PROSIDING KOPPIS 2018

5.1 Cartalir Proses Perlaksanaan WoBLe Apps

PELAJAR PENSYARAH JURULATIH
(TUTOR) INDUSTRI
(COACH)

Maklumbalas/
penilaian WBL/
aduan pengguna

Penyelaras Work-
Based Learning

Proses Maklumbalas/
penilaian WBL/ aduan

pengguna

TAMAT

6.0 IMPAK INOVASI

 Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP)
Penyampaian Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) dapat di
laksanakan dengan mudah dan berkesan dengan hanya memuat
naik ke dalam aplikasi mudah alih WoBLe.

 Penjimatan Masa
WoBLe mampu untuk menjimatkan masa dalam menguruskan
pelajar Work-Based Learning dan proses penilaian WBL juga dapat
di percepatkan dengan mengunakan aplikasi penilaian atas talian.

 Pengjimatan kos
Dengan wujudnya WoBLe Apps ini dapat mengurangkan kos
cetakan kertas penilaian, kos penggunaan telefon dan
pembanggunan serta perlaksanaan WoBLe Apps hanya
memerlukan penggunaan kos platform sahaja.

 Peningkatan Produktiviti
Inovasi ini dapat meningkatkan produktiviti penyelaras Work-Based
Learning dalam menguruskan pelajar sebelum, semasa dan tamat
latihan WBL.

6.1 Implikasi Kewangan

WoBLe Apps ini dibina hanya mengunakan kos hosting
sebanyak RM60.00 dan pembinaan apps tidak mengunakan sebarang
kos. Ini kerana laman sesawang yang digunakan adalah “open
source”. Bagi tenaga kerja sumber manusia pula, pegawai yang
bertanggungjawab dalam membina laman ini adalah terdiri daripada
Pegawai Perhubungan Industri dan Alumni (PPIA) selaku Penyelaras
Work-Based Learning (WBL) serta dua orang pensyarah Kolej
Komuniti Ampang.

7.0 CADANGAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN

WoBLe Apps ini boleh di tambahbaik untuk kegunaan dimasa akan
datang. Cadangan penambahbaikan untuk aplikasi mudah alih WoBLe adalah
dengan menambah elemen keselamatan dan varifikasi untuk sistem e-
penilaian WBL dimana pensyarah dan jurulatih perlu membuat varifikasi identiti
sebelum mengisi markah penilaian pada sistem e-penilaian WBL. WoBLe Apps
ini juga dicadangkan perlu di teruskan penggunaannya sejajar dengan
perkembangan teknologi maklumat dihujung jari.

8.0 KESIMPULAN

Projek inovasi WoBLe Apps ini sangat efektif dan mudah di capai dan
ianya dapat memudahkan pelajar, pensyarah, jurulatih industri serta
penyelaras Work-Based Learning untuk berhubung dengan diantara satu sama
lain serta penyampaian bahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (pdp) amat
mudah. Penyampaian informasi juga dapat di sebarkan dengan lebih cepat dan
berkesan. Disamping itu juga, penilaian berterusan Work-Based Learning
dapat di lakukan secara atas talian. WoBLe Apps ini juga merupakan medium
utama yang menghubungkan pelajar yang sedang menjalani latihan Work-
Based Learning dengan Penyelaras WBL, Pensyarah (tutor) serta jurulatih
Industri (coach) bagi semua urusan yang berkaitan dengan latihan WBL.

KOLOKIUM PENYELIDIKAN DAN INOVASI
PERINGKAT WILAYAH SELANGOR
(KOPPIS) 2018

CAMERA ORGANIZER RETRIEVAL
SYSTEM

DISEDIAKAN OLEH
HANIMASTURA BINTI HASHIM

821007-02-5568
MAIFUZA BINTI MOHD AMIN

810322-14-5486

INOVASI PENGAJARAN & PEMBELAJARAN

TAJUK: CAMERA ORGANIZER RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
TTM: REKABENTUK LAMAN WEB

ABSTRAK

KKHL Camera Organizer Retrieval System(KKHLCORS) digunakan bagi
meningkatkan penghasilan rekabentuk laman web yang lebih menarik yang
memenuhi tahap rekabentuk laman web semasa oleh pelajar yang mengambil
modul 4 iaitu Pembangunan Laman Web. Diakhir pembelajaran modul 4 ini pelajar
perlu menghasilkan sebuah laman web yang memenuhi gaya dari segi pemilihan
warna, pemilihan imej dan rekaletak elemen laman web yang betul. Pada
kebiasaannya didapati pelajar menghadapi masalah dalam membuat pilihan warna
tema laman web yang menarik. Warna yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan konsep
laman web yang dibangunkan. Penggunaan warna juga tidak seimbang. Selain itu
gambar yang dipilih tidak memenuhi konsep laman web yang dibangunkan.
Rekaletak laman web juga tidak teratur dengan kedudukan dan saiz elemen seperti
imej, kandungan teks, animasi dan video adalah terlalu besar dan kadang-kadang
terlalu kecil. Oleh itu KKHLCORS dibangunkan bagi memudahkan proses
penyimpanan gambar aktiviti, capaian semula gambar aktiviti, capaian dan carian
elemen laman web seperti ikon, banner, layout serta mampu mengekstrak komposisi
warna pada gambar secara automatik dalam. Melalui pembelajaran secara interaktif
ini dapat membantu meningkatkan kreativiti dan inovasi pelajar dalam menghasilkan
sebuah laman web yang lebih menarik dan memenuhi tahap rekabentuk laman web
semasa.

