Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers by Christopher Brickell (book-drive.com)

COTYLEDON

Sensation Series illus. p.305. Sonata COTONEASTER C. frigidus (Tree cotoneaster; illus. is a prostrate or arching shrub with bright
Series cultivars, H and S 12in (30cm), are p.142). Vigorous, deciduous tree, upright green leaves. May be grown as ground-
dwarf, with flower heads in carmine-red, ROSACEAE when young, arching when mature. cover or as a weeping standard.
pink or white, and are especially suitable H and S 30ft (10m). Has large, broadly C. simonsii illus. p.143.
for an exposed garden. ‘Sonata Pink’ Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or ovate, wavy-edged, dull green leaves and C. ‘Skogsholmen’. See C. x suecicus
has pink flower heads. ‘Sonata White’, evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for broad heads of small, 5-petaled, white ‘Skogholm’.
H to 18in (45cm), has pure white flowers. their foliage, flowers and fruits. Some flowers borne in early summer, followed C. sternianus, syn. C. franchetii var.
C. sulfureus Ladybird Series. Group species are fine specimen plants; others by large clusters of long-lasting, small, sternianus, illus. p.141.
of upright, bushy annuals. H 12–16in (30– may be used for hedging or groundcover. spherical, bright red fruits. Z4–7 C. x suecicus ‘Coral Beauty’, syn.
40cm), S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, mid- Deciduous species and cultivars prefer full C. ‘Gnom’, syn. C. ‘Gnome’, C. salicifolius C. ‘Coral Beauty’. Evergreen, arching,
green leaves, and in summer produces sun, but evergreens do well in either sun ‘Gnom’. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has
clusters of semidouble, bowl-shaped or semishade. All resent waterlogged soil H 8in (20cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears narrowly small, ovate, glossy, dark green leaves. In
flower heads in yellow, orange, or scarlet, and are particularly useful for dry sites. lance-shaped, dark green leaves, small, early summer, produces clusters of small,
with black centers. Z9–11 Propagate species by cuttings in summer 5-petaled, white flowers, in early summer, 5-petaled, white flowers, followed by
or by seed in fall, hybrids and cultivars by and clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. profuse, spherical, bright orange-red
COSTUS cuttings only, in summer. Take semiripe Good for groundcover. Z4–7 fruits. Ideal as groundcover. Z4–7.
cuttings for evergreens and semievergreens, C. ‘Gnome’. See C. ‘Gnom’. ‘Juliette’ has creamy-white-margined,
COSTACEAE softwood cuttings for deciduous plants. C. ‘Herbstfeuer’. See C. salicifolius gray-green leaves and large, orange fruits;
Fireblight is a common problem. tSeeds ‘Herbstfeuer’. usually grown as a small standard and is
Genus of mostly clump-forming, may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. C. horizontalis (Wall-spray) illus. p.209. suitable for growing in large pots.
rhizomatous perennials, grown for their C. adpressus. Deciduous, arching shrub. ‘Variegatus’ see C. atropurpureus ‘Skogholm’ (syn. C. ‘Skogsholmen’),
showy, solitary or paired, tubular flowers H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Rounded, wavy- ‘Variegatus’. H 2ft (60cm), S 10ft (3m), is more or less
with basal bracts. Grow in a humid edged, dark green leaves redden in fall. C. ‘Hybridus Pendulus’. Evergreen, prostrate, with flowers borne singly or
atmosphere, out of direct sunlight, in Produces small, 5-petaled, pink flowers in prostrate shrub, almost always grown in small clusters in late spring, followed
humus-rich soil. Propagate by division in early summer, then spherical, red fruits. as a weeping standard. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft by rather sparse, red fruits. Good for
spring. Container-grown plants may be Z4–7 (1.5m). Has oblong, dark green leaves and groundcover.
attacked by red spider mite. C. atropurpureus ‘Variegatus’, syn. C. small, 5-petaled, white flowers in early C. thymifolius, syn. C. linearifolius,
C. speciosus (Malay ginger; illus. p.477). horizontalis ‘Variegatus’. Compact, summer, followed by spherical, deep red C. microphyllus var. thymifolius of
Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial. deciduous shrub with spreading, arching fruits. Z5–8 gardens. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Has branches. H 18in (45cm), S 36in (90cm). C. ignescens, syn. C. bullatus ‘Firebird’, H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Rigid branches
narrowly ovate, downy leaves, to 10in Ovate, gray-green, white-margined leaves C. ‘Firebird’. Deciduous, bushy, open bear tiny, narrow, blunt-ended, glossy
(25cm) long. Reddish bracts are spine- turn pink and red in fall. Bears small, shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Large, ovate, leaves. Produces small, white flowers in
tipped, each surrounding one white or 5-petaled, pink flowers in summer, then deeply veined, dark green leaves redden late spring, followed by spherical red
pink-flushed flower, to 4in (10cm) across, almost spherical, bright red fruits. Z4–7 in fall. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in fruits. Z5–8
with a broad, yellow-centered lip; flowers C. ‘Autumn Fire’. See C. salicifolius early summer are followed by profuse,
are produced intermittently throughout ‘Herbstfeuer’. spherical, bright red fruits. Z5–8 COTULA C
the year. Z12 (min. 64°F/18°C) C. bullatus ‘Firebird’. See C. ignescens. C. integrifolius, syn. C. microphyllus
var. macrophyllus see C. rehderi. of gardens Evergreen, spreading, dense ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
COTINUS C. cashmiriensis, syn. C. cochleatus shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Rigid shoots
of gardens, C. microphyllus var. cochleatus are clothed in small, ovate, dark green Genus of annuals and perennials and a few
ANACARDIACEAE of gardens. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in water plants, grown for their neat foliage
H to 11∕2ft (45cm), S 6ft (2m). Has small, late spring are followed by spherical, red and buttonlike flower heads. Many species
Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, ovate, notched, dark green leaves. Small, fruits. Z5–8 are useful for cracks in paving stones, but
grown for their foliage, flower heads and white flowers are produced in late spring, C. lacteus illus. p.117. may be invasive. Most need a position in
fall color. Individual flowers are followed by spherical, red fruits. Z4–7 C. linearifolius. See C. thymifolius. full sun, with well-drained soil that is not
inconspicuous. Needs full sun or semishade, C. cochleatus of gardens. See C. microphyllus of gardens. See C. too dry. Propagate by division in spring.
with fertile but not over-rich soil. Purple- C.cashmiriensis. integrifolius. var. cochleatus of gardens C. atrata. See Leptinella atrata.
leaved forms need full sun to bring out C. congestus. Evergreen, prostrate see C. cashmiriensis. var. thymifolius of C. coronopifolia (Brass buttons). Annual
best color. Propagate species by softwood shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 6ft (2m). Forms dense gardens see C. thymifolius. or short-lived, deciduous, perennial,
or greenwood cuttings in summer or by mounds of ovate, dull green leaves. Bears C. procumbens ‘Queen of Carpets’. suitable for a pond margin, a bog garden
seed in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in small, 5-petaled, pinkish-white flowers in Evergreen, prostrate, carpeting shrub. or a damp border. H 6in (15cm), S 12in
summer. early summer, followed by spherical, bright H to 1ft (30cm), S 4ft (1.2m). Has ovate, (30cm). Has fleshy stems, small, lance-
C. americanus. See C. obovatus. red fruits. Excellent for a rock garden. Z5–8 glossy, mid-green leaves. In summer, shaped, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
C. coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus (Smoke C. conspicuus, syn. C.c. var. decorus bears small, white, pink-tinged flowers buttonlike, yellow flower heads. Z6–11
tree, Venetian sumach). Deciduous, bushy (illus. p.142). Evergreen, prostrate, arching with purple anthers, followed by almost
shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Leaves are shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves spherical, dark pink to crimson fruits. Z4–7 COTYLEDON 551
rounded or ovate and light green, becoming are oblong, glossy, very dark green. Small, C. rehderi, syn. C. bullatus var.
yellow or red in fall. From late summer, as 5-petaled, white flowers in late spring are macrophyllus. Deciduous, bushy, open CRASSULACEAE
insignificant fruits develop, a mass of tiny followed by large, spherical, scarlet or shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Very large,
flower stalks form showy, pale fawn, later orange-red fruits. Z5–8 ovate, deeply veined, dark green leaves Genus of compact, often clump-forming,
gray, plumelike clusters. Z5–8. ‘Flame’ C. ‘Coral Beauty’. See C. x suecicus change to red in fall. Clusters of small, perennial succulents and evergreen
see C. ‘Flame’. Golden Spirit (‘Ancot’) ‘Coral Beauty’. 5-petaled, pink flowers are borne in late subshrubs, grown for their diverse
(Golden Smoke Bush) illus. p.116. ‘Royal C. ‘Cornubia’ illus. p.117. spring and early summer, succeeded by foliage that ranges from large, ovate,
Purple’ has deep pink plumes and deep C. ‘Exburiensis’. Evergreen or spherical, bright red fruits. Z5–8 gray leaves to small, cylindrical, mid-
purplish-red leaves. ‘Young Lady’ is a semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft C. ‘Rothschildianus’. Evergreen or green leaves. Prefers a sunny or partially
slow-growing, compact shrub, with mid- (5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, bright semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft shaded site and very well-drained soil.
green leaves that may be tinted orange green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white (5m). Has narrowly ovate, bright green Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
and scarlet in fall; exceptionally free- flowers in early summer are followed by leaves, small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in spring or summer.
flowering from an early age, it bears large spherical, yellow fruits, sometimes tinged early summer, and large clusters of C. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi.
plumes of smoky pink fruiting panicles in pink. Z5–8 spherical, golden-yellow fruits. Z5–8 C. orbiculata. Evergreen, shrubby, erect,
summer. C. ‘Firebird’. See C. ignescens. C. salicifolius (illus. p.142). Vigorous, freely branching succulent. H to 5ft (1.5m),
C. ‘Flame’, syn. C. coggygria ‘Flame’, C. franchetii. Evergreen or evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft S 20in (50cm). Has thick, fleshy stems and
illus. p.117. semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft (5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark ovoid, white-frosted-waxy, white or gray
C. obovatus, syn. C. americanus, Rhus (3m). Ovate, gray-green leaves are white green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white leaves. Tubular, red or yellowish-red
cotinoides. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy beneath. Bears small, 5-petaled, pink- flowers, in early summer, are followed by flowers, ½–1½in (1–4cm) long, are borne in
shrub or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). tinged, white flowers in early summer, clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. fleshy inflorescences, from late summer to
Produces large, ovate leaves that are followed by a profusion of oblong, bright Z5–8. ‘Gnom’ see C. ‘Gnom’. fall. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
bronze-pink when young, maturing to orange-red fruits. Z5–8. var. sternianus ‘Herbstfeuer’ (syn. C. ‘Autumn Fire’, C. paniculata. See Tylecodon paniculatus.
mid-green and turning orange, red and see C. sternianus. C. ‘Herbstfeuer’), H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m), C. reticulata. See Tylecodon reticulatus.
purple in fall. Z5–8 C. simplicifolia of gardens. See
Umbilicus oppositifolius.

COTYLEDON

C. tomentosa subsp. ladismithensis. and dark green. In winter, produces an and lobed. Bears clusters of white flowers, CREMANTHODIUM
Evergreen, freely branching, later abundance of small, 5-petaled, white with pink anthers, in late spring, followed
prostrate, succulent subshrub. H and S 8in flowers in terminal clusters. Likes partial by rounded, glossy, crimson fruits. Z3–7 ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
(20cm). Has fleshy, green leaves, swollen shade. Z10–11 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) C. x grignonensis. Small, deciduous
and blunt at tips and covered with short, C. lycopodioides. See C. muscosa. or semievergreen, spreading tree. H 15ft Genus of basal-rosetted perennials, grown
golden-brown hairs. Clusters of tubular, C. multicava illus. p.484. (5m), S 12ft (4m). Has almost thornless for their pendent, half-closed, daisylike
brownish-red flowers are produced in fall. C. muscosa, syn. C. lycopodioides. Dense, shoots with dark green leaves, glossy flower heads. Grow in woodland, a rock
Z10–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) bushy, woody-based, perennial succulent. above, paler and more densely hairy garden, or an alpine house. Dislikes winter
C. wallichii. See Tylecodon wallichii. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears small, beneath. Many small white flowers, wet. Needs shade and humus-rich, moist
scalelike, neatly overlapping, mid-green which fade to pink, are produced in but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
CRAMBE leaves arranged in 4 rows around erect clusters in late spring to early summer, when fresh.
stems. In spring, produces tiny, 5-petaled, followed by showers of late-ripening, C. reniforme. Basal-rosetted perennial.
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE greenish-yellow flowers. Likes partial shiny, red fruits, which often persist into H and S 8in (20cm). Leaves are large,
shade. Z10–11 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) spring. Z7–10 kidney-shaped, toothed, glossy, mid-green.
Genus of annuals and, often woody-based, C. ovata, syn. C. argentea of gardens, C. laciniata of gardens. See C. orientalis. Sturdy stems each bear a large, daisylike,
perennials, grown for their bold leaves C. portulacea (Friendship tree, Jade tree, C. laevigata, syn. C. oxyacantha of yellow flower head in summer. Z5–8
and large sprays of white flowers in Money tree), illus. p.481. gardens (Hawthorn, May). ‘Paul’s
summer. Leaf shoots of C. maritima C. perfoliata var. minor, syn. C. falcata Scarlet’ illus. p.84. ‘Punicea’ is a CREPIS
(sea kale) are eaten as a spring vegetable. (Aeroplane propellor), illus. p.489. deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 20ft
Will grow in any well-drained soil; prefers C. portulacea. See C. ovata. (6m). In late spring and early summer, Hawk’s beard
an open position in full sun but tolerates C. sarcocaulis illus. p.339. bears clusters of crimson flowers amid
some shade. Propagate by division in C. schmidtii illus. p.485. ovate, lobed, toothed, glossy, dark green ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
spring or by seed in fall or spring. C. socialis illus. p.480. leaves, followed by rounded, red fruits.
C. cordifolia illus. p.216. ‘Rosea Flore Pleno’ bears double Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
C. maritima (Sea kale) illus. p.264. + CRATAEGOMESPILUS pink flowers. Z4–8 perennials with long tap roots and leaves
C. x lavallei ‘Carrierei’. Vigorous, in flat rosettes. Many species are persistent
CRASPEDIA ROSACEAE deciduous, spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), weeds, but some are grown for their many-
S 30ft (10m). Ovate, glossy, dark green petaled, dandelionlike flower heads.
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Group of grafted, hybrid, deciduous trees leaves turn red in late fall. Bears clusters Tolerates sun or shade and prefers well-
(Crataegus and Mespilus), grown for their of white flowers in late spring, followed drained soil. Propagate annuals and
Genus of basal-rosetted, summer- flowers, foliage and fruits. Requires sun or by long-lasting, rounded, orange-red biennials by seed in fall, perennials by
flowering annuals and perennials, grown semishade and fertile, well-drained soil. fruits. Z4–8 root cuttings (not from tap root) in late
for their flowers and foliage. Flower heads Propagate by grafting in late summer. C. mollis. Deciduous, spreading tree. winter; most species self-seed freely.
are useful for dried arrangements. + C. dardarii (Bronvaux medlar). ‘Jules H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Large, broadly C. aurea illus. p.345.
Requires a site in sun and well-drained d’Asnières’ is a deciduous, spreading ovate, lobed, dark green leaves have C. incana (Pink dandelion). Basal-rosetted
soil. Suitable for a rock garden or scree tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has drooping white-haired undersides when young. perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Bears
bed. Propagate by seed sown when very branches and spiny shoots. Variable, Produces heads of large, white flowers oblong, divided, hairy, grayish-green leaves.
fresh in summer. ovate or deeply lobed, dark green leaves, in late spring, followed by short-lived, Uneven discs of ragged, pink flower heads
C. incana. Basal-rosetted perennial. gray when young, turn orange and rounded, red fruits. Z4–8 are borne on stiff stems in summer. Good
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4in (10cm). Has yellow in fall. Clusters of saucer-shaped, C. monogyna (Common hawthorn). for a sunny rock garden or border. Z3–9
white, sometimes rose-tinted, flowers Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 30ft C. rubra. Fairly fast-growing, rosette-
C narrowly ovate, basal leaves, with dense, in late spring or early summer are (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has broadly ovate, deeply forming annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
woolly, white hairs beneath, and smaller followed by small, rounded, red-brown lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters (15cm). Has lance-shaped, serrated
leaves on flower stems. In summer, many fruits. Z8–10 of fragrant, white flowers are produced leaves. In summer, bears dandelionlike,
domed heads of 3–10 tiny, tubular, yellow from late spring to early summer, followed pink, occasionally red or white flower
flowers are produced in large, terminal CRATAEGUS by rounded, red fruits. Will form a dense heads. Z3–10
clusters. Z9–11 hedge. Z4–8. ‘Biflora’ (Glastonbury thorn)
Hawthorn, Thorn has flowers and leaves in mild winters as CRINODENDRON
552 CRASSULA well as in spring.
ROSACEAE C. orientalis, syn. C. laciniata of gardens, ELAEOCARPACEAE
CRASSULACEAE illus. p.80.
Genus of deciduous, or more rarely C. oxyacantha of gardens. See Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Genus of annual and perennial semievergreen, spiny, often spreading C. laevigata. grown for their flowers and foliage.
succulents and evergreen, succulent trees and shrubs, grown for their C. pedicellata. See C. coccinea. Requires shade or semishade, with plant
shrubs and subshrubs, ranging from clustered, 5-petaled, occasionally C. x persimilis ‘Prunifolia’, syn. base in cool shade, and fertile, moist but
very succulent-leaved species, 3∕4in (2cm) double flowers in spring–summer, C. crus-galli of gardens, C. x prunifolia. well-drained, acidic soil. Propagate by
high, to shrubby types, 15ft (5m) high. ornamental fruits and, in some cases, Deciduous, spreading, thorny tree. H 25ft softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
Most are easy to grow; in frost-prone fall color. Prefers full sun but is suitable (8m), S 30ft (10m). Ovate, glossy, dark in fall.
areas, grow as houseplants. Most prefer for most sites and may be grown in any green leaves turn red or orange in fall. C. hookerianum, syn. Tricuspidaria
full sun; others like partial shade. Needs but very wet soil. Useful for growing in Has clusters of white flowers, with pink lanceolata (Lantern tree), illus. p.202.
very well-drained soil and a little water in polluted urban areas, exposed sites and anthers, in early summer, then rounded, C. patagua illus. p.113.
winter. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings coastal gardens. Propagate species by dark red fruits. Z6–8
in spring or fall. seed in fall, cultivars by budding in late C. phaenopyrum, syn. C. cordata x Crinodonna. See x Amarcrinum.
C. arborescens (Silver jade plant) illus. summer. Fireblight is sometimes a (Washington thorn). Deciduous, round-
p.490. problem. tThe seeds may cause mild headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly CRINUM
C. argentea of gardens. See C. ovata. stomach upset if ingested. ovate leaves are sharply lobed, glossy and
C. coccinea, syn. Rochea coccinea. C. coccinea, syn. C. pedicellata, illus. p.90. dark green. Clusters of white flowers, with AMARYLLIDACEAE
Evergreen, erect, succulent shrub. C. cordata. See C. phaenopyrum. pink anthers, are produced from early to
H to 2ft (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. C. crus-galli (Cockspur thorn). midsummer, followed by rounded, glossy, Genus of robust bulbs, grown for their
Alternate pairs of fleshy, ovate to oblong-, Deciduous, flat-topped tree. H 25ft red fruits that last through winter. Z4–8 often fragrant, funnel-shaped flowers.
hairy-margined, dull green leaves, each (8m), S 30ft (10m). Has shoots armed C. x prunifolia. See C. persimilis Needs full sun, shelter and rich, well-
united at the base, are arranged at right with long, curved thorns and ovate, ‘Prunifolia’. drained soil. Propagate by offsets in
angles in 4 rows up the woody, green glossy, dark green leaves that turn C. tanacetifolia (Tansy-leaved thorn). spring or by seed when fresh or in spring.
stems. Produces umbels of tubular, bright bright crimson in fall. Bears clusters Deciduous, upright, usually thornless tree. tAll parts may cause severe discomfort if
red flowers in summer or fall. Z10–11 of white flowers, with pink anthers, H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has ovate to ingested; contact with the sap may irritate
(min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) in late spring, followed by long-lasting, diamond-shaped, deeply cut, gray-green skin.
C. deceptor, syn. C. deceptrix, illus. p.488. rounded, bright red fruits. Z3-7 leaves, clusters of fragrant, white flowers, C. bulbispermum, syn. C. longifolium.
C. deceptrix. See C. deceptor. C. crus-galli of gardens. See C. persimilis with red anthers, in midsummer, and Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft
C. falcata. See C. perfoliata var. minor. ‘Prunifolia’. small, apple-shaped, yellow fruits. Z6–8 (60cm). Leafless flower stem bears a head
C. lactea. Prostrate to semierect, C. ellwangeriana. Deciduous, spreading of fragrant, long-tubed, white or pinkish-
perennial succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Broadly ovate, red flowers with darker red stripes. Long,
Leaves are triangular-ovate, glossy dark green leaves are shallowly toothed strap-shaped, semierect leaves are
grouped in a tuft on a short stalk. Z7–10

CROCUS

C. longifolium. See C. bulbispermum. facing, funnel-shaped, clear orange flowers, are buttercup yellow inside and paler yellow flower, sometimes white or cream. Leaves C
C. macowanii. Fall-flowering with a paler orange center, on branched outside, suffused violet-bronze. Z4–8 are only just visible at flowering time. Z4-8
bulb. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. stems; Z6–10. C. aerius of gardens. See C. biflorus C. dalmaticus. Late winter and early 553
Similar to C. bulbispermum, but leaves C. ‘Emily McKenzie’. See subsp. pulchricolor. spring-flowering corm. Bears 1–3 rounded,
are wavy-edged. Z9–11 C. x crocosmiiflora ‘Emily McKenzie’. C. ancyrensis. Spring-flowering corm. purple-veined, pale violet flowers, with
C. moorei illus. p.383. C. ‘George Davison’. See Produces up to 7 fragrant, bright orange- yellow centers, overlaid with silver or
C. x powellii illus. p.385. ‘Album’ illus. C. x crocosmiiflora ‘George Davison’. yellow flowers, 2–21∕2in (5–6cm) long. Z4–8 yellow outside. Z4–8
p.383. C. ‘Golden Fleece’. See C. angustifolius, syn. C. susianus (Cloth- C. ‘Dutch Yellow’. See C. x luteus
C. x crocosmiiflora ‘Coleton Fishacre’. of-gold crocus). Spring-flowering corm. ‘Golden Yellow’.
CROCOSMIA C. ‘Harlequin’. See C. x crocosmiiflora Produces 5 or more fragrant flowers, C. ‘E.A. Bowles’ (illus. p.417). Early
‘Harlequin’. which are bright golden-yellow, and spring-flowering corm. Bears compact,
Montbretia C. ‘Honey Angels’. See striped or stained bronze outside. Z4–8 scented, funnel-shaped, rich lemon yellow
C. x crocosmiiflora ‘Honey Angels’. C. aureus. See C. flavus. flowers, the outer petals with bronze-green
IRIDACEAE C. ‘Jackanapes’. See C. x crocosmiiflora C. balansae. See C. olivieri subsp. bases and purple feathering. Increases well
‘Jackanapes’. balansae. by offsets. Z4–8
Genus of cormous perennials, grown for C. ‘Lady Hamilton’. See C. banaticus, syn. C. iridiflorus. Fall- C. etruscus. Late winter and early
their brightly colored flowers, borne C. x crocosmiiflora ‘Lady Hamilton’. flowering corm, with solitary flowers. spring-flowering corm. Bears 1 or 2 long-
mainly in summer. Forms dense clumps C. ‘Lucifer’ (illus. p.410). Robust, clump- Usually has one long-tubed, pale violet tubed, funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue
of sword-shaped, erect leaves. Requires forming corm. H to 3ft (1m), S 8–10in (20– flower; outer 3 petals open wide and are flowers, washed silver outside, with violet
well-drained soil and an open, sunny site. 25cm). Has sword-shaped, erect, basal, much larger than 3 erect, paler, inner veining. Z4–8. ‘Zwanenburg’ (illus. p.417)
In very cold areas, plant in a sheltered bright green leaves. In midsummer, bears petals. Dark green leaves, without central has pale purple-blue flowers, washed with
position or lift and store corms over funnel-shaped, deep rich red flowers in stripes, are borne after the flowers. Z4–8 biscuit-brown and flecked violet outside.
winter. Propagate by division as growth dense, branching spikes. Z6–9 C. baytopiorum. Spring-flowering corm. C. ‘Eyecatcher’ (illus. p.417). Late winter-
starts in spring. C. masoniorum, syn. C. masonorum Each bears 1 or 2 rounded, turquoise-blue, to midspring-flowering corm. Funnel-
C. aurea. Tuft-forming, summer- (illus. p.410). Robust, clump-forming corm. slightly darker-veined flowers. Z4–8 shaped, gray-white, yellow-throated
flowering corm. H 20–30in (50–75cm), H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11∕2ft (30–45cm). Has C. biflorus. Very variable, early spring- flowers are heavily marked deep purple
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Erect, basal leaves are erect, basal, deep green leaves, pleated flowering corm. Bears fragrant, white or outside. Z4–8
long, narrow and sword-shaped. Bears a lengthways. Erect, branched stem has a purplish-white flowers, with yellow throats, C. flavus, syn. C. aureus. Spring-
loosely branched spike of tubular, orange horizontal upper part, which bears the outer petals sometimes vertically flowering corm. Produces 1–4 fragrant,
or yellow flowers, each 1–2in (3–5cm) long reddish-orange flowers in summer-fall. striped purple or brownish purple. Z4–8. bright yellow or orange-yellow flowers;
and with 6 spreading petals. Z8–11 Z6–10. ‘Rowallane Yellow’, H 3ft (1m), subsp. alexandri has fragrant white often several flowers are produced
C. ‘Bressingham Blaze’. Clump- S 3in (8cm), has upward-facing, funnel- flowers, the outer petals heavily marked together or in quick succession. Z4–8
forming, late summer-flowering corm. shaped, yellow flowers. deep purple. ‘Blue Pearl’ (syn. C. ‘Blue C. gargaricus. Spring-flowering corm.
H 30in (75cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces C. masonorum. See C. masoniorum. Pearl’) illus. p.421. subsp. pulchricolor Bears solitary, slender, bright orange-
sword-shaped, pleated, basal, erect leaves. C. paniculata, syn. Antholyza paniculata, (syn. C. aerius of gardens) has rich deep yellow flowers. Increases by stolons.
Branched stem bears widely funnel- Curtonus paniculatus. Summer-flowering blue flowers, stained dark violet near Tolerates slightly damper conditions than
shaped, fiery-red flowers. Z8–11 corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11∕2ft (30–45cm). the bases, with yellow throats. subsp. most crocuses. Z4–8
C. x crocosmiiflora. Robust, sometimes Has sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves, weldenii ‘Fairy’ has white flowers, C. ‘Golden Yellow’. See C. x luteus
invasive, variable, late summer-flowering pleated lengthways. Produces long-tubed, the outer tepals dusted violet. ‘Golden Yellow’.
corm. H 2ft (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect, orange flowers on branched stems, which C. ‘Blue Bird’ (illus. p.417). Late winter- C. goulimyi (illus. p.417). Fall-flowering
sword-shaped, pale green, basal leaves. are strongly zig-zag in shape. Z5–9 to midspring-flowering corm. Funnel- corm. Produces 1–3 rounded, long-tubed,
Produces thin, slightly arching, sometimes C. ‘Severn Sunrise’ (illus. p.410). Late shaped flowers are white inside with deep scented, pale lilac to pinkish-lilac flowers,
branched spikes of funnel-shaped, orange summer-flowering corm. H 36in (90cm), yellow throats and violet margined with with a white throat and 3 inner petals
or yellow flowers in summer. Z6–10. S 3in (8cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, white outside. Z4–8 usually paler than the 3 outer ones. Leaves
‘Buttercup’ produces rich yellow flowers mid-green, basal leaves. Produces tightly C. ‘Blue Pearl’. See C. biflorus ‘Blue and flowers are produced together. Needs
that open flat; Z6–10. ‘Coleton Fishacre’ clustered, funnel-shaped flowers in shades Pearl’. a warm site. Z4–8
(syn. C. ‘Golden Fleece’) illus. p.412. of salmon, apricot and yellow. Z5–9 C. boryi. Fall-flowering corm. Bears up to C. hadriaticus (illus. p.417). Fall-
‘Emily McKenzie’ (syn. C. ‘Emily C. ‘Solfatare’. See C. x crocosmiiflora 4 well-rounded, creamy-white flowers, flowering corm. Leaves are produced with
McKenzie’), H to 2ft (60cm), S 6–8in (15– ‘Solfatare’. sometimes veined or flushed with mauve 1–3 white flowers, which usually have
20cm), is compact, with a dense spike of C. ‘Star of the East’. See outside, with the leaves. Z6–10 yellow throats and may be lilac-feathered
widely funnel-shaped, deep orange flowers, C. x crocosmiiflora ‘Star of the East’. C. cancellatus. Very variable, fall- at the base. Z4–8
each with a dark mahogany throat; Z6–10. flowering corm. Produces 1–3, slender C. imperati. Strikingly bicolored, late
‘George Davison’ (syn. C. ‘George CROCUS pale blue flowers, striped violet outside. winter or early spring-flowering corm.
Davison’; illus. p.410), H 3–4ft (90–120cm), Gray-green leaves form after flowering, Bears 1 or 2 scented, long-tubed, purple
S 6in (15cm), produces branched stems IRIDACEAE in spring. Z4–8 flowers, fawn with purple striping outside
bearing large, trumpet-shaped, pale C. cartwrightianus. Fall- and early and with yellow throats. Leaves are shiny
orange-yellow flowers, tinted deeper Genus of mainly spring- or fall-flowering winter-flowering corm. Produces leaves and dark green. Z4–8. ‘De Jager’ bears
orange externally; Z6–10. ‘Harlequin’ cormous perennials, grown for their with, or shortly after, 1–5, open goblet- flowers rich violet-purple inside, biscuit-
(syn. C. ‘Harlequin’), H 36in (90cm), S 3in funnel-shaped to rounded, long-tubed shaped, fragrant, violet or white flowers, colored with violet feathering outside.
(8cm), has well-branched, upright stems flowers. Produces long, very narrow, strongly veined dark purple, with 3 long, C. iridiflorus. See C. banaticus.
bearing funnel-shaped, bright yellow semierect, basal leaves, each with a bright red stigmas, similar to those of C. C. korolkowii (Celandine crocus). Late
flowers with alternate, red and orange white line along center, usually 1–5 per sativus. Z4–8 winter and early spring-flowering corm.
outer petals; Z6–10. ‘Honey Angels’ (syn. corm. Some fall-flowering species have C. chrysanthus. Late winter and early Has up to 20 narrow leaves and bears
C. ‘Honey Angels’; illus. p.410), H 30in no leaves at flowering time, these spring-flowering corm. Has dull green 3–5 fragrant, yellow flowers that are
(75cm), S 6in (15cm), has sword-shaped, appearing in winter or spring. Most leaves and bears up to 4 rounded, scented speckled or stained brown or purple
erect, pleated, bronzed-green leaves and species are less than 4in (10cm) tall when flowers, varying from cream to deep outside. When open in sun, petals have
trumpet-shaped, pale yellow flowers; in flower and have a spread of 1–3in golden yellow, often suffused or veined glossy surfaces. Z4–8
Z6–10. ‘Jackanapes’ (syn. C. ‘Jackanapes’; (2.5–8cm). Ideal for rock gardens, for bronze-maroon outsidea and with orange- C. kotschyanus, syn. C. zonatus (illus.
illus. p.410), H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 6–8in planting in drifts at the front of a border red stigmas. Z4–8. ‘Cream Beauty’ see p.417). Fall-flowering corm. Solitary, long-
(15–20cm), produces striking bicolored, and for forcing in bowls for an early C. ‘Cream Beauty’. ‘Zwanenberg tubed, pinkish-lilac or purplish-blue
yellow and orange-red flowers; Z6–10. indoor display. The most vigorous can Bronze’ see C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’. flowers, with yellow centers and white
‘Lady Hamilton’ (syn. C. ‘Lady Hamilton’), be naturalized in short turf. Most require C. ‘Cream Beauty’ (illus. p.417), syn. anthers, are borne before the leaves. Each
H 24–30in (60–75cm), bears golden yellow well-drained soil and a sunny situation; C. chrysanthus ‘Cream Beauty’. Compact, short-stemmed flower has a ring of yellow
flowers with apricot-yellow centers, on C. banaticus prefers moist soil and spring-flowering corm. Scented, rich dots around the throat and creamy-white
erect, branched spikes in late summer; semishade. Plant 2–21∕2in (5–6cm) deep, cream flowers have deep yellow throats, stamens. Z4–8. var. leucopharynx has
Z6–10. ‘Solfatare’ (syn. C. ‘Solfatare’; in late summer or early fall. Propagate in and are stained purplish-brown at the pale lilac-blue flowers with white throats.
illus. p.410), H 26–28in (65–70cm), S 6in early fall by seed or division of corm base. Z4–8 C. ‘Ladykiller’. Late winter- to
(15cm), has trumpet-shaped pale to mid- clumps. See also feature panel p.417. C. cvijicii. Spring-flowering corm. midspring-flowering corm. Has funnel-
yellow flowers; Z6–10. ‘Star of the East’ C. ‘Advance’. Late winter- to midspring- Usually has one funnel-shaped, yellow shaped flowers, white or pale lilac within,
(syn. C. ‘Star of the East’; illus. p.410), H flowering corm. Funnel-shaped flowers
28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm), bears horizontal-

CROCUS

C deep violet-purple with white margins C. sieberi. Vigorous, late winter to early C. zonatus. See C. kotschyanus. H to 4in (10cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). Loose,
outside. Z4–8 spring-flowering corm. Bears scented, C. ‘Zwanenburg Bronze’, syn. C. flat rosettes of lance-shaped to narrowly
554 C. laevigatus. Very variable corm, rich pinkish-lilac to blue, yellow-throated chrysanthus ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’, (illus. triangular, wavy, mid-green leaves have
flowering intermittently for a month or flowers. Z4–8. ‘Albus’ (syn. C.s. ‘Bowles’ p.417). Spring-flowering corm. Produces serrated edges. Bears a cluster of fragrant,
more in fall or winter depending on the White’) illus. p.427. subsp. atticus has bicolored flowers, rich yellow inside, tubular, white flowers from rosette centers,
form. Fragrant flowers are borne with pale lilac to violet-blue flowers with frilly, stained bronze outside. Z5–9 usually in summer. Z12. (min. 68°F/20°C).
leaves and are usually lilac-purple with orange stigmas. ‘Bowles’ White’ see. ‘Ruber’ has red-flushed foliage.
bold stripes on outside; inside each has a C.s. ‘Albus’. ‘Firefly’ has abundant lilac CROSSANDRA C. bivittatus. Evergreen, clump-forming,
yellow eye and cream-white anthers. Z8–10 flowers. ‘Hubert Edelsten’ (illus p.417) basal-rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm),
C. ligusticus, syn. C. medius. Fall- has yellow-throated, pale lilac flowers, the ACANTHACEAE S 10–15in (25–38cm). Loose, flat rosettes of
flowering corm. Has 1 or 2 funnel-shaped, outer segments of which are white, tipped, broadly lance-shaped, wavy, mid- to
uniform rich purple flowers, with yellow centrally marked and feathered with rich Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, yellowish-green leaves have finely toothed
anthers and red stigmas cut into many purple. subsp. sublimis f. tricolor (illus. grown mainly for their flowers. Needs margins and are striped lengthways with 2
threadlike branches. Leaves are produced p.417) has unusual flowers, divided into 3 partial shade or full light and humus-rich, coppery-fawn to buff bands. Small clusters
in winter–spring, after flowering. Z5–9 distinct bands of lilac, white, and golden well-drained soil. Water potted plants of tubular, white flowers are produced from
C. longiflorus. Fall-flowering corm. yellow. freely when in full growth, moderately at center of each rosette, usually in summer.
Produces 1 or 2, strongly fragrant, slender, C. ‘Snow Bunting’ (illus. p.417). Spring- other times. For a strong branch system, Z12. (min. 68°F/20°C). ‘Pink Starlite’
purple flowers, which are striped darker flowering corm. Fragrant, long-tubed, cut back flowered growth by at least half (illus. p.471), H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in
purple outside, at the same time as leaves. funnel-shaped, white flowers are lightly in late winter. Propagate by seed in spring (35cm) or more, is spreading, with strap-
Flowers have yellow centers and anthers feathered gray-blue outside, with mustard- or by greenwood cuttings in late spring or shaped, green leaves striped yellowish-
and red stigmas. Z5–9 yellow centers and orange stigmas. Z4–8 summer. Whitefly may be troublesome. green, and heavily suffused deep pink.
C. x luteus ‘Golden Yellow’, syn. C. speciosus (illus. p.417). Fall-flowering C. infundibuliformis, syn. C. undulifolia. C. bromelioides (Rainbow star).
C. ‘Dutch Yellow’, C. ‘Golden Yellow’. Very corm. Bears solitary, lilac-blue to deep Evergreen, erect to spreading, soft- Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted
vigorous, clump-forming, spring-flowering purple-blue flowers, usually with a network stemmed shrub or subshrub. H to 3ft (1m), perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in
corm. Bears 2–5 orange-yellow flowers, of darker veins and a much-divided, orange S 2ft (60cm). Has ovate to lance-shaped, (35cm) or more. Has dense rosettes of
faintly striped outside at bases. Naturalizes stigma. Leaves emerge in winter-spring. glossy, deep green leaves and, in summer– strap-shaped, wavy, finely toothed,
well in grass. Z5–9 Z4–8. ‘Albus’ see C.s. f. albus. f. albus fall or earlier, fan-shaped, salmon-red arching, mid- to bright green leaves.
C. malyi. Spring-flowering corm with (syn. C.s. ‘Albus’) has pure white flowers. flowers in conical spikes, each 4in (10cm) Occasionally bears clusters of tubular,
slightly gray-green leaves. Bears 1 or 2 ‘Conqueror’ (illus. p.417) has large, deep long. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) white flowers in center of each rosette,
funnel-shaped, white flowers with yellow sky-blue flowers. ‘Oxonian’ produces C. nilotica. Evergreen, upright to usually in summer. Z12. (min. 68°F/20°C).
throats, brown or purple tubes and showy, dark violet-blue flowers with prominent spreading, leafy shrub. H 12–24in (30–60cm), ‘Tricolor’ has carmine-suffused, white-
bright orange stigmas. Z5–9 darker veining on the outside. S to 14in (35cm). Has ovate, pointed, rich striped foliage.
C. medius. See C. ligusticus. C. susianus. See C. angustifolius. green leaves. Small tubular, apricot to pale C. zonatus. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
C. minimus. Late spring-flowering corm. C. tommasinianus. Late winter to brick-red flowers with spreading petals perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12–16in
Produces 1 or 2 long-tubed, mid- to deep spring-flowering corm. Bears 1 or 2 are borne in short spikes from spring to (30–40cm). Forms loose, flat rosettes of
lilac purple flowers. Outer petals are slender, long-tubed, funnel-shaped flowers, fall. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C) strap-shaped, wavy, finely toothed, sepia-
veined, stained or feathered with dark violet, varying in color from lilac or purple to C. undulifolia. See C. infundibuliformis. green leaves, cross-banded with gray-buff
often on a buff or yellow base. Z4–10 violet, sometimes with darker tips to petals and with grayish-white scales beneath.
C. niveus. Fall-flowering corm. Produces and occasionally silver outside. Naturalizes CROTALARIA A cluster of tubular, white flowers opens
1 or 2 flowers, varying from white to lilac well. Z4–8. f. albus has white flowers. in each rosette, usually in summer. Z12.
with yellow throats, and with long, white, ‘Barr’s Purple’ has purple flowers, PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (min. 68°F/20°C). ‘Zebrinus’ has silver-
yellow, or purple-brown tubes. Conspicuous, silvery outside. ‘Ruby Giant’ (illus. p.417) banded foliage.
orange styles are much-divided. Leaves is clump-forming, bearing clusters of large Genus of evergreen shrubs, perennials
emerge with flowers or just afterward. rich reddish-purple flowers.‘Whitewell and annuals, grown mainly for their CRYPTOCORYNE
Needs a warm, sunny site. Z5–9 Purple’ increases rapidly, and has slender, flowers. Requires full light and well-
C. nudiflorus (Autumn crocus). Fall- reddish-purple flowers, silver-mauve inside. drained soil. Water containerized ARACEAE
flowering corm. Usually bears one slender, C. tournefortii. Late fall- to early winter- specimens freely when in full growth,
long-tubed, rich purple flower, with a frilly, flowering corm. Leaves emerge less at other times. For a more compact Genus of evergreen, marginal aquatic
bright orange or yellow stigma. Leaves are at same time as 1 or 2 long-tubed, widely habit, cut back old stems by half after perennials, grown for their foliage. Suitable
produced after the flowers. Naturalizes in open, pale lilac-blue flower, each with a flowering. Propagate by seed in spring for tropical aquariums. Needs sun and rich
grass. Z4–8 much-divided, orange stigma and white or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Red soil. Remove fading foliage, and divide
C. olivieri. Spring-flowering corm with anthers. Remains open at night. Needs a spider mite may be troublesome. plants periodically. Propagate by division
spreading leaves. Produces 1–4, long- sunny site. Z8–10 C. agatiflora (Canary-bird bush) illus. in spring or summer.
tubed, pale lemon yellow to deep orange C. vernus (Dutch crocus, Spring crocus). p.459. C. spiralis. Semievergreen, perennial,
flowers, with undivided styles. Z5–9. Spring- to early summer-flowering corm. submerged water plant. S 6in (15cm).
Flowers of subsp. balansae (syn. C. Produces solitary flowers in white, or Crucianella. See Phuopsis. Small, hooded, purplish spathes are
balansae) are stained or striped bronze- shades of purple or lilac, often striped and borne intermittently among lance-shaped,
brown outside. feathered. Stigmas are large, frilly and CRUSEA purplish-green leaves. Z12 (min. 59°F/15°C)
C. pulchellus. Fall- to early-winter- orange or yellow. Suitable for naturalizing.
flowering corm. Bears 1, rarely 2, long- Z3–8. subsp. albiflorus has small, white RUBIACEAE CRYPTOGRAMMA
tubed, goblet-shaped, pale lilac-blue flowers, sometimes slightly marked or
flowers with darker veins, conspicuous, striped purple. ‘Jeanne d’Arc’ produces Genus of annuals and perennials PTERIDACEAE
yellow throats and white anthers, before white flowers with a deep purple base. grown for their showy flowers. Needs
the leaves. Z5–9 ‘Pickwick’ (illus. p.417) bears pale, a position in semi- to full shade in Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
C. salzmannii. See C. serotinus subsp. grayish-white flowers, with dark violet moist but well-drained, humus-rich ferns. Needs partial shade and moist but
salzmannii. stripes and purplish bases. ‘Purpureus soil. Propagate by seed in spring, by well-drained, neutral or acidic soil.
C. sativus, syn. C.s. var. cashmirianus Grandiflorus’ has shiny, violet-purple division in spring or summer or by Remove fading fronds. Propagate by
(Saffron crocus). Fall-flowering corm. Dull flowers. ‘Queen of the Blues’ (illus. cuttings in summer. spores in late summer.
green leaves are produced at the same p.417) has rich blue flowers that have C. coccinea illus. p.268. C. crispa (Parsley fern) illus. p.293.
time as 1–5, widely open, rich violet higher margins and a darker base.
flowers, with dark purple veins. Each ‘Remembrance’ (illus. p.417) has shiny, CRYPTANTHUS CRYPTOMERIA
flower has 3 long, bright red stigmas that violet flowers. ‘Vanguard’, a very early
yield saffron. Z6–8 cultivar, produces bluish-lilac flowers, BROMELIACEAE CUPRESSACEAE
C. serotinus subsp. salzmannii, syn. paler and silvered outside.
C. salzmannii. Fall-flowering corm. C. ‘Zephyr’. Fall-flowering corm. Bears Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming See also CONIFERS.
Produces large, solitary, lilac-blue flowers, solitary, long-tubed, very pale silver-blue perennials, grown for their attractive C. japonica (Japanese cedar). Fast-
sometimes with yellow throats, as leaves flowers, veined darker, each with a foliage. Needs semishade and well-drained growing, columnar to conical, open conifer.
are just starting to emerge. Z6–8 conspicuous yellow throat and white soil, preferably mixed with sphagnum H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has
anthers, before the leaves. Z5–8 moss. Water moderately in the growing soft, fibrous, red-brown bark, needlelike,
season, sparingly at other times. Propagate incurved, mid- to dark green leaves,
by offsets or suckers in late spring. spirally arranged, and globular, brown
C. acaulis (Green earth star). Evergreen, cones. Z5–9. ‘Bandai-sugi’, H and S 6ft
clump-forming, basal-rosetted perennial.

CYCAS

(2m), is an irregularly rounded shrub; CUPHEA ‘Leighton Green’ bears flattened sprays shaped, blue flower. Z3–9. f. albus illus.
foliage that turns bronze in winter. of paired, scalelike, rich green leaves and p.359.
‘Cristata’ illus. p.104. ‘Elegans LYTHRACEAE globular, glossy, dark brown cones. C. microphyllus illus. p.369.
Compacta’, H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 6ft (2m), ‘Robinson’s Gold’, H 50–70ft (15–20m),
is a dwarf form. ‘Pyramidata’ illus. p.104. Genus of annuals, short-lived, sometimes has bright golden leaves. Z6–10 CYANOTIS
‘Sekkan-sugi’, H 30ft (10m), S 10–12ft subshrubby perennials and evergreen
(3–4m), has semipendent branches and shrubs, grown for their flowers. Prefers CURCUMA COMMELINACEAE
light golden-cream foliage. ‘Spiralis’, full sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
H and S 6–10ft (2–3m), forms a tree or Water freely when in full growth, Hidden ginger, Siam tulip Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
dense shrub with spirally twisted moderately at other times. Remove grown for their foliage. Needs a position
foliage and is very slow-growing. flowered shoots after flowering to maintain ZINGIBERACEAE in sun or partial shade, with humus-rich,
‘Vilmoriniana’, H and S 3ft (1m), forms a bushy habit. Propagate by seed in spring well-drained soil. Propagate by tip
a globular mound of yellow-green foliage or greenwood cuttings in spring or Genus of herbaceous perennials, grown cuttings from spring to fall.
that turns bronze in winter. summer. Susceptible to red spider mite. for their patterned leaves and showy C. kewensis (Teddy-bear vine).
C. cyanea illus. p.162. bracts on the flower spikes. The lower Evergreen perennial forming rosettes
Cryptostemma calendulaceum. See C. ‘Firecracker. See C. x purpurea bracts form pouches from which flowers with trailing stems. H 2in (5cm), S 12in
Arctotheca calendula. ‘Firecracker’. emerge, the upper bracts are without (30cm). Clasping the stem are 2 rows of
C. ignea, syn. C. platycentra (Cigar flower) flowers, but larger and brightly colored overlapping, ovate leaves, to 2in (5cm)
CTENANTHE illus. p.308. or white. Grow in humus-rich, moist but long, dark green above, purple with
C. platycentra. See C. ignea. well-drained soil in partial shade. Keep velvety, brown hairs below. Stalkless
MARANTACEAE C. x purpurea ‘Firecracker’ illus. p.306. completely dry in winter. Propagate by clusters of 3-petaled, purplish-pink flowers
division in spring. are produced in axils of leaflike bracts
Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials, x Cupressocyparis. See x Cuprocyparis C. cordata. See C. zedoaria. almost all year round. Z11–12 (min.
grown for their ornamental foliage. C. petiolata (illus p.477). Herbaceous, 50°F/10°C)
Requires a humid atmosphere, even CUPRESSUS clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), C. somaliensis (Pussy ears). Evergreen,
temperature and partial shade. Prefers S 20in (50cm). Narrowly ovate, strongly creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),
moist but well-drained soil and soft water; Cypress ribbed, mid-green leaves are to 2ft (60cm) S indefinite. Small, narrow, glossy,
do not allow to dry completely. Propagate long. In summer, bears a spike, to 14in dark green leaves with white hairs
by division in spring. CUPRESSACEAE (35cm) long, of lemon-yellow flowers and surround stems. Has purplish-blue
C. lubbersiana. Evergreen, clump- bright pink upper bracts. Z12 flowers in leaf axils in winter–spring.
forming, bushy perennial. H and S to 30in See also CONIFERS. C. zedoaria, syn. C. cordata (illus. p.477). Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C)
(75cm) or more. Long-stalked, lance- C. arizonica var. glabra, syn. C. glabra Herbaceous, clump-forming perennial.
shaped, sharply pointed leaves are 10in (Arizona cypress, Smooth cypress). Conical H 60in (1.5m), S 20in (50cm). Has ovate, CYATHEA C
(25cm) long, green above, irregularly conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). ribbed, mid-green leaves, to 36in (90cm)
marked and striped with pale yellowish- Has smooth, flaking, reddish-purple bark long, with dark red stripes on upper sides. syn. ALsOPHILA, sPHAEROPTERIs
green, and pale greenish-yellow below. and upright, spirally arranged sprays of In mid- to late spring, bears a spike, 2–3in
Intermittently bears dense, one-sided scalelike, aromatic, glaucous blue-gray (5–8cm) long, of yellow flowers and pink CYATHEACEAE
spikes of small, 3-petaled, white flowers. leaves that are flecked with white resin. to purple-red upper bracts. Z12
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C) Globular cones are chocolate-brown. Z7–9 Genus of evergreen tree ferns, grown
C. oppenheimiana, syn. Calathea C. cashmeriana, syn. C. torulosa CURIO for their foliage and overall appearance.
oppenheimiana. Robust, evergreen, ‘Cashmeriana’ (Kashmir cypress) illus. p.95. Needs a humid atmosphere, sun or
bushy perennial. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. C. glabra. See C. arizonica var. glabra. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE partial shade and humus-rich, moisture-
Lance-shaped, leathery leaves are over 1ft C. lawsoniana. See Chamaecyparis retentive but well-drained soil. Water
(30cm) long, red below, dark green above lawsoniana. Genus of succulent herbaceous perennials, potted plants freely in summer, moderately
with pale green or white bands along C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa, Mexican often with creeping stems, grown for its at other times. Propagate by spores
veins on either side of midribs. Dense, cypress). Conical conifer. H 70ft (20m), interestingly shaped succulent leaves. in spring.
one-sided spikes of many small, 3-petaled, S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has fissured bark and Needs full sun or partial shade, well- C. australis, syn. Alsophila australis
white flowers are borne intermittently. spreading, spirally arranged sprays of drained soil, and good ventilation when (Australian tree fern), illus. p.452.
Z11–12. (min. 55°F/13°C). ‘Tricolor’ illus. scalelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves. grown under cover. Propagate by seed C. australis of gardens. See C. cooperi.
p.465. Bears small, globular cones that are when ripe, or by stem cuttings in summer. C. cooperi, syn. Alsophila australis of
glaucous blue when young, ripening C. articulata, syn. Baculellum gardens, C. australis of gardens. H 6–15ft
Cudrania tricuspidata. See Maclura to glossy brown. Z8–10 articulatum, Kleinia articulata, Senecio (2–5m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). Evergreen, fast-
tricuspidata. C. macrocarpa (Monterey cypress). articulatus (Candle plant). Deciduous, growing tree fern with a slender trunk
Fast-growing, evergreen conifer, columnar spreading, perennial succulent. H 2ft and mid-green fronds, to 12ft (4m) long,
CUNNINGHAMIA when young, often wide-spreading with (60cm), S indefinite. Branching, gray- divided into lance-shaped or linear
age. H 70ft (20m), S 20–80ft (6–25m). Bark marked, blue stems have weak joints. leaflets; white-scaly frond stalks do
CUPRESSACEAE is shallowly fissured. Scalelike, aromatic, Bears rounded to ovate, 3–5-lobed, gray not persist. Z8–11
bright to dark green leaves are borne in leaves and flattish heads of small, cup- C. medullaris (Black tree fern, Mamaku).
See also CONIFERS. plumelike sprays. Globular cones are shaped, yellow flowers from spring to Evergreen, upright tree fern with a
C. lanceolata (Chinese fir) illus. p.100. glossy and brown. Z8–10. ‘Goldcrest’ fall. Offsets freely from stolons. Z10–11 slender, black trunk. H 22–50ft (7–16m),
illus. p.104. (min. 50°F/10°C). ‘Variegatus’ (syn. S 20–40ft (6–12m). Has arching fronds,
CUNONIA C. pisifera. See Chamaecyparis pisifera. S.a. ‘Variegatus’) illus. p.486. each to 22ft (7m) long, divided into small,
C. sempervirens ‘Stricta’ (Italian C. rowleyana, syn. Senecio rowleyanus oblong, glossy, dark green leaflets, paler
CUNONIACEAE cypress), illus. p.102. (String-of-beads), illus. p.481. beneath. Z10–11
C. thyoides. See Chamaecyparis thyoides.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering C. torulosa ‘Cashmeriana’. See C. Curtonus paniculatus. See CYCAS 555
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers cashmeriana. Crocosmia paniculata.
and overall appearance. Requires full CYCADACEAE
light and well-drained soil. Water potted x CUPROCYPARIS CYANANTHUS
plants moderately, less in winter. Pruning Genus of slow-growing, evergreen,
is tolerated. Propagate by seed in spring syn. x CUPREssOCyPARIs CAMPANULACEAE woody-stemmed palmlike cycads. Prefers
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. a position in full light and humus-rich,
C. capensis (African red alder). CUPRESSACEAE Genus of late summer-flowering well-drained soil. In frost-prone areas,
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, perennials, suitable for rock gardens, grow in a temperate or warm greenhouse
rounded tree. H and S 30–50ft (10–15m), tContact with the foliage may aggravate walls, and troughs. Needs partial shade or as houseplants; in warmer climates,
more in rich soil. Has lustrous, dark skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. and humus-rich, moist but well-drained they are excellent specimen plants. Water
green leaves, divided into pairs of lance- x C. leylandii ‘Castlewellan’ illus. p.99. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in containerized specimens moderately, less
shaped, serrated leaflets. In late summer, ‘Haggerston Grey’ illus. p.95. spring or by seed in fall. when not in full growth. Propagate in
tiny, long-stamened, white flowers are ‘Harlequin’ is a very fast-growing, C. lobatus. Prostrate perennial. H 3∕4in spring by seed or suckers taken from
borne in dense, bottlebrushlike spikes, columnar conifer with a conical tip. (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Branched stems have mature plants.
each 4–5in (10–13cm) long. Z10–11 (min. H 80–120ft (25–35m), S 12–15ft (4–5m). small, wedge-shaped, dull green leaves. C. revoluta (Japanese sago palm) illus.
41°F/5°C) Gray-green foliage, with patches of clear In late summer, each stem bears a funnel- p.457.
ivory-white, is held in plumelike sprays.

CYCLAMEN

C CYCLAMEN 20cm), are vigorous, with fragrant flowers shade and moist soil. Propagate by seed ovate leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12
in a wide range of colors; leaves of in fall. Self-seeds readily. (min. 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C)
556 PRIMULACEAE Metis Series Decora Mixed are marked C. muralis (Ivy-leaved toadflax, C. Strathbraan gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
with silver; flowers of Metis Series Pom Kenilworth ivy). Trailing perennial. H 2in orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm).
Genus of tuberous perennials, some of Pom Mixed have fringed edges. Shows (5cm), S 5in (12cm). Has small, ivy-shaped, In spring, produces slightly arching spikes
which are occasionally evergreen, grown good resistance to botrytis. Super Serie long-stalked, finely hairy, pale green of off-white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with
for their pendent flowers, each with 5 is a range of several separate series, with leaves. From late spring to fall, produces red marks on each lip. Leaves are narrowly
reflexed petals and a mouth often stained white, pink, red or purple flowers; Super abundant, tiny, tubular, 2-lipped, spurred, ovate, to 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12 (min.
with a darker color. Grow in sun or partial Serie Micro, H and S to 6in (15cm), is a pale purple flowers in the leaf axils; lower 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C)
shade, and in humus-rich, well-drained genetic dwarf; Super Serie Da Vinci, lip has a prominent orange blotch. Z3–7 C. Strathdon gx ‘Cooksbridge Noel’.
soil. If grown in containers, in summer dry H and S to 12in (30cm), is summer- Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
off tubers of all except C. purpurascens flowering. Z10–11 (min. 50°F/10°C) CYMBIDIUM a cool greenhouse. H 3ft (1m). Sprays of
(which is evergreen and flowers in C. pseudibericum. Spring-flowering, rich pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with
summer); repot in fall and water to restart tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), ORCHIDACEAE red-spotted, yellow-tinged lips, are borne
growth. Propagate by seed in late summer S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has heart-shaped, in winter. Has narrowly ovate leaves, up
or fall. C. persicum and its cultivars are toothed leaves patterned with silvery- All require semishade in summer. to 2ft (60cm) long. Z9–11 (min. 50°F/10°C,
susceptible to black root rot. tAll parts and dark green zones. Flowers are deep tContact with the foliage may aggravate max. 75°F/24°C)
may cause severe discomfort if ingested. carmine-purple with darker, basal stains skin allergies. See also ORCHIDS. C. Strathkanaid gx (illus. p.467).
C. africanum illus. p.424. and white-rimmed mouths. Z8–10 C. Caithness Ice gx (illus. p.467). Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
C. alpinum, syn. C. trochopteranthum. C. purpurascens, syn. C. europaeum, Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm). In spring,
Spring-flowering, tuberous perennial. C. fatrense, illus. p.422. greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Bears sprays bears arching spikes of deep red flowers,
H 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Bears C. repandum. Spring-flowering, of green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, each 2in (5cm) across. Lips are white, marked
rounded or heart-shaped leaves, zoned tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), with a red-marked, white lip, in early deep red. Narrowly ovate leaves are up
with silver. Produces musty-scented, pale S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has heart-shaped, spring. Has narrowly ovate leaves, to to 2ft (60cm) long. Z9–11 (min. 50°F/10°C,
carmine or white flowers, stained dark jagged-toothed, dark green leaves with 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C)
carmine at mouths; petals are twisted and lighter patterns. Bears fragrant, slender, max. 75°F/24°C) C. tracyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic
propeller-shaped. Z7–10 reddish-purple flowers. Z8–10 C. Christmas Angel gx ‘Cooksbridge orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm).
C. caucasicum. See C. coum subsp. C. rohlfsianum illus. p.426. Sunburst’. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid In fall, bears long spikes of fragrant, olive-
caucasicum. C. trochopteranthum. See C. alpinum. for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, overlaid
C. cilicium illus. p.426. winter, produces sprays of yellow flowers, with reddish dots and dashes. Has
C. coum illus. p.429. subsp. coum Cyclobothra lutea. See Calochortus 4in (10cm) across and with red-spotted narrowly ovate leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long.
f. albissimum (syn. C.c. ‘Album’) illus. barbatus. lips. Narrowly ovate leaves are up to 2ft Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C)
p.428. subsp. caucasicum (syn. (60cm) long. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C,
C. caucasicum) is a winter-flowering, CYDONIA max. 75°F/24°C) CYNARA
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in C. devonianum. Evergreen, epiphytic
(5–10cm). Has heart-shaped, ROSACEAE orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm). ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
silver-patterned leaves and produces In early summer, bears pendent spikes of
a succession of bright carmine flowers, Genus of one species of deciduous, olive-green flowers, 1in (25cm) across, Genus of architectural perennials, grown
each with a dark stain at the mouth. spring-flowering tree or shrub, grown for overlaid with purple and with purple lips. for their large heads of flowers. C.
subsp. coum f. coum Pewter Group its flowers and fruits, which are used as a Has broadly ovate, semi-rigid leaves, to cardunculus is grown as a vegetable and
illus. p.429. subsp. coum f. coum flavouring and for preserves. Where 12in (30cm) long. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, as a decorative border plant. Needs sun
Pewter Group ‘Maurice Dryden’ illus. marginally hardy, grow against a south- or max. 75°F/24°C) and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
p.428. Z8–10 west-facing wall. Requires sun and fertile, C. elegans, syn. Cyperorchis elegans by seed or division in spring.
C. creticum. Spring-flowering, tuberous well-drained soil. Propagate species by (illus. p.467). Evergreen, epiphytic orchid C. cardunculus (Cardoon) illus. p.216.
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in seed in fall, cultivars by softwood cuttings for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm).
(5–10cm). Produces heart-shaped, dark in summer. Mildew, brown rot and Dense, pendent sprays of fragrant, tubular, CYNOGLOSSUM
green leaves, sometimes silver-patterned, fireblight are sometimes a problem. yellow flowers, 11∕2in (4cm) across, are
and fragrant, white flowers. Z7–9 C. oblonga (Common quince). borne in early summer. Has narrowly Hound’s tongue
C. cyprium. Fall-flowering, tuberous ‘Lusitanica’ is a deciduous, spreading ovate leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Broadly ovate, dark (min. 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C) BORAGINACEAE
(5–10cm). Heart-shaped, toothed, dark green leaves are gray-felted beneath. C. grandiflorum. See C. hookerianum.
green leaves, patterned with lighter green, Produces a profusion of large, 5-petaled, C. hookerianum, syn. C. grandiflorum. Genus of annuals, biennials and
are producd with or just after fragrant, pale pink flowers in late spring, followed Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool perennials, grown for their forget-me-
white flowers with carmine marks around by fragrant, pear-shaped, deep yellow greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In winter, notlike flowers, which are borne over a
the mouth. Z9–11 fruits. Z5–9. ‘Vranja’ illus. p.88. produces sprays of deep green flowers, long period from late spring to early fall.
C. europaeum. See C. purpurascens. C. sinensis. See Pseudocydonia sinensis. 3in (8cm) across, each with a hairy, brown- Needs sun and fertile but not over-rich
C. fatrense. See C. purpurascens. C. speciosa. See Chaenomeles sinensis. spotted, creamy-white lip. Narrowly ovate soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
C. graecum illus. p.425. leaves are up to 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12 seed in fall or spring.
C. hederifolium, syn. C. neapolitanum, CYLINDROPUNTIA (min. 50°F/10°C, max. 75°F/24°C) C. amabile ‘Firmament’ illus. p.315.
illus. p.426. var. hederifolium C. King’s Loch gx ‘Cooksbridge’.
f. albiflorum illus. p.424. CACTACEAE Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool CYPELLA
C. libanoticum illus. p.418. greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm). Sprays of green
C. mirabile illus. p.425. Genus of shrubby or treelike, many- flowers, 2in (5cm) across, and each with a IRIDACEAE
C. neapolitanum. See C. hederifolium. branched cacti, closely related to Opuntia. purple-marked, white lip, open in spring.
C. persicum illus. p.429. Halios Series Needs full sun and well-drained, gritty soil. Leaves are narrowly ovate and up to 2ft Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
cultivars are winter to spring-flowering Propagate by seed or root stem segments (60cm) long. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, for their short-lived, irislike flowers that
tuberous perennials. H 12in (30cm), S 7in in spring or summer. tNot suitable as max. 75°F/24°C) have 3 large, spreading outer petals and
(18cm). Blunt-toothed, heart-shaped, dark houseplants as contact with bristles may C. Pontac gx ‘Mont Millais’. 3 small, incurved inner ones. Need full
green leaves have silver marbling. Produce cause intense irritation to skin and are Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool sun and well-drained soil. Lift bulbs when
a succession of white, pink, scarlet, lilac or difficult to remove. greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Produces dormant; partially dry off in winter.
purple flowers. Kaori Series, H 4–8in (10– C. tunicata, syn. Opuntia tunicata, illus. sprays of rich, deep red flowers, 3in (8cm) Propagate by seed in spring.
20cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm), have fragrant p.496. across, edged and marked with white, in C. herbertii illus. p.412.
flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) long, in a wide range spring. Narrowly ovate leaves are up to
of colors in winter. Latinia Success CYMBALARIA 2ft (60cm) long. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, Cyperorchis elegans. See Cymbidium
Mixed, H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6–8in (15– max. 75°F/24°C) elegans.
20cm), are compact and prolific, with PLANTAGINACEAE C. Portelet Bay gx (illus. p.466).
white, rose-pink, salmon-pink, clear red, Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool CYPERUS
wine red or purple flowers. Metis Series Genus of usually short-lived, creeping greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Red-lipped,
cultivars, H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6–8in (15– or trailing perennials, grown for their white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are CYPERACEAE
tiny flowers borne on slender stems. borne in sprays in spring. Has narrowly
Good for rock gardens, wall crevices See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
and banks, but may be invasive. Needs and SEDGES.
C. albostriatus, syn. C. diffusus of
gardens, C. elegans of gardens. Evergreen,

CYTISUS

perennial sedge. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite. C. calceolus (Lady’s slipper orchid, and-yellow flowers, slightly green-tinged, C. battandieri. See Argyrocytisus C
Stem has prominently veined, mid-green Yellow lady’s slipper orchid). Deciduous, each 3in (7cm) long. Z10–11 battandieri.
leaves and up to 8 leaflike, green bracts terrestrial orchid. H 30in (75cm). In spring– C. parviflorus. See C. brachyscyphus. C. x beanii illus. p.335. 557
surrounding a well-branched umbel of summer, bears paired or solitary yellow- C. purpureus. See C. elatus. C. x boskoopii. Deciduous shrub. H and S
brown spikelets, produced in summer. pouched, purple flowers, 11∕4–3in (3–7cm) C. sanguineus. Clump-forming, 5ft (1.5m). Habit is more open than C.
Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) long. Broadly lance-shaped leaves, 2–8in summer-flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30– praecox and pink flowers are relatively
C. alternifolius of gardens. See C. (5–20cm) long, are arranged in a spiral up 50cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has strap- small, but borne in great abundance in late
involucratus. stem. Stems and leaves are slightly hairy. shaped, semierect, basal, bright green spring and early summer. Z6–10.
C. diffusus of gardens. See C. albostriatus. Z2–8. var. pubescens see C. pubescens. leaves. Sturdy stem bears 1 or 2 long- ‘Boskoop Ruby’ see C. ‘Boskoop Ruby’.
C. elegans of gardens. See C. albostriatus. C. macranthon. See C. macranthos. tubed, scarlet flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) ‘Hollandia’ has lilac-pink standards and
C. flabelliformis. See C. involucratus. C. macranthos, syn. C. macranthon. long. Z10–11 carmine-red wings. ‘Windlesham Ruby’
C. involucratus, syn. C. alternifolius of Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm). see C. ‘Windlesham Ruby’. ‘Zeelandia’
gardens, C. flabelliformis, illus. p.478. Pouched, violet or purplish-red flowers, CYRTOMIUM (syn. C. ‘Zeelandia’), is a wide, bushy shrub
C. isocladus of gardens. See C. papyrus 11∕2–21∕2in (4–6cm) long, usually borne producing abundant, creamy-white and
‘Nanus’. singly, open in spring–summer. Stems DRYOPTERIDACEAE lilac-pink flowers.
C. longus (Galingale). Deciduous, and leaves, 11∕2–3in (4–7cm) long, are C. ‘Boskoop Ruby’, syn. C. x boskoopii
spreading, perennial sedge. H 5ft (1.5m), slightly hairy. Z2–8 Genus of evergreen or deciduous ferns. ‘Boskoop Ruby’. Small, rounded shrub.
S indefinite. Bears rough-edged, glossy, C. pubescens, syn. C. calceolus var. Does best in semishade and humus-rich, H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has stiff, upright
dark green leaves and, in summer, pubescens. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. moist soil. Remove fading fronds. Propagate branches and very freely bears dark
attractive umbels of narrow, flattened, H 30in (75cm). Has large, purple-marked, by division in spring or summer or by carmine-red flowers in late spring and
milk-chocolate-colored spikelets that keep greenish-yellow flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) spores in summer. early summer. Z6–10
their color well. Tolerates its roots long, in spring–summer. Large, broadly C. falcatum (Fishtail fern, Holly fern) C. canariensis of gardens. See Genista
in water. Z6–9 lance-shaped leaves, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, illus. p.291. spachiana.
C. papyrus (Paper reed, Papyrus) are arranged in a spiral up stem. Stems and C. fortunei, syn. Phanerophlebia C. ‘Firefly’. Deciduous, bushy shrub with
illus. p.478. ‘Nanus’ (syn. C. isocladus leaves are hairy. Z2–8 fortunei. Evergreen fern. H 2ft (60cm), slender, arching shoots. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–
of gardens) is an evergreen, spreading, C. reginae (Showy lady’s slipper orchid; S 16in (40cm). Has erect, dull, pale green 2m). Small, mid-green leaves are oblong
perennial sedge with a red rhizome; it is illus. p.466). Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. fronds, 12–24in (30–60cm) long, with and have 3 tiny leaflets. Produces abundant,
a dwarf variant of the species, sometimes H to 3ft (1m). In spring–summer, white broadly sickle-shaped pinnae, 1–2in yellow flowers, marked with red, from late
considered distinct, and is often grown flowers, 3∕4–2in (2–5cm) long, each with (2.5–5cm) long. Z8–11 spring to early summer. Z6–10
under misapplied names. H 32in (80cm), a pouched, white-streaked, pink lip, are C. hirsutus. See Chamaecytisus hirsutus.
S indefinite. Triangular, leafless stems bear borne singly or in groups of 2 or 3. Stem CYSTOPTERIS C. x kewensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
umbels of brown spikelets on 3–4in and leaves, 4–10in (10–25cm) long, are H 1ft (30cm), S to 6ft (2m). Has leaves, each
(8–10cm) stalks in summer. Z10–12 (min. hairy. Z2–7 WOODSIACEAE composed of 3 tiny leaflets, along downy
41–50°F/5–10°C) C. Ulla Silkens gx illus. p.256. stems. In late spring, bears creamy-white
Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for flowers. Good for a bank or large rock
Cyphomandra betacea. See Solanum CYRTANTHUS rock gardens. Does best in semishade garden. Z6–10
betaceum. and in soil that is never allowed to dry C. ‘Lena’. Deciduous, compact shrub with
AMARYLLIDACEAE out. Remove fronds as they fade. a spherical habit. H and S 3ft (1m). Very
Cyphomandra crassicaulis. See Propagate by division in spring, by spores small, mid-green leaves have 3 oblong
Solanum betaceum. Genus of bulbs with brightly colored in summer or by bulbils when available. leaflets. A profusion of bicolored red and
flowers, usually produced in summer. C. bulbifera (Berry bladder fern). yellow flowers are borne from late spring
CYPHOSTEMMA Requires full sun and free-draining, light Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm). to early summer. Z6–10
soil. In frost-free areas may flower for Broadly lance-shaped, much-divided, C. nigricans, syn. Lembotropis nigricans,
VITACEAE much of the year. Plant in spring. Water dainty, pale green fronds produce tiny illus. p.160. ‘Cyni’ is deciduous shrub with
freely in the growing season. Propagate bulbils along their length. Propagate by a neat, compact habit. H 5ft (1.5m), S to
Genus of prostrate or climbing, often by seed or offsets in spring. bulbils as soon as mature. Z3–9 3ft (1m). Dark green leaves are composed
deciduous, perennial succulents with C. brachyscyphus, syn. C. parviflorus, C. dickieana. Deciduous fern. H 6in of 3 leaflets. In late summer, bears a
very thick, fleshy, almost woody caudices illus. p.423. (15cm), S 9in (23cm). Has broadly lance- profusion of yellow flowers in tall, slender
and branches. Leaf undersides often C. breviflorus, syn. Anoiganthus shaped, divided, delicate, pale green fronds, spires. Z6–10
exude droplets of resin. Needs full sun breviflorus, A. luteus. Clump-forming, with oblong, blunt, indented pinnae, that C. x praecox ‘Allgold’ (Broom) illus.
and very well-drained soil. Keep dry in summer-flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20– arch downward. Z3–9 p.148. ‘Warminster’ (Warminster broom)
winter. Difficult to grow. Propagate by 30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has narrowly C. fragilis (Brittle bladder fern). illus. p.148.
seed in spring. strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm). C. purpureus. See Chamaecytisus
C. bainesii, syn. Cissus bainesii. Leafless flower stem bears up to 6 funnel- Broadly lance-shaped, pale green fronds purpureus.
Deciduous, perennial succulent. H and S shaped, yellow flowers, 3∕4–11∕4in (2–3cm) are delicate and much divided into oblong, C. racemosus of gardens. See Genista
2ft (60cm). Has a thick, swollen, bottle- long, at any time of year. Prefers a warm, pointed, indented pinnae. Z3–9 spachiana.
shaped trunk, often unbranched, covered sheltered situation. Z9–11 C. scoparius (Common broom).
in peeling, papery, yellow bark. Fleshy, C. elatus, syn. C. purpureus, Vallota CYTISUS f. andreanus (Common broom) illus.
silvery-green leaves, with deeply serrated speciosa. Clump-forming, summer- p.162. subsp. maritimus, syn. C.s. var.
edges, are divided into 3 leaflets, silver- flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), Broom prostratus, is a deciduous, prostrate shrub
haired when young. Bears tiny, cup- S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has widely strap-shaped, forming dense mounds of interlocking
shaped, yellow-green flowers in summer, semierect, basal, bright green leaves. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE shoots. H 8in (20cm), S 4–6ft (1.2–2m).
then grapelike, red fruits. Z11–12 Sturdy stem bears a head of up to 5 widely Small, gray-green leaves usually have
(min. 50°F/10°C) funnel-shaped, scarlet flowers, 3–4in Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, 3 oblong leaflets, but may be reduced to
C. juttae, syn. Cissus juttae, illus. p.487. (8–10cm) long. An excellent houseplant. rarely small trees, grown for their profuse, a single leaflet. Bears abundant, golden-
Z10–11 pealike, sometimes fragrant, flowers, yellow flowers in late spring and early
CYPRIPEDIUM C. mackenii illus. p.412. subsp. cooperi which are followed by narrow seed pods. summer. var. prostratus see C.s. subsp.
is a clump-forming, summer-flowering Prefers full sun and fertile, but not over- maritimus. ‘Windlesham Ruby’ see C.
Slipper orchid bulb. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 3–4in rich, well-drained soil. Resents being ‘Windlesham Ruby’. Z7–9
(8–10cm). Has long, narrow, semierect, transplanted. Propagate species by C. ‘Windlesham Ruby’, syn. C. x
ORCHIDACEAE basal leaves. Leafless stems each bear a semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed boskoopii ‘Windlesham Ruby’, C. scoparius
head of up to 10 fragrant, tubular, cream in fall, hybrids and cultivars by semiripe ‘Windlesham Ruby’. Deciduous, bushy
All do best in partial shade. See also or yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) long and cuttings in late summer. tAll parts, shrub with slender, arching shoots. H and
ORCHIDS. slightly curved. Z10–11 especially the seeds, may cause mild S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green leaves
C. acaule (Moccasin flower). Deciduous, C. obliquus. Clump-forming, summer- stomach upset if ingested. have 3 oblong leaflets. Large, rich red
terrestrial orchid. H to 16in (40cm). flowering bulb. H 8–24in (20–60cm), C. albus, syn. Chamaecytisus albus. flowers are borne in profusion in late
Yellowish-green or purple flowers, 11∕2– S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has widely strap- Deciduous, spreading shrub. H 1ft spring and early summer. Z6–9
21∕2in (4–6cm) long, each with a pouched, shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Has leaves, each C. ‘Zeelandia’. See C. x boskoopii
pink or white lip, are borne singly in leaves, twisted lengthways. Produces a with 3 tiny leaflets and, from early to ‘Zeelandia’.
spring–summer. Leaves are broadly lance- head of up to 12 pendent, tubular, red- midsummer, dense clusters of creamy-
shaped, pleated and 4–12in (10–30cm) white flowers. Z6–10
long. Z2–8 C. ardoinoi illus. p.372.

