Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

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Vӵ FӫD PuQK YӅ ³&XӝF &KLӃQ ´ QKѭ VDX
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CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 203

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204 LONG ĐIỀN

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CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 205

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VDL OҫP Yj Fѫ KӝL Eӓ Oӥ WURQJ Gƭ YmQJ 3KҧL WUӣ 9ӄ 1*8Ӗ1 WӭF YӅ YӟL
GkQ WӝF [k\ GӵQJ GkQ WKjQK PӝW VӭF PҥQK Y{ ÿӏFK PӝW WKjQK WUu FKH
FKӣ FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF Vӵ SKiW VLQK Wӯ GkQ ÿҩX WUDQK FKR GkQ WӝF 91

206 LONG ĐIỀN

6ӱ JLD +ӭD +RjQK

1Kj YăQ +ӭD +RjQK Yj JLD ÿuQK WҥL 7H[DV

7LӇX Vӱ FXҧ Vӱ JLD +ѭi +RjQK :

ÐQJ VLQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL 9ƭQK /RQJ 7KkQ SKө Oj
{QJ +ӭD 7KҳQJ PӝW GL GkQ 4XҧQJ Ĉ{QJ Yj WKkQ PҭX Oj Ej 1JX\ӉQ
7Kӏ 7KX 7UѭӟF ÿk\ {QJ WӕW QJKLӋS &ӱ QKkQ 6ӱ ĈӏD WҥL ĈҥL KӑF 9ăQ
.KRD 6jL *zQ 1ăP VDX NKL ÿӝQJ YLrQ {QJ +ӭD +RjQK Gҥ\ WҥL
WUѭӡQJ 9} Eӏ 4XӕF *LD Ĉj /ҥW 1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF ELӋW SKiL YӅ 9ƭQK
/RQJ Gҥ\ KӑF WҥL WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF 9ƭQK /RQJ &NJQJ WKHR WiF JLҧ &KtQK
çҥR WKu {QJ +ӭD +RjQK ÿѭӧF FKӍ ÿӏQK YjR ӫ\ EDQ WKjQK OұS WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL
KӑF /RQJ +ӗ QKѭQJ NӃ KRҥFK Qj\ Eӓ Gӣ QӱD FKӯQJ VDX QăP

6ӣ WUѭӡQJ FӫD +ӭD +RjQK Oj QKӳQJ ELrQ NKҧR YӅ PLӅQ 1DP 7iF
SKҭP ÿҫX WD\ FӫD {QJ Oj 1DP .Ǥ /ͭF 7͑QK JӗP WұS GR QKj 9ăQ +yD
ҩQ KjQK QyL YӅ KuQK ҧQK ViX WӍQK PLӅQ 1DP WKHR OӡL WUX\ӅQ WөQJ WURQJ
GkQ JLDQ 7iF SKҭP Qj\ ÿѭӧF Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ QӗQJ QKLӋW FӫD ÿӝF JLҧ ÿѭD
+ӭD +RjQK OrQ KjQJ QJNJ FӫD QKӳQJ FKX\rQ YLrQ YӅ PLӅQ 1DP QKѭ
%uQK 1JX\rQ /ӝF 6ѫQ 1DP Y Y 7LӃS ÿy Oj FiF Eӝ 6DX EͱF F̭P
WKjQK QKj 1JX\͍Q ĈҥL 1DP %̫\ 9L͍Q 9ăQ +yD Du
O͓FK 7UXQJ +RD 9ăQ +yD 1KͷQJ SK~ K͡ OͳQJ GDQK 9ăQ +yD
1999)...”.ÐQJ ÿm TXD ÿӡL WҥL 6DQ $QWRQLR WLӇX EDQJ 7H[DV +RD .Ǥ QJj\
WKiQJ QăP KѭӣQJ WKӑ WXәL

6DX ÿk\ Oj SKҫQ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD Vӱ JLD +ѭi +RjQK YӅ FXӝF
FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP
http://www.thienlybuutoa.org/Misc/HCMGayNoiChien.htm +ӭD
Hoành : Hӗ &Kt 0LQK Jk\ QӝL FKLӃQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 207

³ÐQJ +͛ Fͱ ÿ͝ Y̩ FKR QJ˱ͥL NKiF 3KiS WURQJ NKL FKtQK {QJ FKͯ
WU˱˯QJ Jk\ Q͡L FKL͇Q Yj WU˱ͥQJ NǤ NKiQJ FKL͇Q ÿ͋ Q̷P TX\͉Q KjQK Yj
OjP FiFK P̩QJ Y{ V̫Q´

³Ĉ͋ WK̭\ QKͷQJ YL͏F OjP FͯD {QJ +͛ FKtQK Oj FiL E̫Q VDR FͯD
Lênin trRQJ WKͥL JLDQ PͣL FKL͇P ÿ˱ͫF FKtQK TX\͉Q ͧ 1JD [LQ QK̷F
WKrP ³1KL͉X JḼ\ Wͥ FK͑ WK͓ PDQJ E~W WtFK FͯD /rQLQ ÿ͉X [iF QK̵Q
FKtQK /rQLQ FKͯ WU˱˯QJ ³WL͇Q KjQK Q͡L FKL͇Q´ ÿ͋ ³WLrX GL͏W N̓ WK JLDL
F̭S´ ĈL͉X Qj\ FNJQJ ÿ~QJ YͣL Oê WKX\͇W FͯD 0iF $QJKHQ QK˱ ÿm G̳Q
ͧ WUrQ ´

