Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers by Christopher Brickell (book-drive.com)

SUMMER

PINK

Lathyrus odoratus
‘Mrs. Bernard Jones’
Vigorous, annual, tendril climber
with mid-green leaves. Produces
large, strongly scented, wavy-edged,
sugar-pink flowers, suffused white at
the margins, from summer to early fall.
H 6ft (2m).

ADZ9–10t

Lathyrus latifolius Jasminum x stephanense climbesrhsraunbsd wall
(Everlasting pea, Perennial pea) Vigorous, deciduous, twining climber
Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged with simple or pinnate, matte green
stems. Leaves have broad stipules and leaves. Produces loose clusters of
a pair of leaflets. Bears small racemes of fragrant, 5-lobed, pale pink flowers,
pink-purple flowers in summer and early from early to midsummer, sometimes
fall. H 6ft (2m) or more. producing a second flush later in the
season. H 16–22ft (5–7m).
ADZ5–9t
BDZ7–11

Actinidia kolomikta Grevillea ‘Canberra Gem’ Bomarea edulis 201
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining Vigorous, evergreen shrub with silky Deciduous, twining climber with
climber with 3–6in (8–16cm) long leaves, stems and linear, pointed, green leaves, lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
the upper sections often creamy-white to 11⁄4in (3cm) long. Late winter to From early summer to fall, bears
and pink. Bears small, cup-shaped, white midsummer, and occasionally through umbellike clusters of narrowly
flowers in summer, male and female the year, produces short racemes of bell-shaped flowers, to 11⁄2in (3.5cm)
on separate plants. H 12ft (4m). small, tubular, white-tipped, pink-red long, pink–light red, with yellow-
flowers. H and S 6–13ft (2–4m). flecked throats. H 6–10ft (2–3m).
ADZ5–8
ADMZ9–11t ADZ11

SUMMER

RED

Cestrum x cultum Lapageria rosea Schisandra rubriflora
Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub. (Chilean bellflower, Copihue) Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
Nodding shoots carry downy, deep Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining climber with leathery, toothed leaves,
green foliage. Dense racemes of tubular, climber with oblong to ovate, leathery paler beneath. Has small, crimson
purplish-red flowers in late spring and leaves. Has pendent, fleshy, pink to flowers in spring or early summer and
summer are followed by deep red fruits. red flowers, 23⁄4–31⁄2in (7–9cm) long, drooping, red fruits in late summer.
H and S 10ft (3m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC) with paler flecks, from summer to H to 20ft (6m).
late fall. H to 15ft (5m).
ADZ9–10 BDZ7–9
BDZ10–11
Berberidopsis corallina (Coral plant)
climbers and wall Ipomoea lobata Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
shrubs Deciduous or semievergreen, twining climber with ovate to heart-shaped,
climber with 3-lobed leaves, usually leathery leaves edged with small spines.
grown as an annual. One-sided racemes Bears pendent clusters of globular, deep
of small, tubular, dark red flowers fade to red flowers in summer to early fall.
orange, then creamy-yellow, in summer. H 14ft (4.5m).
H to 15ft (5m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC)
BDMZ8–9
ADZ10–11t
Crinodendron hookerianum
Ipomoea quamoclit (Cypress vine) Tropaeolum speciosum (Lantern tree)
Annual, twining climber with ovate, (Flame creeper, Flame nasturtium) Evergreen, stiffly-branched shrub.
bright green leaves cut into many Herbaceous, twining climber with a In late spring and early summer,
threadlike segments. Slender, tubular, creeping rhizome and lobed, blue- lanternlike, red flowers hang from
orange or scarlet flowers are carried in green leaves. Bears scarlet flowers in shoots clothed with narrow, dark
summer–fall. H 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 45ºF summer, followed by bright blue fruits green leaves. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).
(7ºC) surrounded by deep red calyces. Roots
should be in shade. H to 10ft (3m). BEMZ9–11
202
ADZ8–11
ADZ9–10t

PURPLE

Desfontainia spinosa Callistemon subulatus Rhodochiton atrosanguineus
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen, arching shrub with narrowly Evergreen, leaf-stalk climber, usually
spiny, hollylike, glossy, dark green oblong, bright green leaves. Dense grown as an annual, with toothed leaves.
leaves. Long, tubular, drooping, red spikes of crimson flowers are produced Has tubular, blackish-purple flowers,
flowers, tipped with yellow, are borne in summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). with bell-shaped, red-purple calyces,
from midsummer to late fall. from late spring to late fall.
H and S 6ft (2m). H to 10ft (3m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

BEMZ8–11 ADZ8–11 ADZ10–11

Callistemon citrinus ‘Splendens’ Grevillea rosmarinifolia Cestrum ‘Newellii’ climbesrhsraunbsd wall
(Crimson bottlebrush) Evergreen, rounded, well-branched Evergreen, arching shrub bearing
Evergreen, arching shrub with broad, shrub. Dark green leaves are needle- clusters of tubular, crimson flowers in
lemon-scented, gray-green leaves that shaped with reflexed margins, silky- late spring and summer. Leaves are
are bronze-red when young. In early haired beneath. Has short, dense large, broadly lance-shaped and dark
summer bright red flowers are borne in clusters of tubular, red, occasionally green. H and S 10ft (3m).
bottlebrushlike spikes. H 6–25ft (2–8m), pink or white flowers in summer.
S 5–20ft (1.5–6m). H 2–10ft (0.6–3m), S 3–15ft (1–5m). ADZ8–11

ADZ10–11 ADMZ9–11

Acca sellowiana (Pineapple guava) Campsis grandiflora Abutilon megapotamicum Lablab purpureus (Australian pea, 203
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. Dark Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen shrub with long, slender Hyacinth bean, Lablab)
green leaves have white undersides. climber. Leaves have 7 or 9 ovate, branches normally trained against a Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
In midsummer bears large, dark red toothed leaflets. Drooping clusters of wall. Pendent, bell-shaped, yellow- climber, often grown as an annual.
flowers with white-edged petals, trumpet-shaped, orange or red flowers, and-red flowers are produced from late Purple, pinkish or white flowers in
followed by edible, red-tinged, green 2–3in (5–8cm) long, are produced in late spring to fall. Leaves are ovate, with summer are followed by long pods
fruits. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m). summer and fall, abundantly in warm heart-shaped bases, and dark green. with edible seeds. H 30ft (10m).
areas. H 22–30ft (7–10m). H and S 6ft (2m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC)
ADZ8–11
ADZ7–9 ADZ8–10 ADZ9–11

SUMMER

PURPLE

Akebia trifoliata
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Mid-green leaves, bronze-
tinted when young, have 3 ovate leaflets.
Drooping racemes of purple flowers in
spring are followed by sausage-shaped,
purplish fruits. H to 30ft (10m) or more.

ADZ5–8

climbers and wall Buddleja crispa Cobaea scandens Passiflora caerulea
shrubs Deciduous, upright, bushy shrub (Cup-and-saucer vine) (Common passion flower)
that, from mid- to late summer, bears Evergreen or deciduous, woody- Fast-growing, evergreen or
racemes of small, fragrant, lilac flowers stemmed, tendril climber, grown as an semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
with white eyes. Has woolly, white annual. From late summer to first frosts tendril climber. Has white flowers,
shoots and ovate, grayish-green leaves. has flowers that open yellow-green and sometimes pink-flushed, with blue-
H and S 10ft (3m). age to purple. H 12–15ft (4–5m). or purple-banded crowns, in summer-
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). fall. H 30ft (10m).
ADZ8–9
ADZ11 ADZ6–9t

Fabiana imbricata f. violacea Aristolochia macrophylla Aconitum hemsleyanum Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’
Evergreen, upright shrub with shoots (Dutchman’s pipe) Wiry, scandent, fibrous perennial (Chilean potato tree)
that are densely covered with tiny, Vigorous, deciduous climber with with hooded, lilac flowers produced Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
heathlike, deep green leaves. Tubular, heart-shaped, dark green leaves, to in drooping clusters in late summer. woody-stemmed, scrambling climber
lilac flowers are borne profusely in early 12in (30cm) long. In summer produces Leaves are divided and mid-green. with ovate leaves. Has clusters of lilac
summer. H and S 8ft (2.5m). malodorous, trumpet-shaped, cream- Is best grown where it can scramble to purple flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across,
colored flowers, strongly mottled yellow, through a shrub or be supported. in summer. H to 20ft (6m).
204 purple, and brown. H 30ft (10m). H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
ADZ9–15t
ADZ9–11 BDZ5–8 BDZ5–8t

BLUE WISTERIA

Wisterias are large, vigorous, deciduous climbers that
flower from late spring to early summer, producing pendent
racemes, 18in (45cm) long or more, of scented, pealike
flowers. These open in shades of white, through pale
lilac-blue, to dark purple, and are sweetly scented. Often
seen growing over the front of buildings, wisterias need
strong support as they become heavy with age, and their
roots may damage building foundations. They prefer fertile,
moist, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. Unless
the soil is very poor, don’t fertilize them, as this encourages
excess growth. Choosing wisteria can be confusing because
many varieties are commonly mislabeled.

Pseudocodon convolvulacea Ipomoea tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’
Herbaceous, twining climber with (Morning glory)
1–2in (5cm) long, ovate or lance-shaped Fast-growing, annual, twining climber
leaves. Widely bell- to saucer-shaped, with heart-shaped leaves and large,
bluish-violet flowers, 1–2in (5cm) across, funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers
are borne in summer. H to 6ft (2m). borne from summer to early fall.
H to 10ft (3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).

BDZ7–9 ADZ11t

W. brachybotrys f. albiflora W. floribunda f. rosea

‘Shiro-kapitan’ t ‘Hon-beni’ t

W. frutescens t W. frutescens var. frutescens

‘Longwood Purple’ t

Plumbago auriculata (Cape leadwort)
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. Trusses
of sky-blue flowers are carried from
summer to early winter.
H 10–20ft (3–6m).