1.0 LATAR BELAKANG

KKHL Camera Organizer Retrieval System (KKHLCORS) merupakan satu alternatif
kaedah pembelajaran Modul 4 Pembangunan Laman Web yang dibangunkan
menerusi aplikasi atas talian secara local area network (LAN). KKHLCORS

dibangunkan bagi membantu pelajar supaya lebih kreatif dan inovasi dalam
menghasilkan laman web yang memenuhi gaya rekabentuk laman web semasa.
Pelajar seringkali menghadapi masalah dalam menghasilkan template yang tersusun
dan penggunaan warna tema laman web pula tidak seragam serta menarik. Semasa
proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran pula, pensyarah tidak dapat menunjukkan
banyak contoh template, imej dan pilihan warna kepada pelajar. Justeru untuk
melahirkan graduan Kolej Komuniti Hulu Langat yang bukan sahaja mempunyai
pengetahuan secara teknikal malah kreatif dalam menghasilkan laman web yang
baik, pelajar perlu diberi pendedahan dengan pelbagai contoh serta mempunyai
platform yang dapat membantu mereka untuk membuat latihan secara kendiri.

Oleh itu, KKHLCORS diwujudkan sebagai satu inovasi dalam membantu
meningkatkan kreativiti pelajar. Pendekatan KKHLCORS adalah berdasarkan
kaedah pembelajaran secara interaktif multimedia. Pelajar boleh menggunakan
KKHLCORS pada komputer masing-masing menerusi capaian LAN. Pelajar akan
membuat carian terhadap imej dengan lebih mudah dan cepat serta sesi
pembelajaran dapat dijalankan dengan lancar. KKHLCORS telah memberi dimensi
baru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran dimana pelajar lebih bersemangat untuk
menghasilkan laman web yang lebih menarik dan baik.

2.0 RASIONAL MEMBANGUNKAN INOVASI
Pembangunan inovasi ini adalah berpandukan model pembelajaran secara interaktif
menggunakan multimedia. Multimedia adalah media yang menggabungkan dua
unsur atau lebih media yang terdiri dari teks, grafik, gambar, foto, audio,
video dan animasi secara terintegrasi. Multimedia terbagi menjadi dua kategori,
iaitu: multimedia linier dan multimedia interaktif. Multimedia interaktif adalah
suatu multimedia yang dilengkapi dengan alat pengontrol yang dapat
dioperasikan oleh pengguna, sehingga pengguna dapat memilih apa yang
dikehendaki untuk proses selanjutnya.

Menerusi penggunaan multimedia dalam aktiviti pembelajaran dapat
memperkuat respon pengguna dan memberikan kesempatan kepada pelajar
untuk mengawal kelajuan cara pembelajaran mereka. Model pembelajaran secara
multimedia dapat dikategorikan kepada lima format persembahan iaitu tutorial, drill
dan practice, simulasi, percubaan atau eksperimen dan permainan. KKHLCORS

dipersembahkan mengikut format simulasi. Format ini memberi gambaran kepada
proses yang terjadi di dunia nyata. Oleh itu KKHLCORS dibangunkan bertujuan
sebagai platform yang dapat membantu pelajar mencapai template, elemen laman
web seperti ikon, banner, imej serta kod warna yang betul bagi menghasilkan laman
web yang memenuhi kehendak semasa.

3.0 KAEDAH PERLAKSANAAN INOVASI
Sesi pembelajaran Modul 4 Pembangunan Laman Web dimulakan dengan
pengenalan laman web, diikuti dengan rekabentuk laman web dan seterusnya
pembangunan laman web. Diakhir pembelajaran, pelajar akan diberi projek untuk
membangunkan laman web berdasarkan tajuk yang dipilih. Untuk membantu pelajar
mendapatkan idea berkenaan projek tersebut, pensyarah akan menunjukkan koleksi
template laman web menerusi aplikasi KKHLCORS. Pensyarah hanya perlu
menunjukkan beberapa contoh sahaja dan seterusnya memberi kebebasan kepada
pelajar untuk melihat contoh-contoh lain dari masa ke semasa. Keadaan ini dapat
membantu pelajar menjana idea dan meningkatkan kreativiti mereka. Selain itu,
pelajar juga ditunjukkan dengan fungsi ikon serta panduan menggunakan fungsi
capaian warna untuk membantu pelajar memilih turutan warna tema yang sesuai
bagi laman web yang akan mereka bangunkan. Pelajar diberi kebebasan untuk
menggunakan KKHLCORS untuk pembelajaran kendiri dari masa ke semasa pada
komputer masing-masing melalui capaian internet.

4.0 PERBEZAAN ANTARA PROSES SEBELUM DAN SEKARANG

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perbezaan antara pembelajaran sebelum

penggunaan KKHLCORS dan semasa perlaksanaan KKHLCORS dalam

pembelajaran modul 4 Pembangunan Laman Web.

Sebelum Selepas

Pelajar perlu mencari sendiri template Pelajar dapat mencari dengan mudah

laman web menerusi enjin carian. Pelajar template laman web. Lebih ramai pelajar

gagal mendapatkan template yang dapat menghasilkan laman web yang

sesuai dengan jenis laman web yang menarik pada tahap kemampuan mereka

ingin dibangunkan. Kadangkala template berbanding sebelum ini hanya

yang dipilih terlalu sukar untuk tahap sebilangan pelajar sahaja yang mampu

kemampuan pelajar. Ini mengakibatkan menghasilkan laman web yang menarik.

pelajar berasa tidak yakin dan putus asa.

Pilihan warna laman web yang dihasilkan Pilihan warna laman web lebih menarik

tidak menepati konsep laman web yang dengan kombinasi warna yang

dibangunkan digunakan adalah tepat dan berkesan

dalam penyampaian maklumat pada

laman web.

