhizomatous, clump-forming, perennial variously lobed and toothed, rough leaves. P. appletonianum. Evergreen, terrestrial
Genus of bulbs with large, fragrant, grass. H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). Purple to In late spring to early summer, bear large, orchid. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears
daffodillike flowers in summer. Frost to glaucous, mid-green stems have upright, cup- or bowl-shaped, single or semidouble green flowers, 5in (12cm) across, each with
half hardy. Needs sun and well-drained flat, mid-green leaves that turn yellow in flowers, some with frilled petals. Z3–7. a pouched, brownish lip and pink-flushed
soil that is warm and dry in summer when fall and light brown in winter. Bears ‘Aglaja’ (syn. ‘Aglaya’) has bright salmon- petals, singly on tall, slender stems in
bulbs are dormant. Plant at least 6in (15cm) clusters of tiny, purple-green flowers in pink flowers with pleated, overlapping spring. Ovate, mottled leaves, are 8in
deep. Feed with a high-potash liquid early fall. Z4–9. ‘Cloud Nine’, H to 6ft petals, each with a small, crimson-black (20cm) long. Requires shade in summer.
fertilizer every 2 weeks from fall to spring. (2m), S to 3ft (1m), is upright, with blue- basal mark. ‘Allegro’ (syn. P. Oriental Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C)
Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets green foliage that turns golden-yellow in Group ‘Allegro Viva’), H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm),
detached in early fall. fall. ‘Shenandoah’ bears airy panicles of
P. illyricum illus. p.408. purplish-red flowers.
PAPHIOPEDILUM
P P. armeniacum (illus. p.467). P. rothschildianum (illus. p.467). PARAQUILEGIA midribs bearing tiny, elliptic, short-lived
Q Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 20in Evergreen, clump-forming, terrestrial leaflets. Produces fragrant, 5-petaled,
(50cm), S 10in (25cm). Creeping rhizome orchid. H 2ft (60cm) and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). RANUNCULACEAE yellow flowers in arching racemes in
656 produces strap-shaped leaves, 21⁄2–6in Spikes, 11⁄2ft (45cm) long, of 2–6 pouch- spring. Z10–12 (min. 41˚F/5˚C)
(6–15cm) long, marbled light and dark lipped, creamy-yellow flowers, with Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
green above, purple spotted beneath. maroon stripes, mahogany pouch, and cup-shaped flowers and fernlike foliage. PARNASSIA
In spring, pouch-lipped, bright yellow elongated petals, to 51⁄2in (14cm) long, are Hard to cultivate and flower successfully.
flowers, 21⁄2–41⁄2in (6–11cm) across, with produced in summer. Has strap-shaped, Prefers dry winters and cool climates. PARNASSIACEAE
red lines in the centers, are borne singly mid-green leaves, to 20in (50cm) long. Good in alpine houses and troughs. Fully
on a stem 8–16in (20–40cm) long. Needs Needs shade in summer. Z11–12 (min. hardy. Needs sun and gritty, well-drained, Genus of rosetted, mainly summer-
shade in summer. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C; 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) alkaline soil. Propagate by seed in fall. flowering perennials, grown for their
max. 86°F/30°C) P. sukhakulii. Evergreen, terrestrial P. anemonoides, syn. P. grandiflora, illus. saucer-shaped flowers. Good for rock
P. bellatulum (illus. p.467). Evergreen, orchid. H and S 6in (15cm). In spring to p.350. gardens. Fully hardy. Needs sun and wet
terrestrial orchid. H 5in (12cm), S 6in summer, purple-pouched, black-spotted, P. grandiflora. See P. anemonoides. soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
(15cm). Bears almost stemless, rounded, green flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) across, P. palustris (Grass of Parnassus) illus.
pouch-lipped, white flowers, 31⁄2in (9cm) are borne singly on tall stems. Has ovate, PARASERIANTHES p.336.
across, spotted with dark maroon, singly mottled leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Grow in
in spring. Ovate, marbled leaves are 1ft shade in summer. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; MIMOSACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE PAROCHETUS
(30cm) long. Grow in shade in summer. max. 86°F/30°C)
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) P. venustum. Evergreen, terrestrial Genus of one species of deciduous tree or PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
P. Buckhurst gx ‘Mont Millais’ (illus. orchid. H and S 6in (15cm). Variably large shrub, grown for its feathery foliage
p.467). Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 1ft colored flowers, ranging from pink to and unusual flower heads, composed Genus of one variable species of evergreen
(30cm), S 6in (15cm). Rounded, yellow-and- orange with green veins and darker spots, of numerous stamens and resembling perennial. Grows best in an alpine house.
white flowers, to 5in (12cm) across and are 3in (8cm) across and borne singly in bottlebrushes. Frost tender. In frost-prone Borderline fully hardy to half hardy.
lined and spotted with red, are borne fall. Has ovate, mottled leaves, 10in (25cm) areas, grow against a warm, sunny wall or Needs partial shade and gritty, moist soil.
singly in winter. Has ovate leaves, 6in long. Needs shade in summer. Z11–12 under glass; in cold areas, do not plant out Propagate by division of rooted runners in
(15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. (min. 50°F/10°C; max. 86°F/30°C) until late spring. Needs full sun and well- any season.
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. P. communis (Shamrock pea) illus. p.370.
P. callosum. Evergreen, terrestrial PARADISEA P. lophantha, syn. Albizia distachya,
orchid. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Purple- A. lophantha (Cape wattle), illus. p.89. PARODIA
and green-veined, white flowers, 3in (8cm) Paradise lily, St Bruno’s lily
across, are borne on tall stems in spring– PARIS syn. ERIOCACTUS, NOTOCACTUS,
summer. Has ovate, mottled leaves, 10in ASPARAGACEAE WIGGINSIA
(25cm) long. Needs shade in summer. syn. DAISWA
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown CACTACEAE
P. fairrieanum (illus. p.467). Evergreen, for their flowers, which are good for MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE
terrestrial orchid. H and S 6in (15cm). Rich cutting. Fully hardy. Requires a sunny site Genus of single or clustering, rounded,
purple- and green-veined flowers, 21⁄2–3in and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous perennial cacti with tubercles arranged in
(6–8cm) across, with curved petals and division in spring or by seed in fall. After perennials. Fully hardy to frost hardy. ribs that often spiral around green stems.
orange-brown pouches, are borne singly division may not flower for a season. Needs shade or partial shade and humus- Crown forms woolly buds, then funnel-
in fall. Ovate leaves are 31⁄2–6in (9–15cm) P. liliastrum. Clump-forming perennial. rich soil. Propagate by division in spring shaped flowers. Frost tender. Requires full
long. Grow in shade in summer. Z11–12 H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces or by seed in fall. Flowers are followed by sun or partial shade and very well-drained
(min. 50°F/10°C; max. 86°F/30°C) short rhizomes and grasslike leaves. One- fleshy fruits with black or red seeds. soil. Water very lightly in winter; tends to
P. Freckles gx (illus. p.466). Evergreen, sided spikes of 2–10 white flowers, with tThese may cause mild stomach upset lose roots during a long period of drought.
terrestrial orchid. H 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm). conspicuous yellow anthers, are borne in if ingested. Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
Rounded, reddish-brown-spotted and late spring or early summer. Z6–9 P. polyphylla, syn. Daiswa polyphylla. P. chrysacanthion illus. p.496.
pouched, white flowers, 5in (12cm) across, P. lusitanica. Upright, clump-forming Erect, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3ft (60– P. concinna, syn. Notocactus apricus, N.
are borne singly in winter. Has ovate leaves, perennial. H 32–48in (80–120cm), S 12–16in 100cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Leaves, in whorls concinnus. Flattened spherical, perennial
6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. (30–40cm). Has basal rosettes of linear at stem tips, are lance-shaped to ovate and cactus. H 21⁄2in (6cm), S 4in (10cm). Much-
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) leaves. Spikes of 8–40 small, white mid-green. In early summer, at tips of ribbed, pale green stem is densely covered
P. haynaldianum. Evergreen, terrestrial flowers, are borne in summer. Z6–9 slender stems, produces unusual flowers with short, soft, golden-brown spines. In
or lithophytic orchid. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), comprising a ruff of green sepals and summer, crown produces flattish, glossy,
S 1ft (30cm). Long-petaled, brown-marked, PARAHEBE another ruff of greenish-yellow petals, bright yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
green-, pink-and-white flowers, to 5in marked with crimson above, crowned with purple stigmas. Prefers partial shade.
(13cm) across, are borne singly in summer. PLANTAGINACEAE by a violet-purple stigma. Z7–10 Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
Has ovate leaves, to 16in (40cm) long. P. quadrifolia. Upright, rhizomatous P. erinacea, syn. Wigginsia erinacea,
Needs shade in summer. Z11–12 (min. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, perennial. H 6–16in (15–40cm), S 1ft (30cm). W. vorwerkiana. Slow-growing, flattened
55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) summer-flowering perennials, subshrubs Erect stems each have a whorl of mid- spherical, perennial cactus. H 6in (15cm),
P. Lyric gx ‘Glendora’ (illus. p.467). and shrubs, often classified under Hebe green leaves. In late spring, bears solitary, S 10in (25cm). Glossy stem, with 15–30
Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 1ft (30cm), and Veronica. Suitable for rock gardens. star-shaped flowers, with mid-green outer wartlike ribs and yellow-white spines
S 8in (20cm). Rounded, glossy, white-red- Borderline fully hardy to frost hardy. petals, white inner petals, and twice as bears yellow flowers in summer. Z10–11
and-green flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are Needs sun and well-drained, peaty, sandy many stamens as inner petals. Blue-black, (min. 41°F/5°C)
borne singly in winter. Has ovate leaves, soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in berrylike capsules follow. Z5–9 P. graessneri. See P. haselbergii subsp.
6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. early summer. graessneri.
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) P. catarractae illus. p.342. ‘Delight’, PARKINSONIA P. haselbergii subsp. graessneri,
P. Maudiae gx (illus. p.467). Evergreen, H and S to 1ft (30cm), is a lax or upright, syn. P. graessneri, Notocactus graessneri.
terrestrial orchid. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in evergreen subshrub with ovate to CAESALPINIACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE Slow-growing, flattened spherical,
(15cm). Clear apple-green or deep reddish- lance-shaped, toothed, dark green perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 10in
purple flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are leaves, purple-tinged when young. Genus of evergreen or decidous, spring- (25cm). Bristlelike, golden spines cover a
borne singly on long stems in spring or Bears clusters of small, saucer-shaped, flowering shrubs and trees, grown for much-ribbed, green stem. Slightly sunken
early summer. Has ovate, mottled leaves, red-veined, lilac-blue to purple-blue their flowers and overall appearance. crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy,
5in (12cm) long. Needs shade in summer. flowers in summer. Z7–10 Frost tender. Needs as much sunlight as greenish-yellow flowers, with yellow
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) P. lyallii. Semievergreen, prostrate shrub. possible to thrive, a dry atmosphere and stigmas, in early spring. Prefers partial
P. niveum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm). Has ovate, fertile, free-draining soil. Water potted shade. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) subsp.
H and S 6in (15cm). White flowers, 3in toothed, leathery leaves. In early summer, specimens moderately when in full haselbergii (syn. Notocactus haselbergii;
(8cm) across, are produced singly, mainly erect stems bear loose sprays of flattish, growth, sparingly at other times. Pruning Scarlet ball cactus) illus. p.487.
in spring. Ovate, marbled leaves are 4–6in pink-veined, white flowers. Z7–10. is tolerated, but spoils the natural habit. P. leninghausii, syn. Eriocactus
(10–15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. ‘Julie Anne’ is compact, with a Propagate by seed in spring. leninghausii, Notocactus leninghausii.
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C; max. 86°F/30°C) profusion of pink-veined, white flowers. P. aculeata (Jerusalem thorn). Evergreen, Simple or clump-forming, perennial
P. perfoliata, syn. Veronica perfoliata feathery shrub or tree with a spiny, green cactus. H to 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
(Digger’s speedwell), illus. p.271. stem. H to 30ft (10m), S 15–25ft (5–8m) or Woolly crown always slopes toward
more. Long, linear leaves have winged sun. In summer, on plants more than
PAULOWNIA
4in (10cm) tall, yellow flowers open flat. bronze to red-margined young leaves, yellow in fall. Fully hardy to frost tender. (3–5m). Has slender, angular stems and
Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) turning crimson, purple, orange, and Grow in full sun or partial shade and 3-lobed leaves. Red flowers, with deep
P. mammulosa, syn. Notocactus gold in fall. In late winter to early spring, fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely in purple and white crowns, are borne from
mammulosus. Spherical, perennial cactus. bears dense, globular heads of flowers full growth, less at other times. Stems spring to fall. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
H 4in (10cm), S 21⁄2in (6cm). Green stem has with conspicuous, red anthers. Good need support. Thin out crowded growth P. quadrangularis (Giant grenadilla)
13–21 ribs and straight, stiff, yellow-brown choice for small gardens. Z5–7 in spring. Propagate by seed in spring illus. p.462.
to white spines, to 1⁄2in (1cm) long. Woolly or by semiripe cuttings in summer. P. racemosa (Red passion flower). Fast-
crown produces abundant, golden flowers PARROTIOPSIS P. alata. Robust climber. H to 20ft (6m) or growing, evergreen, tendril climber with
in summer. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) more. Has square stems and broadly slender, woody stems. H 15ft (5m). Has
P. microsperma, syn. P. mutabilis, HAMAMELIDACEAE ovate, sometimes finely toothed, rich to wavy, leathery leaves with 3 deep lobes.
P. sanguiniflora. Clump-forming, perennial light green leaves. From spring to late Bears clusters of pendent, crimson
cactus. H 3in (8cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has a Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, summer, pale crimson buds open to flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, with
much-ribbed, green stem densely covered grown for its ornamental, dense flower nodding, fragrant, bowl-shaped, bright white- and purple-banded crowns, in
with brown, radial spines and red, central heads surrounded by conspicuous bracts. carmine flowers; crowns have purple, red, summer and fall. Z12 (min. 61°F/16°C)
spines, some of which are hooked. Bears Fully hardy. Needs sun or partial shade. and white zones. Yellow fruits are egg- to P. sanguinea. See P. vitifolia.
blood-red, occasionally yellow, flowers in Grows in any fertile, well-drained soil pear-shaped. Z10–12 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) P. ‘Silly Cow’. See P. ‘Damsel’s Delight’.
spring. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) except very shallow soil over chalk. P. x allardii, syn. P. ‘Allardii’. Strong- P. velutina. See P. coccinea.
P. mueller-melchersii, syn. Notocactus Propagate by softwood cuttings in growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, P. x violacea, syn. P. x caeruleo-racemosa.
rutillans, P. rutilans, illus. p.486. summer or by seed in fall. tendril climber. H 22–30ft (7–10m). Has Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
P. mutabilis. See P. microsperma. P. jacquemontiana. Deciduous, upright 3-lobed leaves. In summer–fall, bears white tendril climber. H 30ft (10m). Has 3-lobed
P. nivosa illus. p.487. shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has witch- flowers, 3–4in (7–10cm) across, tinted pink, leaves. Purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
P. ottonis, syn. Notocactus ottonis. hazellike, dark green leaves that turn with purple-banded crowns. Z7–11 are borne from summer to fall. Z10–11
Variable, spherical, perennial cactus. yellow in fall. From mid- to late spring and P. ‘Allardii’. See P. x allardii. (min. 41°F/5°C)
H 11⁄4–6in (3–15cm), S 7in (18cm). Has a in summer, bears clusters of minute P. ‘Amethyst’, syn. P. amethystina of P. violacea of gardens. See P. ‘Amethyst’.
pale to dark green stem with 6–15 rounded flowers, with tufts of yellow stamens, gardens, P. ‘Lavender Lady’, P. violacea of P. vitifolia, syn. P. sanguinea. Evergreen,
ribs bearing stiff, golden radial spines surrounded by white bracts. Z5–7 gardens. Vigorous climber. H 12ft (4m) or woody-stemmed, tendril climber; slender
and longer, soft, red central spines. In more. Has smooth, slender stems and stems have fine, brown hairs. H to 15ft
summer, crown bears flattish, glossy, PARTHENOCISSUS deeply 3-lobed, rich green leaves. In late (5m). Has 3-lobed, lustrous leaves. In
golden flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with summer and fall, bears bowl-shaped, summer–fall, bears bright scarlet flowers,
purple stigmas. Offsets freely from stolons. VITACEAE purple to purple-blue flowers with green 5in (13cm) across, each with a short
Prefers sun. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) anthers and darker crown filaments, crown, banded red, yellow and white.
P. rutilans. See P. mueller-melchersii. Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, followed by ovate, orange fruits. Z9–11 Z12 (min. 61°F/16°C)
P. sanguiniflora. See P. microsperma. tendril climbers, grown for their leaves, P. amethystina of gardens. See
P. scopa, syn. Notocactus scopa (Silver which often turn beautiful colors in fall. P. ‘Amethyst’. PATERSONIA P
ball cactus). Spherical to columnar, Broad tips of tendrils have suckerlike pads P. caerulea (Common passion flower) Q
perennial cactus. H 2–20in (5–50cm), S 4in that cling to supports. Has insignificant, illus. p.204. ‘Constance Elliot’ is a fast- IRIDACEAE
(10cm). Stem, with 25–40 ribs, is densely greenish flowers in summer. Will quickly growing, evergreen or semievergreen,
covered with white radial spines and cover north-or east-facing walls or fences woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 30ft Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
longer, red central spines, 3 or 4 per and may be grown up large trees. Fully to (10m) or more. Has rich green, deeply spring- and early summer-flowering,
areole. Crown bears funnel-shaped, frost hardy. Grow in partial shade or divided leaves. From summer to fall, rhizomatous perennials. Frost tender.
glossy, yellow flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) across, shade and in well-drained soil. Propagate produces bowl-shaped, fragrant, white Requires full sun and light, well-drained
with purple stigmas, in summer. Prefers a by softwood or greenwood cuttings in flowers with pale blue or white filaments. soil. Leave undisturbed once planted.
sunny position. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) summer or by hardwood cuttings in early Z7–9. ‘White Lightning’ has ivory- Propagate by seed in fall.
spring. tThe berries may cause mild white flowers with violet-blue filaments. P. umbrosa. Evergreen, clump-forming,
PARONYCHIA stomach upset if ingested. P. x caeruleoracemosa. See P. x violacea. rhizomatous perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 1ft
P. henryana, syn. Vitis henryana. P. x caponii ‘John Innes’. Strong- (30cm). Has erect, basal leaves and tough
Whitlow-wort Deciduous, tendril climber with 4-angled, growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, flower stems bearing a succession of
woody stems. H to 30ft (10m) or more. tendril climber. H 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed irislike, purple-blue flowers, 11⁄4–11⁄2in
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Leaves have 3–5 toothed, ovate leaflets, leaves. Bears bowl-shaped, nodding, white (3–4cm) across, in summer. Z10–12 (min.
each to 5in (12cm) long, and are velvety, flowers, flushed claret-purple, with purple- 41˚F/5˚C)
Genus of annuals and evergreen deep green, or bronze with white or banded, white crowns, from summer to
perennials making loose mats of prostrate pinkish veins. Small, dark blue berries are fall. Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C) PATRINIA
stems. Good carpeting plants for rock produced in fall. Leaf color is best with a P. coccinea, syn. P. fulgens, P. velutina
gardens and for walls. Fully to half shaded aspect. Z7–8 (Red grenadilla), illus. p.462. CAPRIFOLIACEAE
hardy. Needs sun and well-drained soil. P. quinquefolia, syn. Vitis quinquefolia P. ‘Damsel’s Delight’, syn. P. ‘Silly Cow’.
Propagate by division in spring. (Virginia creeper). Deciduous, woody- Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen, Genus of clump-forming perennials,
P. capitata, syn. P. nivea. Vigorous, stemmed, tendril climber. H 50ft (15m) or tendril climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m). From grown for their flowers. Suitable for
evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H to more. Leaves have 5 ovate, toothed, dull summer to fall, bears white to pale lilac rock gardens and peat beds. Fully hardy.
2in (5cm), S 1ft (30cm). Silvery leaves are green leaflets, paler beneath, that turn a flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with bright Needs a site in partial shade with moist
small and ovate. In summer, produces beautiful crimson in fall. Bears blue-black violet-blue filaments. Z8–11 soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
tiny flowers within papery bracts. Good berries in fall. Will cover a high wall or P. x exoniensis. Fast-growing, seed in fall. Self-seeds freely.
groundcover. (borderline) Z5–8 building, but can be invasive. Z3–9 evergreen, woody-stemmed, tendril P. triloba illus. p.275.
P. kapela subsp. serpyllifolia illus. P. striata. See Cissus striata. climber. H 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have
p.375. P. thomsonii. See Cayratia thomsonii. 3 deep lobes and are softly downy. Rose- PAULOWNIA 657
P. nivea. See P. capitata. P. tricuspidata (Boston ivy, Japanese ivy) pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, that have
illus. p.209. ‘Lowii’ illus. p.209. purple crowns with white teeth, are borne PAULOWNIACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE
PARROTIA ‘Veitchii’ (syn. Ampelopsis veitchii) illus. in summer to fall. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
p.210. P. fulgens. See P. coccinea. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
HAMAMELIDACEAE P. ‘Incense’. Vigorous climber. H to 10ft large leaves and foxglovelike flowers, borne
PASSIFLORA (3m). Has deeply lobed, rich green leaves. before the foliage emerges. Fully hardy,
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their From late spring to early fall, bears lacy, but flower buds and young growth of
flowers and fall color. Fully hardy, but Passion flower fragrant, bowl-shaped, violet-mauve small plants may be damaged by very hard
flower buds may be killed by hard frosts. flowers, with crowns of wavy filaments, frosts. Requires full sun and fertile, moist
Requires full sun and grows best in fertile, PASSIFLORACEAE white near the bases. Egg-shaped, edible but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
moist but well-drained soil. Lime-tolerant, but acidicic, yellow fruits are borne in fall or spring, or by root cuttings in winter.
but usually colors best in acidic soil. Genus of mostly evergreen, woody- summer and fall. Z10–11 P. fortunei. Deciduous, spreading tree.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in stemmed, tendril climbers, grown for their P. ‘Lavender Lady’. See P. ‘Amethyst’. H and S 25ft (8m). Has large, ovate, mid-
summer or by seed in fall. unique flowers, each one with a central P. manicata. Fast-growing, evergreen, green leaves. In late spring, bears large,
P. persica (Persian ironwood) illus. p.77. corona of filaments. Also includes a few woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 10–15ft fragrant flowers, purple-spotted and white
‘Vanessa’ is an upright, columnar tree. annuals, perennials, shrubs, and trees. inside, pale purple outside. Z5–9. Fast
H 25–30ft (8–10m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), Has Produces egg-shaped to rounded, fleshy, Blue (‘Minfast’) starts flowering at only
edible fruits that mature to orange or 3–4 years old.
PAULOWNIA
P. imperialis. See P. tomentosa. Unique—Tall-growing, shrubby, Rounded leaves each have a dark brown P. Decora Series. Evergreen, trailing
P. tomentosa, syn. P. imperialis (Foxglove evergreen perennials with rounded or butterfly mark in the center. Bears double, ivy-leaved pelargoniums. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
tree, Princess tree), illus. p.72. lobed, sometimes incised, mid-green pale pink flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) S to 4ft (1.2m). Have fresh green leaves
leaves, often with a pungent scent when P. Bullseye Series. Evergreen, compact, without a dark zone, and narrow-petaled
PAVONIA crushed. They produce clusters of single, single-flowered zonal pelargoniums. flowers in red, lilac, or shades of pink.
trumpet-shaped, brightly colored flowers H 13–15in (33–38cm), S 11–13in (28–33cm). Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C). ‘Decora Dark
MALVACEAE of the regal type, throughout the season. Have rounded, lobed, chocolate-brown Pink’ (illus. p.309) has dark rose-pink
Zonal—succulent-stemmed, evergreen leaves with green edges. Produce large flowers.
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- perennials with rounded leaves, marked clusters of flowers in shades of red or P. ‘Dolly Varden’. Evergreen, fancy-
flowering perennials, shrubs, and distinctively with a darker “zone,” and pink, or a mixture. Propagate by seed. leaved zonal pelargonium. H 10–12in
subshrubs, grown usually for their single (5-petaled), semidouble or fully Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C). ‘Bullseye (25–30cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Green leaves
flowers. Frost tender. Needs full light or double flowers. Zonal pelargoniums can Salmon’ (illus. p.309) has salmon-pink are marked purple-brown, white and
partial shade and humus-rich, well- be further separated into the double- and flowers. crimson. Bears clusters of single, scarlet
drained soil. Water freely when in full semidouble-flowered group (which P. capitatum. Evergreen, scented-leaved flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
growth, moderately at other times. Leggy includes fancy-leaved, Formosum hybrid, pelargonium. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 1ft P. ‘Emma Hössle’. See P. ‘Frau Emma
stems may be cut back hard in spring. rosebud, single-flowered, and stellar (30cm). Has irregularly 3-lobed leaves that Hössle’.
Propagate by seed in spring or by groups) and the cactus-flowered group. smell faintly of roses and mauve flowers. P. ‘Evka’ (illus. p.309). Evergreen, trailing,
greenwood cuttings in summer. Whitefly Mainly used to produce geranium oil for bushy, ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 8–10in
and red spider mite may be troublesome. P. acetosum. Erect, evergreen perennial. the perfume industry, but may be grown (20–25cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has pale
P. hastata. Evergreen, erect shrub. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). as a potted plant. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) green leaves edged in creamy-white. Bears
H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Lance- Stems are succulent with fleshy, gray- P. carnosum. Deciduous, shrubby clusters of small, single, deep rose-red
shaped to ovate, mid-green leaves, have green leaves, often margined red. Bears pelargonium (unclassified), with thick, flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
2 basal lobes. In summer, bears funnel- single, salmon-pink flowers. Good as a succulent stems and a woody, swollen, P. ‘Fair Ellen’. Compact, scented-leaved
shaped, pale red to white flowers, with potted plant in a greenhouse. Z10–12 (min. tuberlike rootstock. H 16in (40cm), S 10in pelargonium. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has dark
darker basal spotting. Z11–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) (25cm). Has long, gray-green leaves with green leaves and pale pink flowers marked
50°F/10°C) P. Amethyst (‘Fisdel’). Evergreen, triangular, deeply lobed leaflets. Produces with red. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C)
trailing, ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 10–12in branched, umbellike flower heads with P. Fireworks Series. Bushy, compact,
Pedilanthus tithymaloides. See (25–30cm), S to 8–10in (20–25cm). Leaves white or greenish-yellow flowers, the upper scented-leaved pelargoniums. H 8–10in
Euphorbia tithymaloides. are fleshy with pointed lobes. Bears petals streaked red and shorter than the (20–25cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Have matte,
semidouble, purple flowers, the upper green sepals. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C) shallowly 5-lobed, aromatic, dark green
Pedrosedum repestre. See Sedum petals with deep purple and white P. ‘Charity’. Bushy, scented-leaved leaves, the lobes suffused purplish-green.
rupestre. feathering. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) pelargonium. H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6–8in From spring to early fall, produce upright,
P. Antik Series. Vigorous, evergreen, (15–20cm). Has deeply cut, mid-green dense clusters of red, white, pink, or
P PELARGONIUM single-flowered zonal pelargoniums grown leaves with broad gold margins and a bicolored flowers, each with 5 sharply
Q as climbers or, with pinching, as sharp orange scent. Bears clusters of pale pointed lobes. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
Geranium groundcover. H and S 36–48in (90–120cm). mauve flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) FireWorks scArlet (‘Fiwoscarl’) (illus.
658 Have rounded, lobed, plain green leaves P. ‘Chew Magna’. Evergreen, regal p.309) has bright scarlet flowers.
GERANIACEAE and large clusters of flowers in orange, pelargonium. H 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm), S to 1ft P. ‘Flower of Spring’. Vigorous,
pink, violet, salmon, or scarlet. Z10–12 (30cm). Each petal of the pale pink flowers evergreen, fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium.
Genus of mainly evergreen perennials, (min. 36˚F/2˚C). Antik sAlmon (‘Tiksal’) has a wine-red blaze. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm).
succulents, subshrubs, and shrubs, often (illus. p.309) bears salmon-pink flowers. P. ‘Clorinda’ (illus. p.309). Vigorous, Has rounded, silver leaves and single, red
cultivated as annuals. Grown for their P. ‘Apple Blossom Rosebud’. Evergreen, scented-leaved pelargonium. H 18–20in flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
colorful flowers and useful in pots or as rosebud zonal pelargonium. H 1ft (30cm), (45–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Leaves smell P. Fragrans Group, syn. P. fragrans,
bedding plants. Usually flower from spring S 9in (23cm). Fully double, pinkish-white of cedar and are 3-lobed. Bears large, P. x fragrans. Evergreen, very bushy,
to summer; many flower almost continuously flowers, margined with red, look like single, rose-pink flowers. Suitable for a scented-leaved pelargonium. H 8–10in
in warm conditions, at above 45–50°F miniature rosebuds. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) greenhouse or patio. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) (20–25cm) S 6–8in (15–20cm). Rounded,
(7–10°C). Frost hardy to frost tender. A P. ‘Ardens’. Prostrate, evergreen, species P. ‘Coddenham’. Miniature, double- shallowly lobed, gray-green leaves smell
sunny site with 12 hours of daylight is hybrid pelargonium. H 4–5in (10–13cm), flowered zonal pelargonium. H 4–5in (10– strongly of pine. Produces small, white
required for good flowering, Prefer well- S 6–7in (15–18cm). Has divided, bluntly 12cm), S 3–4in (7–10cm). Bears clusters of flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
drained, neutral to alkaline soil. Dislike lobed, irregularly toothed, gray-green orange-red flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. ‘Fraiche Beauté’, syn. P. ‘Fraicher
very hot, humid conditions. Deadhead leaves. In early and midsummer, bears P. ‘Copthorne’. Vigorous, scented-leaved Beauty’ (illus. p.309). Evergreen, double-
frequently and fertilize regularly if grown clusters of long-stalked, saucer-shaped, pelargonium. H 18–20in (45–50cm), S 8–10in flowered, zonal pelargonium. H 1ft (30cm),
in containers; do not overwater. Plants may crimson-red flowers, with black blotches. (20–25cm). Large-lobed leaves exude an S 9in (23cm). Flowers are perfectly formed
be kept through winter in the greenhouse Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) exotic, spicy scent. Bears clusters of mauve with delicate coloring: white with a thin,
by cutting back in fall or winter to 5in (12cm) P. ‘Attar of Roses’ (illus. p.309). Scented- flowers with purple feathering on the red edge to each petal. Excellent as a
and repotting. Propagate by softwood leaved pelargonium. H 20–24in (50–60cm), upper petals. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) potted plant. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
cuttings from spring to fall. tContact with S 10–12in (25–30cm). Produces 3-lobed, P. crispum ‘Variegatum’. Evergreen, P. ‘Fraicher Beauty’. See P. ‘Fraiche
the foliage may aggravate skin allergies. rose-scented leaves and clusters of mauve upright, scented-leaved pelargonium. Beauté’.
flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) H 14–18in (35–45cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). P. ‘Francis Parrett’. Evergreen,
Pelargoniums may be divided into P. ‘Barbe Bleu’. Ivy-leaved pelargonium. Has gold-variegated leaves and small, pale short-jointed, double-flowered zonal
6 groups; all flower in summer–fall unless H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). mauve flowers. Foliage becomes creamy- pelargonium. H 4–5in (10–12cm), S 3–4in
stated otherwise. See also feature panel Bears clusters of double, purple-black white in winter. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) (7–10cm). Bears purplish-pink flowers
p.309. flowers, fading to wine-red in full sun. P. ‘Crocodile’. Compact, short-jointed, and has small, green leaves. Good for
Angel—bushy, evergreen perennials and Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) ivy-leaved pelargonium. H and S 6–8in (15– a windowsill. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
subshrubs, with rounded, sometimes P. ‘Bird Dancer’. Dwarf, stellar zonal 20cm). Has mid-green leaves overlaid with P. ‘Frank Headley’. Compact, zonal
scented, usually mid-green leaves, and pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 5–6in a creamy-white mesh. Produces clusters pelargonium. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm).
clusters of small, single flowers of the (12–15cm). Bears clusters of single flowers, of single, bright cerise-pink flowers. Has rounded, gray-green leaves, edged
regal type. with pale pink lower petals and salmon- Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) creamy-white. Bears clusters of salmon-
Ivy-leaved—trailing, evergreen pink upper petals. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) P. ‘Dale Queen’. Evergreen, bushy, pink flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
perennials, ideal for hanging baskets, P. Blue Wonder (‘Pacbla’) (illus. p.309). single-flowered zonal pelargonium. P. ‘Frau Emma Hössle’, syn. P. ‘Emma
with lobed, sometimes pointed, stiff, fleshy, Evergreen, semidouble-flowered, zonal H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 9in (23cm). Flowers Hössle’. Evergreen, dwarf, double-
usually mid-green leaves and flowers pelargonium. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm). are delicate salmon-pink. Particularly flowered, zonal pelargonium. H 8–10in
similar to those of zonal pelargoniums. Has rounded, lobed, plain green leaves suitable for a pot. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) (20–25cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears large,
Regal—shrubby, evergreen perennials and large clusters of vivid, rich lilac P. ‘Deacon Golden Lilac Mist’. mauve-pink flowers. Useful for a window
and shrubs with rounded, sometimes lobed flowers (not blue). Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C) Bushy, fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium. box. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
or partially toothed, mid-green leaves and P. ‘Brookside Primrose’ (illus. p.309). H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). P. ‘Friesdorf’. Evergreen, fancy-leaved,
clusters of single, rarely double, broadly Dwarf, fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium. Leaves are gold marked with bronze. zonal pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
trumpet-shaped, exotic-colored flowers; H 4–5in (10–12cm), S 3–4in (7–10cm). Bears double, lavender-pink flowers. Good S 4–5in (10–12cm). Has dark green foliage
prone to weather damage in the open. for window-boxes. Z10–12 (min. 36˚F/2˚C)
Scented-leaved and species—shrubby,
evergreen perennials and shrubs with
small, single, often irregularly star-shaped
flowers; scented-leaved forms are grown
for their fragrance.
PENNISETUM
and produces narrow-petaled, single, rough-textured, toothed, strongly lemon- clusters of flowers in pink, deep purple, sun. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
crimson flowers. Excellent for a window scented leaves, with 5–7 pointed lobes, and red, lilac, or salmon, all with darker marks P. ‘Vancouver Centennial’. Stellar
box or for planting in a large group. mauve flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) in the throats. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C). The zonal pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm),
Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. Maverick Series. Evergreen, single- crimson flowers of ‘Regalia Chocolate’ S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has bronze and brown
P. ‘Gustav Emich’. Vigorous, evergreen, flowered, zonal pelargoniums. H 16–18in (illus. p.309) have deep purplish-red marks. leaves. Bear clusters of single, orange-red
double-flowered, zonal pelargonium. (40–45cm), S 14–18in (35–45cm). Have P. ‘Rimfire’. Spreading, regal flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
H 16–18in (40–45cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). rounded, lobed, mainly bronze-zoned, pelargonium. H 12–16in (30–40cm), P. ‘Voodoo’ (illus. p.309). Unique
Semidouble flowers are orange-scarlet. mid-green leaves. Produce large, domed S 30–38cm (12–14in). Deep mahogany pelargonium. H 20–24in (50–60cm),
Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) flower heads in reds, pinks, a bicolor, or flowers, edged salmon-red, are borne S 8–10in (20–25cm). Flowers are single and
P. ‘Happy Thought’ illus. p.307. white. Propagate by seed. Z10–12 (min. in clusters. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) pale burgundy with a purple-black blaze
P. ‘Highfields Festival’. Compact, 36°F/2°C). ‘Maverick Star’ (illus. p.309) P. ‘Robyn Hannah’ illus. p.307. on each petal. Suitable as a greenhouse
double-flowered, zonal pelargonium. is blushed white with deep rose-pink eyes. P. ‘Rollisson’s Unique’. Evergreen, potted plant. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
H 12–14in (30–35cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). P. ‘Mini Cascade’. Evergreen, trailing, shrubby, unique pelargonium. H 16–18in P. ‘Yale’. Long-jointed, trailing, ivy-leaved
White-eyed, pink flowers are borne in short-jointed, ivy-leaved pelargonium. (40–45cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has ovate, pelargonium. H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6–8in
clusters. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) H and S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Bears many notched, pungent leaves and small, single, (15–20cm). Bears clusters of semidouble,
P. Horizon Divas Series. Evergreen, single, red flowers. Regular deadheading open trumpet-shaped, wine-red flowers red flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
single-flowered, zonal pelargoniums. is essential for continuous display. with purple veins. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
H 12–14in (30–35cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. ‘Rouletta’. Vigorous, evergreen, PELIOSANTHES
Have rounded, lobed, often bronze-zoned, P. ‘Mr. Henry Cox’, syn. P. ‘Mrs. Henry trailing, ivy-leaved pelargonium.
mid-green leaves and large, domed heads Cox’. Evergreen, fancy-leaved zonal H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). ASPARAGACEAE
of flowers with a speckled or picotee pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 4–5in Bears semidouble, red-and-white flowers.
pattern, or a combination of the two. (10–12cm). Mid-green leaves are marked To control shape, pinch out growing tips Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
Propagate by seed. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C). with red, yellow, and purple-brown. Flowers regularly. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) perennials, grown for their foliage and
‘Horizon Divas Orange Ice’ (illus. are single and pink. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. ‘Royal Oak’. Evergreen, bushy, delicate flowers. Fully to half hardy.
p.309) is white with an orange picotee and P. ‘Mrs. G.H. Smith’. Upright, compact, compact, scented-leaved pelargonium. Grow in moist but well-drained, fertile,
veining and orange on the reverse. angel pelargonium. H 8–10in (20–25cm), H 15in (38cm), S 1ft (30cm). Oaklike, slightly acidic soil in semi- or full shade. Propagate
‘Horizon Divas Raspberry Ripple’ S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears clusters of white sticky leaves have a spicy fragrance and by divisions of the rhizome in spring or
(illus. p.309) is white with a rich pattern flowers with a crimson blotch on each are dark green with central, brown by seed in fall.
of deep red speckles and occasional upper petal. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) markings. Flowers are small and mauve- P. arisanensis illus. p.472.
streaks. P. ‘Mrs. Henry Cox’. See P. ‘Mr. Henry pink. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
P. ‘Irene’. Evergreen, semidouble- Cox’. P. ‘Splendide’. Slow-growing, short- PELLAEA P
flowered, zonal pelargonium. H 16–18in P. ‘Mrs. Pollock’. Evergreen, single- branching pelargonium. H 10–12in (25– Q
(40–45cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Bears flowered, zonal pelargonium. H 1ft (30cm), 30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Butterfly-shaped PTERIDACEAE
large, light crimson blooms. Z10–12 (min. S 6in (15cm). Each golden leaf has a gray- flowers are borne singly or in clusters.
36°F/2°C) green butterfly mark in its center, with a Dark red upper petals have a black spot at Genus of deciduous or evergreen ferns.
P. ‘Ivalo’. Evergreen, bushy, short- bronze zone running through it. Has small, the base; lower petals are white, sometimes Fully hardy to frost tender. Grow in partial
jointed, semidouble-flowered, zonal orange-red flowers. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) stained red. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) shade and gritty, moist but well-drained
pelargonium. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 9in P. ‘Mrs. Quilter’ illus. p.319. P. Sprinter Series. Slow-growing, soil. Remove fading fronds regularly.
(23cm). Large, semidouble flowers are pale P. Multibloom Series. Single-flowered, evergreen, branching, bushy, single- Propagate by spores in summer.
pink with crimson-dotted, white centers. zonal pelargoniums. H 10–12in (25–30cm), flowered, zonal pelargoniums. H and P. rotundifolia (Button fern). Evergreen
Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) S 1ft (30cm). Abundant flowers in shades S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Have rounded, lobed, fern. H to 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm).
P. ‘Jackie’, syn. P. ‘Jackie Gall’. of white, pink, and red, some with white light to mid-green leaves. Bear large, Small, narrowly lance-shaped, divided
Very bushy, slow-growing, ivy-leaved eyes, are borne in clusters. Flower early domed flower heads in shades of red. Very fronds are dark green and have rounded
pelargonium. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). and over a long period. Tolerates wet. free-flowering. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) pinnae. Z10–11
Has small leaves and clusters of rosebud- Propagated by seed. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. ‘Sweet Mimosa’. Scented-leaved
like, double, pale lavender-pink flowers. P. ‘Paton’s Unique’. Vigorous, unique pelargonium. H 9–10in (23–25cm), S 6–8in Pellionia. See Elatostema.
Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) pelargonium with pungent-smelling leaves. (15–20cm). Has deeply lobed, pungently
P. ‘Jackie Gall’. See P. ‘Jackie’. H 16–18in (40–45cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). scented leaves and clusters of mid-pink PELTANDRA
P. ‘Lachskönigin’ (illus. p.309). Flowers are single, red or pale pink, each flowers with carmine splashes and
Evergreen, trailing, brittle-jointed, ivy- with a small, white eye. Z10–12 (min. feathering on the upper petals. Z10–12 Arrow arum
leaved pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm), 36°F/2°C) (min. 36°F/2°C)
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has fleshy leaves, with P. peltatum. Evergreen, trailing, brittle- P. ‘The Boar’. Evergreen, trailing ARACEAE
pointed lobes, and semidouble, deep rosy- jointed pelargonium from which ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 20–24in (50–60cm),
pink flowers. Suitable for a hanging basket cultivars have been derived. H and S to 5ft S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has unusual, 5-lobed, Genus of rhizomatous, herbaceous
or window box. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) (1.5). Has fleshy leaves, with pointed lobes. notched leaves, each with a central, dark perennials, grown for their foliage and
P. ‘Lady Plymouth’ (illus. p.309). Bears single, mauve or white flowers. brown blotch, and long-stemmed, single, suitable for wet soils. Grow in full sun at
Scented-leaved pelargonium. H 12–16in Cultivars suit hanging baskets and salmon-pink flowers. Useful for a hanging the margins of a pond. Fully hardy.
(30–40cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has silver- window boxes. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) basket. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) Propagate by division of the rhizome
margined, eucalyptus-scented leaves and P. ‘Polka’. Vigorous, unique pelargonium. P. ‘Timothy Clifford’. Evergreen, when dormant, or by seed in spring.
lavender-pink flowers, borne in clusters. H 18–20in (45–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). short-jointed, semidouble-flowered, zonal P. undulata. See P. virginica.
Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) Flowers are semidouble. Upper petals are pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in P. virginica, syn. P. undulata, illus. p.443.
P. ‘Lara Starshine’. Bushy, spreading orange-red, blotched, and feathered deep (10cm). Has dark green leaves and fully
scented-leaved pelargonium. H and S purple; lower ones are salmon-orange. double, salmon-pink flowers. Suits a Peltiphyllum. See Darmera.
8–10in (20–25cm). Has deeply cut, sharply Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) windowsill. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C)
scented leaves. Bears clusters of white- P. ‘Prince of Orange’. Scented-leaved P. ‘Tip Top Duet’ (illus. p.309). PENNISETUM 659
eyed, pink flowers, the upper petals of pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 6–8in Evergreen, bushy, free-branching, angel
each overlaid, veined, and feathered (15–20cm). Small, rounded leaves smell of pelargonium. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 6–8in POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
carmine-pink. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) orange. Has single, mauve flowers. Good (15–20cm). Leaves and blooms are small
P. ‘L’Elégante’. Evergreen, trailing ivy- as a house plant. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) for this type. Bears pink-veined, white See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
leaved pelargonium. H 8–10in (20–25cm), P. ‘Purple Unique’. Vigorous, evergreen, flowers; uppermost petals have dark and SEDGES.
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Foliage is variegated upright, shrubby, unique pelargonium. burgundy blotches. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) P. x advena ‘Rubrum’, syn. P. setaceum
with creamy-white margins, sometimes H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Rounded, P. tomentosum (Peppermint geranium). ‘Rubrum’, illus. p.312.
turning pink at the edges. Bears semi- large-lobed leaves are very aromatic. Has Evergreen, bushy, scented-leaved P. alopecuroides, syn. P. compressum
double, pale mauve flowers. Best grown single, open trumpet-shaped, light purple pelargonium. H 30–36in (75–90cm), (Fountain grass). Tuft-forming,
in a hanging basket. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) flowers. Does well when trained against S 24–30in (60–75cm). Large, rounded, herbaceous, perennial grass. H 2–5ft (0.6–
P. ‘Mabel Grey’. Evergreen, scented- a sunny wall. Z10–12 (min. 36°F/2°C) shallowly lobed, velvety, gray-green leaves 1.5m), S 2–4ft (0.6–1.2m). Has narrow, mid-
leaved pelargonium. H 12–14in (30–35cm), P. Regalia Series. Evergreen, bushy, have a strong peppermint aroma. Bears green leaves; leaf sheaths each have
S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Has diamond-shaped, single-flowered, regal pelargoniums. clusters of small, white flowers. Pinch out a hairy tip. In late summer, bears arching,
H and S 12–15in (30–38cm). Bear prolific growing tips to control spread. Dislikes full cylindrical panicles with decorative, purple
bristles that last well into winter. Z5–9.
‘Cassian’s Choice’, H and S to 3ft (90cm),
has bright green leaves, which turn
yellowish-orange in fall, and pale brown
flowers in summer.
PENNISETUM
P. compressum. See P. alopecuroides. Leaves are linear and light green. Produces P. ‘Evelyn’ illus. p.233. Large-leaved, semievergreen perennial;
P. longistylum. See P. villosum. purplish-red flowers with white throats P. ‘Firebird’. See P. ‘Schoenholzeri’. a sport of P. ‘Alice Hindley’. H 2ft (60cm),
P. orientale. Densely tufted, mound- streaked dark red. Z6–10 P. ‘Flamingo’ (illus. p.236). Open, much- S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has creamy-yellow-edged,
forming, herbacous, perennial grass. H 2ft P. campanulatus, syn. P. pulchellus. branched, semievergreen perennial. H 3ft mid-green leaves. Bears tubular-bell-
(60cm), S 30in (75cm). Has long, upright or Semievergreen, upright perennial. (95cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has mid-green, ovate shaped, lilac-blue, white-throated flowers
arching, dark green leaves. In mid- and H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Long to lance-shaped leaves. From summer to from midsummer to mid-fall. Z8–10
late summer, bears long, softly bristled, racemes of bell-shaped, dark purple, violet fall, bears white-throated, deep purplish- P. isophyllus illus. p.153.
pink flower heads, resembling bottle or, occasionally, white flowers are borne in pink flowers, the white diffusing to petal P. Kilimanjaro (‘Yajaro’). Vigorous,
brushes. Z5–8 early summer above lance-shaped, lobes, with a few darker, reddish-pink semievergreen perennial. H 32in (80cm),
P. rueppellii. See P. setaceum. toothed, mid-green leaves. Z7–10 pencilings on lower lobes. Z6–10 S 2ft (60cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-
P. setaceum, syn. P. rueppellii (Fountain P. ‘Candy Pink’. See P. ‘Old Candy Pink’. P. fruticosus. Evergreen, upright green leaves. From summer to fall, bears
grass). Tuft-forming, herbaceous, perennial P. cardwellii. Spreading, sometimes subshrub. H and S to 16in (40cm). Has lance- long racemes of purplish-pink flowers,
grass. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has very stem-rooting, evergreen subshrub. shaped to ovate, toothed leaves. In early with white throats. Z3–9
rough, mid-green leaves and stems. In H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green summer, produces funnel-shaped, lipped, P. ‘King George V’ (illus. p.237).
summer, bears dense, cylindrical panicles leaves are elliptic and finely toothed. Bears lavender-blue flowers. Suitable for a rock Narrow-leaved perennial. H 2ft (60cm),
of copper-red spikelets, with decorative, racemelike panicles of slender, tubular to garden. Trim back after flowering. Z6–10. S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Bears small, tubular to bell-
bearded bristles, that last well into winter. funnel-shaped, deep purple flowers in var. scouleri (syn. P. scouleri) shaped, bright, deep scarlet flowers, with
Z9–11. ‘Rubrum’ see P. x advena ‘Rubrum’. early summer. (borderline) Z7–10 bears pale to deep purple flowers. white throats, from midsummer to early
P. villosum, syn. P. longistylum (Feather- P. ‘Cherry’ (illus. p.237). Semievergreen var. scouleri ‘Albus’ (illus. p.236) or mid-fall. Z9–11
top), illus. p.286. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has produces white flowers. P. kunthii (illus. p.236). Variable, woody-
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From P. ‘Garnet’. See P. ‘Andenken an based, willowy perennial. H 3–4ft
P PENSTEMON midsummer to fall, produces an abundance Friedrich Hahn’. (90cm–120cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-
Q of deep rose-red flowers, with a golden P. ‘Geoff Hamilton’. Vigorous, semi- shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. From
PLANTAGINACEAE sheen and white throats, streaked deep evergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft midsummer to late fall, produces many-
660 red. Z9–11 (60cm). Has lance-shaped to ovate, mid- flowered racemes of red to maroon-red
Genus of perennials and subshrubs, most P. ‘Chester Scarlet’ (illus. p.237). green leaves. Produces large, open, purple flowers, with white streaks in the throats.
of which are semievergreen or evergreen. Semievergreen perennial. H 2ft (60cm), flowers, with white throats and white- Requires a sunny, dry site. Z7–9
Fully to frost hardy. Prefers full sun and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Large, bright red flowers flecked lobes, from early summer to fall. P. ‘Madame Golding’. Strong-growing,
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species are borne above narrowly lance-shaped, Z7–10 semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm),
by seed in fall or spring, or in midsummer light green leaves. Z9–11 P. ‘George Home’. Narrow-leaved S 16–18in (40–45cm). Similar to P. ‘Old
by softwood or semiripe cuttings of non- P. confertus. Semievergreen, neat, perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Candy Pink’, but has paler pink flowers.
flowering shoots; cultivars only by clump-forming perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), Produces small, tubular to bell-shaped, Z8–11
cuttings. See also feature panel pp.236-237. S 1ft (30cm). Produces spikes of tubular, wine-red flowers, with white throats, P. ‘Margery Fish’ (illus. p.236). Almost
P. ‘Alice Hindley’ (illus. p.236). Large- creamy-yellow flowers above long, the white extending over the lips, from mat-forming, woody-based perennial.
leaved, semievergreen perennial. H 3ft lance-shaped, mid-green leaves in early midsummer to early or mid-fall. Z9–11 H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has narrow,
(90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Mid-green leaves summer. Z7–10 P. glaber (illus. p.237). Evergreen, shiny, mid-green leaves. Produces dense
are linear to lance-shaped. Bears tubular P. ‘Connie’s Pink’. Erect, much- variable subshrub. H 20–26in (50–65cm), spikes of pale blue to violet-mauve flowers,
to bell-shaped, pale lilac-blue flowers, branched, semievergreen perennial. H 4ft S 1ft (30cm). Has mid-green, lance-shaped with white penciling in the throats, from
white inside, tinged mauve-pink outside, (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale green leaves are to inversely ovate leaves. In late summer, summer to fall. Z9–11
from midsummer to early or mid-fall. Z6–10 ovate to lance-shaped. Bears slender, produces clusters of snapdragonlike, sky- P. ‘Maurice Gibbs’. Semievergreen
P. ‘Andenken an Friedrich Hahn’, syn. bright rose-pink flowers, with deep pink blue to indigo flowers, with maroon perennial. H 21⁄2ft (75cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
P. ‘Garnet’ (illus. p.237). Vigorous, semi- petal lobes and red-penciled, white pencilings in the white or pale blue throats. Has lance-shaped, light green leaves.
evergreen, bushy perennial. H 30in (75cm), throats, from early summer to fall. Z6–9 Needs a sunny, dry site. (borderline) Z3–10 Bears claret-red flowers, with white
S 2ft (60cm). Has narrow, fresh green P. ‘Countess of Dalkeith’, syn. P. P. hartwegii. Semievergreen, erect throats, from midsummer to early or
leaves. Bears sprays of tubular, deep wine- ‘Purple and White’. Erect, semievergreen perennial. H 2ft (60cm) or more, S 1ft (30cm). mid-fall. Z9–11
red flowers from midsummer to fall. Z5–9 perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Lance-shaped leaves are mid-green. Bears P. ‘Modesty’. Strong-growing, erect,
P. ‘Apple Blossom’ (illus. p.236). Leaves are linear and light green. In sprays of slightly pendent, tubular to bell- semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm),
Semievergreen, bushy perennial. H and summer and fall, produces large, reddish- shaped, scarlet flowers from mid- to late S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped, glossy,
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears sprays of purple, white-throated flowers. Z3–7 summer. Z8–10. ‘Albus’ bears slender, olive-green leaves. Produces bright red-
small, tubular, pale pink flowers from P. davidsonii. Evergreen, prostrate creamy-white flowers. ‘Picotee Red’ has pink flowers, with white throats sparsely
midsummer onward above narrow, fresh subshrub. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). red, white-throated flowers. penciled purplish-red, in summer and
green foliage. Z9–11 In late spring and early summer, funnel- P. heterophyllus (Foothill penstemon). fall. Z7–10
P. ‘Barbara Barker’. See P. ‘Beech Park’. shaped, violet to ruby-red flowers, with Evergreen subshrub. H and S 12–20in P. ‘Mother of Pearl’ (illus. p.236).
P. barbatus, syn. Chelone barbata (illus. protruding lips, develop from leaf axils. (30–50cm). In summer, produces racemes Narrow-leaved perennial. H to 21⁄2ft (75cm),
p.237). Semievergreen, rosette-forming Leaves are small, ovate to rounded, and of tubular to funnel-shaped, pinkish-blue S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Bears small, tubular to bell-
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 12–20in (30–50cm). leathery. Trim after flowering. Z4–8. flowers, with blue or lilac lobes. Leaves are shaped, pearl-mauve flowers, tinted pink
From midsummer to early fall, bears var. menziesii ‘Microphyllus’, linear to lance-shaped, unlobed, and mid- and white, with white throats and red
racemes of slightly nodding, tubular, H to 3in (7cm), S 10in (25cm), is dense green or bluish-green. (borderline) Z6–10. lines, from midsummer to early or mid-fall.
2-lipped, rose-red flowers. Flower stems and mat-forming, and bears violet-blue ‘Heavenly Blue’ (illus. p.237), H and S to Z9–11
rise from rosettes of oblong to ovate, mid- flowers. Good planted at a trough edge. 16in (40cm), produces tubular, mauve- P. newberryi. Evergreen, mat-forming
green leaves. Z4–8 P. diffusus. See P. serrulatus. tinged, blue flowers from midsummer shrub. H 10in (25cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has
P. ‘Beech Park’, syn. P. ‘Barbara Barker’ P. digitalis ‘Husker Red’ (illus. p.236). until the first frosts. ‘True Blue’ has small, ovate, leathery, dark green leaves.
(illus. p.236). Semievergreen perennial. Vigorous, semievergreen or deciduous, pale green leaves and pure blue flowers, Bears short sprays of tubular, lipped, deep
H 30in (75cm), S 10in (25cm). Leaves are basal-rosetted perennial. H 20–30in borne on short side shoots. Trim back after rose-pink flowers in early summer. Trim
linear and light green. Bears bright pink (50–75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has stems often flowering. Suitable for a rock garden. back after flowering. Good for a rock
and white flowers. Z6–10 marked reddish-purple and inversely P. ‘Hidcote Pink’ (illus. p.236). Narrow- garden. Z6–9. f. humilior illus. p.340.
P. ‘Blackbird’. Vigorous, semievergreen lance-shaped, unlobed, sparsely toothed, leaved perennial. H 24–30in (60–75cm), P. ‘Old Candy Pink’, syn. P. ‘Candy
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). mid-green leaves that are maroon-red S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Produces small, tubular, Pink’. Strong-growing, semievergreen
Has willowy, purplish-red stems clothed in when young. Produces panicles of tubular pale pink flowers, with spreading lobes perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 16–18in (40–
long, lance-shaped, dark green leaves. to bell-shaped, pink-tinted, white flowers, marked with crimson lines inside, from 45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
Bears racemes of deep red-purple flowers, with purple lines inside, in summer. Z3–8 midsummer to early or mid-fall. Z9–11 leaves. Produces bright crimson flowers,
the throats densely streaked deep red, P. ‘Ellenbank Amethyst’. Bushy, P. hirsutus. Short-lived, evergreen, with darker crimson lines in the white
from late summer to fall. Z6–10 semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm), open subshrub. H 16–32in (40–80cm), throats and small, rounded, white patches
P. ‘Burford Seedling’. See P. ‘Burgundy’. S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid- S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Leaves are ovate and at the bases of each lobe, from early
P. ‘Burford White’. See P. ‘White green leaves. In summer, bears racemes dark green. In summer, produces hairy, summer to mid-fall. Z8–10
Bedder’. of large, tubular, soft purple, white- tubular, lipped, purple- or blue-flushed, P. ‘Osprey’ (illus. p.236). Vigorous, open-
P. ‘Burgundy’, syn. P. ‘Burford Seedling’ throated flowers, each edged vivid white flowers. Suitable for a rock garden. branched, semievergreen perennial. H 2ft
(illus. p.237). Robust, semievergreen rosy-purple. Z5–8 Z4–8. var. pygmaeus illus. p.361. (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped to
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). P. ‘Hopley’s Variegated’ (illus. p.237).
PERESKIA
ovate, mid-green leaves. Bears creamy- summer and fall. Z8–10 P. ‘Torquay Gem’. Semievergreen, ovate, fleshy leaves, 3–6in (8–15cm) long, P
white flowers, with spreading, purplish- P. ‘Rich Ruby’. Strong-growing, erect, woody-based perennial. H 2ft (60cm), are dark green, edged with red. Flowers Q
pink lobes and white throats, from semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has light green, long, are insignificant. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C).
midsummer to early fall. As the flowers S 2ft (60cm). Red-purple stems bear lance- lance-shaped leaves. Bears deep rose-red ‘Variegata’ has leaves with cream and
age, the pink coloration deepens and shaped to ovate, dark green leaves. From flowers, with a few carmine lines in the red margins.
extends into the flower tubes. Z9–11 summer to fall, produces large, rich, dark white throats, in summer and fall. P. dolabriformis (Prayer peperomia).
P. ‘Papal Purple’ (illus. p.237). Mound- red-purple blooms, with white throats Z7–10 Robust, erect perennial, becoming woody
forming, semievergreen perennial. H 20in heavily streaked and suffused dark red, P. whippleanus (illus. p.237). Erect, with age. H to 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm).
(50cm), S 14in (35cm). Has narrowly lance- coalescing into a dark brown-purple patch semievergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. Has succulent, purse-shaped, bright green
shaped, mid-green leaves. In summer, at the mouth of each flower tube. Z9–11 H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has rounded leaves, the 2 halves of each leaf folded
bears small, rather rounded, white- P. ‘Royal White’. See P. ‘White Bedder’. basal leaves and slender stems bearing upward and fused along the dark green
throated, lilac-purple flowers. Z6–9 P. ‘Rubicundus’ (illus. p.237). Erect, lance-shaped, glossy, pale green leaves. In margins. Leafy stems bear small spikes
P. ‘Pennington Gem’. Vigorous, semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft summer, bears clusters of pendent, tubular, of white flowers. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C)
semievergreen perennial. H to 21⁄2ft (75cm), (60cm). Leaves are linear and light green. dark purple flowers, with cream-marked P. glabella (Wax privet) illus. p.474.
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has narrow, fresh green Bears very large, bright red flowers, each throats, on the flower spike. Z4–8 P. griseoargentea, syn. P. hederifolia
leaves. Bears sprays of tubular, pink with a white throat. Z8–10 P. ‘White Bedder’, syn. P. ‘Burford (Ivy-leaf peperomia), illus. p.474.
flowers from midsummer to fall. Z9–11 P. rupicola. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. White’, P. ‘Royal White’, P. ‘Snow Storm’ P. hederifolia. See P. griseoargentea.
P. ‘Pensham Just Jayne’ (illus. p.237). H 4in (10cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has rounded (illus p.236). Semievergreen, free-flowering P. magnoliifolia. See P. obtusifolia.
Robust, bushy, semievergreen perennial. to ovate, fleshy, blue-gray leaves. In perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has P. metallica. Evergreen perennial with
H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has lance- summer, bears variable, funnel-shaped, white flowers with dark anthers, and linear, erect, branching, reddish-green stems.
shaped to ovate, deep green leaves. pale to deep pink flowers. Best in a rock fresh green leaves. Z9–11 H and S to 6in (15cm). Elliptic, dark green
Produces rich, deep cerise-pink flowers, garden. Z5–9 leaves, to 1in (2.5cm) long, have a metallic
with faintly white-lined, magenta throats, P. ‘Russian River’ (illus. p.237). PENTACHONDRA sheen, and wide, pale midribs above,
from early summer to fall. Z9–11 Vigorous, stout, erect, semievergreen reddish-green veins below. Flowers are
P. ‘Pensham Victoria Plum’. Robust, perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 16in (40cm). ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE insignificant. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C)
semievergreen perennial. H 20in (50cm), Purplish stems bear mid-green, lance- P. nummulariifolia. See P. rotundifolia.
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, shaped leaves. In summer, produces Genus of evergreen, spreading shrubs P. obtusifolia, syn. P. magnoliifolia
bright green leaves. In summer, produces racemes of tubular, plum-purple flowers, with heathlike leaves. Frost hardy. Needs (Pepper face). Evergreen, upright then
spikes of bright blue-purple flowers with each with a lavender-purple throat lined full light and gritty, moist, peaty soil. spreading perennial with leathery,
burgundy-purple-marked, white throats. with darker markings. Z7–9 Difficult to grow, especially in hot, dry dull green leaves. H and S 10in (25cm).
Z8–10 P. ‘Schoenholzeri’, syn. P. ‘Firebird’ areas. Propagate by rooted offsets in Bears spikes of white flowers. Z11–12
P. ‘Pershore Fanfare’. Vigorous, semi- (illus. p.237). Vigorous, semievergreen, spring, by semiripe cuttings in summer, (min. 50˚F/10˚C). ‘Green and Gold’ has
evergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft upright perennial. H 21⁄2ft (75cm), S 2ft or by seed in fall. green leaves with golden-yellow margins.
(45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green (60cm). Produces racemes of trumpet- P. pumila. Evergreen, mat-forming, ‘Variegata’ illus. p.474.
leaves. In summer, bears racemes of large, shaped, brilliant scarlet flowers from mid- dense shrub. H 3in (8cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has P. rotundifolia, syn. P. nummulariifolia
tubular, lavender-blue flowers, each with a summer to fall. Lance-shaped to narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, purplish-green (Creeping buttons). Evergreen, creeping
white throat striped in darker purple. Z8–10 ovate leaves are mid-green. Z7–10 leaves. Small, tubular, white flowers, with perennial. H 11⁄4in (3cm), S to 10in (25cm).
P. pinifolius illus. p.340. ‘Mersea P. scouleri. See P. fruticosus var. scouleri. reflexed lobes, open in early summer, Very slender stems produce tiny, rounded,
Yellow’ is an evergreen, bushy subshrub. P. serrulatus, syn. P. diffusus, illus. p.341. followed, although rarely in cultivation, fleshy, bright green leaves, 1cm (1⁄2in) wide.