DABOECIA

D are spotted with brownish-purple and The term Dwarf bedder can apply to any D. ‘Berwick Wood’ (illus. p.397).
arranged spirally on stem. Requires shade form of dahlia to 2ft (60cm) high. Lilliput Medium-flowered Decorative dahlia.
DABOECIA outdoors; keep potted plants semishaded dahlias are even smaller, to 1ft (30cm) H 4½ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
in summer. Z6–8 high. The flowers may have single, semi- produces dark-centered, purple flowers on
ERICACEAE D. foliosa, syn. D. maderensis, Orchis double or double flowers up to 1in (25cm) strong stems. Z9–11
maderensis, illus. p.265. in diameter. For exhibition purposes certain D. ‘Bishop of Auckland’ (illus. p.397).
Genus of two species of evergreen shrubs D. maderensis. See D. foliosa. groups may be subdivided; flower sizes are Single-flowered dahlia. H 32in (80cm),
in the heather family (see also p.166). as follows: S 18in (45cm). Bears matte blackish-green
Elliptical leaves are dark green above, DAHLIA leaves and single, open-centered, dusky-
silver-gray beneath. The flowers are urn- Groups 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 red flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11
shaped, usually pendent, borne in erect ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE A—giant-flowered; usually over 10in D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ (illus. p.398).
racemes. Grow in full sun, in lime-free soil. (25cm) in diameter. B—large-flowered; Peony-flowered dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 1½ft
Propagate named cultivars by cuttings Genus of bushy, summer- and fall- usually 8–10in (20–25cm) in diameter. (45cm). Has bronze-green leaves and
or layering. flowering, tuberous perennials, grown as C—medium-flowered; usually 6–8in (15– single, open-centered, dark red flowers,
D. azorica (Queiró, Azores heath). bedding plants or for their flower heads, 20cm) in diameter. D—small-flowered; 3in (8cm) across, in summer–fall. Excellent
Compact shrub. H to 6in (15cm), S to 2ft which are good for cutting or exhibition. usually 4–6in (10–15cm) in diameter. as a bedding plant. Z9–11
(60cm). Flowers, borne in late spring and Dwarf forms are used for mass-planting E—miniature-flowered; usually not D. ‘Bishop of York’ (illus. p.398).
early summer in short racemes, are vivid and are also suitable for containers. Needs exceeding 4in (10cm) in diameter. Single-flowered dahlia. H 32in (80cm),
red, pink or white. Z6–8. ‘Arthur P. a sunny position and well-drained soil. S 18in (45cm). Produces dark purple leaves
Dome’, H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12–18in (30– All apart from dwarf forms require staking. Group 6 and single, open-centered, orange-blushed,
45cm), is slow-growing and prostrate, with After flowering, lift tubers and store in A—small ball dahlias; usually 4–6in (10– golden flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11
ruby flowers. a frost-free place; replant once all frost 15cm) in diameter. B—miniature ball D. ‘Black Narcissus’ (illus. p.398).
D. cantabrica (St. Dabeoc’s heath). danger has passed. In frost-free areas, dahlias; usually 2–4in (5–10cm) in diameter. Medium-flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 5ft
Straggling shrub. H to 18in (45cm), S 2ft plants may be left in ground as normal (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears intensely dark
(60cm). Top growth may be damaged by herbaceous perennials, but they benefit Group 7 red blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11
frost and cold winds, but plants respond from regular propagation to maintain Pompom dahlias; not exceeding 2in (5cm) D. ‘Blyton Softer Gleam’. Ball dahlia.
well to hard pruning and produce new vigour. Propagate dwarf forms by seed in diameter. H 4½ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellow
growth from base. Leaves are lance- sown under glass in late winter, others blooms with soft orange tips in summer–
shaped to ovate. Bears purple, mauve pink in spring by seed, basal shoot cuttings or D. ‘Akita’ (illus. p.398). Miscellaneous fall. Good for both exhibition and garden
or white flowers from late spring to division of tubers. Dahlias may be subject dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces display. Z9–11
midfall. Z6–8. ‘Bicolor’ (illus. p.166) bears to attack by aphids, red spider mite and dark crimson to red flowers, to 5in (13cm) D. ‘Brian’s Dream’ (illus. p.397).
white, purple and striped flowers on the thrips. In recent years, powdery mildew across, with yellow centers, in summer– Miniature-flowered Decorative dahlia.
same plant. f. blumii ‘White Blum’ has become a problem in certain areas, fall. The reverses of the petals are tipped H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
bears upward-pointing, white flowers. and spraying is essential. Dahlias also white. Z9–11 creamy-white flowers, with petal tips
‘Charles Nelson’ is a sprawling shrub, succumb quickly to virus infection. D. ‘Almand’s Climax’. Decorative suffused purplish-pink, in summer–fall.
See also feature panel pp.396–98. dahlia. H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In Z9–11
D with barrel-shaped, double, mauve flowers summer–fall, bears pinkish-purple D. ‘Brookfield Enid’. See D.
from early summer to midfall; the Border dahlias blooms streaked with white. Good for ‘Anniversary Ball’.
old corollas are not deciduous but remain Prolific and long-flowering, various species both exhibition and garden display. Z9–11 D. ‘Butterball’. Miniature-flowered
on the plants. ‘Hookstone Purple’, of Dahlia have been hybridized and, with D. ‘Alva’s Doris’. Small-flowered Cactus decorative dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
S to 34in (85cm), is a robust, spreading constant breeding and selection, have dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Free- (30cm). Produces bright yellow flowers
shrub, bearing large, amethyst-purple developed into many forms displaying flowering with blood-red blooms on in early summer. Z9–11
flowers from late spring to late fall. a wide color range (although there is no strong stems in summer–fall. Good for D. ‘Café au Lait’ (illus. p.396). Giant-
‘Praegerae’, H 14in (35cm), has glowing blue). Shoots may be stopped, or pinched exhibition. Z9–11 flowered Decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm),
deep pink flowers. ‘Romantic Muxoll’, out, to promote vigorous growth and a D. ‘Alva’s Supreme’ (illus. p.398). Giant- S 2ft (60cm). Cream flowers that merge
H 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm), is compact, bushy shape. Spread measurements flowered Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), into pale peach in the centers are borne
with erect, double, rose-pink flowers; the depend on the amount of stopping carried S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow flowers in in summer–fall. Z9–11
old corollas are deciduous. subsp. scotica out and the time at which it is done: early summer–fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘Cameo’. Small-flowered Waterlily
see D. x scotica. ‘Snowdrift’ has bright stopping encourages a broader shape, D. ‘Ann Breckenfelder’. Collerette dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
green foliage and long racemes of large, stopping later in the growing season dahlia. H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In Cream flowers with a yellow base are
white flowers. ‘Waley’s Red’ is a results in a taller plant with much less summer–fall, bears bright orange-red borne in summer–fall. Z9–11
spreading shrub, with glowing magenta spread, even in the same cultivar. Leaves blooms with an inner collar of greenish- D. ‘Candy Cupid’. Miniature Ball dahlia.
flowers in summer. are generally mid-green and divided into yellow florets. Good for both exhibition H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
D. x scotica, syn. D. cantabrica subsp. ovate leaflets, some with rounded tips and and garden display. Z9–11 bears lavender-pink flowers that are good
scotica. Compact shrub. H to 6in (15cm), some with toothed margins. Each flower D. ‘Anniversary Ball’, syn. D. for exhibition. Z9–11
S to 2ft (60cm). Bears white, purple or head is referred to horticulturally as ‘Brookfield Enid’. Miniature Ball dahlia. D. ‘Carolina Moon’ (illus. p.397). Small-
red flowers from late spring to midfall. a flower, even though it does in fact H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces lilac and flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
Z6–8.  ‘Jack Drake’, H 8in (20cm), has comprise a large number of individual pink flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-edged, white flowers are
small leaves and ruby-colored flowers. flowers. This horticultural usage has D. ‘Appetiser’. Small-flowered produced in summer–fall. Z9–11
‘Katherine’s Choice’, H 8in (20cm), has been followed in the descriptions below. Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft D. ‘Charlie Dimmock’ (illus. p.398).
mid-green foliage and bears cerise flowers All forms with flower heads to 6in (15cm) (60cm). Produces yellow and pink flowers Small-flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 51⁄2ft
in summer.  ‘Silverwells’ has small, across are suitable for cutting; those in summer–fall. Z9–11 (1.6m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears apricot flowers
bright green leaves and large, white suitable for exhibition are so noted. D. ‘Arabian Night’ (illus. p.397). Small- on a pale yellow ground, in summer–fall.
flowers.  ‘William Buchanan’, H 18in flowered Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Z9–11
(45cm), is a vigorous cultivar with dark Groups and flower sizes S 1½ft (50cm). Has dark green leaves. D. ‘Chat Noir’. Medium-flowered
green leaves and deep purple flowers. Dahlias are divided into groups according Double, dark burgundy-red flowers are Semicactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
to the size and type of their flower heads, borne in summer–fall. Z9–11 Produces deep reddish-black flowers in
558 DACTYLORHIZA although the latter may vary in color D. ‘Autumn Fairy’. Miniature-flowered, summer–fall. Z9–11
and shape depending on soil and weather Semicactus dahlia. H 16in (40cm), S 1ft D. ‘Cherokee Beauty’. Giant-flowered
ORCHIDACEAE conditions. The groups are: (1) Single- (30cm). Soft orange flowers, with darker Decorative dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 2–3ft
flowered; (2) Anemone-flowered; centers, are borne in summer–fall. Z9–11 (60–90cm). Bears pink flowers in summer–
See also ORCHIDS. (3) Collerette; (4) Waterlily; (5) Decorative; D. ‘Barry Williams’. Medium-flowered fall. Z9–11
D. elata, syn. Orchis elata. Deciduous, (6) Ball; (7) Pompom; (8) Cactus; (9) Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft D. ‘Cherwell Skylark’. Small-flowered
terrestrial orchid. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m). Spikes Semicactus; (10) Miscellaneous; (11) (60cm). Bears pink and yellow flowers in Semicactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 20–24in
of pink or purple flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) Fimbriated; (12) Single orchid (Star); (13) summer–fall. Z9–11 (50–60cm). Bears orange-flushed, salmon-
long, open in spring–summer. Lance- Double orchid and Stellar; (14) Peony- D. ‘Bednall Beauty’. Peony-flowered pink blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11
shaped leaves, 6–10in (15–25cm) long, flowered. For illustrations and descriptions dahlia. H 4½ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears D. ‘Chimborazo’ (illus. p.398). Collerette
see p.396. vivid red blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
are glossy, dark green. Very free-

DAHLIA

flowering. Each bloom is 6in (15cm) 3in (8cm) across, in summer–fall. Good for D. ‘Glorie van Heemstede’. Small- Bears red-purple flowers in summer D
across, with dark maroon outer petals exhibition and garden display. Z9–11 flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 4½ft (1.35m), and fall. Z9–11
surrounding a greenish-yellow collar, D. ‘Embrace’. Small-flowered Cactus S 2ft (60cm). Clear yellow flowers are D. ‘Hillcrest Regal’. Collerette dahlia. 559
touched red at the base, with a yellow dahlia. H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has pale produced on sturdy stems in summer–fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears blooms
central disc. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 orange flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 Z9–11 with deep red-purple outer florets and
D. ‘Clair de Lune’. Collerette dahlia. D. ‘Eveline’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered D. ‘Grenadier’. Small-flowered a white collar, heavily overlaid deep red-
H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Each bloom Decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). purple. Z9–11
is 5in (13cm) across, with an outer ring White flowers, with a touch of purple at Bears bright orange-red blooms D. ‘Hillcrest Royal’. Medium-flowered
of clear yellow petals, a cream inner ring the centers and petal tips, are produced in summer–fall above dark bronze-green Cactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
and center, and deep yellow anthers. in summer–fall. Z9–11 foliage. Z9–11 In summer–fall, rich purple flowers, with
Good for exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘Fascination’. Dwarf Peony-flowered D. ‘Grenidor Pastelle’. Medium- incurving petals, are borne on
D. coccinea (illus. p.397). Tuberous- dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), strong stems. Z9–11
rooted herbaceous perennial. H 6–10ft loose, pale purple-pink blooms, 5in (13cm) S 2ft (60cm). Bears salmon-pink flowers, D. ‘Hillcrest Ultra’. Small-flowered
(2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). From summer–late across. Bronze foliage. Excellent for with cream petal bases, in summer–fall. Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
fall, produces sprays of single, yellow, borders. Z9–11 Good for exhibition. Z9–11 Produces flowers with pink outer petals
orange-red, maroon or purple-red flowers, D. ‘Finchcocks’. Waterlily dahlia. H 4ft D. ‘Gwyneth’. Small-flowered Waterlily and lemon-yellow inner petals, in summer–
2–3in (5–8cm) across. A parent of many (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Free-flowering, in dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears fall. Z9–11
garden dahlias. Z9–11 shades of salmon-orange from summer– bronze-tinted, orange flowers in summer– D. ‘Honka’. Single orchid dahlia. H 3–4ft
D. Coltness Hybrid. Single-flowered fall. Dark, divided foliage. Z9–11 fall. Good for cutting. Z9–11 (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
dahlia. H and S 18in (45cm). Seed mix. D. ‘Franz Kafka’ (illus. p.397). Pompom D. ‘Hamari Accord’ (illus. p.398). Large- bears abundant, star-shaped, bright yellow
Has deeply lobed leaves and daisylike, dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 22in (55cm). Bears flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with darker
single flowers in many colors in summer– lilac flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Has clear yellow flowers held yellow discs. Good for cutting. Z9–11
fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Freya’s Paso Doble’, syn. D. ‘Paso on strong stems in summer–fall. Good for D. ‘Hootenanny’. See D. ‘Hootenanny—
D. ‘Comet’ (illus. p.398). Anemone- Doble’. Anemone-flowered dahlia. both exhibition and garden display. Z9–11 Swan Island’.
flowered dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, D. ‘Hamari Bride’. Semicactus dahlia. D. ‘Hootenanny—Swan Island’,
(60cm). Leaves are glossy, dark green. has blooms with tubular, fringed, bright H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears pure white syn. D. ‘Hootenanny’ (illus. p.397).
Dark red flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, yellow central florets, surrounded by a blooms in summer–fall. Good for both Collerette dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
are produced in summer–fall. Z9–11 flattened, outer ring of whitish-yellow exhibition and garden display. Z9–11 Bears striking blooms with dark reddish-
D. ‘Cornel’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered petals. Z9–11 D. ‘Hamari Gold’ illus. p.327. magenta outer florets, and the collar
Ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Deep D. ‘Fusion’. Small-flowered Decorative D. ‘Hamari Katrina’ (illus. p.398). magenta at base and pink at apex. Dark
maroon-red flowers are produced in dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer– Large-flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft green foliage. Z9–11
summer–fall. Z9–11 fall, produces white flowers, the outer (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces deep butter- D. ‘HS First Love’. See D. Happy Single
D. ‘Cottesmore’. Medium-flowered petals flushed pale pink, the inner petals yellow flowers in summer–fall. Good for FirSt love.
Waterlily dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). veined purple-violet. Has bronze-tinged, exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘HS Juliet’. See D. Happy Single
Produces purplish-pink flowers, with dark green foliage. Z9–11 D. ‘Hamari Rosé’. Ball dahlia. H 3½ft Juliet.
yellow shading at the petal bases, in D. ‘Gallery Art Deco’. Miniature- (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has pale purplish-pink D. ‘HS Kiss’. See D. Happy Single KiSS.
summer–fall. Z9–11 flowered Decorative dahlia. H 12–18in (30– blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘HS Romeo’. See D. Happy Single
D. ‘Currant Cream’. Small Ball dahlia. 45cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces dark green D. happy sinGle First love (‘HS First romeo.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears dark pink leaves and bears double, red-centered, Love’) (illus. p.398). Single-flowered D. ‘HS Wink’. See D. Happy Single
flowers, with pink-and-white petal bases, deep orange flowers, 4in (10cm) across, dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has WinK.  D. ‘Jean Fairs’. Waterlily dahlia.
in summer–fall. Good for cutting. Z9–11 in summer–fall. Z9–11 dark purple leaves. Peach flowers, with H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
D. Dahlietta Series ‘Surprise Kelly’ D. ‘Gallery Art Fair’ illus. p.298. a central red ring, are borne from produces semidouble, orange-yellow
illus. p.326. D. ‘Gallery Art Nouveau’ (illus. p.397). midsummer to fall. Z9–11 flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, the yellow
D. ‘Dandy’ illus. p.327. Miniature-flowered Decorative dahlia. D. happy sinGle Juliet (‘HS Juliet’). outer petals strongly flushed orange, the
D. ‘Davenport Sunlight’. Medium- H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). In Single-flowered dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in inner petals orange-red. Z9–11
flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), summer–fall, produces double, pink and (45cm). Produces fuchsia-pink flowers, in D. ‘Jescot Julie’. Double orchid-flowered
S 2ft (60cm). Has bright yellow flowers in purple flowers, 4in (10cm) across, above summer–fall, above dark purple leaves. dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Bears
summer–fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 dark green foliage. Z9–11 Z9–11 burnt orange blooms, 4½in (11cm) across,
D. ‘Deborah’s Kiwi’. Small-flowered D. Gateshead Festival. See D. ‘Peach D. happy sinGle Kiss (‘HS Kiss’). purplish red on the reverse, in summer–
Cactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Melba’. Single-flowered dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in fall. Z9–11
Produces pink flowers, with white bases D. ‘Gay Princess’. Small-flowered (45cm). Flowers with salmon-pink petals D. ‘Jim Branigan’. Large-flowered
to the petals, in summer–fall. Z9–11 Waterlily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). that blend into yellow at the center, and a Semicactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 2ft
D. ‘Demi Schneider’. Collerette dahlia. Produces lilac-lavender flowers dark brown eye, are produced in summer– (60cm). Bright red flowers are held well
H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, in summer–fall. Z9–11 fall, above dark purple foliage. Z9–11 above the foliage in summer–fall.
bears single, red flowers, to 51⁄2in (14cm) D. ‘Geerling’s Moonlight’. Medium- D. happy sinGle romeo (‘HS Romeo’) Good for exhibition. Z9–11
across, with yellow centers. Z9–11 flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), illus. p.306. D. ‘Jodie Wilkinson’. Ball dahlia.
D. ‘Don Hill’. Collerette dahlia. S 2ft (60cm). Produces brilliant yellow D. happy sinGle WinK (‘HS Wink’). H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 Single-flowered dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), bears pale apricot-orange blooms with a
bears burgundy-red blooms with red D. ‘Geerlings Sorbet’, syn. D. ‘Sorbet’ S 18in (45cm). Produces lilac-pink flowers, touch of lemon-yellow at the base of the
collars flecked and tipped white. Z9–11 (illus. p.397). Medium-flowered Semicactus each with a central, red ring around a florets. Z9–11
D. ‘Downham Royal’. Miniature- dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces dark eye, in summer–fall. Leaves are dark D. ‘Jomanda’. Ball dahlia. H 3½ft (1.1m),
flowered Ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft white flowers, with dark purple-red tips, purple. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Bears clear terracotta-orange
(60cm). Produces deep claret-red flowers from midsummer to fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Hayley Jayne’. Small-flowered blooms in summer–fall. Good for both
in summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’ (illus. p.397). Small- Semicactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft borders and exhibition. Z9–11
D. ‘East Anglian’. Small-flowered flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), (60cm). Produces flowers that are white at D. ‘Josie Gott’. Ball dahlia. H 3½ft (1.1m),
Decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). S 2ft (60cm). Abundant, rose-pink flowers the base with purple-red tips, in summer– S 2ft (60cm). Produces white blooms with
Bears orange-yellow flowers in summer– are borne on sturdy stems in summer– fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 lightly flushed lavender tips in summer–
fall. Z9–11 fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Hexton Copper’ (illus. p.398). Small fall. Z9–11
D. ‘Easter Sunday’. Collerette dahlia. D. ‘Gilwood Terry G’. Small-flowered Ball dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Julie One’ illus. p.414.
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, Semicactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 3–4ft Bears orange flowers in summer–fall. D. ‘Jura’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered
dark green. Produces flowers 4in (10cm) (1–1.2m). Flowers have bronze-tinted, Z9–11 Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
across, with white, inner and outer petals, orange outer petals and yellow inner D. ‘Hillcrest Candy’. Semicactus dahlia. (60cm). In summer–fall, produces purple-
and dark yellow centers, in summer–fall. petals, borne in summer–fall. Good for H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears blooms tipped, white flowers. Z9–11
Good for exhibition. Z9–11 cutting. Z9–11 with bright pink outer florets and white D. ‘Karma Amanda’. Small-flowered
D. ‘Ellen Huston’ (illus. p.398). D. ‘Giraffe’. Double orchid dahlia. H 3ft inner florets. Good for exhibition and Decorative dahlia. H 34in (85cm), S 2ft
Decorative, dwarf bedding dahlia. H 16in (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, bears garden display. Z9–11 (60cm). In summer–fall, bears white
(40cm), S 18in (45cm). Has dark bronzed spotted, yellow-bronze flowers, to 3in D. ‘Hillcrest Jessica J’. Large-flowered flowers with lilac petal tips and darker
leaves and bears bright coral-red blooms, (8cm) across. Good for cutting. Z9–11 Cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). lilac coloring extending toward the
base. Z9–11

DAHLIA

D D. ‘Karma Choc’ (illus. p.398). Small- with purplish tones. Excellent for both the D. ‘Pink Shirley Alliance’. Small- D. ‘Tally Ho’. Single-flowered dahlia.
flowered Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears bright
560 S 2ft (60cm). Has black-green leaves and garden and exhibition. Z9–11 flowered Cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft orange-red blooms in summer–fall, and
bears velvety, dark maroon flowers in D. merckii. Tuberous-rooted, herbaceous dark bronze-green foliage. Z9–11
summer–fall. Z9–11 perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has (60cm). Has soft lilac-pink flowers in D. ‘Trelyn Kiwi’ (illus. p.396). Small-
D. ‘Kathryn’s Cupid’. Miniature Ball many-branched stems and bears single, flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In saucer-shaped, pink to purple or white summer–fall. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Produces pink-flushed, white
summer–fall, produces peach flowers that flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, with purple or flowers, with darker pink central petals,
are good for exhibition. Z9–11 yellow disc florets, and often with arching D. ‘Pontiac’. Small-flowered Cactus in summer–fall. Z9–11
D. ‘Kenora Sunset’. Medium-flowered flower stalks, in summer–late fall, either in D. ‘Trengrove Millennium’ (illus.
Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). racemes or singly from the leaf axils. dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are p.398). Medium-flowered Decorative
Bears bicolored, brilliant red and yellow Z9–11 dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Moonfire’. Dwarf, Single-flowered glossy, dark green. Bears dark pinkish- yellow flowers in summer–fall. Suitable for
D. ‘Kenora Superb’ (illus. p.398). Giant- dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). exhibition. Z9–11
flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces dark foliage before yellow-red purple flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Twyning’s After Eight’. Single-
S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright orange-and- flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, are borne in D. ‘Pooh’. See ‘Pooh—Swan Island’. flowered dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
yellow flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 summer–fall. Very good in a border and as D. ‘Pooh—Swan Island’, syn. D. ‘Pooh’. Bears white blooms, with a touch of
D. ‘Kenora Valentine’. Decorative a container plant. Z9–11 greenish-yellow at the base of florets, in
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears full- D. ‘Moonglow’ (illus. p.398). Large- Collerette dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). summer–fall. Has dark, almost black
bodied, orange-red blooms, with yellow flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), foliage. Z9–11
petal bases, in summer–fall. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Pale creamy-yellow flowers Produces yellow-tipped, scarlet flowers, D. ‘Vicky Crutchfield’. Small-flowered
D. ‘Kidd’s Climax’. Decorative dahlia. are produced in summer–fall. Z9–11 Waterlily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
H 3½ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears gold- D. ‘Moor Place’. Pompom dahlia. H 3ft with central, yellow collars, in summer– Bears pink flowers in summer–fall.
suffused pink blooms in summer–fall. Good (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, dark Suitable for exhibition. Z9–11
for exhibition and garden display. Z9–11 green. Has red-purple flowers in summer– fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Waltzing Mathilda’. Miscellaneous
D. ‘Kilburn Rose’ (illus. p.397). fall. A good exhibition cultivar. Z9–11 D. ‘Preston Park’ (illus. p.398). Dwarf group dahlia. H 28in (70cm), S 2ft (60cm).
Waterlily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. Mystic KnocKout. See D. ‘Knockout’. Single-flowered dahlia. H 18in (45cm), In summer–fall, bears loose flowers, in
Bears pinkish-red blooms, with bright D. ‘Nargold’. Medium-flowered S 1ft (30cm). Bedding plant with nearly shades of red and orange, and petals
yellow tones at the petal base, in summer– Fimbriated dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). black foliage. In summer–fall, short stems fold inward from the midrib. Has green
fall. Good for exhibition and garden Produces rich orange flowers with fringed bear bright scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) foliage, touched bronze, and dark purple
display. Z9–11 petals in summer–fall. Z9–11 across, with prominent yellow anthers. stems. Z9–11
D. ‘Klondike’, syn. D. ‘Klondyke’. Large- D. ‘Natal’ (illus. p.397). Pompom dahlia. Z9–11 D. ‘Wanda’s Capella’. Giant-flowered
flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Dark red flowers, D. ‘Rhonda’. Pompom dahlia. H 3ft (1m), Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers in paler on the reverse, are produced in S 2ft (60cm). Bears whitish-lilac flowers in (60cm). Has bright yellow flowers in
summer–fall. Z9–11 summer–fall. Z9–11 summer–fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 summer–fall. Suitable for exhibition. Z9–11
D. ‘Klondyke’. See D. ‘Klondike’. D. ‘Noreen’. Pompom dahlia. H 3ft (1m), D. ‘Rip City’. Small-flowered Semicactus D. ‘Westerton Folly’. Ball dahlia.
D. ‘Knockout’, syn. D. Mystic KnocKout. S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, bears dark dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Purplish-pink
Single-flowered dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft pinkish-purple flowers. Good for maroon flowers, with darker maroon- blooms are borne in summer–fall. Z9–11
(60cm). In summer–fall, produces bright exhibition. Z9–11 black centers, from summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Weston Pirate’. Miniature-flowered
yellow blooms and dark purple-green, D. ‘Onesta’. Small-flowered Waterlily D. ‘Roxy’ (illus. p.397). Single-flowered Cactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 20–24in (50–
divided foliage. Very good for containers. dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). 60cm). Produces prolific, semidouble, dark
Z9–11 abundant flowers with dark pink inner Bedding plant with magenta-purple red flowers, in summer–fall. Good for
D. ‘Lilac Marston’. Miniature-flowered petals fading to pale pink outer petals, flowers, borne summer–fall, and dark cutting. Z9–11
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). in summer–fall. Good for cutting. Z9–11 green-black leaves. Z9–11 D. ‘Weston Spanish Dancer’.
Bears warm lilac flowers in summer–fall. D. ‘Onslow Renown’ (illus. p.398). D. ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ (illus. p.397). Miniature-flowered Cactus dahlia.
Z9–11 Large-flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 4ft Large-flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 3ft H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bright scarlet
D. ‘Lilac Time’. Medium-flowered (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish- (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lavender-pink flowers, flowers, with yellow bases, are produced
Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). orange flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 with white bases, are produced summer– summer–fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11
Produces white-edged, lilac flowers in D. ‘Otto’s Thrill’ (illus. p.397). Large fall. Z9–11 D. ‘White Alva’s (illus. p.396). Giant-
summer–fall. Z9–11 Decorative dahlia. H 4½ft (1.4m), S 2ft D. ‘Ryecroft Gem’ (illus. p.397). flowered Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
D. ‘Mabel Ann’. Giant-flowered (60cm). Bears pink and yellow blooms in Miniature-flowered Decorative dahlia. S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers,
summer–fall. Z9–11 H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, held well above the foliage on strong
Decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Park Princess’. Small-flowered bears violet-margined, lavender-pink stems, in summer–fall. Good for
Cactus dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). flowers. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 exhibition. Z9–11
Apricot flowers, with pale yellow centers, Pink flowers are borne in profusion in D. ‘Ryecroft Jan’. Ball dahlia. H 3½ft D. ‘White Ballet’ (illus. p.396). Small-
summer–fall. Z9–11 flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft
are produced in summer–fall. Z9–11 D. ‘Paso Doble’. See D. ‘Freya’s Paso (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has neat white blooms (60cm). Bears pure white flowers
 D. ‘Magenta Star’. Single-flowered Doble’. in summer–fall. Good for both garden in summer–fall. Z9–11
D. ‘Peach Melba’, syn. D. Gateshead display and exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘White Klankstad’ (illus. p.396).
dahlia. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). Bears Festival. Small-flowered Decorative dahlia. D. ‘Sascha’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered Small-flowered Cactus dahlia. H 31⁄2–4ft
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, Waterlily dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). (1.1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). A sport of D.
long-lasting, bright magenta-purple bears peach to orange flowers with lemon- In summer–fall, bears bright purple-pink ‘Klankstad Kerkrade’ with white flowers
yellow petal bases. Good for exhibition. flowers, fading to paler purple-pink in summer–fall. Z9–11
blooms, in summer–fall, with dark, almost Z9–11 toward the margins. Z9–11 D. ‘White Moonlight’ (illus. p.396).
D. ‘Pearl of Heemstede’. Small- D. ‘Shandy’. Small-flowered Semicactus Medium-flowered Semicactus dahlia.
black, foliage that contrasts well with the flowered Waterlily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). White flowers
(45cm). Produces pale silvery-pink flowers dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears are borne on sturdy stems in summer–
flower heads. Z9–11 on long, thin stems in summer–fall. pale orange-brown flowers in summer– fall. Z9–11
D. ‘Marie Schnugg’. Single orchid Extremely free-flowering. Z9–11 fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘Wootton Cupid’ (illus. p.397).
dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In D. ‘Pink Giraffe’. Double orchid dahlia. D. ‘Shirley Alliance’. Small-flowered Miniature Ball dahlia. H 31⁄2–4ft (1.1–1.2m),
summer–fall, bears starlike, vivid red H 4½ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, S 2ft (60cm). Produces sugar-pink flowers
produces distinctive, pale pink blooms, Cactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). during summer–fall. Good for exhibition.
flowers, with a touch of magenta-purple with broad, horizontal stripes of shocking In summer–fall, bears soft orange flowers Z9–11
pink across the florets. Z9–11 with a gold base to each petal. Good for D. ‘Wootton Impact’ (illus. p.398).
at the margins. Good as a border plant D. ‘Pink Jupiter’. Giant-flowered exhibition. Z9–11 Medium-flowered Semicactus dahlia.
Semicactus dahlia. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), S 2ft D. ‘Sir Alf Ramsey’. Giant-flowered H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall,
as well as for cutting. Z9–11 (60cm). In summer–fall, bears deep produces flowers in shades of bronze, held
D. ‘Mark Hardwick’. Giant-flowered pinkish-mauve flowers. Good for Decorative dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). well above the foliage on strong stems.
exhibition. Z9–11 In summer–fall, bears lavender-pink Good for exhibition. Z9–11
Decorative dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft flowers, with white petal bases. Z9–11
D. ‘Small World’ (illus. p.396). Pompom
(60cm). Compact plant bearing bright, dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
glossy, dark green. Has white flowers in
deep yellow flowers, on strong stems, in summer–fall. Suitable
for exhibition. Z9–11
summer–fall. Good for exhibition. Z9–11 D. ‘So Dainty’ (illus. p.398). Miniature-
D. ‘Mary Richards’. Small-flowered
flowered Semicactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m),
Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). S 2ft (60cm). Produces bronze-colored
flowers in summer–fall that are suitable for
In summer–fall, bears white flowers exhibition. Z9–11
D. ‘Sorbet’. See D. ‘Geerlings Sorbet’.
strongly suffused lavender-pink. Z9–11 D. ‘Swanvale’. Small-flowered
D. ‘Mary’s Jomanda’. Ball dahlia.
Decorative dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
H 20in (50cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears blooms Produces yellow flowers in summer–fall.
Z9–11
with pale pink flower heads, overlaid

DECAISNEA

D. ‘Yellow Hammer’ (illus. p.398). cuttings in summer, cultivars by cuttings D. odora. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and DASYLIRION
Dwarf, Single-flowered dahlia. H 18in only. Susceptible to viruses that cause S 5ft (1.5m). Has ovate, leathery, glossy,
(45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears rich yellow leaf mottling. tAll parts, including the dark green leaves. From midwinter to Bear grass
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer– seed, are highly toxic if ingested, and early spring, produces very fragrant, deep
fall. Z9–11 contact with the sap may irritate skin. purplish-pink-and-white flowers, followed ASPARAGACEAE
D. ‘Yelno Enchanted’. See D. ‘Yelno D. alpina illus. p.333. by spherical, fleshy, red fruit. Z7–9.
Enchantment’. D. arbuscula illus. p.351. ‘Aureomarginata’ illus. p.164. Genus of yuccalike, evergreen shrubs,
D. ‘Yelno Enchantment’, syn. D. ‘Yelno D. bholua. Evergreen, occasionally D. petraea ‘Grandiflora’ illus. p.351. trees and perennial succulents grown for
Enchanted’. Small-flowered Waterlily deciduous, upright shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m), D. retusa. See. D. tangutica Retusa their foliage and flowers. Male and female
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears S 5ft (1.5m). Has leathery, dark green leaves. Group. flowers are produced on separate plants.
pale pink flowers in summer–fall. Good In late winter, bears terminal clusters of D. x rollsdorfii ‘Wilhelm Schacht’. Frost tender. Requires well-drained soil
for cutting. Z9–11 richly fragrant, purplish-pink and white Vigorous, compact, bushy, evergreen and a sunny position. Water freely when
D. ‘Yelno Firelight’. Small-flowered flowers, followed by fleshy, spherical, shrub. H 18in (45cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears in full growth, sparingly at other times.
Waterlily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). blackish-purple fruit. Z7–9. oblong, glossy, dark green leaves and dense Propagate by seed in spring.
In summer–fall, bears red and yellow ‘Jacqueline Postill’ illus. p.143. clusters of strongly fragrant, purple-pink D. texanum. Evergreen, yuccalike
flowers, with a neat petal formation, held D. blagayana illus. p.333. flowers in spring and early summer, later perennial with a 30in (75cm) high trunk.
on strong stems. Z9–11 D. x burkwoodii ‘Somerset’ illus. p.146. flowers being paler. Tolerates dry H over 3ft (1m), S 10ft (3m). Has a rosette
D. ‘Zorro’ (illus. p.398). Giant-flowered ‘Somerset Variegated’ is a conditions. Z6–10 of narrow, drooping, green leaves, each
Decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft semievergreen, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), D. tangutica. Evergreen, bushy shrub 2–3ft (60–90cm) long, with yellowish
(60cm). Produces bright blood-red S 3ft (1m). Bears dense clusters of fragrant, with sturdy shoots. H and S 3ft (1m). prickles along margins. Stems, 15ft (5m)
flowers in summer–fall. Good for white-throated, pink flowers in late spring, Narrowly ovate, leathery leaves are dark long, emerge from center of plant, bearing
exhibition. Z9–11 sometimes again in fall. Narrowly oblong, green. Bears clusters of fragrant, white- dense, narrow panicles of small, bell-
gray-green leaves are edged with creamy- flushed, purple-pink flowers in mid- to late shaped, whitish flowers in summer,
DAIS white or pale yellow. Z4–7 spring, followed by spherical, fleshy, red followed by dry, 3-winged fruits in
D. cneorum illus. p.333. ‘Eximia’ is an fruit. Z7–9. Retusa Group, syn. D. retusa, fall. Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
THYMELAEACEAE evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm), illus. p.146.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen S to 20in (50cm) or more. Has small, ovate, DAVALLIA D
shrubs and trees grown for their flowers leathery, dark green leaves and, in late DAPHNIPHYLLUM
and overall appearance. Frost tender. spring, terminal clusters of fragrant, white DAVALLIACEAE
Requires full sun and well-drained soil. flowers, crimson outside and often pink- DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE
Water containerized plants well when flushed within. Z5–9 Genus of mostly epiphytic ferns, suited to
in growth, less when leafless. Propagate D. collina. Evergreen, domed, compact Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, growing in pots and baskets. Needs
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Ovate, dark grown for their habit and foliage. Male semishade and fibrous, moist, peaty soil.
in summer. green leaves densely cover upright and female flowers are borne on separate Cut off fading fronds regularly. Propagate
D. cotinifolia. Deciduous, bushy, neat branches. Produces terminal clusters of plants. Needs a sheltered site in sun or by division in spring or summer, or by
shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has small, small, fragrant, purple-rose flowers in semishade and deep, fertile, well- drained spores in summer.
ovate to oblong, lustrous leaves. In late spring, followed by fleshy, spherical, soil that is not too dry. Propagate by D. canariensis (Hare’s-foot fern).
summer, bears scented, star-shaped, rose- orange-red fruit. Good for a rock garden semiripe cuttings in summer. Deciduous or semievergreen fern. H and
lilac flowers in flattened clusters, 3in (8cm) or shrubbery. Z7–8 D. himalaense subsp. macropodum. S 1ft (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped, mid-
across. Bark yields fibers strong enough D. genkwa. Deciduous, upright, open See D. macropodum. green fronds, with triangular pinnae,
to be used as thread. Z10–11 shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Ovate, dark green D. macropodum, syn. D. himalaense arise from a scaly, brown rootstock. Z10–
leaves are bronze when young. Produces subsp. macropodum, illus. p.111. 11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
Daiswa. See Paris. large, faintly scented, lilac flowers from D. mariesii (Squirrel’s-foot fern).
mid- to late spring, followed by dry, ovoid, DARMERA Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm).
DANAE grayish-white fruit. Z6–9 Broadly triangular, delicately divided,
D. giraldii. Deciduous, upright shrub. syn. PELTIPHYLLUM leathery, mid-green fronds arise from
ASPARAGACEAE H and S 2ft (60cm). Clusters of fragrant, Umbrella plant a creeping, scaly, brown rootstock. Z9–11
golden-yellow flowers are produced amid
Genus of one species of evergreen, oblong, pale blue-green leaves in late SAXIFRAGACEAE DAVIDIA
shrublike perennial, with inconspicuous spring and early summer, and are followed
flowers, grown for its attractive, flattened, by egg-shaped, red fruits. Z4–8 Genus of one species of perennial, grown NYSSACEAE
leaflike shoots. Grow in sun or shade, and D. x hendersonii ‘Blackthorn Rose’ for its unusual foliage, which emerges
any moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall or illus. p.334. after the star-shaped, white to pink flowers. Genus of one species of deciduous, spring-
by division from fall to spring. D. jasminea illus. p.350. An attractive marginal water plant. Grows and summer-flowering tree, grown for its
D. racemosa (Alexandrian laurel). D. laureola (Spurge laurel). Evergreen, in sun or shade and requires moist soil. habit and showy, white bracts surrounding
Evergreen, arching, dense shrub. H and bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has Propagate by division in spring or by seed insignificant flowers. Needs shelter from
S 3ft (1m). Has slender, green shoots and oblong, dark green leaves. Slightly in fall or spring. strong winds. Requires sun or semishade
lance-shaped, tapering, leaflike, glossy, fragrant, pale green flowers are borne D. peltata (Umbrella plant) illus. p.438. and fertile, well-drained but moist soil.
bright green stems, to 4in (10cm) long. In from late winter to early spring, followed Propagate by semiripe cuttings in spring
early summer, bears terminal racemes of by spherical, black fruits. Z7–8. subsp. DARWINIA or by seed when ripe in fall.
small, greenish-yellow flowers, sometimes philippi illus. p.147. D. involucrata (Dove tree, Ghost tree,
followed by spherical, red berries. Z6–9 D. mezereum (Mezereon; illus. p.142). MYRTACEAE Pocket handkerchief tree) illus. p.60. var.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), vilmoriniana is a deciduous, conical tree.
DAPHNE S 3ft (1m). Very fragrant, purple or pink Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering, H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Produces heart-
blooms clothe the bare stems in late winter heatherlike shrubs, grown for their shaped, almost hairless, glaucous leaves,
THYMELAEACEAE and early spring, followed by spherical, flowers and overall appearance. Frost pale green beneath. Pairs of large white
red fruits. Mature leaves are narrowly tender. Needs full light and moist, bracts, surrounding small fowers, are
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or ovate and dull gray-green. Z5–8. f. alba neutral to acidic soil, not rich in nitrogen. borne on mature trees in late spring.
deciduous shrubs, grown for their usually bears very fragrant, white or creamy- Water moderately when in full growth, Z6–8
fragrant, tubular flowers, each with 4 white flowers and spherical, yellow fruits. sparingly at other times. Propagate by
spreading lobes, and, in some species, D. x napolitana, syn. D. neapolitana. seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings DECAISNEA 561
for their foliage or fruits (seeds are Compact, densely branched, evergreen in late summer. Difficult to root and to
poisonous). Dwarf species and cultivars shrub. H and S 30in (75cm). Clusters of grow under glass. LARDIZABALACEAE
are good for rock gardens. Most need full fragrant, rose-pink flowers are borne in D. citriodora. Evergreen, rounded,
sun (although D. alpina, D. arbuscula and spring, and again in flushes from summer well-branched shrub. H and S 2–4ft Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
D. blagayana may be grown in semishade to fall. Leaves are inversely lance-shaped (60cm–1.2m). Oblong to broadly lance- shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers
and D. laureola tolerates deep shade) and to narrowly ovate and glossy dark green, shaped, blue-green leaves are lemon- and sausage-shaped fruits. Requires a
fertile, well-drained but not over-dry soil. grayish-green beneath. Z7–9 scented when bruised. In spring, sheltered, sunny situation and fertile soil
Resents being transplanted. Propagate D. neapolitana. See D. x napolitana. produces pendent, terminal heads of that is not too dry. Propagate by seed
species by seed when fresh or by semiripe usually 4 small, tubular, yellow or red in fall.
flowers, each surrounded by 2 red or D. fargesii (illus. p.142). Deciduous,
yellowish bracts. Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) semiarching, open shrub. H and S 20ft (6m).

DECAISNEA

Has blue-bloomed shoots and large, deep cause severe discomfort if ingested, and D. brunonianum. Upright herbaceous Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H to
green leaves of paired leaflets. Racemes of contact with foliage may irritate skin. perennial. H and S to 8in (20cm). Hairy 5ft (1.5m). In early to midsummer, bears
greenish flowers in early summer are See also feature panel p.217. stems bear rounded, 3- or 5-lobed leaves. spikes of semidouble, deep and pale rose-
followed by pendent, sausage-shaped, In early summer, flower stems each bear a pink flowers, with white eyes. Z6–10
bluish fruits. Z7–9 For ease of reference, delphinium spike, to 6in (15cm) long, of hooded, single, D. ‘Elizabeth Cook’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
cultivars have been grouped as follows: pale blue to purple flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) Group herbaceous perennial. H 5–5½ft
DECUMARIA across, with short, black spurs. Good for (1.5–1.7m), S 1½ft (45cm). In midsummer,
Belladonna Group. Upright, branched a rock garden. Z3–7 bears white flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, in
HYDRANGEACEAE perennials with palmately lobed leaves. D. ‘Butterball’. Elatum Group spires that gradually taper toward the tips.
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S to 18in (45cm). Wiry herbaceous perennial. H 5–51⁄2ft (1.5–1.7m). Z3–7
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody- stems bear loose, branched spikes, 1ft In midsummer, bears cream-eyed, white D. ‘Emily Hawkins’. Elatum Group
stemmed, root climbers. Prefers sun and (30cm) long, of elf cap-shaped, single flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, overlaid with herbaceous perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m).
loamy, well-drained soil that does not dry flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) or more across, with very pale greenish-yellow, in spikes to 20in Semidouble, purple-mauve flowers, to
out. Prune, if necessary, after flowering. spurs up to 11⁄4in (3cm) long, in early and (50cm) long. Z3–7 21⁄2in (6cm) across, with light yellowish-
Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer late summer. D. ‘Can-can’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group brown eyes are borne in midsummer
or early fall. Elatum Group. Erect perennials with herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In in spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–7
D. barbara. Deciduous climber. H to 30ft large, palmate leaves. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), midsummer, bears spikes, to 30in (75cm) D. ‘Fanfare’. Elatum Group herbaceous
(10m). Has ovate to ovate-oblong, glossy, S 24–36in (60–90cm). In summer, produce long, of fully double flowers, to 31⁄2in (9cm) perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m). In midsummer,
dark green leaves. In summer, produces closely packed spikes, 16in–4ft (40cm–1.2m) across, the outer sepals margined dark bears spikes, 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm) long, of
rounded, terminal clusters, 5⁄8in (1.5cm) long, of regularly spaced, semidouble, blue, the inner sepals purple-mauve with pale blue to silvery-mauve flowers, 21⁄2–3in
across, of small, white flowers each with rarely fully double flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) darker veining. Z3–7 (6–7cm) across, with white-and-violet
a central “brush” of white or creamy- across, in a range of colors from white to D. cardinale. Short-lived, upright eyes. Z3–7
white stamens. Z6–9 blue and purple, sometimes red-pink, herbaceous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 2ft D. ‘Faust’. Elatum Group herbaceous
D. sinensis illus. p.192. usually with contrasting eyes. (60cm). In summer, bears spikes, 12–18in perennial. H to 6ft (1.8m). In summer,
Pacific Hybrids. Similar to Elatum (30–45cm) long, of single, scarlet flowers, bears semidouble, deep cornflower-blue
DEINANTHE Group cultivars, but grown as annuals or 11⁄2in (4cm) across, with yellow eyes, above flowers, overlaid with purple, and with
biennials. They produce spikes of short- palmate, finely divided leaves. Z3–7 indigo eyes, to 3in (8cm) across, in spikes
HYDRANGEACEAE lived, large, semidouble flowers in early D. ‘Centurion Sky Blue’. Elatum Group to 3ft (1m) long. Z610
and mid-summer. herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m). In D. ‘Fenella’. Elatum Group herbaceous
Genus of slow-growing perennials with University Hybrids. Erect, branched summer, bears semidouble, sky-blue perennial. H 3–51⁄2ft (1–1.6m). In
creeping, underground rootstocks. Useful herbaceous perennials with palmately flowers, 21⁄2in (6cm) across, with white midsummer, bears spikes, to 3ft (1m) long,
for rock gardens and peat beds. Needs lobed, mid-green leaves. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), eyes, in spikes to 2ft (60cm) long. Z3–7 of purple-flushed, gentian-blue blooms,
shaded, moist soil. Propagate by division S to 18in (45cm). In summer, stems bear D. ‘Chelsea Star’. Elatum Group 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, with black eyes.
in spring or by seed when fresh. loose, branched spikes of large, semi- herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). Bears Z3–7
D. bifida illus. p.264. double or double flowers in a range of rich deep violet flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) D. ‘Foxhill Nina’. Elatum Group
D. caerulea. Slow-growing, mound- colors in shades of red, orange or pink. across, with white eyes, in spikes to 31⁄2ft herbaceous perennial. H 4ft (1.2m). In
forming perennial. H 8in (20cm), S to 6in Plants need careful cultivation to succeed. (1.1m) long, in midsummer. Z3–7 midsummer, bears spikes, to 2ft (60cm)
(15cm). Stems, each bearing a cluster of D. ‘Cherub’. Elatum Group herbaceous long, of semidouble, white-eyed, pale pink
nodding, bowl-shaped, pale violet-blue D. ‘Alice Artindale’ (illus. p.217). Elatum perennial. H 7ft (2.2m). In midsummer, flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across. Z3–7
flowers, rise above 3–4 ovate, toothed Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). bears branching spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, D. ‘Galileo’. Elatum Group herbaceous
Produces neat, buttonlike, fully double, of long-stalked, semidouble, mauve-pink perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In early and mid-
D leaves in summer. Z5–9 bicolor, rosy-mauve and sky-blue flowers, flowers, with white eyes. Z3–7 summer, bears tapering spikes, to 32in
Delairea odorata. See Senecio to 11⁄4in (3cm) across, in narrow spikes, D. chinense. See D. grandiflorum. (80cm) long, of semidouble, violet-blue
mikanioides. 20–24in (50–60cm) or more long, in early D. ‘Claire’. Elatum Group herbaceous flowers, 3in (7cm) across, paling slightly
to midsummer. Z3–7 perennial. H 41⁄2ft (1.4m). In midsummer, toward the center, with brownish-black
DELOSPERMA D. ‘Ann Woodfield’. Elatum Group semidouble, pale mauve-pink flowers, eyes. Z3–7
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Bears to 2in (5cm) across, with cream to pale D. ‘Gemini’. Elatum Group herbaceous
AIZOACEAE semidouble, pale blue flowers, to 4in brown eyes, are borne in spikes to 22in perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In midsummer,
(10cm) across, suffused pale mauve, in (55cm) long. Z3–8 bears spikes, to 34in (85cm) long, of
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m) long, in D. ‘Clifford Sky’. Elatum Group semidouble, pale violet flowers, to 3in
succulent shrubs and mat-forming, midsummer. Z3–8 herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In (7.5cm) across, edged reddish-violet with
succulent perennials. Frost tender. D. ‘Atlantis’. Vigorous, Belladonna midsummer, bears semidouble, white- dark black-brown eyes, and white near the
Requires full sun and very well-drained Group herbaceous perennial. H 4½ft (1.4m), eyed, sky-blue flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) center. Z3–7
soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings S 20in (50cm). Produces spikes of mauve- across, in spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 D. ‘Gemma’. Elatum Group herbaceous
in spring or summer. flushed, deep blue flowers, 1¼in (3cm) D. ‘Cliveden Beauty’ (illus. p.217). perennial. H 6ft (2m). Semidouble, pale
D. cooperi (Ice plant). Spreading, mat- across, in midsummer. Has dark green Belladonna Group herbaceous perennial. lavender flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across,
forming, perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), leaves. Z3–8 H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). In early to midsummer, with white eyes, are borne in midsummer
S indefinite. Has cylindrical, fleshy, light D. ‘Blue Dawn’. Elatum Group bears spikes, 1ft (30cm) long, of sky-blue in spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8
green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, and, in mid- herbaceous perennial. H 8ft (2.4m). In flowers, 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) across. Z3–7 D. ‘Gillian Dallas’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
to late summer, solitary, daisylike, magenta midsummer, bears spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) D. consolida. See Consolida ajacis. Group herbaceous perennial. H 61⁄2ft (2.1m).
flowers. Z8–10 long, of pale blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) D. ‘Conspicuous’. Elatum Group In midsummer, bears spikes, to 3ft (90cm)
across, with dark brown eyes. Z3–7 herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In long, of blue-violet flowers, to 3in (8cm)
562 DELPHINIUM D. Blue Fountains Group. Short-lived, midsummer, produces semidouble, pale across, with white eyes and violet flecks. Z3–7
Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 5ft mauve and blue flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) D. ‘Giotto’. Elatum Group herbaceous
RANUNCULACEAE (1.5m). In early to midsummer, has variable, across, with prominent dark eyes, in perennial. H 51⁄2–6ft (1.7–2m). In midsummer,
white-eyed, mid-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) dense spikes, to 2ft (60cm) long. Z3–7 bears spikes, to 32in (80cm) long, of
Genus of perennials, biennials, and annuals, across, in spikes 2–3ft (70–100cm) long. Z3–8 D. ‘Crown Jewel’. Elatum Group semidouble flowers, to 3in (7.5cm)
grown for their spikes of irregularly cup- D. ‘Blue Lagoon’. See D. ‘Langdon’s herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In across, with deep purple inner sepals,
shaped, sometimes hooded, spurred Blue Lagoon’. summer, produces spikes, to 34in (85cm) dark blue outer sepals, and light yellow-
flowers. Needs an open, sunny position D. ‘Blue Nile’. Elatum Group herbaceous long, of semidouble, pale blue and mauve brown eyes. Z3–8
and fertile or rich, well-drained soil. Tall perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). In midsummer, flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, with deep D. ‘Gordon Forsyth’. Elatum Group
cultivars need staking and ample feeding has rich blue flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–7cm) brown eyes. Z3–8 herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In
and watering in spring and early summer. across, with lightly blue-streaked, white D. ‘Dunsden Green’. Elatum Group midsummer, produces spikes, 24–28in
In spring, remove thin growths from well- eyes, in spikes to 34in (85cm) long. Z3–8 herbaceous perennial. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m). (60–70cm) long, of semidouble, amethyst-
established plants, leaving 5–7 strong D. ‘Bruce’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group Spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, of semidouble, purple blooms, 21⁄2–3in (6–7cm) across,
shoots. If flower spikes are removed after herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2–7ft (1.7–2.2m). lime-green-suffused, white flowers, to 2in with violet-flecked, black eyes. Z3–7
they fade, a second flush may be produced In midsummer, bears spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) (5cm) across, with small, green eyes, are D. grandiflorum, syn. D. chinense.
in late summer, provided plants are fed long, of deep violet-purple flowers, to 3in produced in midsummer. Z3–8 ‘Blue Butterfly’ (illus. p.217), H 11⁄2ft
and watered well. Propagate species by (8cm) across, silver-flushed toward D. elatum ‘Sweethearts’. Sturdy, (45cm), S 1ft (30cm), is a short-lived, erect
seed in fall or spring; Belladonna Group centers, and with dark brown eyes. Z3–7
cultivars by division or basal cuttings of
young shoots in spring; Elatum Group
cultivars by cuttings only. tAll parts may

DESMODIUM

herbaceous perennial, usually grown as H 6–8ft (2–2.5m). In midsummer, bears D. ‘Tiger Eye’. Elatum Group H 4in (10cm). Pendent sprays of fragrant,
an annual. Has palmate, divided leaves. spikes, to 3ft (1m) long, of off-white herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m). star-shaped, orange-lipped, creamy-
In summer, produces loose, branching flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, sometimes In midsummer, bears spikes, 24–28in (60– white flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) long, are
spikes, to 6in (15cm) long, of single, deep faintly flushed pink and with fawn eyes. 70cm) long, of semidouble, light violet produced in fall. Narrowly ovate leaves are
blue flowers, 11⁄2in (3.5cm) across. Useful Z3–7 flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, with 6in (15cm) long. Requires semishade in
as a bedding plant. Z3–8 D. ‘Our Deb’. Elatum Group herbaceous yellow-edged, brown eyes. Z3–7 summer. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C, max.
D. ‘Jill Curley’. Vigorous Elatum Group perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). Semidouble D. ‘Walton Gemstone’. Elatum Group 86°F/30°C)
herbaceous perennial. H to 6½ft (2.1m). flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, are silver-gray, herbaceous perennial. H to 6ft (2m).
Bears branching spikes, to 32in (80cm) lightly flushed red-purple, In midsummer, bears blunt-tipped, DENDROMECON
long, of semidouble, white flowers, to 3in with light brown eyes, and are borne in branching spikes, to 34in (85cm) long, of
(8cm) across, with creamy-white eyes, in tapering, branching spikes, to 3ft (90cm) closely spaced, long-stalked, semidouble, PAPAVERACEAE
midsummer. Z6–10 long, in midsummer. Z6–10 pale grayish violet flowers, 2½–3in (6–7cm)
D. ‘Kennington Classic’. Elatum Group D. ‘Pink Ruffles’. Elatum Group across, with white eyes. Z6–10 Genus of evergreen shrubs and small
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In trees, grown for their foliage and showy
midsummer, bears spikes, to 3ft (90cm) midsummer, bears spikes, to 32in (80cm) Dendrathema. See Chrysanthemum. flowers. Plant against a sunny wall in cold
long, of semidouble, rich cream flowers, long, of fully double, shell-pink flowers, Dendrobenthamia capitata. See areas. Requires a position in full sun and
to 3in (8cm) across, with well-formed, to 3in (7.5cm) across. Z3–8 very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
yellow eyes. Z3–7 D. ‘Red Caroline’ (illus. p.217). Cornus capitata. in fall or spring, by softwood cuttings in
D. ‘Kestrel’ illus. p.218. University Hybrids herbaceous perennial. summer, or by root cuttings in winter.
D. ‘Langdon’s Blue Lagoon’, syn. D. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has large, palmate, DENDROBIUM D. rigida illus. p.206.
‘Blue Lagoon’. Elatum Group herbaceous soft green, basal leaves and bears spikes of
perennial. H 6ft (2m). In midsummer, bears flattish, bright red flowers in summer. Z3–7 ORCHIDACEAE Dentaria digitata. See Cardamine
tapering spikes, to 3ft (90cm) long, of D. ‘Rosemary Brock’. Elatum Group pentaphylla.
semidouble, pale to mid-blue flowers, to herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m). See also ORCHIDS.
3in (7cm) across, paler toward the center, In early to midsummer, bears spikes, D. aphyllum, syn. D. pierardii. Dentaria enneaphylla. See
with blue-specked, white eyes. Z3–7 30in (75cm) long, of semidouble, dusky Deciduous, epiphytic orchid for an Cardamine enneaphylla.
D. ‘Langdon’s Royal Flush’ (illus. purple-pink flowers with dark brown intermediate greenhouse. H to 2ft (60cm).
p.217). Elatum Group herbaceous eyes. Z6–10 In early spring, produces pairs of soft pink Dentaria pentaphylla. See Cardamine
perennial. H 6ft (2m). In midsummer, bears D. x ruysii ‘Pink Sensation’ (Elatum flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) across, each with a pentaphylla.
spikes, to 34in (85cm) long, of semidouble, Group delphinium and D. nudicale). large, cream lip. Has ovate leaves, 2–3in
magenta-pink flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) University Hybrids herbaceous perennial. (5–8cm) long. Needs semishade in DESCHAMPSIA D
across; upper petals are a darker shade H 32–39in (80–100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has summer. Best grown hanging from
than lower ones. Z3–7 palmate, mid-green, basal leaves. In early a bark slab. Z12–15 POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
D. ‘Loch Leven’ (illus. p.217). Elatum summer, produces slender, loose-branched D. chrysotoxum. Deciduous, epiphytic
Group herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft spikes of cup-shaped, slightly mauve- orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
(1.5m). Bears spikes, 3ft (1m) long, of tinged, salmon-pink flowers. Z3–7 H 2ft (60cm). Trusses of cup-shaped, and SEDGES.
semidouble, mid-blue flowers, to 3in D. ‘Sandpiper’ (illus. p.217). Elatum deep yellow flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) across, D. cespitosa (Tufted hair grass).
(7.5cm) across, with white eyes, in early Group herbaceous perennial. H 3–4ft and with hairy, red-marked lips, are Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
to midsummer. Z3–7 (1–1.5m). In midsummer, bears spikes to produced in spring. Leaves are ovate H to 3ft (1m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has
D. ‘Lord Butler’. Elatum Group 21⁄2ft (75cm) long, of semidouble, white and 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Provide good narrow, rough-edged, dark green leaves.
herbaceous perennial. H 5–51⁄2ft (1.5–1.7m). flowers, to 21⁄2in (6cm) across, with dark light in summer. Z14–15 In summer, produces dainty, open panicles
Produces spikes, to 30in (75cm) long, of creamy-brown eyes. Z3–7 D. infundibulum (illus. p.466). Evergreen, of tiny, pale brown spikelets that last well
semidouble, mid-blue flowers, to 3in D. ‘Spindrift’ (illus. p.217). Elatum epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. into winter. Tolerates sun or shade.
(7.5cm) across, lightly flushed with pale Group herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2–6ft H 1ft (30cm). In spring, stems each produce Z4–8.
lilac and with blue-marked, white eyes. Z3–7 (1.7–2m). In early and mid-summer, bears up to 6 pure white flowers, 3in (8cm) ‘Golden Veil’ see D.c. ‘Goldschleier’.
D. ‘Lucia Sahin’ (illus. p.217). Elatum spikes, to 3ft (1m) long, of semidouble, across, and each with a yellow-marked lip. ‘Goldschleier’ (syn. D.c. ‘Golden Veil’),
Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). pinkish-purple flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) Has ovate leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm), has dark green
In midsummer, bears spikes to 3ft (90cm) across, overlaid with pale blue and with Grow in semishade in summer. Z11–12 leaves and produces spikelets that age to
long, of semidouble, deep purple-pink creamy-white eyes; toward the centers, D. Momozono gx ‘Princess’. bright silvery yellow.  ‘Goldtau’ illus.
flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, with dark the pinkish-purple pales and the blue Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an p.289.
brown eyes. Z3–7 darkens. Flower color varies according intermediate greenhouse. H 2ft (60cm), D. flexuosa ‘Tatra Gold’ (Wavy hair
D. ‘Margaret’. Elatum Group herbaceous to soil type; on acidic soil, flowers are S 1ft (30cm). In spring, produces pairs of grass). Evergreen, tuft-forming perennial
perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m). In summer, greenish. Z3–7 dark pink flowers, 3in (7cm) across, fading grass. H 20in (50cm), S 1ft (30cm). Leaves
produces spikes, to 26in (65cm) long, of D. ‘Strawberry Fair’. Elatum Group to white in the centers, and with white are threadlike, smooth, and bright yellow-
semidouble, bright purplish-blue flowers, herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m). Bears and pink marks on the lips. Oblong leaves green. Bronze-tinted inflorescences are
2½in (6cm) across, with white eyes, spikes, to 31in (78cm) long, of semidouble, are 4in (10cm) long. Requires semishade produced on wavy stalks in early and mid-
sometimes striped purplish-blue. Z6–10 white-eyed, mulberry-pink flowers, 2–3in in summer. Z13–15 summer. Prefers acidic soil. Z5–9
D. ‘Michael Ayres’ (illus. p.217). Elatum (5–7cm) across, in midsummer. Z3–7 D. nobile (illus. p.466). Deciduous,
Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). D. ‘Sungleam’ illus. p.219. epiphytic orchid (often evergreen in DESFONTAINIA
In early and mid-summer, bears spikes, to D. ‘Sunkissed’. Elatum Group cultivation) for a cool greenhouse.
32in (80cm) long, of semidouble, deep herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m). In H 1ft (30cm). Trusses of delicate, rose- LOGANIACEAE/DESFONTAINIACEAE
purple-blue flowers, to 21⁄2in (6cm) across, midsummer, bears spikes, to 32in (80cm) pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across and each
with black-brown eyes. Z3–7 long, of semidouble, cream flowers, to with a prominent maroon lip, are borne in Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
D. ‘Mighty Atom’. Elatum Group 23⁄4in (6.5cm) across, with canary-yellow spring. Ovate leaves are 2–3in (5–8cm) grown for its hollylike leaves and showy,
herbaceous perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). In eyes. Z3–8 long. Requires semishade in summer. tubular flowers. Provide shelter in cold
midsummer, bears spikes, to 21⁄2ft (75cm) D. tatsienense. Short-lived, upright Z11–12 areas. Needs shade, particularly in dry
long, of semidouble, mid-violet flowers, herbaceous perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 2–4in D. ‘Oriental Paradise’. Evergreen, areas, and moist, peaty, preferably acidic
to 21⁄2in (6cm) across, with violet-marked, (5–10cm). In summer, bears loose spikes, epiphytic orchid. H 2ft (60cm). White soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
yellowish-brown eyes. Z3–7 6in (15cm) long, of single, small-spurred, flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with dark pink summer.
D. ‘Min’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group bright blue flowers, 1in (25cm) long. notches on the petals and yellow marks D. spinosa illus. p.203.
herbaceous perennial. H 51⁄2–6ft (1.6–2m). Leaves are rounded to ovate and deeply on the lips, are borne in pairs in spring.
In midsummer, bears tapering spikes, to cut. Suits a rock garden. Requires gritty Oblong leaves are 4in (10cm) long. DESMODIUM 563
3ft (1m) long, of semidouble, pale lavender soil. Z3–7 Requires semishade in summer. Z12–15
flowers, to 33⁄4in (9.5cm) across, with deep D. ‘Tiddles’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. pierardii. See D. aphyllum. PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
lavender suffusions and veining, as well perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In midsummer,
as dark brown eyes. Z3–7 bears spikes, to 3ft (90cm) long, of DENDROCHILUM Genus of mostly deciduous shrubs,
D. nudicaule illus. p.340. semidouble to almost double, grayish- subshrubs and perennials grown for
D. ‘Olive Poppleton’ (illus. p.217). violet flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, with ORCHIDACEAE their small, pealike, white to purple
Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. brown eyes. Z3–8 flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
See also ORCHIDS. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
D. glumaceum (Silver chain). Evergreen, late spring, by seed in fall, or by division
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. in spring.
D. elegans, syn. D. tiliifolium, illus. p.154.
D. tiliifolium. See D. elegans.