ADZ10

W. frutescens var. frutescens

‘Amethyst Falls’ t

Ceanothus ‘Puget Blue’ Ceanothus ‘Burkwoodii’ 205
Vigorous, evergreen, spreading shrub Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub
with arching branches clothed with producing dense panicles of bright
small, ovate, wrinkled, dark green blue flowers from midsummer to
leaves. In mid-spring produces abundant mid-fall. Has ovate, glossy, dark
clusters of small, deep blue flowers. green leaves, downy and gray
Is best grown trained as a wall shrub. beneath. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m).
H and S 10–13ft (3–4m).
ADZ9–10
ADZ8–11

W. floribunda f. plenifora ‘Yae-kokuryu’ t W. sinensis ‘Prolific’ t

SUMMER

YELLOW

Thladiantha dubia Grevillea juniperina f. sulphurea Hypericum ‘Rowallane’ Dendromecon rigida
Fast-growing, herbaceous or deciduous, Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with Semievergreen, arching shrub Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub,
tendril climber. Ovate to heart-shaped, almost needlelike leaves, recurved and with ovate, rich green leaves. Bears best grown against a wall. Large,
mid-green leaves, 4in (10cm) long, are dark green above, silky-haired beneath. large, bowl-shaped, deep golden- fragrant, golden-yellow flowers appear
hairy beneath; bell-shaped, yellow Has clusters of small, spidery, pale yellow flowers from midsummer to amid gray-green foliage from spring to
flowers are carried in summer. yellow flowers in spring–summer. mid- or late fall. Is cut to ground fall. H and S 10ft (3m).
H 10ft (3m). H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). level in severe winters. H to 6ft (1.8m),
S to 3ft (1m). ADZ9–11
ADZ8–11 ADMZ9–11t
BDZ7–9

climbers and wall Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’ Lonicera x americana (Honeysuckle)
shrubs Very vigorous, evergreen or Very free-flowering, deciduous,
semievergreen, upright shrub. Has woody-stemmed, twining climber.
rounded, lobed, dark green leaves Leaves are ovate, upper ones united and
and large, bright yellow flowers saucerlike. Has clusters of strongly
from late spring to mid-fall. H 20ft (6m), fragrant, yellow flowers, flushed with
S 12ft (4m). red-purple, in summer. H to 23ft (7m).

ADZ8–10t BDZ6–9t

Piptanthus nepalensis Jasminum humile ‘Revolutum’ Campsis radicans f. flava
Deciduous or semievergreen, open Evergreen, bushy shrub with glossy, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
shrub with leaves consisting of 3 large, bright green leaves divided into 3–7 climber with leaves divided into 7–11
dark blue-green leaflets. Racemes of ovate leaflets. Bears large, fragrant, ovate, toothed leaflets, downy beneath.
pealike, bright yellow flowers appear in tubular, upright, bright yellow flowers, Small clusters of trumpet-shaped,
spring–summer. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). with 5 spreading lobes, on long, slender, yellow flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) long,
green shoots from early spring to late are produced in late summer and early
206 fall. H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m). fall. H 40ft (12m).

ADZ11 ADZ7–9 ADZ5–9

ORANGE HONEYSUCKLE

Thunbergia alata (Black-eyed Susan) Fragrant, colorful and easy to grow, honeysuckles (Lonicera)
Moderately fast-growing, annual, can illuminate a border, wall, or fence with their distinctive
twining climber. Has toothed, ovate to blooms. They are mainly cultivated for their flowers, which
heart-shaped leaves and rounded, rather are tubular or funnel- to bell-shaped, and come in a range
flat, small flowers, orange-yellow with of colors, from the bright golden-yellow of L. etrusca
very dark brown centers, from early ‘Superba’, to the deep scarlet-orange of L. sempervirens.
summer to early fall. H 10ft (3m). The genus includes deciduous, semievergreen or evergreen
Min. 45ºF (7ºC). shrubs and twining climbers, which have a sweet fragrance
that intensifies at night. Honeysuckles need fertile, well-
ADZ11–15 drained soil, in sun or partial shade. Prune back young
growth soon after flowering. Most produce berries, which
should not be eaten.

L. etrusca ‘Michael Rosse’

L. etrusca ‘Superba’

L. japonica L. henryi L. sempervirens t
‘Aureoreticulata’

Tropaeolum tuberosum var.  Bomarea multiflora 207
lineamaculatum ‘Ken Aslet’ Herbaceous, twining climber with
Herbaceous climber with yellowish, rounded clusters of 5–40 tubular to
red-streaked tubers and blue-green funnel-shaped, orange-red flowers,
leaves. From mid-summer to fall spotted crimson within, in summer.
has flowers with red sepals and orange H 10–12ft (3–4m).
petals. In cool areas, lift and store tubers
in winter. H to 8ft (2.5m). ADZ11

ADZ8–15

L. periclymenum Serotina Group

SUMMER FALL RED

ORANGE WHITE Campsis x tagliabuana
‘Madame Galen’
Eccremocarpus scaber Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
(Chilean glory flower) climber with leaves of 7 or more
Evergreen, subshrubby, tendril climber, narrowly ovate, toothed leaflets.
often grown as an annual. In summer Trumpet-shaped, orange-red flowers
has racemes of small, orange-red are borne in pendent clusters from late
flowers, followed by inflated fruit summer to fall. H to 30ft (10m).
pods containing many winged seeds.
H 6–10ft (2–3m). ADZ5–9

ADZ11 Vitis ‘Brant’
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climbers and wall Mutisia decurrens Fallopia baldschuanica climber with lobed, toothed, green
shrubs Evergreen, tendril climber with narrowly (Mile-a-minute plant, Russian vine) leaves, 4–9in (10–22cm) long. In fall
oblong leaves, 23⁄4–5in (7–13cm) long. Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, leaves mature to brown-red, except
Flower heads, 4–5in (10–13cm) across twining climber with drooping panicles for the veins. Produces tiny flowers in
with red or orange ray flowers, are of pink or white flowers in summer–fall. summer, followed by green or purple
produced in summer. Proves difficult H 40ft (12m) or more. fruits. H to 22ft (7m) or more.
to establish, but is worthwhile.
H to 10ft (3m). AEZ5–9 BDZ5–9

ADZ8–9

208 Campsis radicans ‘Flamenco’ Jasminum polyanthum
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leaves divided into 7–11 climber. Dark green leaves have 5 or
ovate, toothed leaflets, downy beneath. 7 leaflets. Large clusters of fragrant,
Small clusters of trumpet-shaped, 5-lobed, white flowers, sometimes
orange-red flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) reddish on the outside, are carried
long, are produced in late summer from late summer to winter.
and early fall. H 40ft (12m). H 10ft (3m) or more.

ADZ5–9 ADZ9–10

Cotoneaster horizontalis (Wall-spray) Parthenocissus tricuspidata climbesrhsraunbsd wall
Deciduous, stiff-branched, spreading (Boston ivy, Japanese ivy)
shrub. Glossy, dark green leaves redden Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
in late fall. Bears pinkish-white flowers tendril climber. Has spectacular,
from late spring to early summer, crimson, fall leaf color and dull blue
followed by red fruits. berries. Will cover large expanses
H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). of wall. H to 70ft (20m).

ADZ6–9t BDZ4–8t

Vitis coignetiae (Crimson glory vine) Cayratia thomsonii Parthenocissus tricuspidata ‘Lowii’
Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. Large leaves, brown- climber. Has glossy, green leaves with tendril climber with deeply cut and
haired beneath, are brightly colored in 5 leaflets that turn red-purple in fall, and crinkled, 3–7-lobed leaves that turn
fall. Has tiny, pale green flowers in black berries. Provide some shade for crimson in fall. Has insignificant flowers,
summer, followed by purplish-bloomed, best fall color. H to 30ft (10m). followed by dull blue berries. H to 70ft
black berries. H to 50ft (15m). (20m).
BDZ4–8t
BDZ4–8 BDZ4–8t 209

FALL

PURPLE

Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber with toothed, 3- or 5-lobed,
purplish leaves, white-haired when
young. Has tiny, pale green flowers
in summer and tiny, green or purple
berries. H to 23ft (7m).

ADZ6–9

climbers and wall Billardiera longiflora
shrubs Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with narrow leaves. Small,
bell-shaped, sometimes purple-tinged,
green-yellow flowers are produced
singly in leaf axils in summer, followed
by purple-blue fruits in fall.
H to 6ft (2m).

BDZ8–9

210 Ampelopsis megalophylla Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Parthenocissus tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’
Vigorous, deciduous climber with var. maximowiczii Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
glaucous shoots and large, pinnate to Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed tendril climber. Has spectacular,
2-pinnate, dark green leaves, glaucous twining, tendril climber with dark green red-purple, fall leaf color and
beneath. Axillary clusters of small, green leaves that vary in size and shape. Bears dull blue berries. Greenish flowers
flowers, in summer, are followed by inconspicuous, greenish flowers in are insignificant. H to 70ft (20m).
small, top-shaped, purple fruits that summer, followed by pinkish-purple,
later turn black. H 30ft (10m). later bright blue berries. H to 15ft (5m). BDZ4–8t

ADZ5–8 BDZ5–8

GREEN YELLOW

Hedera helix ‘Glacier’ x Fatshedera lizei (Tree ivy)
Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging Evergreen, loose-branched shrub
climber or trailing perennial bearing that forms a mound of deeply lobed,
5-lobed, silvery-gray-green leaves. glossy, deep green leaves. May also
H 10ft (3m). be trained as a climber. Sprays of
small, white flowers appear in fall.
BDZ5–11t H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 10ft (3m).

ADZ8–11

Acacia dealbata climbesrhsraunbsd wall
(Mimosa, Silver wattle)
Fast-growing, evergreen, spreading
tree. Has feathery, blue-green leaves
with many leaflets. Racemes of globular,
fragrant, bright yellow flower heads
are borne in winter–spring.
H 50ft (15m), S 50ft (15m).

ADZ9–11

Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’ Hedera colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’ Hedera helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’ Itea ilicifolia
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen, self-clinging climber or Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging Evergreen, bushy shrub with arching
ovate, wavy-edged, leathery, dark green trailing perennial with large, ovate, climber or trailing perennial bearing shoots and ovate, sharply toothed,
leaves. Very long, gray-green catkins, unlobed leaves variegated yellow and 5-lobed, dark green leaves with bright glossy, dark green leaves. Long,
with yellow anthers, are borne from light green. Is suitable for growing yellow centers. Is slow to establish, catkinlike racemes of small, greenish
mid- or late winter to early spring. against a wall. H 15ft (5m). then grows rapidly; is not suitable for flowers appear in late summer and early
H and S 12ft (4m). ground cover. H 20ft (6m). fall. H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 10ft (3m).

ADZ8–11 BDZ6–11t BDZ5–11t ADZ7–9 211



PERENNIALS

One of the largest plant groups, perennials offer seasonal color,
fragrance, form, and texture, with a wealth of plants to suit
every size and style of garden. They are traditionally grown

in herbaceous borders, using a wall or hedge as the backdrop
for the main summer display, but since most gardens are not
large enough for long borders solely devoted to perennials, they
are usually grown in mixed borders, together with shrubs,
annuals, biennials, and bulbs that extend the seasons of interest.
Although some perennials are evergreen, most die back in fall
and emerge again in spring. While this can leave borders bare in

winter, the seedheads and dried stems of some perennials,
including rudbeckias, echinops, and hylotelephiums,

provide a beautiful display when others have disappeared.