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 10in (25cm). Produces P. ‘Six Hills’. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. by small, spherical, orange fruits. Z9–11 Flowers are insignificant. Useful for a
branched stems clothed in fine, dark green H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has rounded, hanging basket. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C)
leaves. In summer, very narrow, tubular, fleshy, gray-green leaves. In summer, Pentapterygium. See Agapetes. P. rubella. Evergreen perennial with
bright deep yellow flowers open in loose, bears funnel-shaped, cool lilac flowers at branching, red stems. H to 8in (20cm),
terminal spikes. (borderline) Z8–10. stem tips. Suitable for a rock garden. Z4–8 PENTAS S 10in (25cm). Leaves, in whorls of 4 or 5,
‘Wisley Flame’ has bright orange-red P. ‘Snow Storm’. See P. ‘White Bedder’. are around 1⁄2in (1cm) long, narrowly
flowers. P. ‘Sour Grapes’ (illus. p.237). RUBIACEAE ovate, fleshy and pale to dark green above,
P. ‘Port Wine’ (illus. p.237). Vigorous, Semievergreen perennial. H 2ft (60cm), with paler veins, crimson below. Flowers
upright, semievergreen perennial. H 3ft S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Light green leaves are Genus of mainly evergreen perennials, are insignificant. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C)
(90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped. Bears deep biennials, and shrubs, grown for their P. sandersii. See P. argyreia.
ovate, mid- to dark green leaves. Produces purple-blue flowers suffused violet, from flowers. Frost tender. Needs full light or P. scandens. Evergreen, climbing
deep claret to deep purple flowers, with midsummer to early or mid-fall. Z7–10 partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. or trailing perennial with pinkish-green
white throats heavily penciled deep claret, P. ‘Southgate Gem’. Vigorous, semi- Water freely in full growth, moderately at stems. H to 8in (20cm), S to 20in (50cm).
from early summer to fall. Z9–11 evergreen perennial. H 21⁄2ft (75cm), S 11⁄2ft other times. May be hard pruned in winter. Heart-shaped, fleshy leaves, to 2in (5cm)
P. procerus. Upright, semievergreen (45cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer or more long, are waxy and bright green.
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm). leaves. Produces an abundance of bright or by seed in spring. Prone to whitefly. Flowers are insignificant. Z11–12 (min.
Leaves are oblong to lance-shaped. Bears rose-red flowers, with white throats sparsely P. carnea. See P. lanceolata. 50˚F/10˚C)
slim spikes of funnel-shaped, blue-purple penciled crimson, in summer and fall. Z7–10 P. lanceolata, syn. P. carnea (Egyptian
flowers in summer. Suitable for a rock P. ‘Stapleford Gem’ (illus. p.236). Large- star, Star cluster), illus. p.300. PERESKIA 661
garden. Z4–7. ‘Roy Davidson’, H to 4–6in leaved, semievergreen perennial. H to 2ft
(10–15cm), is compact, with white-lipped, (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Bears large, tubular PEPEROMIA CACTACEAE
pink flowers. to bell-shaped, lilac-purple flowers from
P. pulchellus. See P. campanulatus. midsummer to early or mid-fall; upper lips PIPERACEAE Genus of deciduous cacti, some of which
P. ‘Purple and White’. See P. ‘Countess are pale pink-lilac; lower lips and throats are climbing, with fleshy leaves and woody
of Dalkeith’. are white with purple lines. Leaves are Genus of evergreen, sometimes succulent, stems. Considered the most primitive genus
P. ‘Raven’ (illus. p.237). Strong-growing, linear to lance-shaped and mid-green. perennials, grown for their foliage. Frost of the Cactaceae, producing true leaves
erect, semievergreen perennial. H 31⁄2ft (borderline) Z7–10 tender. Grow in full light or partial shade. unlike most members of the family. Frost
(1.1m), S 18–20in (45–50cm). Has lance- P. Stromboli (‘Yaboli’) (illus. p.236). Do not overwater. Propagate by division, tender. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
shaped to ovate, mid- to dark green leaves. Vigorous, semievergreen perennial. by seed, or by leaf or stem cuttings in Water moderately in summer. Propagate
Dark purple-red flowers, with white H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). spring or summer. by stem cuttings in spring or summer.
throats penciled faint, dark red in the Produces pale creamy-white flowers, P. argyreia, syn. P. sandersii (Watermelon P. aculeata (Barbados gooseberry, Lemon
tubes, coalescing into patches of blackish- with purplish-pink lobes and faintly plant). Evergreen, bushy, compact vine) illus. p.479. ‘Godseffiana’ (syn. P.a.
purple-red at the lobe bases, are borne purple-pink-streaked, white throats, in perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Red- var. godseffiana) is a fast-growing,
freely in summer and fall. Z9–11 summer and fall. Mid-green leaves are stalked, heart-shaped, fleshy, dark green deciduous, erect, then climbing cactus.
P. ‘Red Emperor’. Robust, erect, semi- lance-shaped to ovate. Z9–11 leaves, to 4in (10cm) or more long, are H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Broadly ovate,
evergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 18–20in P. ‘The Juggler’ (illus. p.236). Erect, striped with broad bands of silver. Flowers slightly fleshy, orange-brown leaves,
(45–50cm). Has lance-shaped to ovate, semievergreen perennial. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), are insignificant. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) usually purplish beneath and 31⁄2in (9cm)
mid-green leaves. Produces vivid, bright S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). Produces white- P. caperata (Emerald ripple) illus. p.465. long, mature to glossy green. Short flower
scarlet flowers, with a golden sheen and throated, magenta flowers in summer P. clusiifolia (Baby rubber plant). stems, bearing roselike, single, orange-
white throats streaked and suffused red, in and fall. Z4–9 Evergreen perennial with branching, centered, cream flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
sometimes prostrate, reddish-green stems.
H to 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). Narrowly
PERESKIA
are borne in fall only on plants over 3ft (1m) PERISTROPHE ‘Superba’ (illus. p.234) is vigorous and a rich brown chevron mark on each leaf.
high. Cut back hard to main stems in fall. ‘Painter’s Palette’ (illus. p.234) has
Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C) ACANTHACEAE has pale pink flowers, becoming deep green leaves with central, brown zones,
P. grandifolia, syn. Rhodocactus ivory-yellow splashes and stripes, and an
grandifolius (Rose cactus), illus. p.485. Genus of mainly evergreen perennials pinkish-red, with red sepals; leaves turn overall deep pink tinge. Seldom flowers in
and subshrubs, grown usually for their cultivation.
PERICALLIS flowers. Frost tender. Grow in a sunny rich brown in fall.
or partially shaded position and in well- P. amplexicaulis, syn. Bistorta PETASITES
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE drained soil; do not overwater plants in amplexicaulis, Polygonum amplexicaule.
winter. Propagate by stem cuttings in Clump-forming, leafy perennial. H and Butterbur
Genus of perennials and subshrubs, spring or summer. S 4ft (1.2m). Has ovate to heart-shaped,
sometimes grown as annuals, especially P. angustifolia. See P. hyssopifolia. mid-green leaves. Bears profuse spikes of ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
for their daisylike flower heads. Often small, rich red flowers from midsummer to
known as cinerarias. Frost tender. P. hyssopifolia, syn. P. angustifolia. early fall. Z4–7. ‘Alba’, H 3ft (90cm), S 48in Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile, Evergreen, bushy perennial. H to 2ft (120cm), has showy spikes of white for their usually large leaves and value as
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown (60cm), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Broadly lance- flowers. ‘Blotau’ see P.a. Taurus. groundcover. Good for a wild garden or
from spring to midsummer. shaped leaves, with long-pointed tips, are ‘Firetail’ (illus. p.234), H to 3–4ft (1–1.2m), beside a stream or pool; can be invasive.
P. x hybrida, syn. Cineraria cruentus of 3in (8cm) long. Small clusters of tubular, S to 2ft (60cm), bears slender spikes of Fully hardy to frost hardy. Tolerates sun or
gardens, C. x hybridus, Senecio cruentus, deep rose-pink flowers open in winter. bright red flowers above heart-shaped shade; prefers moist but well-drained soil.
S. x hybridus (Florist’s cineraria). Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C). leaves. tauruS (‘Blotau’), H to 32in (80cm), Propagate by division in spring or fall.
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 10–24in (25–60cm). ‘Aureovariegata’ illus. p.476. S to 3ft (100cm), bears bright crimson-red P. fragrans (Winter heliotrope).
Slow-growing, evergreen, mound- or flowers; is reputed to spread less than Spreading perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S 5ft
dome-shaped perennial. Cultivars are Pernettya. See Gaultheria. many other selections. (1.5). Has basal, kidney-shaped, toothed,
grown as biennials. All have ovate, P. bistorta, syn. Polygonum bistorta dark green leaves, on stalks to 1ft (30cm)
serrated, mid- to deep green leaves. Large, PEROVSKIA (Bistort). ‘Superba’ (illus. p.234) is a long. Small, vanilla-scented, daisylike,
daisylike, single, semidouble or double vigorous, clump-forming, semievergreen pinkish-white flower heads are produced
flower heads, in shades of blue, red, pink LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S to 2ft (60cm). in late winter before foliage. Z8–10
or white, sometimes bicolored, are borne Produces spikes of soft pink flowers above P. japonicus. Spreading perennial. H 31⁄2ft
in winter or spring. Z10–12 (min. 45˚F/7˚C). Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown ovate leaves in summer. Z4–7 (1.1m), S 5ft (1.5). Has large, kidney-
Jester Series cultivars, H and S 8–10in for their aromatic, gray-green foliage and P. campanulata, syn. Polygonum shaped, toothed, light green, basal leaves
(20–25cm), are compact, with flower heads blue flowers. Fully hardy. Requires a campanulatum (illus. p.234). Compact, on stalks 3ft (1m) long. In early spring,
in shades of blue, pink, scarlet, crimson, position in full sun and very well-drained mat-forming perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). bears dense cones of small, daisylike,
and carmine-red, sometimes with white soil. Cut plants back hard, almost to base, Has ovate leaves, brown-felted beneath. yellowish-white flowers before leaves
eyes. Senetti Series cultivars bear blue, in spring, as new growth starts. Propagate Bears branching heads of bell-shaped, emerge. Z5–9
violet, or magenta flower heads, including by softwood cuttings in late spring. pink or white flowers from midsummer
some bicolors; tolerant of low temperatures. P. atriplicifolia. Deciduous, upright to early fall. Z5–8. ‘Rosenrot’ (illus. x PETCHOA
Senetti Series Senetti Blue Bicolor subshrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Gray- p.234), H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), has reddish-
(‘Sunseneribuba’) illus. p.314. white stems bear narrowly ovate, coarsely pink flowers in summer. SOLANACEAE
toothed leaves. Produces 2-lipped, violet- P. capitata, syn. Polygonum capitatum.
P PERILLA blue flowers in long, slender spikes from Compact, spreading perennial. H 3in (8cm), Hybrids of Calibrachoa and Petunia,
Q late summer to mid-fall. H5 S 20in (50cm). Small, ovate leaves are sometimes called calitunias. Trailing, free-
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE P. ‘Blue Spire’ illus. p.159. green with darker marks. Small, round flowering perennials, grown as annuals for
heads of pink flowers are borne in summer. their flowers in many colors. Frost tender.
Genus of annuals, grown for their PERSICARIA Suitable for a rock garden or bank. Z9–11 Requires full sun; grow as for Petunia.
aromatic foliage, often variegated or P. macrophylla, syn. Polygonum Good as summer bedding, and in hanging
flushed red or bronze. Frost hardy. Grow syn. ACONOGONON, BISTORTA, macrophyllum, Polygonum baskets and containers. Propagate by
in sun and in fertile, well-drained soil. TOVARA sphaerostachyum, illus. p.265. cuttings; does not set seed.
Pinch out growing tips of young plants to notweed P. microcephala. Spreading, leafy, x P. SuperCal Series Supercal neon
encourage a bushy habit. Propagate by rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), roSe (‘Kakegawa S89’) illus. p.303.
seed sown under glass in early spring. POLYGONACEAE S 3ft (1m) or more. Has lance-shaped, x P. ‘Kakegawa S89’. See x P. SuperCal
P. frutescens. Vigorous, upright, bushy, reddish-green leaves with darker zonal Series superCal neon rose.
hairy annual. H to 3ft (1m), S to 1ft (30cm). Genus of annuals, sometimes invasive markings. Branching stems bear small,
Has broadly ovate, pointed, serrated, perennials and rarely evergreen, rounded heads of minute, white flowers PETREA
aromatic, mid-green leaves, sometimes semievergreen, or deciduous subshrubs. in summer. Z6–8. ‘Red Dragon’ (syn. P.
flecked purple. In summer, bears spikes Grown for their attractive fall leaf color ‘Red Dragon’; illus. p.234), H to 41⁄2ft (1.3m), VERBENACEAE
of tiny, tubular, white flowers. Z9–11 and their spikes or panicles of small, has deep red leaves, each marked with a
P. ‘Magilla Vanilla’ illus. p.318. usually long-lasting, white, pink, or red silvery chevron. Leaves develop greenish Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
flowers. Fully hardy to half hardy. tints as they age. small trees, shrubs, and woody-stemmed,
662 PERIPLOCA Requires sun or partial shade and moist P. polymorpha. See P. alpina. twining climbers, grown for their flowers.
soil. Propagate by seed in spring; divide P. milletii, syn. Polygonum milletii. Frost tender. Needs full light and fertile,
APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE perennials in spring or fall. tContact Compact, semievergreen perennial. H and well-drained soil. Water regularly, less
with all parts may irritate skin; the sap S 2ft (60cm). Narrow, lance-shaped leaves when not in full growth. Provide support.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. are mid-green. Produces slender spikes of Thin out and spur back crowded growth
and twining climbers, grown for their P. alpina, syn. P. polymorpha (illus. p.234). rich crimson flowers from midsummer to in spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
attractive leaves. Stems exude milky juice Clump-forming, leafy perennial. H and early fall. Z8–11 in summer. Mealy bug and whitefly may
if cut. Frost hardy. Grow in sun and in any S 6ft (2m) or more. Stout, branching stems P. ‘Red Dragon’. See P. microcephala cause problems.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in bear large, elliptic- to lance-shaped, mid- ‘Red Dragon’. P. volubilis (Purple wreath, Queen’s
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. green leaves. In midsummer, produces P. vacciniifolia, syn. Polygonum wreath) illus. p.463.
tThe fruits and sap may cause stomach frothy, heads of tiny, long-lasting, creamy- vacciniifolium, illus. p.373.
upset if ingested. white flowers at stem tips. Z3–8 P. virginiana, syn. Polygonum PETROCOSMEA
P. graeca (Silk vine). Deciduous, twining P. affinis, syn. Polygonum affine. virginianum, Tovara virginiana. Rather
climber. H to 28ft (9m). Ovate, glossy leaves Mat-forming, evergreen perennial. H to variable, clump-forming perennial. GESNERIACEAE
are 1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. In summer, has 10in (25cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Stout H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2– 41⁄2ft (60–140cm).
clusters of 8–12 greenish-yellow flowers, stems bear small, lance-shaped, glossy, Ovate, pale green leaves have brownish- Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
purplish-brown inside, each with 5 lobes. green leaves that turn red-bronze in mauve blotches, brightest in spring. In perennials. Frost tender. Needs shade and
Pairs of narrowly cylindrical seed pods, winter. From midsummer to mid-fall, late summer and early fall, bears spikes well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate by seed
5in (12cm) long, contain winged, tufted produces dense spikes of small, funnel- of tiny, green flowers. Z4–8. ‘Batwings’, in early spring or by leaf cuttings in early
seeds. Scent of the flowers is thought by shaped, rose-red flowers, fading to pale H and S to 32in (80cm), has narrrowly summer.
some to be unpleasant. Good for training pink. Good on a bank or in a rock garden. ovate leaves with a dark red chevron P. kerrii illus. p.361.
on a pergola, trellis, or wires against a Z3–8. ‘Darjeeling Red’, S 20in (50cm), mark. var. filiformis ‘Lance Corporal’
wall. Z9–11 has long spikes of deep red flowers. (illus. p.234), H and S to 32in (80cm), has Petrophyton. See Petrophytum.
‘Donald Lowndes’ illus. p.365.
PHALARIS
PETROPHYTUM branching, bushy plants, H 6–12in (15– Weather resistant. Z10–11. ‘Blue Vein’ PHAEDRANASSA
30cm), S 1ft (30cm), with ovate, mid- to illus. p.312.
syn. PETROPHyTOn deep green leaves, usually 2–5in (5–12cm) P. Picobella Series. Compact, vigorous, AMARYLLIDACEAE
Rock spiraea long. From late spring to late fall, they spreading Milliflora petunias. H 6–10in (15–
produce flared, trumpet-shaped, single or 25cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Produces flowers in Genus of bulbs with tubular, often pendent
ROSACEAE double flowers in a wide range of colors colors including white, rose-pink, carmine- flowers. Frost tender. Needs full sun or
(available in mixtures or singly), including red, light lavender-blue, and blue. Weather partial shade and fairly rich, well-drained
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering blue, violet, purple, red, pink, and white. resistant. Z10–11 soil. Feed with high-potash fertilizer in
subshrubs, grown for their spikes of small, Some have dark veining, central white P. Shock Wave Series. Mound-forming, summer. Reduce watering in winter.
fluffy flowers. Good for growing on tufa stars, halos (throats in contrasting colors), spreading, semitrailing Multiflora petunias. Propagate by seed or offsets in spring.
or in alpine houses. Fully hardy. Needs sun or picotee margins. H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 2–3ft (60–90cm). Bear P. carmiolii illus. p.410.
and gritty, very well-drained, alkaline soil. prolific, single flowers in ivory, pink
May be difficult to grow. Propagate by The cultivars mostly fall into Grandiflora shades, pink with dark veins, purple, or Phaedranthus buccinatorius. See
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer and Multiflora groups; other groups rose. Z10–11. ‘Denim’ illus. p.311. Distictis buccinatoria.
or by seed in fall. In hot weather, red include Floribunda, Milliflora, and P. Sophistica Series. Grandiflora
spider mite and aphids may be a problem. Spreading petunias: petunias. H and S 10–15in (25–38cm). Bear Phaiophleps biflora. See Olsynium
P. caespitosum. Evergreen, mat-forming pink, blue, lime-green, or dark reddish- biflorum.
subshrub. H 2in (5cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has Floribunda petunias are crosses between burgundy flowers. Z10–11. Flowers of
clusters of small, spoon-shaped, silky- Grandiflora and Multiflora types. ‘Antique Shades’ combine pale pink and PHAIUS
hairy, bluish-green leaves. Flower stems, Grandiflora petunias have very large cream. ‘Lime Bicolor’ has irregularly
3⁄4in (2cm) long, each bear a conical spike flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, but they are splashed, lime-green and pink flowers and ORCHIDACEAE
of small, fluffy, white flowers, with easily damaged by rain and are best grown is good in containers.
prominent stamens, in summer. Z5–9 in sheltered hanging baskets and pots. P. ‘Stars and Stripes’. Compact, See also ORCHIDS.
P. hendersonii. Evergreen, mound- Milliflora petunias are dwarf, arising Grandiflora petunia. H and S 10–12in P. tankervilleae (illus. p.467). Semi-
forming subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 8in from a genetic mutation, with flowers (25–30cm). Produces blue, crimson, red, evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 3ft (1m).
(20cm). Has branched stems covered in around 11⁄2in (4cm) across. or rose-pink flowers, each petal marked Leaves are broadly ovate, ribbed and 2ft
hairy, rounded, blue-green leaves. Conical Multiflora petunias are bushier than the centrally with a bold, white stripe. Z10–11 (60cm) long. Tall spikes of flowers, 31⁄2in
spikes of small, cup-shaped, fluffy, white Grandiflora petunias, and produce smaller P. Surfinia Series. Strongly trailing (9cm) across, brown within, silvery-gray
to creamy flowers are produced on 1in flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in greater petunias. H 9–16in (23–40cm), S 1–3ft (30– outside and each with a long, red-marked,
(2.5cm) stems in summer. Z5–8 quantity. They tend to be more resistant to 90cm). More vigorous and branching than pink lip, open in early summer. Provide
rain damage, and are excellent for summer many other petunias, freely bearing partial shade in summer. Z11–12 (min.
PETRORHAGIA bedding or for a mixed border. Grandiflora- and Multiflora-sized flowers 59˚F/15˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C)
Spreading petunias are low-growing, in over 50 colors and forms, some double
CARYOPHYLLACEAE with trailing stems and flowers 2–3in and some with veins. They tolerate wet PHALAENOPSIS P
(5-8cm) across. They are suitable for weather well; are ideal for hanging baskets Q
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown groundcover. and window boxes. Available only as Moth orchid
for their flowers. Suitable for banks and young plants, propagated by softwood
rock gardens. Frost hardy. Prefers sun P. Double Duo Series. Compact, early- cuttings. Z10–11. Surfinia Blue Vein ORCHIDACEAE
and well-drained, sandy soil. Propagate flowering, branching, Multiflora petunias. (‘Sunsolos’) illus. p.311. Surfinia lime
by seed in fall. Self-seeds readily. H and S 10–16in (25–40cm). Bear double, (‘Keiyeul’) illus. p.316. ‘Surfinia Purple’ See also ORCHIDS.
P. saxifraga, syn. Tunica saxifraga (Tunic sometimes semidouble, flowers that are is a vigorous Grandiflora petunia, bearing P. Allegria gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
flower), illus. p.361. ‘Rosette’ is a compact, pink, salmon- or lavender-pink, burgundy- abundant, magenta flowers with purple orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 3ft (1m).
mat-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in red, blue, or bicolored red-and-white or veining. ‘Surfinia White’ has pure white Broadly ovate, fleshy leaves are 6in (15cm)
(15cm). Has tufts of grasslike leaves. In rose-pink and white. Z10–11 flowers with dark throats. long. Bears sprays of white flowers, to 5in
summer, slender stems bear a profusion P. Double Pirouette Series. Compact, P. Tidal Wave Series. Spreading, dense- (12cm) across; flowering season varies.
of cup-shaped, double, pale pink flowers, strongly branching, Grandiflora petunias. growing, seed-raised Multiflora petunias. Needs shade in summer. Z12 (min.
sometimes veined deeper pink. Z5–7 H and S 10–16in (25–40cm). Double flowers H 8–10in (20–25cm), S to 3ft (90cm). Bear 64˚F/18˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C)
may be blue, burgundy-red, pink, or purple-pink, bright pink, silver-pink, or P. cornu-cervi. Evergreen, epiphytic
Petrosedum. See Sedum. bicolored purple and white, red and white, cherry-red flowers, some with darker orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 6in
or rose-pink and white. Z10–11. ‘Orchid centers. Are weather resistant and suitable (15cm). Has broadly ovate leaves, 4in
PETTERIA Mist’ has flowers combining shades of for groundcover. Z10–11 (10cm) long. Yellowish-green flowers,
pale pink; is weather resistant. P. Wave Series. Floribunda petunias 2in (5cm) across, with brown marks, are
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE P. Duo Series. Multiflora petunias. with trailing stems. H 4–6in (10–15cm), borne successively, either singly or in
H to 1ft (30cm), S 1–3ft (30–90cm). Produce S 36–42in (90–110cm) or more. Single pairs, in summer. Needs shade in summer.
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, double flowers in colors including pink, flowers may be white, pink, lavender-pink, Z12 (min. 64˚F/18˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C)
grown for its flowers. Related to Laburnum, lavender-pink, red, and burgundy, some pale lilac-blue, deep blue, and purple, P. Lady Pink Lips gx (illus. p.466).
differing in its erect racemes. Fully hardy. with dark veining and some bicolors. sometimes with contrasting centers or Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a warm
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained Tolerate wet weather, but are best in darker veining. Excellent for temporary greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Broadly ovate
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in containers or under glass. Z10–11 groundcover; keep well fertilized for best leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Tall, pendent
summer or by seed in fall. tThe seeds P. Easy Wave Series. Spreading, early- results. Z10–11 spikes of pink flowers, 31⁄2in (9cm) across,
may cause stomach upset if ingested. flowering, Multiflora petunias. H 10in are produced at varying times of year.
P. ramentacea (Dalmatian laburnum). (25cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Bears flowers in PHACELIA Requires shade in summer. Z12 (min.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft a wide color range that includes shell- 64˚F/18˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C)
(1m). Mid-green leaves each have 3 ovate pink, coral-orange, bright burgundy-red, BORAGINACEAE P. Lundy gx (illus. p.467). Evergreen,
leaflets. Has dense, upright spikes of and plum-purple. More mounding than epiphytic orchid for a warm greenhouse.
fragrant, laburnumlike, yellow flowers in Wave Series cultivars. Z10–11. ‘Mystic Genus of annuals, biennials, and H 6in (15cm). Broadly ovate leaves are 9in
late spring and early summer. Z7–10 Pink’ illus. p.303. perennials. Fully hardy. Grow in sun and (23cm) long. Has sprays of red-striped,
P. Express Series. Compact, mound- in fertile, well-drained soil. Tall species yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering
PETUNIA forming, Grandiflora petunias. H to 1ft may need support. Propagate by seed season varies. Grow in shade in summer.
(30cm), S 1–3ft (30–90cm). Trailing stems sown outdoors in spring or early fall. Z12 (min. 64˚F/18˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C)
SOLANACEAE bear flowers in many hues, including pure tContact with foliage may aggravate
white, red, shades of pink, and blue; some skin allergies. PHALARIS 663
Genus of annuals and perennials, always are picotees or marked with contrasting P. campanularia (California bluebell)
grown as annuals, with showy, colorful “stars.” Are weather resistant. Z10–11 illus. p.314. POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
flowers. Half hardy. Grow in a sunny site, P. Frenzy Series. Vigorous Grandiflora P. tanacetifolia. Upright, moderately
sheltered from wind, in fertile, well-drained petunias. H 10in (25cm), S 1ft (30cm). fast-growing annual. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
soil. Deadhead regularly. Propagate by Produce flowers in a wide color range (45cm). Has feathery, deep green leaves. and SEDGES.
seed sown under glass in fall or mid- that includes white, pink, blue, and red; In summer, bears spikes of bell-shaped, P. arundinacea var. picta, syn. P.a.
spring. May suffer from viruses, including flowers are sometimes veined, with lavender-blue flowers. (borderline) Z3–10 ‘Picta’ (Gardener’s garters). Evergreen,
cucumber mosaic and tomato spotted wilt. “stars,” “halos,” or picotee margins. spreading, perennial grass. H to 1.5m (3ft)
in flower, S indefinite. Has broad, white-
The many cultivars that have been striped leaves and bears narrow panicles
produced are moderately fast-growing, of spikelets in summer. Z4–9. ‘Feesey’
PHALARIS
(syn. P.a. var. picta ‘Mervyn Feesey’) is green, ovate and toothed. Dense clusters P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense fronds regularly. Propagate by division in
flushed pink at the stem bases, and has of very fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers, shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves are spring or by spores in summer.
light green leaves with broad white with sometimes purple-flushed, green narrowly oblong and dark green. Small, P. aureum, syn. Polypodium aureum
stripes, and panicles with a faint purplish sepals, open from early to midsummer. fragrant, 4-lobed, greenish-white flowers (Golden polypody), illus. p.479.
flush. ‘Mervyn Feesey’ see P.a. var. Z6–9. f. melanocalyx illus. p.131. in late spring and early summer are followed P. pseudoaureum, syn. Polypodium
picta ‘Feesey’. f. melanocalyx ‘Nyman’s Variety’ has by spherical, blue-black fruits. Z7–11 areolatum, Polypodium pseudoaureum.
flowers that open flat, thus appearing to P. decora. See Osmanthus decorus. Evergreen fern. H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm).
Phanerophlebia fortunei. See be larger. P. latifolia. Evergreen, rounded shrub Has creeping, orange-scaled rhizomes and
Cyrtomium fortunei. P. ‘Innocence’. Deciduous, upright or tree. H and S to 30ft (9m). Has ovate, arching, deeply lobed, glaucous fronds
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has arching glossy, dark green leaves. Bears tiny, with two rows of orange-yellow sporangia
Pharbitis. See Ipomoea. branches and ovate leaves, strongly fragrant, 4-lobed, greenish-white flowers on the reverse of each pinna. Z9–11
Phaseolus caracalla. See Vigna mottled yellow. In early or midsummer, from late spring to early summer, then
bears single, sometimes semidouble, cup- spherical, blue-black fruits. Z7–11 PHLOMIS
caracalla. shaped, very fragrant white flowers. Z4–8
Phedimus. See Sedum. P. x lemoinei. See P. ‘Lemoinei’. PHILODENDRON LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
P. ‘Lemoinei’, syn. P. x lemoinei, illus. p.129.
PHEGOPTERIS P. ‘Manteau d’ Hermine’ illus. p.149. ARACEAE Genus of herbaceous, sometimes
P. ‘Silberregen’, syn. P. ‘Silver Showers’. semievergreen, summer-flowering
Beech fern Deciduous, rounded shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), Genus of often epiphytic, evergreen, perennials and evergreen shrubs or
S 5ft (1.5). Has upright, arching shoots sometimes treelike perennials and woody- subshrubs, grown for their conspicuous,
THELYPTERIDACEAE with ovate leaves. Solitary, single, cup- based root-climbers, grown for their hooded flowers, which are borne in dense
shaped, strawberry-scented, pure white handsome leaves. Intermittently bears whorls, and for their foliage. Fully hardy
Genus of deciduous ferns. Fully hardy. flowers are profusely borne in early insignificant flowers. Frost tender. Needs to frost hardy. Prefers full sun and well-
Grow in partial shade and in humus-rich, summer. Z4–8 partial shade and humus-rich, well- drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall;
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by P. ‘Silver Showers’. See P. ‘Silberregen’. drained soil. Water moderately, sparingly shrubs by softwood cuttings in summer;
division in spring or by spores in summer. P. ‘Sybille’ illus. p.128. in cold weather. Provide support. Young perennials by division in spring.
P. decursive-pinnata. Deciduous fern. P. ‘Virginal’ illus. p.129. stem tips may be removed to promote P. cashmeriana. Evergreen, upright
H 32in (80cm), S 16in (40cm). Narrowly P. White Rock (‘Pekphil’). Free- branching. Propagate by leaf-bud or stem- perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
lance-shaped, pale green fronds, each flowering, deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft tip cuttings in summer. tAll parts may Narrowly ovate, mid-green leaves have
tapering gradually to a stalk, are produced (1.5), S 6ft (2m). Has ovate, sparsely cause severe discomfort if ingested; woolly, white undersides. Bears abundant,
in tufts. Z5–9 toothed, dark green leaves on flexible, contact with sap may irritate skin. 2-lipped, pale lilac flowers in summer.
arching branches. In early summer, bears P. auritum of gardens. See Syngonium (borderline) Z4–10
PHELLODENDRON large, lightly scented, single or semidouble, auritum. P. chrysophylla. Evergreen, rounded,
white flowers; branches are often bowed P. bipinnatifidum, syn. P. selloum stiffly branched shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
RUTACEAE down with the weight of flowers. Z4–8 (Tree philodendron), illus. p.458. Ovate leaves are gray-green when young,
P. domesticum, syn. P. hastatum of becoming golden-green. Produces
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their x PHILAGERIA gardens (Elephant’s ear). Evergreen, fairly 2-lipped, golden-yellow flowers in early
foliage, which colors well in fall. Male and slow-growing, woody-based, root climber. summer. Z5–10
female flowers are produced on different PHILESIACEAE H 10–20ft (3–6m) Lustrous, bright green P. fruticosa (Jerusalem sage) illus. p.160.
plants. Fully hardy, but young growth is leaves, 12–16in (30–40cm) long, are arrow- P. italica illus. p.152.
prone to damage by late frosts. Needs full Hybrid genus (Philesia x Lapageria) of shaped on young plants and later have P. longifolia var. bailanica. Evergreen,
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best one evergreen, scrambling or twining prominent, basal lobes. Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C) bushy shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m).
in hot summers. Propagate by softwood shrub. Frost hardy. Grow in partial shade P. erubescens (Blushing philodendron, Leaves are broadly ovate, deeply veined
and well-drained, preferably acidic soil. Red-leaf philodendron). Evergreen, erect, and dark green. Produces 2-lipped, deep
P cuttings in summer, by seed in fall, or by Propagate by layering in late summer woody-based, root climber. H 10–20ft yellow flowers from early to midsummer.
Q root cuttings in late winter. or fall. (3–6m) Ovate to triangular leaves, 6–10in (borderline) Z4–10
x P. veitchii. Evergreen, scrambling or (15–25cm) long, have long, red stalks and P. russeliana illus. p.243.
P. amurense (Amur cork tree). twining shrub. H 10–12ft (3–4m). Produces are dark green with a lustrous, coppery P. tuberosa ‘Amazone’.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 46ft (14m), oblong, slightly toothed leaves. Nodding, flush. Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C). ‘Burgundy’, Deciduous, clump-forming, drought-
S 50ft (15m). Has corky, dark bark when tubular, rose-pink flowers are borne in leaf H 6ft (2m) or more, has narrowly oblong, resistant perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m),
old. Aromatic leaves, each with up to 13 axils in summer. Z9–11 red-flushed, deep green leaves, to 1ft (30cm) S 2–3ft (0.6-1m). Produces handsome,
oblong leaflets, are glossy, dark green, long, wine-red beneath. dark gray-green, toothed leaves from
becoming yellow in fall. Tiny, green PHILESIA P. hastatum of gardens. See P. domesticum. the basal clump. Strong, reddish-purple,
flowers in early summer are followed by P. hederaceum, syn. P. scandens (Heart leafy stems bear whorls of hooded, pale-
small, rounded, black fruits. Z3–8 PHILESIACEAE leaf), illus. p.463. lavender flowers in mid- and late summer.
P. chinense illus. p.75. P. laciniatum. See P. pedatum. Striking seed heads follow. Good for
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, P. melanochrysum (Black gold gravel gardens in full sun. Z5–10
Phemeranthus sediformis. See grown for its showy flowers. Frost hardy, philodendron). Robust, fairly slow-growing,
Talinum sediforme. but thrives only in mild, moist areas. Needs evergreen, woody-based, root climber. PHLOX
partial shade and humus-rich, moist, H 10–20ft (3–6m) Heart-shaped leaves, to
664 PHILADELPHUS acidic soil. Apply an annual dressing of 30in (75cm) long, are lustrous, deep olive- POLEMONIACEAE
leaf mold. Propagate by semiripe cuttings green with a coppery sheen and pale
HYDRANGEACEAE in summer or by suckers in fall. veins. Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C) Genus of mainly late spring- or summer-
P. magellanica. Evergreen, erect shrub. P. pedatum, syn. P. laciniatum. Slow- flowering, herbaceous or evergreen
Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oblong, growing, evergreen, woody-based, root perennials, and a few shrubs and annuals,
flowering shrubs, grown for their usually dark green leaves are bluish-white beneath. climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m). Has ovate, glossy, grown for their terminal panicles or
fragrant flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Bears trumpet-shaped, waxy, crimson- deep green leaves, 12–32in (30–80cm) long, profusion of brightly colored flowers. Fully
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. pink flowers, in leaf axils, from midsummer with 5–7 large lobes. Z12 (min. 59˚F/15˚C) to frost hardy. Does best in sun or partial
After flowering, cut some older shoots to late fall. Z7–10 P. scandens. See P. hederaceum. shade and in fertile, moist but well-drained
back to young growths, leaving young P. selloum. See P. bipinnatifidum. soil; some species prefer acidic soil; in
shoots to flower the next year. Propagate PHILLYREA P. trifoliatum. See Syngonium auritum. light, dry soils is better grown in partial
by softwood cuttings in summer. May shade. Trim back rock garden species after
become infested with aphids. OLEACEAE PHLEBODIUM flowering. Propagate rock garden species
P. ‘Beauclerk’ illus. p.127. and hybrids by cuttings from non-flowering
P. ‘Belle Etoile’ illus. p.128. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, with POLYPODIACEAE shoots in spring or summer; species by
P. coronarius (Mock orange). inconspicuous flowers, grown for their seed in fall or spring; P. maculata,
‘Aureus’ is a deciduous, upright shrub. foliage. Fully hardy to frost hardy, but in Genus of semievergreen ferns growing on P. paniculata and their cultivars also by
H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5). Ovate, golden- cold areas requires shelter. Prefers full sun trees or rocks. Frost tender. Needs full division in early spring or by root cuttings
yellow, young leaves turn yellow-green in and in fertile, well-drained soil. To restrict light or partial shade and humus-rich, in winter; and annuals by seed in spring.
summer. Protect from full sun. Clusters of growth, cut back in spring. Propagate by moist but well-drained soil. Remove fading P. maculata, P. paniculata, and their
very fragrant, 4-petaled, creamy-white semiripe cuttings in summer.
flowers are produced in early summer.
Z4–8. ‘Variegatus’ illus. p.131.
P. ‘Dame Blanche’ illus. p.129.
P. delavayi. Deciduous, upright shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Leaves are dark
PHUOPSIS
cultivars are susceptible to eelworm. leaves. Z4–8. ‘Alpha’ has lilac-pink flowers. PHOENIX ‘Veitchianum’ bears broad, creamy-
See also feature panel p.240. ‘Omega’ has white flowers, each with white-striped leaves.
P. adsurgens. Semievergreen, mat- a lilac-red eye. ARECACEAE/PALMAE
forming, prostrate perennial. H and S 1ft P. paniculata. Upright perennial, seldom PHOTINIA P
(30cm). Woody-based stems are clothed grown, as is replaced in gardens by its Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their Q
in ovate, light to mid-green leaves. In more colorful cultivars. H 4ft (1.2m), overall appearance and their edible fruits. syn. sTRAnVAEsIA
summer, bears terminal clusters of short- S 2–3ft (60–100cm). From summer to early Frost tender. Grows in full light, although
stemmed, saucer-shaped, purple, pink or or mid-fall, bears tubular, 5-lobed flowers tolerates partial shade, in any fertile, well- ROSACEAE
white flowers with overlapping petals. in conical heads above ovate, mid-green drained soil. Water potted specimens
Good for a rock garden or peat bed. Prefers leaves. Z4–8. ‘Aida’ is purple-red, each moderately, less during winter. Propagate Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
partial shade and gritty, peaty, acidic soil. flower with a purple eye. Flowers of by seed in spring at not less than 75°F and trees, with small white flowers,
Z4–6. ‘Wagon Wheel’ illus. p.363. ‘Amethyst’ (illus. p.240) are pale lilac with (24°C). Red spider mite may be a nuisance. grown for their foliage and, in the case of
P. amoena ‘Variegata’. See paler-edged petals. ‘Balmoral’ has large, P. canariensis (Canary Island date palm). deciduous species, for their fall color and
P. x procumbens ‘Variegata’. rosy-mauve flowers. ‘Brigadier’ (illus. Evergreen, upright palm with a robust fruits. Fully to frost hardy, but protect
P. bifida (Sand phlox) illus. p.366. p.240) has deep orange-red flowers. trunk. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Feather- evergreen species from strong, cold winds.
P. caespitosa. Evergreen, mound- ‘Bright Eyes’ has pale pink flowers, shaped, arching leaves, each to 15ft (5m) Requires sun or partial shade and fertile,
forming, compact perennial. H 3in (8cm), each with a red eye. ‘Eva Cullum’ (illus. long, are divided into narrowly lance- well-drained soil; some species prefer
S 5in (12cm). Leaves are narrow and p.240) has clear pink flowers with magenta shaped, leathery, bright green leaflets. acidic soil. Propagate evergreen and
needlelike. Bears solitary, almost stemless, eyes. ‘Eventide’ bears lavender-blue Bears large, pendent clusters of tiny, deciduous species by semiripe cuttings in
saucer-shaped, lilac or white flowers in flowers. ‘Fujiyama’ see P.p. ‘Mount Fuji’. yellowish-brown flowers that on mature summer, deciduous species also by seed in
summer. Suits a rock garden or trough. Flowers of ‘Graf Zeppelin’ (illus. p.240) specimens are followed by shortly oblong, fall.
Needs sun and very well-drained soil. are white with red centers. ‘Hampton yellow to red fruits in fall or winter. Z10–11 P. arbutifolia. See Heteromeles salicifolia.
Z4–8 Court’ (illus. p.240) is a mauve-blue P. roebelenii (Miniature date palm, P. davidiana, syn. Stranvaesia davidiana,
P. ‘Camla’ illus. p.365. cultivar, with dark green foliage. Pygmy date palm). Evergreen palm illus. p.90.
P. ‘Chattahoochee’. See P. divaricata ‘Harlequin’ has leaves edged in ivory- with a slender trunk. H 6ft (2m) or more, P. x fraseri. Group of evergreen,
subsp. laphamii ‘Chattahoochee’. white and reddish-purple flowers. S to 8ft (2.5m). Has feather-shaped, hybrid shrubs or small trees. H 25ft (8m),
P. divaricata (Wild sweet William). Semi- ‘Junior Bouquet’ has deep pink flowers arching, glossy, dark green leaves, S 20ft (6m). Has inversely lance-shaped to
evergreen, creeping perennial. H to 14in with prominent white eyes. ‘Le Mahdi’ 3–4ft (1–1.2m) long, and, in summer, elliptic, dark green leaves. Young growth
(35cm), S 20in (50cm). In early summer, has deep purple flowers. ‘Lilac Time’, large panicles of tiny, yellow flowers. is often attractively colored for a long
upright stems bear saucer-shaped, H 2ft (60cm), is sometimes confused with In fall, bears egg-shaped, black fruits period. Produces domed heads of small,
lavender-blue flowers in loose clusters. P.p. ‘Amethyst’ and has lilac-blue flowers. in pendent clusters, 11⁄2ft (45cm) long. white flowers in mid- to late spring. Has
Leaves are ovate. Suits a rock garden or ‘Mia Ruys’ (illus. p.240), H 2ft (60cm), has Z11–12 (min. 50–61°F/10–16°C) good resistance to damage by late frosts.
peat bed. Prefers partial shade and moist, large, white flowers. ‘Mother of Pearl’ Z7–9. ‘Canivily’, H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m),
but well-drained, peaty soil. Z4–8. subsp. has white flowers tinted pink. ‘Mount PHORMIUM is compact, with dark red young leaves
laphamii illus. p.341. Fuji’ (syn. P.p. ‘Fujiyama’) illus. p.230. and stems. Pink Marble (‘Cassini’),
subsp. laphamii ‘Chattahoochee’ (syn. ‘Norah Leigh’ (illus. p.240) has pale lilac New Zealand flax H and S 10–12ft (3–4m), is slow-growing
P. ‘Chattahoochee’) illus. p.341. flowers and ivory-variegated leaves. and open, with red young leaves
P. douglasii ‘Boothman’s Variety’ ‘Orange Perfection’ see P.p. ‘Prince of HEMEROCALLIDACEAE/LILIACEAE irregularly marked and margined bright
illus. p.366. ‘Crackerjack’ illus. p.365. Orange’. ‘Prince of Orange’ (syn. P.p. pink that age to mid-green edged in
‘Red Admiral’, H 6in (5cm), S 1ft (30cm), ‘Orange Perfection’) illus. p.235. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown creamy-white.
is a vigorous, compact, mound-forming, ‘Sandringham’ has pink flowers with for their bold, sword-shaped leaves. Fully Red Robin’ illus. p.111.
evergreen perennial. Has dense, stiff, darker centers and widely spaced petals. to frost hardy. Requires sun and moist, P. serratifolia, syn. P. serrulata, illus. p.111.
narrowly lance-shaped, small, dark green Flowers of ‘White Admiral’, H 3ft (90cm), but well-drained soil. Ideal for a coastal P. serrulata. See P. serratifolia.
leaves. In late spring or early summer, are pure white. ‘Windsor’ (illus. p.240) has garden or as a focal point in a border. P. villosa. Deciduous, upright shrub or
bears salverform, crimson flowers, singly carmine-rose flowers with red eyes. Propagate by division or by seed in spring. spreading tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Elliptic
or in pairs or threes. Z3–8 P. x procumbens ‘Millstream’. Semi- P. ‘Aurora’. Evergreen, upright to obovate, dark green leaves, bronze-
P. drummondii (Annual phlox). Erect to evergreen, prostrate perennial. H to 6in perennial. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has linear margined when young, become brilliant
spreading, bushy, hairy annual. H 4-18in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has narrowly ovate, leaves vertically striped with red, bronze, orange-red in fall. Bears clusters of 5-
(10–45cm), S to 10in (25cm) or more. Has glossy, green leaves. In early summer, salmon-pink and yellow. Z8–10 petaled flowers, in late spring, followed by
very variable, narrow, almost stalkless, bears small, saucer-shaped, white-eyed, P. ‘Black Adder’. Evergreen, upright spherical, red fruits. Prefers acidic soil. Z7–9
stem-clasping leaves. In late spring, bears deep lavender-pink flowers. Suitable for perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has
clusters of star-shaped, hairy, purple, pink, a rock garden. Z5–9. ‘Variegata’ (syn. clumps of large, linear, burgundy-black PHRAGMIPEDIUM
red, white, or lavender-blue flowers, often P. amoena ‘Variegata’), H 1in (2.5cm), S 10in leaves. Panicles of red flowers are borne
pale inside, with contrasting marks at the (25cm), has white-margined leaves and on mature plants in late summer. Z8–10 ORCHIDACEAE
base of the petal lobes. Z2–11. Popstars bright cerise-pink flowers. P. ‘Bronze Baby’. Evergreen, upright
Series are compact, strongly branching P. stolonifera (Creeping phlox). perennial. H and S 24–32in (60–80cm). See also ORCHIDS.
annuals. H 10in (25cm), S 14in (35cm). Herbaceous, prostrate, spreading Has tufts of bold, stiff, pointed, wine-red P. besseae (illus. p.467). Evergreen,
Have lance-shaped, bright green leaves. perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 1ft (30cm). leaves. Panicles of reddish flowers are terrestrial orchid for an intermediate
From summer to early fall, bear a Leaves are oblong to ovate. Has small, occasionally produced on purplish stems greenhouse. H and S 6in (15cm). Has strap-
profusion of starlike, wholly white or saucer-shaped, pale blue flowers in early in summer. Z8–10 shaped leaves. Pouch-lipped, bright scarlet
white-edged, blue, purple, red, or pink summer. Prefers moist, peaty, acidic soil; is P. colensoi. See P. cookianum. flowers are borne in upright racemes in
flowers, sometimes with white centers. good for a peat bed or rock garden. Z5–9. P. cookianum, syn. P. colensoi (Mountain spring. Needs shade in summer.
21st Century Series, H and S 12–14in ‘Ariane’ illus. p.359. ‘Blue Ridge’ has flax). Evergreen, upright perennial. H to Z11–12 (min. 57°F/14°C; max. 86°F/30°C)
(30–35cm), are vigorous and mounding, abundant, lavender-blue flowers. 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has tufts of sword- P. caudatum. Evergreen, epiphytic
with white, pink, blue, or scarlet flowers. P. subulata (Moss phlox). Evergreen, shaped, dark green leaves. Panicles of orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.
P. ‘Emerald Cushion’. See P. subulata mound-forming perennial. H 2–6in tubular, pale yellowish-green flowers are H and S 2ft (60cm). Has narrowly ovate
‘Emerald Cushion’. (5–15cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears fine, borne in summer. (borderline) Z8–10. leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long. In summer,
P. hoodii. Evergreen, compact, prostrate needlelike leaves. Abundant, star-shaped, subsp. hookeri ‘Tricolor’ has leaves produces sprays of flowers with light
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). white, pink or mauve flowers are borne in striped vertically red, yellow, and green. green and tan sepals and pouches and
Solitary, flat, white flowers open in early early summer. Good for a sunny rock ‘Variegatum’ has cream-striped leaves. drooping, ribbonlike, yellow and
summer above fine, needlelike, hairy garden. Z3–9. ‘Emerald Cushion’ (syn. P. ‘Dazzler’ illus. p.216. brownish-crimson petals, to 1ft (30cm)
leaves. Suits a rock garden. Needs sun P. ‘Emerald Cushion’) illus. p.367. P. tenax (New Zealand flax). Evergreen, long. Needs shade in summer. Z11–12
and very well-drained soil. Z3–8 ‘Marjorie’ illus. p.365. ‘McDaniel’s upright perennial. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). (min. 57°F/14°C; max. 86°F/30°C)
P. maculata (Meadow phlox). Erect Cushion’ is vigorous, cushion-forming, Has tufts of sword-shaped, stiff, dark
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). In and extremely free-flowering, with very green leaves. Panicles of tubular, dull red PHUOPSIS 665
early and midsummer, bears cylindrical large, deep pink flowers. ‘Red Wings’ flowers are produced on short, slightly
spikes of tubular, 5-lobed, pink, violet has carmine-red flowers with darker glaucous green stems in summer. Thrives syn. CRUCIANELLA
or white flowers above ovate, mid-green centers. by the sea. Z8–10. Purpureum Group,
H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m), has rich RUBIACEAE
reddish-purple to dark copper leaves.
Genus of one species of mat-forming,
summer-flowering perennial, grown for
its small, pungent, tubular flowers. Fully
PHUOPSIS
hardy. Good for groundcover, especially PHYLLODOCE PHYSALIS moved. Z3–9. var. speciosa ‘Variegata’
on banks and in rock gardens. Needs sun (syn. P.v. ‘Variegata’) illus. p.233.
and well-drained soil. Propagate by ERICACEAE Chinese lantern ‘Summer Snow’ has pure white flowers.
division in spring, by semiripe cuttings ‘Variegata’ see P.v. var. speciosa
in summer, or by seed sown in fall. Genus of evergreen shrubs and SOLANACEAE ‘Variegata’. ‘Vivid’ illus. p.280.
P. stylosa, syn. Crucianella stylosa, illus. subshrubs, grown for their heathlike,
p.338. leathery leaves, and their attractive Genus of one variable, summer-flowering PHYTEUMA
flowers. Fully hardy. Requires partial perennial, grown for its decorative,
PHYGELIUS shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. lanternlike calyces and fruits. Fully to Horned rampion
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late half hardy. Grows in sun or shade and in
SCROPHULARIACEAE summer or by seed in spring. well-drained soil. Propagate by division CAMPANULACEAE
P. caerulea, syn. P. taxifolia, illus. p.334. or softwood cuttings in spring, annuals
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen P. empetriformis illus. p.334. by seed in spring or fall. tAll parts of Genus of early- to midsummer-flowering
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their P. x intermedia ‘Drummondii’ illus. P. alkekengi, except the fully ripe fruit, perennials that are useful for rock gardens.
showy, tubular flowers. Frost hardy, but p.333. ‘Fred Stoker’ is an evergreen, may cause mild stomach upset if ingested; Fully hardy. Needs sun and well-drained
in most areas plant in a sheltered site; upright subshrub. H and S 9in (23cm). Has contact with foliage may irritate skin. soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
will attain a considerably greater height narrow, glossy, fine-toothed, dark green P. alkekengi (Bladder cherry, Winter P. comosum. See Physoplexis comosa.
when grown against a warm, sunny wall. leaves. From late spring to early summer, cherry). Spreading perennial, grown as an P. scheuchzeri illus. p.342.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained, but bears clusters of pitcher-shaped, bright annual. H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), S 3ft (90cm) or
not too dry, soil. Usually loses leaves or reddish-purple flowers, on slender, red more. Leaves are mid-green and ovate. PHYTOLACCA
has shoots cut to ground by frosts. Cut stalks, at the stem tips. Z7–10 Inconspicuous, nodding, star-shaped, white
back to just above ground level in spring, P. nipponica. Evergreen, upright, freely flowers in summer are followed, in fall, by Pokeweed
or, if plants have woody bases, prune to branched subshrub. H and S to 8in (20cm). rounded, bright orange-red fruits,
live wood. Propagate by softwood cuttings Has fine, linear, dark green leaves, with surrounded by inflated, orange calyces. Z6–9 PHYTOLACCACEAE
in summer. white-downy midribs and rolled margins.
P. aequalis illus. p.156. ‘Yellow In late spring and early summer, loose PHYSOCARPUS Genus of perennials and evergreen
Trumpet’ illus. p.160. clusters of stalked, pendant, bell-shaped, shrubs and trees, grown for their overall
P. capensis (Cape figwort). Evergreen or white flowers are borne from stem tips ROSACEAE appearance and decorative but poisonous
semievergreen, upright shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), on upright, red-tinted stalks. Z6–10 fruits. Fully hardy to frost tender. Tolerates
S 5ft (1.5). Has triangular, dark green leaves. P. taxifolia. See P. caerulea. Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- sun or shade and requires fertile, moist soil.
Tall, slender spires bear tubular, bright flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage Propagate by seed in fall or spring. tAll
orange-red flowers, turning back toward PHYLLOSTACHYS and flowers. Fully hardy. Requires sun and parts may cause severe discomfort if
the stems, each with a red mouth and a fertile, not too dry soil. Prefers acidic soil ingested; the fruits of P. americana may be
yellow throat, from midsummer to early POACEAE/GRAMINEAE and does not grow well on shallow, chalky lethal if eaten. Contact with the sap may
fall. Z5–9 soil. Thin established plants occasionally irritate skin.
P. x rectus ‘Winchester Fanfare’. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, by cutting some older shoots back to P. americana, syn. P. decandra.
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright and SEDGES. ground level after flowering. Propagate Upright, spreading perennial. H to 12ft
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5). Has triangular, P. aurea (Golden bamboo) illus. p.288. by softwood cuttings in summer. (4m), S 3ft (1m). Ovate to lance-shaped,
P. aureosulcata (Yellow-groove bamboo). P. opulifolius (Ninebark). Deciduous, mid-green leaves are tinged purple in fall.
P dark green leaves. Produces tubular, Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo. arching, dense shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Shallowly cup-shaped, sometimes pink-
nodding, pale red flowers, each with H 10–20ft (3–6m), S indefinite. Has striped Has peeling bark and broadly ovate, flushed, white-and-green flowers, borne in
sheaths and yellow grooves on rough, toothed and lobed, mid-green leaves. terminal racemes in summer, are followed
Q scarlet lobes and a yellow throat, from brownish-green stems. Mid-green leaves Bears clusters of tiny, at times pink-tinged, by poisonous, rounded, fleshy, blackish-
midsummer to early fall. Z5–9 are up to 6in (15cm) long; rarely produces white flowers in early summer. Z2–8. purple berries. Z4–8
flowers. Z6–10 ‘Dart’s Gold’ illus. p.159. ‘Diabolo’ has P. clavigera. See P. polyandra.
Phyllanthus nivosus. See Breynia P. bambusoides (Timber bamboo) dark blackish-red leaves. Lady in Red P. decandra. See P. americana.
disticha. illus. p.287. (‘Tuildad’), H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), is P. polyandra, syn. P. clavigera. Stout,
P. flexuosa (Zigzag bamboo). compact and tightly branched, with upright perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm).
x PHYLLIOPSIS Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo. copper-red foliage and pale pink flowers. Has brilliant crimson stems and ovate to
H 6–30ft (2–10m), S indefinite. Has slender, lance-shaped, mid-green leaves that turn
ERICACEAE markedly zigzag stems that turn black PHYSOPLEXIS yellow in fall. In late summer, bears
with age. Leaf sheaths have no bristles. clusters of shallowly cup-shaped, pink
Hybrid genus (Phyllodoce x almiopsis) of Leaves stay fresh green all winter. Z6–10 CAMPANULACEAE flowers, followed by poisonous, blackish-
dwarf, evergreen shrubs, grown for their P. ‘Henonis’. See P. nigra f. henonis. purple berries. Z9–11
bell-shaped flowers. Suitable for peat beds P. nigra (Black bamboo) illus. p.286. Genus of one species of tufted perennial,
or rock gardens. Fully hardy. Needs partial f. henonis (syn. P. ‘Henonis’) illus. p.287. grown for its flowers. Good grown on PICEA
shade and peaty, acidic soil. Trim back P. viridiglaucescens illus. p.287. tufa, in rock gardens, troughs, and alpine
after flowering to keep compact. Propagate P. vivax f. aureocaulis illus. p.289. houses. Fully hardy. Needs sun and very Spruce
by semiripe cuttings in late summer. well-drained, alkaline soil, but should face
x P. hillieri ‘Pinocchio’. Evergreen, x PHYLLOTHAMNUS away from midday sun. Keep fairly dry in PINACEAE
upright shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). winter. Propagate by seed in fall or
Branched stems bear thin, ovate leaves. ERICACEAE by softwood cuttings in early summer. Genus of evergreen conifers with
Long, open clusters of bell-shaped, very Susceptible to slug damage. needlelike leaves set on a pronounced peg
deep pink flowers are produced in spring Hybrid genus (Phyllodoce x Rhodothamnus) P. comosa, syn. Phyteuma comosum, illus. on the shoots and arranged spirally. Fully
and intermittently thereafter. Z3–8 of one species of evergreen shrub, grown p.366. hardy to frost hardy. Cones are pendulous
for its heathlike, linear leaves and its and ripen in their first fall; scales are
Phyllitis scolopendrium. See funnel-shaped flowers. Good for a peat PHYSOSTEGIA woody and flexible. See also CONIFERS.
Asplenium scolopendrium. bed or shady rock garden. Fully hardy. P. abies (Common spruce, Norway
Needs a sheltered, partially shaded site Obedient plant spruce) illus. p.98. ‘Acrocona’ is a
666 PHYLLOCLADUS and moist, acidic soil. Propagate by small tree, conical when young, columnar
semiripe cuttings in late summer. LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE when mature. H 3–10ft (1–3m), S 10–12ft
PODOCARPACEAE x P. erectus. Evergreen, upright shrub. (3–4m). Has pendent branches and blunt,
H 10in (25cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has small, Genus of summer- to early fall-flowering, dark green leaves. Even young trees
See also CONIFERS. linear, glossy, deep green leaves. Clusters erect, deciduous perennials. Fully hardy to produce abundant cylindrical, deep
P. aspleniifolius (Tasman celery pine). of slender-stalked, widely funnel-shaped, frost hardy. Needs sun and fertile, moist green cones that turn brown.
Slow-growing, upright conifer. H 15–30ft soft rose-pink flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) across, but well-drained soil. Propagate by ‘Clanbrassiliana’, H and S 20in (50cm), is
(5–10m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Instead of true are borne in late spring and early summer. division in spring. slow-growing, with a rounded, spreading
leaves has flattened, leaflike shoots known Z3–8 P. virginiana. Erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), habit. ‘Inversa’, H 15–30ft (5–10m), S 6ft
as phylloclades; these are dull dark green S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped, sharply (2m), has an erect leader, but pendent side
and resemble celery leaves in outline. Phyodina. See Callisia. toothed, mid-green leaves. In late summer, branches. ‘Little Gem’, H and S 12–20in
Produces inedible, white-coated nuts with bears spikes of hooded, 2-lipped, rose- (30–50cm), has a nest-shaped, central
fleshy, red bases. Z10–11 purple flowers with hinged stalks that depression caused by spreading branches.
P. trichomanoides illus. p.101. allow flowers to remain in position once ‘Nidiformis’, H to 5ft (1.5), S 10–12ft
(3–4m), also has a “nest” in its center, but is
PINUS
larger and faster-growing. ‘Ohlendorffii’ growing conifer, conical when young, has large panicles of dark dusky red PINELLIA
(illus. p.105), H 10ft (3m), S 6–15ft (2–5m), is columnar with horizontal branches and flowers. ‘Variegata’ has small leaves,
slow-growing, initially rounded, becoming weeping shoots when mature. H 80–100ft edged with white. Z4–7 ARACEAE
conical with age. ‘Rydal’, H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (25–30m), S 20ft (6m). Has dark green
(1.2m), is small and upright, with bright leaves and produces cylindrical, bright PILEA Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous
red young growth, aging to green. Z3–7 brown cones, 4–8in (10–20cm) long. Z6–9 perennials that produce slender, hood-
P. breweriana (Brewer’s spruce) illus. URTICACEAE like, green spathes, each enclosing and
p.99. PICRASMA concealing a pencil-shaped spadix. Frost
P. engelmannii (Engelmann spruce, Genus of bushy or trailing, semisucculent hardy. Needs partial shade or sun and
Mountain spruce) illus. p.99. SIMAROUBACEAE annuals and evergreen perennials, grown humus-rich soil. Water well in spring and
P. glauca (White spruce). Narrowly for their ornamental foliage. Frost tender. summer. Dormant in winter. Propagate in
conical conifer. H to 160ft (50m), S 10–20ft Genus of deciduous trees, grown for Grow in any well-drained soil out of direct early spring by offsets, or in late summer
(3–6m). Glaucous shoots produce blue- their brilliant fall color. Produces sunlight and draughts; do not overwater in by bulbils borne in leaf axils.
green leaves. Egg-shaped, light brown insignificant flowers in late spring. winter. Pinch out tips in growing season to P. ternata. Summer-flowering, tuberous
cones fall after ripening. Z3–6. var. Fully hardy. Requires sun or partial avoid straggly plants. Propagate annuals perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 2in (5cm).
albertiana ‘Conica’ (syn. P.g. ‘Albertiana shade and fertile, well-drained soil. by seed in spring or fall; perennials by Has erect stems crowned by ovate, flat,
Conica’), H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 3–8ft (1–2.5m), Propagate by seed in fall. stem cuttings in spring or summer. Red 3-parted leaves. Leafless stem bears a
is slow-growing with a neat, pyramidal P. ailanthoides. See P. quassioides. spider mite may be a problem. tubular, green spathe, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm)
habit, longer leaves and smaller cones. P. quassioides, syn. P. ailanthoides P. cadierei (Aluminum plant) illus. p.465. long, with a hood at the tip. Z9–11
‘Albertiana Conica’ see P.g. var. (Quassia), illus. p.92. P. involucrata, syn. P. mollis (Friendship
albertiana ‘Conica’. ‘Coerulea’ illus. p.99. plant). Evergreen, bushy perennial. H 11⁄4in PINGUICULA P
‘Echiniformis’, H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (90cm), PIERIS (3cm), S 1ft (30cm). Ovate to rounded, Q
has a dwarf, flat-topped, rounded form. corrugated, bronze leaves, to 2in (5cm) Butterwort
P. likiangensis (Lijiang spruce) illus. ERICACEAE long, are reddish-green below; leaves are 667
p.100. green when grown in shade. Z12 (min. LENTIBULARIACEAE
P. mariana (Black spruce). Conical Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for 59°F/15°C)
conifer, whose lowest branches often layer their foliage and small, profuse, urn- P. mollis. See P. involucrata. Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
naturally, forming a ring of stems around shaped flowers. Fully to frost hardy. P. nummulariifolia (Creeping Charlie) perennials with sticky leaves that trap
the parent plant. H 30–70ft (10–20m), Needs a sheltered site in partial shade or illus. p.474. insects and digest them for food. Useful in
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves are bluish-green or shade and in moist, peaty, acidic soil. P. peperomioides. Open-bushy, erect, pots under glass among plants at risk from
bluish-white. Ovoid cones are dark gray- Young shoots are sometimes frost-killed perennial succulent. H and S 1ft (30cm) or aphids. Fully hardy to frost tender. Needs
brown. Z3–6. ‘Doumetii’ illus. p.103. in spring and should be cut back as soon more. Thick, fleshy stems produce spirally sun and wet soil. Propagate by division in
‘Nana’, H 20in (50cm), S 20–32in (50–80cm), as possible. Deadheading after flowering arranged, long-stalked, ovate, pale green early spring or by seed in fall.
is a neat shrub with blue-gray foliage. improves growth. Propagate by soft tip leaves. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) P. caudata. See P. moranensis var. caudata.
P. x mariorika ‘Gnom’, syn. P. omorika or semiripe cuttings in summer. tLeaves P. grandiflora illus. p.368.
‘Gnom’, is a shrublike conifer with may cause severe discomfort if ingested. PILEOSTEGIA P. moranensis var. caudata, syn.
pendent branches arching at tips. H to 5ft P. ‘Flaming Silver’. Small, fairly P. caudata. Basal-rosetted perennial.
