Antennaria rosea Daphne arbuscula
Semievergreen perennial forming Evergreen, prostrate shrub. In late
a spreading mat of tiny, ovate, woolly spring, bears many very fragrant,
leaves. Bears fluffy, rose-pink flower tubular, deep pink flowers in terminal
heads in small, terminal clusters in clusters. Narrow, leathery, dark green
late spring and early summer. Good leaves are crowded at the ends of the
as groundcover with small bulbs. branches. Likes humus-rich soil.
H 1in (25cm), S to 16in (40cm). H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 20in (50cm).
ADZ5–9 BDZ5–7t
rock plants
Arenaria purpurascens Daphne petraea ‘Grandiflora’
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Slow-growing, evergreen, compact
with sharp-pointed, glossy leaves, shrub that bears terminal clusters of
above which rise many small clusters of fragrant, rich pink flowers in late spring
star-shaped, pale to deep purplish-pink and tiny, glossy leaves. Suits an alpine
flowers in early spring. H 1⁄2in (1cm), house, a sheltered, humus-rich rock
S to 6in (15cm). garden, or a trough. H to 6in (15cm),
S to 10in (25cm).
ADZ4–7
ADZ5–7t
Epigaea gaultherioides Claytonia megarhiza var. nivalis Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus Mazus reptans
Evergreen, prostrate subshrub with Evergreen perennial with a rosette of Evergreen, mat-forming subshrub with Prostrate perennial that has tubular,
cup-shaped, shell-pink flowers borne spoon-shaped, succulent leaves. Bears tiny, ovate, leathery leaves. In late spring, purple or purplish-pink flowers, with
in terminal clusters in spring. Hairy small heads of tiny, deep pink flowers produces small, erect racemes of many protruding, white lips, spotted red and
stems bear heart-shaped, dark green in spring. Grows best in a deep pot of tiny, bell-shaped, deep pink or deep yellow, borne singly on short stems in
leaves. Difficult to grow and propagate. gritty potting mix in an alpine house. pink-and-white flowers. H 2–3in (5–8cm), spring. Narrow, toothed leaves are
H to 4in (10cm), S to 10in (25cm) or more. H 1⁄2in (1cm), S 3in (8cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm). in pairs along stem. H to 2in (5cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more.
CEMZ8–9 ADZ5–7 BEMZ2–6 351
AEZ5–8
SMALL
SPRING
PINK
Silene acaulis (Moss campion) Oxalis adenophylla
Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Mat-forming, fibrous-rooted, tuberous
with minute, bright green leaves perennial with gray-green leaves
studded with tiny, stemless, 5-petaled, divided into narrow, wavy lobes. In
pink flowers in spring. May be difficult spring, bears rounded, purplish-pink
to bring into flower; prefers a cool flowers, each 1–11⁄2in (2.5–4cm) across,
climate. H to 1in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). with darker purple eyes. H to 2in (5cm),
S 3–4in (8–10cm).
ADZ3–5
ADZ6–8
rock plants
Thlaspi cepaeifolium Armeria juniperifolia Erinus alpinus
subsp. rotundifolium Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Semievergreen, short-lived perennial
Clump-forming perennial with dense composed of loose rosettes of sharp- with rosettes of soft, mid-green leaves
tufts of round leaves and small, open pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves. covered, in late spring and summer,
cup-shaped, pale to deep purplish- Pale pink flowers are borne in spherical with small, purple, pink or white flowers.
or lilac-pink flowers in spring. Needs umbels in late spring and early summer. Self-seeds freely. H and S 2–3in (5–8cm).
cool conditions. May be short-lived. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm).
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 4in (10cm).
ADZ5–7 ADZ4–7
ADZ6–9
352 Oxalis acetosella Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica Shortia soldanelloides
var. subpurpurascens ‘Douler Angevine’ Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
Creeping, rhizomatous perennial Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with rounded, toothed leaves and
forming mats of 3-lobed leaves. bearing loose rosettes of obovate, bearing small, pendent, bell-shaped and
Cup-shaped, soft pink flowers, each toothed, mid-green leaves with irregular, fringed, deep pink flowers in late spring.
1⁄2in (1cm) across, with 5 darker-veined creamy-yellow margins. In spring, H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
petals, are produced in spring. produces fragrant, 4-petaled, bright pink
H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. flowers. H 6in (15cm), S 20in (50cm). CDMZ6–8
BDZ3–8 ADZ4–8
RED
Polygonatum hookeri Corydalis solida ‘George Baker’
Slow-growing, dense, rhizomatous Tuberous perennial with fernlike,
perennial, bearing loose spikes of several divided leaves and dense racemes of
small, bell-shaped, pale to deep pink spurred, rich deep rose-red flowers
flowers in late spring and early summer. in spring. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
Leaves are tiny and lance-shaped. Suits a
peat bed. H to 2in (5cm), S to 12in (30cm).
CDZ6–9t ADZ5–7
rock plants
Anagallis tenella ‘Studland’ Aubrieta ‘Joy’ Saxifraga federici-augusti
Short-lived perennial that forms Vigorous, evergreen, trailing perennial subsp. grisebachii ‘Wisley Variety’
prostrate mats of tiny, bright green that forms mounds of soft green leaves. Evergreen perennial with rosettes of
leaves studded in spring with honey- In spring, bears double, pale mauve-pink lime-encrusted leaves. Crosier-shaped
scented, star-shaped, bright pink flowers on short stems. H 4in (10cm), stems with pale pink to bright red hairs
flowers. H 1⁄2in (1cm), S 6in (15cm) S 8in (20cm). bear dense racemes of dark red flowers
or more. in spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
AEZ5–7 ADZ5–7 ADZ6–8
Saxifraga oppositifolia Androsace carnea subsp. laggeri Arabis blepharophylla Saxifraga sempervivum 353
(Purple mountain saxifrage) Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial ‘Frühlingszauber’ Evergreen, hummock-forming perennial
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with composed of small, tight rosettes of Short-lived, evergreen, mat-forming with tight rosettes of tufted, silvery-
clusters of tiny, white-flecked leaves. pointed leaves. Cup-shaped, deep pink perennial bearing loose rosettes of green leaves. Crosier-shaped flower
Bears open cup-shaped, dark purple, flowers are borne in small clusters above dark green leaves with gray margins. stems, covered in silvery hairs and
purplish-pink, or, rarely, white flowers cushions in spring. H and S 2in (5cm). Compact racemes of fragrant, 4-petaled, emerging from rosettes, bear racemes
in early spring. Likes an open position. dark purple-pink flowers are produced of dark red flowers in early spring.
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). ADZ4–7 in spring. H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
BEZ1–7 ADZ5–8 BDZ6–7
SMALL
SPRING
PURPLE
Aubrieta x cultorum
‘Argenteovariegata’
Evergreen, compact perennial, grown
for its trailing, green leaves, which are
heavily splashed with creamy-white.
Produces pinkish-lavender flowers
in spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
ADZ5–7
rock plants
Saxifraga stribrnyi Soldanella alpina (Alpine snowbell) Aubrieta ‘Greencourt Purple’
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with small, lime-encrusted rosettes of with tufts of leaves and short, bell- with rosetted, mid-green leaves.
leaves. Crosier-shaped stems, covered in shaped, fringed, pinkish-lavender or Produces masses of double, bright
pinkish-buff hairs, bear racemes of deep purplish-pink flowers in early spring. purple flowers in spring. Very good
maroon-red flowers above leaves in late Difficult to flower well. H to 3in (8cm), on a dry wall. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
spring and early summer. H 3in (8cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 12in (30cm) or more.
S 4–5in (10–12cm).
BDZ4–7 ADZ5–7
BDZ6–7
Aubrieta ‘Doctor Mules Variegata’ Polygala chamaebuxus Soldanella villosa Corydalis diphylla
Evergreen, vigorous, mound-forming var. grandiflora Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Tuberous perennial with semierect,
perennial with single, purple flowers Evergreen, woody-based perennial with round, leathery, hairy-stalked basal leaves, divided into narrow
borne in spring above mounds of small, with terminal clusters of pealike, leaves and nodding, bell-shaped, leaflets, and loose racemes of purple-
rounded, mid-green leaves with white reddish-purple and yellow flowers in fringed, purplish-lavender flowers lipped flowers with white spurs in
margins. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 12in (30cm). late spring and early summer. Leaves borne on erect stems in early spring. spring. Protect tubers from excess
are small, ovate, leathery, and dark Dislikes winter wet. H 4in (10cm), moisture in summer. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
354 green. H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
ADZ4–8 BDZ6–9 BDZ4–7 ADZ5–7
Viola tricolor (Heartsease, Wild pansy) Hepatica nobilis var. japonica Jeffersonia dubia Synthyris missurica subsp. stellata
Short-lived perennial or annual with Slow-growing perennial with leathery, Tufted perennial with 2-lobed, blue- Evergreen, mounded, rhizomatous
neat, flat-faced flowers in combinations lobed leaves, semievergreen in all green leaves, sometimes flushed pink perennial that bears dense spikes of
of white, yellow, and shades of purple but very cold or arid climates. Bears when unfolding. Bears cup-shaped, pale small, violet-blue flowers in spring
from spring through to fall. Self-seeds slightly cupped, lilac-mauve, pink, or lilac to purplish blue flowers singly in above rounded, deeply toothed leaves.
profusely. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 2–6in white flowers in spring. H to 3in (8cm), spring. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S to 9in (23cm). Tolerates sun if soil remains moist.
(5–15cm) or more. S to 5in (12cm). H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm).
ADZ3–9 BEZ5–8 BEZ5–8 BEZ2–6
rock plants
Aubrieta ‘Purple Charm’ Jancaea heldreichii
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Perennial with rosettes of thick, hairy,
rosetted, mid-green leaves. In spring, silver-green leaves, above which rise
produces masses of single, lavender- slender stems bearing clusters of tiny,
purple flowers, with yellow eyes. Very lavender-blue flowers in late spring.
good on a dry wall. H 4–6in (10–15cm), Rare and difficult to grow and is best in
S 12in (30cm) or more. an alpine house. H and S to 3in (8cm).
ADZ5–7 BEZ5–7
Viola pedata (Bird’s-foot violet) Viola riviniana Purpurea Group Viola ‘Bowles’s Black’
Clump-forming perennial with finely Clump-forming perennial with tiny, Clump-forming perennial with
divided foliage and yellow-centered, pale flat-faced, purple flowers in spring- flat-faced, very dark violet, almost black,
violet, rarely white flowers borne singly summer. Leaves are kidney-shaped and flowers, borne continuously from spring
on slender stems in late spring and early dark purple-green. Invasive but suits to fall. Ovate leaves are sometimes lobed
summer. Needs sharp drainage; grow in a bank, woodland, or wild garden. and toothed. A short-lived plant; treat
an alpine house. H 3in (8cm), S 3in (8cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite. as a biennial. H 2–6in (5–15cm),
S 2–3in (5–8cm).
ADMZ4–8 BDZ5–8 355
ADZ5–8
SMALL GRAY YELLOW
SPRING
BLUE
Myosotis alpestris Mandragora officinarum
(Alpine forget-me-not) (Common mandrake, Devil’s apple)
Short-lived, clump-forming perennial Rosetted, fleshy-rooted perennial
producing dense clusters of tiny, bright with coarse, wavy-edged leaves. Bears
blue flowers with creamy-yellow eyes in funnel-shaped, yellowish- or purplish-
late spring and early summer, just above white flowers in spring, followed by
tufts of hairy leaves. Prefers gritty soil. large, tomato-like, shiny yellow fruits.
H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm).