PERENNIALS

One of the largest and most versatile plant groups, perennials offer SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
a seasonally changing diversity of color, fragrance, form, and texture.
The choice of perennials is vast, and there is a huge choice to suit any Large Medium Small
garden style, from traditional to modern. over 4ft 2–4ft up to 2ft
(1.2m) (60cm–1.2m) (60cm)

What are perennials? cultivation needs; you may also find that create a spectacular display in summer.
inspiration for garden planting schemes by Today, most people do not have space for
Perennials are nonwoody plants that live looking at natural landscapes for symbiotic such a scheme, and perennials are now
for two or more years and, when mature, planting groups. For example, a deciduous more commonly used in smaller beds and
produce flowers annually. The term often woodland may feature a range of shade- borders with other plants, such as shrubs,
includes grasses and ferns. Although loving ferns that marry well together. bulbs, and annuals. However, the design
some perennials are evergreen, most ideas employed in these large borders can
are herbaceous and will die back each When perennials are massed together in be used in more modest schemes, with tall
fall, emerging again in spring. borders, consider their eventual height and plants sited at the back, midrange types in
spread to ensure vigorous types do not the middle, and compact perennials planted
Choosing perennials overshadow or swamp more delicate plants. at the front, ensuring that all can be seen
clearly and no plants are obscured by taller
When making your selections, first check Designing with neighbors. Plants are grouped in swaths of
that the plants suit the climate, exposure, perennials three or more of the same species, which
soil type, and light levels in your garden. lends borders a visual unity and rhythm.
Plants struggling in unsuitable conditions Long herbaceous borders, often 10ft (3m)
will not fulfill their intended purpose if or more in depth, flanked by turf and Groups of tall verbascums, eupatoriums,
they fail to flower or grow to fill their backed by a wall or hedge, were and delphiniums create a backdrop for the
allotted space. The best results are usually traditionally planted with perennials border plants in front, while low, ground-
achieved by grouping plants with similar covering perennials such as Cerastium
tomentosum and Stachys byzantina are
perennials ideal at the front. Superb effects can then
be created by using large specimens as
focal points, especially those that have
an architectural form, such as cardoons
(Cynara cardunculus) and bear’s breeches
(Acanthus), or a tall grass such as a
miscanthus, or Stipa gigantea.

Introduce a variety of shapes and textures
by combining the rounded forms of sedums,
hylotelephiums, and geraniums with upright
Kniphofia or salvias, for instance, or finely
cut Corydalis flexuosa leaves with the bolder

214 ABOVE Frosted seed heads
Most perennials die down in winter, leaving borders
bare, but a few, such as Echinacea purpurea ‘Kim’s
Knee High’ form decorative seed heads that remain
for many months in winter.

LEFT Contrasting colors and forms
This design focuses on matching the blues and yellows of
delphiniums, echinops, salvias, Thalictrum flavum subsp.
glaucum, nepetas, verbascums, and foxgloves. Contrasting
flower forms intensify the effect.

DIVIDING PERENNIALS

This easy method of propagation can be used
to propagate most herbaceous perennials as
well as to rejuvenate large, tired clumps that are
no longer flowering well. You can also divide
newly bought perennials, providing they are
large enough and have clearly divisible stems,
to make the most of your purchases. Most
perennials can be divided in fall or early spring
just as the shoots appear.

outlines of hostas in shady areas. Or use ABOVE Contrasting foliage 1 Dig up the plant perennials
the stems of bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos In damp, dappled shade, elegant contrasts of foliage In early spring, select a clump of plants and
spectabilis) and Polygonatum x hybridum to form and texture create an atmosphere of lush abundance. water them well. Cut back any old top growth to the
gracefully arch over shorter plants, such as A selection of bergenias, hostas, ferns, and ligularias are ground. Using a fork, lift the clump of plants, being
heucheras and Alchemilla mollis. included in this lush scheme. very careful to keep the whole rootball intact.

When making your selections, consider hylotelephiums, sedums, and grasses. 2 Divide with forks
the foliage shape, form, and texture as These can be left to provide interest until Cut solid crowns into portions with a spade
well as flower colors. The boldly pleated new shoots appear in spring. Prairie-style or old bread knife. If you cannot pry other pieces
foliage of veratrums and delicate, pinnate schemes use these types of plants for year- apart by hand, use two forks held back-to-back
leaves of Polemonium caeruleum are worthy round interest; rather than planting in long to split the clump into smaller sections.
of consideration, while furry verbascums borders, perennials and grasses are used
are seductively tactile. in large, bold groups, with tall see-through
plants in front of shorter ones. Just a few
The disadvantage of planting herbaceous plant species are used, and repeated to
perennials is that the garden looks bare in mirror nature. The effects of prairie
winter, unless you plant sturdy types with schemes are best seen in larger gardens.
long-lasting seedheads, such as rudbeckias,

STAKING BORDER PERENNIALS

Many tall perennials, such as delphiniums and achilleas, become top-heavy and
require some form of support. If you provide plant supports early in the season,
the plants will grow through and disguise them. Plants staked at a later date,
especially once they have already flopped, always tend to look trussed up.

Using canes Using twiggy sticks Using metal spirals 3 Replant the divisions 215
Bamboo canes are ideal for Plants with moundlike growth Metal spirals provide good Discard the dead central portions of overgrown
supporting tall flowers such as will grow through and be support for perennials such clumps. Replant healthy, hand-sized pieces with strong
delphiniums. Use soft twine to tie supported by twiggy sticks as this Pimpinella, and also buds in soil improved with well-rotted organic matter,
the stems to the supports. placed around stems in spring. make decorative features. such as manure. Water in well.

LARGE PINK PURPLE

SUMMER

WHITE

Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba Romneya coulteri (Tree poppy) Cynara cardunculus (Cardoon)
Clump-forming, upright perennial with Vigorous, bushy, shrubby perennial, Stately perennial with large clumps
branched, slender stems and pinnate, grown for its large, fragrant, white of arching, pointed, divided, silver-
toothed leaves. Pendent, bottlebrushlike flowers, with prominent centers of gray leaves, above which rise large,
spikes of fluffy, white flowers are borne golden stamens, that are borne in late thistlelike, blue-purple flower heads
in late summer. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm). summer. Has deeply divided, gray borne singly on stout, gray stems in
leaves. H and S 6ft (2m). summer. Flower heads dry well.
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
AEZ9–7 ADZ8–10
ADZ7–10

perennials

Crambe cordifolia Chamaenerion angustifolium ‘Album’ Eremurus robustus Veratrum nigrum
Robust perennial with clouds of (White rosebay) Upright perennial with straplike leaves (Black false hellebore)
small, fragrant, white flowers borne Vigorous, upright perennial bearing that die back during summer as huge Erect, stately perennial that from late
in branching sprays in summer above sprays of pure white flowers along racemes of cup-shaped, pink blooms summer onward bears long spikes of
mounds of large, crinkled and lobed, wandlike stems in late summer. Leaves appear. Cover crowns in winter with chocolate-purple flowers at the ends of
dark green leaves. H 6ft (2m) or more, are small and lance-shaped. May spread. compost or bracken. Needs staking. H 7ft stout, upright stems. Stems are clothed
S 4ft (1.2m). H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 20in (50cm) or more. (2.2m), S 3ft (1m). with ribbed, ovate to narrowly ovate
leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ6–9 ADZ3–7 ADZ5–8
BEZ6–9t

Artemisia lactiflora (White mugwort) Impatiens tinctoria Macleaya microcarpa Phormium ‘Dazzler’
Vigorous, erect perennial. Many sprays Vigorous, upright, tuberous perennial ‘Kelway’s Coral Plume’ Evergreen, upright perennial with tufts
of creamy-white buds open to off-white with fleshy, branched stems and ovate, Clump-forming perennial that in of bold, stiff, pointed leaves in tones of
flowers in summer. Dark green leaves toothed, dark green leaves. In late summer produces branching spikes of yellow, salmon-pink, orange-red and
are jagged-toothed. Needs staking and summer, produces large, night-scented, rich pink-buff flowers. Large, rounded, bronze. Bluish-purple stems carry
is best as a foil to stronger colors. H 4–5ft white-and-purple flowers. Needs shelter lobed leaves are gray-green above, panicles of reddish flowers in summer.
(1.2–1.5m), S 20in (50cm). and fertile soil. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). gray-white beneath. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), H 6–8ft (2–2.5m) in flower, S 3ft (1m).
S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
216 ADZ7–11 AEZ9–11
ADZ4–9
ADZ5–8

DELPHINIUMS

Delphiniums make a bold statement in summer gardens,
with their elegant, showy spires of single or double flowers.
Their classic color is blue, but hybrids are now available in
a broad range of colors, from white and pastel shades of
pink and lilac, to rich mauves, violet-purples, and new red
selections. Grow tall delphiniums in a mixed border or island
bed, and dwarf types in a rock garden. Plants thrive in full
sun and well-drained soil and, apart from dwarf species and
cultivars, all require staking securely to support their heavy
flower spikes. In growth, water all plants freely, applying
a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2–3 weeks. Deadhead by
cutting spent flower spikes back to small, flowering
sideshoots. Protect plants from slugs and snails.

D. ‘Gillian Dallas’ t D. ‘Can-can’ t

D. ‘Olive Poppleton’ t D. ‘Sandpiper’ t D. ‘Langdon’s Royal Flush’ t D. ‘Min’ t D. ‘Cliveden Beauty’ t

D. ‘Elizabeth Cook’ t D. ‘Spindrift’ t

D. ‘Bruce’ t D. grandiflorum

‘Blue Butterfly’ t

217

D. ‘Red Caroline’ t D. ‘Lucia Sahin’ t D. ‘Michael Ayres’ t D. ‘Alice Artindale’ t D. ‘Loch Leven’ t

LARGE BLUE

SUMMER

PURPLE

Thalictrum ‘Elin’ Galega x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’ Delphinium ‘Kestrel’
Clump-forming perennial with fernlike, Vigorous, upright perennial with spikes Vigorous, perennial, Elatum Group
blue-green leaves. Erect, sturdy, of small, pealike, blue and pinkish-white delphinium with a branching habit and
purplish-green stems bear billowing flowers in summer above bold leaves dark green leaves. In early summer,
panicles of tiny, fluffy, creamy-yellow divided into ovate leaflets. Needs bears semidouble, rich blue flowers,
and purple flowers in summer. staking. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). 21⁄2-3in (6–7cm) across, with dark brown
H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm) or more. eyes, on spikes to 3ft (90cm) long.
ADZ5–11 H to 6ft (2m), S 2–3ft (60–90cm).
ADZ5–8
CEMZ5–8

HIMALAYAN POPPIES

With delicate flowers in a wide range
of colors, including beautiful shades
of sky blue, Meconopsis (Himalayan
poppies) are striking garden plants.
Some also have attractive rosettes of
foliage that develop slowly before the
first flowers appear. Many are suited to
moist, woodland conditions in light or
partial shade, and acidic, well-drained
soil; others are best treated as alpines in
raised beds or troughs. All prefer cooler
conditions. Most of the big blue poppy
cultivars are sterile and very long-lived.
Other Meconopsis are monocarpic
perennials, living for a few years before
flowering, setting seed, and then dying.

