Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

&y WKӇ QyL QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ Qҫ\ ÿm WҥR nhiӅX QKұQ ÿӏQK WUiL
QJѭӧF QKDX QJѭӡL WKu NKHQ Oj PӝW QKj iL TXӕF FKkQ FKtQK QJѭӡL
WKu FKr Oj FDL WUӏ ÿӝF WjL JLD ÿuQK WUӏ QKѭQJ Fy WKӇ QyL {QJ Oj QJѭӡL Pà
ÿѭӧF FiF QJX\rQ WKӫ TXӕF JLD 7k\ 3KѭѫQJ FD QJӧL QKLӅX QKҩW

'ZLJKW ' (LVHQKRZHU ³1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP FRQ QJѭӡL WKҫQ NǤ´ 13

/\QGRQ %DLQHV -RKQVRQ ³1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP &KXUFKLOO FӫD WKұS
Nӹ WҥL È &KkX´ 14.

5LFKDUG 1L[RQ ³7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Yt QKѭ WҧQJ ÿi ÿӍQK
vòm.” 15 (keystone of a dome)

7URQJ QѭӟF WKu Fy QKӳQJ QKұQ [pW YӅ {QJ QKѭ VDX

%ҧR ĈҥL ³1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP QәL WLӃQJ Oj WK{QJ PLQK OLrP NKLӃW´

3KDQ %ӝL &KkX PӝW QKj iL TXӕF FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ÿm QKұQ
ÿӏQK ³ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'L͏P Oj &Kt Vƭ 9L QKkQ´16.

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK 0һF G Oj Nҿ WK FӫD QKDX QKѭQJ +ӗ FKt 0LQK FNJQJ
SKҧL F{QJ QKұQ 1J{ ĈuQK 'L͏P Oj QJ˱ͥL W͙W Yj \rX Q˱ͣF 17
- ³.KL ÿXӧF WLQ {QJ 'LӋP Eӏ OұW ÿә +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QyL YӟL Nê giãcӝQJ
VҧQ GDQK WLӃQJ :LOIULG %XUFKHWW ³7{L NK{QJ WK͋ QJͥ U̹QJ WͭL 0Ϳ
QJX ÿ͇Q WK͇ ³.

1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 4XDQJ18 PӝW QKkQ YұW FăP WK F{QJ JLiR Yj FăP
JKpW QKj 1J{ WKu YLӃW QKѭ VDX

³7ӯ FXӕL WKұS QLrQ QKkQ YұW &D W{ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿm WӯQJ
Jk\ UD UҩW QKLӅX FXӝF WUDQK OXұQ E~W FKLӃQ V{L QәL QKLӅX NKL ÿL ÿӃQ Wình
WUҥQJ FKӍ WUtFK Yj FKӕQJ ÿӕL QKDX Gӳ GӝL JLӳD PӝW ErQ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
YӕQ ÿm PDQJ FăQ EӋQK ³WKj P̭W Q˱ͣF FKͱ NK{QJ WKj P̭W &K~D ” lҥL
ÿѭӧF XӕQ QҳQ VӕQJ WKHR FiL ê QLӋP YӅ WUұW Wӵ WUrQ GѭӟL ³1K̭W &K~D QKì
&KD WKͱ ED 1J{ 7͝QJ 7K͙QJ ´ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF 1JҥQ ;yP ĈҥR Ĉ{QJ
.LQK 1KұW %ҧQ 7kQ 9ăQ WU FKR UҵQJ {QJ WD Oj ³PӝW FKt Vƭ
\rX QѭӟF´ Yj ³P͡W QKj iL TX͙F ÿm FK͇W Yu GkQ´ Yj PӝW ErQ Oj ÿҥL NKӕL
QKkQ GkQ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK UҵQJ {QJ WD Oj PӝW WrQ WӝL ÿӗ SKҧQ TXӕF [XҩW WKkQ
Wӯ PӝW JLD ÿuQK Fy WӟL ED ÿӡL QӕL WLӃS QKDX OjP WD\ VDL FKR TXkQ FѭӟS
QJRҥL WK FKӕQJ OҥL Wә TXӕF Yj GkQ WӝF

-1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD SKtD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NKL ÿѭӧF WLQ {QJ 'LӋP Eӏ Kҥ ViW

http://motgoctroi.com/StLichsu/LSCandai/NgoDinhDiem/CS_
nghisaoveNDD.htm

³.KL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Yj QKӳQJ ÿӗQJ FKt FzQ VӕQJ VyW FӫD
{QJ JһS ÐQJ 0F1DPDUD ӣ +j 1ӝL WKiQJ QăP Kӑ QyL UҵQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 53

³&KtQK ViFK .HQQHG\ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP VDL OҫP KӃW FKӛ QyL 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP
Oj PӝW QJѭӡL Fy WLQK WKҫQ TXӕF JLD NK{QJ NKL QjR {QJ FKӏX ÿӇ FKR
QJѭӡL 0ӻ GjQK TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ FKLӃQ WUDQK Yj Vӵ QJѭӡL 0ӻ Gành
TX\ӅQ ÿm ÿѭD QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿӃQ WKҩW EҥL ÿҳW JLi &KR QrQ NӃW TXҧ FӫD FXӝF
ÿҧR FKiQK OұW ÿә {QJ 'LӋP QăP Oj Vӵ NӃW WK~F VӟP [s͹ KL͏Q GL͏Q@
+RD .Ǥ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP PӝW ÿLӅX ÿiQJ OjP FKR QJѭӡL WD QJҥF QKLrQ´

³9j ÿjL SKiW WKDQK +j 1ӝL QyL ³'R Vӵ OұW ÿә 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Yà
HP {QJ Oj 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX WөL ÿӃ TXӕF 0ӻ ÿm Wӵ PuQK Kӫ\ GLӋW QKӳQJ Fѫ
Vӣ FKtQK WUӏ Pj Kӑ ÿm PҩW ELӃW EDR QKLrX QăP ÿӇ [k\ GӵQJ´

³9Ӆ SKtD FiF OmQK Wө 0һW 7UұQ *LҧL 3KyQJ 0LӅQ 1DP WKu Kӑ NK{QJ
QJӡ Oj Kӑ OҥL PD\ PҳQ QKѭ WKӃ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX 7Kӑ QyL YӟL EiR 1KkQ
Dân: ³6͹ O̵W ÿ͝ 'L͏P Oj P͡W PyQ TXj Pj 7UͥL EDQ FKR FK~QJ W{L ´

Và Phó Chӫ 7ӏFK 7UҫQ 1DP 7UXQJ QyL ³7өL 0ӻ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿәL
QJӵD JLӳD GzQJ &K~QJ VӁ NK{QJ NKL QjR WuP ÿѭӧF PӝW QJѭӡL KӳX KLӋX
KѫQ 'LӋP ´

-1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ Vӵ QJKLӋS OmQK ÿҥR ĈҩW 1ѭӟF FӫD
7әQJ 7KyQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP:

+ӝL OXұQ FKtQK WUӏ WUrQ KӋ WKӕQJ 3DOWDON 'LӉQ ĈjQ 1JѭӡL 'kQ
9LӋW 1DP YӟL +LӋQ 7uQK ĈҩW 1ѭӟF QJj\ WKӭ ViX YӟL FiF GLӇQ
JLҧ * 6 &KX &KӍ 1DP 1Kj 9ăQ 0һF *LDR .ӹ Vѭ Ĉӛ 1Kѭ ĈLӋQ và
EuQK OXұQ JLD /RQJ ĈLӅQ )

-http://quanvan.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=26854

³1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR [ӭQJ GDQK´ EjL FӫD WiF JLҧ
/RQJ ĈLӅQ

, 'ѭҥ YjR QKұQ ÿӏQK QjR KDL {QJ Fӕ 77 1J{ ĈLQK 'LӋP Yà Ngô
ĈuQK 1KX ÿѭD UD ÿӅ QJKӏ KLӋS WKѭѫQJ YӟL &6%9

0XӕQ [pW TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿӕL YӟL FXӝF FKLӃQ
9LӋW 1DP WKu FK~QJ WD SKҧL [pW FiF OӡL SKiW ELӇX GR FKtQK {QJ Yj {QJ
Fӕ YҩQ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX ÿm QyL Ju YӅ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ 9LӋW 1DP

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ QăP ÿLӅX KjQK ÿҩW
QѭӟF YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ³ Ĉҧ 7KӵF %jL 3KRQJ 7LӇX 7Uӯ &ӝQJ
3KӍ ³ WӭF Oj ÿiQK ÿXәL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS UD NKӓL QѭӟF WD EҧR YӋ ĈӝF /ұS
QѭӟF QKj EjL WUӯ SKRQJ NLpQ WULӅX 1JX\ӉQ ÿHP 7ѭ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ FKR
WRjQ GkQ GҽS WDQ ONJ JLһF FѭӟS &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿӇ PӑL QJѭӡL QR ҩP WKѭѫQJ
yêu lүQ QKDX ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP OX{Q OX{Q JLӳ YӳQJ OұS WUѭӡQJ

54 LONG ĐIỀN

4XӕF *LD FKkQ FKtQK %ҧR YӋ FKӫ TX\ӅQ EҧR YӋ OmQK WKә NK{QJ FKҩS
QKұQ Vӵ FDQ WKLӋS FӫD QJRҥL EDQJ YjR 91 G &691 O~F ÿy WuP PӑL
FiFK [kP QKұS Eӝ ÿӝL FKtQK TX\ Wӯ %ҳF YjR 1DP QJj\ FjQJ QKLӅX KѫQ
%ӣL Yu {QJ KLӇX U} FKҩS QKұQ Vӵ Fy PһW FӫD +RD .Ǥ YjR 0LӅQ 1DP VӁ
OjP PҩW ÿL FKtQK QJKLm FXӝF FKLӃQ ÿҩX Wӵ YӋ FKӕQJ &6 [kP OѭӧF Yj WҥR
Fӟ FKR &6%9 WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ ³FKӕQJ 0ӻ FӭX QѭӟF´

&XӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj &XӝF &KLӃQ 7ӵ 9Ӌ Yì hoàn
WRjQ NK{QJ Fy KjQK ÿӝQJ TXkQ Vӵ QjR FӫD 0LӅQ 1DP WҩQ F{QJ UD %ҳF
QJѭӧF OҥL 0LӅQ %ҳF ÿm YѭӧW Yƭ WX\ӃQ [kP QKұS Yj WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ
Nam theo lӋQK FӫD &647 ' Yұ\ YӟL WҩP OzQJ QKkQ iL NK{QJ PXӕQ
PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ ³KX\QK ÿӋ WѭѫQJ WjQ´ ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP PӝW PһW
OR FKӕQJ ÿӣ ÿӗQJ WKӡL WLӃQ KjQK QKӳQJ FXӝF WKѭѫQJ WKҧR YӟL 0LӅQ
%ҳF ÿӇ ÿL ÿӃQ +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ WUiQK ÿә PiX JLӳD QJѭӡL 9LӋW YӟL nhau.
7URQJ FXӕQ 9LӋW 1DP 0iX /ӱD 4Xr +ѭѫQJ 7{L WiF JLҧ +RjQK /LQK Ĉӛ
0ұX Fy WUtFK GүQ EӭF WKѭ FӫD {QJ 9} 1Kѭ 1JX\ӋQ &XӕL WKѭ Fy ÿRҥQ
WKXұW OҥL OӡL {QJ 'LӋP WkP Vӵ YӟL {QJ 1JX\ӋQ

“... 9̫ W{L YͣL FK~ 1KX Fy ê G KDL PL͉Q 4X͙F &͡QJ WUDQK FK̭S
QK˱QJ ÿ͉X Oj PiX Pͯ UX͡W WK͓W SK̫L Fy EL͏Q SKiS DQK HP JL̫L TX\͇W
O̭\ FKL͇Q WUDQK ÿͩ W͙Q KDR VLQK P̩QJ WjL V̫Q 5͛L Eên nào kéo dài,
FKXQJ TX\ Vͅ E͓ O͏ WKX͡F YjR P͡W F˱ͥQJ TX͙F Yj ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF FKLD Uͅ Yì các
F˱ͥQJ TX͙F Fy ê ÿ͓QK FKLD Uͅ F̫ ´ QJѭӡL WD VӁ WKҩ\ {QJ 'LӋP PXӕQ
WUiQK ÿә PiX FKӯQJ QjR WӕW FKӯQJ ÿy Yj NK{QJ PXӕQ ÿӇ FiF FѭӡQJ
quӕF ÿҳF OӧL WURQJ FXӝF WUDQK FKҩS QӝL Eӝ PӝW FXӝF 1ӝL &KLӃQ WҥL 9LӋW
Nam do CS chӫ [ѭӟQJ

7URQJ 1JX\rQ 6D +ӗL .ê ҩQ KjQK QăP JLiR Vѭ
7UҫQ %tFK /DQ ÿm WKXұW OҥL FKX\ӋQ {QJ Yj KDL JLiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 3K~ Yj 1JX\ӉQ ;XkQ 1JKLrQ ÿm Fy GӏS QJKH 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
'LӋP WUҧ OӡL PӝW WURQJ FkX KӓL FӫD FiF {QJ &kX KӓL Oj WҥL VDR WD
NK{QJ GӗQ OӵF OѭӧQJ ÿiQK PӝW YjL WUұQ OӟQ ÿӇ JLҧL TX\ӃW FKLӃQ
WUDQK PDX FKyQJ Pj Fӭ ÿiQK FҫP FKӯQJ QKu QKҵQJ QKѭ WKӃ Qày.
ÐQJ 'LӋP ÿm QyL ³%ҧQ FKҩW FiL FKLӃQ WUDQK Qj\ Qy QKѭ WKӃ 0ӣ UӝQJ
FKӍ FKӃW WKrP OtQK Yj GkQ Pj FNJQJ FKҷQJ JLҧL TX\ӃW ÿѭӧF Ju ´ %D PѭѫL
OăP QăP VDX QKuQ OҥL QKj JLiR Yj QKj WKѫ FӫD FK~QJ WD ÿm WKҩ\ FkX WUҧ
OӡL FӫD {QJ 'LӋP NK{QJ SKҧL QJө\ ELӋQ QKѭ FiF {QJ QJKƭ O~F WUѭӟF Pà
Oj QKӳQJ OӡL WLrQ ÿRiQ WKӡL FXӝF UҩW FKtQK [iF

1KӳQJ Ju {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX QyL WURQJ PӝW OӉ EӃ PҥF OӟS KӑF WұS

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 55

YӅ ҨS &KLӃQ /ѭѫF NKyD ;,, QJj\ FNJQJ WѭѫQJ Wӵ QKѭ WKӃ
³&K~QJ WD Oj PӝW QѭӟF QKӓ Ep ÿӭQJ JLӳD KDL NKӕL 1ӃX ErQ WKӃ JLӟL Wӵ
GR WăQJ FѭӡQJ YLӋQ WUӧ FKR WD WKu WKӃ JLӟL FӝQJ VҧQ FNJQJ VӁ WăQJ YLӋQ WUӧ
FKR SKtD Kӑ +DL ErQ Fӭ WăQJ FѭӡQJ QKѭ Yұ\ VӁ ÿѭD FiL PӭF FKLӃQ WUDQK
FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ OrQ FDR 9j Vӕ SKұQ FK~QJ WD UӗL PDL ÿk\ VӁ UD VDR"´

1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Oj QJѭӡL WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD 'kQ 7ӝF Yj FKӕQJ &ӝQJ
NLrQ TX\ӃW FKӕQJ OҥL Vӵ FDQ WKLӋS TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 0ӻ YjR 9LӋW 1DP OұS
WUѭӡQJ FӫD {QJ UҩW GӭW NKRiW

http://nguoitinhuu.com/htvd/cottngodinhdiem.html

7URQJ FXӝF YLӃQJ WKăP FKtQK WKӭF 9LӋW 1DP QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 0ӻ -RKQVRQ ÿm ÿӅ QJKӏ YLӋF JӱL 4XkQ ĈӝL 0ӻ
VDQJ WKDP FKLӃQ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP ÿm Ej\ Wӓ TXDQ ÿLӇP
FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP UҩW ELӃW ѫQ Vӵ YLӋQ WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ Yj Fӕ YҩQ 0ӻ.
1KѭQJ YӟL YLӋF JӱL 4XkQ ĈӝL 0ӻ ÿӃQ 9LӋW 1DP {QJ ÿm FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW
Wӯ FKӕL Yj QyL

³1ӃX TXê Yӏ PDQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 0ӻ YjR 9LӋW 1DP W{L SKҧL JLҧL WKtFK
WKӃ QjR ÿk\ YӟL GkQ WӝF W{L" 9ӟL QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW KuQK ҧQK KmL KQJ FӫD
4XkQ ÿӝL 9LӉQ FKLQK 3KiS FzQ KҵQ VkX WURQJ WkP WUt Kӑ 6ӵ FDQ WKLӋS
FӫD EҩW Fӭ TXkQ ÿӝL QJRҥL TXӕF QjR YjR 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ ÿHP OҥL Vӵ EҩW
OӧL FKR 9LӋW 1DP ³

6ӵ YƭQK YLӉQ UD ÿL FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿã gây xúc
ÿӝQJ VkX [D Yj QLӅP WKѭѫQJ FҧP OӟQ ODR QѫL FiF OmQK Wө È &KkX WKӡL
ÿy 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UXQJ +RD 'kQ 4XӕF 7ѭӣQJ *LӟL 7KҥFK ÿm WKDQ WKӣ
³1JѭӡL 0ӻ Fy WUiFK QKLӋP QһQJ QӅ Yө iP ViW [ҩX [D Qày. Trung Hoa
Dân QuӕF PҩW ÿL PӝW ÿӗQJ FKt WkP ÿҫX ê KӧS 7{L NKkP SKөF {QJ
'LӋP ÐQJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ Oj PӝW OmQK Wө OӟQ FӫD È &KkX 9LӋW 1DP Fy OӁ
SKҧL PҩW QăP QӳD PӟL WuP ÿѭӧF PӝW QKj OmQK Wө FDR T~\ QKѭ Yұ\ ´

+ѫQ QӳD FiL FKӃW FӫD &ӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP FNJQJ ÿã làm cho
FiF OmQK Wө È &KkX ÿӗQJ PLQK FӫD 0ӻ SKҧL JLұW PuQK Yj ÿһW YҩQ
ÿӅ &KtQK 7әQJ 7KӕQJ +ӗL 4XӕF $\XE .KDQ ÿm QyL WKҷQJ YӟL 7әQJ
7KӕQJ 1L[RQ ³&XӝF WKҧP ViW 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿm NKLӃQ
FiF OmQK Wө È &KkX FK~QJ W{L U~W UD ÿѭӧF PӝW EjL KӑF NKi FKXD FKiW
ĈӗQJ 0LQK YӟL 0ӻ WKұW QJX\ KLӇP &y OӧL KѫQ QrQ ÿӭQJ WKӃ WUXQJ OұS
9j Fy OӁ KӳX tFK KѫQ QӳD NKL Oj Nҿ WK FӫD +RD .Ǥ´

/ұS WUѭӡQJ FӫD {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP U} UjQJ Oj Yu 4XӕF *LD 'kQ

56 LONG ĐIỀN

7ӝF NK{QJ PXӕQ OjP ³WLӅQ ÿӗQ´ FKR DL Fҧ Yu VӁ SKҧL OӋ WKXӝF TXi QKLӅX
YjR YLӋQ WUӧ 0ӻ Yj VӁ OjP Fӟ FKR /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ QKҧ\ Yào
[kX [p 9LӋW 1DP Pj WK{L

7URQJ TX\ӇQ ³&KtQK ĈӅ 9LӋW 1DP´ ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX ÿm QKұQ
ÿӏQK KLӇP KӑD 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Oj WR WiW Yj Oj PӝW PӕL KRҥ WUX\ӅQ NLӃS FҫQ
SKҧL ÿӅ SKzQJ Yj PXӕQ FKӕQJ KӑD [kP OѭӧF ÿy FKӍ Fy PӝW FKtQK WKӇ Wӵ
GR PӟL Fy ÿӫ NKҧ QăQJ FKӕQJ OҥL KRҥ PҩW QѭӟF WiF JLҧ PRQJ VӁ Fy GӏS
EuQK OXұQ WRjQ Eӝ TX\ӇQ OXұQ iQ FKtQK WUӏ QәL WLӃQJ Qҫ\ YjR GӏS WKXұQ
WLӋQ

http://chinhdevietnam.blogspot.com/2009/11/chinh-e-viet-
nam-luan-chinh-tri-cua-ong.html 7UDQJ %ORJ FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ
WUӑQ Eӝ ³&KtQK ĈӅ 9LӋW 1DP´ FӫD {QJ 1J{ Ĉình Nhu 198 trang.
http://longdientimhieu.blogspot.com/

1KkQ ÿӏQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 Wӯ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{
ĈuQK 'LӋP Yj 1KұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ FӫD {QJ Fӕ YҩQ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX

³&K~QJ WD ÿm EL͇W FKtQK ViFK [kP OăQJ FͯD 7UXQJ +RD ÿ͙L YͣL 9L͏W
Nam là m͡W FKtQK ViFK OLrQ WͭF Yj ḘW EL͇Q FͯD W̭W F̫ FiF FK͇ ÿ͡ FͯD
Trung Hoa vì nó phát sinh tͳ P͡W QKX F̯X ÿ̭W ÿDL F̯Q WKL͇W FKR V͹ SKiW
WUL͋Q FͯD 7UXQJ +RD 0DQJ SK˱˯QJ SKiS ÿ͡F WjL Ĉ̫QJ WU͓ FͯD &͡QJ
6̫Q FNJQJ QK˱ SK˱˯QJ SKiS ÿ͡F WjL QjR NKiF ÿ͋ OmQK ÿ̩R TX̯Q FK~QJ
WKu WKHR P͡W F˯ WKͱF Pj FK~QJ WD ÿm EL͇W TX̯Q FK~QJ Vͅ SK̫Q ͱQJ E̹QJ
FiFK K˱ͣQJ Y͉ ḘW Fͱ Fi QKkQ KD\ W̵S WK͋ QjR SK̭W Fͥ JL̫L SKyQJ ÿ͋
FKH ÿ̵\ WKkP ê [kP OăQJ FͯD PuQK 7URQJ ÿL͉X NL͏Q ÿy FiF QKà lãnh
ÿ̩R &͡QJ 6̫Q iS GͭQJ SK˱˯QJ SKiS ÿ͡F WjL ÿ̫QJ WU͓ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP Vͅ
ÿ˱˯QJ QKLrQ W̩R KRjQ F̫QK WKX̵Q OͫL FKR 7UXQJ &͡QJ [kP FKL͇P
9L͏W 1DP O~F WKͥL F˯ ÿ˱D ÿ͇Q

1yL P͡W FiFK NKiF SK˱˯QJ SKiS OmQK ÿ̩R ÿ͡F WjL Ĉ̫QJ WU͓ Vͅ VX\
QK˱ͫF KyD VͱF ÿ͉ NKiQJ FͯD GkQ W͡F ÿ͙L YͣL N̓ [kP OăQJ ´ trang
ҩQ EҧQ ÿLӋQ Wӱ

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX YӅ Vӵ OӋ WKXӝF FӫD ÿҧQJ &691
YӟL 1JD Yj 7jX QKѭ VDX

³1K˱QJ K͕ FK͑ Fy WK͋ WKRiW UD QJRjL YzQJ ̫QK K˱ͧQJ FͯD KDL
NK͙L ÿ͋ OmQK ÿ̩R F{QJ FX͡F SKiW WUL͋Q FͯD GkQ W͡F QK˱ FK~QJ WD QrX
OrQ WURQJ FkX K͗L ÿ̯X PͭF Qj\ Q͇X FiF ÿL͉X NL͏Q VDX ÿk\ ÿ˱ͫF K͕
QK̵Q WKͱF U} U͏W

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 57

1.- %̫Q FK̭W WK͹F W͇ FͯD FX͡F WUDQK FK̭S JLͷD 1JD 6{ Yj 7k\

SK˱˯QJ

2.- 7KkP ê FKL͇Q O˱ͫF FͯD 1JD 6{

3.- &X͡F ÿ͛QJ PLQK YͣL 1JD 6{ ÿm K͇W KL͏X O͹F ÿ͙L YͣL 1JD 6{ NKL
PͭF ÿtFK SKiW WUL͋Q FͯD 1JD 6{ ÿm ÿ̩W

4.- /ê WKX\͇W &iF PiF /r QLQ Oj P͡W SK˱˯QJ WL͏Q WUDQK ÿ̭X Yà phát
WUL͋Q FͯD 1JD WU˱ͣF ÿk\ FNJQJ QK˱ Oj P͡W SK˱˯QJ WL͏Q WUDQK ÿ̭X Yà phát
WUL͋Q FͯD 7UXQJ &͡QJ QJj\ QD\

5.- 6͹ ÿ͛QJ PLQK YͣL &͡QJ 6̫Q SK̫L ÿ˱ͫF FK̭P GͱW N͓S WKͥL NKL Qy
NK{QJ FzQ KL͏X O͹F ÿ͙L YͣL GkQ W͡F

6.- Ĉ͙L YͣL GkQ W͡F 9L͏W 1DP 7UXQJ +RD FͯD 0DR 7U̩FK
Ĉ{QJ FNJQJ QK˱ 7UXQJ +RD FͯD FiF WUL͉X ÿ̩L 1JX\rQ 7͙QJ 0LQK
Thanh là m͡W ÿH G͕D WUX\͉Q NL͇S ´ WUDQJ ̭Q E̫Q ÿL͏Q W͵
1K˱QJ NK͙Q Q͟L SKH &691 WKͥL ÿy NK{QJ VX\ QJKƭ UD Y̭Q ÿ͉ Pj K͕ FK͑
WXkQ KjQK FiF FK͑ WK͓ FͯD &͡QJ 6̫Q 4X͙F 7͇ Pj WK{L

³&K~QJ WD FK˱D Fy P͡W WjL OL͏X KD\ P͡W WUL͏X FKͱQJ QjR FKͱQJ W͗
U̹QJ FiF QKj OmQK ÿ̩R PL͉Q %̷F KL͏Q QD\ ÿm QK̵Q WKͱF FiF ÿL͉X NL͏Q
WUrQ 1J˱ͫF O̩L FiF YăQ WK˱ FKtQK WU͓ FͯD PL͉Q %̷F FzQ ÿDQJ FD WͭQJ
QK˱ Oj QKͷQJ FKkQ Oê QKͷQJ JLi WU͓ WLrX FKX̱Q FKL͇Q O˱ͫF Yj JLDL ÿR̩Q
Pj 1JD 6{ ÿm E͗ 1K˱ WK͇ WKu Fy Oͅ GkQ W͡F FK~QJ WD FzQ SK̫L ḘW K̩QK
PͭF NtFK FiF QKj OmQK ÿ̩R PL͉Q %̷F FͯD FK~QJ WD W{Q WKͥ QK˱ P͡W FKkQ
Oê P͡W Oê WKX\͇W Pj 1JD 6{ Yj 7UXQJ &͡QJ FK͑ GQJ OjP P͡W SK˱˯QJ
WL͏Q WUDQK ÿ̭X Yj 1JD 6{ E̷W ÿ̯X VD WK̫L NKL PͭF ÿtFK SKiW WUL͋Q ÿã
ÿ̩W ´ 6͹ SKkQ FKLD ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF WKHR +L͏S ÿ͓QK *HQève 1954 là do các
QKj OmQK ÿ̩R 0L͉Q %̷F FK̩\ WKHR FKͯ QJKƭD &6 0X͙Q FK̭P GͱW
FKL͇Q WUDQK WKu JLͣL OmQK ÿ̩R 0L͉Q %̷F SK̫L ÿ͡F O̵S SK̫L WK̭X ÿiR
QJX\͏Q Y͕QJ FͯD F͡QJ ÿ͛QJ GkQ 9L͏W Yj VDX FQJ Oj SK̫L WK̭X ÿ̩W FiF
ê ÿ͛ FͯD FiF F˱ͥQJ TX͙F WKDP FKL͇Q WUDQJ

³7URQJ KRjQ F̫QK Pj FX͡F WUDQK FK̭S JLͷD 1JD 6{ Yà Tây
SK˱˯QJ FKL SK͙L Q̿QJ Q͉ KjQK ÿ͡QJ FKtQK WU͓ FͯD FiF TX͙F JLD QK͗
O̵S WU˱ͥQJ &͡QJ 6̫Q O͏ WKX͡F 7UXQJ &͡QJ FͯD FiF QKj OmQK ÿ̩R PL͉Q
B̷F ÿ˱˯QJ QKLrQ Jk\ SK̫Q ͱQJ FͯD 7k\ SK˱˯QJ Yj V͹ SKkQ FKLD
OmQK WK͝ FNJQJ NK{QJ WUiQK ÿ˱ͫF

1K˱ Y̵\ W˱ FiFK &͡QJ 6̫Q FͯD FiF QKj OmQK ÿ̩R PL͉Q %̷F Oj P͡W
ÿL͉X NL͏Q WKX̵Q OͫL JL~S FKR QJ˱ͥL 3KiS WKL KjQK QKͷQJ WRDQ WtQK FKtQK

58 LONG ĐIỀN

WU͓ FͯD K͕ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP 9j O̵S WU˱ͥQJ &͡QJ 6̫Q O͏ WKX͡F 1JD 6{ Yà
7UXQJ &͡QJ Oj P͡W QJX\rQ QKkQ FͯD V͹ SKkQ FKLD OmQK WK͝ 9L͏W 1DP
WURQJ NKXQJ F̫QK FKtQK WU͓ FͯD WK͇ JLͣL VDX Ĉ̩L FKL͇Q WKͱ KDL GR V͹
WUDQK FK̭S JLͷD 1JD 6{ Yj 7k\ SK˱˯QJ FKL SK͙L ´

,, 'ӵ iQ KLӋS WKѭѫQJ Fy SKҧL Oj SKҧQ EӝL ÿӗQJ PLQK 0ӻ KD\
ÿkP VDX OѭQJ FKLӃQ Vƭ QKѭ OұS OXұQ FӫD PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL Fy iF FҧP YӟL
JLD ÿuQK Kӑ 1J{

Ĉk\ Oj PӝW Vӵ NLӋQ OӏFK Vӱ FҫQ ÿѭӧF [HP [pW FҭQ WKұQ NK{QJ Qên
YӝL OrQ JkQ Yj NӃW WӝL PӝW FiFK YӝL Ym Oj DQK HP {QJ 'LӋm muӕQ KLӋS
WKѭѫQJ WKRҧ KLӋS YӟL FӝQJ VҧQ KD\ Oj ÿkP VDX OѭQJ FKLӃQ Vӻ %ӣL Yì
[pW FKR FQJ WKu WҥL VDR +RD .Ǥ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӟL 7UXQJ &ӝQJ
WKu ÿѭӧF FzQ KDL PLӅQ FXҧ 9LӋW 1DP JiQK FKӏX EDR ÿDX WKѭѫQJ GR
FKLӃQ WUDQK WKu NK{QJ ÿѭӧF WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJYӟL QKDX WURQJ WuQK 'kQ 7ӝF
.KiF YӟL WuQK WKӃ KLӋQ QD\ &691 TX\ӃW WkP FDL WUӏ GkQ 91 EҵQJ ÿѭӡQJ
OӕL ÿӝF WjL VҳW PiX NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ ÿӕL WKRҥL Yj ÿӕL OұS WKu OҥL Fy PӝW
Vӕ QJѭӡL ÿӏQK FKҥ\ WKHR ÿѭӡQJ OӕL +Rj +ӧS +Rj *LҧL EӏS EӧP FӫD
chúng!)