ADZ4–8 ADZ5–8t
rock plants
Anchusa cespitosa Gentiana verna (Spring gentian) Leucogenes grandiceps Hacquetia epipactis
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen perennial, often short- Evergreen, dense, woody-based Clump-forming perennial, spreading
with rosettes of lance-shaped, dark lived, with small rosettes of ovate, dark perennial with neat rosettes of downy, by short rhizomes. In late winter and
green leaves. In spring, stemless, green leaves. In early spring, tubular, silver leaves. Yellow flower heads, early spring, bears yellow or yellow-
white-centered, blue flowers are borne bright blue flowers with white throats within woolly, white bracts, are borne green flower heads, encircled by
in centers of rosettes. Old plants do not are held upright on short stems. singly in spring or early summer. apple-green bracts, before rounded,
flower well; take early summer cuttings. H and S to 2in (5cm). H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). 3-parted leaves emerge. H 21⁄2in (6cm),
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S to 9in (23cm). S 6–9in (15–23cm).
ADZ4–7 ADZ7–8
ADZ5–7 CEZ5–7
Viola cornuta ‘Minor’ Mertensia maritima Salix apoda Saxifraga x boydii
Rhizomatous perennial with ovate, Prostrate perennial with ovate, fleshy, Slow-growing, deciduous, prostrate ‘Hindhead Seedling’
toothed leaves and flat-faced, bright silver-blue or silver-gray leaves. shrub. In early spring, male forms Evergreen perennial that forms a hard
rather angular, spurred, lavender- Sturdy stems carry clusters of pendent, bear fat, silky, silver catkins with dome of small, tufted, spiny, blue-green
blue, occasionally white flowers funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers in orange to pale yellow stamens and leaves. In spring, bears upward-facing,
in spring and much of summer. spring. Prone to slug damage. Needs bracts. Ovate, leathery leaves are hairy open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
H 3–4in (7–10cm), S to 6in (15cm). very sharp drainage. H 4–6in (10–15cm), when young, becoming dark green later. 2 or 3 to each short stem. H 1in (25cm),
S 5in (12cm). H to 6in (15cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). S 3in (8cm).
356
ADZ3–7 AEZ7–9 BDZ6–8
ADZ6–8
Draba rigida Draba longisiliqua Saxifraga x apiculata Euphorbia myrsinites
Evergreen perennial with tight Semievergreen, cushion-forming ‘Gregor Mendel’ Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
hummocks of minute, dark green leaves. perennial composed of firm rosettes Evergreen perennial with a tight cushion terminal clusters of bright yellow-
Tiny clusters of bright yellow flowers of tiny, silver leaves. Bears sprays of of bright green foliage. Bears clusters green flowers in spring. Woody stems
on fine stems cover hummocks in spring. small, yellow flowers on long stalks of open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers are clothed in small, pointed, fleshy,
Suits a rough scree garden or alpine in spring. Needs plenty of water in in early spring. H 4–6in (10–15cm), gray leaves. Good on a wall or ledge.
house. Dislikes winter wet. H 11⁄2in (4cm), growth; best grown in an alpine house. S 6in (15cm) or more. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S to 8in (20cm) or more.
S 21⁄2in (6cm). H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm).
BDZ6–8 ADZ5–8t
ADZ4–6 ADZ4–6
rock plants
Salix reticulata (Net-veined willow) Ficaria verna Flore Pleno Group 357
Deciduous, spreading, mat-forming Mat-forming perennial with heart-
shrub. Carries plump, reddish-brown, shaped, dark green leaves and, in
then yellow catkins on male plants early spring, double, bright yellow
in spring and rounded, slightly flowers with glossy petals. May spread
crinkled leaves. Likes cool, peaty soil. rapidly. Good for a wild garden.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 8in (20cm).
AEZ2–6 AEZ4–8t
SMALL
SPRING
YELLOW
Morisia monanthos ‘Fred Hemingway’ Dionysia tapetodes
Prostrate perennial with flat rosettes Evergreen, prostrate perennial
of divided, leathery, dark green leaves. producing a tight mat of tiny, gray-
Produces stemless, flat, bright yellow green leaves. Bears small, upward-
flowers in late spring and early summer. facing, yellow flowers in early spring.
Needs very sharp drainage. H 1in (25cm), H 1⁄2in (1cm), S to 6in (15cm).
S to 3in (8cm).
ADZ7–9 ADZ5–7
rock plants
Vitaliana primuliflora Trollius pumilus Erysimum helveticum
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with Tufted perennial with leaves divided into Semievergreen, clump-forming
a mat of rosetted, mid-green leaves 5 segments, each further lobed. Bears perennial with closely-packed tufts of
that are covered in spring with many solitary cup-shaped, bright yellow long, narrow leaves and many fragrant,
small clusters of stemless, tubular, flowers in late spring and early summer. bright yellow flowers borne in flat
bright yellow flowers. H 1in (25cm), H 6in (15cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. heads in late spring and early summer.
S 8in (20cm). H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
ADZ5–8 AEZ4–6 ADZ5–8
Saxifraga sancta Draba mollissima Dionysia aretioides
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Semievergreen, cushion-forming Evergreen perennial forming cushions
with tufts of bright green leaves. Bears perennial with clusters of tiny, yellow of soft, hairy, grayish-green leaves that
short racemes of upward-facing, open flowers on slender stems in spring. are covered in early spring by scented,
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in Minute leaves form a soft green dome, stemless, round, bright yellow flowers.
spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). which should be packed beneath with H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm).
small stones. Grow in an alpine house.
358 H 11⁄2in (4cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. ADZ5–7
BDZ7–8 ADZ4–6
SUMMER
WHITE
Silene alpestris Haberlea rhodopensis ‘Virginalis’
Perennial with branching stems and Evergreen perennial with small,
narrow leaves. Bears small, rounded, arching sprays of funnel-shaped, pure
fringed, white, occasionally pink-flushed white flowers borne in late spring and
flowers in late spring and early summer. early summer above neat rosettes of
Self-seeds freely. H 4–6in (10–15cm), ovate, toothed, dark green leaves.
S 8in (20cm). H and S in flower 4–6in (10–15cm).
ADZ4–7 BEZ5–7
rock plants
Viola ‘Jackanapes’ Phlox stolonifera ‘Ariane’ Potentilla alba
Clump-forming perennial with ovate, Evergreen, low-growing perennial Vigorous, mat-forming perennial
toothed leaves. Produces flat-faced with flowering sideshoots that bear bearing loose sprays of flat, single, white
flowers with reddish-brown, upper heads of open, saucer-shaped, white flowers in summer. Leaves are divided
petals and yellow, lower ones in late blooms in early summer. Has ovate, pale into ovate leaflets and are silvery
spring and summer. H 3–5in (8–12cm), green leaves. Cut back flowered shoots beneath. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 3in (8cm).
S to 8in (20cm) or more. by half after flowering. H to 6in (15cm),
S 12in (30cm). ADZ5–8
ADZ4–8
BDMZ4–8
Saxifraga aizoides Ficaria verna var. aurantiacus Achillea clavennae Cyananthus lobatus ‘Albus’ 359
Evergreen perennial, forming a loose Mat-forming perennial bearing, in Semievergreen, carpeting perennial that Prostrate perennial with branched stems
mat, with small, narrowly ovate, fleshy, early spring, cup-shaped, single, orange bears loose clusters of white flower clothed in small, wedge-shaped, dull
shiny, green leaves. In spring–summer, flowers with glossy petals. Leaves are heads with gold centers from summer green leaves. Bears funnel-shaped,
produces terminal racemes of star- heart-shaped and mid-green. May to midfall. Leaves are narrowly ovate, single, white flowers with spreading
shaped, bright yellow or orange flowers, spread rapidly. Good for a wild garden. many-lobed and covered with fine, white lobes in late summer. H 3in (8cm),
often spotted red, on 3in (8cm) stems. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). hairs. Dislikes winter wet. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. S 9in (23cm) or more.
AEZ4–8t BDZ6–7
ADZ4–7 ADZ3–8t
SMALL
SUMMER
WHITE
Campanula carpatica f. alba Iberis saxatilis Ourisia caespitosa
Clump-forming perennial producing Evergreen, dwarf subshrub that, in late Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
abundant, rounded, mid-green leaves. spring and early summer, produces creeping rootstocks and stems bearing
Broadly bell-shaped, white flowers, large heads of numerous small, white tiny, ovate leaves and many outward-
11⁄4in (3cm) across, are borne singly flowers, which become tinged violet facing, open cup-shaped, white flowers
on unbranched stems, in summer. with age. Glossy, dark leaves are linear in late spring and early summer.
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm). and cylindrical. Trim after flowering. H 1in (25cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 3–5in (8–12cm), S 12in (30cm).
ADZ4–7 CEZ5–7
ADZ7–9
rock plants
Arenaria montana Cornus canadensis Celmisia ramulosa Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus
Prostrate perennial that forms loose (Bunchberry) Evergreen, shrubby perennial with Short-lived, prostrate perennial that has
mats of small, narrowly ovate leaves Groundcover perennial with whorls small, hairy, gray-green leaves. Daisy- white flower heads, with red reverses
and bears large, round, white flowers of ovate leaves. In late spring and early like, white flower heads are borne singly to ray petals, in summer. Flowers close
in summer. Suits a wall or rock crevice. summer, bears green, sometimes purple- on short stems in late spring and early in dull light. Stems are clothed in fine
Must have adequate moisture. tinged flowers, within white bracts, summer. H and S 4in (10cm). leaves. Dislikes wet. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm)
H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm). followed by red berries. H 4–6in or more, S 4in (10cm).
(10–15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. AEMZ7–8
BDZ3–5 ADZ3–8
BEMZ2–7t
360 Lewisia rediviva [white form] Epilobium glabellum of gardens
(Bitterroot) Mat- or clump-forming, semievergreen
Tufted, rosetted perennial with perennial with elliptic to ovate, finely
clusters of fine, narrow leaves that are toothed, deep green leaves. Cup-shaped,
summer-deciduous. Bears large, white creamy-white to pink flowers are borne
flowers that open in bright weather on branching stems in summer.
in late spring and early summer. H and S 8in (20cm).
H 1⁄2–11⁄2in (1–4cm), S to 2in (5cm).
BEZ5–8
ADMZ4–7
PINK
Nierembergia repens Alstroemeria hookeri
Mat-forming perennial with upright, Dwarf, tuberous perennial with narrow,
open bell-shaped, yellow-centered, gray-green leaves. Bears loose umbels
white flowers, occasionally flushed pink of 1–3 widely flared, pink flowers in
with age, borne for a long period in summer; inner petals have yellow flashes
summer. Leaves are small, ovate, and and are streaked with purple. H 4–6in
light green. Useful for cracks in paving. (10–15cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm).
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.
ADZ8–10t
ADZ7–11
rock plants
Petrocosmea kerrii Penstemon hirsutus var. pygmaeus
Evergreen perennial with compact Short-lived, evergreen, compact
rosettes of ovate, pointed, hairy, rich subshrub that bears tubular, lipped,
green leaves. In summer, bears hairy, purple- or blue-flushed, white
clusters of short, outward-facing, flowers in summer. Has tightly packed,
tubular, open-mouthed white flowers. dark green leaves and is suitable for a
Suits an alpine house. H to 3in (8cm), trough. H and S 3in (8cm).
S 5–6in (12–15cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
ADZ3–9
CDZ10–11
Dryas octopetala Carlina acaulis (Alpine thistle) Petrorhagia saxifraga (Tunic flower) 361
Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming Clump-forming perennial that in Mat-forming perennial with tufts of
mats of ovate, lobed, leathery, dark green summer-fall bears large, stemless, grasslike leaves. In summer, bears a
leaves on sturdy stems. In late spring and thistlelike, single, off-white or pale profusion of small, pale pink flowers,
early summer, cup-shaped, creamy- brown flower heads, with papery bracts, veined deeper pink, on slender stems.
white flowers are borne just above on rosettes of long, spiny-margined, Grows best on poor soil and self-seeds
foliage, followed by attractive, feathery deeply-cut leaves. H 3–4in (8–10cm), easily. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
seeds. H 21⁄2in (6cm), S indefinite. S 6–9in (15–23cm).