M. George Sherriff Group M. Infertile Blue Group M. Infertile Blue Group
‘Jimmy Bayne’ ‘Slieve Donard’ ‘Crewdson Hybrid’

M. Fertile Blue Group
‘Lingholm’

218 M. ‘Marit’ M. grandis M. x cookei ‘Old Rose’ M. napaulensis of gardens

M. baileyi var. alba

GREEN YELLOW

Angelica archangelica (Angelica) Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’ Inula magnifica
Upright perennial, usually grown as a Semievergreen perennial with large, Robust, clump-forming, upright
biennial, with deeply divided, bright ovate, deeply cut, glossy leaves. New perennial with a mass of lance-shaped
green leaves and white or green flowers leaves are golden-yellow, fading to to elliptic, rough leaves. Leafy stems
in late summer. Stems have culinary green. Spires of white and mauve bear terminal heads of large, daisylike,
usage and when crystallized may be flowers are borne in summer. yellow flower heads in late summer.
used for confectionery decoration. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Needs staking. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m).
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
BDZ7–11 ADZ5–8
ADZ4–9

perennials

Ferula communis (Giant fennel) Delphinium ‘Sungleam’
Upright perennial. Large, cow- Herbaceous, Elatum Group perennial
parsleylike umbels of yellow flowers with spikes, 16–30in (40–75cm) long,
are borne from late spring to summer of semidouble, white flowers, 2–3in
on the tops of stems that arise from a (5–7cm) across, overlaid with pale
mound of finely cut, mid-green foliage. yellow and with yellow eyes, produced
H  6–7ft (2–2.3m), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). in midsummer. H 51⁄2–6ft (1.7–2m),
S 2–3ft (60–90cm).
ADZ6–9
ADZ3–7t

Musa basjoo (Japanese banana) Verbascum olympicum Ligularia ‘The Rocket’ 219
Evergreen, palmlike, suckering Semievergreen, rosette-forming Clump-forming perennial with
perennial with arching leaves to biennial or short-lived perennial. triangular, deeply toothed leaves
3ft (1m) long. Has drooping, pale Branching stems, arising from feltlike, on tall stems. In summer, produces
yellow flowers with brownish bracts gray foliage at the plant base, bear dark-stemmed racemes of daisylike,
in summer followed by green fruits. sprays of 5-lobed, bright golden bright yellow flower heads.
H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). flowers from midsummer onward. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m).
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
ADZ8–11 BEZ4–8
ADZ5–9

LARGE FALL PINK
WHITE
SUMMER

ORANGE

Hedychium ‘Tara’
Erect, rhizomatous perennial with
stout, leafy stems bearing lance-shaped,
gray-green leaves. Cylindrical racemes
of tubular, spidery, scented, orange
flowers, with prominent stamens, are
borne in late summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
(60cm) or more.

ADZ8–10

perennials

Actaea simplex Thalictrum delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’
Upright perennial with arching spikes Clump-forming perennial with fernlike,
of tiny, slightly fragrant, star-shaped, mid-green leaves. Bears large, billowing
white flowers in fall. Leaves are glossy panicles of tiny, double, lavender flowers
and divided. Needs staking. H 4–5ft from late summer to fall. H 5ft (1.5m),
(1.2–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). S 2ft (60cm) or more.

BEZ4–8 ADZ4–7

Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’ Leucanthemella serotina Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine Jobert’ Veronicastrum virginicum
Clump-forming perennial with narrowly Erect perennial with lance-shaped, Vigorous, branching perennial. Slightly ‘Fascination’
strap-shaped, soft green leaves. In toothed, dark green leaves. Leafy stems cupped, white flowers with contrasting Upright perennial with stout stems
summer, produces stout, dense spikes produce sprays of large, green-centered, yellow stamens are borne on wiry stems bearing erect racemes of tiny, star-
of star-shaped, coppery-orange flowers. white flower heads in late fall. H 5ft in late summer and early fall above shaped, lavender flowers, darker at
H 1.5m (5ft), S 50cm (20in). (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). deeply divided, dark green leaves. H 5ft the tips, in mid- and late summer. Has
(1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). lance-shaped, whorled, dark green
220 BEZ4–9 leaves. H 5ft (1.5cm), S 16in (40cm).
BDZ4–8t
ADZ5–8 ADZ4–8

PURPLE

Salvia involucrata ‘Bethellii’ Eupatorium maculatum ‘Riesenschirm’ Verbena bonariensis
Subshrubby perennial that produces Upright, deciduous perennial with Perennial with a basal clump of dark
long racemes of large, cerise-crimson rounded, fluffy, purple-pink flower heads green leaves. Upright, wiry stems
blooms, with pink bracts, in late in late summer, which are attractive to carry tufts of tiny, purplish-blue
summer and fall. Leaves are ovate insects. Ovate to lance-shaped, reddish- flowers in summer–fall. H 5ft (1.5m),
to heart-shaped. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), green leaves are arranged in whorls up S 2ft (60cm).
S 3ft (1m). purple stems. Superb for the back of a
deep border. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). ADZ7–11
ADZ11–15
AEZ5–11 E. ‘Harvest Moon’

ECHINACEA E. paradoxa

Admired for their cone- and daisylike
flowers, Echinacea cultivars have
expanded their repertoire; while once
they were restricted to purple, pink,
and white, a range of green, orange,
yellow, and red flowers are now
available, as well as double-flowered
forms. They create bold and beautiful
late summer and early fall displays,
and the faded flower heads also offer
structural interest into winter. Grow
plants in well-drained, humus-rich soil
in full sun, although they will tolerate
some shade. Protect young plants
from slug and snail damage.

E. angustifolia

E. purpurea ‘Doubledecker’ E. purpurea ‘Razzmatazz’

221

E. purpurea ‘Coconut Lime’ E. purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’ E. purpurea ‘Magnus’ E. purpurea ‘Sundown’

JAPANESE ANEMONES LARGE

These useful plants fill the late summer and early fall FALL
garden with single or double flowers held on slender
stems above handsome, divided, ground-covering foliage. YELLOW
The blooms are available in white and shades of pink
and purple and are ideal for the middle to back of mixed
borders, and in woodland gardens, injecting interest
when many other flowers have faded. Border anemones
are easy to grow, and thrive in a wide range of soil
conditions and in sun or light shade. Once the plants
are established, they develop into large clumps, which
can be lifted and divided in fall or spring.

Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Goldquelle’
Erect perennial. In late summer and fall,
daisylike, double, bright yellow flower
heads with green centers are borne
singly on stout stems. Has deeply
divided, mid-green foliage. H 5–6ft
(1.5–2m), S 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm).

ADZ3–9

A. hupehensis var. japonica

‘Bressingham Glow’ t

A. x hybrida ‘Robustissima’ A. hupehensis var. japonica Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’ Helianthus x multiflorus
‘Pamina’ Vigorous, upright, rhizomatous ‘Loddon Gold’
A. x hybrida ‘Königin perennial with stout, branched stems Upright perennial bearing showy,
Charlotte’ bearing ovate, rough, dark green leaves. large, vivid deep yellow flower heads
Bears masses of large, daisylike, pale with rounded, double centers in late
yellow flower heads in summer–fall. summer and early fall. Needs staking
H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. and may spread quickly. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ4–9
ADZ5–9t

A. x hybrida ‘September A. hupehensis ‘Praecox’

Charm’ t

222 Helianthus salicifolius
(Willow-leaved sunflower)
A. x hybrida ‘Whirlwind’ Upright, clump-forming perennial
with whorls of lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. Clusters of daisylike, yellow
flowers are borne on branching stems
in fall. Best at the back of a border. H 6ft
(2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

ADZ6–9

A. hupehensis ‘Bowles’s Pink’

MEDIUM PINK PURPLE

SPRING

WHITE

Ranunculus aconitifolius Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial (Bleeding heart, Dutchman’s trousers)
with deeply divided, dark green leaves. Leafy perennial forming a hummock
Single, white flowers, about 1in (3cm) of fernlike, mid-green foliage, above
across, are borne in spring and early which rise arching stems of pendent,
summer. H and S 3ft (1m). heart-shaped, pinkish-red and white
flowers in late spring and summer.
AEZ5–9 H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm).

BDZ3–9t

perennials

Maianthemum racemosum Polygonatum x hybridum Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata
(False spikenard) (Solomon’s seal) ‘Black Barlow’
Arching perennial. Has ovate, light Arching, leafy perennial with fleshy Clump-forming perennial with mid-
green leaves terminating in feathery rhizomes. In late spring, clusters of green leaves divided into lobed leaflets.
sprays of white flowers that are borne small, pendent, tubular, greenish-white In late spring and early summer, bears
from spring to midsummer, and are flowers are produced in axils of neat, double, dark purple flowers with
followed by fleshy, reddish fruits. ovate leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). spreading petals on many-branched
H 30–36in (75–90cm), S 18in (45cm). stems. H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm).
CDZ6–9t
BEZ4–9 ADZ3–8

Lamprocapnos spectabilis ’Alba’ Diascia personata Geranium phaeum (Mourning widow) 223
Leafy perennial forming a hummock Semievergreen, semierect perennial Clump-forming perennial with lobed,
of fernlike, deeply cut, light green with masses of lobed, dusky-pink soft green leaves and maroon-purple
foliage with arching sprays of pendent, flowers held in spires from late spring flowers, with reflexed petals, borne
heart-shaped, pure white flowers to the first frosts. Small, narrowly ovate, on rather lax stems in late spring. H 30in
in late spring and summer. H 24–30in mid-green leaves are borne on rather (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
(60–75cm), S 24in (60cm). lax, brittle stems, which require support.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm). CDZ4–8
BDZ3–9t
ADZ8–9

IRISES I. ‘Ringo’ t [bearded] I. ensata ‘Rose Queen’ t I. japonica t [Evansia]

Few other perennials show such diversity of flower color [bearded]
as irises; and you will find one for almost every position in
the garden. They have a long flowering season, the earliest
appearing in the first months of the year, the latest in early
fall. Their flowers often have “beards” (short hairs) or crests
that add to their appeal, while a few are grown for their
foliage or seed heads. The genus is classified into many
divisions. Of these, the easiest to grow are the bearded,
crested, and Xiphium irises. Siberian and Japanese types
are ideal for bog gardens or watersides, but they will tolerate
drier sites. Juno, Oncocyclus and Regelia irises are more
difficult to grow, though their beautiful flowers are worth
the effort. For more information, see the Plant Dictionary.