Pelajar kurang kreatif dalam Pelajar lebih kreatif dalam menggayakan

merekabentuk ikon, pemilihan imej dan laman web. Lebih banyak elemen

banner laman web multimedia dimasukkan dalam laman

web yang dibangunkan.

5.0 PERANAN CALON DALAM PENYEDIAAN INOVASI
Dalam inovasi ini, calon (pensyarah) berperanan sebagai:

i) Merancang rekabentuk antaramuka sistem yang dibangunkan supaya mesra
pengguna

ii) Merancang rekabentuk pangkalan data bagi memudahkan penyimpanan dan
capaian semula gambar

iii) Membangunkan aplikasi menggunakan perisian Dreamweaver, MySQL dan
aturcara HTML, PHP dan CSS.

iv) Melakukan setup supaya sistem dapat digunakan menerusi atas talian.

v) Menguji penggunaan system.
vi) Membuat penilaian keatas pelajar terhadap laman web yang dihasilkan

sebelum dan selepas penggunaan sistem
vii) Mendapatkan pandangan pelajar berkenaan pembelajaran menggunakan

sistem dan membuat penambahbaikan.

6.0 IMPAK/KEBERKESANAN ELEMEN KRITERIA KECEMERLANGAN
Impak penggunaan simulasi penerbitan laman web dan papan cerita ini adalah
seperti berikut :

a. Masa
Banyak nilai tambah dapat diberikan kepada pelajar berkenaan penghasilan
laman web yang baik. Walaupun masa untuk pembelajaran pembangunan
laman web adalah singkat tetapi segala ilmu dan pengalaman pensyarah
dapat disampaikan dengan berkesan. Selain itu, penggunaan laman web
menerusi capaian atas talian dapat memudahkan capaian pada bila-bila masa
dan mudah.

b. Kos
Pembangunan sistem ini tidak menggunakan sebarang sumber kewangan
kolej. Hal ini kerana pembangunan dilakukan menggunakan kepakaran
pensyarah sendiri.

c. Meningkatkan minat dan kefahaman pelajar
Penggunaan KKHLCORS sedikit sebanyak berjaya menarik minat pelajar
untuk menghasilkan laman web yang baik menerusi kemudahan dan contoh
yang diberikan.

d. Memberi kemudahan kepada pensyarah dalam proses pengajaran dan
pembelajaran
KKHLCORS dapat membantu pensyarah menvariasikan kaedah
penyampaian di dalam kelas. Pensyarah akan memantau dan membantu
pelajar dalam membuat pilihan laman web yang baik dan seterusnya
melancarkan aktiviti pembelajaran di dalam kelas.

7.0 CADANGAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN
Beberapa perkara boleh dilakukan bagi menambah baik aplikasi KKHLCORS ini.
Berikut adalah beberapa cadangan penambahbaikan yang boleh dilakukan:

a. Menyediakan kemudahan carian kod aturcara. Aplikasi ini bukan sahaja boleh
digunakan untuk mencari gambar malah membantu pelajar mendapatkan kod
aturcara seperti HTML, CSS dan JavaScript yang dapat digunakan oleh
pelajar untuk menggayakan lagi laman web yang dibangunkan.

b. Membolehkan capaian menerusi peranti mudah alih. Pelajar pada zaman
sekarang gemar menggunakan telefon bimbit mereka. Dengan capaian
menerusi peranti mudah alih seperti handphone membolehkan mereka
menjana kreativiti mereka dari semasa ke semasa.

LAMPIRAN
Rajah 1: Aplikasi muat naik ikon
Rajah 2: Capaian ikon

Rajah 3: Menyimpan maklumat gambar
Rajah 4: Memuat turun gambar

Rajah 5: Capaian koleksi latarbelakang

OFAL CARDS: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING AIDS IN
LEARNING NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Noorulhuda Binti Md Tolah
[email protected]

Norlailatulazmila Binti Nurul Zaman
[email protected]

Siti Khadijah Binti Othman
[email protected]

Kolej Komuniti Hulu Selangor, No. 43-57, Jalan Kelah 2, Taman Perniagaan Kelah,
44300, Batang Kali, Selangor.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is to find out the effectiveness of the teaching aids, Ofal
Cards, in helping the students to learn about noun and adjectives in topic of
Descriptions. Most of the students are facing similar problem which is, they
have very limited vocabulary of noun and adjectives and that leads to difficulty
in describing places, things and people effectively. After a few trials of using
Ofal Cards in English classes, it is proven that the teaching aid, Ofal Cards has
helped the students in learning nouns and adjectives in topic of Descriptions.
In conclusion, after the students were exposed to Ofal Cards, they have
become more confident in using English and the class has become more
interactive as they have better understanding towards nouns and adjectives.

Key Word: effectiveness, noun, adjectives, Ofal Cards

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In today’s global world, the importance of English cannot be denied since
English is the most common language spoken everywhere. With the help of
developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many sectors
including medicine, engineering, and education, which, in my opinion, is the most
important arena where English is needed. In fact, with English, people can connect
every aspect of life including be able to describe our surroundings precisely. It is an
important part of communication skills which is to be able to describe things, people
and places to other people effectively.