ADZ5–7
ADZ3–6 ADZ5–7
SMALL
SUMMER
PINK
Gypsophila repens ‘Dorothy Teacher’ Erodium corsicum
Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. Compact, clump-forming perennial that
Sprays of small, rounded, white flowers, has soft, gray-green leaves with wavy
which age to deep pink, cover mats of margins. Bears flat-faced, pink flowers,
narrow, bluish-green leaves in summer. with darker veins, on stiff, slender stems
Trim stems after flowering. H 1–2in in late spring and summer. Best in an
(2.5–5cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. alpine house as it dislikes winter wet.
H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).
ADZ4–7
ADZ4–7
rock plants
Convolvulus althaeoides Rhodohypoxis baurii ‘Margaret Rose’ Saponaria x olivana
Vigorous perennial with long, trailing Perennial with a tuberlike rootstock Compact perennial with a firm cushion
stems clothed in heart-shaped, cut, and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly of narrow leaves. Flowering stems,
mid-green leaves, overlaid silver. Bears lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a produced around edges of the cushion,
large, open trumpet-shaped pink flowers succession of upright, flattish, pale bear flat, single, pale pink flowers in
in summer. May be invasive in a mild pink flowers on slender stems in spring summer. Needs very sharp drainage.
climate. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. and early summer. H 2–4in (5–10cm), H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).
S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
ADZ6–8 ADZ4–8
ADZ9–10
Geranium sanguineum var. striatum Ourisia microphylla Asperula suberosa Aethionema ‘Warley Rose’
Hummock-forming, spreading perennial Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial, Clump-forming perennial with a mound Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen,
that has cup-shaped, pink flowers, with with neat, scalelike, pale green leaves, of loose stems bearing tiny, hairy, gray compact subshrub with tiny, linear,
darker veins, borne singly in summer bearing a profusion of small, pink leaves and, in early summer, many bluish-gray leaves. Bears racemes of
above round, deeply divided, dark flowers in late spring and early summer. tubular, pale pink flowers. Dislikes small, pink flowers on short stems
green leaves. H 4–6in (10–15cm), Difficult to grow in an arid climate. winter wet but needs moist soil in in profusion in spring-summer.
S 12in (30cm) or more. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm). summer. Best in an alpine house. H and S 6in (15cm).
H 3in (8cm), S to 12in (30cm).
362 CEZ7–9 ADZ6–8
AEZ5–7
ADZ3–8
Phlox adsurgens ‘Wagon Wheel’ Androsace lanuginosa
Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming Evergreen, trailing perennial with loose
wide mats of woody stems, clothed stems, covered in silky hairs, bearing
in ovate leaves. Bears heads of deep green leaves and, in summer,
wheel-shaped, pink flowers with narrow clusters of small, flat, lilac-pink or pale
petals in summer. Needs humus-rich pink flowers with dark pink or yellow
soil. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). eyes. H 11⁄2in (4cm), S to 7in (18cm).
BDMZ4–8 ADZ5–7
rock plants
Linnaea borealis (Twin flower) Acantholimon glumaceum Dianthus ‘Little Jock’
Evergreen, mat-forming, subshrubby Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Evergreen, compact, clump-forming
perennial with rooting stems bearing with hard, spiny, dark green leaves and perennial with spiky, silvery-green
small, ovate leaves, above which in short spikes of small, star-shaped, pink foliage. In summer, produces strongly
summer rise threadlike stems bearing flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), fragrant, rounded, semidouble, pink
pairs of small, fragrant, tubular, pale S 8in (20cm). flowers, with darker eyes, above foliage.
pink and white flowers. H 3⁄4in (2cm), H and S 4in (10cm).
S 12in (30cm) or more. ADZ7–9
ADZ5–9
BEMZ6–9
Geranium dalmaticum Erigeron karvinskianus Dianthus pavonius Dianthus gratianopolitanus 363
Prostrate, spreading perennial with Spreading perennial with lax stems Evergreen, prostrate perennial with (Cheddar pink)
outward-facing, almost flat, shell-pink bearing narrow, lance-shaped, hairy comparatively large, rounded, pale to Evergreen perennial with loose mats
flowers borne in summer above divided, leaves and, in summer-fall, daisylike deep pink flowers, buff on reverses, of narrow, gray-green leaves. In
dark green leaves. Will grow taller in flower heads that open white, turn pink borne on short stems in summer above summer, produces very fragrant, flat,
partial shade and is evergreen in all but and fade to purple. H 4–6in (10–15cm), low mats of spiky leaves. H 2in (5cm), pale pink flowers on slender stems.
severest winters. H 3–4in (8–10cm) or S indefinite. S 3in (8cm). H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm).
more, S 5–8in (12–20cm).
ADZ5–7 ADMZ3–8 ADZ4–8
ADZ5–7
SMALL
SUMMER
PINK
Kalmia procumbens Saponaria ocymoides (Rock soapwort) Oxalis depressa
(Alpine azalea, Trailing azalea) Perennial with compact or loose, Tuberous perennial with 3-lobed leaves
Evergreen, prostrate shrub with small, sprawling mats of hairy, ovate leaves, and short-stemmed, widely funnel-
ovate leaves, hairy and beige beneath. above which a profusion of tiny, flat, shaped, bright rose-pink flowers,
Produces terminal clusters of open pale pink to crimson flowers are borne 3⁄4in (2cm) across, in summer. Needs
funnel-shaped, rose-pink to white in summer. Excellent on a dry bank. a sheltered site or cool greenhouse.
flowers in early summer. H to 3in (8cm), H 1–3in (2.5–8cm), S 16in (40cm). H 2in (5cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
S 4–6in (10–15cm).
ADZ4–8 ADZ7–10
ADMZ2–5
rock plants
Dianthus ‘Pike’s Pink’ Pterocephalus perennis Dianthus myrtinervius
Evergreen, compact, cushion-forming Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, spreading perennial
perennial with spiky, gray-green with crinkled, hairy leaves. Bears tight, with numerous small, rounded, pink
foliage. Produces fragrant, rounded, rounded heads of tubular, pinkish- flowers that are produced in summer
double, pink flowers in summer. lavender flowers, singly on short stems above tiny, grasslike leaves. H 2in (5cm),
H and S 4in (10cm). in summer, followed by feathery seed S 8in (20cm).
heads. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
ADZ5–8
ADZ5–7 ADZ4–9
Aethionema armenum Saponaria caespitosa Dianthus alpinus (Alpine pink) Dianthus alpinus ‘Joan’s Blood’
Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen, Mat-forming perennial with small, Evergreen, compact perennial that Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
dense subshrub with narrow, blue-green lance-shaped leaves. Tiny, flat, single, bears comparatively large, rounded, with narrow, glossy, dark green leaves.
leaves. Produces loose sprays of tiny, pink to purple flowers are borne rose-pink to crimson flowers, singly Bears single, deep magenta-pink
pale to deep pink flowers in summer. in small heads in summer. Needs in summer, above mats of narrow, flowers, to 11⁄2in (4cm) across, with
H and S 6in (15cm). very sharp drainage. H 3in (8cm), dark green foliage. Likes humus-rich crimson centers and toothed petals,
S 4in (10cm). soil. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm). in summer. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm).
364 ADZ4–8 ADZ4–8 ADZ3–9
ADZ7–9
Phlox nivalis ‘Camlaensis’ Phlox subulata ‘Marjorie’ Dianthus ‘La Bourboule’
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen perennial with small
with wiry, arching stems and fine leaves. with fine leaves and a profusion of flat, clumps of tufted, spiky foliage. Bears
A profusion of open saucer-shaped, rich star-shaped, bright rose-pink flowers a profusion of strongly fragrant,
pink flowers are borne in early summer. in early summer. Trim after flowering. small, single, pink flowers in summer.
Trim after flowering. Needs humus-rich H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm).
soil. H 5in (12cm), S 12in (30cm).
ADZ5–9
ADZ6–8 ADZ3–8
rock plants
Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’ Phlox douglasii ‘Crackerjack’ Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial that Evergreen, compact, mound-forming Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
has sturdy, branching, spreading stems perennial. Bears a profusion of with grasslike, dark blue-green leaves,
clothed with pointed leaves. In summer, saucer-shaped, bright crimson or above which rise stiff stems bearing
bears dense spikes of small, red flowers, magenta flowers in early summer. spherical heads of small, deep rose-pink
which become paler with age. H 3–6in Leaves are lance-shaped and mid-green. flowers for a long period in summer.
(8–15cm), S to 6in (15cm). Cut back after flowering. H to 3in (8cm), H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
S 8in (20cm).
AEZ3–8t ADZ3–9
ADZ5–7
Lewisia rediviva [pink form] Rhodohypoxis baurii ‘Albrighton’ Dianthus deltoides ‘Leuchtfunk’ Thymus ‘Bressingham’ 365
(Bitterroot) Perennial with tuberlike rootstock Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. Evergreen, mat-forming, aromatic
Tufted, rosetted perennial. Clusters of and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly Many small, flat, upward-facing, subshrub with creeping stems and
narrow leaves are summer-deciduous. lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a brilliant cerise flowers are borne singly elliptic, white-hairy, mid-green leaves.
Large, many-petaled, pink flowers succession of erect, deep pink flowers above tiny, oblong, pointed leaves. Bears numerous, small, 2-lipped,
open on bright days in late spring and singly on slender stems in spring and H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 8in (20cm). purple-pink flowers, splashed dark
early summer. Suits an alpine house. early summer. H 2–4in (5–10cm), crimson, in summer. H 11⁄4in (3cm),
H 1⁄2–11⁄2in (1–4cm), S to 2in (5cm). S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). ADZ3–10 S 5in (12cm).
ADMZ4–7 ADZ9–10 ADZ6–9
SMALL PURPLE
SUMMER
PINK
Phlox bifida (Sand phlox) Thymus caespititius Androsace villosa var. jacquemontii Teucrium polium
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Compact, cushion-forming, aromatic Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Deciduous, dome-shaped subshrub
with lance-shaped leaves. Bears a subshrub with upright stems covered with small rosettes of hairy, gray- that has much-branched, woolly, white
profusion of small heads of star-shaped, in small, prominently veined, dark-green green leaves. Bears tiny, pinkish-purple or yellowish stems and leaves with
lilac or white flowers with deeply cleft leaves. In early summer, bears lilac or flowers on red stems in late spring and scalloped margins. Bears yellowish-
petals in summer. Cut back stems by mauve flowers in dense rounded heads. early summer. Suits an alpine house. white or pinkish-purple flowers in flat
half after flowering. H 4–6in (10–15cm), H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). H 1⁄2–11⁄2in (1–4cm), S 8in (20cm). heads in summer. Requires very sharp
S 6in (15cm). drainage. H and S 6in (15cm).
ADZ4–9 ADZ5–7
ADZ4–8 ADZ8–9
rock plants
Geranium cinereum ‘Ballerina’ Phlox douglasii ‘Boothman’s Variety’
Spreading, rosetted perennial that Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
bears cup-shaped, purplish-pink flowers, with lance-shaped leaves and bearing
with deep purple veins, on lax stems in abundant, pale lavender-blue flowers,
late spring and summer. Basal leaves with violet-blue markings around eyes,
are round, deeply divided and soft. in early summer. Cut back after
H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). flowering. H to 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADZ5–9 ADZ5–7
Dianthus microlepis Geranium subcaulescens Physoplexis comosa
Evergreen perennial with tiny tufts Spreading perennial with round, deeply Tufted perennial with deeply cut leaves
of minute, fine, grasslike leaves, divided, soft leaves. In summer, bears and round heads of bottle-shaped,
above which rise numerous small, brilliant purple-magenta flowers, with violet-blue, rarely white, flowers in
rounded, pink flowers in early striking, black eyes and stamens, on lax summer. Suits crevices but dislikes
summer. Best suited to a trough. stems. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). winter wet. H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADZ4–9 ADZ5–7
366
ADZ5–9
Aster alpinus Edraianthus serpyllifolius
Clump-forming, spreading perennial Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
with lance-shaped, dark green leaves. tight mats of tiny leaves and small,
Bears daisylike, purplish-blue or bell-shaped, deep violet flowers, borne
pink-purple flower heads, with yellow on short stems in early summer. Seldom
centers, from mid- to late summer. sets seed in gardens. H 1⁄2in (1cm),
H 6in (15cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). S to 2in (5cm).