I. ‘Bold Print’ t [bearded]

I. ‘Green Spot’ t [bearded] I. hoogiana t [Regelia]

I. confusa t [crested] I. ensata ‘Moonlight Waves’ I. cristata t [Evansia]
t [beardless]

I. ‘Dreaming Yellow’ t I. ‘Champagne Elegance’ t I. sanguinea ‘Snow Queen’ I. unguicularis I. ‘Jane Phillips’

[Siberian] [bearded] t [Siberian] subsp. cretensis t [beardless] [bearded]

I. magnifica t [Juno] I. germanica ‘Florentina’ t

[bearded]

224 I. ‘Frost and Flame’ t [bearded] I. orientalis t [Spuria] I. ‘English Cottage’ t [bearded] I. ‘Deep Black’ t [bearded]
I. bucharica t [Juno]

I. variegata t [bearded] I. winogradowii t [Reticulata]

I. ‘Tropic Night’ t [Siberian] I. x robusta ‘Gerald Darby’ t I. ‘Eyebright’ t [bearded] I. ‘Bumblebee Deelite’ t I. pseudacorus t [beardless]

[beardless] [bearded]

I. ‘Mountain Lake’ t I. reticulata ‘Cantab’ t I. ‘Ola Kala’ t [bearded]

[Siberian] [Reticulata]

I. ‘Perry’s Blue’ t [Siberian] I. ‘Berlin Tiger’ t [Japanese]

I. unguicularis ‘Mary Barnard’ I. ‘Soft Blue’ t [Siberian]
[beardless]
I. ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ t I. ‘Kent Pride’ t [bearded] I. ‘Holden Clough’ t
I. ‘Black Tie Affair’ [bearded]
[Reticulata] [beardless]

225

I. chrysographes t [Siberian] I. ‘Blue Rhythm’ t [bearded] I. foetidissima t [beardless] I. ‘Carnaby’ t [bearded]

AQUILEGIAS

Commonly known as columbines, Aquilegia are ideal cottage
garden plants, well suited to growing in borders, rock
gardens, and as fillers between summer-flowering shrubs.
Most are graceful, elegant plants with divided basal foliage
topped in late spring and summer by a succession of
delicate, bell-shaped, usually spurred flowers, although
some have rounded double blooms. They vary in color
from light and dark blue, purple, almost black, dark red,
and pink, to orange, yellow, and white; many are bicolored.
Aquilegia thrive in moist but well-drained soil, and full sun or
dappled shade. They are normally raised from seed, which is
freely produced, and once established, they tend to self-seed,
although most do not come true to type.

A. vulgaris var. stellata A. flabellata var. pumila
‘Ruby Port’

A. ‘Dove’ (Songbird Series) A. ‘Hensol Harebell’ A. vulgaris ‘William Guiness’

A. ‘Bluebird’ (Songbird Series)

A. vulgaris ‘Nivea’ A. ‘Dragonfly’ A. coerulea A. ‘Bunting’ (Songbird Series)

A. triternata

226 A. vulgaris var. stellata ‘Nora Barlow’ A. chrysantha A. longissima A. canadensis

A. viridiflora

MEDIUM YELLOW

SPRING

BLUE

Chelidonium majus ‘Flore Pleno’ Doronicum ‘Miss Mason’
Upright perennial with divided, bright Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
green leaves and many cup-shaped, with heart-shaped leaves. Slender stems
double, yellow flowers borne on bear daisylike, bright yellow flower
branching sprays in late spring and heads, 3in (8cm) across, held well above
early summer. Seeds freely and is best the foliage, in mid- and late spring.
in a wild garden. H 24–30in (60–90cm), H and S 2ft (60cm).
S 1ft (30cm).
BEZ4–8
ADZ5–8t

perennials

Symphytum x uplandicum Iris ‘Butter and Sugar’ Asphodeline lutea (Yellow asphodel) Aciphylla aurea (Golden Spaniard)
‘Variegatum’ Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris Neat, clump-forming perennial that Evergreen, rosette-forming
Perennial with large, hairy, gray- with large, yellow and white flowers bears dense spikes of star-shaped, perennial with long, bayonetlike,
green leaves that have broad, cream produced from late spring to early yellow flowers amid narrow, gray-green yellow-green leaves. Bears spikes
margins. In late spring and early summer. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. leaves in late spring. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), of golden flowers up to 6ft (2m) tall
summer, pink or blue buds open to S 2–3ft (0.6m–1m). from late spring to early summer.
tubular, blue or purplish-blue flowers. AEZ3–9t H and S in leaf 24–30in (60–75cm).
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ6–9 ADZ8–11
AEZ3–9t

Symphytum caucasicum Paeonia mlokosewitschii Euphorbia rigida
Clump-forming perennial carrying Clump-forming perennial with soft Mound-forming, evergreen perennial
clusters of pendent, azure-blue flowers bluish-green leaves, sometimes edged with semiupright stems with whorls
in spring above rough, hairy, mid-green reddish-purple. Produces large, single, of lance-shaped, blue-green leaves.
foliage. Best suited to a wild garden. lemon-yellow flowers in late spring and Terminal umbels of bright yellow-
H and S 2–3ft (60–90cm). early summer. H and S 30in (75cm). green flowers are borne in spring.
H  2ft (60cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

AEZ3–9t ADZ5–8t ADZ7–11t 227

PEONIES P. lactiflora ‘Pillow Talk’
[double]
Peonies (Paeonia species and cultivars) are valued for
their showy blooms, filling borders with whites, pinks, P. x suffruticosa ‘Hana-kisoi’
yellows, and reds in late spring and early- to mid-summer.
Flowers include single, double, or anemone forms (with t [tree peony]
broad, outer petals and a mass of petaloids in the center);
some are scented. They may need support when in full
bloom and make good cut flowers. The foliage is striking,
too, often tinged bronze when young and rich red in fall.
As well as many attractive species and a wide range of
herbaceous hybrids, there are several tree peonies
(cultivars of P. x suffruticosa), and intersectional hybrids,
which are crosses between the latter two. Peonies prefer
sun, but will tolerate light shade, and need rich, well-
drained soil. These long-lived plants resent transplanting
and are best left undisturbed.

P. lactiflora ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ t [double]

P. x suffruticosa ‘Hakuo-jisi’ P. lactiflora ‘White Wings’ t P. lactiflora ‘Whitleyi Major’ P. lactiflora ‘Bowl of Beauty’ P. cambessedesii t [single]
[tree peony]
[single] t [single] t [anemone]

P. lactiflora ‘Shirley Temple’

t [double]

P. lactiflora ‘Cheddar Gold’ P. lactiflora ‘Festiva Maxima’ P. lactiflora ‘Lady Alexandra P. x suffruticosa ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’ [tree peony]
Duff’ [semidouble]
[semidouble] [double]

P. obovata var. alba t

[single]

228 P. lactiflora ‘Jan van Leeuwen’ [single] P. emodi t [single] P. ‘Coral Charm’ [semidouble]

P. japonica [single]

P. x suffruticosa ‘Rimpo’ [tree peony] P. x suffruticosa ‘Cardinal Vaughan’ t [semidouble] P. ‘Bartzella’ [double]

P. lactiflora ‘Paul M. Wild’ P. anomala subsp. veitchii t P. lactiflora ‘Laura Dessert’ P. ‘Claire de Lune’ [single]
[double]
[single] t[double]

P. x festiva ‘Rubra Plena’ t P. x lemoinei ‘L’Espérance’ t

[double] [tree peony]

P. lactiflora ‘Félix Crousse’ [double] P. peregrina ‘Otto Froebel’ t P. ‘Garden Treasure’ [tree peony] P. x lemoinei ‘High Noon’
[tree peony]
[single]

229

P. ‘Buckeye Belle’ [semidouble] Paeonia delavayi var. delavayi f. lutea [single] P. ludlowii t [single]

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Ranunculus aconitifolius Asphodelus albus (White asphodel)
‘Flore Pleno’ Upright perennial with clusters of
Clump-forming perennial with deeply star-shaped, white flowers borne in
divided, dark green leaves. Double, late spring and early summer. Has
pure white flowers are borne on strong, narrow, basal tufts of mid-green leaves.
branched stems in spring–summer. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 20in (50cm).
ADZ7–11
AEZ5–9

perennials

Libertia grandiflora (New Zealand Leucanthemum x superbum ‘Aglaia’ Phlox paniculata ‘Mount Fuji’
satin flower) Robust perennial with large, daisylike, Upright perennial with star-shaped,
Loosely clump-forming, rhizomatous semidouble, yellow-centered, pure white white flowers borne in conical heads in
perennial. In early summer, produces flower heads, on stout, upright stems, late summer. Has ovate, mid-green
spikes of white flowers above grasslike, borne singly in early summer. Has leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
dark green leaves that turn brown at spoon-shaped, toothed, glossy,
the tips. Has decorative seed pods in fall. dark green leaves. H 28in (70cm), BDZ4–8
H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). S 20in (50cm).

ADZ8–11 ADZ5–8

Dictamnus albus var. albus Selinum wallichianum Hesperis matronalis var. albiflora Myrrhis odorata (Sweet Cicely)
(Burning bush) Upright, architectural perennial with Upright perennial with long spikes of Graceful perennial that resembles
Upright perennial bearing, in early dainty, long-lasting, lacy umbels of many 4-petaled, white flowers borne cow parsley. Has aromatic, fernlike,
summer, spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, star-shaped, white flowers, borne on from late spring to midsummer. Flowers mid-green foliage and fragrant, bright
white flowers with long stamens. leafy, branched stems, in mid- and have a strong fragrance in the evening. creamy-white flowers in early summer.
Light green leaves are divided into ovate late summer. Has very finely divided, Leaves are smooth and narrowly ovate. H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
leaflets. Dislikes disturbance. H 3ft (1m), fernlike, bright green leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).
S 2ft (60cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 16in (40cm).
230 ADZ4–9 ADZ3–7
ADZ3–8t ADZ4–7

Aruncus dioicus ‘Kneiffii’ Nicotiana alata Leucanthemum x superbum Morina longifolia
Hummock-forming perennial that Rosette-forming perennial, often ‘Sonnenschein’ Evergreen perennial that produces
has deeply cut, feathery leaves with grown as an annual. In late summer, Erect perennial with large, daisylike, rosettes of large, spiny, thistlelike, rich
lance-shaped leaflets on elegant stems bears clusters of tubular, creamy-white single, creamy-yellow flower heads, each green leaves. Whorls of hooded, tubular,
and bears branching plumes of tiny, flowers, pale brownish-violet externally, with a darker yellow center, borne from white flowers, flushed pink within, are
star-shaped, creamy-white flowers in which are fragrant at night. Has ovate, mid- to late summer. Has spoon-shaped, borne well above foliage in midsummer.
midsummer. H 3ft (90cm), S 20in (50cm). mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm), toothed, dark green leaves. May need H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), S 1ft (30cm).
S 1ft (30cm). staking. H 3ft (90cm), S 20in (50cm).
ADZ3–7 ADZ6–9
ADZ10–11t ADZ5–8

perennials

Ageratina altissima (Hardy age, Anaphalis triplinervis ‘Sommerschnee’ Gillenia trifoliata
Mist flower, White snakeroot) Variable, clump-forming perennial with Upright perennial with many wiry,
Erect perennial with nettlelike, obovate to elliptic, white-woolly leaves, branching stems carrying clusters
gray-green leaves. In late summer, prominently 3-veined. In mid- to late of dainty, white flowers with reddish-
bears dense, flat, white flower heads. summer, produces clusters of yellow- brown calyces in summer. Leaves are
H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). centered flower heads with bright dark green and lance-shaped. Needs
silvery-white bracts. H 20in (50cm), staking. Thrives in most situations.
BEZ4–8 S 18–24in (45–60cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

ADZ3–8 ADZ5–9

Gypsophila paniculata ‘Bristol Fairy’ Anaphalis margaritacea Valeriana officinalis (Cat’s valerian, Gaura lindheimeri 231
Perennial with small, dark green leaves (Pearl everlasting) Common valerian) Bushy perennial with racemes of
and wiry, branching stems bearing Bushy perennial that has lance-shaped, Clump-forming, fleshy perennial that star-shaped, 4-petaled, butterflylike,
panicles of tiny, double, white flowers in gray-green or silvery-gray leaves with bears spikes of white to deep pink pink-tinged or white flowers, borne on
summer. H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), S 3ft (1m). white margins and many heads of small, flowers in summer. Leaves are deeply wandlike stems, in summer. Leaves are
white flowers on erect stems in late toothed and mid-green. Has the lance-shaped and mid-green. Grows
ADZ5–9 summer. Flower heads dry well. disadvantage of attracting cats. well with grasses and other dainty
H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), S 2ft (60cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). perennials. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).