When we need to describe about our surroundings, it is important that we
need to understand about part of speech related, which are nouns and adjectives.
Noun, according to www.freedictionary.com, means ‘the part of speech that is used
to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action and can function as the subject or
object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or an appositive’ . Noun is divided into
two groups, which are common and proper noun. Common noun is a word that
refers to a person, place, or thing but that is not the name of a particular person,
place, or thing. While proper noun is name of things, people and places, for example,
Mr. Smith, Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre and Chanel. Adjectives according to
www.freedictionary.com , means ‘the part of speech that modifies a noun or other
substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English
morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous, -er, and -est, or
syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase’. For example,
long and green skirt, where long and green are adjectives describing about the skirt.

Teaching and learning aid is the key factor to determine the success of
teaching and learning process. According to Kamarudin Hj Husin (1988), the good
and effective teaching and learning aids helps to drive the students to learn more
about something. It is also used to stimulate students’ interest in learning and keep
the focus of the students on high.

It is important to use teaching and learning aids when teaching English
especially to Community College students. The students who are enrolling in
Community College have minimal entry requirement

2

These students; who are categorized as beginners, need teaching and
learning aids to improve their level of understanding towards English, in this case is
Description. When the students are required to list down nouns or adjectives based
on the pictures given, they tend to be more focus. It is because they have the
pictures on their hands and somehow they are physically and mentally connected
with them. It is where they will use their senses, such as touch and see, to answer
the questions.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Based on the observation made, these technical students seem involved more
on their hands on work compared communication skills work related. Most of the
time, they only work with their computer component and less communicate with
others. It somehow relates to the lack of efficiency of English communication skills.
The challenging part of teaching Description is when most of the students forget, or
in worst case, do not know about noun and adjectives. Whenever, the lecturer
introduces Descriptions topic, first of all, he/she needs to review about the noun and
adjectives. When the students were asked to come out with some examples of noun
and adjectives and they struggled doing it. At first, they could not provide the
answers but after the teacher has given one example of noun, eventually the
students managed to provide the answers.

Apart from that, most of the students only possess a very limited vocabulary
of noun and adjectives based on certain places. They only can provide answers that
they can see in front of them, such as in class or computer lab. They had a hard time
to provide noun and adjectives of places where they could not see such as at the
zoo or airport. It is probably because they are not familiar with the places. It is
difficult because in the real occupation, they may need to describe things and people
in places where they are not familiar with.

In addition, there are no teaching and learning aids specifically in Description
available in the market. Usually, flashcards are used and only display one picture of
things, person or place with a word to describe it. These kinds of cards are suitable
used for primary school students. Furthermore, it is difficult to get the real things in
class.

3

3.0 INNOVATION CHARACTERISTICS

Discussion on solution among lecturers has been made. It is suggested that
the use of Ofal Cards will help the students to provide more answers of noun and
adjectives and definitely will improve students’ imaginary skills to describe things and
people in other places.

3.1 Objectives of Ofal Cards
General objectives : 1) to increase students’ level of confidence

: 2) to encourage students to think creatively
: 3) to improve students’ skill of presentations

Specific objectives : 1) to enrich students’ collections of noun and adjectives
: 2) to improve students’ spellings
: 3) to improve students’ pronunciations
: 4) to ease the description process

3.2 Descriptions of Ofal Cards
Ofal Cards consists of 30 colourful pictures of different places and

situations. They are being printed colourfully by using thick A4 papers. Each picture
is named by a suitable title. The pictures are chosen because they are related to our
daily life especially to the students.

4.0 METHODOLOGY
This Ofal Cards was initially produced to help students in improving their

knowledge in nouns and adjectives when it comes to describing people, and
surroundings. Apart from that, it is also can be used in many ways to improve
students’ knowledge in English. There are some of the suggested activities that can
be done as below:

4

a) Identifying nouns and adjectives
The cards are distributed to the students. The students are required to
identify nouns and adjectives. They can also provide the answers in
sentence form.

b) Pre and Post Test – Nouns and Adjectives
This tool is useful to know the students level of understanding towards
nouns and adjectives. The students are required to answer Pre Test
questions without any help. Then, they are required to answer Post Test
questions with the help of Ofal Cards.

Pre / Post Test
In 10 minutes, you are required to list down 10 nouns and adjectives.
NOUN

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

5

ADJECTIVES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

c) Creative Short Stories
The students will choose their cards. Within the certain time given, the
students are required to prepare a short stories in creative and fun way.
Later, they will share the stories in class.

d) Guess Who?
In small groups, students will choose one person and describe it briefly.
Let the other students guess who that person is.

e) Role Play It
The students will create a situation just like the situation in the card
chosen. Then, they will have to use their creativity to role play it in class. In
this activity, the students can use phrases and skills that they learnt in
English course such as, greeting and introduction phrases, customer
relation skills and workplace expressions.

6

f) Instructions
Based on their chosen cards, the students are required to list down
instructions that might be used or related in the situation involved.

g) What Do You Think About It?
In this activity, the students are required to give their ideas and opinions
about the situations in the cards.

There is no limitation when you are using Ofal Cards. It is all depends on the
creativity of the teacher how to make it interesting and beneficial of couse!

5.0 INNOVATION DIAGRAM

The 30 pictures of Ofal Cards is shown in Appendix 1. They are being chosen
as these situations are parts of student’s life. They even go through most of these
situations and should be able to describe effectively.

6.0 IMPACT

6.1 The importances of this innovation are:
a) they are very handy and mobile
- the cards are being put in A4 plastic file that makes it easy to bring to
anywhere.
- It is very light and definitely is not a burden to carry anywhere.

b) they are flexible
- can be used in other places that does not require electricity and not

time consuming (can be used straight away with the guidelines on how
to use given)

7

c) they are real-life-situation-based-cards
- to make it authentic and related to students life, the inventors try as

much as they could to use the real life situations on the card so that,
it would be easier for the students to relate and of course to make
them beneficial.