DEUTZIA

DEUTZIA In summer, has panicles of small, star- across. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 9–12in (23– D. ‘Brilliant Star’ (illus. p.266). Modern
shaped, blue flowers, above grasslike 30cm) or more. pink. Produces many fragrant, semidouble,
HYDRANGEACEAE leaves, followed by blue berries. Z9–10. Old-fashioned pinks have a low, glistening white flowers, with rich velvet-
Cassa Blue (‘Dbb03’) illus. p.283. spreading habit and produce abundant red centers, over mounded foliage. Z5–9
Genus of mainly deciduous shrubs, grown D. tasmanica illus. p.239. flowers in one flowering period in mid- D. ‘Brympton Red’. Old-fashioned pink.
for their profuse, often fragrant, 5-petaled summer. Mule types (a border carnation Flowers are single, bright crimson with
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- DIANTHUS crossed with a Sweet William) and laced deeper shading. Z5–9
drained soil. Thin out old shoots after types (in which the central color extends D. caesius. See D. gratianopolitanus.
flowering. Propagate by softwood cuttings Carnation, Pink as a loop around each petal) are available. D. ‘Carmine Letitia Wyatt’. Modern
in summer. Modern pinks, obtained by crossing pink. Produces double, slightly fragrant,
D. crenata ‘Pride of Rochester’. CARYOPHYLLACEAE an old-fashioned pink with a perpetual- salmon-pink flowers. Z5–9
Deciduous, upright shrub with arching flowering carnation, are more vigorous D. carthusianorum illus. p.339.
shoots. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). In early and Genus of summer-flowering, evergreen than old-fashioned pinks, and are repeat- D. ‘Charles Musgrave’. See D.
mid-summer, bears dense clusters of subshrubs and perennials, annuals and flowering with two or three main flushes ‘Musgrave’s Pink’.
double, pink-tinged white flowers. Has biennials, grown for their abundant of flowers in summer. D. ‘Cheryl’. See D. ‘Houndspool Cheryl’.
peeling, pale brown bark when mature, flowers, often scented, some of which are Alpine pinks are evergreen species and D. chinensis (Indian pink). Slow-
and broadly ovate, rough-surfaced, dark excellent for cutting. Carnations and pinks cultivars forming neat mat or cushion growing, bushy annual. H and S 6–12in
green leaves. Z6–10 (see below) are good for cut flowers and plants. They will grow at the edge of a (15–30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are pale
D. x elegantissima ‘Rosealind’ border decoration, the biennial D. barbatus border or in a rock garden, trough or or mid-green. Tubular, single or double
illus. p.153. (Sweet William) is suitable for bedding, alpine house. In early summer, they bear flowers, 1in (25cm) or more across, and
D. gracilis illus. p.145. and smaller, tuft-forming species and single, semidouble or double, often with open, spreading petals, in shades
D. x hybrida ‘Joconde’. Deciduous, cultivars suit rock gardens. Needs an open, scented flowers. Foliage is gray-green. of pink, red or white, are produced in
bushy, upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft sunny position and well-drained, slightly H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 8in (20cm). summer and early fall. Z9–11. Baby Doll
(1.2m). Produces, large, 5-petaled, white alkaline soil, except for D. pavonius, which Series illus. p.305. ‘Fire Carpet’ illus.
flowers, striped purple outside, and with prefers acidic soil. Deadheading of repeat- D. ‘A.J. MacSelf’. See D. ‘Dad’s p.307. Heddewigii Group, H 1ft (30cm),
yellow anthers, in early summer. Ovate, flowering types is beneficial. Tall forms of Favourite’. has flowers in mixed colors.
mid-green leaves have long points. Z6–8. carnations and pinks have a loose habit D. ‘Albisola’. Perpetual-flowering D. ‘Clara’. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
‘Mont Rose’ illus. p.152.  ‘Strawberry and need staking. Propagate border carnation. Fully double flowers are clear Fully double flowers are yellow with
Fields’ is spreading, carnations by layering in late summer, tangerine-orange. Z5–9 salmon flecks. Z5–9
with distinctive, pale yellowish-green other named forms by softwood cuttings D. ‘Aldridge Yellow’. Border carnation. D. ‘Claret Joy’. Modern pink. Produces
leaves. Flowers are deep purplish-pink in early to midsummer, and species by Semidouble flowers are clear yellow. Z5–9 double, crimson flowers. Z5–9
outside, with narrow white margins, and seed at any time. Prone to rust, red spider D. ‘Alice’. Modern pink. Has clove- D. ‘Constance Finnis’. See D. ‘Fair Folly’.
slightly paler within, fading with age. mite and virus infection through aphids, scented, semidouble, ivory-white flowers, D. ‘Cranmere Pool’ (illus. p.266).
D. longifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub. but many cultivars are available from each with a bold, crimson eye. Z5–9 Modern pink. Double, pink-tinted, white
H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Large clusters of virus-free stock. D. alpinus (Alpine pink) illus. flowers have crimson centers and a
5-petaled, deep pink flowers are produced p.364.  ‘Joan’s Blood’ illus. p.364. light fragrance. Z4–8
from early to midsummer. Narrowly lance- Carnations and pinks have narrowly D. ‘Ann Franklin’. Perpetual-flowering D. ‘Crompton Princess’ (illus. p.266).
shaped leaves are gray-green. Z7–8. lance-shaped, silvery- or gray-green carnation. Produces pale yellow flowers Perpetual-flowering carnation. Flowers
leaves, scattered up flower stems, which margined and flecked with deep purplish- are white. Z5–9
D ‘Veitchii’ illus. p.133. may coil outward on carnations. They red. Z8–11 D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’, syn. D. ‘A.J.
D. monbeigii illus. p.149. are divided into the following groups, all D. armeria (Deptford pink). Evergreen, MacSelf’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned pink.
D. pulchra. Vigorous, deciduous, upright with self-colored and bicolored cultivars. tuft-forming perennial, sometimes grown Bears scented, semidouble, white flowers
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling, See also feature panel pp.266–267. as an annual. H 1ft (30cm), S 18in (45cm). with chocolate-brown lacing. Z5–9
orange-brown bark and lance-shaped, dark Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark green D. ‘Dainty Dame’ (illus. p.266). Modern
green leaves. Bears slender, pendulous Carnations leaves. In summer, tall stems bear small, pink. Has highly fragrant, single, white
panicles of 5-petaled, pink-tinged, white Border carnations are annuals or 5-petaled, cerise-pink flowers in bunches. flowers with maroon centers and fringed
flowers in late spring and early summer. Z7–8 evergreen perennials that flower prolifically Good for a rock garden or bank. Z3–9 petal edges. Z6–10
D. x rosea illus. p.146. once in midsummer and are good for D. x arvernensis (Auvergne pink). Alpine D. deltoides (Maiden pink). Evergreen,
D. scabra illus. p.127.  ‘Candidissima’ is border decoration and cutting. Each stem pink. Single, pink flowers are produced on mat-forming, basal-tufted perennial. H 6in
a deciduous, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), bears 5 or more, often scented, semidouble short stalks in late spring and early summer. (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). In summer, small,
S 6ft (2m). Has arching shoots, and peeling or double flowers, to 3in (8cm) across; Z5–9 5-petaled, white, pink or cerise flowers
pale brown bark when mature. Produces picotee forms (with petals outlined in a D. barbatus (Sweet William). Bushy, are borne singly above tiny, lance-shaped
narrowly ovate, dark green leaves. From darker color) are available. H 21⁄2–31⁄2ft short-lived perennial, grown as a biennial. leaves. Good for a rock garden or bank.
early to midsummer, bears dense, upright (75cm–1.1m), S to 1ft (30cm). H to 28in (70cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Has light Trim back after flowering. Z3–10.
clusters of fragrant, double, white flowers. Perpetual-flowering carnations are to mid-green leaves, sometimes deep ‘Flashing Light’ see D.d. ‘Leuchtfunk’.
‘Flore Pleno’ see D.s. ‘Plena’. ‘Plena’ evergreen perennials that flower year- bronze-green. In late spring and early ‘Leuchtfunk’ (syn. D.d. ‘Flashing Light’)
(syn. D.s. ‘Flore Pleno’) produces double, round if grown in a greenhouse, but more summer, bears dense clusters of small, illus. p.365.
white flowers, purplish-pink outside. prolifically in summer. They are normally single, sweet-scented, purple-red, pink, D. ‘Denis’. Modern pink. Strongly clove-
Z6–8 grown for cut flowers: flower stems should salmon-pink or white flowers, sometimes scented, fully double, magenta flowers. Z5–9
D. setchuenensis var. corymbiflora. be disbudded, leaving one terminal bud per bicolored, each petal bearded with paler D. ‘Devon Dove’ (illus. p.266). Modern
Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling, stem. Fully double flowers, to 4in (10cm) color at the base. Z3–9.  Nigrescens pink. Prolific, medium to tall and long-
pale brown bark when mature. H 6ft (2m), across, are usually unscented and are Group cultivars, H 12–15in (30–38cm), flowering. Produces well-scented, double,
S 5ft (1.5m). Small, 5-petaled, white flowers often flecked or streaked. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), have dark crimson flowers. pure white flowers with lacy tips. Z5–9
are borne in broad clusters in early and S 1ft (30cm) or more. Spray forms are not D. ‘Becky Robinson’ (illus. p.266). D. ‘Devon Flavia’ (illus. p.266). Modern
mid-summer. Has lance-shaped, long- disbudded, so have 5 or more flowers per Modern pink. Has strongly clove-scented, pink with compact growth. Highly scented,
pointed, gray-green leaves. Z6–8 stem, each 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across. H 2–3ft double, rose-pink flowers laced and double, bright sugar-pink flowers have
(60cm–1m), S to 1ft (30cm). flecked with crimson. Z5–9 lacy tips and richer pink centers. Repeat
564 DIANELLA Malmaison carnations are evergreen  D. ‘Betty Morton’. Modern pink. flowers. Tolerates extreme weather. Z5–9
perennials, derived from D. ‘Souvenir de la Has single, fragrant, deep pink flowers D.‘Devon Wizard’ (illus. p.267). Modern
Flax lily Malmaison’. Grown under glass, they bear with maroon eyes. Z5–9 pink. Prolific, medium to tall and long-
large, double, scented flowers sporadically D. ‘Bombardier’. Evergreen, tuft-forming flowering. Bears vibrant, highly scented,
HEMEROCALLIDACEAE during the year. Flowers can reach up to perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has a basal double, cerise-purple flowers with deep
5in (13cm) across, are mostly self-colored, tuft of linear, gray-green leaves and, in red centers. Z5–9
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering and tend to split their calyces. H 20–28in summer, small, double, scarlet flowers. D. ‘Devon Xera’, syn. D. Fire Star.
perennials. Grow outdoors in mild-winter (50–70cm), S 16in (40cm). Good for a rock garden. Z5–9 Modern pink. Has fragrant, fiery crimson
regions and in a cold greenhouse or frame D. ‘Bovey Belle’ (illus. p.267). Modern flowers with darker crimson eyes. Z5–9
elsewhere. Needs sun and well-drained, Pinks pink. Bears clove-scented, fully double, D. ‘Diane’. Modern pink. Produces
neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by division Evergreen, clump-forming perennials, bright purple flowers that are excellent clove-scented, double, deep salmon-pink
or seed in spring. good for borders and for cutting, that in for cutting. Z5–9 flowers. Z5–9
D. caerulea. Evergreen, tuft-forming summer produce a succession of basal
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm). shoots, each bearing 4–6 fragrant, single
to fully double flowers, 11⁄2–2in (3.5–6cm)

DICENTRA

D. ‘Doris’ (illus. p.266). Modern pink. D. ‘Inshriach Dazzler’. Alpine pink. and margined rich pink; petal edges are D. ‘Whatfield Magenta’. Alpine
Has compact growth and an abundance Produces solitary, short-stemmed, single, fringed. Z5–9 pink. Produces fragrant, single, brilliant
of fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers, deep carmine-red flowers with fringed D. PaSSion (‘WpPassion’) (illus. p.267). magenta flowers with paler throats. Has
each with a salmon-red ring toward base petals. Z5–9 Modern pink. Has compact growth and deep blue leaves. Z3–8
of flower. Good for cutting. Z5–9 D. ‘Joy’. Modern pink. Bears semidouble, bears highly scented, rounded, double, D. ‘White Joy’. Modern pink. Has
D. ‘Duchess of Westminster’ (illus. pink flowers that are strongly scented and bright red flowers over a very long season. semidouble, white flowers. Petals are
p.266). Vigorous Malmaison carnation. good for cutting. Z5–9 Tolerates extreme weather conditions. Z5–9 flushed with light coral pink at the base.
Bears salmon-pink flowers with more D. ‘Kesteven Kirkstead’. Modern pink. D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363. Compact habit. Z5–9
robust calyces than most Malmaison Bears clove-scented, single, white flowers D. Pierrot (‘Kobusa’). Perpetual- D. ‘White Ladies’ (illus. p.266). Old-
carnations. Z5–9 with fringed petals and maroon eyes that flowering carnation. Bears fully double, fashioned pink. Bears very fragrant, fully
D. ‘Emile Paré’. Old-fashioned, mule age to purple. Z5–9 light rose-lavender flowers, with purple- double, white flowers with greenish
pink. Has clusters of semidouble, salmon- D. ‘Kobusa’. See D. Pierrot. edged petals. Z6–10 centers. Z5–9
pink flowers and, unusually for a pink, D. ‘La Bourbille’. See D. ‘La D. ‘Pike’s Pink’ illus. p.364. D. ‘Widecombe Fair’. Modern pink.
mid-green foliage. Z5–9 Bourboule’.  D. ‘La Bourboule’, syn. D. D. ‘Pink Jewel’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink. Semidouble flowers, borne on strong
D. ‘Evening Star’ (illus. p.266). Modern ‘La Bourbille’, illus. p.365. Has strongly scented, semidouble, pink stems, are of unusual coloring—peach-
pink. Has abundant, single or semidouble, D. ‘La Bourboule Alba’. Alpine pink. flowers. Z5–9 apricot, opening to blush-pink. Z5–9
rounded, bright deep pink flowers, with Slow-growing with a neat habit. Single, D. ‘Pixie Star’ (illus. p.267). Modern
gently rippled edges and crimson eyes, white flowers have fringed petals. Z5–9 pink. Bears single, rose-lavender flowers, DIASCIA D
D. ‘Laced Monarch’. Modern pink. with slightly wavy petals and deep pink
over mounded foliage. Z5–9 Double flowers are pink, laced with maroon- eyes, over mound-forming foliage. Z5–9 SCROPHULARIACEAE
D. ‘Fair Folly’, syn. D. ‘Constance red. Z5–9 D. ‘Queen of Sheba’ (illus. p.267). Old-
D. ‘Letitia Wyatt’. Modern pink. fashioned pink. Has clove-scented, single, Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
Finnis’. Modern pink. Flowers are single Has strongly fragrant, double, light pink white flowers, laced and flaked with annuals and perennials, some of which
flowers. Z5–9 magenta-purple. Z5–8 are semievergreen, grown for their
and usually dusky-pink to dusky-purple, D. LiLy the Pink (‘Wp05 Idare’) (illus. D. ‘Raggio di Sole’ (illus. p.267). tubular, pink flowers. Suitable for banks
p.267). Modern pink. Fringed, double, Perpetual-flowering carnation. Fully and borders. Needs sun and humus-rich,
with 2 white splashes on each petal. Z5–9 vivid lavender-pink flowers have redder double flowers are bright orange. Z5–9 well-drained soil that is not too dry. Cut
D. ‘Feuerhexe’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink. centers and a sweet, spicy fragrance. D. ‘Red Star’. Alpine pink. Bears single, back old stems in spring. Propagate by
Strongly scented, fringed, single, magenta Unusually vigorous. Z4–8 deep reddish pink flowers with deep red softwood cuttings in late spring, by
flowers are produced throughout summer. D. ‘Little Jock’ illus. p.363. central blotches and conspicuous white semiripe cuttings in summer, or by
Has silvery-blue leaves. Z3–10 D. ‘Manon’. Perpetual-flowering stamens. Z5–9 seed in fall.
D. Fire Star. See D. ‘Devon Xera’. carnation. One of the best deep pink D. ‘Rose de Mai’ (illus. p.267). Old- D. barberae ‘Blackthorn Apricot’,
D. ‘Fragrant Ann’. Perpetual-flowering cultivars with fully double flowers. Z5–9 fashioned, mule pink. Double, mauve- syn. D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’, illus.
carnation. Produces fragrant, double, D. ‘Mars’. Alpine pink. H and S 4in (10cm). pink flowers have darker centers. Z4–9 p.278.  ‘Fischer’s Flora’, syn. D. cordata
white flowers. Z5–9 Bears small, double, cherry-red flowers in D. ‘Rose Joy’. Modern pink. Produces of gardens, illus. p.339.  ‘Ruby Field’ is
D. ‘Fusilier’ (illus. p.267). Dwarf, modern summer, above a basal tuft of linear, gray- fragrant, double, cerise pink flowers. Z5–9 a mat-forming perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6in
pink. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant, single, rose- green leaves. Good in a rock garden. Z5–9 D. ‘Ruby’. See D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’. (15cm). Heart-shaped, pale green leaves
red flowers have blood-red eyes. Z4–8 D. microlepis illus. p.366. D. ‘Ruby Doris’. See D. ‘Houndspool clothe short, wiry stems. Produces tubular,
D. ‘Golden Cross’ (illus. p.267). Border D. ‘Milky Way’ (illus. p.266). Perpetual- Ruby’. wide-lipped, salmon-pink flowers
carnation. Produces bright yellow flowers flowering, spray carnation. Shallowly D. ‘Sandra Neal’. Border carnation. throughout summer. Z6–10
on short, stiff stems. Z5–9 toothed, double, white flowers may be Fully double, golden-apricot flowers are D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’. See D.
D. ‘Gran’s Favourite’ (illus. p.266). Old- slightly cream in the centers. Z4–8 flaked deep rose-pink. Z5–9 barberae ‘Blackthorn Apricot’.
fashioned pink. Bears fragrant, semidouble, D. MiSS Pinky. See D. ‘Valda Wyatt’. D. ‘Sops-in-wine’. Old-fashioned pink. D. cordata of gardens. See D. barberae
white flowers with deep raspberry lacing. D. ‘Monica Wyatt’ (illus. p.267). Modern Bears fragrant, single, maroon flowers ‘Fischer’s Flora’.
Z5–9 pink. Fragrant, fringed, double, deep pink with white markings. Z5–9 D. ice cracker (‘Herack’) illus. p.337.
D. gratianopolitanus, syn. D. caesius flowers, with crimson centers, are borne D. StarLight (‘Hilstar’) (illus. p.267). D. integerrima, syn. D. integrifolia.
(Cheddar pink), illus. p.363. over ay long season. Z5–9 Modern pink. Strongly scented, single, Creeping perennial. H 1ft (30cm) or more,
D. ‘Green Eyes’. See D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’. D. monspessulanus. Evergreen, mat- rose-lavender flowers turn to lilac, then S to 20in (50cm). Has slender, wiry, upright
D. haematocalyx. Evergreen, tuft- forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 4–6in mature to almost white. Z5–9 stems bearing linear to oblong-lance-
forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in (10–15cm). In summer, abundant, strongly D. ‘Starry Eyes’. Modern pink. Bears shaped, sparsely toothed leaves. Loose
(10cm). Leaves are lance-shaped and fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, pale fragrant, single, fringed, white flowers racemes of purplish-pink, broad-lipped
usually glaucous. Bears 5-petaled, toothed, lavender flowers rise on slender stems with maroon centers. Z5–9 flowers are produced in summer. Z6–10
beige-backed, deep pink flowers on slender above short tufts of fine, grasslike leaves. D. superbus. Evergreen, mat-forming D. integrifolia. See D. integerrima.
stems in summer. Suits a rock garden or Good for a rock garden. Needs gritty soil. perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). D. LittLe dancer (‘Pendan’) illus. p.301.
scree. Z5–9 Z5–9 Has narrowly lance-shaped, pale green D. rigescens illus. p.339.
D. ‘Haytor’. See D. ‘Haytor White’. D. ‘Moulin Rouge’ (illus. p.267). Modern leaves. In summer, slender stems bear D. ‘Salmon Supreme’ illus. p.345.
D. ‘Haytor Rock’. Modern pink. Has pink. Has double, pink flowers with very fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, D. vigilis. Prostrate perennial. H 12–16in
burgundy lacing, rich burgundy centers, pink flowers with darker centers. Suits (30–40cm), S 2ft (60cm). Pale green leaves
double, scarlet-streaked, very pale pink and a strong clove scent. Z5–9 a rock garden. Z3–8. ‘Crimsonia’ (illus. are small, rounded and toothed. Upright
D. ‘Mrs. Sinkins’ (illus. p.266). Old- p.267) is an old-fashioned pink. Slender, branchlets bear loose spikes of flattish,
flowers with fringed petal edges. Z5–9 fashioned pink. Heavily scented flowers rather floppy stems bear fragrant, high outward-facing, pale pink flowers in
D. ‘Haytor White’, syn. D. ‘Haytor’ (illus. are fringed, fully double and white. Z5–9 dissected, single, scarlet flowers. summer. Z7–9
D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’, syn. D. ‘Charles D. ‘Tayside Red’ (illus. p.267). Malmaison
p.266). Modern pink. Fully double, white Musgrave’, D. ‘Green Eyes’ (illus. p.266). carnation. Bears brick-red flowers through DICENTRA 565
Old-fashioned pink. Bears single, white summer and into fall. Does best in a cool
flowers, borne on strong stems, have a flowers with green eyes. Z5–9 glasshouse or conservatory. Z10–11 PAPAVERACEAE
D. myrtinervius illus. p.364. D. tickLed Pink (‘DevonPp11’) (illus.
good scent. Widely grown, especially to D. MyStic Star (‘Wp05Saphire’). p.267). Modern pink. Has compact growth Genus of perennials, grown for their
Modern pink. Bears strongly clove- and bears rounded, semidouble, fringed, elegant sprays of pendent flowers. Most
provide cut flowers. Z5–9 scented, single, maroon flowers; each deep lavender flowers, with a strong spicy do best in semishade and humus-rich,
D. ‘Hidcote’. Alpine pink. H and S 4in petal has a large pale pink to white blotch scent, over a long season. Tolerates moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
and is edged with the same color. Z5–9 extreme weather conditions. Z5–9 by division when dormant in late winter,
(10cm). Bears a basal tuft of linear, spiky, D. neglectus. See D. pavonius. D. ‘Valda Wyatt’, syn. D. MiSS Pinky species also by seed in fall. tContact
D. ‘Neon Star’ (illus. p.267). Modern (illus. p.267). Modern pink. Very fragrant with the foliage may aggravate skin
gray-green leaves and, in summer, double, pink. Has mound-forming. silvery-green fully double flowers are rose-lavender. allergies.
foliage and single, vivid magenta flowers Z5–9  D. ‘Adrian Bloom’. Spreading, tuft-
red flowers. Suits a rock garden. Z5–9 over a very long season. Z5–9 D. ‘Whatfield Cancan’. Alpine pink. forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 1ft
D. ‘Hilstar’. See D. Starlight. D. ‘Night Star’. Modern pink. Produces Produces fragrant, double, pink flowers (30cm). In late spring, and intermittently
D. ‘Houndspool Cheryl’, syn. D. ‘Cheryl’. single, deep red-purple flowers, blotched with fringed petals. Z3–8 until fall, bears sprays of pendent, heart-
shaped, rich carmine-pink flowers above
Modern pink. Has double, currant-red ovate, gray-green leaves. Z4–8

flowers. Z5–9
D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’, syn. D. ‘Ruby’,
D. ‘Ruby Doris’, illus. p.268.
D. ‘Inchmery’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned,
mule pink. Bears scented, double, pale
pink flowers above blue-green leaves.
Thrives on heavy soil. Z4–9
D. ‘India Star’ (illus. p.267). Modern pink.
Produces single, rich rose-pink flowers,
with bold, deep red eyes and a fine
fragrance, over mounded foliage. Z5–9

DICENTRA

D. cucullaria (Dutchman’s breeches) D. fibrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern the spadix, are surrounded by a narrow, D. bicolor illus. p.395.
illus. p.348. (deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m), leaflike spathe that is produced D. iridioides, syn. D. vegeta of gardens.
D. eximia of gardens. See D. formosa. S to 12ft (4m). Sturdy trunks are crowned intermittently. Z14–15. (min. 59°F/15°C) Evergreen, spring- and summer-flowering,
D. formosa, syn. D. eximia of gardens. by a rosette of spreading, lance-shaped, ‘Amoena’ (syn. D. amoena of gardens), rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm),
Spreading, tufted perennial. H 18in (45cm), dark green, divided fronds, to 6ft (2m) H to 6ft (2m), is robust, with creamy-white S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Has sword-shaped,
S 1ft (30cm). In late spring and early long. Z9–10 bars along lateral veins on the semierect, basal leaves in a spreading
summer, bears slender, arching sprays of D. squarrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern leaves.  ‘Exotica’ (syn. D. ‘Exotica’, D. fan. Branching, wiry stems bear irislike,
pendent, heart-shaped, pink or dull red (deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m), maculata ‘Exotica’) illus. p.465. ‘Memoria white flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) across; the
flowers above ovate, finely cut, gray-green S to 12ft (4m). Slender trunks are crowned Corsii’ (syn. D. ‘Memoria’) has gray-green 3 large petals each have a central, yellow
leaves. Z4–8 by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance- leaves, marked dark green and spotted mark. Z8–11
D. peregrina. Tuft-forming perennial. shaped, mid-green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long, white. ‘Rudolph Roehrs’ (syn. D. D. vegeta of gardens. See D. iridioides.
H 3in (8cm), S to 2in (5cm). Locket-shaped, with blackish stalks and midribs. Z9–10 maculata ‘Rudolph Roehrs’, D.s. ‘Roehrs’)
pink flowers are borne in early summer, illus. p.474. DIGITALIS
above fernlike, blue-green leaves. Needs DICTAMNUS
gritty soil. Suitable for an alpine house. Z4–8 DIERAMA Foxglove
D. spectabilis. See Lamprocapnos RUTACEAE
spectabilis. Angel’s fishing rod, Wandflower PLANTAGINACEAE
D. ‘Spring Morning’ illus. p.256. Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
D. ‘Stuart Boothman’ illus. p.268. Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained IRIDACEAE Genus of biennials, perennials and shrubs,
soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by grown for their imposing flower spikes,
DICHELOSTEMMA seed sown in late summer when fresh. Genus of evergreen, clump-forming, borne in summer. Species mentioned
tThe foliage, roots and seeds of D. albus summer-flowering corms with pendent, below grow in most conditions, even dry,
ASPARAGACEAE may cause mild stomach upset if ingested, funnel- or bell-shaped flowers on long, exposed sites, but do best in semishade
and contact with the foliage may cause arching, wiry stems. Thrives near ponds. and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
Genus of summer-flowering corms, photodermatitis. Prefers a warm, sunny, sheltered site and by seed in fall. tAll parts may cause
grown for their dense flower heads. D. albus var. albus (Burning bush) illus. well-drained soil that is moist during severe discomfort if ingested. Contact with
Related to Brodiaea and similar to Allium p.230.  var. purpureus (syn. D. fraxinella) summer growth. Dies down partially in foliage may irritate skin.
in appearance. Where marginally hardy, is an upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft winter. Propagate by division of corms in D. ambigua. See D. grandiflora.
best grown in a sheltered site. Needs a (60cm). Has light green leaves divided into spring or by seed in fall or spring. Resents D. canariensis, syn. Isoplexis canariensis,
sunny position and well-drained soil. ovate leaflets. In early summer, bears disturbance; divisions take a year or more illus. p.459.
Water freely in spring, but allow to dry spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, purplish- to flower. D. eriostachya. See D. lutea.
out after flowering. Propagate by seed in pink flowers with long stamens. Z3–8 D. dracomontanum, syn. D. pumilum. D. ferruginea. Perennial best treated as
fall or spring, or by offsets in fall before D. fraxinella. See D. albus var. purpureus. Vigorous, evergreen, upright perennial. a biennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1ft (30cm).
growth commences. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm). In summer, Long, slender spikes bear funnel-shaped,
D. capitatum, syn. Brodiaea capitata, Didiscus coeruleus. See Trachymene freely produces nodding, funnel-shaped orange-brown and white flowers in
B. pulchella, Dichelostemma pulchellum. coerulea. flowers, in shades of pink and violet, on midsummer above basal rosettes of ovate,
Early summer-flowering corm. H 12–24in wiry stems. Leaves are grasslike. Z8–9 rough leaves. Z4–9
(30–60cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow DIDYMOCHLAENA D. ensifolium. See D. pendulum. D. grandiflora, syn. D. ambigua (Yellow
leaves are semierect and basal. Slender, D. igneum. Clump-forming, cormous foxglove). Evergreen, clump-forming
DRYOPTERIDACEAE perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). In perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm). In
D leafless stem bears a dense head of summer, bears long, pendulous spikes with summer, bears racemes of downward-
narrowly funnel-shaped, pale to deep Genus of one species of evergreen fern. 4–11 bell-shaped, lilac to rosy pink flowers pointing, tubular, creamy-yellow flowers
violet flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) long, with Frost tender. Has tufts of glossy, mid-green per branch. Has narrow, linear leaves. Z6–10 above a rosette of ovate to oblong,
violet bracts. Z9–11 fronds, tinged with rose-pink or red when D. pendulum, syn. D. ensifolium (Angel’s smooth, strongly veined leaves. Z3–8
D. congestum, syn. Brodiaea congesta, young. Need partial shade, high humidity fishing rod), illus. p.392. D. lutea, syn. D. eriostachya. Upright
illus. p.392. and moist, humus-rich soil. Propagate by D. pulcherrimum illus. p.386. perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm).
D. ida-maia, syn. Brodiaea ida-maia. spores as soon as ripe, or divide in spring. D. pumilum. See D. dracomontanum. In summer, delicate spires of downward-
Early summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft D. lunulata. See D. truncatula. pointing, narrowly tubular, creamy-yellow
(1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow D. truncatula, syn. D. lunulata. Evergreen DIERVILLA flowers are borne above a rosette of ovate,
leaves are semierect and basal. Leafless fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Erect rhizomes smooth, mid-green leaves. Z3–8
stem bears a dense head of flowers, each bear triangular, divided fronds, 2–5ft CAPRIFOLIACEAE D. x mertonensis. Clump-forming
3⁄4–1in (2–2.5cm) long, with a red tube and 6 (60cm–1.5m) long, with simple diamond- perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm).
green petals. Z5–8 shaped segments. Z9–11 (min. 50°F/10°C) Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering Produces spikes of downward-pointing,
D. pulchellum. See. D. capitatum. shrubs. Similar to Weigela. Needs partial tubular, rose-mauve to coppery flowers
DIEFFENBACHIA shade or full sun and well-drained, in summer, above a rosette of ovate, hairy,
DICHORISANDRA moderately fertile soil. To keep neat, soft leaves. Divide after flowering. Z3–8
Dumb cane, Leopard lily remove 2- and 3-year-old stems in winter D. purpurea. Upright, short-lived
COMMELINACEAE or after flowering. Propagate by semiripe perennial, grown as a biennial. H 3–5ft
ARACEAE cuttings in late summer or hardwood (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has a rosette of
Genus of erect, clump-forming, evergreen cuttings in fall. ovate, rough, deep green leaves and, in
perennials, grown for their ornamental Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials, D. sessilifolia. Deciduous, spreading summer, tall spikes of tubular flowers in
foliage. Frost tender. Prefers fertile, moist grown for their large, handsome leaves. shrub. H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Narrowly shades of pink, red, purple or white. Z4–8.
but well-drained soil, humid conditions Frost tender. Needs partial shade and ovate, pointed, serrated, green leaves are f. albiflora (syn. D.p. f. alba) illus.
and partial shade. Propagate by division fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by often copper-tinted when young. Bears p.299.  ‘Pam’s Choice’ has white flowers,
in spring or by stem cuttings in summer. leafless pieces of stem placed horizontally terminal and lateral clusters of tubular, stained deep red in the throat. ‘Sutton’s
D. reginae illus. p.473. in compost, or by stem cuttings, in spring pale yellow flowers in summer. To treat Apricot’ has apricot-pink flowers.
or summer. Scale insect or red spider mite as a herbaceous perennial, cut back to D. x valinii. Rosette-forming or low-
Dichromena colorata. See can be troublesome. tAll parts may cause ground level each spring and apply mulch branching, short-lived perennial. H 3ft
Rhynchospora colorata. severe discomfort if ingested; contact with and fertilizer. Z4–8 (1m), S 20in (50cm). Has ovate, hairy leaves
sap may irritate skin. and, in summer, bears dense racemes of
566 DICKSONIA D. amoena of gardens. See D. seguine DIETES horizontally-held, tubular flowers in shades
‘Amoena’. of pink and orange, paler in the throat.
DICKSONIACEAE D. ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine ‘Exotica’. IRIDACEAE Sterile and produces no pollen. Prone to
D. maculata ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine winter rot and often best grown as an
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, ‘Exotica’. ‘Rudolph Roehrs’ see Genus of evergreen, irislike, rhizomatous annual. Z6–10. IllumInatIon aprIcot
treelike ferns that resemble palms and D. seguine ‘Rudolph Roehrs’. perennials, grown for their attractive (‘Chelsea Gold’) has orange flowers,
that are sometimes used to provide height D. ‘Memoria’. See D. seguine ‘Memoria flowers borne in spring or summer. pinkish in bud, with a creamy throat.
in fern plantings. Needs semishade and Corsii’. Needs sun or partial shade and humus- IllumInatIon pInk (‘Tmdgfp001’) has
humus-rich, moist soil. Remove faded fronds D. seguine. Evergreen, tufted perennial. rich, well-drained soil that does not dry bright pink flowers, orange shading to
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Broadly lance- out excessively. Propagate by seed in fall cream in the throat.
D. antarctica (Australian tree fern) illus. shaped leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are or spring, or by division in spring (although
p.290. glossy and dark green. Insignificant, divisions do not become re-established
tiny, greenish-white flowers, clustered on very readily).

DISTICTIS

DILLENIA Propagate by seed in spring. shade; some need wet soil. Propagate shade and humus-rich, moist but not
D. edule (Virgin’s palm). Slow-growing, perennials by division in spring; subshrubs wet, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by
DILLENIACEAE evergreen cycad, eventually with a thick, and shrubs by softwood cuttings in late layering in spring or by seed when
upright trunk. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft summer; annuals and all species by seed in ripe or in spring.
Genus of evergreen or briefly deciduous, (1.5–3m). Leaves are featherlike, 2–4ft fall or spring. D. cercidifolius illus. p.141.
spring-flowering trees, grown for their (60cm–1.2m) long, with spine-tipped, D. aurantiacus, syn. Mimulus
flowers and foliage and for shade. Frost blue-green leaflets. Z8–11 (min. 55°F/13°C) aurantiacus, M. glutinosus, illus. p.162. DISCARIA
tender. Needs moisture-retentive, fertile
soil and full light. Water potted plants DIOSCOREA Dipladenia. See Mandevilla. RHAMNACEAE
freely while in full growth, less in winter.
Propagate by seed in spring. DIOSCOREACEAE DIPLARRHENA Genus of deciduous or almost leafless
D. indica (Elephant apple). Briefly shrubs and small trees, grown for their
deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25–40ft Genus of tuberous, deciduous or IRIDACEAE habit and flowers. Spiny, green shoots
(8–12m). Has ovate, serrated, boldly evergreen, climbing perennials, some assume function of leaves. Needs a
parallel-veined, glossy leaves, each 1ft of which are succulents, grown mainly Genus of evergreen perennials, grown sheltered, sunny site and fertile, well-
(30cm) long. In spring, bears nodding, for their decorative leaves. Insignificant for their fragrant, irislike flowers. Needs drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cup-shaped, white flowers, each 6–8in (15– flowers are generally yellow. Frost tender. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by cuttings in summer.
20cm) across, followed by edible, globular, Prefers full sun or partial shade and fertile, seed or by division in spring. D. toumatou (Wild Irishman). Deciduous
greenish fruits. Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) well-drained soil. Propagate by division, D. moraea illus. p.264. or almost leafless, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft
or by cutting off sections of tuber in spring (2m). Shoots have sharp, rigid spines. Tiny,
DIMORPHOTHECA or fall, or by seed in spring. DIPSACUS star-shaped, greenish-white flowers are
D. discolor, syn. D. dodecaneura, borne in dense clusters in late spring. Z8–9
African daisy, Cape marigold (Common yam), illus. p.459. Teasel
D. dodecaneura. See D. discolor. DISOCACTUS D
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE D. elephantipes, syn. Testudinaria CAPRIFOLIACEAE
elephantipes, illus. p.492. CACTACEAE
Genus of annuals or evergreen, subshrubby Genus of biennials or short-lived
perennials. Grow in sun and fertile, very Diosphaera. See Trachelium. perennials, grown for their flower heads, Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with
well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong which are good for drying. Requires sun flattened, strap-shaped stems. Closely
flowering. Propagate annuals by seed DIPCADI or partial shade and any fertile soil. Sow related to Epiphyllum, with which it
sown under glass in midspring, perennials seed in fall or spring. hybridizes. Spines are insignificant. Stems
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Susceptible ASPARAGACEAE D. fullonum. Prickly biennial. H 5–6ft may die back after flowering. Frost tender.
to botrytis in wet summers. (1.5–2m), S 12–32in (30–80cm). In the first Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained
D. annua. See D. pluvialis. Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown year, produces a basal rosette of toothed, soil. Propagate by stem cuttings in spring
D. barberae of gardens. See mainly for botanical interest. Will not dark green leaves covered in spiny or summer.
Osteospermum jucundum. tolerate cold, wet winters, so best grown pustules. Thistlelike, pinkish-purple D. ackermannii, syn. Epiphyllum
D. pluvialis, syn. D. annua (Rain daisy), in a cold frame or alpine house. Needs a or white flower heads, with stiff, prickly ackermannii, Nopalxochia ackermannii
illus. p.299. warm, sunny situation and light, well- bracts, are borne terminally on upright (Red orchid cactus). Erect, then pendent,
drained soil. Dormant in summer. stems with paired leaves in mid- and late epiphytic, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm),
DIONAEA Propagate by seed in fall. summer of the second year. Z5–8 S 2ft (60cm). Has fleshy, toothed, green
D. serotinum illus. p.422. stems, to 3in (7cm) across and 16in (40cm)
DROSERACEAE Dipteracanthus. See Ruellia. long, with funnel-shaped, red flowers,
DIPELTA 6in (15cm) across, in spring–summer,
Genus of one species of evergreen, DIPTERONIA along indented edges of stems. Z11–14
insectivorous, rosette-forming perennial. CAPRIFOLIACEAE D. flagelliformis, syn. Aporocactus
Frost tender. Needs partial shade and SAPINDACEAE/ACERACEAE flagelliformis (Rat’s-tail cactus), illus. p.483.
a humid atmosphere; grow in a mixture Genus of deciduous shrubs, with bold, D. ‘Gloria’ illus. p.485.
of peat and moss, kept constantly moist. long-pointed leaves, grown for their Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, D. ‘Jennifer Ann’ illus. p.496.
Propagate by seed or division in spring. showy, tubular flowers and peeling bark. grown for their foliage and fruits. Needs D. ‘M.A. Jeans’ illus. p.485.
D. muscipula (Venus flytrap) illus. p.473. After flowering, bracts beneath flowers full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. D. phyllanthoides ‘Deutsche Kaiserin’
enlarge and become papery, surrounding Propagate by softwood cuttings in illus. p.485.
DIONYSIA the fruits. Requires sun or semishade and summer or by seed in fall.
fertile, well-drained soil. Benefits from the D. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading, DISPORUM
PRIMULACEAE occasional removal of old shoots after sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m),
flowering. Propagate by softwood cuttings S 20ft (6m). Large, mid-green leaves have Fairy bells
Genus of evergreen, tufted or cushion in summer. 7–11 ovate to lance-shaped leaflets.
forming, subshrubby perennials. Grow D. floribunda illus. p.111. Produces inconspicuous, greenish-white COLCHICACEAE
in an alpine house in sun and very gritty, D. yunnanensis illus. p.110. flowers in summer, followed by large
well-drained soil. Position deep collar clusters of winged, red fruits. Z8–10 Genus of spring- or early summer-
of grit under cushion and ensure good DIPHYLLEIA flowering perennials. Suits a woodland
ventilation at all times. Dislikes winter DISA garden. Requires a cool, semishaded site
wet. Propagate by softwood cuttings in BERBERIDACEAE and humus-rich soil. Propagate by division
summer. Plants are susceptible to botrytis. ORCHIDACEAE in spring or by seed in fall.
D. aretioides illus. p.358. Genus of perennials with creeping D. hookeri. Clump-forming perennial.
D. microphylla. Evergreen perennial. rootstocks and umbrella-like leaves. Best See also ORCHIDS. H 30in (75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Leaves are
H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Rosettes of ovate suited to woodland gardens. Needs D. uniflora. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. narrowly ovate and mid-green. Orange-
to rounded, often sharply pointed, gray- semishade and moist soil. Propagate by H 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). Has narrowly lance- red berries in fall follow clusters of
green leaves, with a mealy, yellow coating division in spring or by seed in fall. shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, to 9in drooping, open bell-shaped, greenish-
beneath, form tight cushions. Small, short- D. cymosa (Umbrella leaf). Rounded (22cm) long. In early summer, each stem white flowers in spring. Z4–9
stemmed, 5-petaled, white-eyed, pale to perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears bears up to 7 hooded, scarlet flowers, D. sessile ‘Variegatum’. Rapidly
deep violet-yellow flowers, with darker large, rounded, 2-lobed leaves. In spring, 3–4in (8–10cm) long, with darker veins and spreading, clump-forming perennial.
petal bases, are borne in early spring. has loose heads of inconspicuous, white suffused yellow. Needs partial shade and H 18in (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Solitary
Z5–7 flowers followed by indigo-blue berries continually moist soil. Raise from seed or tubular-bell-shaped to bell-shaped,
D. tapetodes illus. p.358. on red stalks. Z7–10 propagate by division of offsets when creamy-white flowers are produced in
dormant. Z13–15 (min.41°F/5°C, max. spring. Narrowly ovate, pleated leaves
DIOON DIPLACUS 75°F/24°C) are irregularly striped with white. Z4–9

ZAMIACEAE Monkey Flower DISANTHUS DISTICTIS 567

Genus of evergreen, palmlike cycads. Frost PHRYMACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE HAMAMELIDACEAE BIGNONIACEAE
tender. Requires full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water potted specimens Genus of annuals, perennials and Genus of one species of deciduous, fall- Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
moderately, less when not in full growth. evergreen subshrubs and shrubs. Most flowering shrub, grown for its overall tendril climbers, grown for their colorful,
need well-drained soil in sun or light appearance and fall color. Needs partial

DISTICTIS

trumpet-shaped flowers. Frost tender. DODONAEA spring. Bears heart-shaped, bright green plants by cutting back close to soil level
Well-drained soil is suitable with full light. leaves. Z5–8 in spring. Propagate by seed or air-
Water freely in summer, less at other SAPINDACEAE D. orientale ‘Frühlingspracht’. See layering in spring, or by tip or stem
times. Support for stems is necessary. Thin D. ‘Frühlingspracht’. ‘Magnificum’ illus. cuttings in summer. Mealy bug may be
out congested growth in spring. Propagate Genus of evergreen shrubs and small p.263. ‘Spring Beauty’ see D. a nuisance.
by softwood cuttings in early summer trees, grown mainly for their foliage and ‘Frühlingspracht’. D. australis. See Cordyline australis.
or by semiripe cuttings in late summer. overall appearance. Prefers full sun and D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. See D. deremensis. See D. fragrans
D. buccinatoria, syn. Phaedranthus well-drained soil. Water potted plants D. x excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’. Deremensis Group. ‘Souvenir de
buccinatorius (Mexican blood flower), freely when in full growth, less at other Schrijver’ see D. fragrans Deremensis
illus. p.461. times. Cut back in late summer and in Dorotheanthus. See Cleretum. Group ‘Souvenir d’August de Schrijver’.
spring if needed, to maintain a balanced D. draco illus. p.451.
DISTYLIUM shape. Propagate by seed in spring or by DORYANTHES D. fragrans (Corn plant). Deremensis
semiripe cuttings in late summer. Group, syn. D. deremensis, is a slow-
HAMAMELIDACEAE D. viscosa ‘Purpurea’ illus. p.457. DORYANTHACEAE/LILIACEAE growing sparsely branched shrub.
H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m) or more.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Dolichos lablab. See Lablab purpureus. Genus of rosette-forming perennial Has lance-shaped, erect to arching,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Prefers Dolichos purpureus. See Lablab succulents, grown for their flowers. Frost glossy, deep green leaves, to 18in
a sheltered, partially shaded position and tender. Requires a sunny position and (45cm) long. Mature plants may bear
moist, peaty soil. Propagate by semiripe purpureus. humus-rich, well-drained soil. Propagate large panicles of small, red-and-white
cuttings in summer. by mature bulbils, by seed in spring, or by flowers in summer. Z14–15.  ‘Lemon
D. racemosum. Evergreen, arching DOMBEYA suckers after flowering. Lime’, H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 20in–3ft
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are D. palmeri illus. p.470. (50cm–1m), has greenish-white flowers,
oblong, leathery, glossy and dark green. MALVACEAE occasionally followed by red or orange
Bears small flowers, with red calyces Dorycnium hirsutum. See Lotus fruit. Leaves have longitudinal bands of
and purple anthers, in late spring–early Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs hirsutus. greenish-yellow, white and dark green.
summer. Z11 and trees, grown for their flowers. Frost ‘Souvenir d’August de Schrijver’
tender. Needs full sun or partial shade Douglasia vitaliana. See Vitaliana (syn. D. deremensis ‘Souvenir de
DOCYNIA and fertile, well-drained soil. Water primuliflora. Schrijver’) illus. p.454.
containerized plants freely when in full D. indivisa. See Cordyline indivisa.
ROSACEAE growth, less when temperatures fall. Cut Doxantha. See Macfadyena except for: D. marginata (Madagascar dragon
back after flowering. Propagate by seed D. capreolata for which see Bignonia tree). Slow-growing, erect shrub or tree.
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or in spring or by semiripe cuttings in capreolata. H 10ft (3m) or more, S 3–6ft (1–2m) or
deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for summer. Whitefly and red spider mite more. Leaves are narrowly strap-shaped
their flowers and foliage. Needs full sun may be a nuisance. DRABA and rich green with red margins. Flowers
and well-drained soil. Other than shaping D. burgessiae, syn. D. mastersii. are rarely produced. Z11–12.  ‘Tricolor’
while young, pruning is not necessary. Evergreen shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE illus. p.452. (min. 55°F/13°C)
Propagate by seed in spring or fall, by (1.5–3m). Has rounded, 3-lobed, downy
budding in summer, or by grafting in leaves and dense clusters of fragrant, Genus of spring-flowering annuals and DRACOCEPHALUM
winter. Caterpillars may be troublesome. white flowers, with pink to red veins, evergreen or semievergreen, cushion- or
D. delavayi. Evergreen or semievergreen, in fall–winter. Z12–15 (min. 50°F/10°C) mat-forming perennials. Some species form Dragon’s head
D. x cayeuxii (Pink snowball) illus. p.450. soft, green cushions that in winter turn
D spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m) or more. D. mastersii. See D. burgessiae. brown except at the tips, appearing dead. LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
Ovate to lance-shaped leaves are white- Suitable for alpine houses. Needs sun and
felted beneath. In spring, has fragrant Dondia. See Hacquetia. gritty, well-drained soil. Dislikes winter Genus of annuals, perennials and dwarf
white flowers, pink in bud; ovoid, downy, wet. Propagate by softwood cuttings of the evergreen shrubs, suitable for borders and
yellow fruits follow in fall. Z8–10 DORONICUM rosettes in late spring or by seed in fall. rock gardens. Prefers sun and fertile, well-
D. aizoides (Yellow whitlow grass). drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
568 DODECATHEON Leopard’s bane Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial. in spring or fall, or by basal cuttings of
H 1in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has lance- young growth in spring.
Shooting stars ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE shaped, stiff-bristled leaves in rosettes D. ruyschiana. Erect perennial.
and, in spring, 4-petaled, bright yellow H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Freely
PRIMULACEAE Genus of perennials, grown for their flowers. Suits a scree. Z4–6 bears whorled spikes of 2-lipped, violet-
daisylike flowers, which are good for D. bryoides. See D. rigida var. bryoides. blue flowers from early to midsummer.
Genus of spring- and summer-flowering cutting. Most prefer full sun or part shade D. hispanica. Semievergreen, cushion- Mid-green leaves are linear to lance-
perennials, grown for their flowers, which and moist, well-drained soil. Propagate by forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in shaped. Z3–7
have reflexed petals and prominent division in fall. (10cm). Pale green leaves are ovate and D. sibiricum. See Nepeta sibirica.
stamens. Once fertilized, flowers turn D. austriacum. Clump-forming perennial. soft. Clusters of flat, 4-petaled, pale yellow
skyward—hence their common name. H 18in (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears daisylike, flowers are borne in spring. Z4–6 DRACUNCULUS
Dormant after flowering. Prefers sun pure yellow flower heads on slender stems D. longisiliqua illus. p.357.
or partial shade and moist, well-drained in spring, above heart-shaped, wavy- D. mollissima illus. p.358. ARACEAE
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by edged, bright green, hairy leaves. Z5–8 D. polytricha. Semievergreen, cushion-
division in winter. D. columnae, syn. D. cordatum. forming perennial. H 21⁄2in (6cm), S 6in Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
D. dentatum. Clump-forming perennial. Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial. (15cm). Forms rosettes of tiny round their distinctive, but foul-smelling, spathes.
H 3in (7cm), S 10in (25cm). Leaves are long, H 5–24in (12–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears leaves. Bears flat, 4-petaled, golden-yellow Where marginally hardy, protect dormant
ovate and toothed. Bears white flowers clustered, ovate-rounded to heart-shaped, flowers in spring. Difficult to grow. Keep tubers with heavy mulch. Needs sun and
with prominent, dark stamens and reflexed toothed, hairy or hairless, scalloped leaves. stones under cushion at all times. Remove well-drained soil that dries out in summer.
petals, in spring. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 Slender stems bear solitary yellow flower dead rosettes at once. Z4–6 Propagate by offsets in late summer or
D. hendersonii, syn. D. latifolium, heads in midspring to early summer. D. rigida illus. p.357. var. bryoides seed in fall.
illus. p.333. Z4–9 (syn. D. bryoides) is an evergreen, D. vulgaris, syn. Arum dracunculus
D. latifolium. See D. hendersonii. D. ‘Miss Mason’ illus. p.227. hummock-forming perennial. H 11⁄2in (4cm), (Dragon’s arum), illus. p.386.
D. meadia. Clump-forming perennial. D. cordatum. See D. columnae. S 21⁄2in (6cm). Has tiny, round, dark green
H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are D. x excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’, syn. leaves. Produces small clusters of almost DREGEA
ovate and pale green. In spring, bears pale D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. Elegant, stemless, 4-petaled, bright yellow flowers
pink flowers, with reflexed petals, above clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft that cover hummocks in spring. Z4–6 APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE
foliage. Prefers a partially shaded site. (60cm). Large, daisylike, buttercup-yellow
Z4–8.  f. album illus. p.333. flower heads are borne, 3 or 4 to a stem, DRACAENA Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
D. pauciflorum of gardens. See in spring. Leaves are heart-shaped and twining climbers, grown for their flowers.
D. pulchellum. bright green. Good for dry shade. Z4–8 ASPARAGACEAE Grow in sun and in any well-drained soil.
D. pulchellum, syn. D. pauciflorum of D. ‘Frühlingspracht’, syn. D. orientale Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
gardens. Clump-forming perennial. H 6in ‘Frühlingspracht’, D. orientale ‘Spring Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, cuttings in summer or fall.
(15cm), S 4in (10cm). Similar to D. meadia, Beauty’. Clump-forming perennial. H 18in grown for their foliage. Frost tender. Needs D. corrugata. See D. sinensis.
but flowers are usually deep cerise. Z4–7. (45cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces daisylike, full sun or partial shade and well-drained D. sinensis, syn. D. corrugata, Wattakaka
subsp. pulchellum ‘Red Wings’ illus. double, bright yellow flower heads in soil. Water potted plants moderately, much sinensis, illus. p.197.
p.333. less in low temperatures. Renew leggy

DYPSIS

Drejerella guttata. See Justicia DRYANDRA broadly lance-shaped, glossy, yellowish- when in flower, S 20in (50cm). Narrowly
brandegeeana. green fronds, to 3ft (1m) long, with oblong, lance-shaped, tapering leaves are fleshy,
PROTEACEAE scallop-edged segments. An imposing fern silvery-white. Bears abundant, star-shaped,
Drepanostachyum falconeri. See suitable for a moist, shady site. Z5–9 pale yellow flowers in spring-summer.
Himalayacalamus falconeri. Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer-  D. cycadina, syn. D. atrata of gardens, Z13–15
flowering shrubs and small trees, grown D. hirtipes of gardens. Deciduous fern. D. pulverulenta illus. p.490.
DRIMIA for their foliage and flowers. Frost tender. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has an erect
Needs full light and well-drained, sandy rhizome bearing a “shuttlecock” of lance- DURANTA
syn. URGINEA soil that is low in nutrients. Water potted shaped, divided, bright green fronds,
plants moderately, less in winter. Plants 18in (45cm) tall, with green midribs. Z6–9 VERBENACEAE
ASPARAGACEAE under glass must be freely ventilated. D. dilatata, syn. D. austriaca
Propagate by seed in spring. (Broad buckler fern). Deciduous or Genus of fast-growing, evergreen trees
Genus of late summer- or early fall- D. formosa. Evergreen, bushy shrub. semievergreen fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). and shrubs, grown for their flowers and
flowering bulbs, growing on or near soil H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Strap- Has much-divided, arching, mid-green overall appearance. Frost tender. Needs
surface, with spear-shaped flower spikes shaped leaves are divided into triangular, fronds, to 5ft (1.5m) tall and 16in (40cm) full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
up to 5ft (1.5m) high. Needs sun and well- closely set lobes, creating a saw-blade wide, with triangular to ovate pinnae, on Water potted plants freely when in full
drained soil that dries out while bulbs are effect. In spring, produces small, scented, sturdy, dark brown stems. Z6–8 growth, moderately at other times. Prune
dormant in summer. Plant in mid- to late tubular, orange-yellow flowers in domed, D. erythrosora (Japanese shield fern) as necessary to curb vigour. Propagate
summer. Water until leaves die down. terminal heads; suitable for drying. Z10–11 illus. p.293. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets in D. filix-mas (Male fern) illus. in summer. Whitefly may be troublesome.
late summer. DRYAS p.293.  ‘Crispa Cristata’ is a deciduous D. erecta, syn. D. plumieri, D. repens,
D. maritima, syn. Urginea maritima. or semievergreen fern. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft illus. p.319. ‘Gold Edge’ illus. p.319.
Late summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. Mountain avens (1m), Has arching, crested, mid-green D. plumieri. See D. erecta.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Bears fronds and pinnae that are both crested D. repens. See D. erecta.
broadly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves ROSACEAE and crisped.  ‘Linearis Polydactyla’,
in fall, after long spikes of small star- H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm), has blades DUVALIA
shaped, white flowers. Z9–11 Genus of evergreen, prostrate, woody- and pinnae with narrow, long-fingered
based subshrubs with oaklike leaves and crests. Z4–8 ASCLEPIADACEAE
DRIMYS cup-shaped flowers. Useful as a carpeting D. goldieana (Giant wood fern).
plant on banks and walls, in rock gardens Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Genus of clump-forming or carpeting,
WINTERACEAE and as groundcover. Prefers sun and Produces tufts of long-stalked, broadly perennial succulents with short, thick,
gritty, well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate ovate, light green fronds, 3ft (1m) tall, leafless stems; is closely related to Stapelia.
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, by seed or by semiripe cuttings in summer. which are divided into numerous oblong, Star-shaped flowers have thick, fleshy
grown for their foliage and star-shaped D. drummondii. Evergreen, mat- indented pinnae. Z6–8 petals recurved at tips. Frost tender.
flowers. Where marginally hardy, grow forming, woody-based subshrub. H 2in D. hirtipes of gardens. See D. cycadina. Requires partial shade and very well-
against a sunny wall. Needs sun or (5cm), S indefinite. Sturdy stems are clothed D. pseudomas. See D. affinis. drained soil. Propagate by seed or
semishade and fertile, moist but well- in small, ovate, lobed, leathery, dark green D. sieboldii. Semievergreen, tufted fern. stem cuttings in spring or summer.
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe leaves. Bears nodding, bell-shaped, cream H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Produces long- D. corderoyi illus. p.493.
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. flowers in early summer. Z3–6 stalked, erect or arching, yellowish-green
D. aromatica. See Tasmannia lanceolata. D. octopetala illus. p.361. fronds, 8–20in (20–50cm) long, with up to Duvernoia adhatodoides. See D
D. axillaris. See Pseudowintera axillaris. D. x suendermannii. Evergreen, mat- 6 pairs of narrowly lance-shaped pinnae, Justicia adhatoda.
D. colorata. See Pseudowintera colorata. forming, woody-based subshrub. H 2in 6–12in (15–30cm) long. Z6–8
D. lanceolata. See Tasmannia lanceolata. (5cm), S indefinite. Similar to D. drummondii, D. wallichiana (Wallich’s wood fern) DYCKIA
D. winteri, syn. Wintera aromatica with scalloped leaves, but has slightly illus. p.293.
(Winter’s bark), illus. p.73. nodding, cup-shaped, pale cream flowers BROMELIACEAE
that open horizontally. Z3–6 DUCHESNEA
DROSANTHEMUM Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
DRYOPTERIS ROSACEAE perennials. Frost tender. Needs full light
AIZOACEAE and well-drained soil containing sharp
DRYOPTERIDACEAE Genus of perennials, some of which are sand or grit. Water moderately in summer,
Genus of erect or prostrate, succulent semievergreen, grown as groundcover scarcely or not at all in winter, sparingly
shrubs with slender stems and summer Genus of deciduous or semievergreen as well as for their flowers. May be used at other times. Propagate by offsets or
flowers. Frost tender. Requires full sun and ferns, many of which form shuttlecocklike in hanging baskets. Grow in well-drained division in spring.
very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed crowns. Needs shade and moist soil. soil and in sun or partial shade. Propagate D. remotiflora. Evergreen, basal-
or by stem cuttings in spring or summer. Regularly remove fading fronds. Propagate by division in spring, by rooting plantlets rosetted perennial. H and S 12–20in (30–
D. hispidum. Shrub with arching or by spores in summer or by division in fall formed at ends of runners in summer or 50cm). Has dense rosettes of very
spreading branches that root down. or winter. by seed in fall. D. indica, syn. Fragaria narrowly triangular, pointed, thick-
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has cylindrical, D. affinis, syn. D. borreri, D. pseudomas indica, Potentilla indica. Semievergreen, textured, arching, dull green leaves with
light green leaves, 5⁄8–1in (1.5–2.5cm) long, (Golden male fern). Virtually evergreen trailing perennial. H to 4in (10cm), hooked spines and gray scales beneath.
and produces abundant, shiny, daisylike, fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). A “shuttlecock” S indefinite. Dark green leaves have Woolly spikes of tubular, orange-yellow
purple flowers, to 11⁄4in (3cm) across in of lance-shaped, divided fronds, 8–32in 3 toothed leaflets like those of strawberries. flowers are borne above the foliage in
summer. Z10–13 (min. 41°F/5°C) (20–80cm) tall, rises from an erect rhizome. Solitary, 5-petaled, bright yellow flowers, summer–fall. Z13–15 (min. 50°F/10°C)
D. speciosum. Erect, shrubby Fronds are pale green as they unfurl in to 1in (25cm) across, with leafy, green frills
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has spring, in contrast to the scaly, golden of sepals, are borne from spring to early DYPSIS
semicylindrical leaves, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) brown midribs; they mature to dark green summer. Strawberrylike, tasteless, red
long. Abundant, daisylike, green-centered, and often remain green through winter. fruits are produced in late summer. Z6–8. ARECACEAE/PALMAE
orange-red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, Distinguished from D. filix-mas by a dark ‘Harlequin’ has red-tinged foliage,
are produced in summer. Z9–13 (min. spot where each pinna joins the midrib. speckled white. Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
41°F/5°C) Z6–8 their elegant appearance. Frost tender.
D. atrata of gardens. See D. cycadina. DUDLEYA Needs full light or partial shade and fertile,
DROSERA D. austriaca. See D. dilatata. well-drained soil. Water potted plants
D. borreri. See D. affinis. CRASSULACEAE moderately, much less when temperatures
Sundew D. carthusiana (Narrow buckler fern). are low. Propagate by seed in spring at not
Deciduous or semievergreen, creeping, Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial less than 79°F (26°C). Red spider mite may
DROSERACEAE rhizomatous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). succulents, closely related to Echeveria. be a nuisance.
Lance-shaped, much-divided, mid-green Frost tender. Needs full sun and very D. lutescens, syn. Areca lutescens of
Genus of evergreen or herbaceous, rosette- fronds, to 2ft (60cm) long, have triangular well-drained soil. Water sparingly when gardens, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
forming or scrambling, insectivorous to ovate pinnae. Z6–8 semidormant in midsummer. Propagate (Golden-feather palm, Yellow palm),
perennials, and some annuals. Grow in D. crassirhizoma (Thick-stemmed wood by seed or division in spring or summer. illus. p.452.
sun, in a mixture of peat and moss that is fern). Deciduous fern. H 3ft (90cm), S 28in D. brittonii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
not allowed to dry out. Propagate by seed (70cm). Has a short, sturdy rhizome succulent. H 8–24in (20–60cm) or more Dysosma. See Podophyllum. 569
or by division in spring. producing a “shuttlecock” of initially erect,
D. capensis (Cape sundew) illus. p.473.
D. spatulata illus. p.473.