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP FӫD 0LQK 9} QKj NKҧR FӭX OӏFK
Vӱ ÿm YLӃW QKѭ VDX

³'ѭӟL iQK ViQJ FӫD QKӳQJ Vӵ NLӋQ OӏFK Vӱ YӯD QrX QKuQ OҥL Gƭ Yãng,
FK~QJ W{L WKҩ\ ViFK OѭӧF ÿҩX WUDQK Pj KDL DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP WRDQ WtQK
iS GөQJ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP WUѭӟF NKL FiF {QJ Eӏ JLӃW UҩW Fy Fѫ Vӣ Yj ÿiQJ Oý
Qy ÿm SKҧL WKjQK F{QJ 9j QӃX Qy WKjQK F{QJ WKu PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP
YӟL GDQK [ѭQJ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD VӁ WӗQ WҥL WURQJ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ NKi
OkX KRһF Fy WKӇ WKӕQJ QKҩW PӝW FiFK YLQK TXDQJ QKѭ QѭӟF ĈӭF %ҵQJ
NK{QJ WKu WӕL WKLӇX FNJQJ WӗQ WҥL WURQJ SK~ FѭӡQJ JLӕQJ QKѭ 1DP +jQ
KD\ ĈjL /RDQ ´

³&zQ WKӡL ± WKDQK WKӃ FӫD {QJ 'LӋP KѫQ KҷQ {QJ +ӗ
NӃX {QJ 'LӋP FKӏX OLrQ KLӋS Oj OLrQ KLӋS WURQJ WKӃ PҥQK +m\ WҥP Oҩ\
PӝW Yt Gө ÿѫQ JLҧQ Oj KzD WDQ GXQJ GӏFK Fy KDL PjX ÿӕL FKӑL [DQK ÿұP
'LӋP YӟL KӗQJ OҥW +ӗ 0jX QjR ÿұP KѫQ VӁ OҩQ iW Yj WKҳQJ PjX OӧW
'ƭ QKLrQ WKӵF WӃ FKtQK WUӏ SKӭF WҥS KѫQ Yu FzQ PѭX VkX FӫD FRQ FiR QәL
GDQK KѫQ QJѭӡL 1KѭQJ YӅ ÿLӇP Qj\ {QJ 'LӋP ÿm Fy NLQK QJKLӋP Wӯ
QKӳQJ EjL KӑF OӏFK Vӱ QyL WUrQ YӟL FӝQJ VҧQ +ѫQ QӳD {QJ 'LӋP NK{QJ
SKҧL Oj PӝW FKtQK NKiFK QRQ QӟW NK{QJ ELӃW U} ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ QKѭ QJѭӡL
WD WѭӣQJ ´

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 59

³9u QKӳQJ Oê GR WUrQ WKHR ê NLӃQ FKӫ TXDQ FӫD W{L QӃX PӝW FKӳ
QӃX NK{QJ Fy WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ QӃX DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP NK{QJ Eӏ FKӃW Yà
YLӋF KLӋS WKѭѫQJ JLӳD KDL PLӅQ 1DP %ҳF ÿѭӧF WKӇ KLӋQ YjR WKұS QLên
WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF WKu FKҷQJ QKӳQJ +RD .Ǥ ÿm NK{QJ SKҧL ÿә WULӋX TXkQ
YjR 9LӋW 1DP NKLӃQ KѫQ QJjQ OtQK 0ӻ FKӃW Pj 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ WUiQK
ÿѭӧF PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ WѭѫQJ WjQ OjP WUrQ WULӋX Wӱ YRQJ ´

&y QKLӅX ê NLӃQ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 4XӕF *LD FKѭD ÿӗQJ ê YӟL QKұQ
ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 0LQK 9} PӝW FiFK KRjQ WRjQ

a- +ӑ FKѭD ÿӗQJ ê Oj NKL ÿѭD UD ÿӅ QJKӏ ³+LӋS 7KѭѫQJ´ FKѭD FKҳF
Oj {QJ 'LӋP ӣ YjR WKӃ PҥQK KѫQ VR YӟL &6%9 Yu &647 WKu \ӇP WUӧ
FKR PLӅQ %ҳF KӃW PuQK FzQ +RD .Ǥ YӯD YLӋQ WUӧ YӯD R pS PLӅQ 1DP
ÿL WKHR ê Kӑ ÿӅ QJKӏ +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ ÿѭD UD TXi VӟP GӉ gây cú sӕF FKR
ÿӗQJ PLQK +RD .Ǥ YӕQ UҩW FӭQJ QJҳF ÿӝF ÿRiQ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ QJKH
OӡL ÿӅ QJKӏ FӫD EҩW Fӭ DL Pj Kӑ FKӍ OjP WKHR TX\ӅQ OӧL 0ӻ WKHR WӯQJ
JLDL ÿRҥQ WKӡL FXӝF

b- 1rQ QKӟ FXӝF WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӅ JLҧL SKiS +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ WKӡL
ÿLӇP ÿy FKƭ PӟL EҳW ÿҫX KLӋQ NK{QJ FzQ WjL OLӋX QjR ÿѭӧF F{QJ Eӕ Qên
FKѭD KLӇX U} QӝL GXQJ ê PXӕQ FӫD PӛL ErQ UD VDR QrQ FNJQJ NK{QJ WKӇ
QyL ³0qR QjR FҳQ PƭX QjR´ Yu Fҧ KDL ErQ ÿӅX Fy NLQK QJKLӋP JLj GһQ
NK{QJ GӇ Ju {QJ 'LӋP FKӏX +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ Pj FKӏX SKҫQ WKXD WKLӋW ÿkX
Vã lҥL WKiL ÿӝ FӭQJ UҳQ X\ GNJQJ FӫD {QJ 'LӋP QJD\ Fҧ NKL Eӏ &6 EҳW
QăP Pj FNJQJ NK{QJ FKӏX NKXҩW SKөF WKu OjP VDR YӟL WKӃ QJDQJ
QJӱD {QJ 'LӋP OҥL FKӏX WKXD WKLӋW .K{QJ QrQ ÿHP WKjQK EҥL Pj OXұQ
anh hùng, dù sao thì sӵ FDQ ÿҧP FXҧ {QJ 'LӋP GiP [HP [pW YҩQ ÿӅ
+LӋS 7KѭѫQJ G NK{QJ Fy Vӵ ÿӗQJ ê FӫD 0ӻ TXҧ Oj KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿiQJ
NKkP SKөF KѫQ Oj FKr WUiFK 9ҧ OҥL WURQJ WKӡL ÿLӇP NKL +RD .Ǥ
WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӟL 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿӇ PѭX WuP KRj EuQK FKR FXӝF FKLӃQ WKì
NK{QJ WKӇ QjR QyL 77 1L[RQ Oj SKҧQ TXӕF +RD .Ǥ Yұ\ WҥL VDR WD OҥL
YӝL Ym OrQ iQ {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Fy ê SKҧQ EӝL TXӕF JLD

c- &y QJѭӡL Fҧ QJKL WKu FKR UҵQJ +ӗ Oà con cáo già trong khi hai
ErQ WKҧR OXұQ Pj WXQJ WLQ UD QJRjL OұS PѭX Qҫ\ ÿӇ PѭӧQ WD\ 0ӻ Kãm
KҥL {QJ 'LӋP Yu Yұ\ Pj 0ӻ EұW ÿqQ [DQK FKR FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK JLӃW {QJ
'LӋP Yu NK{QJ WKHR ÿ~QJ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD 0ӻ ;LQ WKѭD ÿy Oj OұS OXұQ
FXҧ &6 PXӕQ ÿiQK EyQJ +ӗ Yj Kҥ X\ WtQ FӫD {QJ 'LӋP Pj WK{i. Ông
'LӋP ÿm QKӡ WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ %D /DQ WURQJ ӫ\ KӝL .LӇP 6RiW ĈuQK &KLӃQ
Oj 0LHF]\VODZ 0DQHOL Yj FzQ Fy ÿҥL Vӭ é *LRYDQQL G¶2UODQGL Yj ÿҥL

60 LONG ĐIỀN

GLӋQ FӫD 9DWLFDQ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP Oj ĈӭF &KD 6DOYDWRUH '¶$VWD FQJ QKLӅX
QJѭӡL NKiF QӳD ÿӇ OjP WUXQJ JLDQ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL ÐQJ 'LӋP
{QJ 1KX FNJQJ ÿm F{QJ Eӕ FiFK EiQ FKtQK WKӭF EiQ F{QJ NKDL FXӝF
+LӋS 7KѭѫQJ Qҫ\ WKu Uӓ UjQJ KDL {QJ ÿm OѭӧQJ ÿӏQK Nӻ FjQJ Yj NK{QJ
TXi ҩX WUӍ YӅ FKtQK WUӏ QKѭ PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL OҫP WѭӣQJ +RD .Ǥ WKu Fy QKLӅX
NLQK QJKLӋP WUұQ ÿӏD FKLӃQ QKѭQJ YӟL FKLӃQ WUDQK GX NtFK WKu Kӑ KRjQ
WRjQ PӟL Pҿ Yu WKӃ FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK +. WKRҥW ÿҫX NKL YjR 91 Kӑ QJKƭ
UҵQJ Fy WKӇ GӇ GjQJ WKҳQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ WҥL 91 QKѭQJ VDX ÿy WKu Kӑ ÿm
QJKƭ NKiF VDX NKL WәQ KDR ELQK Vƭ WKu Kӑ PӟL ÿL WuP JLҧL SKiS
WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ &zQ {QJ 'LӋP Yj {QJ 1KX WKu ELӃW UҩW U} WKӵF FKҩW FXӝF
FKLӃQ Oj &ӝQJ VҧQ %ҳF 9LӋW FKӍ Oj Nҿ WKӯD KjQK FKR &ӝQJ VҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ
FҫQ SKҧL O{L NpR Kӑ YӅ YӟL 'kQ 7ӝF &KӍ WLӃF Oj ÿӅ QJKӏ +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ
Qҫ\ Fy Oҿ TXi VӟP Yu VDX ÿy QăP WKu +RD .Ǥ PӟL Fӕ F{QJ
WuP NLӃP Vӵ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ JLӱD +. Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿӇ PѭX WuP JLҧL
SKiS әQ ÿӏQK Ĉ{QJ 1DP È Pj NK{QJ WәQ KDR VLQK PҥQJ ÿ{L ErQ

G 1Jj\ QD\ Yӏ WKӃ 4XӕF &ӝQJ NKiF KҷQ &691 ÿDQJ
FҫP TX\ӅQ WUrQ WRjQ F}L 9LӋW 1DP EҵQJ ELӋQ SKiS QJRDQ Fӕ Yi YtX ;m
+ӝL &Kӫ 1JKLm WKu GӍ QKLrQ iS GөQJ KRj KӧS KRj JLҧL YӟL &691 Oj ÿҫX
KjQJ Oj WUӣ Fӡ WKu ÿiQJ Eӏ OrQ iQ &KӯQJ QjR &691 FKӏX Wӯ Eӓ &1;+
EҧL Eӓ WRjQ Eӝ +LӃQ 3KiS FKҩS QKұQ ³7UѭQJ FҫX 'kQ ê´PӝW FiFK WKjQK
NKҭQ WKu QJj\ ÿy PӟL KӃW ÿҩX WUDQK ÿzL KӓL 'kQ &Kӫ FKR 91

1KӳQJ DL YүQ FzQ TXDQ QLӋP UҵQJ WKӡL NǤ WKұS Nӹ {QJ 1J{
ĈuQK 'LӋP Yj 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX NK{QJ QrQ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ FKҩP GӭW FKLӃQ
WUDQK YӟL 0LӅQ %ҳF [LQ WUҧ OӡL FiF FkX KӓL VDX ÿk\ WKu VӁ OjP ViQJ Wӓ
YҩQ ÿӅ

3KtD ÿӗQJ PLQK +RD .Ǥ Fy YLӋQ WUӧ OLrQ WөF Yj Y{ WKӡL KҥQ FKR
FKtQK WKӇ 91&+ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Yj VDX {QJ 'LӋP ÿӇ FKӕQJ &6
4XӕF 7Ӄ PmL PmL KD\ NK{QJ" +D\ +RD .Ǥ VӁ FKҩP GӭW FXӝF FKLӃQ NKL
Kӑ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF ê ÿӏQK FKLӃQ OѭӧF Oj OjP VX\ \ӃX WLӅP OӵF &647 WӭF Oj Jk\
FKLD UӁ NKӕL &647 JӗP FѭӡQJ TXӕF /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ NK{QJ
FzQ NKҧ QăQJ ÿH GRҥ +RD .Ǥ Pj WK{L

1ӃX Fҧ KDL PLӅQ 1DP %ҳF ÿӅX QKұQ ÿѭӧF YLӋQ WUӧ GӗL GjR FӫD Fҧ
KDL NKӕL VLrX FѭӡQJ WKu FKLӃQ WUDQK VӁ NpR GjL ÿӃQ ÿkX Yj NӃW TXҧ GkQ
WӝF 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF Ju PҩW Ju ;LQ Kҧ\ QKӟ FXӝF FKLӃQ OӏFK Vӱ ÿүP
PiX ӣ 7ULӅX 7LrQ VDX ÿy ÿҩW QѭӟF 7ULӅX 7LrQ UD VDR"

+RD .Ǥ YLӋQ WUӧ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 Yұ\ FKӍ Fy +RD .Ǥ Yj 1JD 7jX Fy

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 61

TX\ӅQ FKҩP GӭW FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 FzQ 0LӅQ %ҳF Yj 0LӅQ 1DP KRàn toàn
NK{QJ Fy TX\ӅQ EjQ ÿӃQ " Ĉ{QJ ĈӭF Yj 7k\ ĈӭF ÿm OLrQ OҥF WKҧR OXұQ
Yj WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF EҵQJ ELӋQ SKiS KRj EuQK Pj NK{QJ FҫQ TX\ӃW
ÿӏQK QjR FӫD 0ӻ Yj /LrQ ;{

+Rj EuQK ÿҥW ÿѭӧF JLӳD WKұS QLên 1960 và 1975 có gì khác nhau.
6DX NKL FXӝF FKLӃQ FKҩP GӭW WRjQ GkQ 91 ÿѭӧF Ju Yj PҩW PiW QKӱQJ
Ju" 1ӃX FXӝF FKLӃQ FKҩP GӭW WUѭӟF WKұS QLrQ WKu NK{QJ SKҧL K\
VLQK WULӋX ELQK Vƭ Yj WULӋX WKѭӡQJ GkQ KDL ErQ 1DP %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP Yà
ELQK Vƭ +RD .Ǥ

1ӃX QyL ê ÿӗ FӫD &647 Oj SKҧL WK{Q WtQK 0LӅQ 1DP 91 EҵQJ
PӑL JLi Yj +ӗ FNJQJ QKѭ ÿҧQJ &691 SKҧL EҳW EXӝF WKL KjQK Yұ\ WKѭѫQJ
OѭӧQJ YӟL &691 Oj Y{ tFK 9ұ\ JLҧ Gө +ӗ Yj ÿҧQJ &691 TX\ӃW WkP
ÿuQK FKӍ FXӝF FKLӃQ Yu KDR WәQ TXi PӭF FKӏX ÿӵQJ Yұ\ FKҷQJ Oҿ /Lên
Xô và Trung CӝQJ VӁ Wӵ ÿHP TXkQ TXD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ JLҧL TX\ӃW FKLӃQ
WUѭӡQJ KD\ FKăQJ" +D\ PӝW JLҧ WKX\ӃW WKӭ KDL Oj WLӅP QăQJ FӫD /Lên
;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Oj WUѭӡQJ FӱX Yj Y{ WұQ KD\ VDR" +D\ Oj PӝW QJày
QjR ÿy VӁ NLӋW TXӋ Yj NK{QJ FzQ NKҧ QăQJ JL~S &6 %ҳF 9LӋW Qӳa.)

&KR ÿӃQ KLӋQ WKӡL FKѭD Fy WjL OLӋX QjR Fө WKӇ ÿѭD UD YӅ FiF ÿLӇP
WKҧR OXұQ Yj PөF WLrX WKҧR OXұQ JLӱD ÿ{L ErQ Fy YjL Vӱ JLD WrQ WXәL OұS
OXұQ OrQ iQ FXӝF WKҧR OXұQ FKҩP GӭW FKLӃQ WUDQK FӫD Fӕ WәQJ WKӕQJ 1J{
ĈuQK 'LӋP Oj YH YmQ Nҿ WK Oj ÿkP VDX OѭQJ FKLӃQ Vƭ QKѭQJ EҧQ WKkQ
WKu YұQ ÿӝQJ FKҥ\ FKӑW ÿӇ NKӓL UD WiF FKLӃQ Yj QJj\ QD\ Fӭ PmL FѭӡQJ
ÿLӋX OrQ iQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy OzQJ QKkQ iL PXӕQ FKҩP GӭW FXӝF FKLӃQ Eƭ
әL Qҫ\ WKu Fy KӧS Oê FKăQJ" .pR GjL FXӝF FKLӃQ WKHR W{L FKӍ Fy OӧL FKR
FiF FѭӡQJ TXӕF QJRҥL QKkQ Yj PӝW QKyP QKӓ FKtQK WUӏ KRҥW ÿҫX QӝL ÿӏD
QKҵP FӫQJ Fӕ ÿӏD Yӏ Yj FҳW [pQ YLӋQ WUӧ Eӓ W~L Pj WK{L 7ҥL VDR Fӭ Pãi
W{Q WKӡ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD QJRҥL EDQJ Pj Eӓ TXrQ TX\ӅQ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD
'kQ 7ӝF 9LӋW 1DP 7KHR Kӑ WKu 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP SKҧL Pãi mãi là
WLӅQ ÿӗQ FKӕQJ FӝQJ +ӑ PDX TXrQ PӝW NKL 0ӻ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF ê ÿӗ FKLӃQ
OѭӧF WKu 0ӻ NK{QJ FҫQ WLӅQ ÿӗQ Yj VҹQ VjQJ Eӓ UѫL ÿӗQJ PLQK

/ӕL OұS OXұQ Q{ OӋ QJRҥL EDQJ [HP WKѭӡQJ ê QJX\ӋQ VӕQJ WKDQK
EuQK FӫD WULӋX ÿӗQJ EjR 9LӋW 1DP QJj\ QD\ ÿm OӛL WKӡL Yà không còn
PXD FKXӝF ÿѭӧF DL QJKH WKHR ' Kӑ ÿӭQJ ErQ Qҫ\ FKLӃQ WX\ӃQ QKѭQJ
FiFK VX\ QJKƭ FӫD Kӑ \ KӋW QKӳQJ FiL ÿҫX ӣ %ҳF %ӝ 3Kӫ FKӍ ELӃW TXǤ
PӑS WUѭӟF 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Pj Eӓ TXrQ QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ ĈӝF /ұS 7ӵ &Kӫ FӫD
WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW

62 LONG ĐIỀN

6X\ Wѭ WUѭӟF YұQ PӋQK ÿҩW QѭӟF OkP QJX\ TXD Nҿ WK WUX\ӅQ NLӃS
%ҳF SKѭѫQJ WӭF JLұQ WUѭӟF FXQJ FiFK KqQ Kҥ FӫD Nҿ FҫP TX\ӅQ +j 1ӝL
KLӋQ QD\ GX\ӋW [pW OҥL OӏFK Vӱ FұQ ÿҥL WKҩ\ UҵQJ QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR [ӭQJ
GDQK 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP OX{Q OҳQJ QJKH QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ FӫD WRjQ GkQ PXӕQ
QR FѫP ҩP iR PXӕQ DQ EuQK WiL WKLӃW TXr KѭѫQJ VDX Pҩ\ FKөF QăP NKyL
OӱD FKLӃQ WUDQK {QJ 'LӋP ÿӝF OұS YӟL ÿӗQJ PLQK OX{Q Wìm
PӑL FiFK FKҩP GӭW FKLӃQ WUDQK G WUiL YӟL ê ÿӗ FӫD FѭӡQJ TXӕF
NKiF [D YӟL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QJѭӡL OX{Q PDQJ ê ÿӏQK FKӫ FKLӃQ OX{Q F~F
FXQJ WXkQ WKӫ WKHR OӋQK TXDQ WKҫ\ /LrQ ;{ Yj 7jX &ӝQJ
NhӳQJ Qә OӵF PѭX WuP PӝW QӅQ +Rj %uQK FKR 9LӋW 1DP JLDL ÿRҥQ
WX\ FKѭD WKjQK F{QJ Yu {QJ 'LӋP Yj 1KX ÿm K\ VLQK FKR ÿҥL QJKƭD TXi
VӟP QӃX YұQ QѭӟF NK{QJ VX\ YL WKu YӟL NKҧ QăQJ OmQK ÿҥR ViQJ VXӕW FӫD
{QJ ELӃW ÿkX 9LӋW 1DP VӁ ÿѭӧF JLҧL TX\ӃW QKѭ Ĉ{QJ Yj 7k\ ĈӭF KLӋQ WKӡL
ĈӯQJ ÿHP WKjQK EҥL Pj OXұQ DQK KQJ 7ҩP OzQJ QKkQ iL WKѭѫQJ
GkQ YӟL QKӳQJ ÿӭF WtQK FҫQ WKLӃW FӫD QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR EDR JӗP
1KkQ 'NJQJ /ѭӧF 7Ut VҷQ VjQJ K\ VLQK WKkQ PuQK ÿӇ EҧR YӋ FKӫ TX\ӅQ
4XӕF *LD 'kQ 7ӝF QKѭ {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP [pW WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP
WKӱ KӓL Fy ÿѭӧF Pҩ\ QJѭӡL

/RQJ ĈLӅQ

1KkQ Nӹ QLӋP QăP QJj\ VөS ÿә ĈӋ 1KҩW 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ
Hoà 1.11.2009-1.11.1963)

7jL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR -http://messageboards.aol.com/aol/en_us/
articles.php?boardId=89539&articleId=68448&func=6&channel=Peo
ple+Connection&filterRead=false&filterHidden=true&filterUnhidden

IDOVH /é '2 &8Ӝ& ĈҦ2 &+È1+ 1*¬< 1963 cua Tran Gia
Phung .

-http://www.vietlinhweb.com/Diendan/index.php?s=324582af7bc
6b8165fee7030738eefcc&showtopic=10467&pid=17520&st=0&#ent
U\ 1*Ð ĈÎ1+ 1+8 1*Ӫ 7521* *,Ҩ& 0Ӝ1* +ÒA BÌNH
.. Nguyen Duy Thanh

http://ongvove.wordpress.com/2009/11/04/quach-
tong-d%E1%BB%A9c-chin-nam-ben-c%E1%BA%A1nh-
t%E1%BB%95ng-th%E1%BB%91ng-ngo-dinh-di%E1%BB%87m/
4XiFK 7zQJ ĈӭF &KtQ QăP ErQ FҥQK 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP
http://nguoitinhuu.com/htvd/cottngodinhdiem.html

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 63

& Ӕ 7 Ә 1 * 7 + Ӕ 1 * 1 * Ð ĈÎ 1 + ', ӊ 0 9 Ӟ, 1 + Ӳ 1 * %¬, +Ӑ& /ӎ&+
6Ӱ /LQK 0өF 75Ҫ1 48é 7+,ӊ1 LL

http://web.datviet.com/blogs/forums/ba-nh-lua-n-tin-ta-c/179903-
YQFK QXD L FVYQ KWPO 9X 1JX &KLHX 3+,ӂ1 &Ӝ1*´ 7521* ',1+
GIA LONG .