6.2 Financial implication

NO ITEMS QUANTITY RM RM
(PER
1 File/Folder ( A4Size) 1 UNIT) 8.00
2 Printing cost 34 8.00 34.00
3 Plastic folder 34 10.20
1.00 52.20

0.30

JUMLAH

7.0 SUGGESTION / IMPROVEMENT

The quality of Ofal Cards need to be improved especially the quality of
pictures. Besides that, Ofal Cards should be compiled in soft copy version to make it
easier to use. These suggestions are essential to make it ready to be used in other
English classes effectively.

8

7.0 CONCLUSION
Lecturer is responsible to create a fun and conducive teaching and learning in

class. Therefore, the use of innovation could bring different dimension of teaching
and learning. It is hoped that other lecturers will be more creative and innovative in
developing new innovation as useful teaching and learning aids. In conclusion,
innovation in teaching and learning will help to produce more quality and competitive
students and prepare them to the real occupation in future.
REFERENCES
Definition of noun and adjective. Retrieved on 15th March 2014 from
www.freedictionary.com
Kamaruddin Hj. Husin. (1988). Kaedah pengajaran kesusasteraan. Petaling jaya:
Fajar Bakti

9

Appendix 1

OFAL CARDS

Zoo Taiping Happy Moment

Car Bedroom

Bathroom Hari Raya Potluck

10

Roadblock Vegetables

Swimming Pool Living Hall

Fruit Section Thaipusam

Christmas Playground

11

Kitchen Banana Leaf Rice

Bookstore Malacca

Office Desk Fast Food

Old Shop Pasar Siti Khadijah

12

Jalan T.A.R Gardening

A Wedding Feast A family Potrait

A Doctor and A Patient Departure Hall

College Library Chinese New Year

13

OFAL CARDS: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING AIDS IN
LEARNING NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Noorulhuda Binti Md Tolah
[email protected]

Norlailatulazmila Binti Nurul Zaman
[email protected]

Siti Khadijah Binti Othman
[email protected]

Kolej Komuniti Hulu Selangor, No. 43-57, Jalan Kelah 2, Taman Perniagaan Kelah,
44300, Batang Kali, Selangor.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is to find out the effectiveness of the teaching aids, Ofal
Cards, in helping the students to learn about noun and adjectives in topic of
Descriptions. Most of the students are facing similar problem which is, they
have very limited vocabulary of noun and adjectives and that leads to difficulty
in describing places, things and people effectively. After a few trials of using
Ofal Cards in English classes, it is proven that the teaching aid, Ofal Cards has
helped the students in learning nouns and adjectives in topic of Descriptions.
In conclusion, after the students were exposed to Ofal Cards, they have
become more confident in using English and the class has become more
interactive as they have better understanding towards nouns and adjectives.

Key Word: effectiveness, noun, adjectives, Ofal Cards

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In today’s global world, the importance of English cannot be denied since
English is the most common language spoken everywhere. With the help of
developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many sectors
including medicine, engineering, and education, which, in my opinion, is the most
important arena where English is needed. In fact, with English, people can connect
every aspect of life including be able to describe our surroundings precisely. It is an
important part of communication skills which is to be able to describe things, people
and places to other people effectively.

When we need to describe about our surroundings, it is important that we
need to understand about part of speech related, which are nouns and adjectives.
Noun, according to www.freedictionary.com, means ‘the part of speech that is used
to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action and can function as the subject or
object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or an appositive’ . Noun is divided into
two groups, which are common and proper noun. Common noun is a word that
refers to a person, place, or thing but that is not the name of a particular person,
place, or thing. While proper noun is name of things, people and places, for example,
Mr. Smith, Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre and Chanel. Adjectives according to
www.freedictionary.com , means ‘the part of speech that modifies a noun or other
substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English
morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous, -er, and -est, or
syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase’. For example,
long and green skirt, where long and green are adjectives describing about the skirt.

Teaching and learning aid is the key factor to determine the success of
teaching and learning process. According to Kamarudin Hj Husin (1988), the good
and effective teaching and learning aids helps to drive the students to learn more
about something. It is also used to stimulate students’ interest in learning and keep
the focus of the students on high.

It is important to use teaching and learning aids when teaching English
especially to Community College students. The students who are enrolling in
Community College have minimal entry requirement

2

These students; who are categorized as beginners, need teaching and
learning aids to improve their level of understanding towards English, in this case is
Description. When the students are required to list down nouns or adjectives based
on the pictures given, they tend to be more focus. It is because they have the
pictures on their hands and somehow they are physically and mentally connected
with them. It is where they will use their senses, such as touch and see, to answer
the questions.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Based on the observation made, these technical students seem involved more
on their hands on work compared communication skills work related. Most of the
time, they only work with their computer component and less communicate with
others. It somehow relates to the lack of efficiency of English communication skills.
The challenging part of teaching Description is when most of the students forget, or
in worst case, do not know about noun and adjectives. Whenever, the lecturer
introduces Descriptions topic, first of all, he/she needs to review about the noun and
adjectives. When the students were asked to come out with some examples of noun
and adjectives and they struggled doing it. At first, they could not provide the
answers but after the teacher has given one example of noun, eventually the
students managed to provide the answers.

Apart from that, most of the students only possess a very limited vocabulary
of noun and adjectives based on certain places. They only can provide answers that
they can see in front of them, such as in class or computer lab. They had a hard time
to provide noun and adjectives of places where they could not see such as at the
zoo or airport. It is probably because they are not familiar with the places. It is
difficult because in the real occupation, they may need to describe things and people
in places where they are not familiar with.