(1.5), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Dark green leaves are compact, upright shrub. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), HYDRANGEACEAE H 5–6in (12–15cm), S 2in (5cm). Leaves
white beneath. Z3–6 S 24–32in (60–80cm). Slender, finely are narrowly ovate and dull green with
P. morrisonicola (Taiwan spruce) illus. toothed leaves are glossy green, bright Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed root inrolled, purplish margins. In summer,
p.101. pinkish-red when young, with irregular, climbers. Frost hardy. Grows in sun or 5-petaled, deep carmine flowers are borne
P. omorika (Serbian spruce) illus. p.98. creamy-white margins. White flowers shade and in any well-drained soil; useful on long stems. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
‘Gnom’ see P. x mariorika ‘Gnom’. are borne in mid- to late spring. Z4–7 for planting against a sunless wall. Prune
‘Nana’, H and S 3ft (1m), is a slow- P. ‘Forest Flame’. Evergreen, in spring, if required. Propagate by PINUS
growing, rounded or ovate tree. Has dark upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). semiripe cuttings in summer.
to blue-green leaves. Bears ovate to Narrowly ovate, glossy leaves are brilliant P. viburnoides, syn. Schizophragma Pine
oblong, red-brown, later brown, female red when young, then turn pink, cream, viburnoides, illus. p.196.
cones. Z4–7 and finally dark green. White flowers PINACEAE
P. orientalis (Caucasian spruce, Oriental open with the young leaves from mid- PILOSOCEREUS
spruce). Columnar, dense conifer. H 100ft to late spring. Z4–7 Genus of small to large conifers with
(30m), S 20–25ft (6–8m). Has glossy, deep P. formosa. Evergreen, bushy, dense CACTACEAE spirally arranged leaves in bundles,
green leaves and ovoid to conical cones, shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Large, usually of 2, 3, or 5 needles. Cones ripen
21⁄2–4in (6–10cm) long, dark purple, oblong, glossy, dark green leaves are Genus of columnar, summer-flowering, over 2 years and are small in the first year.
ripening to brown, the males brick-red in bronze when young. Bears large clusters perennial cacti with woollike spines in See also CONIFERS.
spring. Z5–8. ‘Aurea’ has golden, young of white flowers from mid- to late spring. flowering zones at crowns. Some species P. aristata (Bristle-cone pine) illus. p.103.
foliage in spring, later turning green. Z4–7. var. forrestii ‘Wakehurst’ are included in Cephalocereus. Frost tender. P. armandii (Armand pine). Conical,
‘Skylands’ illus. p.99. illus. p.137. Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. open conifer. H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 20–25ft
P. pungens (Colorado spruce). Columnar P. japonica illus. p.110. ‘Bonfire’ is a Propagate by seed or by stem cuttings in (6–8m). Has smooth bark, becoming
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m). Has scaly, compact, slow-growing, rounded shrub. spring or summer. cracked with age, pendent, glaucous blue
gray bark and very sharp, stout, grayish- H and S 2–3ft (60–100cm). Has toothed, P. leucocephalus, syn. P. palmeri, illus. leaves and conical, green cones, 3–10in
green or bright blue leaves. Cylindrical, glossy, mid-green leaves. deep red when p.483. (8–25cm) long, that ripen to brown. Z3–7
light brown cones have papery scales. young. Produces upright clusters of white P. palmeri. See P. leucocephalus. P. ayacahuite (Mexican white pine) illus.
Z2–7. ‘Globosa’ (illus. p.105) is a slow- flowers with contrasting red calyces. P. senilis. See Cephalocereus senilis. p.95.
growing, rounded form of dense habit and ‘Carnaval’, H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 32–36in P. banksiana (Jack pine) illus. p.102.
glaucous- blue leaves. ‘Hoopsii’, H 30–50ft (80–100cm), Has dark green leaves, PIMELEA P. bungeana (Lace-bark pine; illus. p.78).
(10–15m), has silvery-blue foliage. ‘Koster’ finely and irregularly margined white; Slow-growing, bushy conifer. H 30–50ft
illus. p.99. ‘Montgomery’, H and S 3ft young leaves are chestnut-brown, soon THYMELAEACEAE (10–15m), S 15–20ft (5–6m). Has gray-green
(1m), is dwarf, compact, conical or turning deep red. Bears long, pendent bark that flakes to reveal creamy-yellow
spreading, with gray-blue leaves. clusters of flowers. Compact and low- Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, patches, darkening to red or purple.
P. sitchensis (Sitka spruce). Vigorous, growing ‘Debutante’ has white flowers grown for their tubular flowers and overall Leaves are dark green. Z2–6
broadly conical conifer. S 20–40ft (6–12m), in dense, erect panicles. ‘Mountain appearance. In frost-prone areas, grow in P. cembra (Arolla pine) illus. p.101.
but H 80–160ft (25–50m) in damp locations, Fire’ has brilliant red young foliage. containers outdoors and bring under P. cembroides (Mexican stone pine,
50–70ft (15–20m) in dry sites. Bark scales ‘Pink Delight’, H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m), cover in winter, or grow in a cool Pinyon) illus. p.103.
on old trees. Has prickly, bright deep is upright, with red young leaves and greenhouse. Frost hardy to frost tender. P. chylla. See P. wallichiana.
green leaves and cylindrical, papery, pale dark pink flowers that fade to pale pinkish- Needs full sun and well-drained, neutral P. contorta (Beach pine, Shore pine) illus.
brown or whitish cones, 2–4in (5–10cm) white. ‘Prelude’, H 5ft (1.5), S 6ft (2m), to acidic soil. Water potted plants p.102. var. latifolia (Lodgepole pine) illus.
long. Good on an exposed or poor site. is compact, with coppery young leaves, moderately, less when temperatures are p.101. ‘Spaan’s Dwarf’ is a conical, open,
Z6–9 turning dull light green, and flowers borne low. Needs good winter light and dwarf conifer with a sloped trunk and short,
P. smithiana (Morinda spruce). Slow- in dense, upright clusters. ‘Scarlett ventilation in a greenhouse. Propagate by stiffly erect shoots. H and S 30in (75cm).
O’Hara’ illus. p.120. ‘Valley Valentine’ seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in Has bright green leaves in pairs. Z4–8
late summer. P. coulteri (Big-cone pine, Coulter pine)
P. ferruginea illus. p.454. illus. p.96.
PINUS
P P. densiflora (Japanese red pine). red-brown or yellow-brown, the males PISTACIA P. ‘Arundel Green’, syn. P. tenuifolium
Q bright red-purple in spring. Z4–8. ‘Globe’, ‘Arundel Green’. Evergreen, rounded
Broadly conical to rounded conifer, H and S 11⁄2–3ft (50cm–1m), is a rounded Pistachio shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5). Produces ovate,
668 cultivar with blue foliage. wavy-margined, bright green leaves on
becoming flat-topped. H 50–80ft (15–25m), P. radiata, syn. P. insignis (Monterey ANACARDIACEAE blackish stems. In late spring, scented,
pine), illus. p.98. dark red flowers are borne in the leaf
S 15–22ft (5–7m). Has scaling, reddish- P. rigida (Northern pitch pine) illus. p.100. Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees, axils of mature plants. Z9–11
P. strobus (Eastern white pine, grown for their foliage and overall P. crassifolium (Karo). Evergreen,
brown bark, slender, bright green leaves Weymouth pine) illus. p.96. appearance. Frost hardy to half hardy. bushy-headed, dense, small tree or shrub.
P. sylvestris (Scots pine; illus. p.78). Requires full light and free-draining, even H 15–30ft (5–10m), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has
and conical, yellow or pale brown cones. Conifer, upright and with whorled dry soil. Water containerized plants oblong, dark green leaves, gray-felted
Z3–7. ‘Alice Verkade’, H 20in (50cm) or branches when young, that develops a moderately when in full growth, sparingly beneath. Clusters of small, fragrant, star-
spreading, rounded crown with age. at other times. Pruning is tolerated if shaped, dark reddish-purple flowers are
more, S 3ft (1m), is a diminutive, rounded H 50–100ft (15–30m), S 20–28ft (6–9m). necessary. Propagate by seed in spring borne in spring. Z9–11
form with fresh green leaves. ‘Tagyosho’ Bark is flaking and red-brown on upper or by semiripe cuttings in summer. P. dalii illus. p.119.
see P.d. ‘Umbraculifera’. ‘Umbraculifera’ trunk, fissured and purple-gray at base. P. lentiscus (Mastic tree). Evergreen, P. eugenioides (Tarata). Evergreen,
Has blue-green leaves in 2s and conical, irregularly rounded shrub or tree. H and columnar tree. H 30ft (10m), S 6–15ft
(syn. P.d. ‘Tagyosho’), H 12ft (4m), S 20ft green cones that ripen to pale gray- or S 3–10ft (1–3m). Bears leaves that are (2–5m). Narrowly ovate, wavy-edged
red-brown. Z3–8. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.104. divided into 2–5 pairs of ovate, leathery, leaves are glossy, dark green, and lemon-
(6m), is a slow-growing, rounded or ‘Beuvronensis’, H and S 3ft (1m), is a glossy leaflets. Produces auxillary clusters scented when crushed. Honey-scented,
rounded shrub. ‘Doone Valley’, H and of insignificant flowers from spring to star-shaped, pale yellow flowers are
umbrella-shaped form. S 3ft (1m), is an upright, irregularly shaped early summer that develop into round, produced in summer. Z9–11.
P. excelsa. See P. wallichiana. shrub. f. fastigiata see Fastigiata Group. red then black fruits in fall. Z10–11 ‘Variegatum’ illus. p.93.
P. griffithii. See P. wallichiana. Fastigiata Group (syn. P.s. f. fastigiata), P. terebinthus (Terebinth, Turpentine P. ‘Garnettii’ illus. p.119.
P. halepensis (Aleppo pine). Conical, H up to 25ft (8m), S 3–10ft (1–3m), has a tree). Deciduous, rounded to ovoid tree. P. tenuifolium illus. p.120. ‘Arundel
narrow, obelisk habit; suffers wind H 20–28ft (6–9m), S 10–20ft (3–6m) Leaves Green’ see P. ‘Arundel Green’. ‘Irene
open-crowned conifer. H 50–80ft (15–25m) damage in an exposed site. ‘Gold Coin’, have 3–6 pairs of ovate, usually lustrous, Paterson’ is a slow-growing, large,
S 22–40ft (7–12m). Has an open habit and H and S 6ft (2m), is a dwarf version of P.s. rich green leaflets. Axillary clusters of bushy shrub or small tree. H to 4ft (1.2m),
bright green leaves, 21⁄2–41⁄2in (6–11cm) ‘Aurea’. ‘Nana’ see P.s. ‘Watereri’. small flowers, borne in spring and early S to 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, usually wavy-
long, and ovoid, glossy, brown cones. ‘Watereri’ (syn. P.s. ‘Nana’), H 12ft (4m), summer, develop into tiny, round to ovoid, margined, white leaves, speckled and
Young trees retain glaucous, juvenile S 22ft (7m), is a very dense cultivar with red then purple-brown fruits in fall. Z9–11 mottled between the veins, on dark stems.
needles for several years. Z9–10 widely spaced leaves. Bears bell-shaped, honey-scented,
P. heldreichii, syn. P. leucodermis P. thunbergii (Japanese black pine) illus. PITCAIRNIA blackish-red flowers in late spring to
(Bosnian pine), illus. p.98. ‘Compact p.100. early summer. Z9–10. ‘Tom Thumb’
Gem’ is a broadly conical, dense, dwarf P. wallichiana, syn. P. chylla, P. excelsa, BROMELIACEAE illus. p.164. ‘Warnham Gold’ is fast-
conifer. H and S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has P. griffithii (Bhutan pine, Himalayan pine), growing, with wavy-edged, golden-green
scaly, ash-gray bark and very dark green illus. p.97. Genus of very variable, usually evergreen, leaves that mature to golden-yellow.
leaves in pairs. Grows only 1in (2.5cm) a rosette-forming perennials (bromeliads), P. tobira (Japanese mock orange).
year. Z3–8. ‘Smidtii’ (illus. p.105) is a PIPTANTHUS grown for their overall appearance. Frost Evergreen, bushy-headed, dense tree or
dwarf form with an ovoid habit and hardy to frost tender. Needs partial shade shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has oblong
sharp, dark green leaves. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE and well-drained soil. Water moderately in to ovate, glossy, dark green leaves. Very
P. x holfordiana (Holford pine) illus. p.95. growing season, sparingly at other times. fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers,
P. insignis. See P. radiata. Genus of deciduous or semievergreen Propagate by offsets or division in spring. opening in late spring, later become
P. jeffreyi (Black pine, Jeffrey pine) illus. shrubs, grown for their foliage and pealike P. andreana. Evergreen, clump-forming, creamy-yellow. Z9–11. ‘Variegatum’
p.97. flowers. Frost hardy. In cold areas needs basal-rosetted perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 1ft has gray-green leaves, irregularly
P. leucodermis. See P. heldreichii. the protection of a warm, sunny wall. (30cm) or more. Loose rosettes comprise margined white.
P. mugo (Dwarf mountain pine). Requires sun and fertile, well-drained narrowly lance-shaped, strongly arching,
Spreading, shrubby conifer or spreading soil. In spring, cut some older shoots back green leaves, gray-scaled beneath.Racemes Plagianthus lyallii. See Hoheria lyallii.
tree. H to 111⁄2ft (3.5m), S to 15ft (5m). to ground level and prune any frost- of tubular, orange-and-red flowers are Plagiorhegma dubia. See Jeffersonia
Has scaly, gray bark, bright to dark green damaged growths back to healthy wood. borne in summer. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
leaves in pairs and ovoid, brown cones. Propagate by seed in fall. P. heterophylla. Evergreen, epiphytic dubia.
Z3–7. ‘Gnom’, H and S to 6ft (2m), and P. laburnifolius. See P. nepalensis. or terrestrial, perennial with loose, basal
‘Mops’ (illus. p.105), H 3ft (1m), S 6ft P. nepalensis, syn. P. laburnifolius, rosettes and swollen, much-branched PLANTAGO
(2m), are rounded shrubs. illus. p.206. rhizomes. H 4in (10cm) or more, S to 1ft
P. muricata (Bishop pine) illus. p.97. (30cm). Outer leaves resemble barbed Plantain
P. nigra (Austrian pine, European black PISONIA spines, inner leaves are strap-shaped,
pine). Upright, later spreading conifer, low-arching and green, with downy, PLANTAGINACEAE
generally grown in one of the following NYCTAGINACEAE white undersides. Bears almost stemless
forms. Z4–7. ‘Hornibrookiana’, H 5–6ft spikes of tubular, bright red, or rarely Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
(1.5–2m), S 6ft (2m), is shrubby with stout, Genus of evergreen shrubs, trees, and white flowers, amid red bracts, in biennials, and evergreen perennials and
spreading or erect branches and dark climbers grown for their attractive foliage summer. Z10–11 shrubs. Many species are invasive weeds,
green leaves in pairs. subsp. laricio (syn. and overall appearance. Frost tender. Needs but a few are grown for their architectural
P.n. subsp. maritima; Corsican pine), H to full light or partial shade and humus-rich, PITTOSPORUM value and foliage. Fully hardy to frost
130ft (40m), S to 30ft (10m), is fast-growing well-drained soil. Water containerized hardy. Needs full sun and well-drained
and narrowly conical with an open crown; specimens freely when in full growth, PITTOSPORACEAE soil. Water potted plants moderately,
bears gray-green leaves, in pairs, and moderately at other times. Pruning is sparingly in winter. Propagate by seed or
ovoid to conical, yellow- or pale gray- tolerated if required. Propagate by seed in Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, division in spring.
brown cones. subsp. maritima see P.n. spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. grown for their ornamental foliage and P. major. Variable, sometimes invasive
subsp. laricio. subsp. nigra (Austrian P. brunoniana. See P. umbellifera. fragrant flowers. Frost hardy to frost perennial. H 8–16in (20–40cm), S to 1ft
pine) illus. p.98. P. umbellifera, syn. Heimerliodendron tender. Does best in mild areas; in cold (30cm). Has rosettes of ovate, mid-green
P. parviflora (Japanese white pine) brunonianum, P. brunoniana (Bird-catcher regions, grow against a warm, sunny wall. leaves. In summer, bears spikes of mid-
illus. p.99. ‘Adcock’s Dwarf’ is a tree, Para para). Evergreen, rounded P. crassifolium can be grown as a wind- green flowers on leafless stems. Z3–12.
slow-growing, rounded, dense, dwarf large shrub or small tree, usually freely resistant hedge in mild, coastal areas; ‘Atropurpurea’ see P.m. ‘Rubrifolia’.
conifer. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). branching. H 15–70ft (5–20m), S 10–15ft forms with variegated or purple leaves ‘Bowles’s Variety’ see P.m. ‘Rosularis’.
Bears short, gray-green leaves in 5s. Z5–7 (3–5m). Has elliptic to lance-shaped, prefer sun. Others will grow in sun or ‘Rosularis’, syn. ‘Bowles’s Variety’, is
P. patula (Mexican weeping pine) illus. leathery, glossy, rich green leaves. In partial shade. All need well-drained soil. a mutation in which the flower spike
p.97. spring, bears clusters of tiny, green or Propagate P. dallii by budding in summer, develops as a cabbagelike rosette of
P. peuce (Macedonian pine) illus. p.95. pink flowers, followed by 5-winged, sticky, other species by seed in fall or spring or small, ovate leaves. ‘Rubrifolia’, syn.
P. pinaster (Cluster pine, Maritime pine) brownish fruits. Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C) by semiripe cuttings in summer; propagate ‘Atropurpurea’, has purplish-maroon
illus. p.97. selected forms by semiripe cuttings only in leaves and is prone to mildew.
P. pinea (Stone pine, Umbrella pine) illus. summer. P. nivalis illus. p.376.
p.104.
P. ponderosa (Western yellow pine) illus.
p.97.
P. pumila (Dwarf Siberian pine).
Spreading, shrubby conifer. H and S 6–20ft
(2–6m). Has bright blue-green leaves in 5s.
Ovoid cones are violet-purple, ripening to
PLUMERIA
PLATANUS PLATYCLADUS of gardens) has white-variegated leaves. with violet marks. Leaves are oblong to
P. oertendahlii (Candle plant, Swedish lance-shaped and 6–10in (15–25cm) long.
Plane Oriental thuja ivy). Evergreen, prostrate perennial. H to Grow as for P. x confusa. Z10–11
8in (20cm), trailing to 3ft (1m) or more.
PLATANACEAE CUPRESSACEAE Rounded, scalloped, dark green leaves PLEIOSPILOS
are reddish-green below, with white veins
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their tContact with the foliage may aggravate above. Has racemes of tubular, white or Living rock
imposing habit, foliage, and flaking bark. skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. pale mauve flowers at irregular intervals
Flowers are inconspicuous. Spherical fruit P. orientalis, syn. Biota orientalis, Thuja throughout the year. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C) AIZOACEAE
clusters hang from shoots in fall. orientalis. Conifer with an irregularly P. scutellarioides. See Solenostemon
Fully hardy to frost hardy. Requires full rounded crown. H to 50ft (15m), S to 20ft scutellarioides. Genus of solitary or clump-forming,
sun and deep, fertile, well-drained soil. (6m). Has fibrous bark and flattened, P. thyrsoideus, syn. Coleus thyrsoideus, perennial succulents with almost stemless
Propagate species by seed in fall, vertical sprays of scalelike, scentless, mid- Solenostemon thyrsoideus. Fast-growing, rosettes bearing up to 4 pairs of fleshy,
P. x hispanica by hardwood cuttings in or yellow-green leaves. Egg-shaped cones bushy perennial, often grown as an annual. erect leaves, like pieces of granite, each
early winter. All except P. orientalis are are glaucous gray. Z6–9. ‘Aurea Nana’ H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has heart- with a flat upper surface and each pair
susceptible to the fungal disease plane (illus. p.105), H and S 3ft (90cm), is a dwarf shaped, serrated, mid-green leaves. united at the base. Flowers are daisylike.
anthracnose. tContact with the basal cultivar with yellow-green foliage that Spikes of tubular, bright blue flowers Individual species are very similar, and
tufts of hair on the fruits may irritate the turns bronze in winter. ‘Franky Boy’, are borne at various times of year. Z10–11 many are difficult to identify. Frost
skin and respiratory system. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), is shrubby with (min. 39°F/4°C) tender. Needs sun and well-drained
P. x acerifolia. See P. x hispanica. upswept growth and threadlike, golden P. verticillatus, syn. P. australis of soil. Propagate by seed or by division
P. x hispanica, syn. P. x acerifolia (London foliage that turns pale green in summer gardens (Swedish ivy). Evergreen, trailing in spring or summer.
plane), illus. p.63. and bronzed in winter. ‘Semperaurea’, perennial with square stems. H to 6in P. bolusii illus. p.495.
P. orientalis (Oriental plane) illus. p.63. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m), is compact, with (15cm), S indefinite. Has rounded, waxy, P. compactus illus. p.495.
f. digitata (syn. ‘Laciniata’) is a vigorous, golden leaves. glossy, green leaves with scalloped edges.
spreading tree. H and S 100ft (30m) or Racemes of tubular, white or pale mauve PLUMBAGO P
more. Has flaking, gray, brown, and cream PLATYCODON flowers are produced intermittently Q
bark and glossy green leaves deeply through the year. Z10–11 PLUMBAGINACEAE
divided into 3–5, sometimes slightly Balloon flower
toothed, fingerlike lobes. Clusters of fruits PLEIOBLASTUS Genus of annuals, perennials, and
persist into fall and winter. ‘Laciniata’ CAMPANULACEAE evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed,
see P.o. f. digita. H6 POACEAE/GRAMINEAE scrambling climbers, grown for their
Genus of one species of perennial, grown primrose-shaped flowers. Half hardy to
PLATYCARYA for its flowers in summer. Fully hardy. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, frost tender. Grow in full light or partial
Needs sun and light, sandy soil. Propagate and SEDGES. shade, in fertile, well-drained soil. Water
JUGLANDACEAE by basal cuttings of non-flowering shoots P. variegatus, syn. Arundinaria fortunei, regularly, less when not in full growth. Tie
in summer, with a bit of root attached, or A. variegata (Dwarf white-stripe bamboo), stems to supports. Thin out or spur back
Genus of deciduous, large shrubs or trees, by seed in fall. illus. p.284. all previous year’s growth in early spring.
grown for their foliage, which turns yellow P. grandiflorus illus. p.269. P. viridistriatus, syn. Arundinaria Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
in fall, their catkins, and their long-lasting Apoyama Group are dwarf, clump- auricoma, illus. p.289. Whitefly may be a problem.
conelike, racemes of fruit. Fully hardy. forming perennials. H 8in (20cm), S 1ft P. auriculata, syn. P. capensis (Cape
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained (30cm). Have ovate, sharply toothed, PLEIONE leadwort), illus. p.205.
soil. Propagate by seed in fall. bluish-green leaves. In late summer, clusters P. capensis. See P. auriculata.
P. strobilacea. Deciduous, spreading of large, balloonlike flower buds at stem ORCHIDACEAE P. indica, syn. P. rosea. Evergreen,
tree. H and S 50ft (15m). Has ashlike, tips open into bell-shaped, blue, purple, spreading shrub or semiclimber. H 6ft
bright green leaves with 7–15 leaflets. violet, or white flowers. ‘Mariesii’, H and See also ORCHIDS. (2m), S 3ft (1m). Leaves are ovate to elliptic
Upright, green catkins are borne from S 11⁄2ft (45cm), produces blue or purplish- P. bulbocodioides (illus. p.466). and mid-green. Has terminal racemes of
mid- to late summer; males are slender blue flowers. Z3–8 Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 6in (15cm). primrose-shaped, red or pink flowers, 1in
and cylindrical, often drooping at tips, In spring, usually before a solitary leaf (2.5cm) long. These are produced in
females are conelike, turn brown and PLATYSTEMON develops, bears pink, rose or magenta summer, if hard-pruned annually in
persist through winter. Z6–9 flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, with darker spring, or from late winter onward, if left
PAPAVERACEAE purple marks on lips. Leaf is narrowly lance- unpruned and trained as a climber.
PLATYCERIUM shaped, 51⁄2in (14cm) long. Often difficult to Z10–12 (min. 45˚F/7˚C)
Genus of one species of very variable, flower: regular feeding helps to increase P. rosea. See P. indica.
Staghorn fern summer-flowering annual. Fully hardy. pseudobulbs to flowering size. Z10–11
Grow in sun and in fertile, well-drained P. x confusa. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. PLUMERIA 669
POLYPODIACEAE soil. Propagate by seed sown outdoors in H 6in (15cm). Bears canary-yellow flowers,
spring or early fall. 2–3in (5–8cm) across, with brown or purple Frangipani, Pagoda tree
Genus of evergreen, epiphytic ferns, best P. californicus (Cream cups) illus. p.321. blotches on lips, singly in spring before
grown in hanging baskets or fastened to foliage emerges. Has lance-shaped leaves, APOCYNACEAE
and suspended from pieces of wood. PLECTRANTHUS 4–7in (10–18cm) long. Does best in an
Produces 2 kinds of fronds: permanent, alpine house. Needs partial shade. Genus of mainly deciduous, fleshy-
broad, sterile “nest leaves” forming the LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE Z10–11 branched shrubs and trees, grown for
main part of the plant; and strap-shaped, P. hookeriana. Deciduous, terrestrial their flowers in summer–fall. Frost tender.
arching fertile fronds, often partly divided Genus of annuals, evergreen, trailing, or orchid. H 3–6in (8–15cm). Lilac-pink, rose Requires full sun and freely draining soil.
into two. Frost tender. Thrives in warm, bushy perennials, semisucculents, and or white flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, Water container specimens moderately
humid, partial shaded conditions; needs shrubs, grown for their foliage. Frost each with a brown- or purplish-spotted while in growth, keep dry in winter when
fibrous, peaty compost with hardly any tender. Easy to grow if kept moist in lip, are borne singly in spring with lance- leafless. Stem tips may be cut out to induce
soil. Propagate by detaching buds in spring partial shade or bright light. Cut back shaped leaves, 2–8in (5–20cm) long. branching. Propagate by seed or by leafless
or summer and planting in compost, or by stem tips in growing season if plants Cultivate as for P. x confusa. Z10–11 stem-tip cuttings in late spring. Red spider
spores in summer or early fall. become too straggly. Propagate by stem P. humilis. Deciduous, epiphytic or rock- mite may be a nuisance. tThe milky sap
P. alcicorne of gardens. See P. bifurcatum. cuttings or division in spring or summer. dwelling orchid. H 6in (15cm). In winter, may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
P. bifurcatum, syn. P. alcicorne of gardens P. australis of gardens. See P. verticillatus. before foliage emerges, white flowers, P. acuminata. See P. rubra f. acutifolia.
(Common staghorn fern), illus. p.479. P. coleoides ‘Variegatus’ of gardens. 3–31⁄2in (7–9cm) across, each with a crimson- P. acutifolia. See P. rubra f. acutifolia.
P. superbum (Giant staghorn fern). See P. madagascariensis ‘Variegated spotted lip, are borne singly or in pairs. P. rubra illus. p.453. f. acutifolia
Epiphytic fern. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5).Long, Mintleaf’. Lance-shaped leaves are 7–10in (18–25cm) (syn. P. acuminata, P. acutifolia) is a
grayish-green, sterile fronds, to 6ft (2m), P. forsteri ‘Marginatus’ illus. p.298. long. Grow as for P. x confusa. Z10–11 deciduous, spreading, sparsely branched
are rounded to kidney-shaped, with P. fruticosus ‘James’ illus. p.454. P. praecox. Deciduous, epiphytic or rock- small tree or shrub. H and S 12ft (4m)
deeply lobed upper margins. Leathery, P. madagascariensis (Mintleaf). dwelling orchid. H 6in (15cm). Flowers, to or more. Lance-shaped to ovate leaves
bright green, fertile fronds fork into Creeping, shrubby perennial. H 1ft (30cm), 3in (8cm) across, are borne in pairs in fall, are 8–12in (20–30cm) long. Bears fragrant,
strap-shaped segments; a large, round S indefinite. Has rounded, scalloped, fleshy after foliage. They are white to rose-purple, yellow-eyed, white flowers, with 5
patch of spores forms between the 2 main leaves. Bears 2-lipped, lavender-blue or spreading petals, from summer to fall.
forks. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) white flowers, often dotted with red. Z11–12 (min. 50–55°F/10–13°C).
Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C). ‘Variegated
Mintleaf’ (syn. P. coleoides ‘Variegatus’
PODALYRIA
PODALYRIA P. ricasoliana, syn. Pandorea ricasoliana, POLIOTHYRSIS P. hirtum, syn. P. latifolium. Upright, then
Tecoma ricasoliana. Vigorous climber. arching, rhizomatous perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE H 12ft (4m) or more. Leaves have 5–11 SALICACEAE S 2ft (60cm). Clusters of 2–5 drooping,
lance-shaped to ovate, wavy, deep green tubular, green-tipped, white flowers open
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- leaflets. Loose clusters of fragrant, pink Genus of one species of deciduous tree, in late spring. Undersides of stems, leaf
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers flowers, with darker veins, are borne from grown for its foliage and flowers. Fully stalks, and ovate to lance-shaped, mid-
and overall appearance. Frost tender. spring to fall. Z10–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C) hardy. Grow in sun or partial shade and green leaves are hairy. Z3–8
Requires full light and fertile, well-drained in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by P. hookeri illus. p.353.
soil. Water containerized plants moderately, Poinciana gilliesii. See Caesalpinia softwood cuttings in summer. P. x hybridum illus. p.223.
less when not in full growth. Prune, if gilliesii. P. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading P. latifolium. See P. hirtum.
necessary, after flowering. Propagate by tree. H 30ft (10m) or more, S 20ft (6m). P. multiflorum. Arching, leafy perennial
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in Poinciana pulcherrima. See Has long, ovate, sharply toothed leaves, with fleshy rhizomes. H 3ft (90cm), S 10in
summer. Caesalpinia pulcherrima. glossy and dark green, with wine-red (25cm). Has ovate to lance-shaped, mid-
P. sericea. Vigorous, rounded shrub. stalks. Fragrant, star-shaped, white, later green leaves. Bears clusters of 2–6
H 18–36in (45–90cm), S 11⁄2–3ft (45–100cm). POLEMONIUM yellow flowers are borne in late summer pendent, tubular, green-tipped, white
Has ovate, downy, mid-green leaves and and early fall. Z6–9 flowers in late spring, then round, black
sweet pealike, fragrant, pink flowers in Jacob’s ladder fruits. Z4–8. ‘Flore Pleno’ has double
summer. Z10–12 (min. 45˚F/7˚C) POLYGALA flowers that look like ballet dancers’ skirts.
POLEMONIACEAE ‘Striatum’ (syn. P.m. ‘Variegatum’), H 2ft
PODOCARPUS Milkwort, Snakeroot (60cm), has leaves with creamy-white
Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering stripes. ‘Variegatum’ see P.m. ‘Striatum’.
PODOCARPACEAE annuals and often short-lived perennials. POLYGALACEAE P. odoratum. Arching, rhizomatous
Fully hardy. Prefers sun and fertile, well- perennial. H 34in (85cm), S 1ft (30cm).
See also CONIFERS. drained soil. Propagate by division in Genus of annuals and evergreen Produces pairs of fragrant, tubular to bell-
P. andinus. See Prumnopitys andina. spring or by seed in fall. perennials and shrubs, grown mainly for shaped, green-tipped, white flowers in late
P. macrophyllus (usamaki). Erect conifer. P. archibaldiae. Robust, bushy, clump- their pealike flowers. Fully hardy to frost spring. Ovate to lance-shaped leaves are
H 50ft (15m), S 20–25ft (6–8m). Long, linear forming perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 1ft tender. Needs full light or partial shade mid-green. Z3–8
leaves are bright green above, glaucous (30cm). Leaves have 21 to 31 lance- and moist, but sharply drained soil. Water P. verticillatum (Whorled Solomon’s
beneath. May be grown as a shrub, H and shaped leaflets. Erect stems bear clusters potted specimens freely when in full seal). Upright, rhizomatous perennial.
S 3–6ft (1–2m), and planted in a tub in hot of bell-shaped, usually deep violet-blue growth, moderately at other times. Lanky H to 32in (80cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears whorls
climates. Z7–ª flowers in late spring, summer, and stems may be cut back hard in late winter. of stalkless, lance-shaped, mid-green
P. nivalis (Alpine totara; illus. p.105). occasionally early fall. White-flowered Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe leaves. In early summer, produces
Rounded, spreading, shrubby conifer. forms are usually scented. Z6–10 cuttings in late summer. Susceptible to narrowly bell-shaped, greenish-white
H and S to 6ft (2m). Has reddish-brown, P. boreale, syn. P. pulcherrimum. whitefly. flowers. Z4–8
peeling bark and lance-shaped, sharp- Vigorous, summer-flowering perennial. P. calcarea illus. p.370. ‘Bulley’s Form’
pointed, rigid, dark green leaves. Bears H 20in (50cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has bright is an evergreen, prostrate perennial. H 1in Polygonum. See Persicaria except for:
catkinlike, yellow, male flowers and green, green leaves divided into leaflets and (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has rosettes of small, P. baldschuanicum for which see
conelike, female flowers. Egg-shaped, red tubular, purple-blue flowers with throats narrowly ovate leaves. Bears loose heads Fallopia baldschuanica.
fruits follow in fall on female plants. Z7–11 of yellow or white. Z3–8 of deep blue flowers in late spring and
P. caeruleum illus. p.270. Brise d’Anjou early summer. Prefers humus-rich soil. POLYPODIUM
P P. salignus illus. p.100. (‘Blanjou’) illus. p.270. Z7–9. ‘Lillet’ illus. p.369.
Q PODOPHYLLUM P. carneum illus. p.269. P. chamaebuxus illus. p.371. POLYPODIACEAE
P. foliosissimum. Vigorous, clump- var. grandiflora (syn. P.c. var. purpurea,
syn. DYSOSMA forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft P.c. var. rhodoptera) illus. p.354. var. Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
(60cm). Clusters of cup-shaped, lilac purpurea see P.c. var. grandiflora. var. mostly evergreen ferns, usually epiphytic
BERBERIDACEAE flowers, with yellow stamens, are borne in rhodoptera see P.c. var. grandiflora. H4 and sometimes terrestrial, grown for their
summer at the stem tips, above oblong to P. x dalmaisiana, syn. P. myrtifolia var. sculptural fronds. Fully hardy to frost
Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, each grandiflora of gardens, illus. p.457. tender. Grow in partial shade and fibrous,
perennials. Fully to frost hardy; young composed of numerous, small leaflets. Z3–8. P. myrtifolia var. grandiflora of moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
leaves may be damaged by frost. Prefers var. flavum, H 16–28in (40–70cm), bears gardens. See P. x dalmaisiana. by division in spring or by spores in
partial shade and moist, peaty soil. yellow flowers shaded orange-red outside. P. vayredae. Evergreen, mat-forming late summer.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed P. ‘Northern Lights’. Compact, upright shrub. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 8–12in (20– P. areolatum. See Phlebodium
in fall. tAll parts of the plants are highly perennial. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 1ft 30cm). Slender, prostrate stems bear small, pseudoaureum.
toxic if ingested. (30cm). Has finely divided, bright green linear leaves. Pealike, yellow-lipped, P. aureum. See Phlebodium aureum.
P. emodi. See Sinopodophyllum leaves. From late spring to early fall, reddish-purple flowers are borne in late P. australe. See P. cambricum.
hexandrum. produces clusters of fragrant, cup-shaped, spring and early summer. Suitable for a P. cambricum, syn. P. australe, P. vulgare
P. hexandrum. See Sinopodophyllum pale blue flowers. Z3–8 rock garden or alpine house. Z7–9 subsp. serratum (Southern polypody).
hexandrum. P. pulcherrimum. See P. boreale. Deciduous, creeping fern. H 6–24in (15–
P. peltatum (American mandrake, May POLYGONATUM 60cm), S indefinite. Has broadly lance-
apple). Vigorous, spreading, rhizomatous POLIANTHES shaped to broadly triangular-ovate,
perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 4ft (1.2m). Solomon’s seal divided, mid-green fronds, to 2ft (60cm)
Sometimes brown-mottled, light green ASPARAGACEAE long, with linear or oblong, often toothed
leaves, with 3–5 deep lobes, push up ASPARAGACEAE pinnae. New fronds develop in late
through soil, looking like closed umbrellas. Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for summer and die back by early summer.
Nodding, cup-shaped, white flowers open their fragrant flowers in summer. Half Genus of spring- or early summer- Sori are conspicuously yellow in winter.
under the foliage, from mid-spring to early hardy to frost tender. Needs a sheltered flowering, rhizomatous perennials. Z3–7. ‘Richard Kayse’ illus. p.293.
summer. Produces large, fleshy, plumlike, site in full sun and well-drained soil. Water Fully hardy to half hardy. Requires a cool, P. glycyrrhiza (Liquorice fern).
glossy, deep rose-pink fruits in fall. Z3–8 well in spring and summer; apply liquid shady situation and fertile, well-drained Terrestrial, evergreen fern. H 1ft (30cm)
fertilizer every 2 weeks when in growth. soil. Propagate by division in early spring S indefinite. Has oblong–triangular to
670 PODRANEA Dry off after leaves die down in winter. or by seed in fall. Sawfly caterpillar is a narrowly ovate, divided, mid-green fronds,
Propagate by seed or by offsets in spring. common pest. tAll parts may cause mild with lance-shaped to oblong pinnae that
BIGNONIACEAE P. geminiflora, syn. Agave duplicata, stomach upset if ingested. arise from a licorice-scented rootstock.
Bravoa geminiflora, illus. p.413. P. biflorum, syn. P. canaliculatum, Z5–8. ‘Longicaudatum’ has fronds
Genus of one species of evergreen, P. tuberosa, syn. Agave polianthes P. commutatum, P. giganteum. Arching, with very long, pointed tips.
twining climber, grown for its trumpet- (Tuberose), illus. p.385. ‘The Pearl’ is a rhizomatous perennial. H 16–72in (0.4–2m), P. interjectum ‘Cornubiense’. See
shaped, foxglovelike flowers. Frost tender. tuberous perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 6in S 2ft (60cm). Bears ovate to oblong, mid- P. x mantoniae ‘Cornubiense’.
Grow in full light and any fertile, well- (15cm). Has a basal cluster of strap- green leaves. Pendent clusters of bell- P. x mantoniae ‘Cornubiense’, syn.
drained soil. Water regularly, less in cold shaped, erect leaves; flower stem also shaped, white flowers are borne in leaf P. interjectum ‘Cornubiense’, P. vulgare
weather. Provide support. Thin out bears leaves on lower part. Produces a axils during late spring. Z3–8 ‘Cornubiense’, illus. p.291.
crowded growth in winter or early spring. spike of funnel-shaped, semidouble or P. canaliculatum. See P. biflorum.
Propagate by seed in spring or semiripe double, white flowers with 6 spreading P. commutatum. See P. biflorum.
cuttings in summer. petals, in summer. Z10–11 (min. 41˚F/5˚C). P. giganteum. See P. biflorum.
PORTULACARIA
P. pseudoaureum. See Phlebodium P. aculeatum (Hard shield fern, Prickly spring, bears red, male or green, female ovate, glossy, dark green leaves with
pseudoaureum. shield fern). Evergreen fern. H 2ft (60cm), catkins. Leaves of ‘Richardii’, H 40ft green-veined, white undersides, strongly
P. vulgare (Common polypody, Polypody) S 3ft (90cm). Broadly lance-shaped, (12m), S 25ft (8m), are golden-yellow balsam-scented when young. Foliage turns
illus. p.291. ‘Cornubiense’ see P. x yellowish-green, then deep green fronds, above. Rocket see P.a. ‘Raket’. Z3–9 yellow in fall. In mid-spring, bears red
mantoniae ‘Cornubiense’. ‘Cristatum’ with oblong to ovate, spiny-edged, glossy P. balsamifera (Balsam poplar, male or green female catkins. Z4–8
is an evergreen, creeping fern. H and pinnae, are produced on stems often Tacamahac). Fast-growing, deciduous,
S 10–12in (25–30cm). Narrowly lance- covered in brown scales. Z4–8 upright tree. H 100ft (30m), S 25ft (8m). PORANA
shaped, divided, mid-green fronds, with P. braunii. Evergreen or semievergreen Has smooth shoots and ovate, glossy,
semipendulous, terminal crests, grow fern. H 16–32in (40–80cm), S 3ft (90cm). dark green leaves, whitish beneath, CONVOLVULACEAE
from creeping rhizomes covered with Produces a rosette of spreading to arching, strongly balsam-scented when young.
copper-brown scales. subsp. serratum lance-shaped, divided, dark green fronds, In early spring, bears pendent, green Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
see P. cambricum. Z3–6 to 2ft (60cm) long. Young fronds are catkins. Z3–9 twining climbers, grown for their flowers.
densely covered with orange-brown P. x canadensis (Canadian poplar). Frost tender. Provide full light and fertile,
POLYSCIAS scales when unfurling in spring. Z3–8 Fast-growing, conical to columnar, moisture-retentive, well-drained soil.
P. munitum (Giant holly fern) illus. p.293. deciduous tree. H 80–120ft (25–35m), Water freely in full growth, sparingly in
ARALIACEAE P. polyblepharum (Japanese tassel fern). S 50–80ft (15–25m). Triangular to ovate, cold weather. Stems require support.
Evergreen fern. H 24–32in (60–80cm), scalloped, glossy, bright green leaves turn Thin out evergreen species and cut back
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, S 3ft (90cm). Produces “shuttlecocks” of yellow in fall. In early spring, bears red deciduous ones to just above ground level
grown for their foliage. Sometimes has spreading, lance-shaped, divided, shiny, male or green female catkins. ‘Aurea’ in late winter or early spring. Propagate
insignificant flowers in summer, but only dark green fronds, 12–32in (30–80cm) (Golden poplar), H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m), by basal, softwood cuttings in late spring
on large, mature specimens. Frost tender. long, covered with golden hairs when has golden-yellow leaves in late spring and or early summer or by seed in spring.
Needs partial shade and humus-rich, well- they unfurl. Pinnae lobes are oblong-ovate early summer, later turning yellowish- P. paniculata (Bridal bouquet, Snow
drained soil. Water containerized plants and have spiny-toothed margins. Z5–8 green. ‘Robusta’ illus. p.62. Z4–9 creeper). Vigorous, evergreen, twining
freely when in full growth, moderately at P. rigens. Evergreen fern. H 16in (40cm), P. x candicans of gardens. See P. x jackii. climber. H 20–30ft (6–10m). Leaves are
other times. Straggly stems may be cut out S 2ft (60cm). Has “shuttlecocks” of P. x canescens (Grey poplar) illus. p.60. heart-shaped. Large, loose panicles of
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or narrowly ovate-oblong, divided, leathery, P. deltoides (Eastern cottonwood, small, elder-scented, trumpet-shaped,
by stem-tip or leafless stem-section cuttings harsh-textured, dull green fronds, 1–11⁄2ft Necklace poplar). Very fast-growing, white flowers are borne from late summer
in summer. Red spider mite may be a (30–45cm) long. Broad, lance-shaped deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), to midwinter. Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C)
problem. pinnae are divided into ovate, spiny- S 70ft (20m). Has lush growth of broadly
P. filicifolia (Fern-leaf aralia) illus. p.458. toothed lobes. Fronds are yellowish- ovate to triangular, glossy, bright green PORTULACA P
‘Marginata’ is an evergreen, erect, green in spring. Z5–6 leaves. In early spring, bears red male or Q
sparsely branched shrub. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m) P. setiferum (Soft shield fern). green female catkins. Z4–9 Purslane, Rose moss
or more, S 3ft (1m) or more. Has 1ft (30cm) Divisilobum Group illus. p.291. P. x jackii, syn. P. x candicans of gardens
long leaves with many small, ovate to lance- Plumosodivisilobum Group illus. p.291. (Balm of Gilead, Ontario poplar). Very fast- PORTULACACEAE
shaped, serrated, bright green leaflets with ‘Pulcherrimum Bevis’ illus p.290. growing, deciduous, conical tree. H 80ft
white edges. Z12 (min. 61ºF/16ºC) P. tsussimense illus. p.292. (25m), S 50ft (15m). Ovate leaves are dark Genus of fleshy annuals and a few
P. guilfoylei (Geranium aralia). Slow- green and, when young, balsam-scented. perennials with showy, cup-shaped,
growing, evergreen, rounded tree. Poncirus trifoliata. See Citrus Bears green female catkins in early spring. roselike flowers that open in sun and close
H 12–20ft (4–6m), S 3–8ft (1–2.5m) or more. trifoliata. Very susceptible to canker. Z3–9. in shade. Half hardy to frost tender. Needs
Leaves are 10–16in (25–40cm) long and ‘Aurora’, H 50ft (15m) or more, S 20ft full light and any well-drained soil. Grow
divided into ovate to rounded, serrated, PONTEDERIA (6m), has leaves that are heavily but as annuals in a sunny, dry border or in a
deep green leaflets. Z12 (min. 61ºF/16ºC). irregularly blotched creamy-white. container. Propagate by seed sown under
‘Victoriae’ (Lace aralia) illus. p.458. PONTEDERIACEAE P. lasiocarpa (Chinese necklace poplar). glass in early spring, or outdoors in late
Very fast-growing, deciduous, spreading spring. Prone to attack by aphids.
POLYSPORA Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). Has stout P. grandiflora (Rose moss, sun plant).
water plants, grown for their foliage and shoots and very large, heart-shaped, mid- Slow-growing, partially prostrate annual.
THEACEAE flower spikes. Fully to frost hardy. Needs green leaves with red veins, on long, red H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6in (15cm). Has lance-
full sun and up to 9in (23cm) depth of stalks. Bears stout, drooping, yellow shaped, succulent, bright green leaves.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, water. Remove fading flowers regularly. catkins in spring. Z6–9 In summer, produces shallowly bowl-
grown for their flowers and overall Propagate in spring by division or by seed. P. maximowiczii illus. p.61. shaped flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, with
appearance. Frost hardy to half hardy. P. cordata (Pickerel weed) illus. p.441. P. nigra (Black poplar). Fast-growing, conspicuous stamens, in shades of yellow,
Prefers sun or partial shade and humus- deciduous, spreading tree. H 120ft (35m), red, pink, or white. Z10–11. Happy Hour
rich, acidic soil. Water potted plants POPULUS S 70ft (20m). Has dark bark. Diamond- Series are branching, with semidouble
moderately, less in winter. Propagate by shaped, bronze young leaves turn bright flowers in a wide range of colors. Flower
semiripe cuttings in late summer or by Aspen, Cottonwood, Poplar green, then yellow in fall. Male trees bear well during shorter days. Happy Hour
seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring. red catkins in mid-spring. Z3–9. Series ‘Peppermint’ has mottled, pink
P. axillaris, syn. Gordonia axillaris. SALICACEAE ‘Italica’ (Lombardy poplar) illus. p.63. flowers. Happy Trails Series, H 6–9in
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. H 10–12ft P. szechuanica. Very fast-growing, (15–23cm), S 14–18in (35–45cm), are
(3–4m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), sometimes much Genus of mainly deciduous trees, grown deciduous, conical tree. H to 130ft (40m), spreading, and bear semidouble flowers
more. Has lance-shaped, leathery, glossy for their habit, foliage, and very quick S 30ft (10m). Has flaking, pinkish-gray in a wide range of hues, including white,
leaves, each with a blunt tip, and bears, growth. Produces catkins in late winter bark and large, heart-shaped, dark green pink, yellow, orange, and red. Lazy
from fall to spring, saucer-shaped, or spring. Female trees produce copious leaves, whitish-green beneath, bronze Daze Mixture are low-growing, dense,
white flowers. Z9–11 amounts of fluffy, white seeds. Fully hardy. when young. Bears red male or green and semitrailing, with double flowers in
Prefers full sun and needs deep, fertile, female catkins in mid-spring. Z5–9 many colors. Good in hanging baskets or
POLYSTICHUM moist, but well-drained soil; resents dry P. tremula (Common aspen). Vigorous, as temporary groundcover.
soil, apart from P. alba, which thrives in deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
Holly fern, Shield fern coastal gardens. Extensive root systems S 30ft (10m). Rounded leaves are bronze- PORTULACARIA 671
can undermine foundations, so poplars are red when young, gray-green when mature,
DRYOPTERIDACEAE unsuitable for planting close to buildings, and yellow in fall. Flattened stalks make DIDIEREACEAE/PORTULACACEAE
particularly on clay soil. Propagate by foliage tremble and rattle in wind. In early
Genus of usually evergreen, sometimes hardwood cuttings in winter. Susceptible spring, bears gray-red male or green Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
semievergreen or deciduous ferns. Fully to bacterial canker and fungal diseases. female catkins. Z2–5. ‘Erecta’, S 5–10ft succulent-leaved shrubs, grown for their
hardy to frost tender. Prefers partial shade P. alba (Abele, White poplar) illus. p.60. (1.5–3m), has an upright habit. ‘Pendula’ foliage. Frost tender. Needs full sun and
and moist, but well-drained soil enriched Much confused with the commoner P. x (Weeping aspen) illus. p.74. well-drained soil. Water potted plants
with fibrous organic matter. Remove faded canescens. ‘Raket’ (syn. P.a. Rocket) is a P. trichocarpa (Black cottonwood, moderately when in full growth, less at
fronds regularly. Propagate species by narrowly conical, deciduous tree. Western balsam poplar). Very fast-growing, other times. Propagate by semiripe
division in spring or by spores in summer, H 70–130ft (20–40m), S 25ft (8m). Has white, deciduous, conical tree. H 100ft (30m) or cuttings in summer.
selected forms by division in spring. hairy new shoots and ovate to rounded, more, S 30ft (10m). Has dense growth of P. afra (Elephant bush) illus. p.457.
wavy-margined to maplelike, 5-lobed f. foliis-variegatis see P.a. ‘Variegata’.
P. acrostichoides. Evergreen fern. H 11⁄2ft leaves, dark green above, white-hairy ‘Variegata’ (syn. P.a. f. foliis-variegatis)
(45cm), S 3ft (90cm). Slender, lance-shaped, beneath, that turn yellow in fall. In early is an evergreen or semievergreen, erect
deep green fronds have small, hollylike shrub with more or less horizontal
pinnae. Excellent for cutting. Z3–9
PORTULACARIA
branches. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has green to silver-gray leaves. ‘Beesii’ (syn. P. ‘William Rollisson’. Clump-forming Alpine Auricula Group. In these, the
ovate to rounded, fleshy, cream-edged, P. ‘Nana Argentea’), H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has color of the flower center is strikingly
bright green leaves. In summer, bears (1.2m), is slow-growing and compact, with mid-green leaves. From early to late different from that of the petals. They may
small clusters of tiny, star-shaped, pale golden-yellow flowers and silver leaves. summer, bears saucer-shaped, semidouble, be either light-centered (white or pale in
pink flowers. Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC) ‘Daydawn’ illus. p.162. ‘Elizabeth’ see yellow or red-orange flowers with yellow the center) or gold-centered (yellow or
P.f. Sulphurascens Group ‘Elizabeth’. centers and petal backs. Z4–8 gold in the center). There is no meal or
POTAMOGETON ‘Friedrichsenii’ illus. p.160. ‘Gold Drop’ P. ‘Yellow Queen’. Clump-forming “farina” on either leaves or flowers. Grow
(syn. P. parvifolia ‘Gold Drop’), H and S 4ft perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm).Has in an alpine house or rock garden.
POTAMOGETONACEAE (1.2m), bears abundant, golden-yellow strawberrylike, dark green leaves.
flowers amid bright green leaves. Produces bright yellow flowers from early Show Auricula Group have flowers
Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged ‘Goldfinger’ bears large, rich yellow to late summer. Z4–8 with a distinct circle of white meal or
water plants, grown for their foliage and flowers in profusion. ‘Jackman’s “paste” in the center. Some are self-
as oxygenators. Suitable for cold-water Variety’, H 4ft (1.2m), has large, bright PRATIA colored, with one color, which may be red,
pools and aquariums. Fully hardy. Prefers yellow flowers. ‘Maanelys’ (syn. P. yellow, blue or violet, from the central
sun. Remove fading foliage and thin plants ‘Maanelys’, P. ‘Manelys’, P. ‘Moonlight’), CAMPANULACEAE paste to the petal margins; edged cultivars
as necessary. Propagate by stem cuttings H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m), has soft yellow have a black ring surrounding the central
in spring or summer. flowers and gray-green foliage. ‘Manchu’ Genus of prostrate, evergreen perennials paste, feathering out to an often green,
P. crispus (Curled pondweed) illus. p.442. (syn. P. davurica var. mandschurica of grown for their abundant, solitary, star- gray, or white margin; in fancy cultivars,
P. pectinatus (Fennel-leaved pondweed). gardens) has pure white flowers and shaped, 2-lipped, usually white or blue- the paste is surrounded by a color other
Deciduous, perennial, submerged water silvery-gray leaves. ‘Red Ace’ illus. p.156. purple flowers. Fully hardy to frost hardy. than black, with a green, gray, or white
plant. S 10ft (3m). Has very narrow, linear, ‘Royal Flush’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 30in Good for groundcover in damp soil; also margin. Show Auriculas have white farina
green to brownish-green leaves and, in (75cm), produces mid-green leaves and for a rock garden or in paving, but can be on their foliage (except those with green-
summer, inconspicuous flowers. Suitable sometimes semidouble, yellow-stamened, invasive. Grow in fertile, loamy, reliably edged flowers), on their flower eyes and,
for a medium-sized to large pool. Z4–12 rich pink flowers, fading to white in full moist soil in partial or deep shade. sometimes, on their petal margins. Grow
sun. Sulphurascens Group ‘Elizabeth’ Propagate by division at any time. under glass to protect flowers from rain.
P POTENTILLA (syn. P. arbuscula, P.f. ‘Elizabeth’) illus. P. angulata, syn. Lobelia angulata.
Q p.160. ‘Sunset’ illus. p.162. ‘Tangerine’, Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 2in Border Auricula Group are generally
syn. COMARUM H 4ft (1.2m), bears yellow flowers, flushed (5cm), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Has small, robust, garden Auricula primulas, which
672 Cinquefoil with pale orange-red, amid mid-green broadly ovate, dark green leaves. Star- are often very fragrant. Some have farina
leaves. ‘Vilmoriniana’ illus. p.159. shaped, white flowers, with 5 unevenly on flower stems and leaves. Grow in a
ROSACEAE P. ‘Gibson’s Scarlet’. Clump-forming spaced petals, are borne in leaf axils in mixed or herbaceous border.
perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm). late spring. Round, purplish-red fruits
Genus of perennials, deciduous shrubs, Bears saucer-shaped, brilliant scarlet follow in fall. (borderline) Z7–10 Candelabra primulas
and a few annuals and biennials, grown flowers from mid- to late summer. Dark P. pedunculata, syn. Lobelia pedunculata, These are robust, herbaceous perennials
for their clusters of small, flattish to green leaves are strawberrylike. Z4–9 illus. p.369. with tubular, flat-faced flowers borne in
saucer-shaped flowers and their foliage. P. ‘Gloire de Nancy’, syn. P. ‘Glory of tiered whorls up tall, sturdy stems. Some
Tall species—particularly the shrubs—are Nancy’. Clump-forming perennial. H 11⁄2ft PRIMULA are deciduous, dying back to basal buds;
useful in borders. Dwarf potentillas are (45cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears very large, others are semievergreen, dying back to
good for rock gardens. Fully hardy. Does saucer-shaped, semidouble, orange and Primrose reduced rosettes. Grow in moist shade
best in full sun, but flower color is better coppery-red flowers throughout summer. or woodland, especially by streams.
on orange-, red- and pink-flowered plants Has strawberrylike, dark green leaves. Z4–9 PRIMULACEAE
if shaded from the hottest sun. Needs well- P. ‘Glory of Nancy’. See P. ‘Gloire de Primrose-Polyanthus primulas
drained soil. Propagate species by seed in Nancy’. Genus of mainly herbaceous perennials, A diverse group of evergreen, semi-
fall; selected perennial forms by division P. indica. See Duchesnea indica. some woody-based and evergreen. All evergreen, or deciduous perennial hybrids,
only in spring or fall; shrubs by soft- or P. ‘Maanelys’. See P. fruticosa ‘Maanelys’. have leaves in basal rosettes and tubular, derived from P. vulgaris, crossed with
greenwood cuttings in summer. P. ‘Manelys’. See P. fruticosa ‘Maanelys’. bell- or primrose-shaped (flat) flowers. P. veris, P. juliae and other species. They
P. alba illus. p.359. P. megalantha, syn. P. fragiformis, illus. In some primulas, the flower stems, leaves, are divided into two main groups:
P. arbuscula. See P. fruticosa p.276. sepals, and, occasionally, sections of the
Sulphurascens Group ‘Elizabeth’. P. ‘Monsieur Rouillard’. Clump- petals are covered with a waxy powder Primrose Group produce mostly
P. ‘Arc-en-ciel’ illus. p.268. forming perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 2ft known as farina. There are primulas solitary flowers among the leaves. Mainly
P. argyrophylla. See P. atrosanguinea (60cm). Produces saucer-shaped, double, suitable for almost every type of site: grown as spring-flowering herbaceous
var. argyrophylla. blood-red flowers in summer above the border, scree garden, rock garden, perennials or as biennial, greenhouse-
P. atrosanguinea illus. p.269. var. strawberrylike, dark green leaves. Z4–9 peat garden, bog garden, pool margin, container plants flowering from winter
argyrophylla (syn. P. argyrophylla) is a P. ‘Moonlight’. See P. fruticosa ‘Maanelys’. greenhouse, and alpine house. Some may to spring.
clump-forming perennial. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), P. ‘Nana Argentea’. See P. fruticosa be difficult to grow, as they dislike winter
S 2ft (60cm). Saucer-shaped, yellow or ‘Beesii’. damp or summer heat. Fully hardy to frost Polyanthus Group bear flowers in
yellow-orange flowers are produced in P. nepalensis ‘Miss Willmott’ illus. p.265. tender. Repot container-grown plants long-stalked umbels. Usually grown as
profusion from early to late summer above P. nitida. Dense, mat-forming perennial. annually. Tidy up fading foliage and biennials for bedding, sown in summer to
strawberrylike, silvery leaves. Z5–7 H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has rounded, deadhead as flowering ceases. Propagate flower in winter and the following spring,
P. aurea illus. p.372. 3-lobed, silver leaves and, in summer, species by seed when fresh or in spring; or under glass as winter- and spring-
P. crantzii (Alpine cinquefoil). Upright stems bearing 1–2 rose-pink flowers with increase selected forms when dormant, flowering container plants.
perennial with a thick, woody rootstock. dark centers. Often shy-flowering. Suits a either by division between fall and early
H and S 4–8in (10–20cm). Has wedge- rock garden or trough. Z4–9 spring, or by root cuttings in winter. Cultivation
shaped, 5-lobed leaves and, in spring, P. parvifolia ‘Gold Drop’. See Propagate auricula primulas by offsets Primulas have varying cultivation
bears flattish, yellow flowers with orange P. fruticosa ‘Gold Drop’. in early spring or early fall. Border requirements. For ease of reference, these
centers. Good in a rock garden. Z3–8 P. recta. Clump-forming, hairy perennial. cultivars may be prone to slug damage have been grouped as follows:
P. davurica var. mandschurica of H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has toothed, in damp places and to attack by root 1—Full sun or partial shade, in moist, but
gardens. See P. fruticosa ‘Manchu’. gray- to mid- green, palmate leaves. aphids when grown in very dry conditions well-drained, humus-rich soil.
P. eriocarpa illus. p.372. From early to late summer, bears pale or in containers. 2—Partial shade, in deep, humus-rich,
P. ‘Etna’. Clump-forming perennial. H to yellow flowers. Z4–8. ‘Macrantha’ see moist, neutral to acidic soil.
11⁄2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears saucer- P.r. ‘Warrenii’. ‘Warrenii’ (syn. P.r. Primulas are divided into many different 3—Deep or partial shade, in peaty, gritty,
shaped, maroon flowers above strawberry- ‘Macrantha’) has rich, golden-yellow horticultural groups, of which the moist but sharply drained, acidic soil.
like, dark green leaves in midsummer. Z5–9 flowers throughout summer. following are in common use. See also Protect from excessive winter wet.
P. fragiformis. See P. megalantha. P. x tonguei. Mat-forming perennial. feature panel pp.258–259. 4—Under glass in an alpine house or
P. fruticosa. Deciduous, bushy, dense H 4in (10cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has rounded, frame. Avoid wetting foliage of mealy
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5). Dark green 3- or 5-lobed, green leaves. Prostrate Auricula primulas species and hybrids.
leaves have 5 to 7 narrowly oblong leaflets. branches bear flattish, orange-yellow These are evergreen primulas, derived 5—Full sun with some midday shade,
From late spring to mid-fall, produces flowers with red centers during summer. from hybrids between P. auricula and or partial shade, in moist but sharply
saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers. Good for a rock garden. Z5–8 P. hirsuta, producing flat, smooth flowers drained, gritty, humus-rich and slightly
Z3–7. ‘Abbotswood’ illus. p.149. var. borne in an umbel on a stem above the alkaline soil.
arbuscula (syn. P. arbuscula), S 4ft (1.2m), foliage. There are 3 main sub-groups: 6—In a cool or temperate greenhouse, or
bears golden-yellow flowers amid gray- alpine, show, and border. as a houseplant, in bright, filtered light.