- /jP 7KӃ 1jR ĈӇ *LӃW 0ӝW 7әQJ 7KӕQJ"

-http://baovecovang.wordpress.com/2009/09/17/tt_ndd_3/ : Sách
FӫD &DR 7KӃ 'XQJ Yj %6 /ѭѫQJ .KҧL 0LQK 7UҫQ .LP 7X\ӃQ
TRANG

Ĉӎ1+ 0ӊ1+ Ĉ­ $1 %¬,
6iQJ VӟP QJj\ VDX PӝW ÿrP GjL QKҩW PӝW ÿêm không
QJӫ WURQJ O~F WLӃQJ V~QJ YүQ FzQ Qә Oҿ Wҿ ÿkX ÿk\ YӟL QKLӅX ÿiP NKyL
WҥL WUXQJ WkP 7Kӫ Ĉ{ FzQ EӕF OrQ QJKL QJ~W Wӯ FiF Pi\ WKX WKDQK SKiW
UD OӡL ORDQ EiR FӫD SKH ÿҧR FKiQK ÿm Kҥ ÿѭӧF 'LQK *LD /RQJ WKӫ SKӫ
FXӕL FQJ FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ Kӑ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP QKѭQJ DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP ÿã
WUӕQ WKRiW NKӓL 'LQK *LD /RQJ
.KRҧQJ JLӡ FQJ QJj\ ÿjL SKiW WKDQK 6jL *zQ ORDQ PӝW WLQ YҳQ
WҳW ³$QK HP {QJ 'L͏P E͓ E̷W W̩L &Kͫ /ͣQ Yj ÿm W͹ W͵´ 'ѭ OXұQ Eàn
WiQ [{Q [DR SKҫQ ÿ{QJ QJKL QJӡ .K{QJ WLQ DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP ÿm FKӃW
Yj QKҩW Oj NK{QJ WLQ DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP Wӵ ViW 9u DL FNJQJ ELӃW &ӕ 7әQJ
7KӕQJ 'LӋP Oj PӝW QJѭӡL QJRDQ ÿҥR Pj ÿҥR 7KLrQ &K~D FҩP Wӵ ViW
3KH ÿҧR FKiQK NK{QJ FKR ELӃW WKrP WLQ WӭF QjR YӅ FiL FKӃW WURQJ NKL
EiR FKt WKu NK{QJ GiP QyL UҵQJ DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP Eӏ JLӃW
1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP QKұW EiR 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LQ Kình xác
7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP Eӏ FzQJ WD\ YӟL OӡL FK~ WKtFK “Suicide with no hand”
(tӵ ViW NK{QJ Fy WD\ Fy ê PӍD PDL OӡL WK{QJ EiR FӫD SKH ÿҧR FKiQK UҵQJ
DQK HP {QJ 'LӋP Wӵ ViW 9Ӆ VDX QJѭӡL WD Fy WKӇ F{QJ NKDL QyL UҵQJ DQK
HP Fӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ Eӏ JLӃW 1KѭQJ DL JLӃW" 9j DL UD OӋQK JLӃW" Ĉy Oj PӝW
QJKL YҩQ FKR ÿӃQ QD\ YүQ FKѭD ÿѭӧF KRjQ WRjQ SKѫL Ej\ UD iQK ViQJ
7KӡL JLDQ QKѭ FKLӃF Oi ED\ YqR 0ӑL YLӋF WѭӣQJ QKѭ PӟL [ҧ\ UD
QJj\ K{P TXD WKӃ Pj ÿm ViX QăP 9jR WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF NKL WӕF ÿӝ Fòn tính
EҵQJ FKөF Fk\ Vӕ WKu QăP TXD Oj TXmQJ WKӡL JLDQ TXi QJҳQ FKѭD ÿӫ
PӝW NKRҧQJ FiFK NK{QJ JLDQ FҫQ Yj ÿӫ ÿӇ Fy WKӇ SKѫL Ej\ WҩW Fҧ PӑL Vӵ
WKұW YӅ PӝW ELӃQ Fӕ OӏFK Vӱ 1KѭQJ QJj\ QD\ WӕF ÿӝ WtQK EҵQJ QJàn cây
Vӕ QăP Oj WKӡL JLDQ TXi ÿӫ ÿӇ QyL WKұW QyL KӃW YӅ PӝW ELӃQ Fӕ OӏFK Vӱ
0ӛL ELӃQ Fӕ OӏFK Vӱ Fy PӝW JLi WUӏ ULrQJ FӫD Qy YjR WKӡL ÿҥL FӫD Qy 0ӛL
JLDL ÿRҥQ OӏFK Vӱ FNJQJ Fy PӝW JLi WUӏ NKiF QKDX &KӍ ULrQJ Vӵ WKұW Fy JLi

64 LONG ĐIỀN

WUӏ PX{Q ÿӡL 9j FiL Ju Oj Vӵ WKұW SKҧL WUҧ YӅ YӟL Vӵ WKұW

ViӃW YӅ PӝW JLDL ÿRҥQ FҫP TX\ӅQ VXӕW QăP FӫD Fӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
1J{ Ĉình DiӋP NK{QJ QKҵP PөF ÿtFK ELӋQ PLQK FKR DL KRһF NӃW WӝL
DL Pj FKӍ PXӕQ QyL OrQ PӝW Vӵ WKұW

6ӵ WKӵF VӁ JKL WӝL Yj F{QJ WUҥQJ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy F{QJ 1JѭӡL
YLӃW NK{QJ GiP OjP YLӋF FӫD PӝW Vӱ JLD Pj FKӍ PXӕQ JyS SKҫQ QKӓ
YjR YLӋF VRL ViQJ FKR PӝW JLDL ÿRҥQ JD\ JR FӫD OӏFK Vӱ PӝW JLDL ÿRҥQ
ÿҫ\ QKӳQJ ELӃQ FKX\ӇQ Yj Et PұW

&iL FKӃW FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP NK{QJ ÿѫQ JLҧQ QKѭ PӝW
Yө WKDQK WRiQ FKtQK WUӏ Yj WKRiQ ÿRҥW TX\ӅQ KjQK ӣ FҩS OmQK ÿҥR WKѭӧQJ
WҫQJ TXӕF JLD

&iL FKӃW FӫD ÐQJ ÿm ELӇX KLӋQ WUӑQ YҽQ WKkQ SKұQ FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ
QKѭӧF WLӇX È 3KL Yj JҫQ KѫQ QӳD WKkQ SKұQ FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP \êu
QѭӟF G Fy SKҥP QKӳQJ OӛL OҫP QjR YүQ FzQ JLӳ ÿѭӧF OzQJ Wӵ iL TXӕF JLD
Yj Fҧ GDQK Gӵ FӫD GkQ WӝF 7UѭӟF KӃW FiL FKӃW FӫD {QJ G FiFK QjR FNJQJ
FKӍ Oj NӃW TXҧ FӫD PӝW OzQJ \rX QѭӟF Yj FKӍ NK{QJ FKӏX F~L ÿҫX NKXҩW
SKөF WUѭӟF QKӳQJ WKӃ OӵF QJRҥL EDQJ QKҵP NKX\QK ÿҧR ÿҩW QѭӟF Qày và
WҥR UD QKӳQJ KRjQ FҧQK WDQ Um Yj PӛL QJj\ FjQJ WKrP WDQ Um

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP Yj EjR ÿӋ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX Eӏ EҳQ FKӃW Yào sáng
QJj\ WӭF Oj ÿm QăP TXD 7KӡL JLDQ Qj\ TXҧ Oj QJҳQ QJӫL VR
YӟL JLzQJ OӏFK Vӱ 1KѭQJ YӟL WKӡL ÿҥL FӫD WӕF ÿӝ NK{QJ JLDQ QKѭ KLӋQ
QD\ WKu QăP FNJQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj TXmQJ ÿѭӡQJ TXi QJҳQ 1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ
FiL FKӃW FӫD DQK HP 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP QJD\ Ek\ JLӡ FNJQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oà
YҩQ ÿӃ TXi VӟP YӝL YjQJ Yu KLӇQ QKLrQ WURQJ ViX QăP TXD PLӅQ 1DP
ÿm WUҧL TXD EDR QKLrX ELӃQ Fӕ EDR QKLrX OҫQ WKD\ FKӫ ÿәL QJ{L 1KѭQJ
Vӵ NLӋQ GLӉQ ELӃQ FӫD WKӡL FXӝF FNJQJ ÿm ÿӫ FXQJ ӭQJ FKҩW OLӋX FKR WD
Fy WKӇ EuQK WkP QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FiL FKӃW FӫD 7 7 'LӋP FQJ Vӵ VөS ÿә FӫD
FKӃ ÿӝ ĈӋ 1KҩW &ӝQJ +zD

&KLӃQ 7UDQK 9LӋW 1DP ĈӝF /ұS 4XӕF *LD Yà Lý
7ѭӣQJ 7ӵ 'R +ҥQK SK~F19

7LӃQ Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF 7ҩQ WKiQJ

ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP WҥR UD \ӃX Wӕ ³QKkQ KzD´ NKL ÿӭQJ UD Oãnh
ÿҥR PӝW FKtQK SKӫ ³SK~F OӧL´ ÿӇ KѭӟQJ GүQ FKtQK ViFK SKiW WUӇQ GkQ
VLQK ÐQJ ORQJ WUӑQJ WX\rQ Eӕ ³FKtQK SKͯ GR W{L OmQK ÿ̩R Fy P͡W
QKL͏P Yͭ GX\ QK̭W Oj E̫R Y͏ Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S TX͙F JLD Y̫ QkQJ FDR ÿͥL V͙QJ
Yj K̩QK SK~F FKR WRjQ GkQ ´

ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK GLӋP NK{QJ SKҧL E QKuQ KD\ WD\ VDL FӫD 0ӻ QKѭ
OXұQ ÿLӋX WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 7әQJ 7K{QJ 0ӻ Yj

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 65

QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW FDR FҩS +RD .Ǥ ÿm WӯQJ WLӃS [~F Yj OjP YLӋF YӟL {QJ
'LӋP ÿӅX WKӯD QKұQ FiL OұS WUѭӡQJ ÿӝF OұS VҳW ÿi FӫD {QJ 'LӋP ÐQJ
'LӋP WKѭӡQJ QKҳF QKӣ FiF YLrQ FKӭF 0ӻ UҵQJ “Chúng tôi không mu͙Q
WUͧ WKjQK P͡W Q˱ͣF E̫R K͡ FͯD QJ ˱ͥL 0Ϳ ´

.KL ELӃQ Fӕ FKtQK WUӏ [ҧ\ UD ĈҥL 6ӭ 0ӻ &DERW /RGJH ÿã
ÿLӋQ WKRҥL Yj \rX FҫX 77 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Km\ UӡL Eӓ 'LQK *LD /RQJ ÿӇ
ÿӃQ Wӏ QҥQ WҥL 7zD ĈҥL 6ӭ 0ӻ Yu FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK SKҧQ ORҥQ Fy WKӇ VӁ JLӃW
DQK HP {QJ 77 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿm WUҧ OӡL {QJ ĈҥL 6ӭ /RGJH QKѭ VDX

³7KѭD {QJ ĈҥL 6ӭ {QJ Fy ELӃW {QJ ÿDQJ QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL DL NK{QJ"
Tôi muӕQ EiR FKR {QJ ELӃW UҵQJ {QJ ÿDQJ QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL PӝW 7әQJ
7KӕQJ FӫD PӝW TXӕF JLD ÿӝF OұS Fy FKӫ TX\ӅQ 7{L FKӍ UӡL NKӓL ÿҩW
QѭӟF Qj\ QӃX ÿy Oj QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ FӫD GkQ WӝF W{L 7{L VӁ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ
UD GL WKHR \rX FҫX FӫD PӝW Vӕ WѭӟQJ OmQK SKҧQ ORҥQ KD\ FӫD {QJ ĈҥL
6ӭ 0ӻ´

7URQJ 7K{QJ ĈLӋS 7ӃW 77 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP WiL [iF QKұQ
QJX\rQ WҳF Qj\

³0ӛL QJѭӡL Q{QJ GkQ NK{QJ Fy UXӝQJ Fj\ PӛL QJѭӡL GkQ VӕQJ ӣ
WKjQK SKӕ ÿӅX SKҧL ÿѭӧF KѭӣQJ TX\ӅQ µWjL VҧQ FăQ EҧQ¶ ´

ÐQJ &{ YҩQ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX ÿm JLҧL WKtFK FKtQK ViFK ³7jL VҧQ FăQ
EҧQ´ PӝW FiFK FKL WLӃW KѫQ Yj YDL WUz WӕL FҫQ WKLӃW FӫD Qy ÿӕL YӟL ³TXDQ
QLӋP PӟL YӅ TX\ӅQ Wѭ KӳX´ 4X\ӅQ Wѭ KӳX VӁ FXQJ ӭQJ PӝW FăQ EҧQ
YұW FKҩW FҫQ WKLӃW ÿӇ PӑL QJѭӡL Fy Fѫ KӝL KRjQ WKjQK Vӭ PӋQK WLQK WKҫQ
WkP OLQK ÿm ÿѭӧF Fә Y} WURQJ &Kӫ 1JKƭD 1KkQ 9ӏ 4X\ӅQ Vӣ KӳX
PӝW FăQ QKj QҵP WUrQ PӝW PҧQK ÿҩW UӝQJ Wӯ KDL VjR UѭӥL ÿӃQ Eҧ\ Vào
UѭӥL DFUHV Fy WKӇ VҧQ [XҩW ÿӫ JҥR ăQ Yj KRD PҫX FKR PӝW
JLD ÿuQK Ĉk\ FKtQK Oj PӝW EҧR ÿҧP FKҳF FKҳQ YӅ NLQK WӃ FKR YLӋF [k\
GӵQJ WLQK WKҫQ ÿӝF OұS FӫD PӛL F{QJ GkQ QJRjL UD Qy FzQ FXQJ ӭQJ ÿҫ\
ÿӫ QKX \ӃX FKR PӛL F{QJ QKkQ WKjQK SKӕ WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Kӑ Eӏ WKҩW
QJKLӋS ´1͇X P͟L QJ˱ͥL F{QJ GkQ QJRjL F{QJ YL͏F OjP FKLQK ḘW Fͱ
WURQJ NKX Y͹F F{QJ KD\ W˱ Pj JLD ÿuQK K͕ O̩L Fy WKrP P͡W OͫL WͱF SKͭ
WU͡L Wͳ ³PL͇QJ WjL V̫Q FăQ E̫Q ÿy´ K͕ Fy WK͋ QK̵S FKXQJ OͫL WͱF YͣL
QKDX 7URQJ WU˱ͥQJ KͫS ÿy K͕ Vͅ Fy ÿͯ NK̫ QăQJ ÿ͋ ÿyQJ WKX͇ Yà còn
Fy WK͋ GQJ V͙ WL͉Q FzQ O̩L WKDP JLD YͣL FKtQK SKͯ ÿ͋ [k\ G͹QJ NKX Y͹F
NͿ QJK͏ QͷD ´

;LQ NӇ UD PӝW YjL FRQ Vӕ Fө WKӇ OjP EҵQJ FKӭQJ 1yL FKXQJ VDX
QăP WKӵF KLӋQ FKtQK ViFK 1KkQ 9ӏ ³WjL VҧQ FăQ EҧQ´ TXDQ QLӋP YӅ
YLӋF [k\ GӵQJ PӝW [m KӝL Wӵ W~F Wӵ FѭӡQJ WҥL 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP
ÿm WUӣ WKjQK KLӋQ WKӵF 9jR QăP YүQ FzQ ÿLӅQ FKӫ OjP FKӫ
KѫQ SKҫQ WUăP ÿҩW UXӝQJ WҥL 1DP 9LӋW 1DP Yj WURQJ Vӕ ÿy Fy

66 LONG ĐIỀN

QJѭӡL 3KiS Yj QJѭӡL 9LӋW PӛL QJѭӡL OjP FKӫ KѫQ PҭX UXӝQJ
KHFWDUHV 1KѭQJ EiR FiR WURQJ QJj\ 6RQJ 7KҩW FKR WKҩ\
KѫQ PүX ÿm ÿѭӧF FҩS SKiW FKR Q{QJ GkQ WKHR QJX\rQ WҳF WjL VҧQ
FăQ EҧQ´ 1JRjL UD FzQ Fy WUăP QJjQ NKӃ ѭӟF ÿm ÿѭӧF Nê NӃW JLӳD
ÿLӅQ FKӫ Yj Wi ÿLӅQ ĈӇ WK~F ÿҭ\ YLӋF FDQK WiF FKtQK SKӫ FzQ FKo nông
GkQ KRһF TXD KӧS WiF [m Q{QJ QJKLӋS PѭӧQ PӝW WәQJ Vӕ WLӅQ OrQ ÿӃQ
FKөF WULӋX ÿӗQJ .ӃW TXҧ GLӋQ WtFK FDQK WiF ÿm WăQJ OrQ
PүX WӭF VR YӟL QăP Oj PүX 9j ÿӃQ FXӕL QăP
FKtQK SKӫ ÿm WUXҩW KӳX PүX UXӝQJ FӫD ÿLӅQ FKӫ ÿӇ
FҩS EiQ FKR Q{QJ GkQ 1JRjL UD Fy PүX ÿҩW GR QJѭӡL
3KiS OjP FKӫ ÿm Eӏ WUXҩW KӳX WURQJ ÿy Fy KѫQ QJjQ PүX ÿm ÿѭӧF
FҩS Yj EiQ OҥL FKR GkQ FK~QJ &KtQK SKӫ ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ NKҭX KLӋX ³&ѫP
QR iR ҩP´ TXD YLӋF QkQJ FDR PӭF VӕQJ FӫD Q{QJ GkQ Yj JLD ÿuQK ÿӗQJ
WKӡL JLD WăQJ WәQJ VҧQ OѭӧQJ O~D JҥR ÿӇ PDX FKyQJ WLӃQ ÿӃQ Wӵ W~F Wӵ
FѭӡQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF WKӵF WKL NKҳS PLӅQ 1DP Wӯ WKjQK WKӏ ÿӃQ WK{Q TXr 1ăP
PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WKӵF Vӵ WUӣ WKjQK PӝW [m KӝL QR ҩP Yj Vӕ
OѭӧQJ Q{QJ SKҭP [XҩW FҧQJ ÿm ÿӭQJ ÿҫX WURQJ Vӕ FiF QѭӟF Ĉ{QJ 1DP
Á. NӅQ ĈӋ 1KҩW &ӝQJ +zD ÿm ÿҥW ÿѭӧF WKjQK TXҧ WӕW ÿҽS Qày vì khi có
ÿѭӧF ³WKӡL Yj ÿӏD OӧL´ ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP ÿm WҥR \ӃX Wӕ ³QKkQ Kòa”,
Wӯ OmQK ÿҥR ÿӃQ Fѫ FҩX FKtQK TX\ӅQ Yj FKtQK ViFK SKiW WULӇQ ÿӅX Oҩ\
³FRQ QJ ѭӡL´ OjP FӭX FiQK WӕL KұX /ӏFK Vӱ JKL QKұQ ÿk\ Oj PӝW FKtQK
SKӫ KӧS OzQJ GkQ

1KѭQJ FKtQK ViFK ³WjL VҧQ FăQ EҧQ´ ĈӋ , &ӝQJ +Rj ÿѭD FRQ QJѭӡL
Yj [m KӝL KұX WKXӝF ÿӏD 9LӋW 1DP WLӃn dҫQ Wӵ W~F Wӵ FѭӡQJ YӅ PӑL PһW
OҥL NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FiF QKj OjP FKtQK ViFK +RD .Ǥ ÿyQ QKұQ %iR FKt Yà
FiF Fѫ TXDQ WUX\ӅQ WK{QJ 0ӻ ÿm ÿѭӧF OӋQK Pӣ PӝW FKLӃQ GӏFK ÿiQK
SKi YLӋF [k\ GӵQJ TXӕF ViFK ҨS &KLӃQ /ѭӧF +ӑ QKҩW ÿӏQK SKi KӓQJ
Qӛ OӵF WLӃQ ÿӃQ ÿӝF OұS Wӵ FKӫ FӫD FiF QKj OmQK ÿҥR QӅQ ĈӋ 1KҩW &ӝQJ
+zD Yu ҨS &KLӃQ /ѭӧF Oj PӝW KӋ WKӕQJ FKtQK WUӏ NLQK WӃ Yj [m KӝL
KRjQ WRjQ Wӵ W~F
/ê GR FӫD Kӑ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj Y{ FăQ Fӭ 1rX TXӕF
ViFK ҨS &KLӃQ /ѭӧF ÿѭӧF KRjQ WKjQK WUrQ WRjQ OmQK WKә PLӅQ 1DP KӋ
WKӕQJ WK{Q ҩS Qj\ VӁ Oj PӝW EҧR ÿҧP FKҳF FKҳQ FKR ĈӝF /ұS Yj 7ӵ 'R
FăQ EҧQ FӫD GkQ FK~QJ 1JѭӡL 0ӻ VӁ JһS NKy NKăQ NKL PXӕQ [HQ Yào
QӝL Eӝ FӫD 1DP 9LӋW 1DP

&KR QrQ NKL {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP FKӃW ÿL WKӡL FӫD QӅQ ĈӋ , &ӝQJ
+zD FNJQJ TXD ÿL 0ӝW [m KӝL ÿӝF OұS Wӵ GR Yj KҥQK SK~F FNJQJ ELӃQ PҩW
0LӅQ 1DP OҥL PӝW OҫQ QӳD UѫL YjR YzQJ OӋ WKXӝF +RD .Ǥ Pӣ ÿѭӡQJ
cho thҧP NӏFK WKiQJ QăP
&ӵX *LiP ĈӕF &,$ :LOOLDP
&ROE\ NKL QKuQ OҥL &791 ÿm WLQ UҵQJ OӏFK Vӱ Fy WKӇ ÿѭӧF YLӃW OҥL “NӃX

ÿӇ {QJ 'LӋP VӕQJ {QJ 'LӋP VӁ Fy NKҧ QăQJ FӫQJ Fӕ Yj FҧL Wә TX\ӅQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 67

OӵF VӁ WăQJ WULӇQ FKLӃQ OѭӧF WK{Q ҩS FQJ YӟL QKӳQJ FiQ Eӝ WӯQJ
FӝQJ WiF YӟL FKӃ ÿӝ FӫD {QJ ´

´ĈӋ QKҩW &ӝQJ +zD 9LӋW 1DP 0ӝW FXӝF FiFK
PҥQJ´20 TX\ӇQ ViFK FӫD WLӃQ Vƭ 3KҥP 9ăQ /ѭX Yj WLӃQ Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF
7ҩQ WUDQJ Fy FKѭѫQJ

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 7 6 /kP /Ӊ 7ULQK YӅ NKt WLӃW FӫD Fӕ 77 1J{ Ĉình
'LӋP WURQJ QJӳQJ QJj\ FXӕL FQJ FӫD FXӝF ĈҧR &KiQK
QKѭ VDX

- .+Ë 7,ӂ7 9¬ /­1+ ĈҤ2 ³7X\ӇQ WұS 7KӭF 7ӍQK 4XӕF *LD
Yj &ӝQJ VҧQ ³&KѭѫQJ , /ӏFK Vӱ Yj FKtQK WUӏ WUDQJ FӫD * 6
/kP /Ӊ 7ULQK 7Kӫ\ +RD 7UDQJ LQ QăP

Lâm L͍ 7ULQK

³6XӕW QăP QD\ PӛL NKL QJj\ WKiQJ WUӣ OҥL KuQK ҧQK WKҧP ViW
7әQJ WKӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP YүQ NKѫL Gұ\ WURQJ WkP WKӭF TXҫQ FK~QJ
QKӳQJ kP YDQJ FKXD [yW QKѭQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FNJQJ QKҳF QKӣ QKӳQJ NLQK
QJKLӋP Eә tFK FKR FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK WѭѫQJ ODL

1KkQ GӏS Qj\ NK{QJ QrQ SKt WKӡL JLӡ ÿӇ Wӕ JLiF PӝW FiFK WLrX FӵF
QKӳQJ VDL OҫP FӫD +RD NǤ KjQK YL EӝL SKҧQ FӫD FiF QJѭӡL ÿӝL OӕW TXӕF
gia và sӵ SKi KRҥL FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ 7KұW Yұ\ FKR ÿӃQ QD\ Y{ Vӕ YăQ NKӕ
JLҧL PұW FӫD FKtQK TX\ӅQ 0ӻ F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ FӭX FӫD FiF WKӭF JLҧ
QKӳQJ OӡL WK~ QKұQ FӫD PӝW Vӕ QKkQ FKӭQJ OLrQ KӋ Yj ÿһF ELӋW Wình
WUҥQJ NKiQK WұQ FӫD [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD ÿm Yj ÿDQJ OjP FKX\ӋQ ÿy WUѭӟF
F{QJ OXұQ TXӕF WӃ

/ӏFK Vӱ FұQ ÿҥL 9LӋW 1DP VӁ PmL JKL OҥL PӝW ÿLӅX ViQJ Wӓ 4X\ӃW
ÿӏQK FӫD 77 'LӋP WLӃS [~F YjR JLӡ FKyW YӟL TXkQ ÿҧR FKtQK FKӭQJ
PLQK {QJ PXӕQ WuP PӝW JLҧL SKiS GkQ WӝF {Q KzD 6ӵ K\ VLQK GNJQJ FҧP
FӫD 7әQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP Yj EjR ÿӋ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX ÿm WUiQK FKR PLӅQ 1DP
91 FҧQK QӗL GD [iR WKӏW JLӳD QJѭӡL TXӕF JLD Yj EҧR WRjQ WLӅP QăQJ
NKiQJ FӝQJ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FӵF NǤ QJX\ NӏFK 6ӵ K\ VLQK ҩ\ FzQ Oj PӝW
OӡL NrX JӑL WKӕQJ WKLӃW JӣL ÿӃQ FKR FҩS FKӍ KX\ 4XkQ ÿӝL ÿӯQJ YRQJ
EәQ YӑQJ QJRҥL Yj FKӉQK PҧQJ WURQJ FXӝF FKӕQJ FӝQJ FӭX QѭӟF 7LӃF
WKD\ OӡL NrX Qj\ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF OҳQJ QJKH 1KyP WҥR SKҧQ Eӏ QJRҥL EDQJ
PXD FKXӝF 1ӕL JyW -XGDV YӟL PӝW JLi Uҿ PҥW QJjQ ÿ{ Kӑ ÿm JLӃW
OmQK Wө Yj EiQ ÿӭQJ 7ӵ GR FӫD ED FKөF WULӋX ÿӗQJ EjR PLӅQ 1DP +ӑ
ÿm JL~S +RD NǤ WKD\ WRjQ GLӋQ PӝW WKӃ Fӡ 9ӟL QJjQ ÿ{

7URQJ QKӳQJ JLӡ SK~W FXӕL FQJ FXӝF ÿӡL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP KRàn
WRjQ F{ ÿѫQ ÿӗQJ PLQK EӝL EҥF GkQ WӝF KLӇX OҫP QJѭӡL WKkQ WUӣ PһW
và kҿ WKù cӝQJ VҧQ UHR PӯQJ &ҫX QJX\ӋQ OҫQ FKyW ViQJ QJày 1.11.1963

68 LONG ĐIỀN

WҥL WKiQK ÿѭӡQJ &KD 7DP &KӧOӟQ YӟL {QJ 1KX TXǤ ErQ FҥQK QKѭQJ
NK{QJ FKҳF ÿӗQJ PӝW WkP Wѭ 77 'LӋP KҷQ Y{ FQJ [yW [D FKR ĈҩW
1ѭӟF 5} Oj PӝW WkP WUҥQJ FKiQ FKѭӡQJ QJ~W WUӡL Oҿ ORL Y{ WұQ 1ӛL F{
ÿѫQ UD\ UӭW FӫD PӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ FQJ ÿѭӡQJ &ӫD PӝW GkQ WӝF Eӏ FKèn ép.
/RҥL F{ ÿѫQ WӯQJ ÿѭӧF QKj ÿҥL YăQ KjR *DEULHO *DUFLD 0DUTXH] GLӉQ
Wҧ VkX VҳF WURQJ WX\ӋW SKҭP ³2QH +XQGUHG \HDUV RI 6ROLWXGH 0ӝW WUăP
QăP WӏFK OLrX ´

+ӗ Vѫ JLҧL PұW FӫD %ӝ 1JRҥL JLDR +RD NǤ JKL OҥL QKѭ VDX QӝL GXQJ
ÿLӋQ ÿjP OҫQ FKyW JLӳD 'LӋP Yj &DERW /RGJH

'LӋP ³9jL ÿѫQ Yӏ ÿm QәL ORҥQ Yj W{L PXӕQ ELӃW WKiL ÿӝ FӫD &KtQK
SKӫ 0ӻ ´

/RGJH ³ 7{L NK{QJ Fy ÿӫ WLQ WӭF ÿӇ WUҧ OӡL FKR 1Jài. Tôi có nghe
V~QJ Qә QKѭQJ NK{QJ ELӃW U} WҩW Fҧ FiF Vӵ NLӋQ %k\ JLӡ Oj ViQJ WҥL
+RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ Yj &KtQK SKӫ +RD NǤ NK{QJ Fy TXDQ ÿLӇP Ju ´

'LӋP ³7{L ÿm Fӕ JҳQJ OjP EәQ SKұQ FӫD W{L ´

/RGJH ³1Kѭ W{L ÿm WKѭD YӟL 1JjL ViQJ QD\ 7{L NKkP SKөF FDQ
ÿҧP FӫD 1JjL Yj QKӳQJ ÿyQJ JyS WR OӟQ FӫD 1JjL FKR TXê TXӕF 1ӃX
W{L Fy WKӇ OjP Ju ÿѭӧF FKR Vӵ DQ WRjQ FӫD EҧQ WKkQ 1JjL [LQ NrX W{L ´

TәQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP OLӅQ JiF ÿLӋQ WKRҥL ÐQJ JLӳ YӳQJ NKt SKiFK ÿӃQ
FQJ ' Fy QKӳQJ Vѫ Kӣ NKy WKӇ WUiQK WURQJ O~F FҫP TX\ӅQ OӏFK Vӱ YӅ
VDX VӁ SKkQ WtFK F{QJ Yj WӝL {QJ TX\ӃW NK{QJ OjP QKөF TXӕF WKӇ - )
.HQQHG\ OүQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NK{QJ GiP FRL WKѭӡQJ 7UѭӟF VDX QKѭ PӝW
77 'LӋP NK{QJ QKkQ QKѭӧQJ NK{QJ ÿҫX KjQJ /jP VDR Fy WKӇ QJҭng
ÿҫX FDR QӃX ÿL EҵQJ ÿҫX JӕL "

'L QJKLӋS FKtQK WUӏ FӫD 7әQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP OѭX FKR KұX WKӃ Oj PӝW
WK{QJ ÿLӋS QyQJ FKi\ 7ULӋW ÿӇ EҧR YӋ FKӫ TX\ӅQ Yj WKӇ WKӕQJ TXӕF
JLD WURQJ PӑL KRjQ FҧQK 1JD\ Wӯ ÿҫX FXӝF FKLӃQ +RD NǤ Yà VNCH
TXDQ QLӋP NKiF QKDX PӕL OLrQ KӋ ÿӗQJ PLQK JLӳD KDL QѭӟF 7ӯ ÿy
VLQK UD QKӳQJ EҩW ÿӗQJ GүQ ÿӃQ EҩW KzD Yj NӃW WK~F EҵQJ Vӵ EӭF Wӱ FӫD
0LӅQ 1DP Ĉ~QJ Yұ\ TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD 0ӻ Yj 91 FKrQK OӋFK &KtQK SKӫ
6jLJzQ FKӕQJ %ҳF 9LӋW ÿӇ EҧR WRjQ GkQ FKӫ Yj ÿӝF OұS WURQJ NKL +RD
NǤ GQJ 91&+ QKѭ FRQ Fӡ WKt WURQJ NӃ KRҥFK TXkQ EuQK WKӃ OӵF WҥL È
FKkX FKӕQJ %ҳF NLQK EjQK WUѭӟQJ Yj Jk\ FKLD UӁ JLӳD 1JD 7jX

4XӕF KӝL 0ӻ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ WX\rQ FKLӃQ F{QJ NKDL YӟL +j 1ӝL
WUiQK Qp EҧR ÿҧP DQ QLQK FӫD 91&+ EҵQJ PӝW KLӋS ѭӟF QKѭ WҥL 1DP
+jQ NK{QJ FKR 4XkQ GӝL PLӅQ 1DP YѭӧW Yӻ WX\ӃQ NKyD WDy Hành
SKiS EҵQJ ÿҥR OXұW :DU 3RZHU $FW Yj FXӕL FQJ NK{QJ EұQ WkP WK{QJ
qua theo thӫ WөF KLӃQ ÿӏQK +LӋS ѭӟF ÿình chiӃQ 3DULV

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 69

6DX WKiQJ 0ӻ ÿm GjQK KӃW WUiFK QKLӋP ÿLӅX NKLӇQ FXӝF
FKLӃQ ÿӇ ÿӉ EӅ WKDR W~QJ 7\ WKHR QKX FҫX FKtQK ViFK +RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ
ÿm QJҥR PҥQ 0ӻ KyD VDX ÿy 9LӋW 1DP KRi FKLӃQ WUDQK ÿӇ UӗL QăP
1973, hӕL Kҧ U~W NKӓL YNJQJ Oҫ\ 9LӋW 1DP PӝW WHUUD LQFRJQLWD [D Oҥ YӟL
0ӻ YӅ WkP Oê Yj WұS TXiQ

ĈҥL FѭӡQJ +RD NǤ WKLӃX NLrQ QKүQ ÿiQK NK{QJ PXӕQ WKҳQJ NK{QJ
WK{QJ KLӇX FKLӃQ WUDQK QKkQ GkQ ÿRiQ VDL TX\ӃW WkP FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ Yà
Eӓ UѫL &KtQK SKӫ PLӅQ 1DP

ÆP PѭX JLӃW KҥL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP Oj PӝW YӃW QKѫ PӝW ³PӕL iP
ҧQK ÿHR ÿXәL GDL GҷQJ OѭѫQJ WkP QѭӟF 0ӻ TXҫQ FK~QJ Yà nhà lãnh
ÿҥR [ӭ Qj\ WҥR UD KӝL FKӭQJ 9LӋW 1DP ´ ³$QQH %ODLU WURQJ WiF SKҭP
Lodge in VN, nhà xuҩW EҧQ <DOH 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV 1HZ +DYHQ
trang 190)

7ҥL +RD NǤ Fy PӝW FkX WK{QJ GөQJ ³1JѭӡL TXi Fӕ NK{QJ NӇ FKX\ӋQ
KRDQJ ÿѭӡQJ 'HDG PHQ WHOO QR WDOHV ´ &iL FKӃW FӫD 7әQJ WKӕQJ 'LӋP Wӵ
Qy ÿm OӟQ WLӃQJ Wӕ FiR PDQJ QһQJ ê QJKƭD Yj Gҥ\ QKLӅX EjL KӑF 9Ӆ EҥQ
Yj WK 9Ӆ QKkQ WuQK WKӃ WKiL 9Ӆ ĈLӇP Yj 'LӋQ WURQJ FKLӃQ OѭӧF WUѭӡQJ
NǤ 9j EDR QKLrX FKX\ӋQ NKiF ËW QӳD Fy KDL EjL KӑF NK{QJ WKӇ TXrQ

7UѭӟF KӃW PӝW TXӕF JLD NK{QJ Fy WKkQ KӳX FKӍ Fy TX\ӅQ OӧL .K{QJ
PӝW [ӭ QjR OLӅX FKӃW EҧR YӋ TX\ӅQ VӕQJ FzQ FӫD PӝW QѭӟF NKiF .K{QJ
WKӇ ӫ\ TX\ӅQ \rX QѭӟF FKR QJRҥL EDQJ &iF ÿҥL FѭӡQJ Gùng chiêu bài
'kQ FKӫ 7ӵ GR Yj 1KkQ TX\ӅQ ÿӇ PһF Fҧ Yj Jk\ iS OӵF .K{QJ Wӵ OӵF
WUDQK WKӫ NLrQ WUu TXҧ FҧP Yj Fy NӃ KRҥFK WKu NK{QJ KѭӣQJ ÿѭӧF 'kQ
FKӫ Yj QKkQ TX\ӅQ WKұW Vӵ

%jL KӑF WKӭ KDL Oj EҩW OXұQ Vӵ OLrQ PLQK QjR YӟL PӝW WKӃ OӵF Eên
QJRjL G PҥQK UD VDR UӗL FNJQJ VӁ ÿѭD GҩW QѭӟF YjR QJ} FөW QӃX NK{QJ
Fy QKkQ GkQ KұX WKXүQ &iL WKӃ GkQ WӝF Y{ ÿӏFK Yà vô song. Không tin
WѭӣQJ NK{QJ WҥR UD Yj WұQ GөQJ ³WKӃ GkQ WӝF´ WKu WKҩW EҥL ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ
ThҩW EҥL WKê thҧP &Kӫ WKX\ӃW FKӃ ÿӝ TX\ӅQ OӵF WҩW Fҧ ÿӅX Oà phù
GX UӕW FXӝF VӁ WDQ ELӃQ YӟL WKӡL JLDQ +ѭ GDQK PӑL YLӋF FKӍ Oj Kѭ GDQK
&KӍ Fy 'kQ WӝF PӟL WUѭӡQJ WӗQ Yj YƭQK FӱX 'kQ WӝF EҩW GLӋW

&ӝQJ VҧQ ÿm WKLӃW OұS ӣ 9LӋW 1DP PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ TXҧQ FKӃ Kành chính,
NKӫQJ Eӕ ÿLӇQ KuQK NKӫQJ Eӕ W{Q JLiR NKӫQJ Eӕ VҳF WӝF WKLӇX Vӕ
NKӫQJ Eӕ ÿӕL OұS Yj NKӫQJ Eӕ TXҫQ FK~QJ ;m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD WUrQ ÿj
PҥW YұQ WUѭӟF VDX Ju FNJQJ FKҩP GӭW 9ҩQ ÿӅ FӕW \ӃX NK{QJ SKҧL Oà
FKӯQJ QjR &6 UD ÿL Pj Oj FK~QJ WD ÿm Yj ÿDQJ OjP Ju ÿӇ [~F WLӃQ YLӋF
ҩ\ Yj ÿһF ELӋW ÿӇ WKD\ WKӃ Kӑ " 7KD\ WKӃ FiFK QjR" EҵQJ PӝW WKӇ FKӃ
NKi KѫQ VҥFK VӁ KѫQ KD\ NK{QJ" &KtQK Vӵ FKLD UӁ Yj WKLӃX TX\ӃW WkP

70 LONG ĐIỀN

FӫD FiQK TXӕF JLD JL~S FKR &ӝQJ VҧQ WӗQ WҥL

********

ĈӇ NӃW OXұQ WKD\ Yu OҥF TXDQ WӃX KD\ EL TXDQ WKiL TXi WKLӇQ QJKƭ
chúng ta nên bình tƭQK NKiFK TXDQ QKұQ WKӭF FiF ELӃQ FKX\ӇQ WUӑQJ ÿҥL
WURQJ QѭӟF Yj ErQ QJRjL ÿӇ KjQK ÿӝQJ WKtFK ӭQJ

7KӃ JLӟL KLӋQ ÿDQJ OkP YjR PӝW Vӵ NKӫQJ KRҧQJ Y{ WLӅQ NKoáng
KұX +RD NǤ ÿDQJ WUӵF GLӋQ PӝW WKiFK WKӭF PӟL KLӇP ÿӝF KѫQ FKLӃQ
WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP Yu NK{QJ Fy WUұQ ÿӏD U} UjQJ Nҿ WK Y{ GDQK QKѭQJ KLӋQ
GLӋQ NKҳS QѫL

&ăQ QJX\rQ FӫD PӑL YҩQ ÿӅ Oj VLrX FѭӡQJ +RD NǤ TXi PҥQK Qên
FRL WKѭӡQJ ÿӗQJ PLQK KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿѫQ SKѭѫQJ WҥR NKRҧQJ FiFK QJKèo
JLjX TXi VkX Yj Jk\ EҩW PmQ WURQJ NKӕL TXӕF JLD QKѭӧF WLӇX

7KiQK FKLӃQ Fy WKӇ EQJ Qә Jk\ ÿLrX OLQK FKR ÿӏD FҫX

9ӟL WLQK WKҫQ TX\ӃW Wӱ Y} NKt WK{ Vѫ Yj FKLӃQ OѭӧF GX NtFK WLQK
YL GQJ ³Jұ\ {QJ ÿұS OѭQJ {QJ´ FzQ ÿѭӧF PӋQK GDQK FKLӃQ OѭӧF
ERRPHUDQJ NKӕL +ӗL JLiR FXӗQJ WtQ ÿH GӑD QJѭӡL 0ӻ QJD\ WUrQ ÿҩW
0ӻ 9} OӵF VX{QJ NK{QJ ÿHP OҥL EzD EuQK .K{QJ WKӇ GQJ E~D Wҥ ÿӇ
ÿұS UXӗL PXӛL 0ӻ FҫQ WiL [pW WRjQ Eӝ WURQJ ÿѭӡQJ KѭӟQJ WKӵF WӃ Yj Wӯ
WӕQ FKtQK ViFK ÿӕL QJRҥL TXkQ Vӵ Yj YLӋQ WUӧ 0ӻ FҫQ FKӭQJ PLQK YӟL
WKӃ JLӟL TXӕF JLD Qj\ Oj PӝW TXӕF JLD ELӃW WKѭѫQJ [yW D FRPSDVVLRQDWH
FRXQWU\ QKѭ 7әQJ WKӕQJ %XVK ÿm KӭD NKL UD ӭQJ Fӱ 1ӃS VӕQJ TXҫQ
FK~QJ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ WUӣ OҥL QKѭ WUѭӟF +RD NǤ WKӭF WӍQK VӁ KӗL VLQK

&XӝF FKLӃQ KLӋQ QD\ ÿѭӧF FiF FKLӃQ WKXұW JLD PӋQK GDQK ³FXӝF
FKLӃQ NK{QJ ÿӕL [ӭQJ DVV\PHWULF ZDU´ YjR GӉ UD NKy QKѭ PӝW Pr KӗQ
WUұQ /ҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ PӝW VLrX FѭӡQJ GӗQ KӃW VӭF PҥQK ÿӇ WLrX GLӋW PӝW
Fi QKkQ %HQ /DGHQ Y{ TXӕF WӏFK Yj KӋ WKӕQJ NKӫQJ Eӕ FӫD \ WKD\ Yì
FKӕQJ OҥL PӝW QѭӟF %ҵQJ PӑL JLi WKӃ JLӟL Wӵ GR SKҧL WKҳQJ ĈӇ FӭX
QӅQ YăQ PLQK QKkQ ORҥL Yj Oê WѭӣQJ GkQ FKӫ .K{QJ Fy Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD Qào
NKiF 7әQJ WKӕQJ *HRUJH : %XVK QyL FKt Oê ³7ӵ GR Yj 6ӧ KmL ÿDQJ Wӱ
FKLӃQ 7KѭӧQJ ÿӃ NK{QJ WUXQJ OұS JLӳD KDL ErQ ´

&ѫQ OӕF WRjQ FҫX VӁ FXӕQ K~W QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP KұX WLӃQ ÿӇ OұS PӝW
WKӃ TXkQ EuQK PӟL &XӝF GLӋQ 9LӋW 1DP EӣL Yұ\ Fy Fѫ WKD\ ÿәL 6ӟP
KѫQ FK~QJ WD Gӵ ÿRiQ

&ҫX [LQ KӗQ WKLrQJ FiF WLӅQ QKkQ Yj FKt Vƭ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP WUӧ VӭF
FKR FiF OӵF OѭӧQJ TXӕF JLD NKDL WKiF YұQ KӝL PӟL ÿӇ JLұW VұS ;m KӝL FKӫ
QJKƭD /ҫQ Qj\ NK{QJ WKӇ Yj NK{QJ Fy TX\ӅQ WKҩW EҥL 9u QӃX WKҩW EҥL
WKu ÿy VӁ Oj Vӵ WKҩW EҥL FKXQJ FӫD ĈҩW 1ѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP FӫD WҩW Fҧ FK~QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 71

WD Oj QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW EҩW OXұQ WKXӝF SKtD QjR ´

/Æ0 /ӈ 75,1+

3Kө ÿtQK 1KұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ FӫD {QJ Fӕ YҩQ 1J{ Ĉình Nhu
EjR ÿӋ FӫD Fӕ 77 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP PӝW FKLӃQ OѭӧF JLD Oê WKX\ӃW JLD PӝW
WKӫ OmQK FӫD ÿҧQJ &ҫQ /DR 1KkQ 9ӏ TXD TX\ӇQ OXұQ iQ FKtQK WUӏ QәL
WLӃQJ ³&KtQK ĈӅ 9LӋW 1DP ³ÿm Fy QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW
Nam 1945 QKѭ VDX

- http://chinhdevietnam.blogspot.com/2009/11/chinh-e-viet-
nam-luan-chinh-tri-cua-ong.html Trang blog cӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ ÿăQJ
WRjQ Eӝ TX\ӇQ ³&KtQK ĈӅ 9LӋW 1DP ³ WUDQJ ÿm Fy ҩQ EҧQ LQ QăP
2004 .

/RQJ ĈLӅQ WyP WҳW FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FXҧ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1J{ Ĉình
'LӋP YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 WKӡL NǤ QKѭ VDX

1KұQ YLӋQ WUӧ FӫD FiF QѭӟF ĈӗQJ 0LQK JL~S ÿӥ WiL WKLӃW Yà khôi
SKөF 91 QKѭQJ NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ ÿә TXkQ YjR 0LӅQ 1DP Yu VӁ OjP PҩW
chính nghiã.

7ӯ QăP {QJ 'LӋP Yj 1KX ÿm ÿӅ UD FKtQK ViFK Tam
Túc, Tam Giác WӭF Oj Wӵ W~F YӅ 7ѭ 7ѭӣQJ Wӵ W~F YӅ 7ә &KӭF 7LӃS
OLӋX 7ӵ W~F YӅ .ӻ WKXұW 7DP JLiF Oj 7ӵ JLiF EҧR YӋ 6ӭF .KRҿ ĈҥR
ĈӭF 7Ut 7XӋ ÿӇ FKӕQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WKHR FiFK 91 Pj NK{QJ Eӏ QJRҥL
EDQJ FKqQ pS .K{QJ FKҩS QKұQ WKӇ FKӃ &6 Yj ÿһW &6 UD QJRài vòng
3KiS /XұW Yu &1&6 NK{QJ Fy OӧL FKR 'kQ 7ӝF 9121.

7KӡL ÿLӇP {QJ 'LӋP NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ Yì
O~F ÿy PLӅQ 1DP FKѭD әQ ÿӏQK FKtQK WUӏ WURQJ NKL &6 ÿm kP PѭX
FjL FiQ Eӝ ӣ OҥL WURQJ 1DP ÿӇ NKL EҩX Fӱ WURQJ 7әQJ 7X\ӇQ
&ӱ VӁ ÿHP WKҳQJ OӧL FKR &6 ÿLӅX Qҫ\ U} UjQJ ÿiQK WDQ OXұQ ÿLӋX FӫD
&691 Vӣ Gƭ Fy FKLӃQ WUDQK 1DP %ҳF Oj Yu 0LӅQ 1DP Wҭy chay HiӋS
7KѭѫQJ QKѭQJ VDX ÿy FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ U} Oj Wӯ 0LӅQ 1DP Fy
FӭX [pW Yj WKҧR OXұQ +LӋS 7KѭѫQJ YӟL 0LӅQ %ҳF ÿӇ WUiQK 1ӝL &KLӃQ
WURQJ NKL ÿy WKu +ӗ Yj ÿҧQJ &691 Fӭ NKăQJ NKăQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ³;kP
OăQJ 0LӅQ 1DP´ EҵQJ PӑL JLi 5} UjQJ KDL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD Eên hoàn
WRjQ NKiF QKDX YӅ PһW 1KkQ ÈL22

ÐQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP OX{Q JLӳ NKt WLӃW FӫD PӝW Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR JLӳ
JuQ TXӕF WKӇ WUѭӟF QJRҥL EDQJ G WURQJ WuQK WKӃ KLӇP QJX\ FNJQJ NK{QJ
OjP PҩW Vƭ GLӋQ 4XӕF *LD

7URQJ ÿLӅX KjQK ÿҩW QѭӟF Vӵ ÿӝF OұS NK{QJ OӋ WKXӝF ÿӗQJ PLQK
QѭӟF OӟQ Oj QKӳQJ QJX\rQ WҳF ÿѭӧF {QJ WX\ӋW ÿӕL W{Q WUӑQJ

72 LONG ĐIỀN

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX

7LӇX Vӱ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX

ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX VLQK QJj\ 7KiQJ WҥL Oàng Trí
7Kӫ\ JҫQ WӍQK Oӷ 3KDQ 5DQJ WӍQK 1LQK 7KXұQ ÐQJ OұS JLD ÿuQK WҥL 0ӻ
7KR YӟL &{ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 0DL $QK Fy ED FRQ Yj PӝW FRQ QX{L ÐQg
WKө KXҩQ .KyD 6ƭ 4XDQ &ăQ %ҧQ %ӝ %LQK WҥL WUѭӡQJ &RHWTXLGDQ 3KiS
TXӕF Yj WӕW QJKLӋS WKiQJ 6iX ÐQJ ÿѭӧF Eә QKLӋP &KӍ KX\
WUѭӣQJ 7UѭӡQJ 9} %ӏ Ĉj /ҥW 4*91 WҥL Ĉj /ҥW WKiQJ ÐQJ ÿL
2NLQDZD 1KұW QăP WKө KXҩQ WҥL WUѭӡQJ &KӍ +X\ 7KDP 0ѭX 7KiL
%uQK 'ѭѫQJ VDX ÿy JLӳ FKӭF 7ѭ /ӋQK 6ѭ ÿRjQ %ӝ %LQK %Lên Hòa .
1ăP ÿѭӧF YLQK WKăQJ 7KLӃX WѭӟQJ UӗL 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ QăP
Yj EҳW ÿҫX YjR FKtQK WUѭӡQJ YӟL FKӭF Yө 3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ NLrP 7әQJ
7UѭӡQJ 4XӕF 3KzQJ WURQJ FKtQK SKӫ 3KDQ +X\ 4XiW NLrP OX{Q FKӭF
Yө &Kӫ 7ӏFK +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF 1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF WtQ QKLӋP WURQJ
FKӭF Yө &Kӫ 7ӏFK 8ӹ %DQ /mQK ĈҥR 4* ĈҳF Fӱ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ QӅQ ĈӋ
Nhӏ &+ WURQJ KDL QKLӋP NǤ NӇ Wӯ WKiQJ

7KiQJ 7ѭ WUѭӟF iS OӵF FӫD +RD .Ǥ Yj &ӝQJ 6ҧQ +j 1ӝL {QJ
Wӯ FKӭF 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 91&+ 6DX NKL UӡL TXr KѭѫQJ {QJ VӕQJ PӝW WKӡL
JLDQ WҥL /XkQ Ĉ{Q $QK 4XӕF 1ăP {QJ ÿӏQK Fѭ WҥL +. Yj VӕQJ
WҥL :HVW 1HZWRQ Yj VDX ÿy )R[ERUR WKXӝF WLӇX EDQJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV

ÐQJ Wҥ WKӃ QJj\ WKiQJ WҥL %ӋQK YLӋQ %HWK ,VUDHO
'HDFRQHVV 7KjQK SKӕ %RVWRQ 0$ KѭӣQJ WKӑ WXәL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 73

7͝QJ 7K͙QJ 1JX\͋Q 9ăQ 7KL͏X ÿDQJ TXǤ WU˱ͣF W˱ͫQJ &K~D F̯X QJX\͏Q WURQJ
F̫QK KRDQJ WjQ ÿ͝ QiW FͯD QKj WKͥ /D 9DQJ QJD\ VDX NKL 1K̫\ ' Yj 74/&

4/91&+ WiL FKL͇P &͝ 7KjQK 4X̫QJ 7U͓ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP

7URQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ JLӳ WUiFK QKLӋP OmQK ÿҥR TXӕF JLD WәQJ
WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ ÿLӅX QKѭ VDX

* 9Ӆ TXkQ Vӵ Fӕ 77 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX WURQJ WUiFK Yө 7әQJ 7ѭ
/ӋQK 4XkQ çӝL {QJ ÿm OmQK ÿҥR 4/91&+ Jk\ FKR FӝQJ VҧQ QKӳQJ
WKҩW EҥL QһQJ QӅ TXD ÿӧW WәQJ F{QJ NtFK QăP 7ӃW 0ұX 7KkQ
ÿm Fy QJjQ Eӝ ÿӝL FKtQK TX\ GX NtFK FiQ Eӝ Fѫ Vӣ QҵP YQJ ÿm Eӏ
ORҥL NKӓL YzQJ FKLӃQ 6DX ÿy FKLӃQ WUDQK NKӕF OLӋW YүQ WLӃS GLӉQ QăP
PӝW OҫQ QӳD YӟL Vӵ OmQK ÿҥR ViQJ VXӕW FӫD {QJ 4/91&+ ÿm ÿҭ\
OXL FiF FXӝF WәQJ WҩQ F{QJ FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ %ҳF 9LӋW WUrQ FiF PһW WUұQ 7Uӏ
7KLrQ .RPWXP Yj %uQK /RQJ 7URQJ NKL PһW WUұQ FzQ QһF PL WKXӕF
V~QJ QyQJ EӓQJ &ӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm NK{QJ QJҥL
KLӇP QJX\ ÿtFK WKkQ ÿӃQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ ÿӇ ӫ\ OҥR Yj WѭӣQJ WKѭӣQJ FiF
FKLӃQ Vƭ DQK KQJ FӫD TXkQ OӵF


9Ӆ FKtQK WUӏ {QJ ÿѭD UD /ұS WUѭӡQJ .+Ð1* OjP FKӍ QDP FKR
ViFK OѭӧF FKtQK WUӏ FӫD FKtQK SKӫ 91&+ Oj KHÔNG THӮ$ 1+Ұ1
CӜ1* 6Ҧ1 .+Ð1* 7581* /Ұ3 +Ï$ 0,ӄ1 1$0 .+Ð1*
/Ұ3 &+Ë1+ 3+Ӫ /,Ç1 +,ӊ3 Yj .+Ð1* 1+ѬӦ1* çҨ7 CHO
&Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1.23

74 LONG ĐIỀN

&ӕ 77 91&+ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿiQJ ÿѭӧF OӏFK Vӱ JKL QKұQ QKѭ
sau:

ÐQJ Oj PӝW Yӏ 7әQJ 7ѭ /ӋQK GNJQJ PmQK NK{QJ QJҥL KLӇP QJX\
ÿm ÿӃQ WұQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ NKL WUұQ FKLӃQ FzQ QһF PL NKyL V~QJ ÿӇ ӫ\
OҥR Yj WѭӣQJ WKѭӣQJ FiF FKLӃQ Vƭ DQK KQJ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7KLӋX Oj FRQ QJѭӡL EuQK Gӏ ÿy Oj EҧQ WtQK FKkQ WKұW FӫD {QJ NK{QJ KӅ
GjQ FҧQK SK{ WUѭѫQJ Yj {QJ OX{Q OX{Q UҩW JҫQ YӟL OtQK {QJ ÿm Fy PһW
WURQJ EҩW Fӭ WUұQ ÿӏD QjR G QJX\ KLӇP ÿӃQ ÿkX {QJ FNJQJ ÿӅX Fy PһW ÿӇ
DQ ӫL Yj Xӹ OҥR WLQK WKҫQ FKLӃQ ÿҩX FӫD FKLӃQ Vƭ 91&+

- Ông là mӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ ÿҩX WUDQK FKR 7Ӵ '2 FKӕQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿӝF
WjL ÿҧQJ WUӏ

ÐQJ FzQ Oj PӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ FKR ÿҩX WUDQK FKR 'Æ1 &+Ӫ ÿã có công
ViQJ OұS QӅQ ÿӋ QKӏ &ӝQJ KzD FKR PLӅQ 1DP [k\ GӵQJ PӝW WKӇ FKӃ
'Æ1 &+Ӫ 3+È3 75ӎ FKR QKkQ GkQ PLӅQ 1DP PһF G ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿDQJ
Eӏ FKLӃQ WUDQK [kP OăQJ Gj\ [pR24

ÐQJ Oj QJѭӡL FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW EҧR YӋ OmQK WKә YӟL TX\ӃW WkP NK{QJ
ÿӇ PӝW WҩW ÿҩW QjR OӑW YjR WD\ QJRҥL EDQJ ÿLӇQ KuQK WURQJ Yө KҧL
FKLӃQ +RjQJ 6D QJj\ WKiQJ QăP YӟL FѭѫQJ Yӏ WәQJ Wѭ OӋQK
4/91&+ {QJ ÿm FKӍ WKӏ FKR +ҧL 4XkQ 9QJ , &KLӃQ 7KXұW G KRҧ OӵF
yӃX KѫQ G F{ WKӃ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF ĈӋ 7KҩW +ҥP ĈӝL 0ӻ Kӛ WUӧ WҩQ F{QJ
WjX FKLӃQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿm QJDQJ QKLrQ [kP FKLӃP +RjQJ 6D 7UiL QJѭӧF
OҥL YӟL KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿr KqQ FӫD %ҳF 9LӋW JӣL F{QJ KjP F{QJ QKұQ +Ràng
6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D Oj FӫD 7UXQJ &ӝQJ 25

9j WUrQ KӃW ÐQJ Oj PӝW 1+¬ È, 48Ӕ& &+Æ1 &+Ë1+ ÿã không
QJҥL K\ VLQK WKkQ WKӃ Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS ÿӇ ÿҩX WUDQK FKR QJѭӡL GkQ PLӅQ
Nam có mӝW QӅQ KzD EuQK F{QJ FKtQK WURQJ 7ӵ GR Yj 'kQ FKӫ YӟL FKӫ
WUѭѫQJ ³%ӕQ .K{QJ´ &KtQK PөF WLrX WӕL KұX Qҫ\ Pj {QJ ÿm VҷQ Vàng
Wӯ Eӓ FѭѫQJ Yӏ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ ÿӇ FiF FѭӡQJ OӵF FKtQK WUӏ VҳS [ӃS PӝW JLҧi
SKiS FKtQK WUӏ FKR 9LӋW 1DP´

0ӝW EjL YӅ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX WUên Wikipedia :
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_
Thi%E1%BB%87u:

7KkQ WKӃ

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX VLQK WKiQJ QăP kP OӏFK ÐQJ Fy KDL
QJѭӡL DQK 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ +LӃX KѫQ {QJ 7KLӋX WXәL [1] và NguyӉQ
9ăQ .LӇX 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ +LӃX WKӡL ĈӋ QKӏ &ӝQJ KzD ÿѭӧF Eә OjP ÿҥL Vӭ
ӣ é FzQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ .LӇX OjP ÿҥL Vӭ ӣ ĈjL /RDQ [2]

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 75

+ӑF KӃW OӟS ӣ TXr QKj {QJ OrQ 6jL *zQ ÿӇ KӑF QJKӅ ӣ 7UѭӡQJ .ӻ
WKXұW Ĉӛ +ӳX 9ӏ 6DX ÿy {QJ 7KLӋX ÿѭӧF QJѭӡL DQK Fҧ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
+LӃX JL~S ÿѭD YjR KӑF WURQJ PӝW WUѭӡQJ GzQJ FӫD 3KiS[3] WUѭӡQJ F{QJ
JLiR /D 0m 3HOOHULQ WҥL +XӃ .KL FKLӃQ WUDQK WKӃ JLӟL WKӭ KDL EQJ Qә
{QJ KRjQ WKjQK NKyD KӑF Yj TXD\ WUӣ YӅ QKj 7URQJ ED QăP 1KұW %ҧQ
FKLӃP ÿyQJ {QJ OjP UXӝQJ FQJ YӟL FKD PuQK 4XDQ ÿLӇP FӫD {QJ
7KLӋX YӅ FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF QJj\ FjQJ JLD WăQJ FQJ YӟL Vӵ EҥL WUұQ FӫD
NhұW %ҧQ Yj Vӵ TXD\ OҥL FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ[4].