In addition, there are no teaching and learning aids specifically in Description
available in the market. Usually, flashcards are used and only display one picture of
things, person or place with a word to describe it. These kinds of cards are suitable
used for primary school students. Furthermore, it is difficult to get the real things in
class.

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3.0 INNOVATION CHARACTERISTICS

Discussion on solution among lecturers has been made. It is suggested that
the use of Ofal Cards will help the students to provide more answers of noun and
adjectives and definitely will improve students’ imaginary skills to describe things and
people in other places.

3.1 Objectives of Ofal Cards
General objectives : 1) to increase students’ level of confidence

: 2) to encourage students to think creatively
: 3) to improve students’ skill of presentations

Specific objectives : 1) to enrich students’ collections of noun and adjectives
: 2) to improve students’ spellings
: 3) to improve students’ pronunciations
: 4) to ease the description process

3.2 Descriptions of Ofal Cards
Ofal Cards consists of 30 colourful pictures of different places and

situations. They are being printed colourfully by using thick A4 papers. Each picture
is named by a suitable title. The pictures are chosen because they are related to our
daily life especially to the students.

4.0 METHODOLOGY
This Ofal Cards was initially produced to help students in improving their

knowledge in nouns and adjectives when it comes to describing people, and
surroundings. Apart from that, it is also can be used in many ways to improve
students’ knowledge in English. There are some of the suggested activities that can
be done as below:

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a) Identifying nouns and adjectives
The cards are distributed to the students. The students are required to
identify nouns and adjectives. They can also provide the answers in
sentence form.

b) Pre and Post Test – Nouns and Adjectives
This tool is useful to know the students level of understanding towards
nouns and adjectives. The students are required to answer Pre Test
questions without any help. Then, they are required to answer Post Test
questions with the help of Ofal Cards.

Pre / Post Test
In 10 minutes, you are required to list down 10 nouns and adjectives.
NOUN

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

5

ADJECTIVES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

c) Creative Short Stories
The students will choose their cards. Within the certain time given, the
students are required to prepare a short stories in creative and fun way.
Later, they will share the stories in class.

d) Guess Who?
In small groups, students will choose one person and describe it briefly.
Let the other students guess who that person is.

e) Role Play It
The students will create a situation just like the situation in the card
chosen. Then, they will have to use their creativity to role play it in class. In
this activity, the students can use phrases and skills that they learnt in
English course such as, greeting and introduction phrases, customer
relation skills and workplace expressions.

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f) Instructions
Based on their chosen cards, the students are required to list down
instructions that might be used or related in the situation involved.

g) What Do You Think About It?
In this activity, the students are required to give their ideas and opinions
about the situations in the cards.

There is no limitation when you are using Ofal Cards. It is all depends on the
creativity of the teacher how to make it interesting and beneficial of couse!

5.0 INNOVATION DIAGRAM

The 30 pictures of Ofal Cards is shown in Appendix 1. They are being chosen
as these situations are parts of student’s life. They even go through most of these
situations and should be able to describe effectively.

6.0 IMPACT

6.1 The importances of this innovation are:
a) they are very handy and mobile
- the cards are being put in A4 plastic file that makes it easy to bring to
anywhere.
- It is very light and definitely is not a burden to carry anywhere.

b) they are flexible
- can be used in other places that does not require electricity and not

time consuming (can be used straight away with the guidelines on how
to use given)

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c) they are real-life-situation-based-cards
- to make it authentic and related to students life, the inventors try as

much as they could to use the real life situations on the card so that,
it would be easier for the students to relate and of course to make
them beneficial.

6.2 Financial implication

NO ITEMS QUANTITY RM RM
(PER
1 File/Folder ( A4Size) 1 UNIT) 8.00
2 Printing cost 34 8.00 34.00
3 Plastic folder 34 10.20
1.00 52.20

0.30

JUMLAH

7.0 SUGGESTION / IMPROVEMENT

The quality of Ofal Cards need to be improved especially the quality of
pictures. Besides that, Ofal Cards should be compiled in soft copy version to make it
easier to use. These suggestions are essential to make it ready to be used in other
English classes effectively.

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7.0 CONCLUSION
Lecturer is responsible to create a fun and conducive teaching and learning in

class. Therefore, the use of innovation could bring different dimension of teaching
and learning. It is hoped that other lecturers will be more creative and innovative in
developing new innovation as useful teaching and learning aids. In conclusion,
innovation in teaching and learning will help to produce more quality and competitive
students and prepare them to the real occupation in future.
REFERENCES
Definition of noun and adjective. Retrieved on 15th March 2014 from
www.freedictionary.com
Kamaruddin Hj. Husin. (1988). Kaedah pengajaran kesusasteraan. Petaling jaya:
Fajar Bakti

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Appendix 1

OFAL CARDS

Zoo Taiping Happy Moment

Car Bedroom

Bathroom Hari Raya Potluck

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Roadblock Vegetables

Swimming Pool Living Hall

Fruit Section Thaipusam

Christmas Playground

11

Kitchen Banana Leaf Rice

Bookstore Malacca

Office Desk Fast Food

Old Shop Pasar Siti Khadijah

12

Jalan T.A.R Gardening

A Wedding Feast A family Potrait

A Doctor and A Patient Departure Hall

College Library Chinese New Year

13

KOPPIS 2018

FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC PUMP DOWN ON SPLIT UNIT WALL
MOUNTED TYPE AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM
(FAPD)