ADZ4–8 ADZ7–9
rock plants
Thymus ‘Peter Davis’ Viola ‘Nellie Britton’ Campanula carpatica var. tubinata
Evergreen, aromatic, mound-forming Clump-forming perennial with ‘Jewel’
subshrub with fine, twiggy stems and small, ovate, toothed leaves and Low-growing, clump-forming perennial
narrow leaves fringed with white hairs. flat-faced, lavender-pink flowers with mid-green, toothed leaves on
Bears dense heads of small, pinkish- borne from late spring to late branching stems. Bright, purple-blue,
purple flowers with purple bracts in summer. Soil should not be too dry. upturned, bell-shaped flowers are borne
summer. H 4–5in (10–12cm), S 6in (15cm). H 3–6in (8–15cm), S to 8in (20cm). over several months in summer.
H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
ADZ6–9 ADZ5–11
AEZ4–7
Phlox subulata ‘Emerald Cushion’ Campanula poscharskyana Globularia meridionalis
Evergreen perennial with emerald- Rampant, spreading perennial with Evergreen, dome-shaped subshrub.
green mounds of fine leaves, studded bell-shaped, violet flowers borne on In summer, globular, fluffy, lavender
in late spring and early summer with leafy stems in summer. Leaves are round to lavender-purple flower heads are
large, saucer-shaped, bright violet- with serrated edges. Vigorous runners borne singly just above glossy leaves.
blue flowers. Trim after flowering. make it suitable for a bank or a wild H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm).
H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm). garden. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S indefinite.
ADZ3–8 ADZ3–9 ADZ5–7 367
SMALL
SUMMER
PURPLE
Campanula portenschlagiana Campanula x pulloides ‘G.F. Wilson’
(Dalmation bellflower) Neat, mound-forming perennial with
Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate perennial large, upturned, bell-shaped, violet
with dense mats of small, ivy-shaped flowers in summer. Has rounded, pale
leaves and large clusters of erect, open yellow-green leaves. H 3–4in (8–10cm),
bell-shaped, violet flowers in summer. S 5–6in (12–15cm).
H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
ADZ4–7 ADZ4–7
rock plants
Viola ‘Huntercombe Purple’ Pinguicula grandiflora Aquilegia jonesii
Perennial forming wide clumps of neat, Clump-forming perennial with a basal Compact perennial that bears short-
ovate, toothed leaves. Bears a profusion rosette of sticky, ovate, pale green leaves. spurred, violet-blue flowers in summer,
of flat-faced, rich violet flowers from In summer, produces spurred, open a few to each slender stem. Has small
spring to late summer. Divide clumps funnel-shaped, violet-blue to purple rosettes of finely divided, blue-gray
every 3 years. H 4–6in (10–15cm), flowers singly on upright, slender stems. or gray-green leaves. Suitable for an
S 6–12in (15–30cm) or more. H 5–6in (12–15cm), S 2in (5cm). alpine house only. H 1in (25cm),
S to 2in (5cm).
ADZ5–7 AFZ3–5
ADZ4–8t
Prunella grandiflora Campanula ‘Birch Hybrid’ Edraianthus pumilio
(Large self-heal) Vigorous, evergreen perennial with Short-lived perennial with low tufts of
Semievergreen, spreading, mat-forming tough, arching, prostrate stems and fine, grasslike leaves. In early summer,
perennial with basal rosettes of leaves. ivy-shaped, bright green leaves. Bears upturned, bell-shaped, pale to deep
In midsummer, bears short spikes of many open bell-shaped, deep violet lavender flowers, on very short stems,
funnel-shaped, purple flowers in whorls. flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), are produced amid foliage. H 1in (25cm),
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm) or more. S 3in (8cm).
368 ADZ4–7 ADZ6–8
AEZ5–7
BLUE
Cyananthus microphyllus Ramonda myconi Campanula cochleariifolia
Mat-forming perennial with very fine, Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial (Fairy thimbles)
red stems clothed in tiny leaves. Bears with hairy, crinkled leaves and, in late Spreading perennial. Runners produce
funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers at spring and early summer, flat, blue- mats of rosetted, tiny, round leaves.
the end of each stem in late summer. mauve, pink or white flowers, borne Bears small clusters of white, lavender,
Likes humus-rich soil. H 3⁄4in (2cm), on branched stems. H 3in (8cm), or pale blue flowers in summer on many
S 8in (20cm). S to 4in (10cm). thin stems above foliage. H 3in (8cm),
S indefinite.
BDZ5–7 CEZ5–7
ADZ5–7
rock plants
Townsendia grandiflora Sisyrinchium idahoense Pratia pedunculata
Short-lived, evergreen perennial with Semievergreen, upright, clump-forming Vigorous, evergreen, creeping perennial
basal rosettes of small, spoon-shaped perennial that for a long period in with small leaves and a profusion
leaves. Upright stems bear solitary summer and early fall has many of star-shaped, pale to mid-blue or
daisylike, violet or violet-blue flower flowering stems bearing tiny tufts of occasionally purplish-blue flowers
heads in late spring and early summer. irislike, blue to violet-blue flowers. borne in summer. Makes good
H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Foliage is grasslike. Self-seeds readily. groundcover in a moist site. H 1⁄2in (1cm),
H to 5in (12cm), S 4in (10cm). S indefinite.
AEZ4–7
ADZ7–8 CEZ5–7
Polygala calcarea ‘Lillet’ Hedyotis michauxii Globularia cordifolia Trachelium asperuloides
Evergreen, prostrate, very compact (Creeping bluets) Evergreen, mat-forming, dwarf shrub Mat-forming perennial with threadlike
perennial with rosettes of small, Vigorous perennial with rooting stems. with creeping, woody stems clothed in stems clothed in minute, mid-green
narrowly ovate leaves and loose heads of Produces mats of mid-green foliage tiny, ovate leaves. Bears stemless, round, leaves, above which rise many tiny,
bright blue flowers in spring and early studded with star-shaped, violet-blue fluffy, blue to pale lavender-blue flower upright, tubular, pale blue flowers in
summer. Likes humus-rich soil. Suits a flowers in late spring and early summer. heads in summer. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), summer. Do not remove old stems in
trough. H 1in (25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm). S to 8in (20cm). winter. H 3in (8cm), S to 6in (15cm).
ADZ7–9 CEZ3–8 ADZ5–7 ADZ8–13 369
GENTIANS G. saxosa SMALL
Although there are gentians (Gentiana) large enough to hold their SUMMER
own in the herbaceous border, most are low-growing, deciduous BLUE
or evergreen perennials, best suited to rock gardens, where they
can form spreading mats. Flowering between spring and fall, Eritrichium nanum
they are renowned for their vivid blue, trumpet-shaped flowers, Clump-forming perennial with tufts
which are produced in pale shades (see as those of G. ‘Strathmore’) of hairy, gray-green leaves. Bears small,
to intensely dark ones (such as G. acaulis), although there are also stemless, flat, pale blue flowers in late
white and yellow-flowered forms. All require a cool position, spring and early summer. Requires
sheltered from hot summer sun. Most need light, rich, moist but sharp drainage. Only suitable for an
well-drained neutral soil; fall-flowering species and cultivars, such alpine house. H 3⁄4in (2cm), S 1in (25cm).
as G. sino-ornata, require acidic conditions to thrive. Protect from
slugs and snails, particularly in spring. ADZ5–7
G. ‘Ettrick’
G. ‘Strathmore’ G. ‘Soutra’ G. ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’ Parochetus communis
(Shamrock pea)
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
cloverlike leaves and pealike, brilliant
blue flowers that are borne almost
continuously. Grows best in an alpine
house. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite.
BDZ8–11
G. ‘Blue Silk’ G. ‘Shot Silk’
370 G. x macaulayi ‘Wells’s Variety’ Polygala calcarea
G. acaulis Evergreen, prostrate, occasionally
G. ‘Inverleith’ upright, perennial. Has small, narrowly
ovate leaves and pale to dark blue
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Likes humus-rich soil. Suits a trough.
May be difficult to establish. H 1in
(25cm), S to 6in (15cm).
ADZ7–9
G. sino-ornata
GREEN YELLOW
Polygala chamaebuxus
Evergreen, woody-based perennial
with tiny, hard, dark green leaves.
In late spring and early summer, bears
many racemes of small, pealike,
white-and-yellow flowers, sometimes
marked brown. Needs humus-rich soil.
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).
BDZ6–9
rock plants
Mitella breweri Asarina procumbens Sedum acre
Neat, clump-forming, rhizomatous Semievergreen perennial with (Biting stonecrop, Common stonecrop)
perennial with slender, hairy stems trailing stems bearing soft, hairy Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
bearing small, pendent, tubular, leaves and tubular, pale cream flowers, with dense, spreading shoots and tiny,
greenish-white flowers, with flared with yellow palates, throughout summer. fleshy, pale green leaves. Bears flat,
mouths, in summer. Has lobed, Dislikes winter wet. Self-seeds freely. terminal heads of tiny, yellow summer
kidney-shaped, green basal leaves. H 1⁄2–1in (1–2.5cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm). flowers. Invasive but easily controlled.
H and S 6in (15cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite.
ADZ6–9
CEZ5–7 ADZ3–8t
1–2cm (
Gunnera magellanica Sedum acre ‘Aureum’ Calceolaria tenella Oxalis perdicaria 371
Mat-forming perennial, grown for its Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate Clump-forming perennial with woolly-
rounded, toothed leaves, often bronze- with spreading shoots, yellow-tipped perennial with creeping, reddish coated tubers. Mid-green leaves have
tinged when young, on short, creeping in spring and early summer, clothed stems and ovate, mid-green leaves, up to 5 rounded lobes. Produces racemes
stems. Small, green, unisexual flowers, in tiny, fleshy, yellow leaves. Has above which rise small spikes of of widely funnel-shaped, bright yellow
with reddish-bracts, are borne on male flat heads of tiny, yellow flowers in pouch-shaped, red-spotted, yellow flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) across, in late
and female plants. Likes peaty soil. summer. Invasive but easy to control. flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), summer and fall. H 2in (5cm), S 3–4in
H 1in (25cm), S to 12in (30cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S to 9in (23cm). S indefinite. (8–10cm).
BEZ8–9 ADZ3–8t AEZ7–8 ADZ8–9
SMALL
SUMMER
YELLOW
Waldsteinia ternata Potentilla aurea
Semievergreen perennial with loose, Rounded perennial, with a woody base,
spreading mats of toothed, 3-parted that in late summer bears loose sprays
leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, yellow of flat, single, yellow flowers with
flowers in late spring and early slightly darker eyes. Leaves are divided
summer. Good on a bank. H 4in (10cm), into ovate, slightly silvered leaflets.
S 8–12in (20–30cm). H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADZ3–8 ADZ5–8
rock plants
Lysimachia nummularia ‘Aurea’ Linum flavum ‘Compactum’ Oenothera macrocarpa
(Golden creeping Jenny) Shrubby perennial with narrow Spreading perennial with sturdy stems
Prostrate perennial. Creeping, rooting leaves and terminal clusters of many and ovate leaves. Throughout summer
stems bear pairs of round, soft yellow upward-facing, open funnel-shaped, bears a succession of wide, bell-shaped,
leaves, which later turn greenish-yellow single, bright yellow flowers in yellow flowers, sometimes spotted red,
or green in dense shade. Produces summer. Provide a sunny, sheltered that open at sundown. H to 4in (10cm),
bright yellow flowers in leaf axils in position and protection from winter S to 16in (40cm) or more.
summer. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite. wet. H and S 6in (15cm).