ECCREMOCARPUS

E that become red-edged in fall. Leaves have florets and a central, dark brown cone, out E. asterias. See Astrophytum asterias.
short, white hairs. Bears red flowers from of which develop more, smaller ray florets. E. chilensis. See Eriosyce chilensis.
ECCREMOCARPUS winter to early summer. Z12–15 elton Knight (‘Elbrook’), H 2ft (60cm), E. eyriesii. See Echinopsis oxygona.
E. secunda illus. p.487. has a compact, bushy habit and produces E. grusonii (Golden barrel cactus,
Chilean glory flower E. setosa (Mexican firecracker). Basal- numerous flower heads with horizontal, Mother-in-law’s cushion). Slow-growing,
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 11⁄2in (4cm), bright pink ray florets and a central, hemispherical, perennial cactus. H to 2ft
BIGNONIACEAE S 1ft (30cm). Has long, narrow, mid-green purplish-red cone. ‘Fragrant Angel’ (60cm) S to 32in (80cm). Spined, green
leaves covered in short, thick, white hairs. (illus. p.221), H 3ft (1m), bears fragrant stem has 20–40 ribs. Woolly crown
Genus of evergreen or herbaceous, Bears cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers flower heads with overlapping, horizontal, bears a ring of straw-colored flowers
subshrubby, tendril, climbing perennials from late spring to summer. Prone to rot: white ray florets, sometimes green tinged, in summer, only on stems over 15in
grown for their flowers, which are borne do not water foliage. Z13–15 and a central, orange cone. ‘Green Jewel’ (38cm) wide. Z9–10 (min. 50°F/10°C)
over a long period. One species only is (syn. E. ‘Green Jewel’) H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft E. ingens. See E. platyacanthus.
commonly grown. In cold-winter regions, ECHINACEA (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves. In summer, E. myriostigma. See Astrophytum
treat as an annual. Grow in full sun and in upright stems bear soft-green flower heads myriostigma.
any well-drained soil. Propagate by seed Coneflower with rather short, overlapping ray florets E. ornatus. See Astrophytum ornatum.
in late winter or early spring. and a central, bright green cone. ‘Kim’s E. platyacanthus, syn. E. ingens. Slow-
E. scaber (Chilean glory flower, Glory ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Knee High’, H 2ft (60cm), has a compact growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus.
vine) illus. p.208. habit and produces abundant, small, warm H and S to 10ft (3m). Fresh green stem has
Genus of summer-flowering perennials pink flower heads with reflexed ray florets a woolly crown and 20–60 ribs. Funnel-
E ECHEVERIA grown for their daisylike blooms. Prefers and a central, dark bronze cone. ‘Kim’s shaped, yellow flowers, 11⁄4in (3cm) or
sun and humus-rich, moist but well-drained Mop Head’, H 20–24in (50–60cm), has a more across, are produced in summer only
570 CRASSULACEAE soil. Propagate by division or root cuttings compact habit and produces near- on plants over 16in (40cm) in diameter.
in fall. horizontal, white ray florets and a central, Z12–15 (min. 50°F/10°C)
Genus of evergreen, often rosetted E. angustifolia (illus. p.221). Clump- greenish-orange cone. ‘Magnus’ (illus. E. scheeri. See Sclerocactus scheeri.
succulents and evergreen, occasionally forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft p.221), H 3ft (1m), produces large, deep E. uncinatus. See Sclerocactus uncinatus.
deciduous subshrubs with long-lasting (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, hairy, purple flower heads with rather broad,
flowers. Leaves take on their brightest dark green leaves. In summer, upright overlapping, horizontal ray florets. ECHINOCEREUS
colors from fall to spring. Needs sun, good stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads ‘Razzmatazz’ (illus. p.221), H 3ft (90cm),
ventilation and very well-drained soil. with narrow, reflexed, pale pinkish-purple has soft pink flower heads, the central CACTACEAE
Propagate by seed as soon as ripe, stem or ray florets and a central, orange-brown cone of which develops into a rounded
leaf cuttings, division or offsets in spring. cone. Needs an open position. Z4–9 pompom of shorter, reddish-pink ray Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
E. agavoides. Basal-rosetted, perennial E. ‘Green Envy’. Clump-forming, erect florets. May need staking. ‘Robert cacti, freely branching with age, some with
succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 10in (25cm). Bloom’ illus. p.234. ‘Rubinstern’, tuberous rootstocks. Buds, formed inside
tapering, light green leaves, often with Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. H 32in (80cm), bears large, reddish-pink the spiny stems, burst through the skins to
reddish-brown margins. Produces cup- In summer, upright stems bear solitary, flowers with horizontal ray florets and produce long-lasting flowers, with reflexed
shaped, yellow-tipped, red flowers, daisylike, lime-green flower heads with a central, brownish-red cone. ‘Ruby petal tips and prominent, green stigmas,
5⁄8in (1.5cm) long, in summer. Z10–11 a central, greenish-purple cone and rather Giant’, H 34in (85cm), produces sturdy followed by pear-shaped, spiny seed pods.
E. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi. broad, overlapping ray florets, which are stems bearing rich pink flower heads with Frost tender; some species tolerate light
E. derenbergii. Clump-forming, pinkish-purple at the bases. Z4–9 a second row of ray florets; these are held frost if dry. Needs full sun and very well-
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 1ft E. ‘Green Jewel’. See E. purpurea at the horizontal, giving flowers an drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
(30cm). Produces a short-stemmed rosette ‘Green Jewel’. impression of greater size than selections cuttings in spring or summer.
or tuft of rounded, gray-green leaves. E. ‘Harvest Moon’ (illus. p.221). Clump- with drooping ray florets. ‘Sundown’ E. baileyi. See E. reichenbachii var. baileyi.
Flower stem, 4in (10cm) long, bears forming, erect perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), (illus. p.221), H 32in (80cm), has a variable E. cinerascens. Clump-forming cactus.
cup-shaped, yellow-and-red or orange S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green form and flower color, and bears usually H 4–24in (10–60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has up to
flowers from late winter to early summer. leaves. In summer, upright often branched overlapping, near-horizontal, warm orange 3in (7cm) wide stems, each with 5–12 ribs.
Offsets freely. Often used as a parent in stems bear daisylike flower heads with ray florets and a central, dark orange cone. Areoles each bear 8–15 yellowish-white
breeding. Z13–15 rather reflexed, orange-tinged, soft yellow ‘White Lustre’, H 4ft (1.2m), has lance- or red spines. Mature plants bear abundant,
E. elegans illus. p.484. ray florets and a central, greenish-yellow shaped leaves and produces strong stems trumpet-shaped, bright pink or purple
E. x fruticosa. See x Pachyveria glauca. cone. Z4–9 bearing white flower heads with a flowers, 21⁄2–4in (6–10cm) across, with
E. gibbiflora. Rosetted, perennial E. paradoxa (illus. p.221). Clump-forming prominent, central orange-brown cone. paler petal bases, in early summer. Z12–15
succulent. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm). perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm) or more. ‘White Swan’, H to 2ft (60cm), bears (min. 45°F/7°C)
Rosettes of spoon-shaped, pointed, wavy- Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark green rather reflexed, warm white ray florets E. leucanthus, syn. Wilcoxia albiflora,
margined, gray-green leaves, often tinged leaves. In summer, upright stems bear and a central, orange-brown cone. E. ‘Tiki illus. p.482.
red-brown, are stemless or borne on short solitary, daisylike, bright yellow flower Torch’. Clump-forming, erect perennial. E. pectinatus. Columnar cactus. H 14in
stems. Cup-shaped, pale red flowers, heads with drooping, long, slender ray H 28in (70cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance- (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Sometimes develops
yellow within, are borne on stems, 3ft (1m) florets and a central, dark brown cone. shaped, dark green leaves. In summer, sparsely branched, green stems with
long, from late summer to winter. Z13–15. Needs an open position. Z4–8 upright stems bear solitary, daisylike, 12–23 ribs and short, comblike spines,
var. metallica (syn. E.g. ‘Metallica’) has E. Pixie Meadowbrite (‘CBG Cone 2’). bright orange flower heads with a central, often variably colored. Trumpet-shaped,
white- or red-margined, purple-green Compact perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 1ft reddish-brown cone and rather reflexed pink, purple or yellow flowers, 3–5in
leaves that mature to green-bronze. (30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green ray florets, which are darkest at the bases. (7–12cm) across, with paler bases, are
E. harmsii, syn. Oliveranthus elegans. leaves. In summer, sturdy, well-branched Z4–9 borne in late spring to early summer.
Bushy, perennial succulent. H and S 1ft stems bear solitary, daisylike, bright pink E. ‘Tomato Soup’. Clump-forming, Z12–15 (min. 45°F/7°C)
(30cm). Erect stems are each crowned by a flower heads with horizontal ray florets erect perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 1ft (30cm). E. pentalophus, syn. E. procumbens,
21⁄2in (6cm) wide rosette of short, narrowly and a central, greenish-pink cone, which Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In illus. p.484.
lance-shaped, pale green, hairy leaves. matures to crimson. Z4–9 summer, upright stems bear daisylike, E. procumbens. See E. pentalophus.
In spring, bears urn-shaped, orange- E. purpurea, syn. Rudbeckia purpurea. fiery orange-red flower heads with ray E. reichenbachii. Variable, spherical to
tipped, red flowers, yellow within. Z13–15 Erect perennial. H 4ft (1.2m) or more, florets held more or less horizontally and columnar cactus. H to 14in (35cm), S 8in
E. montana. Rosetted, perennial succulent. S 1½ft (45cm) or more. Has ovate, hairy, a central, greenish-brown cone. Z4–9 (20cm). Slightly branched, multi-colored
H 1ft (30cm), S 4in (10cm). Spoon-shaped, red-tinted, green, basal leaves. From stem with up to 19 ribs has comblike spines,
pointed, waxy-bloomed, light green leaves midsummer to early fall, branching stems ECHINOCACTUS 5⁄8in (1.5cm) long. Trumpet-shaped, pink or
are produced in a small, short-stemmed, bear solitary, daisylike, purplish-red flower purple flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with
clustered rosette. Slender flower stem, heads with partly reflexed ray florets and CACTACEAE darker petal bases, are borne from spring
12–16in (30–40cm) long, bears cup-shaped, a central, golden brown cone. Best in an to early summer. Z13–15 (min. 41°F/5°C)
yellow to orange flowers in summer. Z13–15 open position. Z3–9. ‘Coconut Lime’ Genus of slow-growing, spherical, barrel- var. baileyi (syn. E. baileyi) illus. p.484.
E. pulvinata (Plush plant). Bushy, (illus. p.221), H to 2ft (60cm), has reflexed, shaped, or columnar, perennial cacti. E. schmollii, syn. Wilcoxia schmollii
perennial succulent. H 1ft (30cm), S 20in white ray florets and a central cone that Frost tender; lower temperatures cause (Lamb’s-tail cactus), illus. p.492.
(50cm). Has brown-haired stems topped develops into a rounded pompom of shorter, yellow patches on E. grusonii. Requires E. triglochidiatus. Very variable, simple,
by a rosette of thick, rounded, green leaves green florets forming a shuttlecock-shaped full sun and very well-drained soil. erect or clump-forming, perennial cactus.
head. Doppelganger see E.p. Yellow-flowered species are easy to grow. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has a short,
‘Doubledecker’. ‘Doubledecker’ (syn. E.p. Propagate by seed in spring. thick, dark green stem with 3–16 spines,
Doppelganger; illus. p.221),
H 3ft (1m), has reflexed, magenta-pink ray

ELSHOLTZIA

each to 1in (25cm) long, per areole. From 31⁄2in (9cm) across, with 8–13 ribs. Curved, EDRAIANTHUS flowers from mid- to late fall. Z6–10. ‘Gilt E
spring to early summer, bears funnel- dark spines, 3⁄4in (2cm) long, later turn Edge’ has eaves with golden-yellow
shaped, bright red flowers, 3in (7cm) across, pale. Has tubular, white to pink flowers Grassy bells margins. ‘Limelight’ illus. p.139.
with prominent, red stamens and green in spring–summer. Z13–15 E. umbellata illus. p.113.
stigmas. Z11–12. (min. 45°F/7°C) var. E. spachiana, syn. Cereus spachianus, CAMPANULACEAE
paucispinus illus. p.496. Trichocereus spachianus (Torch cactus), ELAEOCARPUS
illus. p.492. Genus of short-lived perennials, some
Echinofossulocactus. See Stenocactus. evergreen; sometimes included in ELAEOCARPACEAE
Echinomastus macdowellii. See Echioides longiflorum. See Arnebia Wahlenbergia. In winter, a small bud is
pulchra. just visible from each rootstock. In spring, Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer-
Thelocactus macdowellii. prostrate stems radiate to bear leaves and flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
ECHIUM flowers. Suitable for rock gardens, screes their flowers and foliage. Requires full sun
ECHINOPS and troughs. Needs sun and well-drained or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
BORAGINACEAE soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings from but not dry soil. Water containerized
Globe thistle side shoots in early summer or by seed in plants freely when in growth, less in
Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs, fall. winter. Current season’s growth may be
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE biennials and perennials, grown for their E. dalmaticus. Upright, then arching cut back in winter. Propagate by seed
flowers, borne mainly in summer. Requires perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Water narrowly lance-shaped, pale green leaves summer. Red spider mite and whitefly
grown for their globelike, spiky flower containerized specimens freely in summer, and, in early summer, terminal clusters of may cause problems.
heads. Does best in full sun and in poor moderately at other times. Propagate by bell-shaped, violet-blue flowers, 1in (25cm) E. cyaneus, syn. E. reticulatus (Blueberry
soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall, seed in spring or by greenwood or across. Z8–9 ash). Evergreen, rounded shrub or tree.
or by root cuttings in winter. Flower heads semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly may E. pumilio, syn. Wahlenbergia pumilo, H and S 10ft (3m), sometimes to 40ft (12m)
dry well. sometimes be troublesome. tAll parts illus. p.368. or more. Frost tender. Bears elliptic to
E. bannaticus. Upright, clump-forming may cause mild stomach upset if ingested; E. serpyllifolius, syn. Wahlenbergia lance-shaped, toothed, lustrous leaves and,
perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). contact with the foliage may irritate skin. serpyllifolia, illus. p.367. ‘Major’ is an in summer, bell-shaped, fringed, white
Has narrow, deeply cut leaves and pale to E. bourgaeanum. See E. wildpretii. evergreen, prostrate perennial. H 1⁄2in flowers, and globular, blue fruits in fall.
mid-blue heads of spherical flowers, borne (1cm), S to 2in (5cm). Produces tight mats Z14–15 (min. 41°F/5°C)
on branching stems in late summer.Z5–9. E. candicans, syn. E. fastuosum of tiny, ovate, dark green leaves and bell- E. reticulatus. See E. cyaneus.
‘Taplow Blue’ illus p. 241. shaped, deep violet flowers, 5⁄8in (1.5cm)
E. ritro ‘Veitch’s Blue’. Upright (Pride of Madeira). Open, usually across, on very short stems, in early ELEOCHARIS
perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 18in (45cm). rounded, woody-based biennial. H 5–8ft summer. Needs a sheltered site. Seldom
Sharply divided, dark green leaves are (1.5–2.5m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has rosettes sets seed. Z4–9 CYPERACEAE
downy beneath. Round, thistlelike, of lance-shaped, white-downy leaves,
purplish-blue heads of flowers are borne 6–10in (15–25cm) long. Narrowly funnel- EHRETIA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
on silvery stems in late summer. Z3–9 shaped, white, blue-white, or deep purple- and SEDGES.
E. sphaerocephalus. Massive, bushy blue flowers, are borne in dense flower BORAGINACEAE E. acicularis (Needle spike-rush).
perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has deeply spikes, to 1ft (30cm) long, from spring Evergreen, rhizomatous, perennial sedge.
cut, mid-green leaves, pale gray beneath. to summer. Z10–11 (min. 41–45°F/5–7°C) Genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Basal, mid-
Gray stems bear round, grayish-white and trees, grown for their foliage and green leaves are very narrow. Hairless,
flower heads in mid- to late summer. E. fastuosum see E. candicans. star-shaped flowers. Susceptible to frost unbranched, square stems bear solitary
Z3–9 damage when young. Requires sun tiny brown spikelets in summer. Z9–11
E. pininana, syn. E. pinnifolium. Biennial or semishade and fertile, well-drained
ECHINOPSIS or short-lived perennial. H to 12ft (4m), soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings ELEUTHEROCOCCUS
S 3ft (90cm). Rosettes have lance-shaped, in summer.
syn. LOBIVIA, TRICHOCEREUS silver-hairy leaves, to 3in (7cm) long. Each E. dicksonii illus. p.88. syn. ACANTHOPANAX
rosette bears a 5–12ft (1.5–4m) long spike
CACTACEAE of funnel-shaped, blue flowers with large ELAEAGNUS ARALIACEAE
bracts in mid- and late summer. Z8–11.
Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial ‘Snow Tower’ has white flowers. ELAEAGNACEAE Genus of deciduous shrubs, trees, and
cacti, mostly freely branching; sometimes sometimes climbers, grown for their
held to include Trichocereus. Requires full E. pinnifolium. See E. pininana. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs foliage and fruits. Produces tiny, usually
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by and trees, grown for their foliage and gree nish-white flowers. Prefers full sun
seed or offsets in spring or summer. E. vulgare (Viper’s bugloss). Moderately small, usually fragrant flowers, and and needs well-drained soil. Propagate
E. aurea, syn. Lobivia aurea, L. cylindrica, fast-growing, erect, bushy annual or ornamental fruits. Evergreens provide by seed in spring or by root cuttings in
Pseudolobivia aurea, illus p.495. biennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has good shelter belts or hedging, particularly late winter.
E. backebergii, syn. Lobivia backebergii, lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Spikes of in coastal areas. Most evergreen species E. sieboldianus, syn. Acanthopanax
illus. p.491. tubular flowers, in white, pink, blue or thrive in sun or shade, but silver-leaved sieboldianus, illus. p.138.
E. candicans, syn. Trichocereus purple, are produced in summer. Z3–8 and deciduous species prefer full sun.
candicans, illus. p.492. E. wildpretii, syn. E. bourgaeanum. Requires fertile, well-drained soil. Trim Elliottia paniculata. See Tripetaleia
E. chamaecereus, syn. Cereus silvestrii, Evergreen, woody-stemmed, unbranched, hedges in late summer. Propagate by seed paniculata.
Chamaecereus silvestrii, Lobivia silvestrii erect, biennial or short-lived perennial in fall, evergreen forms also by semiripe
(Peanut cactus), illus. p.486. that dies after fruiting. H 8ft (2.5m) or cuttings in summer, deciduous forms by ELSHOLTZIA
E. cinnabarina, syn. Lobivia cinnabarina. more, S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly lance-shaped, softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 6in silver-haired leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, form E. angustifolia (Oleaster) illus. p.116. LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE
(15cm). Glossy, dark green stem has about a dense rosette. Has compact spires, 3–5ft E. x ebbingei. See E. x submacrophylla.
20 warty ribs and mostly curved, dark (1–1.5m) long, of small, funnel-shaped, E. macrophylla. Evergreen, bushy, Genus of annuals, perennials and semi-
spines. In summer bears funnel-shaped to red flowers in late spring and early dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Broadly evergreen or deciduous shrubs and
flattish, carmine-red flowers, 3in (8cm) summer. Z9–10 ovate leaves are silvery-gray when young, subshrubs, grown for their flowers.
across. Z13–15 becoming glossy and dark green above, Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained
E. eyriesii. See E. oxygona. EDGEWORTHIA but remaining silvery-gray beneath, when soil. Cut back old shoots hard in early
E. lageniformis, syn. Trichocereus mature. Fragrant, bell-shaped, creamy- spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
bridgesii, illus. p.489. Paper bush yellow flowers, silvery outside, are borne summer.
E. marsoneri, syn. Lobivia haageana, from mid- to late fall, followed by egg- E. stauntonii. Deciduous, open subshrub.
illus. p.491. THYMELAEACEAE shaped, red fruits. Z7–9 H and S 5ft (1.5m). Sharply toothed, mint-
E. multiplex. See E. oxygona. E. pungens ‘Maculata’, syn. E. pungens scented, dark green leaves turn red in fall.
E. oxygona, syn. E. eyriesii, E. multiplex, Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.119. Slender spires of pale purple blooms are
Echinocactus eyriesii, illus. p.481. grown for their flowers in late winter and E. x submacrophylla, syn. E. x ebbingei. produced in late summer–fall. Z5–8
E. pentlandii, syn. Lobivia pentlandii, early spring. Flowers are susceptible to Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
illus. p.491. frost. Best grown against a south- or west- S 15ft (5m). Has oblong to ovate, glossy, Elymus arenarius. See Leymus 571
E. rhodotricha. Spherical to columnar, facing wall in most areas. Requires full sun dark green leaves, silvery beneath. Bears arenarius.
perennial cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm). and well-drained soil. Dislikes being fragrant, bell-shaped, silvery-white
Produces branching, dark green stems, transplanted. Take semiripe cuttings in
summer or propagate by seed in fall.
E. chrysantha, syn. E. papyrifera, illus.
p.126.
E. papyrifera. See E. chrysantha.

EMBOTHRIUM

EMBOTHRIUM E. campanulatus illus. p.111. leaves. Propagate by division in spring. EPIMEDIUM
E. cernuus f. rubens illus. p.123. Z14–15 (min. 55°F/13°C, max. 86°F/30°C)
Chilean fire bush E. perulatus illus. p.120. E. ibaguense, syn. E. radicans. Barrenwort
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
PROTEACEAE ENSETE greenhouse. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). BERBERIDACEAE
Bears a constant succession of feathery-
Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their MUSACEAE lipped, deep red blooms, 11⁄2in (4cm) Genus of spring-flowering perennials,
flowers. Needs semishade and moist but across. Leaves, 6in (15cm) long, are ovate some of which are evergreen. Flowers
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for and rigid. Grow in semishade in summer. are mainly saucer- to cup-shaped with
Propagate by suckers in spring or fall their bananalike foliage and fruits (though Propagate by tip cuttings in spring. Z14 long or short spurs. Provides good
or by seed in fall. fruits are unpalatable). Their false stems, (min. 55°F/13°C, max. 86°F/30°C) groundcover. Does best in partial shade
E. coccineum (Chilean fire bush) illus. made of overlapping leaf sheaths, die after E. radicans. See E. ibaguense. and humus-rich, moist but well-drained
p.86. flowering. Frost tender. Grow in sun or soil. Cut back just before new growth
partial shade and humus-rich soil. Sow EPIGAEA emerges in spring. Propagate by division
EMILIA seed in spring or divide year-round. in spring or fall.
E. ventricosum, syn. Musa arnoldiana, syn. ORPHANIDESIA E. alpinum. Deciduous, clump-forming
Tassel flower M. ensete (Abyssinian banana, Ethiopian perennial. H 9in (23cm), S to 1ft (30cm).
banana), illus. p.474. ERICACEAE Racemes of pendent, short-spurred flowers,
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE with crimson sepals and yellow petals, are
EOMECON Genus of evergreen, prostrate, spring- borne in spring. Finely toothed, divided
Genus of annuals with flowers that are flowering shrubs and subshrubs. Needs leaves have ovate, angled, glossy, mid-
good for cutting. Ideal for hot, dry areas Snow poppy shade and humus-rich, moist, acidic soil. green leaflets, bronze when young. Z4–9
and coastal soils. Requires sun and very Most are difficult to cultivate. Propagate E. ‘Amber Queen’ illus. p.263.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown PAPAVERACEAE by seed in spring or by softwood cuttings E. davidii. Vigorous, evergreen, ground-
under glass in spring, or sown outdoors in in early summer. cover perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm).
late spring. Genus of one species of rhizomatous E. asiatica. Creeping, stem-rooting Dainty, mid-green leaves are tinged bronze
E. coccinea, syn. E. flammea, E. javanica perennial, grown for its nodding, subshrub. H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm). when young and divided into rounded,
of gardens (Flora’s paintbrush), illus. poppylike flowers. Use as groundcover, Stems and heart-shaped, deep green heart-shaped, toothed leaflets. Bears
p.327. in a shrub border or large rock garden. leaves are covered with brown hairs. clusters of pendent, long-spurred, butter-
E. flammea. See E. coccinea. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Bears clusters of 3–6 tiny, slightly fragrant, yellow flowers in spring. Z5–9
E. javanica of gardens. See E. coccinea. Propagate by seed or runners in spring. tubular- to bell-shaped, white or pink E. epsteinii illus. p.260.
E. chionantha. Vigorous, spreading flowers in spring. Z5–7 E. grandiflorum, syn. E. macranthum.
EMMENOPTERYS perennial. H to 16in (40cm), S indefinite. E. gaultherioides, syn. Orphanidesia Clump-forming perennial. H and S 1ft
Leaves are large, gray, and heart- to gaultherioides, illus. p.351. (30cm). Has heart-shaped, light green
RUBIACEAE kidney- or arrow-shaped. Erect stems E. repens (Mayflower, Trailing arbutus). leaves, divided into ovate leaflets, flushed
bear long panicles of small, poppylike, Creeping subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 1ft bronze when young. Bears racemes of
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their white summer flowers. Z7–9 (30cm). Hairy stems, bearing heart- pendent, long-spurred, white, yellow, pink
foliage; flowers are only produced in hot shaped, leathery leaves, root at intervals. or purple flowers, in spring. Z4–8.
summers. Young plants may be damaged EPACRIS In spring, produces terminal clusters of ‘Crimson Beauty’ has copper marks on
by late frost. Needs full sun and deep, 4–6 cup-shaped, white flowers, sometimes young leaves and copper-crimson flowers.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE flushed pink. Relatively easy to grow. Z3–9 ‘Rose Queen’ has wiry stems bearing
softwood cuttings in summer. clusters of cup-shaped, deep pink flowers,
Genus of evergreen, heatherlike shrubs, EPILOBIUM with white-tipped spurs. f. violaceum has
E E. henryi illus. p.75. grown for their flowers. Needs full sun young leaves that are flushed bronze and
and humus-rich, well-drained, neutral to Willow herb produces purple-and-white flowers.
ENCEPHALARTOS acidic soil. Water potted plants moderately E. macranthum. See E. grandiflorum.
when in full growth, less at other times. ONAGRACEAE E. x perralchicum. Evergreen, carpeting
ZAMIACEAE Cut back flowered stems after flowering perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 2ft (60cm).
to maintain a neat habit. Propagate by Genus of annuals, biennials, deciduous or Short spires of pendent, yellow flowers,
Genus of evergreen cycads, some palmlike, seed in spring or semiripe cuttings in semievergreen, sometimes stoloniferous, with short spurs, are borne in spring.
other with a short or buried stem. Frost late summer. perennials and semievergreen subshrubs, Leaves, divided into rounded to ovate
tender. Needs full sun and well-drained E. impressa (Common Australian heath) grown for their deep pink to white flowers leaflets, are dark green. Z5–8
soil. Water containerized plants moderately illus. p.455. in summer. Useful on dry banks; but many E. perralderianum. Semievergreen,
when in full growth, less at other times. species are invasive. Tolerates sun or carpeting perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft
Propagate by seed in spring. EPHEDRA shade and prefers moist but well-drained (60cm). Clusters of small, pendent, short-
E. ferox illus. p.457. soil. Propagate species by seed in fall, spurred, bright yellow flowers are borne
E. longifolius (Suurberg cycad). Slow- EPHEDRACEAE selected forms in spring by softwood in spring. Produces large, toothed, glossy,
growing, palmlike cycad, sometimes cuttings from side-shoots. deep green leaves, divided into rounded
branched with age. H 10ft (3m) or more, Genus of evergreen shrubs, occasionally E. angustifolium f. leucanthum. See to ovate leaflets. Z5–8
S 5–12ft (1.5–3.5m). Has feather-shaped climbers, grown for their habit and green Chamaenerion angustifolium ‘Album’. E. pinnatum subsp. colchicum.
leaves, each 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m) long, shoots. Provides good groundcover in dry E. californicum. See Zauschneria Evergreen, carpeting perennial. H and
divided into narrowly lance-shaped to soil. Grow male and female plants together californica. S 1ft (30cm). In spring, bears clusters of
ovate, blue-green leaflets, usually with in order to obtain fruits. Requires full sun E. canum. See Zauschneria californica small, pendent, bright yellow flowers,
hook-tipped teeth. Conelike, brown and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed subsp. cana. with short spurs, above dark green leaves,
flower heads are borne intermittently. in fall or division in fall or spring. E. chlorifolium var. kaikourense. hairy when young, divided into ovate
Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C) E. gerardiana. Evergreen, spreading Clump-forming, deciduous, woody-based leaflets. Z5–9
shrub with slender, erect, rushlike, green perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has E. pubigerum. Evergreen, clump-
Encyclia cochleata. See Prosthechea shoots. H 2ft (60cm), S 10ft (3m). Leaves persistent, ovate, hairy, bronze and dark forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
cochleata. and flowers are inconspicuous. Bears green leaves. In summer, bears short Grown for its dense, smooth, heart-
small, spherical, red fruits. Z5–9 spikes of funnel-shaped, white to pink shaped, divided foliage and clusters of
Encyclia radiata. See Prosthechea flowers. Z4–6 cup-shaped, creamy-white, sometimes
radiata. EPIDENDRUM E. glabellum of gardens illus. p.360. yellowish-white, flowers in spring.
E. obcordatum. Clump-forming perennial. Z5–9
Endymion. See Hyacinthoides. ORCHIDACEAE H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Ovate leaves are E. x rubrum illus. p.260.
glossy green. Spikes of open cup-shaped, E. x versicolor. Evergreen, clump-
572 ENKIANTHUS See also ORCHIDS. deep rose-pink flowers are borne in forming perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm).
summer. Good for a rock garden or alpine Small, pendent clusters of yellow flowers,
ERICACEAE E. difforme. Evergreen, epiphytic house. Requires a sheltered position and with long, red-tinged spurs, are produced
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. full sun. In cultivation may not retain in spring. Heart-shaped, fresh green
Genus of mainly deciduous, sometimes H 14in (35cm), S 1ft (30cm). Large heads character, especially in mild climates.
semievergreen, spring-flowering shrubs of semitranslucent, greenish flowers, Z5–8
and trees, grown for their abundant, 1⁄4in (0.5cm) across, open in fall. Has E. septentrionale. See Zauschneria
small, bell- or urn-shaped flowers and ovate, rigid leaves, to 41⁄2in (11cm) long. septentrionalis.
their fall color. Needs sun or semishade Requires shade in summer. Avoid
and moist, peaty, acidic soil. Propagate spraying, which can cause spotting of
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

ERICA

leaves are divided into ovate leaflets that ‘Metallica’ is an evergreen, creeping flowering while still in leaf. tAll parts ERICA E
are tinted reddish-purple. Z5–9. perennial. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
‘Neosulfureum’ illus. p.262. ovate, downy, wrinkled leaves, tinged pink and contact with the sap may irritate skin. Heath 573
to copper and with broad, silvery bands E. hyemalis (Winter aconite) illus. p.429.
E. x warleyense illus. p.263. along midribs. Funnel-shaped, orange-red Tubergenii Group ‘Guinea Gold’ (syn. ERICACEAE
E. x youngianum ‘Niveum’ illus. p.254. flowers, marked yellow within, are borne E. x tubergenii ‘Guinea Gold’) is a late
intermittently. ‘Tropical Topaz’ has winter- or early spring-flowering, tuberous See also HEATHERS.
EPIPHYLLUM yellow flowers and pale green leaves. perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 11⁄2–21⁄2in Genus of c. 800 species of evergreen
Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) (4–6cm). Each stem bears a stalkless, deep subshrubs, shrubs and small trees with
Orchid cactus E. dianthiflora, syn. Alsobia dianthiflora golden-yellow flower, 11⁄4–11⁄2in (3–4cm) usually small, needle-shaped or oblong
(Lace flower), illus. p.465. across, surrounded by a bronze-green bract, leaves, grown for their funnel-, bell- or
CACTACEAE E. lilacina. Evergreen, low-growing, cut into narrow lobes. Rounded leaves urn-shaped to round or tubular flowers.
terrestrial or epiphytic perennial, with have finger-shaped lobes. Z4–9 Most require acidic, well-drained soil, but
Genus of mostly epiphytic, perennial cacti runners bearing plantlets. H 4in (10cm), E. x tubergenii ‘Guinea Gold’. See species have a wide range of preferences
with strap-shaped, flattened, green stems S indefinite. Has ovate, hairy, pale green E. hyemalis Tubergenii Group ‘Guinea from wet and peaty to hot, sandy soil.
that have notched edges. Flowers are leaves, to 3in (8cm) long. Bears funnel- Gold’. They tolerate fire; seeds germinate best
produced at notches. Frost tender. Grow shaped, white flowers, tinged mauve and after a fire.
in sun or partial shade and in rich, well- with yellow eyes, in small clusters from fall ERCILLA E. andevalensis. Twiggy, erect shrub.
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings to spring. Z11–12. (min. 59°F/15°C) Leaves H to 6ft (2m), S to 26in (65cm). Produces
in spring or summer. of ‘Cuprea’ are bronze-tinged. PHYTOLACCACEAE narrow, ovate, mid-green leaves in whorls
E. ackermannii. See Disocactus of 4 or 5, and umbels of urn-shaped, pink,
ackermannii. EPITHELANTHA Genus of evergreen root climbers, grown or white flowers from late summer to fall.
E. anguliger (Fishbone cactus) illus. p.494. for their neat, green leaves and green and Needs well-drained soil. Z6–10. ‘Blanco
E. crenatum. Erect, then pendent, CACTACEAE purple flower spikes. Grow in sun or partial de Odiel’ has white flowers.
semiepiphytic cactus. H and S 10ft (3m). Genus of very slow-growing, spherical, shade and in any well-drained soil. Prune E. arborea (Tree heath). Upright shrub
Has a flattened stem. Produces lightly perennial cacti densely covered with very after flowering, if required. Propagate by or treelike heath. H 20ft (6m), S 5ft (1.5m).
perfumed, funnel-shaped, broad-petaled, short spines. Frost tender. Needs full sun stem cuttings in late summer or fall. Liable to damage from frost and cold
white flowers, 8in (20cm) across, in and well-drained soil; prone to rotting if E. spicata. See E. volubilis. winds. Has needlelike, bright green leaves
spring–summer. Often used as a parent for overwatered. Propagate by grafting, seed E. volubilis, syn. Bridgesia spicata, in whorls of 3 or 4 and bears scented, bell-
breeding. Z11–12 (min. 50–59°F/10–15°C) or stem cuttings in spring or summer. E. spicata, illus. p.192. shaped, white flowers from late winter to
E. laui illus. p.482. E. micromeris illus. p.493. late spring. May tolerate slightly alkaline
E. oxypetalum. Erect, then pendent, EREMURUS soil. Z9–10. ‘Albert’s Gold’, H 6ft (2m),
epiphytic cactus. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). ERAGROSTIS retains its golden foliage year-round.
Produces freely branching, flattened Desert candle, Foxtail lily ‘Alpina’ (syn. E.a. var. alpina; illus. p.166)
stems, 5in (12cm) across. In spring– Love grass has vivid green foliage and compact
summer, bears nocturnal, tubular, white ASPHODELACEAE/LILIACEAE racemes of white flowers. May be pruned
flowers, 10in (25cm) long. A good POACEAE/GRAMINEAE hard to keep its shape and to encourage
houseplant. Z11–12 (min. 50–59°F/10–15°C) Genus of perennials with fleshy, fingerlike new growth. var. alpina see E.a. ‘Alpina’.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, roots, grown for their stately spires of E. australis (Spanish heath). Erect shrub.
EPIPREMNUM and SEDGES. shallowly cup-shaped flowers in summer. H to 7ft (2.2m), S 3ft (1m). Stems may be
E. curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’ illus. Needs a sunny, warm position and well- damaged by snow and wind. Has
ARACEAE p.285. drained soil. Tends to come into growth needlelike leaves in whorls of 4 and
very early, and young shoots may be tubular to bell-shaped, white or purplish-
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, ERANTHEMUM frosted. Cover with dry bracken in late pink flowers, mostly in clusters of 4, in
root-clinging climbers, grown for their winter to protect the crowns when shoots spring. May tolerate slightly alkaline soil.
handsome leaves. Frost tender. Grow in ACANTHACEAE are first developing. Stake tall species and Z9–10. f. albiflora ‘Mr. Robert’ has
light shade away from direct sun; any well- hybrids. Propagate by division in spring white flowers. ‘Riverslea’ has bright
drained, moisture-retentive soil is suitable. Genus of woody-based perennials and or early fall or by seed in fall. purple-pink flowers.
Water regularly, less in cold weather. evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers. E. himalaicus. Upright perennial. H 6–7ft E. baccans (Berry heath). Erect shrub.
Stems need good supports. Remove shoot Frost tender. Requires full light or partial (2–2m), S 3ft (1m). Has strap-shaped, bright H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Light green leaves
tips to induce branching at any time. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water green basal leaves. In early summer, tall are needle-shaped, in whorls of 4. Bears
Propagate by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings containerized plants freely when in full stems bear dense racemes of open cup- profuse, small, pink, almost globular
in late spring or by layering in summer. growth, moderately at other times. In shaped, pure white blooms with long flowers in whorls of 4 at shoot tips in
tAll parts may cause severe discomfort spring or after flowering, remove at least stamens. Z5–8 spring; sepals are distinctly keeled.
if ingested, and contact with the sap of half of each spent flowering stem to E. x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’ illus. p.220. Requires well-drained, acidic soil.
E. aureum may irritate skin. encourage a bushier habit. Propagate by Z5–8. Shelford Hybrids are perennials Z8–11
E. aureum ‘Marble Queen’, syn. softwood cuttings in late spring. Whitefly of varying habit and flower color. H 5ft E. canaliculata (Channeled heath). Erect
E. pinnatum ‘Aureum’ of gardens, may be a nuisance. (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Long racemes of shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces
Scindapsus aureus ‘Marble Queen’ (Devil’s E. atropurpureum. See orange, buff, pink or white flowers are dark green, needle-shaped leaves in
ivy), illus. p.460. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum. borne freely in midsummer. Leaves are whorls of 3. Small, cup-shaped, pink or
E. pictum ‘Argyraeum’. See Scindapsus E. nervosum. See E. pulchellum. strap-shaped, in basal rosettes. white flowers, with dark brown, almost
pictus ‘Argyraeus’. E. pulchellum, syn. E. nervosum (Blue E. robustus illus. p.216. black anthers, are borne in winter (under
E. pinnatum ‘Aureum’ of gardens. See sage). Evergreen, erect shrub. H 3–4ft E. spectabilis. Erect perennial. H 4ft glass) or early spring (in the open).
E. aureum ‘Marble Queen’. (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has elliptic (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears long racemes of Requires acidic soil. Z9–10
to ovate, prominently veined, deep green pale yellow flowers, with brick-red anthers, E. carnea, syn. E. herbacea (Alpine heath,
EPISCIA leaves. Bears blue flowers, each with a in early summer. Leaves are strap-shaped, Winter heath). Spreading shrub. H to 1ft
11⁄4in (3cm) long tube and rounded petal in basal rosettes. Z7–9 (30cm), S to 18in (45cm) or more. Produces
syn. ALSOBIA lobes, in winter–spring. Z13–15 (min. needlelike, mid- to dark green leaves. Bell-
Carpet plant, Flame violet 55°F/13°C) ERIA shaped to tubular, pink, mauve, or white
flowers, usually with prominent, colored
GESNERIACEAE ERANTHIS ORCHIDACEAE sepals, open from early winter to late
spring. Tolerates lime and some shade.
Genus of evergreen, low-growing and Winter aconite See also ORCHIDS. Provides good groundcover. Z5–7.
creeping, epiphytic or terrestrial, E. coronaria, syn. Trichosma suavis. ‘Adrienne Duncan’ has dark green
stoloniferous perennials, grown for their RANUNCULACEAE Evergreen, terrestrial or epiphytic orchid foliage tinged with bronze, and purple-
ornamental leaves and colorful flowers. for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Sprays pink flowers from midwinter to midspring.
Useful as groundcover or in hanging Genus of small clump-forming perennials, of fragrant, creamy-white flowers, 1⁄2in ‘Ann Sparkes’ (illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm),
baskets. Frost tender. Requires high with knobbly tubers, grown for their cup- (1cm) across, with red- and yellow-marked has golden foliage, turning to bronze in
humidity, a shaded site and humus-rich, shaped flowers surrounded by leaflike lips, are borne in fall. Broadly ovate, winter, and produces rose-pink flowers.
well-drained soil. Keep well watered, but ruffs of bracts. Prefers partial shade and glossy leaves, are 4in (10cm) long. Needs ‘Cecilia M. Beale’, H 6in (15cm), bears
avoid waterlogging. Propagate in summer humus-rich soil, well-drained but not semishade in summer and moist compost
by stem cuttings, division or removing drying out excessively. Dies down in year-round. Z6–8 (min. 50°F/10°C, max.
rooted runners. summer. Propagate by seed in fall or by 86°F/30°C)
E. cupreata (Flame violet) illus. p.471. division of clumps immediately after

ERICA

E an abundance of white flowers from fall. ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’ has dark gray-green produces large magenta flowers in showy, shrub. H 20–36in (50–100cm). Leaves are
midwinter to early spring. ‘Challenger’ foliage and clear red flowers. ‘Ram’ is broad racemes. ‘Moonshine’ is bushy needle-shaped, to 1⁄2in (10mm), in whorls
574 (illus. p.166) has magenta flowers, with compact, with yellowish green foliage and with bright yellow foliage year-round, and of 4 to 6. Orange-red, purple, dark red,
deep pink sepals, set against dark green magenta flowers. ‘White Wings’, a sport shell-pink flowers that darken to pink. pink, greenish cream or white, hairless
leaves. ‘Eva’ is compact, with dark green of ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’, has dark gray-green ‘Spring Surprise’, H 18in (45cm), is flowers,5⁄8–3⁄4in (15–20mm) long, are
foliage turning bronze in winter, and bears foliage and white flowers. broad, upright, with dark green foliage tubular, inflated around the middle and
light red flowers in late winter. E. cinerea (Bell heather). Bushy, compact and dark rose-pink flowers. constricted at the mouth. Flowers open
‘Foxhollow’, a vigorous, spreading shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). ‘White Perfection’ (illus. p.166) has bright in dense, spikelike flower heads toward
cultivar, has foliage that is golden-yellow Has needlelike, mid- to deep green leaves green foliage and produces white flowers. the shoot tips, mainly in summer and
in summer, with orange shoot tips in and bears urn- to bell-shaped flowers in E. discolor complex including E. speciosa fall. Needs acidic, well-drained soil and
spring, and a few pale pink flowers. shades of pink and dark red, occasionally (Two-color heath). Very variable, erect, a sunny position. Z8–11
‘Golden Starlet’ (illus. p.166), H 6in white, from early summer to early fall. multi- or single-stemmed shrub, growth E. manipuliflora (Whorled heath). Erect,
(15cm), S 16in (40cm), has lime-green Prefers a warm, well-drained position and often continuing beyond flowers. H 2–5ft spreading or prostrate shrub. H to 6ft (2m),
foliage that turns a glowing yellow in requires acidic soil. Z6–8. ‘Atropurpurea’ (0.6m–1.5m). Very small leaves in whorls S to 3ft (1m). Leaves are needlelike and
summer, and white flowers. ‘Hilletje’ is has deep purple flowers in long racemes. of 3 or 4 are linear, erect or spreading. mid-green. Urn- to bell-shaped, mauve or
compact, with golden green foliage ‘C.D. Eason’ (illus. p.166) has distinctive, Tubular, long, dark pink to red or orange- pink flowers with prominent, dark anthers,
turning orange in winter, and dark lilac- dark green foliage and bright red flowers. red flowers, usually with pale green, white, often noticeably scented, open from
pink flowers deepening to heliotrope. ‘Ice ‘Cevennes’ is upright in habit and bears a or yellow lobes, open in spring; anthers midsummer to late fall. Tolerates lime.
Princess’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in (35cm), has profusion of mauve flowers. ‘C.G. Best’ have awns. Requires acidic, well-drained Z6–10. ‘Aldeburgh’, H 3ft (1m), S to 3ft
erect, white flowers and bright green has mid-green foliage and rose-pink soil. Z8–11 (1m), is erect, with lilac-pink flowers;
foliage. ‘Isabell’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in flowers. ‘Domino’ produces white flowers E. erigena, syn. E. hibernica, E. forms a neat hedge. ‘Bert Jones’, H 3ft
(35cm), has large, white flowers on bright that contrast with dark brown stems and mediterranea (Irish heath, Mediterranean (1m), has very long, slender spikes of
green foliage, and an erect but spreading sepals and almost black stigmas. ‘Eden heath). Upright shrub. H to 8ft (2.5m), palest pink flowers.
habit. ‘Loughrigg’, H 6in (15cm), Valley’ (illus. p.166), H 8in (20cm), bears S to 3ft (1m). Top growth may be damaged E. mediterranea. See E. erigena.
produces dark purplish-red flowers from white flowers with lavender-mauve tips. in severe weather, but plant recovers well E. pageana. Bushy shrub. H to 2ft (60cm),
late winter to spring. ‘Myretoun Ruby’, ‘Fiddler’s Gold’, H 10in (25cm), has from the base. Has needlelike, mid-green S 1ft (30cm). Has needlelike, mid-green
H 8in (20cm), is vigorous but compact with golden-yellow foliage, deepening to red leaves and, usually, bell-shaped, mauve- leaves and, from late spring to early
brilliant deep purple-red flowers in late in winter, and lilac-pink flowers. ‘Golden pink flowers from early winter to late summer, tubular to bell-shaped, rich
winter and early spring. ‘Nathalie’, H 6in Hue’, H 14in (35cm), has amethyst flowers spring. Tolerates lime. Flowers of some yellow flowers. Z10
(15cm), S 16in (40cm), has bright, dark set on pale yellow foliage, tipped orange cultivars have a pronounced scent of E. perspicua (Prince of Wales heath).
purple flowers, neat, dark green foliage in winter. honey. Z8–9. ‘Brian Proudley’ (illus. Variable, evergreen shrub. H to 6ft (2m),
and a compact, upright habit. ‘Pink ‘Lime Soda’, H 14in (35cm), bears soft p.166), H 3ft (90cm), S 16in (40cm), is a S 3ft (1m). Has needlelike, overlapping,
Spangles’, H 6in (15cm), is vigorous with lavender flowers in profusion on lime- vigorous, erect cultivar with bright green gray-green leaves and, mainly from early
flowers that have shell-pink sepals and green foliage. ‘Pentreath’ has rich purple leaves and long sprays of white flowers fall to winter, tubular flowers in white,
deeper pink corollas. flowers. ‘Pink Ice’, H 8in (20cm), is borne from late fall to midspring. ‘Golden pink-and-white, red-and-white, purple-
‘R.B. Cooke’, H 8in (20cm), bears clear compact with soft pink flowers. Jubilee’, H to 3ft (1m), has golden foliage and-white or red. Needs damp (but not
pink flowers from early winter to early ‘P.S. Patrick’ is a vigorous cultivar with year-round, and white flowers. ‘Irish wet) soil. Z10–11
spring. ‘Rosalie’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in purple flowers and dark green foliage. Dusk’, H 18in (45cm), has dark green E. x praegeri. See E. x stuartii.
(35cm), has bright pink flowers, bronze- ‘Purple Beauty’ has purple flowers and foliage and salmon-pink flowers from E. scoparia (Besom heath). Bushy shrub.
green foliage and a low, upright but dark foliage. ‘Stephen Davis’, H 10in midwinter to early spring. ‘Thing Nee’, H H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has needlelike,
spreading habit. ‘Rotes Juwel’ is slow- (25cm), has brilliant, almost fluorescent, and S to 3ft (1m), is bushy, with pale golden dark green leaves. Abundant, tiny, urn-
growing, with dark green foliage, which red flowers. ‘Ted Oliver’, H 16in (40cm). foliage throughout the year, and pink shaped, greenish-brown flowers are borne
turns red in winter, and beet-red flowers. produces bicolored flowers, white at the flowers. ‘W.T. Rackliff’, H 2ft (60cm), has in late spring and early summer. Wind-
‘Springwood White’ (illus. p.166), H 6in mouth and purple at the base. ‘Velvet dark green foliage and produces thick pollinated, so releases clouds of pollen.
(15cm), the most vigorous white cultivar, Night’, H 10in (25cm), has very dark purple, clusters of white flowers from late winter Requires acidic soil. Z8–9. ‘Minima’, H 1ft
is excellent as groundcover and bears almost black flowers. ‘Windlebrooke’, to late spring. (30cm), has bright green foliage.
large, white flowers, with brown anthers, H 10in (25cm), is vigorous, with golden E. gracilis. Compact shrub. H and S to E. speciosa. See E. discolor.
from late winter to spring. ‘Vivellii’, H 6in foliage, turning bright orange-red in 1ft (30cm). Has needlelike, mid-green E. spiculifolia, syn. Bruckenthalia
(15cm), has dark bronze-green foliage and winter, and mauve flowers. leaves and clusters of small, bell-shaped, spiculifolia (Spike heath). Bushy, low shrub.
deep purple-pink flowers from late winter E. x darleyensis (Darley Dale heath). pink, red, or magenta flowers from early H and S 6in (15cm). Needlelike, glossy, dark
to spring. ‘Westwood Yellow’ is compact Bushy shrub. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 3ft (1m) or fall to early spring. There are many named green leaves clothe stiff stems. Erect
with golden-yellow foliage and deep pink more. Has needlelike, mid-green foliage, cultivars, some with golden foliage. racemes of tiny, pink flowers are borne in
flowers. ‘Winter Snow’ produces with cream, pink or red, young growth in Usually grown as a potted plant; may be summer at shoot tips. Z5–7. ‘Balkan
bright green leaves and white flowers. late spring. Tubular, white, pink or purple planted outdoors in summer in a sheltered Rose’, H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm), has gray-
‘Wintersonne’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in flowers are borne in spikes from early site. Z10–11 green foliage and purple-pink flowers.
(35cm), has magenta flowers and red- winter to late spring. Tolerates lime. Z7–8. E. herbacea. See E. carnea. ‘Raika’ has white flowers.
brown foliage. ‘Arthur Johnson’ (illus. p.166), H 3ft E. hibernica. See E. erigena. E. stricta. See E. terminalis.
E. cerinthoides (Fire heath, Rooihaartjie). (1m), has young foliage with cream and E. lusitanica (Portuguese heath). E. x stuartii, syn. E. x praegeri. Compact
Variable shrub with woody rootstock and pink tips in spring and long racemes of Bushy heath, H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has
erect shoots. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S to 3ft (1m). mauve-pink flowers from midwinter to bright green leaves and, from late fall to oblong, dark green leaves. Numerous
Leaves, in whorls of 4 to 6, are hairy, spring. ‘Eva Gold’ has golden-bronze late spring, bears elongated, bell-shaped umbels of urn-shaped, pink flowers are
needle-shaped, spreading or erect, to 5⁄8in leaves throughout the year, and magenta flowers that may be pink in bud but pure produced in late spring and summer.
(15mm) long. Downy, usually red, tubular flowers. ‘Furzey’ (illus. p.166) has a white when fully open. Z8–10. ‘Sheffield Prefers moist, acidic soil. Z5–7. ‘Irish
flowers, are borne in terminal umbels of compact, vigorous habit, dark green leaves Park’ (illus. p.166) is upright, with deep Lemon’ produces new shoots with lemon-
10–40. Requires acidic, well-drained soil; and bears deep pink flowers. ‘Ghost pink buds and white flowers. yellow tips in spring, and bright pink
prune after flowering. Z8–11 Hills’ has cream-tipped shoots in spring E. mackayana (Mackay’s heath). flowers. ‘Stuartii’, see E. x s. ‘Stuart’s
E. ciliaris (Dorset heath). Loose shrub. and a profusion of pink flowers from Spreading shrub. H to 10in (25cm), S 16in Original’. ‘Stuart’s Original’ (syn.
H to 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm). May be midwinter to spring. ‘Jack H. (40cm). Has oblong, mid-green leaves and E. x s. ‘Stuartii’) has grayish-green foliage
damaged in severe weather. Has oblong, Brummage’, H 1ft (30cm), has golden bears umbels of urn-shaped, pink, mauve- and peculiarly shaped tubular flowers,
dark green leaves in whorls of 3. Bears foliage, with yellow and orange tints, and pink or white flowers from midsummer to beet-purple tipped, that fade to shell-pink
long racemes of lop-sided, bottle-shaped, mauve flowers. ‘Jenny Porter’ has early fall. Likes damp, acidic soil. Z5–7. at the bases.
bright pink flowers in tiers of 3 or 4 in foliage with pale cream young shoots in ‘Galicia’, H 14in (35cm), is vigorous and E. terminalis, syn. E. stricta (Corsican
summer. Requires acidic soil and prefers spring, and lilac flowers. ‘J.W. Porter’, bushy, producing dark magenta flowers. heath). Shrub with stiff, upright growth.
warm, moist conditions. Z8–9. ‘Corfe H 1ft (30cm), has reddish, young shoots in ‘Shining Light’, H 20in (50cm), S 22in H and S to 8ft (2.5m). Has needlelike, mid-
Castle’ (illus. p.166) produces salmon-pink spring and mauve-pink flowers from (55cm), is vigorous, has gray-green green foliage. Urn-shaped, mauve-pink
flowers from summer to early fall. ‘David midwinter to late spring. ‘Kramers Rote’ foliage, and bears abundant, small, pure flowers, borne from early summer to early
McClintock’ (illus. p.166) has light gray- has dark bronze-green foliage all year, and white flowers. fall, turn russet as they fade in winter.
green foliage and bears white flowers, bears deep purple-red flowers from late E. mammosa (Nine-pin heath, Tolerates limestone. Z5–7. ‘Thelma
with deep pink tips, from summer to early fall to late spring. ‘Lucie’, H 16in (40cm), Rooiklossieheide). Slow-growing, erect Woolner’, H to 30in (75cm), S to 2ft

ERIOSYCE

(60cm) has dark green foliage and deep E. x watsonii (Watson’s heath). Compact E. karvinskianus, syn. E. mucronatus, in summer. Divide perennial root clumps
lilac-pink flowers. shrub, often with discolored new shoots in illus. p.363. in spring.
E. tetralix (Cross-leaved heath). spring. H 1ft (30cm), S 15in (38cm). Oblong, E. mucronatus. See E. karvinskianus. E. arborescens illus. p.453.
Spreading shrub. H to 1ft (30cm), S 18in mid-green leaves often have bright- E. ‘Quakeress’. Clump-forming E. crocatum (Saffron buckwheat).
(45cm). Has oblong, gray-green leaves in colored tips in spring. Bears urn-shaped, perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). Evergreen, subshrubby perennial. H to 8in
whorls of 4. Umbels of urn-shaped, pink pink flowers from mid- to late summer. Produces abundant, daisylike, delicate (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Ovate, hairy leaves
flowers are borne from summer to early Z5–7. ‘Claire Elise’, H 10in (25cm), S 18in pink-flushed, white flower heads, with have woolly, white undersides. Heads of
fall. Requires acidic, preferably moist soil. (45cm), is compact, with shoots that are yellow centers, in summer. Narrowly minute, sulfur-yellow flowers open in
Z5–7. ‘Alba Mollis’ has silver-gray leaves tipped gold when young, dark green when ovate leaves are grayish-green. Z5–7 summer. A good alpine houseplant. Z9–10
and bears white flowers from early mature, and deep amethyst-purple flowers. E. ‘Serenity’. Clump-forming perennial. E. giganteum (St Catherine’s lace).
summer to late fall. ‘Con Underwood’ has ‘Dawn’ produces young shoots with H and S to 2ft (60cm). Daisylike, violet- Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 3–6ft
gray-green foliage and dark red flowers. orange-yellow tips and bears deep mauve- mauve flower heads, with yellow centers, (1–2m). Has oblong to ovate, gray leaves,
‘Hookstone Pink’ has silver-gray foliage pink flowers in compact clusters all are borne in early to midsummer. Z5–7 white-downy beneath. Bears small, white
and bears rose-pink flowers from late summer. ‘Pink Pacific’, H 10in (25cm), flowers in branching clusters to 1ft (30cm)
spring to early fall. ‘Riko’, H 8in (20cm), S 14in (35cm), is spreading, with bright ERINACEA long in summer. Z11–15 (min. 41°F/5°C)
S 14in (35cm), is compact, with gray-green orange-red shoots in spring, turning gray- E. ovalifolium. Evergreen, domed
foliage and ruby flowers. f. stellata ‘Pink green, and clear rose-pink flowers from PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 4in (10cm). In
Star’ produces pink flowers held upright salmon-pink buds. summer, produces umbels of tiny, bright
in a starlike pattern. E. x williamsii (Williams’s heath). Genus of one species of slow-growing, yellow flowers above branched stems.
E. umbellata (Dwarf Spanish heath). Spreading shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm). evergreen subshrub with hard, sharp, Has tiny, spoon-shaped, hairy, gray leaves.
Bushy shrub. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has Young shoots may be discolored in spring. blue-green spines and pealike flowers. Excellent for an alpine house. Z4–8
needlelike, mid-green leave and bell-shaped, Has oblong, dark green leaves and bears In spring, it produces short-lived, soft E. umbellatum (Sulfur flower) illus.
mauve flowers, with chocolate-brown bell-shaped, mauve or pink flowers in leaves. Needs a sheltered position with p.344.
anthers, in late spring. Z6–10 midsummer. Prefers acidic soil. Z5–7. full sun and deep, gritty, well-drained
E. vagans (Cornish heath). Vigorous, ‘Ken Wilson’, H 1ft (30cm), S 20in (50cm), soil. Propagate by seed when available ERIOPHYLLUM
spreading, bushy shrub. H and S 30in has uniformly grayish-green foliage and or by softwood cuttings in late spring
(75cm). Leaves are needlelike and mid-green. profuse, magenta flowers. ‘P.D. Williams’, or summer. Golden yarrow, Woolly sunflower
Urn- to bell-shaped, pink, mauve or white H 18in (45cm), bears dark mauve-pink E. anthyllis, syn. E. pungens (Hedgehog
flowers are borne from midsummer to late flowers; sometimes keeps its golden broom), illus. p.334. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
fall. Tolerates lime. Responds well to hard foliage tips all summer. E. pungens. See E. anthyllis. Genus of annuals, perennials and
pruning. Z5–7. ‘Birch Glow’ (illus. p.166), evergreen subshrubs, with silvery foliage
H 18in (45cm), has bright green foliage and ERIGERON ERINUS and daisylike flowers, mainly in summer.
glowing rose-pink flowers. ‘Fiddlestone’, Suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm), bears deep cerise Fleabane Fairy foxglove well-drained soil. Propagate by division in
flowers. ‘Golden Triumph’, H 16in spring or by seed in fall.
(40cm), S 26in (65cm), shoot tips are bright ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE PLANTAGINACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE
golden in spring, turning green in E. lanatum, syn. Bahia lanata, illus. p.276.
summer, and flowers are white. Genus of mainly spring- and summer- Genus of short-lived, semievergreen
‘Kevernensis Alba’, H 10in (25cm), S 18in flowering annuals, biennials and perennials, perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls ERIOSYCE E
(45cm), has bright green foliage and grown for their daisylike flowers. Ideal for and troughs. Needs sun and well-drained
compact spikes of white flowers. rock gardens or borders. Prefers sun and soil. Propagate species by seed in fall (but syn. NEOPORTERIA 575
‘Lyonesse’, H 18in (24cm), has dark green well-drained soil, but do not allow to dry seedlings will vary considerably), selected
foliage and long, tapering spikes of white out in growing season. Resents winter forms by softwood cuttings in early CACTACEAE
flowers with brown anthers. ‘Mrs. D.F. damp. Propagate by division in spring or summer. Self-seeds freely.
Maxwell’ (illus. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has early fall or by seed in fall, selected forms E. alpinus illus. p.352. ‘Doktor Hähnle’ Genus of simple to clustering, spherical to
dark green foliage and glowing deep pink by softwood cuttings in early summer. is a semievergreen, basal-rosetted columnar, perennial cacti. Produces egg-
flowers. ‘St. Keverne’ (illus. p.166), H 18in E. alpinus (Alpine fleabane) illus. p.340. perennial. H and S 2–3in (5–8cm). Small, shaped, red, brown or green seed pods
(45cm), is a neat, bushy shrub with rose- E. aurantiacus. Clump-forming perennial. flat, 2-lipped, deep pink flowers open in which are similar to those of Wigginsia.
pink flowers; may be used for a low hedge. H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has long, ovate, late spring and summer. Leaves are small, Frost tender. Requires full sun and very
‘Yellow John’, H 14in (35cm), S 18in gray-green leaves and produces daisylike, ovate and mid-green. Z4–9 well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
(45cm), is vigorous, with bright yellow brilliant orange flower heads in summer. spring or summer.
foliage and lilac flowers. Propagate by seed or division in spring. ERIOBOTRYA E. chilensis, syn. Echinocactus chilensis,
E. x veitchii (Veitch’s heath). Treelike Z5–8 Neochilenia chilensis, Neoporteria
heath. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has E. aureus. Short-lived, clump-forming ROSACEAE chilensis. Spherical, then columnar-
needlelike, mid-green leaves. Scented, perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm). stemmed, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm),
tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers are Bears small, spoon-shaped to ovate, hairy Genus of evergreen, fall-flowering trees S 4in (10cm). Pale green stem has a dense
produced in dense clusters from leaves. Slender stems each bear a relatively and shrubs, grown for their foliage, covering of sturdy, golden spines. Crown
midwinter to spring. Z8–9. ‘Exeter’ has large, daisylike, golden-yellow flower head flowers and edible fruits. Where bears flattish, pink-orange or white
a profusion of white flowers, almost in summer. Dislikes winter wet with no marginally hardy, grow against a sunny flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in summer.
obscuring the foliage. ‘Gold Tips’ is snow cover. Excellent for a scree, trough wall. Fruits, which ripen in spring, may be
similar to ‘Exeter’, but young shoots have or alpine house; prone to aphid attack. damaged by hard frost. Requires sunny, Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
golden tips in spring. ‘Pink Joy’ has pink Z5–8. ‘Canary Bird’, H to 4in (10cm), is fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by E. kunzei, syn. Neoporteria nidus.
flower buds that open to clear white. longer lived, and bears bright canary- seed in fall or spring. Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.
E. versicolor. Erect shrub, similar to yellow flower heads. E. japonica (Loquat) illus. p.194. H 4in (10cm), S 3in (8cm). Long, soft,
E. discolor. H to 10ft (3m). Leaves occur in E. ‘Charity’ illus. p.264. gray spines completely encircle a dark
whorls of 3 or 4. Tubular flowers are to E. ‘Darkest of All’. See E. ‘Dunkelste Eriocactus. See Parodia. greenish-brown stem. During spring or
11⁄4in (3cm) long, red with green or white Aller’. fall, the crown produces tubular, pink
tips, have awn-less anthers and open E. ‘Dunkelste Aller’, syn. E. ‘Darkest of ERIOGONUM to cerise flowers with paler bases, 11⁄4–2in
mainly from fall to early winter. Z8–11 All’, illus. p.240. (3–5cm) long, that open only at the tips.
E. verticillata. Erect shrub. H to 2ft E. ‘Foersters Liebling’. Clump-forming St Catherine’s lace, Wild buckwheat Z9–11
(60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Unusually, flowers are perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). In E. napina, syn. Neochilenia mitis of
tightly packed in whorls at intervals along summer, daisylike, semidouble, pink flower POLYGONACEAE gardens, Neoporteria mitis, Neoporteria
an otherwise almost bare stem. The heads, with yellow centers, are borne napina, illus. p.485.
tubular, pale mauve-pink flowers, 1⁄2in above narrowly ovate, grayish-green Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen E. subgibbosa, syn. Neoporteria
(1.5cm) long, are produced intermittently leaves. Z5–8 perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown subgibbosa. Spherical to columnar-
throughout the year. Was extinct in the E. glaucus ‘Elstead Pink’. Tufted for their rosetted, hairy, often silver or stemmed, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm),
wild until re-introduced from a few plants perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 18in (45cm). white leaves. Needs full sun and well- S 4in (10cm). Mid-green to dark gray-
in cultivation. Z10–11 Daisylike, dark lilac-pink flower heads are drained, even poor soil. In cool, wet- green stem bears large, woolly areoles and
borne throughout summer above ovate, winter areas, protect shrubby species and sturdy, amber spines. In late summer, the
gray-green leaves. Z5–7 hairy-leaved perennials. Water potted crown bears flattish, carmine-pink flowers,
plants moderately in summer, less in
spring and fall, very little in winter. 11⁄2in (4cm) across. Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
Remove flower heads after flowering E. villosa, syn. Neoporteria villosa,
unless seed is required. Propagate by seed illus. p.490.
in spring or fall or by semiripe cuttings