%LQK QJKLӋS
Sau khi chiӃQ WUDQK WKӃ JLӟL WKӭ KDL NӃW WK~F QăP {QJ WKDP
JLD OӵF OѭӧQJ 9LӋW 0LQK GR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӭQJ ÿҫX[4] [3] [5]. Ông cùng
FiF ÿӗQJ FKt FӫD PuQK ÿѭӧF KXҩQ OX\ӋQ WURQJ QKӳQJ NKX UӯQJ WUӕQJ
EҵQJ Jұ\ WUH Yu Kӑ NK{QJ Fy V~QJ WUѭӡQJ 1ăQJ OӵF TXҧQ Oê FӫD {QJ
VӟP ÿѭӧF F{QJ QKұQ VDX ÿy ÿѭӧF Eә QKLӋP WUӣ WKjQK PӝW QJѭӡL ÿӭQJ
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ELӃW UҵQJ 9LӋW 0LQK Oj FӝQJ VҧQ WUҧ OӡL WURQJ PӝW FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ {QJ
QyL ³Kӑ EҳQ QJѭӡL GkQ Kӑ OұW ÿә FiF ӫ\ EDQ [m Kӑ WӏFK WKX ÿҩW ÿDL´ [5].
ÐQJ Et PұW YjR 6jL *zQ YӟL Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ FӫD DQK WUDL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
+LӃX {QJ ÿѭӧF QKұQ YjR KӑF 7UѭӡQJ +jQJ KҧL [3] Sau mӝW QăP {QJ
ÿѭӧF SKRQJ KjP Vƭ TXDQ QKѭQJ {QJ Wӯ FKӕL OjP YLӋF WUrQ PӝW FRQ Wàu
NKL SKiW KLӋQ UD QKӳQJ {QJ FKӫ QJѭӡL 3KiS Fy ê ÿӏQK WUҧ OѭѫQJ FKR
{QJ WKҩS KѫQ OѭѫQJ FӫD WҩW Fҧ Vƭ TXDQ 3KiS ÐQJ ÿm KRjQ WRjQ Wӯ Eӓ ê
ÿӏQK YӅ PӝW FXӝF VӕQJ WUrQ ELӇQ 5ӗL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX FKX\ӇQ ÿӃQ
KӑF NKyD ÿҫX WLrQ WҥL 7UѭӡQJ 6ƭ TXDQ 9LӋW 1DP VDX WUӣ WKjQK 7UѭӡQJ
9} Eӏ Ĉj /ҥW[4] 7KiQJ QăP {QJ WӕW QJKLӋS YӟL TXkQ KjP 7KLӃX
~\ WKDP JLD ELQK QJKLӋS WURQJ OӵF OѭӧQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 4XӕF JLD 9LӋW 1DP
&QJ QăP ÿy {QJ ÿӃQ 3KiS KӑF ӣ 7UѭӡQJ Eӝ ELQK &RHWTXLGDQ
Trong nhӳQJ WUұQ ÿiQK FKӕQJ OҥL 9LӋW 0LQK {QJ 7KLӋX QKDQK FKyQJ
NLӃP ÿѭӧF GDQK WLӃQJ Yu Vӵ GNJQJ FҧP Yj Fy QăQJ OӵF FKӍ KX\ [4]. VӟL
FKtQK ViFK FKӃ WjL ÿӕL YӟL QKӳQJ Vƭ TXDQ ӣ PLӅQ 7UXQJ Yj PLӅQ 1DP
QrQ {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿLӅX UD %ҳF

1ăP {QJ NӃW K{Q YӟL FRQ JiL FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL KjQK QJKӅ
\ WKjQK ÿҥW JӕF ӣ 0ӻ 7KR WKXӝF WӍQK ĈӏQK 7ѭӡQJ QD\ Oj WӍQK 7LӅQ
*LDQJ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 0DL $QK %j Oj PӝW WtQ ÿӗ &{QJ JLiR 5RPD 6DX
ÿy {QJ ÿm FҧL ÿҥR WKHR W{Q JLiR FӫD Yӧ [3] ÐQJ Ej 7KLӋX Fy ED QJѭӡL
FRQ PӝW JiL 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 7XҩQ $QK Yj KDL WUDL 1JX\ӉQ 4XDQJ /ӝF Yà
NguyӉQ 7KLӋX /RQJ

1ăP YӟL TXkQ KjP WKLӃX Wi Yj FKӍ KX\ PӝW WLӇX ÿRjQ 1JX\ӉQ

76 LONG ĐIỀN

9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm GүQ ÿҫX PӝW FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ YjR QJ{L OjQJ TXr KѭѫQJ
PuQK Qә PuQ ÿiQK EұW OӵF OѭӧQJ 9LӋW 0LQK UD NKӓL QJ{L QKj {QJ ÿã
WӯQJ WUҧL TXD WXәL WKѫ [4].

Sau khi Pháp rút khӓL 9LӋW 1DP QăP {QJ JLD QKұS 4XkQ OӵF
9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD YӟL TXkQ KjP 7UXQJ Wi JLӳ FKӭF &KӍ KX\ WUѭӣQJ
7UѭӡQJ 9} Eӏ Ĉj /ҥW ĈӃQ QăP {QJ JLӳ FKӭF 7ѭ OӋQK 6ѭ ÿRjQ 5
Eӝ ELQK KjP ĈҥL Wi

NhұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FӵX WәQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX FӫD &Kӫ 7LFK
+ҥ 9LӋQ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ YLӃW QăP QKѭ VDX

³ 7{L QKұQ WKҩ\ ÐQJ Oj PӝW /mQK Wө FKiQK WUӏ FҭQ WUӑQJ FѭѫQJ
QJKӏ Yj WUrQ KӃW ÐQJ Oj QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF ÐQJ QJj\ ÿrP OR kX YӅ YұQ
PӋQK TXӕF JLD NK{QJ QJӯQJ WRDQ WtQK YӅ Vӵ WUDQK WKҳQJ QJRjL FKLӃQ
WUѭӡQJ FKӕQJ Nҿ WK FNJQJ QKѭ WUrQ EjQ KӝL QJKӏ KzD ÿjP YӯD FKӕQJ Nҿ
WK Yj FD\ QJKLӋW WKD\ YӯD ÿӕL SKy YӟL QJD\ Fҧ ÿӗQJ PLQK FӫD PuQK ´

1KӳQJ TXӕF ViFK TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD 77 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm ÿҥW
QKӳQJ WKjQK F{QJ UӵF Uӥ

/XұW 1JѭӡL &j\ &y 5XӝQJ 9jR QăP 77 ĈӋ 1Kӏ 91&+
NguyӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm EDQ KjQK /XұW ³1JѭӡL &j\ &y 5XӝQJ´ TXL ÿӏQK
UXӝQJ ÿҩW NK{QJ WUӵF FDQK ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ Eӏ WUXҩW KӳX Yj SKҧL ÿѭӧF EӗL
WKѭӡQJ WKRҧ ÿiQJ WKHR WKӡL JLi. 5XӝQJ ÿҩW WUXҩW KӳX ÿѭӧF ѭX WLrQ
FҩS SKiW FKR Wi ÿLӅQ PүX ӣ 1DP SKҫQ Yj PүX ӣ &DR 1JX\ên
Yj 7UXQJ SKҫQ ĈLӅQ FKӫ WUӵF FDQK FKӍ ÿѭӧF JLӳ WӕL ÿD PүX 7X\
QKLrQ /XұW ³1JѭӡL &ҫ\ &y 5XӝQJ´ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF SKpS iS GөQJ ÿӕL YӟL
UXӝQJ ÿҩW FӫD FiF Wә FKӭF W{Q JLiR Yj UXӝQJ ÿҩW KѭѫQJ KӓD JLD ÿuQK FӫD
QJѭӡL GkQ

Ӣ 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP SKѭѫQJ WKӭF VҧQ [XҩW Q{QJ QJKLӋS NLӇX
SKRQJ NLӃQ ÿm Eӏ [Ri VҥFK 1KӳQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS FDQK WiF PӟL Fy WLӃQ
Eӝ Nӻ WKXұW ÿm ÿѭӧF iS GөQJ ÿӇ JLD WăQJ QăQJ VXҩW 6DX NKL KRjQ WҩW
FKѭѫQJ WUuQK 1JѭӡL &j\ &y 5XӝQJ WURQJ QKӳQJ QăP QѭӟF
9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +Rj ÿm Fy SKҫQ WUăP Wѭ VҧQ WUXQJ Q{QJ KRi Yà thành
SKҫQ Q{QJ GkQ Qj\ Oj OӵF OѭӧQJ FKtQK FӫD VҧQ [XҩW Q{QJ QJKLӋS ӣ 0LӅQ
Nam ViӋW 1DP &zQ OҥL NKRҧQJ SKҫQ WUăP Oj SK~ Q{QJ Yj Wѭ VҧQ
WUXQJ Q{QJ JLjX Vӣ KӳX FKӯQJ SKҫQ WUăP UXӝQJ ÿҩW FDQK WiF

6ӕ QJѭӡL Q{QJ GkQ JLjX Fy Qj\ QJRjL YLӋF FDQK WiF Vӕ UXӝQJ ÿҩW VDX
NKL ÿm WUXҩW KӳX FzQ OҥL Kӑ FNJQJ NLQK GRDQK FiF GӏFK Yө Fѫ NKt Q{QJ
QJKLӋS OѭX WK{QJ KjQJ KRi Q{QJ VҧQ SKҭP FKӃ ELӃQ WKӵF SKҭm nông
VҧQ WURQJ PӝW WKӏ WUѭӡQJ WKѭѫQJ QJKLӋS Q{QJ WK{Q Yj ODR ÿӝQJ Q{QJ
QJKLӋS UҩW Wӵ GR

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 77

Sau khi nѭӟc ViӋt Nam Cӝng Hoà hoàn tҩt chѭѫng trình Ngѭӡi
Cày Có Ruӝng thì không còn thành phҫn ÿҥi-ÿӏa-chӫ ӣ MiӅn Nam ViӋt
Nam. Trong ba năm 1970-1973, kӃt quҧ cӫa chѭѫng trình “Ngѭӡi Cày
Có Ruӝng” là ÿã chҩm dӭt chӃ ÿӝ tá canh ӣ MiӅn Nam ViӋt Nam khi
tá ÿiӅn trӣ thành ÿiӅn chӫ.26

Qua hai so sánh vӯa kӇ cho ta thҩy chính sách Cҧi Cách ĈiӅn Ĉӏa
VNCH và CCRĈ cuҧ CSVN khác nhau ӣ 1 bên là giӃt ngѭӡi (phú
nông,trung nông, ÿӏa chӫ) ÿӇ cѭӟp ÿҩt rӗi nói là phát cho dân nghèo
(thӵc tӃ là sau 2 năm CSVN ÿѭa tҩt cҧ ruӝng ÿҩt vào hӧp tác xҧ nông
nghiêp, thì nông dân nghèo cNJng chҷng còn sӣ hӳu ÿҩt ÿai gì cҧ.

Còn MiӅn Nam theo chính sách cӫa TT NguyӉn Văn ThiӋu thì
ruӝng ÿҩt cӫa ÿҥi ÿӏa chӫ ÿѭӧc chính phӫ thu mua giá cҧ sòng phҷng
rӗi bán trҧ góp 12 năm cho nông dân nghèo. Ĉҥi ÿӏa chӫ chӍ ÿѭӑc giӱ
tӕi ÿa 15 mҭu nӃu trӵc canh, sau năm 1973 ÿã chҩm dӭt nҥn “Tá canh”
làm thuê ruӝng cӫa chӫ ÿiên vì nông dân ÿã ÿѭӧc cҩp hay bán trҧ góp.

Sau 1975 ÿӃn nay thì sao? Hoàn toàn ÿҩt ÿai là thuӝc sӣ hӳu nhà
nѭӟc, ngѭӡi dân chӍ ÿѭӧc quyӅn “Sӱ Dөng Ruӝng Ĉҩt” tӭc là sә ÿӓ. Có
thӇ mua bán sӕ ÿҩt cӫa tә tiên ÿӇ lҥi, còn các loҥi ÿҩt ÿai khác bҩt cӭ lúc
nào nhà nѭӟc cҫn trung dөng, quy hoҥch là phҧi bán vӟi gía do chính
quyӅn ÿӏa phѭѫng quy ÿӏnh! Mӝt hình thӭc ăn cѭӟp giӳa ban ngày.Vì
vұy có hàng ngàn nông dân hiӋn nay ÿi khiӃu kiӋn ÿҩt, chuyӋn xҧy ra
hàng ngày tҥi VN mà chính phӫ không thӇ giҧi quyӃt nәi, có nông dân
khiӃu kiӋn,biӇu tình gҫn 20 năm mà không ÿѭӧc giҧi quyӃt.27

2-Chѭѫng Trình Hӳu Sҧn Hoá :Chѭѫng trình nӕi tiӃp tӯ thӡi TT
Ngô Ĉình DiӋm ÿӃn thӡi TT NguyӉn Văn ThiӋu nhҵm giúp ÿӥ, cҧi tiӃn
ngành nghӅ nhѭ xích lô ÿҥp, xe thә mӝ, xe ba gác ÿѭӧc mua trҧ góp xe
lam, xe taxi, biӃn nhӳng ngѭӡi thuê xe kiӃm sӕng trӣ nên chӫ nhân thӵc
sӵ nhӳng phѭѫng tiӋn chuyên chӣ công cӝng, vӯa tҥo ÿӡi sӕng khá hѫn
cho ngѭӡi lao ÿӝng nghèo, vӯa cҧi tiӃn phѭѫng tiӋn giao thông thô sѫ
ra phѭѫng tiӋn văn minh hѫn.

3-Quӕc sách Chiêu hӗi :Có thӇ nói trong suӕt thӡi gian 10 năm
cҫm quyӅn cӫa TT NguyӉn Văn ThiӋu thì quӕc sách “Chiêu Hӗi” ÿã
ÿҥt sӵ thành công vƭ ÿҥi nhҩt. Chѭa có thӕng kê cӫa 2 năm 1974,1975
nhѭng tính tӯ 1963-1973 ÿã có trên 200.000 hӗi chánh viên trӣ vӅ vӟi
chính nghiã Quӕc Gia. Ĉây là mӝt viӋc làm có ý nghƭa nhҩt trong tình
Dân Tӝc, nghƭa Ĉӗng Bào vì các bҥn thӱ tѭӣng tѭӧng 200.000 cán binh
cӝng sҧn tѭѫng vӟi quân sӕ tѭѫng ÿѭѫng 20 sѭ ÿoàn ÿang cҫm súng
bҳn ÿӗng bào mình nay ÿѭӧc kêu gӑi bҵng tҩm lòng nhân ái, trӣ vӅ vӟi
chính nghiã quӕc gia và sau ÿó hӑ ÿѭӧc cho vӅ ÿoàn tө vӟi gia ÿình
cӫa hӑ .
78 LONG ĐIỀN

1971 %.28LӇX ÿӗ TXӕF ViFK &KLrX +ӗL ÿҥW ÿѭӧF Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ ÿҫX QăP

7HP Nӻ QLӋP QJj\ WKiQJ QăP Oj QJj\ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF QJѭӡL
+ӗL &KiQK WKӭ 7ѭѫQJ ÿѭѫQJ YӟL TXkQ Vӕ Vѭ ÿRjQ Yj JLҩ\
WK{QJ KjQK FKR FiQ ELQK FӝQJ VҧQ PXӕQ YӅ KӗL FKiQK

/ӡL NrX JӑL ÿҥL ÿRjQ NӃW 'kQ 7ӝF Qҫ\ Oj YLӋF OjP WKLӃW WKӵF QKҩW Yà
WKjQK WKұW QKҩW Yu ÿm ÿѭӧF FKӭQJ PLQK Fө WKӇ EҵQJ OӡL KӭD Yj YLӋF Oàm
ÿL ÿ{L YӟL QKDX QKӳQJ KӗL FKiQK YLrQ NK{QJ FzQ Eӏ PһF FҧP QJѭӡL ÿҫX
KjQJ Pj Kӑ ÿѭӧF ÿӕL [ӱ QKѭ QJѭӡL DQK HP OҥF O}QJ QD\ WUӣ YӅ YӟL ÿҥL

JLD ÿuQK 'kQ 7ӝF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 79

&KLrX +ӗL Oj ĈҥL ĈRjQ .ӃW 'kQ 7ӝF

+uQK ҧQK QJj\ WUӣ YӅ YXL Yҿ FӫD QKӳQJ FiQ ELQK 9& WҥL 7DP .Ǥ
.KL WUӣ YӅ YӟL FKtQK QJKLm 4XӕF *LD FiF KӗL FKiQK YLrQ ÿѭӧF
WKRҧL PiL ÿRjQ Wө YӟL JLD ÿuQK ÿL GX OӏFK Yj FzQ ÿѭӧF KӑF QJKӅ WKHR
QKX FҫX FӫD Kӑ

+ӑF WұS ÿѭӡQJ OӕL 4XӕF *LD QJj\ PӟL YӅ &iF +&9 ĈL FKѫL WҥL 7KҧR
&ҫP 9LrQ 6DL *zQ 0ӝW OӟS Gҥ\ QJKӅ WҥL %LrQ +Rj FKR +&9
80 LONG ĐIỀN

-7әQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX Oj QJѭӡL
WKHR 0ӻ KD\ FKӕQJ 0ӻ +ӗ Vѫ JLҧL PұW FӫD
&,$ QyL YӅ 77 7KLӋX

9jL é 1JKƭ YӅ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX

1JX\ӉQ .Ǥ 3KRQJ

http://vanhoamagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task
=view&id=169&Itemid=90

6DX NKL 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD WKҩW WKӫ YDL WUz FӫD Fӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
NguyӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX 777 QKѭ PӝW QJX\rQ WKӫ OmQK ÿҥR TXӕF JLD ÿѭӧF
ÿHP UD SKr SKiQ 9jL ê NLӃQ FKR UҵQJ Yu 777 TXi WLQ YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ
QrQ PLӅQ 1DP UѫL YjR WD\ FӝQJ VҧQ 9Ӆ YDL WUz OmQK ÿҥR PӝW Vӕ ê NLӃQ
QyL WҥL 777 ÿӝF WjL QҳP JLӳ KӃW TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX ELQK NKLӇQ WѭӟQJ FKӍ KX\
TXkQ ÿӝL WKҷQJ Wӯ GLQK ĈӝF /ұS QrQ Jk\ UD QKLӅX Vӵ EҩW Pãn cho các
FҩS WѭӟQJ OmQK WURQJ QKӳQJ QăP VDX FQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +òa
91&+ +DL SKr SKiQ YӅ 777 ӣ WUrQ Fy Oê GR Yj JLi WUӏ ÿӇ ÿѭӧF OXұQ
EjQ 'ӵD YjR PӝW Vӕ WjL OLӋX FӫD +RD .Ǥ YLӃW YӅ 777 ÿm ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW
WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ TXD EjL YLӃW QJҳQ GѭӟL ÿk\ JKL OҥL PӝW Vӕ Vӵ NLӋQ YӅ OLên
KӋ Fi QKkQ FӫD 777 YӟL QJѭӡL 0ӻ Yj YӅ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL TXҧQ WUӏ TXӕF JLD
FӫD 777 QKѭ PӝW QKj OmQK ÿҥR

/LrQ +Ӌ &i 1KkQ 9ӟL +RD .Ǥ

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX Fy TXi WLQ QJѭӡL 0ӻ NK{QJ" &ăQ Fӭ YjR QKӳQJ
Kӗ Vѫ ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW 777 FKҷQJ QKӳQJ NK{QJ WLQ QJѭӡL 0ӻ WUiL OҥL O~F
QjR {QJ FNJQJ QJKL QJӡ Yj OR Vӧ YӅ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD +RD .Ǥ ÿӕL YӟL 9LӋW
1DP Yj ÿӕL YӟL {QJ QKѭ QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR TXӕF JLD 7ӯ NKL EҳW ÿҫX JLDR
WKLӋS 777 ÿm Fy WKiL ÿӝ H Gq QӃX NK{QJ QyL Oj EҩW WKLӋQ FҧP ÿӕL YӟL
QJѭӡL 0ӻ 7URQJ PӝW EiR FiR WyP OѭӧF YӅ Fi QKkQ 777 GR 1KD 7ình
%iR 4XӕF 3KzQJ 'HIHQVH ,QWHOOLJHQFH $JHQF\ ',$ YLӃW Yào tháng
Kӑ QKұQ [pW {QJ 7KLӋX Oj QJѭӡL FKӕQJ FӝQJ DQWL communist)
QKѭQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FNJQJ ³FKӕQJ 0ӻ ´ 1JX\rQ YăQ WURQJ EiR FiR Oj ³
7KLHX LV DQWL 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ´ &kX ÿy FNJQJ Fy WKӇ KLӇX Oà “không thích
+RD .Ǥ´ KѫQ Oj WKHR QJKƭD WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ ³FKӕQJ 0ӻ ´ [HP SKyQJ ҧQK
WjL OLӋX &NJQJ WURQJ EiR FiR ÿy ',$ FKR ELӃW WKiL ÿӝ FKӕQJ +RD .Ǥ
FӫD {QJ 7KLӋX ÿm ÿѭӧF JKL QKұQ Wӯ WKiQJ Yj FKtQK {QJ 7KLӋX
FNJQJ Wӵ QKұQ WKiL ÿӝ FӫD {QJ ÿӕL YӟL QJѭӡL 0ӻ 7URQJ EiR FiR WKiQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 81

VDX NKL QyL YӅ WKiL ÿӝ FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX WUѭӟF ÿy WUѭӟF
EiR FiR WKiQJ QJѭӡL EiR FiR YLӃW KLӋQ WҥL {QJ 7KLӋX FK~ WUӑQJ
ÿӃQ Vӵ SKӕL KӧS ViW FiQK ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD +RD .Ǥ Yj 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ +RD
.Ǥ WLӃS WөF Kӛ WUӧ PLӅQ 1DP 6R YӟL QKӳQJ EiR FiR NKiF EiR FiR FӫD
WKiQJ QyL WӕW QKѭQJ FKӍ QyL PӝW FiFK WәQJ TXiW YӅ 777 1KѭQJ
TXD WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX SKkQ WtFK YӅ WkP WtQK 777 Pj QJѭӡL YLӃW Qj\
ÿm ÿӑF TXD QJѭӡL YLӃW Fy WKӇ QyL +RD .Ǥ NK{QJ KLӇX QKLӅX YӅ {QJ
7KLӋX SKҫQ OӟQ Kӑ FKӍ ÿRiQ YӅ {QJ GӵD YjR EiR FiR FӫD QKӳQJ FӝQJ
Vӵ YLrQ KRһF EҥQ ÿӗQJ QJNJ WURQJ TXi NKӭ %iR FiR ÿӃQ Wӯ &,$ ',$
Yj 7zD ĈҥL 6ӭ +RD .Ǥ ӣ 6jL *zQ [ӱ GөQJ QKLӅX WƭQK Wӯ QKѭ NK{Q YһW
FiR JLj PѭX P{ FXQQLQJ LQWHOOLJHQW VKUHZ HIILFLHQW ÿӇ Wҧ Fi WtQK

82 LONG ĐIỀN

TTT.(1)

1KѭQJ VDX FQJ EiR FiR YүQ NӃW OXұQ Kӑ NK{QJ ÿRiQ ÿѭӧF VX\
QJKƭ Yj KjQK ÿӝQJ FӫD {QJ 7KLӋX KD\ Fy WKӇ Jk\ ҧQK KѭӣQJ YӟL {QJ
QKѭ Kӑ ÿm OjP YӟL QKӳQJ WKҭP TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP NKiF 1JѭӧF OҥL WURQJ
PӝW YjL OҫQ PһW ÿӕL PһW YӟL QKLӅX WKҭP TX\ӅQ +RD .Ǥ 777 Eӓ ÿL Fi
WtQK WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ FӫD {QJ ² Fi WtQK WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ Oj Vӵ Gq GһW NKL
ÿѭӧF KӓL ê NLӃQ Yj QJKH QKLӅX KѫQ QyL ² Yj ÿһW QKLӅX FkX KӓL NKLӃQ
FKR QJѭӡL ÿӕL GLӋQ UҩW O~QJ W~QJ 4XD QKӳQJ OҫQ QKѭ Yұ\ JLӟL KӳX
WUiFK 0ӻ WKҩ\ {QJ 7KLӋX ELӃW QKLӅX FKX\ӋQ Kӑ OjP QKѭQJ {QJ OjP
QKѭ NK{QJ ELӃW 'ӵD YjR QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX ÿm WUtFK FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ Fӕ 777
NK{QJ KRjQ WRjQ WLQ YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ WURQJ VXӕW Vӵ QJKLӋS FKtQK WUӏ FӫD
ÐQJ FKӍ GӵD YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿӇ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ PөF ÿtFK {QJ PXӕQ 9à
PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ PөF ÿtFK {QJ PXӕQ WKҩ\ Oj Vӵ WUѭӡQJ WӗQ FӫD 9LӋW
Nam CӝQJ +zD 91&+

1ӃX 777 Fy WLQ YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ WKu {QJ NK{QJ FzQ FKӑQ OӵD QjR KѫQ
Oj SKҧL WLQ ² Yj QJѭӡL GX\ QKҩW {QJ SKҧL WLQ Oj Fӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 5LFKDUG
M. Nixon.