ADZ5–8
ADZ4–8 ADZ5–7
372 Scutellaria orientalis Potentilla eriocarpa Cytisus ardoinoi Calceolaria ‘Walter Shrimpton’
Rhizomatous perennial with hairy, Clump-forming perennial with tufts Deciduous, hummock-forming, dwarf Evergreen, mound-forming
gray, rooting stems. Bears terminal of ovate, dark green leaves divided into shrub with arching stems. In late spring perennial with glossy, dark green
spikes of tubular, yellow flowers, with leaflets. Flat, single, pale yellow flowers and early summer, pealike, bright leaves. In early summer, bears
purple-tinted basal bracts, in summer. are borne throughout summer just yellow flowers are produced in pairs short spikes of many pouch-shaped,
Leaves are toothed and ovate. May be above leaves. H 2–3in (5–8cm), in leaf axils. Leaves are divided into bronze-yellow flowers, spotted rich
invasive in a small space. H 2–4in S 4–6in (10–15cm). 3 leaflets. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). brown, with white bands across
(5–10cm), S to 9in (23cm). centers. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm).
ADZ6–8 ADZ6–8t
ADZ5–8 AEZ8–9
FALL
RED
Hypericum cerastioides
Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with
upright and arching branches. Leaves
are ovate, hairy, and soft grayish-green.
In late spring and early summer, bears
masses of saucer-shaped, bright yellow
flowers in terminal clusters. H 6in
(15cm) or more, S 16–20in (40–50cm).
ADZ6–9
rock plants
Papaver fauriei Hippocrepis comosa Persicaria vacciniifolia
Short-lived, clump-forming perennial (Horseshoe vetch) Evergreen, perennial with woody,
with basal rosettes of finely cut, hairy, Vigorous perennial with prostrate, red stems. Leaves are tinged red in fall.
soft gray leaves. Bears pendent, open rooting stems bearing open spikes Bears deep pink or rose-red flowers in
cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers in of pealike, yellow flowers in summer and late summer and fall. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
summer. Dislikes winter wet. leaves divided into leaflets. Self-seeds S to 12in (30cm).
H and S 2–4in (5–10cm). freely and may spread rapidly. H 2–3in
(5–8cm), S indefinite. AEZ8–11t
ADZ5–7
ADZ5–7
Genista sagittalis Nertera granadensis (Bead plant) Gaultheria procumbens 373
Deciduous, semiprostrate shrub with Prostrate perennial with dense mats Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with
winged stems bearing a few ovate, dark of tiny, bright green leaves. In early prostrate stems bearing clusters of
green leaves. Pealike, yellow flowers are summer, bears minute, greenish-white ovate, leathery leaves that turn red in
borne in dense, terminal clusters in early flowers, then many shiny, orange or winter. In summer, solitary bell-shaped,
summer, followed by hairy seed pods. red, occasionally white berries. Needs pink-flushed, white flowers are produced
H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. ample moisture in summer. H to 1⁄2in in leaf axils, followed by scarlet berries.
(1cm), S 4in (10cm). H 2–6in (5–15cm), S indefinite.
ADZ5–8
BDZ9–11 BEMZ3–8t
SMALL GRAY
WINTER/ALL YEAR
RED
Sedum lydium Acaena microphylla Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Nana’
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Compact, mat-forming perennial, Prostrate perennial with fernlike,
reddish stems and narrow, fleshy, often usually evergreen, with leaves divided silver foliage. Bears insignificant
red-flushed leaves. Bears flat-topped, into tiny leaflets, bronze-tinged when sprays of daisylike, yellow flowers
terminal clusters of tiny, white flowers young. Heads of small flowers with in summer. Suitable for a wall or
in summer. H 2in (5cm), S to 6in (15cm). spiny, dull red bracts are borne in bank. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm).
summer and develop into decorative
ADZ5–8t burs. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). ADZ5–8
ADZ6–8
rock plants
Sedum obtusatum Raoulia hookeri var. albosericea
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
small, fat, succulent leaves that turn tiny rosettes of silver leaves. Flower
bronze-red in summer. Loose, flat heads are produced briefly in summer as
sprays of tiny, bright yellow flowers fragrant, yellow fluff. Best in poor, gritty
are borne in summer. Dislikes summer humus in an alpine house. Dislikes
wet. H 2in (5cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). winter wet. H to 1⁄2in (1cm), S 10in (25cm).
ADZ5–9t ADZ8–9
Jovibarba hirta Sedum spathulifolium Acaena caesiiglauca
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Vigorous, groundcover perennial,
with rosettes of hairy, mid-green leaves, rosettes of fleshy, green or silver leaves, usually evergreen. Has hairy, glaucous
often suffused red, and terminal clusters usually strongly suffused bronze-red, blue leaves divided into leaflets. Heads
of star-shaped, pale yellow flowers in and small clusters of tiny, yellow flowers of small flowers with spiny, brownish-
summer. Dislikes winter wet. H 3–6in borne just above foliage in summer. green bracts, borne in summer, develop
(8–15cm), S 4in (10cm). Tolerates shade. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. into brownish-red burs. H 2in (5cm),
S 30in (75cm) or more.
374 ADZ5–9t
ADZ6–9
ADZ5–8
GREEN
Arabis procurrens ‘Variegata’
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
small, ovate, green leaves, splashed with
cream. Bears small, white flowers in
spring and early summer. May revert
to type, with plain green leaves.
H 3⁄4in (2cm), S 12in (30cm).
ADZ3–7
rock plants
Paronychia kapela subsp. serpyllifolia Asarum europaeum (European wild Trifolium repens ‘Purpurascens’ Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ‘Point Reyes’
Evergreen, very compact, mat-forming ginger) Vigorous, semievergreen, ground- Evergreen, prostrate shrub with
perennial with minute, silver leaves. Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate, cover perennial, grown for its divided, long shoots and glossy leaves. In late
Inconspicuous flowers, borne in rhizomatous perennial with large, bronze-green foliage, variably edged spring and early summer, bears terminal
summer, are surrounded by papery, kidney-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves bright green. Produces heads of small, clusters of urn-shaped, pale pink to
silver bracts. Good for covering tufa. that hide tiny, brown flowers produced pealike, white blooms in summer. Suits a white flowers, followed by red berries.
H to 1⁄2in (1cm), S 8in (20cm). in spring. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. wild bank. H in flower 3–5in (8–12cm), H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).
S 8–12in (20–30cm) or more.
ADZ6–10 CEZ4–8 ADMZ2–6
ADZ4–8
Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’ Pachysandra terminalis Sempervivum ciliosum 375
Evergreen perennial with rosettes of Evergreen, creeping perennial that Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
fleshy leaves, frequently suffused purple. has smooth leaves clustered at the ends rosettes of hairy, gray-green leaves and,
Tiny, yellow flowers are borne above of short stems. Bears spikes of tiny, in summer, heads of small, star-shaped,
foliage in summer. Tolerates shade. white flowers, sometimes flushed purple, yellow flowers. Dislikes winter wet; best
H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. in early summer. Makes excellent grown in an alpine house. H 3–4in
groundcover in a moist or dry site. (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm).
ADZ5–9t H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADZ7–11
CDZ4–8
SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
GREEN
Raoulia australis
Evergreen, carpeting perennial forming
a hard mat of gray-green leaves. Bears
tiny, fluffy, sulfur-yellow flower heads in
summer. H to 1⁄2in (1cm), S 10in (25cm).
ADZ8–9
rock plants
Azorella trifurcata Raoulia haastii Sagina procumbens ‘Boydii‘
Evergreen perennial forming tight, hard Evergreen perennial forming low, Evergreen perennial with hard cushions
cushions of tiny, leathery, ovate leaves in irregular hummocks of minute leaves of minute, stiff, bottle-green leaves in
rosettes. Bears many small, stalkless that are apple-green in spring, dark small rosettes. Bears insignificant
umbels of yellow flowers in summer. green in fall, and chocolate-brown flowers in summer. Slow-growing.
H to 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). in winter. Occasionally bears small, H 1⁄2in (1cm), S to 8in (20cm).
fluffy, yellow flower heads in summer.
ADZ6–7 H to 1⁄2in (1cm), S 10in (25cm). AEZ5–7
ADZ7–8
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Plantago nivalis Bolax gummifer
Evergreen, low-growing shrub with Evergreen perennial with neat rosettes Very slow-growing, evergreen perennial
arching, intertwining stems clothed in of thick, silver-haired, green leaves. with neat rosettes of small, blue-green
small, ovate, bright green leaves. Bears Bears spikes of insignificant, dull gray leaves forming extremely hard cushions.
urn-shaped, pinkish-white flowers in flowers in summer. Dislikes winter wet. Insignificant, yellow flowers are rarely
summer followed by scarlet berries. H in leaf 1in (25cm), S 2in (5cm). produced. Grows well on tufa.
H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm). H 1in (25cm), S 4in (10cm).
376 ADZ6–7 ADZ5–6
ADMZ2–6
YELLOW HOUSELEEKS
The main attraction of houseleeks (Sempervivum) is their
colorful rosettes of leaves. These range from bright yellow
through various shades of green, gray, pink, purple, red, and
orange to almost black. The leaves may be dull or glossy, or
covered with soft down or longer hairs. Leaf shape can also
vary from short and succulent to long and tapering. The
rosettes are most striking in the spring and summer, but even
in the winter, many varieties remain attractively colored. It is
the endless range of different leaf shapes, shades, and
textures that make this group so interesting to enthusiasts.
Houseleeks do not like damp or shaded conditions, but thrive
in well-drained soil in full sun. They are ideal for pots or sink
gardens on a south-facing patio, or can be planted out in
rockeries or in the crevices of stone walls.
S. calcareum
S. ‘Rosie’ S. calcareum ‘Extra’
Phedimus kamtschaticum ‘Variegata’ S. ‘Blood Tip’ S. tectorum S. arachnoideum
Semievergreen, prostrate perennial S. giuseppii
with fleshy, cream-edged leaves. Has
fleshy stems and leaf buds in winter
and loose, terminal clusters of orange-
flushed, yellow flowers in early fall.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADZ3–8t
S. montanum
Saxifraga exarata subsp. moschata S. ‘Gulle Dame’ 377
‘Cloth of Gold’ S. ‘Gallivarda’
Evergreen hummock-forming
perennial with small, soft rosettes of
bright golden foliage; produces best
color in shade. Bears star-shaped, white
flowers on slender stems in summer.
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm).
BEZ5–7
S. ‘Kappa’
BULBS
Bulbous plants are found throughout the world in habitats as
diverse as woodland and scrub, meadows, river banks, the edges
of streams, and rocky hills and mountains. There are bulbs to
suit every garden site and design—from the tiny Iris danfordiae
for a rock garden, to daffodils and tulips in beds and borders,
and carpeting erythroniums or the statuesque Cardiocrinum
giganteum for a woodland garden. Most have a distinct flowering
season, yet with careful planning it is possible to extend or
enhance this period of interest. The majority bloom in spring or
early summer, producing splashes of color before many shrubs
and perennials reach their peak; others (such as snowdrops)
provide a late winter display, while colchicums, cyclamen, and
some crocuses will brighten a fall day.