ERITRICHIUM

ERITRICHIUM spring or root cuttings of perennials in late their flowers. Many are ideal for borders, ERYTHRONIUM
winter. banks, raised beds and rock gardens.
Alpine forget-me-not E. agavifolium, syn. E. bromeliifolium Requires sun and well-drained soil. Dog’s-tooth violet, Trout lily
of gardens. Evergreen, clump-forming Propagate by seed in spring or fall, or by
BORAGINACEAE perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Forms softwood cuttings in summer. LILIACEAE
rosettes of sword-shaped, sharply toothed, E. ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, syn. Cheiranthus
Genus of short-lived perennials with soft, rich green leaves. Thistlelike, greenish- ‘Bowles’ Mauve’, E. ‘E.A. Bowles’, illus. Genus of spring-flowering, clump-forming
gray-green leaves and forget-me-not-like white flower heads are produced on p.261. perennials, with long-pointed, toothlike
flowers. Suitable for rock gardens and branched stems in summer. Z6–9 E. ‘Bredon’, syn. Cheiranthus ‘Bredon’, bulbs, grown for their pendent flowers
alpine houses. Needs sun and well- E. alpinum illus. p.240. illus. p.336. and, in some cases, mottled leaves.
drained, peaty, sandy soil with a deep E. amethystinum. Rosette-forming E. cheiri, syn. Cheiranthus cheiri Requires partial shade and humus-rich,
collar of grit; dislikes damp conditions. perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has ovate, (Wallflower). Evergreen, bushy perennial, well-drained soil, where tubers will not
Extremely difficult to grow. Propagate by pinnate, spiny, mid-green leaves. In grown as a biennial. H 10–32in (25–80cm), dry out in summer while dormant. Some
seed when available or by softwood summer, produces branched stems of S 12–16in (30–40cm). Produces lance- species increase by offsets, which can be
cuttings in summer. small, thistlelike, blue flowers surrounded shaped, mid- to deep green leaves. divided in late summer. Do not allow bulbs
E. elongatum. Tuft-forming perennial. by spiky, silvery-green bracts. Z3–8 Short racemes of fragrant, 4-petaled to dry out before replanting, 6in (15cm)
H 3⁄4in (2cm), S 11⁄4in (3cm). Leaves are E. bourgatii illus. p.270. ‘Oxford Blue’, flowers in bright yellow-orange are deep. Propagate by seed in fall.
ovate, hairy and gray-green. Short flower H 18in (45cm), S 1ft (30cm), is a clump- borne in spring. Z3–7. ‘Blood Red’ illus. E. americanum illus. p.421.
stems each bear small, rounded, flat, blue forming perennial with basal, deeply cut, p.308. ‘Fire King’ illus. p.326. ‘Harpur E. californicum illus. p.415. ‘White
flowers in early summer. Z5–7 gray-green leaves with silver veins. Crewe’ (syn. E.c. x kewense ‘Harpur Beauty’ illus. p.399.
E. nanum illus. p.370. Thistlelike, dark, silver-blue flower heads, Crewe’) illus. p.336. Flowers of ‘Ivory E. dens-canis (European dog’s-tooth
surrounded by silvery-blue, spiny bracts, White’ are creamy white. x kewense violet) illus. p.418.
ERODIUM are borne on branched, wiry stems, from ‘Harpur Crewe’ see E.c. ‘Harpur Crewe’. E. grandiflorum. Spring-flowering,
mid- to late summer. ‘Pico’s Blue’, H 2ft ‘Orange Bedder’ see E. x marshallii bulbous perennial. H 4–12in (10–30cm),
Heron’s bill, Stork’s bill (60cm), S 20in (50cm), is larger, with ‘Orange Bedder’. ‘Persian Carpet’ S 2–3in (5–8cm). Produces 2 lance-shaped,
intensely blue flowers, surrounded by 10 produces fragrant flowers in shades of semierect, basal, plain bright green leaves.
GERANIACEAE to 15 intensely blue, lance-shaped bracts. cream, golden yellow, bright orange, In spring, each stem bears 1–3 pendent,
Z5–9 apricot, purple, and rose-red that are bright yellow flowers with reflexed petals.
Genus of annuals, perennials, and E. bromeliifolium of gardens. See excellent for cutting. Treasure Series Z4–9
evergreen and deciduous subshrubs, E. agavifolium. has red flowers. E. hendersonii illus. p.402.
grown for their flowers, which are borne E. eburneum, syn. E. paniculatum of E. ‘E.A. Bowles’. See E. ‘Bowles’ Mauve’. E. oregonum illus. p.399.
over a long period, and their attractive, gardens. Evergreen perennial. H 5–6ft E. helveticum, syn. E. pumilum, E. ‘Pagoda’ illus. p.406.
foliage. Ideal for a rock garden or alpine (1.5–2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has spiny, linear, illus. p.358. E. revolutum (American trout lily).
house. Needs sun and well-drained soil. mid-green leaves. Produces heads of E. linifolium. Short-lived, evergreen, Bulbous perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
Divide in spring, take basal stem cuttings thistlelike, green flowers with white mat-forming, woody-based, perennial. S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, semierect,
in summer or sow seed as soon as it is ripe. stamens on branched, arching stems in H to 1ft (30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. basal, brown-mottled, green leaves and a
E. chamaedryoides. See E. reichardii. late summer. Z9–11 Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, wavy, loose spike of 1–4 pendent, pale to deep
E. cheilanthifolium, syn. E. petraeum E. giganteum (Miss Willmott’s ghost). and gray-green. Long racemes of small, pink flowers with reflexed petals in spring.
subsp. crispum, illus. p.341. Rosette-forming short-lived perennial 4-petaled, lilac or lavender-blue flowers Z5–8
E. chrysanthum illus. p.343. that dies after flowering. H 3–4ft are produced from midspring to early E. tuolumnense. Vigorous, bulbous
E. corsicum illus. p.362. (1–1.2m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). Heart-shaped, fall. Z7–9 perennial. H to 1ft (30cm), S 5–6in (12–
E. foetidum, syn. E. petraeum. Compact, basal leaves are mid-green. Has large, E. x marshallii, syn. Cheiranthus x allionii, 15cm). Has 2 lance-shaped, semierect,
rounded heads of thistlelike, blue flowers, E. x allionii of gardens (Siberian wallflower). basal, glossy, plain green leaves. Bears a
E mound-forming perennial. H 6–8in (15– surrounded by spiny, silvery bracts, in Tufted, short-lived, evergreen perennial, spike of up to 10 pendent, bright yellow
20cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces saucer- late summer. Z4–9. grown as a biennial, with lance-shaped, flowers with reflexed petals in spring. Z3–9
shaped, single, red-veined, pink flowers in ‘Silver Ghost’, H to 2ft (60cm) has coarsely toothed leaves. In spring, bears
summer. Ovate, gray leaves have deeply narrower, very silvery-white bracts. spice-scented, brilliant orange flowers. ESCALLONIA
cut margins. Z6–8 E. x oliverianum illus. p.241. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S to 1ft (30cm). Z3–7.
E. manescaui. See E. manescavii E. pandanifolium. Clump-forming, ‘Orange Bedder’ (syn. E. cheiri ‘Orange ESCALLONIACEAE
E. manescavii, syn. E. manescaui, illus. evergreen perennial. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft Bedder’) illus. p.324.
p.265. (1.5m). Has narrowly sword-shaped, E. ‘Moonlight’, syn. Cheiranthus Genus of deciduous, semievergreen,
E. petraeum. See E. foetidum. subsp. arching, slightly toothed, silvery-green ‘Moonlight’, illus. p.335. but mostly evergreen shrubs and, more
crispum see E. cheilanthifolium. basal leaves. Bears towering umbels of E. pumilum. See E. helveticum. rarely, small trees, grown for their
E. reichardii, syn. E. chamaedryoides. small, thistlelike, purplish-brown flower 5-petaled flowers and glossy foliage.
Mound-forming perennial. H 1in (25cm), heads from late summer. Z9–10 ERYTHRINA Thrives in mild areas, where Escallonia is
S 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm). In summer, saucer- E. paniculatum. See E. eburneum. wind-resistant and ideal for hedging in
shaped, single flowers, white with darker E. x tripartitum illus. p.250. Coral tree coastal gardens. Where marginally hardy,
veins, are borne above tiny, oaklike leaves. E. variifolium illus. p.271. protect from strong winds and grow
Good for a rock garden or trough. Z8–9 E. x zabelii. Clump-forming, PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE against a sunny wall. Requires full sun
E. x variabile ‘Flore Pleno’. Variable, semievergreen perennial. H to 30in (75cm), and fertile, well-drained soil. Trim hedges
cushion-forming or spreading perennial. S 18in (45cm). Produces heart-shaped, Genus of deciduous semievergreen, or and wall-trained plants after flowering.
H 4in (10cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has narrowly spiny-toothed, dark green, basal leaves evergreen trees, shrubs and perennials, Propagate by softwood cuttings
ovate, dark to gray-green leaves with and heads of thistlelike, deep violet grown for their pealike flowers. Requires in summer.
scalloped edges and long stalks. From flowers, within spiny, green-tipped, blue full sun and well-drained soil. Water E. ‘Apple Blossom’ illus. p.133.
spring to fall, flower stems each bear 1 bracts. Z5–8. Big Blue’ bears steel-blue containerized plants moderately, very little E. ‘Donard Seedling’ illus. p.131.
or 2 rounded, double, deep pink flowers flowers, to 4in (10cm) across. ‘Violetta’ in winter or when leafless. Propagate by E. ‘Iveyi’ illus. p.112.
with darker veins; outer petals are has rounded, mid-green, divided leaves seed in spring or semiripe cuttings in E. ‘Langleyensis’. Evergreen or
rounded, inner petals narrower. Z6–10. and loose heads of deep violet flowers, summer. Red spider mite may be a problem. semievergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft
‘Ken Aslet’ has single, deep pink flowers. with narrow, silvery-blue bracts, in late E. americana. See E. coralloides. (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has small, glossy,
summer. E. x bidwillii illus. p.136. bright green leaves and an abundance
Erpetion reniforme. See Viola E. coralloides, syn. E. americana (Flame of rose-red flowers from early to
hederacea. ERYSIMUM coral tree, Naked coral tree). Deciduous, midsummer. Z8–9
untidily rounded shrub or tree with E. leucantha illus. p.112.
576 ERYNGIUM syn. CHEIRANTHUS somewhat prickly stems. H and S 10–20ft E. rubra ‘Crimson Spire’. Very
Wallflower (3–6m). Produces leaves with 3 triangular vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub.
Eryngo, Sea holly leaflets, the largest central one 41⁄2in (11cm) H and S 10ft (3m). Has ovate, rich green
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE long. Racemes of pealike, red flowers are leaves and, throughout summer, tubular,
APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE borne on leafless stems in early spring and deep red flowers. Z8–10. ‘Woodside’
Genus of annuals, biennials, and mainly summer. Z9–11 illus. p.156.
Genus of annuals, biennals, and perennials, evergreen, often woody-based perennials, E. crista-galli (Cockspur coral tree) illus. E. virgata illus. p.130.
some evergreen, grown for their flowers now including Cheiranthus, grown for p.137.
and foliage. Needs sun and well-drained
soil; some require fertile, moist soil, others
less fertile, dry soil. Propagate species by
seed in fall, selected forms by division in

EUONYMUS

ESCHSCHOLZIA E. dalrympleana (Mountain gum) illus. semierect, basal tuft. Leafless stem bears E. alatus (Burning bush) illus. p.140. E
p.67. small, star-shaped, pale greenish-white ‘Compactus’ is a deciduous, bushy, dense
California poppy E. glaucescens (Tingiringi gum). flowers in a dense spike, with a cluster of shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots have 577
Evergreen, spreading tree or shrub. H 40ft leaflike bracts at apex. Z7–10 corky wings. Ovate, dark green leaves turn
PAPAVERACEAE (12m), S 25ft (8m). Young bark is white. E. bicolor illus. p.412. brilliant red in fall. Bears inconspicuous,
Leaves are silvery-blue and rounded when E. comosa, syn. E. punctata, illus. p.409. greenish-white flowers in summer,
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown young; long, narrow and blue-gray when ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ has glossy, dark followed by small, 4-lobed, purple
for their bright, poppylike flowers. Good mature. In fall, bears clusters of many- purple-brown leaves and flower stems. or red fruits. Z3–9
for rock gardens and gaps in paving. stamened, white flowers. Z9–10 Dense purple buds open to creamy-white E. cornutus, syn. E. clivicolus (illus. p.142).
Requires sun and poor, very well-drained E. globulus (Tasmanian blue gum). Very flowers that flush rose-purple as they Tall, bamboolike shrub with slender,
soil. Deadhead regularly to ensure a long fast-growing, evergreen, spreading tree. age. Z8–11 drooping branches. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
flowering period. Propagate by seed sown H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m). Bark peels in E. pole-evansii (Giant pineapple flower). Produces linear or oblong, sparsely
outdoors in spring or early fall. ribbons. Large, ovate to oblong, silvery- Vigorous bulb. H 22⁄3–5ft (0.8–1.5m), S 1ft toothed, and pointed leaves. Bears varying
E. caespitosa illus. p.321. blue leaves are long, narrow and glossy, (30cm). Light green leaves are strap- numbers of reddish-brown to purple
E. californica (California poppy) illus. mid-green when mature. White flowers, shaped and wavy-edged. A long spike flowers in spring, followed by winged or
p.326. Ballerina Series has flowers in consisting of tufts of stamens, are borne of greenish-white flowers opens in late horned, pink fruit, and orange-red seeds
shades of red, orange, yellow or cream. in summer–fall, often year-round. summer. Z6–10 in fall. Z9–10. var. quinquecornutus is
‘Orange King’ has single, tangerine Z9–10 E. punctata. See E. comosa. a deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H 6ft
flowers. Thai Silk Series illus. p.327. E. gunnii (Cider gum) illus. p.68. E. undulata. See E. autumnalis. (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance-
Thai Silk Series ‘Apricot Chiffon’ E. johnstonii (Tasmanian yellow gum) E. vandermerwei. Late summer- shaped, dark green leaves. Small, purplish-
bears semidouble, creamy-yellow flowers illus. p.68. flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm), S 10in green flowers in summer are followed by
edged with intense coral-orange. Z11 E. niphophila. See E. pauciflora subsp. (25cm). Has long, lance-shaped, purple- showy, 5-horned, pink fruits that open to
niphophila. spotted, mid-green leaves in rosettes. reveal orange-red seeds.
ESCOBARIA E. pauciflora (White Sally) illus. p.79. Short flower spikes bear dark, purplish- E. europaeus ‘Red Cascade’ illus. p.140.
Z9–10. subsp. niphophila (syn. E. brown flowers. Z8–11 E. fortunei. Evergreen shrub, grown only
CACTACEAE niphophila; Alpine snow gum, Snow gum; as var. radicans and its cultivars, which
illus. p.78). Evergreen, spreading tree. EUCRYPHIA are climbing or prostrate. H 15ft (5m) if
Genus of mainly spherical to columnar, H to 25ft (8m), S 20–50ft (6–15m). Flaking supported, S indefinite. Bears ovate, dark
single or clump-forming, perennial cacti. bark reveals yellow, bronze, or greenish CUNONIACEAE green leaves and inconspicuous, greenish-
The stems are studded with tubercles (each patches. The lance-shaped foliage is blue- white flowers from early to midsummer.
with a furrow immediately above it) and green, gray-green when young. Bears Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or Provides good groundcover. Z6–9.
very spiny, generally white areoles. Frost whitish-cream flowers in summer. deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for ‘Emerald Gaiety’, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m),
tender, but some selections may be frost E. perriniana (Round-leaved snow gum, their foliage and often fragrant, white is bushy, with rounded, white-edged, deep
hardy if kept dry. Needs full sun and poor Spinning gum). Fast-growing, spreading flowers. Needs a sheltered, semishaded green leaves. ‘Emerald ’n’ Gold’ illus.
to moderately fertile, well-drained soil. tree or large shrub. H 12–30ft (4–10m), position in all but mild, wet areas, where p.167. ‘Gold Tip’ see E.f. ‘Golden Prince’.
Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets S 10–25ft (3–8m). Rounded, gray-blue, it will withstand more exposure. Does best Young, rounded leaves of ‘Golden
in summer. young leaves are joined at the bases with roots in a cool, moist, shaded site and Prince’ (syn. E.f. ‘Gold Tip’) are edged
E. vivipara, syn. Coryphantha vivipara, around stems. Leaves on mature trees are crown in sun. Needs fertile, well-drained, bright yellow, aging to creamy-white.
illus. p.480. long and pendulous. White flowers are non-alkaline soil, except for E. cordifolia ‘Kewensis’, H 4in (10cm) or more, has
borne in late summer. Z8–10 and E. x nymansensis. Propagate by slender stems and tiny leaves, and forms
ESPOSTOA E. viminalis (Manna gum, Ribbon gum). semiripe cuttings in late summer. dense mats of growth. ‘Silver Queen’
Vigorous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), E. cordifolia (Ulmo) illus. p.73. illus. p.144. ‘Sunspot’ bears deep green
CACTACEAE S 50ft (15m). Bark peels on upper trunk. E. glutinosa illus. p.85. leaves, each marked in center with golden-
Lance-shaped, dark green leaves become E. x intermedia ‘Rostrevor’. Upright, yellow. ‘Wolong Ghost’ is prostrate or
Genus of columnar, perennial, slow- very long, narrow and pale green when evergreen tree. H 33ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). scandent, with narrow, silver-veined
growing cacti, each with a 10–30-ribbed mature. Bears clusters of stamened, white Oblong leaves sometimes have 3 leaflets leaves.
stem, eventually becoming bushy or flowers in summer. Z8–10 and are dark green, pale beneath, with E. hamiltonianus (illus. p.142).
treelike with age. Most species are densely red shoots. Shallowly cup-shaped, white Deciduous, treelike shrub or small tree,
covered in woolly, white hairs masking EUCHARIS flowers open from late summer to fall. sometimes semievergreen. H and S 25ft
short, sharp spines. Bears cup-shaped to Z7–10 (8m). Ovate, mid-green leaves often turn
tubular flowers, as well as extra wool down AMARYLLIDACEAE E. lucida illus. p.85. pink and red in fall. Tiny, green flowers in
the side of stems facing the sun, only after E. milliganii illus. p.129. late spring and early summer are followed
about 30 years. Frost tender. Needs full Genus of evergreen bulbs, grown for their E. x nymansensis ‘Nymansay’ by 4-lobed, rose-pink fruits enclosed in a
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate fragrant, white flowers which resemble illus. p.73. bright red casing. Z5–9. subsp.
by seed in spring. large, white daffodils, with a cup and 6 sieboldianus (syn. E. yedoensis; illus.
E. lanata (Cotton ball, Peruvian old-man spreading petals. Frost tender. Prefers at Eugenia australis of gardens. p.142), H and S 20ft (6m) or more,
cactus) illus. p.482. least 50% relative humidity. Needs partial See Syzygium paniculatum. has pink fruits. subsp. sieboldianus
shade and humus-rich soil. Water freely in ‘Red Elf’ illus. p.140.
EUCALYPTUS summer. Propagate by seed when ripe or Eugenia paniculata. See Syzygium E. japonicus (Japanese spindle).
by offsets in spring. paniculatum. ‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’
Gum, Ironbark E. amazonica illus. p.414. (syn. E.j. ‘Macrophyllus Albus’) illus.
Eugenia ugni. See Ugni molinae. p.144. ‘Macrophyllus’ is an evergreen,
MYRTACEAE EUCOMIS Euodia. See Tetradium. upright, dense shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft
(2m). Has large, ovate, glossy, dark green
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, Pineapple flower, Pineapple lily EUONYMUS leaves and, in summer, small, star-shaped,
grown for their bark, flowers and often green flowers, followed by spherical,
aromatic foliage. Needs full sun, shelter ASPARAGACEAE Spindle tree pink fruits with orange seeds. Good for
from cold winds, and fertile, well-drained hedging, particularly in coastal areas.
soil. Plant smallest obtainable trees. Water Genus of summer- and fall-flowering CELASTRACEAE ‘Macrophyllus Albus’ see E.j. ‘Latifolius
potted plants moderately, less in winter. bulbs, grown for their dense spikes of Albomarginatus’. Leaves of ‘Ovatus
Attractive, young foliage of some species flowers, which are overtopped by a tuft of Genus of evergreen, semievergreen, or Aureus’ are broadly edged with golden-
may be retained by cutting growth back small, leaflike bracts, as in a pineapple. deciduous shrubs and trees, sometimes yellow. Z6–8
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring Where marginally hardy, protect with climbing, grown for their foliage, fall color E. latifolius illus. p.140.
or summer. dead bracken or loose, rough peat. Needs and fruits. Needs sun or semishade and E. myrianthus illus. p.117.
E. camaldulensis (Red river gum). Fast- full sun and well-drained soil. Plant in any well-drained soil, although, for E. oxyphyllus illus. p.117.
growing, drought-resistant, evergreen, spring and water freely in summer. evergreen species in full sun, soil should E. planipes, syn. E. sachalinensis
rounded tree. H 100ft (30m) or more, S 70ft Propagate by seed or division of clumps not be very dry. Propagate by greenwood of gardens. Deciduous, upright, shrub.
(20m) or more. Young bark is gray, brown in spring. or semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed H and S 10ft (3m). Bears ovate, mid-green
and cream; leaves are lance-shaped, E. autumnalis, syn. E. undulata. in fall. E. europaeus and E. japonicus may leaves that turn to brilliant red in fall, as
slender, green or blue-green. Bears umbels Late summer- to fall-flowering bulb. be attacked by caterpillars; E. japonicus
of small, cream flowers in summer. Z9–10 H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has is susceptible to mildew. tAll parts
E. coccifera (Mount Wellington strap-shaped, wavy-edged leaves in a may cause mild stomach upset
peppermint, Tasmanian snow gum) if ingested.
illus. p.68.

EUONYMUS

large, 4‑ or 5‑lobed, red fruits open to E. bicompacta var. rubra, syn. branching shrub. H and S 10–12ft (3–4m). well‑drained soil. May not tolerate root
reveal bright orange seeds. Star‑shaped, Synadenium compactum var. rubrum, Bears ovate to lance‑shaped, sometimes disturbance. Propagate by softwood
green flowers open in late spring. Z5–9 S. grantii of gardens ‘Rubrum’. Evergreen, shallowly lobed leaves. From late fall to cuttings in late spring.
E. sachalinensis of gardens. See erect, robust‑stemmed shrub. H 10–12ft spring, produces flattened heads of small, E. acraeus, syn. E. evansii of gardens,
E. planipes. (3–4m), S 6ft (2m) or more. Produces greenish‑white flowers with large, leaflike, illus. p.344.
E. yedoensis. See E. hamiltonianus very small, red flowers in fall, largely bright red bracts. Z13–15 (min.55–59°F/13– E. evansii of gardens. See E. acraeus.
subsp. sieboldianus. concealed by lance‑shaped to ovate, 15°C) E. pectinatus illus. p.319.
glossy, purplish‑green leaves, red‑purple E. rigida, syn. E. biglandulosa,
EUPATORIUM beneath. Z10–11 (min. 41–50°F/5–10°C) illus. p.227. EUSTOMA
E. biglandulosa. See E. rigida. E. robbiae. See E. amygdaloides
Hemp agrimony E. candelabrum. Deciduous, treelike, var. robbiae. syn. LISIANTHUS
perennial succulent. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft E. schillingii illus. p.251.
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE (5m). Produces erect, 4–5‑angled, deeply E. seguieriana. Clump‑forming, GENTIANACEAE
indented, glossy, dark green stems, often semievergreen perennial. H and S 18in
Genus of annuals, herbaceous perennials, marbled white, that branch and rebranch (45cm). Has narrow, lance‑shaped, Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials
subshrubs and evergreen shrubs, grown candelabralike. Has short‑lived, spear‑ glaucous leaves on slender stems. Bears with poppylike flowers that are good for
mainly for their flowers, some also for shaped leaves. Rounded heads of small large, terminal clusters of yellowish‑green cutting. Ideal for containers. Frost tender.
their architectural foliage. Most species flowers, with cup‑shaped, yellow bracts, flowers in late summer and early fall. Needs sun and well‑drained soil. Propagate
from this formerly large genus have been are borne in spring. Z10–11 (min. 54°F/12°C) Z8–11 by seed sown under glass in late winter.
transferred to other genera, including E. characias subsp. characias and E. sikkimensis illus. p.242. E. grandiflorum, syn. E. russellianum,
Ageratina and Bartlettina. Some tall subsp. wulfenii illus. p.147. E. splendens. See E. milii var. splendens. Lisianthus russellianus (Texan bluebell),
American species, commonly known as E. cyparissias (Cypress spurge) illus. E. tithymaloides, syn. Pedilanthus illus. p.299. Heidi Series produces
Joe Pye weeds, have been transferred to p.262. tithymaloides. Bushy, perennial succulent. flowers in shades of rose‑pink, blue, white,
Eutrochium. Requires full light or partial E. epithymoides, syn. E. polychroma, H 10ft (3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has thin, erect and bicolors.
shade. Will grow in any conditions, illus. p.262. stems zigzagging at each node. Leaves E. russellianum. See E. grandiflorum.
although most species prefer moist but E. fulgens (Scarlet plume). Deciduous are mid‑green and boat‑shaped, with
well‑drained soil. Water containerized shrub of erect, open habit, with slender prominent ribs beneath. Red to yellowish‑ Evodia. See Tetradium.
plants freely when in full growth, stems that arch at the tips. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), green bracts are produced at each of the
moderately at other times. Prune shrubs S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Has elliptic to lance‑ stem tips in summer. Prefers partial shade. EXACUM
lightly after flowering or in spring. shaped, mid‑ to deep green leaves, to Z10–11. (min. 50°F/10°C). ‘Variegata’
Propagate by seed in spring; shrubs and 4in (10cm) long. From winter to spring, (Redbird flower) illus. p.483. GENTIANACEAE
subshrubs may also be propagated by bears leafy, wandlike sprays of small
softwood or greenwood cuttings in flowers, each cluster surrounded by 5 EURYALE Genus of annuals, biennials and
summer, perennials by division in early petallike, scarlet bracts, 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) perennials, grown for their profusion of
spring or fall. Slugs and aphids may across. Z14–15 (min. 55–59°F/13–15°C) Fox nuts, Gorgon plant fragrant flowers. Excellent for containers.
be troublesome. E. gorgonis (Gorgon’s head). Deciduous, Frost tender. Grow in sun and in well‑
E. ageratoides. See Ageratina altissima. hemispherical, perennial succulent. H 3in NYMPHAEACEAE drained soil. Propagate by seed sown in
E. ianthinum. See Bartlettina sordida. (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has a much‑ribbed, early spring for flowering the same year
E. ligustrinum. See Ageratina ligustrina. green main stem crowned by 3–5 rows Genus of one species of aquatic, deep‑ or in late summer for the following year.
E. maculatum (Joe Pye weed). Stately, of prostrate, 1⁄2in (1cm) wide stems that water perennial, grown as an annual for E. affine (Persian violet). Evergreen,
are gradually shed. In spring, crown also its floating foliage; is suitable only for a bushy perennial, usually grown as an
E upright perennial. H to 7ft (2.2m), S to 3ft bears rounded heads of small, fragrant tropical pond. Frost tender. Needs full annual. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has
(1m). Ovate leaves are arranged in whorls flowers with cup‑shaped, yellow bracts. light, constant warmth and heavy feeding. ovate, glossy leaves and abundant, tiny,
along purplish stems. Terminal heads of Z14–15 (min. 50°F/10°C) Propagate by seed in spring. scented, saucer‑shaped, purple, rose‑pink
tubular, pinkish‑purple flowers are borne E. griffithii ‘Fireglow’ illus. p.246. E. ferox. Annual, deep‑water plant. S 5ft or white flowers, with yellow stamens, in
from late summer to early fall. Z5–11. E. hypericifolia DiamonD Frost (1.5m). Has floating, rounded, spiny, olive‑ summer. Z10–12 (min. 45–50°F/7–10°C)
‘Riesenschirm’ illus. p.221 (‘Inneuphe’) illus. p.298. green leaves with rich purple undersides
E. micranthum. See Ageratina ligustrina. E. ‘Inneuphe’. See E. hypericifolia and bears small, red or violet‑purple, EXOCHORDA
E. rugosum. See Ageratina altissima. DiamonD Frost (‘Inneuphe’). shuttlecocklike flowers in summer.
E. sordidum. See Bartlettina sordida. E. marginata (Snow‑in‑summer, Z12–15 (min. 41°F/5°C) Pearl bush
E. urticifolium. See Ageratina altissima. Snow‑on‑the‑mountain) illus. p.299.
E. weinmannianum. See Ageratina E. mellifera (Honey spurge) illus. p.127. EURYBIA ROSACEAE
ligustrina. E. milii (Crown of thorns) illus. p.456.
var. splendens (syn. E. splendens) is a ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
EUPHORBIA slow‑growing, mainly evergreen, their abundant, showy, white flowers.
spreading, spiny, semisucculent shrub, Genus of herbaceous, perennial daisies, Does best in full sun and fertile, well‑
Milkweed, Spurge with semiprostrate to scrambling stems. similar to Michaelmas daisies (mostly drained soil. Improve vigor and flowering
H to 6ft (2m), S to 3ft (1m). Has oblong to Symphyotrichum novae-angliae and by thinning out old shoots after flowering.
EUPHORBIACEAE ovate leaves and, intermittently year‑round S. novi-belgii cultivars), but with heart‑ Propagate by softwood cuttings in
but especially in spring, clusters of tiny shaped leaves and longer flowers; Eurybia summer or by seed in fall. Chlorosis may
Very variable genus of annuals, biennials, flowers enclosed in large, petallike, red cultivars also have no sterile rosettes be a problem on shallow, chalky soil.
sometimes semievergreen or evergreen bracts. Z11–12 (min. 45–50°F/7–10°C) when flowering. Prefers sun or partial E. giraldii. Deciduous, widely arching
perennials, and deciduous or evergreen E. myrsinites illus. p.357. shade and fertile, well‑drained soil, with shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has pinkish‑
subshrubs, shrubs, and succulents. E. nicaeensis. Clump‑forming perennial adequate moisture in summer. Propagate green, young growths and oblong leaves.
Flower heads usually consist of cup‑shaped with a woody base. H 30in (75cm), S 18in by seed in spring or division in spring or fall. Bears upright racemes of large, 5‑petaled,
bracts, in various colors, and usually each (45cm). Has narrowly ovate, fleshy, gray‑ E. divaricata, syn. Aster divaricatus. white flowers in late spring. Z6–9 
contain several flowers lacking typical green leaves. Umbels of greenish‑yellow Spreading, upright perennial. H 16in E. x macrantha ‘The Bride’ illus. p.132.
sepals and petals. Does best in sun or flower heads with cup‑shaped bracts are (40cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has pointed, ovate, E. racemosa. Deciduous, arching shrub.
partial shade; depending on species, borne throughout summer. Z5–8 toothed, glossy, dark green leaves. In late H and S 12ft (4m). Has upright clusters of
requires light or moist and well‑drained, E. obesa (Living baseball) illus. p.493. summer, purplish‑black, wiry, branching, 5‑petaled, white flowers in late spring.
or permanently moist soil. Propagate by E. palustris. Bushy perennial. arching stems bear daisylike, white flower Leaves are oblong and deep blue‑green.
basal cuttings in spring or summer, by H and S 3ft (1m). Clusters of deep yellow heads. Best in shade, where it provides Prefers acidic soil. Z5–9
division in spring or by seed in fall or flower heads with cup‑shaped bracts are good groundcover. Z6–10
578 spring. tAll parts may cause severe produced in spring above oblong to
discomfort if ingested; contact with their lance‑shaped, yellowish‑green leaves. Z7–9 EURYOPS
milky sap may irritate skin. E. polychroma. See E. epithymoides.
E. amygdaloides (Wood spurge). E. pulcherrima (Mexican flame leaf, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
‘Purpurea’ is a semievergreen, erect Poinsettia), illus. p.455. ‘Paul Mikkelson’
perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Stems and is a mainly evergreen, erect, freely Genus of annual, perennials and evergreen
narrowly ovate leaves are green, heavily shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
suffused purple‑red. Bears flower heads of attractive leaves and showy, daisylike
cup‑shaped, yellow bracts in spring. Prone flower heads. Suitable for borders and
to mildew. var. robbiae (syn. E. robbiae; rock gardens. Needs sun and moist but
Mrs. Robb’s bonnet) illus. p.262. Z6–10

FEROCACTUS

F has stiff, weeping branches and blackish- FASCICULARIA in late afternoons in fall. Buds and dead
purple foliage. ‘Riversii’ illus. p.61. flowers may appear orange or red.
FABIANA ‘Rohanii’ illus. p.61. ‘Zlatia’ has yellow, BROMELIACEAE Frost tender. Requires full sun and well-
young foliage, later turning mid- to dark drained soil. Keep dry in winter and
SOLANACEAE green. Z5–7 Genus of one species of evergreen, rosette- water sparingly in spring. Propagate
forming perennial, with no or short stems, by seed or stem cuttings in spring
Genus of heathlike, evergreen shrubs, FALLOPIA grown for its overall appearance. Prefers or summer.
grown for their foliage and flowers. full light and well-drained soil. Water F. tigrina illus. p.495.
Where marginally hardy, plant in a syn. BILDERDYKIA, REYNOUTRIA moderately from spring to fall, sparingly
sheltered position. Requires full sun and in winter. Propagate by offsets or division Feijoa. See Acca.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by POLYGONACEAE in spring.
softwood cuttings in summer. F. andina. See F. bicolor. FELICIA F
F. imbricata ‘Prostrata’. Evergreen, Genus of rhizomatous, scrambling or F. bicolor, syn. F. andina. Perennial
low-growing, mound-forming, very dense climbing, woody-based perennials, good for forming congested hummocks. H to 18in syn. AGATHAEA
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Shoots are training on pergolas and deciduous trees. (45cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Has dense rosettes Blue daisy
densely covered with tiny, heathlike, deep Grow in full sun or partial shade and moist of linear, tapered, arching, mid- to deep
green leaves. Bears profuse, tubular, white but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed green leaves; the inner leaves are bright ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
flowers in early summer. f. violacea (syn. sown as soon as ripe or in spring, or by scarlet at flowering. In summer, produces
F.i. ‘Violacea’) illus. p.204. semiripe cuttings in summer, or hardwood a cluster of tubular, pale blue flowers, Genus of annuals, perennials, evergreen
cuttings in fall. surrounded by white bracts, at the heart subshrubs and (rarely) shrubs, grown for
FAGUS F. aubertii. See F. baldschuanica. of each mature rosette. Best grown at not their daisylike, mainly blue flower heads.
F. aubertii of gardens. See less than 2°C (36°F). Z10–13 Requires a position in full sun and well-
Beech F. baldschuanica. drained soil. Water potted plants
F. baldschuanica, syn. F. aubertii, x FATSHEDERA moderately, less when not in full growth;
FAGACEAE F. aubertii of gardens, Polygonum dislikes wet conditions, particularly in
baldschuanicum (Mile-a-minute plant, ARALIACEAE low temperatures. Cut off dead flowering
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their Russian vine), illus. p.208. stems and cut back straggly shoots
habit, foliage and fall color. Insignificant Hybrid genus (Fatsia japonica ‘Moseri’ x regularly. Propagate by seed in spring,
flowers are borne in late spring and hairy FALLUGIA Hedera helix ‘Hibernica’) of one evergreen, or by greenwood cuttings in summer
fruits ripen in fall to release edible, fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage. or early fall.
triangular nuts. Needs sun or semishade; ROSACEAE Good trained against a wall or pillar or, F. amelloides, syn. Aster amelloides, A.
purple-leaved forms prefer full sun, if supported by canes, cultivated as a capensis, A. coelestis (Blue daisy). Bushy
yellow-leaved forms a little shade. Grows Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, houseplant. Thrives in a sunny or shaded subshrub, often grown as an annual.
well in any but waterlogged soil. Trim grown for its flowers and showy fruit position and in fertile, well-drained soil. Bears ovate to oblong, deep green leaves,
F. sylvatica in summer, when used as clusters. Where marginally hardy, needs Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. and light to deep blue flower heads from
hedging. Propagate species by seed sown protection in winter. Requires a hot, sunny x F. lizei (Tree ivy) illus. p.211. summer to fall. Z8–11. ‘Santa Anita’
in fall, selected forms by budding in late position and well-drained soil. Propagate ‘Annemieke’ (syn. x F.l. ‘Lemon and illus. p.157.
summer. Bracket fungi, canker-causing by softwood cuttings taken in summer or Lime’) is an evergreen, mound-forming, F. bergeriana (Kingfisher daisy). Fairly
fungi, aphids and beech coccus may by seed sown in fall. loose-branched shrub that may also be fast-growing, mat-forming annual. H and
cause problems. F. paradoxa (Apache plume) illus. p.128. trained as a climber. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 6in (15cm). Produces lance-shaped, hairy,
F. americana. See F. grandifolia. S 10ft (3m). Produces deeply lobed, glossy, gray-green leaves and small, daisylike,
F. grandifolia, syn. F. americana FARFUGIUM deep green leaves, variegated with yellow. blue flower heads, with yellow centers,
(American beech). Deciduous, spreading Sprays of small, white flowers are borne that open only in sunshine in summer and
tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Ovate, silky, pale ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE in fall. ‘Lemon and Lime’ see x F.l. early fall. Z11
green young leaves mature to dark green ‘Annemieke’. ‘Variegata’, H 5ft (1.5m),
in summer, then turn golden-brown in Genus of rhizomatous, evergreen or more if trained as a climber, has leaves, FENESTRARIA
fall. Z3–9 perennials, grown for their foliage and narrowly edged with creamy-white. Z8–11
F. orientalis (Oriental beech). Deciduous, daisylike flower heads. Grow in sun or AIZOACEAE
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). semishade and in moist but well-drained FATSIA
Large, ovate, wavy-edged, dark green soil. Propagate by division in spring or by Genus of one species of variable, dwarf,
leaves turn yellow-brown in fall. Z4–7 seed in fall or spring. ARALIACEAE stemless, cushion-forming, perennial
F. sylvatica (European beech) illus. p.64. F. japonicum, syn. Ligularia tussilaginea. succulent. Club-shaped, fleshy leaves have
‘Aspleniifolia’ see F.s. var. heterophylla Loosely clump-forming perennial. H and Genus of 2 or 3 species of evergreen, fall- gray ‘windows’ in their flattened tips.
‘Aspleniifolia’. f. atropunicea see F.s. S 2ft (60cm). Has large, rounded, toothed, flowering shrubs or small trees, grown for Frost tender. Requires sun and very well-
Atropurpurea Group. Atropurpurea basal, mid-green leaves, above which rise their foliage, flowers and fruits. Excellent drained soil. Keep bone dry in winter.
Group (syn. F.s. f. atropunicea, F.s. woolly, branched stems bearing clusters for conservatories. Where marginally Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
f. purpurea; Copper beech) is a deciduous, of daisylike, pale yellow flower heads in hardy, shelter from strong winds. Tolerates F. aurantiaca. See F. rhopalophylla
round-headed tree, H 80ft (25m), S 50ft late summer. Z7–9. ‘Aureomaculatum’ sun or shade and requires fertile, well- subsp. aurantiaca.
(15m), with ovate, wavy-margined, purple (Leopard plant) has variegated, gold-and- drained soil. Propagate by semiripe F. rhopalophylla. Clump-forming,
leaves, turning a rich copper in fall. white leaves. cuttings taken in summer, or by seed perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 8in
‘Aurea Pendula’ is a deciduous, slender sown in fall or spring. (20cm). Forms open cushions of erect,
tree with pendulous branches. H 30ft FARGESIA F. japonica, syn. Aralia japonica, club-shaped, glossy, glaucous to mid-
(10m), S 5ft (1.5m). Ovate, wavy-edged, A. sieboldii (Japanese aralia, Japanese green leaves, each with a flattened tip.
bright yellow leaves turn rich yellow and POACEAE/GRAMINEAE fatsia). Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. Bears daisylike, white flowers on long
orange-brown in fall. ‘Dawyck’ illus. p.79. H and S 10ft (3m). Has sturdy shoots and stems in late summer and fall. Z13–15.
‘Dawyck Gold’ is compact and columnar, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, very large, rounded, deeply lobed, glossy, (min. 41°F/5°C). subsp. aurantiaca (syn.
with bright yellow young foliage, turning and SEDGES. dark green leaves. Dense clusters of tiny, F. aurantiaca; Baby’s toes) illus. p.495.
green; H 50ft (15m), S 6ft (2m). ‘Dawyck F. murieliae, syn. Arundinaria murieliae, white flowers are produced in fall, and
Purple’ is similar to ‘Dawyck’, but has Sinarundinaria murieliae, Thamnocalamus these are followed by rounded, black FEROCACTUS 579
deep purple foliage. var. heterophylla spathaceus of gardens (Umbrella bamboo). fruits. Z8–10. ‘Variegata’ illus. p.144.
‘Aspleniifolia’ (syn. F.s. ‘Asplenifolia’; Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo. H 12ft F. papyrifera. See Tetrapanax papyrifer. CACTACEAE
Fern-leaved beech) illus. p.64. ‘Pendula’ (4m), S indefinite. Has attractive, gray young
(syn. F.s. f. ‘Pendula’; Weeping beech) illus. culms with loose, light brown sheaths and FAUCARIA Genus of slow-growing, flattened,
p.62. f. pendula see F.s. ‘Pendula’. broad, apple-green leaves, each very long, spherical, perennial cacti, becoming
‘Purple Fountain’ has upright leaders drawn-out at its tip. Flower spikes are Tiger jaws columnar after many years. Frost tender.
with narrow, weeping branches; H 30ft unimportant. Z5–9 Needs full sun and very well-drained soil.
(10m), S 12ft (4m). F. nitida, syn. Arundinaria nitida, AIZOACEAE Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
f. purpurea see F.s. Atropurpurea Group. Sinarundinaria nitida (Fountain bamboo). Treat blackened areoles with systemic
‘Purpurea Pendula’, H and S 10ft (3m), Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo. H 15ft Genus of clump-forming, almost stemless, fungicide and ensure plants have good
(5m), S indefinite. Has small, pointed, mid- sometimes fleshy-rooted, perennial ventilation.
green leaves on dark purple stalks and succulents with semicylindrical or F. acanthodes. See F. cylindraceus.
several branches at each node. Stems are 3-angled, fleshy, bright green leaves and F. chrysacanthus. Slow-growing,
often purple with close sheaths. Z5–9. yellow, pink, or white flowers that open

FEROCACTUS

spherical, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), FICARIA spreading, dense tree with a buttressed FIRMIANA
S 2ft (60cm). Green stem, with 13–22 ribs, trunk when mature. H 100–180ft (30–55m),
is fairly densely covered with curved, Lesser celandine S 70–130ft (20–40m). Ovate leaves, to 8in MALVACEAE
yellow-white spines. In summer bears (20cm) long, are leathery, glossy, deep
funnel-shaped, yellow, rarely red, flowers, RANUNCULACEAE green. Z11–12 (min. 50°F/10°C) Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
2in (5cm) across, only on plants 10in F. pumila, syn. F. repens (Climbing fig, grown for their foliage and to provide
(25cm) or more across. Z12–15 Genus of low-growing, herbaceous Creeping fig). Evergreen, root climber. shade. To reach tree proportions, needs
(min. 41°F/5°C) perennials, grown for their early spring H 25ft (8m), 5ft (1.5m) as a pot-grown min. 36–41°F (2–5°C). Requires well-
F. cylindraceus, syn. F. acanthodes, illus. flowers. Originally considered to be part plant. Bright, glossy green leaves are drained but moisture-retentive, fertile
p.494. of Ranunculus (buttercups), molecular heart-shaped when young, leathery and soil and full light or partial shade. Water
F. hamatacanthus, syn. Hamatocactus research has now shown that F. verna ovate when mature. Unpalatable fruits containerized specimens freely when in
hamatacanthus, illus. p.486. and 3 other closely related species are are 21∕2in (6cm) long, green and white- full growth, less in winter. Pruning is
F. latispinus. Slow-growing, flattened genetically distinct. Grow F. verna in full spotted at first, then flushed red-purple. tolerated if necessary. Propagate by seed
spherical, perennial cactus. H 8in (20cm), sun or partial shade, in moist soil, but do Only reaches adult stage in very warm when ripe or in spring.
S 16in (40cm). Grayish-green stem, with not over-water. Propagate by division in regions or under glass. Pinch out branch F. platanifolia. See F. simplex.
15–23 ribs, has broad, hooked, red or spring or fall, or sow seed in spring. Good tips to encourage branching. Z9–11. (min. F. simplex, syn. F. platanifolia, Sterculia
yellow spines. In summer, funnel-shaped, for a wild garden or under trees, but can 41°F/5°C). The leaves of ‘Variegata’ are platanifolia (Chinese parasol tree), illus.
pale yellow, white, purple, or red flowers be invasive. tAll species are poisonous. irregularly margined in white. p.451.
are borne on plants over 4in (10cm) F. verna, syn. Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser F. repens. See F. pumila.
wide. Z13–15 (min. 41°F/5°C) celandine, Pilewort). Clump-forming, very F. rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig). FITTONIA
F. setispinus. See Thelocactus setispinus. variable, tuberous perennial. H 2in (5cm), Evergreen, dense-headed tree with a
F. wislizenii. Slow-growing, spherical, S to 1ft (30cm). The basal, heart-shaped, buttressed trunk. H and S 50ft (15m) or Nerve plant, Painted net leaf
perennial cactus, columnar with age. H 6ft scalloped or toothed, glossy, dark green more. Oblong to elliptic or ovate leaves,
(2m), S 3ft (1m). Grayish-green stem, with leaves wither after flowering. In early to 4in (10cm) long, are glossy, dark green ACANTHACEAE
up to 25 ribs, is covered in flattened, fish- spring, produces shallowly cup-shaped, above, usually with rust-colored down
hook, usually reddish-brown spines, to 2in brilliant golden-yellow flowers, 1⁄4–2in beneath. Z14–15 (min 50–55°F/10–13°C) Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
(5cm) long. Funnel-shaped, orange or (2–5cm) across, that age to white. Z4–8. grown mainly for their foliage. Useful as
yellow flowers are produced in late var. albus (syn. Ranunculus ficaria var. FILIPENDULA groundcover. Frost tender. Needs a fairly
summer, on plants over 10in (25cm) wide, albus) illus. p.349. var. aurantiacus (syn. humid atmosphere. Grow in shade and
which should attain this size 10–15 years Ranunculus ficaria var. aurantiacus) illus. Meadowsweet well-drained soil; keep well watered but
after raising from seed. Z13–15 (min. p.359. ‘Brazen Hussy’ has heart-shaped, avoid waterlogging, especially in winter.
41°F/5°C) purple-bronze leaves and glossy, sulfur- ROSACEAE Cut back straggly plants in spring.
yellow flowers, bronze on the reverse. Propagate in spring or summer, with
FERRARIA Flore Pleno Group (syn. Ranunculus Genus of spring- and summer-flowering, extra heat, by division or stem cuttings.
ficaria ‘Flore Pleno’, Ranunculus ficaria var. rhizomatous perennials, grown for their F. albivenis Argyroneura Group, syn.
IRIDACEAE flore-pleno) illus. p.357. plumes of tiny, fluffy, red, pink or white F. argyroneura (Silver net leaf), illus. p.468.
flowers. Most grow in full sun or partial Verschaffeltii Group (syn.
Genus of spring-flowering corms, grown FICUS shade, in moist but well-drained, leafy F. verschaffeltii) is an evergreen, creeping
soil; some species (such as F. rubra) will perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
F for their curious, malodorous, short-lived MORACEAE thrive in boggy sites. F. vulgaris needs a Produces small, ovate, red-veined, olive-
flowers, which are pollinated by flies. drier site, in full sun. Propagate by seed green leaves; any flowers that form are
Flowers are iris-shaped with crisped Genus of deciduous or mainly evergreen in fall or by division in fall or spring. best removed. Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C)
margins to the petals. Requires full sun trees, shrubs and woody, scrambling or F. camtschatica, syn. F. kamtschatica. F. argyroneura. See F. albivenis
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, water root climbers, grown for their foliage and Clump-forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), Argyroneura Group.
during winter, and dry off after flowering. to provide shade; a few species also for S 3ft (1m). In midsummer, produces frothy, F. verschaffeltii. See F. albivenis
Dies down in summer. Propagate by their fruit. All bear insignificant clusters flat heads of scented, star-shaped, white Verschaffeltii Group.
division in late summer or by seed in fall. of flowers in spring or summer. Prefers or pale pink flowers above large, lance-
F. crispa, syn. F. undulata, illus. p.407. full light or partial shade and fertile, well- shaped, pinnate leaves. Z3–9 FITZROYA
F. undulata. See F. crispa. drained soil. Water containerized F. hexapetala. See F. vulgaris. ‘Flore
specimens moderately, very little when Pleno’ see F. vulgaris ‘Multiplex’. CUPRESSACEAE
FERULA temperatures are low. Propagate by seed F. kamtschatica. See F. camtschatica.
in spring or by leaf-bud or stem-tip F. palmata ‘Rosea’ of gardens. See See also CONIFERS.
Giant fennel cuttings or air-layering in summer. Red F. rubra ‘Venusa’. F. cupressoides, syn. F. patagonica
spider mite may be a nuisance. tThe F. palmata ‘Rubra’ of gardens. See (Patagonian cypress), illus. p.100.
APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE foliage may cause mild stomach upset if F. purpurea. F. patagonica. See F. cupressoides.
ingested; the sap may irritate skin and F. purpurea, syn. F. palmata ‘Rubra’ of
Genus of mainly summer-flowering eyes and may aggravate allergies. gardens, illus. p.238. FOENICULUM
perennials, grown for their architectural F. benghalensis (Banyan) illus. p.452. F. rubra illus. p.438. ‘Venusta’
form. Not to be confused with the culinary F. benjamina (Weeping fig). Evergreen, (syn. F. palmata ‘Rosea’ of gardens) Fennel
fennel, Foeniculum. Suitable for the back weeping tree or large shrub, often with is a spreading perennial, forming large
of a border, or as a specimen plant in a aerial roots. H 100ft (30m), S to 50ft (15m) clumps in moist soil. H 6–8ft (1.8–2.5m), APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE
wild garden. Needs sun and well-drained or more. Slender, ovate leaves, 2–5in S 4ft (1.2m). Has pinnate, irregularly
soil. Sow seed when fresh, in late summer. (5–13cm) long, are a lustrous, rich green. cut leaves, with toothed leaflets. In early Genus of one species of summer-flowering
F. communis (Giant fennel) illus. p.219. Z10–11. (min. 50°F/10°C). ‘Variegata’ and mid-summer, branched stems bear perennial, grown for its flowers and for its
illus. p.450. deep rose-pink flowers that age to pale leaves, which are decorative and used for
580 FESTUCA F. deltoidea (Mistletoe fig) illus. p.458. pink. Z3–9 culinary flavouring. Grow in an open,
F. elastica (India rubber fig, India rubber F. ulmaria, syn. Spiraea ulmaria sunny site, in fertile, well-drained soil.
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE tree, Rubber plant). ‘Decora’ is a strong- (Meadowsweet), illus. p.436. Z5–9. Remove flower heads after fading to stop
growing, evergreen, irregularly ovoid tree. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.274. self seeding. Propagate by seed in spring.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, H to 100ft (30m), S 50–70ft (15–20m). Has F. vulgaris, syn. F. hexapetala (Dropwort). F. vulgare (Fennel). ‘Bronze’ see F.v.
and SEDGES. broadly elliptic, leathery, lustrous, deep ‘Multiplex’ (syn. F. hexapetala ‘Flore ‘Purpureum’. ‘Purpureum’ (syn. F.v.
F. glauca (Blue fescue, Gray fescue). green leaves, red-flushed beneath, with Pleno’) is an upright, rosette-forming ‘Bronze’) is an erect, branching perennial.
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. creamy-white midribs. ‘Doescheri’ perennial with fleshy, swollen roots. H 6ft (2m), S 11∕2ft (45cm). Produces very
H and S to 1ft (30cm). Has arching or erect, (Rubber plant) illus. p.450. Leaves of H 3ft (1m), S 11∕2ft (45cm). In summer, finely divided, hairlike, bronze leaves and,
narrow, linear, inrolled, blue-green leaves. ‘Variegata’ are cream-margined, mottled bronze buds open to flat heads of in summer, large, flat umbels of small,
In summer, produces panicles, to 4in with gray-green.Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) rounded, double, sometimes pendent, yellow flowers. Z6–9
(10cm) long, with spikelets of violet- F. lyrata (Banjo fig, Fiddle-leaf fig) illus. creamy-white flowers, above fernlike,
flushed, blue-green flowers. Good for p.452. finely divided, toothed, hairless, dark FORSYTHIA
edging. Z4–8. Leaves of ‘Elijah Blue’ F. macrophylla (Australian banyan, green leaves. Z4–7
are vivid blue. ‘Golden Toupee’ is Moreton Bay fig). Evergreen, wide- OLEACEAE
semievergreen with bright yellow-green
leaves. Genus of mainly deciduous, sometimes
semievergreen, spring-flowering shrubs,
grown for their usually profuse, yellow
flowers, which are produced before the

FRITILLARIA

leaves emerge. Needs full sun and fertile, shaped flowers are yellow. Frost tender. glossy, dark green leaflets that are golden- F. leichtlinii subsp. alba, syn F. alba
well-drained soil. Thin out old shoots and Needs partial shade and very well-drained yellow in fall. Z6–9. of gardens, F. lactea, F. refracta var. alba.
trim hedges immediately after flowering. soil. Not well-adapted to long droughts. ‘Raywood’ (Claret ash) illus. p.66. Winter- and spring-flowering corm.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in Propagate by seed in spring or summer. F. excelsior (Common ash). Vigorous, H 8–16in (20–40cm). Produces narrow,
summer or by hardwood cuttings in fall or F. pulcherrima. See F. pygmaea. deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), upright leaves and very fragrant, white
winter. F. pygmaea, syn. F. pulcherrima, illus. S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with flowers, 1–21∕2in (2.5–6cm) long, sometimes
F. x intermedia. Deciduous, bushy shrub. p.490. usually 9–11 ovate leaflets, sometimes flushed purple. Z8–11
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has ovate to lance- become yellow in fall. Black leaf buds F. ‘Oberon’. Winter- and spring-
shaped, sharply toothed, mid-green leaves. FRANCOA are conspicuous in winter. Z5–8. flowering corm. H to 16in (40cm), S 11∕2–
Large, deep yellow flowers are produced f. diversifolia (One-leaved ash) has 21∕2in (4–6cm). Has narrow, erect, basal
sparsely from early to midspring. Z6–9. Bridal wreath leaves that are simple or with only leaves and yellow flowers, 11∕2–2in (4–5cm)
‘Lynwood Variety’, H 10ft (3m), is very 3 leaflets. ‘Jaspidea’ illus. p.60. long, light blood-red inside; the throats are
free-flowering, vigorous and upright; can FRANCOACEAE/SAXIFRAGACEAE ‘Pendula’ (Weeping ash) illus. p.79.
be used as an attractive, flowering hedge. F. mariesii. See F. sieboldiana. lemon-yellow with small, red veins. Z10–11
Minigold (‘Flojor’), H and S 6ft (2m), has Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering, F. ornus (Manna ash) illus. p.71. F. refracta var. alba. See F. leichtlinii
oblong, mid-green leaves, and produces evergreen perennials. Needs full sun and F. oxycarpa. See F. angustifolia subsp. subsp. alba.
abundant, small, 4-lobed, yellow flowers fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by oxycarpa. F. ‘Romany’. Winter- and spring-
from early to midspring. ‘Spectabilis’ seed or by division in spring. F. sieboldiana, syn. F. mariesii. Slow- flowering corm. H to 1ft (30cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in
illus. p.127. ‘Spring Glory’, H 6ft (2m), F. appendiculata. Rosette-forming growing, deciduous, compact-headed tree. (4–6cm). Similar to F. corymbosa, but has
S 5ft (1.5m), produces clusters of large, perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves consist of fragrant, double, pale mauve flowers.
4-lobed, pale yellow flowers in midspring. Racemes of small, bell-shaped, pale pink 3–7 ovate, dark green leaflets, each on a
Week end (‘Courtalyn’), H 6ft (2m), is flowers, spotted with deep pink at base, purple stalk. Produces clusters of small, Z10–11
very floriferous, with rich yellow flowers, are borne on graceful, erect stems in fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white F. ‘White Swan’. Winter- and spring-
and has a neat, compact habit. midsummer, above oblong to ovate, lobed, flowers in early summer, followed by flowering corm. H to 1ft (30cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in
F. Marée d’or (‘Courtasol’). Low- hairy, crinkled, dark green leaves. Z6–9 narrowly oblong, purple fruits. Z7–10 (4–6cm). Similar to F. corymbosa, but has
growing, spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), F. sonchifolia. Rosette-forming perennial. F. velutina (Arizona ash) illus. p.74. very fragrant, white flowers with cream
S 4ft (1.2m). Bears abundant, lemon-yellow H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces
flowers in early spring, followed by lance- racemes of cup-shaped, red-marked, pink FREESIA throats. Z10–11
shaped leaves. Useful groundcover. Z5–8 flowers in midsummer. Lobed leaves each F. xanthospila. See F. caryophyllacea.
F. ovata (Korean forsythia). Deciduous, have a large, terminal lobe. Z7–9. IRIDACEAE
bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears Rogerson’s form, H 2ft (60cm), S 2ft Fremontia. See Fremontodendron.
broadly ovate, toothed, dark green leaves. (60cm) or more, produces lance-shaped, Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
Produces small, 4-lobed, bright yellow dark green leaves and slender, wandlike corms, grown for their usually fragrant, FREMONTODENDRON F
flowers in early spring. Z4–7. ‘Tetragold’ racemes of star-shaped, light purple funnel-shaped flowers, which are popular
has larger flowers. flowers in summer. Good for groundcover. for cutting. Requires full sun and well- syn. FREMONTIA
F. suspensa (Golden bell) illus. p.195. drained soil. Plant in fall and water Flannel bush
FRANKLINIA throughout winter. Support with twigs or
FOTHERGILLA small canes. Dry off corms after flowering. MALVACEAE
THEACEAE Plant specially prepared corms outdoors in
HAMAMELIDACEAE spring for flowering in summer. Propagate Genus of vigorous, evergreen or
Genus of one species of deciduous tree by offsets in fall or by seed in spring. semievergreen shrubs or trees, grown
Genus of low-growing, deciduous, spring- or shrub, grown for its flowers and fall F. alba, syn. F. refracta var. alba. Late for their large, very showy flowers. May
flowering shrubs, grown for their fall color color. Thrives only during hot summers. winter- and spring-flowering corm. withstand occasional temperatures of 5°F
and fragrant flowers, each with a dense, Requires a position in full sun and moist H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in (4–6cm). (–15°C) if planted against a warm, sunny
bottlebrushlike cluster of stamens, which but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves wall. Needs full sun and light, not too rich,
open before or as leaves emerge. Grow in Propagate by softwood cuttings in in a basal fan. Leafless stems bear loose well-drained soil. In mild areas may be
sun or semishade, but colors best in full summer, by seed in fall, or by hardwood spikes of very fragrant, white flowers, grown as a spreading shrub, but needs
sun. Requires moist, peaty, acidic soil. cuttings in early winter. sometimes with a yellow blotch on the firm staking when young. Resents being
Propagate by softwood cuttings taken F. alatamaha. Deciduous, upright tree. lowest petal, each 2–3in (5–8cm) long. transplanted. Propagate by semiripe
in summer. H and S 15ft (5m) or more. Large, shallowly Z10–11 cuttings in summer or by seed in fall or
F. gardenii (Witch alder) illus p.163. cup-shaped, white flowers with yellow F. alba of gardens. See F. leichtlinii subsp. spring. tContact with the foliage and
F. x intermedia ‘Mount Airy’. Upright, stamens are produced in late summer and alba. shoots may irritate the skin.
vigorous shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Leaves early fall. Oblong, glossy, bright green F. armstrongii. See F. corymbosa. F. ‘California Glory’ illus. p.206.
are dark blue-green, turning vivid orange- leaves turn red in fall. Z6–9 F. caryophyllacea, syn. F. xanthospila. F. californicum. Vigorous, evergreen
red in fall. Bears white, bottlebrushlike Late winter- and spring-flowering corm. or semievergreen, upright shrub. H 20ft
flowers in spring. Z6–10 FRAXINUS H to 6in (15cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in (4–6cm). Has (6m), S 12ft (4m), when grown against a
F. major, syn. F. monticola, illus. p.117. narrow, sword-shaped leaves growing at wall. Large, saucer-shaped, bright yellow
Monticola Group (syn. F. Monticola Ash an angle. Short, leafless stems bear spikes flowers are borne amid dark green leaves,
Group) cultivars are deciduous, upright of white, narrow, tubular flowers, 11∕4–2in each with 3, 5, or 7 rounded lobes, from
shrubs, lower growing than F. major. H 5ft OLEACEAE (3–5cm) long, with the lower 3 petals late spring to midfall. Z8–10
(1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Glossy, dark green usually marked with yellow. Z11 F. ‘Pacific Sunset’. Upright, evergreen
leaves turn red, orange and yellow in fall. Genus of deciduous, rarely evergreen, F. corymbosa, syn. F. armstrongii. shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10–12ft (3–4m).
Tufts of fragrant, white flowers are borne trees, grown mainly for their habit and Late winter-and spring-flowering corm. Rounded, strongly lobed leaves are dark
in late spring. Z5–8 foliage of paired leaflets; flowers are H to 1ft (30cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in (4–6cm). green. In summer, bears saucer-shaped,
F. monticola. See F. major. usually insignificant. Requires a position Basal, erect leaves are narrowly sword- bright yellow flowers, to 21∕2in (6cm)
F. Monticola Group. See F. major in sun and fertile, well-drained but not shaped. Flower stem bends horizontally across, with long, slender-pointed lobes.
Monticola Group. too dry soil. Propagate species by seed in near the top and bears a spike of upright, Z9–10
fall, selected forms by budding in summer. unscented, flowers, 11∕4–11∕2in (3–3.5cm) F. ‘Tequila Sunrise’. Upright, evergreen
Fragaria indica. See Duchesnea indica. tContact with lichens on the bark may long, creamy-white, pale yellow with shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Slightly
aggravate skin allergies. bright yellow lower petals, or pale pink less vigorous than F. ‘Pacific Sunrise’,
FRAILEA F. americana (White ash). Fast-growing, with yellow throats. Z10–11 with marginally smaller flowers. These
deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), F. ‘Golden Melody’. Winter- and spring- are borne from late spring to fall and are
CACTACEAE S 50ft (15m). Leaves are dark green, flowering corm. H to 1ft (30cm), S 11∕2–21∕2in rich orange-yellow, with darker centers.
with 5–9 ovate to lance-shaped leaflets, (4–6cm). Similar to F. corymbosa, but has Z9–10
Genus of dwarf, flattened spherical to sometimes turning yellow or purple larger, fragrant, all yellow flowers. Z10–11
columnar, perennial cacti with tuberculate in fall. Z6–9 F. lactea. See F. leichtlinii subsp. alba. FRITILLARIA 581
ribs. Bears short spines, mostly bristlelike. F. angustifolia ‘Raywood’. See F. F. laxa, syn. Anomatheca laxa, Lapeirousia
In summer, produces abundant buds, most angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa ‘Raywood’. cruenta, L. laxa, illus. p.423. LILIACEAE
of which develop into small, spherical, F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa,
shiny pods without opening. Funnel- syn. F. oxycarpa (Narrow-leaved ash). Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
Deciduous, spreading, elegant tree. for their pendent, mainly bell-shaped
H 80ft (25m), S 40ft (12m). Leaves usually flowers on leafy stems. Depending on the
consist of 9–11 slender, lance-shaped, species, requires full sun or partial shade,
and well-drained soil that dries out slightly