&K~QJ W{L [LQ GүQ FKӭQJ WKrP WUrQ EiR &ӡ *LҧL 3KyQJ Fѫ TXDQ
WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ Fә ÿӝQJ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &6 Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ [XҩW EҧQ WҥL
+j 1ӝL QJj\ Fy ÿăQJ EjL ³.ӹ 1LӋP /ҫQ 7Kӭ &iFK PҥQJ
WKiQJ ´ ÿm F͝ Y} Q͡L FKL͇Q QK˱ VDX ³*LͷD F˯Q EmR O͵D J̯P WKpW
NK̷S QăP FKkX /rQLQ OrQ WL͇QJ 1KͷQJ OmQK Wͭ Y{ V̫Q Qj\ ÿm NrX
g͕L TX̯Q FK~QJ QKkQ GkQ FiF Q˱ͣF TXD\ V~QJ O̩L E̷Q YjR ÿ̯X E͕Q
W˱ E̫Q WURQJ Q˱ͣF ÿ͝L ³FKL͇Q WUDQK FK͙QJ ÿ͇ TX͙F UD Q͡L FKL͇Q´
1K˱ Y̵\ WKkP ê FͯD {QJ +͛ WKD\ Yu FKX̱Q E͓ NKiQJ FKL͇Q FK͙QJ [kP
OăQJ FK͙QJ ÿ͇ TX͙F 3KiS WKu {QJ TXD\ UD Jk\ Q͡L FKL͇Q WU˱ͣF ÿ~QJ
ViFK O˱ͫF /rQLQ

5̵S NKX{Q WKHR ViFK O˱ͫF FͯD 0DR {QJ +͛ G͹QJ Fͥ FK͙QJ 3KiS
EX͝L ÿ̯X NK{QJ SK̫L WK͹F V͹ FK͙QJ 3KiS Pj Et P̵W KͫS WiF YͣL 3KiS
ÿ͋ WLrX GL͏W QKͷQJ ÿ̫QJ SKiL \rX Q˱ͣF NKiF 9L͏W 0LQK &y WK͋ QyL {QJ
H͛ FiP ˯Q 3KiS Yu QKͥ Fy FX͡F [kP OăQJ ̭\ QrQ 9L͏W 0LQK PͣL Fy F˯
K͡L NKiQJ FKL͇Q PͣL Fy FKtQK QJKƭD ÿ͋ Q̷P TX\͉Q PͣL WKL KjQK FKtQK
ViFK ³ÿ̭X WUDQK JLDL F̭S´ PͣL WL͇Q KjQK ³Q͡L FKL͇Q´ ÿ͋ WLrX GL͏W ³N̓
WK JLDL F̭S´ ÿ~QJ QK˱ FK͑ WK͓ FͯD K͕F WKX\͇W FiFK P̩QJ Y{ V̫Q´
Ĉ˱˯QJ QKLrQ Yj WU˱ͣF K͇W JLDL F̭S Y{ V̫Q SK̫L WKDQK WRiQ JLDL F̭S W˱
V̫Q Q˱ͣF PuQK WU˱ͣF ÿm´ 6iFK ÿm G̳Q ͧ WUrQ

ĈL͉X Qj\ FNJQJ ÿ˱ͫF {QJ +͛ iS GͭQJ W̩L 91 7Kͱ QKͱW {QJ F͙
WUiQK JLDR FKL͇Q YͣL 3KiS U͛L FzQ Nê KL͏S ˱ͣF ³WKkQ WKL͏Q U˱ͣF TXkQ
ÿ͡L 3KiS YjR 91 ´ Oj P͡W V͹ ÿ̯X KjQJ QKͭF QKm E͓ GkQ FK~QJ +j
N͡L EL͋X WuQK OrQ iQ J͕L +͛ Oj ³9L͏W JLDQ EiQ Q˱ͣF´ +͛ FKR OtQK
ÿjQ iS SK̫Q EL͋X WuQK YjR O~F JLͥ FKL͉X WU˱ͣF 1Kj KiW OͣQ WX\rQ
E͙ ³7{L WKj FK͇W FKͱ NK{QJ EDR JLͥ EiQ Q˱ͣF´ &KtQK Ĉ̩R 91 1LrQ
Bi͋X W̵S $ WUDQJ Ĉy Oj P͡W WKͯ ÿR̩Q Jk\ ÿDX NK͝ WDQJ WyF FKR
ÿ͛QJ EjR QK˱QJ {QJ Y̳Q FDP WkP FK̭S QK̵Q PL͍Q Fy OͫL FKR ÿ̫QJ