BULBS
Embracing a wide range of decorative plants, bulbs provide exciting SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
effects throughout the year, with large drifts of snowdrops in late winter,
daffodils and tulips in spring, the exquisite perfume of lilies and vibrant Large Medium Small
dahlia colors in summer, and the spidery flowers of nerines in fall. over 30in 9–30in up to 9in
(75cm) (23–75cm) (23cm)
bulbs BULB DEFINITIONS What are bulbs? the following year, which is why the foliage
must not be cut down after flowering, but
Bulbs are divided into smaller plant The term bulb can be used to describe all allowed to wither naturally.
categories, including true bulbs, corms, and swollen, underground, food-storage organs,
tubers. All of these swollen, underground, and includes true bulbs as well as corms, When below ground, bulbs are described
food-storage organs help the bulb to survive rhizomes, and tubers. True bulbs have fleshy as dormant but they are, in fact, ripening
periods of drought. scales—modified leaves or leaf bases—that and developing the following year’s flowers,
overlap and are often enclosed in a papery and must be planted in a suitable site to
Bulb tunic, as in narcissi, or they may be naked thrive. Bulbs that originate from dry, hot
A true bulb is a storage organ made up of and loosely arranged like lily bulbs. climates, such as nerines and watsonias,
stems and fleshy leaves inside. Examples include need warm, dry conditions when dormant
daffodils, tulips, and eucomis (above). Corms are compressed and enlarged to aid ripening and flower formation, while
stem bases, usually enclosed in a fibrous or those from woodland or other damp,
papery tunic, as in the crocus. Each corm shaded habitats, such as bluebells
lasts 1 year, and is replaced by a new one (Hyacinthoides) and snowdrops (Galanthus)
after flowering. Tubers, such as cyclamen, require a cool, slightly moist spot.
are solid, underground sections of modified
stems or roots and seldom possess scales or Designing with bulbs
tunics. Rhizomes are modified stems that
creep at or just below soil level, and may be There are bulbs to suit all garden designs
thin and wiry or swollen and fleshy. and planting styles. They range in size from
the tiny Iris danfordiae and fall daffodil
A few bulbs are evergreen, but most (Sternbergia lutea), both suitable for a scree
grow and bloom during a short season, or rock garden, to carpeting erythroniums
then die back to below ground level. for the dappled shade of a woodland
Their leaves produce the food store for garden, midrange alliums and tulips for
a hot, sunny border, and tall, slender, regal
BELOW Carpets of spring color lilies that produce highly scented flowers
A selection of daffodils has been naturalized in on stems up to 6ft (1.8m) in height. The
the grass beneath silver birches and spring-flowering
trees, creating a sea of nodding yellow flowers.
Corm
Swollen stems that have adapted to store
food are known as corms. They appear solid
throughout, and include crocuses (above).
380 Tuber
Tuberous plants have swollen underground roots
or stems. Examples include cyclamen, dahlias,
(above), and begonias.
flower forms also lend themselves to LAYERING BULBS IN CONTAINERS
certain garden styles. Tulips with sculptural
cupped flowers planted en masse and the Pots brimming with spring bulbs lift the spirits after a long winter, but you need
sharp flower shapes of many dahlias are to plan ahead to create the most spectacular displays. In fall, look out for
ideal for formal schemes, while the looser bulbs at garden centers or in mail-order catalogs, and check flowering times
flower forms of nectaroscordums and for a synchronized display of tulips, daffodils, and grape hyacinths (Muscari).
turkscap lilies, and arching spikes of
crocosmias, create an informal look. Turf A multicolored display 1 Plant in layers 2 Cover the bulbs
spangled with crocuses or snake’s-head In fall, place crocks Now place the next layer
fritillaries (Fritillaria meleagris) mimics at the bottom of a large pot of bulbs, such as tulips, between
their wild habitat and provides early and add a 2in (5cm) layer the daffodil bulbs, and cover with
color in naturalistic schemes. of gravel. Then add a layer of more potting compost. Finally, add
good quality compost. Place small bulbs, like grape hyacinths,
Bulbs add seasonal color and interest the largest bulbs, for example on this top layer, and cover with
to mixed borders with annuals, shrubs, and daffodils, on the surface and compost. Press down lightly with
perennials. Daffodils (Narcissus), crown cover with more compost so your hands, and leave the pot in
imperials (Fritillaria imperialis), alliums, that the tips are just visible. a sheltered, sunny spot.
and dahlias all blend well with other types
of planting. Unscented lilies make good Summer-flowering bulbs, such as Galtonia spectacle is over, select fall-flowering bulbs
partners for scented roses, while exotic- candicans, most alliums, the Peruvian nerines, crocuses, colchicums, and
looking cannas and alstroemerias add spice daffodil (Hymenocallis naricissiflora), and cyclamen, and to end the year’s display, use
to a tropical design. If you can’t squeeze ornithogalums offer colorful highlights. Cyclamen hederifolium, whose marbled
bulbs into your border, many are perfectly foliage often persists into winter.
at home in containers and baskets. These are followed in late summer by
gladioli, crinums, dahlias, and crocosmias, For scented bulbs, choose hyacinths,
Year-round interest which may continue to bloom into the fall bluebells, and scented daffodils for spring,
until the frosts arrive. When the summer and lilies and crinums for summer displays.
Choose carefully, and you can have a bulb
in flower for most of the year. The first to
appear in late winter are the snowdrops
(Galanthus) and winter aconites (Eranthis),
while early narcissus, muscari, crocuses,
scillas, chionodoxas, dwarf iris, and
Anemone blanda mark the onset of spring.
In mid-spring, fill your garden with
vibrant yellow daffodils and bright
tulips, or opt for the same plants in pastel
shades—the choice is vast for both genera.
NATURALIZING BULBS BULB PLANTING PLANNER
You can create spectacular effects by Type of bulb Planting time Planting depth Preferred conditions
naturalizing bulbs in a lawn or under trees. Agapanthus spring 4in (10cm) Full sun in moist, but well drained soil
Choose robust plants, such as snowdrops, Allium fall 2–6in (5–15cm) Full sun in moist, but well drained soil
daffodils, and crocuses, which are able to Colchicum late summer 4in (10cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
compete with trees roots and grass. To Crocus (spring) fall 3in (8cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
achieve a natural, random effect, toss the Crocus (fall) late summer 3in (8cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
bulbs in the air and plant them individually Cyclamen fall 4in (10cm) Partial shade in well-drained soil
where they fall. For each bulb, dig out a small Galanthus early fall 1–2in (2.5–5cm) Full sun or partial shade in moist soil that
plug of soil and turf, two to three times the does not dry out in summer
depth of the bulb. After flowering, when the Hyacinthus Full sun or partial shade in moist, well-drained soil
leaves have died, mow the grass. Lilium Full sun or partial shade; most prefer acid to
neutral, well-drained soil
Muscari fall 4in (10cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
Narcissus fall 4–6in (10–15cm) Sun or partial shade in any reasonable,
well-drained garden soil
Tulipa fall 2in (5cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
fall 4–6in (10–15cm)
late fall 3–6in (8–15cm) 381
LARGE PURPLE YELLOW
SPRING
WHITE
Fritillaria persica
Spring-flowering bulb with narrow,
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves along
stem. Produces a spike of 10–20 or
more narrow, bell-shaped, black-
or brownish-purple flowers, 5⁄8–3⁄4in
(1.5–2cm) long. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4in (10cm).
ADZ6–8
bulbs
Ornithogalum magnum Fritillaria imperialis ‘Lutea’
Late spring-flowering bulb with Spring-flowering bulb with whorls
linear, gray-green basal leaves. of lance-shaped, shiny, light green
Produces upright, pyramid-shaped leaves and a head of up to 8 pendent,
racemes of small, star-shaped, white bell-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
flowers, with a green stripe on the to 2in (6cm) long, crowned by a tuft
reverse. H 24–32in (60–80cm), of small, leaflike bracts. H 3ft (1m),
S 4in (10cm). S 10in (25cm).
ADZ5–9t ADZ5–9
Fritillaria verticillata Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’ Allium aflatunense Fritillaria raddeana
Spring-flowering bulb with slender Robust, late spring-flowering bulb Late spring-flowering bulb with Robust, spring-flowering bulb with
leaves in whorls up the stem, which with lance-shaped, gray-green leaves strap-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. lance-shaped leaves in whorls on
bears a loose spike of 1–15 bell-shaped, on sturdy, upright stems. Produces Dense, spherical, terminal umbels of lower half of stem. Has a head of up
white flowers, 3⁄4–11⁄2in (2–4cm) long and a terminal raceme of 10–30 pendent, small, star-shaped, lilac-purple flowers to 20 widely conical, pale or greenish-
checkered green or brown. H to 3ft (1m), bell-shaped, creamy-white to green- are borne on sturdy stems. Seedheads yellow flowers, 11⁄4–11⁄2in (3–4cm) long,
S 3–4in (8–10cm). white flowers. H 30–39in (75–100cm), may be dried for decorative use. topped by a “crown” of small leaves.
S 4in (10cm). H 32in (80cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 6–9in (15–23cm).
382
ADZ6–8 ADZ4–8 ADZ6–9
BDZ6–8
ORANGE SUMMER
WHITE
Crinum x powellii ‘Album’
Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb,
with a long neck, producing a group of
semierect, strap-shaped leaves. Leafless
flower stems bear heads of fragrant,
widely funnel-shaped, white flowers.
H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ7–10t
bulbs
Fritillaria imperialis (Crown imperial) Crinum moorei
Spring-flowering bulb with glossy, pale Summer-flowering bulb with a long
green leaves carried in whorls on leafy neck, up to 3ft (1m) tall, and strap-
stems. Bears up to 5 widely bell-shaped, shaped, semierect, gray-green leaves.
orange flowers crowned by small, Leafless flower stems bear heads of
leaflike bracts. H to 5ft (1.5cm), S 9–12in long-tubed, funnel-shaped, white to
(23–30cm). deep pink flowers. H 20–28in (50–70cm),
S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ5–9
ADZ7–9t
Fritillaria recurva (Scarlet fritillary) Camassia leichtlinii subsp. leichtlinii Gladiolus murielae Galtonia candicans 383
Spring-flowering bulb with whorls Tuft-forming bulb with long, Midsummer-flowering corm with a (Summer hyacinth)
of narrow, lance-shaped, gray-green narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each loose spike of up to 10 sweetly scented, Late summer- or fall-flowering
leaves. Bears a spike of up to 10 narrow, leafless stem bears a dense spike of hooded, funnel-shaped, maroon-eyed, bulb with wide strap-shaped, fleshy,
yellow-checkered, orange–red flowers. 6-petaled, star-shaped, bluish-violet pure white flowers. Has linear, pleated semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
H to 30in (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). or white flowers, 11⁄2–3in (4–8cm) leaves. Good for cutting. H 32in (80cm), Leafless stem bears a spike of up to 30
across, in summer. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2in (5cm). pendent, short-tubed, white flowers.
ADZ6–9 S 8–12in (20–30cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 7–9in (18–23cm).
ADZ8–10
AEZ4–11 ADZ7–10
GLADIOLI G. ‘Her Majesty’
[Grandiflorus Group]
Comprising about 180 species, with more than 10,000
hybrids and cultivars for garden cultivation, exhibiting, and
cutting, gladioli are prized for their showy spikes of usually
open, funnel-shaped flowers. Gladiolus hybrids are divided
into the Grandiflorus Group, with long, densely packed
flower spikes, categorized as miniature, small, medium-
sized, large, or giant, according to the width of the lowest
flowers, and the Primulinus and Nanus Groups, which have
loose spikes of small flowers. Plant gladioli in borders or
pots for late spring to early fall displays, and store corms
in a frost-free place over winter. In cold areas, grow them
by a sheltered, sunny wall; winter-flowering South African
gladioli require a cool greenhouse. For more information
see the Plant Dictionary.
G. ‘Purple Flora’
[Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘Columbine’ G. ‘Velvet Eyes’ G. ‘Blue Frost’
[Primulinus Group] [Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘White Prosperity’ G. ‘Impressive’ [Nanus Group] G. ‘Nova Lux’
[Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘The Bride’ G. ‘Sancerre’ G. ‘Morning Gold’ G. ‘Zorro’ G. ‘Peter Pears’
[Nanus Group] [Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘Wine and Roses’
[Grandiflorus Group]
384 G. ‘Oscar’ [Grandiflorus Group] G. ‘Stella’ [Grandiflorus Group] G. ‘Drama’ [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘Nymph’ [Nanus Group]
LARGE PINK
SUMMER
WHITE
Allium ‘Mount Everest’ Crinum x powellii
Late spring to early summer-flowering Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb
bulb with sturdy stems bearing spherical with a long neck producing a group of
umbels, 5–6in (12–15cm) across, of tiny strap-shaped, semierect leaves. Leafless
star-shaped, white flowers, with green flower stems bear heads of fragrant,
stamens. Basal strap-shaped, semierect, widely funnel-shaped, pink flowers.
leaves are grayish-green. H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
S 6in (15cm).
ADZ7–10t
ADZ4–9
bulbs
Nectaroscordum siculum
subsp. bulgaricum
Late spring- to early summer-flowering
bulb with pendent, bell-shaped, white
flowers, flushed purple-red and green.