PRIMULA
P. allionii (illus. p.257). Rosette-forming, P. ‘Blairside Yellow’ (illus. p.259). P. denticulata (Drumstick primula). Rosette-forming, evergreen or semi- P
evergreen perennial. H 3–4in (7–10cm), Compact, Border Auricula primula. H 4in Robust, rosette-forming perennial. H and evergreen perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 14in Q
S 8in (20cm). Best grown in an alpine (10cm), S 8in (20cm). In early spring, bell- S 11⁄2ft (45cm). From early to mid-spring, (35cm). Has ovate to lance-shaped, bright
house. Tubular, rose, mauve, or white shaped, golden-yellow flowers nestle in a dense, rounded heads of flat, lilac, purple green leaves, softly hairy beneath. From 673
flowers cover a tight cushion of ovate, rosette of tiny, rounded to ovate, pale or pink flowers are borne on tops of stout early to late spring, produces abundant
gray-green leaves in spring. Cultivation green leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 5. Z5–7 stems. Mid-green leaves are broadly lance- clusters of yellow-eyed, white flowers.
group 4. Z5–8. ‘Elizabeth Earle’ has P. ‘Blossom’ (illus. p.257). Vigorous, shaped and toothed. Cultivation group 1 Cultivation group 2. Z4–8
lavender-pink flowers. ‘Snowflake’ is Alpine Auricula primula. H and S 4in (10cm). or 2. Z3–9. var. alba (illus. p.257) bears P. Gold-laced Group (illus. p.259). Erect,
vigorous, with large white flowers, Bears profuse, flat, deep crimson to bright white flowers. semievergreen or evergreen, Polyanthus
sometimes flushed pink at the margins. red flowers with golden centers in spring. P. ‘Don Keefe’ (illus. p.258). Vigorous, Group primulas. H 10in (25cm), S 1ft
P. alpicola (illus. p.259). Compact, Has ovate, dark green leaves. Good for rosette-forming, evergreen or semi- (30cm). Bear flat flowers, in various colors,
rosette-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z5–7 evergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. with gold-laced margins, from mid- to late
S 1ft (30cm). Produces terminal clusters of P. bulleyana (illus. p.259). Rosette- H and S 8in (20cm). Reddish stems bear spring. Leaves are ovate and mid-green,
pendent, bell-shaped, yellow to white or forming, semievergreen, Candelabra umbels of flat, slightly wavy flowers in soft sometimes tinged red. Raise annually by
purple flowers on slender stems in early primula. H and S 2ft (60cm). Tubular, deep orange-red, with tiny, yellow eyes, in seed. Cultivation group 2 or 4. Z4–8
summer. Mid-green leaves are ovate to orange flowers are borne in early summer. spring. Has long, ovate, dark green leaves. P. gracilipes. Rosette-forming, evergreen
lance-shaped. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8. Leaves are ovate to lance-shaped, toothed Cultivation group 2. Z3–9 or semievergreen perennial. H 4in (10cm),
var. alpicola (syn. P.a. var. luna) has soft and dark green. Cultivation group 2. Z4–7. P. ‘Dreamer’. Rosette-forming, Primrose S 8in (20cm). Tubular, purplish-pink
sulphur-yellow flowers. var. luna see P.a. subsp. beesiana see P. beesiana. Group primula. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 6–8in flowers with greenish-yellow eyes are
var. alpicola. P. chionantha subsp. melanops. See (15–20cm). Has ovate leaves and, in spring, borne singly in spring or early summer
P. aurantiaca. Small, rosette-forming P. melanops. bears flat flowers in cream, apricot, pink, among ovate, wavy, toothed, mid-green
Candelabra primula. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in P. ‘Chloë’. Green-edged, Show Auricula or rose-pink; all bicolors have darker eyes leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4–8
(40cm). Tubular, reddish-orange flowers primula. H and S 4in (10cm). In late spring, and yellow centers. Cultivation group 2. Z3–9 P. ‘Guinevere’, syn. P. ‘Garryarde
are borne in early summer. Has long, produces flat, dark-green-edged flowers P. edgeworthii. See P. nana. Guinevere’ (illus. p.257). Vigorous, rosette-
broadly ovate to lance-shaped, coarse, with a black body color and brilliant white P. elatior (Oxlip; illus. p.259). Variable, forming, evergreen Polyanthus Group
mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 paste centers. Ovate leaves are dark green rosette-forming, evergreen or semi- primula. H 5in (12cm), S 10in (25cm). Bears
P. aureata (illus. p.259). Rosette-forming, and have no farina. Good for exhibition. evergreen perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 10in flat, purplish-pink flowers with yellow eyes
evergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in Cultivation group 4. Z5–7 (25cm). Has umbels of small, fragrant, in spring, among ovate, toothed, bronze-
(20cm). Bears small umbels of flat, cream P. chungensis (illus. p.259). Vigorous, tubular, yellow flowers in spring, above green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8
to yellow flowers in spring. In summer, rosette-forming, Candelabra primula. neat, ovate to lance-shaped, toothed, mid- P. hirsuta. Rosette-forming, evergreen
ovate, toothed, mid-green leaves have H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer, green leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z3–7 perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 10in (25cm).
purple-red midribs; in winter, leaves form bears tiered whorls of tubular, orange P. ‘Elizabeth Killelay’ (illus. p.258). Produces small umbels of flat, rose or lilac
tight buds covered with whitish farina. flowers among ovate to lance-shaped, mid- Vigorous, rosette-forming, evergreen or flowers in spring. Has small, rounded to
Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z7–9 green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 semievergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. ovate, sticky, mid-green leaves. Cultivation
P. auricula. Rosette-forming, evergreen, P. clarkei. Small, rosette-forming H and S 8in (20cm). Fragrant, small, double, group 1, 2 or 4. Z4–8
sometimes white-mealy perennial. H 8in perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). In maroon flowers, with yellow eyes and P. Husky Series (illus. p.257). Rosette-
(20cm), S 10in (25cm). Bears fragrant, flat, spring, bears flat, rose-pink flowers, with cream-edged petals, are borne in umbels forming, evergreen or semievergreen,
yellow flowers in large umbels in spring. yellow eyes, just above a clump of rounded on reddish stems in spring. Has long, ovate, Primrose Group primulas. H and S 8in
Ovate, soft, pale green to gray-green to ovate, pale green leaves. Cultivation dark green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 (20cm). Have inversely ovate, wrinkled,
leaves are densely covered with white group 2 or 4. Divide in late winter. Z5–7 P. farinosa. Rosette-forming perennial. dark green leaves. In late winter and
farina. Cultivation group 1, 4 or 5. Z4–9 P. clusiana. Small, rosette-forming, H and S 10in (25cm). In spring, umbels of spring, bear flat, brightly yellow-eyed
P. Barnhaven Blues Group (illus. evergreen perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6in tubular, lilac-pink, occasionally white, flowers in 8 colors. Usually grown as
p.258). Vigorous, rosette-forming, (15cm). In spring, bears umbels of tubular, flowers are borne on short, stout stems. biennials. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z4–8.
evergreen or semievergreen, Primrose rose-pink flowers with white eyes. Leaves Ovate, toothed, mid-green leaves are P. ‘Inverewe’ (illus. p.258). Vigorous,
Group primulas. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). are ovate, glossy, and mid-green. densely covered with white farina. rosette-forming, semievergreen,
Flat flowers in a range of mainly dark blue Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z5–7 Cultivation group 2 or 4. Z3–7 Candelabra primula. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft
shades, all with small, yellow eyes, are P. ‘Craddock White’ (illus. p.257). P. flaccida. Lax, rosette-forming, short- (60cm). Tubular, bright orange-red flowers
borne singly on reddish stems in spring. Rosette-forming, deciduous or semi- lived perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 1ft (30cm). are produced in summer on stems coated
Have long, ovate, slightly purple-tinted, evergreen, Primrose Group primula. In early summer, each stout stem bears a with white farina. Has ovate to lance-
green leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5–9 H to 5in (12cm), S 10in (25cm). Fragrant, conical head of pendent, bell-shaped, shaped, toothed, coarse, mid-green leaves.
P. beesiana, syn. P. bulleyana subsp. upward-facing, flat, white flowers, with lavender or violet flowers above narrowly Cultivation group 2. Z4–8
beesiana (illus. p.258). Rosette-forming, yellow eyes, are borne in spring just above ovate, pale to mid-green leaves. Cultivation P. ioessa. Rosette-forming perennial.
deciduous or semievergreen, Candelabra long, ovate, red-veined, dark green leaves. group 3 or 4. Z4–7 H and S 1ft (30cm). Clustered heads of
primula. H and S 2ft (60cm). In summer, Cultivation group 2. Z4–7 P. florindae (Giant cowslip) illus. p.445. funnel-shaped, pink or pinkish-mauve, or
stout, white-mealy stems bear whorls of P. Crescendo Series. Rosette-forming, P. forrestii (illus. p.259). Rosette-forming, sometimes white, flowers are borne in
tubular, yellow-eyed, reddish-pink flowers. evergreen or semievergreen, Polyanthus evergreen perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 11⁄2ft spring or early summer above ovate to
Has inversely lance-shaped to ovate, Group primula. H and S 8in (20cm). Have (45cm). Dense umbels of flat, yellow lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves.
toothed, mid-green leaves, with red inversely ovate, wrinkled, dark green flowers with orange eyes are borne in Cultivation group 2, 3 or 4. Z4–7
midribs. Cultivation group 2. Z4–7 leaves. In spring, produce umbels of flat, late spring or early summer. Has ovate, P. ‘Janie Hill’. Rosette-forming, alpine
P. Belarina Series. Vigorous, rosette- yellow-centered flowers. Are usually grown toothed, dark green leaves. Cultivation Auricula. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat,
forming, evergreen or semievergreen, as biennials. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z4–7. group 4 or 5. Z6–8 dark to golden-brown flowers, with
Primrose Group primula. H 6in (15cm), ‘Crescendo Bright Red’ (illus. p.258) P. ‘Francisca’ (illus. p.259). Vigorous, golden centers, open in mid- to late spring.
S 9in (23cm). Has ovate to lance-shaped, has bright scarlet flowers. ‘Crescendo rosette-forming, evergreen or semi- Has ovate, mid-green leaves. Useful for
dark green leaves. In late winter and spring, Pink and Rose Shades’ (illus. p.257) has evergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. exhibition. Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z5–7
bears flat, fully double flowers with slightly flowers in shades of rich purplish-pink. H and S 8in (20cm) In spring, bears umbels P. japonica. Robust, rosette-forming,
ruffled petals. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z4–7. P. ‘David Green’. Rosette-forming, of large, flat, slightly ruffled, pale green Candelabra primula. H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
Belarina CoBalt Blue (‘Kerbelcob’) Primrose Group primula. H 4in (10cm), flowers, each with a large, star-shaped, In early summer produces tubular, deep
(illus. p.258) has very dark green leaves S 6–8in (15–20cm). In spring, bears flat, yellow eye marked with 5 slender, orange red flowers on stout stems above ovate to
and vivid deep blue flowers. Belarina bright crimson-purple flowers amid ovate, streaks. Cultivation group 1, 2, or 5. Z4–7 lance-shaped, toothed, coarse, pale green
Pink iCe (‘Kerbelpice’) illus. p.303. coarse, mid-green leaves. Cultivation P. frondosa (illus. p.257). Compact, leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z4–9.
P. bhutanica ‘Sherriff’s Variety’, syn. group 1 or 2. Z4–9 rosette-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), ‘Miller’s Crimson’ (illus. p.257) has
P. whitei ‘Sherriff’s Variety’. Rosette-forming P. ‘Dawn Ansell’ (illus. p.257). Vigorous, S 10in (25cm). Bears umbels of flat, yellow- intense crimson flowers. ‘Postford
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Often evergreen or semievergreen, Primrose eyed, lilac-rose to reddish-purple flowers White’ (illus. p.257) bears white flowers.
short-lived. In spring, bears neat umbels of Group primula. H 8in (20cm), S 1ft (30cm). in spring on short stems above neat, ovate, P. ‘Kerbelpice’. See P. Belarina Series
tubular, pale ice-blue to sky-blue flowers, Has ovate to lance-shaped, slightly toothed, mid-green leaves, densely covered with Belarina Pink ice.
with strongly-toothed petals and greenish- fresh green leaves. In spring, produces white farina. Cultivation group 2 or 4. Z3–8 P. x kewensis (illus. p.259). Rosette-
yellow eyes surrounded by a broad white double, white flowers set in an enlarged, P. ‘Garryarde Guinevere’. See forming, evergreen perennial. H 11⁄2ft
zone. Has ovate to lance-shaped, crinkled, leafy green calyx. Cultivation group 2. Z4–9 P. ‘Guinevere’. (45cm), S 8in (20cm). In early spring, bears
mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 3. Z4–7 P. ‘Gigha’, syn. P. vulgaris ‘Gigha White’.
PRIMULA
P whorls of fragrant, tubular, bright yellow Z4–8. var. fauriae, H and S 2in (5cm), has broadly lance-shaped, toothed, coarse, irregularly toothed. Fully double flowers, a
Q flowers. Ovate to spoon-shaped, toothed, yellow-eyed, pinkish-purple flowers and mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8. blend of yellow and pink, result in pale
mid-green leaves are sparsely covered with leaves covered with white farina. Bartley Hybrids have flowers in shades coffee-colored blooms, borne in tight trusses
674 white farina. Cultivation group 6. Z9–11 P. ‘Moonstone’. Rosette-forming, border from pale pink to purple, with darker eyes. in spring. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z5–8
P. ‘Lady Greer’ (illus. p.257). Semi- Auricula primula. H 5in (12cm), S 6in P. reidii. Robust, rosette-forming P. veris (Cowslip) illus. p.263. ‘Katy
creeping, rosette-forming, semievergreen, (15cm). Rounded, double, whitish- or perennial. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 4–6in (10– McSparron’ (illus. p.259) is a rosette-
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 4–6in greenish-yellow flowers are produced in 15cm). Produces dense clusters of bell- forming, semievergreen perennial. H and
(10–15cm). Bears umbels of fragrant, profusion in spring. Leaves are ovate and shaped, pure white flowers on slender S 10in (25cm). In mid- and late spring, bears
funnel-shaped, creamy-yellow flowers in mid-green. Preferably, grow under glass. stems in early summer. Has ovate, hairy, fully double, deep golden-yellow flowers,
spring. Small, bright green leaves are Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z4–8 pale green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. each with an enlarged, grayish calyx, above
produced close to the ground. Cultivation P. nana, syn. P. edgeworthii. Rosette- Z6–8. var. williamsii is more robust and tufts of long, sometimes scalloped, mid-
group 2. Z4–8 forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in has purplish-blue to pale blue flowers. green leaves. Z4–8
P. ‘Linda Pope’. See P. marginata ‘Linda (15cm). Flat, pale mauve flowers with P. rosea. Rosette-forming perennial. H and P. verticillata (illus. p.259). Rosette-
Pope’. white eyes are borne singly among ovate, S 8in (20cm). In early spring, bears small forming perennial. H 8–10in (20–25cm),
P. malacoides. Erect, rosette-forming, toothed, pale green leaves in spring. clusters of flat, glowing rose-pink flowers S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has ovate, toothed,
evergreen perennial, usually grown as an Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z3–8 on short stems, amid ovate to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Fragrant, bell-shaped,
annual. H 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). P. obconica. Erect, rosette-forming, mid-green leaves, often bronze-flushed yellow flowers are borne in whorls in
From winter to spring, small, flat, single or evergreen perennial, usually grown as an when young. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 spring. Cultivation group 4 or 6. Z9–11
double, pale lilac-purple, reddish-pink and annual. H 9–16in (23–40cm), S 10in (25cm). P. ‘Royal Velvet’. Vigorous, rosette- P. vialii (illus. p.257). Rosette-forming,
white flowers are borne in whorls of Flat, purple, lilac, or white flowers, with forming, Border Auricula primula. H and often short-lived perennial. H 1–2ft
decreasing size up slender, softly hairy yellow eyes, are borne in dense umbels in S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has large, spoon-shaped, (30–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Dense, conical
stems. Leaves are dainty, ovate, slightly winter–spring. Ovate, toothed, hairy leaves pale green leaves. Flat, velvety, blue-tinged, spikes of tubular, bluish-purple and red
frilly-margined, softly downy, and pale are pale green. Cultivation group 6. Z10–11 maroon flowers, with frilled petals and flowers are produced in late spring. Has
green. Cultivation group 6. Z10–11 P. ‘Orb’. Neat, Show Auricula primula. large, creamy-yellow centers, are borne in lance-shaped, toothed, soft, mid-green
P. ‘Margaret Martin’ (illus. p.259). H and S 4in (10cm). Has spoon-shaped, dark spring. Cultivation group 2 or 5. Z4–5 leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8
Rosette-forming, Show Auricula primula. green leaves without farina. Bears flat, P. secundiflora. Rosette-forming, semi- P. vulgaris (Primrose; illus. p.259).
H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears flat, gray- dark-green-edged flowers, each with a evergreen or evergreen perennial. H 2–3ft Rosette-forming, evergreen or semi-
edged flowers, with a black body color and black body color and a central zone of (60–90cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer, bears evergreen perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 14in
white centers, in mid- to late spring. Has white paste, from mid- to late spring. Good clusters of pendent, funnel-shaped, reddish- (35cm). Flat, soft yellow flowers, with
spoon-shaped, gray-green leaves covered for exhibition. Cultivation group 4. Z4–8 purple flowers above lance-shaped, darker eyes, are borne singly among ovate
with white farina. Excellent for exhibition. P. palinuri (illus. p.259). Rosette-forming, toothed leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 to lance-shaped, toothed, bright green
Cultivation group 4. Z4–8 evergreen perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). P. sieboldii (illus. p.258). Rosette-forming leaves in spring. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8.
P. marginata. Rosette-forming, semi- One-sided clusters of semipendent, perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). ‘Alba Plena’ (illus. p.257) has double,
evergreen or evergreen perennial. H 6in narrowly funnel-shaped, yellow flowers Umbels of flat, white, pink, or purple white flowers. ‘Gigha White’ see
(15cm), S 1ft (30cm). In spring, bears are borne on thick stems in early summer. flowers, with white eyes, open above ovate, P. ‘Gigha’. ‘Lilacina Plena’ is vigorous
clusters of funnel-shaped, blue-lilac Has rounded to ovate, lightly toothed, round-toothed, downy, soft, pale green and free-flowering, with fully double, lilac-
flowers above ovate, toothed, mid-green thick-textured, powdered, green leaves. leaves in early summer. Cultivation group 2. purple flowers. ‘Miss Indigo’ see P. ‘Miss
leaves densely covered with white farina. Cultivation group 1 or 4; needs full sun. Z4–8 Z4–8. ‘Geisha Girl’ (illus. p.257) bears Indigo’. subsp. sibthorpii (illus. p.258)
Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z4–8. ‘Linda P. petiolaris. Rosette-forming, large, pink flowers with deeply cut petals. has pink or purplish-pink flowers.
Pope’ (syn. P. ‘Linda Pope’) bears flat, evergreen perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in P. sikkimensis (Himalayan cowslip; illus. P. ‘Wanda’. Vigorous, evergreen or
mauve-blue flowers on short stems above (20cm). Tubular, purplish-pink flowers, p.259). Rosette-forming perennial. H 2–3ft semievergreen perennial. H 4–6in (10–
ovate, toothed, mid-green leaves covered with toothed petals, are borne singly in (60–90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Pendent clusters of 15cm), S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has inversely
with white farina. spring. Has small, ovate, toothed, mid- funnel-shaped, yellow flowers are borne in lance-shaped to ovate, purplish-green
‘Prichard’s Variety’ has lilac-purple green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4–8 summer. Has rounded to ovate, toothed, foliage. In spring, has clusters of solitary,
flowers with white eyes. P. poissonii. Rosette-forming, evergreen pale green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 dark claret-red flowers. Thrives in sun or
P. ‘Mark’ (illus. p.258). Vigorous, Alpine perennial. H 18–20in (45–50cm), S 8–10in P. sinensis. Erect, rosette-forming, shade. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z4–8
Auricula primula. H and S 4in (10cm). (20–25cm). Has long, inversely lance- evergreen perennial. H and S 6–8in (15– P. warshenewskiana. Rosette-forming
Produces flat, pink flowers, with light shaped, dark green leaves. Produces 4–5 20cm). Flat, purple, purple-rose, pink, or perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). Tiny,
yellow centers, in spring. Has ovate, whorls of tubular, plum-purple flowers, white flowers, with yellow eyes, are borne flat, white-eyed, bright pink flowers sit just
vibrant green leaves. Good for exhibition. with golden (rarely white) eyes in early in neat whorls in winter and early spring. above spoon-shaped, dark green leaves in
Cultivation group 4. Z4–8 and midsummer. Cultivation Group 3. Z5–8 Mid-green leaves are ovate, toothed, and early spring. Cultivation group 2 or 4.
P. ‘Mattehew Yates’ (illus. p.258). P. polyneura (illus. p.258). Rosette- hairy. Cultivation group 6. Z9–11 Divide clumps regularly in late winter
Vigorous, double Auricula primula. H and forming perennial. H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). P. sonchifolia. Rosette-forming, before flowering. Z4–8
S 5in (12cm). Produces fully double, very Dense heads of tubular, pale rose, rich deciduous perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 1ft P. whitei ‘Sherriff’s Variety’. See
dark blackish-red flowers in tight trusses rose or purple-rose flowers are produced (30cm). Produces dense umbels of tubular, P. bhutanica ‘Sherriff’s Variety’.
in spring. Leaves are inversely ovate and in late spring or early summer. Rounded to blue-purple flowers with white eyes and P. ‘Woodland Walk’ (illus. p.257)
mid-green with some farina. Good for ovate, shallowly lobed, downy, soft leaves yellow margins in spring. Leaves are ovate Rosette-forming, evergreen or semi-
exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z4–8 are mid-green. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 to lance-shaped, toothed, and mid-green. evergreen, Primrose Group primula. H and
P. melanops, syn. P. chionantha subsp. P. prolifera illus. p.445. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4–8 S 8in (20cm). Inversely ovate, wrinkled, dark
melanops. Rosette-forming perennial. P. x pubescens. Vigorous, rosette- P. Stella Series. Rosette-forming, green leaves are tinted with bronze. In late
H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm). In summer, forming, evergreen perennial. H to 6in evergreen to semievergreen, Polyanthus winter and spring, single stems bear flat
bears umbels of pendent, narrowly (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has obovate to Group primulas. H to 1ft (30cm). Form flowers, from faintly pink-tinted white to
funnel-shaped, deep violet-purple flowers, broadly spoon-shaped, white-mealy, sturdy, compact rosettes of ovate, heavily vivid pink, with heart-shaped petals edged
with black eyes, above strap-shaped, mid- usually mid-green leaves. Flat umbels veined, dark green leaves. Upright stems in darker pink. Cultivation group 2. Z5–9
green leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 4. Z4–8 of flowers in white, yellow, pink, red, bear flowers in a wide color range, P. ‘Yellow Dream’. Rosette-forming,
P. ‘Miss Indigo’, syn. P. vulgaris ‘Miss purple, or brown, are borne very freely including white, pink, red, yellow, orange, Polyanthus Group primula. H and
Indigo’ (illus. p.258). Vigorous, rosette- in spring. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z4–8. and deep purple, some with contrasting S 15–23cm (6–9in). Has ovate, toothed
forming, evergreen or semievergreen ‘Harlow Car’, H 3–4in (7–10cm), has eyes. Cultivation group 1, 2, 4, or 6. Z4–8 leaves. Bears large, fragrant, bright yellow
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 14in (35cm). shallowly toothed leaves and large, creamy- P. ‘Tawny Port’. Very dwarf, rosette- flowers, with slightly darker yellow centers,
Has ovate to lance-shaped, toothed, bright white flowers. ‘Mrs. J.H. Wilson’ is a forming, evergreen or semievergreen, in late winter and spring. Cultivation
green leaves. In spring, produces flat, rosette-forming, Alpine Auricula primula. Polyanthus Group primula. H 4–6in (10– group 2. Z5–9
double, deep rich purple flowers, with H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has ovate, 15cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears flat, port-
creamy-white tips. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 grayish-green leaves and small umbels of wine-colored flowers on short stems in PRIMULINA
P. modesta. Rosette-forming perennial. flat, white-centered, purple flowers. spring. Rounded to ovate, toothed leaves
H and S 8in (20cm). Dense heads of small, P. pulverulenta (illus. p.258). Rosette- are reddish-green. Cultivation group 1, 2, GESNERIACEAE
tubular, pinkish-purple flowers are borne forming, Candelabra primula. H 3ft (90cm), or 4. Z4–8
on short stems in spring. Rounded to S 2ft (60cm). In early summer, bears tubular, P. ‘Trouble’ (illus. p.259). Vigorous, Genus of evergreen perennials or
ovate, mid-green leaves are covered with deep red flowers with purple-red eyes on Auricula. H and S 5in (12cm). Leaves are subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Frost
yellow farina. Cultivation group 1 or 4. stems covered with white farina. Has broad, inversely ovate, mid-green and tender. Requires well-drained soil, a fairly
PRUNUS
humid atmosphere, and a light position basal-rosetted biennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), P. eximia. Fairly vigorous, rounded to hardy. Evergreen species tolerate sun or P
out of direct sunlight. Propagate by tip S 2in (5cm). Has ovate to strap-shaped, broadly columnar, large shrub or small shade; deciduous species prefer full sun. Q
cuttings in summer or, if available, seed in leathery, finely hairy, glaucous green tree. H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Grow all in any but waterlogged soil.
late winter or spring. leaves marked red-purple. Bears domed Sparsely branching stems bear ovate Trim deciduous hedges after flowering, 675
P. dryas, syn. Chirita sinensis. Evergreen, heads of star-shaped, intensely scarlet leaves that are purple-flushed, silvery evergreen ones in early or mid-spring.
stemless, rosetted perennial. H to 6in flowers in summer. Dislikes winter wet. green, and glaucous, sometimes with Propagate deciduous species by seed in
(15cm), S 10in (25cm) or more. Has ovate, Good in an alpine house. Z9–11 red margins. In spring and summer, fall, deciduous hybrids and selected forms
almost fleshy leaves, the corrugated, hairy bears oblong to cone-shaped flower by softwood cuttings in summer. Increase
surfaces usually patterned with silver PROSTANTHERA heads with red or red-tinted pink evergreens by semiripe cuttings in
marks. In spring–summer, clusters of bracts, fringed with white hairs. Z10–11 summer. Bullfinches may eat flower buds
tubular, lavender flowers are held above Mint bush P. grandiceps (Red sugarbush). and foliage may be attacked by aphids,
leaves. Z10–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC) Erect to spreading shrub. H and S 6ft caterpillars, and the fungal disease silver
LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE (2m). Leaves are stalkless, leathery, leaf. Flowering cherries are prone to a
PRINSEPIA grayish green, often with red margins. fungus that causes “witches’ brooms”
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for Produces goblet-shaped flowers, with (abnormal, crowded shoots). Some species
ROSACEAE their flowers and mint-scented foliage. bright coral-pink bracts tipped with and cultivars, notably almond (P. dulcis)
Frost hardy to half hardy. Needs full light white or purple hairs, in summer. Z10–11 and peach (P. persica) cultivars, are grown
Genus of deciduous, usually spiny, spring- or partial shade and fertile, well-drained P. mellifera. See P. repens. for their edible fruits. tLeaves and fruits
and early summer-flowering shrubs, grown soil. Water potted specimens freely when P. neriifolia (Oleander leaf protea) illus. of most other species may cause severe
for their habit, flowers, and fruits. Fully in full growth, moderately at other times. p.454. discomfort if ingested.
hardy. Needs sun and any not too dry soil. Cut back leggy stems after flowering. P. repens, syn. P. mellifera (Sugar bush). P. ‘Accolade’ illus. p.83.
Does well against a warm, sunny wall. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe Evergreen, ovoid to rounded shrub or P. ‘Amanogawa’ (Sato-zakura Group).
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer cuttings in late summer. small tree. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft (1.5– Deciduous, upright tree. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft
or by seed in fall. P. cuneata illus. p.197. 3m). Mid-green leaves are narrowly (4m). Bears fragrant, semidouble, pale pink
P. sinensis. Lax, thorny-branched shrub. P. lasianthos. Evergreen, erect shrub. oblong to elliptic and tinted blue-gray. flowers in late spring. Oblong to ovate,
H and S 6ft (1.8m). In early spring, bears H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). Has lance- From spring to summer, produces cup- taper-pointed, dark green leaves turn
single or small clusters of small, bright shaped, aromatic, mid-green leaves. In late shaped, 5in (13cm) long flower heads, with orange and red in fall. Z4–9
yellow, 5-petaled flowers in the leaf axils, spring or early summer, bears branched, petallike, pink, red, or white bracts. Z10–11 P. amygdalopersica. See P. x persicoides.
along with narrow, green leaves. Juicy, terminal panicles of abundant, 2-lipped, P. amygdalus. See P. dulcis.
red, cherrylike, edible fruits follow in late purple-tinted, white, or cream flowers. Z9–11 PRUMNOPITYS P. ‘Anbri’. See P. laurocerasus Etna
summer. Z4–8 P. ovateifolia illus. p.457. ‘Variegata’, (‘Anbri’).
H 6ft (1.8m), S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), is a bushy PODOCARPACEAE P. avium (Gean, Wild cherry) illus. p.67.
PROBOSCIDEA shrub, less vigorous than the species. Has ‘Plena’ illus. p.71.
lance-shaped, matte, gray-green leaves See also CONIFERS. P. ‘Beni-yutaka’ (Sato-zakura Group),
PEDALIACEAE margined creamy-yellow and terminal P. andina, syn. Podocarpus andinus syn. P. ‘Matsumae-beni-yutaka’. Vigorous,
panicles of cup-shaped, purple flowers in (Plum yew). Conifer with a domed crown deciduous tree, vase-shaped when young,
Genus of annuals and perennials. Half late spring and early summer. Z9–11 on several stems. H 30–70ft (10–20m), S 25ft broadening with age. H and S 25ft (8m).
hardy. Grow in a sunny, sheltered position P. rotundifolia (Round-leaved mint bush) (8m). Has smooth, gray-brown bark and Large, ovate, deep green leaves, greenish-
and in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate illus. p.138. var. rosea (syn. P.r. ‘Chelsea needlelike, flattened, bluish-green leaves. bronze when young, are tinted orange and
by seed sown under glass in early spring. Girl’) illus. p.192. Bears white-tinged, yellow, male cones and scarlet in fall. Clusters of deep reddish-pink
P. fragrans. Moderately fast-growing, edible, yellowish-white, plumlike fruits. buds open to large, disk-shaped,
upright annual. H to 11⁄2ft (45cm), S to 3ft PROSTHECHEA Z7–10 semidouble, sugar-pink flowers. Z6–10
(90cm). Has rounded, serrated, or lobed P. x blireana. Deciduous, spreading
leaves. In summer, bears fragrant, bell- ORCHIDACEAE PRUNELLA shrub or small tree. H and S 12ft (4m).
shaped, crimson-purple flowers, to 2in Bears double, pink flowers in mid-spring
(5cm) long. Rounded, horned, brown fruits, See also ORCHIDS. Self-heal and has ovate, purple leaves. Z6–8
21⁄2in (6cm) long, follow which, if gathered P. cochleata, syn. Encyclia cochleata. P. campanulata (Bell-flowered cherry,
young, may be pickled and eaten. Z10–11 Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE Formosan cherry). Deciduous, spreading
P. jussieui. See P. louisianica. greenhouse. H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Shallowly bell-
P. louisianica, syn. P. jussieui, narrowly ovate leaves. Upright spikes of Genus of semievergreen perennials shaped, deep rose-red flowers are borne
P. proboscidea (Common devil’s claw, green flowers, 2in (5cm) long, with dark with spreading mats of leaves from which from early to mid-spring, before or with
Common unicorn plant, Ram’s horn). Erect purple lips at the top and ribbonlike arise short, stubby flower spikes in ovate, taper-pointed, dark green leaves.
to spreading annual. H to 11⁄2ft (45cm), S to sepals and petals, are borne in summer midsummer. Suits rock gardens. Fully Fruits are small, rounded, and reddish.
3ft (90cm). Has rounded to ovate, unlobed and, on mature plants, intermittently all hardy. Grows well in a position in sun or (borderline) Z7–9
leaves. In summer, bears funnel-shaped, year. Requires partial shade in summer. shade and in moist, but well-drained soil. P. cerasifera (Cherry plum, Myrobalan).
fragrant, reddish-purple to purple flowers, Z11–12 (min. 52ºF/11ºC; max. 86ºF/30ºC) Propagate by division in spring. ‘Nigra’ illus. p.86. ‘Pissardii’ is a
followed by narrow, crested fruit, to 21⁄2in P. radiata, syn. Encyclia radiata. P. grandiflora, syn. P. x webbiana, illus. deciduous, round-headed tree. H and S 30ft
(6cm) long, with beaklike projections. Z10–11 Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool p.368. ‘Loveliness’ is a basal-rosetted, (10m). Small, 5-petaled, pale pink flowers
P. proboscidea. See P. louisianica. greenhouse. H 10in (25cm), S 1ft (30cm). ground-cover perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), open from early to mid-spring and fade to
Has narrowly ovate leaves. Bears upright S 1ft (30cm). Bears whorls of pale purple white. Edible, plumlike, red fruits often
PROMETHEUM spikes of very fragrant, rounded, small, flowers in terminal spikes on leafy stems in follow. Has ovate, red, young leaves turning
creamy-white flowers, with red-lined summer. May be invasive; cut old flower deeper red, then purple. May be used for
CRASSULACEAE white lips, in summer. Z11–12 stems before they seed. ‘Pink Loveliness’ hedging. Z6–10
(min. 52ºF/11ºC; max. 86ºF/30ºC) bears terminal spikes of soft pink flowers. P. ‘Cheal’s Weeping’ of gardens. See
Genus of biennial, monocarpic, or Provides good groundcover, but may be P. ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’.
perennial rosette-forming succulents PROTEA invasive. Cut off old flower stems before P. ChoColate ICe (Sato-zakura Group),
similar to Rosularia with spikes of white, they produce seed. ‘White Loveliness’ syn P. ‘Matsumae-fuki’. Vigorous, upright,
pink, or red flowers. Frost hardy to frost PROTEACEAE has white flowers. H7 deciduous tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m).
tender. Suitable for an alpine house. P. x webbiana. See P. grandiflora. Forms a rounded crown with age. In mid-
Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets Genus of evergreen shrubs and, rarely, spring, bears pendant clusters of single to
in summer or early fall. trees, grown mainly for their colorfully PRUNUS semidouble, blush-white flowers. Ovate
P. aizoon, syn. Rosularia aizoon. Rosette- bracted flower heads. Difficult to grow. leaves are chocolate-bronze when young,
forming, evergreen perennial. H and S 6in Half hardy. Requires full light and well- syn. AMYGDALUS dark green when mature. Z6–10
(15cm). Has glandular, hairy, fleshy, drained, neutral to acidic soil, low in Ornamental cherry P. x cistena, syn. P. x cistena ‘Crimson
narrow, mid-green leaves. In late summer, phosphates and nitrates. Water container- Dwarf’, illus. p.146.
produces sideshoots with yellow, funnel- grown specimens moderately, less when ROSACEAE P. ‘Collingwood Ingram’. Seedling of
to star-shaped flowers. Plants sold under not in full growth. Plants under glass must P. ‘Kursar’. H 22ft (7m), S 8ft (2.5m). Leaves
this name often are P. chrysanthum, which have plenty of ventilation throughout the Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs turn orange-red in fall. One of the earliest
bears 5–50 flowers at the stem tip. Z10–11 year. Prune, if necessary, in early spring. and trees. The trees are grown mainly for
P. sempervivoides, syn. Sedum Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe their single (5-petaled) to double flowers
sempervivoides. Evergreen, solitary, cuttings in summer. and fall color; the shrubs for their fall
P. cynaroides (King protea) illus. p.454. color, bark, flowers, or fruits. All have
ovate to oblong leaves. Fully hardy to frost
PRUNUS
P cherries to flower in early spring, bears early spring. Ovate, dark green leaves turn shaped, pink or red flowers in late spring P. ‘Taihaku’ (Sato-zakura Group;
Q clusters of striking, dark reddish-pink, brilliant orange in fall. Z6–8 before the lance-shaped, glossy, mid- to Great white cherry) illus. p.82.
single flowers on leafless branches. Its P. laurocerasus (Cherry laurel, Laurel). dark green leaves emerge. Edible fruits P. tenella illus. p.146. ‘Fire Hill’ is a
676 stiffly upright habit makes it useful for Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub, becoming are round, downy, and red-blushed yellow. deciduous, bushy shrub with upright,
small gardens. Z4–8 spreading and open. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft Prone to peach leaf curl. (borderline) Z5–9 then spreading branches. H and S 6ft
(10m). Has long spikes of small, single, P. x persicoides, syn. P. amygdalopersica. (2m). Narrowly ovate, glossy, dark green
P. davidiana (David’s peach). Deciduous, white flowers from mid- to late spring, Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 22ft leaves are a foil for small, single, very
spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Leaves large, oblong, glossy, bright green leaves, (7m). Large, 5-petaled, bright pink flowers deep pink flowers borne profusely from
are narrowly ovate and dark green. and cherry-shaped, red, then black fruits. open from early to mid-spring, before mid- to late spring. Small, almondlike
Saucer-shaped, 5-petaled, white or pale Restrict growth by cutting back hard in ovate, glossy, mid-green leaves emerge. fruits follow. Z6–8
pink flowers are borne on slender shoots spring. Z6–8. Etna (‘Anbri’), syn. The green, then brown fruits are like P. tomentosa (Downy cherry). Bushy,
in late winter and early spring, but are P. ‘Anbri’, is upright, compact, and free- almonds in shape and taste. Z5–8 dense, deciduous shrub. H 5ft (1.5),
susceptible to late frosts. Fruits are flowering, with ovate, glossy, dark green P. ‘Pink Champagne’ see P. ‘Ichiyo’. S 6ft (2m). Bears small, 5-petaled, pale pink
rounded and reddish. Z4–8 leaves, orange-bronze when young; P. Pink Parasol. See P. ‘Hanagasa’. flowers from early to mid-spring before
P. dulcis, syn. P. amygdalus (Almond). excellent for hedging. ‘Otto Luyken’ P. ‘Pink Perfection’ illus. p.83. ovate, downy, dark green leaves emerge.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft illus. p.145. ‘Rotundifolia’, H 15ft (5m), P. ‘Pink Shell’ illus. p.84. Fruits are round and bright red. Thrives in
(8m). Bears bowl-shaped, white or pink S 10ft (3m), is vigorous and upright, and P. ‘Royal Burgundy’. Deciduous, hot summers. Z5–9
flowers on bare shoots in early spring, excellent for hedging. ‘Schipkaensis’, vigorous, narrowly upright tree, that P. ‘Trailblazer’. Deciduous, spreading
before the oblong, pointed, toothed, dark H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m), is of elegant, broadens with age. H 25–30ft (8–10m), tree. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Ovate, light
green leaves. Egg-shaped, velvety, green spreading habit, with narrow leaves and S 20–25ft (6–8m). Ovate to elliptic, reddish- green, young leaves mature to deep red-
fruits each contain an edible nut. Z6–9 freely borne flowers in upright spikes. black leaves, are deep coppery red when purple. Produces 5-petaled, white flowers
P. Fragrant Cloud (Sato-zakura Group), ‘Zabeliana’ illus. p.145. young, turning orange and scarlet-red in in mid-spring, sometimes followed by
syn. P. ‘Shizuka’. Deciduous, vigorous, P. lusitanica (Laurel, Portugal laurel). fall. Clusters of double, magenta-pink edible, plumlike, red fruits. Z5-9
erect tree, broadening with age. H 30ft Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or flowers are borne just before or with the P. triloba ‘Multiplex’. Deciduous, bushy,
(10m), S 20ft (6m). Has ovate, long-pointed, spreading tree. H and S to 70ft (20m). leaves in mid-spring. Z5–9 spreading tree or shrub. H and S 12ft (4m).
toothed, deep green leaves, paler beneath, Reddish-purple shoots bear ovate, glossy, P. sargentii (Sargent cherry) illus. p.77. Double, pink flowers are borne in mid-
emerging coppery-bronze. Drooping dark green leaves. In early summer, bears ‘Charles Sargent’, H to 70ft (20m), S 50ft spring. Has ovate, dark green leaves, often
clusters of semidouble, strongly fragrant, slender spikes of small, fragrant, 5-petaled, (15m), is a rounded, deciduous tree with 3-lobed, that turn yellow in fall. Does best
white flowers, developing pinkish centers white flowers, followed by egg-shaped, elliptic, dark green leaves that turn scarlet against a sunny wall. Cut back young
with age, are borne with the emerging fleshy, deep purple fruits. Restrict growth in fall. Bears pale pink flowers before the shoots to within a few buds of old wood
leaves in mid-spring. Z6–10 by pruning hard in spring. Z6–9. subsp. leaves in mid-spring. Z5–9 after flowering. H6
P. ‘Fugenzo’ (Sato-zakura Group), azorica illus. p.119. ‘Myrtifolia’, P. ‘Sekiyama’. See P. ‘Kanzan’. P. ‘Ukon’ (Sato-zakura Group) illus. p.82.
syn. P. ‘Shirofugen’, illus. p.83. H and S 15ft (5m), is neat, dense, rounded, P. serotina (Black cherry, Wild rum cherry) P. x yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ (Tokyo
P. glandulosa ‘Alba Plena’ illus. p.145. or cone-shaped, with smaller, almost ovate illus. p.66. cherry) illus. p.82.
‘Rosea Plena’ see P.g. ‘Sinensis’. leaves; can be used for topiary. P. serrula (illus. p.78). Deciduous, round-
‘Sinensis’ (syn. P.g. ‘Rosea Plena’) is a ‘Variegata’ illus. p.119. headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has PSEUDERANTHEMUM
deciduous, rounded, open shrub. H and P. maackii (Manchurian cherry) illus. p.74. gleaming, coppery-red bark that peels.
S 5ft (1.5). Produces double, bright rose- P. ‘Matsumae-beni-yutaka’. See In late spring, bears small, 5-petaled, white ACANTHACEAE
pink flowers in late spring and ovate, mid- P. ‘Beni-yutaka’. flowers amid ovate, tapering, toothed,
green leaves. Flowers best when grown P. ‘Matsumae-fuki’. See P. ChoColate iCe. dark green leaves that turn yellow in fall. Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs,
against a warm, sunny wall. Cut back P. ‘Matsumae-hanagasa’. See Fruits are tiny, rounded, and reddish- and shrubs, grown mainly for their
young shoots to within a few buds of old P. ‘Hanagasa’. brown. Z5–6. ‘Branklyn’ has very dark, variegated or colored foliage. Frost tender.
wood after flowering. Z6–9 P. ‘Mount Fuji’. See P. ‘Shirotae’. smooth, shiny bark that resembles Requires partial shade and fertile, well-
P. ‘Hally Jolivette’. Deciduous, rounded, P. mume ‘Beni-chidori’ syn. P.m. ‘Beni- polished mahogany. drained soil. Water containerized plants
compact tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Double, shidore’, illus. p.123. ‘Omoi-no-mama’ P. serrulata var. spontanea. See freely when in full growth, moderately at
white flowers open from pink buds in late (syn. P.m. ‘Omoi-no-wac’) is a deciduous, P. jamasakura. all other times. Tip prune young plants to
spring. Leaves are ovate and dark green. Z6–9 spreading shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). P. ‘Shimidsu’. See P. ‘Shogetsu’. promote a bushy habit. Cut leggy plants
P. ‘Hanagasa’ (Sato-zakura Group), syn. Fragrant, semidouble, occasionally single, P. ‘Shirofugen’. See P. ‘Fugenzo’. back hard in spring. Propagate annually
P. ‘Matsumae-hanagasa’, P. Pink Parasol. pink-flushed, white flowers wreath young P. ‘Shirotae’ (Sato-zakura Group), or biennially, as a container plant, by
Deciduous, spreading, vase-shaped tree, growths in early spring, before broadly syn. P. ‘Mount Fuji’, illus. p.82. greenwood cuttings in spring or summer.
almost semiweeping when mature. H 15–20ft ovate, toothed leaves emerge. Sometimes P. ‘Shizuka’. See P. Fragrant Cloud. Whitefly may sometimes be troublesome.
(5–6m), S 20–22ft (6–7m). Has ovate, deep produces edible, apricotlike, yellow fruits. P. ‘Shogetsu’ (Sato-zakura Group), syn. P. atropurpureum, syn. Eranthemum
green leaves, bronze when young. In mid- Z2-6 P. ‘Shimidsu’, illus. p.81. atropurpureum. Evergreen, erect shrub.
spring, as leaves emerge, bears long-stalked, P. ‘Okame’. Deciduous, bushy-headed P. spinosa (Blackthorn, Sloe).‘Purpurea’ H 3–5ft (0.9–1.5m), S 12–30in (30–75cm).
dense clusters of large, semidouble, pale tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). In early illus. p.115. Has ovate, strongly purple-flushed leaves
pink flowers beneath the branches. Z6–10 spring, bears abundant, 5-petaled, P. ‘Spire’, syn. P. x hillieri ‘Spire’, illus. p.82. and, mainly in summer, short spikes of
P. x hillieri ‘Spire’. See P. ‘Spire’. carmine-pink flowers. Ovate, sharply P. x subhirtella (Spring cherry). tubular, purple-marked, white flowers.
P. ‘Hokusai’ (Sato-zakura Group) illus. toothed, dark green leaves turn orange- Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 15ft Z11–12 (min. 13˚C/55˚F)
p.82. red in fall. Z6–8 (5m). From early to mid-spring, a
P. ‘Ichiyo’ (Sato-zakura Group), syn. P. padus (Bird cherry). Deciduous, profusion of small, 5-petaled, pale pink PSEUDOCODON
P. ‘Pink Champagne’, illus. p.82. spreading tree, conical when young. H 50ft flowers are borne before ovate, taper-
P. incisa (Fuji cherry) illus. p.81. (15m), S 30ft (10m). Bears fragrant, white pointed, dark green leaves, which turn CAMPANULACEAE
‘Kojo-no-mai’, H and S 8ft (2.5m) or more, flowers in pendent spikes in late spring, yellow in fall. Has small, rounded, reddish-
is upright, slow-growing, and vase- followed by small, black fruits. Dark green brown fruits. Z6–8. ‘Autumnalis’ has Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers,
shaped. Leaves are orange-red in fall; light leaves turn yellow in fall. Z3–6. ‘Colorata’ semidouble,white flowers, pink in bud, in grown for their open, seemingly 5-petaled
pink buds open to pale blush-white illus. p.72. ‘Grandiflora’ see P.p. mild periods in winter. flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Needs a
flowers. Z6–10. ‘Midori-zakura’ see ‘Watereri’. ‘Plena’ has double flowers and ‘Pendula Rubra’ see P. pendula ‘Pendula position in partial shade, with light, well-
P.i. f. yamadei. ‘Oshidori’ illus. p.83. ovate, reddish-purple young leaves that Rubra’. ‘Stellata’ see P. pendula ‘Stellata’. drained soil. Train over supports or leave
f. yamadei (syn. P.i. ‘Midori-zakura’) illus. mature to dark green and turn red or P. ‘Sunset Boulevard’. Deciduous, to scramble through other, larger plants.
p.71. yellow in fall. ‘Watereri’ (syn. P.p. vigorous, narrowly upright tree, widening Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
P. jamasakura, syn. P. serrulata var. ‘Grandiflora’) illus. p.71. to a vase-shape with age. H 30–50ft P. convolvulaceus, syn. Codonopsis
spontanea (Hill cherry), illus. p.71. P. ‘Pandora’ illus. p.82. (10–15m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has broadly convolvulacea, illus. p.205.
P. ‘Kanzan’ (Sato-zakura Group), syn. P. P. pendula ‘Pendula Rubra’, syn. ovate to elliptic, toothed, deep green
‘Sekiyama’, illus. p.72. P. x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’, illus. p.83. leaves, that emerge coppery bronze and PSEUDOCYDONIA
P. ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’ (Sato-zakura ‘Stellata’, syn. P. x subhirtella ‘Stellata’, turn to shades of orange, yellow, and red
Group), syn. P. ‘Cheal’s Weeping’ of illus. p.83. in fall. Clusters of pink buds open to ROSACEAE
gardens, illus. p.83. P. persica (Peach). Deciduous, spreading single, pink-centered, white flowers, just
P. ‘Kursar’. Deciduous, spreading tree. tree. H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Bears bowl- before or with leaves in early spring. Genus of one species of deciduous or
H 18ft (5.5m), S 12ft (4m). Bears a profusion Z5–9 semievergreen, spring-flowering tree or
of small, 5-petaled, deep pink flowers in shrub, grown for its peeling bark, cup-
shaped flowers and large, edible fruits.
Frost hardy, but in cool areas grow
PUERARIA
against a warm, sunny wall. Requires a PSEUDOSASA PSYLLIOSTACHYS S 70ft (20m). Large, ashlike, glossy, dark
position in full sun and well-drained soil;
does well only in hot summers. Propagate POACEAE/GRAMINEAE Statice green leaves turn yellow in fall. Long
by seed in fall.
P. sinensis, syn. Cydonia sinensis. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, PLUMBAGINACEAE green catkins are borne in summer, the
Deciduous or semievergreen, spreading and SEDGES.
shrub or small tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has P. japonica, syn. Arundinaria japonica Genus of annuals grown for their flowers, females developing winged, green, then
decorative, flaking, gray and white bark. (Arrow bamboo, Metake), illus. p.287. which are excellent to cut for drying. Frost
Shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers, borne hardy to half hardy. Grow in sun and fertile, brown fruits. Z5–8
from mid- to late spring, are followed after PSEUDOTSUGA well-drained soil. If required for drying, P. x rehderiana illus. p.65.
hot summers by large, egg-shaped, yellow cut flowers before they are fully open. P. stenoptera (Chinese wing nut).
fruits. Ovate, finely toothed leaves are PINACEAE Propagate by seed sown under glass in Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
dark green. Z5–8 early spring. Botrytis and powdery mildew S 50ft (15m). Ashlike, bright green leaves,
See also CONIFERS. may be troublesome. each with a winged stalk, turn yellow in
Pseudofumaria lutea. See Corydalis P. douglasii. See P. menziesii. P. suworowii, syn. Limonium suworowii, fall. Produces long green catkins in
lutea. P. menziesii, syn. P. douglasii, Statice suworowii. Fairly slow-growing, summer; the females develop winged,
P. taxifolia (Douglas fir). Fast-growing, erect, rosette-forming annual. H 1–11⁄2ft pink-tinged, green fruits. Z6–8. ‘Fern
Pseudofumaria alba. See Corydalis conical conifer. H 80–160ft (25–50m), (30–45cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Produces basal, Leaf’ has leaflets deeply cut into narrow,
ochroleuca. S 20–30ft (6–10m). Thick, corky, fissured lance-shaped, wavy-margined to slightly sharply toothed lobes.
bark is gray-brown. Spirally arranged, lobed, light green leaves. Bears branching
Pseudofumaria ochroleuca. See aromatic, needlelike, slightly flattened spikes of small, tubular, pink to purple PTEROCELTIS P
Corydalis ochroleuca. leaves develop from sharply pointed buds flowers in summer and early fall. Z10–11 Q
and are dark green with white bands ULMACEAE
PSEUDOGYNOXYS beneath. Elliptic cones, 3–4in (8–10cm) PTELEA
long, with projecting bracts, are dull Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE brown. Z4–6. ‘Fletcheri’, H 10ft (3m), RUTACEAE with inconspicuous flowers in summer,
S 6–10ft (2–3m), forms a flat-topped shrub. grown for its foliage and fruits. Fully
Genus of shrubs and climbers grown for ‘Fretsii’, H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10–12ft Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, hardy. Needs full sun and does best in
their large, fragrant, yellow and orange, (3–4m), is slow-growing, with very short, grown for their strongly scented foliage hot summers. Requires well-drained soil.
daisylike flowers. Frost tender. Propagate dull green leaves. var. glauca (Blue and fruits. Fully hardy to frost hardy. Needs Propagate by seed in fall.
by semiripe cuttings and by layering in Douglas fir) illus. p.96. sun and fertile soil. Grow in a shrub border P. tatarinowii. Deciduous, spreading tree
summer or by seed in fall. P. taxifolia. See P. menziesii. or use as lawn specimens. Propagate with arching branches. H and S 30ft (10m).
P. chenopodioides, syn. Senecio species by softwood cuttings in summer Has peeling, gray bark, and ovate, dark
confusus. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, PSEUDOWINTERA or by seed in spring or fall, selected forms green leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, with
twining climber. H to 20ft (6m) or more. by softwood cuttings only in summer. toothed margins. In fall, bears small,
Has lance-shaped to narrowly ovate, WINTERACEAE P. trifoliata (Hop tree). Deciduous, round, green fruits, each with a broad,
toothed, thick, mid-green leaves. Bears bushy, spreading tree or shrub. H 15ft (5m), circular wing. Z5–8
clusters of daisylike, orange-yellow flower Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, S 20ft (6m). Has aromatic, lustrous, dark
heads, aging to orange-red, mainly in grown for their foliage. Frost hardy to green leaves with 3 narrowly ovate leaflets. PTEROCEPHALUS
summer. Z10–12 (min. 45–50ºF/7–10ºC). frost tender. Needs full light or partial Clusters of small, star-shaped, green
shade and humus-rich, well-drained but flowers, borne from early to midsummer, CAPRIFOLIACEAE
PSEUDOLARIX moisture-retentive soil, ideally neutral to are succeeded by clusters of winged, pale
acidic. Grows best in a sheltered border or green fruits. Z4–9. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.138. Genus of compact, summer-flowering
PINACEAE woodland situation. Water containerized annuals, perennials, and evergreen shrubs,
plants freely when in full growth, only PTERIS grown for their scabiouslike flower heads
See also CONIFERS. moderately at other times. Pruning is and feathery seed heads. Useful for rock
P. amabilis, syn. P. kaempferi (Golden tolerated if needed. Propagate by semiripe Brake gardens. Borderline fully hardy. Requires
larch), illus. p.102. cuttings taken in summer or by seed when sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
P. kaempferi. See P. amabilis. ripe in fall, or in spring. PTERIDACEAE softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer
P. axillaris, syn. Drimys axillaris (Heropito, or by seed in fall. Will self-seed.
Pseudolobivia aurea. See Echinopsis Pepper-tree). Evergreen, rounded shrub Genus of deciduous, semievergreen, P. parnassi. See P. perennis.
aurea. or tree. H and S 10–25ft (3–8m). Has ovate, or evergreen ferns. Frost hardy to frost P. perennis, syn. P. parnassi, illus. p.364.
lustrous, mid-green leaves, blue-gray tender. Tolerates sun or shade. Grow in
Pseudomuscari azureum. See beneath. Bears tiny, star-shaped, greenish- moist, peaty soil. Remove faded fronds PTEROSTYRAX
Muscari azureum. yellow flowers in spring and summer, regularly. Propagate by division in spring
followed by bright red fruits. Z9–11 or by spores in summer. STYRACACEAE
PSEUDOPANAX P. colorata, syn. Drimys colorata. Bushy, P. ensiformis (Sword brake). Deciduous
evergreen, spreading shrub. H 3ft (1m), or semievergreen fern. H and S 1ft (30cm). Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, grown
syn. nOTHOPAnAX S 5ft (1.5). Has ovate, leathery, pale yellow- Dark green fronds, often grayish-white for their foliage and fragrant flowers. Fully
green leaves, blotched with pink and around the midribs, are coarsely divided hardy. Requires sun or partial shade and
ARALIACEAE narrowly edged with deep red-purple; into finger-shaped pinnae. Z11–12 (min. deep, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil.
undersides are bluish-white. Clusters of 50°F/10°C). ‘Arguta’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), has Propagate by softwood or semiripe
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, 2–5 small, star-shaped, greenish-yellow deeper green fronds with central, silver- cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
grown for their unusual foliage and fruits. flowers are borne in mid-spring. Provide white marks. P. hispida (Epaulette tree) illus. p.73.
Excellent for landscaping and may also shelter in all but the mildest areas. Z8–10 P. umbrosa (Jungle brake). Evergreen
be grown in large containers. Insignificant fern. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Has short- Ptilotrichum spinosum. See Alyssum
flowers are produced in summer. Frost PSYCHOPSIS creeping, branched rhizomes. Fronds are spinosum.
hardy to frost tender. Grows in sun or erect, shining, and dark green with
partial shade and in fertile, well-drained ORCHIDACEAE several pairs of narrowly lance-shaped PUERARIA 677
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in lobes. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
summer or by seed in fall or spring. See also ORCHIDS. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
P. arboreus. See Neopanax arboreum. P. papilio, syn. Oncidium papilio (illus. PTEROCARYA
P. crassifolius (Lancewood). Evergreen p.467). Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for Genus of deciduous, mainly woody-
tree, unbranched for many years, then a warm greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm). Rich Wing nut stemmed, deciduous or evergreen, twining
becoming round-headed. H to 50ft (15m), yellow-marked, orange-brown flowers, climbers. Frost hardy to frost tender. Grow
S 6ft (2m). Leathery, dark green leaves are 3in (8cm) long, are borne singly and in JUGLANDACEAE in full sun and in any well-drained soil.
very variable in shape on young trees, but succession on tops of stems in summer. Has Propagate by seed in spring.
eventually become long, narrow, rigid, and ovate, semirigid, mottled leaves, 4–6in (10– Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their P. hirsuta. See P. montana var. lobata.
downward-pointing on older specimens. 15cm) long. Needs good light in summer. foliage and catkins. Fully hardy. Needs full P. lobata. See P. montana var. lobata.
Produces umbels of star-shaped, greenish- Z11–12 (min. 50˚F/10˚C; max. 86˚F/30˚C) sun and any deep, moist but well-drained P. montana var. lobata, syn. P. hirsuta,
white flowers in summer–fall. Female plants soil. Remove suckers regularly. Propagate P. lobata, P. thunbergiana (Japanese
bear small, rounded, black fruits. Z9–11 by softwood cuttings in summer, or by arrowroot, udzu vine). Deciduous, woody-
P. ferox illus. p.88. suckers or seed, when ripe, in fall. stemmed, twining climber with hairy stems.
P. laetus. See Neopanax laetus. P. fraxinifolia (Caucasian wing nut). H to 70ft (20m) or more. Leaves have 3
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), broadly ovate leaflets. In summer,
produces racemes, to 1ft (30cm) long, of
small, scented, sweet-pealike, reddish-
PUERARIA
purple flowers, followed by long, slender, Has ovate, hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green short stalks bear cobalt-blue flowers just round and deep yellow to orange. May be
hairy pods. In cold areas, is best grown as leaves. In early and mid-spring, heads of above the foliage. Z4–9 grown in a southern or eastern aspect,
an annual, H to 15ft (5m) or more. Z9–11 tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, clear blue P. ‘Weetwood Blue’. Usually semi- either free-standing or, in frost-prone
P. thunbergiana. See P. montana flowers open from pinkish buds. Z3–8 evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 8in climates, against a wall. Z9–11. var. nana
var. lobata. P. longifolia. Clump-forming, deciduous (20cm), S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped, (Dwarf pomegranate) illus. p.340.
perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). hairy, green leaves occasionally spotted
P PULMONARIA Bears very narrowly lance-shaped, dark with white. In spring, bears heads of PUSCHKINIA
Q green leaves, to 11⁄2ft (45cm) long, spotted tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, clear blue
Lungwort with silvery-white. Heads of tubular, flowers that darken as they age. Z3–8 ASPARAGACEAE
678 5-lobed, boragelike, vivid blue flowers
BORAGINACEAE are borne in late spring. H6. ‘Bertram PULSATILLA Genus of dwarf, Scilla-like bulbs, grown
Anderson’ has longer, narrower leaves for their early spring flowers. Fully hardy.
Genus of mainly spring-flowering especially well spotted with silver and RANUNCULACEAE Needs sun or partial shade and humus-
perennials, some semievergreen or bears brighter blue flowers. rich soil, with grit or sand added to ensure
evergreen, with small, overwintering P. ‘Margery Fish’ (illus. p.261). Semi- Genus of perennials, some with over- good drainage. Plant in fall. Dies down in
rosettes of leaves. Fully hardy. Prefers evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 1ft wintering foliage, grown for their fernlike summer. Propagate by offsets in late
shade; grow in any moist but well-drained (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly lance- leaves and often silky-hairy flowers and summer or by seed in fall.
soil. Propagate by division in spring or shaped, hairy, mid-green leaves marked feathery seed heads. Has fibrous, woody P. libanotica. See P. scilloides var.
fall. See also feature panel p.261. heavily with silver. In early spring, heads rootstocks. Leaves increase in size after libanotica.
P. angustifolia (Blue cowslip). Clump- of tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, pink flowering. Good for large rock gardens. P. scilloides var. libanotica, syn.
forming, usually deciduous perennial. flowers gradually turn blue as they age. Z3–8 Fully hardy. Needs full sun and humus- P. libanotica (Striped squill), illus. p.421.
H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has P. ‘Mary Mottram’ (illus. p.261). rich, well-drained soil. Dislikes root ‘Alba’ illus. p.415.
lance-shaped, unspotted, mid-green Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming disturbance. Propagate by root cuttings in
leaves, 16in (40cm) long. In spring, bears perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm). winter or by seed when fresh. tAll parts PUYA
heads of tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, Has ovate, hairy leaves marked heavily may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
sometimes pink-tinged, deep blue flowers. with silver, each with a narrow, green and, in rare instances, contact with the BROMELIACEAE
Z4–8. ‘Azurea’, H and S 1ft (30cm), has margin. In early spring, bears heads of sap may irritate skin.
dark green leaves and pinkish buds that large, tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, pink P. alpina (Alpine pasque flower) illus. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
open to rich gentian-blue flowers. and violet flowers. Z3–8 p.332. subsp. apiifolia (syn. P.a. subsp. perennials (bromeliads), grown for their
P. ‘Beth’s Pink’. Semievergreen, clump- P. ‘Mawson’s Blue’ (illus. p.261). Semi- sulphurea) is a clump-forming perennial. overall appearance. Frost hardy to frost
forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 20in evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 4in (10cm). Has tender. Requires full light and well-drained
(50cm). Has ovate to lance-shaped, hairy, H to 14in (35cm), S to 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has feathery, soft green leaves. Bears upright, soil. Water moderately during the growing
dark green leaves, spotted silvery-white. ovate, hairy, mid-green leaves, bronze bell-shaped, soft pale yellow flowers in season, sparingly at other times.
In early and mid-spring, bears heads of tinged when young. In early spring, heads spring, followed by feathery, silvery seed Propagate by seed or by offsets in spring.
tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, purplish-pink of tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, azure-blue heads. Z5–8. subsp. sulphurea see P.a. P. alpestris. Evergreen perennial with
flowers. Z4–8 flowers often open before leaves fully subsp. apiifolia. stout, branched, prostrate stems. H to 6ft
P. ‘Blue Ensign’. Deciduous, clump- develop. Z3–8 P. halleri illus. p.334. subsp. grandis (2m), S 10ft (3m). Linear, tapering, arching,
forming perennial. H to 14in (35cm), S to P. ‘Ocupol’. See P. Opal. see P. vulgaris subsp. grandis. subsp. bright green leaves are fleshy, with
11⁄2ft (45cm). Has broadly ovate, hairy, dark P. officinalis ‘Sissinghurst White’. See slavica is a clump-forming, deciduous hooked, spiny teeth along the edges and
green leaves. In spring, produces heads of P. ‘Sissinghurst White’. perennial. H and S to 8in (20cm). In spring, dense, white scales beneath. Tubular, deep
tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, rich blue P. Opal (‘Ocupol’) (illus. p.261). Semi- erect stems bear cup-shaped, deep violet- metallic-blue flowers, aging to purple-red,
flowers. Z4–8 evergreen, clump-forming perennial. purple flowers above deeply dissected, are borne in stiff, erect panicles in early
P. ‘Cotton Cool’. Semievergreen, clump- H to 14in (35cm), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Has woolly, mid-green leaves, followed by summer. Z9–11
forming perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), ovate, hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green silvery, silky seed heads. Z5–8 P. chilensis (illus. p.471). Evergreen,
S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly elliptic, hairy, leaves. In spring, heads of tubular, 5-lobed, P. occidentalis. Clump-forming upright perennial with a short, woody
dark green leaves marked almost entirely boragelike, glowing, pale blue flowers perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). stem. H 15ft (5m), S 6ft (2m). Stem is
with silver. In spring, bears heads of open from pink buds. Z3–8 Has finely dissected leaves. In late spring crowned by a dense rosette of linear,
tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, pink P. rubra (illus. p.261). Evergreen, clump- to early summer, solitary, nodding buds tapering, arching, fleshy, gray-green leaves
flowers that age to blue. Z4–8 forming perennial. H to 16in (40cm), S 3ft develop into erect, goblet-shaped, white edged with hooked, spiny teeth. In summer,
P. ‘Diana Clare’. Vigorous, clump- (90cm). Has ovate, velvety, mid-green flowers, stained blue-violet at the bases bears erect, branched panicles of tubular,
forming, semievergreen perennial. leaves. Heads of tubular, 5-lobed, outside, sometimes flushed pink. Feathery, metallic- or greenish-yellow flowers. Z9–11
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). boragelike, brick-red flowers open from silvery seed heads follow. Z5–8
Has elliptic to lance-shaped, silver-green late winter to early spring. Z3–8. ‘David P. vernalis illus. p.349. PYCNOSTACHYS
leaves, lightly speckled dark green near the Ward’ (illus. p.261) has narrow, white- P. vulgaris (Pasque flower) illus. p.334.
margins. Bears funnel-shaped, violet-blue edged, sage-green leaves and pale red subsp. grandis (syn. P. halleri subsp. LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
flowers from late winter to late spring. flowers; needs a sheltered spot. grandis) is a clump-forming perennial.