7KHR PӝW Vӱ JLD FӫD Fѫ TXDQ &,$ YLӃW WURQJ &,$ DQG WKH *HQHUDOV
Covert Support to Military Government in South Vietnam (2), Hoa KǤ
FKӍ WKұW Vӵ WuP KLӇX Yj Fӕ JҳQJ EҳW OLrQ OҥF YӟL 777 Wӯ WKiQJ 1967,
VDX NKL PӝW Vӕ WѭӟQJ OmQK TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF ÿӗQJ ê
FKR {QJ 7KLӋX UD WUDQK Fӱ WәQJ WKӕQJ Yj {QJ 1JX\ӉQ &DR .Ǥ SKy WәQJ
WKӕQJ WURQJ OLrQ GDQK TXkQ ÿӝL GX\ QKҩW YjR FXӝF EҫX Fӱ WәQJ WKӕQJ
ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD QӅQ ĈӋ 1Kӏ &ӝQJ +zD

1KӳQJ EiR FiR FӫD ',$ &,$ Yj FӫD ĈҥL 6ӭ (OOVZRUWK %XQNHU
JӣL YӅ +RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ FKR WKҩ\ WLQ WӭF WuQK EiR 0ӻ Fy WKӇ ELӃW QKLӅX
YӅ {QJ .Ǥ KD\ QKӳQJ WKҭP TX\ӅQ 91&+ NKiF QKѭQJ Kӑ KRàn toàn
NK{QJ ELӃW Ju YӅ {QJ 7KLӋX ² KD\ ê ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 7KLӋX WURQJ WѭѫQJ
ODL [D JҫQ 0ӝW WKt Gө NKiF YӅ Vӵ KLӇX ELӃW FӫD QJѭӡL 0ӻ YӅ Fi QKkQ
{QJ 7KLӋX 7URQJ EXәL WKX\ӃW WUuQK FKR 7әQJ 7KӕQJ -RKQ ) .HQQHG\
QJj\ WKiQJ NKL QyL YӅ KDL SKH ӫQJ Kӝ Yj FKӕQJ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
'LӋP ĈҥL 7i 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿѭӧF JKL QKұQ Oj ³QJѭӡL &{QJ *LiR
ӫQJ Kӝ {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX ´ Yj ÿDQJ Fy WKiL ÿӝ ӫQJ Kӝ FKiQK SKӫ FӫD
7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP

0ӝW EiR FiR NKiF ÿӃQ Wӯ %ӝ 1JRҥL *LDR +RD .Ǥ Gƭ QKLrQ WLQ WӭF
ÿӃQ Wӯ 7zD ĈҥL 6ӭ +RD .Ǥ ӣ 6jL *zQ ÿӅ QJj\ WKiQJ —
KDL QJj\ WUѭӟF NKL ÿҧR FKiQK — WURQJ ÿy YүQ JKL WKiL ÿӝ FӫD FKӍ KX\

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 83

WUѭӣQJ 6ѭ ĈRjQ %ӝ %LQK ĈҥL 7i 7KLӋX ³YүQ FKѭD [iF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧF ´
ĈLӅX Qj\ FKR WKҩ\ Vӵ NtQ ÿiR FӫD {QJ 7KLӋX YӅ WKiL ÿӝ ÿӕL YӟL PӑL
QJѭӡL FKXQJ TXDQK &ăQ Fӭ YjR Vӱ OLӋX VDX QJj\ ÿҧR FKiQK WKiQJ
FK~QJ WD ELӃW FKҳF FKҳQ {QJ 7KLӋX ÿm ÿzL KӓL KD\ ÿѭӧF KӭD KҽQ
NKL WuQK QJX\ӋQ WKDP JLD ÿҧR FKiQK 9u QӃX {QJ 7KLӋX NK{QJ ÿzL KӓL
ÿѭӧF WѭӣQJ WKѭӣQJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ WKu {QJ ÿm NK{QJ WuQK QJX\ӋQ GQJ ÿѫQ
Yӏ FӫD {QJ WҩQ F{QJ FiF ÿLӇP NKiQJ Fӵ ӣ GLQK WәQJ WKӕQJ

'ѭӟL PҳW PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL 0ӻ 777 Oj PӝW QJѭӡL Gq GһW FҭQ WKұQ
Yj NtQ ÿiR 'ѭӟL PҳW PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL NKiF WKu 777 Fy WiQK EjL QJRҥL
[HQRSKRELD Yj Vӵ QJӡ YӵF YӅ QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿm OjP FKR {QJ OX{Q OX{Q OR
Vӧ PӝW FiFK Y{ Oê SDUDQRLD QKӳQJ Wӯ [HQRSKRELD SDUDQRLD Oj QJX\rQ
YăQ WURQJ EҧQ EiR FiR 6ӵ QJKL QJӡ FӫD 777 YӅ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL Yj FKӫ ÿtFK
FӫD +RD .Ǥ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ SKҧL NK{QJ Fy Oê GR 7ӯ VDX FXӝF ÿҧR
FKiQK 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP FKR ÿӃQ NKL {QJ 7KLӋX WUӣ WKjQK WәQJ
WKӕQJ {QJ 7KLӋX FKӭQJ NLӃQ QKLӅX NӃ KRҥFK Et PұW Pj QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿm
[ӱ GөQJ ÿӇ NKX\QK ÿҧR QӝL WuQK 9LӋW 1DP 1KӳQJ NӃ KRҥFK ³NtQ´ FӫD
&,$ QyL ULrQJ Yj FӫD ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD %ӝ 1JRҥL *LDR +RD .Ǥ QyL FKXQJ
NK{QJ QKҩW WKLӃW SK KӧS YӟL ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD FKiQK SKӫ 91&+

7URQJ FѭѫQJ Yӏ &Kӫ 7ӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ /mQK ĈҥR 4XӕF *LD Wӯ QăP
777 ÿm FKӭQJ NLӃQ iS OӵF FӫD +RD .Ǥ NKL Kӑ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ³[p Oҿ´
Yj OLrQ OҥF ULrQJ YӟL 0һW 7UұQ *LҧL 3KyQJ 0LӅQ 1DP 07*301
9ӟL Oê GR Oj Kӑ PXӕQ [kP QKұS QKkQ Vӵ ErQ WURQJ Fѫ FҩX 07*301
QJѭӡL 0ӻ \rX FҫX WKҭP TX\ӅQ 91&+ WKҧ PӝW Vӕ QKkQ Vӵ TXDQ WUӑQJ
FӫD 07*301 Pj 91&+ ÿDQJ FҫP W 7KҭP TX\ӅQ +RD .Ǥ OҫQ OѭӧW
OjP iS OӵF YӟL WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF /RDQ WѭӟQJ .Ǥ Yj WѭӟQJ 7KLӋX
FKR ÿӃQ NKL FKiQK SKӫ 91&+ WKӓD PmQ PӝW SKҫQ ÿӅ QJKӏ FӫD Kӑ

6DX NKL ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK Eӏ OѭX ÿj\ UD NKӓL QѭӟF YjR
WKiQJ +RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ Yj SKҫQ OӟQ FiF WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ ӣ 9LӋW
1DP ÿӅX ӫQJ Kӝ 7KLӃX 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ &DR .Ǥ QKѭ PӝW QKj OmQK ÿҥR
WKD\ WKӃ WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK 1KѭQJ QJѭӡL 0ӻ Eӏ QJӥ QJjQJ Yj EӕL
UӕL VDX NKL +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF FKҩS WKXұQ OLrQ GDQK WәQJ WKӕQJ SKy
WәQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX 1JX\ӉQ &DR .Ǥ WURQJ QăP EҫX Fӱ
%LӃQ Fӕ Qj\ OjP QJѭӡL 0ӻ VӱQJ VӕW Yu NKL QKyP {QJ .Ǥ ÿӗQJ ê
ÿӇ FKR {QJ 7KLӋX OjP WәQJ WKӕQJ Oj FKX\ӋQ NK{QJ WKӇ [ҧ\ UD ² KD\ tW
UD Oj QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿm NK{QJ WLrQ ÿRiQ ÿѭӧF ÿLӅX ÿy ;HP SKyQJ ҧQK
é NLӃQ FӫD WѭӟQJ /RDQ NKL {QJ .Ǥ FKӏX ÿӭQJ YDL SKy WәQJ WKӕQJ Oj
{QJ .Ǥ ÿm ÿLrQ QrQ PӟL OjP QKѭ Yұ\

84 LONG ĐIỀN

6DX NKL {QJ 7KLӋX WUӣ WKjQK WәQJ WKӕQJ QJѭӡL 0ӻ GӗQ PӑL OLrQ OҥF
[kP QKұS ÿӇ WuP KLӇX WKrP YӅ {QJ 7KLӋX 1KѭQJ WjL OLӋX FӫD &,$ Wӵ
WK~ Oj Kӑ WKҩW EҥL .KL NK{QJ WuP ÿѭӧF OLrQ OҥF ÿӇ ELӃW WKrP YӅ Fi WtQK
Yj ÿѭӡQJ OӕL VX\ QJKƭ FӫD 777 &,$ NK{QJ FzQ FiFK QjR NKiF KѫQ Oj
SKҧL [ӱ GөQJ SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ EҩW FKiQK QJKH OpQ Yj WKkX WKұS WLQ WӭF EҵQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 85

SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ ÿLӋQ Wӱ
Ĉ~QJ QKѭ Yұ\ WURQJ WjL OLӋX JLҧL PұW PӟL QKҩW &,$ WK~ QKұQ WUrQ

JLҩ\ WUҳQJ PӵF ÿHQ Oj Kӑ ÿm GQJ SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ QJKH OpQ ÿӇ WuP KLӇX
WLrQ ÿRiQ YӅ ê ÿӏQK FӫD 777 7ӯ JLӳD QăP WUӣ ÿL &,$ [ӱ GөQJ
SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ QJKH OpQ QKLӅX KѫQ NKL 777 KRjQ WRjQ FӫQJ Fӕ WKӃ OӵF Yj
WKD\ ÿәL KҫX KӃW SKH SKiL FӫD {QJ .Ǥ WURQJ TXkQ ÿӝL 7UѭӟF ÿy WjL OLӋX
&,$ FKR ELӃW Kӑ WKkX WKұS WLQ WӭF YӅ QKkQ Vӵ Yj ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD 91&+
TXD PӝW Vӕ FӝQJ Vӵ YLrQ Yj WѭӟQJ OmQK FKXQJ TXDQK {QJ .Ǥ 1KѭQJ
Wӯ WKiQJ WUӣ ÿL VDX NKL PӝW Vӕ Vƭ TXDQ WKkQ FұQ YӟL WѭӟQJ .Ǥ
Eӏ Wӱ WKѭѫQJ WURQJ Yө EҳQ OҫP ӣ &Kӧ /ӟQ Yj NKL {QJ .Ǥ Eӏ JӣL TXD
3DULV YjR ÿҫX QăP ÿӇ OjP TXDQ ViW YLrQ FKiQK SKӫ WURQJ FXӝF
KzD ÿjP &,$ PҩW ÿL WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ OLrQ OҥF Kӑ ÿDQJ Fy ÿӇ WKkX WKұS WLQ
WӭF YӅ 91&+ .K{QJ [kP QKұS Yj Jk\ ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿѭӧF WKҷQJ
YӟL {QJ 7KLӋX &,$ TXD\ VDQJ Jk\ ҧQK KѭӣQJ YӟL KDL FӝQJ Vӵ YLrQ WLQ
FҭQ QKҩW FӫD 777 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ ĈһQJ 9ăQ 4XDQJ Yj 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ
7KLӋQ .KLrP &,$ FKR ELӃW ÿ{L NKL WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ NK{QJ WKX\ӃW SKөF
ÿѭӧF 777 QKѭQJ NKL Kӑ GQJ {QJ .KLrP Yj WѭӟQJ 4XDQJ ³FKX\ӇQ
OӡL´ WKX\ӃW SKөF WKu 777 OҥL QJKH WKHR ³'QJ OLrQ OҥF Wӯ WѭӟQJ 4XDQJ
ÿӇ Jk\ ҧQK KѭӣQJ YӟL 777 Oj SKѭѫQJ WKӭF KLӋX TXҧ QKҩW ´ WjL OLӋX &,$
QKұQ [pW QKѭ Yұ\

777 ELӃW &,$ WKkX kP Yj QJKH OpQ ErQ WURQJ 'LQK ĈӝF /ұS ÐQJ
FNJQJ ELӃW PӝW Vӕ QKkQ YLrQ FKXQJ TXDQK {QJ OjP OLrQ OҥF YLrQ FKR &,$
1KѭQJ {QJ \rQ OһQJ OjP QKѭ NK{QJ TXDQ WkP 7URQJ WKӵF WӃ {QJ
OӧL GөQJ QKӳQJ SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ ÿy ÿӇ ³FKX\ӇQ OӡL´ OҥL YӟL WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ
ý nghƭ WKұW FӫD {QJ ² Yj ÿ{L NKL ê QJKƭ JLҧ GӕL ÿӇ ÿiQK OӯD QJѭӡL 0ӻ
&,$ ÿL ÿӃQ NӃW OXұQ Qj\ Yu TXD QKLӅX WUѭӡQJ KӧS {QJ 7KLӋX ÿm NK{QJ
JLӳ ÿѭӧF Vӵ WӭF JLұQ Yj QyL WKҷQJ YӟL WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ QKӳQJ Ju {QJ
ELӃW YӅ KRҥW ÿӝQJ VDX OѭQJ FӫD Kӑ ÐQJ ÿm QyL WKҷQJ YӟL &,$ Oj FKҷQJ
QKӳQJ Kӑ ÿm GXQJ W~QJ FKӭD FKҩS 7KѭӧQJ 7ӑD 7KtFK 7Ut 4XDQJ WURQJ
NKX{Q YLrQ WzD ÿҥL Vӭ Kӑ FzQ FXQJ FҩS QJkQ NKRҧQ WjL FKiQK ÿӇ FKR
WKѭӧQJ WӑD KXҩQ OX\ӋQ WKrP WtQ ÿӗ ÿӕL OұS YӟL FKiQK SKӫ 91&+
9j VDX KDL OҫQ Eӏ iS OӵF WKҧ W QKkQ FDR FҩS FӫD 07*301 {QJ 7KLӋX
FKXD FKiW QyL YӟL QJѭӡL 0ӻ ³ĈҩW QѭӟF Qj\ >91&+@ NK{QJ WLӃQ OrQ
ÿѭӧF Yu PӝW ÿҵQJ Oj Vӵ [kP QKұS FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ %ҳF 9LӋW ÿҵQJ NLD Oj
Vӵ [kP QKұS FӫD &,$ YjR Fѫ FҩX FKiQK SKӫ >91&+@ ´

9Ӆ Vӵ OLrQ OҥF Et PұW FӫD 0ӻ YӟL 07*301 {QJ 7KLӋX QyL ³NK{QJ
FKӯQJ WzD ÿҥL Vӭ ÿDQJ FKӭD FKҩS 9LӋW &ӝQJ Pj W{L FNJQJ NK{QJ ELӃW ´
7KҭP TX\ӅQ &,$ UҩW OR QJҥL YӅ QKӳQJ TXDQ ViW ³TXi ÿ~QJ´ FӫD 777
&,$ OR QJҥL ÿӃQ ÿӝ 7UѭӣQJ 9ө 9LӉQ Ĉ{QJ FӫD &,$ :LOOLDP ( 1HOVRQ

86 LONG ĐIỀN

SKҧL YLӃW PӝW EiR FiR FKR *LiP ĈӕF &,$ 5LFKDUG +HOPV NKX\ӃQ
FiR QKkQ YLrQ FӫD Fѫ TXDQ QrQ FҭQ WKұQ YӟL 777 9u PӝW PDL QӃX Fy
FKX\ӋQ EҩW KzD JLӳD +RD .Ǥ Yj 91&+ [ҧ\ UD ² KD\ JLӳD 777 Yj &,$
— 777 Fy WKӇ WLӃW Oӝ WҩW Fҧ FKX\ӋQ OjP FӫD &,$ FKR F{QJ OXұQ ELӃW

1ăP Yj Oj KDL QăP Pj 777 Yj &,$ FKiQK SKӫ 0ӻ Fy
QKLӅX YD FKҥP &KiQK SKӫ /\QGRQ -RKQVRQ UҩW EӵF WӭF NKL ELӃW 777
ÿDQJ QJҩP QJҫP ӫQJ Kӝ ӭQJ Fӱ YLrQ 5LFKDUG 1L[RQ TXD WUXQJ JLDQ Ej
$QQD &KHQQDXOW 1JѭӧF OҥL FNJQJ Wӯ DIIDLU ÿy 777 ÿѭӧF ĈҥL 6ӭ %L
'LӉP WK{QJ EiR Oj +RD .Ǥ ÿm QJKH OpQ KҫX KӃW QKӳQJ ÿӕL WKӑDL JLӳD
FiF WKҭP TX\ӅQ 91&+ ӣ WURQJ FNJQJ QKѭ QJRjL QѭӟF 7jL OLӋX
&,$ FNJQJ FKR ELӃW WURQJ KѫQ KDL WKiQJ FXӕL QăP ÿҫX QăP
777 Wӵ FҳW ÿӭW OLrQ OҥF YӟL WKҭP TX\ӅQ +RD .Ǥ Yu QKӳQJ Oê GR NӇ WUrQ

1ăP OLrQ KӋ EҩW WKkQ WKLӋQ JLӳD &,$ Yj 777 JLD WăQJ NKL
777 UD OӋQK WUX\ Wӕ 'kQ %LӇX 7UҫQ 1JӑF &KkX UD WzD YӅ WӝL OLrQ OҥF
YӟL FӝQJ VҧQ ÐQJ 7UҫQ 1JӑF &KkX NK{QJ [D Oҥ Ju YӟL &,$ 0ӻ WURQJ
QKӳQJ QăP ÐQJ ÿѭӧF Vӵ FҧP SKөF FӫD &,$ FKR ÿӃQ NKL Kӑ
Eӏ 777 WUyL WD\ .KL FzQ Oj 7ӍQK 7UѭӣQJ .LӃQ +zD {QJ &KkX Oj QJѭӡL
SKiF KӑD UD NӃ KRҥFK +Ӌ 7KӕQJ .KLӃX 1ҥL ;m ҨS +DPOHW &HQVXV
*ULHYDQFH 6\VWHP ÿӇ iS GөQJ VRQJ VRQJ YӟL &KѭѫQJ 7UuQK ;k\ 'ӵQJ
Nông Thôn. HӋ WKӕQJ NKLӃX QҥL [m ҩS FKR SKpS QJѭӡL GkQ YӯD WK{QJ
EiR YӟL FKiQK TX\ӅQ YӅ QKӳQJ FiQ Eӝ 9LӋW &ӝQJ WKkX WKXӃ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ
ÿӗQJ WKӡL QJѭӡL GkQ FNJQJ Fy WKӇ NKDL EiR FKR WKҭP TX\ӅQ YӅ QKӳQJ
KjQK YL OҥP GөQJ PҥL TX\ӅQ FӫD YLrQ FKӭF FKiQK SKӫ [m ҩS .LӃQ +zD
FNJQJ Oj QѫL ÿҫX WLrQ {QJ &KkX FKR SKpS &,$ WKjQK OұS FiF WRiQ WuQK
EiR EiQ TXkQ Vӵ 7KiP 6iW 7ӍQK 3URYLQFLDO 5HFRQQDLVVDQFH 8QLW ÿӇ
WULӋW WLrX Kҥ WҫQJ Fѫ Vӣ ÿӏFK 6DX .LӃQ +zD {QJ &KkX ÿѭӧF ÿѭD OrQ
OjP &KӍ +X\ 7UѭӣQJ 7UXQJ 7kP +XҩQ /X\ӋQ &iQ %ӝ ;k\ 'ӵQJ 1{QJ
7K{Q 9NJQJ 7jX 1KѭQJ Yu NK{QJ KӧS Yj NK{QJ WKjQK F{QJ WURQJ FKӭF
Yө Qj\ {QJ &KkX [LQ JLҧL QJNJ UӗL ӭQJ Fӱ GkQ ELӇX 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ
OjP GkQ ELӇX {QJ &KkX OLrQ OҥF YӟL &,$ [LQ QJkQ TXӻ ÿӇ WKjQK OұS PӝW
OӵF OѭӧQJ FKiQK WUӏ PөF WLrX FKiQK WUӏ FӫD {QJ &KkX Oj VҹQ VjQJ ÿӕL
WKRҥL YӟL WKjQK SKҫQ NK{QJ FӝQJ VҧQ FӫD 07*301 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ
YұQ ÿӝQJ {QJ &KkX Fy QKӳQJ WX\rQ Eӕ iP FKӍ {QJ ÿѭӧF Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ
FӫD &,$ 1JKH QKӳQJ WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD {QJ &KkX YӟL QKӳQJ EҩW WKLӋQ
FҧP YӅ &,$ 777 TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ³WKҩX Fi\´ {QJ 7UҫQ 1JӑF &KkX 777 KӓL
WKҷQJ 7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ &,$ 6jL *zQ 7HG 6KDFNOH\ Oj {QJ &KkX Fy ÿDQJ OjP
YLӋF FKR &,$ KD\ NK{QJ Yj QӃX FKiQK SKӫ EҳW {QJ &KkX YӅ WӝL OLrQ OҥF
YӟL FӝQJ VҧQ WKu &,$ Fy ³YҩQ ÿӅ´ Ju NK{QJ .K{QJ WKӇ JLӳ {QJ &KkX
Yj ÿӇ PҩW OzQJ 777 7HG 6KDFNOH\ WUҧ OӡL 777 Fy WRjQ TX\ӅQ ÿӕL [ӱ YӟL
ông Châu. (12)

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 87

&NJQJ WURQJ QăP &,$ ÿѭӧF GӏS ³WUҧ PLӃQJ´ OҥL 777 TXD Yө
+XǤQK 9ăQ 7UӑQJ Yj 9NJ 1JӑF 1Kҥ &XӕL QăP QăP ÿҫX QăP
&,$ NKiP SKi PӝW KӋ WKӕQJ WuQK EiR FӝQJ VҧQ ÿDQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ 6ài
*zQ 7ӯ ÿy Kӑ SKăQJ UD KDL {QJ 7UӑQJ Yj 1Kҥ ÿDQJ OLrQ OҥF Yj FXQJ FҩS
WLQ WӭF FKR FӝQJ VҧQ 7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ &,$ 7HG 6KDFNOH\ WK{QJ EiR FKR 777
sӁ EҳW JLӳ WUӑQ ә 7URQJ Vӵ Eàng hoàng, TTT yêu cҫX &,$ EҳW JLӳ Yà giҧL

88 LONG ĐIỀN

TX\ӃW FKX\ӋQ ÿy PӝW FiFK NtQ ÿiR ² Yu QӃX OjP OӟQ FKX\ӋQ {QJ VӁ
PҳF Fӣ YӟL GkQ FK~QJ Oj ÿm ³QX{L {QJ WD\ iR´ QJD\ WҥL WURQJ 'LQK 7әQJ
7KӕQJ 1KѭQJ &,$ NK{QJ ÿӗQJ ÿӗQJ ê +ӑ QyL SKҧL KjQK ÿӝQJ WKHR ê
Kӑ Yj EҳW WUӑQ ә UӗL ÿӃQ ÿkX KD\ ÿӃQ ÿy .ӃW TXҧ QKѭ FK~QJ WD ÿm WKҩ\
KѫQ QJѭӡL OLrQ KӋ WURQJ ә JLiQ ÿLӋS Eӏ NӃW WӝL WUѭӟF 7zD ÈQ 4XkQ 6ӵ

' YӟL WҩW Fҧ Vӵ QJKL QJӡ Yj OR Vӧ YӅ WKiL ÿӝ FӫD QJѭӡL 0ӻ 777 YүQ
SKҧL QKӡ YjR Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿӇ FӫQJ Fӕ TX\ӅQ OӵF Yj ÿҥW ÿѭӧF
QKӳQJ PөF WLrX Pj {QJ PXӕQ WKҩ\ ĈҫX QăP WURQJ FDR ÿLӇP
FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ 7ӃW 0ұX 7KkQ FӫD %ҳF 9LӋW X\ WKӃ Yj WtQ QKLӋP FӫD 777
[XӕQJ PӭF WKҩS QKҩW 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ {QJ FҫQ Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ FӫD +RD .Ǥ
— YӯD FKӕQJ FӝQJ YӯD FKӕQJ WKӃ OӵF FӫD {QJ SKy WәQJ WKӕQJ ĈѭӧF
GӏS ÿӕL WKRҥL YӟL 777 &,$ ÿm WjL WUӧ PӝW QJkQ NKRҧQ NKi OӟQ NKRҧQJ
100 ngàn mӻ NLP PӝW WKiQJ WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ WKiQJ ÿӇ {QJ 777 PXD
FKXӝF FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL ÿӕL OұS Yj Jk\ ҧQK KѭӣQJ FKtQK WUӏ ӣ 4XӕF +ӝL

Tӯ QăP WUӣ ÿL EiR FiR YӅ 777 FKӭD ÿөQJ QKLӅX Gӵ ÿRiQ OҥF TXDQ
YӟL QKLӅX WƭQK Wӯ WӕW ÿҽS 1KѭQJ NLQK QJKLӋP FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ QJѭӡL
0ӻ FKӍ OjP EҥQ NKL Kӑ FҫQ QJѭӡL EҥQ 1ӃX Vӵ WKӵF WӃ ÿzL KӓL SKҧL
Eӓ QJѭӡL ³EҥQ ´ SKҧL WKD\ ÿәL WKu Kӑ SKҧL TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WKHR WLQK WKҫQ
³SUDJPDWLVP´ FӫD QJѭӡL 0ӻ 7URQJ KDL WKiQJ FXӕL FQJ QăP
777 VDX NKL QyL WKҷQJ YjR PһW &ӕ 9ҩQ $Q 1LQK 4XӕF *LD +HQU\
.LVVLQJHU Oj ³7ҥL VDR W{L SKҧL WLQ {QJ"´ 9j ³0ӝW WrQ 9LӋW &ӝQJ JLDR OLên
ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ FzQ ELӃW QKLӅX YӅ QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ӣ %D /r KѫQ
W{L ´ WKu +RD .Ǥ ÿm TX\ӃW ÿӏQK NӃW WK~F OLrQ KӋ FӫD Kӑ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP
ÐQJ 7KLӋX WLQ YjR QKӳQJ OӡL KӭD Fi QKkQ FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
5LFKDUG 1L[RQ NKL Nê +LӋS ĈӏQK %D /r NK{QJ SKҧL Yì ông
WLQ Yӏ WәQJ WKӕQJ +RD .Ǥ ÐQJ WLQ Yu SKҧL WLQ Yì không còn
FKӑQ OӵD QjR NKiF ÐQJ Eӏ KăP GӑD ÿӇ WLQ YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ
ĈL NqP YӟL QKӳQJ Oi WKѭ YӯD NKҭQ NKRҧQ YӯD KӭD KҽQ FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
Nixon, là nhӳQJ iS OӵF UҩW NKpR OpR FӫD +RD .Ǥ QKҳP YjR QKӳQJ ³OLên
OҥF´ FKXQJ TXDQK 777 1KӳQJ QKkQ Vӵ WKkQ FұQ FӫD 777 ³ÿѭӧF´ FKR
ÿӑF QKӳQJ EiR FiR WѭӡQJ WUuQK UҩW EL TXDQ FӫD +RD .Ǥ YӅ Wình hình
TXkQ Vӵ Yj NLQK WӃ FӫD +RD .Ǥ ÿӕL YӟL 91&+ WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL JҫQ 5ӗL
Wӯ QKӳQJ OLrQ OҥF FKXQJ TXDQK 777 +RD .Ǥ JLD WăQJ iS OӵF KăP GӑD
9ӟL OӕL QyL FKX\ӋQ ³FҥQ WjX UiR PiQJ´ FӫD &ӕ 9ҩQ $Q 1LQK 4XӕF *LD
+HQU\ .LVVLQJHU Gƭ QKLrQ 777 SKҧL OR Vӧ Yj EӕL UӕL OR Vӧ Yu +RD .Ǥ
Fy WKӇ OjP WKұW YӟL QKӳQJ KăP GӑD EӕL UӕL Yu 91&+ NK{QJ Fy QKLӅX
WKӡL JLӡ ÿӇ [RD\ [ӣ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 89

1KѭQJ 777 YүQ JLӳ WKiL ÿӝ FӭQJ UҳQ YӟL .LVVLQJHU FKR ÿӃQ ÿӝ
.LVVLQJHU WKӅ VӁ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ WUӣ OҥL 6jL *zQ ÿӇ QyL FKX\ӋQ QӳD 9à
91&+ ² TXD ÿҥL GLӋQ FӫD 777 ² FӭQJ UҳQ YӟL +RD .Ǥ FKR ÿӃQ NKL
NK{QJ FzQ JLҧL SKiS QjR NKiF 1KkQ FKӭQJ Yj WjL OLӋX FKR ELӃW 777
ÿm ÿ{L OҫQ EұW NKyF WURQJ O~F QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL .LVVLQJHU KD\ ĈҥL 6ӭ
%XQNHU NKL NK{QJ JLӳ ÿѭӧF Vӵ WӭF JLұQ ² Yu ELӃW NK{QJ WKӇ Oàm gì
ÿѭӧF 1KӳQJ Oi WKѭ ULrQJ {QJ YLӃW FKR 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1L[RQ Oj PӝW EҵQJ
FKӭQJ FKR WKҩ\ {QJ FKӍ PRQJ PXӕQ 1L[RQ JLӳ ÿ~QJ OӡL KӭD 1KѭQJ
YӟL QӅQ OXұW SKiS FKһW FKӁ FӫD +RD .Ǥ OӡL KӭD ULrQJ FӫD PӝW WәQJ
WKӕQJ NK{QJ Fy JLi WUӏ Ju