MUHAMAD ASRUL AFFENDI BIN MAT NOR,MOHD SAPAWI BIN MOHD ISA a & AHMAD
TARMIZI BIN MD NOR a

a KOLEJ KOMUNITI KELANA JAYA, No 2 JALAN PJS 5/28B, PJCC, 46150 PETALING JAYA,
SELANGOR

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Pump down is a process of pumping and storing refrigerant that circulated in an air
conditioning system into the outdoor unit. In normal practice, pump down was done manually
before any service or repair being made on the split unit air conditioning system. This project
focused on developing an automatic pump down system attached to wall mounted split unit air
conditioning. A system with 1hp capacity was selected to be mounted with two set of pressure
switch and solenoid wave will shut of line while line the compressor. Continue pump the
remaining refrigerant into outdoor unit. The whole system will completely shut off after all
refrigerant were safety keep inside the outdoor unit. Few leakage cases was selected to examine
the capability of the new automatic pump down system in term of keeping as much refrigerant
from emitted to atmosphere. The system was highly recommended and sus jested to
implemented in all split unit system do prevent leakage refrigerant from expose to atmosphere.

Key words : Pump down, refrigerant leakage, Air conditioning split unit, Outdoor Unit, Pressure
Switch, Solenoid Valve, athmosphere.

1

ABSTRAK

’Pump down’ adalah satu proses mengepam dan menyimpan gas bahan pendingin ke
dalam unit luar penyamanan udara jenis pisah untuk tujuan penjimatan dan mengurangkan
kesan rumah hijau apabila gas bahan pendingin dibebaskan ke udara secara berlebihan.
Proses ini dilakukan secara manual semasa kerja-kera servis dan mengesan kerosakan pada
penyamanan udara. Sistem ini direka bentuk pada penyamanan udara jenis pisah pada kapasiti
1 kuasa kuda untuk menghalang kebocoran bahan pendingin secara berlebihan. Sistem
automatik ‘Pump down’ ini dapat mengurankan risiko kerosakan pada pemampat. Kebocoran
bahan pendingin memberi kesan pada lapisan ozon. Sistem ini menggunakan suis tekanan
untuk mengesan perubahan tekanan bahan pendingin dan bertindak sebagai isyarat kepada
injap solenoid yang berfungsi menutup arah gas bahan pendingin keluar daripada sistem.
Lampu isyarat pada ruang unit dalam akan beroperasi untuk memberi isyarat pada penguna
berlakunya kebocoran bahan pendingin didalam sistem. Dalam pada masa yang sama, sistem
automatik ‘Pump down’ ini beroperasi untuk mengawal gas bahan pendingin keluar pada
pesekitaran. Gas bahan pendingin akan tersimpan pada ruang unit luar. Hasil daripada sistem
ini dapat mengawal kebocoran gas bahan pendingin ke ruang udara. Pengurangan gas bahan
pendingin memberi kerosakan pada sistem. Sistem automatik ‘Pump down’ ini dapat membantu
mengurangkan kesan kerosakan komponen penyamanan udara,Penipsan ozon dan Pemanasan
global.

Kata kunci : turun, kebocoran bahan pendingin, unit berpecah udara, unit luar, suis tekanan,

injap solenoid, atmosfera.

INTRODUCTION

2

Project Background

The air conditioning system must be free leakage conditions to operate due to refrigerant
only acts as a heat transfer agent, a close cycle system is needed to control the pressure and
avoid operating system in abnormal conditions. For example, leaking of refrigerant gas is mixed
with air cause hazarded. There are many occasion of refrigerant leakage of refrigerant on split
type AC system. The leakage may happen between pipes and component connection cause by
poor installation or wear and tear process. A prevention system need to be design to avoid the
refrigerant leakage because refrigerant leakage may create several problem to the environment
and the people directly.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Leakage refrigerant will cause less efficiency in air conditioning systems. Many of the
negative effects of the leakage of refrigerant in air conditioning systems. (Grace et al. 2005)
states that ‘Refrigerant loss also contributes to the reduction of the operating efficiency of the
system, leading to increased power consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, higher
maintenance costs and eventual system failure’. Lack of air will lead to lower operating
efficiency in the system. The leakage of refrigerant may also give bad impact to the compressor.

Compressor is an important component in air-conditioning systems. If the system is
having a leakage, the compressor will be jammed and the ampere will be high. Due to lack of
gas, compressor work harder which causes the compressor jammed. This is because the
compressor has not any refrigerant to compress. According (Rodriguez 1995) stated that ‘An
undercharged condition creates a higher than normal superheat as well as lower sub cooling.
This can have an adverse effect on compressor motor winding .Refrigerant undercharging also
decreases the system capacity’. This can have an adverse effect on compressor motor winding.
The loss of the refrigerant in the compressor will cause the compressor operate high vibration

3

and noise, and become to be damaged. When the compressor operates low pressure refrigerant,
the compressor will be damaged. Furthermore, the high expenditure will be incurred according
to the damaged compressor with including the labor cost to change the new compressor.
Limited knowledge in air-conditioning possibility maintenance cost may also higher. From
experiences while performing servicing work, there are number of users which want to add
refrigerant into the system. In the same time, the refrigerant is usually not reduced in the system.
From this situation, they have limited knowledge about the content of refrigerant in the system.
Because of this, the possibility of high cost maintenance will occurred. Refrigerant leakage
contribute to ozone depletion and global warming.