Z4–8 P. saccharata (Jerusalem sage). H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears Genus of evergreen perennials or soft-
P. ‘Excalibur’ (illus. p.261). Vigorous, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 1ft large, upright, shallowly bell-shaped, stemmed shrubs, grown for their whorled
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. (30cm), S 2ft (60cm). Long, elliptic leaves lavender-blue flowers, with bright yellow clusters of deep blue flowers. Frost tender.
H 1ft (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly are variably spotted with creamy-white. centers, in spring before the finely divided, Grow in bright light and fertile, well-
lance-shaped, hairy, silver leaves with In spring, bears funnel-shaped flowers, downy leaves emerge. Z5–8 drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
narrow, green edges. In early and mid- opening pink and turning to blue. Z3–8. in early summer.
spring, pink buds open to heads of tubular, Argentea Group cultivars have almost PUNICA P. dawei illus. p.473.
5-lobed, boragelike, light blue flowers. Z4–8 completely silver leaves; the flowers open P. urticifolia. Strong-growing, erect,
P. ‘Glacier’. Semievergreen, clump- red and age to dark violet. ‘Leopard’ has Pomegranate soft-stemmed shrub with square stems.
forming perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), silver-spotted, dark green leaves and H 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has opposite,
S 20in (50cm). Has broadly ovate, hairy, reddish-pink flowers that fade to lilac. LYTHRACEAE/PUNICACEAE narrowly ovate, toothed, hairy, mid-green
mid-green leaves spotted with silver. ‘Mrs. Moon’ bears leaves spotted leaves. Bears whorls of small, tubular,
In early and mid-spring, bears heads of liberally with silver and heads of pinkish- Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering deep blue flowers in racemes in winter.
tubular, 5-lobed, boragelike, pale blue mauve flowers. ‘Sissinghurst White’ see shrubs and trees, grown for their bright Z11–12 (min. 54˚F/12˚C)
and pale pink flowers. Z4–8 P. ‘Sissinghurst White’. red flowers and yellow to orange-red
P. ‘Ice Ballet’. Vigorous, semievergreen, P. ‘Sissinghurst White’, syn. fruits, which ripen and become edible only PYRACANTHA
clump-forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), P. officinalis ‘Sissinghurst White’, in warm climates. Frost hardy. Needs a
S 20in (50cm). Has broadly ovate, hairy, P. saccharata ‘Sissinghurst White’, illus. sheltered, sunny position and well-drained Firethorn
mildew-resistant, mid-green leaves well p.254. soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
spotted with silver. In early and mid- P. ‘Trevi Fountain’. Robust, clump- semiripe cuttings in summer. ROSACEAE
spring, bears heads of large, boragelike, forming, semievergreen perennial. H 1ft P. granatum (Pomegranate). Deciduous,
tubular, 5-lobed, pure white flowers. Z4–8 (30cm), S 26in (65cm). Has lance-shaped, rounded shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft Genus of evergreen, spiny, summer-
P. ‘Lewis Palmer’ (illus. p.261). silver-spotted, mid-green leaves. In spring, (5m). Has narrowly oblong leaves and, flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage,
Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming in summer, funnel-shaped, bright red flowers and fruits. Fully to frost hardy.
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). flowers, with crumpled petals. Fruits are Requires a sheltered site in sun or partial
shade and fertile soil. To produce a
compact habit on a plant grown against
QUERCUS
a wall, train and cut back long shoots after evergreen, rosette-forming perennial. QUERCUS Q. x hispanica ‘Lucombeana’. See P
flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears rounded, Q. x crenata ‘Lucombeana’. Q
in summer. Susceptible to scab and leathery, glossy, mid-green leaves and, in Oak Q. ilex (Holm oak). Evergreen, round-
fireblight. tThe seeds may cause mild summer, sprays of fragrant, white flowers headed tree with smooth, dark gray
stomach upset if ingested. that resemble lily-of-the-valley. Z4–8 FAGACEAE bark. H 80ft (25m), S 70ft (20m). Glossy,
P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense dark green leaves are silvery-gray when
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly PYROSTEGIA Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees young and very variably shaped, but
oblong leaves, dark green above, gray and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage, most often ovate. Thrives on shallow
beneath. In midsummer, bears clusters of BIGNONIACEAE and, in some deciduous species, fall color. chalk and is excellent for an exposed,
small, 5-petaled, white flowers. Round, Produces insignificant flowers from late coastal site. Z7–10
orange-yellow fruits follow in fall. Z5–9 Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, spring to early summer, followed by egg- Q. imbricaria (Shingle oak). Deciduous,
P. atalantioides. Vigorous, evergreen tendril climbers, grown for their flowers. shaped to rounded, brownish fruits spreading tree with smooth, gray-brown
shrub, part upright, part arching. H 20ft Frost tender. Needs full light and fertile, (acorns). Fully to frost hardy. Prefers sun bark. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Has long,
(6m), S 12ft (4m). Oblong leaves are glossy well-drained soil. Water regularly, less in or partial shade and deep, well-drained narrow leaves that are yellowish when
and dark green. Large clusters of small, winter. Provide support. Thin stems after soil. Except where stated otherwise, will young, dark green in summer and
5-petaled, white flowers in spring are flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings tolerate limestone. Propagate species by yellowish-brown in fall. Z5–8
followed by round, red fruits in early fall. or layering in summer. seed in fall, selected forms and hybrids by Q. x lucombeana ‘William Lucombe’.
Z6–9. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.118. P. ignea. See P. venusta. grafting in late winter. May be affected, See Q. x crenata ‘Lucombeana’.
P. ‘Golden Charmer’ illus. p.141. P. venusta, syn. P. ignea (Flame flower, though not usually seriously, by mildew Q. macranthera (Caucasian oak) illus.
P. ‘Orange Glow’. Evergreen, upright, Flame vine, Golden shower), illus. p.464. and various galls, and by oak wilt. p.61.
dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oblong, Q. acutissima (Sawtooth oak). Q. macrocarpa (Bur oak) illus. p.75.
glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters of small, PYRUS Deciduous, round-headed tree. H and Q. marilandica (Black Jack oak) illus. p.75.
5-petaled, white flowers, in late spring, are S 50ft (15m). Has fissured, corky, ashen- Q. myrsinifolia illus. p.80.
followed by round, orange fruits. Z5–9 Pear gray to black bark. Sweet-chestnutlike, Q. nigra (Water oak) illus. p.63.
P. rogersiana. Evergreen, upright, then glossy, dark green leaves, edged with Q. palustris (Pin oak) illus. p.66.
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Leaves are ROSACEAE bristle-tipped teeth, that last until late Q. petraea (Durmast oak, Sessile oak).
narrowly oblong, glossy and bright green. in the year. Z5–9 Deciduous, spreading tree with ridged,
Produces clusters of small, 5-petaled, Genus of mainly deciduous, spring- Q. alba (American white oak) illus. p.66. gray bark. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m).
white flowers in spring, followed by flowering trees, grown for their habit, Q. canariensis (Algerian oak, Mirbeck’s Has oblong, lobed, leathery, dark green
round, orange, red or yellow fruits. Z5–9. foliage, flowers, and edible fruits (pears). oak) illus. p.62. leaves with yellow stalks. Z5–8. ‘Columna’
‘Flava’ has yellow berries. Ornamental pears are best grown as Q. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leaved oak) illus. p.63.
P. Saphyr Orange (‘Cadange’). specimen trees on a lawn. Fully hardy. illus. p.64. ‘Green Spire’ is a deciduous Q. phellos (Willow oak) illus. p.67.
Vigorous, erect shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft Does best in full sun and needs well- tree with upright branches. H 80ft (25m) Q. pontica (Armenian oak, Pontine oak).
(2m). Bears narrowly elliptic, toothed, dark drained soil. Propagate species by seed S 30ft (10m). Has rough, corky, brown bark Deciduous, sometimes shrubby tree with
green leaves on stiff branches. Small, in fall, cultivars by budding in summer and sharply toothed leaves, glossy dark upright, stout branches and broadly ovate
white flowers are borne in late spring. or by grafting in winter. Many species green above, gray beneath. Z7–9 head. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, ovate,
Dense clusters of shiny, orange berries are susceptible to fireblight and scab and, Q. cerris (Turkey oak). Fast-growing, toothed, glossy, bright green leaves turn
follow. Resistant to fireblight and scab. Z5–9 in North America, pear decline. deciduous, spreading tree of stately yellow in fall. Z5–10
P. Saphyr rOuge (‘Cadrou’). Compact, P. amygdaliformis. Deciduous, habit. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m). Has Q. robur (Common oak, Pedunculate
erect shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5). Has spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). gray-white bark, splitting into thick oak). Deciduous, spreading, rugged tree.
narrowly ovate or elliptic, toothed, dark Lance-shaped leaves are gray when plates, and deeply lobed, oblong, glossy, H and S 80ft (25m). Has fissured, gray-
green leaves on stiff branches. Bears small, young, maturing to glossy, dark green. dark green leaves. Thrives on shallow, brown bark and oblong, wavy, lobed, dark
white flowers in late spring, followed by Clusters of 5-petaled, white flowers are chalky soil. Z7–10. ‘Argenteovariegata’ green leaves. Z3–8. ‘Concordia’ illus. p.72.
dense clusters of orange, later bright red produced in mid-spring, and are followed illus. p.73. Fastigiata Group illus. p.62.
berries. Resistant to fireblight and scab. by small, brownish fruits. Z4–8 Q. coccifera (ermes oak). Evergreen, Fastigiata Group ‘oster’ has a very
Z5–9 P. calleryana. Deciduous, broadly conical bushy, compact tree or shrub with smooth symmetrical, narrow, upright shape.
P. ‘Teton’. Vigorous, upright to spreading tree. H and S to 50ft (15m). Ovate, glossy, gray bark, cracking with age. H and S 15ft Q. rubra (Red oak) illus. p.65. ‘Aurea’ is
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oblong, dark green leaves often turn red in fall. (5m). Hollylike leaves are glossy, dark a fast-growing, broad-crowned, deciduous
wavy-margined, glossy, bright green Bears 5-petaled, white flowers from mid- green, and rigid with spiny margins. Z6–8 tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Golden
leaves. Small white flowers are borne in to late spring and small, brownish fruits. Q. coccinea (Scarlet oak) illus. p.65. yellow young leaves turn green in summer.
early summer, followed by an abundance May be locally invasive. Z4–9. ‘Splendens’ is a deciduous, round- Prone to burning in strong sunshine.
of yellow-orange berries. Z5–9 ‘Chanticleer’ illus. p.71. headed tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). ‘Magic Fire’, H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m), is
P. communis (Common pear). ‘Beech Has pale gray-brown bark in scaly plates. slow growing at first, with reddish
Pyrethropsis hosmariense. See Hill’ is a deciduous, narrowly conical tree. Oblong, glossy, mid-green leaves, with young leaves turning light green in
Rhodanthemum hosmariense. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Ovate, glossy, dark deep, toothlike lobes, turn deep scarlet in summer, golden yellow in fall. Young
green leaves often turn orange and red in fall. Prefers acidic soil. Z4–9 shoots are orange-red in winter. Z3–8
Pyrethrum. See Tanacetum. fall. From mid- to late spring, bears Q. x crenata ‘Lucombeana’, syn. Q. suber (Cork oak; illus. p.78).
5-petaled, white flowers as leaves emerge, Q. x hispanica ‘Lucombeana’, Evergreen, round-headed tree. H and
PYROLA followed by small, brownish fruits. Z4–9 Q. x lucombeana ‘William Lucombe’ S 70ft (20m). Has thick, corky bark and
P. elaeagrifolia. Deciduous, spreading, (Lucombe oak) illus. p.68. ovate, leathery leaves, glossy, dark green
Wintergreen thorny tree or large shrub. H and S 10–15ft Q. dentata (Daimio oak). Deciduous, above and grayish beneath. Z8–10
(3–5m). Has lance-shaped, gray-green rugged, spreading, stout-branched tree. Q. x turneri illus. p.68.
ERICACEAE leaves. Produces loose clusters of H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Has fissured Q. velutina (Black oak). Fast-growing,
5-petaled, creamy white flowers in mid- brown bark, splitting into scaly plates and deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),
Genus of evergreen, spreading, spring- spring, followed by small, pear-shaped, ovate, lobed, dark green leaves, 1ft (30cm) S 80ft (25m). Has ridged, dark brown,
and summer-flowering perennials, grown brownish fruits. Z4–8 or more long. Prefers acidic soil. Z4–8 almost black, bark and large, oblong,
for their foliage and flowers. Fully hardy. P. salicifolia. Deciduous, mound-shaped Q. ellipsoidalis illus. p.65. lobed, glossy, dark green leaves that turn
Needs partial shade, cool conditions, and tree with slightly drooping branches. ‘Hemelrijk’, is a deciduous, spreading reddish-brown in fall. Z3–9
well-drained, peaty, acidic soil; is best H and S 20–25ft (6–8m). White flowers, tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Produces
suited to light woodland. Resents with 5 petals, open as willowlike, gray deeply lobed, glossy, dark green leaves Qiongzhuea tumidissinoda. See
disturbance. Propagate by seed in fall or leaves emerge in mid-spring. Pear-shaped that reliably turn deep red in fall. Z4–7 Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda.
spring or by division in spring. fruits are small and brownish-green. Z4–7. Q. frainetto (Hungarian oak) illus. p.64.
P. asarifolia. Evergreen, rosette-forming ‘Pendula’ illus. p.88. ‘Hungarian Crown’ is a deciduous, Quisqualis indica. See Combretum
perennial. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 6in compact, upright tree. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft indicum.
(15cm) or more. Has kidney-shaped, Quamoclit coccinea. See Ipomoea (10m). Has dark gray, rugged bark and
leathery, glossy, light green leaves. coccinea. many lobed, dark green leaves, turning 679
Tubular, pale to deep pink flowers are yellow-brown in fall. Z5–8
produced in spring. Z4–8 Quamoclit lobata. See Ipomoea Q. x heterophylla (Bartram’s oak) illus.
P. rotundifolia (Round-leaved winter- lobata. p.77.
green, Wild lily-of-the-valley). Creeping,
Quamoclit pennata. See Ipomoea
quamoclit.
RAMONDA
R R. calandrinioides illus. p.346. (-10ºC) in well-drained soil. Requires sun orange or yellow flowers, 11∕4in (3cm) long,
R. constantinopolitanus ‘Plenus’, syn. or partial shade and gritty, moist but well- in spring. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
RAMONDA R. bulbosus ‘Speciosus Plenus’ of gardens, drained, peaty soil. Propagate by seed R. pygmaea, syn. Lobivia pygmaea.
R. speciosus ‘Plenus’, illus. p.275. when fresh or by division in spring. Clump-forming, columnar, perennial
GESNERIACEAE R. crenatus. Semievergreen, rosetted R. australis illus. p.376. cactus. H 11∕2in (4cm), S 3in (8cm).
perennial with thick, fibrous roots. H and R. eximia. Evergreen, cushion-forming Very short, comblike spines are pressed
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for S to 3in (8cm). Has rounded, toothed, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 4in (10cm). against gray- to purple-green stem.
their rosettes of rounded, crinkled, hairy green leaves. In summer, short stems bear Has oblong to ovate, overlapping, woolly, Bears trumpet-shaped, pink to salmon or
leaves and for their flowers. Useful for 1 or 2 shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers gray leaves. In late spring–summer, bears rose-purple flowers, to 3∕4in (2cm) across,
rock gardens and peat walls. Fully hardy. just above foliage. May also be propagated small, rounded heads of yellowish-white in spring. Prefers a sunny site. Z10–11
Prefers shade and moist soil. Water plants by removing a flower stem at its first joint flowers. Suits an alpine house. Prefers some (min. 41°F/5°C)
well if they curl in a dry spell. Propagate in summer; rosettes will form and may shade. Z7–8 R. rauschii. See R. steinmannii.
by rooting offsets in early summer or by then be rooted. Rarely sets seed in R. haastii illus. p.376. R. senilis. See R. minuscula.
leaf cuttings or seed in early fall. cultivation. Suits an alpine house or R. hookeri var. albosericea illus. p.374. R. spegazziniana. See R. deminuta.
R. myconi, syn. R. pyrenaica, illus. p.369. rock garden. Z5–7 R. leontopodium. See Leucogenes R. steinmannii, syn. R. rauschii,
R. nathaliae. Evergreen, basal-rosetted R. ficaria. See Ficaria verna. leontopodium. Sulcorebutia rauschii. Flattened spherical,
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small, R. glacialis. Hummock-forming perennial perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
pale green leaves and, in late spring and with fibrous roots. H 2–10in (5–25cm), RAVENALA Gray-green stem bears very short,
early summer, bears umbels of small, S 2in (5cm) or more. Has rounded, deeply comblike, golden or black spines. Bears
outward-facing, flattish, white or lavender lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. In late STRELITZIACEAE flattish, deep purple flowers, 11∕4in (3cm)
flowers, with yellow anthers. Z6–7 spring and early summer, bears clusters across, in spring. Grows better when
R. pyrenaica. See R. myconi. of shallowly cup-shaped, white or pink Genus of one species of evergreen, grafted. Z10–11 (min. 41ºF/5ºC)
R. serbica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted flowers. Difficult to grow at low altitudes. palmlike tree, grown for its foliage and R. steinbachii subsp. tiraquensis, syn.
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Similar to Suits a scree or alpine house. Prefers overall appearance. Related to Strelitzia. R. tiraquensis, Sulcorebutia tiraquensis,
R. nathaliae, but bears cup-shaped, lilac- humus-rich, moist, acidic soil that is drier Frost tender. Requires full light and humus- illus. p.487.
blue flowers with dark violet-blue anthers. in winter. Slugs may be troublesome. Z3–5 rich, well-drained soil. Water containerized R. tiraquensis. See R. steinbachii subsp.
May be difficult to grow. Z6–7 R. gramineus illus. p.345. specimens freely in summer, less in winter tiraquensis.
R. kocchii. See Ficaria fascicularis. or when temperatures are low. Propagate R. violaciflora. See R. minuscula.
R RANUNCULUS R. lingua illus. p.444. ‘Grandiflorus’ is by seed in spring. Red spider mite may be
a deciduous, perennial, marginal water troublesome. REHDERODENDRON
680 Buttercup plant. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has stout, R. madagascariensis (Traveller’s tree).
pinkish-green stems, lance-shaped, Evergreen, upright, fan-shaped tree. STYRACACEAE
RANUNCULACEAE glaucous leaves and, in late spring, bears H 30–52ft (10–16m), S 10–20ft (3–6m).
racemes of large, saucer-shaped, yellow Bananalike, long-stalked leaves, 10–20ft Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
Genus of annuals, biennials, and flowers. Z4–9 (3–6m) long, have expanded stalk bases. shrubs and trees, grown for their
perennials, some of which are evergreen R. lyallii (Giant buttercup). Evergreen, Groups of boat-shaped spathes with flowers and fruits. Borderline fully hardy
or semievergreen, grown mainly for their stout, upright, tufted perennial. H to 3ft 6-parted, white flowers emerge from (14ºF/-10ºC) to frost hardy. Requires sun
flowers. Many species grow from a (1m), S to 14in (35cm) or more. Has rounded, the leaf axils in summer. Z12 or partial shade, some shelter and fertile,
thickened rootstock or a cluster of tubers. leathery, dark green leaves, each 6in (15cm) (min 61–64°F/16–18°C) moist, but well-drained, acidic soil.
Some are invasive. Fully to frost hardy. or more across. In summer, bears panicles Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
Requires a sunny or shaded position and of large, shallowly cup-shaped, white REBUTIA or by seed in fall.
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by flowers. Rarely flowers in hot, dry climates. R. macrocarpum. Deciduous, spreading
seed when fresh or by division in spring Suitable for an alpine house. Rarely sets CACTACEAE tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Young
or fall. tContact with the sap may irritate seed in cultivation. Z4–9 shoots are red. Pendent clusters of lemon-
skin. R. montanus ‘Molten Gold’. Clump- Genus of mostly dwarf, clump-forming, scented, cup-shaped, creamy white flowers
R. aconitifolius illus p.223. ‘Flore Pleno’ forming, compact perennial. H 4in (10cm), spherical to columnar, perennial cacti. are borne in late spring amid oblong,
illus. p.230. S 1ft (30cm). Leaves are rounded and Produces flowers in profusion from plant taper-pointed, red-stalked, glossy, dark
R. acris (Meadow buttercup). ‘Flore 3-lobed. Flower stems each produce a bases, usually 2–3 years after raising from green leaves. Has cylindrical, woody, red,
Pleno’ illus. p.276. shallowly cup-shaped, shiny, bright golden- seed. Much-ribbed, tuberculate, green stems then brown fruits in fall. Excellent for a
R. alpestris (Alpine buttercup) illus. p.349. yellow flower in early summer. Useful for have short spines. Frost tender. Needs a woodland garden. Z8–10
R. amplexicaulis. Upright perennial. a sunny rock garden. Z5–8 site in sun or partial shade and well-
H 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has narrowly R. speciosus ‘Plenus’. See R. drained soil. Easy to grow. Propagate by REHMANNIA
ovate, gray-green leaves. In early summer, constantinopolitanus ‘Plenus’. seed in spring or summer.
produces clusters of shallowly cup-shaped, R. arenacea, syn. Sulcorebutia arenacea, PLANTAGINACEAE
white flowers with yellow anthers. Needs RANZANIA illus. p.496.
humus-rich soil. Z4–8 R. aureiflora. See R. einsteinii subsp. Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
R. aquatilis (Water crowfoot). Aquatic BERBERIDACEAE aureiflora. perennials, sometimes grown as biennials.
annual or usually evergreen perennial. R. ‘Carnival’ illus. p.483. Grown for their large, foxglovelike flowers.
H 1∕2in (1cm), S indefinite. Submerged, Genus of one species of perennial, grown R. deminuta, syn. R. spegazziniana, illus. Fully hardy to frost hardy. Requires a
branched, slender stems bear dark green for its unusual appearance as well as its p.487. sunny site and light soil. Propagate by
leaves with many threadlike segments; flowers. Ideal for woodland gardens. R. einsteinii subsp. aureiflora, syn. seed in fall or spring or by root cuttings in
floating leaves are kidney-shaped to Hardy to 14ºF (-10ºC), but late frosts may R. aureiflora. Clump-forming, perennial winter.
rounded, deeply divided into 3–7 lobes. damage new growth. Prefers shade or cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Dark R. angulata of gardens. See R. elata.
In midsummer, produces solitary, bowl- partial shade and humus-rich, moist soil. green stem, often tinged violet-red, has R. elata, syn. R. angulata of gardens, illus.
or saucer-shaped, white-based, yellow Propagate by division in spring or by seed stiff, radial spines and longer, soft, central p.234.
flowers, on the surface. Z5–8 in fall. spines. Bears many yellow, violet or red R. glutinosa. Rosette-forming, sticky,
R. asiaticus (Persian buttercup) illus. R. japonica. Upright perennial. H to 1ft flowers in late spring. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) purple-hairy perennial. H 6–12in (15–
p.410. var. flavus illus. p.412. (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has 3-parted, fresh R. fiebrigii, syn. R. muscula, illus. p.496. 30cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Leafy shoots bear
R. bulbosus ‘Speciosus Plenus’ of green leaves and, in early summer, bears R. ‘Jenny’ illus. p.484. tubular, purple-veined, pink, red-brown
gardens. See R. constantinopolitanus small clusters of nodding, shallowly cup- R. krainziana. See R. minuscula. or yellow flowers in late spring and early
‘Plenus’. shaped, pale mauve flowers. Z4–8 R. marsoneri. See R. minuscula. summer. Has lance-shaped to ovate,
R. bullatus. Clump-forming perennial R. minuscula, syn. R. krainziana, toothed, hairy, light green leaves, often
with thick, fibrous roots. H and S 4in RAOULIA R. marsoneri, R. senilis, R. violaciflora, red-tinted beneath. Z9–11
(10cm). Produces fragrant, shallowly illus. p.486.
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in fall. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE R. muscula. See R. fiebrigii. REINWARDTIA
Oblong to ovate, puckered, dark green R. neocumingii, syn. Weingartia
leaves have sharply toothed tips. Suits Genus of evergreen, mat- or cushion- neocumingii. Spherical, perennial cactus. LINACEAE
an alpine house or rock garden. Z7–9 forming subshrubs or perennials grown H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Stem is
for their dense, overlapping foliage. Some tuberculate and green. Areoles bear dense Genus of one species of evergreen
species suit alpine houses, others are best clusters of yellow spines, 5⁄8in (1.5cm) long, subshrub, grown for its flowers. Frost
in rock gardens. Hardy to about 14ºF some thicker than others, and cup-shaped, tender. Needs full light or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
RHODOCHITON
when in growth, moderately at other times. sunny, sheltered wall; R. umbellata is the panicles of small, creamy-green to deep daisylike, papery flower heads, which are
Tip prune young plants to promote most hardy. Needs sun and fertile, well- red flowers. Z5–9. ‘Atrosanguineum’ good for cutting and drying. Half hardy.
branching; cut back hard after flowering. drained soil. Propagate by semiripe illus. p.439. ‘Bowles Crimson’ has darker Grow in sun and in poor, very well-drained
Raise softwood cuttings annually in late cuttings in late summer. red flowers, and leaves that are crimson soil. Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
spring. Red spider mite may cause problems. R. x delacourii ‘Coates’ Crimson’. beneath. Leaves of ‘Hadspen Crimson’ mid-spring. Aphids may cause problems.
R. indica, syn. R. trigyna (Yellow flax), Evergreen, rounded shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft emerge crimson, then turn green in R. chlorocephala subsp. rosea, syn.
illus. p.459. (2.5m). Clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, summer; bears carmine-red flowers. Acroclinium roseum, Helipterum roseum,
R. trigyna. See R. indica. deep pink flowers, produced in spring or illus. p.303.
summer, are set off by the ovate, leathery, Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See R. manglesii, syn. Helipterum manglesii.
RESEDA dark green leaves. Z8–10 Hatiora gaertneri. Moderately fast-growing, erect annual.
R. indica (Indian hawthorn). Evergreen, H 2ft (60cm), S 6in (15cm). Has pointed-
Mignonette bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora ovate, grayish-green leaves and bears
Produces clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, rosea. daisylike, papery, red, pink, or white
RESEDACEAE white flowers, flushed with pink, in spring flower heads, in summer and early fall.
or early summer amid narrowly lance- RHIPSALIS Z10–11
Genus of annuals and biennials with shaped, glossy, dark green leaves. Z9–11
flowers that attract bees and are suitable R. japonica. See R. umbellata. Mistletoe cactus RHODANTHEMUM
for cutting. Fully hardy. Grow in a sunny R. ovata. See R. umbellata.
position and in any fertile, well-drained R. umbellata, syn. R. japonica, CACTACEAE ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
soil. Deadhead regularly to prolong R. ovata, illus. p.150.
flowering. Propagate by sowing seed Genus of mostly epiphytic, perennial cacti Genus of mat-forming, often rhizomatous
outdoors in spring or early fall. RHAPIS with usually pendent, variously formed perennials and subshrubs, grown for their
R. odorata (Mignonette) illus. p.300. stems. Small, diurnal flowers are followed solitary, large, daisylike, white flower
ARECACEAE/PALMAE by spherical, translucent berries. Frost heads, surrounded by prominent, usually
RETAMA tender. Needs partial shade and rich, green bracts. Most are hardy to 14ºF
Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown well-drained soil. Prefers 80% relative (-10ºC) in well-drained soil. Needs full sun
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE for their foliage and overall appearance. humidity—higher than for most cacti. and moderately fertile, very well-drained
May have tiny, yellow flowers in summer. Give only occasional, very light watering soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
Genus of deciduous shrubs grown for their Frost tender. In frost-prone areas, grow in winter. Propagate by seed or stem softwood cuttings in summer.
willowy, dark green or silky gray stems in a temperate or warm greenhouse, or cuttings in spring or summer. R. hosmariense, syn. Chrysanthemum
and pealike, white or yellow flowers. Frost as houseplants. In frost-free areas, grow R. capilliformis. See R. teres. hosmariense, Pyrethropsis hosmariense,
hardy. Needs full sun, sharply drained soil, use in a shady border. Needs partial shade R. cereuscula (Coral cactus) illus. p.483. illus. p.332.
and a sheltered site against a south- or and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Water R. clavata. See R. gaertneri.
west-facing wall. Propagate from seed in containerized specimens freely when R. crispata. Bushy, then pendent, RHODIOLA R
a cold frame or under glass or by semiripe growing, moderately at other times. perennial cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite.
cuttings in summer. Propagate by seed, suckers, or division in Has leaflike, elliptic to oblong, pale green CRASSULACEAE
R. monosperma, syn. Genista spring. Susceptible to red spider mite. stem segments, to 5in (12cm) long, with
monosperma. Deciduous, almost leafless, R. excelsa, syn. R. flabelliformis (Bamboo undulating edges that bear short, funnel- Genus of perennials, some dioecious, with
graceful, arching shrub. H to 12ft (4m), palm, Slender lady palm), illus. p.458. shaped, cream or pale yellow flowers, to thick, fleshy rhizomes producing scaly,
S 5ft (1.5m). Slender, silky-gray shoots R. flabelliformis. See R. excelsa. 1∕2in (1cm) across, with recurved tips, in brown basal leaves and stiffly erect stems
bear clusters of small, very fragrant, white winter–spring. Flowers are followed by that bear triangular-ovate to lance-shaped,
flowers in early spring. Has a few linear Rhazya orientalis. See Amsonia white, sometimes red-flushed, berries. fleshy, gray-green leaves. Star-shaped
leaves, which soon fall. Grow against a orientalis. Z11–12 (min. 45–54°F/7–12°C) flowers have prominent stamens, and may
south- or west-facing wall. Z9–11 R. floccosa var. tucumanensis illus. be unisexual or bisexual. Good for a rock
RHEUM p.493. garden or the front of a border. Fully
Reynoutria. See Fallopia. R. gaertneri, syn. R. clavata, Hatiora hardy. Grow in full sun and moderately
Rhubarb clavata. Pendent, perennial, epiphytic fertile soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
RHAMNUS cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has fall, divide rhizomes in spring or early
POLYGONACEAE multi-branched, cylindrical, dark green summer or take leaf cuttings in summer.
Buckthorn stems that widen toward tips. Profuse, R. heterodonta, syn. Sedum
Genus of rhizomatous, often tough or terminal, bell-shaped, white flowers, 5⁄8in heterodontum, S. rosea var. heterodontum,
RHAMNACEAE woody, perennials, grown for their foliage (1.5cm) across, are produced in late winter illus. p.268.
and overall appearance. Includes the and early spring on plants over 1ft (30cm) R. rosea, syn. Sedum rosea (Roseroot).
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, edible rhubarb and various ornamental high. Z11–12 (min. 45–54°F/7–12°C) Clump-forming perennial. H 2–12in
usually thorny, shrubs and trees, with plants. Some species are extremely large R. paradoxa (Chain cactus). Bushy, (5–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Stems are clothed
inconspicuous flowers, grown mainly for and require plenty of space. Fully hardy. then pendent, perennial cactus. H 3ft with ovate to inversely lance-shaped,
their foliage and fruits. Fully to frost hardy. Prefers sun or partial shade and deep, (1m), S indefinite. Triangular, green stems toothed, fleshy, glaucous leaves. In late
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by have segments alternately set at different spring or early summer, pink buds on
soil. Propagate deciduous species by seed division in spring or by seed in fall angles. Short, funnel-shaped, white dense, terminal heads open to small, star-
in fall, evergreen species by semiripe tLeaves may cause severe discomfort flowers, 3∕4in (2cm) across, with recurved shaped, greenish-, yellowish- or purplish-
cuttings in summer. tAll parts may cause if ingested. tips, in winter–spring are followed by red white flowers. Z4–8
severe discomfort if ingested. R. ‘Ace of Hearts’, syn. R. ‘Ace of berries. Z11–12 (min. 45–54°F/7–12°C)
R. alaternus (Italian buckthorn). Spades’. Clump-forming perennial. H to R. salicornioides. See Hatiora Rhodocactus grandifolius. See
‘Argenteovariegata’ is an evergreen, 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm). Has elongated, salicornioides. Pereskia grandifolia.
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has heart-shaped, dark green leaves, to 14in R. teres, syn. R. capilliformis. Pendent,
ovate, leathery, glossy, gray-green leaves (35cm) long, red-veined above, purple- perennial cactus. H 16in (40cm) or more, RHODOCHITON 681
margined creamy-white. Tiny, yellowish- veined beneath. Bears long panicles of S 1ft (30cm). Has freely branching,
green flowers are produced from early to numerous, tiny, star-shaped, very pale cylindrical, pale green stems. In winter– PLANTAGINACEAE
midsummer and followed by spherical red, pink to white flowers in mid- to late spring, produces short, funnel-shaped,
then black fruits. H5 summer. Z4–9 white flowers, to 1∕2in (1cm) across, with Genus of deciduous, perennial climbers,
R. imeretina. Deciduous, spreading, open R. ‘Ace of Spades’. See R. ‘Ace of Hearts’. recurved tips, followed by white berries. grown for their unusual flowers, which
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Stout shoots R. nobile. Clump-forming perennial. Z11–12 (min. 45–54°F/7–12°C) have pendent, long-tubed corollas, with
bear large, broadly oblong, prominently H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are R. warmingiana. See Lepismium 5 rounded segments, and inflated calyces.
veined, dark green leaves that turn bronze- oblong to ovate, leathery, basal, mid- warmingianum. Best when grown as an annual. May be
purple in fall. Small, green flowers are green, 2ft (60cm) long. In late summer, planted against fences and trellises or used
produced in summer. Z6–8 produces long stems and conical spikes RHODANTHE as groundcover. Frost tender. Grow in sun
of large, overlapping, pale cream bracts and in any well-drained soil. Propagate by
RHAPHIOLEPIS that hide insignificant green flowers. Z6–9 syn. ACROCLInIUM seed in early spring.
R. palmatum. Clump-forming perennial. Strawflower R. atrosanguineus, syn. R. volubilis,
ROSACEAE H to 8ft (2.5m), S to 6ft (1.8m). Has 2–21∕2ft illus. p.203.
(60–75cm) long, rounded, 5-lobed, mid- ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE R. volubilis. See R. atrosanguineus.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, grown green leaves. In early summer, bears broad
for their foliage and fragrant, apple- Genus of drought-tolerant subshrubs,
blossomlike flowers. Frost hardy to half annuals, and perennials grown for their
hardy. In most areas does best against a
RHODODENDRON
RHODODENDRON clusters of bell-shaped flowers in colors In early summer, produces bold, open (6m). Bears conical trusses of bell-shaped,
ranging from red (most tender form) funnel-shaped, 2-tone lavender-purple magenta-purple flowers, marked blackish-
Azalea, rhododendron through pink to white. Z4–8 flowers, with frilled petal margins. Z6–8 red within, in late spring. Excellent for sun
R. calendulaceum (Flame azalea). or shade. Z6–8
ERICACEAE R. argyrophyllum. Evergreen, spreading Deciduous, bushy azalea. H and S 6–10ft R. dauricum. Deciduous, upright
rhododendron. H and S to 15ft (5m). (2–3m). In early summer, bears funnel- rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).
Large genus of over 1,000 species of Oblong leaves are silvery-white on shaped, scarlet or orange flowers in Bears funnel-shaped, vivid purple flowers
evergreen, semievergreen, or deciduous undersides. Loose trusses of bell-shaped, trusses of 5–7. Z6–8 in loose clusters throughout winter. Green
shrubs, ranging in habit from dwarf to rich pink flowers, sometimes with deeper R. calophytum. Evergreen, widely leaves turn purple-brown in frosty
treelike, and grown mainly for their colored spots, are borne in spring. Ideal branched rhododendron. H and S to 20ft conditions, before falling in fall. Z6–8
spectacular, sometimes strongly scented for a light woodland. Z5–9 (6m). Produces large, lance-shaped leaves R. davidsonianum. Deciduous, upright
flowers. Fully hardy to frost tender. Most R. arizelum, syn. R. rex subsp. arizelum. and, in early spring, large trusses of bell- rhododendron. H 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
prefer dappled shade, but a considerable Evergreen, bushy rhododendron. H and shaped, white or pale pink flowers, with Aromatic leaves are lance-shaped to
number tolerate full sun, especially in cool S 25ft (8m). Has deep green obovate leaves crimson spots. Z5–9 oblong. In late spring, bears clusters of
climates. Need neutral to acidic soil— with cinnamon undersides. Flowers are R. calostrotum. Evergreen, compact funnel-shaped flowers, ranging from pale
ideally, humus-rich and well-drained. usually yellow, sometimes pink, rarely rhododendron. H and to 3ft (1m). Has pink to mid-lilac-mauve. Z5–9
Shallow planting is essential, as plants white, with crimson-marked throats. Z5–8 small blue-green leaves and, in late spring, R. ‘Daviesii’ (illus. p.125). Deciduous,
are surface-rooting. Deadhead spent R. ‘Ascot Brilliant’. Evergreen, bushy bears saucer-shaped, purple or scarlet upright azalea. H and S 6ft (2m). Fragrant,
flowers, wherever practical, to encourage rhododendron. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves flowers in clusters of 2–5. Z6–8 funnel-shaped, white flowers, each with a
energy into growth rather than seed are broadly ovate. In spring, produces R. ‘Catawbiense Album’. Evergreen, yellow flare, are borne in spring. Z6–8
production. Propagate by layering or loose trusses of funnel-shaped, waxy, rose- rounded rhododendron. H and S to 10ft R. decorum (illus. p.124). Evergreen,
semiripe cuttings in late summer. red blooms with darker edges. Z5–9 (3m). Bears glossy leaves and, in early bushy rhododendron. H and S 12ft
Yellowing leaves are usually caused by R. augustinii (illus. p.125). Evergreen, summer, dense, rounded trusses of bell- (4m). Oblong to lance-shaped leaves
poor drainage, excessively deep planting, bushy rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). shaped, white flowers. Z4–8 are mid-green above, paler beneath.
or lime in soil. Weevils and powdery Has small, lance-shaped to oblong, light R. ‘Catawbiense Boursault’. Large, fragrant, funnel-shaped, white
mildew may also cause problems. tThe green leaves and, in spring, bears an Evergreen, rounded rhododendron. H and or shell-pink flowers, green- or pink-
nectar of some rhododendron flowers abundance of multi-stemmed, widely S to 10ft (3m). Has glossy leaves. Bears spotted within, are produced in early
may cause severe discomfort if ingested. funnel-shaped, pale to deep blue or dense, rounded trusses of bell-shaped, summer. Z6–8
See also feature panel pp.124–25. lavender flowers. Z6–10 lilac-purple blooms in early summer. Z4–8 R. degronianum subsp. heptamerum,
Rhododendrons and azaleas R. auriculatum. Evergreen, bushy, widely R. ‘Cilpinense’. Semievergreen, compact syn. R. metternichii. Evergreen, upright
The genus Rhododendron includes not branching rhododendron. H and S to 20ft rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
only evergreen, large-leaved and (6m). Has large, oblong, hairy leaves with Leaves are dark green and glossy. Bears Has oblong leaves, glossy and green
frequently large-flowered species and distinct, earlike lobes at their base. In late abundant, large, bell-shaped, blush-pink above, reddish-brown-felted beneath.
hybrids, but also dwarf, smaller-leaved summer, bears loose trusses of 7–15 large, flowers, flushed deeper in bud, in early In spring, bears rounded trusses of
shrubs, both evergreen and deciduous, heavily scented, tubular to funnel-shaped, spring. Flowers are vulnerable to frost 10–15 bell-shaped, rose-red flowers,
with few-flowered clusters of usually white flowers. Best in light woodland. Z5–9 damage. Z5–9 often subtly spotted within. Z6–8
small blooms. “Azalea” is the common R. ‘Azor’. Evergreen, upright R. cinnabarinum (illus. p.125). R. discolor. See R. fortunei subsp.
name given to the deciduous species and rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). Leaves Evergreen, upright rhododendron. H and discolor.
hybrids, as well as to a group of compact, are broadly ovate. Especially valuable as it 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Has blue-green leaves with R. ‘Doncaster’. Evergreen, compact
evergreen shrubs derived mainly from produces large, fragrant, funnel-shaped, small scales. Narrowly tubular, waxy, red, rhododendron. H and S 6–8ft (2–2.5m).
salmon-pink flowers in midsummer. Z5–9 sometimes yellow, orange, apricot-pink Has leathery, glossy leaves and, in late
R Japanese species. They are valued for R. ‘Azuma-kagami’. Evergreen, compact or reddish purple flowers are borne in spring, produces dense trusses of funnel-
their abundant, small, colorful blooms azalea. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears many loose, pendent trusses in late spring. Z5–9. shaped, dark red flowers. Z6–8
produced in late spring. Many of the small, hose-in-hose, deep pink flowers in subsp. xanthocodon (syn. R. R. ‘Dopey’. Evergreen, compact
evergreen azaleas (sometimes known mid-spring. Best in partial shade. Z5–9 xanthocodon) is of open, upright habit rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
as Belgian azaleas) may also be grown as R. barbatum. Evergreen, upright and has aromatic, mid-green leaves, which In spring, bears rounded trusses of
house plants. Botanically, however, all are rhododendron. H and S to 30ft (10m). Bears are blue-green when young. Bears bell- bell-shaped, flame-orange flowers. Z5–9
classified as Rhododendron. The flowers lance-shaped, dark green leaves covered shaped, yellow flowers in late spring. R. ‘Dora Amateis’. Evergreen, compact
are usually single, but may be semidouble with bristles, on stems; bark is plum- R. ‘Coccineum Speciosum’. Deciduous, rhododendron. H and S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
or double, including hose-in-hose (one colored and peeling. Bears tight trusses of bushy azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). are slender, glossy and pointed. Abundant,
flower tube inside the other). Unless tubular to bell-shaped, bright scarlet Produces open funnel-shaped, brilliant broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers,
otherwise stated below, flowers are single flowers in early spring. Z5–9 rich orange-red blooms in early summer. tinged pink and marked with green, are
and leaves mid- to dark green and ovate. R. ‘Beauty of Littleworth’. Evergreen, Broadly lance-shaped leaves provide good produced in late spring. Sun tolerant. Z6–8
open, shrubby rhododendron. H and S 12ft fall color. Z6–8 R. ‘Elizabeth’. Evergreen, dome-shaped
682 R. aberconwayi. Evergreen, distinctly (4m). In late spring, bears large, conical R. ‘Corneille’. Deciduous, bushy azalea. rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).
erect rhododendron. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft trusses of scented, funnel-shaped, H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). In early summer, Leaves are oblong. Produces trusses of
(1.2m). Has small, broadly lance-shaped, crimson-spotted, white flowers. Z8–9 produces fragrant, hose-in-hose flowers, large, trumpet-shaped, brilliant red
rigid, deep green leaves. Bears saucer- R. ‘Beefeater’. Evergreen, bushy pale pink with a darker pink outside. Has flowers in late spring. Good in sun or
shaped, white flowers in late spring. Z5–9 rhododendron. H and S to 8ft (2.5m). colorful fall foliage. Z6–8 partial shade. Z6–8
R. albrechtii. Deciduous, upright, bushy Leaves are broadly lance-shaped. Produces R. ‘Crest’, syn. R. ‘Hawk Crest’. R. ‘Elizabeth Lockhart’. Evergreen,
azalea. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has striking, flat-topped trusses of bell-shaped, Evergreen rhododendron of open habit. dome-shaped rhododendron. H and S 2ft
spoon-shaped leaves, clustered at branch scarlet flowers in late spring and early H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Has broadly lance- (60cm). Produces shiny, purple-green
tips, and, in spring, bears loose clusters of summer. Z5–9 shaped leaves. Bell-shaped flowers are leaves that become darker in winter. Bell-
3–5 bell-shaped, green-spotted, purple or R. ‘Blaauw’s Pink’ (illus. p.125). borne in loose, flat-topped trusses, and are shaped, cherry red flowers are borne in
pink flowers. Z6–8 Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 5ft apricot in bud, opening to clear sulphur- spring. Z6–8
R. ‘Alison Johnstone’. Evergreen, (1.5m). In late spring, bears abundant, yellow in late spring. Z5–9 R. ‘English Roseum’. Evergreen,
bushy, compact rhododendron. H and S 6ft hose-in-hose, salmon-pink flowers, with R. ‘Cunningham’s White’. Evergreen, vigorous, bushy rhododendron. H and S
(2m). Produces an abundance of exquisite, a paler blush. Z8–10 compact rhododendron. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft to 8ft (2.5m). Dark green leaves are paler
bell-shaped, peach-pink flowers in spring R. ‘Blue Danube’ (illus. p.125). (2m). In spring, has open trusses of funnel- beneath. Bears compact trusses of
and has waxy, gray-green leaves. Z7–9 Evergreen, upright azalea. H 6ft (2m), shaped, pale lilac flowers, which fade to funnel-shaped, lilac-rose flowers in
R. ‘Angelo’. Evergreen, bushy S 5ft (1.5m). Produces bell-shaped, vivid white, speckled with purple and yellow. Z6–8 late spring. Z4–8
rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). violet-blue flowers in spring. Z9–11 R. ‘Curlew’ (illus. p.125). Evergreen R. ‘Fabia’. Evergreen, dome-shaped
Has bold foliage and large, fragrant, R. ‘Blue Diamond’. Evergreen, upright rhododendron of compact, spreading rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are
funnel-shaped, pinkish-white flowers in rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Small, habit. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has dull green mid-green and lance-shaped. Produces
midsummer. Good in light woodland. Z7–9 neat leaves contrast with funnel-shaped, leaves and, in late spring, produces loose, flat trusses of funnel-shaped,
bright purplish-blue flowers borne in relatively large, open funnel-shaped, orange-tinted, scarlet flowers in early
R. arboreum (illus. p.125). Evergreen, mid- to late spring. Prefers full sun. Z6–8 bright yellow flowers. Z5–9 summer. Z7–9
treelike rhododendron. H to 40ft (12m), R. ‘Blue Peter’ (illus. p.125). Evergreen, R. ‘Cynthia’. Vigorous, evergreen, dome- R. falconeri (illus. p.124). Multi-stemmed,
S 10ft (3m). Undersides of broadly lance- bushy rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). shaped rhododendron. H and S to 20ft evergreen rhododendron. H to 40ft (12m),
shaped leaves are silver, fawn, or
cinnamon. In spring, produces dense
RHODODENDRON
S 15ft (5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark bright golden-yellow flowers, delicately R. ‘Jalisco Eclipse’. Evergreen, open, (1.5m). Has broadly elliptic, dark green R
and broadly elliptic to ovate, dark green spotted ruby-red inside, are borne in bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5– leaves, bristly above, scaly and yellowish-
leaves, brown-felted beneath. In mid- succession in mid-spring. Z5–9 4m). Bears trusses of funnel-shaped, green beneath. In early spring, bears 683
spring, produces trusses of widely bell- R. ‘Gomer Waterer’ (illus. p.124). primrose-yellow flowers, with a deep saucer-shaped, white flowers, with
shaped, fleshy, creamy-white or yellow Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and crimson blotch, in early summer. Z6–9 chocolate-brown anthers. Z6–9
flowers, sometimes pink-tinged, often with S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Leaves are curved back R. ‘Jeanette’. Semievergreen, upright R. ‘Loderi King George’ (illus. p.124).
purple marks inside. Z6–9 at margins. Bell- to funnel-shaped flowers, azalea. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Bears Large, evergreen rhododendron of open
R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’ borne in dense trusses in early summer, funnel-shaped, vivid phlox-pink, dark habit. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large leaves.
(illus. p.125). Evergreen, dome-shaped are white, flushed mauve, each with a blotched flowers, in spring. Good in light In late spring and early summer, pale
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). basal, mustard blotch. Likes sun or partial shade or full sun. Z5–9 pink buds open to very large trusses of
In early summer, bears loose trusses shade. Z6–8 R. ‘John Cairns’. Evergreen, upright, fragrant, funnel-shaped, pure white
of funnel-shaped, double, rich mauve R. ‘Grace Seabrook’ (illus. p.125). compact azalea. H and 5–6ft (1.5–2m). flowers, with subtle green marks in the
flowers, with red-brown marks and wavy Evergreen, upright rhododendron. H and Produces abundant funnel-shaped, deep throats. Z5–9
margins. Z6–8 S 6ft (2m). Leaves are pointed. In spring, orange-red flowers in spring. Grows R. lutescens. Semievergreen, upright
R. fictolacteum. See R. rex subsp. bears funnel-shaped, deep red flowers, reliably in sun or partial shade. Z5–9 rhododendron. H and 5–10ft (1.5–3m).
fictolacteum. which are paler toward the margins. Z5–9 R. kaempferi. Semievergreen, erect, Has ovate to lance-shaped leaves that are
R. ‘Fireball’. Evergreen, compact R. griffithianum. Evergreen, upright loosely branched azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5– bronze-red when young. In early spring,
rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces rhododendron with peeling, red bark. 2.5m). Leaves are ovate to lance-shaped bears funnel-shaped, primrose-yellow
rounded trusses of bell-shaped, vivid H to 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m). Bears loose in spring, smaller and elliptic-obovate in flowers. Effective in a light woodland. Z5–9
scarlet flowers in early spring. Z6–8 trusses of fragrant, widely bell-shaped, summer. Produces an abundance of R. luteum (illus. p.125). Open deciduous
R. fortunei subsp. discolor, syn. white or pale pink flowers in spring. funnel-shaped flowers in orange or red azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Leaves are
R. discolor. Evergreen, treelike Has large, elliptic, glabrous leaves. Z6–9 in late spring and early summer. Z5–9 oblong to lance-shaped. Bears very
rhododendron. H and S to 25ft (8m). Leaves R. groenlandicum, syn. Ledum R. ‘Kilimanjaro’. Evergreen, bushy fragrant, funnel-shaped, bold yellow
are oblong to ovate. Bears fragrant, groenlandicum (Labrador Tea), illus. p.145. rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). blooms in spring. Autumn foliage is rich
broadly funnel-shaped, pink flowers in R. ‘Hatsugiri’. Evergreen, compact Bears broadly lance-shaped leaves. Bears and colorful. Z6–8
midsummer. Ideal in a light woodland. Z5–9 azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Bears small, large, rounded trusses of funnel- to bell- R. macabeanum. Evergreen, treelike
R. ‘Fragrantissimum’ (illus. p.124). Lax, but very numerous, funnel-shaped, bright shaped, wavy-edged, deep red flowers, rhododendron. H and S up to 45ft (13.5m).
evergreen rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). crimson-purple flowers in spring. Flowers spotted crimson within, in late spring and Has large, broadly ovate leaves, dark
Nutmeg-scented, broadly funnel-shaped, very reliably. Z5–9 early summer. Z5–9 green above, gray-felted beneath. In early
sometimes pink-flushed, white flowers, R. ‘Hawk Crest’. See R. ‘Crest’. R. ‘Kirin’. Evergreen, compact azalea. spring, produces large trusses of bell-
with yellow throats, are borne in mid- R. ‘Hinode-giri’. Evergreen, compact H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring, bears shaped, yellow flowers, marked purple
spring. Leaves are hairy. Z9–11 azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Funnel-shaped, numerous hose-in-hose flowers that are within. Z8–9
R. ‘Freya’ (illus. p.125). Deciduous azalea bright crimson flowers are small, but deep rose, shaded a delicate silvery-rose. R. mallotum. Evergreen, upright, open
of compact, shrubby habit. H and S 5ft produced in abundance in late spring. Looks best in light shade. Z5–9 rhododendron, occasionally treelike. H and
(1.5m). Fragrant, funnel-shaped, double, Likes sun or light shade. Z5–9 R. kiusianum. Semievergreen azalea S to 12ft (4m). Obovate to ovate leaves are
pink-flushed, orange-salmon flowers are R. ‘Hinomayo’. Evergreen, compact of compact habit. H and S to 2ft (60cm). deep green above, red-brown-felted
borne from late spring to early summer. Z6–8 azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Small, funnel- Leaves are narrowly ovate. Produces beneath. Showy, bell-shaped, crimson
R. ‘Frome’. Deciduous azalea of shrubby shaped, clear pink flowers are produced clusters of 2–5 funnel-shaped flowers, flowers in loose trusses are borne in early
habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring, bears in great abundance in spring. Likes sun usually lilac-rose or mauve-purple, in late spring. Z5–9
trumpet-shaped, saffron-yellow flowers, or light shade. Z5–9 spring. Prefers full sun. Z5–9 R. ‘May Day’. Evergreen, spreading
overlaid red in throats; petals are frilled R. hippophaeoides. Evergreen, erect R. ‘Lady Alice Fitzwilliam’. Evergreen rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).
and wavy-margined. Z6–8 rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). rhododendron of open habit. H and Leaves are fresh green above, whitish-
R. fulvum (illus. p.125). Evergreen, bushy Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic leaves S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Leaves are glossy, dark felted beneath. Produces numerous loose
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). are gray-green. Bears small, funnel- green. In mid- to late spring, bears loose trusses of long-lasting, funnel-shaped,
Oblong to ovate, polished, deep green shaped, lavender or lilac flowers in spring. trusses of nutmeg-scented, broadly funnel- scarlet flowers in late spring; petallike
leaves are brown-felted beneath. In early Tolerates wet, but not stagnant, soil. Z6–8 shaped, pink flowers, maturing to white, calyces match the flower color. Z5–9
spring, bears loose trusses of bell-shaped, R. ‘Homebush’. Deciduous, compact with yellow-marked throats. Grow against R. ‘Medway’. Deciduous, bushy, open
red-blotched, pink flowers, which fade to azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring, a south-or west-facing wall. Z9–11 azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). In late
white. Z5–9 bears tight, rounded heads of trumpet- R. ‘Lady Clementine Mitford’. spring, bears large, trumpet-shaped, pale
R. ‘George Reynolds’. Deciduous, bushy shaped, semidouble, rose-purple flowers Evergreen, rounded, dense rhododendron. pink flowers with darker margins and
azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Large, funnel- with paler shading. Z6–8 H and S 12ft (4m). Has broadly ovate, glossy, orange-flashed throats; petal margins
shaped, yellow flowers, flushed pink in R. ‘Hotei’ (illus. p.125). Evergreen, dark green leaves. In late spring and early are frilled. Z6–8
bud, are borne with or before the leaves rhododendron of neat, compact habit. summer, bears compact trusses of funnel- R. metternichii. See R. degronianum
in spring. Z6–8 H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Large, funnel- shaped flowers, peach-pink fading to subsp. heptamerum.
R. ‘Gibraltar’ (illus. p.125). Deciduous, shaped, deep yellow flowers are freely white in the center, with V-shaped, pink, R. ‘Moonshine Crescent’. Evergreen,
bushy azalea. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). In produced in late spring. Z6–9 green, and brown marks within. Z6–8 rounded to upright rhododendron.
spring, produces tubular, flame-red flowers, R. ‘Humming Bird’. Evergreen, dome- R. ‘Lady Rosebery’. Evergreen, stiffly H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 6ft (2m). In late
which are deep orange in bud. Z6–8 shaped rhododendron of neat, compact branched rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft spring, produces compact trusses of
R. ‘Gloria Mundi’. Deciduous, twiggy habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). From mid- to (1.5–4m). In late spring, bears clusters of bell- to funnel-shaped, primrose yellow
azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Produces late spring, produces bell-shaped, rose- pendulous, narrowly bell-shaped, waxy, flowers. Leaves are oblong to ovate and
fragrant, honeysucklelike, yellow-flared, pink flowers in loose, nodding trusses, deep pink flowers, which are paler toward dark green. Z6–8
orange flowers, with frilled margins, in above rounded, glossy leaves. Z5–9 petal margins. Ideal for woodland R. ‘Mother’s Day’ (illus. p.125).
early summer. Z6–8 R. ‘Hydon Hunter’. Evergreen margins. Z6–9 Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 3ft
R. ‘Glory of Littleworth’. Evergreen or rhododendron of neat habit. H and S to 5ft R. laetum. Erect, evergreen rhododendron. (1m). Produces funnel-shaped, bright red
semievergreen, bushy hybrid between a (1.5m). In late spring or early summer, H and S 5ft (1.5m). Elliptic to broadly flowers in spring. Z6–9
rhododendron and an azalea. H and S 5ft bears abundant, large, narrowly bell- elliptic, glossy, dark green leaves have tiny, R. moupinense. Evergreen, rounded,
(1.5m). Compact trusses of fragrant, bell- shaped, red-rimmed flowers, paler toward white scales beneath. In spring, red flower compact rhododendron. H and S to 5ft
shaped, orange-marked, creamy-white the center and orange-spotted within. Z5–9 stalks bear funnel-shaped, golden-yellow (1.5m). Produces funnel-shaped, pink to
flowers are borne abundantly in late R. impeditum. Slow-growing, compact, flowers, later suffused orange-red. Z10–11 white blooms in loose trusses in late
spring and early summer. Not easy to evergreen rhododendron. H and S to 2ft (min. 41°F/5°C) winter and early spring. The small, ovate
cultivate. Z5–9 (60cm). Aromatic leaves are gray-green. R. ‘Lem’s Cameo’. Evergreen, rounded, to elliptic leaves are glossy, dark green
R. ‘Gold Crown’. See R. ‘Goldkrone’. Funnel-shaped, purplish-blue flowers are bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–8ft (1.5– above, paler beneath. Best grown in a
R. ‘Golden Torch’ (illus. p.124). borne in spring. Ideal in a rock garden. Z6–8 2.5m). Leaves are rounded. In spring, sheltered site to reduce risk of frost-
Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and R. ‘Irohayama’. Evergreen, compact bears large-domed trusses of open funnel- damaged flowers. Z5–9
S 3ft (1m). In spring, bears bell-shaped, azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Produces shaped, pale peach flowers, deep pink in R. ‘Mrs. G.W. Leak’. Evergreen, upright,
pink-budded, pale yellow flowers. Z5–9 abundant, small, funnel-shaped, white bud, shaded to pink at margins, with basal, compact rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m).
R. ‘Goldkrone’, syn. R. ‘Gold Crown’ flowers, with pale lavender margins and deep rose-colored blotches. Z5–9 In late spring, bears compact, conical
(illus. p.125). Compact, evergreen shrub. faint brown eyes, in spring. Does well in R. leucaspis. Densely branched, trusses of funnel-shaped, pink flowers,
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Funnel- to bell-shaped, light shade. Z5–9 evergreen rhododendron. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft
RHODODENDRON
R with black-brown and crimson marks R. pachysanthum (illus. p.124). Evergreen, R. racemosum. Evergreen, upright, R. souliei. Evergreen, open rhododendron.
within. Z6–8 compact, rounded rhododendron. H and stiffly branched rhododendron. H and S H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Has rounded
684 R. multiflorum var. purpureum, S 6ft (2m). New shoots and oblong to 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters of widely leaves and, in late spring, saucer-shaped,
syn. Menziesia ciliicalyx var. purpurea leaves,with pointed tips, are covered in funnel-shaped, bright pink flowers along soft pink flowers. Grows best in areas of
(illus. p.125). Deciduous, bushy shrub with silvery or brownish felt. Bears trusses the stems in spring. Small, aromatic, low rainfall. Z6–8
obovate to ovate, bright green leaves and of open bell-shaped, white to pale pink broadly ovate leaves are dull green above, R. ‘Spek’s Orange’. Deciduous, bushy
umbels of nodding, urn-shaped, purple- flowers, sometimes with purple flecks, gray-green below. Z6–8 azalea. H and S to 8ft (2.5m). In late spring,
pink flowers in late spring and early in mid- to late spring. Z5–9 R. rex. Vigorous, evergreen, upright bears bold trusses of large, scented,
summer. Z6–8 R. ‘Palestrina’ (illus. p.124). Evergreen, shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and slender-tubed, bright reddish-orange
R. nakaharae. Evergreen, prostrate, compact, free-flowering azalea. H and S to S 12ft (4m) or more. Leaves are pale buff- flowers, with greenish marks within. Z6–8
compact azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Shoots 4ft (1.2m). Bears large, open funnel- felted beneath. Pink or white flowers have R. ‘Strawberry Ice’. Deciduous, bushy
and oblong to ovate leaves are densely shaped, white flowers, with faint, green a crimson blotch and a spotted throat. azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). In late
hairy. Funnel-shaped, dark brick-red marks, in late spring. Grows well in light Z5–9. subsp. arizelum see R. arizelum. spring, deep pink buds open into trumpet-
flowers are borne in small clusters. shade. Z5–9 subsp. fictolacteum (syn. R. shaped, flesh-pink flowers, with deep
Valuable for midsummer flowering. R. ‘Patty Bee’ (illus. p.125). Evergreen, fictolacteum; illus. p.124), H to 45ft (13.5m), yellow-marked throats and mottled deeper
Ideal for a rock garden. Z5–9 compact rhododendron. H and S 3ft (1m). has large leaves, green above, brown- pink petal margins. Z6–8
R. ‘Nancy Waterer’. Deciduous, twiggy Produces trusses of funnel-shaped, lemon- felted beneath. In spring, bears trusses of R. ‘Surprise’. Evergreen, dense azalea.
azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Has large, colored flowers in spring. Z5–9 bell-shaped, white flowers with a maroon H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Bears abundant,
long-tubed and honeysucklelike, brilliant R. ‘Percy Wiseman’ illus. p.122. blotch and often a black, spotted throat. small, funnel-shaped, light orange-red
golden-yellow flowers in early summer. R. ‘Peter John Mezitt’, syn. R. ‘P.J. R. ‘Romany Chai’. Vigorous, evergreen flowers in mid-spring. Looks effective
Ideal in a light woodland or full sun. Z6–8 Mezitt’. Evergreen, compact rhododendron. rhododendron, open in habit when young, when mass planted and is best positioned
R. ‘Narcissiflorum’ (illus. p.124). H and S up to 5ft (1.5m). Aromatic leaves becoming denser with age. H and S 5–12ft in light shade or full sun. Z5–9
Vigorous, deciduous, compact azalea. are small, dark green in summer, bronze- (1.5–4m). Has dark green, bronze-tinged R. ‘Susan’. Close-growing, evergreen
H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Sweetly scented, purple in winter. Bears frost-resistant, foliage. In early summer, produces large, rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
hose-in-hose, pale yellow flowers, darker funnel-shaped, lavender-pink flowers in compact trusses of broadly funnel-shaped, Foliage is glossy, dark green. In spring,
outside and in center, are borne in late early spring. Good in full sun. Z6–8 rich brown-red flowers, each with a basal, bears large trusses of open funnel-shaped
spring or early summer. Fall foliage is R. ‘Pink Pearl’ (illus. p.125). Vigorous, maroon blotch. Suits a light woodland. Z5–9 flowers in 2 shades of blue-mauve, spotted
bronze. Z6–8 evergreen, upright, open rhododendron. R. ‘Roseum Elegans’. Vigorous, purple within. Z6–8
R. niveum. Evergreen, shrubby H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Produces tall evergreen, rounded rhododendron. H and R. sutchuenense. Evergreen, spreading
rhododendron. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). trusses of open funnel-shaped, pink S 8ft (2.5m) or more. Foliage is bold and shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and S to
Narrowly obovate to lance-shaped, dark flowers in late spring. Z6–8 glossy, deep green. In early summer, bears 15ft (5m). Has large leaves and, in early
green leaves are white felted when young R. ‘P.J. Mezitt’. See R. ‘Peter John Mezitt’. rounded trusses of broadly funnel-shaped, spring, bears large trusses of broadly
and brown felted beneath when mature. R. ‘Polar Bear’. Vigorous, multi- reddish-purple flowers, with yellow-brown funnel-shaped, pink flowers, spotted deeper
Bell-shaped, smoky blue to rich purple stemmed, evergreen rhododendron. marks. Z4–8 within. Suitable for light woodland. Z5–9
flowers in compact, rounded heads are H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). In late summer, R. ‘Roza Stevenson’. Vigorous, R. ‘Temple Belle’. Evergreen
borne in spring. Z5–9 bears strongly scented, funnel-shaped, evergreen, upright rhododendron of open rhododendron of neat, compact habit.