ADZ4–8 ADZ4–9 ADZ6–9

ASTILBES MEDIUM

These elegant, colorful, tough perennials are useful SUMMER
plants for moist sites. Their feathery plumes open mainly PINK
in summer and are composed of hundreds, sometimes
thousands, of tiny flowers that create diverse forms, from Linaria purpurea ‘Canon J. Went’
dense and upright to open and arching. Colors range Upright perennial bearing spikes of
from white through shades of pink, to deep reds and snapdragonlike, pink blooms with
purples. The blooms are set against neatly lobed or orange-tinged throats from mid- to late
divided foliage, which, in some cultivars, has attractive summer. Has narrow, gray-green leaves.
metallic, bronze or red tints. All prefer moist soil—they H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm).
tolerate clay well—in sun or partial shade, and they
make compact clumps in bog or waterside gardens. ADZ3–8
Watch out for signs of plant collapse, as astilbe are
susceptible to vine weevil attack.

A. ‘Sprite’

A. ‘Deutschland’ A. ‘Straussenfeder’ A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’

Tanacetum coccineum Lupinus Band of Nobles Series
‘Eileen May Robinson’ ‘The Chatelaine’
Upright perennial with slightly aromatic, Clump-forming perennial carrying
feathery leaves. Daisylike, pink flowers spikes of pink-and-white flowers above
with yellow centers are produced on divided, mid-green foliage in early
strong stems in summer. H 30in (75cm), summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
S 18in (45cm).

ADZ5–9t ADZ5–8t

A. ‘Europa’ A. ‘Feuer’ A. ‘Montgomery’
A. ‘Amethyst’
Malva moschata (Musk mallow) Centaurea pulcherrima
Bushy, branching perennial producing Upright perennial with deeply cut,
successive spikes of saucer-shaped, silvery leaves. Rose-pink flower heads,
rose-pink flowers during early summer. with thistlelike centers, paler than
Narrow, lobed, divided leaves are surrounding star-shaped ray petals,
slightly scented. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), are borne singly on slender stems in
S 2ft (60cm). summer. H 21⁄2ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).

232 ADZ3–8 ADZ4–8

A. ‘Irrlicht’ A. ‘Granat’

Mirabilis jalapa (Four o’clock flower, Geranium psilostemon
Marvel of Peru) Clump-forming perennial that has
Bushy, tuberous perennial. Fragrant, broad, deeply cut leaves with good fall
trumpet-shaped, crimson, pink, white color and many cup-shaped, single,
or yellow flowers, opening in evening, black-centered, magenta flowers in
cover mid-green foliage in summer. midsummer. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
H 2–4ft (0.6m–1.2m), S 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm).
ADZ5–6
ADZ10–11t

perennials

Physostegia virginiana var. speciosa Penstemon ‘Evelyn’
‘Variegata’ Semievergreen, bushy perennial
Erect perennial. In late summer, with racemes of small, tubular, pink
produces spikes of tubular, purplish- flowers produced from midsummer
pink blooms that can be placed into to mid-fall. Broadly lance-shaped leaves
position. Toothed, mid-green leaves are mid-green. H and S 18in (45cm).
are white-variegated. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
S 2ft (60cm). ADZ7–10

AEZ2–8

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Monarda ‘Croftway Pink’ Sidalcea ‘Oberon’
‘Thundercloud’ Clump-forming perennial carrying Upright perennial with rounded, deeply
Clump-forming perennial with a mass of whorls of hooded, soft pink blooms cut leaves divided into narrowly oblong
fernlike, silvery-green leaves. Bunched throughout summer above neat segments. In summer, produces racemes
heads of fluffy, dark lilac flowers, on mounds of aromatic foliage. of shallowly cup-shaped, clear pink
sturdy stems, are borne in summer. H 3ft H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). flowers. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
(1m), S 1ft (30cm).
AEZ4–9 ADZ5–7 233
ADZ5–9

MEDIUM

SUMMER

PINK

Astilbe ‘Venus’ Lythrum salicaria ‘Feuerkerze’ Echinacea purpurea ‘Robert Bloom’ Rehmannia elata
Leafy perennial bearing feathery, Clump-forming perennial for a Upright perennial. Has lance-shaped, Straggling perennial bearing
tapering plumes of tiny, pale pink waterside or bog garden. Bears spikes dark green leaves and large, daisylike, foxglovelike, yellow-throated, rose-
flowers in summer. Foliage is broad and of intense rose-red blooms from mid- deep crimson-pink flower heads, purple flowers in leaf axils of notched,
divided into leaflets; flowers remain on to late summer. Small, lance-shaped with conical, brown centers, borne stem-clasping, soft leaves from
the plant, dried and brown, well into leaves are borne on flower stems. singly on strong stems in summer. early to midsummer. H 3ft (1m),
winter. Prefers humus-rich soil. H 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Needs humus-rich soil. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Min. 34ºF (1ºC).
H and S to 3ft (1m). S 20in (50cm).
AEZ4–9 ADZ7–10
BEZ3–8 ADZ3–9

PERSICARIA P. microcephala ‘Red Dragon’

The popularity of Persicaria have
increased in recent years, as gardeners
realize the value of these plants in a
range of different situations. Most
flower profusely for many weeks during
summer, while those with handsome
foliage are prized for the beauty of their
leaves rather than their blooms. Taller
selections are usually self-supporting,
while lower growing types will form
useful, weed-suppressing ground cover.
Grow Persicaria in moist soil in sun or
partial shade; P. bistorta tolerates drier
soil. A word of warning: some, such as
P. microcephala ‘Red Dragon’, can be
invasive and will need to be controlled.

P. campanulata ‘Rosenrot’

P. campanulata t P. affinis ‘Superba’ P. virginiana var. filiformis
‘Lance Corporal’

234 P. bistorta ‘Superba’ t P. amplexicaulis ‘Firetail’ t P. virginiana ‘Painter’s Palette’ t

P. alpina

RED

Knautia macedonica Hedysarum coronarium
Upright perennial with deeply divided (French honeysuckle)
leaves and many rather lax, branching Spreading, shrubby perennial or
stems bearing double, almost globular, biennial. Spikes of pealike, bright
bright crimson flower heads in summer. red flowers are produced in summer
Needs staking. H 30in (75cm), above divided, mid-green leaves.
S 2ft (60cm). H and S 3ft (1m).

ADZ5–9 ADZ4–9

perennials

Achillea ‘Fanal’ Phlox paniculata ‘Prince of Orange’ Hemerocallis ‘Red Precious’
Herbaceous perennial, with slightly Upright perennial with tubular, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
grayish-green, fernlike leaves, forming 5-lobed, orange-red flowers borne bearing small, intensely red flowers,
spreading, drought-resistant clumps. in conical heads in late summer. Has with a slim, greenish-yellow stripe on
In early summer, produces flat-topped, ovate, mid-green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), each petal and a golden throat, in late
bold crimson flower heads that atttract S 2ft (60cm). summer. H and S 20in (50cm).
bees and butterflies. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft
(60cm). BDZ4–8 AEZ3–10

ADZ3–9

Lychnis chalcedonica Monarda ‘Cambridge Scarlet’ Papaver Oriental Group 235
(Jerusalem cross, Maltese cross) Clump-forming perennial that bears ‘Beauty of Livermere’
Neat, clump-forming perennial that whorls of hooded, rich red flowers above Hairy-leaved perennial with deep,
bears flat heads of small, vermilion neat mounds of aromatic, hairy foliage fleshy roots. Large, solitary, cup-shaped,
flowers at the tips of stout stems in throughout summer to early fall. H 3ft crimson-scarlet flowers, with a black
early summer. Ovate leaves are (1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). mark at the base of each petal, are
mid-green. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), borne from late spring to midsummer.
S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). AEZ3–9 H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m).

ADZ3–8 ADZ3–9

PENSTEMONS

Valued for their racemes of foxglovelike flowers,
Penstemons are elegant and reliable border perennials.
Numerous cultivars are available, in colors that include
white, pale and dark pink, warm cherry-red, clear blue,
and shades of purple. Many flowers have contrasting white
throats or are streaked with other colors. Penstemons flower
prolifically in summer and the display can be prolonged,
provided the plants are regularly deadheaded. Some taller
cultivars may need staking. All types thrive in well-drained
soil, preferably in full sun. Some are not fully hardy, and
where winters are severe, plants should be overwintered in
a cold frame. Plants are more likely to survive frost if grown
in a sheltered spot and mulched in fall. Penstemons are simple
to propagate and can easily be raised as cuttings.

P. STROMBOLI (‘Yaboli’) P. ‘Hidcote Pink’ P. ‘Stapleford Gem’

P. fruticosus var. scouleri ‘Albus’ P. ‘White Bedder’ P. ‘Apple Blossom’ P. ‘Alice Hindley’

P. ‘The Juggler’ P. digitalis ‘Husker Red’

P. ‘Beech Park’ P. ‘Mother of Pearl’

236 P. ‘Flamingo’ P. ‘Osprey’ P. kunthii

P. ‘Margery Fish’

P. ‘Rubicundus’ P. glaber

P. ‘Schoenholzeri’ P. ‘Russian River’ P. ‘Raven’

P. ‘Sour Grapes’ P. ‘King George V’ P. ‘Andenken an Friedrich Hahn’ P. ‘Papal Purple’ P. whippleanus

P. ‘Burgundy’ P. ‘Pensham Just Jayne’ P. ‘Port Wine’ P. ‘Hopleys Variegated’

237

P. ‘Chester Scarlet’ P. barbatus P. ‘Cherry’ P. heterophyllus ‘Heavenly Blue’

MEDIUM PURPLE

SUMMER

RED

Astrantia major ‘Ruby Wedding’ Cosmos atrosanguineus Filipendula purpurea Geranium palmatum
Clump-forming perennial producing (Chocolate cosmos) Upright perennial with deeply divided Evergreen perennial with large, palmate,
ruby-red flower heads on tall, slender Upright, tuberous perennial with leaves. Produces large, terminal heads bright, rather glossy, light green leaves
stems throughout summer above a mass chocolate-scented, maroon-crimson of many tiny, rich reddish-purple flowers held on sturdy stalks, growing from a
of divided, purple-flushed, mid-green flower heads in late summer. In warm in summer. Makes a good waterside central, rather woody stem. In early
leaves. H and S 2ft (60cm). areas, tubers may overwinter if protected. plant. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). summer, bears tall, branched stems of
H 2ft (60cm) or more, S 11⁄2ft (45cm). 5-petaled, magenta flowers. H 3ft (1m),
ADZ4–7 BEZ4–9 S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ7–11
BDZ7–9

ORIENTAL POPPIES

The large-flowered selections of
Papaver orientale are stars of the
early summer garden, their huge yet
delicate blooms, some with fringed
petals, borne in profusion above
mounds of hairy foliage. Numerous
selections are available, with flowers
in pastel shades of white, pink, and
plum-purple, or red and orange for
dramatic hot-hued borders. Large
round seed heads keep the display
going for a few more weeks after the
flowers have faded. Poppies thrive in
fertile soil in full sun, but plants die
down in midsummer; ensure that
other later performers fill the gaps.