FRITILLARIA

F in summer when bulbs are dormant FUCHSIA tubes and sepals with reddish-purple petals. F. ‘Cloverdale Pearl’. Deciduous, upright
but that does not become sunbaked, Suitable for a hanging basket or for shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). Foliage is
582 or moist, rich soil. Grow F. meleagris, ONAGRACEAE training as a weeping standard. Z9–11 mid-green with crimson midribs. Flowers
which is good for naturalizing in grass, F. x bacillaris. Group of deciduous, erect have pinkish-white tubes, pink-veined,
in moisture-retentive soil. Propagate Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs or spreading shrubs. H and S 21∕2ft (75cm). white petals and green-tipped, pink sepals.
by offsets in summer or by seed in fall and trees, and a few perennials, grown Small leaves are mid- to dark green. Bears Readily trained as a standard. Z9–11
or winter. for their flowers, usually borne from early minute, pink or crimson flowers (color F. ‘Coquet Bell’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F. acmopetala illus. p.406. summer to early fall. If temperatures varying according to sun), and sometimes upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
F. bucharica. Spring-flowering bulb. remain above 39°F (4°C), deciduous plants glossy, purplish-brown fruits. Good for a Bears a profusion of single or semidouble
H 4–14in (10–35cm), S 2in (5cm). Stems are evergreen, but temperatures above rock garden or hanging basket. Z9–11 flowers with pinkish-red tubes and sepals
each bear spreading, lance-shaped to 90°F (32°C) should be avoided. Prolonged F. ‘Ballet Girl’. Deciduous, upright and red-veined, pale mauve petals. Z9–11
ovate, gray-green leaves and a raceme low temperatures cause loss of top shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–30in (45– F. ‘Coralle’, syn. F. ‘Koralle’ (illus. p.302).
of up to 10 cup-shaped, green-tinted, growth. If top growth dies in winter, cut 75cm). Bears large, double flowers with Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
white flowers, 5∕8–3∕4in (1.5–2cm) long. back to ground level in spring. Needs a bright cerise tubes and sepals, and white Foliage is velvety, deep green. Very small,
Z8–10 sheltered, partially shaded position, except petals with cerise veins at the base. Z9–11 salmon-orange flowers, with long, narrow
F. camschatcensis (Black sarana) illus. where stated otherwise, and fertile, moist F. ‘Bicentennial’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, tubes and small sepals and petals, are
p.403. but well-drained soil. When grown as lax shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–24in bunched at branch ends. Useful for
F. cirrhosa illus. p.406. potted plants in a greenhouse, fuchsias (45–60cm). Bears medium double flowers summer bedding and as a specimen plant.
F. crassifolia. Spring-flowering bulb. need high-nitrogen feeds and, when in with thin white tubes, orange sepals, and Prefers sun. Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has flower, plenty of potash. Propagate by double corollas with magenta centers F. ‘Corallina’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous,
spreading, lance-shaped, gray-green softwood cuttings in any season. surrounded by orange petals. Z9–11 spreading shrub. H 16in (40cm), S 60in
leaves. Stems each bear 1–3 bell-shaped, F. boliviana. Fast-growing, deciduous, (1.5m). Has burgundy-red stems and mid-
green flowers, 3∕4–1in (2–2.5cm) long, and Tubular flowers are almost always upright shrub or small tree. H 10ft (3m), green leaves flushed bronze at the bases.
checkered brown. Z6–8 pendulous and often bicolored, with petals S 3ft (1m). Has large, soft, gray-green leaves Pendent, medium flowers have narrow,
F. delphinensis. See F. tubiformis. of one hue, and a tube and 4 sepals of with reddish midribs. Long-tubed, scarlet scarlet tubes and spreading sepals and
F. imperialis (Crown imperial) illus. another. Flowers are described below as flowers, bunched at ends of branches, are broader, shorter, purple petals tinted red
p.383. ‘Lutea’ illus. p.382. ‘Maxima “small” 3∕4–11∕2in (2–4cm) across, “medium” followed by pleasantly flavoured, black at the bases. Z9–11
Lutea’ is a robust, spring-flowering bulb. 11∕2–21∕2in (4–6cm), or “large” 21∕2in (6cm) fruits. Needs a large pot and plenty of F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’. See F. boliviana
H to 5ft (1.5m), S 9–12in (23–30cm). Leafy or more across. Leaves are ovate and mid- space to grow well. Resents being pinched var. alba.
stems bear whorls of light green leaves. green unless otherwise stated. Spherical back. Very susceptible to whitefly. Z13–15. F. ‘Dancing Flame’. Deciduous, lax
Bears umbels of 3–6 widely bell-shaped, to cylindrical, usually blackish-purple fruits (min. 41°F/5°C) var. alba (syn. F.b. var. shrub. H and S 18in (45cm). Strong stems
brilliant yellow flowers, to 21∕2in (6cm) long, are edible, but mostly poor-flavoured. luxurians ‘Alba’, F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’) has bear small, ovate, deep green leaves.
crowned by small, leaflike bracts. ‘Rubra Upright types may be trained as compact flowers with white tubes and sepals and Medium, double flowers have orange to
Maxima’ has deep red flowers. Z4–8 bushes or standards or, with more scarlet petals, followed by green fruits. pink tubes; the light orange, curving sepals
F. meleagris (Snake’s-head fritillary) difficulty, as pyramids. Lax or trailing var. luxurians ‘Alba’ see F.b. var. alba. and orange-carmine petals are darker on
illus. p.402. plants are good for hanging baskets, but F. ‘Bon Accorde’. Vigorous, deciduous, under- or outersides. Z9–11
F. michailovskyi. Spring-flowering bulb. may be trained on trellises; if they are used upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm). F. ‘Dark Eyes’. Deciduous, bushy, upright
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Lance- for summer bedding they require staking. Small, erect flowers have white tubes and shrub. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24–30in (60–
shaped, mid-green leaves are scattered Heights given in descriptions below are of sepals and pale purple petals. Z9–11 75cm). Bears medium, double flowers that
on the stems. Produces 1–4 bell-shaped plants grown in frost-free conditions. See F. ‘Brookwood Belle’. Deciduous, lax, hold their shape for a long time. The tubes
flowers, 3∕4–11∕4in (2–3cm) long, colored also feature panels, p.154 (hardy fuchsias) bushy shrub with strong, short-jointed and upturned sepals are deep red, and
purplish-brown with the upper third of and p.302 (tender fuchsias). stems. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Medium, petals deep violet-blue. Z9–11
petals bright yellow. Z5–8 F. ‘Alice Hoffman’. Deciduous, compact double flowers have deep cerise tubes and F. denticulata. Deciduous, erect to
F. pallidiflora illus. p.406. shrub. H and S 21∕2ft (75cm). Has bronze sepals, and white petals flushed pink and scandent shrub. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite.
F. persica illus. p.382. ‘Adiyaman’ foliage and small, semidouble flowers with veined deep rose-pink. Z9–11 Leaves are glossy, dark green above and
is a spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), rose-red tubes and sepals and rose-veined, F. ‘Brutus’. Vigorous, deciduous, upright, reddish-green beneath. Small, single
S 4in (10cm). Narrowly lance-shaped, gray- white petals. Z9–11 free-flowering shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft flowers have long, crimson, pink or
green leaves are produced along the stem. F. ‘Annabel’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, (1m). Medium, single flowers have lavender tubes, green-tipped, pale pink
Bears a spike of 10–20 or more narrowly upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). crimson-red tubes and sepals and deep sepals and orange to vermilion petals.
bell-shaped, deep blackish-purple flowers, Produces large, double, pink-tinged, creamy- purple petals. Z9–11 Under glass, flowering continues from
5∕8–3∕4in (1.5–2cm) long. ‘Ivory Bells’ illus. white flowers amid pale green leaves. F. ‘Burning Bush’. See F. ‘Autumnale’. summer into fall and winter. Z9–11
p.382. Z6–8 Excellent grown as a standard. Z9–11 F. California Dreamer Series F. ‘Display’. Deciduous, upright shrub.
F. pontica illus. p.406. F. ‘Applause’. Deciduous, lax, upright Deciduous, semitrailing shrubs. H and H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). Bears medium,
F. pudica (Yellow fritillary) illus. p.422. shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), S 18–24in (45– S 18in (45cm). Bear large, blowsy, fully single, saucer-shaped flowers with
F. pyrenaica illus. p.403. 60cm). Very large, double flowers have double flowers. Ideal for a large container. carmine-red sepals and pink petals. Z9–11
F. raddeana illus. p.382. short, thick, pale carmine tubes, very broad, Z9–11. ‘Bella Rosella’ is strong-growing F. ‘Dollar Princess’. See F. ‘Dollar
F. recurva (Scarlet fritillary) illus. p.383. carmine sepals with a pale central streak, and trailing. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 20–23in Prinzessin’.
F. sewerzowii, syn. Korolkowia and many, spreading, deep orange-red (50–60cm). Bears large, double flowers F. ‘Dollar Prinzessin’, syn. F. ‘Dollar
sewerzowii. Spring-flowering bulb. petals. Has best color in shade. Needs with pale pink sepals, and ruffled, darker Princess‘ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, upright
H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). staking as a bush; will trail with weights. pink petals. Excellent in a hanging basket. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). Small,
Stems bear scattered, broadly lance- Z9–11 F. ‘Cascade’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. double flowers have cerise-red tubes and
shaped, gray-green leaves. Produces a F. arborea. See F. arborescens. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears medium, sepals and rich purple petals. Z9–11
spike of up to 12 narrowly bell-shaped, F. arborescens, syn. F. arborea (Tree single flowers with red-tinged, white tubes F. ‘Estelle Marie’. Deciduous, upright
green or metallic purplish-blue flowers, fuchsia). Evergreen, upright shrub or small and sepals and deep carmine-red petals. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Small,
1–11∕2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, with flared tree. H 25ft (8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Foliage is Excellent for a hanging basket. Z9–11 single flowers have white tubes, green-
mouths. Z6–8 mid- to dark green. Erect heads of tiny, F. ‘Celia Smedley’ (illus. p.302). tipped, white sepals and mauve petals.
F. tubiformis, syn. F. delphinensis. pale mauve to pink flowers, borne year- Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft Excellent for summer bedding. Z9–11
Spring-flowering bulb. H 6–14in (15–35cm), round, are followed by black fruits with (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Large, single or semi- F. ‘Flash’. Fast-growing, deciduous, stiffly
S 2–3in (5–8cm). Stems bear scattered, gray-blue bloom. May also be grown as double flowers have greenish-white tubes, erect shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 20in (50cm).
narrowly lance-shaped, glaucous, gray- a potted plant. Z9–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) pale pinkish-white sepals and currant-red Produces small, single, red flowers amid
green leaves and a solitary, broadly bell- F. ‘Auntie Jinks’. Deciduous, trailing petals. Best trained as a standard. Z9–11 small leaves. Z9–11
shaped, grayish-purple flower, 11∕2–2in shrub. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–16in (20– F. ‘Checkerboard’. Vigorous, deciduous, F. ‘Flirtation Waltz’. Vigorous,
(3.5–5cm) long, white within and 40cm). Bears small, single flowers with pink- upright shrub with strong stems. H 30–36in deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m),
conspicuously checkered purplish- red tubes, cerise-margined white sepals, (75–90cm), S 18–30in (45–75cm). Produces S 21∕2ft (75cm). Produces large, double
brown. Z7–9 and white-shaded purple petals. Z9–11 medium, single flowers with slightly flowers with petals in shades of pink,
F. verticillata illus. p.382. F. ‘Autumnale’, syn. F. ‘Burning Bush’. curved-back, long red tubes, red sepals and white tubes and sepals. Z9–11
Deciduous, prostrate shrub, grown mainly turning white and white-based, dark red F. fulgens (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
for its foliage. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 20in petals. Z9–11 upright shrub with tubers. H 6ft (2m),
(50cm). Bears variegated red, gold and
bronze leaves. Medium flowers have red

FUCHSIA

S 3ft (1m). Very small, single, pink- to red- F. ‘Joy Patmore’. Vigorous, deciduous, profusion of small, single flowers with F. ‘Rose Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff, F
tubed flowers, with pale red, green-tinged upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). flesh-pink tubes, pinkish-white sepals and upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm),
sepals and vivid red petals, hang in short Medium, single flowers have white tubes, deep rose-pink petals. Z9–11 S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears medium, single, 583
clusters amid large, pale green leaves and green-tipped, white sepals and cerise petals F. ‘Mrs. Popple’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous, upward-looking flowers, in profusion, with
are followed by edible but acidic, deep with white bases. Good as a standard. Z9–11 deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), rose-pink tubes, dark rose-pink sepals with
purple fruits. Tubers may be stored dry for F. ‘Koralle’. See F. ‘Coralle’. S 21∕2ft (75cm). Medium, single flowers with green tips and red-purple petals, veined
winter or propagated by division in F. ‘La Campanella’. Deciduous, trailing red tubes, overhanging, red sepals and rose-pink. Good for borders or pots. Z9–11
spring. Highly susceptible to whitefly. Z10– shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has small, purple petals. In a sheltered area may be F. ‘Rose of Castile’. Vigorous,
11 semidouble flowers with white tubes, pink- grown as a hedge. Z9–11 deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
F. ‘Garden News’. Deciduous, upright flushed, white sepals and cerise-purple F. ‘Mrs. W. Rundle’. Vigorous, S 3ft (1m). Produces small, single flowers
shrub with strong stems. H and S 18–24in petals. Best in a hanging basket or against deciduous, lax shrub. H and S 21∕2ft (75cm). with white tubes, green-tipped, white
(45–60cm). Medium, double flowers have a trellis. Z9–11 Produces large, single flowers with long, sepals and purple-flushed, pink petals.
short, thick, pink tubes, frost-pink sepals F. ‘Lady Thumb’ illus. p.152. pink tubes, green-tipped, pink sepals and Good as a standard. Z9–11
and magenta-rose petals that become F. ‘Lena’. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and vermilion petals. Good trained as a standard F. ‘Rough Silk’. Vigorous, deciduous,
rose-pink at the base. Z9–11 S 3ft (1m). Bears medium, single to or in a large hanging basket. Z9–11 trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears
F. ‘Genii’. Deciduous, erect shrub. H 5ft semidouble flowers with pale pink sepals F. ‘Nancy Lou’. Vigorous, deciduous, large, single flowers with pink tubes, long,
(1.5m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). Golden-green foliage. and tubes and pink-flushed, purple petals. upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large, spreading, pink sepals and wine-red petals.
Produces small, single flowers with cerise- Good as a standard. Z9–11 double flowers have pink tubes, upright, Grows best in a large hanging basket or
red tubes and sepals, reddish-purple F. ‘Leonora’ illus. p.301. green-tipped, pink sepals and bright white when trained against a trellis. Z9–11
petals. Good trained as a standard. Z9–11 F. ‘Love’s Reward’. Deciduous, upright, petals. Z9–11 F. ‘Royal Velvet’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F. ‘Golden Dawn’. Deciduous, upright short-jointed shrub. H and S 12–18in (30– F. ‘Nellie Nuttall’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21∕2ft (75cm).
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). Single, 45cm). Small to medium, single flowers deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft Bears large, double flowers with red tubes
medium flowers are salmon-pink. Good as have white to pale pink tubes and sepals (75cm). Freely bears small, single, upward- and sepals and deep purple petals, splashed
a standard. Z9–11 and violet-blue petals. Z9–11 facing flowers, with rose-red tubes and deep pink. Excellent as a standard. Z9–11
F. ‘Golden Marinka’ (illus. p.302). F. ‘Lye’s Unique’. Vigorous, deciduous, sepals and white petals. Excellent for F. ‘Rufus’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous,
Deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has summer bedding and as a standard. Z9–11 deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
S indefinite. Has medium, single red flowers medium, single flowers with long, white F. ‘Other Fellow’. Deciduous, upright S 21∕2ft (75cm). Has a profusion of medium,
and variegated golden-yellow leaves with tubes and sepals and orange-red petals. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). Small, single, bright red flowers. Easily trained as
red veins. Good for a hanging basket. Z9–11 Good for training as a large pyramid. Z9–11 single flowers have white tubes and sepals a standard. Z9–11
F. ‘Gruss aus dem Bodethal’. F. ‘Madame Cornélissen’ (illus. p.154). and pink petals, white at the bases. Z9–11 F. ‘Shelford’. Deciduous, upright, short-
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S to 3ft F. ‘Pacquesa’. Vigorous, deciduous, jointed shrub. H 14–20in (35–50cm), S 18–24in
S 21∕2ft (75cm). Small, semidouble or single, (1m). Bears single flowers with long, mauve- upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). (45–60cm). Bears abundant, medium,
crimson flowers open almost black, red tubes and sepals and white petals. Z9–11 Large, single flowers have deep red tubes single flowers with slightly fluted, baby-
becoming larger and paler with age. Z9–11 F. magellanica (illus. p.154). Deciduous, and sepals and red-veined, white petals. pink tubes, long, narrow, baby-pink sepals
F. ‘Harry Gray’. Deciduous, lax shrub. upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Good for training as a standard. Z9–11 and white petals with slight pink veining at
H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears a profusion Small, single flowers with red tubes, long, F. ‘Peppermint Stick’. Deciduous, the bases. Suitable for training. Z9–11
of double flowers with pale pink tubes, green- red sepals and purple petals are followed upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large, F. splendens. Deciduous, upright shrub.
tipped, white sepals and white to pale pink by red-purple fruits. Z6–9. ‘Alba’ see F.m. double, carmine-red flowers have a central, H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Small, single flowers,
petals. Excellent in a hanging basket. Z9–11 var. molinae. var. gracilis (illus. p.154) is white stripe and royal purple sepals. Z9–11 with broad, orange tubes, pinched in their
F. ‘Heidi Weiss’, syn. F. ‘White Ann’ of compact and mound-forming, with rich F. ‘Phyllis’. Deciduous, upright shrub. middles, and short, green sepals and
gardens, F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. red stems. H 32in (80cm), S 4ft (1.2m). H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Small to medium, petals, are borne in spring amid pale green
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft Bears pendent, medium flowers with semidouble flowers, with rose-red tubes foliage. Susceptible to whitefly. Z9–11
(75cm). Has double flowers with red tubes narrow, slightly spreading, scarlet sepals and sepals and crimson petals, are followed F. ‘Strawberry Delight’. Deciduous, lax
and sepals and cerise-veined, white petals. and shorter, deep purple petals. var. by abundant, black fruits. In a sheltered shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Yellowish-green
Good for training as a standard. Z9–11 gracilis ‘Aurea’ is vigorous, with golden area, may be grown as a hedge. Z9–11 leaves are slightly bronzed. Produces large,
F. ‘Howlett’s Hardy’ (illus. p.154). yellow leaves (illus. p.302). var. molinae F. ‘Pink Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff, double flowers with red tubes and sepals
Deciduous, mound-forming shrub. H 16in (syn. F.m. ‘Alba’) has very pale pink upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), and pink-flushed, white petals. Excellent as
(40cm). S 2ft (60cm). Dark red-purple stems flowers. var. molinae ‘Enstone’ has S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears medium, single, a standard or hanging basket plant. Z9–11
bear slightly bronzed, mid-green leaves. gold and green, variegated foliage. upward-looking flowers, in profusion, with F. ‘Sunray’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
Throughout summer produces numerous, var. molinae ‘Sharpitor’ produces white tubes and sepals blushed dark pink, upright shrub. H and S to 28in (70cm).
pendent, medium flowers with spreading cream and pale green, variegated leaves. and dark purple petals, veined pink, with White-edged, light green leaves are
to reflexed, scarlet sepals and bright purple ‘Thompsonii’ (illus. p.154), H 5ft (1.5m), white bases. Good for borders or pots. sometimes pink flushed. Medium, single,
petals veined red at the bases. Z9–11 S 3ft (1m), has bright red tubes and sepals Z9–11 red-violet flowers, with deep pink sepals,
F. ‘Hula Girl’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. and purple petals, red-tinted at the bases. F. ‘Pink Galore’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, are borne freely in summer–fall. Z9–11
H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears large, double F. ‘Margaret Brown’. Deciduous, free- trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. F. ‘Swingtime’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
flowers with deep rose-pink tubes and flowering, upright shrub. H and S 2–3ft Has large, double, pale pink flowers. Grows deciduous, lax shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has
sepals and pink-flushed, white petals. Grow (60–90cm). Has strong stems and light best in a large hanging basket or when large, double flowers with red tubes and
in a large hanging basket or train against green foliage, and bears small, single trained against a trellis. Z9–11 sepals and red-veined, creamy-white
a trellis. Z9–11 flowers in 2 shades of pink in summer. Z9–11 F. procumbens (Trailing fuchsia). petals. Good as a standard or hanging
F. ‘Jack Shahan’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, F. ‘Marinka’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. Deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm), basket plant. Z9–11
deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Medium, single, red S indefinite. Produces tiny, erect, petalless, F. ‘Texas Longhorn’. Deciduous, lax
S indefinite. Produces large, single pale flowers with darker petals that are folded yellow- to orange-tubed flowers with purple shrub. H and S 21∕2ft (75cm). Very large,
to deep pink flowers. Excellent for a at outer edges are borne amid dark green sepals and bright blue pollen. Has small, double flowers have red tubes, long,
hanging basket, for training into a weeping leaves with crimson midribs. Foliage dark green leaves and large, red fruits. spreading, red sepals and cerise-veined,
standard, or upright against a trellis. Z9–11 becomes discolored in full sun or cold Suits a rock garden and a hanging basket. white petals. Grow as a standard or in a
F. ‘Joanna Lumley’ (illus. p.302). winds. Good in a hanging basket. Z9–11 Encourage flowering by root restriction hanging basket. Z9–11
Deciduous, semitrailing shrub. H and F. ‘Micky Goult’. Vigorous, deciduous, or grow in poor, sandy soil. Z9–11 F. ‘Thalia’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
S 12–15in (30–38cm). Bears large, double upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). F. ‘Red Spider’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Foliage
flowers with rather upright, blushed white Small flowers, with white tubes, pink- trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. is dark maroon and velvety. Very small
sepals and lilac petals stained pink at the tinged, white sepals and pale purple petals, Bears medium, single, red flowers with flowers, with long, red tubes, small, red
bases. Z9–11 are produced amid pale green foliage. Z9–11 long, narrow, spreading sepals and darker sepals and small, orange-red petals, are
F. ‘John Ridding’, syn. F. triphylla F. ‘Mieke Meursing’. Deciduous, petals. Best in a large hanging basket or bunched at ends of branches. Excellent
‘Firecracker’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21∕2ft (75cm). when trained against a trellis. Z9–11 for summer bedding schemes. Prefers a
upright shrub. H 21∕2ft (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Medium, single to semidouble flowers F. ‘Riccartonii’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, position in full sun. Z9–11 (in. 41°F/5°C)
Has pink-veined, olive-green leaves, with have red tubes and sepals and pale pink stiff, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). F. thymifolia. Deciduous, lax shrub.
cream margins, and produces small, long- petals with cerise veins. Z9–11 Has dark green leaves with a slight bronze H and S 3ft (1m). Has pale green foliage
tubed, bright orange-pink flowers. Z10–11 F. ‘Mrs. Lovell Swisher’ (illus. p.302). sheen. Small, single flowers have red tubes and a few minute, greenish-white flowers
(min. 41°F/5°C) Deciduous, upright shrub. H 18–24in (45– and red sepals and purple petals. Good as that age to purplish-pink. Bears black
60cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Bears a a hedge in sheltered, frost-free areas. Z9–11

FUCHSIA

fruits on female plants if pollen-bearing G G. ‘Arnott’s Seedling’. See G. ‘S. Arnott’. flowers, 11∕4–11∕2in (3–3.5cm) long, with an
plants of this species or of F. x bacillaris G. ‘Atkinsii’ illus. p.427. upside-down, V-shaped, green mark at
are also grown. Z9–11 GAGEA G. ‘Bertram Anderson’. Robust, late the tip of each inner petal. Z6–10
F. ‘Tom Thumb’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, winter-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has G. nivalis (Common snowdrop). Late
upright shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears LILIACEAE erect, flat to pleated, blue-green leaves. winter- and early spring-flowering bulb.
small, single flowers with red tubes and Produces a stalk, rarely 2, with large, H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has
sepals and mauve-purple petals. May be Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown rounded flowers, to 11∕4in (3cm) long. Each narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
trained as a miniature standard. Z9–11 for their clusters of funnel- or star-shaped, inner petal is tipped with a broad, inverted, gray-green leaves. Flowers are 3∕4–1in
F. ‘Tom West’. Deciduous, upright, lax white or yellow flowers. Suitable for rock deep green mark. Z6–10 (2–2.5cm) long with a green mark at the
shrub. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has gardens. Prefers full light and well-drained G. ‘Bill Bishop’. Robust, late winter- tip of each inner petal. Z3–8. ‘Flore
green and cream variegated foliage and soil that does not become too hot and dry. flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Produces Pleno’ illus. p.427. ‘Howick Yellow’
small, single flowers with red tubes and Dies down in summer. Propagate by semierect, gray-green leaves. Large, see G.n. ‘Sandersii’. ‘Lutescens’ see G.n.
sepals, and purple petals. Z9–11 division in spring or fall or by seed in fall. rounded flowers, to 11∕2in (4cm) long, have ‘Sandersii’. ‘Pusey Green Tip’ illus. p.427.
F. triphylla. Deciduous, upright shrub, G. graeca, syn. Lloydia graeca. Spring- inner petals each with a broad, V-shaped, ‘Sandersii’ (syn. G.n. ‘Howick Yellow’, G.n.
sometimes confused with F. ‘Thalia’. H and flowering bulb. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 11⁄4–2in deep green mark at the tip. Z6–10 ‘Lutescens’) illus. p.428. ‘Scharlockii’
S 20in (50cm). Spikes of narrow, long- (3–5cm). Threadlike, semierect leaves form G. corcyrensis. See G. reginae-olgae. illus. p.428.
tubed, bright reddish-orange flowers, with at ground level and on wiry stems. Bears G. ‘Cowhouse Green’. Late winter- G. ‘Ophelia’. Vigorous, late winter-
small petals and sepals, are borne above up to 5 widely funnel-shaped, purple- flowering bulb. H 6in (16cm). Gray-green flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has upright,
dark bronze-green leaves that are purple veined, white flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–1.5cm) leaves are sometimes slightly pleated at flat to slightly pleated, gray-green leaves.
beneath. Very difficult to grow. Z9–11. long. Z7–9 the edges. Bears rounded flowers, to 1in Neat, double flowers, to 3⁄4in (2cm) across,
‘Firecracker’ see F. ‘John Ridding’. G. peduncularis. Spring-flowering (25cm) long, with outer petals smudged have green-blotched outer petals. Z6–10
F. ‘Waveney Gem’. Deciduous, trailing bulb.H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). and lined pale green at the tips, and inner G. peshmenii. Mid- to late-fall-flowering
shrub. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears Has threadlike, semierect leaves at base petals with upside-down, V-shaped marks. bulb. H 5in (12cm). Leaves are short or
small to medium, single white and mauve- and on stem. Bears a loose head of flat, Z6–10 undeveloped at flowering, narrow and
pink flowers from early summer. Z9–11 star-shaped, yellow flowers, each 5⁄8–11⁄4in G. elwesii illus. p.427. ‘Godfrey Owen’ gray-green when mature. Produces
F. ‘White Ann’ of gardens. See F. ‘Heidi (1.5–3cm) across, green striped outside. is a late winter- and early spring-flowering rounded or egg-shaped flowers, 1in (25cm)
Weiss’. Z6–9 bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). long; each inner petal is tipped with
F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. See Semierect, basal, gray-green leaves widen a Y- to U-shaped, green mark. Z6–10
F. ‘Heidi Weiss’. GAILLARDIA gradually toward tips. Bears flowers, to 6in G. plicatus. Robust late winter- and early
F. ‘Whiteknights Pearl’. Deciduous, (16cm) long, unusually with 6 petals, spring-flowering bulb. H to 8in (20cm).
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Blanket flower occasionally more, of the same size; each Broad, pleated, leaves are glaucous, dark
In summer-fall, freely produces small, single inner petal has 2 small, green dots at the green. Produces rounded flowers, 3⁄4–11⁄4in
flowers with long, thin, white tubes, pale ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE tip, sometimes smaller green marks near (2–3cm) long, with V- to U-shaped,
pink sepals with small green tips, and clear the base. ‘Rosemary Burnham’, H 5in sometimes variable green marks at the tip
pink corollas with rounded petals. Z9–11 Genus of summer-flowering annuals, (13cm), has short leaves. Bears greenish- of each inner petal. Z3–8. subsp.
F. ‘Winston Churchill’. Deciduous, biennials and perennials that tend to be white flowers; inner petals are green with byzantinus illus. p.427. ‘Diggory’ has
bushy, upright, extremely free-flowering short-lived. Requires sun and prefers well- narrow, white margins and the outer unusual, puckered, balloonlike flowers,
shrub. H and S 18–30in (45–75cm). Has drained soil. May need staking. Propagate petals are veined pale green. Z3–9 flattened at the tips. ‘Wendy’s Gold’ (syn.
species by seed in fall or spring, selected G. ‘Emma Mackenzie’. Vigorous bulb G. ‘Wendy’s Gold’), H 51∕2in (14cm), has
F medium, fully double flowers with green- forms by root cuttings in winter. with rolled, gray-green leaves. H 6in flowers with a yellow ovary and yellow-
tipped pink tubes, broad, reflexed sepals, G. x grandiflora. Bushy, often short- (15cm). Often produces 2 or 3 flower tipped inner petals.
and lavender-blue corollas that age to lived perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 18in stalks. Large flowers have pointed, wavy- G. reginae-olgae, syn. G. corcyrensis.
purple. Good for summer bedding, or (45cm). Has sword-shaped, gray- to mid- edged outer petals and dark green inner Slender, fall-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm).
trained as a standard in containers. Z9–11 green leaves. Bears large, daisylike, yellow petals with frilled, white margins. Z6–10 Has dull green, narrow leaves, gray-green
flowers with red bases and yellow-brown G. fosteri. Slender, late winter-flowering beneath, with a central, grayish stripe.
584 FURCRAEA centers. Z6–10. Arizona Series illus. bulb. H 51∕2in (14cm). Has lance-to strap- Produces faintly scented flowers, to 1–11⁄4in
p.327. ‘Dazzler’ is an upright, rather open shaped, deep green leaves. Bears flowers, (2.5–3cm) long, with green-tipped inner
ASPARAGACEAE/AGAVACEAE perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 20in (50cm). 5⁄8–1in (1.5–2.5cm) long; inner petals are petals, as the leaves emerge. Z6–10
Yellow-tipped, bright orange-red flower marked green at the tips and bases. Needs G. rizehensis illus. p.428.
Genus of perennial succulents with dense heads, with maroon centers, are borne for a sheltered site. Plant 4in (10cm) deep to G. ‘Rodmarton Arcturus’. Vigorous,
clusters of sword-shaped, fleshy, toothed a long period in summer. Leaves are soft avoid non-flowering offsets. Z6–10 late winter- and early spring-flowering
leaves in terminal or basal rosettes; and divided. ‘Kobold’ bears yellow- G. gracilis, syn. G. graecus of gardens, bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has slender, pleated,
rosettes die after flowering. Resembles tipped, rich red flower heads with red illus. p.427. gray-green leaves. Bears elegant, rounded
Agave, but has short-tubed flowers. centers. Mesa Series illus. p.319. G. graecus of gardens. See G. gracilis. flowers with inner petals blotched green
Requires a position in full sun and in well- ‘Oranges and Lemons’ illus. p.277. G. ‘Hill Poë’ illus. p.427. at the bases and in 2 spots at the tip notch.
drained soil. Protect from winter wet. G. ikariae, syn. G. latifolius of gardens, Z6–10
Propagate by bulbils, borne on lower stems, GALANTHUS illus. p.427. G. ‘Sam Arnott’. See G. ‘S. Arnott’.
when developed. G. ‘John Gray’. Robust, early winter- G. ‘S. Arnott’, syn. G. ‘Arnott’s Seedling’,
F. bedinghausii. See F. parmentieri. Snowdrop flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has erect, G. ‘Sam Arnott’. Vigorous, late winter- and
F. foetida, syn. F. gigantea. Basal- narrow, gray-green leaves. Arching stalks early spring-flowering bulb.
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 10ft (3m), AMARYLLIDACEAE bear large flowers, 11⁄4–11∕2in (3–4cm) long; H 8in (20cm). Gray-green leaves are
S 15ft (5m). Has broadly sword-shaped, each inner petal has an X-shaped, green sometimes slightly pleated. Large, honey-
fleshy, mid-green leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent, mark. Z6–10 scented, rounded flowers, to 11∕2in (3.5cm)
with edges toothed only at the base. Flower white flowers, one on each slender stem G. ‘Ketton’. Robust, late winter-flowering long, have upside-down, V- to U- shaped
stems, to 25ft (8m), produce scented, bell- between 2 basal leaves. Easily recognized bulb. H 7in (18cm). Has narrow to very green marks on each inner petal.
shaped, green flowers, white within, in by its 3 large, outer petals and 3 small, narrow, pleated, gray-green leaves. Bears Z6–10
summer. Z10–15. (min. 45°F/7°C) inner ones forming a cup, which is green- large flowers, 11⁄4–11∕2in (3–4cm), with pairs G. ‘South Hayes’. Spring-flowering bulb.
‘Mediopicta’ (syn. F.f. var. mediopicta, marked. Needs a cool, partially shaded of small, green blotches, sometimes joined, H 5in (12cm). Has semierect, gray-green
F.f. ‘Variegata’) illus. p.481. position and humus-rich, moist soil. Do at the inner petal tips. Z6–10 leaves, sometimes with slightly turned
F. gigantea. See F. foetida. not allow bulbs to dry out excessively. G. latifolius of gardens. See G. ikariae. back edges. Outer petals, each with a bold,
F. longaeva of gardens. See F. parmentieri. Propagate by division in spring after G. ‘Magnet’. Vigorous, late winter- and central, dark green mark, curve outward;
F. parmentieri, syn. F. bedinghausii, flowering, or in late summer or fall when early spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). inner petals are blotched dark green with
F. longaeva of gardens. Rosette-forming, bulbs are dormant. tAll parts may cause Has narrow, pleated, gray-green leaves. narrow, white borders. Z6–10
perennial succulent. H 6–25ft (2–8m), mild stomach upset if ingested; contact Bears flowers, 1⁄4–1in (2–2.5cm) long, on G. ‘Spindlestone Surprise’. Midwinter-
S 3–10ft (1–3m). Sword-shaped, minutely with the bulbs may irritate skin. long flower stalks; each inner petal is flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has gray-
toothed leaves are glaucous, mid-green. In G. alpinus. Late winter- and early spring- tipped with a V-shaped mark. Z6–10 green leaves with narrowly pleated edges.
summer, bears a large, pyramidal, erect flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Leaves are G. ‘Mighty Atom’. Late winter-flowering Flowers, to 1in (25cm) long, have greenish-
spike, to 15ft (5m), with drooping branches broadly strap-shaped, matte to slightly bulb. H 5in (12cm). Leaves are gray-green, yellow ovaries and inner petals each
and clusters of 2–4 greenish-white flowers, shiny, and gray-green. Flowers, to 1in sometimes slightly pleated. Bears large tipped with a U-shaped mark. Z6–10
11∕4–11∕2in (3–4cm), followed by numerous (25cm) long, have inner petals marked
bulbils. Z10–12 green at the tips. Z3–9

GAZANIA

G. ‘Straffan’. Vigorous, midspring- well-drained soil. Propagate by division in GASTERIA garden or peat bed. Z7–8
flowering bulb. H 5in (12cm). Has gray- early spring or fall. G. nummularioides. Evergreen, compact
green, sometimes pleated, leaves and G. odoratum, syn. Asperula odorata ASPHODELACEAE/LILIACEAE shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 8in (20cm).
sometimes 2 flower stalks. Bears flowers, (Woodruff), illus. p.263. Leaves are ovate to heart-shaped and
1in (25cm) long, with a small, upside- Genus of variable, stemless or very short- leathery. Egg-shaped, pink-flushed, white
down, V-shaped, green mark on each GALTONIA stemmed, perennial succulents with thick, flowers are borne in the upper leaf axils in
inner petal. Z6–10 fleshy leaves, usually arranged in a fan, late spring or summer. Produces rounded,
G. ‘Wendy’s Gold’. See G. plicatus ASPARAGACEAE later becoming a tight rosette. Frost tender.
‘Wendy’s Gold’ Easy to grow, needing sun or partial shade blue-black fruits, but only rarely. Z7–8
G. woronowii illus. p.428. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering and very well-drained soil. Propagate by G. procumbens illus. p.373.
bulbs, grown for their spikes of pendent, seed, leaf cuttings, or division in spring or G. prostrata. See G. myrsinoides.
GALATELLA funnel-shaped, white or green flowers. summer. G. shallon (Shallon) illus. p.154.
Needs a sunny, sheltered site and fertile, G. bicolor var. bicolor, syn. G. caespitosa. G. tasmanica, syn. Pernettya tasmanica.
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE well-drained soil that does not dry out in Fan-shaped, perennial succulent. H 6in Evergreen, mat-forming shrub. H 2–3in
summer. Dies down in winter. May be (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces triangular, (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm). Has ovate, toothed,
Genus of upright perennials. The stems bear lifted for replanting in spring. Propagate thick, dark green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, leathery leaves with wavy edges. Bell-
many narrow leaves and heads of daisylike by seed in spring or by offsets in fall with horny borders. Upper leaf surfaces shaped, white flowers in early summer
flowers in lilac shades in late summer. or spring. have numerous white or pale green dots, are followed by rounded, red fruits.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Suitable G. candicans illus. p.383. usually in diagonal rows. Bears spikes of Good for a rock garden or peat bed.
for seaside gardens. Propagate from seed G. viridiflora illus. p.393. bell-shaped, orange-green flowers in Z8–9
in spring or by division in fall or early spring. Z10–12 . var. liliputana, syn. G. G. trichophylla. Evergreen, compact
spring. GARDENIA liliputana, illus. p.480. shrub with creeping, underground stems.
G. linosyris, syn. Aster linosyris G. caespitosa. See G. bicolor var. H 3–6in (7–15cm), S 8in (20cm). Bell-shaped,
(Goldilocks), illus. p.254. RUBIACEAE bicolor. white or pink flowers in early summer are
G. sedifolia, syn. Aster acris, A. sedifolius. G. carinata var. verrucosa, syn. followed by egg-shaped, blue fruits
Bushy perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, G. verrucosa, illus. p.480. produced from leaf axils. Leaves are small
Produces clusters of almost star-shaped, grown for their flowers and foliage. G. liliputana. See G. bicolor var. and ovate. Z7–9
lavender-blue flower heads, with yellow Prefers partial shade and humus-rich, liliputana. G. x wisleyensis ‘Pink Pixie’, syn.
centers, in fall. Has small, narrowly ovate, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water G. verrucosa. See G. carinata var. x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’. Evergreen, dense,
bright green leaves. Z4–7. ‘Nana’, H and containerized specimens freely when in verrucosa. bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Bears
S 20in (50cm), forms a compact dome of full growth, moderately at other times. broadly ovate, deeply veined, dark green
blooms. After flowering, shorten strong shoots x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’. See leaves. Small, urn-shaped, pale pink
to maintain a shapely habit. Propagate Gaultheria x wisleyensis ‘Pink Pixie’. flowers, produced in late spring and early
GALAX by greenwood cuttings in spring or by summer, are followed by spherical,
semiripe cuttings in summer. Mealy bug x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley Pearl’. See purplish-red fruits. Z7–9. ‘Wisley Pearl’
Wandflower and whitefly may cause problems. Gaultheria x wisleyensis ‘Wisley Pearl’. (syn. x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley Pearl’) illus.
G. augusta. See G. jasminoides. p.145.
DIAPENSIACEAE G. capensis. See Rothmannia capensis. GAULTHERIA
G. grandiflora. See G. jasminoides. GAURA G
Genus of one species of tufted, evergreen G. jasminoides, syn. G. augusta, syn. x GAULNETTYA, PERNETTYA
perennial, grown for its foliage and for its G. grandiflora (Cape jasmine, Common ONAGRACEAE
flowers, borne in late spring and summer. gardenia). ‘Veitchi’ see G.j. ‘Veitchiana’. ERICACEAE
Useful for underplanting shrubs. Requires ‘Veitchiana’ (syn G.j.’Veitchii’) illus. p.454. Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. G. rothmannia. See Rothmannia Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for biennials, perennials, and subshrubs that
Propagate by division of rooted runners capensis. their foliage, flowers and fruits. Grows are sometimes short-lived. Prefers full sun
in spring. G. thunbergia (White gardenia). best in shade or semishade and requires and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by
G. aphylla. See G. urceolata. Evergreen, bushy shrub or small tree with moist, peaty, acidic soil. Will tolerate sun softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer
G. urceolata, syn. G. aphylla, illus. p.336. white stems. H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 5ft (1.5m). provided the soil is permanently moist. or by seed in fall or spring.
Has elliptic, glossy, deep green leaves. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer G. lindheimeri, syn. Oenothera
GALEGA Fragrant, 7–9-petaled, white flowers, 21⁄2– or by seed in fall; for G. shallon and G. lindheimeri, illus. p.231. Rosyjane
4in (6–10cm) across, are borne in winter– trichophylla, propagate by division in fall or (‘Harrosy’) illus. p.301.
Goat’s rue spring. Z8–11 (min. 45°F/7°C) spring. tAll parts may cause mild stomach
upset if ingested, except the fruits, which GAYLUSSACIA
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE GARRYA are edible.
G. cuneata illus. p.346. Huckleberry
Genus of tall, bushy perennials with GARRYACEAE G. mucronata, syn. Pernettya mucronata.
pealike flowers. Grow in an open, sunny Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, spreading ERICACEAE
position and in any well-drained soil. Genus of evergreen shrubs and small by underground stems. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Requires staking. Propagate by seed in trees, grown for their catkins in winter Ovate, prickly, glossy, dark green leaves Genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs,
fall or by division in winter. and spring, which are longer and more set off tiny, urn-shaped, white flowers in grown for their flowers, fruits and fall
G. ‘Her Majesty’. See G. ‘His Majesty’. attractive on male plants. Hard frost may late spring and early summer. Spherical, color. Needs sun or semishade and moist,
G. ‘His Majesty’, syn. G. ‘Her Majesty’. damage catkins. Requires a sheltered, fleshy fruit are produced; these vary in peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by softwood
Vigorous, upright perennial. H to 5ft sunny site and tolerates any poor soil. color between cultivars. Sprays of fruit cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
(1.5m), S 3ft (1m). From summer to early Suitable for a warm, sunny wall. Dislikes are good for indoor display. Z8–9. G. baccata (Black huckleberry).
fall, produces spikes of small, pealike, being transplanted. Propagate by semiripe  ‘Bell’s Seedling’ (bisexual) is useful for Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
clear lilac-mauve and white flowers. Bold, cuttings in summer. pollination. Has reddish shoots and large, Ovate, sticky, dark green leaves redden in
oblong to lance-shaped leaves consist of dark fruits. Fruits of ‘Cherry Ripe’ fall. Produces clusters of small, urn-
ovate leaflets. Z5–11 G. elliptica (Silk tassel bush). Bushy, (female) are large and bright cherry-red. shaped, dull red flowers in late spring,
G. x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’, syn. dense shrub or small tree. H and S 12ft ‘Edward Balls’ (male) produces sturdy, followed by edible, spherical, black
G. ‘Lady Wilson’, illus. p.218. (4m). Has leathery, wavy-edged, dark to upright, red shoots and sharply spined, fruits. Z3–7
G. ‘Lady Wilson’. See G. x hartlandii gray-green leaves. Gray-green catkins are bright green leaves. ‘Mulberry Wine’
‘Lady Wilson’. borne from midwinter to early spring. (female) illus. p.164. ‘Wintertime’ (female) GAZANIA 585
G. orientalis illus. p.239. Z8–11. ‘James Roof’ has very long, gray- illus. p.163.
green catkins with yellow anthers (illus. G. myrsinoides, syn. G. prostrata, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
GALIUM p.211). Pernettya prostrata. Evergreen, spreading
G. x issaquahensis ‘Glasnevin Wine’. shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 1ft (30cm) Genus of annuals and evergreen perennials
Bedstraw Bushy, upright, male shrub. H 12ft (4m), or more. Has ovate, leathery, dark green often grown as annuals. Useful for summer
S 10ft (3m). Red-purple shoots bear ovate, leaves. Urn-shaped, white flowers are bedding, pots, and tubs. Requires sun and
RUBIACEAE glossy, slightly wavy-edged leaves. Long, produced in early summer and are sandy soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
dark greenish-purple, pendent catkins are followed by large, rounded, blue-purple by heel cuttings in spring or summer.
Genus of spring- and summer-flowering produced in midwinter. Prone to leaf spot. fruits. Suitable for growing in a rock G. Daybreak Series. Spreading
annuals and perennials, many of which are Z6–10 perennials grown as annuals. H and S 8in
invasive weeds; G. odoratum is cultivated (20cm). They have lance-shaped leaves
as groundcover. Grows well in partial
shade, but tolerates sun and thrives in any

GAZANIA

and, in summer, bear large, daisylike G. hispanica (Spanish gorse) illus. p.160. H to 3ft (90cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Has opposite white flowers in early summer. Short-lived
flower heads in a mixture of orange, G. lydia illus. p.345. pairs or whorls of narrow, ovate leaves. In scree plant. Tolerates alkaline soils.
yellow, pink, bronze and white. Flowers G. monosperma. See Retama late summer to fall bears arching sprays of Z4–8
remain open in dull weather. Z8–10. monosperma. trumpet-shaped, deep green-tinged, white G. scabra. Deciduous, upright perennial.
‘Daybreak Bright Yellow’ illus. p.323. G. pilosa. Deciduous, prostrate or domed flowers. Z6–9 H 1ft (30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has
G. Daybreak XP Series. Compact, shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). Narrowly ovate G. ‘Blue Silk’ (illus. p.370). long, ovate to lance-shaped, deep green
robust perennials grown as annuals. H and leaves are silky-haired beneath. Bright Semievergreen, procumbent perennial. stem leaves borne in opposite pairs on
S 8–10in (20–25cm). They have daisylike yellow flowers on short stalks are borne H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has herbaceous stems. Narrowly bell-shaped,
flower heads, often with bicolored outer in leaf axils in summer. Useful on a bank basal rosettes of lance-shaped, mid-green deep blue flowers are borne in terminal
petals. Z9–11. Flower heads of or as groundcover. Propagate by semiripe leaves. In late summer and fall, bears clusters and also in pairs in upper
‘Strawberry Sundae Mixed’ may be in cuttings in summer. Z9–11. upright, trumpet-shaped, deep blue flowers, leaf axils in mid-fall. Requires acidic
shades of rich dark pink or be creamy- ‘Procumbens’, H to 8in (20cm), has banded white and green-spotted on the soil. Z4–8
white with strawberry-red stripes. prostrate stems. outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z4–7 G. septemfida illus. p.346.
‘Sunshine Mixed’ has creamy-white, G. ‘Porlock’, syn. Cytisus ‘Porlock’. G. clusii (Trumpet gentian). Evergreen, G. ‘Shot Silk’ (illus. p.370).
bright yellow or orange flower heads, Semievergreen, vigorous, upright shrub clump-forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), Semievergreen, procumbent perennial.
sometimes with maroon bases to the petals. with arching stems. H and S 8ft (2.5m). S 6–9in (15–23cm). Has rosettes of ovate, H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has
G. Kiss Series ‘Kiss Orange Flame’ Bears spikes of fragrant, bright yellow glossy, dark green leaves. Trumpet-shaped, basal rosettes of linear to lance-shaped,
illus. p.324. flowers in early spring. Suitable for coastal azure-blue flowers, with green-spotted, deep green leaves. In late summer and
G. pinnata. Mat-forming perennial. H 6in and mild areas and conservatories; paler throats, are borne on 1–4in (2.5– fall produces upright, trumpet-shaped,
(15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Daisylike, orange-red otherwise, requires a sunny wall on well- 10cm) stems in early summer. Tolerates silky, deep purple-blue flowers, banded
flower heads, with central, black rings, drained soil. Z8–11 alkaline soils. Z4–7 green and purple on the outer surfaces.
are produced singly in early summer G. sagittalis, syn. Chamaespartium G. ‘Ettrick’ (illus. p.370). Evergreen, Requires acidic soil. Z5–7
above ovate, finely cut, hairy, bluish-gray sagittale, illus. p.373. procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to G. sino-ornata (illus. p.370).
leaves. Z8–10 G. spachiana, syn. Cytisus canariensis of 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes Semievergreen, prostrate, spreading
G. Talent Series. Vigorous perennials. gardens, C. racemosus of gardens, Genista perennial. H in flower 2in (5cm), S to 1ft
H and S to 10in (25cm). Have highly fragrans of gardens. Vigorous, evergreen, of linear-lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. (30cm). In fall, bears trumpet-shaped,
ornamental, mid-green leaves, to 6in arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has dark In late summer and fall bears upright, rich blue flowers, striped purple-blue
(15cm) long, gray-felted on both surfaces. green leaves with 3 ovate leaflets. Produces trumpet-shaped, clear white flowers, and greenish-white outside. Leaves are
In summer, they produce solitary, yellow, long, slender clusters of fragrant, golden- flecked with blue spots on the inner narrow. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7
orange, pink or brown flower heads on yellow flowers in winter and early spring. surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 G. ‘Soutra’ (illus. p.370). Evergreen,
short stems just above the leaves. Often grown as a houseplant. Z9–11 (min. G. ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’ (illus. p.370). procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
Z8–10 45°F/7°C) Vigorous, evergreen, procumbent 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes
G. tinctoria (Dyer’s greenweed) illus. perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 8in (20cm) of linear-lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
GELSEMIUM p.148. ‘Royal Gold’ is a deciduous, or more. Has basal rosettes of linear, mid- In late summer and fall, bears upright,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces green leaves. In late summer and fall bears trumpetlike, white flowers, suffused pale
GELSEMIACEAE/LOGANIACEAE long, conical sprays of golden-yellow upright, trumpet-shaped, double, deep green on the outer surfaces. Requires
flowers in spring–summer and dark green blue flowers, banded white on the outer acidic soil. Z5–7
Genus of evergreen, twining, perennial leaves that are narrowly lance-shaped. surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 G. ‘Strathmore’ (illus. p.370).
Z4–8 G. excisa. See G. acaulis. Semievergreen, procumbent perennial.
G climbers, grown for their fragrant, G. gracilipes, syn. G. purdomii. H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has
jasminelike flowers. In cool climates, best GENTIANA Semievergreen, tufted perennial with basal rosettes of linear to lance-shaped,
grown under glass. Provide full light and arching stems. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). pale green leaves. In late summer and fall
fertile, well-drained soil. Water regularly, Gentian Forms a central rosette of long, strap- produces upright, trumpet-shaped, blue-
less in cold weather. Stems require shaped, dark green leaves from which mauve flowers, with vertical, greenish-
support and should be thinned out after GENTIANACEAE lax flower stems bearing tubular, dark white stripes on the outer surfaces.
flowering or in spring. Propagate by purplish-blue flowers, greenish within, Requires acidic soil. Z5–7
seed sown in spring or by semiripe Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, are produced in summer. Tolerates some G. verna (Spring gentian) illus. p.356.
cuttings in summer. some of which are semievergreen or shade. Z6–8
G. sempervirens illus. p.195. evergreen, grown for their usually blue G. ‘Inverleith’ (illus. p.370). Vigorous, GERANIUM
flowers. Excellent for rock gardens and semievergreen, procumbent perennial.
GENISTA peat beds. Prefers sun or semishade H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has Cranesbill
and humus-rich, well-drained, moist, basal rosettes of linear to lance-shaped,
syn. CHAMAESPARTIUM neutral to acidic soil. Some species grow mid-green leaves. In fall, bears upright, GERANIACEAE
Broom naturally on limestone soils. Propagate by trumpet-shaped, bright blue flowers,
division or offshoots in spring or by seed banded green on the outer surfaces. Genus of annuals, biennials, and
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE in fall. Divide fall-flowering species and Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 herbaceous, semievergreen, evergreen,
G. clusii every 3 years in early spring and G. kochiana. See G. acaulis. or sometimes tuberous, perennials, grown
586 Genus of mainly deciduous, sometimes replant in fresh soil. See also feature panel G. lutea (Yellow gentian) illus. p.243. for their flowers and often as groundcover.
almost leafless, sometimes spiny, shrubs p.370. G. x macaulayi ‘Wells’s Variety’ (illus. Compact species are suitable for rock
and occasionally trees, grown for their G. acaulis, syn. G. excisa, G. kochiana p.370). Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. gardens. Most species prefer sun, but
abundant, small, pealike flowers. Does (Trumpet gentian; illus. p.370). Evergreen, H in flower 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Has some do better in shade. Will grow in
best in full sun and not over-rich, well- clump-forming perennial. H in leaf 3∕4in trumpet-shaped, mid-blue flowers in late all but waterlogged soils. Propagate by
drained soil. Resents being transplanted. (2cm), S to 4in (10cm) or more. Has summer and fall. Spreading stems are semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
Propagate species by softwood or narrowly ovate, glossy leaves and trumpet- clothed in narrow, mid-green leaves. or division in fall or spring. Cultivars
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in shaped, deep blue flowers, with green- Requires moist, acidic soil. Z5–7 should be propagated by division or
fall, selected forms by softwood cuttings spotted throats, on short stems in spring G. ornata. Semievergreen, clump-forming cuttings only.
only in summer. and often in fall. Tolerates alkaline soil. perennial with small, over-wintering G. anemonifolium of gardens. See
G. aetnensis (Mount Etna broom) Z5–8. ‘Belvedere’ bears large, deep blue rosettes. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Forms G. palmatum.
illus. p.89. flowers with copious green spots inside. a central rosette of grasslike leaves. In fall, G. ‘Anne Thomson’. Spreading
G. canariensis, syn. Cytisus canariensis. ‘Coelestina’ has large, lighter blue each stem tip bears an upright, bell-shaped, perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S to 51∕2ft (1.6m).
Evergreen, densely branching shrub with flowers, to 3in (7cm) long. mid-blue flower, with a white throat and Has lobed, deeply divided, yellow-green
hairy, green stems. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). G. angustifolia. Evergreen, clump- deep blue stripes shading to creamy-white leaves. In summer, bears abundant, vivid
Has almost stalkless, lobed leaves, densely forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in outside. Requires acidic soil and a moist reddish-purple flowers, with black veins
hairy beneath. Bears short, dense, terminal (20cm). Has rosettes of oblong, dull green atmosphere. Z5–7 coalescing at a black center. Z7–10
clusters of up to 20 pealike, sweetly scented, leaves and, in summer, solitary, tubular, G. purdomii. See G. gracilipes. G. ‘Ann Folkard’. Spreading herbaceous
bright yellow flowers from early spring to sky-blue flowers, spotted green inside. G. saxosa (illus. p.370). Evergreen, perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
midsummer, followed by hairy pods. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z6–8 hummock-forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), rounded, deeply divided, yellowish-green
Z8–11 G. asclepiadea (Willow gentian) S 6in (15cm). Clothed in small, spoon- leaves. In summer–fall, bears abundant,
G. cinerea illus. p.116. illus. p.250. var. alba is a herbaceous shaped, fleshy, dark green leaves. shallowly cup-shaped, rich magenta
G. fragrans of gardens. See Genista perennial with erect, then arching stems. Produces small, upturned, bell-shaped, flowers with black veins. Z5–9
G. armenum. See G. psilostemon.
spachiana.

GILLENIA

G. ‘Brookside’. Spreading perennial. G. x magnificum illus. p.269. ‘Ankum’s Pride’, H 8in (20cm) S 28in followed by fluffy, buff-colored seed heads.
H to 2ft (60cm), S to 6ft (2m). Has lobed, G. ‘Mavis Simpson’. Prostrate (70cm), bears purplish-pink flowers, Leaves are pinnate, each with a large,
deeply divided, yellowish-green leaves. perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S to 22in (55cm). veined blue-purple. ‘Shepherd’s rounded, terminal lobe. Suitable for a rock
In spring, bears white-centered, violet- Has mid-green leaves with faint, pale Warning’, H and S 6in (15cm), is compact, garden. Z4–8
blue flowers. Z3–9 brown blotches. From spring to summer, with deep red-pink flowers. var. striatum G. ‘Mrs. J. Bradshaw’. Clump-forming
G. cinereum. Evergreen, rosetted bears pale pink flowers with paler centers illus. p.362. Z3–8 perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm).
perennial with spreading flowering stems. and darker veins. Z5–9 G. stapfianum var. roseum of gardens. Rounded, double, crimson flowers are
H 6in (15cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has cup-shaped G. meeboldii. See G. himalayense. See G. orientalitibeticum. borne in small sprays in summer. Fresh
flowers, either white to pale pink, strongly G. nodosum. Clump-forming perennial. G. subcaulescens illus. p.366. green leaves are oblong to lance-shaped
veined with purple, or pure white, on lax H and S 18in (45cm). Has lobed, glossy G. sylvaticum ‘Mayflower’ illus. p.239. and lobed. Z5–9
stems in late spring and summer. Basal leaves and delicate, cup-shaped, lilac or G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Variety’. G. rivale ‘Bell Bank’. See G. ‘Bell Bank’.
leaves are rounded, deeply divided, soft lilac-pink flowers borne in spring and Spreading perennial. H 12–18in (30–45cm), ‘Lionel Cox’ see G. ‘Lionel Cox’.
and gray-green. Good for a large rock summer. Tolerates deep shade. Z4–8 S 3ft (90cm). Has luxuriant, white-flecked
garden. Z5–9. ‘Ballerina’ illus. p.366. G. orientalitibeticum, syn. G. leaves and large, white-centered, blue or GEVUINA
G. clarkei ‘Kashmir Purple’. stapfianum var. roseum of gardens, illus. blue-purple flowers from midsummer to
Carpeting, rhizomatous, herbaceous p.339. fall. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 PROTEACEAE
perennial. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). G. ‘Orion’ illus. p.280.
Bears loose clusters of cup-shaped, deep G. x oxonianum. Vigorous, clump- GERBERA Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
purple, red-veined flowers in summer. forming, evergreen perennial. H to 32in foliage and flowers in summer. Requires
Rounded leaves are deeply divided and (80cm), S 2ft (60cm). Light green, basal ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE semishade and fertile, moist but well-
finely veined. Z5–8. ‘Kashmir White’ leaves have toothed, wrinkled and veined drained soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
illus. p.263. lobes. Bears funnel-shaped, pink flowers, Genus of perennials, flowering from during late summer or by seed in fall.
G. dalmaticum illus. p.363. with darker veins and notched petals, from summer to winter depending on growing G. avellana (Chilean hazel, Chile nut).
G. ‘Danny Boy’. Spreading perennial. late spring to midfall. Z7–10. ‘A.T. conditions. Grow in full sun and in light, Evergreen, conical tree or large shrub.
H 20in (50cm), S 51∕2ft (1.6m). Has deeply Johnson’, H 1ft (30cm), has silvery pink sandy soil. Propagate by heel cuttings from H and S 30ft (10m). Has large, glossy, dark
lobed, mid-green, hairy leaves on long flowers and is very free-flowering. sideshoots in summer or by seed in fall green leaves divided into numerous ovate,
stalks. In summer, bears pairs of intensely ‘Beholder’s Eye’ has deep reddish- or early spring. toothed leaflets. Slender spires of spidery,
purple flowers with red veins. Z6–10 purple flowers with white eyes. G. ‘Amgerbpink’. See G. EvErlast Pink. white flowers produced in late summer
G. ‘Dilys’. Spreading perennial with ‘Claridge Druce’, H and S 18–30in (45– G. eveRlast Pink (‘Amgerbpink’). are followed by cherrylike, red, then black
lobed basal leaves. H to 22in (55cm), S to 75cm), is very vigorous. Bears cup-shaped Clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), fruits. Z9–10
5ft (1.5m). Bears a profusion of red-veined, darker-veined, rose-pink flowers above S 1ft (30cm). Has ovate, irregularly lobed
reddish-purple flowers in summer. Z3–9 grayish-green, glossy leaves. ‘Wargrave leaves. Large, daisylike, soft pink flower GIBBAEUM G
G. endressii. Semievergreen, compact, Pink’ (syn. G. endressii ‘Wargrave Pink’) heads are borne on tall, slender stems in
carpeting perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 2ft illus. p.265. ‘Winscombe’, H 24–30in (60– mid- and late summer. Z11 AIZOACEAE
(60cm). Has small, lobed leaves and cup- 75cm), S 18in (45cm), has cup-shaped, deep G. jamesonii (Barberton daisy, Transvaal
shaped, rose-pink flowers borne pink flowers, which fade to pale pink, daisy) illus. p.306. Genus of clump-forming, fleshy,
throughout summer. Z5–8. ‘Wargrave borne throughout summer. perennial succulents with pairs of small,
Pink’ see G. x oxonianum ‘Wargrave G. palmatum, syn. G. anemonifolium. GEUM swollen leaves, often of unequal size.
Pink’. (illus. p.238). Needs full sun and very well-drained soil.
G. grandiflorum. See G. himalayense. G. phaeum (Mourning widow) illus. Avens Water very lightly in early winter.
G. himalayense, syn. G. grandiflorum, p.223. ‘Our Pat’ is a clump-forming Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
G. himalayense var. meeboldii, perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). ROSACEAE spring or summer.
G. meeboldii, illus. p.270. var. meeboldii Has lobed, soft green leaves and bears G. petrense. Carpeting, perennial
see G. himalayense. purple-black flowers with silvery white Genus of summer-flowering perennials. succulent. H 11⁄2in (3cm), S 1ft (30cm)
G. ibericum. Clump-forming perennial. eyes in late spring. Z4–8 Does best in sun and prefers moist but or more. Each branch bears 1 or 2 pairs
H and S 2ft (60cm). In summer, produces G. pratense (Meadow cranesbill). Clump- well-drained soil. Propagate by division of thick, triangular, pale gray-green leaves,
sprays of 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, violet- forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft or by seed in fall. 1⁄2in (1cm) long. Bears daisylike, pink-red
blue flowers. Has heart-shaped, lobed or (60cm). Bears 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, G. ‘Bell Bank’, syn. G. rivale ‘Bell Bank’, flowers, 5⁄8in (1.5cm) across, in spring.
cut, hairy leaves. Z5–8 violet-blue flowers on branching stems in illus. p.268. Z12–15 (min. 45°F/7°C)
G. ‘Ivan’. Mat-forming to spreading summer. Rounded, lobed to deeply G. x borisii of gardens. See G. coccineum. G. velutinum illus. p.481.
perennial. H to 32in (80cm), S to 51∕2ft (1.7m). divided, mid-green leaves become bronze G. chiloense, syn. G. coccineum of
Has lobed, toothed, yellow-green leaves, in fall. Z4–8. ‘Mrs. Kendall Clark’ illus. gardens. Clump-forming perennial. GILIA
flecked red with age. From early summer p.239. ‘Plenum Violaceum’, H 41∕2ft H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 2ft (60cm). Saucer-
to fall, produces reddish-purple flowers, (1.3m), has double, deep violet-blue shaped, scarlet flowers are produced from POLEMONIACEAE
with darker veins and purple-black eyes. flowers with purple-blue centers. early to late summer. Pinnate leaves are
Z3–9 G. psilostemon, syn. G. armenum, illus. deeply lobed and toothed. Z5–9 Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
G. macrorrhizum illus. p.269. p.233. G. coccineum, syn. G. x borisii of annuals, occasionally perennials. Grows
‘Ingwersen’s Variety’ illus. p.256. G. pylzowianum. Spreading perennial gardens, illus. p.439. best in sun and in fertile, very well-drained
‘White Ness’, is a semievergreen, with underground runners and tiny tubers. G. coccineum of gardens. See G. soil. Stems may need support, especially
carpeting perennial. H to 20in (50cm), S to H 5–10in (12–25cm), S 10in (25cm) or more. chiloense. on windy sites. Propagate by seed sown
31∕2ft (1.1m). Rounded, divided leaves are Bears semicircular, deeply cut, dark green G. ‘Fire Opal’. Clump-forming perennial. outdoors in spring, or in early fall for early
rhubarb-scented. Bears pure white flowers leaves and, in late spring and summer, H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Rounded, flowering the following year.
in early summer. Z4–8 trumpet-shaped, green-centered, deep double, bronze-scarlet flowers are borne G. achilleifolia. Fast-growing, upright,
rose-pink flowers. May be invasive. Z5–8 in small clusters in summer above oblong bushy annual. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
G. maculatum. Upright, clump-forming G. renardii illus. p.264. to lance-shaped, lobed, fresh green Finely divided, mid-green leaves are hairy
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). In G. x riversleaianum ‘Russell leaves. Z5–9 and sticky. Heads of funnel-shaped, blue
spring, bears heads of flattish, pinkish-lilac Prichard’. Herbaceous, clump-forming G. ‘Goldball’. See G. ‘Lady Stratheden’. flowers, 1in (25cm) across, are produced
flowers above rounded, lobed, mid-green perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Saucer- G. ‘Lady Stratheden’, syn. G. ‘Goldball’, in summer. Z6–10
leaves that turn fawn and red in fall. Z4–8. shaped, clear pink flowers are borne singly illus. p.276. G. capitata (Queen Anne’s thimbles) illus.
‘Elizabeth Ann’ has dark or in small clusters from early summer to G. ‘Lionel Cox’, syn. G. rivale ‘Lionel p.314.
reddish-brown leaves and pale pinkish- fall. Rounded leaves are lobed and gray- Cox’. Clump-forming perennial. H and
purple flowers. green. Z6–8 S 1ft (30cm). In early summer, produces GILLENIA 587
G. maderense. Vigorous, evergreen, G. Rozanne (‘Gerwat’) illus. p.271. small clusters of 5-petaled, cup-shaped,
bushy perennial with a woody base, G. sanguineum (Bloody cranesbill) illus. shrimp-red flowers above oblong to ROSACEAE
usually short-lived or grown as a biennial. p.340. ‘Album’ is a lax, spreading lance-shaped, lobed, fresh green
H and S 3ft (1m). Produces large sprays of perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 16in (40cm). leaves. Z3–7 Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
shallowly cup-shaped, deep magenta Round, deeply divided, dark green leaves G. montanum (Alpine avens). Grow in a position in sun or shade and
flowers in summer above palmate, finely often color well in fall. Bears pure white Dense, clump-forming, rhizomatous in any well-drained soil. Needs staking.
cut, dark green leaves. Z8–9 flowers over many weeks in summer. perennial that spreads slowly. H 4in (10cm), Propagate by seed in fall or
S 9in (23cm). Shallowly cup-shaped, golden- in spring.
yellow flowers in early summer are G. trifoliata illus. p.231.