In seed, stalks bend upward, holding
dry seed pods erect. H to 4ft (1.2m),
S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm).
BEZ6–10
Cardiocrinum giganteum (Giant lily) Polianthes tuberosa (Tuberose) Nomocharis pardanthina Watsonia meriana
Stout, leafy-stemmed bulb. In summer, Late summer-flowering, tuberous Summer-flowering bulb with stems Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bears long spikes of fragrant, slightly perennial. Sweetly scented, flared, bearing whorls of lance-shaped leaves corm with sword-shaped, erect leaves
pendent, cream flowers, 6in (15cm) funnel-shaped, white flowers are borne and up to 15 outward-facing, white at base, with smaller, sheathlike leaves
long, with purple-red streaks inside, above long, strap-shaped, upright, basal or pale pink flowers, each with purple on the stem. Produces a loose spike of
then brown seed pods. H to 10ft (3m), leaves. Keep tuber dry when dormant. blotches and a dark purple eye. trumpet-shaped flowers, 2–2½in (5–6cm)
S 21⁄2–31⁄2ft (75cm–1.1m). H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 5–6in (12–15cm). long, in bright pink to vivid orange or
red. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
BEZ7–9 ADZ8–11 BEZ7–9 385
ADZ9–10
LARGE RED
SUMMER
PINK
Dracunculus vulgaris (Dragon’s arum)
Spring- and summer-flowering tuber
with deeply divided leaves at the apex
of a thick, blotched stem. A blackish-
maroon spadix protrudes from a deep
maroon spathe, 14in (35cm) long.
H to 3ft (1m), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm).
ADZ8–10t
bulbs
Dierama pulcherrimum Watsonia pillansii Gloriosa superba ‘Rothschildiana’
Upright, summer-flowering Summer-flowering corm with long, (Glory lily)
corm with long, narrow, straplike, sword-shaped, erect leaves, some Deciduous, summer-flowering, tuberous,
evergreen leaves, above which basal and some on stem. Stem tendril climber. Upper leaf axils each
rise elegant, arching, wiry stems bears a dense, branched spike of bear a large flower that has 6 reflexed,
bearing funnel-shaped, deep pink tubular, orange-red flowers, each red petals with scalloped, yellow edges.
flowers. Prefers deep, rich soil. 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) long, with 6 short H to 6ft (2m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm).
H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). lobes. H to 3ft (1m), S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC).
AEZ8–10 ADZ11–13 ADZ8–10t
386 Notholirion campanulatum Watsonia borbonica Scadoxus multiflorus Dahlia ‘Hillcrest Royal’
Early summer-flowering bulb with Very robust, summer-flowering corm subsp. katherinae (Blood flower) Medium-flowered cactus dahlia
long, narrow leaves in a basal tuft. with narrowly sword-shaped leaves Very robust, clump-forming bulb producing rich purple flowers,
Leafy stem bears a spike of 10–40 both at base and on stem. Produces with lance-shaped, wavy-edged with incurving petals, borne on
pendent, funnel-shaped flowers, each a loose, branched spike of rich pink leaves. Bears an umbel of up to 200 strong stems in summer–fall.
11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) long, with green-tipped, flowers, with 6 spreading, pointed, red flowers in summer. H to 4ft (1.2m), H 31⁄2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
deep rose-purple petals. H to 3ft (1m), rose-red lobes. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 11⁄2–2ft S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 3–4in (8–10cm). (45–60cm). ADZ9–11
BDZ14–15
BDZ7–10 ADZ11–13
ALSTROEMERIAS
Commonly known as the Peruvian lily, lily of the Incas,
or parrot lily, these South American tuberous perennials
are prized for their delicate, funnel-shaped blooms in
yellow, orange, pink, red, white, or purple, with decorative
markings in contrasting colors. They also have an
exceptionally long flowering season—from midsummer
to the first frosts—and make excellent cut flowers. Most
suppliers offer plants, rather than tubers, which are best
planted in spring after the late frosts in a sunny site and
free-draining soil, giving the roots time to establish before
winter. Although reasonably hardy, young plants are
vulnerable to cold, wet conditions—protect them in winter
with a thick mulch of well-rotted compost or manure.
A. PRINCESS JULIETA (‘Zaprijul’) t A. PRINCESS ARIANE (‘Zapriari’) t
A. ‘Friendship’ t
A. ‘Apollo’ t A. ‘Blushing Bride’ t
A. aurea ‘Orange King’ t
A. ‘Moulin Rouge’ t A. ‘Red Beauty’ t
387
A. INCA ICE (‘Koice’) t A. ‘Elvira’ t A. ‘Tara’ t A. INCA TROPIC (‘Kotrop’) t
LILIES L. ‘Casa Blanca’
L. martagon var. album
Lilies (Lilium species and cultivars) make elegant additions
to summer borders and containers. Their flamboyant flowers
range from nodding, upright, and trumpet-shaped forms to
turkscaps with recurved petals. The blooms are often spotted
with a darker or contrasting color, or have conspicuous
stamens. Many lilies have a powerful, sweet fragrance, most
notably the Oriental and Longiflorum hybrids, although a
few species are unpleasantly scented. The hybrids thrive
in sun and well-drained soil, and are available in a dazzling
array of colors, from white, pink, and red to shades of yellow
and orange. Lily species prefer partially shaded sites; some
also require acidic soil. Leave plants undisturbed once
established, as the bulbs are easily damaged. For more
information see the Plant Dictionary.
L. TRIUMPHATOR (‘Zanlophator’)
L. ‘White Heaven’
L. ‘Sterling Star’ L. ‘Mona Lisa’
L. auratum var. platyphyllum L. ‘Bonbini’ L. ‘Black Magic’
L. ‘Venezuela’ L. ‘Nymph’
388 L. ‘Arena’ L. regale L. ‘Altari’
L. longiflorum
L. ‘Tom Pouce’ L. ‘Côte d’Azur’
L. ‘Sumatra’
L. ‘Miss Lucy’ L. ‘Elodie’ L. ‘Starfighter’
L. cernuum
L. rubellum L. mackliniae
L. ‘Black Out’
L. ‘Sweet Lord’ L. ‘Netty’s Pride’
L. ‘Tigerwoods’
389
L. martagon L. lankongense L. ‘Journey’s End’
L. canadense
L. ‘Conca d’Or’ L. pyrenaicum L. ‘Bright Star’ L. leichtlinii
L. ‘Roma’ L. superbum L. rosthornii L. Citronella Group
L. ‘Connecticut King’
L. medeoloides L. pardalinum subsp. wigginsii
390 L. monadelphum L. ‘Boogie Woogie’
L. regale ‘Royal Gold’
L. ‘Blizzard’ L. ‘African Queen’
L. bulbiferum var. croceum L. henryi
L. hansonii L. pyrenaicum subsp. L. ‘Crimson Pixie’
pyrenaicum f. rubrum
L. ‘Orange Pixie’ L. ‘Grand Cru’ L. ‘Red Carpet’ L. tsingtauense
L. ‘Lady Bowes Lyon’ L. ‘Enchantment’ L. lancifolium ‘Splendens’ L. chalcedonicum
L. ‘Orange Electric’
391
L. pomponium L. ‘Karen North’ L. pardalinum L. ‘Gran Paradiso’
LARGE
SUMMER
PURPLE
Dierama pendulum
(Angel’s fishing rod)
Clump-forming, late summer-flowering
corm with arching, basal leaves.
Bears pendulous, loose racemes of
bell-shaped, pinkish-purple flowers, 1in
(2.5cm) long. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 6–8in
(15–20cm).
AEZ7–9
bulbs
Allium giganteum Allium ‘Globemaster’ Allium atropurpureum
Robust, summer-flowering bulb with Summer-flowering bulb with dense Summer-flowering bulb with compact,
long, wide, semierect, basal leaves. spherical umbels, 6–8in (15–20cm) domed umbels, 3in (8cm) across, of
Produces a stout stem with a dense, across, of small, star-shaped, deep violet small, star-shaped, deep red-purple
spherical umbel, 5in (12cm) across, of flowers. Produces strap-shaped, flowers borne from early to midsummer.
50 or more star-shaped, purple flowers. semierect, glossy, gray-green, basal Basal leaves are strap-shaped,
H to 6ft (2m), S 12–14in (30–35cm). leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 8in (20cm). semierect, and gray-green. H 32in
(80cm), S 4in (10cm).
ADZ6–10t ADZ6–10
ADZ4–7
Allium ‘Purple Sensation’ Allium ‘Gladiator’ Dichelostemma congestum
Early summer-flowering bulb with long, Summer-flowering bulb with long, Early summer-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green, strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green, semierect, basal leaves dying away
basal leaves. Produces spherical umbels basal leaves. Produces large, densely when a dense head of funnel-shaped,
of 50 or more star-shaped, rich purple packed, spherical umbels of star-shaped, purple flowers, each 5⁄8–3⁄4in (1.5–2cm)
flowers on sturdy stems in early summer. lilac-purple flowers on sturdy stems in long, is produced. H to 3ft (1m), S 3–4in
Good for cut flowers. H 32in (80cm), summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8in (20cm). (8–10cm).
S 3in (7cm).
392 ADZ5–9 ADZ6–10
ADZ4–9
BLUE GREEN YELLOW
Arisaema consanguineum
Summer-flowering tuber with robust,
spotted stems and erect, umbrellalike
leaves with narrow leaflets. Produces
purplish-white- or white-striped, green
spathes, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, and
bright red berries. H to 3ft (1m),
S 1–11⁄2ft (30–45cm).
BDZ5–9t
bulbs
Aristea capitata Lilium Golden Splendor Group
Robust, evergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, variable Division 6a lilies.
rhizome with sword-shaped, erect In midsummer, strong, sturdy stems
leaves, to (2.5cm) across, and produce umbels of large, scented,
dense spikes of purple-blue flowers shallowly trumpet-shaped, almost
on short stalks in summer. H to 3ft (1m), bowl-shaped flowers in shades of yellow
S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). with dark burgundy-red bands outside.
H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 1ft (30cm).
ADZ9–11
ADZ5–8
Neomarica caerulea Galtonia viridiflora Moraea huttonii Zantedeschia elliottiana 393
Summer-flowering rhizome with Clump-forming, summer-flowering Summer-flowering corm with long, (Golden arum lily)
sword-shaped, semierect leaves in bulb with widely strap-shaped, fleshy, narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Tough Summer-flowering tuber with heart-
basal fans. Stems each bear a leaflike semierect, basal, gray-green leaves. stem bears a succession of irislike, shaped, semierect, basal leaves with
bract and a succession of irislike, blue Leafless stem bears a spike of up to 30 yellow flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, transparent marks. Bears a 6in (15cm)
flowers, with white, yellow, and brown pendent, short-tubed, funnel-shaped, with brown marks near the center. long, yellow spathe surrounding a
central marks. H to 3ft (1m), S 3–5ft pale green flowers. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), H 21⁄2–3ft (75cm–1m), S 6–10in (15–25cm). yellow spadix. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
(1–1.5m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 7–9in (18–23cm). S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
ADZ9–10
BEZ10–11 ADZ8–10 ADZ8–10t
CANNAS
Grown as much for their dramatic foliage as for their
flamboyant flowers, cannas are ideal for lush, tropical
planting schemes, as an accent plant in a border, or as
a bold addition to container displays. Large paddle- or
broadly lance-shaped leaves are produced in a range of
colors, from green to dark maroon, and many are striped
or variegated, while the vibrant red, orange, or yellow
flowers bloom for many months from summer to early fall.
Plant these tender South American rhizomatic perennials
after the last frost in spring in fertile soil and full sun—they
require heat to flower well. In fall, cut down the stems and
leaves when frost blackens the foliage, and store the
rhizomes in a frost-free place over winter.