P. Oriental Group ‘Karine’ P. ‘Medallion’

P. Oriental Group ‘Mrs. Perry’ P. Oriental Group ‘Turkish
Delight’

238 P. orientale var. bracteatum P. Oriental Group ‘Patty’s Plum’

P. Oriental Group ‘Orange Glow’

Dianella tasmanica Geranium sylvaticum ‘Mayflower’
Upright perennial with nodding, Upright perennial with a basal clump
star-shaped, bright blue or purple-blue of deeply lobed leaves, above which
flowers borne in branching sprays in rise branching stems of cup-shaped,
summer, followed by deep blue berries violet-blue flowers in early summer.
in fall. Has untidy, evergreen, strap- H 3ft  (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
shaped leaves. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 20in (50cm). BDZ8

ADMZ8–10

perennials

Acanthus spinosus Geranium pratense Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Veronica spicata ‘Romiley Purple’
Stately perennial that has very large, ‘Mrs. Kendall Clark’ Clump-forming perennial with a mass Clump-forming perennial that in
arching, deeply cut and spiny-pointed, Clump-forming perennial with hairy of finely divided, gray-green leaves, summer freely produces large spikes
glossy, dark green leaves. Spires of stems and deeply divided leaves. In resembling those of maidenhair fern. of purple flowers above whorled,
funnel-shaped, soft mauve and white early to mid-summer, bears erect, Bunched heads of fluffy, lilac-purple mid-green leaves. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
flowers are borne freely in summer. saucer-shaped, pearl-gray or violet-blue flowers are borne on strong stems in S 1–2ft (30–60cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. flowers with white or pale pink veins. summer. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 2ft (60cm). ADZ3–8
ADZ5–9 ADZ5–9
ADZ4–8

Linaria triornithophora Monarda fistulosa Aconitum x cammarum ‘Bicolor’ Galega orientalis 239
( Three birds toadflax) Bushy, clump-forming perennial Compact, tuberous perennial with Vigorous, upright but compact
Upright perennial that from early with branching stems. Has ovate to violet-blue and white flowers borne perennial that in summer bears spikes
to late summer produces spikes of lance-shaped, softly hairy, dark green in summer along upright stems. of pealike, blue-tinged, violet flowers
snapdragon-like, purple and yellow leaves and produces small heads of Has deeply cut, divided, glossy, dark above delicate leaves divided into ovate
flowers above narrow, gray-green lilac-purple flowers from mid- to late green leaves and poisonous roots. leaflets. Needs staking. Spreads freely.
leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

ADZ7–9 AEZ3–9 ADZ3–7t ADZ5–8

PHLOX MEDIUM BLUE

Border phlox (cultivars of P. maculata and P. paniculata) SUMMER Eryngium alpinum
are an elegant mainstay of the mid- to late summer Upright perennial with basal rosettes
border. Their dome-shaped or conical panicles of PURPLE of heart-shaped, deeply toothed, glossy
flowers, often delicately scented, are produced in white, foliage. In summer, stout stems bear
pink, red, and purple, many with contrasting eyes. Some heads of conical, purplish-blue flower
cultivars also have strikingly variegated foliage. Phlox heads, surrounded by blue bracts and
thrive in sun or partial shade in fertile, well-drained soil; soft spines. H 21⁄2–3ft (75cm–1m),
taller types may need staking. For larger flowers, reduce S 2ft (60cm).
the number of stems in spring by pinching out the
weakest shoots. To prolong flowering, deadhead ADZ6–9
regularly to encourage side shoots to bloom.

P. paniculata P. paniculata ‘Eva Cullum’
‘Graf Zeppelin’

Baptisia australis (False indigo) Agapanthus inapertus
Upright perennial bearing many- subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’
flowered racemes of pealike, violet-blue Clump-forming perennial with
flowers in summer. Bright green leaves compact, rounded clusters of pendent,
are divided into ovate leaflets. Dark gray dark violet-blue flowers, in summer.
seed pods may be used for winter Has narrowly strap-shaped, rich green
decoration. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). leaves. H 3ft (90cm), S 20in (50cm).

ADZ3–9 ADZ9

P. paniculata ‘Mia Ruys’ P. paniculata ‘Brigadier’ P. paniculata ‘Windsor’

240 Erigeron ‘Dunkelste Aller’ Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’
Clump-forming perennial with a mass Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
P. paniculata ‘Norah Leigh’ P. paniculata ‘Amethyst’ of daisylike, deep purple flower heads, with narrowly ovate, toothed, hairy,
with yellow centers, in summer. Has aromatic, gray-green leaves. In summer,
narrowly ovate, grayish-green leaves. bears loose spikes of tubular, 2-lipped,
H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. lavender-blue flowers. H 3ft (90cm),
S 4ft (1.2m).
ADZ5–8
ADZ3–8

P. paniculata ‘Hampton Court’

CAMPANULA

Archetypal cottage garden plants, tall campanulas are
valued for their spires of bell-shaped, pastel flowers,
which appear from early- to midsummer. They make
good candidates for herbaceous borders, naturalistic
planting schemes—perhaps at the edge of a woodland
garden—or with shrubs such as roses. Developments
using C. punctata have produced some superb, compact
plants with dramatic, drooping flowers suitable for the
front of a border. C. lactiflora and tall types may need
some support. Most are easily grown in sun or light
shade in reasonably fertile, moist but well-drained soil.

Anchusa azurea ‘Loddon Royalist’ Echinops bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’
Upright perennial that bears flat, single, Upright perennial with narrowly ovate,
deep blue flowers on branching spikes in divided, prickly, grayish-green leaves.
early summer. Most of the lance-shaped, Erect stems produce thistlelike, rounded
coarse, hairy leaves are at the base of heads of steely-blue flowers from mid- to
plant. Needs staking. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft late summer. Suitable even for poor
(60cm). soils. Attractive to insects. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 3ft (90cm).
ADZ3–8
ADZ5–9

C. alliariifolia C. punctata f. rubriflora C. trachelium ‘Bernice’
‘Cherry Bells’

Eryngium x oliverianum Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’
Upright perennial that produces large, Clump-forming perennial bearing
rounded heads of thistlelike, blue to large, rounded clusters of inky-blue
lavender-blue flowers in late summer. flowers, with reflexed petals, in
Has heart-shaped, jagged-edged, basal, summer, followed by long-lasting
mid-green leaves. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), seed heads. Has narrowly strap-shaped,
S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). mid-green leaves stained purple at the
bases. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.
ADZ5–8
ADZ8–11

C. lactiflora C. glomerata ‘Superba’
‘Loddon Anna’

Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’ Aconitum ‘Stainless Steel’ C. persicifolia
Compact, clump-forming perennial Erect, tuberous perennial with dense ‘Chettle Charm’
with large, rounded clusters of violet- spikes of hooded, silvery-blue flowers
blue flowers in summer followed by in mid- to late summer, held above C. takesimana
long-lasting seedheads. Has broadly deeply divided, dark green leaves.
strap-shaped, slightly silver-gray leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

ADZ9–11 AEZ4–8t 241

C. lactiflora ‘Prichard’s Variety’

MEDIUM SILVER GREEN

SUMMER

BLUE

Artemisia ‘Powis Castle’ Aciphylla squarrosa (Bayonet plant)
Semievergreen, upright subshrub Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with woody stems, usually grown as a with tufts of pointed, divided leaves.
perennial, with fernlike, silvery-gray In summer bears spiky, yellow
leaves, making an excellent foil for flowers in compound umbels with
other plants. If old growth is retained, male and female flowers often mixed.
insignificant, yellow flowers are borne H and S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
in summer. H and S 3ft (1m).
ADZ9–15
ADZ7–9

perennials

Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis Mathiasella bupleuroides
Perennial with large, dense umbels of ‘Green Dream’
sky-blue flowers borne on strong stems Upright, deciduous perennial with
in late summer over clumps of broad, divided, silvery-blue leaves. In early
almost evergreen, dark green leaves. summer has umbels of bell-shaped,
Makes a good plant for containers. pendent, jade-green flowers, which turn
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). pinkish as they age. Needs good winter
drainage. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ8–11
ADZ8–11

242 Cichorium intybus (Chicory) Campanula persicifolia Astelia chathamica Euphorbia sikkimensis
Clump-forming perennial with basal ‘Telham Beauty’ Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Spreading, upright perennial bearing
rosettes of light green leaves and Perennial with basal rosettes of with sword-shaped, erect, bright yellow cyathia cupped by pale to
daisylike, bright blue flower heads narrow, bright green leaves. In silvery-gray leaves. Panicles of greenish-yellow involucres in mid-
borne along upper parts of willowy summer, large, nodding, cup-shaped, insignificant, frothy, yellow flowers are to late summer. Young shoots are
stems in summer. Flowers are at light blue flowers are borne on slender borne in summer. H and S 4ft (1.2m). bright pink and the leaves deep green.
their best before noon. H 4ft (1.2m), spikes. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm).
S 11⁄2ft (45cm). ADZ8–9
ADZ3–8 BEZ6–9t
ADZ4–8t

YELLOW

Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia Phlomis russeliana Anthemis tinctoria ‘E.C. Buxton’
(Wolfsbane) Evergreen perennial, forming Clump-forming perennial with a mass
Upright, fibrous perennial that has excellent groundcover, with large, of daisylike, lemon-yellow flower heads
hooded, straw-yellow flowers during rough, heart-shaped leaves. Stout borne singly in summer on slim stems.
summer. Leaves are dark green and flower stems bear whorls of hooded, Cut back hard after flowering to promote
deeply divided. Requires staking. butter-yellow flowers in summer. a good rosette of crinkled leaves for
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. winter. H and S 3ft (1m).