R. Nobleanum Group. Evergreen, white flowers, with light brown-flecked, habit. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Produces H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Loose trusses of
upright shrubs or treelike rhododendrons. pale green throats. Z5–9 abundant, fine, loose trusses of saucer- bell-shaped, clear pink flowers are borne
H and S to 15ft (5m). Produces large, R. ‘Praecox’ (illus. p.125). Partially shaped, lemon flowers in mid- to late in spring. Rounded leaves are mid-green
compact trusses of broadly funnel-shaped, deciduous, compact rhododendron. H 5ft spring. Excellent in light shade. Z5–9 above, gray-green beneath. Z5–9
rose-red, pink or white flowers in winter (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Funnel-shaped, rose- R. rubiginosum. Vigorous, evergreen, R. thomsonii. Evergreen, rounded
or early spring. Will flower for long purple flowers are borne in small clusters upright, well-branched rhododendron. rhododendron of open habit. H and S to
periods in mild weather; best in a of 2 or 3, at the ends of the shoots in late H 20ft (6m), S 8ft (2.5m). Aromatic leaves 5.5m (18ft). Leaves are waxy, dark green
sheltered position. Z6–8 winter and early spring. Elliptic leaves are are lance-shaped, dull green above, above, whiter beneath. Peeling, fawn-
R. ‘Norma’. Vigorous, deciduous, aromatic when bruised. Z6–8 reddish-brown beneath. Produces funnel- colored bark contrasts well with bell-
compact azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). R. ‘Ptarmigan’. Evergreen, spreading shaped, lilac-purple flowers in loose shaped, waxy, red flowers in spring. Z5–9
Bears abundant, hose-in-hose, rose-red rhododendron that forms a compact trusses in mid-spring. Z6–8 R. tsusiophyllum, syn. Tsusiophyllum
flowers, with a salmon glow, in spring. mound. H to 1ft (30cm), S 21∕2ft x (21∕2ft) or R. schlippenbachii. Deciduous, rounded, tanakae. Semievergreen, spreading shrub.
Grows well in sun or light shade. Z6–8 more. In early spring, produces funnel- open azalea. H and 8ft (2.5m). Spoon- H 6in (15cm) or more, S 10in (25cm).
R. ‘Nova Zembla’. Vigorous, evergreen, shaped, pure white flowers. Prefers a site shaped leaves are in whorls at branch Twiggy, branched stems bear tiny,
upright rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5– in full sun. Z6–8 ends. Bears loose trusses of 3–6 saucer- narrowly ovate, hairy leaves. In early
4m). Has funnel-shaped, dark red flowers R. ‘Purple Splendour’. Evergreen, shaped, pink flowers in mid-spring. Suits summer, produces small, tubular, white
in closely set trusses from late spring to bushy azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In late a light woodland. Z6–8 or pinkish-white flowers at stem tips.
early summer. Z5–9 spring or early summer, bears trusses of R. ‘Seta’ (illus. p.124). Evergreen, erect Z8–10
R. occidentale. Bushy, deciduous, azalea. funnel-shaped, wavy edged, rich purple- rhododendron. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). R. veitchianum. Evergreen
H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Glossy, elliptic to blue flowers, with maroon markings in In early spring, bears loose trusses of rhododendron. H 5ft (1.5m), S to3ft (1m).
lance-shaped leaves turn yellow or orange the throat. Z6–8 tubular, vivid pink-and-white-striped Has purple-brown young shoots and
in fall. Bears fragrant, funnel-shaped, R. ‘Queen Elizabeth II’. Evergreen, flowers, fading to white at bases. Z5–9 oblong to elliptic, leathery, sparsely scaly,
white or pale pink flowers, each with a bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft R. ‘Seven Stars’. Vigorous, evergreen, mid- to dark green leaves. In mid- and late
basal, yellow-orange blotch, from early to (1.5–4m). Bears funnel-shaped, greenish- upright, dense rhododendron. H and spring, bears funnel-shaped, white to pale
midsummer. Z6–8 yellow flowers in loose trusses in late S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has yellowish-green leaves. pink flowers, with brownish or yellow-
R. ‘Olive’. Upright, evergreen spring. Narrowly ovate or lance-shaped In spring, bears abundant trusses of large, orange markings. Z9–11
rhododendron. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). leaves are glossy and mid-green above, bell-shaped, wavy-margined, white R. ‘Vuyk’s Scarlet’. Evergreen, compact
Small, ovate to elliptic, mid-green leaves paler beneath. Z5–9 flowers, flushed with apple-blossom pink, azalea. H and S to 2ft (60cm). In spring,
are paler green beneath. Bears funnel- R. ‘Queen of Hearts’. Evergreen, open pink in bud. Z5–9 bears an abundance of relatively large,
shaped, mauve-pink flowers, with darker rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). R. sinogrande (illus. p.124). Evergreen, open funnel-shaped, brilliant red flowers,
spots inside, in early spring. Z6–8 Produces numerous domed trusses of bushy rhododendron. H and S 30ft (10m). with wavy petals, which completely cover
R. orbiculare (illus. p.124). Evergreen funnel-shaped, deep crimson flowers, Very large, oblong to lance-shaped, glossy, the glossy foliage. Z6–8
rhododendron of compact habit. H and S to black-speckled within, in mid-spring. Z5–9 dark green leaves, are silver- to buff-felted R. wardii. Evergreen, compact
10ft (3m). Has rounded, matte, bright green R. quinquefolium (illus. p.124). beneath. In mid- and late spring, bears rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
leaves, and bears bell-shaped, rose-pink Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10–13ft (3–4m), widely bell-shaped, pale yellow to creamy- Leaves are rounded. In late spring, bears
flowers in loose trusses in late spring. Z5–9 S 3m. Has obovate to diamond-shaped, white flowers, marked crimson inside. Z8–10 loose trusses of saucer-shaped, clear
R. oreotrephes. Evergreen, upright mid-green leaves in whorls of 4 or 5 at R. ‘Snowdrift’. Deciduous, bushy azalea. yellow flowers, with crimson basal blotches.
shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and S to the ends of the shoots. Leaves have H and S to 8ft (2.5m). Produces trusses of Z5–9
15ft (5m). Has attractive, scaly, gray-green reddish edges when young and color well large, slender-tubed flowers in spring R. williamsianum (illus. p.124).
foliage. In spring, bears loose trusses of in fall. In mid- and late spring, bears small before leaves emerge. White flowers have Evergreen rhododendron of compact,
3–10 broadly funnel-shaped flowers, clusters of pendent, saucer-shaped, green- yellow-green marks that deepen to spreading habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
usually mauve or purple, but variable, spotted, white flowers. Z5–9 orange. Z6–8 Young ovate–rounded leaves are
often with crimson spots. Z5–9
RHYNOCHOSTELE
bronze, maturing to mid-green. Has loosely in winter. Propagate by seed in spring or well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe yellow lip, up to 4 to a stem, mainly in
clustered, bell-shaped, pink flowers in by offsets in spring (summer-flowering cuttings in summer, by seed in fall or by spring. Provide good light in summer.
spring. Ideal for a small garden. Z5–9 species). root cuttings in winter. May be attacked Z11–12 (min. 13ºC/55ºF; max. 82ºF/28ºC)
R. ‘Woodcock’. Evergreen, compact, R. advena, syn. Hippeastrum advenum, by coral spot fungus. x R. Mount Adams gx, syn.
spreading rhododendron. H and S 5–8ft illus. p.410. R. aromatica. Deciduous, bushy shrub. x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx (illus.
(1.5–2.5m). Has semi-glossy, dark green H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Deep green leaves, p.466). Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
leaves and, in spring, produces abundant, RHODOTHAMNUS comprising 3-palmate, aromatic leaflets, an intermediate greenhouse. H 1ft (30cm),
loose trusses of funnel-shaped, rose-red turn orange or reddish-purple in fall. Tiny, S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Lavender-pink flowers, to
flowers. Z5–9 ERICACEAE yellow flowers are borne in mid-spring, 6in (15cm) across, each with a darker lip
R. xanthocodon. See R. cinnabarinum before leaves emerge, then spherical, red marked yellow and red, up to 4 per stem,
subsp. xanthocodon. Genus of evergreen, semiprostrate, open fruits. Z3–9 are borne intermittently. Ovate, stiff leaves
R. yakushimanum (illus. p.124). shrubs, grown for their profusion of R. cotinoides. See Cotinus obovatus. are 6in (15cm) long. Needs good light in
Evergreen, dome-shaped rhododendron of flowers, borne in early summer. Suitable R. cotinus. See Cotinus coggygria. summer. Z11–12 (min. 55ºF/13ºC; max.
neat, compact habit. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). for rock gardens and peat beds. Fully hardy. R. glabra (Smooth sumach) illus. p.140. 82ºF/28ºC)
Leaves are broadly ovate, silvery at first, Requires sun and humus-rich, well-drained, R. hirta. See R. typhina. ‘Laciniata’ see x R. St Helier gx, syn.
maturing to deepest green, and brown- acidic soil. Propagate by seed in spring or R. typhina ‘Dissecta’. x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx.
felted beneath. In late spring, bears open by semiripe cuttings in summer. R. potaninii. Deciduous, round-headed Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
funnel-shaped, pink flowers, green flecked R. chamaecistus illus. p.338. tree. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m). Has large, intermediate greenhouse. H and S 11⁄2ft
within, that fade to near white. Z5–9 dark green leaves, with usually 7–11 ovate (45cm). Has ovate, stiff leaves 6in (15cm)
R. ‘Yellow Hammer’ illus. p.126. RHODOTYPOS leaflets that turn red in fall. In summer, long. Pinkish-purple flowers, 6–7in (15–
R. yunnanense. Semievergreen, open produces pendent, pyramidal panicles of 18cm) across, each with a yellow-marked,
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). ROSACEAE tiny, creamy white flowers. Female flower rich red lip, 1–4 to a stem, are borne mainly
Has aromatic, gray-green leaves and bears clusters develop into tiny, spherical, black in spring. Needs good light in summer.
profuse, butterflylike, pale pink or white Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, or brownish fruits. Z3–9 Z11–12 (min. 55ºF/13ºC; max. 82ºF/28ºC)
flowers, with blotched throats, in spring. grown for its flowers. Fully hardy. Needs R. x pulvinata ‘Red Autumn Lace’ illus.
Z5–9 sun or partial shade and moist but well- p.90. RHYNCHOSPORA
drained, fertile soil. After flowering, on R. succedanea. See Toxicodendron
RHODOHYPOXIS established plants, cut back some older succedaneum. CYPERACEAE
shoots. Propagate by softwood cuttings R. typhina, syn. R. hirta (Stag’s horn
HYPOXIDACEAE in summer or by seed in fall. sumach). Deciduous, spreading, suckering, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
R. kerrioides. See R. scandens. open shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). and SEDGES.
Genus of dwarf, spring- to summer- R. scandens, syn. R. kerrioides, illus. p.149. Velvety shoots are clothed in dark green R. colorata, syn. Dichromena colorata,
flowering, tuberous perennials, grown for leaves with oblong leaflets. Produces illus. p.437.
their pink, red, or white flowers, each Rhoeo discolor. See Tradescantia minute, greenish-white flowers, from mid-
comprising 6 petals that meet at the center, spathacea. to late summer, in erect, conical panicles. RHYNCHOSTELE R
so the flower has no eye. Borderline fully Leaves become brilliant orange-red in fall,
hardy to frost hardy, if kept fairly dry while Rhoeo spathacea. See Tradescantia accompanying clusters of spherical, hairy, ORCHIDACEAE 685
dormant. Needs full sun, sandy, peaty soil, spathacea. deep red fruits on female plants. Z3–9.
and plenty of moisture in summer. ‘Dissecta’ (syn. R. hirta ‘Laciniata’, R.t. See also ORCHIDS.
Propagate in spring by seed or offsets. RHOICISSUS ‘Laciniata’ of gardens) illus. p.117. R. bictoniensis, syn. Lemboglossum
R. baurii. Spring- and early summer- ‘Laciniata’ of gardens see R.t. ‘Dissecta’. bictoniense, Odontoglossum bictoniense.
flowering, tuberous perennial. H and S 4in VITACEAE Radience (‘Sinrus’) illus. p.90. TigeR Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
(10cm). Has an erect, basal tuft of narrowly eyes (‘Bailtiger’), H and S 3–6ft (1–2m), greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a Genus of evergreen tendril climbers and is a slower-growing, more compact form. Olive-green flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across,
succession of erect, flattish, white, pale trees, grown for their handsome foliage. Leaves emerge yellow-green in spring, barred with dark brown and each with
pink or red flowers, 3∕4in (2cm) across, on Intermittently bears inconspicuous flowers. maturing to bright yellow and combining a sometimes pink-flushed, white lip, are
slender stems. Z9–11. ‘Albrighton’ illus. Frost tender. Grow in fertile, well-drained well with reddish-purple young shoots. produced in spikes in late summer. Leaves
p.365. ‘Douglas’ has rich deep red soil with light shade in summer. Water Good orange-red fall color. are narrowly ovate and 4–18in (10–45cm)
flowers. ‘Margaret Rose’ illus. p.362. regularly, less in cold weather. Provide R. verniciflua. See Toxicodendron long. Requires shade in summer. Z11–12
var. platypetala, H 5in (12cm), S 6in support. Remove crowded stems when vernicifluum. (min. 50ºF/10ºC; max. 75ºF/24ºC)
(15cm), has wider leaves, and white or very necessary or in early spring. Propagate R. cervantesii, syn. Lemboglossum
pale pink flowers, to 11∕4in (3cm) across. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings x RHYNCATTLEANTHE cervantesii, Odontoglossum cervantesii.
in summer. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
RHODOLEIA R. capensis (Cape grape). Vigorous, ORCHIDACEAE greenhouse. H and S 6in (15cm). In winter,
evergreen, tendril climber. H and S to 15ft produces sprays of papery, white flowers,
HAMAMELIDACEAE (5m). Rounded, toothed, lustrous, mid- to See also ORCHIDS. 1in (4–6cm) across, with cobweblike, light
deep green leaves, to 8in (20cm) wide, x R. Cherub gx ‘Spring Daffodil’. brown marks. Has narrowly ovate leaves,
Genus of evergreen, mainly spring- have deeply rounded, heart-shaped bases. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Grow in shade in
flowering shrubs or small trees, grown for Z10–12 (min. 45ºF/7ºC) intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm), summer. Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC; max.
their foliage and flowers. Frost hardy to R. rhombifolia. See Cissus rhombifolia. S 8in (20cm). Sprays of yellow flowers, 75ºF/24ºC)
half hardy. Needs full light or partial shade R. rhomboidea. See Cissus rhombifolia. 2in (5cm) across, open in spring. Broadly R. cordata, syn. Lemboglossum
and humus-rich, well-drained, neutral to ovate, rigid leaves are 4in (10cm) long. cordatum, Odontoglossum cordatum.
acidic soil. Water potted specimens freely; RHOMBOPHYLLUM Provide good light in summer. Z11–12 Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
sparingly when not in full growth. (min. 55ºF/13ºC; max. 86ºF/30ºC) greenhouse. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).
Tolerates pruning if necessary. Propagate AIZOACEAE Sprays of brown-marked, green, white,
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Rhynchelytrum. See Melinis. or yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across,
when ripe, in fall or spring. Genus of mat-forming, perennial succulents open in spring. Leaves are narrowly ovate
R. championii. Evergreen, bushy tree. with dense, basal rosettes of linear or x RHYNCHOLAELIO- and 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Provide shade
H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Elliptic to ovate, semicylindrical leaves, each expanded CATTLEYA in summer and keep very dry in winter.
bright green leaves, each to 31∕2in (9cm) toward middle or tip; leaf tip is reflexed or Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC; max. 75ºF/24ºC)
long, are borne near the shoot tips. Bears incurved. Frost tender. Requires sun and ORCHIDACEAE R. rossii, syn. Lemboglossum rossii,
clusters of tiny flowers, surrounded by very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed Odontoglossum rossii (illus. p.466).
petallike, pink bracts in spring. Z7–10 or stem cuttings in spring or summer. See also ORCHIDS. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
R. rhomboideum illus. p.494. x R. Hetherington Horace gx greenhouse. H and S 6in (15cm). In fall–
RHODOPHIALA ‘Coronation’, syn. x Brassolaeliocattleya winter, white, pink, or sometimes yellow
RHUS Hetherington Horace gx ‘Coronation’. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, speckled
AMARYLLIDACEAE Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an beige-brown, are borne in spikes. Narrowly
Sumach intermediate greenhouse. H and S 11⁄2ft ovate leaves are 2–8in (5–20cm) long. Needs
Genus of bulbs, grown for their large, (45cm). Stiff, ovate leaves are 4–6in (10–15cm) shade in summer. Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC;
funnel-shaped flowers. Frost hardy to frost ANACARDIACEAE long. Bears fragrant, light pink flowers, max. 75ºF/24ºC)
tender. Needs full sun or partial shade and 4in (10cm) across, each with a deep pink-
well-drained soil. Keep dormant bulbs dry Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees,
shrubs and scrambling climbers, grown
for their divided, ashlike foliage, fall color
and, in some species, showy fruit clusters.
Fully to frost tender. Requires sun and
RIBES
RIBES ROBINIA establish, resents being moved and, in ROSA
very cold areas, roots may need protection
Currant PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE in winter. Once established, may spread Rose
rapidly. Propagate by softwood cuttings
GROSSULARIACEAE Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- of basal shoots in early spring, by seed ROSACEAE
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for in fall (transplanting seedlings without
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly their foliage and clusters of pealike disturbing rootballs), or by root cuttings Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers. Useful for poor, dry soil. Fully in winter. open shrubs and scrambling climbers,
edible fruits (currants and gooseberries) hardy. Needs a sunny position. Grows in R. coulteri (Tree poppy) illus. p.216. grown for their profusion of flowers, often
or their flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Needs any but waterlogged soil. Branches are ‘White Cloud’ is a vigorous, bushy, fragrant, and sometimes for their fruits
full sun and well-drained, fertile soil, but brittle and may be damaged by strong woody-based perennial. H 3–8ft (1–2.5m), (rose hips). Leaves are divided into usually
R. laurifolium tolerates shade. After winds. Propagate by seed or suckers in fall S indefinite. Throughout summer, bears 5 or 7 ovate leaflets, with rounded or
flowering, cut out some older shoots and, or by root cuttings in winter. tAll parts large, slightly fragrant, shallowly cup- pointed tips, that are sometimes toothed.
in winter or early spring, prune straggly, may cause severe discomfort if ingested. shaped, white flowers with prominent Stems usually bear prickles. Fully hardy,
old plants hard. Propagate deciduous R. x ambigua ‘Decaisneana’. golden stamens. Leaves are ovate, deeply unless otherwise stated below. Prefers an
species by hardwood cuttings in winter, Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), lobed, and gray. Z7–10 open, sunny site and requires fertile, moist
evergreens by semiripe cuttings in S 30ft (10m). Dark green leaves have but well-drained soil. Avoid planting in an
summer. Aphids attack young foliage. numerous ovate leaflets. Long, hanging ROMULEA area where roses have been grown in
R. aureum of gardens. See R. odoratum. clusters of pealike, pink flowers are borne recent years, as problems due to harmful
R. laurifolium illus. p.165. in early summer. Z4–8 IRIDACEAE organisms may occur: either exchange the
R. odoratum, syn. R. aureum of gardens R. hispida (Rose acacia) illus. p.133. soil, which may be used satisfactorily
(Buffalo currant). Deciduous, upright R. pseudoacacia (False acacia, Locust). Genus of crocuslike corms, grown for their elsewhere, or choose another site for the
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Bears pendent Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree. funnel-shaped flowers. Frost to half hardy. new rose. To obtain blooms of high quality,
clusters of fragrant, tubular, golden-yellow H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Dark green Needs full light and well-drained, sandy feed in late winter or early spring with a
flowers from mid- to late spring, then leaves consist of 11–23 ovate leaflets. Bears soil. Water freely during the growing balanced fertilizer and apply a mulch.
rounded, purple fruits. Rounded, 3-lobed, dense, drooping clusters of fragrant, period. Most species die down in summer In spring and summer, feed regularly at
bright green leaves turn red and purple in pealike, white flowers in late spring and and then need warmth and dryness, but R. 3-weekly intervals. Remove spent flower
fall. Z4–8 early summer. Z3–8. ‘Frisia’ illus. p.76. macowanii is dormant in winter. Propagate heads from plants that are “remontant”
R. sanguineum (Flowering currant). ‘Inermis’ see R.p. ‘Umbraculifera’. ‘Lace by seed in fall, or in spring for R. (“rising up again;” other terms used are
‘Brocklebankii’ is a deciduous, spreading Lady’ (syn. R.p. ‘Twisty Baby’), H 12–20ft macowanii. repeat- or perpetual-flowering). May be
shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has aromatic, (4–6m), S 15–22ft (5–7m), is slow-growing R. bulbocodioides of gardens. See R. trimmed for tidiness in early winter. To
pale yellow leaves. Pendent clusters of and shrubby, with few thorns. Young flava. improve health, flower quality, and shape
small, pale pink flowers, in spring, are growths are twisted and contorted, and R. bulbocodium illus. p.419. of bush, prune in the dormant season or,
followed by white-bloomed, black fruits. older leaves may be wavy or curled. Rarely R. flava, syn. R. bulbocodioides of preferably, in early spring, before young
‘Koja’ illus. p.146. ‘Pulborough Scarlet’ flowers. Suitable for a container. gardens. Early spring-flowering corm. shoots develop from dormant growth
illus. p.123. ‘Tydeman’s White’, H and ‘Twisty Baby’ see R.p. ‘Lace Lady’. H to 4in (10cm), S 2in (5cm). Has a buds: remove dead, damaged, and dying
S 8ft (2.5m), has pure white flowers. ‘Umbraculifera’ (syn. R.p. ‘Inermis’; threadlike, erect, basal leaf and 1–5 wood; lightly trim Old Garden and
White icicle (‘Ubric’) is vigorous Mop-head acacia), H and S 20ft (6m), rarely upright, widely funnel-shaped, usually Groundcover roses (see below); remove
produces a rounded, dense flower head. yellowish green flowers, 3∕4–11∕2in (2–4cm) two-thirds of previous summer’s growth of
R and early flowering, bearing pure white R. x slavinii ‘Hillieri’ illus. p.86. across, with deeper yellow centers. Z10–11 Modern bush, including miniature, roses.
flowers. Z4–8 R. longituba. See R. macowanii var. Correct treatment of Modern shrub and
R. speciosum (Fuchsia-flowered currant) Rochea coccinea. See Crassula alticola. climbing roses, ramblers, and Species
illus. p.193. coccinea. R. macowanii var. alticola, syn. roses depends on the individual cultivar,
R. longituba. Summer-flowering corm. but in general they should be pruned only
RICHEA RODGERSIA H 3in (8cm), S 2in (5cm). Leaves are lightly. Propagate by budding in summer
threadlike, erect and basal. Produces 1–3 or by hardwood cuttings in fall. All roses
ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE SAXIFRAGACEAE upright, yellow flowers, each 11∕4in (3cm) are prone to attack by various pests and
across, with a long tube expanding to diseases, including aphids, blackspot,
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous become a wide funnel shape. Z9–11 powdery mildew, rust, and sawfly.
shrubs and small trees, grown for their perennials, ideal for pond sides. Fully R. sabulosa. Early spring-flowering corm.
foliage and densely clustered flowers. hardy. Grows in sun or partial shade and H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has Rose species and cultivars are often
Frost to half hardy. Needs sun or partial in soil that is moist; requires shelter from threadlike, erect, basal leaves. Stems bear regarded as 2 separate groups. Cultivars
shade and moist, peaty, neutral to acidic strong winds, which may damage foliage. 1–4 upward-facing, funnel-shaped, black- are further divided into Old Garden and
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in Propagate by division in spring centered, bright red flowers that open Modern roses. Each group comprises
summer or by seed in fall. or by seed in fall. flattish, to 11∕2–2in (4–5cm) across, in the different types, based, it is claimed, on the
R. scoparia. Evergreen, upright shrub. R. aesculifolia illus. p.437. sun. Z10–11 functional qualities of each plant, such as
H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Shoots are covered R. pinnata ‘Fireworks’. Clump-forming, whether it is repeat-flowering, rather than
with narrowly lance-shaped, sharp- rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft RONDELETIA on any historical, botanical, or genetical
pointed, dark green leaves. Bears dense, (60cm). Has a large creeping root and relationships. Flowers occur in a variety of
upright spikes of small, egg-shaped, pink, large, pinnate, red-tinged, mid-green RUBIACEAE forms (illustrated and described on p.172)
white, orange or maroon flowers in early leaves with narrowly ovate leaflets. In and are single (4–7 petals), semidouble
summer. Z8–11 summer, produces much-branched, loose Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- (8–20 petals), double (20–30 petals) or fully
panicles of small, star-shaped, pink-red flowering trees and shrubs, grown double (over 30 petals).
686 RICINUS flowers. Z5–7. ‘Superba’, H 3–4ft mainly for their flowers. Frost tender.
(1–1.2m), S 75cm (21∕2ft), has bronze-tinged, Requires full light or partial shade Many modern rose cultivars are sold
EUPHORBIACEAE emerald-green leaves and bright pink and fertile, well-drained soil. Water under names other than the registered
flowers. containerized specimens freely when in Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR) names; where
Genus of one species of fast-growing, R. podophylla illus. p.436. full growth, moderately at other times. this is the case, the plant is listed under its
evergreen, treelike shrub, grown for its R. sambucifolia illus. p.437. Stems may be shortened in early spring if trade name, with the PBR name in brackets.
foliage. In cool climates is grown as an R. tabularis. See Astilboides tabularis. necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or Roses are illustrated on pp.172–87.
annual. Half hardy. Needs sun and fertile by semiripe cuttings in summer.
to rich, well-drained soil. May require ROMNEYA R. amoena. Evergreen, rounded shrub. Species roses
support in exposed areas. Propagate by H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Ovate, dark green Species, or wild, roses (including those
seed sown under glass in early spring. Tree poppy leaves are brown-hairy beneath. Produces interspecific hybrids that share most of the
tAll parts of R. communis, particularly dense clusters of tubular, 4-or 5-lobed, characteristics of their parent species) are
the seeds, are highly toxic if ingested; PAPAVERACEAE pink or white flowers with bearded yellow either shrubs or climbers, mostly bearing
contact with the foliage may aggravate throats in summer. Z11–12 (min. 54°F/12°C) single, 5-petaled, often fragrant flowers
skin allergies. Genus of summer-flowering, woody-based Rooksbya euphorbioides. See in summer, usually in one flush on short
R. communis (Castor-oil plant) illus. perennials and deciduous subshrubs. Fully shoots from second-year wood: the
p.318. ‘Impala’ illus. p.308. hardy. Requires a warm, sunny position Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides. flowers are followed by red, black, green,
and deep, well-drained soil. Difficult to yellow, orange, or purple hips in fall.
ROSA
Old Garden roses semidouble or double flowers, singly or Train against walls, fences or use to cover Rugosa—Hardy shrubs with tough,
This category is so large that it is divided in clusters of 3, in early summer, on short garden structures. wrinkled, usually bright green leaves
into two groups. Roses in Group A are shoots from second-year wood. Grow Climbing Miniature—Repeat-flowering, and prickly stems. Most bear scented,
mostly of European origin, while those in against a sheltered wall or fence. climbing roses with restrained, sparsely single, or semidouble flowers, in clusters
Group B are hybrids between Oriental and China—spindly, repeat-flowering shrubs thorny growth. Clusters of 3–9 tiny, of 3–11, in summer–fall, on short shoots
European roses. with mostly smooth stems, bearing only rarely scented, single to fully double from second-year wood. They are often
a few reddish-brown prickles, and glossy flowers are borne in flushes in summer– followed by tomatolike, usually red hips.
Group A leaves. They produce sometimes scented, fall, on shoots from second-year wood Use as hedges, for beds, and borders and
Alba—large, freely branching shrubs single to fully double flowers, singly or in and on new wood. Grow against low as specimen plants.
with only a few prickles on the stems. They clusters of 3–13, in flushes in summer–fall. walls, fences and pillars. Shrub—Roses in this diverse group are
bear clusters of 5–7 semi- to fully double, Flowers are produced on short shoots Floribunda (or Cluster-flowered usually larger than bush roses (a general
scented flowers in midsummer, on shoots from second-year wood and on new bush)—repeat-flowering, free-branching term used to describe Floribundas,
from second-year wood. Have abundant, wood. Need a sheltered site. Are suitable shrubs of upright or bushy habit, usually Hybrid Teas, Miniatures, Patio roses,
grayish-green leaves. Are very hardy. for borders and walls. with prickly stems and glossy, dark green and occasionally Groundcover roses).
Most are good for borders and as hedges Hybrid Musk—Vigorous, repeat- leaves. Sometimes scented, single to They often have prickly stems and bear
or as specimen plants. flowering shrubs with prickly stems and double flowers are usually in clusters of usually scented, semidouble to double
Centifolia (or Provence)—lax, thorny abundant foliage. They produce mainly 3–25, rarely solitary, and are produced flowers in few- to many-flowered clusters,
shrubs that produce often scented, double double blooms, often very fragrant, either continuously in summer–fall on shoots sometimes singly, in summer–fall. Some
to fully double flowers, borne singly or in singly or in clusters of 2–7 or more, in from second-year wood and on new bloom in summer only from second-year
3s, in summer, on shoots from second-year flushes from midsummer to fall. Are good wood. Are excellent for borders and as wood; most are repeat-flowerers and also
wood. Leaves are matte, dark green. Are for shrub borders, and can be trained on hedges. flower on new wood. Use as hedges, in
suitable for borders. walls. Groundcover—trailing and spreading beds and borders, and as specimen plants.
Damask—open shrubs with prickly stems Hybrid Perpetual—free-branching, roses, mostly with prickly stems,
and downy leaves. They produce often repeat-flowering shrubs with upright, producing often glossy leaves. They R. AbrAhAm DArby (‘Auscot’) R
very fragrant, semi- to fully double prickly growth and dark green leaves. bear clusters of numerous, sometimes illus. p.183.
flowers, borne singly or in loose clusters They bear often scented, fully double scented, single to fully double flowers; R. Absolutely FAbulous. See R. Julia 687
of 5–7 mainly in summer, on shoots from flowers, held singly or in 3s, in flushes in some flower in summer only, on short Child (‘Wekvossutono’).
second-year wood; a few also flower on summer–fall on shoots from second-year shoots from second-year wood; others R. ‘Agnes’. Bushy Rugosa rose with
new wood in fall. Are suitable for borders wood and on new wood. Are suitable for are repeat-flowering, and also flower on upright stems. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m).
or training against a support. beds and borders. new wood. Many bear flowers all along Cupped, double, scented, light yellow
Gallica—shrubs of fairly dense, free- Noisette—repeat-flowering climbing the stems. Are ideal for beds, banks, and flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
branching habit, with usually thorny roses that bear clusters of 3–15 usually containers, and for trailing over walls. early summer (a few later). Leaves are
stems, and mostly dull, dark green leaves. double to fully double flowers, with a Hybrid Tea (or Large-flowered rough, ribbed, and clear green. Z3–9
Produce mostly scented, single to fully slight spicy fragrance, in flushes in bush)—repeat-flowering, free-branching R. ‘Aimée Vibert’. Noisette rose with
double, richly colored flowers, often in summer–fall. Flowers are borne on shoots shrubs of upright or bushy habit, with smooth stems and glossy, dark green
clusters of 3, in summer on shoots from from second-year wood, occasionally on usually prickly stems and glossy or matte, leaves. H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears
second-year wood. Are suitable for new wood. Have generally smooth stems mid- to dark green leaves. Large, often fully double, scented white flowers, 2½in
borders and as hedging. and glossy leaves. Are suitable for scented, usually double flowers are borne (6cm) across, from summer–fall. May be
Moss—often lax shrubs with a furry, sheltered, south- or west-facing walls. singly or in 3s in flushes in summer–fall grown as a shrub. Z5–9
mosslike growth on stems and calyces. Portland (or Damask Portland)— on shoots from second-year wood and R. ‘Alba Semiplena’, syn. R. x alba
Leaves are usually dark green. Usually upright, compact, repeat-flowering shrubs on new wood. Use in formal borders, as ‘Semiplena’. Vigorous, bushy Alba rose.
fragrant, semi- to fully double flowers, with thorny stems and usually dark green hedges and for cut flowers. H 7ft (2.2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears sweetly
often in clusters of 3 or more, are borne leaves. They produce usually scented, Miniature—repeat-flowering shrubs with scented, flat, semidouble, white flowers,
on very thorny shoots from second-year semi- to fully double flowers, held singly very compact, rarely spreading, sparsely 3in (7cm) across, in midsummer. Leaves
wood in summer. Are suitable for beds or in 3s, in flushes in summer–fall, mainly prickly, short growth. Sprays of 3–11 tiny, are grayish-green. Z6–9
and borders. on shoots from second-year wood. Are rarely scented, single to fully double R. ‘Albéric Barbier’ illus. p.184.
Scots (or Scotch)—Suckering shrubs, suitable for beds and borders. flowers are borne in flushes in summer– R. ‘Albertine’ illus. p.185.
selections or hybrids of R. spinosissima, Sempervirens—vigorous, semievergreen fall on very short shoots from second- R. Alec’s reD (‘Cored’) illus. p.181.
of low, spreading, rarely upright habit, climbing or rambler roses with shiny, light year wood and on new wood. Have tiny R. AlexAnDer (‘Harlex’) illus. p.180.
with prickly stems and dark green leaves. green leaves. Arching, thorny stems bear leaves. Are suitable for edging paths and R. ‘Alfred de Dalmas’ of gardens. See
Occasionally scented, single to double clusters of 3–15 unscented, semi- to fully driveways, and for rock gardens, raised R. ‘Mousseline’.
flowers are solitary or borne in clusters double flowers in summer, on short stems beds, and container growing. R. ‘Alister Stella Gray’. Noisette
of 3 or more, on short stems from second- from second-year wood. Are ideal for Patio (or Dwarf cluster-flowered climbing rose with long, vigorous, arching
year wood, usually in early summer. Are naturalizing or for growing on fences bush)—repeat-flowering shrubs with stems and neat, mid-green leaves. H 15ft
suitable for beds and borders. and pergolas. compact growth, sometimes prickly stems, (5m), S 10ft (3m). Quartered-rosette, fully
Sweet Briar—Vigorous, free-branching Tea—repeat-flowering shrubs and and usually glossy leaves. They bear double, musk-scented, yolk-yellow flowers,
shrubs with usually thorny stems and climbing roses with smooth to thorny clusters of 3–11 usually unscented, single fading to white, 21∕2in (6cm) across, are
sweetly scented, dark green leaves. In stems, sometimes bearing a few large, to double flowers in flushes in summer– borne freely from summer–fall. Z5–9
summer, they bear usually scented, single red prickles, and glossy, light or fall, on shoots from second-year wood R. ‘Aloha’ illus. p.185.
to double flowers, singly or in clusters of sometimes dark green leaves. They and on new wood. Are ideal for beds, R. Amber Queen (‘Harroony’).
up to 7, on short shoots from second-year produce spicy-scented, slender-stemmed, borders, and as hedges and for growing Spreading, Floribunda bush rose with
wood. Use as hedges, as specimen plants, semi- to fully double flowers, borne singly in containers. abundant, reddish foliage. H 20in (50cm),
and in large borders. or in 3s, in flushes in summer–fall, on Polyantha—compact, repeat-flowering S 2ft (60cm). Amber flowers, 3in (8cm)
shoots from second-year wood and on shrubs with sparsely prickly stems and across, are fragrant, rounded, and fully
Group B new wood. Need a sheltered site. Are glossy leaves. Sprays of many small, double; repeat-flowering from summer–
Bourbon—large, open, repeat-flowering suitable for beds and borders and trained rarely scented, single to double flowers fall. Z6–9
shrubs and climbing roses, often with against walls. are borne in summer–fall on shoots from R. ‘American Pillar’. Vigorous Rambler
long, smooth or prickly stems, which may second-year wood and on new wood. Are of lax growth, with leathery, glossy, mid-
be trained to climb. They have often glossy Modern roses suitable for beds and borders, as hedges, green foliage. H to 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m).
leaves and numerous scented, double or Climber—often vigorous climbing roses and for containers. Large clusters of cupped, single, carmine-
fully double flowers, borne commonly in with thorny, arching, stiff stems and Rambler—a diverse group of vigorous red flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with white
3s, in flushes in summer and usually fall. usually dense, glossy, mid- to dark green roses with long, arching, prickly stems eyes, are borne freely in midsummer, and
Flowers are borne on short shoots from foliage. They bear generally scented and dense, usually glossy foliage. They followed by scarlet hips. Z6–9
second-year wood and on new wood. Are flowers in a variety of forms, singly or in have clusters of 3–21 sometimes scented, R. ‘Angel Face’. Slow-growing Floribunda
suitable for borders and for training over clusters of 3–7 or more. Some bloom in single to fully double flowers, mainly in (prune only lightly) with dark green foliage.
fences, walls and pillars. summer only, on short shoots from summer, on short shoots from second- H 32in (80cm), S 28in (70cm). Bears clusters
Boursault—climbing roses with long, second-year wood; many are repeat- year wood and on new wood. Train over of double, very strongly scented, lilac
arching, usually smooth stems and dark flowering and also flower on new wood. walls, fences, pergolas, and into trees. flowers with ruffled petals, 4in (10cm)
green leaves. They bear slightly scented, across, almost continuously. Z5–9
ROSA
R R. ‘Arthur Bell’ illus. p.182. double, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, S 28in (70cm). Cupped, lemon-scented, R. crAzy for you. See R. fourth of JuLy
R. AugustA Luise (‘Tangust’), syn. are produced from summer–fall. Z5–9 fully double, rich yellow flowers, fading (‘Wekroalt’).
688 R. ‘Rachel’, illus. p.183. R. BreAth of Life (‘Harquanne’). Stiff, to butter-yellow, 5in (12cm) across, are R. ‘Crépuscule’. Noisette with long
R. ‘Ballerina’ illus. p.178. upright Climber with large, semi-glossy borne in summer and again in fall. growths and mid-green leaves, purple
R. banksiae, syn. R. banksiae var. alba, leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). Scented, Z6–9 when young. H and S 10ft (3m). Produces
R. banksiae ‘Alba Plena’ (Double white rounded, fully double, apricot to apricot- R. ‘Charles de Mills’. Bushy Gallica rose small clusters of double, musk-scented,
Banksian rose). Climbing Species rose pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne with smooth arching stems and plentiful, deep rich copper flowers, fading to buff,
with small, mid-green leaves. H 40ft (12m), in summer and again in fall. Z6–9 mid-green leaves. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Very 4in (10cm) across. Summer flowering, plus
S 20ft (6m). In late spring, bears dense R. Brother cAdfAeL (‘Ausglobe’). fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double, a few later flowers. Z7–11
clusters of many rosette-shaped, violet- Upright “English” Shrub rose with few crimson-purple flowers, 4in (10cm) across, R. ‘Cristata’. See R. x centifolia ‘Cristata’.
scented, double, white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) prickles. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). Bears are borne in summer. May be grown on a R. crown Princess mArgAretA
across, with notched petals. Protect from deeply cupped, double, fragrant, mid-pink support. Z6–9 (‘Auswinter’). “English” Shrub rose with
frost. Prune only by cutting out old wood. flowers, 5in (12cm) across, on short stalks, R. chArLotte (‘Auspoly’) illus. p.182. long, arching stems and dark, shiny leaves.
Z6–9. ‘Lutea’ (syn. var. lutea; Yellow surrounded by plentiful foliage. Some R. chicAgo PeAce (‘Johnago’). A H 5½ft (1.7m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears cupped,
Banksian rose) bears fully double, yellow repeat-flowering in fall. Z5–9 vigorous, shrubby, large-flowered sport fully double, fruit-scented, rich apricot
flowers, 2cm (¾in) across. R. ‘Buff Beauty’ illus. p.177. of R. ‘Madame A. Meilland’. H 4ft (1.2m), flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly and in
R. ‘Baron Girod de l’Ain’. Vigorous R. Burgund 81 (‘Korgund’), syn. R. S 3ft (1m). Has abundant, glossy foliage. small clusters. Repeat-flowering. Z5–11
Hybrid Perpetual rose with pale green Loving MeMory, illus. p.181. Clusters of flowers in brighter, deeper R. ‘Dainty Bess’. Bushy Hybrid Tea
leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). From R. Burgundy ice (‘Prose’) illus. p.181. colors of crimson and peach are borne with leathery leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft
summer–fall, produces cupped, fully double, R. californica. Shrubby Species rose in summer and again in fall. Z5–9 (60cm). Bears flat, single, lightly scented,
scented, crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) with small, dull, mid-green leaves. H 7ft R. ‘Chilterns’. See R. Mainaufeuer pale pink flowers, 4½in (11cm) across,
across, with wavy-margined petals neatly (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, flat, single, (‘Kortemma’). with conspicuous purple filaments, from
edged with white piping. Z6–9 lilac-pink flowers, 11∕2in (4cm) across, are R. chinensis var. minima. See R. summer–fall. Z5–9
R. ‘Belle de Crécy’. Gallica rose borne freely in midsummer, then sparsely ‘Pompon de Paris’. R. ‘Dame du Coeur’, syn. R. ‘Queen of
of rather lax growth, with bristly stems in fall. Z6–9 R. ‘Chrysler Imperial’. Upright Hybrid Hearts’. Vigorous, upright Hybrid Tea with
and dark green leaves with long leaflets. R. ‘Camaïeux’. Gallica of compact habit Tea with dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m), medium-dark, semi-glossy leaves. H 4ft
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In a single flush with small, rough, dull green leaves. H and S 2ft (60cm). From summer–fall, bears (1.25m), S 3ft (1m). Bears large, scented,
in summer, produces quartered-rosette, S 32in (80cm). Cupped, fully double, lightly high-centered, fully double, very fragrant, pale crimson or cherry-red flowers,
fully double, deep pink flowers, 3in (8cm) scented, pink flowers, 3in (7cm) across, deep red flowers, 5in (12cm) across. Good 5in (12cm) across, usually singly but
across, with white petal-backs and a spicy striped with crimson-purple to lilac-gray, for cutting. Z6–11 occasionally in clusters. Repeats well. Z4–9
fragrance. Z7–10 are borne in summer. Z4–8 R. cLAire Austin (‘Ausprior’) illus. p.182. R. ‘Danse du Feu’, syn. R. ‘Spectacular’.
R. BenjAmin Britten (‘Ausencart’) illus. R. ‘Canary Bird’. See R. xanthina R. ‘Climbing Cécile Brünner’ illus. Vigorous, stiffly branched Climber with
p.175. ‘Canary Bird’. p.185. abundant, glossy foliage. H and S 8ft
R. BeverLy (‘Korpauvio’), syn. R. Pink R. ‘Capitaine John Ingram’. Lax Moss R. ‘Climbing Etoile de Hollande’. (2.5m). Bears slightly scented, rounded,
Perfection, illus. p.180. rose with red-brown moss and dark green Climber with erect growth and dark green semidouble, scarlet flowers, 3in (8cm)
R. ‘Blanche Moreau’. Moss rose of lax foliage. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In summer, foliage. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Produces across, in summer, again in fall. Z6–9
growth with dark green leaves. H 5ft bears fragrant, button-eyed rosette, cupped, double, very fragrant, dark R. dArcey BusseLL (‘Ausdecorum’).
(1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears fragrant, cupped, fully double, rich dark crimson to purple crimson flowers, 4½in (11cm) across, Compact “English” Shrub rose with matte,
fully double, white flowers, 3in (7cm) flowers, 3in (8cm) across; petals are lilac- mainly in summer and intermittently to mid-green leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm).
across, with brownish green “mossing” pink on the reverse. Z6–9 fall. Z6–9 Fragrant, cupped, fully double, deep
in summer. Z6–9 R. ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’ illus. p.175. R. ‘Climbing Iceberg’ illus. p.184. crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across, aging
R. ‘Blessings’. Vigorous Hybrid Tea R. cArdinAL hume (‘Harregale’) illus. R. ‘Climbing Lady Hillingdon’. to purple shades, are produced in summer
with large, dark green leaves. H 3½ft p.175. Tea rose, a sport of R. ‘Lady Hillingdon’. and again in fall. Z6–9
(1.1m), S 30in (75cm). Slightly scented, R. ‘Cécile Brünner’. Vigorous, upright H 15ft (5m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has dark green R. ‘De La Maître d’Ecole’. Bushy,
urn-shaped, fully double, salmon-pink China rose with pointed, mid-green leaves. leaves on twiggy, reddish-green stems, spreading Gallica rose with bright, fresh
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne H 21⁄2ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears abundant, and continously bears pendulous, pointed, green foliage. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears
from summer–fall. Z6–9 sweetly scented, urn-shaped, fully double, double, rich apricot-yellow flowers, 4½in fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double,
R. BLue moon. See R. Mainzer light pink flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) across, (11cm) across. Z5–10 carmine to light pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
fastnacht (‘Tannacht’). fading to pearl, from summer–fall. Z6–9. R. ‘Climbing Madame Caroline across, in summer. Z6–9
R. ‘Blush Noisette’. See R. ‘Noisette R. ‘Céleste’, syn. R. ‘Celestial’, illus. p.173. Testout’ illus. p.185. R. desdemonA (‘Auskindling’). Bushy,
Carnée’. R. ‘Celestial’. See R. ‘Céleste’. R. cocktAiL (‘Meimick’) illus. p.186. vigorous, “English” Shrub rose with glossy
R. ‘Blush Rambler’. Vigorous Rambler R. x centifolia ‘Cristata’, syn. R. ‘Chapeau R. ‘Commandant Beaurepaire’. mid-green leaves. H 4½ft (1.4m), S 3ft (1m).
with long, arching stems and abundant de Napoléon’, R. ‘Cristata’ (Crested moss). Vigorous, spreading Bourbon rose. Bears fruit-scented, cupped, palest shell-
glossy, pale green leaves. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft Leafy, lanky Centifolia rose. H 5ft (1.5m), H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). Cupped, double, pink flowers, fading to pure white, 3in
(5m). Open clusters of cupped, semidouble, S 4ft (1.2m). During summer, very fragrant, pink flowers with purple and white stripes, (8cm) across, from summer–fall. Z5–11
light pink flowers, 11∕2in (4cm) across, are cupped, fully double, pink flowers, 31∕2in 3in (7cm) across, and with a penetrating, R. ‘Don Juan’. Vigorous, upright, prickly
borne in late summer. Good scrambler for (9cm) across, with crested, mossy sepals, lemony scent, are borne in summer. Pale Climber with long, strong stems and
an arch, pergola or tree. Z6–9 are borne on nodding stems amid matte, green leaflets have wavy margins. Z5–9 tough, dark green foliage. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft
R. ‘Bobbie James’. Rampant Rambler bright, pale green foliage. May be grown R. ‘Compassion’ illus. p.185. (2.5m). Fragrant, dark crimson flowers
with reddish-green young leaves, turning on a support. Z6–9. ‘Muscosa’ (Common R. ‘Complicata’ illus. p.174. with the form of a Hybrid Tea rose, 4in
glossy, bright green when mature. H to moss, Old pink moss) differs in having R. ‘Comte de Chambord’ of gardens. (10cm) across, are borne singly or in small
30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Large clusters of flowers with sepals, calyces and stems See R. ‘Madame Boll’. clusters, followed by orange hips; repeat
cupped, semidouble, musk-scented, covered in a sticky, aromatic “moss.” R. congrAtuLAtions. see R. syLvia flowering. Can be used as a pillar rose;
creamy-white flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, R. ‘Cerise Bouquet’. Very vigorous (‘Korlift’). does especially well in hot areas. Z5–9
are produced in summer. Z6–9 Shrub rose of arching habit, with very R. ‘Conrad Ferdinand Meyer’. Tall R. ‘Doris Tysterman’. Vigorous, upright
R. BonicA (‘Meidomonac’), syn. prickly stems bearing small green leaves. vigorous, arching, very prickly Shrub rose. Hybrid Tea rose with large, glossy, dark
R. ‘Bonica ’82’. Vigorous, spreading H and S to 11ft (3.5m). In summer, H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Bright green leaves green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 30in (75cm).
Shrub rose with plentiful, glossy foliage. produces a spectacular display of flat, are large and rough-textured. Cupped, Bears slightly scented, pointed, fully
H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Produces large semidouble, cherry-red flowers, 21∕2in fully double, silvery pink flowers, 4in double, orange-apricot flowers, 4in (10cm)
sprays of slightly fragrant, cupped, (6cm) across. Z6–9 (10cm) across, are richly fragrant and across, in summer, again in fall. Z6–9
double, ruffled, bright, pale pink flowers, R. ‘Champagne Moment’. See R. Lions- borne repeatedly in summer. Z6–9 R. ‘Dorothy Perkins’. Lax Rambler with
2½in (6cm) across, repeatedly from rose (‘orvanaber’). R. constAnce sPry illus. p.174. small, glossy, dark green leaves. H and S
summer–fall. Z6–9 R. chAndos BeAuty (‘Harmisty’) illus. R. ‘Cornelia’. Vigorous Hybrid Musk 10ft (3m). Bears dense clusters of rosette-
R. BoscoBeL (‘Auscousin’) illus. p.178. p.178. of mounding habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m). shaped, double, bright pink flowers, 1¼in
R. ‘Boule de Neige’. Upright Bourbon R. ‘Chapeau de Napoléon’. See R. x Bears clusters of strongly musk- and (3cm) across, in late summer. Z4–10
rose with stiff stems and glossy, dark centifolia ‘Cristata’. sweet-scented, rosette-shaped, double, R. ‘Dortmund’ illus. p.186.
green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Very R. chArLes dArwin (‘Auspeet’). pink flowers flushed with copper at the R. douBLe deLight (‘Andeli’) illus.
fragrant, reflexed, pompon-shaped, fully “English” Shrub rose with mid-green centers, 2in (5cm) across, from summer– p.180.
foliage and very few prickles. H 3ft (1m), fall. Z5–10
ROSA
R. Dublin bay (‘Macdub’) illus. p.186. dense clusters of rosette-shaped, fully R. ‘Fritz Nobis’. Vigorous, upright Shrub are borne singly or in clusters. Repeat- R
R. Duftwolke (‘Tanellis’), syn. R. double crimson flowers, 1¼in (3cm) rose with small green leaves. H 7ft (2.2m), flowering. Z5–9
Fragrant Cloud. Bushy, dense Hybrid Tea across. Z5–9 S 6ft (1.8m). In summer, bears abundant, R. GolDen celebration (‘Ausgold’). 689
rose with dark green foliage. H 30in (75cm), R. falstaff (‘Ausverse’). Shrub rose cupped, double, scented, pink flowers with “English” Shrub rose with glossy, mid-
S 2ft (60cm). Very fragrant, rounded, with long stems and dark green leaves. coppery petal-backs, 3½in (9cm) across, green leaves and near prickle-free stems.
double, dusky-scarlet flowers fading to H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears cupped, loose fading to pale pink. Z6–10 H and S 4ft (1.2m). From summer–fall,
salmon-pink, 4½in (11cm) across, are rosette or quartered, rich dark crimson R. ‘Fru Dagmar Hastrup’, syn. R. bears deeply cupped, double, fragrant,
borne freely from summer–fall. Z6–9 flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, with a strong, ‘Frau Dagmar Hartopp’. Sturdy, compact golden-yellow flowers, 3½in (9cm)
R. Duftzauber ’84 (‘Korzaun’), syn. R. sweet scent, singly or in tight clusters. Rugosa of spreading habit, with bright across. Z6–9
‘Royal William’, illus. p.180. Can be trained as a climber. Z5–11 green, crinkled leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft R. ‘Golden Showers’. Stiff, upright
R. ‘Easlea’s Golden Rambler’. R. ‘Fantin-Latour’ illus. p.173. (1.2m). Shallowly cupped, single, clove- Climber with thick stems and glossy,
Vigorous, arching Rambler with plentiful, R. ‘Felicia’ illus. p.173. scented, silvery pink flowers, 3½in (9cm) mid-green foliage. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
leathery foliage. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). R. ‘Félicité Parmentier’. Vigorous, across, are borne in summer and again In summer and again in fall, bears many
Strongly scented, loose, rounded, fully compact, upright Alba rose with bluish- in fall, alongside tomato-shaped, red hips. sweet-scented, pointed, double, clear
double, yellow flowers fading to pale, green leaves. H 4½ft (1.3m), S 4ft (1.2m). Z3–8 yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across, that
4in (10cm) across, are borne, usually in Fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double, R. ‘Frühlingsmorgen’. Open Shrub open flat. May be pruned to grow as a
clusters, during summer. Z6–9 pale translucent pink flowers fading to rose with arching stems and grayish- shrub. Z6–9
R. easy Does it (‘Harpagent’) illus. white, 21∕2in (6cm) across, are borne in green foliage. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). R. GolDen weDDinG (‘Arokris’) illus.
p.183. midsummer. Good as a hedge. Z6–9 In late spring, bears sweet-scented, p.182.
R. easy GoinG (‘Harflow’) illus. p.182. R. ‘Félicité Perpétue’ illus. p.184. cupped, single, deep pink flowers, 5in R. ‘Golden Wings’. Bushy, spreading
R. ebb tiDe (‘Weksmopur’), syn. R. R. ‘Fellemberg’. Sometimes known as (12cm) across, with primrose-yellow Shrub rose with light green foliage. H 31∕2ft
PurPle eden. Vigorous, upright Floribunda R. ‘Fellenberg’. Vigorous, shrubby China- centers, fading to white, and crimson (1.1m), S 41∕2ft (1.3m). Bears fragrant,
rose with dark, semi-glossy leaves. Noisette hybrid with purplish-green stamens. Z3–8 shallowly cupped, single, pale lemon-
H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). Continuously leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Clusters R. gallica var. officinalis, syn. R. yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
bears flushes of impressive clusters of of sweetly scented, rounded to cupped, officinalis (Apothecary’s rose, Red rose of amber-colored stamens, from summer–fall,
3–10, fully double, dark purple, flowers, fully double flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in Lancaster). Gallica of compact, rounded followed by large orange hips. Z6–9
3½in (9cm) across, with a strong, sweet, shades of light crimson, are borne from habit with small, rough, mid-green leaves. R. ‘Goldfinch’. Vigorous, arching
spicy scent. Z5–9 summer–fall. Prune to grow as a bedding H to 32in (80cm), S 3ft (1m). In summer, Rambler with light green leaves on smooth
R. ‘Eden Rose ’88’. See R. Pierre de rose or support as a climber. Z6–9 bears flat, semidouble, pinkish-red stems. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). In summer,
ronsard (‘Meiviolin’). R. fellowship (‘Harwelcome’) illus. flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with a sweet produces lightly scented, rosette, double,
R. eglanteria. See R. rubiginosa. p.183. scent, followed by orange-red hips. H7. deep yellow flowers, 11∕2in (4cm) across,
R. eGlantyne (‘Ausmak’). Slender, R. ‘Ferdinand Pichard’ illus. p.178. ‘Versicolor’ illus. p.174. that fade to creamy white. Z5–9
upright, prickly “English” Shrub rose. R. filipes ‘Kiftsgate’ illus. p.184. R. GarDener’s Glory (‘Chewability’) R. Grace (‘Auskeppy’). Bushy
H 4½ft (1.3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces R. flower carpet. See R. Heidetraum illus. p.187. “English” Shrub rose with light green
clusters of fully double, cupped and (‘Noatraum’). R. GarDen of roses (‘Korfloci’), leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears
rosette-shaped, tea-scented, pastel pink R. foetida ‘Persiana’, syn. R. ‘Persian syn. R. ‘Joie de Vivre’, illus. p.179. clusters of rosette-shaped, fully double,
flowers, 4in (10cm) across. Repeat Yellow’. Upright, arching Species R. Geoff hamilton (‘Ausham’). tea-scented, apricot flowers, 3½in (9cm)
flowering. Z5–9 rose. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Cupped, Vigorous “English” Shrub rose with mid- across. Repeats well. Z5–10
R. elina (‘Dicjana’), syn. R. ‘Peaudouce’. double, bright yellow flowers, 1in green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4½ft (1.3m). R. Graham thomas (‘Ausmas’) illus.
Vigorous, upright Hybrid Tea rose (2.5cm) across, are borne in a single Almost continuously through summer–fall, p.176.
with abundant, reddish foliage. H 5ft flush in summer. Glossy leaves are prone rounded buds open singly or in clusters to R. ‘Grandpa Dickson’, syn. R. ‘Irish
(1.5m), S 30in (75cm). Lightly scented, to blackspot. Prune spent branches only. strongly sweet-scented, rosette-shaped, Gold’. Neat, upright Hybrid Tea rose with
rounded, fully double, ivory-white flowers, Best in full sun. Z6–9 fully double, pale pink flowers intensifying glossy, dark green leaves. H 30in (75cm),
6in (15cm) across, with lemon-yellow R. ‘Fortune’s Double Yellow’. See to rose-pink in the center, 3½in (9cm) S 2ft (60cm). Bears lightly fruit-scented,
centers, are borne freely from summer– R. x odorata ‘Pseudindica’. across. Z5–11 high-centered, fully double, primrose-
fall. Z6–9 R. for your eyes only (‘Cheweyesup’) R. ‘Geranium’. See R. moyesii yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across, from
R. elle (‘Meibdéros’). Strong-growing illus. p.178. ‘Geranium’. summer–fall. Z6–9
Hybrid Tea with dark, shiny, healthy R. fourth of July (‘Wekroalt’), syn. R. R. GertruDe Jekyll (‘Ausbord’) illus. R. ‘Great Maiden’s Blush’. See
leaves. H 4½ft (1.3m), S 32in (80cm). Fully Crazy For you, illus. p.179. p.175. R. ‘Maiden’s Blush’.
double, high-centered, very sweet-scented, R. fraGrant clouD. See. R. duFtwolke R. ‘Ghislaine de Féligonde’. Free- R. ‘Gruß an Aachen’. Vigorous
pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with pale (‘Tanellis’). branching Shrub or Rambler with glossy, Floribunda with leathery, dark green
peach petal-backs, are borne, usually R. ‘Francis E. Lester’. Vigorous, mid-green leaves and smooth stems. H and foliage. H and S 30in (75cm). Rounded,
singly, on long stems. Repeats well. Z5–10 arching Rambler with glossy, dark green S 8ft (2.5m) Bears large clusters of cupped, fully double, scented, pale pink to creamy
R. ‘Emily Gray’ illus. p.187. foliage. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Large double, scented, pale apricot flowers, 2in white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
R. ‘Empereur du Maroc’. Compact, clusters of cupped, single, fragrant, apple (5cm) across, in early summer, with a few from summer–fall. Z4–9
shrubby Hybrid Perpetual rose with dark blossom-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, pink flowers borne later. Z5–11 R. ‘Gruß an Teplitz’. Vigorous China
green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears are borne freely in summer. Z4–9 R. ‘Gipsy Boy’. See R. ‘Zigeunerknabe’. rose with small, mid-green leaves. H 6ft
intensely fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully R. ‘François Juranville’. Vigorous, R. glauca, syn. R. rubrifolia (illus. p.176). (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Cupped, loosely double,
double, velvety maroon-crimson flowers, arching Rambler. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Vigorous, arching Species rose with scented, bright scarlet-crimson flowers,
4in (10cm) across, freely in a single flush in Bears clusters of apple-scented, rosette, attractive plum-purple foliage and reddish 2½in (6cm) across, usually in clusters, are
summer, sparsely in fall. Z6–9 fully double, light copper-pink flowers, 3in green stems. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Flat, borne continuously. Z6–11
R. escapaDe (‘Harpade’). Dense, (8cm) across, in summer, and occasionally single, pale-centered, cerise-pink flowers, R. ‘Guinée’ illus. p.186.
vigorous Floribunda with glossy, light thereafter. Produces a mass of small, ¾in (2cm) across, with gold stamens, in R. hanDel (‘Macha’). Stiff, upright
green foliage. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). glossy dark green leaves. Z6–9 a single flush in summer, are followed by Climber with glossy, dark green leaves.