1KѭQJ Vӵ ÿDX ÿӟQ Yj Y{ Oê QKҩW ² PӝW Y{ Oê NK{QJ WѭӣQJ ÿѭӧF ² là
VDX PӝW WKӡL JLDQ ÿ{L ErQ FmL Fӑ KăP GӑD QJX\ӅQ UӫD QKDX Yj 91&+ Eӏ
pS EXӝF SKҧL Nê KLӋS ѭӟF FKXQJ YӟL +RD .Ǥ +LӋS ĈӏQK %D /ê 1973
YүQ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FKiQK SKӫ +RD .Ǥ ÿѭD UD 4XӕF +ӝL ÿӇ SKr FKXҭQ 7KHR
+LӃQ 3KiS 0ӻ WәQJ WKӕQJ Fy TX\ӅQ Nê EҩW Fӭ KLӋS ѭӟF QjR YӟL EҩW Fӭ
TXӕF JLD QjR 1KѭQJ KLӋS ѭӟF FKӍ JLi WUӏ QKѭ PӝW WUiFK QKLӋP JLӳD +RD
.Ǥ Yj TXӕF JLD ÿӕL WѭӧQJ Yj FӫD +RD .Ǥ ÿӕL YӟL KLӋS ѭӟF ÿѭӧF Nê 7UiFK
QKLӋP ÿѭD KLӋS ѭӟF UD 4XӕF +ӝL ÿӇ ÿѭӧF SKr FKXҭQ Oj WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD
+jQK 3KiS WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Qj\ Oj WәQJ WKӕQJ 1KѭQJ Vӱ OLӋX FKR
WKҩ\ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1L[RQ ÿm NK{QJ QKLӋW WkP KD\ PXӕQ FKR 4XӕF +ӝL
+RD .Ǥ WKҩ\ QӝL GXQJ Yj QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW FӫD EҧQ +LӋS ĈӏQK %D /ê 1973.
Sau này khi VNCH thҩW WKӫ 4XӕF +ӝL QyL Kӑ NK{QJ Fy WUiFK QKLӋP
Yu Kӑ NK{QJ ELӃW Ju YӅ QӝL GXQJ EҧQ KLӋS ѭӟF 9Ӆ SKtD +ành Pháp, tân
7әQJ 7KӕQJ *HUDOG )RUG WKu OҥL FjQJ Fy Oê GR KѫQ NKL QyL {QJ KRjQ
WRjQ NK{QJ ELӃW Ju YӅ QKӳQJ KӭD KҽQ JLӳD FKiQK SKӫ WUѭӟF FKiQK
SKӫ 1L[RQ Yj 91&+ 7URQJ NKL ÿy QKӳQJ JLӟL FKӭF 0ӻ ÿm SKөF Yө
Yj OLrQ OҥF YӟL FKiQK SKӫ 777 ӣ 6jL *zQ WKu FKӍ ELӃW FKӱL ÿәQJ YӅ
FKiQK SKӫ PuQK 1KѭQJ WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ ÿә WKӯD NK{QJ FzQ WKjQK YҩQ
ÿӅ QӳD 91&+ ÿm WKҩW WKӫ .LVVLQJHU Yj 1L[RQ ÿm Fӕ JҳQJ JLӳ NtQ Yà
EѭQJ EtW QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӟL +j 1ӝL 7jL OLӋX JLҧL PұW FӫD
&,$ FKR WKҩ\ .LVVLQJHU JҫQ QKѭ Oj ÿӝF W{Q WURQJ TX\ӅQ KҥQ ÿҥL GLӋQ
FKR 1L[RQ WURQJ QKӳQJ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӟL 91&+ Yj %ҳF 9LӋW Tháng
WUѭӟF PһW ĈҥL 6ӭ %XQNHU .LVVLQJHU UD OӋQK FKR 7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ
&,$ 6jL *zQ 7KRPDV 3ROJDU NK{QJ ÿѭӧF WLӃW Oӝ YӅ WәQJ Kành dinh
&,$ ӣ /DQJ /H\ QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW YӅ FXӝF WKѭѫQJ QJKӏ Pà CIA Sài Gòn
ELӃW ÿѭӧF TXD OLrQ OҥF Kӑ Fy ErQ WURQJ QKkQ Vӵ 07*301 &kX QyL FӫD
777 ³0ӝW WrQ 9LӋW &ӝQJ JLDR OLrQ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ FzQ ELӃW QKLӅX YӅ QKӳQJ
FKL WLӃW WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ӣ %D /r KѫQ W{L ´ Fy WKӇ iS GөQJ OX{Q YӟL FiF
WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Qj\

777 NK{QJ WLQ QJѭӡL 0ӻ ² KD\ Fi QKkQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1L[RQ ²

90 LONG ĐIỀN

QKѭQJ SKҧL ÿL WKHR NӃ KRҥFK VDX FQJ YӟL Kӑ Yu {QJ NK{QJ FzQ FKӑQ
OӵD QjR WKtFK QJKL KѫQ 1KӳQJ WKҭP TX\ӅQ QKѭ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ $EUDPV
7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ &,$ 6jL *zQ 3ROJDU ĈҥL 6ӭ %XQNHU ÿӅX NӃW OXұQ +RD .Ǥ
ÿm SKҧQ EӝL 91&+ 1KѭQJ QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW Qj\ SKҧL WK~ QKұn, chính
Kӑ FNJQJ NK{QJ WLrQ ÿRiQ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ Ju ÿm [ҧ\ UD 'ѭӟL PҳW PӝW Vӱ JLD
KLӋQ ÿҥL ² ÿӗQJ WKӡL Oj FӵX QKkQ YLrQ &,$ FDR FҩS ² 777 ÿiQJ ÿѭӧF
FD QJӧL NKL {QJ ÿm OjP WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ Ju {QJ Fy WKӇ OjP ÿѭӧF WURQJ JLDL
ÿRҥQ ÿy WURQJ KRjQ FҧQK ÿy

/LrQ +Ӌ 9ӟL &iF 7ѭӟQJ /mQK 91&+
0ӝW Vӕ WiF JLҧ 0ӻ Yj 9LӋW GQJ WƭQK Wӯ ³NK{Q YһW´ FKR 777 .KҧR
ViW FXӝF ÿӡL 777 QJѭӡL YLӃW NK{QJ QJKƭ 777 FKӍ NK{Q YһW 6ӵ NK{Q
QJRDQ FӫD 777 FDR KѫQ NK{Q YһW QKLӅX &KӍ Eҧ\ QăP VDX QJày ra
WUѭӡQJ {QJ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK FKӍ KX\ WUѭӣQJ PӝW WUѭӡQJ ÿào
WҥR Vƭ TXDQ 9} %ӏ /LrQ 4XkQ Ĉj /ҥW 9ӟL NK{QJ KѫQ QăP TXkQ Yө
WtQK ÿӃQ QJj\ {QJ WUӣ WKjQK WәQJ WKӕQJ Yj WәQJ FӝQJ WKiQJ WKө
KXҩQ TXkQ Vӵ WәQJ FӝQJ WKӡL JLDQ ӣ 9} %ӏ +XӃ WUѭӡQJ &RHWTXLGDQ
3KiS 7KDP 0ѭX &KӍ +X\ +j 1ӝL 777 SKҧL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL NK{Q
KѫQ ³NK{Q YһW´ NKL {QJ ORҥL WUӯ QKӳQJ ÿӕL WKӫ FKtQK WUӏ Yj TXkQ Vӵ ÿӇ
QҳP TX\ӅQ OmQK ÿҥR TXӕF JLD 1KuQ TXD Vӵ QJKLӋS FKtQK WUӏ FӫD Fӕ 777
FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ 777 Fy QKӳQJ ÿӭF WtQK FҫQ WKLӃW ÿӇ ³ELӃW´ Pj VӕQJ
ËW WX\rQ Eӕ QJRjL F{QJ FӝQJ Yj NtQ ÿiR YӟL QKӳQJ ê QJKƭ KD\ NӃ
KRҥFK 777 Fy ÿѭӧF WiQK WӕW FҫQ WKLӃW FKR QKӳQJ TXkQ QKkQ Oàm chánh
WUӏ WURQJ EӕQ QăP [iR WUӝQ 7ӯ QăP ² VDX NKL WѭӟQJ
NguyӉQ .KiQK ³FKӍQK Oê´ Yj FKLӃP TX\ӅQ Wӯ WѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK
— FKR ÿӃQ WKiQJ {QJ 7KLӋX FKӭQJ Wӓ ÿѭӧF Vӵ NK{Q QJRDQ VR
YӟL FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK WUrQ Yj GѭӟL 7URQJ NKL KҫX KӃW FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK ÿjQ
DQK KRһF Eӏ JLҧL QKLӋP OѭX ÿj\ KD\ JLDP OӓQJ {QJ 7KLӋX GҫQ GҫQ Oҩ\
ÿѭӧF Vӵ WtQ QKLӋP FӫD ÿD Vӕ TXkQ QKkQ TXD Vӵ NLrQ QKүQ Yj PӅP PӓQJ
NKL JLDR WKLӋS 1ӃX {QJ 7KLӋX ÿm [ӱ GөQJ QKӳQJ PiQK NKRp YӅ QJRҥL
JLDR Yj FKtQK WUӏ ÿӇ WUӣ WKjQK WәQJ WKӕQJ YjR WKiQJ WKu QKӳQJ
PiQK NKRp ÿy SKҧL KLӋX QJKLӋP FKR Vӵ VӕQJ FzQ FӫD JLӟL WѭӟQJ Oãnh
FKtQK WUӏ WURQJ EӕQ QăP [iR WUӝQ .K{QJ QKLӅX WKu tW FKҳF
FKҳQ WѭӟQJ 7KLӋX SKҧL Fy ê NLӃQ YӅ Vӕ WѭӟQJ OmQK Eӏ OѭX ÿj\ KD\ Eӏ
JLҧL QJNJ ² Yj WҩW Fҧ FiF Yӏ WѭӟQJ ÿy ÿӅX WKkP QLrQ KѫQ {QJ YӅ FҩS EұF
OrQ FҩS WѭӟQJ WUѭӟF VDX 9ӏ WѭӟQJ FXӕL FQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX &y WKkP
QLrQ FҩS EұF FQJ QJj\ YӟL {QJ 7KLӋX OrQ WKLӃX WѭӟQJ QJày 2 tháng
WURQJ PӝW FKX\ӃQ F{QJ GX ӣ ĈjL /RDQ QăP Eӏ Eӓ OҥL Yà
VDX ÿy FҩP WUӣ YӅ QѭӟF ÿӃQ WKiQJ ÿѭӧF FKtQK WәQJ WKӕQJ 7KLӋX
cho phép hӗL KѭѫQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 91

&XӝF EҫX Fӱ QăP Oj PӝW WKt Gө YӅ Vӵ NK{Q QJRDQ FӫD {QJ
7KLӋX 7URQJ FXӝF EҫX Fӱ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD QӅQ ĈӋ 1Kӏ &ӝQJ +zD WKiQJ
Fҧ KDL {QJ &Kӫ 7ӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ /mQK ĈҥR 4XӕF *LD 7KLӋX Yj
&Kӫ 7ӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK 3KiS 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ .Ǥ ÿӅX PXӕQ ӭQJ Fӱ WәQJ
WKӕQJ NK{QJ DL FKӏX ӭQJ Fӱ QKѭ SKy WәQJ WKӕQJ &ҧ TX\ӃW OLӋW ÿӃQ ÿӝ
WX\rQ Eӕ VӁ WiFK UD ÿӭQJ ULrQJ OLrQ GDQK WәQJ WKӕQJ 1KѭQJ +ӝL ĈӗQJ
7ѭӟQJ /mQK NK{QJ PXӕQ WKҩ\ Vӵ FKLD UӁ JLӳD KDL QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR TXkQ
ÿӝL 9j QӃX ӭQJ Fӱ ULrQJ OLrQ GDQK FKѭD FKҳF Kӑ WKҳQJ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ
OLrQ GDQK GkQ Vӵ ĈҫX WKiQJ VDX KѫQ WLӃQJ ÿӗQJ Kӗ QJKӏ
OXұQ JLӳD FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK WURQJ +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF KӝL ÿӗQJ ÿӅ QJKӏ
KDL QJѭӡL VӁ ÿӭQJ FKXQJ OLrQ GDQK {QJ 7KLӋX ӭQJ Fӱ WәQJ WKӕQJ {QJ
.Ǥ SKy WәQJ WKӕQJ 1KѭQJ ÿӇ ÿӅQ E OҥL {QJ .Ǥ VӁ Fy WRjQ TX\ӅQ Eә
QKLӋP 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ Yj FiF 7әQJ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ FӫD QӝL FiF FNJQJ QKѭ FiF
Wѭ OӋQK TXkQ Vӵ WUӑQJ \ӃX ÐQJ 7KLӋX ÿӗQJ ê Yj Nê Wӡ FDP NӃW YӟL FiF
WѭӟQJ OmQK 'ѭӟL PҳW PӑL QJѭӡL TXD YӟL QKӳQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ ÿy
{QJ 7KLӋX VӁ WUӣ WKjQK PӝW WәQJ WKӕQJ E QKuQ NK{QJ WKӵF OӵF 1KѭQJ
QӃX QKuQ [D KѫQ FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ Vӵ NK{Q QJRDQ FӫD {QJ 7KLӋX &KLӃX
WKHR +LӃQ 3KiS WәQJ WKӕQJ O~F QjR FNJQJ Fy WRjQ TX\ӅQ KӭD YӟL QKDX
EҵQJ PLӋQJ KD\ Nê JLҩ\ FDP NӃW NK{QJ WKD\ ÿәL ÿѭӧF TX\ ÿӏQK FӫD
KLӃQ SKiS +ѫQ QӳD YӟL WiQK WuQK UҩW EӕF ÿӗQJ WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL {QJ .Ǥ
VӁ PҩW ÿL QKLӅX ÿӗQJ PLQK WURQJ TXkQ ÿӝL 9ӟL VX\ OXұQ ÿy {QJ 7KLӋX
WҥP WKӡL FKӏX ³QKѭӡQJ ´ Yj NLrQ QKүQ FKӡ WKӃ OӵF FӫD SKtD {QJ .Ǥ VX\
tàn. (21)

7ULӋW WLrX ÿѭӧF WKӃ OӵF FӫD {QJ .Ǥ QKѭQJ Wӯ QăP WUӣ ÿL 777
YҩS SKҧL PӝW OӛL OҫP YӅ OLrQ KӋ WURQJ KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL YӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF
Yj FKLӃQ WKXұW NKLӃQ FiF Vƭ TXDQ WXӟQJ OmQK NK{QJ FzQ NtQK WUӑQJ {QJ
QKѭ Oj PӝW WKӫ OmQK ĈӇ FӫQJ Fӕ WKӃ OӵF QăP 777 WULӋX KӗL ĈҥL
7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 7KLӋQ .KLrP YӅ QѭӟF Eә QKLӋP OjP SKy WKӫ WѭӟQJ NLrP
WәQJ WUѭӣQJ QӝL Yө UӗL WKӫ WѭӟQJ NLrP WәQJ WUѭӣQJ TXӕF SKzQJ VDX NKL
7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ Wӯ FKӭF &QJ QăP {QJ ÿѭD WѭӟQJ Ĉӛ
&DR 7Ut YӅ OjP 7ѭ /ӋQK 9QJ ,,, 7KiQJ {QJ EDQ KjQK PӝW VҳF
OӋQK WKD\ ÿәL Fѫ FҩX TXkQ Vӵ WURQJ WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD %ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP
0ѭX Yj 4XkQ ĈRjQ 4XkQ .KX 1yL PӝW FiFK NKiF ÿӃQ FXӕL QăP
FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK ÿm ³YjR KjQJ´ WKHR OӋQK 777 1KѭQJ ÿӇ EҧR YӋ TX\ӅQ
OӵF Yj SKzQJ Kӡ QKӳQJ ELӃQ ÿӝQJ Fy WKӇ [ҧ\ UD 777 WұS WUXQJ TX\ӅQ
OӵF WURQJ WD\ ² YӅ KjQK FKiQK FNJQJ QKѭ YӅ TXkQ Vӵ ² KjQK ÿӝQJ Qj\
ÿm Jk\ QKӳQJ SKүQ Qӝ QJҩP QJҫP WURQJ JLӟL TXkQ ÿӝL 6ӵ OR Vӧ ÿҧR
FKiQK NKLӃQ FKR 777 JLӳ OҥL PӝW Vӕ WѭӟQJ OmQK OӁ UD {QJ SKҧL FKR Kӑ
JLҧL QJNJ Wӯ OkX &NJQJ Yu Vӧ ÿҧR FKiQK {QJ Fy QKӳQJ OLrQ KӋ YӟL PӝW Vӕ
WѭӟQJ OmQK Pj TXD Vӵ TXDQ ViW ErQ QJRjL NK{QJ KӧS YӟL TXkQ SKRQJ

92 LONG ĐIỀN

TXkQ Nӹ 5ҩW QKLӅX WKt Gө FKR WKҩ\ 777 EҩW FҫQ KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL
Yj FKӍ KX\ TXkQ ÿӝL WKҷQJ Wӯ 'LQK ĈӝF /ұS 7URQJ FDR ÿLӇP FӫD FXӝF
KjQK TXkQ /DP 6ѫQ 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ /mP [LQ ÿѭӧF Wӯ FKӭF Yu {QJ
NK{QJ ÿӫ TX\ӅQ OӵF Yj Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD 777 ÿӇ UD OӋQK FKR KDL WѭӟQJ 'ѭ
4XӕF ĈӕQJ Yj /r 1JX\rQ .KDQJ &NJQJ WURQJ EXәL KӑS ÿy WѭӟQJ 9LrQ

PӝW OҫQ QӳD [LQ Wӯ FKӭF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 93

94 LONG ĐIỀN

1KѭQJ 777 NK{QJ KjQK ÿӝQJ .K{QJ SKҧL 777 Fy ³YҩQ ÿӅ´
NKL FKR KDL Yӏ WѭӟQJ Qj\ JLҧL QJNJ QKѭQJ {QJ WKҩ\ NKy WuP QKӳQJ
Vƭ TXDQ NKiF WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL {QJ ÿӇ WKD\ YjR FKӛ FӫD KDL Yӏ WѭӟQJ
Qj\ 0ӝW WKt Gө NKiF Oj NKL {QJ UD TXkQ OӋQK EҳW JLӳ &KXҭQ 7ѭӟQJ
9NJ 9ăQ *LDL WURQJ NKL 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WKҩW WKӫ WKiQJ 7KD\ Yu FKӍ
FҫQ ³ÿӅ QJKӏ´ YӟL 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ KD\ 7ѭ /ӋQK 9QJ WUX\
Wӕ WѭӟQJ *LDL WKHR ÿ~QJ WLQK WKҫQ FӫD KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL {QJ 7KLӋX
ÿtFK WKkQ UD TXkQ OӋQK Wӯ 3Kӫ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ [HP SKyQJ ҧQK /ӕL
[ӱ GөQJ TX\ӅQ KҥQ QKѭ Yұ\ Jk\ QKLӅX EҩW PmQ WURQJ TXkQ ÿӝL ² PӝW
Wә FKӭF FKӍ WUѭӡQJ WӗQ WURQJ KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL QJKLrP QJһW

7URQJ KDL QăP VDX FQJ FӫD 91&+ TX\ӅQ FKӍ KX\ TXkQ ÿӝL
FjQJ O~F FjQJ Eӏ WKX JӑQ YjR 'LQK ĈӝF /ұS 4XkQ ÿӝL 91&+ Eӏ
WKҩW WKӃ WUѭӟF OӕL FKӕQJ FӝQJ PmQK OLӋW Yj TX\ӃW WkP FӫD 777 {QJ
NKăQJ NKăQJ ÿzL KӓL TXkQ ÿӝL ² PӝW TXkQ ÿӝL FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ \ӃX
Yu WKLӃX YLӋQ WUӧ ² SKҧL WULӋW ÿӇ EҧR YӋ &Kӫ 7UѭѫQJ %ӕQ .K{QJ Pà
{QJ ÿm ÿӅ UD YjL QăP WUѭӟF 0ӝW WURQJ EӕQ NK{QJ Qj\ Oj ³NK{QJ
QKѭӧQJ ÿҩW´ FKR FӝQJ VҧQ 1KѭQJ YӟL Vӕ TXkQ YLӋQ FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ
tW KѫQ NKҧ QăQJ Fѫ ÿӝQJ FӫD TXkQ OӵF NK{QJ FzQ QӳD 3Kt WәQ ÿӇ
EҧR YӋ QKӳQJ WLӅQ ÿӗQ ӣ [D WUӣ QrQ TXi WӕQ NpP 1KѭQJ WәQJ WKӕQJ
7KLӋX YүQ TX\ӃW OLӋW YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ NK{QJ QKѭӧQJ ÿҩW ² G QKӳQJ
SKҫQ ÿҩW NK{QJ Fy PӝW OӧL tFK Ju YӅ FKLӃQ WKXұW KD\ FKLӃQ OѭӧF

.KL 91&+ PҩW 3KѭӟF /RQJ YjR FXӕL QăP WәQJ WKӕQJ
7KLӋX Fy WKD\ ÿәL ÿ{L FK~W FKӫ WUѭѫQJ NK{QJ QKѭӧQJ ÿҩW FӫD
{QJ 1KѭQJ ÿӃQ O~F ÿy WKu TXi WUӉ 7KiQJ 1975, sau khi CSVN
FKLӃP %DQ 0r 7KXӝW FKӍ WURQJ ED WXҫQ WәQJ WKӕQJ 7KLӋX ÿѫQ WKkQ
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK PӝW Vӕ NӃ KRҥFK TXkQ Vӵ FKLӃQ OѭӧF Y{ FQJ WDL KҥL
ÿӇ ÿѭD ÿӃQ Vӵ WKҩW WKӫ KRjQ WRjQ FӫD 91&+ KѫQ PӝW WKiQJ VDX
6DX NKL Ĉj 1ҹQJ WKҩW WKӫ YjR FXӕL WKiQJ Yj QJD\ QJj\ ED Vѭ ÿRjQ
&6%9 ÿiQK YjR ;XkQ /ӝF ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 9LrQ Fy OjP PӝW SKLӃX ÿӋ
WUuQK OrQ 777 [LQ SKpS WKjQK OұS PӝW 4XkQ ĈRjQ 'm &KLӃQ YӟL WKҭP
TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ KDL TXkQ FKӫQJ .K{QJ 4XkQ Yj +ҧL 4XkQ 1JѭӡL
YLӃW NK{QJ WuP ÿѭӧF Vӱ OLӋX FKR ELӃW SKҧQ ӭQJ FӫD 777 YӅ SKLӃX ÿӋ
WUuQK FӫD WѭӟQJ 9LrQ 1KѭQJ ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ Pj WѭӟQJ 9LrQ
PӟL ÿӅ QJKӏ QKѭ Yұ\ WKu TXi WUӉ ĈLӅX Qj\ FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ D %ӝ
7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 91&+ NK{QJ Fy WKҭP TX\ӅQ QKѭ GDQK [ѭQJ Yj
(b) TTT thұW Vӵ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ 4XkQ /ӵF 91&+ WKҷQJ Wӯ TX\ӅQ OӵF WәQJ
WKӕQJ EҩW FKҩS KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL 0ӝW WURQJ KDL ² KD\ Fҧ KDL ²
Vӵ NLӋQ ÿy Fy WKӇ Oj QKӳQJ \ӃX Wӕ ÿѭD ÿӃQ Vӵ WKҩW WKӫ FӫD 91&+
NGUYӈ1 .ǣ 3+21*

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 95

(1) 1JѭӡL YLӃW [ӱ GөQg mӝW Vӕ EiR FiR YӅ 777 VDX ÿk\ &HQWUDO
Intelligence Agency. Office of Central Reference, Biographic
Register: Chairman, National Directory Committee (24 June, 1965/
declassified 11-20-1986); Defense Intelligence Agency. Biographic
Data: President Nguyen Van Thieu (July 1968/ declassified 8-2-1999);
Embassy SAIGON: Some Aspects of Personal Relations Among
Senior RVAF Officers (August 15, 1971; declassified 8-20-2009).
1JѭӡL YLӃW [LQ FҧP Wҥ EҥQ -D\ 9HLWK ² PӝW FKX\rQ YLrQ YӅ Vӱ OLӋX
FKLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP Yj FNJQJ Oj PӝW WiF JLҧ ² ÿm FXQJ FҩS WjL OLӋX JLҧL
PұW PӟL QKҩW YӅ Fӕ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX Pj QJѭӡL YLӃW ÿm
WUtFK WURQJ EjL ³&iR JLj ´ ³NK{Q YһW´ Oj Wӯ QJX\rQ WKӫ\ GQJ WURQJ EiR
cáo tháng 8-1971.

(2) Thomas L.. Ahern, Jr., CIA and the Generals: Covert Support
to Military Government in South Vietnam (Center for the Study of
,QWHOOLJHQFH &HQWUDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH $JHQF\ Ĉk\ Oj WұS WjL OLӋX WӕL
PұW YLӃW VkX UӝQJ YӅ OLrQ KӋ FӫD +RD .Ǥ YӟL FiF WKҭP TX\ӅQ 91&+

(3) ĈҥL Vӭ %XQNHU Wӯ WKiQJ ÿӃQ WKiQJ PӛL WXҫQ YLӃW
PӝW EiR FiR YӅ FKR WәQJ WKӕQJ /\QGRQ -RKQVRQ Yj VDX ÿy Oj 5LFKDUG
Nixon. NhӳQJ EiR FiR Qj\ ² WUӯ ÿL PӝW Vӕ YүQ FKѭD ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW ²
QҵP WURQJ Eӝ ViFK ED TX\ӇQ 'RXJODV 3LNH 7KH %XQNHU 3DSHUV 5HSRUW
to the President from Vietnam, 1967-1973 (University of California,
%HUNHOH\ ĈҥL Vӭ %XQNHU Fy QKLӅX ê NLӃQ Fi QKkQ YӅ KDL {QJ
7KLӋX .Ǥ WURQJ EiR FiR 7URQJ EiR FiR KjQJ WXҫQ QJѭӡL ÿӑF WKҩ\
ĈҥL 6ӭ %XQNHU GҫQ GҫQ WKD\ ÿәL ê NLӃQ FӫD {QJ YӅ 777 7ӯ QKӳQJ FKӍ
WUtFK JD\ JҳW ӣ QKӳQJ EiR FiR ÿҫX ² Pj WURQJ Gy Fy QKӳQJ WƭQK Wӯ FKӍ
{QJ 7KLӋX QKѭ FKѫL [ҩX WLӇX QKkQ NK{QJ W{Q WUӑQJ OXұW F{QJ EҵQJ ²
QKѭQJ ÿӃQ JLӳD QăP {QJ %XQNHU Wӯ Wӯ WKD\ ÿәL QKұQ [pW FӫD {QJ
YӅ 777 EiR FiR YLӃW YӟL QKLӅX OӡL NKHQ QJӧL Yj WiQ WөQJ 1JѭӧF OҥL YӟL
Vӵ WUҫP WƭQK KLӃP Fy FӫD PӝW QKj QJRҥL JLDR ĈҥL 6ӭ %XQNHU ÿm FKLQK
SKөF ÿѭӧF 777 *LӟL WKҭP TX\ӅQ +RD .Ǥ ӣ 6jL *zQ QKұQ [pW Oj FKӍ
Fy %XQNHU PӟL WKX\ӃW SKөF ÿѭӧF 777 WURQJ QKӳQJ JLDL ÿӑDQ NKy NKăQ
JLӳD OLrQ KӋ 0ӻ 9LӋW

(4) Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Current Intelligence, 28
August 1963, Subject: Cast of Characters in South Vietnam. McGeorge
%XQG\ Oj QJѭӡL WKX\ӃW WUuQK FKR 7әQJ 7KӕQJ .HQQHG\ YӅ QKӳQJ QKkQ
YұW FKӕQJ Yj ӫQJ Kӝ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'LӋP ÿѭѫQJ WKӡL

(5) ĈҥL 7i 7KLӋX ÿѭӧF WKăQJ FҩS WKLӃX WѭӟQJ PӝW QJj\ VDX NKL ÿҧR
FKiQK WKjQK F{QJ 7KHR KӗL Nê FӫD 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ Ĉ{Q 9LӋW

96 LONG ĐIỀN

Nam Nhân ChӭQJ QJj\ WKiQJ NKL ÿӃQ WUuQK GLӋQ WѭӟQJ
Ĉ{Q {QJ 7KLӋX PyF WURQJ W~L UD PӝW FһS VDR WKLӃX WѭӟQJ Yj ÿѭD FKR
{QJ Ĉ{Q ÐQJ Ĉ{Q YLӃW WURQJ ViFK Oj {QJ QJҥF QKLrQ NKL WKҩ\ ÿҥL Wi
7KLӋX Fy VҹQ FһS VDR WURQJ W~L ĈҥL 7i 7KLӋX Oj PӝW WURQJ KDL ÿҥL Wi
GX\ QKҩW ÿѭӧF WKăQJ WѭӟQJ QJD\ VDX QJj\ ÿҧR FKiQK 1JѭӡL NLD Oj ĈҥL
7i 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX &y 0ѭӡL JLӡ ViQJ QJj\ WKiQJ 7ѭ /ӋQK
0$&9 3DXO +DUNLQV EiR FiR YӅ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ %DQ 7KDP
PѭX /LrQ 4XkQ 0D[ZHOO 7D\ORU Oj KDL ĈҥL 7i &y Yj 7KLӋX ÿm ÿѭӧF
WKăQJ FҩS WѭӟQJ 1KѭQJ FNJQJ WURQJ PӝW EiR FiR NKiF Wӯ +DUNLQV JӣL YӅ
7D\ORU FKLӅX FQJ QJj\ GDQK ViFK OrQ WѭӟQJ Fy WKrP WrQ ĈҥL 7i
/kP 9ăQ 3KiW %iR FiR YӅ WKiL ÿӝ FӫD ĈҥL 7i 7KLӋX QҵP WURQJ )RUHLJQ
Relations of the U.S, Vietnam, August-December 1963, các trang 48,
+ѫQ ED WKiQJ WUѭӟF ÿy WURQJ PӝW EiR FiR QJj\ WKiQJ
GR &,$ VRҥQ WKҧR Pj WiF JLҧ Oj :LOOLDP ( &ROE\ JKL QKұQ YӅ
ĈҥL 7i 7KLӋX ³ &{QJ *LiR JӕF PLӅQ 7UXQJ ӫQJ Kӝ 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX
Yj Fy WKӇ WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL FKӃ ÿӝ ´ ĈӑF )RUHLJQ 5HODWLRQV RI WKH 8 6
Vietnam, January-August 1963, trang 580.