BDZ5–8t ADZ3–9 ADZ3–8

perennials

Verbascum ‘Gainsborough’ Thermopsis rhombifolia Berkheya macrocephala
Semievergreen, rosette-forming, Upright perennial bearing spikes of Rosette-forming perennial bearing
short-lived perennial bearing branched bright yellow flowers above divided, large, daisylike, yellow flower heads
racemes of 5-lobed, pale sulphur-yellow mid-green leaves in summer. on erect, branched, spiny-leaved stems
flowers throughout summer above H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm). throughout summer. Prefers rich
ovate, mid-green leaves borne on flower soil and a warm, sheltered position.
stems. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 1–2ft ADZ3–8 H and S 3ft (1m).
(30–60cm).
ADZ8–11
ADZ5–9

Inula hookeri Gentiana lutea (Great yellow gentian) Lysimachia punctata Achillea filipendulina ‘Gold Plate’
Clump-forming perennial with Erect, unbranched perennial with ovate, (Garden loosestrife) Upright perennial with stout, leafy
lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves stalkless leaves to 1ft (30cm) long. In Clump-forming perennial that in stems carrying broad, flat, terminal
and a mass of slightly scented, daisylike, summer, bears dense whorls of tubular, summer produces spikes of bright heads of yellow flowers in summer,
greenish-yellow flower heads borne in yellow flowers in axils of greenish yellow flowers above mid-green leaves. above filigree foliage. Flowers retain
summer. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). bracts. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm), S 2ft (60cm). color if dried. Divide plants regularly.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

BDZ4–8 ADZ7–8 AEZ4–8 ADZ3–9t 243

DAYLILIES H. ‘Neyron Rose’

Although they belong to the lily family (Liliaceae), daylilies
(Hemerocallis) are not true lilies; their common name comes
from their lilylike flowers that last just one day, but appear
in succession for many weeks in summer. Daylilies range in
size from compact plants that grow 12–15in (30–38cm) tall,
to large plants that may reach 5ft (1.5m). They form clumps
of arching, strappy foliage, and flower colors range from
creamy-white, yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple to
almost black; some also have bands of contrasting colors
on the petals. The flower forms are classified as single,
double, or spider and some are fragrant. They thrive in
most soils, except waterlogged, in sun or shade, but
flower best when in the sun for at least part of the day.

H. ‘Pardon Me’

H. ‘Joan Senior’ H. ‘Stoke Poges’ H. ‘Always Afternoon’

H. ‘Siloam Baby Talk’ H. ‘Luxury Lace’ H. ‘Pink Damask’

H. ‘Summer Wine’

244 H. ‘Cherry Cheeks’ H. ‘Night Beacon’ H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’

H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’

H. ‘Whichford’

H. ‘Green Flutter’ H. ‘Bonanza’ H. ‘Lemon Bells’ H. ‘Little Wine Cup’

H. lilioasphodelus H. dumortieri H. fulva H. ‘Missenden’

H. citrina H. ‘Cream Drop’ H. ‘Little Grapette’ H. ‘Golden Chimes’

H. ‘Cartwheels’ H. fulva ‘Flore Pleno’ H. ‘Mauna Loa’

H. ‘Frans Hals’ H. ‘Chicago Sunrise’ H. ‘Stafford’

245

H. ‘Burning Daylight’ H. ‘Black Magic’ H. ‘Cathy’s Sunset’

MEDIUM FALL
WHITE
SUMMER

ORANGE

Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’
Bushy perennial that bears orange-
red flowers in terminal umbels in early
summer. Leaves are lance-shaped,
mid-green, and have pale red midribs.
H to 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm).

BEZ4–9t

perennials

Sphaeralcea ambigua Actaea pachypoda
Branching, shrubby perennial. Broadly (Doll’s eyes, White baneberry)
funnel-shaped, orange-coral blooms Compact, clump-forming perennial
are produced singly in leaf axils from with spikes of small, fluffy, white flowers
summer until the onset of cold weather. in summer and clusters of white berries,
Leaves are soft, hairy, and mid-green. borne on stiff, fleshy scarlet stalks, in fall.
H and S 30–36in (75–90cm). H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm).

ADZ6–9 CEZ4–9t

Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly weed) Verbascum ‘Cotswold Beauty’ Leucanthemum x superbum
Erect, tuberous perennial with long, Rosette-forming perennial with ‘Wirral Pride’
lance-shaped leaves. Small, 5-horned, sometimes-branched spires of Robust, clump-forming perennial
bright orange-red flowers are borne 5-petaled, pale coppery-apricot with glossy, dark green, slightly toothed
in summer and followed by narrow, flowers, each with a soft purple leaves. Bears numerous, solitary, white
pointed pods, to 6in (15cm) long. center, in summer. Has ovate, gray- double flower heads with yellowish
H to 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). green leaves. May be short-lived in anenome centers from early summer
rich soil. H 4ft (1.2m), S 16in (40cm). to fall. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
246
ADZ5–9 ADZ5–8
ADZ4–9t

PINK YARROW
Stalwarts of the summer garden, yarrow (Achillea) are
easy-to-grow perennials for sunny sites and well-drained
soils. Taller types are best planted toward the back of
herbaceous borders, while shorter forms associate well
with grasses in naturalistic planting schemes. Both selections
also look at home in mixed beds and gravel gardens. Most
have flattened flower heads, creating a horizontal plane that
contrasts well with vertical flower spikes. Available in a range
of colors, including white, yellow, pink, peach, and red, the
flowers change color as they age, creating a two-tone effect.
Many make good cut flowers; some can also be dried.

Chrysanthemum ‘Clara Curtis’ Tricyrtis formosana
Bushy perennial producing many Upright, rhizomatous perennial. In
clusters of flat, daisylike, clear pink early fall, bears spurred flowers, heavily
flower heads throughout summer spotted with purplish-pink and with
and fall. Divide plants every other yellow-tinged throats. Glossy, dark green
spring. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). leaves clasp stems. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
S 18in (45cm).
ADZ4–8t
AEZ6–9

A. millefolium ‘Red Velvet’

A. ptarmica ‘The Pearl’t A. ‘Heidi’ A. ‘Belle Epoque’

A. filipendulina ‘Parker’s Variety’ A. millefolium
‘Lansdorferglut’

Anemone hupehensis 247
‘Hadspen Abundance’
Erect, branching perennial that
bears pink flowers with rounded, dark
reddish-pink outer tepals from summer
to fall. Leaves are dark green and deeply
divided, with toothed leaflets. H 2–4ft
(60cm–1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

BEZ5–7t

A. ‘Christine’s Pink’ A. ‘Terracotta’ A. ‘Lachsschönheit’

HELENIUM MEDIUM

Of all the late-summer, daisy-flowered perennials, FALL
Helenium are among the most colorful. They have RED
become increasingly popular with the rise of naturalistic
plantings, to which they are well suited, although they Centranthus ruber (Red valerian)
also add a dramatic note to herbaceous borders. The Perennial forming spreading colonies of
stout stems bear shuttlecock-shaped flowers in fiery fleshy leaves. Branching heads of small,
tones of red, orange, and yellow that last for many weeks. star-shaped, deep reddish-pink or white
Plants seldom need staking and form slowly spreading flowers are borne above foliage from late
clumps if grown in sun and fertile soil. To lengthen the spring to fall. Thrives in poor, exposed
flowering season, select a variety of forms, and cut back sites. H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S 11⁄2–2ft
some in early summer to promote later flowering. (45–60cm) or more.

ADZ5–8

H. ‘Indianersommer’ H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’

H. ‘Bruno’ t H. ‘Double Trouble’

H. ‘Red Army’ H. ‘Butterpat’ H. ‘Feuersiegel’

248 Lobelia cardinalis ‘Queen Victoria’
Clump-forming perennial. From late
H. ‘Rubinzwerg’ summer to mid-fall, spikes of blazing red
flowers on branching stems arise from
basal, deep red-purple foliage. H 3ft
(1m), S 1ft (30cm).

AEZ3–9t

H. ‘Waltraut’

MICHAELMAS DAISIES

Invaluable border plants, Michaelmas daisies (comprising
Aster and Symphyotrichum, mostly S. novae-angliae and
S. novi-belgii species and cultivars) flower later than many
other perennials and continue the display until late fall. The
smaller-flowered species and selections associate well with
grasses and naturalistic planting schemes, while the larger
flowers are excellent for cutting. The daisylike, single or
double flowers range in color from white, pink, and red
to purple and blue. Michaelmas daisies thrive in sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil, and tall cultivars may need
staking. For large flowers, pinch out weaker shoots in spring;
for bushier plants with a greater number of smaller flowers,
pinch out the top 1–2in (2.5–5cm) of all shoots in late spring.

Symphyotrichum ‘Coombe Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
Fishacre’ ‘Photograph’ ‘Chequers’

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii Aster x frikartii ‘Wunder Symphyotrichum novae- Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
angliae ‘Violetta’ ‘Marie Ballard’
‘Apple Blossom’ von Stäfa’

Aster amellus ‘VeilchenkÖnigin’ Symphyotrichum novae- Symphyotrichum novae- Symphyotrichum ‘Little
angliae ‘Harrington’s Pink’ angliae ‘Rosa Sieger’ Carlow’

Symphyotrichum ericoides Symphyotrichum cordifolius Symphyotrichum novi-belgii Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
‘Golden Spray’
‘Silver Spray’ ‘Freda Ballard’ ‘Orlando’

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
‘Professor Anton Kippenberg’

249

Symphyotrichum ericoides ‘White Heather’ Symphyotrichum novi-belgii ‘Carnival’ Symphyotrichum ‘Sunhelene’

MEDIUM PURPLE

FALL

BLUE

Strobilanthes wallichii Aster amellus ‘King George’ Gentiana asclepiadea Eryngium x tripartitum
Upright, branching perennial with ovate, Bushy perennial with ovate, rough (Willow gentian) Perennial with wiry stems above
toothed leaves. Spikes of numerous, leaves. In fall, produces many large, Arching perennial with narrow, a basal rosette of coarsely toothed,
violet-blue to purple flowers are borne terminal, daisylike, deep blue-violet ovate leaves, to 3in (8cm) long. In gray-green leaves. Conical, metallic-
in summer–fall. H to 4ft (1.2m), flower heads with yellow centers. late summer to fall, bears arching blue flower heads on blue stems
S to 2ft (60cm). H and S 20in (50cm). sprays of trumpet-shaped, deep blue are borne in summer–fall and
flowers, spotted and striped inside. may be dried for winter decoration.
BDZ5–9 BDZ5–8 H to 3ft (90cm), S to 2ft (60cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm).

BEZ6–9 ADZ5–8

SALVIAS S. pratensis ‘Pink Delight’ S. x sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ S. nemorosa ‘Caradonna’

Hardy perennial salvias are useful
plants, many flowering profusely in late
summer and lasting well into fall. The
genus is quite diverse, with plants in
a range of sizes and flower colors,
including white, true blue, purple, pink,
and red. A few, such as S. argentea, are
also grown for their foliage, which in
many species is aromatic. Salvias thrive
in hot, sunny sites and free-draining
soil, and grow quickly, many developing
into shrublike plants within a season. To
ensure they survive cold winters, in fall
spread a thick mulch over the plants to
protect the roots.

S. pratensis ‘Indigo’ S. x sylvestris ‘Blauhügel’ S. nemorosa ‘Lubecca’

S. pratensis ‘Swan Lake’ S. guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’

250 S. nemorosa ‘Amethyst’ S. nemorosa ‘Ostfriesland’ S. verticillata ‘Purple Rain’ S. patens S. glutinosa

S. argentea