Fragrant, cupped, semidouble, lilac-pink R. ‘Frau Dagmar Hartopp’. See R. ‘Fru red hips in fall. Z3–8 H 10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Sweet-scented,
flowers with white eyes, 3in (8cm) across, Dagmar Hastrup’. R. ‘Gloire de Dijon’ illus. p.184. urn-shaped, double, cream flowers, 3in
are borne freely from summer–fall. Z6–9 R. ‘Frau arl Druschki’. Hybrid Tea with R. ‘Gloire des Mousseuses’. Vigorous, (8cm) across, edged with pale crimson,
R. europeana. Healthy and vigorous strong stems and dark green leaves. H 5ft upright Moss rose with plentiful, light are borne in clusters in summer and again
Floribunda rose that repeats well with (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces high-centered, green foliage. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm). in fall. Z6–9
flowers that do not fade or brown in the fully double, milk-white flowers, 4½in In summer, bears fragrant, cupped to flat, R. ‘Hansa’. Vigorous Rugosa hybrid
sun. H and S 32in (80cm). Rosette-shaped, (11cm) across, from summer–fall. Z4–9 fully double flowers, 5in (12cm) across. with ferocious prickles and pale green,
glowing crimson flowers, 2½in (6cm) R. ‘Friesia’, syn. R. ‘Korresia’. Compact These are bright pink, paling to blush- crinkled leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
across, are profusely borne in large, flat- Floribunda rose with glossy, healthy, dark pink, with light green “mossing.” Z6–9 Long, elegant buds open into loose,
topped clusters. New leaves are beetroot green leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). R. GolD meDal (‘Aroyqueli’). Upright, crumpled-looking, semidouble flowers
red, aging to dark green. Z5–9 Bears open sprays of strongly scented, bushy Hybrid Tea with large, dark leaves. with a strong, sweet scent, 4in (10cm)
R. evelyn (‘Aussaucer’) illus. p.177. urn-shaped, double flowers, 3in (8cm) H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). High-centered, across, in small clusters, followed by large,
R. ‘Excelsa’. Lax Rambler with abundant across, with wavy, yellow petals, in later cupped, double, fruit-scented, long- vermilion hips. Flowers continuously
small glossy, mid-green leaves. H 12ft (4m), summer and again in fall. Z7–10 stemmed, yellow flowers, fading to cream throughout summer. Can be grown as a
S 10ft (3m). In late summer, produces with pink edges, 4½in (11cm) across, hedge. Z3–8
ROSA
R R. Heidetraum (‘Noatraum’), syn. R. ‘Just Joey’ illus. p.183. R. ‘Landora’, syn. R. ‘Sunblest’. Vigorous Pale crimson with white centers and
R. Flower Carpet, R. pink Flower Carpet, R. Karen blixen (‘Poulari’), syn. Hybrid Tea with glossy, mid-green leaves. occasional streaks of white, the flowers
690 illus. p.179. R. ‘Silver Anniversary’, illus. p.177 H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). From summer–fall, are borne almost constantly. Z5–9
R. ‘Henri Martin’ illus. p.175. R. ‘Kathleen Harrop’. Bourbon rose, freely produces pointed buds that open to R. loving memory. See R. burGund ‘81
R. Heritage (‘Ausblush’). Shrub rose a slightly less vigorous sport of R.Zéphirine cupped, double yellow flowers, 4½in (11cm) (‘Korgund’).
with long, lax, almost prickle-free stems Drouhin’. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Bears across, that keep their color well. R. ‘Madame Alfred Carrière’ illus.
and large, dark green, glossy leaves. sweetly scented, cupped, double, rose-pink Z5–9 p.184.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Flowers are globular, flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with darker backs R. laura ford (‘Chewarvel’) illus. R. ‘Madame A. Meilland’, syn. R.
pale salmon-pink at the center and cream and fewer petals than its parent. Z6–9 p.187. ‘Peace’, illus. p.182.
or white toward the outside, 3½in (9cm) R. Kent (‘Poulcov’) illus. p. 177. R. lavender dream (‘Interlav’) illus. R. ‘Madame Boll’, syn. R. ‘Comte de
across, with a strong, sweet scent, and R. ‘Kew Rambler’. Vigorous Rambler p.181. Chambord’ of gardens, R. ‘Madame
borne in clusters; repeats well. Z5–10 with mid-green leaves. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft R. ‘Lavender Lassie’. Vigorous, free- Knorr’. Bushy, leafy, vigorous Portland
R. ‘Hermosa’. Neat China rose with thin (4m). Large clusters of musk-scented, branching Hybrid Musk rose with semi- rose with mid-green foliage. H 4ft (1.2m),
branches and delicate, light green leaves. cupped, single, scented pink flowers, 1½in glossy, mid-green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft S 3ft (1m). From summer–fall, bears
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Rounded, double, (4cm) across, each with a white eye and (1.2m). Produces clusters of cupped to flat, cupped, fully double flowers, roughly
scented, rose-pink flowers with a hint of yellow stamens, are borne in summer, double, fragrant, pale lavender-pink quartered at the center, very sweetly
lilac, 3in (7cm) across, borne freely from followed by orange hips. Z5–9 flowers, 3in (7cm) across, continuously. fragrant, rich deep pink with paler pink
summer–fall. Z6–9 R. KnoCK out (‘Radrazz’) illus. p.180. Z6–10 edges, 4in (10cm) across. Z6–10
R. ‘Honorine de Brabant’. Vigorous, R. ‘Königin von Dänemark’, syn. R. ‘Léda’. Lax Damask with prickly stems R. ‘Madame Caroline Testout’.
bushy, sprawling Bourbon rose with R. ‘Queen of Denmark’. Vigorous, compact, and large green leaves. H and S 3ft (1m). Vigorous, branching Hybrid Tea with
plentiful, light green foliage. H and S 5½ft Alba rose with glaucous, dark green In summer, produces rosette-shaped, fully large prickles and large, mid-green
(1.7m). Fragrant, cupped, double flowers, leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Clusters double, fragrant, carmine-tipped white leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). Bears
2½in (6cm) across, light rose-pink, marked of scented, quartered-rosette, fully double, flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with button rounded, double, scented, silvery pink
with irregular crimson stripes and slashes, deep pink flowers, 3½in centers. Z5–9 flowers, 4½in (11cm) across, with
are produced from summer–fall. Z6–9 (9cm) across, with pink button eyes, are R. léonard de vinCi (‘Meideauri’). darker pink petal-backs, from summer–
R. Hot CHoColate. See R. Hot CoCoa borne in a single flush in summer. Z3–8 Bushy, healthy Shrub rose with dark, glossy fall. Z6–9.
(‘Wekpaltlez’). R. Kordes robusta (‘Korgosa’), syn. leaves. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces clusters R. ‘Madame Grégoire Staechelin’, syn.
R. Hot CoCoa (‘Wekpaltlez’), syn. R. ‘Robusta’. Vigorous, stiff-growing of cupped, rosette-shaped, occasionally R. ‘Spanish Beauty’, illus. p.185.
R. Hot CHoColate. Prickly, upright Rugosa with very prickly stems and quartered, fully double, rich pink flowers, R. ‘Madame Hardy’ illus. p.172.
Floribunda with semi-glossy, dark green wrinkly, bright green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), 3in (8cm) across, with dark pink reverses. R. ‘Madame Isaac Pereire’ illus. p.174.
leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). In summer– S 3ft (1m). Clusters of cupped, single, Flowers almost continuously. Z6–10 R. ‘Madame Knorr’. See R. ‘Madame
fall, repeatedly bears striking, cupped, glowing scarlet flowers, 2½in (6cm) R. ‘Leverkusen’. Vigorous, arching Boll’.
double, orange-brown flowers, 3in (7cm) across, are produced from summer–fall. H6 Climber with glossy, deep green leaves. R. ‘Madame Pierre Oger’. Lax Bourbon
across. Z6–9 R. ‘Korresia’. See R. ‘Friesia’. H 10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Clusters of lightly rose, a sport of R. ‘Reine Victoria’. H 6ft
R. iCeberg. See R. SCHneewittCHen R. lady emma Hamilton scented, wide-opening, double, pale yellow (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has light green leaves.
(‘Korbin’). (‘Ausbrother’) illus. p.183. flowers, 3in (8cm) across, loosely rosette- In summer–fall, slender stems bear sweetly
R. ingrid bergman (‘Poulman’). R. ‘Lady Hillingdon’. Tea rose with dark shaped with ruffled petals, are borne from scented, cupped or bowl-shaped, double,
Upright, branching Hybrid Tea rose green leaves on twiggy, reddish-green summer–fall. Prune to maintain as a shrub. pale pink flowers with rose-lilac tints, 3in
with leathery, glossy, dark green foliage. stems. H and S 3ft (1m). Continuously bears Z5–9 (8cm) across. Grows well on a pillar. Z5–9
H 32in (80cm), S 26in (65cm). Produces tea-scented, elegant, pointed, double, rich R. ‘Lichtkönigin Lucia’. Modern R. ‘Madame Plantier’. Vigorous,
sweetly scented, urn-shaped, double, apricot-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across. Climber with glossy, mid-green leaves. arching shrub, sometimes trained as a
Turkey-red flowers, 41∕2in (11cm) across, Best in full sun. Z5–9. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). From summer–fall, climber, with smooth stems and pale green
from summer–fall. Z6–9 R. lady marmalade (‘Hartiger’). bears clusters of sweet-scented, lightly leaves. H and S to 20ft (6m) on a support;
R. intrigue (‘Jacum’) illus. p.180. Modern Floribunda rose with prickly stems cupped, rich chrome-yellow flowers, 3½in H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m) grown as a shrub.
R. ‘Irish Gold’. See R. ‘Grandpa and dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (9cm) across, with red tips and deep gold In midsummer, bears large clusters of
Dickson’. (80cm). Sweet-scented, double flowers, stamens. Z6–10 cupped, rosette-shaped, fully double,
R. ‘Ispahan’. Vigorous, bushy, dense cupped at first then opening almost flat, 4in R. lilli marleen (‘Korlima’) illus. musk-scented white flowers, 3in (7cm)
Damask rose with semievergreen, gray- (10cm) across, are pale orange with hints p.181. across. Z6–9
green foliage. H 6ft (2m), S 5½ft (1.7m). of yellow, apricot, and pink, and borne R. lions-rose (‘Korvanaber’), syn. R. ‘Maiden’s Blush’, syn. R. ‘Great
In early to midsummer, bears fragrant, continuously. Z5–9 R. ‘Champagne Moment’, illus. p.177. Maiden’s Blush’, illus. p.173.
cupped, double, clear mid-pink flowers R. lady of sHalott (‘Ausnyson’). R. little rambler (‘Chewramb’). R. ‘Maigold’ illus. p.187.
(with a button eye), 3in (8cm) across. Z6–9 Healthy “English” Shrub rose bearing Climbing Miniature, repeat-flowering rose R. mainaufeuer (‘Kortemma’), syn.
R. JaCqueline du Pré (‘Harwanna’) cupped, fully double, fruit-scented, orange with small, dark green leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), R. ‘Chilterns’, R. ‘Red Ribbons’. Vigorous,
illus. p.172. flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with yellow S 7ft (2.2m). Produces tight clusters of spreading ground-cover rose with
R. ‘Jacques Cartier’. See R. ‘Marchesa petal-backs, singly or in clusters. Repeats strongly sweet-scented, rosette-shaped, glossy, dark green foliage. H 30in (75cm),
Boccella’. well. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Z5–9 double, blush-pink flowers, 1½in (4cm) S 7ft (2.2m). Cupped to flat, semidouble,
R. Jasmina (‘Korcentex’) illus. p.186. R. ‘la franCe’ illus. p.179. across, fading to white, from summer–fall. lightly scented, bright blood-red flowers,
R. ‘Jenny Duval’. See R. ‘Président de R. l’aimant (‘Harzola’). Vigorous Z6–9 2½in (6cm) across, are borne from
Sèze’. Floribunda rose with dark green foliage. R. ‘Little White Pet’. See R. ‘White Pet’. summer–fall. Z4–10
R. ‘Joie de Vivre’. See R. Garden oF H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). Strongly fragrant, R. ‘Louise Odier’. Elegant, upright R. mainzer fastnaCHt (‘Tannacht’).
roSeS. cupped, double, wavy, pale pink flowers Bourbon rose with mid-green foliage. H 6ft syn. R. ‘Blue Moon’. Vigorous Hybrid Tea.
R. ‘Joseph’s Coat’. Vigorous, branching with salmon-pink centers, 31∕2in (9cm) (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces very fragrant, H 3ft (1m), S 28in (70cm). Bears high-
Climber or Shrub rose with dark green across, are borne from summer–fall. Good rosette-shaped, fully double, rich pink centered, fully double, very fragrant, lilac-
leaves. H 10ft (3m), S 4ft (1.2m) as a climber for bedding and cutting. Z6–9 flowers, 3in (7cm) across, from summer– mauve flowers, 4in (10cm) across, from
or 3ft (1m) as a shrub. Showy clusters R. la sévillana (‘Meigekanu’). Dense, fall. Good in dry climates. Z6–9 summer–fall. Z5–10
of urn-shaped to cupped, semidouble, bushy Floribunda rose with abundant, dark R. love (‘Jactwin’). Vigorous, healthy R. manou meilland (‘Meitulimon’).
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, suffused green leaves. H 41∕2ft (1.3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Hybrid Tea with dark leaves, large prickles, Fast-growing, shapely Floribunda with
orange-pink and red, are borne from Clusters of faintly scented, cupped, double, purplish stems and crimson new growths. healthy, glossy leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 32in
summer–fall. Z6–10 brilliant, geranium-red flowers, 3in (8cm) H 5½ft (1.7m), S 4½ft (1.3m). High-centered, (80cm). Bears clusters of cupped, double,
R. Julia CHild (‘Wekvossutono’), syn. across, are borne freely in summer. Will double, cherry-red flowers, 4½in (11cm) rich pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
R. abSolutely FabulouS, illus. p.182. flower again in fall if deadheaded, or across, with contrasting white backs, and silver-pink reverses and ruffled petals.
R. ‘Julia’s Rose’. Spindly, branching produce bright red hips if not. Z6–9 reflexed petals, are borne usually singly Repeats well. Z6–10
Hybrid Tea rose with reddish-green leaves. R. ‘Lamarque’. Vigorous Noisette with from summer–fall. Z5–9 R. many HaPPy returns (‘Harwanted’)
H 30in (75cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). In summer– smooth stems and bright green leaves. R. lovestruCK (‘Dicommatic’). A new illus. p.178.
fall, produces faintly scented, high- H 15ft (5m), S 8ft (2.5m). From summer–fall, Floribunda bush rose with dark green R. ‘Marchesa Boccella’, syn.
centered, double, brownish-pink to buff fragrant, flat, quartered rosette, fully leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 3ft (1m). Lightly R. ‘Jacques Cartier’. Upright, narrow,
flowers, 4in (10cm) across. Good for double, cream-colored flowers, 3in (7cm) scented, double, high-centered flowers, compact, hardy, Portland rose suitable
flower arrangements. Z7–10 across, that fade to white, are borne on 4in (10cm) across, are borne in clusters. for cold climates. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
nodding stems. Z7–11 Produces pale green leaves with long
ROSA
narrow leaflets and strongly sweet-scented, lightly scented, flat, single, pink, blood-red, R. olivia rose austin (‘Ausmixture’) fading quickly to white, from summer– R
deep rose-pink flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, or crimson flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with illus. p.174. fall. Z6–9
with a neat button eye, singly or in pale yellow stamens, are borne on short R. omeiensis f. pteracantha. See R. R. Pierre de ronsard (‘Meiviolin’), 691
clusters. Repeats from summer to late fall. stems. Produces large and long, flagon- sericea subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha. syn. R. ‘Eden Rose ’88’. Stiffly branching
Z4–9 shaped, red hips in fall. Z6–9. R. ‘Ophelia’. Upright, open Hybrid Tea Climber with tough, shiny, dark green
R. ‘Maréchal Niel’. Vigorous, spreading ‘Geranium’ (syn. R. ‘Geranium’; illus. rose with dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m), leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m). Bears
Noisette or Climbing rose. H 15ft (5m), p.176), H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m), has bright S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, produces rounded, fully double, lightly scented,
S 8ft (2.5m). Pendent stems bear large, geranium-red flowers followed by large highly fragrant, urn-shaped, double, pendulous, pale pink flowers often with
pale green leaves and tea-scented, high- and long, red hips. creamy pale pink flowers, 4in (10cm) darker centers, 4½in (11cm) across, from
centered, double, buff-yellow flowers R. ‘Mozart’. Healthy, vigorous, bushy across, singly or in clusters. Z6–9 summer–fall. Best in hot, dry climates.
with hints of apricot and lemon, 4in (10cm) Hybrid Musk with large, pale green leaves. R. oranges ‘n’ leMons (‘Macoranlem’) Z5–10
across, in late spring. Best under glass in H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Clusters of 20–50 illus. p.183. R. pimpinellifolia. See R. spinosissima.
cool climates. Z5–10 single, sweet- and musk-scented, pink R. PaPa Meilland (‘Meisar’). Hybrid R. Pink FloWer carPet. See R.
R. Margaret Merril (‘Harkuly’) illus. flowers, 1¼in (3cm) across, with white Tea with prickly stems. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft heideTRaum (‘Noatraum’).
p.177. centers and prominent yellow stamens, (60cm). High-centered, fully double, very R. ‘Pink Grootendorst’. Upright, bushy,
R. ‘Marguerite Hilling’, syn. R. ‘Pink are borne continuously, followed by small fragrant, dark velvet-crimson flowers, 5in very prickly Shrub rose with rough, pale
Nevada’, illus. p.173. orange hips. Z5–10 (12cm) across, are borne on long stems green leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
R. Mariandel (‘orpeahn’), syn. R. ‘Mrs. John Laing’ illus. p.174. from summer–fall. Z7–11 Sprays of scentless, double flowers, 2in
R. The Times Rose, illus. p.180. R. ‘Mrs. Oakley Fisher’. Hybrid Tea R. ‘Parson’s Pink. See R. x odorata (5cm) across, have clear pink petals with
R. ‘Marie Pavié’. Vigorous, compact, with bronze-green foliage, crimson when ‘Pallida’. crimped edges, and are borne in summer
smooth-stemmed Polyantha with bright young. H and S 3ft (1m). Repeatedly bears R. ‘Parson’s Pink China’. See R. x and again in fall. Z6–9
green leaves. H 2ft (60cm), S 30in (75cm). cupped to flat, single, scented apricot odorata ‘Pallida’. R. ‘Pink Nevada’. See R. ‘Marguerite
Spacious clusters of rosette-shaped, flowers with crimson filaments, 3in (7cm) R. Pascali (‘Lenip’). Upright Hilling’.
semidouble, musk-scented, pure white across, fading to pale buff with age. Z7–11 Hybrid Tea rose with deep green leaves. R. Pink PerFection. See R. BeveRly
flowers (from pale pink buds), 2in (5cm) R. mundi. See R. gallica ‘Versicolor’. H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm). Neat, urn- (‘Korpauvio’).
across, are borne from summer–fall. Z4–10 R. Munstead Wood (‘Ausbernard’). shaped ivory buds open to fully double, R. ‘Pink Perpétué’ illus. p.179.
R. ‘Martin Frobisher’. Upright, super- Sturdy “English” Shrub rose with mid- pure white flowers, 5in (12cm) across, R. ‘Pompon de Paris’, syn. R. chinensis
hardy, vigorous, smooth-stemmed Rugosa green leaves, red-bronze when young. with a light, sweet scent, from summer– var. minima, R. ‘Rouletii’. Compact
rose with gray-green leaves and long H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears cupped, fall. Z6–9 Miniature rose with many small, neat,
slender stems. H 5½ft (1.7m), S 3ft (1m). fully double, richly scented, deep crimson R. Pat austin (‘Ausmum’). Bushy mid-green leaves on zig-zag stems. H and
Clusters of imbricated (often with a button flowers, 4in (10cm) across, usually solitary Shrub rose with matte, mid-green leaves. S 8in (20cm). Freely produces cupped,
eye), scented, milky-pink flowers, 2½in and sometimes in clusters. Repeat- H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In summer–fall, double, deep pink flowers, 3∕4in (2cm)
(6cm) across, with white petal-backs, are flowering. Z5–10 produces strongly fruit-scented, cupped, across, from summer–fall. Z6–9
borne from summer–fall. Z2–9 R. ‘Mutabilis’ illus. p.174. fully double, rich orange flowers with R. ‘Président de Sèze’, syn. R. ‘Jenny
R. Mary rose (‘Ausmary’). Shrub rose R. ‘Nevada’ illus. p.173. some red veining on petals, 5in (12cm) Duval’. Vigorous, rather open Gallica rose
with an open, loose habit and mid-green R. ‘New Dawn’ illus. p.185. across, that fade to peach. Z6–9 with pale green leaves. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces R. ‘Noisette Carnée’, syn. R. ‘Blush R. ‘Paul Neyron’. Vigorous, upright Bears fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully
myrrh-scented, cupped, fully double, rose- Noisette’. Very free-flowering, Noisette rose Hybrid Perpetual with olive-green leaves. double, cherry-crimson flowers fading to
pink flowers, 31∕2in (9cm) across, over a of branching habit with matte green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Cupped, later lilac, mauve, and gray, 4in (10cm) across,
long period from summer–fall. Z6–9 H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Smooth stems rosette-shaped, fully double, lightly in summer. Z6–9
R. ‘Mermaid’ illus. p.187. bear clusters of strongly scented, cupped, scented flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, with R. primula (Incense rose). Erect to
R. ‘Mister Lincoln’. Hybrid Tea of double, lilac-pink flowers fading almost to ruffled, lilac-tinged, deep pink petals with arching Species rose with aromatic,
upright habit with dark red young foliage. white, 2in (5cm) across, from summer–fall. silvery backs, are borne repeatedly. Z4–9 incense-scented leaves. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft
H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears high- May be grown as a shrub. Z3–8 R. ‘Paul’s Himalayan Musk’. Very (2m). Produces scented, cupped, single,
centered to cupped, fully double, fragrant, R. nostalgie (‘Taneiglat’) illus. p.179. vigorous Rambler with prickly, trailing pale primrose-yellow flowers, 1¼in (3cm)
dark velvety red flowers, 5½in (14cm) R. ‘Nozomi’. Creeping, groundcover rose shoots and drooping leaves. H and S 30ft across, in late spring. May die back a little
across, from summer–fall. Z5–9 with small, dark green leaves. H 1½ft (10m). Large clusters of musk-scented, in hard winters. Z4–9
R. Molineux (‘Ausmol’). Upright, bushy (45cm), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears slightly scented, rosette, double, lilac-pink flowers, 1¼in R. Princess alexandra oF kent
“English” Shrub rose with shiny, dark green flat, single, pale pink-white flowers, 1in (3cm) across, are freely borne in late (‘Ausmerchant’). Bushy, leafy, healthy
foliage. H and S 3ft (1m). Clusters of fruit- (2.5cm) across, close to stems in a single summer. Suitable for growing up a large “English” Shrub rose. H 3ft (1m), S 32in
scented, cupped to flat, double, golden- flush in summer. May be trained up a tree or in a wild garden. Z6–9 (80cm). Large, fully double flowers, 4½in
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, fading to pillar. Z5–9 R. ‘Paul’s Lemon Pillar’ illus. p.184. (11cm) across, are rounded at first,
cream at the edges, are borne in summer R. ‘Nuits de Young’. Erect Moss rose R. ‘Paul’s Scarlet Climber’. Vigorous opening to a rough rosette of mid-pink
and again in fall. Z6–9 with bristly, wiry stems and small, dark Climber with dense, semi-glossy, mid- outer petals, with raspberry-pink petals
R. MoMent in tiMe (‘Korcastrav’). green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In green foliage. H and S 10ft (3m). Clusters around the center. Flowers are borne on
Short, sturdy, healthy Floribunda rose. summer, bears slightly scented, double, of cupped, double, bright red flowers, upright stems, singly or in clusters from
H 2ft (60cm), S 16in (40cm). Bears clusters flat, dark crimson-purple flowers, 1½in 3in (8cm) across, are borne freely in early summer–fall. Z4–11
of cupped, later flat, semidouble, bright (4cm) across, with occasional white flecks summer, a few later in the season. Z5–9 R. Princess anne (‘Auskitchen’) illus.
red flowers, 2½in (6cm) across. Repeat- and with golden-yellow stamens. Z3–8 R. ‘Peace’. See R. ‘Madame A. Meilland’. p.180.
flowering. Z5–9 R. x odorata ‘Pallida’, syn. R. ‘Old Blush R. ‘Peaudouce’. See R. elina (‘Dicjana’). R. Princess oF Wales (‘Hardinkum’).
R. ‘Moonlight’. Hybrid Musk of open China’, R. ‘Parson’s Pink’, R. ‘Parson’s Pink R. ‘Penelope’ illus. p.172. Delicate, compact Floribunda rose with
habit with reddish green stems and leaves. China’, illus. p.174. ‘Pseudindica’ (syn. R. Penny lane (‘Hardwell’) illus. p.186. dark green leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft
H and S 5½ft (1.7m). Spacious clusters of R. ‘Fortune’s Double Yellow’) is a lax R. ‘Perle d’Or’. China rose that forms a (60cm). Bears tight clusters of scented,
semidouble, lightly cupped, scented, creamy Climber of restrained growth, with glossy, twiggy, leafy, small shrub with healthy, cupped, fully double, pure white blooms,
white flowers, 1¾in (4.5cm) across, are light green leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). small, dark green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft 3in (7cm) across, from summer–fall. Z6–9
borne from summer–fall. Z6–10 In summer, bears small clusters of scented, (1m). Small, slightly scented, urn-shaped, R. Princesse de Monaco
R. Mountbatten (‘Harmantelle’) illus. pointed to cupped, semidouble, copper- fully double, apricot-pink flowers, 11∕2in (‘Meimagarmic’). Healthy, upright
p.182. suffused, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across. (4cm) across, fading to mother-of-pearl Hybrid Tea with glossy, dark green leaves.
R. ‘Mousseline’, syn. R. ‘Alfred de Prune very lightly. Needs a hot summer to from the outside, with darker petal-backs, H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). Lightly fruit-
Dalmas’ of gardens. Bushy Moss rose with ripen the wood. Z4–9 are borne from summer–fall. Z6–9 scented flowers, 5in (13cm) across, with
twiggy growth and matte green leaves. R. officinalis. See R. gallica var. officinalis. R. ‘Persian Yellow’. See R. foetida creamy white petals with a pink edge, are
H and S 3ft (1m). Mainly in summer, bears R. ‘Oklahoma’. Outsize Hybrid Tea with ‘Persiana’. borne singly on fairly long stems, and are
scented, cupped, fully double, blush-pink large, mid-green leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 4½ft R. ‘Phyllis Bide’. Bushy Climber that can repeat-flowering. Z5–9
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with light (1.3m). High-centered, later cupped, double, be pruned as a shrub, with small, glossy, R. ‘Prosperity’. Dense, arching Hybrid
mossing. Z6–9 sweet-scented, velvety dark crimson flowers, mid-green leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Musk with many dark green leaves. H 5ft
R. moyesii. Vigorous, arching Species 5in (13cm) across, are usually borne singly Bears clusters of flat, rosette-shaped, (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Continuously produces
rose with impressive prickles and long, on long, stiff stems. Repeats well. Z4–10 double flowers, 2in (5cm) across, pale large clusters of rosette-shaped, double,
dark green leaves, comprising many R. ‘Old Blush China’. See R. x odorata yellow with apricot petal-backs, scented, creamy white flowers, 2in (5cm)
leaflets. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). In summer, ‘Pallida’.
ROSA
R across, flushed pale pink with golden with up to 7–11 leaflets. H and S 6ft (2m). bushy Floribunda rose with dark green R. SPecial anniverSary (‘Whastiluc’).
stamens. Z6–10 Produces solitary, rosette-shaped, double, leaves. H 28in (70cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears Vigorous, upright, Hybrid Tea with glossy,
692 R. PurPle eden. See R. Ebb TidE lilac-pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, from clusters of slightly scented, flat, showy, dark green leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 2ft
(‘Weksmopur’). summer to late fall, followed by very camellialike, fully double, creamy pink (60cm). Dark pink flowers open out to
R. ‘Queen Elizabeth’. See R. ‘The Queen prickly hips, which remain green until flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with imbricated reveal a pretty muddle of petals reminiscent
Elizabeth Rose’. they fall off in late summer. Z5–9 petals, in summer and again in fall. of an “English” rose. They are borne singly
R. ‘Queen of Denmark’. See R. ‘Königin R. royal william. See R. dufTzAubEr ’84 Z5–9 or, especially in fall, in clusters. Z5–11
von Dänemark’. (‘Korzaun’). R. Sheila’S Perfume (‘Harsherry’). R. ‘Spectacular’. See R. ‘Danse du Feu’.
R. ‘Queen of Hearts’. See R. ‘Dame du R. rubiginosa, syn. R. eglanteria Upright Floribunda rose with glossy, R. spinosissima, syn. R. pimpinellifolia
Coeur’. (Eglantine, Sweet briar; illus. p.176). reddish foliage. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (Burnet rose, Scotch rose). Dense,
R. Queen of Sweden (‘Austiger’). Vigorous, arching, Species rose with (60cm). Fragrant, urn-shaped, double, spreading Species rose with masses of
Upright, healthy “English” Shrub rose large prickles and apple-scented foliage. buff-yellow flowers, 31∕2in (9cm) across, prickles and small, dark green leaves.
with dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 32in H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears cupped, single, edged with red, fading to pink and white, H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears a single flush
(80cm). Bears myrrh-scented, cup-shaped rose-pink flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, in are borne singly or in clusters from of lightly cupped, creamy-white flowers,
flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, with circles of a single flush in summer, followed by red summer–fall. Z5–9 1½in (4cm) across, usually in late spring,
petals, peachy-pink, fading to rose-pink, hips in fall. Z3–8 R. ShockinG blue (‘Korblue’). Vigorous followed by black hips. Z3-9. ‘Plena’
that open out into a quartered rosette. R. rubrifolia. See R. glauca. Floribunda rose with dark green foliage. bears cupped, double, creamy-white
Flowers are borne in clusters, sometimes R. rugosa (illus. p.176). Vigorous, dense H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, flowers, with a lily-of-the-valley scent.
singly, almost continuously. Z5–11 Species rose with prickly stems and bears fragrant, pointed, well-formed, fully R. ‘Stanwell Perpetual’. Scots rose of
R. rachel. See R. AugusTA LuisE wrinkled leaves. H and S 3–8ft (1–2.5m). double, lilac-purple flowers with crimson arching, twiggy habit, with prickly stems
(‘Tangust’). Bears cupped, single, magenta-pink edges, 4in (10cm) across, singly or in and fernlike, dark grayish green leaves.
R. ‘Rambling Rector’ illus. p.184. flowers, 3in (8cm) across, from summer– clusters. Z5–9 H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Loosely formed,
R. ‘Raubritter’ illus. p.186. fall, followed by large, red hips. Z3–9. R. ‘Silver Anniversary’. See R. ArEn cupped, fully double, sweetly scented,
R. ‘Red Ribbons’. See R. MAinAufEuEr. ‘Alba’ is a white sport. bLixEn (‘Poulari’). shell-pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, fading
R. ‘Reine des Violettes’. Arching, R. ‘Sally Holmes’ illus. p.173. R. ‘Silver Jubilee’. Dense, upright to white, are borne singly on short stems
vigorous Hybrid Perpetual rose with R. ‘Sander’s White Rambler’. Vigorous Hybrid Tea rose with abundant, glossy from summer–fall. Z3–9
smooth stems and mid-green leaves. H 5ft Rambler of lax growth with plentiful, foliage. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears R. Strawberry hill (‘Ausrimini’) illus.
(1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Fragrant, quartered- small, glossy leaves. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft slightly scented, high-centered, fully p.174.
rosette, fully double, violet-purple flowers, (2.5m). Fragrant, cup-shaped, semidouble, double, rose-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) R. Summer SonG (‘Austango’) illus. p.177.
4in (10cm) across, fading to lilac-mauve, white flowers, 11∕4in (3cm) across, are across, flushed with peach and red, very R. Summer wine (‘Korizont’) illus. p.187.
are borne from summer–fall. May be borne in clusters in late summer. freely in summer and again in fall. Z6–9 R. ‘Sunblest’. See R. ‘Landora’.
grown on a support. Z6–9 R. ‘Sarah van Fleet’. Vigorous, erect to R. ‘Sombreuil’. Vigorous, free-branching, R. Sunny Sky (‘Koraruli’). Hybrid Tea
R. ‘Reine Victoria’ illus. p.173. arching Rugosa rose with wrinkled, pale climbing Tea rose with dark green leaves. rose with large, dark leaves. H 3ft (1m),
R. remember me (‘Cocdestin’) illus. green leaves. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Very H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m). Flat, quartered- S 32in (80cm). Bears mid-yellow flowers
p.183. fragrant, cupped, semidouble, clear light rosette, double, strongly fragrant, creamy that fade to cream as they open, 4in (10cm)
R. ‘Rêve d’Or’ illus. p.182. pink, sometimes mauve-pink flowers, 3in white flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, are across, with a fresh, fruity scent, singly or
R. rhaPSody in blue (‘Frantasia’) illus. (8cm) across, showing yellow stamens, are borne continuously. Best in dry, warm in clusters almost continuously. Z6–10
p.175. borne from summer–fall. Z4–11 weather. Z6–11 R. ‘Surrey’. See R. soMMErwind
R. roald dahl (‘Ausowlish’). Vigorous R. Scent from heaven R. Sommerwind (‘Korlanum’), syn. (‘Korlanum’).
“English” Shrub rose, forming a leafy shrub (‘Chewbabaluv’). Vigorous, handsome, R. ‘Surrey’. Vigorous, mound-forming R. Sweet dream (‘Fryminicot’) illus.
with only a few prickles. H 4½ft (1.4m), large-flowered Climber with a fair number groundcover rose with abundant dark p.179.
S 3ft (1m). Bears pale orange or peach- of prickles and dark green leaves. H 12ft green foliage. H 32in (80cm), S 4ft (1.2m). R. Sylvia (‘Korlift’), syn. R.
colored flowers from red buds (paler (4m), S 6ft (2m). Produces sweet-scented, Clusters of cupped, semidouble, pale pink CongrATuLATions. Tall, vigorous Hybrid Tea
toward the outside), cupped, then opening orange, medium-double flowers that fade flowers, fading to pale pink, 2½in (6cm) with large, semi-glossy, mid-green leaves.
to roughly quartered rosettes, 3in (8cm) to salmon-pink, 4in (10cm) across, with a across, are borne continuously and H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Continuously bears
across, with a fruity, spicy scent. Flowers yellow patch around the stamens. Blooms profusely along the stems. Z4–10 neatly formed, urn-shaped, fully double,
are borne abundantly and repeatedly in are borne in clusters like a Floribunda, in R. ‘Sophie’s Perpetual’. Healthy China sweet-scented, rose-pink flowers, 4½in
clusters. Z5–11 flushes from summer–fall. Z6–9 rose with dark green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), (11cm) across, on long stems. Z5–9
R. ‘Robin Hood’. Healthy, vigorous R. Scentimental (‘Wekplapep’). S 4½ft (1.3m). Bears short-stemmed R. ‘Sympathie’ illus. p.186.
Hybrid Musk rose with wrinkly, mid-green Shapely, healthy Floribunda with slightly clusters of high-centered (later cupped), R. teaSinG GeorGia (‘Ausbaker’) illus.
leaves, slender leaflets, and prickly stems. ridged leaves. H 4½ft (1.3m), S 3ft (1m). double, tea-scented flowers, 3in (7cm) p.176.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears clusters of Produces clusters of very cupped, double across, mauve-pink at first, darkening to R. teSS of the d’urbervilleS
15–100 lightly cupped, semidouble, bright and fully double, strongly scented flowers, crimson from the outside, and contrasting (‘Ausmove’). Slightly lax, arching, prickly
cherry-red flowers, 1¼in (3cm) across, 5in (12cm) across, irregularly striped with the paler inner petals. Constantly in Shrub rose with mid-green leaves. H 6ft
with white centers and golden stamens. crimson-and-white. Repeats well. Z4–9 flower. Prune lightly. Z7–10 (1.8m), S 5ft (1.5m). In summer–fall,
Repeats well. Z6–9 R. ScePter’d iSle (‘Ausland’). Vigorous, R. SoPhy’S roSe (‘Auslot’). Neat, bushy, repeatedly bears scented, quartered-
R. ‘Robusta’. See. R. KordEs robusTA upright “English” Shrub rose with dark healthy “English” Shrub rose producing rosette, crimson flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
(‘Korgosa’). green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4½ft (1.3m). mid-green leaves with slender leaflets. that may fade a little with sun and age.
R. ‘Rose de Rescht’. Neat, compact In summer and again in fall, produces H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). Produces rosette- Z4–11
Portland rose with densely leafy stems clusters of myrrh-scented, cupped, fully shaped, fully double, musk and tea-scented, R. ‘The Fairy’ illus. p.178.
bearing mid-green leaves. H 3ft (1m),S 30in double, rose-pink flowers, 4½in (11cm) pale crimson flowers, sometimes with a R. ‘The New Dawn’. See R. ‘New Dawn’.
(75cm). Produces tight clusters of rosette- across, eventually opening to show yellow button eye, 4in (10cm) across. Repeats R. the PilGrim (‘Auswalker’) illus.
shaped, fully double, sweet-scented, pale stamens. Z6–9 well. Z5–9 p.176.
crimson flowers, often with a button eye, R. Schneewittchen (‘Korbin’), syn. R. ‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’. Slow- R. the Poet’S wife (‘Auswhisper’).
2½in (6cm) across, on short stems. Repeat- R. ‘Iceberg’, illus. p.177. growing Bourbon rose with large, dark Vigorous “English” Shrub rose with dark
flowering. Z4–9 R. ‘Schoolgirl’ illus. p.187. green leaves. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Sweet- green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).
R. roSe Gaujard (‘Gaumo’). Upright, R. ‘Sea Foam’ illus. p.178. scented, quartered-rosette, fully double Large, cupped, yellow flowers open to a
strong Hybrid Tea rose with plentiful R. ‘Seagull’ illus. p.177. flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are pale pink rosette, 4in (10cm) across, with a strong,
glossy foliage. H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). R. sericea subsp. omeiensis f. fading to white, and borne from summer– sweet, citrussy scent; outer petals are pale
Bears slightly scented, urn-shaped, double, pteracantha, syn. R. omeiensis f. fall. Rain spoils flowers. Best in a hot, dry yellow or cream. Flowers are borne on
cherry-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, pteracantha (illus. p.176). Stiff, upright, climate. Z6–9 erect, long stems singly or in clusters,
with white petal-backs, freely from vigorous Species rose with small, light R. ‘Souvenir du Docteur Jamain’. in flushes from summer–fall. Z4–11
summer–fall. H6 green leaves and large, red prickles on Arching Hybrid Perpetual with dark green R. ‘The Queen Elizabeth Rose’, syn
R. ‘Roseraie de l’Haÿ’ illus. p.175. new growth. H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). leaves. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Bears R. ‘Queen Elizabeth’, illus. p.178.
R. ‘Rouletii’. See R. ‘Pompon de Paris’. In summer, solitary, flat, white flowers, cupped, double, strongly fragrant, velvet- R. the timeS roSe. See R. MAriAndEL
R. roxburghii (Burr rose, Chestnut rose, 1–21∕2in (2.5–6cm) across, with only 4 petals, textured deep red flowers, 3½in (9cm) (‘Korpeahn’).
Chinquapin rose; illus. p.176). Compact, are borne briefly along the stems. Z5–9 across, from summer–fall. Z4–10 R. ‘Thérèse Bugnet’ illus. p.180.
bushy Species rose with flaky bark and R. Sexy rexy (‘Macrexy’). Compact, R. ‘Spanish Beauty’. See R. ‘Madame R. ‘Tiffany’. Vigorous Hybrid Tea bush
narrow, light to mid-green leaves, often Grégoire Staechelin’.
ROTHMANNIA
rose with long, strong stems and dark Low, spreading, Hybrid Tea rose with Vigorous, prickly Shrub rose of lanky plants may be cut back hard at same time.
green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). dark green leaves, bright bronze-crimson habit with dark green leaves. H 6ft (2m), Trim hedges after flowering. Propagate by
Strongly fragrant, pink flowers, 4¼in when young. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). S 4ft (1.2m). Scented, cupped to flat, double, semiripe cuttings in summer.
(11cm) across, have a yellow flush at the Fragrant, rounded, fully double, amber- dark sometimes mid-crimson flowers, R. lavandulaceus of gardens. See
center when fully open and are borne yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are 2½in (6cm) across, are borne in summer. R. officinalis Prostratus Group.
singly or in small clusters from summer– borne freely from summer–fall. Best in Z3–8 R. officinalis (Rosemary) illus.
fall. Z4–10 cool weather. Prune lightly. Z6–9 p.157. var. angustissimus ‘Benenden
R. ‘Tour de Malakoff’. Shrub rose of R. Whisky Mac. See R. Whisky (‘Tanky’). ROSCOEA Blue’ (syn. R.s. ‘Collingwood Ingram’) is
lax, open habit with large prickles and R. ‘White Pet’, syn. R. ‘Little White Pet’. an evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
small, smooth leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Dwarf, bushy, repeat-flowering sport of R. ZINGIBERACEAE S 4ft (1.2m). Produces aromatic, narrow,
In a single flush in summer, produces ‘Félicité Perpétue’. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 22in dark green leaves and whorls of tubular,
scented, cupped, double, purplish-magenta (55cm). Produces clusters of rosette- Genus of late summer- and early fall- 2-lipped, vivid blue flowers from mid-
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, fading to grayish shaped, fully double, blush-pink, fading to flowering, tuberous perennials, related to spring to early summer. ‘Collingwood
violet-lilac. Z5–9 white flowers, 1½in (4cm) across with a ginger, grown for their orchidlike flowers. Ingram’ see var. angustissimus ‘Benenden
R. tranquillity (‘Ausnoble’) illus. p.173. strong musky scent. Semievergreen leaves All species have a hooded, upper petal, Blue’. ‘Fastigiatus’ see ‘Miss Jessopp’s
R. ‘Tricolore de Flandre’. Vigorous, are dark green. Z5–10 a wide-lobed, lower lip and 2 narrower Upright’. ‘Miss Jessopp’s Upright’
upright Gallica rose with dark green leaves. R. ‘William Lobb’ illus. p.175. petals. Suits open borders, rock gardens (syn. ‘Fastigiatus’, f. pyramidalis), H and
H and S 3ft (1m). Very fragrant, cupped to R. WilliaM Morris (‘Auswill’). and woodland gardens. Fully to frost hardy. S 6ft (2m), is vigorous, with an upright
flat, double, pale-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) Shrub rose of lax growth with a few large Needs sun or partial shade and cool, well- habit; good for hedging. Prostratus
across, striped with crimson and fading to prickles and glossy, dark green foliage. drained, humus-rich soil that must be kept Group (syn. R. lavandulaceus of gardens),
white and purple, open in summer. Z5–9 H 5½ft (1.7m), S 4ft (1.2m). Fruit-scented, moist in summer. Top-dress with leaf mold H 6in (15cm), is prostrate and the least
R. troika (‘Poumidor’). Vigorous, dense rosette-shaped, pale apricot flowers, or well-rotted compost in winter. hardy form. f. pyramidalis see ‘Miss
Hybrid Tea rose with abundant, large, fading to pale pink, 3in (8cm) across, are Propagate by division in spring or by seed, Jessopp’s Upright’. ‘Severn Sea’, H 3ft
semi-glossy, dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m), borne in clusters. Repeats well. Z5–11 exposed to frost for best germination, in (1m), has an arching habit, and produces
S 30in (75cm). Fragrant, high-centered, R. WilliaM shakespeare 2000 fall or winter. bright blue flowers. ‘Sissinghurst
double, pale orange flowers with a red (‘Ausromeo’). Bushy Shrub rose with R. alpina. Herbaceous, creeping, tuberous Blue’, H 32in (80cm), is upright, with dark
edge, 5in (13cm) across, fading to dark mid-green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Bears 1–5 blue flowers. Z8–10
pink, are produced continuously. Z6–9 Bears strongly scented, quartered-rosette, deep purple, pink, or white flowers in
R. truMpeter (‘Mactru’). Neat, bushy fully double, crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) succession in summer, at the top of leafy ROSSIOGLOSSUM R
Floribunda rose with semi-glossy, deep across, in summer and again in fall. Z5–9 shoots. Produces 1–2 rather short, lance-
green leaves. H 2ft (60cm), S 20in (50cm). R. Winchester cathedral. Shrub rose shaped, mid-green leaves at flowering syn. LeMBoGLossUM
Produces many cupped, fully double, vivid of open habit, a white-flowered sport of time, increasing to 5–6 leaves, to 10in
scarlet flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, during R. Mary rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). (25cm) long. Requires a shady site. Z6–8 ORCHIDACEAE
summer–fall. Z6–9 Has mid-green leaves and myrrh-scented, R. auriculata illus. p.411.
R. ‘Tuscany Superb’. Vigorous, upright cupped, fully double, white flowers, 31∕2in R. australis. Summer-flowering, tuberous See also ORCHIDS.
Gallica rose with dull, mid-green leaves. (9cm) across, from summer–fall; sometimes perennial. H 10–16in (25–40cm) , S 10in R. grande, syn. Odontoglossum grande
H and S 3ft (1m). In summer, bears slightly reverts attractively to pink. Z5–11 (25cm). The 2–7 broadly lance-shaped, (illus. p.467). Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
scented, cupped to flat, double, deep R. Wisley 2008 (‘Ausbreeze’). Bushy glossy, dark green leaves, arranged in for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Spikes
crimson-to-purple flowers, 3in (7cm) Shrub rose with dull, mid-green leaves. opposite pairs, form a pseudostem bearing of rich yellow flowers, to 6in (15cm) across
across, with gold stamens. Z3–8 H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Quartered-rosette, 1–2 purple or white flowers, with shallowly and heavily marked chestnut-brown, are
R. ‘Ulrich Brunner Fils’. Strong, fully double, light rose-pink flowers, with lobed lips to 1in (2.5cm) across. Intolerant produced in fall. Has broadly ovate, stiff
slender, upright Hybrid Perpetual with a lighty, fruity scent, open from plump, of winter wet, so best in a cold frame. leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Provide shade in
large, shiny, mid-green leaves and a few rounded buds in summer and again in fall. Sometimes confused with R. tibetica. Z6–8 summer and keep very dry in winter.
prickles. H 5½ft (1.7m), S 4½ft (1.3m). Z5–9 R. cautleyoides illus. p.424. Z11–12 (min. 50ºF/10ºC; max. 86ºF/30ºC)
Produces globular, very double, sweet- R. xanthina ‘Canary Bird’, syn. R. R. humeana illus. p.423.
scented, bright cherry-pink flowers with ‘Canary Bird’. Vigorous, dense, arching R. procera. See R. purpurea. ROSULARIA
paler petal-backs, 5in (12cm) across, singly Species hybrid with small, bright green R. purpurea, syn. R. procera. Summer-
or in clusters. Repeat flowering. Z5–9 leaves. H and S 7ft (2.2m). In late spring, flowering, tuberous perennial. H 10–16in CRASSULACEAE
R. ‘Variegata di Bologna’. Willowy, bears a single flush of fruit-scented, cupped, (24–40cm), S 6in (15cm). Lance-shaped,
arching Bourbon rose with large, pale single, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across. Z5–9 erect leaves are long-pointed and wrap Genus of evergreen, perennial, small,
green leaves. H 7ft (2.2m), S 5ft (1.5m). R. ‘Yesterday’. Bushy, arching Polyantha around each other at base to form a false rosette-forming succulents, similar to
In summer–fall, produces fragrant, rose with neat, small, glossy, mid-green stem. Bears long-tubed, purple flowers. Prometheum, with flowers in shades of
quartered-rosette, fully double flowers, leaves. H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Fragrant, Z6–8 white, yellow and pink. Good for a sunny,
3in (8cm) across, pale pink but flecked rosette, semidouble, lilac-pink to rose- R. scillifolia (illus. p.477). Upright, well-drained aspect in a rock garden or
and striped with purple-crimson. Can be violet flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, are borne, tuberous perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 3in alpine house. Frost hardy to frost tender.
grown as a climber in hot climates. Z4–9 mainly in clusters, from summer through (8cm). Small, purple-black or light pink Propagate by seed in spring, or by offsets
R. ‘Veilchenblau’ illus. p.185. to early winter. Z5–9 flowers are produced in summer–fall above in summer or early fall.
R. WarM WelcoMe (‘Chewizz’) illus. R. ‘Yolande d’Aragon’. Sturdy Portland narrowly lance-shaped to linear, mid- R. aizoon. See Prometheum aizoon.
p.183. rose of upright growth habit with small, green leaves. Z6–8 R. sedoides var. alba. See Sedum
R. WarM Wishes (‘Fryxotic’) illus. smooth, pale green leaves. H 4ft (1.25m), R. tibetica. Rosette-forming, tuberous sedoides var. album.
p.179. S 3ft (1m). Strongly fragrant, lightly cupped, perennial. H to 7in (18cm), S 8in (20cm). R. sempervivum. Variable, clump-
R. ‘Wedding Day’. Rampant Rambler. deep pink flowers with a hint of magenta Broadly lance-shaped, pleated, mid-green forming succulent perennial. H 4in (10cm),
H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Produces large at the center, 4in (10cm) across, repeat leaves. In summer, produces purple, pink S 4–6in (10–15cm). Spoon-shaped, fleshy,
clusters of fruity-scented, flat, single, regularly from summer–fall. Z4–10 or white flowers, with deeply lobed lips to glandular-hairy, dark green leaves form
creamy-white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, R. you’re Beautiful (‘Fryracy’). 5⁄8–3⁄4in (1.5–2cm) across, at the top of the flat, loose rosettes, 1½–3in (4–8cm) across.
that mature to pale pink, in late summer, Compact Floribunda rose with dark green stem. Z5–8 Bears lateral panicles of funnel-shaped,
followed by small, scarlet hips. Suitable leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). Freely deep pink flowers, ½in (10mm) long, in
for growing up a large tree or in a wild bears an abundance of lightly scented, ROSMARINUS summer. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C). subsp.
garden. Z6–9 double, rose-pink flowers, 3in (8cm) glaucophylla (syn. R. spathulata of
R. Westerland (‘Korwest’). Vigorous, across, with a rich pink center, in clusters LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE gardens) has short-stalked rosettes of
continuous-flowering Shrub rose with in summer–fall. Z6–9 hairless, bluish-glaucous green, spathulate
long, dark green leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft R. ‘Yvonne Rabier’. Dense, bushy Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for leaves, and glandular-sticky stems of
(1.2m) as a shrub; can be trained to H 10ft Polyantha rose with dark green leaves. their flowers and aromatic foliage, which tubular, pink flowers.
(3m) as a climber. Produces big, bold clusters H and S 2ft (60cm). Bears large clusters of can be used as a culinary herb. Very R. spathulata of gardens. See R.
of loosely formed, cupped, double, moderately scented, rounded, fully double, closely related to, and sometimes included sempervivum subsp. glaucophylla.
scented, apricot-orange flowers, 4½in white flowers, 3cm (11⁄4in) across, in, the genus Salvia. Frost hardy, but in
(11cm) across, with yellow petal bases. continuously in summer–fall. Z5–9 cold areas grow against a south- or west- ROTHMANNIA 693
Z4–9 R. ‘Zéphirine Drouhin’ illus. p.185. facing wall. Requires sun and well-drained
R. Whisky (‘Tanky’), syn. R.Whisky Mac. R. ‘Zigeunerknabe’, syn. R. ‘Gipsy Boy’. soil. Cut back frost-damaged plants to RUBIACEAE
healthy wood in spring; straggly, old
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers.
Related to Gardenia. Frost tender. Needs a
ROTHMANNIA
position in full light or partial shade and green leaves, white beneath, each have 1m). In late summer and fall, bears short sheath. Daisylike, white to pale pink
humus-rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic usually 9 ovate leaflets. Bears panicles of daisylike, double, golden-yellow flower flowers, 11∕4in (3cm) across, are borne in
soil. Water containerized plants freely 5-petaled, purple flowers in early summer, heads with green centers. Mid-green leaves summer. Z10–12 (min. 45ºF/7ºC)
when in full growth, moderately at other followed by unpalatable, spherical, black are divided into lance-shaped leaflets, R. crassa. Evergreen, erect, succulent
times. Propagate by seed in spring or by fruits. Z3–8. ‘Goldenvale’ (syn. R.c. themselves further cut. Prefers well-drained shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears solid,
semiripe cuttings in summer. ‘Wyego’), H and S 5ft (1.5m), is less invasive, soil. Z4–9. ‘Goldquelle’ (syn. R. ‘Goldquelle’) 3-angled, bluish-green leaves, 3∕4in (2cm)
lower growing with more arching growth, illus. p.222. ‘Herbstsonne’ (illus. p.251) long, with short, white hairs; undersides
R. capensis, syn. Gardenia capensis, and bright yellow foliage. ‘Wyego’ see has single, bright yellow flower heads. are keeled, each with a single tooth. Bears
G. rothmannia. Evergreen, ovoid shrub R.c. ‘Goldenvale’. R. maxima (illus. p.251). Clump-forming daisylike, white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across,
or tree. H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10ft (3m) or R. odoratus (Flowering raspberry, perennial. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). in summer. Z10–12 (min. 45ºF/7ºC)
more. Leaves are ovate, lustrous, and rich Thimbleberry). Vigorous, deciduous, Has broadly spoon-shaped, waxy, blue- R. macowanii. Erect, then spreading,
green. In summer, bears fragrant, tubular upright, thicket-forming shrub. H and green, basal leaves. In summer, stout shrubby, perennial succulent. H 8in (20cm),
flowers, each with 5 arching, white to S 8ft (2.5m). Prickle-free, peeling shoots stems bear solitary, dairylike, flower heads S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has solid, slightly keeled,
creamy-yellow petal lobes and a purple- produce large, velvety, dark green leaves, with slender, reflexed, yellow ray florets 3-angled, gray-green leaves, to 11∕4in (3cm)
dotted throat. Z10–12 (min. 45–50ºF/7–10ºC) each with 5 broadly triangular lobes. and large, central, black cones. Z5–9 long. In summer, bears abundant, daisylike,
From early summer to early fall, bears R. occidentalis. Clump-forming bright pink flowers, 11∕4in (3cm) across,
ROYSTONEA large, fragrant, 5-petaled, rose-pink perennial. H 2–6ft (60–180cm), S 11⁄2ft with darker pink stripes. Z10–12 (min.
flowers, sometimes followed by (45cm) or more. Has ovate, mid-green, 45ºF/7ºC)
Royal palm unpalatable, flattened, red fruits. Z3–8 basal leaves. In summer, erect, leafy,
R. thibetanus illus. p.143. occasionally branched stems bear daisylike RUSCUS
ARECACEAE/PALMAE R. tricolor. Evergreen shrub with both flower heads with a large, central,
prostrate and arching shoots covered in brownish-black cone surrounded by short, ASPARAGACEAE
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their red bristles. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite. Ovate, pointed, green bracts; they have no true
majestic appearance. Produces racemes of toothed, glossy, dark green leaves set off ray florets (“petals”). Z5–9. ‘Green Wizard’ Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
insignificant flowers in summer. Frost cup-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers borne (illus. p.251), H to 6ft (2m), has a ring of spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their
tender. Needs full light or partial shade in midsummer. Has edible, raspberrylike, large green bracts at the base of a dark foliage and fruits. The apparent leaves are
and fertile, well-drained but moisture- red fruits. Provides good groundcover. Z7–9 brown central cone; ray-florets are absent. actually flattened shoots, on which flowers
retentive soil. Water potted plants freely in R. ‘Tridel’. See R. ‘Benenden’. R. purpurea. See Echinacea purpurea. and fruits are borne. Usually, separate
full growth, less at other times, especially R. ulmifolius ‘Bellidiflorus’. Vigorous, R. triloba (illus. p.251). Short-lived, male and female plants are required for
when temperatures are low. Propagate by deciduous or semievergreen, arching upright, clump-forming perennial. H 32in fruiting. Is particularly useful for dry, shady
seed in spring at not less than 81°F (27°C). shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Prickly (80cm), S 16in (40cm). Has 3-lobed, hairy, sites. Fully to frost hardy. Tolerates sun or
Red spider mite may be a problem. stems bear dark green leaves, with 3 or 5 mid- to pale green, basal leaves. From late shade and any soil other than waterlogged.
R. regia (Cuban royal palm). Evergreen ovate leaflets, and, in mid- to late summer, summer until fall frosts, leafy stems bear Cut back dead shoots to base in spring.
palm with an upright stem, sometimes large panicles of daisylike, double, pink abundant, daisylike, bright yellow flower Propagate by division in spring. tThe
thickened about the middle. H to 80ft flowers. Z6–9 heads with central, blackish-brown cones. berries of R. aculeatus may cause mild
(25m), S to 30ft (10m). Leaves are feather- Self-seeds freely. Z4–8 stomach upset if ingested.
shaped, 10ft (3m) long, upright at first, RUDBECKIA R. aculeatus (Butcher’s broom) illus.
then becoming arching and pendent, and RUELLIA p.167. ‘John Redmond’ is an evergreen
are divided into narrowly oblong, leathery, Coneflower dwarf, compact shrub. H and S 11⁄2ft
bright green leaflets. Z12 (min. 59ºF/ 15ºC) syn. DIPTERACAnTHUs (45cm). A hermaphrodite cultivar, it has
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE spine-tipped, glossy, dark green “leaves,”
R RUBUS ACANTHACEAE tiny, star-shaped, green flowers in spring,
Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials and a profusion of round, orange-red
694 Blackberry, Bramble grown for their flowers. Fully hardy to half Genus of perennials and evergreen berries from summer to winter. Z7–9
hardy. Thrives in sun or shade and well- subshrubs and shrubs with showy flowers. R. hypoglossum illus. p.167.
ROSACEAE drained or moist soil. Propagate by division Borderline fully hardy to frost tender. Grow
in spring or by seed in fall or spring. in a humid atmosphere, partial shade, and RUSSELIA
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or R. fulgida (Black-eyed Susan). var. in moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed, deamii (illus. p.251) is an erect perennial. stem cuttings or seed, if available, in spring. PLANTAGINACEAE
scrambling climbers. Some species are H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. In late R. amoena. See R. graecizans.
cultivated solely for their edible fruits, summer and fall, bears daisylike, yellow R. devosiana illus. p.465. Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
which include raspberries and blackberries. flower heads with central, black cones. R. graecizans, syn. R. amoena. Evergreen, and subshrubs with showy flowers.
Those described here are grown mainly Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green bushy subshrub with wide-spreading Frost tender. Needs sun or partial shade.
for their foliage, flowers, or ornamental, leaves. Prefers moist soil. stems. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has Requires humus-rich, light, well-drained
often prickly stems, though some may var. speciosa (illus. p.251) has elliptic to ovate, pointed leaves and intermittently soil. Propagate by stem cuttings or
also bear edible fruits. Fully to frost hardy. lance-shaped, almost sickle-shaped, basal bears clusters of small, tubular, scarlet division in spring.
Deciduous species grown for their winter leaves and coarsely toothed stem leaves. flowers. Z11–12 (min. 54ºF/12ºC) R. equisetiformis, syn. R. juncea (Coral
stems prefer full sun; other deciduous var. sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’ (illus. R. makoyana (Trailing velvet plant). plant), illus. p.470.
species need sun or partial shade; p.251), H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm) or more, Hairy, spreading perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), R. juncea. See R. equisetiformis.
evergreens and semievergreens tolerate has golden flower heads. Z5–7 S 11∕2ft (45cm). Has ovate, silver-veined
sun or shade. All require fertile, well- R. ‘Goldquelle’. See R. laciniata purple leaves, dark purple beneath. In RUTA
drained soil. Cut old stems of R. biflorus, ‘Goldquelle’. summer, bears funnel-shaped, carmine-
R. cockburnianus and R. thibetanus to R. ‘Herbstsonne’ illus. p.251. pink flowers singly from the leaf axils. Rue
ground after fruiting. Propagate by seed R. hirta. Moderately fast-growing, Z11–12 (min. 54ºF/12ºC)
or cuttings (semiripe for evergreens, upright, branching, short-lived perennial, RUTACEAE
softwood or hardwood for deciduous grown as an annual. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m, RUSCHIA
species) in summer or winter. R. odoratus S 1–11∕2ft (30–45cm). Has lance-shaped, Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
may be increased by division, and R. mid-green leaves and, in summer–fall, AIZOACEAE summer-flowering subshrubs and woody-
‘Benenden’ and R. ulmifolius ‘Bellidiflorus’ large, daisylike, deep yellow flower heads, based perennials, with deeply divided,
by layering in spring. with conical, purple centers. Needs sun Genus of mostly small, tufted, perennial aromatic leaves, grown for their foliage
R. bambusarum, syn. R.b. henryi var. and well-drained soil. Z9–11. Becky Mixed, succulents and evergreen shrubs with and flowers and used as a medicinal
bambusarum. Fast-growing, vigorous, H to 10in (25cm), has yellow, dark red or leaves united up to one-third of their herb. Fully to frost hardy. Requires a
evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling reddish brown flowers. ‘Goldilocks’ illus. lengths around stems or with very short sunny position and well-drained soil.
climber, grown mainly for its attractive p.325. ‘Irish Eyes’, H to 21∕2ft (75cm), has sheaths. Frost tender. Needs a sunny site Cut back to old wood in spring to keep
foliage. H to 20ft (6m). Leaves have 3 broadly yellow flower heads with olive-green and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed compact. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
ovate leaflets, white-felted beneath. Tiny, centers. ‘Marmalade’ illus. p.323. or stem cuttings in spring or summer. in summer. tAll parts may cause severe
pink flowers are borne in small clusters in ‘Rustic Dwarfs’, H to 2ft (60cm), produces R. acuminata. Evergreen, erect, discomfort if eaten; the foliage may cause
summer. Z6–10 yellow, mahogany, or bronze flower heads. succulent shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 20in photodermatitis on contact.
R. ‘Benenden’, syn. R. ‘Tridel’, illus. ‘Toto Gold’ illus. p.320. (50cm). Has woody stems as well as non- R. graveolens (Common rue).
p.128. R. laciniata ‘Golden Glow’. Erect woody, bluish-green stems with darker ‘Jackman’s Blue’ illus. p.159.
R. biflorus illus. p.143. perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m), S 2–3ft (60cm– dots. Produces solid, 3-angled, 11∕4in (3cm)
R. cockburnianus. Deciduous, arching long leaves, each with a blunt keel and a
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Prickly shoots
are brilliant blue-white in winter. Dark
SALIX
S African violet cultivars S. ‘Rob’s Smarty Pants’. Miniature is usually cut back to near ground level S
There are over 2,000 cultivars, mainly group. H to 3in (8cm). Has toothed, mid- to provide winter color. var. vitellina
SABAL derived from S. ionantha, with star- or green leaves and semidouble, white ‘Chermesina’ see S.a. var. vitellina 695
bell-shaped, white, pink, red, blue, violet, flowers with ruffled, blue-speckled pink ‘Britzensis’. var. vitellina ‘Golden
ARECACEAE/PALMAE bi- or multi-colored flowers, 1∕2–21∕2in edges to the petals. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) Ness’, H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m),
(1–6cm) across, borne throughout the S. ‘Rococo Anna’, syn. S. ‘Rococo Pink’ produces golden yellow winter shoots
Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown year. Flowers may be single, semidouble (illus. p.472). Standard group. H to 6in when hard pruned. ‘Yelverton’, H 8ft
for their foliage and overall appearance. or fully double. Petal edges may be ruffled, (15cm). Has mid-green leaves with light (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m), produces orange-red
Frost tender. Prefers full sun and fertile, rounded, frilled, or fringed. The broadly green bases and pale undersides. Bears winter shoots when hard pruned. Z4–9
well-drained soil. Water moderately, less ovate to ovate leaves are usually mid- or double, iridescent pink flowers. Z12 S. apoda illus. p.356.
when not in full growth. Propagate by dark green, and may be feathered, flecked (min. 59°F/15°C) S. arbuscula (Mountain willow).
seed in spring. Red spider mite may or variegated white, pink or cream. S. ‘Rococo Pink’. See S. ‘Rococo Anna’. Deciduous, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft
be troublesome. See also feature panel p.472. S. ‘Sky Bells’. Semiminiature group. (60cm) or more. In spring, dark brown
S. minor (Dwarf palmetto) illus. p.457. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has mid-green leaves, stems produce narrowly ovate, toothed
Cultivars are divided into 5 groups, speckled white along the edges. Bears leaves and white-haired, sometimes red-
SAGINA according to rosette size. The diameter bell-shaped, pale lavender flowers. Z12 tinged, yellow catkins. Suits a rock
of the rosette is the measurement given (min. 59°F/15°C) garden. Z3–8
CARYOPHYLLACEAE below; the spread of each cultivar is the S. ‘Zoja’ (illus. p.472). Standard group. S. babylonica (Weeping willow).
same as this: H to 6in (15cm). Has mid-green leaves and Deciduous, weeping tree with slender,
Genus of compact, low-growing annuals Micro-miniature—less than 3in (8cm). large, single to semidouble, purple-blue pendent shoots that reach almost to the
and evergreen perennials, grown for their Miniature— 3–6in (8–16cm). flowers with a bold white line at the ground. H and S 40ft (12m). Bears narrowly
dense mats or cushions of foliage. Suitable Semi-miniature— 6–8in (16–21cm). margin of each petal. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) lance-shaped, long-pointed leaves. Has
for banks and in paving. Some species Standard— 8–16in (21–40cm). yellowish-green catkins in early spring.
may be invasive. Fully hardy. Prefers sun Large—over 16in (40cm). SALIX Susceptible to canker and has been largely
and gritty, moist soil; dislikes hot, dry replaced in cultivation by S. x sepulcralis
conditions. Propagate by division in S. ‘Bright Eyes’ (illus. p.472). Standard Willow var. chrysocoma. Z4–9. var. pekinensis
spring, by seed in fall or, for S. boydii, by group. H to 6in (15cm). Has dark green ‘Tortuosa’ (syn. S. matsudana ‘Tortuosa’;
tip cuttings in summer. Red spider mite leaves and single, deep violet-blue flowers SALICACEAE Dragon’s claw willow) illus. p.80.
and aphids may cause damage. with yellow anthers. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) S. bockii. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
S. procumbens ‘Boydii’, syn. S. boydii, S. ‘Colorado’ illus. p.469. Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has slender, upright,
illus. p.376. S. ‘Crimson Ice’. Standard group. grown for their habit, foliage, catkins, and, gray-hairy shoots and oblong, glossy, bright
H 6–8in (15–20cm). Has dark green leaves in some cases, colorful winter shoots. Male green leaves, with silky-hairy undersides.