GINKGO

GINKGO flowered 11⁄2–21⁄2in (3.5–6cm) across (flower G. ‘Columbine’ (illus. p.384). Primulinus pink markings, are borne in early summer.
head 16–24in [40–60cm] long). Group, small-flowered gladiolus. H 3ft Z8–10
GINKGOACEAE (90cm), S 3in (8cm). In early summer G. italicus, syn. G. segetum. Early
Primulinus Group has fairly loose produces spikes of light carmine-rose summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m),
See also CONIFERS. spikes of plain-edged, funnel-shaped flowers with creamy-white throats. Z8–10 S 4–6in (10–15cm). Bears a loose spike of
G. biloba (Maidenhair tree) illus. p.97. flowers, 11⁄2–3in (3.5–7cm) across, each G. x colvillii ‘The Bride’. See G. ‘The up to 20 pinkish-purple flowers, 11⁄2–2in
‘Saratoga’, is an upright conical tree. with a strongly hooded, upper petal Bride’. (4–5cm) long, and has a fan of erect,
H to 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Has variably over the stigma and anthers. Flower G. communis subsp. byzantinus, syn. sword-shaped leaves from the basal part
shaped, dark green leaves, that give a lacy heads are 1ft (30cm) or more long. G. byzantinus, illus. p.410. of stem. Z8–10
effect. ‘Troll’, H and S to 3ft (1m), is very Nanus Group produces 2 or 3 slender G. ‘Côte d’Azur’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Magistral’. Grandiflorus Group,
slow-growing and ideal for a container. spikes, with loosely arranged flowers, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), large-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.8m), S 6in
Z5–9 s11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) across. Flower heads S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up to 23 (15cm). Produces spikes of up to 24 ruffled,
are 9–14in (22–35cm) long. ruffled, mid-blue flowers, with pale blue oyster-white flowers, with magenta lines,
GLADIOLUS throats, in early summer. Good for in midsummer. Good for exhibition. Z8–10
G. ‘Amanda Mahy’. Nanus Group exhibition. Z8–10 G. ‘Morning Gold’ (illus. p.384).
syn. HOMOGLOSSUM, gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). G. dalenii, syn. G. natalensis, G. Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
ACIDERANTHERA Produces spikes of up to 7 salmon-pink psittacinus. Vigorous, summer-flowering gladiolus. H 3ft (1m), S 4in (10cm).
flowers, with lip tepals flecked violet and corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Spikes of green-tinted, golden-yellow
IRIDACEAE white, in early summer. Z8–10 Produces up to 14 red, yellow-orange, flowers are produced from midsummer
G. ‘Amsterdam’. Grandiflorus Group, yellow or greenish-yellow flowers, 3–5in to early fall. Z8–10
Genus of corms, each producing a spike giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), (8–12cm) long, each with a hooded, upper G. murielae, syn. Acidanthera bicolor var.
of funnel-shaped flowers and a fan of S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 27 slightly petal and often flecked or streaked red. murielae, A. murielae, G. callianthus. (illus.
erect, narrow, linear or sword-shaped upward-facing, finely ruffled, white Z8–10 p.383).
leaves on the basal part of the flower stem. flowers are produced in late summer. G. ‘Drama’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus G. natalensis. See G. dalenii.
Suitable for cutting or for planting in Good for exhibition. Z8–10 Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft G. ‘Nova Lux’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus
mixed borders; most hybrids are also good G. ‘Beauty of Holland’. Grandiflorus (1.7m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). In late Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 3ft
for exhibition. Needs a sunny and fertile, Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft summer, produces spikes of up to 26 (1m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of clear yellow
well-drained site. Plant 4–6in (10–15cm) (1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of lightly ruffled, deep watermelon-pink flowers are borne in midsummer. Z8–10
deep and the same distance apart in up to 27 ruffled, pink-margined, white flowers with red-marked, yellow throats. G. ‘Nymph’ (illus. p.384). Nanus Group
spring. Water well in summer and support flowers in midsummer. Good for Superb for exhibition. Z8–10 gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). In
tall cultivars with canes. Where marginally exhibition. Z8–10 G. ‘Dutch Mountain’. Grandiflorus early summer produces spikes of creamy-
hardy, lift corms in fall, cut off stems, and G. ‘Bernadette’. Nanus Group gladiolus. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft white flowers, with teardrop-shaped, pink-
dry in a frost-free but cool place. Pot H to 28in (70cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears (1.7m), S 6in (15cm). In midsummer, edged markings on the lower petals. Z8–10
spring-flowering plants in fall and place in spikes of red-and-yellow bicolored flowers produces spikes of up to 25 slightly ruffled, G. ‘Oscar’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus
a cool greenhouse; after flowering, dry off in summer. Z8–10 white flowers with small green marks in Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 3ft
corms during summer months and repot G. ‘Black Jack’. Grandiflorus Group, the throats. Good for exhibition. Z8–10 (1m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of
in fall. large-flowered gladiolus. H 3ft (90cm), G. ‘Esta Bonita’. Grandiflorus Group, velvety-red flowers in midsummer. Z8–10
S 3in (8cm). Bears spikes of black-edged, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), G. papilio illus. p.395. Purpureoauratus
Propagate by seed or by removal of dark maroon flowers in summer. S 1ft (30cm). Produces spikes of up to 24 Group (syn. G. purpureoauratus) is a
young cormlets from parent. Seed sown Z8–10 apricot-orange flowers, slightly darker summer- or fall-flowering corm. H to 3ft
in early spring in a cool greenhouse will G. ‘Black Lash’. Grandiflorus Group, toward petal edges, in late summer. Good (1m), S 6in (15cm). Has greenish-yellow
take 2–3 years to flower and may not small-flowered gladiolus. H 41⁄2ft (1.3m), for exhibition. Z8–10 flowers, with lower petals each blotched
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears spikes of up to G. ‘Firestorm’. Grandiflorus Group, red-brown at the throat. Z8–10
G breed true to type. Store cormlets, 25 lightly ruffled, deep black-rose flowers, miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 31⁄2ft G. ‘Passos’. Grandiflorus Group, large-
removed after lifting, in frost-free with pointed, slightly reflexed petals, from (1.1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Spikes of up to flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in
conditions and plant out 2in (5cm) deep late summer to early fall. Z8–10 22 loosely spaced, ruffled, vivid scarlet (15cm). Spikes of purple-flecked, pale lilac
in spring; lift in winter as for mature G. blandus. See G. carneus. flowers, with yellowish-white flecks on to white flowers, with dark purple throats,
corms. They will flower in 1–2 years. G. blandus var. carneus. See G. carneus. the outer tepals, are produced in early are produced in midsummer. Z8–10
While in store, corms may be attacked G. ‘Blue Frost’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus summer. Is good for exhibition. Z8–10 G. ‘Peter Pears’ (illus. p.384).
by various rots. Protect sound, healthy Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft G. ‘Flevo Bambino’. Grandiflorus Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
corms by dusting with a fungicide or (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). In midsummer, bears Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. H 2ft gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), S 14in (35cm).
soaking in a fungicide solution before spikes of white flowers with ruffled, lilac (60cm), S 3in (8cm). From late summer to In late summer, has spikes of up to 26
drying; store in an airy, cool, frost-free edges and darker purple eyes. Z8–10 early fall bears spikes of pale yellow, apricot-salmon flowers with red throat
place. Gladiolus scab causes blotches G. byzantinus. See G. communis subsp. purple-throated flowers. Z8–10 marks. Excellent for exhibition. Z8–10
on leaves; gladiolus yellows shows as byzantinus. G. ‘Georgette’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Pink Lady’. Grandiflorus Group,
yellowing stripes on leaves, which then G. callianthus. See G. murielae. small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),
die; in both cases destroy affected corms. G. cardinalis. Summer-flowering corm. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces spikes of up to S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has spikes of up to
As a preventive measure, always plant H to 4ft (1.2m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Arching 22 slightly ruffled, yellow-suffused, orange 25 lightly ruffled, deep rose-pink flowers,
healthy corms in a new site each year. stem bears a spike of up to 12 widely flowers, with large lemon-yellow throats, with large, white throats, in late summer
See also feature panel p.384. funnel-shaped flowers, each 3in (8cm) long in midsummer. Good for exhibition. Z8–10 and early fall. Z8–10
and bright red with spear-shaped, white G. ‘Halley’. Nanus Group gladiolus. H 3ft G. psittacinus. See G. dalenii.
588 Gladiolus hybrids marks on lower 3 petals. Z8–10 (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). In early summer G. ‘Purple Flora’ (illus. p.384).
Most hybrids are derived from G. carneus, syn. G. blandus, G. blandus produces spikes bearing up to 7 white- Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
G. x hortulanus. All have stiff leaves, var. carneus. Spring-flowering corm. flushed, pale yellow flowers, each with gladiolus. H 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm).
8–20in (20–50cm) long, ranging from H 8–16in (20–40cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Stem bright red marks in the throats. Z8–10 Produces spikes of rich deep purple
pale willow-green or steely blue-green bears a loose spike of 3–12 widely funnel- G. ‘Her Majesty’ (illus. p.384). flowers, with paler lilac markings, in
to almost bottle-green. All are good for shaped, white or pink flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄2in Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered midsummer. Z8–10
flower arranging. They are divided (4–6cm) long, marked on lower petals with gladiolus. H 46in (115cm), S 6in (15cm). G. purpureoauratus. See G. papilio
into Grandiflorus, Primulinus, and darker red or yellow blotches. Z8–10 Produces spikes of sky-blue flowers, with Purpureoauratus Group.
Nanus Groups. G. ‘Charmer’. Grandiflorus Group, large- much paler throats, in midsummer. Z8–10 G. ‘Rose Supreme’. Grandiflorus Group,
Grandiflorus Group produces long, flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), S 6in G. ‘Ice Cap’. Grandiflorus Group, large- giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m),
densely packed spikes of funnel-shaped (15cm). In early and mid-summer, flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), S 10–12in S 10–12in (25–30cm). Spikes of up to 24
flowers, with ruffled, thick-textured petals produces spikes of up to 27 strongly (25–30cm). Produces spikes of up to 27 rose-pink flowers, flecked and streaked
or plain-edged, thin-textured ones. Giant- ruffled, almost translucent, light pink heavily ruffled, ice-white flowers from late darker pink toward petal tips, and with
flowered hybrids have a bottom flower of flowers. Good for exhibition. Z8–10 summer to early fall. Z8–10 cream throats, are produced in late
over 51⁄2in (14cm) across (flower head is G. ‘Charming Lady’. Nanus Group G. ‘Impressive’ (illus. p.384). Nanus summer. Z8–10
26–32in [65–80cm] long); large-flowered gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). Group gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in G. ‘Royal Dutch’. Grandiflorus Group,
41⁄2–51⁄2in (11–14cm) across (flower head Bears spikes of pink flowers, with pale lilac (8cm). Spikes of pale pink flowers, with hot large-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m),
2–3ft [60cm–1m] long); medium-flowered throats, from early to midsummer. Z8–10
31⁄2–41⁄2in (9–11cm) across (flower head
24–32in [60–80cm] long); small-flowered
21⁄2–31⁄2in (6–9cm) across (flower head
20–28in [50–70cm] long); miniature-

GLOTTIPHYLLUM

S 10–12in (25–30cm). Bears spikes of up to annuals. Grow in a position in sun and GLEBIONIS lance-shaped leaves to 8in (20cm) long.
27 flowers, each pale lavender blending to in well-drained soil. Propagate by stem Intermittently bears pendent sprays of
a white throat, from late summer to early cuttings in late summer and fall or by syn. XANTHOPHTHALMUM tubular, yellow flowers with large, reddish-
fall. Very good for exhibition. Z8–10 layering or seed sown in fall or spring. purple, reflexed bracts. Z12 (min. 64°F/18°C)
G. Sancerre (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus G. x hybrida, syn. Verbena x hortensis, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft V. x hybrida. Derby Series are erect, GLOBULARIA
(1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of pure white bushy perennials, grown as annuals. Genus of annuals, grown for their
flowers are borne in midsummer. Z8–10 H 10in (25cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produce ovate, daisylike flower heads. Prefers full sun and Globe daisy
G. segetum. See G. italicus. serrated, mid- to deep green leaves well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
G. ‘Stella’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus Clusters of small, tubular, lobed flowers, spring. PLANTAGINACEAE/GLOBULARIACEAE
Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. H 2ft in a wide color range, including red, pink, G. coronaria, syn. Chrysanthemum
(60cm), S 3in (8cm). Spikes of yellow blue, mauve and white, are borne in coronarium, Xanthophthalmum coronarium. Genus of mainly evergreen perennials and
flowers, with a star-shaped, dark red mark summer and early fall. Enchantment Fast-growing, upright, branching annual. subshrubs, grown for their dome-shaped
at the throat, open in midsummer. Z8–10 Series are trailing, producing white, pink, H 1–3ft (30cm–90cm), S 15in (38cm). Has hummocks and usually blue or purple
G. ‘Tendresse’. Grandiflorus Group, purple, or red flowers, some with white feathery, divided, light green leaves. In flower heads. Needs full sun and well-
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), eyes. Obsession Series cultivars, H and summer bears single or semidouble, drained soil. Propagate by division in
S 8–10in (20–25cm). In late summer, has S 6–8in (15–20cm), are compact and bear daisylike, yellow or yellow-and-white spring, softwood or semiripe cuttings in
spikes of up to 28 slightly ruffled, dark pink abundant, white, pink, purple, red, or blue flower heads, to 2in (5cm) across. Z5–9 summer or by seed in fall.
flowers, with small, cream throats marked flowers, sometimes with contrasting eyes. G. segetum, syn. Chrysanthemum G. bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis.
with longitudinal, faint rose-pink “spears.” ‘Peaches and Cream’ is spreading and segetum, Xanthophthalmum segetum, illus. G. cordifolia illus. p.369. subsp.
Z8–10 branching, and produces pastel orange- p.322. bellidifolia see G. meridionalis.
G. ‘Tesoro’. Grandiflorus Group, pink flowers, maturing to apricot-yellow, subsp.meridionalis see G. meridionalis.
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), and eventually creamy-yellow. Cultivars GLECHOMA G. meridionalis, syn. G. bellidifolia, G.
S 8–10in (20–25 cm). Bears spikes of up to of ‘Quartz Mix’ are compact and bushy cordifolia subsp. bellidifolia, G. cordifolia
26 silky flowers, slightly ruffled and with lance-shaped, leaves, and rounded Ground ivy subsp. meridionalis, G. pygmaea, illus.
glistening yellow, in early fall. Among the heads of pink, red, maroon or purple p.367.
top exhibition gladioli. Z8–10 flowers with white “eyes.” Quartz XP LAMIACEAE/LABIATAE G. pygmaea. See G. meridionalis.
G. ‘The Bride’, syn, G. x colvillii ‘The Series cultivars are mound-forming and
Bride’ (illus. p.384). Nanus Group gladiolus. partly spreading, with domed flower Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering GLORIOSA G
H 32in (80cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). In early heads in hues including blue, burgundy, perennials. Good groundcover, but may be
summer, bears spikes of up to 7 white and deep pink to silvery-pink, scarlet, and invasive. Tolerates sun or shade. Prefers Glory lily
flowers, with green-marked throats. Z8–10 white, often with prominent, white eyes. moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
G. ‘Tinkerbelle’. Nanus Group gladiolus. ‘Red Star’ bears white flowers marked division in spring or fall or by softwood COLCHICACEAE/LILIACEAE
H 24–28in (60–70cm), S to 6in (15cm). In with bright red. Mound-forming, well- cuttings in spring.
summer, produces flower spikes with up branched Sparkle Series cultivars have G. hederacea (Ground ivy). Genus of one species of deciduous,
to 15 orange flowers, with light yellow and bi- or tri-colored flowers, combining white ‘Variegata’ illus. p.277. perennial, summer-flowering, tendril
orange throats. Z8–10 with shades of pink, purple-blue, lavender- climber with fingerlike tubers. Frost
G. ‘Trader Horn’ Grandiflorus Group, blue, dark violet, or red. Cultivars of GLEDITSIA tender. Needs full sun and well-drained,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in Voodoo Series are upright to semitrailing. rich soil. Water freely in summer and
(15cm). Tall spikes of scarlet flowers, with Flower petals are boldly marked with pink, CAESALPINIACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE liquid feed every 2 weeks. Provide support.
a white mark on the throat, are produced red, or lavender-blue, creating a starlike Dry off tubers in winter and keep cool but
in midsummer. Z8–10 effect. Z9–11 Genus of deciduous, usually spiny trees, frost-free. Propagate by seed or division in
G. ‘Velvet Eyes’ (illus. p.384). G. peruviana, syn. Verbena chamaedrifolia, grown for their foliage. Has inconspicuous spring.tHighly toxic if ingested; handling
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered V. chamaedrioides. Semievergreen, flowers, often followed by large seed pods tubers may irritate the skin.
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). prostrate perennial. H to 3in (8cm), S 3ft after hot summers. Young plants may G. carsonii. See G. superba.
Produces spikes of dark bluish-purple (1m). Heads of small, tubular, brilliant suffer frost damage. Requires plenty of sun G. minor. See G. superba.
flowers, with reddish-purple throats, in scarlet flowers, with spreading petal lobes, and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate G. modesta, syn. Littonia modesta,
midsummer. Z8–10 are produced from early summer to early species by seed in fall, selected forms by illus. p.395.
G. ‘Victor Borge’. Grandiflorus Group, fall. Ovate, toothed leaves are mid-green. budding in late summer. G. rothschildiana. See G. superba
large-flowered gladiolus. H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), Prefers to grow in dry soil that is not too G. capsica. See G. caspica. ‘Rothschildiana’.
S 14in (35cm). Spikes of up to 22 vermilion- rich. Z9–11 G. caspica, syn. G. capsica (Caspian G. simplex. See G. superba.
orange flowers, with pale cream throat  G. ‘Sissinghurst’, syn. Verbena locust). Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft G. superba, syn. G. carsonii, G. minor,
marks, are produced in late summer. Z8–10 ‘Sissinghurst’, illus. p.268. (12m), S 30ft (10m). Trunk is armed with G. simplex. Deciduous, tendril climber. H to
G. ‘White Prosperity’ (illus. p.384). long, branched spines. Has fernlike, glossy, 6ft (2m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Slender stems
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered GLAUCIDIUM mid-green leaves. Z7–10 bear scattered, broadly lance-shaped
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes G. triacanthos (Honey locust). Deciduous, leaves. In summer, upper leaf axils produce
of pure white flowers, with ruffled petals, RANUNCULACEAE spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). large, yellow or red flowers, with 6 sharply
are borne in midsummer. Z8–10 Trunk is very thorny. Fernlike, glossy, reflexed, wavy-edged petals, changing to
G. ‘Wine and Roses’ (illus. p.384). Genus of one species of spring-flowering dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. Z3–7. dark orange or deep red. Stamens are
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered perennial. Excellent in woodland gardens. f. inermis is thornless. f. inermis prominent. Z8–10 (min. 46–50°F/8–10°C)
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes Needs a partially shaded, sheltered ‘Sunburst’ illus. p.72. ‘Rothschildiana’ (syn. G. rothschildiana)
of soft pink flowers, with burgundy-red position and moist, peaty soil. Propagate illus. p.386.
throats, are produced in midsummer. by seed in fall. GLOBBA
Z8–10 G. palmatum illus. p.260. GLOTTIPHYLLUM 589
G. ‘Zorro’ (illus. p.384). Grandiflorus ZINGIBERACEAE
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 3–4ft GLAUCIUM AIZOACEAE
(1–1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Produces up to 15 Genus of rhizomatous, clump-forming
velvety, deep dark red flowers on spikes Horned poppy perennials, grown for their flowers. Frost Genus of clump-forming, low-growing,
from mid- to late summer. Z8–10 tender. Needs partial shade, high humidity branching, perennial succulents with
PAPAVERACEAE and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Keep semicylindrical leaves often broader at
Glandulicactus uncinatus. See plants dry when dormant in winter. tips. Frost tender. Grow in full sun and
Sclerocactus uncinatus. Genus of annuals, biennials and short- Propagate by division or seed in spring poor, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
lived perennials, grown for their bright, or by mature bulbils that fall off plants. or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
GLANDULARIA poppylike flowers. Grow in sun and in See also feature panel p.477. G. difforme, syn. G. semicylindricum.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate G. platystachya. Clump-forming Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
VERBENACEAE annuals by seed outdoors in spring; perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Has lance- H 3in (8cm), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Has
perennials by seed outdoors in spring shaped, silver-patterned, mid-green leaves, semicylindrical, bright green leaves, 21⁄2in
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering or fall; biennials by seed under glass in to 1ft (30cm) long. Pendent racemes of (6cm) long, with a tooth halfway along
evergreen perennials, often treated as late spring or early summer. tRoots are small, tubular, golden-yellow flowers are each margin. Short-stemmed, daisylike,
toxic if ingested. borne at the shoot tips along with bulbils golden-yellow flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) across,
G. flavum (Horned poppy) illus. p.320. in late summer. Z13–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) are borne in spring–summer. Z10-11
G. winitii (illus. p.477). Clump-forming G. nelii illus. p.495.
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has G. semicylindricum. See G. difforme.

GLOXINIA

GLOXINIA G. majestica ‘Roseolineata’, syn. GRAPTOPETALUM stated, grasses will tolerate a range of
Calathea majestica ‘Roseolineata’, Calathea light conditions and flourish in any well-
GESNERIACEAE ornata ‘Roseolineata’. Evergreen, clump- CRASSULACEAE drained soil. Many genera, such as Briza,
forming, stemless perennial. H to 6ft (2m), self-seed readily.
Genus of rhizomatous perennials or S to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly ovate, leathery Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
shrubs. Frost tender. Needs partial shade leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are dark green, very similar to Echeveria, with which it See also Alopecurus, Anemanthele,
and humus-rich, well-drained soil. Dies finely veined pink, and reddish-purple hybridizes. Frost tender. Easy to grow, Arrhenatherum, Arundo, Bouteloua,
down in late fall or winter; then keep below. Intermittently bears short, erect needing sun or partial shade and very Briza, Chionochloa, Coix, Cortaderia,
rhizomes nearly dry. Propagate by division spikes of 3-petaled, white to mauve well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or by Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
or seed in spring, or by stem or leaf flowers. Z14–15. (min. 61–70°F/16–21°C). stem or leaf cuttings in spring or summer. Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Hordeum,
cuttings in summer. ‘Sanderiana’ (syn. Calathea ornata G. amethystinum. Clump-forming, Lagurus, Lamarckia, Leymus, Melica,
G. perennis. Late summer- to fall- ‘Sanderiana’, G. sanderiana) illus. p.472. prostrate, perennial succulent. H 16in (40cm), Melinis, Milium, Miscanthus, Molinia,
flowering rhizome. H to 2ft (60cm), G. makoyana, syn. Calathea makoyana, S 3ft (90cm). Thick, rounded, blue-gray to Oplismenus, Panicum, Pennisetum,
S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has heart-shaped, (Peacock plant), illus. p.475. red leaves are 3in (7cm) long, in terminal Phalaris, Sesleria, Setaria, Spartina,
toothed, hairy leaves on spotted stems G. sanderiana. See. G. majestica rosettes. In spring–summer, bears star- Stenotaphrum, Stipa, Zea and Zizania.
and bell-shaped, lavender-blue flowers, ‘Sanderiana’. shaped, yellow-and-red flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in
with rounded lobes and purple-blotched G. zebrina, syn. Calathea zebrina (Zebra (1–2cm) across. Z13–15 (min. 50°F/10°C) Bamboos (Bambusoideae)
throats. Z13–15 (min. 50°F/10°C) plant), illus. p.475. G. bellum, syn. Tacitus bellus, illus. p.485. Sub-family of Gramineae, comprising
G. speciosa. See Sinningia speciosa. G. paraguayense (Mother-of-pearl plant) evergreen, rhizomatous perennials,
G. tubiflora. See Sinningia tubiflora. GOMESA illus. p.489. sometimes grown as hedging as well as
for ornamentation. Most bamboos differ
GLYCERIA ORCHIDACEAE GRAPTOPHYLLUM from other perennial grasses in that they
have woody stems (culms). These are
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE See also ORCHIDS. ACANTHACEAE hollow (except in Chusquea), mostly
G. flexuosa, syn. Oncidium flexuosum greenish-brown and, due to their silica
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, (Dancing-doll orchid; illus. p.467). Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly content, very strong, with a circumference
and SEDGES. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool for their foliage. Frost tender. Needs partial of up to 6in (15cm) in some tropical species.
G. aquatica ‘Variegata’. See G. maxima or intermediate greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water Leaves are lance-shaped with cross veins
var. variegata. In fall produces terminal sprays of many potted plants freely when in full growth, that give a tessellated appearance, which
G. maxima ‘Variegata’. See G. maxima small, large-lipped, bright yellow flowers, less when temperatures are low. Young may be obscured in the more tender
var. variegata. 1⁄4in (0.5cm) across, with red-brown plants need tip pruning after flowering species. Flowers are produced at varying
G. maxima var. variegata, syn. markings on the sepals and petals. Bears to promote branching; leggy specimens intervals but are not decorative. After
G. aquatica ‘Variegata’, G. maxima narrowly ovate leaves, 4in (10cm) long. may be cut back hard after flowering or flowering, stems die down, but few plants
‘Variegata’, illus. p.436. Best grown on a bark slab. Keep in semi- in spring. Propagate by greenwood or die completely. Bamboos thrive in a
shade in summer. Z13–15 (min. 55°F/13°C) semiripe cuttings in spring or summer. sheltered, not too dry site in sun or shade,
GLYCYRRHIZA G. planifolia. Evergreen, epiphytic G. pictum (Caricature plant). Evergreen, unless otherwise stated.
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). erect, loose shrub. H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE Sprays of star-shaped, pea-green flowers, (60cm) or more. Has ovate, pointed, glossy, See also Bambusa, Chusquea, Fargesia,
1⁄4in (0.5cm) across, are produced in fall. green leaves with central, yellow blotches. Himalayacalamus, Phyllostachys,
Genus of summer-flowering perennials Narrowly ovate leaves are 6in (15cm) long. Bears short, terminal spikes of tubular, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa,
Grow in semishade during summer. Z14– red to purple flowers in spring and early Semiarundinaria, Shibataea and Yushania.
G grown for their spikes of pealike blooms. 15 (min. 55°F/13°C) summer. Z13–15 (min. 55°F/13°C)
The roots of G. glabra are the source of Rushes (Juncaceae)
liquorice. Needs sun and deep, rich, well- GOMPHOCARPUS GRASSES, BAMBOOS, Family of evergreen, tuft-forming or
drained soil. Suitable for a wild garden RUSHES, AND SEDGES creeping, mostly rhizomatous annuals and
or informal border. Propagate by division APOCYNACEAE/ASCLEPIADACEAE perennials. All have either rounded, leafless
in spring, or by seed in fall or spring. Group of evergreen or herbaceous, stems or stems bearing long, narrow, basal
G. glabra, syn. G. glandulifera (Liquorice, Genus of evergreen and deciduous perennial and annual grasses or grass- leaves that are flat and hairless except
Sweetwood). Upright, tap-rooted perennial. subshrubs and perennials. Hooded, like plants belonging to the Gramineae Luzula (woodrushes) which has flat leaves,
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Large, sticky leaves cup-shaped flowers are followed by seed (including Bambusoideae), Juncaceae and edged with white hairs. Rounded flower
are divided into ovate leaflets. Short spikes pods that are usually inflated. Grows in Cyperaceae families. They are grown heads are generally unimportant. Most
of pealike, purple-blue and white flowers sun or partial shade and in any well- mainly as foliage plants, adding grace and rushes prefer sun or partial shade and a
are borne on erect stems in late summer. drained soil. Propagate by seed or contrast to borders and rock gardens, moist or wet situation, but Luzula prefers
Z9–11 softwood cuttings in spring. tSome although several grasses have attractive drier conditions. See also Isolepis, Juncus
G. glandulifera. See G. glabra. species exude a milky sap, which may flower heads in summer that may be dried and Luzula.
aggravate skin allergies. for winter decoration. Dead foliage may be
Godetia. See Clarkia. G. physocarpus, syn. Asclepias cut back on herbaceous perennials when Sedges (Cyperaceae)
physocarpa (Swan plant). Deciduous, erect, dormant. Propagate species by seed in Family of evergreen, rhizomatous perennials
590 GOEPPERTIA hairy subshrub. H to 6ft (2m), S to 2ft (60cm). spring or fall or by division in spring; that form dense tufts. Stems are triangular
Has lance-shaped leaves, 4in (10cm) long, selected forms by division only. Pests and and bear long, narrow leaves, sometimes
syn. CALATHEA and umbels of 5-horned, creamy-white diseases usually give little trouble. Grasses, reduced to scales. Spikes or panicles of
flowers in summer, followed by large, bamboos, rushes and sedges are florets covered with glumes are produced
MARANTACEAE inflated, globular seed pods with soft illustrated on pp.284–289. and contain both male and female flowers,
bristles. Z12–15 although some species of Carex have
Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous, clump- Grasses (Gramineae) separate male and female flower heads on
forming perennials, previously included GOMPHRENA Family of evergreen, semievergreen or the same stem. Grow in sun or partial shade.
in the genus Calathea, grown for their herbaceous, sometimes creeping perennials, Some sedges grow naturally in water, but
attractive, brightly colored and patterned AMARANTHACEAE annuals and marginal water plants, usually many may be grown in any well-drained
foliage. Frost tender. Requires partial with rhizomes or stolons, that form tufts, soil.
shade and a humid position, without Genus of annuals, occasionally perennials. clumps or carpets. All have basal leaves
fluctuations of temperature, in moist, Only one species, G. globosa, is usually and rounded flower stems that bear See also Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis,
well-drained, humus-rich soil. Propagate cultivated; its flower heads are good for alternate, long, narrow leaves. Flowers Schoenoplectus and Scirpoides.
by division in spring. cutting and drying. Grows best in sun are bisexual (males and females in same
G. lindeniana, syn. Calathea linendiana. and in fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate spikelet) and are arranged in panicles, GREVILLEA
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. by seed sown under glass in spring. racemes or spikes. Each flower head
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lance-shaped, G. globosa (Globe amaranth) illus. p.303. comprises spikelets, with one or more PROTEACEAE
long-stalked, more or less upright leaves, florets, that are covered with glumes
over 1ft (30cm) long, are dark green, with Gordonia axillaris. See Polyspora (scales) from which awns (long, slender Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
paler green, feathered midribs above and axillaris. bristles) may grow. Unless otherwise grown for their flowers and foliage. Grow
marked with reddish-purple below. in full sun and well-drained, preferably
Intermittently produces short, erect spikes acidic soil. Water potted specimens
of 3-petaled, pale yellow flowers. moderately, very little in winter. Pruning
Z14–15 (min. 61–70°F/16–21°C)

GYPSOPHILA

is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by Cream’, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m), is slower- of ovate bracts, the upper ones red, the fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings growing and has central, creamy-white leaf lower ones green with purple-brown seed in fall.
in summer. tAll parts may aggravate variegation. ‘Variegata’ illus. p.119. stripes. Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) G. dioica (Kentucky coffee tree) illus. p.67.
skin allergies. G. monostachya. See G. monostachia.
G. ‘Canberra Gem’ illus. p.201. GUARIANTHE G. sanguinea. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, Gynandriris sisyrinchium. See
G. juniperina f. sulfurea, syn. epiphytic perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 12–14in Moraea sisyrinchium.
G. sulfurea, illus. p.206. ORCHIDACEAE (30–35cm). Has dense, slightly flat rosettes
G. robusta (Silky oak). Fast-growing, of broadly strap-shaped, arching, mid- to GYNURA
evergreen, upright to conical tree. H 100ft See also ORCHIDS. deep green leaves. In summer, a compact
(30m), S to 50ft (15m). Fernlike leaves are G. bowringiana, syn. Cattleya cluster of tubular, yellow flowers, encircled ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
6–10in (15–25cm) long. Mature specimens bowringiana (illus. p.466). Evergreen, by red bracts, develops at the heart of each
bear upturned bell-shaped, bright yellow epiphytic or terrestrial orchid for a cool mature rosette. Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
or orange flowers in dense, one-sided greenhouse. H 18in (45cm). In fall bears G. tricolor. See G. monostachia. and semiscrambling climbers, grown for
spikes, 4in (10cm) or more long, in spring– large heads of rose-purple-lipped, G. vittata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, their ornamental foliage or flower heads.
summer. Z10–11 (min. 41°F/5°C) magenta flowers, 3in (8cm) across. Has epiphytic perennial. H and S 14–24in (35– Frost tender. Requires a lightly shaded
G. ‘Robyn Gordon’. Evergreen, sprawling ovate, stiff leaves, 3–4in (8–10cm) long. 60cm). Produces fairly loose rosettes of position in summer and any fertile, well-
shrub. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 20–60in (50– Grow in semishade during summer strap-shaped, erect, dark green leaves with drained soil. Water moderately throughout
150cm). Has leathery, dark green leaves and do not spray from overhead. Z12–15 pale green cross-bands and recurved tips. the year, less in cool conditions; do not
and arching stems that bear racemes of (min. 41°F/5°C, max. 86°F/30°C) Stem bears a compact, egg-shaped head overwater. Provide support for stems.
crimson flowers with protruding, recurved of small, tubular, white flowers in summer. Remove stem tips to encourage
styles from early spring to late summer. GUNNERA Z14–15 (min. 59°F/15°C) branching. Propagate by softwood or
Z13–15 semiripe cuttings in spring or summer.
G. rosmarinifolia illus. p.203. GUNNERACEAE GYMNOCALYCIUM G. aurantiaca (Velvet plant) illus. p.462.
G. sulfurea. See G. juniperina f. sulfurea. ‘Purple Passion’ is an erect, woody-
Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous CACTACEAE based, soft-stemmed subshrub or
GREYIA perennials, some evergreen, grown mainly semiscrambling climber. H 3–10ft (1–3m)
for their foliage. Some are clump-forming Genus of spherical to cylindrical, perennial or more. Stems and lance-shaped, lobed,
MELIANTHACEAE/GREYACEAE with very large leaves; others are mat- cacti producing abundant, funnel-shaped serrated leaves are covered with velvety,
forming with smaller leaves. Shelter from flowers in spring–summer. Crowns purple hairs. Leaves are purple-green
Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering wind in summer; where marginally hardy, generally bear smooth, scaly buds. Frost above, deep red-purple beneath. In winter,
shrubs or small trees, grown for their cover with garden compost in winter. tender. Needs full sun or partial shade and clusters of daisylike, orange-yellow flower
flowers and overall appearance. Frost Some require sun while others do best in very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed heads are produced and these become
tender. Needs full light and well-drained partial shade; all need moist soil. or offsets in spring or summer. purplish as they mature.
soil. Water containerized specimens Propagate by seed in fall or spring; small G. andreae. Clump-forming, spherical, Z14–15 (min. 55°F/13°C)
moderately, less when not in full growth. species by division in spring. perennial cactus. H 21⁄2in (6cm), S 4in (10cm).
Remove or shorten flowered stems after G. chilensis. See G. tinctoria. Has a glossy, dark green stem bearing 8 GYPSOPHILA G
flowering. Propagate by seed in spring G. magellanica illus. p.371. rounded ribs and 7 pale yellow-white
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. G. manicata of gardens, illus. p.443. spines per areole. Yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) CARYOPHYLLACEAE 591
Plants grown under glass need plenty G. scabra. See G. tinctoria. across, are borne in spring and summer.
of ventilation. G. tinctoria, syn. G. chilensis, G. scabra. Z11–12 (min. 41°F/5°C) Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals
G. sutherlandii (Natal bottlebrush) illus. Robust, rounded, clump-forming perennial. G. gibbosum illus. p.481. and perennials, some evergreen or
p.455. H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more. Has very large, G. mihanovichii ‘Red Head’, syn. G.m semievergreen. Needs sun. Will grow in
rounded, puckered and lobed leaves, 11⁄2– ‘Hibotan’, G.m. ‘Red Cap’, illus. p.487. dry, sandy and stony soils, but does best
GRINDELIA 2ft (45–60cm) across. In early summer, G. quehlianum. Flattened spherical, in deep, well-drained soil. Resents being
bears dense, conical clusters of tiny, dull perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (7cm). disturbed. Cut back after flowering for
Gum plant, Rosinweed, Tarweed reddish-green flowers. May be invasive. Gray-blue to brown stem has 11 or so a second flush of flowers. Propagate G.
Z9–10 rounded ribs. Areoles each produce 5 paniculata cultivars by grafting in winter;
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE curved spines. Has white flowers, 2in others by softwood cuttings in summer or
GUZMANIA (5cm) across, with red throats, in spring– by seed in fall or spring.
Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen, summer. Easy to flower. Z13–15 G. cerastioides illus. p.349.
often woody-based perennials and some BROMELIACEAE (min. 41°F/5°C) G. elegans illus. p.299.
subshrubs, grown for their flower heads. G. schickendantzii. Flattened spherical, G. paniculata ‘Bristol Fairy’ illus.
Where marginally hardy, grow in a warm, Genus of evergreen, almost stemless, perennial cactus. H and S 4in (10cm). Dark p.231. ‘Flamingo’ is a spreading, short-
sheltered site. Requires sun and well- rosette-forming, mainly epiphytic green stem has 7–14 deeply indented ribs lived perennial. H 2–21⁄2ft (60–75cm),
drained soil. Water potted specimens perennials, grown for their overall and long, red-tipped, gray-brown spines. S 3ft (1m). In summer, bears panicles of
moderately, less when not in full growth. appearance. Frost tender. Needs Bears white to red flowers, 2in (5cm) numerous, small, rounded, double, pale
Remove spent flowering stems either as semishade and a rooting medium of across, in summer. Z13–15 pink flowers on wiry, branching stems.
they die or in following spring. Propagate equal parts humus-rich soil and either Has small, linear, mid-green leaves. Z5–9
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings sphagnum moss, or bark or plastic chips GYMNOCARPIUM G. repens. Semievergreen, prostrate
in late summer. used for orchid culture. Water moderately perennial with much-branched rhizomes.
G. chiloensis, syn. G. speciosa, illus. p.161. with soft water during growing season, WOODSIACEAE/DRYOPTERIDACEAE H 1–2in (2.5–5cm) or more, S 1ft (30cm)
G. speciosa. See G. chiloensis. sparingly at other times, and keep rosette or more. In summer, produces sprays of
centers filled with water from spring Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous, small, rounded, white, lilac or pink flowers
GRISELINIA to fall. Propagate by offsets in spring terrestrial ferns with triangular fronds, on slender stems with narrowly ovate,
or summer. ideal for groundcover. Grow in deep bluish-green leaves. Excellent for a rock
GRISELINIACEAE G. lingulata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, shade and preferably neutral to acidic, garden, wall or dry bank. May also be
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–18in (30– leafy, moist soil. Propagate from spores propagated by division in spring. Z4–7.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, 45cm). Forms loose rosettes of broadly when ripe, or divide in spring. ‘Dorothy Teacher’ illus. p.362.
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for strap-shaped, arching, mid-green leaves. G. dryopteris (Oak fern). Deciduous G. ‘Rosenschleier’, syn. G. ‘Rosy Veil’.
their foliage. Thrives in mild, coastal Bears a cluster of tubular, white to yellow fern. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite. Bears Vigorous, dense, mound-forming,
areas where it is effective as a hedge or flowers, surrounded by a rosette of bright distinctive, divided fronds. Pinnae are semievergreen perennial. H 16–20in (40–
windbreak as it is very wind- and salt- red, orange or pink bracts, in summer. triangular, with oblong to ovate, toothed 50cm), S 3ft (1m). Branching stems
resistant. Requires sun and fertile, well- Z14–15. (min. 59°F/15°C) var. minor, and scalloped segments. Pale yellowish- produce linear to lance-shaped, bluish-
drained soil. Restrict growth and trim H and S 6in (15cm), has yellow-green green when young, the fronds darken to green leaves. In mid- and late summer,
hedges in early summer. Propagate by leaves and bright red bracts. vivid rich green as they mature. Z4–8 bears wide, dense clouds of double
semiripe cuttings in summer. G. monostachia, syn. G. monostachya, flowers, in many, loose sprays, opening
G. littoralis (Broadleaf). Fast-growing, G. tricolor. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, GYMNOCLADUS white and becoming very pale pink. Z5–9
evergreen, upright shrub of dense habit. epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–16in (30– G. ‘Rosy Veil’. See G. ‘Rosenschleier’.
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has ovate, leathery 40cm). Has dense rosettes of strap-shaped, CAESALPINIACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE
leaves that are bright apple-green. Tiny, erect to arching, pale to yellowish-green
inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers are leaves. In summer, elongated spikes of Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
borne in late spring. Z7–9. ‘Dixon’s tubular, white flowers emerge from axils their foliage. Requires full sun and deep,

HAAGEOCEREUS

H are hairy on both surfaces. Z5–7. var. H. multiflorus. See Scadoxus shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Ovate leaves
ferdinandi-coburgii see H. ferdinandi- multiflorus. are mid-green. Abundant, bell-shaped,
HAAGEOCEREUS coburgii. ‘Virginalis’ illus. p.359. H. natalensis. See Scadoxus puniceus. white flowers, hanging from bare shoots,
H. puniceus. See Scadoxus puniceus. are produced in late spring, and are
CACTACEAE HABRANTHUS H. sanguineus. Deciduous, summer- to followed by 4-winged, green fruits. Z5–8.
fall-flowering bulb. H to 12in (30cm), Monticola Group (syn. H. monticola,
Genus of shrubby or treelike, columnar, AMARYLLIDACEAE S 6in (15cm). Bears 2 prostrate, ovate to H. tetraptera var. monticola; Silver bell,
solitary or clump-forming, perennial cacti oblong, rough, dark green leaves, hairy Snowdrop tree) illus. p.71. Vestita Group
with ribbed, densely spiny, columnar, Genus of summer- and fall-flowering beneath. Dark red flower stems form (syn. H. monticola var. vestita) bear larger
green stems branching from the base. bulbs, grown for their funnel-shaped before leaves and bear dense heads of up white or pink-tinged flowers, to 11⁄4in (3cm)
Requires full sun and very well-drained flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and to 100 small, red or pink flowers, with across. Leaves are downy beneath at first,
soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings fertile soil. Provide a good supply of prominent stamens, followed by cream to becoming hairless later.
in spring or summer. moisture when in growth. Propagate by dark red fruit. Z13–15 (min. 41°F/5°C)
H. decumbens. Semiprostrate, perennial seed or offsets from winter to spring. X HALIMIOCISTUS
cactus. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Stems, 21⁄2in H. andersonii. See H. tubispathus. HAKEA
(6cm) across, with 15–22 ribs, have dark H. brachyandrus. Summer-flowering CISTACEAE
red, central spines, 2in (5cm) long, and bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2in (5cm). PROTEACEAE
shorter, dense, golden, radial spines. Long, linear, semierect, narrow leaves Hybrid genus (Cistus x Halimium) of
Tubular, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, form a basal cluster. Each flower stem Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, evergreen shrubs, grown for their
are produced in summer near crowns, on bears a semierect, widely funnel-shaped, grown for their often needlelike leaves and flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
mature plants. Z13–15 (min. 52°F/11°C) pinkish-red flower, 3–4in (7–10cm) long. their flowers. Wind-resistant, except in soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
H. pseudomelanostele. Upright, Z10–11 cold areas. Requires full sun and fertile, in summer.
perennial cactus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). H. robustus, syn. Zephyranthes robusta, well-drained soil. Water container-grown x H. sahucii, syn. Cistus revolii of
Green stem, 4in (10cm) across, with 19 or illus. p.426. specimens moderately in growth, and gardens, illus. p.149.
so ribs, bears white, golden or red, central H. tubispathus, syn. H. andersonii, sparingly in winter. Propagate by semiripe x H. wintonensis, syn. Cistus
spines and shorter, dense, bristlelike, Zephyranthes andersonii. Summer- cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. wintonensis, Halimium wintonense.
white, radial ones. Bears tubular, white, flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm), S 1in H. drupacea, syn. H. suaveolens. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft (60cm),
lilac-white or pinkish-red flowers, 3in (25cm). Has linear, semierect, basal leaves Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6ft S 3ft (90cm). Saucer-shaped, white flowers,
(7cm) long, near the crown in summer. and a succession of flower stems each (2m) or more. Leaves are divided into each with deep red bands and a yellow
Z13–15 (min. 52°F/11°C) bearing solitary, 1–11⁄2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, cylindrical, needlelike leaflets or center, open amid lance-shaped, gray-
H. versicolor. Erect, clump-forming funnel-shaped flowers, yellow inside, occasionally are undivided and lance- green leaves in late spring and early
cactus. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Dense, copper-red outside. Z10–11 shaped. Short, dense clusters of small, summer. Z7–9. ‘Merrist Wood Cream’
radial spines, golden, red or brown, at fragrant, tubular, white flowers are bears creamy-yellow, red-banded flowers
times form colored bands around a longer, HACQUETIA produced from summer to winter. Z10–11 with yellow centers.
central spine up the green stem. In summer, H. lissosperma, syn. H. sericea of
produces long-tubed, white flowers near syn. DONDIA gardens (Mountain hakea). Evergreen, HALIMIUM
upright, densely branched shrub or small
H the crown. Z13–15 (min. 52°F/11°C) APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE tree of pinelike appearance. H 10–20ft CISTACEAE
(3–6m), S 3–12ft (1–4m). Has long, slender,
HABENARIA Genus of one species of clump-forming, sharply pointed, gray-green leaves and, Genus of evergreen shrubs, sometimes
rhizomatous perennial that creeps slowly, in late spring and early summer, bears combined with the genus Cistus, grown
ORCHIDACEAE grown for its yellow or yellow-green clusters of small, spidery, white flowers. for their showy flowers. Good for coastal
flower heads borne on leafless plants in Z10–11 gardens. Does best in full sun and light,
See also ORCHIDS. late winter and early spring. Good in H. sericea of gardens. See well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
H. radiata, syn. Pecteilis radiata (Egret rock gardens. Prefers shade and humus- H. lissosperma. cuttings in summer.
flower), illus. p.408. rich, moist soil. Resents root disturbance. H. suaveolens. See H. drupacea. H. formosum. See H. lasianthum subsp.
H. rhodocheila. Deciduous, terrestrial Propagate by division in spring, by formosum.
orchid. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has seed when fresh in fall, or by root HAKONECHLOA H. lasianthum. Evergreen, bushy,
fleshy tubers and an erect stem bearing cuttings in winter. spreading shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m).
linear, dark green leaves. In summer, bears H. epipactis, syn. Dondia epipactis, POACEAE/GRAMINEAE Leaves are ovate and gray-green. In late
upright racemes of green flowers, each Sanicula epipactis, illus. p.356. spring and early summer, bears saucer-
with a 3-lobed, scarlet, orange, or yellow See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, shaped, golden-yellow flowers, sometimes
lip. Z11–12 (min. 55°F/13°C, max. 86°F/30°C) HAEMANTHUS and SEDGES. with small, central, red blotches. Z9–11.
H. macra. Mound-forming, perennial ‘Concolor’ is free-flowering and without
592 HABERLEA Blood lily grass. H 14in (35cm), S 16in (40cm). Has blotches. subsp. formosum (syn.
arching, linear, bright green leaves, tinged H. formosum) illus. p.161. subsp.
GESNERIACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE red in fall. Bears needlelike, pale green formosum ‘Sandling’ is low-growing,
spikelets in open panicles from late with bold, brownish-red marks at the
Genus of evergreen, rosetted perennials, Genus of bulbs, some evergreen, with summer to midfall. Z5–9. ‘Aureola’ bases of the petals.
grown for their elegant sprays of flowers. dense heads of small, star-shaped, often illus. p.289. H. ocymoides, syn. Cistus algarvensis.
Useful for a wall, rock garden, or alpine brightly colored flowers, from summer to Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft (60cm),
house. Needs partially shaded, moist soil. winter. Prefers full sun or partial shade HALESIA S 3ft (1m). Narrowly ovate leaves, covered
Resents disturbance to roots. Propagate by and well-drained soil or sandy potting mix. in white hairs when young, mature to dark
seed in spring or by leaf cuttings or offsets Apply liquid fertilizer in the growing Silver bell, Snowdrop tree green. In early summer, bears upright
in early summer. season. Leave undisturbed for as long as clusters of saucer-shaped, golden-yellow
H. ferdinandi-coburgii, syn. possible before replanting. Propagate by STYRACACEAE flowers, conspicuously blotched with black
H. rhodopensis var. ferdinandi-coburgii. offsets or seed before the onset of growth or purple. Z9–11. ‘Susan’ see H. ‘Susan’.
Evergreen, dense, basal-rosetted in early spring. tAll parts may cause mild Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering H. ‘Susan’, syn. H. ocymoides ‘Susan’,
perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 10in stomach upset if ingested; contact with the trees and shrubs, grown for their showy, illus. p.160.
(25cm). Sometimes considered a cultivar sap may irritate skin. pendent, bell-shaped flowers and curious, H. wintonense. See x Halimiocistus
rather than a distinct species. Has oblong, H. albiflos (Shaving brush plant, winged fruits. Needs a sunny, sheltered wintonensis.
toothed, dark green leaves, hairy below, White paint brush). Evergreen, clump- position. Prefers moist but well-drained,
almost hairless above. Sprays of funnel- forming bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm), neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by HAMAMELIS
shaped, blue-violet flowers with white S 12in (30cm). Has pairs of broadly strap- softwood cuttings in summer or by
throats open on long stems in late spring shaped, mid-green leaves, with hairy seed in fall. Witch hazel
and early summer. Z5–8 margins and sometimes white spots. From H. carolina of gardens. See H. tetraptera.
H. rhodopensis. Evergreen, dense, fall to winter, sturdy stems bear brushlike H. monticola. See H. tetraptera HAMAMELIDACEAE
basal-rosetted perennial. H 6in (15cm), heads of tiny, white flowers with long Monticola Group.
S 10in (25cm). Similar in appearance stamens. White to red fruits follow. Z13–15 H. monticola var. vestita. See Genus of deciduous, fall- to early-spring-
to H. ferdinandi-coburgii, but leaves (min. 41°F/5°C) H. tetraptera Vestita Group. flowering shrubs, grown for their fall color
H. coccineus (Cape tulip) illus. p.423. H. tetraptera, syn. H. carolina of and fragrant, frost-resistant flowers, each
H. katherinae. See Scadoxus multiflorus gardens. Deciduous, spreading tree or with 4 narrowly strap-shaped petals.
subsp. katherinae. Flourishes in sun or semishade and fertile,
H. magnificus. See Scadoxus puniceus.

HEBE

well-drained, peaty, acidic soil. Propagate Hamatocactus setispinus. See Bears tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers green centers and creamy-white margins. H
species by seed in fall, selected forms by Thelocactus setispinus. from spring to fall on long, slender stems. Has dense spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac
softwood cuttings in summer, by budding Z13–15 flowers from midsummer to fall. Z10–11 593
in late summer, or by grafting in winter. Hamatocactus uncinatus. See H. fasciata. Very variable, slow-growing, H. ‘Autumn Glory’ illus. p.157.
See also feature panel p.118. Sclerocactus uncinatus. clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 4in H. ‘Blue Gem’, syn. H. x franciscana
H. x intermedia ‘Angelly’. Deciduous, (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has raised, white ‘Blue Gem’, H. latifolia. Evergreen,
upright, slow-growing shrub. H and S 12ft HARDENBERGIA dots, mostly in bands, on undersides of spreading shrub. H and S 41⁄2ft (1.3m).
(4m) or more. Has ovate, bright green triangular, slightly incurved leaves, to 3in Has densely arranged, oblong, mid-green
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Produces Coral pea (8cm) long, which are arranged in a basal leaves. Bears dense spikes of small,
fragrant, large, bright citrus-yellow rosette. Bears tubular to bell-shaped, white 4-lobed, violet-blue flowers from
flowers in late winter. Z5–9. ‘Aphrodite’ PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE flowers, on long, slender stems, from midsummer until early winter. Z8–10
(illus. p.118) bears abundant large, spring to fall. Z12–15 (min. 41°F/5°C) H. ‘Bowles’s Hybrid’, syn. H. ‘Bowles
fragrant, spidery, golden-orange flowers, Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, H. setata. See H. arachnoidea. Variety’, illus. p.157.
along bare branches, in winter. ‘Arnold twining or trailing climbers, grown for H. truncata illus. p.492. H. brachysiphon. Evergreen, bushy,
Promise’ (illus. p.118) has a spreading their curtains of leaves and racemes of shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oblong, dark
habit and yellow flowers in mid- and late pealike flowers. Grows best in sun and in HEATHERS green leaves and dense spikes of small,
winter. ‘Aurora’ has very large, sweetly well-drained soil that does not dry out. 4-lobed, white flowers in midsummer.
scented, straw-yellow and light red Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer ERICACEAE Z8–10. ‘White Gem’ see H. ‘White Gem’.
flowers with purplish-red calyces, and or fall or by seed (soaked before sowing) H. buchananii. Evergreen, dome-
orange- and red-tinted fall foliage. in spring. Heathers (also known as heaths) are shaped shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 36in
‘Barmstedt Gold’ (illus. p.118) is H. comptoniana illus. p.194. evergreen, woody-stemmed shrubs, (90cm). Very dark stems bear ovate,
vigorous, with strongly scented, deep H. monophylla. See H. violacea. grown for their flowers and foliage, both bluish-green leaves. In summer, produces
golden-yellow flowers, with red-tinted H. violacea, syn. H. monophylla of which may provide year-round color. clusters of small, 4-lobed, white flowers
bases. ‘Diane’ has deep red flowers from (Purple coral pea). Evergreen, woody- There are 3 genera: Calluna, Daboecia, at stem tips. Z8–10. ‘Minor’, H to
mid- to late winter. Leaves turn yellow and stemmed, twining climber. H to 6ft (2m) and Erica. Calluna has one species, 4in (10cm), S to 6in (15cm), has smaller
red in fall. ‘Harry’ is free-flowering, with or more. Narrowly ovate leaves are 1–5in C. vulgaris, but contains a large number leaves.
large, pale tawny-orange flowers in (2.5–12cm) long. Violet, occasionally pink of cultivars that flower mainly from H. ‘Carl Teschner’. See H. ‘Youngii’.
midwinter. ‘Jelena’ (illus. p.118) has or white, flowers, with yellow blotches on midsummer to late fall. Daboecia has H. carnosula. Evergreen, prostrate
coppery-orange flowers from early to upper petals, are borne from late winter 2 species, both of which flower in shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm) or
midwinter and bright orange or red fall to early summer. Brownish pods are borne summer. The largest genus is Erica, which, more. Has small, oblong to ovate, slightly
leaves. ‘Pallida’ (syn. H. mollis ‘Pallida’; in fall. Z12–15. ‘Happy Wanderer’ although broadly divided into 2 groups— convex, fleshy, glaucous leaves. Terminal
illus. p.118), S 10ft (3m), has dense clusters illus. p.462. winter- and summer-flowering species— clusters of many small, white flowers, with
of large, sulfur-yellow flowers. has some species also flowering in spring 4 pointed lobes, are borne in late spring or
‘Primavera’ (illus. p.118) has yellow HATIORA and fall. They vary in height from tree early summer. Z9–10
flowers in late winter and early spring. heaths, which may grow to 20ft (6m), to H. cupressoides illus. p.165. ‘Boughton
‘Robert’ (illus. p.118) bears abundant, syn. RHIPSALIDOPSIS dwarf, prostrate plants that, if planted Dome’ illus. p.347.
orange-red flowers. ‘Rubin’ has medium- 12–18in (30–45cm) apart, soon spread to H. ‘E.A. Bowles’ illus. p.157.
sized, clear red flowers, with twisted and CACTACEAE form a thick mat of groundcover. H. ‘Eveline’, syn. H. ‘Gauntlettii’.
crimped petals and purple and red calyces. Heathers prefer an open, sunny position Evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
‘Vesna’ produces golden-yellow flowers Genus of perennial, epiphytic or terrestrial and require humus-rich, well-drained Has long spikes of small, 4-lobed, pink
flushed with red. cacti with short, jointed, cylindrical stems, soil. Calluna and Daboecia dislike flowers, each with a purplish tube, amid
H. japonica (Japanese witch hazel). each swollen at one end like a bottle. limestone and must be grown in acidic rich green, oblong leaves from late
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and Requires partial shade and very well- soil; some species of Erica tolerate slightly summer to late fall. Z10–11
S 12ft (4m). Broadly ovate, glossy, mid-green drained soil. Keep damp in summer; w alkaline soil, but all are better grown in H. ‘Fairfieldii’. Evergreen, upright
leaves turn yellow in fall. Fragrant, yellow ater a little in winter. Propagate by stem acidic soils. Prune lightly after flowering shrub. H and S 2ft (60cm). Ovate, toothed,
flowers, with crinkled petals, are produced cuttings in spring or summer. each year to keep plants bushy and glossy, bright green leaves are red-
on bare branches from mid- to late winter. H. clavata. See Rhipsalis gaertneri. compact. Propagate species by seed in margined. Large, open panicles of small,
Z5–9. ‘Zuccariniana’ produces paler, H. gaertneri, syn. Rhipsalidopsis spring or by softwood cuttings, division, 4-lobed, pale lilac flowers are produced in
lemon-yellow flowers in early spring and gaertneri (Easter Cactus), illus. p.487. or layering in summer. Seed cannot be late spring and early summer. Z9–10
has leaves that turn orange-yellow in fall. H. rosea, syn. Rhipsalidopsis rosea relied on to come true. All cultivars should H. x francisciana ‘Blue Gem’. See
H. mollis (Chinese witch hazel). (Easter Cactus), illus. p.485. be vegetatively propagated. Heathers are H. ‘Blue Gem’.
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and H. salicornioides, syn. Rhipsalis illustrated on p.166. H. ‘Gauntlettii’. See H. ‘Eveline’.
S 12ft (4m) or more. Broadly ovate, mid- salicornioides (Drunkard’s dream). H. ‘Great Orme’ illus. p.153.
green leaves turn yellow in fall. Produces Bushy, perennial, epiphytic cactus. HEBE H. hulkeana. Evergreen, upright, open
highly fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers, H and S 16in (40cm). Has freely branching shrub. H and S 2ft (60cm). Ovate, toothed,
along bare branches, in mid- and late stems, 11⁄4in (3cm) long. Has joints PLANTAGINACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE glossy, dark green leaves have red
winter. Z5–9. ‘Coombe Wood’ has with expanded tips and terminal, margins. Bears abundant, small, 4-lobed,
golden-yellow flowers. ‘Jermyns Gold’ bell-shaped, golden-yellow flowers in Genus of evergreen shrubs, rarely trees, pale lilac flowers in large, open panicles in
has large clusters of broad-petaled, long- spring. Z13–15 (min. 55°F/13°C) sometimes included in the genus Veronica, late spring and early summer. Z9–11
lasting, bright yellow flowers. grown for their often dense panicles, H. latifolia. See H. ‘Blue Gem’.
‘Pallida’ see H. x intermedia ‘Pallida’. HAWORTHIA racemes, or spikes of flowers and their H. ‘La Séduisante’. See H. speciosa
H. vernalis ‘Sandra’. Deciduous, foliage. Grows well in coastal areas. ‘La Séduisante’.
upright, open shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). ASPHODELACEAE/LILIACEAE Smaller species and cultivars are suitable H. macrantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
Ovate leaves are purple when young, mid- for rock gardens. Requires full sun and H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (90cm). Has ovate,
green in summer, and purple, red, orange, Genus of basal-rosetted, clump-forming, well-drained soil. Growth may be toothed, fleshy, bright green leaves and
and yellow in fall. Produces small, perennial succulents with triangular to restricted, or leggy plants tidied up, by produces racemes of large, 4-lobed, pure
fragrant, spidery, deep yellow blooms in rounded, green leaves. Roots tend to cutting back in spring. Propagate by white flowers in early summer. May
late winter and early spring. Z4–8 wither in winter or during long periods of semiripe cuttings in summer. become bare at the base. Z9–11
H. virginiana (Common witch hazel). drought. Needs partial shade to stay green H. albicans illus. p.151. H. ‘Midsummer Beauty’. Evergreen,
Deciduous, open, upright shrub. and grow quickly; if planted in full sun, H. ‘Alicia Amherst’. Evergreen, fast- rounded, open shrub. H 6ft (2m),
H and S 12ft (4m). Has broadly ovate turns red or orange and grows slowly. growing upright shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). S 5ft (1.5m). Long, narrow, glossy,
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Small, Requires very well-drained soil. Keep dry Has large, oblong, glossy, dark green bright green leaves are reddish-purple
fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers, with in winter. Propagate by seed or division leaves and, in late summer to fall, large beneath. Long spikes of small, 4-lobed,
4 narrow petals, are produced in fall as from spring to fall. Haworthia attenuata spikes of small, 4-lobed, deep violet-purple lilac flowers that fade to white are
leaves drop. Z3–8 and H. fasciata are sometimes included in flowers. Z9–10 borne from midsummer to late fall.
the genus Haworthiopsis. H. ‘Andersonii Argenteovariegata’. Z9–11
Hamatocactus hamatacanthus. See H. arachnoidea, syn. H. setata, illus. See H. x andersonii ‘Variegata’. H. ‘Mrs. Winder’, syn. H. ‘Waikiki’,
Ferocactus hamatacanthus. p.491. H. x andersonii ‘Variegata’, syn. H. ‘Warleyensis’. Compact, rounded
H. attenuata illus. p.480. H. ‘Andersonii Argenteovariegata’. evergreen shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m).
H. x cuspidata. Clump-forming, Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 10in Oblong, dark green leaves have gray-
(25cm). Produces a basal rosette of
smooth, rounded, fleshy, light green
leaves covered with translucent marks.