C. ‘Striata’ C. ‘Stuttgart’
C. ‘Ra’ C. ‘Whithelm Pride’ C. x ehemanii
C. ‘Wyoming’
394 C. ‘Picasso’
C. ‘Königin Charlotte’ C. ‘Louis Cottin’
C. ‘Richard Wallace’
LARGE FALL PINK
WHITE
SUMMER
ORANGE
Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’ Gloriosa modesta Amaryllis belladonna ‘Hathor’ x Amarcrinum memoria-corsii
Summer-flowering, tuberous perennial Deciduous, summer-flowering, tuberous, Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy, Evergreen, clump-forming bulb with
with arrow-shaped, erect, white-spotted, scandent climber with slender stems purple stem bearing fragrant, pure wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
mid-green leaves. Produces long-lasting, and lance-shaped leaves with tendrils white flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with stems bear fragrant, rose-pink flowers in
peach to salmon-orange spathes, each at apex. Leaf axils bear bell-shaped, yellow throats. Strap-shaped, semierect, loose heads in late summer and fall.
with a dark maroon eye. H 28in (70cm), pendent, orange flowers, 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) basal leaves are produced in late winter H and S to 3ft (1m).
S 8in (20cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). across. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). or spring. H 20–32in (50–80cm),
Min. 46ºF (8ºC). S 12–18in(30–45cm). ADZ13–15
AEZ8–11t
ADZ9–11 ADZ7–10t
bulbs
Gladiolus papilio x Amarygia parkeri
Clump-forming, summer- or fall- Early fall-flowering bulb. Sturdy stem
flowering corm with stolons. Bears up bears a large head of funnel-shaped,
to 10 yellow or white flowers, suffused deep rose flowers with yellow and
violet, with hooded, upper petals and white throats. Produces strap-shaped,
darker yellow patches on lower petals. semierect, basal leaves after flowering.
H to 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m).
ADZ8–10 ADZ9–11
Canna ‘Phasion’ Dietes bicolor Amaryllis belladonna 395
Midsummer- to early-fall-flowering, Evergreen, tuft-forming, summer- (Belladonna lily)
rhizomatous perennial. Produces racemes flowering rhizome with tough, long and Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy, purple
of orange flowers, to 2½in (6cm) across, narrow, erect, basal leaves. Branching stem bearing fragrant, funnel-shaped,
and dark olive-green leaves, boldly stems each bear a succession of flattish, pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long. Forms
marked with green, pale yellow, and irislike, pale to mid-yellow flowers; strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
pink stripes. H to 5½ft (1.6m), S 2ft (60cm). each large petal has a brown patch. after flowering. H 20–32in (50–80cm),
H to 3ft (1m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). S 12–18in (30–45cm).
AEZ7–12
ADZ8–10 ADZ7–10t
DAHLIAS
The wide spectrum of dahlia hybrids offers a bold display of color and form
from summer to the first frosts in fall. Dahlias flower prolifically—in the right
conditions a single plant may produce up to 100 blooms during a single season.
Flowers range in size from tiny 2in (5cm) pompons to huge exhibition blooms
more than 10in (25cm) across. They make beautiful border plants, the compact
types are ideal for containers, and all are good for cutting. In addition, no special
skills are required to grow them, except protecting the tubers from frost. Dahlias
are divided into groups according to the form of their flower heads. The most
commonly grown are illustrated below. Some dahlias have fimbriated (split
or notched) petals, and some (such as orchid-flowering dahlias) are available
in single and double forms.
Single-flowered— Ball—spherical, fully D. ‘Eveline’
flowers usually have 8–10 double flowers, sometimes [decorative]
broad petals surrounding slightly flattened on top,
an open, central disc. with densely packed,
almost tubular, petals.
Anemone-flowered— Pompon—a miniature D. ‘Trelyn Kiwi’ D. ‘White Moonlight’
fully double flowers, form of ball flowers, but [semi-cactus] [semi-cactus]
each with one or more more spherical in shape,
rings of flattened ray with fully double flowers
petals surrounding a no more than 2in (5cm)
dense group of shorter, in diameter.
tubular petals, usually Cactus—fully double
longer than the petals flowers with narrow,
of single dahlias. pointed petals that can be
Collerette—single straight or curl inward
flowers with 8–10 and have recurved edges
broad, outer petals, for more than two-thirds
and an inner ‘collar’ of their length.
of smaller petals Semi-cactus—fully
surrounding an open, double flowers similar
central disc. to cactus types, but
with broader-based
Waterlily—fully double petals, the edges of which
flowers with large, are generally recurved
generally sparse ray toward their tips.
petals, which are flat or Peony-flowered—large,
with slightly incurved semidouble flowers, with
or recurved margins, several rows of irregularly
giving the flower a arranged, flattened petals,
flat appearance. surrounding an open,
Decorative—fully double central disc.
flowers with no visible
central disc, and broad,
flat petals, sometimes
twisted, that incurve
slightly at their margins.
D. ‘Café au Lait’
[decorative]
396 D. ‘Small World’ [pompon] D. ‘Jura’ [semi-cactus]
D. ‘White Alva’s’ [decorative] D. ‘White Klankstad’ [cactus] D. ‘White Ballet’ [waterlily]
D. ‘Brian’s Dream’ D. ‘Roxy’ D. coccinea
[decorative] [single-flowered] [single-flowered]
D. ‘Lilac Marston’ D. ‘Geerlings Sorbet’ D. ‘Bishop of Auckland’
[decorative] [semi-cactus] [single-flowered]
D. ‘Carolina Moon’
[waterlily]
D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’ D. ‘Franz Kafka’ D. ‘Kilburn Rose’ D. ‘Otto’s Thrill’
[waterlily] [pompon] [waterlily] [decorative]
D. ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ D. ‘Ryecroft Gem’ D. ‘Berwick Wood’
[semi-cactus] [decorative] [decorative]
D. ‘Sascha’ D. ‘Hootenanny—Swan D. ‘Natal’
[waterlily] Island’ [collerette] [pompon]
D. ‘Gallery Art Nouveau’ [decorative] D. ‘Wootton Cupid’ [ball] D. ‘Cornel’ [ball] 397
D. ‘Arabian Night’ [decorative]
D. ‘Preston Park’ D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ D. ‘Onslow Renown’
[single-flowered] [peony-flowered] [semi-cactus]
D. ‘Comet ’ D. ‘Chimborazo’ D. ‘Akita’ D. ‘Yellow Hammer’ D. ‘Bishop of York’
[anemone-flowered] [collerette] [miscellaneous] [single-flowered] [single-flowered]
D. ‘Zorro’ D. ‘Black Narcissus’ D. ‘Alva’s Supreme’ D. ‘Trengrove Millennium’ D. ‘Kenora Superb’ D. ‘Charlie Dimmock’
[decorative] [semi-cactus] [decorative] [decorative] [semi-cactus] [waterlily]
D. ‘Hamari Katrina’ D. HAPPY SINGLE FIRST LOVE D. ‘Hexton Copper ’
[semi-cactus] [single-flowered] [ball]
D. ‘Hamari Accord’ D. ‘Moonglow ’ D. ‘Ellen Huston’ [decorative] D. ‘Karma Choc’
[semi-cactus] [semi-cactus] [decorative]
398 D. ‘Wootton Impact’ [semi-cactus] D. ‘So Dainty’ [semi-cactus]
D. ‘Hamari Gold’ [decorative]
MEDIUM
SPRING
WHITE
Pamianthe peruviana
Evergreen, spring-flowering bulb with
a stemlike neck and semierect leaves
with drooping tips. Stem has a head of
2–4 fragrant, white flowers, each with a
bell-shaped cup and 6 spreading petals.
H 20in (50cm), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BDZ11
bulbs
Ornithogalum nutans Erythronium californicum
Late spring-flowering bulb with 1-sided ‘White Beauty’
racemes of semipendent, funnel-shaped, Vigorous, clump-forming tuber with
silvery-white flowers, with a broad pale basal, mottled leaves. In spring has
green stripe down the center of each a loose spike of 1–10 reflexed, white
petal. Strap-shaped, semierect, flowers, each with a brown ring
mid-green leaves each have a central, near the center. Spreads rapidly.
silver stripe. H 10in (25cm), S 2in (5cm). H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm).
ADZ4–9t BDZ3–9
Allium neapolitanum Calochortus venustus Bellevalia romana Erythronium oregonum 399
Spring-flowering bulb with narrow, Late spring-flowering bulb with Late spring-flowering bulb with loose, Clump-forming, spring-flowering tuber
semierect leaves on the lower quarter 1 or 2 narrow, erect leaves near the conical racemes of bell-shaped, lightly with 2 semierect, mottled, basal leaves.
of flower stems. Stems each develop an base of the branched stem. Bears 1–4 fragrant, white flowers, 3⁄8in (8mm) long, Has up to 3 pendent, white flowers,
umbel, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, of up to white, yellow, purple, or red flowers, aging to purplish-brown. Strap-shaped, with yellow eyes and often brown rings
40 white flowers. H 8–20in (20–50cm), with a dark red, yellow-margined blotch basal leaves are erect and mid-green. near center; petals reflex as flowers
S 4–5in (10–12cm). on each large petal. H 8–24in (20–60cm), H 1ft (30cm), S 3in (8cm). open. Increases rapidly by offsets.
S 2–4in (5–10cm). H to 14in (35cm), S 5in (12cm).
ADZ7–10t ADZ7–9t
ADZ6–10 BDZ3–9
TULIPS T. ‘White Dream’ t [Div. 3] T. ‘White Triumphator’ t T. ‘Purissima’ t [Div. 13]
Tulips are excellent for rock gardens, formal bedding, as [Div. 6]
elegant cut flowers, and for containers. Their bold flowers
are generally simple in outline and held upright, often with
bright, strong colors. Many of the species deserve to be
more widely grown alongside the large variety of hybrids
currently available. Tulipa is classified in 15 divisions, which
are described below.
Div. 1 Single early—cup-shaped, single flowers, often opening T. ‘Spring Green’ t T. turkestanica t
wide in sun, are borne from early to mid-spring.
Div. 2 Double early—long-lasting, double flowers open wide in [Div. 8] [Div. 15]
early and mid-spring.
Div. 3 Triumph—sturdy stems bear rather conical, single flowers, T. saxatilis Bakeri Groupt T. ‘Shirley’ t [Div. 3] T. ‘China Pink’ t
becoming more rounded, in mid- and late spring.
Div. 4 Darwin hybrids—large, single flowers are borne on strong [Div. 15] [Div. 6]
stems from mid- to late spring.
Div. 5 Single late—single flowers, usually with pointed petals, T. ‘Albert Heijn’ t [Div. 13] T. ‘Dreamland’ t [Div. 5]
are borne in late spring and very early summer.
Div. 6 Lily-flowered—strong stems bear narrow-waisted, single
flowers, with long, pointed, often reflexed petals, in late spring.
Div. 7 Fringed—flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have
fringed petals.
Div. 8 Viridiflora—variable, single flowers, with partly greenish
petals, are borne in late spring.
Div. 9 Rembrandt—flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have striped
or feathered patterns caused by virus, and are borne in late spring.
Div. 10 Parrot—bear large, variable, single flowers, with frilled or fringed
and usually twisted petals, in late spring.
Div. 11 Double late (peony-flowered)—usually bowl-shaped, double
flowers are borne in late spring.
Div. 12 Kaufmanniana hybrids—single flowers are usually bicolored, open
flat in sun, and are borne in early spring; leaves are often mottled or striped.
Div. 13 Fosteriana hybrids—large, single flowers open wide in the
sun from early to mid-spring. Leaves are often mottled or striped.
Div. 14 Greigii hybrids—large, single flowers are borne in mid- and
late spring. Mottled or striped leaves are often wavy-edged.
Div. 15 Miscellaneous—a diverse category of other species and their
cultivars and hybrids. Flowers are borne in spring and early summer.
T. ‘Carnaval de Nice’ t T. ‘Bird of Paradise’ t
[Div. 11] [Div. 10]
400 T. ‘Estella Rijnveld’ t [Div. 10] T. ‘Groenland’ t [Div. 8] T. ‘Esperanto’ t [Div. 8]
T. ‘Ballade’ t [Div. 6]
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Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers by Christopher Brickell (book-drive.com)
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