SAGITTARIA and pansy-shaped, dark pink and white catkins are more striking than female; each Usually female in cultivation; bears green
flowers. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) plant usually bears catkins of only one sex. catkins in early and mid-fall. Z5–8
Arrowhead S. ‘Delft’. Standard group. H to 6in Fully hardy. Most prefer full sun. Most S. ‘Boydii’, syn. S. x boydii, illus. p.347.
(15cm). Has dark green leaves and large, species grow well in any but very dry soil; S. caprea (Goat willow, Pussy willow).
ALISMATACEAE semidouble, cornflower-blue flowers. S. caprea, S. purpurea and their variants Deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. H 30ft
Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) also thrive in dry soil. Plants grown for (10m), S 25ft (8m). Ovate leaves are dark
Genus of deciduous, perennial, and annual, S. ‘Fancy Pants’. Standard group. their colorful winter shoots should be cut green above, gray beneath. Catkins are
submerged and marginal water plants, H 6–8in (15–20cm). Has mid-green leaves back hard in early spring, every 1–3 years. borne in spring before foliage emerges:
grown for their foliage and flowers. Fully and produces single white flowers with Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer females are silky and gray, males are gray
hardy to frost tender. Some species are frilled red margins. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) or by hardwood cuttings in winter. Fungal with yellow anthers. Z4–8. ‘Kilmarnock’
suitable for pools, others for aquariums. S. ‘Green Lace’. Large group. H 6in diseases may cause canker, particularly in (Kilmarnock willow), H 5–6ft (1.5–2m),
All require full sun. Remove fading foliage (15cm) or more. Has dark green leaves and S. babylonica and S. x sepulcralis var. S 6ft (2m), is dense-headed and weeping.
as necessary. Propagate by division in semidouble, white-flushed, pink flowers, chrysocoma. Willows may become infested From early to mid- spring, produces gray
spring or summer or by breaking off with wide green petal edges, and yellow with such pests as caterpillars, aphids, and catkins that later become yellow.
turions (scaly, young shoots) in spring. anthers. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) gall mites. S. ‘Chrysocoma’. See S. x sepulcralis
S. graminea ‘Crushed Ice’. Deciduous, S. ‘Ice Maiden’ (illus. p.472). Standard S. acutifolia ‘Blue Streak’. Spreading var. chrysocoma.
perennial, marginal water plant or bog group. H to 6in (15cm). Has mid-green tree. H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Has slender, S. daphnoides (Violet willow) illus. p.69.
plant. H 9in (23cm), S 6in (15cm). Produces leaves and single, white flowers with arching, blue-black shoots with a blue- S. elaeagnos (Hoary willow). Deciduous,
linear, pointed leaves, marbled cream and purple-blue markings. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) white bloom, and narrowly lance-shaped, upright, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft
green. Bears 3-petaled, white flowers, S. ionantha. Evergreen, stemless, rosette- tapered, dark green leaves. In early spring, (5m). In spring, long shoots bear slender,
from early to midsummer. Z4–10 forming perennial, often forming clumps. bears silvery male catkins, 2in (5cm) long, yellow catkins as leaves emerge. These are
S. japonica. See S. sagittifolia ‘Flore Pleno’. H to 4in (10cm), S 10in (25cm). Almost with golden anthers, before the leaves. Z4–9 narrowly oblong and dark green, with
S. latifolia (American arrowhead, Duck rounded, scalloped, long-stalked, fleshy, S. aegyptiaca (Musk willow). Vigorous, white undersides, and turn yellow in fall.
potato, Wapato) illus. p.434. usually hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, are deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. H 12ft (4m), Z5–8. subsp. angustifolia, H and S 10ft
S. sagittifolia (Common arrowhead). mid-green above and often reddish-green S 15ft (5m). Gray catkins that mature to (3m), is a medium-sized to large, dense,
Deciduous, perennial, marginal water plant. below. Loose clusters of 2–8 tubular, yellow are produced on bare, stout shoots bushy shrub, bearing very narrow,
H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Upright, mid- 5-lobed, violet-blue flowers, to 1in (2.5cm) in late winter or early spring, before large, rosemarylike leaves, to 5in (12cm) long,
green leaves are acutely arrow-shaped. In across, are borne on stems held above narrowly ovate, deep green leaves. Z4–9 with recurved margins.
summer, produces 3-petaled, white flowers leaves year-round. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) S. alba (White willow). f. argentea see S. exigua (Coyote willow) illus. p.112.
with dark purple centers. May be grown S. ‘Pat Tracey’. Semiminiature group. S.a. var. sericea. ‘Britzensis’ see S.a. S. fargesii, syn. S. moupinensis of
in up to 9in (23cm) depth of water. Z6–9. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has dark green leaves var. vitellina ‘Britzensis’. var. caerulea gardens. Deciduous, upright, open shrub.
‘Flore Pleno’ (syn. S. japonica; Japanese and bears double, frilly-edged white (Cricket-bat willow) is a very fast-growing, H and S 10ft (3m). Has purplish-red winter
arrowhead) has double flowers. flowers with a purple margin to the deciduous, conical tree with upright shoots and buds. Slender, erect, green
petals. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) branches. H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has catkins are borne in spring, at same time as
SAINTPAULIA S. ‘Powder Keg’ (illus. p.472). Large long, narrowly lance-shaped, deep bluish- bold, oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Z5–9
group. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has wavy, dark green leaves and, in early spring, small, S. x fragilis, syn. S. x rubens (Crack
African violet green leaves and semidouble, deep red pendent, yellowish-green catkins. willow). Deciduous tree with a broad,
flowers, with white margins to the petals. ‘Chermesina’ see S.a. var. vitellina bushy head. H 50ft (15m), S 40–45ft
GESNERIACEAE Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) ‘Britzensis’. var. sericea (syn. S.a. (12–15m). Has long, narrow, pointed,
S. ‘Rainbow’s Limelight’. Standard f. argentea, S.a. ‘Sericea’; Silver willow), glossy, bright green leaves. Catkins, borne
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming group. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has mid-green H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m), is a spreading in early spring, are yellow on male plants,
perennials, grown for their showy flowers. leaves and bears single, lime-green and tree that is conical when young and has green on females. Z4–8. ‘Basfordiana’
Frost tender. Very closely related to Salvia yellow flowers. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) bright silver-gray leaves. ‘Sericea’ see has bright orange-yellow young shoots in
and sometimes included in Streptocarpus. S. ‘Rob’s Dandy Lion’. Semiminiature S.a. var. sericea. var. vitellina (Golden winter and long, narrow, leaves, gray-
Needs a humid atmosphere, a constant group. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has leaves willow) illus. p.69. var. vitellina green when young, becoming glossy,
temperature, partial shade, and fertile variegated, dark green, white, and pink, ‘Britzensis’ (syn. S.a. ‘Britzensis’, S.a. var. bright green in summer. Yellowish-green
soil. Propagate by leaf cuttings in summer. and bears cup-shaped, semidouble, white vitellinia ‘Chermesina’), has green leaves catkins are produced in early spring.
Whitefly and mealy bug may be a problem flowers. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) and bright orange-red, young shoots, and
for indoor plants.
SALIX
S S. gracilistyla. Deciduous, bushy shrub. S. ‘Stuartii’, syn. S. lanata ‘Stuartii’. S. bulleyana. Rosette-forming perennial. S 3ft (1m). Has ovate, mid-green leaves
H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Large, silky, gray Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading H and S 2ft (60cm). Racemes of nettlelike, and, in late summer and fall, racemes
696 catkins with red, then bright yellow shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has yellow yellow flowers, with maroon lips, are of large, rose-crimson flowers. Z9–11.
anthers are borne in early–mid-spring, and winter shoots. Stout, gray-green catkins borne in summer above a basal mass of ‘Bethellii’ illus. p.221.
are followed by lance-shaped, silky, gray, open from orange buds in spring, as broadly ovate, coarse, prominently veined, S. x jamensis. Very variable, evergreen,
young leaves that mature to bright, glossy ovate, woolly, gray leaves emerge. Z3–7 dark green leaves. Z7–9 bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 2–21∕2ft (60–
green. Z5–10. ‘Melanostachys’ (syn. S. udensis ‘Sekka’, syn. S. sachalinensis S. discolor (Andean silver-leaf sage). 75cm). Has ovate to elliptic, toothed, mid-
S. ‘Melanostachys’; Black willow) bears ‘Sekka’. Deciduous, spreading shrub. Semievergreen, compact subshrub. green leaves. In summer–fall, produces
almost black catkins, with red anthers, H 15ft (5m), S 30ft (10m). Has flattened H and S to 3ft (1m). Ovate, silver leaves and terminal racemes of 2-lipped flowers,
in early spring, before bright green leaves. shoots that are red in winter and lance- stems are covered in woolly, white hairs. varying in color from red to rose-pink,
S. hastata ‘Wehrhahnii’ illus. p.145. shaped, glossy, bright green leaves. Silver Bears terminal racemes of purple flowers, salmon-pink and orange to creamy-yellow.
S. helvetica illus. p.335. catkins are produced in early spring. Z4–7 sometimes almost black, from late summer Z8–10. ‘James Compton’ bears deep
S. integra ‘Hakuro-nishiki’. Graceful, S. vitellina ‘Pendula’. See S. x to early fall. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) crimson flowers. ‘La Luna’ (illus. p.155)
fast-growing, rounded, spreading shrub or sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. S. elegans ‘Scarlet Pineapple’ has creamy-yellow flowers with reddish-
small tree. H and S 4–6ft (1.2–1.8m), larger (Pineapple sage). Clump-forming, woody- brown hairs on upper lips. ‘Maraschino’
if unpruned. Paired leaves emerge pink, SALPIGLOSSIS based perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Hairy (illus. p.155) has cherry-red flowers. ‘Pat
maturing to variegated pink, creamy stems bear heart-shaped, downy, glaucous Vlasto’ bears pink-suffused, orange
white, and green. Young shoots are red in SOLANACEAE leaves, which are pineapple scented when flowers. ‘Raspberry Royale’ has bright
winter. Slim catkins are borne in early bruised. Produces loose panicles of large, raspberry-red flowers. ‘Red Velvet’
spring, before the leaves. Often top-grafted Genus of annuals and short-lived crimson-pink flowers from winter to (illus. p.155) has velvety, red flowers,
on a stem. May burn in hot sun. Z5–8 perennials. Usually only annuals are grown, spring. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) with dark calyces. ‘Sierra San Antonio’
S. irrorata. Deciduous, upright shrub. for color in borders or as greenhouse S. farinacea. Moderately fast-growing, (illus. p.155) bears peach-rose flowers,
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Purple, young shoots plants. Frost hardy to half hardy. Grow in upright perennial, grown as an annual. with yellow lower lips.
are white-bloomed in winter. Catkins with sun and rich, well-drained soil. Stems need H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, S. jurisicii. Rosette-forming perennial.
red, then yellow anthers are borne in early support. Deadhead regularly. Propagate mid-green leaves. Spikes of white flowers H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Stems are
to mid-spring before narrowly oblong, by seed sown under glass in early spring, are borne in summer. Z9–11. ‘Strata’ illus. clothed with mid-green leaves, divided
glossy, bright green leaves emerge. Z5–10 or in early fall for winter flowering p.314. ‘Victoria Blue’ illus. p.312. Dwarf into 4–6 pairs of linear leaflets. In early
S. lanata (Woolly willow) illus. p.147. indoors. Aphids may be troublesome. forms are also available. summer, produces racemes of inverted,
‘Stuartii’ see S. ‘Stuartii’. S. sinuata Bolero Hybrids. Group S. forsskaolii. Basal clump-forming violet-blue flowers. Z3–11
S. magnifica. Deciduous, upright shrub. of moderately fast-growing, branching, perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Ovate, S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage).
H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Produces very upright annuals. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). toothed, hairy, grass-green leaves mature Prostrate, woody-based perennial.
long, slender, green catkins on stout, red Has lance-shaped, pale green leaves. to dark green by summer. Sparse whorls of H and S 1ft (30cm). Has narrowly oblong,
shoots in spring, as large, magnolialike, Outward-facing, widely flared, trumpet- violet-blue flowers, with white and yellow downy, aromatic, gray-green leaves.
blue-green leaves emerge. Z6–9 shaped, conspicuously veined flowers, markings on the lower lips, are produced Spikelike racemes of violet to lavender-
S. matsudana ‘Tortuosa’. See 2in (5cm) across, are produced in summer in summer. Z5–7 blue flowers are borne from late spring
S. babylonica var. pekinensis ‘Tortuosa’. and early fall. Available in a mixture S. fulgens illus. p.156. to early summer. Z4–8
S. ‘Melanostachys’. See S. gracilistyla of rich colors. Z10–11. Casino Series is S. glutinosa (illus. p.250). Clump-forming, S. leucantha (Mexican bush sage).
‘Melanostachys’. available with red, blue, purple, yellow, or sticky-hairy perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). Evergreen, erect, well-branched shrub.
S. moupinensis of gardens. See S. fargesii. orange flowers. ‘Friendship’ has upward- Branched or unbranched stems have H and S to 2ft (60cm) or more. Narrowly
S. pentandra (Bay willow). Deciduous, facing flowers in a range of colors. heart-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. lance-shaped, finely wrinkled leaves are
large shrub, then small tree, with broad, From midsummer to mid-fall, bears loose, deep green above, white-downy beneath.
bushy head. H and S 30ft (10m). Ovate, SALVIA terminal racemes of softly hairy, maroon- In summer–fall, produces terminal spikes
glossy, green leaves are blue-white spotted, pale yellow flowers, with red- of hairy, white flowers, each from a woolly,
beneath. Catkins—males bright yellow, Sage brown marks on lower lips. Z4–8 violet calyx. Z10–11
females gray-green—open in early S. greggii. Evergreen, erect subshrub. S. microphylla ‘Cerro Potosi’
summer when the tree is in full leaf. Z2-5 LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE H to 3ft (1m), S to 2ft (60cm). Has narrowly (illus. p.155). Evergreen, erect, well-
S. purpurea (Purple osier). Deciduous, oblong, matte, deep green leaves. Terminal branched shrub. H and S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
bushy, spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Genus of annuals, biennials, herbaceous racemes of bright red-purple flowers are Has ovate to elliptic, mid- to deep green
Gray male catkins, with yellow anthers, and evergreen perennials, and evergreen borne in fall. H4. ‘Devon Cream’ see S.g. leaves. Racemes of magenta flowers,
and slender, silvery-gray, female catkins or semievergreen shrubs and subshrubs, ‘Sungold’. ‘Icing Sugar’ (illus. p.155) has aging to purple and with purple-tinted
are borne on slender, often purple shoots grown for their tubular, 2-lipped, often deep purplish-pink flowers with frosted calyces, are borne in late summer and fall.
in spring, before narrowly oblong, deep brightly colored flowers and aromatic pink lower lips. ‘Sungold’ (syn. S.g. ‘Kew Red’ (illus. p.155) has large, almost
green leaves emerge. Z4–8. ‘Nancy foliage. Leaves of some species may be ‘Devon Cream’) has warm yellow flowers. glabrous leaves and large, vivid red
Saunders’ has bluish green leaves with used for flavoring foods. Fully hardy to S. guaranitica. Deciduous, upright flowers. var. microphylla, syn. S.
gray-white undersides, on slender, glossy frost tender. Needs sun and fertile, well- subshrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm). neurepia, illus. p.156. var. microphylla
red annual shoots. Grow as an annually drained soil. Propagate perennials by Branched, dark green stems bear ovate, ‘La Foux’ (illus. p.155) is similar to ‘Kew
pruned shrub, or it will form a small tree. division in spring, perennials, shrubs hairy, wrinkled, mid-green leaves. Deep Red’ but is more intense in color and has
‘Pendula’, H and S 10ft (3m), has arching, and subshrubs by softwood cuttings blue flowers, with purple calyces, are purplish-black calyces. var. microphylla
whitish gray branches and long, pendent, in midsummer. Sow seed of half-hardy produced in terminal and axillary spikes, ‘Newby Hall’ (illus. p.155) has pale to
thin, purplish red branchlets. Forms annuals under glass in early spring and of from late summer to fall. Z9–11. mid-green leaves and bright red flowers.
a small weeping tree when trained fully-hardy species outdoors in mid-spring. ‘Black and Blue’ (illus. p.250) has rich Pink Blush’ (illus. p.155) bears reddish-
as a standard. S. ‘Amistad’ (illus. p.250). Vigorous, blue flowers, with dark purple-blue pink flowers. Z7–9
S. repens (Creeping willow) illus. p.147. upright perennial or semievergreen calyces. ‘Blue Enigma’, H and S 3ft (1m), S. nemorosa, syn. S. virgata var.
S. reticulata (Net-veined willow) illus. subshrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m). Has dark is a clump-forming perennial, bearing nemorosa. Neat, clump-forming perennial.
p.357. stems and ovate, toothed, glossy, mid- long racemes of small, slightly fragrant, H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has narrowly
S. x rubens. See S. x fragilis. green leaves. In early summer–fall, bears deep blue flowers, with green calyces, in ovate, rough, mid-green leaves and, in
S. sachalinensis ‘Sekka’. See S. udensis closely spaced whorls of 2–4 striking, summer–fall. summer, produces branching racemes
‘Sekka’. white-throated, purple flowers, 2in (5cm) S. haematodes. See S. pratensis densely set with violet-blue flowers. Z4–8.
S. x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma, syn. long, with tubular, almost black calyces. Haematodes Group. ‘Amethyst’ (illus. p.250) has violet
S. ‘Chrysocoma’, S. vitellina ‘Pendula’, Attractive to insects. Z9–11 S. ‘Hot Lips’ (illus. p.155). Evergreen, flowers, with purple calyces and bracts.
(Golden weeping willow), illus. p.69. S. argentea (illus. p.250). Rosette- bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 2–2½ft (60– ‘Caradonna’ (illus. p.250), H 1ft (30cm), has
‘Erythroflexuosa’, is a deciduous, forming, short-lived perennial. H 3ft 75cm). Has ovate to elliptic, toothed, mid- blackish-purple stems and bracts, and
spreading tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Has (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has ovate to elliptic, green leaves. Flowers, borne in summer, bright purple flowers. ‘East Friesland’
arching branches, with orange-yellow, toothed, silvery-woolly leaves. From mid- have white upper flower lips and vivid red see S.n. ‘Ostfriesland’. ‘Lubecca’
spirally twisted young shoots, and lance- to late summer, bears many-branched, lower lips, but may also be pure white or (illus. p.250), H 11⁄2ft (45cm), has pinkish-
shaped, twisted, glossy, mid-green leaves, terminal panicles of white flowers, pure red. Z7–10 purple bracts and deep blue flowers.
glaucous beneath. Bears slender, pale sometimes pink-flushed. Z5–8 S. involucrata. Bushy, woody-based ‘Ostfriesland’ (syn. S.n. ‘East
yellow catkins in spring. Z5–8 S. blepharophylla. Spreading, perennial. H 2–21∕2ft (60–75cm) or more, Friesland; illus. p.250), H 75cm (21∕2ft),
rhizomatous perennial. H and S 11⁄2ft (45cm). is smaller.
Has ovate, glossy, dark green leaves and
slender racemes of bright red flowers with
maroon calyces, in summer–fall. Z9–11
SANSEVIERIA
S. neurepia. See S. microphylla var. flowers, to 1⁄2in (1.5cm) long, are produced S. nigra (Common elder). ‘Aurea’ shaded rock garden, or a wild or woodland
microphylla. from midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 (Golden elder) is a deciduous, bushy shrub. garden. Propagate by division of rhizomes
S. officinalis (Common sage; illus. p.155). S. x sylvestris. Clump-forming, erect, H and S 20ft (6m). Has stout, corky shoots in summer or by seed in fall.
H and S 20in (30cm). Lance-shaped, downy, branched perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 1ft and golden-yellow leaves with usually 5 S. canadensis (Bloodroot) illus. p.348.
aromatic, gray-green leaves are used as a (30cm). Leaves are lance-shaped to oblong, ovate leaflets. Flattened heads of fragrant, f. multiplex ‘Plena’ (syn. S.c. ‘Flore
culinary and medicinal herb. Lax racemes scalloped, and mid-green, softly hairy. star-shaped, creamy-white flowers, borne Pleno’) is a clump-forming, rhizomatous
of purple-blue flowers are produced in Dense, terminal racemes of pinkish violet in early summer, are followed by spherical, perennial with fleshy, underground stems
summer. Z4–8. ‘Alba’ see S.o. ‘Albiflora’. flowers, to 1∕2in (1cm) long, are borne in black fruits. subsp. canadensis see that exude red sap when cut. H 6in (15cm),
‘Albiflora’ (syn. S.o. ‘Alba’) is an early to midsummer. Z4–7. ‘Blauhügel’ S. canadensis. ‘Laciniata’ see S.n. f. S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Produces short-lived,
evergreen or semievergreen, bushy shrub. (illus. p.250), H 11⁄2ft (45cm), has mid-blue laciniata. f. laciniata (syn. ‘Laciniata’) has rounded, fully double, white flowers in
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Oblong, gray- flowers and purple bracts. ‘Mainacht’ irregularly and finely cut leaflets. spring, followed by large, rounded to
green leaves are used as a culinary herb. (syn. S. x s. May Night; illus. p.250), f. porphyrophylla Black Beauty heart-shaped, scalloped, gray-green leaves
Racemes of white flowers are borne in H 3ft (90cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm), has violet-blue (‘Gerda’) has dark blackish leaves and with glaucous undersides. Z3–8
summer. ‘Berggarten’ (illus. p.155), flowers in late spring and summer. white-centered flowers with pink-tipped
H 16in (40cm), has a spreading habit and S. uliginosa (Bog sage) illus. p.442. lobes. f. porphyrophylla Black lace SANGUISORBA S
round-tipped, silvery-gray leaves. S. verticillata. Erect perennial. H 3ft (‘Eva’) has deeply cut, almost black leaves
‘Icterina’ (illus. p.155) has aromatic, (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has ovate to elliptic, and pale pink flowers fading to grayish BURNET ROSACEAE
gray-green leaves variegated with pale deeply cut, dark green leaves, with large white. f. porphyrophylla ‘Guincho
green and yellow. Occasionally bears terminal lobes. Branched racemes with Purple’ has dark green foliage that Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown
small spikes of tubular, 2-lipped, purplish whorls of lilac to violet-blue, rarely white, matures to deep blackish-purple. Bears for their bottlebrushlike flower spikes.
flowers. ‘Purpurascens’ (illus. p.155), flowers are borne in summer. Z6–10. purple-stalked flowers, pink in bud and Fully hardy. Requires sun and moist soil.
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m), has blue-purple ‘Purple Rain’ (illus. p.250) has dark green opening to white within, pink outside. Propagate by division in spring or by seed
flowers and purple-flushed leaves when leaves and red-purple flowers and stems. f. porphyrophylla ‘Thundercloud’ has in fall.
young. ‘Tricolor’ (illus. p.155) has very S. virgata var. nemorosa. See dark reddish purple leaves, green when S. canadensis (Canadian burnet) illus.
aromatic, cream-margined, gray-green S. nemorosa. young, and red buds opening to p.437.
leaves, tinged pinkish-purple when young. S. viridis, syn. S. horminum. Moderately pale pink flowers that fade to white. H6 S. menziesii. Clump-forming perennial.
S. patens (illus. p.250). Erect, tuberous fast-growing, upright, branching annual. S. racemosa (Red-berried elder). H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).
perennial often grown as an annual. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has ovate Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft In mid- to late summer, slender, arching
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). leaves. Tubular, lipped flowers, enclosed (3m). Mid-green leaves each usually stems bear spikes of purple-red flowers.
Branching stems bear ovate to triangular, by purple, pink, or white bracts, are borne have 5 ovate or ovate leaflets. Star-shaped, Grey-green leaves are deeply divided and
mid-green leaves, spear-shaped at base. in spikes at tops of stems in summer and creamy-yellow flowers, borne in dense, tinted red. Z4–8
From midsummer to mid-fall, bears early fall. Z4–7. Bracts of Claryssa Series conical clusters in mid-spring, are S. obtusa. Clump-forming perennial.
terminal racemes of widely 2-lipped, are a wide range of brilliant colors, followed by spherical, red fruits. Z3–6. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Arching
deep to pale blue or white flowers. Z8–10. including white, pink, purple, and blue. ‘Plumosa Aurea’ illus. p.139. stems bear spikes of rose-crimson flowers
‘Cambridge Blue’ has pale blue flowers. in midsummer. Pairs of ovate leaflets are
‘Oxford Blue’, H 1ft (30cm), has violet- SALVINIA SANCHEZIA pale green above, blue-green beneath. Z4–8
blue bracts. S. officinalis. Clump-forming,
S. pratensis. Clump-forming, woody- SALVINIACEAE ACANTHACEAE rhizomatous perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m),
based perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm). S 2ft (60cm). Has pinnate basal leaves,
Has ovate, wrinkled, toothed, mid-green, Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- with 7–25 oblong-elliptic leaflets; leaves
basal leaves. Erect, usually branched, water ferns, evergreen in tropical flowering perennials and shrubs, grown on the erect, branching, often red stems
terminal spikes of violet, blue, pink or conditions and aquariums. Frost tender. for their showy, tubular flowers and are smaller. Small, red-brown to maroon
white flowers are borne in summer. Z4–8. Does best in warm water, with plenty of foliage. Frost tender. Requires full light or flowers are borne in erect, very short,
Haematodes Group (syn. S. haematodes), light. Remove fading foliage, and thin partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. dense spikes from early summer to
S 11⁄2ft (45cm), has wavy-edged, rough, plants when crowded. Propagate by Water containerized plants freely when in mid-fall. Z4–8
dark green leaves and lavender-blue dividing young plants in summer. full growth, less at other times. Tip prune S. ‘Tanna’. Spreading, clump-forming
flowers. ‘Indigo’ (illus. p.250) bears dark S. natans. Deciduous, perennial, floating young plants to promote branching. perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
blue flowers. ‘Pink Delight’ (illus. p.250) water plant. S indefinite. Oval to ovate, Propagate by greenwood cuttings in Produces short spikes of dark red flowers
produces mid- to deep pink flowers. ‘Swan elongated, mid-green leaves are borne spring or summer. Susceptible to whitefly in mid- to late summer above mounds of
Lake’ (illus. p.250) has pure white flowers. on branching stems. Tolerates colder and soft scale. divided, blue-green leaves. Tolerant of
S. ‘Royal Bumble’. Compact, erect, conditions than other species; can be S. nobilis of gardens. See S. speciosa. drier soil than other sanguisorbas and
bushy, evergreen to semievergreen used in a cold water aquarium. Z11–12 S. speciosa, syn. S. nobilis of gardens. good at the front of a border. Z4–8
subshrub or perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 16in (min. 50°F/10°C) Evergreen, erect, soft-stemmed shrub. S. tenuifolia var. alba illus. p.216.
(40cm). Has ovate, round-tipped, aromatic, H 4–7ft (1.2–2.2m), S 3–5ft (90–150cm).
mid-green leaves. From midsummer to SAMBUCUS Glossy leaves have yellow- or white- Sanicula epipactis. See Hacquetia
fall, purple-black stems bear whorls of banded main veins. Tubular, yellow epipactis.
glowing red flowers, with blackish calyces. Elder flowers are borne in axils of red bracts,
Z7–10 in summer. Z11–12 (min. 55–59°F/13–15°C) SANSEVIERIA 697
S. sclarea var. turkestanica of gardens ADOXACEAE
illus. p.313. SANDERSONIA ASPARAGACEAE
S. splendens. Slow-growing, bushy Genus of perennials, deciduous shrubs
perennial or evergreen subshrub, grown and trees, grown for their foliage, flowers, COLCHICACEAE/LILIACEAE Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
as an annual. H to 1ft (30cm), S 8–12in and fruits. Fully hardy. Needs sun and perennials, grown for their rosettes of stiff,
(20–30cm). Has ovate, serrated, fresh fertile, moist soil. For best foliage effect, Genus of one species of deciduous, fleshy leaves. Frost tender. Tolerates sun
green leaves, and dense racemes of scarlet either cut all shoots to ground in winter tuberous climber, related to Gloriosa and shade and is easy to grow in most soil
flowers in summer and early fall. Z9–11. or prune out old shoots and reduce length and Littonia, grown for its urn-shaped, conditions if not overwatered. Propagate
‘Blaze of Fire’ has brilliant scarlet flowers. of young shoots by half. Propagate species summer flowers. Half hardy. Needs a by leaf cuttings or division in summer.
‘Lighthouse Purple’, H 20–28in (50– by softwood cuttings in summer, by seed sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil. S. cylindrica. Evergreen, stemless,
70cm), is upright and bushy, bearing in fall, or by hardwood cuttings in winter, Support with sticks or canes. Lift tubers rhizomatous perennial. H 11⁄2–4ft
intense purple flowers. ‘Mojave Red’, some forms by cuttings only. tAll parts for winter. Propagate in spring by seed or (45cm–1.2m), S 4in (10cm). Has a rosette
H 10in (25cm), is compact, with dense may cause severe discomfort if ingested, by naturally divided tubers. of 3–4 cylindrical, stiff, fleshy, erect leaves,
spikes of bright red flowers and dark although cooked fruits are safe; contact S. aurantiaca (Chinese-lantern lily) illus. to 4ft (1.2m) long, in dark green with
green foliage. with the leaves may irritate skin. p.413. paler horizontal bands. Occasionally bears
S. x superba. Clump-forming, erect, S. canadensis, syn. S. nigra subsp. racemes of small, tubular, 6-lobed, pink or
branched perennial. H 2–3ft (60–90cm), canadensis (American elder). SANGUINARIA white flowers. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C)
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Leaves are lance- ‘Aurea’ is a deciduous, upright shrub. S. trifasciata (Mother-in-law’s tongue).
shaped to oblong, scalloped and mid- H and S 12ft (4m). Has large, golden-yellow PAPAVERACEAE Evergreen, stemless, rhizomatous
green, slightly hairy beneath. Slender, leaves, usually with 7 oblong leaflets. Bears perennial. H 11∕2–4ft (45cm–1.2m), S 4in
terminal racemes of bright violet or purple large, domed heads of small, star-shaped, Genus of one species of spring-flowering, (10cm). Has a rosette of about 5 lance-
creamy-white flowers in summer, followed rhizomatous perennial. Fully hardy. Grow shaped, pointed, stiff, fleshy, erect leaves,
by spherical, red fruits. Z3–9 in sun or partial shade and in humus-rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Excellent for a
SANSEVIERIA
to 4ft (1.2m) long, banded horizontally soapwort). Upright perennial. H to 3ft (1m), SARRACENIA SAURURUS
with pale green and yellow. Occasionally S 1ft (30cm). Has ovate, rough, mid-green
bears racemes of tubular, 6-lobed, green leaves on erect stems. Clusters of ragged, Pitcher plant SAURURACEAE
flowers. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C). double, red flowers are produced on upper
‘Golden Hahnii’ illus. p.476. ‘Hahnii’ part of flower stems in summer. Z2–8 SARRACENIACEAE Genus of deciduous, perennial, bog, and
illus. p.475. ‘Laurentii’ illus. p.476. S. x olivana illus. p.362. marginal water plants, grown for their
Genus of insectivorous perennials, some of foliage. Fully hardy. Prefers full sun, but
SANTOLINA SARCOCAPNOS which are evergreen, with pitchers formed tolerates some shade. Remove faded leaves
from modified leaves with hooded tops. and divide plants as required to maintain
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE PAPAVERACEAE Fully hardy to frost hardy. Grow in sun or vigour. Propagate by division in spring.
partial shade and in peat and moss. Keep S. cernuus (Lizard’s tail) illus. p.435.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering Genus of spring-flowering dwarf annuals very wet, except in winter, when drier
shrubs, grown for their aromatic foliage or perennials, useful for rock gardens. conditions are needed. Propagate by seed SAXEGOTHAEA
and their buttonlike flower heads. Fully Frost hardy. Prefers a position in sun and in spring.
hardy. Needs sun and not too rich, well- well-drained, alkaline soil. Propagate by S. flava (Yellow pitcher plant) illus. p.445. PODOCARPACEAE
drained soil. Cut off old flower heads and seed in spring. S. purpurea (Common pitcher plant,
reduce long shoots in fall. Cut straggly S. enneaphylla. Loose, upright perennial. Huntsman’s cup) illus. p.439. See also CONIFERS.
plants back hard each spring. Propagate H and S 6in (15cm). Slender, much-branched S. conspicua (Prince Albert’s yew).
by semiripe cuttings in summer. stems bear small, divided, glaucous green SASA Conifer that is conical in mild areas, more
S. chamaecyparissus, syn. S. incana leaves with ovate to elliptic leaflets. In bushy in cold districts. H 15–50ft (5–15m),
(Cotton lavender, Lavender cotton). spring, small, spurred, yellowish-white, POACEAE/GRAMINEAE S 4–5m (12–15ft). Needlelike, flattened, dark
Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H 21∕2ft purple-tipped flowers, are borne in short green leaves develop in whorls at ends of
(75cm), S 3ft (1m). Shoots are covered with racemes. Protect from winter wet. Z9–11 See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, shoots. Produces globose, fleshy, glaucous
woolly, white growth, and narrowly oblong, and SEDGES. green cones. Z8–10
finely toothed leaves are also white. Bears SARCOCOCCA S. albomarginata. See S. veitchii.
bright yellow flower heads in mid- and late S. palmata. Evergreen, spreading bamboo. SAXIFRAGA
summer. Z6–9. ‘Lambrook Silver’ has Christmas box, Sweet box H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. A fine foliage plant,
silver-gray leaves. ‘Lemon Queen’, H and it has very broad, rich green leaves, to 16in Saxifrage
S 2ft (60cm) has a compact habit and BUXACEAE (40cm) long. Hollow, purple-streaked
lemon-yellow flower heads. stems have one branch at each node. Z7–9 SAXIFRAGACEAE
S. incana. See S. chamaecyparissus. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for S. veitchii, syn. S. albomarginata,
S. neapolitana. See S. pinnata their foliage, fragrant, winter flowers, and illus. p.284. Genus of often rosetted perennials, most
subsp. neapolitana. spherical fruits. Flowers are tiny—the only of which are evergreen or semievergreen,
S. pinnata. Evergreen shrub, mainly conspicuous part being the anthers. Useful SASSAFRAS biennials, and few annuals. Grown for
grown as subsp. neapolitana (syn. for cutting in winter. Fully to frost hardy. their flowers and attractive foliage.
S. neapolitana), which has a rounded, bushy Grow in sun or shade and fertile, not too LAURACEAE Excellent in rock gardens, raised beds,
habit. H 21∕2ft (75cm), S 3ft (1m). In dry soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in and alpine houses. Fully hardy to frost
midsummer, slender flower stems bear a summer or by seed in fall. Genus of deciduous trees grown for their tender. Propagate by seed in fall or by
head of lemon-yellow flowers, among S. confusa (illus. p.142). Evergreen, aromatic foliage; flowers are inconspicuous. rooted offsets in winter. For cultivation,
bushy, dense shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Fully hardy. Needs sun or light shade and saxifrages may be grouped as follows:
S feathery, deeply cut, gray-green foliage. Leaves are small, ovate, taper-pointed, deep, fertile, well-drained, preferably 1—Needs moist soil and protection from
subsp. neapolitana ‘Sulphurea’ illus. glossy, and dark green. Bears tiny, white acidic soil. Propagate by seed or suckers midday sun.
p.159. Z7–10 flowers in winter, then black fruits. Z6–9 in fall, or by root cuttings in winter. 2—Needs partially shaded, well-drained
S. rosmarinifolia, syn. S. virens (Holy S. hookeriana. Evergreen, upright, S. albidum illus. p.64. soil. Good among rocks and screes.
flax). Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. dense, suckering shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), 3—Thrives in well-drained rock pockets,
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has finely cut, S 6ft (2m). Forms clumps of narrowly SATUREJA troughs, alpine-house pans, etc, shaded
bright green leaves. Each slender stem oblong, pointed, dark green leaves and from midday sun. Must never be dry at
bears a head of bright yellow flowers bears tiny, white flowers in the leaf axils LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE roots. Most form tight cushions and flower
in midsummer. Z6–9. ‘Lemon Fizz’ has during winter. Fruits are black. Z6–8. in early spring, flower stems being barely
striking, yellow-green foliage. var. digyna illus. p.164. var. digyna Genus of summer-flowering annuals, visible above leaves.
subsp. rosmarinifolia ‘Primrose ‘Purple Stem’ has young shoots flushed semievergreen perennials and subshrubs, 4—Needs full sun and well-drained, alkaline
Gem’ has pale yellow flower heads. dark purple-pink, and pink-tinged flowers. grown for their highly aromatic leaves and soil. Suits rock pockets. Most have hard
S. virens. See S. rosmarinifolia. var. humilis (syn. S. humilis) illus. p.164. attractive flowers. Useful for rock gardens leaves encrusted in lime.
S. humilis. See S. hookeriana var. humilis. and dry banks. Fully hardy to frost hardy. S. aizoides illus. p.359; cultivation
Sanvitalia Aztec Gold of gardens. S. ruscifolia. Evergreen, upright, arching Needs sun and well-drained soil. group 1.
See Melampodium montanum Aztec shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has ovate, glossy, Propagate by seed in winter or spring, or S. x anglica ‘Cranbourne’, syn. S.
Gold (‘Starbini’). dark green leaves and, in winter, creamy- by softwood cuttings in summer. ‘Cranbourne’. Evergreen, cushion-forming
white flowers, then red fruits. Z7–9. var. S. montana (Winter savory). Upright, perennial. H and S 5in (12cm). In early
698 SAPONARIA chinensis has narrower leaves. semievergreen perennial or subshrub. spring, bears solitary, cup-shaped, bright
var. chinensis ‘Dragon Gate’ has H 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Leaves purplish-lilac flowers on short stems,
Soapwort narrow, pointed, shining green leaves. are linear to ovate, aromatic and green or just above tight rosettes of linear, green
grayish-green. Loose whorls of tubular, leaves. Flower stems are longer if plant
CARYOPHYLLACEAE SARMIENTA 2-lipped, lavender flowers are borne is grown in an alpine house. Cultivation
in summer. Z6–8. ‘Prostrate White’, group 3. Z5–9
Genus of summer-flowering annuals and GESNERIACEAE H 3–6in (7–15cm), has a prostrate habit S. x apiculata ‘Gregor Mendel’, syn.
perennials, grown for their abundant and white flowers. S. ‘Gregor Mendel’, illus. p.357; cultivation
flowers, usually in shades of pink. Good Genus of one species of evergreen, woody- group 2.
for rock gardens, screes, and banks. Fully stemmed, scrambling or trailing perennial. SAUROMATUM S. ‘Arco’. See. S. x arco-valleyi ‘Arco’.
hardy. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Suits hanging baskets. Frost tender. Likes S. x arco-valleyi ‘Arco’, syn. S. ‘Arco’.
Propagate by seed in spring or fall or by partial shade and humus-rich soil that does ARACEAE Evergreen perennial forming a tight
softwood cuttings in early summer. not dry out. Propagate by seed in spring cushion. H and S 4in (10cm). In early
S. ‘Bressingham’, syn. S. ‘Bressingham or by stem cuttings in summer or fall. Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous spring, produces upturned, cup-shaped
Hybrid’. Loose, mat-forming perennial. S. repens, syn. S. scandens. Evergreen, perennials with tubular spathes that expand to flattish, pale lilac flowers, almost resting
H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small, slender-stemmed, scrambling perennial. into waved, twisted blades. Tubers will on tight rosettes of oblong to linear leaves.
narrowly ovate leaves. Flattish, deep H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Tips of ovate flower without soil or moisture, and before Cultivation group 3. Z5–9
vibrant pink flowers are borne in clustered leaves each have 3–5 teeth. In summer, the leaves emerge. Frost tender. Requires S. ‘Bob Hawkins’. Evergreen perennial
heads in summer. Good for a trough. Z4–9 produces small, tubular, coral-pink a sheltered, partially shaded position and with a loose rosette of leaves. H 1–2in
S. ‘Bressingham Hybrid’. See flowers, each narrowed at the base and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Water well (2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). In summer, bears
S. ‘Bressingham’. toward the mouth, which has 5 deeper throughout summer. Dry off or lift when small, upturned, rounded, greenish-white
S. caespitosa illus. p.364. pink lobes. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) dormant in winter. Propagate by offsets flowers on 2in (5cm) stems. Ovate, green
S. ocymoides (Tumbling tea) illus. p.364. S. scandens. See S. repens. in spring. leaves are white-splashed. Cultivation
S. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’ (Double S. guttatum. See S. venosum. group 1. Z5–9
S. venosum, syn. S. guttatum (Monarch-
of-the-East, Voodoo lily), illus. p.403.
SCHEFFLERA
S. x boydii ‘Hindhead Seedling’ illus. stems and dark reddish-green leaves, S. Southside Seedling Group illus. S. lucida illus. p.341.
p.356; cultivation group 2. beetroot-red beneath. Cultivation group 1. p.338; cultivation group 3 or 4. S. ochroleuca. See S. columbaria
S. ‘Brookside’. See S. burseriana S. x geum. Evergreen, mat-forming S. stolonifera, syn. S. sarmentosa subsp. ochroleuca.
‘Brookside’. perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 1ft (30cm). (Mother of thousands). Evergreen, S. rumelica. See nautia macedonica.
S. brunoniana. See S. brunonis. Has shallow-rooted rosettes of spoon- prostrate perennial with runners. H 6in S. tartarica. See Cephalaria gigantea.
S. brunonis, syn. S. brunoniana. Semi- shaped, hairy leaves. In summer, star- (15cm) or more, S 1ft (30cm) or more. Has
evergreen, rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), shaped, pink-spotted, white flowers, deep large, rounded, shallowly lobed, hairy, SCADOXUS S
S 8in (20cm). Small, soft green rosettes of pink in bud, are borne on loose panicles on silver-veined, olive-green leaves that are
lance-shaped, rigid leaves produce many slender stems. Cultivation group 1. Z6–8 reddish-purple beneath. Loose panicles AMARYLLIDACEAE
long, threadlike, red runners. Many of the S. ‘Gloria’. See S. burseriana ‘Gloria’. of tiny, mothlike, white flowers, each with
rosettes die down to large terminal buds S. granulata (Fair maids of France, 4 equal-sized petals and one elongated Genus of bulbous and rhizomatous
in winter. Short racemes of 5-petaled, Meadow saxifrage) illus. p.332. ‘Plena’ petal, are borne in summer on slender, perennials, grown for their spectacular,
spreading, pale yellow flowers are borne is a clump-forming perennial. H 9–15in upright stems. Provides good ground mainly spherical, umbels of red flowers.
in late spring and summer on 2–3in (23–38cm), S to 6in (15cm) or more. Loses cover. Z10–11. ‘Tricolor’ (syn. S. ‘Tricolor’; Frost tender. Needs a position in partial
(5–8cm) stems. Cultivation group 1. Z8–10 its kidney-shaped, glossy, pale to mid- Strawberry geranium) has green-and-red shade and humus-rich, well-drained soil.
S. burseriana illus. p.348. ‘Brookside’ green leaves soon after flowering. Has a leaves marked silver. Cultivation group 1. Reduce watering in winter. Propagate by
(syn. S. ‘Brookside’) is a slow-growing, loose panicle of large, rounded, double, S. stribrnyi illus. p.354; cultivation seed or offsets in spring.
evergreen perennial forming a hard white flowers in late spring or early group 3. S. multiflorus, syn. Haemanthus
cushion. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S to 4in (10cm). summer. Bulbils or resting buds form at S. ‘Tricolor’. See S. stolonifera ‘Tricolor’. multiflorus. Summer-flowering bulb. H to
Has broadly linear, spiky, gray-green base of foliage. Cultivation group 1. Z6–8 S. ‘Tumbling Waters’ illus. p.333; 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has broadly lance-
leaves. In early spring, bears upturned, S. ‘Gregor Mendel’. See S. x apiculata cultivation group 4. shaped to ovate, semierect, basal leaves
rounded, shallowly cup-shaped, bright ‘Gregor Mendel’. S. x urbium (London pride). Evergreen, that form a “stem” of sheathed leaf stalks.
yellow flowers on short, red stems. S. grisebachii ‘Wisley Variety’. See rosetted, spreading perennial. H 1ft Bears a spherical head, 4–10in (10–25cm)
Flowers of ‘Crenata’ (syn. S. ‘Crenata’) S. federici-augustii subsp. grisebachii (30cm), S indefinite. Has spoon-shaped, across, of up to 200 narrow-petaled, red
have fringed, white petals and red sepals. ‘Wisley Variety’. toothed, leathery, green leaves. Flower flowers, followed by small orange berries.
‘Gloria’ (syn. S. ‘Gloria’) has dark reddish- S. hirsuta. Evergreen, mound-forming stems bear tiny, star-shaped, at times Z11–12 (min. 50–59°F/10–15°C ).
brown stems, each bearing 1 or 2 flowers, perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). pink-flushed, white flowers, with red subsp. katherinae (syn. Haemanthus
with red sepals and white petals, in late Has rosettes of round, hairy leaves. Bears spots, in summer. Useful as groundcover. katherinae; Blood flower) illus. p.386.
spring. Cultivation group 3. Z5–9 loose panicles of tiny, star-shaped, white Cultivation group 1. Z4–9 S. puniceus, syn. Haemanthus
S. callosa, syn. S. linguata, illus. p.337; flowers, often yellow-spotted at the base magnificus, H. natalensis, H. puniceus
cultivation group 4. of petals, in late spring and early summer. SCABIOSA (Royal paintbrush). Spring- and summer-
S. cochlearis. Evergreen, rosetted Cultivation group 1. Z5–9 flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm), S 6in (15cm).
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). S. ‘Irvingii’. See S. x irvingii ‘Walter Scabious Has elliptic, semierect leaves in a basal
Has spoon-shaped, green leaves with Irving’. cluster. Leaf bases are joined, forming a
white-encrusted edges. Produces loose S. x irvingii ‘Jenkinsiae’, syn. S. CAPRIFOLIACEAE false stem. Flower stem bears up to 100
panicles of rounded, white flowers, often ‘Jenkinsiae’, illus. p.350; cultivation group 2. tiny, tubular, greenish-white to pink or
with red-spotted petals, in early summer. ‘Walter Irving’ (syn. S. ‘Irvingii’) is a Genus of annuals, biennials, and orange-red flowers in a conical umbel,
Z5–9. ‘Minor’, H and S 5in (12cm), has slow-growing, evergreen, dense, mound- perennials, some of which are evergreen, surrounded by a whorl of red bracts, then
smaller leaf rosettes and loose panicles of forming perennial. H 3⁄4in (2cm), S 3in (8cm). with flower heads that are good for red berries. Z11–12 (min. 50–59°F/10–15°C)
red-spotted, white flowers on red stems. Has minute leaves in neat rosettes. In early cutting. Fully to frost hardy. Prefers sun
Ideal for a trough. Cultivation group 4. spring, bears stemless, cup-shaped, lilac- and fertile, well-drained, alkaline soil. SCAEVOLA
S. cortusifolia var. fortunei. See pink flowers. Cultivation group 3. Z5–9 Propagate annuals by seed in spring and
S. fortunei. S. ‘Jenkinsiae’. See S. x irvingii perennials by cuttings of young, basal GOODENIACEAE
S. cotyledon. Evergreen perennial. ‘Jenkinsiae’. growths in summer, by seed in fall,
H and S to 1ft (30cm). Has large, pale green S. lingulata. See S. callosa. or by division in early spring. Genus of short-lived, mainly evergreen
rosettes of leaves, which die after flowering. S. longifolia. Rosetted perennial. H 2ft S. arvensis. See nautia arvensis. perennials, but also scrambling climbers,
In late spring–early summer, bears arching, (60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Long, narrow, S. atropurpurea (Sweet scabious). shrubs, and small trees, grown for summer
conical panicles of white, cup-shaped lime-encrusted leaves form attractive Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy display, usually in containers. Frost
flowers, sometimes strongly marked red rosettes that, after 3–4 years, develop long, annual. H to 3ft (1m), S 8–12in (20–30cm). tender. Grow in moist but well-drained,
inside. Cultivation group 2. Z3–9 arching, conical to cylindrical panicles of Has lance-shaped, lobed, mid-green fertile compost in sun or partial shade.
S. ‘Cranbourne’. See S. x anglica numerous, rounded, 5-petaled, white leaves. Domed heads of pincushionlike, Propagate by softwood cuttings in late
‘Cranbourne’. flowers in late spring and summer. After scented, deep crimson flower heads, 2in spring or summer.
S. ‘Crenata’. See S. burseriana ‘Crenata’. flowering, rosettes die and no daughter (5cm) across, are produced on wiry stems S. aemula ‘Little Wonder’. Evergreen,
S. cuneifolia illus. p.337; cultivation rosettes are formed, so propagate by seed in in summer and early fall. Tall forms, H 3ft trailing, bushy perennial, grown as an
group 1. spring or fall. Cultivation group 4. Z5–8 (1m), and dwarf, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), are annual. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm).
S. exarata subsp. moschata ‘Cloth S. oppositifolia (Purple mountain available with flower heads in shades Has spoon-shaped, rich green leaves.
of Gold’ illus. p.377; cultivation group 1. saxifrage) illus. p.353. ‘Ruth Draper’ of blue, purple, red, pink or white. Z4–9 In summer, produces 5-lobed, blue
S. federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii is an evergreen, loose mat-forming S. caucasica ‘Clive Greaves’ illus. p.271. flowers each with a yellow ring round
‘Wisley Variety’, syn. perennial. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). ‘Miss Willmott’ is a clump-forming the white throat. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
S. grisebachii ‘Wisley Variety’, illus. p.353; Has small, opposite, oblong to ovate, perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Large,
cultivation group 4. Z5–9 white-flecked, dark green leaves closely set creamy-white flower heads, with SCHEFFLERA 699
S. ferdinandi-coburgi. Evergreen, along prostrate stems. Large, cup-shaped, pincushionlike centers, are produced
cushion-forming perennial. H and S 6in deep purple-pink flowers are borne in throughout summer. Light green leaves syn. BRASSAIA, HEPTAPLEURUM
(15cm). Forms rosettes of linear, spiny, early spring, just above foliage. Prefers are lance-shaped at base of plant and
glaucous green leaves and, in early spring, peaty soil. Cultivation group 1. Z5–8 segmented on stems. H4 ARALIACEAE
bears racemes of open cup-shaped, rich S. paniculata. Evergreen, tightly rosetted S. columbaria subsp. ochroleuca, syn.
yellow flowers on stems 11⁄4–4in (3–10cm) perennial. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 8in S. ochroleuca. Clump-forming perennial. Genus of evergreen shrubs, trees, and
long. Cultivation group 3. Z5–9 (20cm). In summer, bears loose panicles of H and S 3ft (1m). In late summer, branching climbers grown mainly for their handsome
S. fortunei, syn. S. cortusifolia var. rounded, usually white flowers, with or stems bear many heads of frilled, sulphur- foliage. Frost hardy to frost tender. Grows
fortunei. Semievergreen or herbaceous, without purplish-red spots, on upright yellow flower heads with pincushionlike in any fertile, well-drained but moisture-
clump-forming perennial. H and S 1ft stems above rosettes of oblong to ovate, centers. Has narrowly ovate, toothed, retentive soil and in full light or partial
(30cm). Rounded, 5- or 7-lobed, fleshy, lime-encrusted leaves. Very variable gray-green leaves. Z4–9 shade. Water potted specimens freely
green or brownish-green leaves are red in size. Pale yellow or pale pink forms S. gigantea. See Cephalaria gigantea. when in full growth, moderately at other
beneath. In fall, bears panicles of tiny, also occur. Cultivation group 4. Z5–8 S. graminifolia. Evergreen, clump- times. Pruning is tolerated if needed.
mothlike, white flowers, with 4 equal-sized S. sancta illus. p.358; cultivation group 3. forming perennial, often with a woody Propagate by air-layering in spring, by
petals and one elongated petal, on upright S. sarmentosa. See S. stolonifera. base. H and S 6–10in (15–25cm). Has tufts semiripe cuttings in summer, or by seed
stems. Propagate by division in spring. S. scardica illus. p.348; cultivation group 3. of narrow, grasslike, pointed, silver-haired as soon as ripe, in late summer.
Z6–9. ‘Rubrifolia’ has dark red flower S. sempervivum illus. p.353; cultivation leaves. In summer, produces stiff stems S. delavayi. Small, bushy, broad-headed,
group 4. with spherical, bluish-violet to lilac flower evergreen tree. H 12–25ft (4–8m), S 6–12ft
heads like pincushions. Suits a rock (2–4m). Stalks, to 2ft (60cm) long, bear
garden. Resents disturbance. Z4–9 leaves, composed of usually 5 dark green
leaflets, 4–14in (10–35cm) long, densely
covered in yellow-brown or gray-white
SCHEFFLERA
down beneath. In late fall, bears downy, growing tips of young plants to ensure S. ‘Zara’. Erect, then pendent, perennial S. nutans. See Hyacinthoides non-scripta.
terminal panicles, composed of numerous a bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown cactus. H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). S. peruviana illus. p.423.
spikes, to 1ft (30cm) long, of small, white under glass in early spring for summer-fall Has glossy, green stem segments. Deep S. ‘Pink Giant’, syn. S. forbesii ‘Pink
flowers; these are followed by rounded, flowers and in late summer for plants to orange-red flowers are produced in early Giant’, S. luciliae ‘Pink Giant’, illus. p.416.
fleshy, black fruit. Z7–11 flower in pots in late winter or spring. fall and winter. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) S. pratensis. See S. litardierei.
S. taiwaniana. Broad, rounded, Prone to damage by aphids. S. sardensis, syn. Chionodoxa sardensis.
evergreen shrub or small tree. H and S. ‘Dwarf Bouquet’ illus. p.304. SCHOENOPLECTUS Early spring-flowering bulb. H 4–8in (10–
S 6–12ft (2–4m). Reddish purple stalks, S. pinnatus. Moderately fast-growing, 20cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
16–20in (40–50cm) long, bear elegant upright, bushy annual. H 1–4ft CYPERACEAE Has 2 narrowly lance-shaped, semierect,
leaves with 7–11 dark gray-green leaflets. (30cm–1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has feathery, basal leaves. Leafless stem bears 4–15
In late summer–fall, bears terminal light green leaves. In summer–fall, bears See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, flattish, slightly pendent or outward-
panicles, 10–20in (25–50cm) long, composed rounded, lobed, multicolored flowers in and SEDGES. facing, deep rich blue flowers, with
of numerous racemes or umbels of small, shades of pink, purple, white or yellow. S. lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani or without an indistinct, white eye. Z4–8
greenish flowers, followed by spherical, Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C). ‘Hit Parade’ illus. ‘Zebrinus’, syn. Scirpus lacustris var. S. scilloides, syn. S. chinensis, S. japonica,
green fruit, which ripen to purple over p.305. ‘Star Parade’ is compact with tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’, Scirpus illus. p.413.
winter. Z7–11 a distinctive pyramidal habit; in spring– tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’, illus. p.436. S. siberica (Siberian squill). ‘Alba’ illus.
fall, bears tubular, then flared, 2-lipped, p.416. ‘Atrocoerulea’ illus. p.420.
SCHIMA white, yellow, pink, purple, or red flowers. SCHWANTESIA S. tmolusi. See S. forbesii.
S. tubergeniana. See
THEACEAE Schizocentron elegans. See AIZOACEAE S. mischtschenkoana.
Heterocentron elegans. S. ‘Tubergeniana’. See
Genus of variable, evergreen trees Genus of cushion-forming, perennial S. mischtschenkoana.
or shrubs, grown for their foliage and SCHIZOPHRAGMA succulents with stemless rosettes of pairs S. violacea. See Ledebouria socialis
flowers. Related to Camellia. Frost hardy of unequal-sized, keeled leaves, and ‘Violacea’.
to half hardy. Prefers humus-rich, well- HYDRANGEACEAE daisylike, yellow flowers. Frost tender.
drained, neutral to acidic soil and a sunny Needs sun and well-drained soil. SCINDAPSUS
or partially shaded position. Water potted Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, Propagate by seed or stem cuttings
plants freely in full growth, moderately root climbers, useful for training up large in spring or summer. ARACEAE
at other times. Pruning is tolerated if trees. Fully to frost hardy. Flowers best in S. ruedebuschii illus. p.491.
necessary. Propagate by seed as soon as sun, but will grow against a north-facing Genus of evergreen climbers, closely
ripe or by semiripe cuttings in summer. wall. Needs well-drained soil. Tie young SCIADOPITYS related to Epipremnum, which are grown
S. argentea. Broadly conical tree or plants to supports. Propagate by seed for their attractive leaves with pointed tips.
shrub. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Oblong, in spring or by greenwood or semiripe SCIADOPITYACEAE Frost tender. In frost-prone regions, grow
lance-shaped, ovate, or obovate, tapered cuttings in summer. under glass or as house plants and provide
leaves are entire, shallowly scalloped, or S. hydrangeoides illus p.197. See also CONIFERS. a moss pole for support. In warmer areas,
toothed, papery or leathery in texture, and var. concolor ‘Moonlight’ is a S. verticillata (Japanese umbrella plant) grow against a wall, over a pergola, or
glossy, dark green, with red veins, often deciduous, woody-stemmed, root climber. illus. p.101. through a tree. Outdoors, requires fertile,
reddish beneath. From late summer to fall, H to 40ft (12m). Has broadly ovate, silvery, moist, but well-drained soil and partial
red-tinged buds open to solitary, cup- blue-green leaves, turning yellow in fall. SCILLA shade. Indoors, needs bright, filtered light
Small, white or creamy-white flowers, in and plenty of water in the growing season;
S shaped, fragrant white flowers, to 3in flat heads 8–10in (20–25cm) across, are syn. CHIOnODOXA, x CHIOnOsCILLA water sparingly during winter. Prune in
(7cm) across, with 5 or 6 rounded petals. borne on pendent side-branches in early spring and propagate by stem-tip
Z9–11 summer, and are surrounded by marginal, ASPARAGACEAE cuttings in summer with bottom heat, or
sterile flowers. var. hydrangeoides by layering in spring and summer.
SCHISANDRA ‘Roseum’ has bractlike, pink-flushed, pale Genus of mainly spring- and summer- S. aureus ‘Marble Queen’. See
yellow sepals. Z5–9. flowering bulbs, with basal clusters of Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’.
SCHISANDRACEAE S. integrifolium illus. p.197. leaves and spikes of small, often blue S. pictus ‘Argyraeus’, syn. Epipremnum
S. viburnoides. See Pileostegia flowers. Fully to frost hardy. Needs an pictum ‘Argyraeum’ (Silver vine). Slow-
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody- viburnoides. open site, sun or partial shade and well- growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, root
stemmed, twining climbers. Male and drained soil. Naturalizes under trees and climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m) or more. Produces
female flowers are borne on separate Schizostylis. See Hesperantha. shrubs or in grass. Propagate by division satin-texutured, heart-shaped, deep green
plants, so grow plants of both sexes if in late summer or by seed in fall. leaves with silver margins and irregular
fruits are required. Useful for growing SCHLUMBERGERA S. adlamii. See Ledebouria cooperi. silver blotches on the upper surface. Z12
against shady walls and training up pillars S. x allenii illus. p.419. (min. 59°F/15°C)
and fences. Fully hardy to frost hardy. CACTACEAE S. bifolia. Early spring-flowering
Grow in sun or partial shade and rich, bulb. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). SCIRPOIDES
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe Genus of bushy, perennial cacti with erect, Has 2 narrowly strap-shaped, semierect,
or greenwood cuttings in summer. then pendent stems and flattened, oblong basal leaves that widen toward tips. Stem CYPERACEAE
S. grandiflora. Twining, woody, stem segments with indented notches at bears one-sided spike of up to 20 star-shaped,
deciduous climber. H 22ft (7m). Shoots are margins—like teeth in some species. Stem purple-blue, pink or white flowers. Z4–8 See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
brown, almost cylindrical, and bear elliptic- tips bear flowers with prominent stigmas S. chinensis. See S. scilloides. and SEDGES.
oblong, pointed, prominently veined, and stamens and with petals of different S. cooperi. See Ledebouria cooperi. S. holoschoenus, syn. Scirpus
leathery, matte, dark green leaves, paler lengths set in 2 rows. Frost tender. S. forbesii, syn. Chionodoxa forbesii, holoschoenus (Round-headed club-rush).
beneath. In late spring or early summer, Requires a partially shaded position and S. luciliae of gardens, S. tmolusi, illus. ‘Variegatus’ is an evergreen, tuft-
bears nodding, scented, white, waxy rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by stem p.419. ‘Pink Giant’ see S. ‘Pink Giant’. forming, perennial rush. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft
white, or pale pink flowers, each with 7–8 cuttings in spring or early summer. S. gigantea. See S. luciliae. (45cm). Rounded, leafless, green stems are
rounded tepals, followed, on female plants, S. ‘Bristol Beauty’ illus. p.488. S. italica. See Hyacinthoides italica. striped horizontally with cream and bear
by pendent spikes of spherical, scarlet-red S. x buckleyi (Christmas cactus). Erect, S. japonica. See S. scilloides. long-stalked, dense, spherical heads of
berries. Z7–10. var. rubriflora of then pendent, perennial cactus. H 6in S. litardierei, syn. S. pratensis. Clump- egg-shaped, awned, brown spikelets, from
gardens. See S. rubriflora. (15cm), S 3ft (1m). Has glossy, green stem forming, early summer-flowering bulb. midsummer to early fall. Z6–9
S. rubriflora, syn. S. grandiflora var. segments and red-violet flowers in H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears
rubriflora of gardens, illus. p.202. midwinter. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) up to 5 narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, Scirpus holoschoenus. See
S. ‘Gold Charm’ illus. p.486. basal leaves. Stem has a dense spike of Scirpoides holoschoenus.
700 SCHIZANTHUS S. truncata, syn. Zygocactus truncatus flat, star-shaped, violet flowers, 1∕2–5⁄8in
(Crab cactus, Lobster cactus), illus. p.487. (1–1.5cm) across. Z4–8 Scirpus lacustris ‘Spiralis’. See
Butterfly flower, Poor man’s orchid S. truncata ‘Wintermärchen’. Erect, S. luciliae, syn. Chionodoxa Juncus effusus ‘Spiralis’.
then pendent, perennial cactus. H 6in gigantea, illus. p.420. ‘Pink Giant’ see
SOLANACEAE (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has glossy, green S. ‘Pink Giant’. Scirpus lacustris subsp.
stem segments. In early fall, bears white S. luciliae of gardens. See S. forbesii. tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’. See
Genus of annuals and some biennials, flowers that become pink-and-white S. mischtschenkoana, syn. S. Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp.
grown for their showy flowers. Excellent in winter. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) tubergeniana, S. ‘Tubergeniana’, illus. p.420. tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’.
as potted plants. Frost hardy to frost S. natalensis. See Merwilla plumbea.
tender. Grow in a sunny, sheltered position S. non-scripta. See Hyacinthoides Scirpus setaceus. See Isolepsis
and in fertile, well-drained soil. Pinch out non-scripta. setaceus.
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