(6) &KiQK SKӫ 91&+ SKyQJ WKtFK PӝW Vӕ QKkQ Vӵ TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD
07*301 ÿDQJ Eӏ &ҧQK 6iW 4XӕF *LD 91&+ JLDP JLӳ WURQJ ÿy Fy
Yӧ FӫD 7UҫQ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ 0DL 7Kӏ 9jQJ Yj 7UҫQ %ӱX .LӃP 3KҥP 7Kӏ
<ӃQ Yj PӝW Vӕ FiQ Eӝ JLDR OLrQ %DQ ÿҫX 91&+ SKҧQ ÿӕL QKѭQJ VDX
FQJ Yu iS OӵF FNJQJ SKҧL FӝQJ WiF YӟL +RD .Ǥ WURQJ NӃ KRҥFK OLrQ OҥF
YӟL 07*310 7ӯ WKiQJ FKR ÿӃQ WKiQJ WKiQJ 91&+
WKҧ Ej 9jQJ Yj Ej <ӃQ FӝQJ WKrP FiQ Eӝ JLDR OLrQ SKtD ErQ NLD ĈәL
OҥL SKtD 07*301 FKӍ WKҧ ED W ELQK +RD .Ǥ 6DX FQJ NӃ KRҥFK Qj\
FNJQJ NK{QJ ÿL ÿӃQ ÿkX 1KѭQJ WjL OLӋX FKR WKҩ\ &,$ ÿm [kP QKұS ÿѭӧF
PӝW Vӕ QKkQ Vӵ FӫD 07*301 QKѭQJ NK{QJ ELӃW SKҧL Wӯ NӃ KRҥFK Qj\
không.

(7) ;HP $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ

(8) $KHUQ VÿG GүQ WUDQJ

(9) $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ &,$ QyL Wӯ WKiQJ ÿӃQ WKiQJ &,$
FXQJ FҩS FKR 7KtFK 7Ut 4XDQJ ÿӗQJ WѭѫQJ ÿѭѫQJ Pӻ
NLP JLi ÿѭѫQJ WKӡL

(10) William E. Nelson, Chief, Far East Division, Memorandum for
the DCI [Director, Central Intelligence], “President Thieu’s Comment
RQ WKH &,$´ )HEUXDU\ 7UtFK WKHR $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ .KX\ӃQ
FiR FӫD 1HOVRQ ÿ~QJ ÿѭӧF SKkQ QӱD YjR QăP NKL 777 WXQJ UD
F{QJ OXұQ QKӳQJ WUDR ÿәL Et PұW JLӳD {QJ Yj 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 5LFKDUG
Nixon.

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 97

(11) 9Ӆ QKӳQJ OLrQ OҥF JLӳD 1L[RQ &KHQQDXOW 7KLӋX Yj NKҧ QăQJ
QJKH OpQ FӫD )%, &,$ Yj 1KD 7UX\ӅQ 7LQ 0ұW 0m 4XӕF *LD 1DWLRQDO
6HFXULW\ $JHQF\ ÿӑF %L 'LӉP ,Q WKH -DZV RI +LVWRU\ :LOOLDP
Bundy, Tangled Web; và, Thomas Powers, The Man Who kept the

6HFUHWV 5LFKDUG +HOPV DQG WKH &,$ 6ӵ NLӋQ QJKH OpQ Qj\ FNJQJ ÿѭӧF
JLҧL PұW Yj ÿăQJ WURQJ )RUHLJQ 5HODWLRQV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 9LHWQDP
September 1968-January 1969.

(12) 7KHR OӡL {QJ &KkX Yj FNJQJ WKHR Kӗ Vѫ FӫD &,$ {QJ &KkX Fy
OLrQ OҥF YӟL QJѭӡL HP Oj 7UҫQ 1JӑF +LӅQ PӝW FiQ Eӝ FӝQJ VҧQ Wӯ QăP
;HP 7KRPDV $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ

(13) .LVVLQJHU ÿӃQ 6jL *zQ EjQ WKҧR YӅ ÿӅ QJKӏ FӫD +j 1ӝL OҫQ ÿҫX
WLrQ YjR QJj\ WKiQJ 6DX OҫQ QyL FKX\ӋQ NKDL PjR Qj\ 777
QJѭQJ OLrQ OҥF YӟL WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ KѫQ PӝW WKiQJ VDX 7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ &,$
6jL *zQ NӇ OҥL Oj .LVVLQJHU QyL WKҷQJ YӟL 777 QӃX +j 1ӝL FKҩS QKұQ
QJѭQJ EҳQ Yj WKҧ WҩW Fҧ W ELQK 0ӻ WKu +RD .Ǥ VӁ FKҩS QKұQ ÿӅ QJKӏ
FӫD +j 1ӝL EҩW FKҩS GLӉQ WLӃQ TXkQ Vӵ ÿDQJ [ҧ\ UD WҥL PLӅQ 1DP +j
QӝL [ӱ GөQJ Oi EjL W ELQK 0ӻ UҩW KLӋX QJKLӋP WURQJ O~F WKѭѫQJ QJKӏ
Yj VDX NKL +LӋS ĈӏQK ÿѭӧF Nê ĈӑF $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ

(14) *LDL ÿRҥQ VDX FQJ FӫD 91&+ Yj OLrQ KӋ JLӳD 777 Yj +RD .Ǥ
NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FKӫ ÿӅ FӫD EjL YLӃW 9Ӆ JLDL ÿӑDQ Qj\ ÿӑF /DUU\ %HUPDQ
No Peace, No Honor, Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam. VӅ
QKӳQJ EӭF WKѭ FDP NӃW Yj KӭD KҽQ FӫD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 5LFKDUG 1L[RQ
ÿӑF 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ DQG -HUUROG 6FKHFWHU 7KH 3DODFH )LOH &ӕ
9ҩQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 3K~ ĈӭF WURQJ KӗL Nê 7KH 9LHW 1DP 3HDFH
Negotiations: Saigon’s Side of the Story, kӇ OҥL TXD QKӳQJ OҫQ ÿӕL
WKRҥL YӟL .LVVLQJHU Yj 1L[RQ {QJ WKҩ\ WKҭP TX\ӅQ 0ӻ PXӕQ QKҳQ YӟL
777 Oj +RD .Ǥ VӁ FKҩS WKXұQ EҧQ ÿӅ QJKӏ FӫD +j 1ӝL Yj VӁ SKr FKXҭQ
KLӋS ÿӏQK WUѭӟF QăP 9j +RD .Ǥ VӁ ÿѫQ SKѭѫQJ OjP FKX\ӋQ ÿy
QӃX 91&+ NK{QJ FKӏX KӧS WiF WKHR OӏFK WUuQK GR QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿӏQK &Kӳ
ÿѫQ SKѭѫQJ XQLODWHUDO ÿѭӧF QKҩQ PҥQK Yj OұS OҥL QKLӅX OҫQ

(15) 6DX OҫQ ÿӃQ 6jL *zQ WKiQJ .LVVLQJHU WUӣ OҥL PӝW OҫQ QӳD
YjR QJj\ WKiQJ 6DX OҫQ Qj\ .LVVLQJHU WKӅ NK{QJ WUӣ OҥL Yu
Eӏ ³OұW Wҭ\ ´ 6DX .LVVLQJHU QJѭӡL ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR 1L[RQ Oj 7KLӃX 7ѭӟQJ
$OH[DQGHU +DLJ QăP +DLJ YүQ FzQ PDQJ FҩS EұF WKLӃX WѭӟQJ
1KѭQJ QKѭ Oj PӝW TXkQ QKkQ +DLJ QyL FKX\ӋQ UҩW WKҷQJ WKҳQ ÐQJ
WK{QJ EiR FKR 777 ELӃW {QJ ÿӃQ ÿk\ NK{QJ SKҧL ÿӇ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ
Yu {QJ NK{QJ Fy WKҭP TX\ӅQ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ÐQJ ÿӃQ ÿk\ ÿӇ FKR 777
ELӃW +RD .Ǥ VӁ OjP Ju 1ӃX 91&+ NK{QJ KӧS WiF WKHR ÿӅ QJKӏ WKu OLrQ
hӋ QJRҥL JLDR +RD .Ǥ VӁ JһS NKy NKăQ Yà bӏ WәQ WKѭѫQJ QKѭQJ SKtD

98 LONG ĐIỀN

91&+ VӁ Eӏ Wӱ WKѭѫQJ ;LQ YLӃW WKrP PӝW FK~W YӅ WѭӟQJ +DLJ 1ăP
+DLJ PDQJ FҩS EұF ÿҥL WѭӟQJ Yj Oj 7ѭ /ӋQK 1$72 7UѭӟF QKӳQJ
FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ ӗ ҥW FӫD &6%9 +DLJ YLӃW PӝW Oi WKѭ FKR .LVVLQJHU ÿӅ
QJKӏ SKҧL WUҧ ÿNJD QJD\ OұS WӭF 1JăQ FKұQ &6%9 ³NK{QJ SKҧL ÿӇ
EҧR YӋ 91&+ QKѭQJ ÿӇ EҧR YӋ Vӵ YҽQ WRjQ FKR QKӳQJ KLӋS ѭӟF Pj
+RD .Ǥ ÿm Nê Yj VӁ Nê WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL´ ĈӑF 1JX\ӉQ 3K~ ĈӭF VÿG
WUDQJ 1KӳQJ OҫQ WUDR ÿәL JLӳD 777 Yj +DLJ ÿѭӧF JKL OҥL WURQJ KӗL
Nê FӫD WѭӟQJ +DLJ ,QQHU &LUFOHV +RZ $PHULFD &KDQJHG WKH
World. A Memoirs.

(16) 7UѭӣQJ 6ӣ &,$ 7KRPDV 3ROJDU QyL OrQ Vӵ Y{ Oê YӅ KjQK YL FӫD
+RD .Ǥ tW UD Oj TXD KjQK YL FӫD .LVVLQJHU WURQJ FXӝF WKѭѫQJ QJKӏ
WURQJ NKL +j 1ӝL WK{QJ EiR FKR QKkQ Vӵ ӣ Kҥ WҫQJ Fѫ Vӣ WKҩS QKҩW ELӃW
PӑL FKL WLӃW Yj GLӉQ ELӃQ FӫD FXӝF WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ WKu SKtD +RD .Ǥ FKӍ
Fy PӝW Vӕ WӕL WKLӇX WKҭP TX\ӅQ WӕL FDR PӟL ELӃW ÿѭӧF GLӉQ WLӃQ FӫD FXӝF
WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ĈӑF $KHUQ VÿG WUDQJ /ӡL KӭD FӫD .LVVLQJHU YӅ Vӕ
WLӅQ EӕQ WӍ Pӻ NLP WiL WKLӃW KұX FKLӃQ FKR PLӅQ %ҳF Oj PӝW WURQJ QKLӅX
WKt Gө YӅ Vӵ FKH GҩX FӫD .LVVLQJHU Yj 1L[RQ YӟL 4XӕF +ӝL 0ӻ ² 4XӕF
+ӝL 0ӻ ELӃW ÿѭӧF KӭD KҽQ ÿy TXD PӝW NKiP SKi WuQK Fӡ Yj UҩW WӭF JLұQ
YӟL QKӳQJ KӭD KҽQ NK{QJ Fy WKҭP TX\ӅQ ÿӃQ Wӯ TXӕF KӝL 9Ӆ FKX\ӋQ
Qj\ ÿӑF 5DQGDOO % :RRGV )XOEULJKW $ %LRJUDSK\

(17) Lewis Sorley, Reassessing ARVN (A Lecture Delivered at the
Vietnam Center, Texas Tech University, 17 March 2006), trang 18

(18) 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ Ĉ{Q YLӃW WURQJ 9LӋW 1DP 1KkQ &KӭQJ
O~F 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ WiQK WuQK Yj Wѭ FiFK
FKtQK WUӏ FӫD FiF TXkQ QKkQ WURQJ +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ ĈӝL &iFK 0ҥQJ {QJ
FKӍ YjR 7KLӃX 7ѭӟQJ 7KLӋX Yj QyL ³ÐQJ Qj\ WKu OjP FKiQK WUӏ Yj OmQK
ÿҥR ÿѭӧF ´ ĈӕL YӟL 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ Ĉ{Q {QJ 0LQK SKiQ ³ÐQJ Fy TXi
QKLӅX WuQK FҧP ÿӇ OjP FKtQK WUӏ ´
NӃX ÿӇ ê FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ {QJ 7KLӋX OҫQ OҫQ ³WULӋW WLrX´ FiF siquan
WKkP QLrQ YӅ TXkQ Yө Yj FҩS EұF KѫQ {QJ 7KLӃX 7ѭӟQJ +XǤQK
9ăQ &DR YLӃW WURQJ KӗL Nê 0ӝW .LӃS 1JѭӡL WUDQJ Oj ÿtFK WKkQ
{QJ 7KLӋX FKR {QJ ÿӗQJ Yj ÿӅ QJKӏ {QJ JLҧL QJNJ UӗL +ӝL ĈӗQJ
7ѭӟQJ /mQK VӁ JL~S {QJ ӭQJ Fӱ QJKӏ Vƭ 6DX WѭӟQJ &DR Oj ÿӃQ 7KLӃX
7ѭӟQJ Ĉӛ &DR 7Ut OrQ WѭӟQJ WKiQJ 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ
+ӳX &y OrQ WѭӟQJ FQJ QJj\ YӟL {QJ 7KLӋX Oj QJѭӡL FXӕL FQJ Eӏ OѭX
ÿj\ 7ѭӟQJ &y Oj PӝW WLӇX ÿRjQ WUѭӣQJ {QJ 7KLӋX Oj WUѭӣQJ %DQ NKL
KDL QJѭӡL ÿyQJ FKXQJ ӣ 7LӇX .KX +ѭQJ <rQ

(19) ;HP SKyQJ ҧQK FDP NӃW JLӳD {QJ 7KLӋX Yj FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK
WURQJ +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF 7KHR WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ QJѭӡL VRҥQ WKҧR

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 99

EҧQ FDP NӃW Oj 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ ĈӭF 7KҳQJ

(21) 6DX NKL ÿҳF Fӱ OXұW Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /ӝF ÿѭӧF Eә QKLӋP WKӫ
WѭӟQJ QKѭ FDP NӃW 7X\ QKLrQ NKL EiR FKt ORDQ EiR WәQJ WKӕQJ Yj SKy
WәQJ WKӕQJ VӁ [XҩW KLӋQ FKXQJ WUrQ KӋ WKӕQJ WUX\ӅQ WKDQK ÿӇ ³UD PҳW´
YӟL GkQ FK~QJ PӝW SKө Wi FӫD 777 FKR ELӃW QKѭ Oj PӝW WәQJ WKӕQJ
{QJ 7KLӋX VӁ [XҩW KLӋQ WKHR OӏFK WUuQK {QJ PXӕQ Yj YӟL QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
{QJ PXӕQ 4XD KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿy {QJ 7KLӋX NK{QJ FKӍ NK{Q YһW

(22) ĈҥL WѭӟQJ &UHLJKWRQ $EUDPV WURQJ PӝW EXәL KӑS YӟL FiF
WѭӟQJ OmQK FӫD %ӝ 7ѭ /ӋQK 0$&9 YjR WKiQJ ÿm SKjQ QjQ
YӅ Wѭ FiFK FӫD 777 NKL {QJ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ PӡL WѭӟQJ Ĉӛ &DR 7Ut Yj
+RjQJ ;XkQ /mP YjR 'LQK ĈӝF /ұS GQJ FѫP 7ӯ OLrQ KӋ WKkQ PұW ÿy
T77T7T WUӵFt WLrӃSự UDc OӋQtKi WếK{pQJr EaiR WlLQệ WӭnF Yhj ,KXtҩhQ OôӋQnK WgKҷQbJ FáKoR Kӑt i bônTXDt KứӋ WcKӕQvJà TXkhQu JLDấL Pnj lFKệtQnKh {QJt hÿmẳ YLnӃW WUgRQJc UDh VҳoF OӋhQKọ 7,ѭbӟQỏJ
qua hệ thống quân giai mà chính ông đã viết trong ra sắc lệnh. Tướng

$EUDPV QyL 777 ÿӕL [ӱ QKѭ Yұ\ WKu ³NҽW´ FKR WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ
QKѭ Oj PӝW 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ Yu Fy QKӳQJ TXkQ OӋQK Wӯ WәQJ
WKӕQJ WURQJ NKL WѭӟQJ 9LrQ FKѭD ELӃW Pj FiF WѭӟQJ 7ѭ /ӋQK 9QJ ÿm
ELӃW WUѭӟF UӗL ĈӑF /HZLV 6RUOH\ 7KH $EUDPV 7DSHV WUDQJ
106, 109, 114.

(23) 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WKҩW WKӫ QJj\ WKiQJ 777 Eә QKLӋP WѭӟQJ
7UѭӣQJ WKD\ WѭӟQJ /mP QJj\ WKiQJ 777 YLӃW TXkQ OӋQK EҳW WѭӟQJ
*LDL QJj\ WKiQJ *LӑQJ YăQ WURQJ TXkQ OӋQK FӫD 777 UҩW EҩW F{QJ
Yj WKLrQ Yӏ 4XD KDL TXkQ OӋQK SKyQJ ҧQK Yj FK~QJ WD WKҩ\
777 YүQ FKѭD FKҳF FKҳQ YӟL TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 4XkQ OӋQK FKӍ WKӏ WiL
OұS WUұW Wӵ ӣ 9QJ , ÿӅ WrQ QJѭӡL QKұQ Oj WѭӟQJ /mP QKѭQJ SKtD GѭӟL
WUDQJ VDX FQJ 777 YLӃW WD\ ÿӅ WrQ WѭӟQJ 7UѭӣQJ ĈLӅX Qj\ FKR WKҩ\
QJj\ WKiQJ NKL YLӃW TXkQ OӋQK FKR WѭӟQJ /mP 777 ÿәL ê Yj Eә
QKLӋP WѭӟQJ 7UѭӣQJ 1KѭQJ {QJ NK{QJ PjQJ FKR QJѭӡL WKҧR OҥL TXkQ
OӋQK Pj GQJ OX{Q EҧQ YăQ JӣL FKR WѭӟQJ 7UѭӣQJ 1KѭQJ WҥL VDX
EXӝF WӝL WѭӟQJ *LDL WURQJ NKL FKtQK WѭӟQJ /mP Oj QJѭӡL SKҧL FKӏX WUiFK
QKLӋP 9u VDX KDL WXҫQ VDX NKL FӝQJ VҧQ WҩQ F{QJ YjR 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WѭӟQJ
/mP YүQ NK{QJ QҳP ÿѭӧF WuQK KuQK Yj FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ {QJ
PӟL Wӯ +XӃ WUrQ ÿѭӡQJ UD 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ ÿӇ TXDQ ViW WuQK KuQK 'ӑF ÿѭӡQJ
{QJ FKұQ PӝW Vƭ TXDQ 74/& OҥL Yj \rX FҫX QJѭӡL Vƭ TXDQ Qj\ WѭӡQJ
WUuQK FKR {QJ GLӉQ WLӃQ FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ ÿDQJ [ҧ\ UD KѫQ QJj\ UӗL ĈӑF
0; 1J{ 9ăQ ĈӏQK &KLӃQ 7KҳQJ FӫD /ӳ ĈRjQ 74/& ӣ 4XҧQJ
7Uӏ 7KiQJ WURQJ WX\ӇQ WұS +DL 0ѭѫL 0ӕW 1ăP &KLӃQ 7UұQ
FӫD %LQK &KӫQJ 74/& 9LӋW 1DP 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 1J{ 4XDQJ 7UѭӣQJ
WURQJ 7KH (DVWHU 2IIHQVLYH RI QyL {QJ ELӃW WѭӟQJ *LDL Oj PӝW Vƭ
TXDQ 1Kҧ\ ' JDQ Gҥ Yj Fy NKҧ QăQJ FKӍ KX\ 9j {QJ VҹQ VjQJ QKұQ

100 LONG ĐIỀN

WѭӟQJ *LDL SKөF Yө OҥL YӟL TXkQ ÿRjQ FӫD {QJ Ӣ ÿk\ QJѭӡL YLӃW [LQ
FҧP ѫQ WLӃQ Vƭ 0DUWLQ /RLFDQR ÿm FXQJ FҩS PӝW Vӕ WjL OLӋX ÿӃQ Wӯ %ӝ
7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 91&+ Yj 3Kӫ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ +XҩQ /ӋQK
EҳW JLӳ &KXҭQ 7ѭӟQJ 9NJ 9ăQ *LDL Yj +XҩQ /ӋQK FKR 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ
+RjQJ ;XkQ /mP 1J{ 4XDQJ 7UѭӣQJ WiL OұS WUұW Wӵ ӣ 9QJ , VDX NKL
4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WKҩW WKӫ

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX

TXD FiF WjL OLӋX *LҧL 0ұW FӫD 0ӻ
7әQJ WKӕQJ 7KLӋX ÿm KLӇX U} Yj NK{QJ WLQ WѭӣQJ YjR QJѭӡL 0ӻ

QKѭQJ {QJ NK{QJ Fy FRQ ÿѭӡQJ OӵD FKӑQ QjR NKiF Yu QӅQ NLQK WӃ FӫD
91&+ NK{QJ YNJQJ PҥQK GR FKLӃQ WUDQK WULӅQ PLrQ Wӯ kP PѭX FӫD
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ Nҿ QjR 0ӻ Eӓ WLӅQ UD FKR FXӝF FKLӃQ WKu Kӑ Fy
QKLӅX WKҭP TX\ӅQ Yj iS OӵF FKR FXӝF FKLӃQ WKHR QKұQ ÿӏQK FKLӃQ FXӝF
FӫD Kӑ

&,$ ÿm JjL QKLӅX QJѭӡL YjR GLQK 777 ÿӇ QJKH OpQ ÿLӅX Qҫ\
FKӭQJ PLQK Oj 777 FKӍ SKөF Yө FKR TXӕF JLD 91 {QJ EXӝF OzQJ SKҧL
FKҩS QKұQ 0ӻ QKѭ PӝW ÿӗQJ PLQK EҩW KҧR &,$ FNJQJ ÿm KLӇX ÿLӅX ÿy

7URQJ NKL ÿy QKLӅX WjL OLӋX ErQ FKR WKҩ\ FKtQK SKӫ 91'&&+
%ҳF 9LӋW KRjQ WRjQ SKөF Yө Yj WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL FiF TXDQ WKҫ\ /LrQ ;{
Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ PӝW FiFK WX\ӋW ÿӕL

0ӻ NK{QJ Fy PӝW TX\ӃW WDP QjR ÿӇ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ WUrQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ
91 1JѭӧF OҥL /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ WKu Fy QKLӅX TX\ӃW WkP FKLӃQ
WKҳQJ WҥL 91 5LrQJ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ YӯD Fy TX\ӃW WkP FKLӃQ WKҳQJ YӯD
Fy PѭX ÿӗ [kP OăQJ Fҧ QѭӟF 91 VDX NKL Fҧ KDL PLӅQ ÿӅX VX\ \ӃX VDX
FKLӃQ WUDQK &ѫ FKӃ YұQ KjQK FӫD FKtQK TX\ӅQ 0ӻ W\ WKXӝF YjR 4XӕF
+ӝL Yj GkQ FK~QJ 0ӻ 7URQJ NKL ÿy /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Oj QKӳQJ
WKӃ FKӃ ÿӝF WjL WRjQ GkQ SKҧL QJKH WKHR OӋQK ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QrQ TX\ӃW
WkP GjQK FKLӃQ WKҳQJ WҥL 91 YӳQJ YjQJ KѫQ

%jL KӑF FKR QJѭӡL GkQ 91 Oj QӃX FKҩS QKұQ PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ EmR
YӋ 7ӵ 'R WUѭӟF KLӇP KӑD &647 WKu SKҧL GR TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Yj WKӵF OӵF FӫD
WRjQ GkQ EҵQJ NK{QJ WKu GӵD YjR EҩW Fӭ PӝW WKӃ OӵF QJRҥL ODL QjR FNJQJ
GӉ WKҩW EҥL 'ӵD YjR OӡL FDP NӃW QjR WKu SKҧL Fy +LӋS ѬӟF KҷQ KRL WKu
PӟL NK{QJ Eӏ ÿӗQJ PLQK SKҧQ EӝL 0ӻ NK{QJ WKӇ Eӓ UѫL 1KұW Yj 1DP

+jQ Yu Fy Nê +LӋS ѬӟF VRQJ SKѭѫQJ

1KӳQJ FkX QyL QәL WLӃQJ FXҧ ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX NKL QҳP
JLӱ FKӭF Yө 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 91&+ 29

³ ĈͳQJ QJKH QKͷQJ Ju &͡QJ V̫Q QyL Pj Km\ QKuQ NͿ QKͷQJ Ju

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 101

&͡QJ V̫Q OjP
ĂQ F˯P 4X͙F JLD WKͥ PD &͡QJ V̫Q ±
&{QJ ÿͱF QJjQ ÿͥL FRQ W͙ Ṕ WuQK QJKƭD WUăP QăP Yͫ W͙ FK͛QJ ±
%L͇P FK͑ FKtQK ViFK ÿ̭X W͙ FͯD &͡QJ V̫Q
Ĉ̭W Q˱ͣF FzQ FzQ W̭W F̫ F͡QJ V̫Q WK̷QJ P̭W W̭W F̫
/jP N̓ WK FͯD 0Ϳ WKu G͍ OjP E̩Q YͣL 0Ϳ WKu ṶW NKy
6͙QJ NK{QJ Fy W͹ GR Oj ÿm FK͇W ´

76 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ QyL YӅ FXӕQ 7kP 7ѭ 7әQJ
7KӕQJ 7KLӋX

http://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/Interview-with-Dr-
Nguyen-Tien-Hung-about-the-book-President-Thieu-s-deepest-
thoughts-HGiang-05142010111919.html

102 LONG ĐIỀN