The emission of the refrigerant such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) used in air-conditioning split unit due to leakage, may cause
depletion of ozone layer. (Kaur & College 2015) states that ‘This matter should be aware by
everyone who involve in air-conditioning or refrigerant industries. Chemical reactions on the
surfaces of ice crystals in the clouds release active forms of CFCs. Ozone depletion begins, and
the ozone “hole” appears’. Individuals involved refrigeration and air-conditioning industry
must realize that there is a chemical reaction going on ozone depleting refrigerant and global
warming. Refrigerant leaks from the system will reduce the efficiency of the system and the
ozone depletion and global warming. Impact global warming can be climate change.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this project is to build system trigger leakage and automatically pump down
the refrigerant in system. In order to archive this aim 3 objective were set. There are:

i. To design and select fabricated automatic pump down system that is attached to
wall mounted AC split unit.

ii. To install automatically pump down as a solutions for refrigerant leakage and
save refrigerant in the system.

iii. To analyze capability of the system in different condition.

4

SCOPE

This project will focus on the fabrication automatic pump down split type air-
conditioning system for 1.0hp wall mounted type Acson brand. The ozone layer is thinning due
leakage of refrigerant. Fabricate auto pump down during leakage at home. Therefore this project
is useful to control the refrigerant loss during leakage at 1hp split unit wall mounted type.
Device automatic pump down install at outdoor unit air conditioning. This is also to avoid the
system from damage when leakage occur in the system.

CHARACTERISTIC OF INNOVATION

Through the pervious product, most of the Automatic Pump Down is used in big
industry such as commercial refrigerator and Air conditioning industry. For the purposed
Automatic Pump Down, It is only available in residential area for example AC split unit type
wall mounted. This purposed Automatic Pump Down specialty also prevent from refrigerant
leakage. This is important because each residential area globally, at least have one AC split unit
wall mounted type. Previous studies shown that global warming cases are increasing due to
ozone depletion and emission of refrigerant from the leakage of AC split unit.

OPERATION MODE

A. Modification of outdoor unit design

For this project, interior of the outdoor units needs modification to add solenoid
wave and low pressure switch. Low pressure switch and solenoid valve will be
attached at after 3 way wave suctions and before suctions pipe compressor.
Another low pressure switch and solenoid wave will be attached at after capillary
tube cooper pipe before discharge 3 way wave. Figure 1 show the modification of
part on outdoor unit.

5

Figure 1: Show schematic drawing for modification of outdoor unit

B. Modification control system and wiring outdoor unit design

In this phase of this project, control system and wiring will be
modified. Control system and wiring is modified by replenishing wiring
pressure switch and solenoid wave. Sources of supply electric fan,
pressure switch, solenoid wave and compressor will combine for to get
electricity supply from indoor unit. Neutral from fan, solenoid valve,
compressor and pressure switch will be combined all at once. When
pressure setting in the low pressure switch will detect changes in
refrigerant pressure, the solenoid valve will operate. At the same time,
indicator light (green) operate show process pump down. Solenoid valve
in the discharge will blocked the refrigerant. At the time, the compressor
operates, compressor suck up all refrigerant to outdoor unit. When
pressure at suctions zero, pressure switch will operate send signal to
solenoid wave. Solenoid will operate and block the refrigerant out from
outdoor unit. Besides that, low pressure switch can shut off the power
supply outdoor unit. At the same time, indicator light (red) can operate

6

show finish process pump down. Figure 2 show modification wiring out
door unit.

Figure 2: Show wiring diagram of modification of outdoor unit

7

INNOVATION PICTURE

Operations system

During operation of the system, the pressure switch will be set up according to the desired
value of pressure. Those things will operate according the setting that has been made before.
The pressure switch setting depend on the capacity refrigerant in system. If the pressure is less,
the pressure switch’s setting will detect the lack of refrigerant and the solenoid valve at
discharge pipe will automatically shut off and overall refrigerant will store in outdoor unit. The
pressure switch at suctions pipe is set to zero, the pressure also will be zero and the solenoid
valve at suction will shut off. The pressure switch on the suction will be cut off the current
supply to outdoor unit. During the process, indicator lamp will show green light. When the
process pump down refrigerant to outdoor unit. After the process completed, indicator light red
will show.

APPENDIX A

Table 1: The worksheet progress of process of fabrication.

No Process Step Work Element Status
Done
1 Cut pipe cooper Cutting pipe suction and Done

discharge Done
Done
2 Flaring Cooper pipe suction,

discharge at pressure

switch and solenoid valve

3 Brazing Brazing cooper pipe at all

joint connections

4 Assemble Install pressure switch and

solenoid valve at outdoor

unit

8

5 Wiring Pressure switch and Done

connection solenoid valve with Done
Done
wiring connection outdoor Done
Done
unit.

6 Installation Indoor and outdoor at

testing bay

7 Vacuum System

8 Charge System

refrigerant

9 Test and System

Commissioning

Cutting Flaring Brazing

Figure 3: Shows process Cutting, Flaring and Brazing cooper
pipe

APPENDIX B

Figure 4: Show wiring connections on outdoor unit

9

Figure 5: Show installation air conditioning on testing bay

Figure 6: Show vacuum system

APPENDIX C

Figure 7: Show charge refrigerant inside system

10

Figure 8: Show the run experiment

Figure 9: Show the charge refrigerant use weighting scale
APPENDIX D

Figure 10: Show observation pressure refrigerant
and current electrical

11

Table 2: Shown result data experiment 1

Pressure Reading Amount Amount Time Current will
switch low refrigerant refrigerant process operations
setting pump
pressure less balance down
gauge

(Psi)

(Psi) Gram(g) Gram(g)

Second Ampere

(amp)
(s)

110 * 600 13.62 3.8

105 0.320 599.968 # #

110 100 0.088 599.880 # #

95 0.140 599.740 # #

90 0.168 599.572 # #

85 0.208 599.364 # #

80 0.212 599.152 # #

*No reading
# No data captured

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