HEBE

Has purplish-brown shoots and oblong alkaline soil. Prune in spring to control (syn. H.h. ‘Gold Harald’), H 3ft (1m), has Sweetheart ivy), H 15ft (5m), has heart-
to ovate, dark green leaves, dark red- height and spread, and to remove any small, 3- to 5-lobed, gray-green leaves with shaped leaves; suitable only for growing
purple when young, with brown-purple damaged growth. Propagate in late broad yellow margins. ‘Golden Ingot’, against a wall. ‘Spetchley’ (syn. H. helix
midribs. Bears medium-sized, violet-blue summer by softwood cuttings or rooted H 3ft (1m), similar to ‘Goldchild’, but has ‘Spetchley’), H 6in (15cm), has variable,
flowers in axillary racemes in late summer. layers. Red spider mite may be a more pointed leaf lobes. Z5–10. ‘Gold tiny, dark green leaves, usually 3-lobed,
Z9–11 problem when plants are grown against Harald’ see H.h. ‘Goldchild’. ‘Goldheart’ but often with a single lobe. Occasionally
H. ‘Nicola’s Blush’ illus. p.152. a south-facing wall or in dry conditions. see H.h. ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Green reverts to leaves similar to those of the
H. ochracea. Evergreen, bushy, dense tAll parts of ivy may cause severe Ripple’, H 6ft (2m), has mid-green leaves species. Ideal for groundcover or as
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Slender shoots are discomfort if ingested; contact with with prominent, light green veins; good a houseplant.
densely covered with tiny, scalelike, ocher- sap may aggravate skin allergies or for groundcover or for growing against a H. himalaica. See H. nepalensis.
tinged, olive-green leaves. Bears clusters irritate skin. low wall. ‘Hahn’s Self-branching’ see H. nepalensis, syn. H. cinerea,
of small, 4-lobed, white flowers in late H. algeriensis, syn H. canariensis of H.h. ‘Pittsburgh’. ‘Heise’, H 1ft (30cm), has H. himalaica (Nepal ivy). Evergreen, self-
spring and early summer. Z8–10. ‘James gardens. Fast-growing, evergreen, self- small, gray-green leaves with cream clinging climber. H 10ft (3m). Has ovate to
Stirling’, H 18in (45cm), S 2ft (60cm), has clinging climber. H 6ft (2m). Has ovate to variegation; suitable as groundcover for a triangular, toothed, olive-green leaves and
tiny, triangular, rich ocher-yellow leaves. triangular, unlobed, glossy, mid-green small, sheltered area. subsp. hibernica is suitable only for growing against a
Bears small to medium-sized, white leaves and reddish-purple stems. Suitable see H. hibernica. ‘Ivalace’ (syn. H.h. ‘Mini sheltered wall. Young growth may suffer
flowers in late spring and early summer. for growing against a wall in a sheltered Green’), H 3ft (1m), has curled and damage from late frost. Z8–11. ‘Suzanne’,
H. pinguifolia ‘Pagei’ illus. p.337. area. Z6–11. ‘Gloire de Marengo’ has crimped, glossy leaves; good for ground- H 6ft (2m), is less vigorous than the species
H. ‘Purple Queen’ illus. p.157. silver-variegated leaves. ‘Ravensholst’, cover and for growing against a low wall. and has 5-lobed leaves with backward-
H. rakaiensis. Evergreen, rounded, H 15ft (5m), is vigorous with large leaves; ‘Jubiläum Goldherz’ see H.h. ‘Oro di pointing basal lobes.
compact shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). good for groundcover. Bogliasco’. ‘Jubilee Goldheart’ see H.h. H. pastuchovii. Moderately vigorous,
Bears small, dense spikes of 4-lobed, white H. canariensis of gardens, see ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Königers Auslese’ evergreen, self-clinging climber.
flowers amid small, oblong, mid-green H. algeriensis. (syn. H.h. ‘Sagittifolia’ of gardens), H 4ft H 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped, glossy, dark
leaves from early to mid-summer. Z8–10 H. cinerea. See H. nepalensis. (1.2m), has fingerlike, deeply cut leaves; green leaves and should only be grown
H. recurva illus. p.151. H. colchica (Bullock’s heart ivy, Persian not suitable for groundcover. ‘Little against a wall. Z6–11. ‘Ann Ala’ has
H. ‘Ruddigore’. See H. speciosa ‘La ivy). Evergreen, self-clinging climber or Diamond’ is slow-growing and has handsome, unlobed, dark blackish-
Séduisante’. trailing perennial. H to 30ft (10m). Has unlobed, diamond-shaped, gray-green green leaves.
H. salicifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub. large, ovate, unlobed, dark green leaves. leaves, variegated creamy-white. H. rhombea (Japanese ivy). Evergreen,
H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has long, narrow, Suitable for growing against a wall. ‘Manda’s Crested’ (syn. H.h. self-clinging climber. H 10ft (3m). Has
pointed, pale green leaves and, in summer, Z6–11. ‘Curlylocks’), H 6ft (2m), has elegant, small, fairly thick, diamond-shaped,
produces slender spikes of small, 4-lobed, ‘Dentata’ is more vigorous and has large, wavy-edged, mid-green leaves that turn unlobed, mid-green leaves. Suitable only
white or pale lilac flowers. Z8–10 light green leaves. Good when grown a coppery shade in winter. ‘Mini Green’ for growing against a low wall. Z6–11.
H. speciosa ‘La Séduisante’, syn. H. ‘La against a wall or for groundcover. see H.h. ‘Ivalace’. ‘Oro di Bogliasco’ ‘Variegata’ has leaves with narrow,
Séduisante’, H. ‘Ruddigore’, H. speciosa ‘Dentata Variegata’, H 15ft (5m), has (syn. H.h. ‘Goldheart’, H.h. ‘Jubiläum white margins.
‘Ruddigore’. Evergreen, upright shrub. variegated, cream-yellow leaves; useful to Goldherz’, H.h. ‘Jubilee Goldheart’) illus. H. x soroksarensis ‘Woeneri’, syn.
H and S 3ft (1m). Ovate, glossy, deep green brighten a shady corner. ‘Paddy’s Pride’ p.211. ‘Parsley Crested’ (syn. H.h. H. helix ‘Woeneri’. Vigorous, evergreen,
leaves are purple beneath. Large spikes of see H.c. ‘Sulphur Heart’. ‘Sulphur Heart’ ‘Cristata’), H 6ft (2m), has light green self-clinging climber. H 12ft (4m). Has
small, dark purplish-red flowers are borne (syn. H.c. ‘Paddy’s Pride’) illus. p.211. leaves, crested at margins; not suitable bluntly lobed, gray-green leaves, with
H. helix (English ivy). Vigorous, for groundcover. ‘Pedata’ (syn. H.h. lighter colored veins, that turn purple
H from late summer to late fall. Z9–11 evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing ‘Caenwoodiana’; Bird’s-foot ivy), H 12ft in winter. Z4–9
H. speciosa ‘Ruddigore’. See perennial. H 30ft (10m). Has 5-lobed, dark (4m), has gray-green leaves shaped like a
H. speciosa ‘La Séduisante’. green leaves. Provides good ground- and bird’s foot; not suitable for groundcover. HEDYCHIUM
H. vernicosa illus. p.337. wall cover, but may be invasive; for a small ‘Pittsburgh’ (syn. H.h. ‘Hahn’s Self-
H. ‘Waikiki’. See H. ‘Mrs. Winder’. garden, the more decorative cultivars are branching’), H 3ft (1m), has mid-green syn. BRACHYCHILUM
H. ‘Warleyensis’. See H. ‘Mrs. Winder’. preferable. Z5–11. ‘Adam’, H 15ft (5m), leaves; suitable for growing against a low Garland flower, Ginger lily
H. ‘White Gem’, syn. H. brachysiphon has small, light green leaves variegated wall and for groundcover. f. poetarum
‘White Gem’, illus. p.149. yellow; may suffer leaf damage in winter, (syn. H.h. ‘Poetica Arborea’; Italian ivy, ZINGIBERACEAE
H. ‘Youngii’, syn. H. ‘Carl Teschner’. but will recover. ‘Angularis Aurea’ see Poet's ivy), H 10ft (3m), slow-growing with
Evergreen, prostrate, becoming dome- H. hibernica ‘Angularis Aurea’. ‘Anne large, 5-lobed, shiny, mid-green leaves. Genus of perennials with sturdy, fleshy
shaped, shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 2ft (60cm). Borch’ see H.h. ‘Anna Marie’. ‘Anna Often grown as a “bush ivy,” it bears rhizomes. Fragrant, showy flowers are
Blackish-brown stems are covered in small, Marie’ (syn. H.h. ‘Anne Borch’), H 4ft distinctive, orange-yellow fruits, even on short-lived, but borne profusely. Grow
elliptic to broadly ovate, glossy, dark green (1.2m), has light green leaves with cream comparatively young plants. ‘Poetica in sheltered borders and conservatories.
leaves. Bears short racemes of tiny, 4-lobed, variegation, mostly at margins; may suffer Arborea’ see H.h. f. poetarum. Requires a position in sun and in rich,
white-throated, purple flowers in summer. leaf damage in winter. ‘Atropurpurea’ ‘Purpurea’ see H.h. ‘Atropurpurea’. moist soil. Propagate by division in spring;
Excellent border plant. Z8–9 (syn. H.h. ‘Purpurea’; Purple-leaved ivy), ‘Sagittifolia’ of gardens see H.h. should not be divided when dormant. See
H 25ft (8m), has dark green leaves that turn ‘Königers Auslese’. ‘Scutifolia’ see H.h. also feature panel p.477.
594 HEDERA deep purple in winter. ‘Buttercup’, H 6ft ‘Glymii’. ‘Shamrock’ (Clover-leaf ivy), H. coccineum (Red ginger lily, Scarlet
(2m), has light green, 5-lobed leaves that H 3ft (1m), has small, 3-lobed, dark green ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
Ivy turn rich butter-yellow in full sun. leaves with wedge-shaped central lobes; perennial. H to 10ft (3m) S 3ft (1m). Has
‘Caenwoodiana’ see H.h. ‘Pedata’. lateral lobes are cut almost to the central long-stalked, narrowly lance-shaped,
ARALIACEAE ‘Congesta’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), is a non- veins. Use for topiary, a low wall, or a grayish-green leaves. Bears spikes of
climbing, erect cultivar with spirelike hanging basket. ‘Spetchley’ see H. short-lived, orange to red, pink or white
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, shoots and small leaves; suitable for a rock hibernica ‘Spetchley’. ‘Telecurl’, H 3ft flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip, in
trailing or self-clinging climbers with garden. ‘Conglomerata’, H 3ft (1m), will (1m), has elegantly twisted, light green summer. Very variable, with many named
adventitious rootlets, used for covering clamber over a low wall or grow in a rock leaves. ‘Triton’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), is a non- forms. Z8–10. ‘Tara’ see H. ‘Tara’.
walls and fences and as groundcover. garden; has small, curly, unlobed leaves. climbing cultivar that has leaves with H. coronarium (Garland flower,
Takes a year or so to become established, ‘Cristata’ see H.h. ‘Parsley Crested’. deeply incised lobes that resemble whips; White ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
but thereafter growth is rapid. On the ‘Curlylocks’ see H.h. ‘Manda’s Crested’. provides good groundcover. ‘Woeneri’ perennial. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m) or
ground and while climbing, mostly bears ‘Deltoidea’ see H. hibernica ‘Deltoidea’. see H. x soroksarensis ‘Woeneri’. more. Lance-shaped, mid-green leaves are
roughly triangular, usually lobed leaves. ‘Erecta’, H 3ft (1m), is a non-climbing, H. hibernica, syn. H. helix subsp. downy beneath. Produces dense spikes of
Given extra height and access to light, erect cultivar similar to H.h. ‘Congesta’. hibernica (Irish ivy). Vigorous, evergreen very fragrant, butterfly-like, white flowers
leaves become less lobed and, in fall, ‘Eva’, H 4ft (1.2m), has small, gray-green climber. H 30ft (10m). Has large, mid-green with basal, yellow blotches in midsummer.
umbels of small, yellowish-green flowers leaves with cream variegation; may suffer leaves. Good for covering a large area, Z7–11 (min. 41°F/5°C)
are produced, followed by round, black, leaf damage in winter. ‘Glacier’ illus. either on the ground or against a wall. H. densiflorum (illus. p.477). Clump-
occasionally yellow, fruits. Ivies with p.211. ‘Glymii’ (syn. H.h. ‘Scutifolia’), Z6–11. ‘Angularis Aurea’ (syn. H. helix forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 15ft
green leaves are very shade tolerant and H 6ft (2m), has glossy, dark green leaves ‘Angularis Aurea’), H 12ft (4m), has glossy, (5m), S 6ft (2m) or more. Broadly lance-
do well against a north-facing wall. that turn deep purple in winter; not light green leaves, with bright yellow shaped leaves are glossy, mid-green.
Those with variegated or yellow leaves suitable for groundcover. ‘Goldchild’ variegation; not suitable as groundcover. Bears a profusion of short-lived, fragrant,
prefer more light, are usually less hardy, ‘Deltoidea’ (syn. H. helix ‘Deltoidea’; orange or yellow flowers in dense spikes
and may sustain frost and wind damage during late summer. Z8–11
in severe winters. All prefer well-drained,

HELIANTHUS

H. flavescens. Upright, rhizomatous HELENIUM with short, reflexed ray florets and large, H. apenninum illus. p.336. H
perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 3ft (1m). Lance- central, rich brown discs. Z4–8 H. atrorubens ‘Monarch’. See
shaped, mid-green leaves are softly hairy. Helen’s flower H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’ (illus. p.248). Clump- H. ‘Monarch’.
Produces spikes of short-lived, very forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in H. ‘Ben Hope’. Evergreen, domed shrub.
fragrant, pale to lemon-yellow flowers, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears
each with a 2-lobed lip, in late fall. Good mid-green leaves. From midsummer to small, linear, gray-green leaves and
in a tub. Z9–11 Genus of late-summer- and fall-flowering fall, bears sprays of dark red flower heads saucer-shaped, carmine-red flowers in
H. gardnerianum (Kalili ginger) illus. annuals, biennials, and perennials, grown with gold-edged ray florets and central, midsummer. Z6–8
p.476. for their daisylike flower heads, each with brown discs. Z4–8 H. ‘Ben More’ illus. p.345.
H. gracile. Arching, rhizomatous a prominent, central disc. Needs a site in H. ‘Red Army’ (illus. p.248). Clump- H. ‘Ben Nevis’. Evergreen, hummock-
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). full sun and any well-drained soil. forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft forming, compact shrub. H and S 6–9in
In summer, thin stems bear short-lived, Propagate by division in spring or fall. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, (15–23cm). Has small, linear, dark green
sometimes fragrant, white flowers, each tAll parts may cause severe discomfort mid-green leaves. From midsummer to leaves and, in midsummer, bears saucer-
with a narrow, 2-lobed lip, narrow sepals if ingested; contact with foliage may midfall, produces sprays of reddish- shaped, orange flowers with bronze
and red stamens. Has lance-shaped, mid- aggravate skin allergies. See also feature orange flower heads, intensifying in color centers. Z6–8
green leaves. Requires staking. Good in panel p.248. as they age to dark red, with central, dark H. ‘Fire Dragon’, syn. H. ‘Mrs. Clay’,
a raised container or on a bank. Z8–10 H. ‘Biedermeier’. Clump-forming, erect, brown discs. Z4–8 illus. p.340.
H. maximum (illus. p.477). Upright, bushy perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in H. ‘Riverton Gem’. Erect, bushy H. ‘Golden Queen’. Evergreen, domed,
rhizomatous perennial. H 6–10ft (2–3m), (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Stems compact shrub. H 9in (23cm), S 12in
S 3ft (1m). Has large, thick-stems, bearing leaves. In late summer, erect stems bear are clothed in lance-shaped leaves. Bears (30cm). Saucer-shaped, golden-yellow
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short- sprays of yellow-tipped, red flower heads sprays of red-and-gold flower heads in late flowers are produced amid small, linear,
lived, fragrant, pale yellow flowers, with with a central, dark brown disc. The ray summer and early fall. Z4–8 dark green leaves in midsummer. Z6–8
golden centers and 2-lobed lip, are florets become reflexed with age. Z4–8 H. ‘Rubinzwerg’ (illus. p.248). Clump- H. guttatum. See Tuberaria guttata.
produced in fall. Z8–11 H. ‘Blopip’. See H. PiPsqueak (‘Blopip’). forming, erect, bushy perennial. H 30in H. ‘Henfield Brilliant’. Evergreen,
H. x moorei ‘Tara’. See H. ‘Tara’. H. ‘Bressingham Gold’. Erect, bushy (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped, spreading shrub. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
H. stenopetalum (illus. p.477). Upright, perennial with sturdy stems clothed in mid-green leaves. In midsummer, bears S 12in (30cm). Has gray-green leaves and
rhizomatous perennial. H 10–13ft (3–4m), lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. H 3ft sprays of rich red flower heads with brick-red flowers. Z4–9
S 3ft (1m) or more. Has very large, thick- (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Sprays of bright reflexed ray florets and central, dark H. ‘Jubilee’. Evergreen, domed, compact
stems bearing lance-shaped, deep green yellow flower heads are produced in late brown discs. Z4–8 shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
leaves that are hairy beneath. Short-lived, summer and fall. Z4–8 H. ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’. Clump- small, linear, dark green leaves. Bears
white flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip, are H. ‘Bruno’ (illus. p.248). Erect, bushy forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft saucer-shaped, double, pale yellow flowers
borne in a spike, to 18in (45cm) long, in perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Sturdy (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped, from spring to late summer. Z6–8
late summer and fall. Prone to wind stems bear lance-shaped leaves. Sprays of mid-green leaves. From midsummer until H. ‘Mrs. Clay’. See H. ‘Fire Dragon’.
damage. Z9–11 deep bronze-red flower heads are borne in the first frost, produces large, bright H. ‘Mrs. C.W. Earle’. Evergreen,
H. ‘Tara’, syn. H. coccineum ‘Tara’, late summer and early fall. Z4–8 reddish-orange flower heads with long ray spreading shrub. H to 6in (15cm), S 2ft
H. x moorei ‘Tara’, illus. p.220. H. ‘Butterpat’ (illus. p.248). Compact florets, aging to orange and warm yellow, (60cm). In spring and early summer,
H. thyrsiforme (illus. p.477). Upright, perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has and central, brown discs. Z4–8 produces double, deep red flowers amid
rhizomatous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), sturdy stems clothed in lance-shaped H. ‘The Bishop’. Clump-forming, erect, dark green leaves. Z4–9
S 20in (50cm). Broadly lance-shaped leaves leaves. Bears sprays of rich deep yellow bushy perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 18in H. ‘Raspberry Ripple’. Evergreen,
are dark green. Small, short-lived, white flower heads in late summer and fall. Z4–8 (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green spreading shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 12in
flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip and very H. ‘Coppelia’. Clump-forming, erect, leaves. From midsummer to fall, bears (30cm). Saucer-shaped, red-centered,
long stamens, are borne in fall–winter. bushy perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). sprays of yellow flower heads with white flowers are borne in midsummer.
Flower spike is wider than it is tall, which Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In reflexed ray florets and large, central, Has small, linear, gray-green leaves. Z6–8
distinguishes it from other species. Z8–11 mid- to late summer, bears sprays of deep brown discs. Z4–8 H. ‘Rhodanthe Carneum’, syn.
H. yunnanense (illus. p.477). Upright, reddish-orange flower heads, which fade H. ‘Waltraut’ (illus. p.248). Clump- H. ‘Wisley Pink’, illus. p.338.
rhizomatous perennial. H 20–32in (50– with age, with central, brown discs. Z4–8 forming, erect, bushy perennial. H 32–36in H. ‘The Bride’. Evergreen, spreading
80cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly lance- H. ‘Double Trouble’ (illus. p.248). (80–100cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance- shrub. H to 12in (30cm), S to 18in (45cm).
shaped, mid-green leaves. Short-lived, Clump-forming, erect, bushy perennial. shaped, mid-green leaves. From Has small, gray-green leaves. In spring
fragrant, cream and white flowers, each H to 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance- late summer, produces sprays of copper- and early summer, produces abundant,
with a 2-lobed lip, are produced in shaped, mid-green leaves. In mid- to late orange and yellow flower heads that single white flowers with bright yellow
summer. Z9–11 summer, produces sprays of double, bright intensify in color as they age; the central stamens. Z4–9
yellow flower heads with twin layers of ray disc is brown. Z4–8 H. umbellatum. See Halimium
HEDYOTIS florets, held horizontally. Z4–8 H. ‘Wyndley’. Bushy perennial with umbellatum.
H. ‘Dunkel Pracht’. Clump-forming, branching stems. H 32in (80cm), S 2ft H. ‘Wisley Pink’. See H. ‘Rhodanthe
Bluets erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 18in (60cm). Foliage is dark green. Bears Carneum’.
(45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green sprays of daisylike, orange-yellow flower H. ‘Wisley Primrose’ illus. p.344.
RUBIACEAE leaves. In late summer, bears sprays of heads for a long period in late summer
dark brown-red flower heads. Z4–8 and fall. Needs regular division in spring HELIANTHUS 595
Genus of mat-forming perennials, grown H. ‘Feuersiegel’ (illus. p.248). Clump- or fall. Z4–8
for their flowers, borne profusely in spring forming, erect, bushy perennial. H 5ft Sunflower
and summer. Thrives in a position in shade (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped, HELIANTHEMUM
and on moist, sandy leaf mold. Propagate mid-green leaves. In mid- to late summer, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
by division in spring or fall, or by seed produces sprays of rich yellow flower Rock rose, Sun rose
in spring. heads with horizontally held ray florets, Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
H. michauxii, syn. Houstonia serpyllifolia marked with an irregular, orange-red CISTACEAE annuals and perennials, grown for their
(Creeping bluets), illus. p.369. band, and central, soft brown discs. Z4–8 large, daisylike, usually yellow flower
H. ‘Indianersommer’ (illus. p.248). Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, heads. May be invasive. All need sun and
HEDYSARUM Clump-forming, erect, bushy perennial. spring- to fall-flowering shrubs, grown for well-drained soil; some prefer moist
H to 3ft (1m) or more, S 18in (45cm). Has their flowers. Useful for rock gardens and conditions. Needs staking. Propagate by
PAPILIONACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In mid- dry banks. Needs full sun and well-drained seed in spring, or division in fall or spring.
to late summer, bears sprays of dark soil. Cut back lightly after flowering. tContact with the foliage may aggravate
Genus of perennials and deciduous brownish-red flower heads, aging to Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late skin allergies.
subshrubs, grown for their pealike flowers. orange and yellow, and central, greenish- spring or early summer. H. annuus (Sunflower). Fast-growing,
Prefers a site in sun with well-drained soil. brown discs. Z4–8 H. ‘Amy Baring’. Evergreen, spreading erect annual. H 15ft (5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has
Roots resent disturbance. Propagate by H. ‘Moerheim Beauty’ illus. p.254. shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2ft (60cm). ovate, serrated, mid-green leaves.
seed in fall or spring. H. PiPsqueak (‘Blopip’). Clump-forming, Small, oblong, light gray leaves are Daisylike, brown- or purplish-centered,
H. coronarium (French honeysuckle) compact, bushy perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), hairy beneath. In summer, bears a yellow flower heads, 12in (30cm) or more
illus. p.235. S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green succession of saucer-shaped, orange- across, are produced in summer. Tall,
leaves. In mid- to late summer, has sprays centered, deep yellow flowers in loose, intermediate and dwarf cultivars are
Heeria. See Heterocentron. of shuttlecock-shaped, yellow flower heads terminal clusters. Z6–8 available. Z8–10. ‘Music Box’ (dwarf)
Heimerliodendron brunonianum. illus. p.322. ‘Russian Giant’ (tall), H 111⁄2ft

See Pisonia umbellifera.

HELIANTHUS

(3.5m), has yellow flower heads with winter wet. Propagate in spring by rooting hairless, mid-green leaves. Produces late summer or very early spring.
green-brown centers. ‘Teddy Bear’ single rosettes. Z7–10 numerous, long-stalked, single to double, Prone to aphid attack in early summer.
(dwarf) illus. p.322. H. petiolare, syn. H. petiolatum of yellow flower heads on branched stems tAll parts may cause severe discomfort
H. ‘Capenoch Star’, syn. H. x multiflorus gardens. Evergreen shrub. H 20in (50cm), from midsummer to early fall. Z4–9. if ingested, and the sap may cause skin
‘Capenoch Star’. Clump-forming S 6ft (2m). Forms mounds of silver-green ‘Ballerina’ see H.h. var. scabra irritation. See also feature panel p.281.
perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). shoots and ovate to heart-shaped, gray- ‘Spitzentänzerin’. subsp. scabra see H. argutifolius, syn. H. corsicus,
Produces single, lemon-yellow flowers felted leaves. In summer, bears daisylike, H. helianthoides var. scabra. var. scabra H. lividus subsp. corsicus (Corsican
with slightly darker yellow centers, from creamy-yellow flower heads. Often grown (syn. H. scabra, H.h. subsp. scabra) hellebore). Evergreen, clump-forming
late summer to midfall. Z5–9 as an annual for groundcover and edging. has very rough stems and leaves, and perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).
H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius Z11–15. ‘Aureum’ see H.p. ‘Limelight’. double, orange-yellow flower heads. Has divided, spiny, dark green leaves.
‘Italian White’. Erect perennial. H 5ft ‘Limelight’ (syn. H.p. ‘Aureum’) has lime- var. scabra ‘Goldgefieder’ bears double Cup-shaped, pale green flowers are borne
(1.5m), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). Purple-mottled yellow leaves. ‘Variegatum’ illus. p.165. flower heads with golden yellow ray- in large clusters in winter and spring.
stems bear coarsely hairy, sharply toothed, H. petiolatum of gardens. See florets and green disc-florets. Z6–9. ‘Silver Lace’ illus. p.262.
glossy, mid-green leaves. In summer, has H. petiolare. var. scabra ‘Light of Loddon’ H. atrorubens of gardens. See
large, black-centered, creamy-white to H. rosmarinifolium. See Ozothamnus (syn. H. ‘Light of Loddon’) has semidouble, H. orientalis subsp. abchasicus Early
pale primrose flower heads. Z5–10 rosmarinifolius. bright yellow flower heads with raised Purple Group.
H. ‘Lemon Queen’ illus. p.222. H. ‘Schwefellicht’, syn. H. ‘Sulphur centers, and dark green leaves. H. corsicus. See H. argutifolius.
H. ‘Monarch’, syn. H. atrorubens Light’, illus. p.275. var. scabra ‘Patula’ bears flattish, H. cyclophyllus illus. p.283.
‘Monarch’, H. ‘The Monarch’. Erect H. selago. See Ozothamnus selago. semidouble, orange-yellow flower heads. H. x ericsmithii ‘Bob’s Best’ illus.
perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has H. serotinum. See H. italicum subsp. var. scabra ‘Spitzentänzerin’ (syn. p.255. ‘Winter Moonbeam’ is a robust,
lance-shaped, coarse, mid-green leaves. serotinum. H. ‘Ballet Dancer’, H.h. ‘Ballerina’) freely variable perennial. H and S 15in (38cm).
Bears terminal, daisylike, semidouble, H. splendidum, syn. H. alveolatum, bears semidouble, golden yellow flower Has overwintering, leathery, silver-veined,
golden-yellow flower heads on branching H. trilineatum of gardens. Evergreen, heads with frilled petals. grayish-green leaves. Bears long-lasting,
stems in late summer. Replant each spring bushy, dense shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). H. ‘Light of Loddon’. See H. saucer-shaped, creamy-white flowers that
to keep in check. Z5–9 Woolly, white shoots are clothed in small, helianthoides var. scabra ‘Light of Loddon’. age to pink, then pinkish-red, and are
H. x multiflorus. Upright perennial. oblong, silvery-gray leaves. Small, oblong, H. scabra. See H. helianthoides var. scabra. borne in branching clusters, singly, or
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (90cm). Leaves are lance- bright yellow flower heads borne in in pairs, from midwinter to midspring.
shaped, coarse and mid-green. Has large, clusters from midsummer to fall or Heliosperma alpestre. See Silene Z5–9
yellow flower heads, with double centers sometimes into winter. Z9–11 alpestris. H. foetidus (Stinking hellebore) illus.
surrounded by larger, rayed segments, in H. ‘Sulphur Light’. See H. ‘Schwefellicht’. p.283. Wester Flisk Group, illus.
late summer and early fall. Z5–9. H. trilineatum of gardens. See HELIOTROPIUM p.283.
‘Capenoch Star’. See H. ‘Capenoch Star.’ H. splendidum. H. x hybridus (Lenten rose). Evergreen,
‘Loddon Gold’ illus. p.222. Heliotrope clump-forming perennial. H and S 18in
H. orgyalis. See H. salicifolius. HELICONIA (45cm). Nodding, cup-shaped, white, pink
H. salicifolius, syn. H. orgyalis (Willow- BORAGINACEAE or purple flowers, sometimes darker
leaved sunflower), illus. p.222. HELICONIACEAE/MUSACEAE spotted, rise above dense, divided foliage,
H. ‘The Monarch’. See H. ‘Monarch’. Genus of annuals, perennials, subshrubs in winter or early spring. Z6–9. Single- and
Genus of tufted perennials, evergreen in and shrubs, grown for their fragrant double-flowered cultivars are available in
H HELICHRYSUM warm climates, grown for their spikes of flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- various colors, including: double, plum;
colorful flowers and for the attractive drained soil. Water container plants freely double, slate; double, white; double, white
596 ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE foliage on younger plants. Needs partial when in full growth, moderately at other with spots; single, apricot; single, green;
shade and humus-rich, well-drained soil. times. In spring, tip prune young plants to single, red; single, white with spots; single,
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering Water generously in growing season, very promote a bushy habit and cut leggy, older yellow; single, yellow with spots (all illus.
annuals, perennials (sometimes evergreen), sparingly when plants die down in winter. plants back hard. Propagate by seed in p.281). Ashwood Garden hybrids (double,
and evergreen subshrubs and shrubs. Propagate by seed or division of rootstock spring, by greenwood cuttings in summer black, illus. p.281; double, pink, illus.
When dried, flower heads are “everlasting.” in spring. or by semiripe cuttings in early fall. p.281). Bradfield hybrids (double, apricot
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate H. metallica. Tufted perennial. H to 10ft H. arborescens, syn. H. peruvianum with spots, illus. p. 281). Harvington
shrubs and subshrubs by heel or semiripe (3m), S 3ft (1m). Oblong, long-stalked (Cherry pie, Heliotrope), illus. p.310. hybrids (double, apricot, illus. p. 281;
cuttings in summer; perennials by division leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are velvety-green ‘Chatsworth’ is a vigorous, evergreen, single, white, illus. p.281).
or seed in spring; annuals by seed in above with paler veins, sometimes purple short-lived shrub. H 4ft (1.2m) in open H. lividus. Evergreen, clump-forming
spring. below. In summer, mature plants bear ground, to 11⁄2ft (45cm) in containers. perennial. H 18in (45cm) S 12in (30cm).
H. alveolatum. See H. splendidum. erect stems with tubular, glossy, greenish- Has wrinkled, sometimes purple-tinted, Has 3-lobed, mid-green leaves, marbled
H. angustifolium. See H. italicum. white-tipped, red flowers enclosed in mid- to dark green leaves. Bears strongly pale green, purplish-green below, with
H. bellidioides. See Anaphalioides narrow, boat-shaped, green bracts. scented, bright deep purple flower heads obliquely ovate, slightly toothed or entire
bellidioides. Z12–14 (min. 59°F/15°C) in summer. ‘Marine’, H to 18in (45cm), leaflets. Produces large clusters of cup-
H. coralloides. See Ozothamnus H. psittacorum (Parrot’s flower, is compact, with deep violet-blue shaped, purple-suffused, yellow-green
coralloides. Parrot’s plantain) illus. p.478. flower heads. flowers in late winter. Z8–9. subsp.
H. italicum, syn. H. angustifolium (Curry ‘Princess Marina’, H to 12in (30cm), corsicus see H. argutifolius.
plant). Evergreen, bushy subshrub. H 2ft HELICTOTRICHON is compact, bearing deep violet-blue, H. niger (Christmas rose). Evergreen,
(60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has linear, aromatic, highly scented flower heads. Z10–12 clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),
silvery-gray leaves. Broad clusters of POACEAE/GRAMINEAE (min. 41°F/5°C) S 18in (45cm). Has divided, deep green
small, oblong, bright yellow flower heads H. peruvianum. See H. arborescens. leaves and bears cup-shaped, nodding,
are borne on long, upright, white shoots in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, white flowers, with golden stamens, in
summer. Z7–11. subsp. serotinum (syn. and SEDGES. Helipterum manglesii. See winter or early spring. Z4–8. ‘HGC Josef
H. serotinum; Curry plant), H 16in (40cm) H. sempervirens, syn. Avena candida, Rhodanthe manglesii. Lemper’ illus. p.281. ‘Potter's Wheel’
S 30in (75cm), is dome-shaped; stems and A. sempervirens (Blue oat grass), illus. p.288. illus. p.281.
ovate leaves are densely felted with white Helipterum roseum. See Rhodanthe H. x nigercors illus. p.281. ‘Emma’
hairs. Dislikes winter wet and cold climates. HELIOPSIS chlorocephala subsp. rosea. is a compact, evergreen, clump-forming
H. ledifolium. See Ozothamnus ledifolius. perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 20in (50cm).
H. marginatum of gardens. See Ox eye HELLEBORUS Has matte, green leaves. From midwinter
H. milfordiae. to early spring, freely bears branched
H. milfordiae, syn. H. marginatum of ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Hellebore clusters of saucer-shaped, white flowers
gardens. Evergreen, mat-forming, dense that age to grayish-pink. Z4–9
subshrub. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6–12in (15– Genus of perennials grown for their RANUNCULACEAE H. odorus illus. p.283.
30cm). Has basal rosettes of ovate, hairy, sunflower-like flowerheads borne in H. orientalis subsp. abchasicus
silver leaves. On sunny days in early summer. Requires sun and any well- Genus of perennials, some of which Early Purple Group, syn. H. atrorubens
summer, large, conical, red buds open into drained soil. Propagate by seed or division are evergreen, grown for their winter of gardens. Clump-forming perennial.
daisylike, white flower heads with red- in fall or spring. and spring flowers. Most deciduous H and S 18in (45cm). Has palmate, deeply
backed petals; they close in dull or wet H. ‘Ballet Dancer’. See H. helianthoides species retain their old leaves over winter. divided, toothed, glossy, dark green
weather. Prefers very gritty soil. Dislikes var. scabra ‘Spitzentänzerin’. These should be cut off in early spring
H. helianthoides. Clump-forming as flower buds develop. Excellent in
perennial. H 3–6ft (1–1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). woodland gardenss. Prefers semishade
Has lance-shaped, toothed, almost and moisture-retentive, well-drained soil.
Propagate by fresh seed or division in

HEMEROCALLIS

leaves. Shallowly cup-shaped, deep purple bear large, star-shaped, bright red flowers, H. ‘Chicago Sunrise’ (illus. p.245). H. fulva (illus. p.245). Vigorous, H
flowers are borne in late winter. Z4–8 with yellow throats, from early to mid- Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
H. purpurascens illus. p.260. summer. Z3–10 (70cm), S 34in (85cm). Very rounded, H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Trumpet-shaped, 597
H. x sternii illus. p.262. ‘Boughton H. ‘Always Afternoon’ (illus. p.244). slightly ruffled, rich yellow flowers, with tawny-orange flowers are borne from mid-
Beauty’ illus. p.283. Robust, semievergreen, clump-forming faint bronze bands and darker throats, are to late summer above a mound of strap-
H. thibetanus, illus. p.256. perennial. H 22in (55cm), S to 30in (75cm). borne in summer. Z3–10 shaped, light green leaves. Z3–10. ‘Flore
H. viridis (Green hellebore). Deciduous, In summer and again in fall, produces H. ‘Children’s Festival’. Deciduous, Pleno’ (illus. p.245), H 30in (75cm), has
clump-forming perennial. H 8–16in (20– rounded, slightly ruffled, lavender-mauve clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), double flowers with dark red eyes.
40cm) S 18in (45cm). Has divided, dark flowers, each with a dark purple band S 20in (50cm). Thick-petals form funnel- H. ‘Gentle Shepherd’. Semievergreen,
green leaves. Cup-shaped, green flowers above the yellow-green throat. Z3–10 shaped flowers, with rosy tints and apricot clump-forming perennial with wispy
are borne in late winter–early spring. Z6–9 H. ‘Arctic Snow’. Deciduous, clump- throats, midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 leaves. H 26in (65cm), S 4ft (1.2m). In early
forming perennial. H 23in (60cm), S 2ft H. ‘Christmas Is’. Vigorous, deciduous, and mid-summer, bears rounded, ruffled,
HELONIAS (60cm). Produces huge, funnel-shaped, clump-forming perennial. H and S 2ft white flowers, with green throats. Z3–10
ivory-white flowers, with green throats (60cm). Funnel-shaped, crimson-red H. ‘Golden Chimes’ (illus. p.245). Clump-
MELIANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE and black anthers, from midsummer to flowers, with green throats, open from forming, evergreen perennial of graceful
early fall. Z3–10 midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 habit. H 3ft (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears
Genus of one species of spring-flowering, H. ‘Berlin Red’. Vigorous, deciduous or H. ‘Chorus Line’. Extended-blooming, small, delicate, star-shaped, golden-yellow
evergreen perennial. Excellent for a bog semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. flowers, with a brown reverse, lasting only
garden. Requires an open, sunny position H 28–36in (70–90cm), S 2ft (60cm). In H and S 20in (50cm). Produces remontant, a day, from early to midsummer. Z3–10
and moist to wet soil. Propagate by midsummer, bears open, rounded, rich triangular, fragrant, bright pink flowers, H. ‘Golden Prize’. Vigorous, deciduous,
division in spring or by seed in fall. velvety-red flowers with a blackish-red with pink- and yellow-marked petals and clump-forming perennial. H 26in (65cm),
H. bullata (Swamp pink). Rosetted, clump- bloom at the margins and yellow midribs dark green throats, from early to S 24–36in (60–90cm). Produces large,
forming perennial. H 14–18in (35–45cm), and throats. Z3–10 midsummer. Z3–10 rounded, star-shaped, golden-yellow
S 12in (30cm). Has rosettes of strap-shaped, H. ‘Black Magic’ (illus. p.245). Deciduous, H. citrina (illus. p.245). Vigorous, coarse- flowers in mid- and late summer. Z3–10
fresh green leaves, and bears dense clump-forming perennial. H and S 3ft growing, clump-forming perennial. H 4ft H. ‘Grape Velvet’. Evergreen, clump-
racemes of small, fragrant, star-shaped, (90cm). Has star-shaped, pale-edged, dark (1.2m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). Many large, very forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 30in
pinkish-purple flowers in spring. Z5–9 reddish-black flowers, with green throats, fragrant, trumpet-shaped, rich lemon- (75cm). Bears triangular, deep purple
from midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 yellow flowers open at night in flowers with recurved petals, lighter
HELONIOPSIS H. ‘Bonanza’ (illus. p.245). Vigorous, midsummer; each lasts one day. Z3–10 midribs and yellow-green throats, in
deciduous or semievergreen, clump- H. ‘Corky’. Clump-forming, evergreen summer. Z3–10
MELANTHIACEAE/LILIACEAE forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 28in perennial. H 28in (70cm) S 16in (40cm). H. ‘Green Flutter’ (illus. p.245).
(70cm). Bears open, starlike, bright yellow Bears abundant, star-shaped, lemon- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
Genus of spring-flowering, evergreen, flowers, with strongly red-marked centers, yellow flowers with reddish-brown sepals, H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m). Produces
rosette-forming perennials. Grow in in midsummer. Z3–10 in late spring and early summer. Z3–10 abundant, star-shaped, ruffled, canary-
semishade and in moist soil. Propagate by H. ‘Brocaded Gown’. Semievergreen, H. ‘Cream Drop’ (illus. p.245). Robust, yellow flowers, with bright green throats,
division after flowering in spring or by clump-forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), deciduous or semievergreen, clump- in late summer and early fall. Z3–10
seed in fall or spring. S 30in (75cm). In summer, bears rounded, forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in H. ‘Happy Returns’. Evergreen, clump-
H. orientalis illus. p.256. creamy-yellow flowers, with green throats (45cm). In midsummer, bears numerous, forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 2ft
and recurved, crêpe-textured petals. Z3–10 scented, well-formed, creamy-yellow (60cm). Bears small, fragrant, rounded,
HELWINGIA H. ‘Burning Daylight’ (illus. p.245). flowers, with ruffled margins. Z3–10 light yellow flowers in summer. Z3–10
Robust, deciduous, clump-forming H. ‘Crimson Pirate’. Vigorous, H. ‘Helle Berlinerin’. Evergreen, clump-
HELWINGIACEAE perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 30in forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 32in
Bears triangular, intense orange-yellow (75cm), S 20in (50cm). In mid- and late (80cm). Bears rounded flowers, with a
Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, flowers, with paler midribs and red marks summer, has open, star-shaped, crimson- faint apricot blush and yellow throats,
bearing flowers and showy fruits directly around the throat bases, over a long red blooms, with paler midribs. Z3–10 on strong stems in midsummer. Z3–10
on leaf surfaces, grown mainly for period in summer. Z3–10 H. ‘Custard Candy’. Vigorous, H. ‘Hyperion’. Clump-forming,
botanical interest. Requires separate male H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’ (illus. deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 2ft evergreen perennial. H 3ft (90cm) S 21⁄2ft
and female plants in order to produce p.244). Vigorous, semievergreen, clump- (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In early and mid- (75cm). In midsummer, bears fragrant,
fruits. Needs sun or semishade and moist forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 2ft summer, produces an abundance of triangular to star-shaped, pale lemon-
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in (60cm). Produces abundant, funnel- rounded, creamy-yellow flowers, each yellow flowers. Z3–10
mid- to late summer. shaped, cream flowers with purple throats with a feathered, red-brown band around H. ‘Joan Senior’ (illus. p.244). Vigorous,
H. chinensis. Upright to spreading from midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 the greenish-yellow eye. Z3–10 semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Purplish- H. ‘Cartwheels’ (illus. p.245). Deciduous, H. dumortieri (illus. p.245). Compact, H 2ft (60cm), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). Open trumpet-
green young branches mature to grayish- clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), shaped, white, pink-flushed flowers, with
brown. Has narrowly lance-shaped, S 2ft (60cm). In midsummer bears star- S 18in (45cm). Mid-green leaves are strap- yellow-green throats, are produced on
leathery, toothed, dark green leaves. Bears shaped, deep yellow to orange flowers, shaped, stiff, and coarse. In early summer, well-branched stems from mid- to late
umbels of tiny flowers near the midrib on with lighter midribs and ruffled margins. produces fragrant, trumpet-shaped, brown- summer. Z3–10
leaf uppersides in early summer, followed Z3–10 backed, golden-yellow flowers. Z3–10 H. ‘Jolyene Nichole’. Semievergreen,
by black fruits. Z4–9 H. ‘Cathy’s Sunset’ (illus. p.245). H. ‘Ed Murray’. Vigorous, free- clump-forming perennial. H and S 14in
Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 2ft flowering, deciduous or semievergreen, (35cm). Bears rounded, strongly ruffled,
Helxine soleirolii. See Soleirolia (60cm), S 20in (50cm). From midsummer to clump-forming perennial. H 26–28in (65– rose-pink flowers with deeper pink veins,
soleirolii. early fall, bears small, funnel-shaped 70cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears rounded, amid lush, blue-green leaves. Z3–10
flowers each with 3 yellow-striped, brick- ruffled, deep maroon-red flowers, with H. ‘Lady Fingers’. Semievergreen,
HEMEROCALLIS red, inner petals and 3 yellow, outer petals. yellowish-green throats, in early and mid- clump-forming perennial with narrow
Z3–10 summer. Z3–10 leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 30in (75cm). In
Daylily H. ‘Cherry Cheeks’ (illus. p.244). H. ‘Eenie Weenie’. Clump-forming, midsummer, bears spider-shaped, pale
Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen, dwarf, deciduous perennial. H and S 1ft yellow-green flowers with green throats
HEMEROCALLIDACEAE/LILIACEAE clump-forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), (30cm). Bears abundant, funnel-shaped, and spoon-shaped petals. Z3–10
S 20in (50cm). Produces bright cherry-red clear yellow flowers with green throats, H. ‘Lark Song’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Genus of perennials, some of which are flowers, with white midribs, over a long in early summer. Z3–10 clump-forming perennial. H 32–36in (80–
semievergreen or evergreen. Flowers, period in summer. Z3–10 H. flava. See H. lilioasphodelus. 90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears fragrant, bowl-
borne in succession, each last for only a H. ‘Chicago Apache’. Very vigorous, H. ‘Frans Hals’ (illus. p.245). Strong- shaped, pale yellow blooms, on blackish
day. Does best in full sun and fertile, moist semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. growing, free-flowering, deciduous, stems, in mid- and late summer. Z3–10
soil. Propagate by division in fall or spring. H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m). Funnel-shaped, clump-forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), H. ‘Lemon Bells’ (illus. p.245).
Cultivars raised from seed will not come ruffled, rich scarlet flowers with white S 15–18in (38–45cm). In mid- and late Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
true to type; species may come true if midribs, lemon-green throats and black summer, bears open, starlike flowers, H 34in (85cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears sprays
grown in isolation from other daylilies. anthers, are borne above prolific leaves with yellow outer petals and three of small, deep lemon-yellow flowers, with
Slug and snail control is essential in early in summer. Very adaptable. Z3–10 cinnamon-red inner petals with yellow green-tinted throats, in midsummer. Z3–10
spring when young leaves emerge. See midribs. Z3–10
also feature panel pp.244–245.
H. ‘All American Chief’. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 32in (80cm),
S 30in (75cm). Well-branched flower stems,

HEMEROCALLIS

H H. lilioasphodelus, syn. H. flava (illus. H 26in (65cm), S 32in (80cm). From early fragrant, salmon-pink flowers with reflexed leaves are properly formed. Needs partial
p.245). Rhizomatous, extended-blooming, to midsummer, bears circular, alabaster- petal tips and a deep pink zone around the shade and deep, humus-rich, moist soil.
598 semievergreen perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). white flowers, with ruffled, overlapping golden throat, appear in midsummer. Z3–10 Sturdy, much-branched rootstock resents
Strap-shaped leaves are mid-green. petals, notched, purple-black eyes, olive- H. ‘Strawberry Candy’. Robust, disturbance. Propagate by seed when
Slender scapes bear star-shaped, fragrant, green throats, ivory-lime-green filaments, semievergreen or deciduous, clump- fresh or by division or removing side
clear lemon-yellow flowers, in late spring and conspicuous black anthers. Z3–10 forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 18–24in shoots in spring.
and early summer. Z3–10 H. ‘Neyron Rose’ (illus. p.244). Vigorous, (45–60cm). In early and mid-summer, bears H. angulosa. See H. transsilvanica.
H. ‘Lime Frost’. Well-branched, deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft circular, strawberry-pink flowers with red H. x media ‘Ballardii’. Slow-growing,
deciduous perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 30in (1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In early and picotee margins and ruby-red marks dome-shaped perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in
(75cm). In late summer, bears circular to mid-summer, has pink-suffused, orange- around yellowish throats. Z3–10 (20cm). Has rounded, 3-lobed, stalked, soft
triangular, lightly ruffled flowers that are brown flowers, with white midribs. Z3–10 H. ‘Strutter’s Ball’. Deciduous, clump- green leaves and, in early spring, shallowly
translucent, frosted, and greenish-white, H. ‘Night Beacon’ (illus. p.244). forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 2ft cup-shaped, many-petaled, intense blue
with wide, lime-green throats. Z3–10 Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. (60cm). Bears triangular, rich deep, blue- flowers. Fully double, colored forms are
H. ‘Little Grapette’ (illus. p.245). Free- H 28in (70cm), S 30in (75cm). In early and purple flowers, each with a silvery zone also known. Propagate by division only.
flowering, vigorous, semievergreen, mid-summer, produces rounded, very dark above small, lemon-yellow throat, from Z3–8
compact, clump-forming perennial. H 12in burgundy-black flowers, with black-purple midsummer to early fall. Z3–10 H. nobilis, syn. Anemone hepatica,
(30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears star-shaped, bands, lemon-green throats and pearl- H. ‘Summer Wine’ (illus. p.244). Strong- H. triloba. Slow-growing, semievergreen,
deep purple flowers, with rounded, ruffle- white midribs. Z3–10 growing, deciduous, clump-forming dome-shaped perennial. H 4in (10cm),
margined petals, darker purple eyes and H. ‘Pardon Me’ (illus. p.244). Deciduous, perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). In S 6in (15cm). Bears rounded, 3-lobed,
green throats, in summer. Z3–10 clump-forming perennial. H and S 18in early and mid-summer, bears open, soft fleshy, mid-green leaves. Shallowly cup-
H. ‘Little Wine Cup’ (illus. p.245). (45cm). Small, fragrant, rounded, bright purple flowers, with yellowish-green throats shaped, many-petaled flowers—white
Vigorous, deciduous, clump-forming burgundy-red flowers, with greenish- and very pale purple to white midribs. through pink to carmine, pale to deep blue
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). yellow throats, are borne from midsummer Broad inner petals are slightly ruffled. or purple—are produced in early spring.
In early and mid-summer, bears abundant, to early fall. Z3–10 Z3–10 Fully double, colored forms are also
lightly ruffled, wine-red flowers, with paler H. ‘Pink Damask’ (illus. p.244). Vigorous, H. ‘Whichford’ (illus. p.245). Deciduous, known. Excellent in a woodland or rock
midribs and yellow-green throats. Z3–10 deciduous, free-flowering, clump-forming clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), garden. Z5–8. var. japonica illus. p.355.
H. ‘Luxury Lace’ (illus. p.244). Vigorous, perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). Produces a S 20in (50cm). Fragrant, slightly star- H. transsilvanica, syn. H. angulosa.
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. profusion of star-shaped, rich salmon-pink shaped, green-budded, clear lemon-yellow Semievergreen, spreading perennial. H 6in
H 28–30in (70–75cm), S 24–36in (60–90cm). flowers in summer. Z3–10 flowers, with green throats, are borne on (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Shallowly cup-
In midsummer, bears remontant, fragrant, H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’ (illus. p.244). sturdy stems from midsummer. Z3–10 shaped, many-petaled flowers, varying
star-shaped, pale lavender-pink flowers, Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘White Temptation’. Semievergreen, from blue to white or pink, are produced
with ruffle-margined petals and dark H 32in (80cm), S 3ft (90cm). In midsummer, clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), in early spring amid rounded, 3-lobed,
green throats. Z3–10 bears lavender flowers, banded blue- S 26in (65cm). Triangular, white flowers, hairy, green leaves. Fully double, colored
H. ‘Mahogany Magic’. Branching, purple, with green throats. Z3–10 with slightly crinkled edges and green forms are also known. Z5–8
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Real Wind’. Vigorous, free-flowering, throats, are produced from midsummer H. triloba. See H. nobilis.
H 22in (55cm), S 26in (65cm). Has circular, evergreen, clump-forming perennial with to early fall. Z3–10
ruffled, rich mahogany-red flowers, in dense foliage. H 26in (65cm), S 3ft (1m). Heptapleurum. See Schefflera.
midsummer, with deeper mahogany eyes, From mid- to late summer, sturdy scapes HEMIGRAPHIS
gold-green throats, and lighter orange bear triangular, pale salmon-pink flowers, HERBERTIA
edging in hot weather. Z3–10 with recurved petals and large, rose-pink ACANTHACEAE
H. ‘Mallard’. Deciduous, clump-forming eyes. Z3–10 IRIDACEAE
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Produces H. ‘Red Precious’ illus. p.235. Genus of annuals, perennials, and
funnel-shaped, rich red flowers, with small H. ‘Rose Emily’. Semievergreen, clump- subshrubs, usually grown for their Genus of spring-flowering perennial
golden throats and a slender, central, pale forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). In colorful, toothed or scalloped leaves. bulbs, grown mainly for their irislike
stripe on each petal, from midsummer to midsummer, bears rounded, rose-pink Grows well in bright but not direct flowers. Requires full sun and well-drained
early fall. Z3–10 flowers with ruffled margined petals and sunlight and in moist but well-drained soil. soil. Reduce watering when bulb dies
H. ‘Marion Vaughn’. Clump-forming, pale green throats. Z3–10 Water frequently during growing season, down after flowering. Propagate by seed
evergreen perennial. H 34in (85cm), S 30in H. ‘Ruffled Apricot’. Slow-growing, less in winter. Regularly cut back straggly in fall.
(75cm). In late summer, bears very clump-forming perennial. Large, triangular, stems to tidy. Propagate by stem cuttings H. pulchella. Spring-flowering bulb.
fragrant, star-shaped, green-throated, deep apricot flowers, with lavender-pink in summer or fall. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2in (5cm). Erect,
clear lemon-yellow flowers; each petal has midribs, and ruffled margins are borne in H. repanda illus. p.473. basal leaves are narrowly lance-shaped
a raised, near-white midrib. Z3–10 midsummer. Z3–10 and pleated. Produces a succession of
H. ‘Mauna Loa’ (illus. p.245). Vigorous, H. ‘Siloam Baby Talk’ (illus. p.244). HEMIORCHIS upward-facing, violet-blue flowers, 2–21⁄2in
free-flowering, evergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, free-flowering, deciduous, (5–6cm) across, usually with dark-spotted
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). Bears clump-forming perennial. H 14–16in (35– ZINGIBERACEAE centers. Z10–11
rounded, bright tangerine-orange flowers, 40cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears rounded,
with chartreuse throats and black anthers, ruffled-margined, creamy-pink flowers, Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous HERMANNIA
in mid- to late summer. Z3–10 with pale purple bands above bright green perennials, grown for their orchidlike
H. ‘Michele Coe’. Vigorous, evergreen or throats, in midsummer. Z3–10 flowers, which emerge above ground STERCULIACEAE
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Siloam Ethel Smith’. Evergreen, before the leaves. Grow in humus-rich,
H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). In midsummer, clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), moist but well-drained soil in shade. More Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
bears rounded, pale apricot flowers with S 18in (45cm). In midsummer, bears tolerant of winter wet than most gingers, and shrubs, grown mainly for their bell-
light lavender-pink midribs. Z3–10 abundant, rounded, creamy-beige flowers, so water occasionally during dormancy. shaped flowers. Prefers full light and
H. minor (Grass-leaved daylily). Compact, with triangular, red, yellow and olive- Propagate by division of the rhizome in fertile, well-drained soil. Water
clump-forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), green eyes. Z3–10 early spring. containerized plants freely when in full
S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly strap-shaped, H. ‘Siloam Virginia Henson’. Clump- H. pantlingii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous growth, moderately at other times. Tip
mid-green leaves that die back in early fall. forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Has broadly prune young plants to produce well-
In early summer, bears fragrant, trumpet- (65cm). In early summer, bears rounded, lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green leaves, branched specimens. Propagate by
shaped, lemon-yellow flowers, with tawny- ruffled, creamy-pink flowers banded with to 6in (15cm) long. Stem, 4–6in (10–15cm) softwood or greenwood cuttings in late
backed, outer petals. Z3–10 rose-pink and with green throats. Z3–10 long, bears up to 20 flowers in succession spring or summer.
H. ‘Missenden’ (illus. p.245). Vigorous, H. ‘Stafford’ (illus. p.245). Vigorous, in spring, each with 3 pale brown outer H. stricta. Low subshrub. H and S 12in
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. lobes surrounding a deep red-veined, (30cm). Has ovate to oblong, mid-green
H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m). Bears abundant, golden-yellow inner lobe. Z3–10 leaves, with scalloped to lobed margins.
midsummer, bears large, funnel-shaped, star-shaped, scarlet flowers with yellow From spring to summer, bears pendent,
rich velvety-red flowers with a velvety, midribs and throats in midsummer. Z3–10 HEPATICA pink, bell-shaped flowers, in short sprays
black sheen and yellow midribs. Z3–10 H. ‘Stoke Poges’ (illus. p.244). at the stem tips. Z10–12 (min. 45°F/7°C)
H. ‘Moonlit Masquerade’. Well- Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. RANUNCULACEAE
branched, semievergreen perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). Triangular, Hermodactylus tuberosus. See Iris
Genus of very variable perennials, some tuberosa
of which are semievergreen. Flowers are
produced in early spring before new

HEUCHERA

HERTIA very pale lilac, flowers from late spring to H. americana ‘Harry Hay’. Vigorous, H. ‘Firebird’. Evergreen, compact H
midsummer. Very attractive to insects. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). In
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE Z4–9. var. albiflora illus. p.230. H 20–36in (50–100cm), S 32in (80cm) or early summer, bears long, feathery sprays 599
more. Has large, rounded, lobed, purplish- of small, pendent, bell-shaped, crimson-
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for HESPEROYUCCA brown leaves. In summer, bears spires of scarlet flowers. Leaves are rounded, lobed,
their daisylike flower heads in summer. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z4–8 toothed and dark green. Z4–8
Needs sun and well-drained soil. ASPARAGACEAE/AGAVACEAE H. ‘Beauty Colour’ (illus. p.282). H. ‘Georgia Peach’ (illus. p.282).
Propagate by softwood cuttings in early Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
summer. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm). H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Large,
H. cheirifolia, syn. Othonna cheirifolia, stemless, sometimes rhizomatous, Rounded, lobed, burgundy-veined leaves rounded, lobed, silvery pinkish-peach
Othonnopsis cheirifolia, illus. p.344. evergreen perennials, grown for their are marbled silver and edged green. Leaf leaves are most vibrant when young. In
architectural sword-shaped, clustered color intensifies in cold periods. Bears summer, produces loose sprays of small,
HESPERALOE leaves and panicles of strongly fragrant, loose, arching sprays of small, pendent, pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8
white flowers. Requires full sun and well- bell-shaped, ivory flowers in summer. Z3–8 H. ‘Ginger Ale’ (illus. p.282). Evergreen,
ASPARAGACEAE drained soil. Water container specimens H. ‘Blackbird’ (illus. p.282). Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm),
moderately in full growth, sparingly in clump-forming perennial. H 10–12in (25– S 10in (25cm). Has rounded, lobed, silvery-
Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial winter. Propagate by seed sown under 30cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has rounded, white-marbled, pale orange leaves. In
succulents with very narrow, strap- glass at 55–64ºF (13–18ºC) in spring; seed- lobed, rather ruffled, maroon-brown leaves. summer, produces loose sprays of small,
shaped, grooved, dark green leaves, that raised plants may take 15–20 years or In summer, bears sprays of small, pendent, pendent, bell-shaped, creamy-pink
often have peeling, white fibers at their more to flower. bell-shaped, rose-pink flowers. Z3–8 flowers. Z3–8
margins. Closely related to Agave and H. whipplei, syn. Yucca whipplei H. ‘Can-can’ (illus. p.282). Vigorous, H. ‘Green Spice’ (illus. p.282). Evergreen,
Yucca. Grows well in a sunny situation and (Our Lord’s candle), illus. p.151. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),
in very well-drained soil. Propagate by H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Rounded, S 16in (40cm). Rounded, lobed, silvery-
seed or division in spring or summer, or HETEROCENTRON lobed, ruffled, dark-veined, silver-gray green leaves have dark purple veins and
from offsets, which are freely produced leaves are rich wine-red beneath; leaves dark gray edges. In summer, produces
at the base. syn. HEERIA turn pinkish with cooler conditions. In loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-
H. parviflora, syn. Yucca parviflora, summer, bears loose sprays of pendent, shaped, greenish-white flowers. Z3–8
illus. p.484. MELASTOMATACEAE small, bell-shaped, pale pink flowers. Z3–8 H. Key lIme PIe (‘Tnheu042’).
H. ‘Chocolate Ruffles’ (illus. p.282). Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
HESPERANTHA Genus of deciduous, summer- and fall- Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Has rounded, lobed,
flowering perennials and low-growing, H 28–30in (70–75cm), S 18in (45cm). lime-green leaves. In summer, produces
syn. SCHIZOSTYLIS evergreen shrubs or subshrubs. Needs Rounded, lobed, ruffled, chocolate-brown loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by leaves have burgundy undersides. In shaped, pinkish-white flowers. Z4–8
IRIDACEAE softwood or stem-tip cuttings in spring summer, produces loose sprays of small, H. ‘Lime Rickey’ (illus. p.282). Strong-
or early summer. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8 growing, evergreen, clump-forming
Genus of spring-flowering corms with H. elegans, syn. Schizocentron elegans H. ‘Cinnabar Silver’ (illus. p.282). perennial. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 20in
spikes of small, funnel- or cup-shaped (Spanish shawl), illus. p.472. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, lime-
flowers, which now includes the H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Forms a green leaves are brightest in spring. In
rhizomatous plant formerly known as HETEROMELES mound of beautiful rounded, lobed, summer, produces loose sprays of small,
Schizostylis coccinea. Needs full sun and purple-flushed silver leaves; the purple pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers.
well-drained soil. Plant in fall, water ROSACEAE color intensifies in cool conditions. In Z3–8
sparingly in winter, and dry off corms summer, produces loose sprays of small, H. micrantha var. diversifolia ‘Palace
after flowering. Propagate by seed in fall Genus of one species of evergreen tree or red, pendent, bell-shaped flowers. Z3–8 Purple’. See H. villosa ‘Palace Purple’.
or spring. large shrub, grown mainly for its showy H. ‘Citronelle’. Evergreen, clump- H. ‘Midnight Rose’ (illus. p.282).
H. buhrii. See H. cucullata. clusters of hollylike fruits. Requires fertile, forming perennial. H 10–12in (25–30cm), Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 2ft
H. coccinea ‘Major’ (syn. Schizostylis well-drained soil in full sun, with S 14in (35cm). Has rounded, lobed, lime- (60cm), S 16in (40cm). Rounded, lobed,
coccinea ‘Grandiflora’) illus. p.279. ‘Mrs. protection from cold, drying winds in green leaves. In summer, produces loose dark purple leaves have pink speckles that
Hegarty’ is a vigorous, clump-forming, winter. Propagate by seed in fall or sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, get larger as the season progresses and
rhizomatous perennial. H 2ft (60cm), semiripe cuttings in summer. creamy-white flowers. Z4–8 may fade to cream. In summer, produces
S 9–12in (23–30cm). In midfall, bears spikes H. arbutifolia. See H. salicifolia. H. ‘Coral Cloud’. Evergreen, clump- loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-
of shallowly cup-shaped, pale pink flowers H. salicifolia, syn. H. arbutifolia, Photinia forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), shaped, cream flowers. Z3–8
above tufts of grasslike, mid-green leaves. arbutifolia (Christmas berry, Toyon). S 12–18in (30–45cm). In early summer, H. ‘Molly Bush’. Evergreen, vigorous,
‘Sunrise’ illus. p.278. ‘Viscountess Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub or tree. bears long, feathery sprays of small, clump-forming perennial. H 30in (70cm),
Byng’ has pink flowers that last until late H 25ft (8m), S 10ft (3m). Has oblong, sharply pendent, bell-shaped, coral-red flowers. S 34in (85cm). Has sharply lobed, glossy,
fall. Z7–9 toothed, leathery, glossy, dark green leaves. Leaves are rounded, lobed, toothed, very dark bronze-purple leaves, lighter
H. cucullata, syn. H. buhrii. Spring- Broad, flat heads of small, 5-petaled, white glistening and dark green. Z4–8 purple beneath. Throughout summer,
flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm), S 2in flowers, borne in late summer, are followed H. Crème Brûlée (‘Tnheu041’) (illus. bears small, bell-shaped, greenish-white
(5cm). Has linear, erect leaves on lower by large clusters of rounded, red fruits. p.282). Evergreen, clump-forming flowers. Tolerates sun. Z4–9
part of branched stems, each of which Z9–11 perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 20in (50cm). H. ‘Obsidian’. Evergreen, clump-forming
produces a spike of up to 7 cup-shaped, Rounded, lobed, caramel, bronze and gold perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 16in (40cm). Has
white flowers, flushed pink or purple HEUCHERA leaves fade as they age. In summer, bears rounded, lobed, smooth, glossy, dark
outside, that open only at evening. Z10–11 loose sprays of small, pendent, bell- purple-black leaves. In summer, bears
Coral flower shaped, pink flowers. Z3–8 loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-
HESPERIS H. cylindrica ‘Greenfinch’. Evergreen, shaped, ivory flowers on red stems. Z4–8
SAXIFRAGACEAE clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (90cm), H. ‘Palace Purple’. See H. villosa
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE S 2ft (60cm). Has deeply lobed, heart- ‘Palace Purple’.
Genus of evergreen and semievergreen, shaped, dark green leaves and, in summer, H. ‘Peach Flambé’ (illus. p.282).
Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering summer-flowering perennials forming spikes of small, bell-shaped, pale green or Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
biennials and perennials, grown for their large clumps of leaves, that are often tinted greenish-white flowers. Z4–8 H 16in (40cm), S 14in (35cm). Large,
clusters of fragrant, cross-shaped flowers. bronze or purple. Provides good ground- H. ‘E and I’. See H. Ebony and Ivory (‘E rounded, lobed, smooth, rich peach leaves
Requires a sunny site and well-drained cover. Prefers semishaded position and and I’). develop purplish hues in winter. In
soil. H. matronalis tolerates poor soil. moisture-retentive but well-drained soil. H. eBony and Ivory (‘E and I’) (illus. summer, bears loose sprays of small,
Tends to become woody at the base, so Propagate species by seed in spring or by p.282). Evergreen, clump-forming, compact pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8
raise new stock from seed every few years. division in fall or spring, and cultivars by perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 18–24in (45– H. ‘Peppermint Spice’ (illus. p.282).
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring or division only, using young, outer portions 60cm). Has rounded, lobed, rather ruffled, Evergreen, clump-forming, compact
by seed in fall or spring. of crown. See also feature panel p.282. ebony-black leaves. In summer, bears perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12–16in (30–
H. ‘Amber Waves’ (illus. p.282). many loose sprays of small, pendent, bell- 40cm). Has rounded, lobed, purple-veined,
H. matronalis (Dame’s violet, Sweet Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. shaped, ivory-white flowers. Z3–8 silver-green leaves. In summer produces
rocket). Rosette-forming biennial or H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm).
short-lived perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), Rounded, lobed, lightly ruffled orange-
S 18in (45cm). Leafy stems bear ovate to yellow leaves are pale burgundy beneath.
oblong, toothed, hairy, dark green leaves. In summer, bears loose sprays of small,
Bears lilac or purple, sometimes white or pendent, bell-shaped, light-rose flowers.
Z3–8

HEUCHERA

H loose sprays of small, pendent, bell- H. villosa ‘Palace Purple’, syn. HIBISCUS HIERACIUM
shaped, soft pink flowers. Z3–8 H. micrantha var. diversifolia ‘Palace
600 H. ‘Pewter Moon’ (illus. p.282). Purple’, H. ‘Palace Purple’. Clump-forming MALVACEAE Hawkweed
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. perennial. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Has
H 16in (40cm), S 12–20in (30–50cm). persistent, heart-shaped, deep purple Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
Rounded, lobed, veined, silvery-green leaves and sprays of small, white flowers in trees, perennials and annuals, grown for
leaves have deep maroon undersides. In summer. Cut leaves last well in water. Z4–9 their flowers. requires full sun and humus- Genus of perennials; most are weeds,
summer, produces loose sprays of small, rich, well-drained soil. Water container but H. lanatum is grown for its downy
pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers x HEUCHERELLA specimens freely when in full growth, foliage and yellow flower heads. Suitable
on maroon stems. Z3–8 moderately at other times. Tip prune young for a large rock garden or wild garden, but
H. ‘Plum Pudding’ illus. p.280. SAXIFRAGACEAE plants to promote bushiness; cut old plants may self-seed freely. Needs sun and poor,
H. ‘Purple Petticoats’ (illus. p.282). back hard in spring. Propagate by seed in well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. Hybrid genus (Heuchera x Tiarella) of spring; shrubs and trees by greenwood division in fall or spring.
H 21⁄2ft (70cm), S 2ft (60cm). Rounded, evergreen, mainly late spring- and cuttings in late spring or by semiripe H. lanatum, syn. H. welwitschii, illus.
lobed, ruffled, rich purple leaves are a summer-flowering perennials. Excellent cuttings in summer; perennials by division p.277.
brighter reddish-purple beneath. In for groundcover or edging in a mixed, in spring. Whitefly may cause problems. H. welwitschii. See H. lanatum.
summer, produces loose sprays of small, shrub or herbaceous border, or for a H. mutabilis (Confederate rose, Cotton
pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers. Z3–8 woodland garden. Prefers semishade and rose). Evergreen, erect to spreading shrub HIMALAYACALAMUS
H. ‘Red Spangles’. Evergreen, clump- needs fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate or tree. H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m).
forming perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). by basal cuttings in spring or by division Rounded leaves have 5–7 shallow lobes. POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
Has heart-shaped, purplish-green leaves in spring or fall. See also feature panel From spring to fall bears funnel-shaped,
and spikes of small, bell-shaped, crimson- p.282. sometimes double, white or pink flowers, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
scarlet flowers in summer. Z3–8 x H. alba ‘Bridget Bloom’. Clump- 3–4in (7–10cm) across, that age from pink and SEDGES.
H. ‘Regina’. Compact, evergreen, clump- forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12in to deep red. Dies back in light frost. Z10–11 H. falconeri, syn. Arundinaria falconeri,
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 10in (30cm). Has dense, bright green leaves H. rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus, Drepanostachyum falconeri,
(25cm). Shallowly lobed leaves are reddish- and, in early summer, produces many Hawaiian hibiscus, Rose of China). Thamnocalamus falconeri (Noble bamboo).
purple and silver mottled, with an overall feathery sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, rose- Evergreen, rounded, leafy shrub. Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo.
metallic sheen. Bears small, bell-shaped, pink flowers, which continue intermittently H 8–15ft (2.5–5m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m) or H to 28ft (9m), S 10ft (3m). Greenish-brown
pink flowers from late spring to late until fall. Z5–8 more. Ovate, glossy leaves are coarsely stems have a dark purple ring beneath
summer. Z4–9 x H. tiarelloides illus. p.264. ‘Alabama serrated. Produces funnel-shaped, bright each node. Has yellowish-green leaves,
H. sanguinea ‘Snow Storm’, syn. Sunrise’ is a ground-cover perennial. crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across, mainly 4–6in (10–15cm) long, without visible
H. sanguinea var. pulchra ‘Snow Storm’ H and S 12in (30cm). Rounded, deeply in summer but also in spring and fall. Z14– tessellation, and insignificant flower
(illus. p.282). Slow-growing, evergreen, lobed, red-veined, golden-yellow young 15. (min. 50–55°F/10–13°C). Many color spikes. Z9–11
clump-forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), leaves fade to bright green and develop selections are available, including ‘The
S 12–16in (30–40cm). Rather small, orange tints in fall. In early summer, President’ illus. p.455. HIPPEASTRUM
rounded, lobed, green leaves each have produces feathery sprays of small, bell- H. schizopetalus (Japanese lantern).
a large, creamy-white center. In summer, shaped, pendent, white flowers. Evergreen, upright, spreading, loose AMARYLLIDACEAE
produces loose sprays of small, pendent, ‘Dayglow Pink’, H and S 12–16in (30– shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m).
bell-shaped, coral-pink flowers. May be 40cm), has dark-veined, rich green leaves Has ovate, serrated leaves and, in summer, Genus of bulbs, grown for their huge,
short-lived. Z3–8 and many feathery sprays of bright pink pendent, long-stalked flowers, 21⁄2in (6cm) funnel-shaped flowers. Often incorrectly
H. sanguinea var. pulchra ‘Snow flowers. ‘Heart of Darkness’, across, with deeply fringed, reflexed, pink cultivated as Amaryllis. Mainly frost
Storm’. See H. sanguinea ‘Snow Storm’. H and S 16in (40cm), has green leaves, or red petals. May be trained as a climber. tender. Requires a position in full sun or
H. ‘Scintillation’. Evergreen, clump- each with a large, dark purple central zone Z13–15 partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant
forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), surrounded by silver-gray. Bears white H. syriacus. Deciduous, upright shrub. large-flowered hybrids in fall, half burying
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears rounded, lobed, flowers. ‘Kimono’ (illus. p.282), H 16in H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has ovate, lobed, the bulb; after the leaves die away, dry off
toothed and dark green leaves. In early (40cm), S 12in (30cm), is vigorous and has deep green leaves and produces large, the bulb until the following fall. Smaller,
summer, produces long, feathery sprays very deeply lobed, purple-veined, silvery- trumpet-shaped, dark pink flowers, from summer-flowering species should be kept
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, deep pink purple and green leaves; produces loose late summer to midfall. Z5–9. ‘Blue Bird’ dry while dormant in winter. Propagate by
flowers, rimmed with coral-pink. Z3–8 sprays of cream flowers. ‘Stoplight’ see H.s. ‘Oiseau Bleu’. ‘Diana’ illus. p.454. seed in spring or by offsets in spring
H. ‘Silver Scrolls’ (illus. p.282). (illus. p.282), H and S 16in (40cm), has red- ‘Oiseau Bleu’ (syn. H.s. ‘Blue Bird’) illus. (summer-flowering species) or fall (large-
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 2ft veined, bright yellow leaves and white p.138. ‘Red Heart’ illus. p.132. flowered hybrids). tAll parts may cause
(60cm), S 16in (40cm). Rounded, lobed, flowers. Z5–8 ‘Woodbridge’ illus. p.136. mild stomach upset if ingested.
silver and burgundy leaves are H. trionum (Flower-of-the-hour) illus. H. ‘Apple Blossom’ illus. p.414.
most vibrant when young. In summer, Hexastylis. See Asarum. p.300. H. aulicum, syn. H. morelianum, illus.
produces loose sprays of small, pendent, p.414.
bell-shaped, pinkish-white flowers. Z3–8 HIBBERTIA HIDALGOA H. ‘Black Pearl’. Winter-flowering bulb.
H. ‘Southern Comfort’ (illus. p.282). H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a sturdy
Strong-growing, evergreen, clump- syn. CANDOLLEA Climbing dahlia stem bearing 4–5 large, funnel-shaped,
forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 2ft dark maroon flowers and strap-shaped,
(60cm). Large, rounded, lobed, rather DILLENIACEAE ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE semierect, basal leaves that develop with
hairy, brownish-peach leaves age to burnt- or after the flowers. Z14–15
copper. In summer, produces loose sprays Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs, and Genus of evergreen, leaf-stalk climbers, H. ‘Bouquet’. Winter- and spring-
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, white twining climbers, grown for their yellow, grown for their single, dahlia-like flower flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
flowers. Z3–8 occasionally pink or white, flowers. heads. Requires full light and humus-rich, H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Similar
H. ‘Stormy Seas’. Evergreen, clump- Grow in well-drained soil, in full light or well-drained soil. Water freely when in full to H. aulicum, but has very wide, salmon-
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), semishade. Water freely in summer, less at growth, less at other times. Needs support. pink flowers, with deep red veins and red
S 16–20in (40–50cm). Rounded, lobed, other times. Provide stems with support. In spring, thin out crowded stems or cut centers. Z14–15
gray-silver-mottled, glossy, maroon-purple Thin out congested growth in spring. back all growth to ground level. Propagate H. ‘Charisma’. Winter-flowering
leaves, aging to bronze-green, have vivid Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late by softwood cuttings in spring. Aphids, bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm).
purple undersides. In summer, produces summer. red spider mite and whitefly may be Produces white flowers, to 8in (20cm)
loose sprays of small, pendent, bell- H. cuneiformis, syn. Candollea troublesome. across, that are splashed and edged red.
shaped, cream flowers. Z4–8 cuneiformis, illus. p.458. H. ternata, syn. H. wercklei. Moderately Z10–11
H. ‘Tiramisu’ (illus. p.282). Evergreen, H. scandens, syn. H. volubilis. Vigorous, vigorous, evergreen, leaf-stalk climber. H. ‘Dancing Queen’. Winter- to spring-
clump-forming perennial. H 12–16in (30– evergreen shrub, with twining or H 15ft (5m) or more. Ovate leaves are flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm), S 12in
40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, lobed, procumbent, reddish brown stems. divided into 3, 5 or more, coarsely serrated (30cm). Has strap-shaped leaves. Sturdy
red-flushed, copper-yellow leaves. In H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Has leaflets. In summer, bears dahlia-like, stems bear up to 5 double, trumpet-
summer, has loose sprays of small, pendent, oblong to lance-shaped, glossy, deep scarlet flower heads, yellowish in bud. shaped, white- and red-streaked
bell-shaped, pinkish flowers. Z3–8 green leaves, 11⁄2–31⁄2in (4–9cm) long. Z11–13 flowers. Z9–11
Saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers, H. wercklei. See H. ternata. H. ‘Magic Green’. Winter-flowering
11⁄2in (4cm) across, are produced mainly bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm).
in summer. Z12–15 (min. 41°F/5°C) Produces creamy-white flowers, to 8in
H. volubilis. See H. scandens.