7yP O̩L QKͷQJ ÿL͉X 9& QJͭ\ EL͏Q FK͙L W͡L ÿ͉X KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ
Fy F˯ Vͧ /ê GR FKtQK FͯD YL͏F WK˱˯QJ WKX\͇W YͣL N̓ WK WK{QJ ÿ͛QJ
YͣL JL̿F 3KiS SK̫Q E͡L W͝ TX͙F FͯD {QJ +͛ Oj ÿ͋ WL͇Q KjQK FX͡F Q͡L

208 LONG ĐIỀN

FKL͇Q WLrX GL͏W FiF ÿ̫QJ ÿ͙L O̵S WLrX GL͏W N̓ WK JLDL F̭S ´

4XD ÿy FK~QJ WD WK̭\ U̹QJ WKD\ Yu \rX Q˱ͣF W̵Q GͭQJ P͕L NK̫
QăQJ FKX̱Q E͓ W͝ FKͱF NKiQJ FKL͇Q FK͙QJ [kP OăQJ WKu {QJ +͛ QKͱW
ÿ͓QK Jk\ Q͡L FKL͇Q 7ͳ ÿy {QJ WKj FK͓X ³J̩W E͗ OzQJ \rX Q˱ͣF FKkQ
FKtQK GDQK G͹ TX͙F JLD Yj NKiL QL͏P Y͉ QKkQ ÿ̩R´ ÿ͋ ODR YjR W͡L iF
NKͯQJ NKL͇S ÿ͙L YͣL GkQ W͡F Ĉ͙L YͣL {QJ OzQJ \rX Q˱ͣF Q͇X Fy SK̫L
ÿ̿W G˱ͣL PͭF WLrX FiFK P̩QJ Y{ V̫Q 6R ViQK KDL FX͡F ÿͥL FͯD KDL O̩QK
Wͭ /rQLQ Yj +&0 FNJQJ Fy ÿL͋P JL͙QJ QKDX VDX QăP E{Q ED OjP WD\
VDL FKR N̓ WK FKR F͡QJ V̫Q TX͙F W͇ WKu ÿ͇Q QăP {QJ +͛ WUͧ O̩L
Hà N͡L YͣL F˱˯QJ Y͓ FKͯ W͓FK Q˱ͣF ÿ͋ QKuQ WK̭\ W̵Q P̷W ÿ͛QJ EjR FͯD
{QJ E͓ [L͉QJ [tFK WUyL FK̿W E͓ NKͯQJ E͙ Gm PDQ EͧL FKtQK ÿ͛ ÿ͏ FͯD {QJ
Yj FKtQK P͏QK O͏QK FͯD {QJ

7ͳ ÿy QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL OjP FiFK P̩QJ Y{ V̫Q FKX\rQ QJKL͏S FK̻QJ
FzQ QJKƭ Ju ÿ͇Q TX\͉Q OͫL QKkQ GkQ Yj ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF Ĉ͙L YͣL K͕ FK͑ Fy
TX\͉Q OͫL FͯD TX͙F W͇ F͡QJ V̫Q &6 ÿm Q̷P W̭W F̫ TX\͉Q O͹F ÿ͋ ÿq ÉS
W̭W F̫ P͕L ÿ͙L WKͯ ´

ÐQJ 7ѭӣQJ 9ƭQK .tQK YLӃW WURQJ ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK WҥL 7UXQJ 4XӕF´
GR 7KѭӧQJ +X\ӅQ GӏFK WUDQJ

³6DX NKL WKjQK O̵S FKtQK TX\͉Q ÿ͓D SK˱˯QJ 8%1' 9L͏W 0LQK
GQJ FKtQK ViFK NKͯQJ E͙ ÿ͋ WK͙QJ WU͓ &iF SK̯Q W͵ FͯD FiF ÿ̫QJ
NKiF KR̿F NK{QJ WKX͡F ÿ͛QJ ÿ̫QJ KR̩W ÿ͡QJ WURQJ SK̩P YL WK͇ O͹F
FͯD PuQK ÿ͉X E͓ 9L͏W 0LQK JL͇W K̩L WKr WK̫P 1KͷQJ QJ˱ͥL E͓ WK̫P ViW
ÿ͉X E͓ 9L͏W 0LQK JiQ W͡L ³9L͏W JLDQ´ ³OjP JLiQ ÿL͏S FKR ÿ͓FK´ KR̿F
³WKkQ 1K͹W´

&zQ QyL YӅ YҩQ ÿӅ ÿӝF OұS FKR 91 [LQ QKҳF OҥL QKӳQJ Vӵ NLӋQ
chính:

1Jj\ WәQJ WKӕQJ 3KiS 9LQFHQW $XULRO Nê KLӋS ÿӏQK (O\VpH
YӟL TXӕF WUѭӣQJ %ҧR ĈҥL WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR 91 Wӯ 1DP 4XDQ WӟL &j 0Dө

1Jj\ 3KiS Nê KLӋS ÿӏQK WUDR WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR YѭѫQJ TXӕF

/jӑ
1Jj\ 3KiS Nê KLӋS ÿӏQK WUDR WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR YѭѫQJ TXӕF

&DR 0LrQ 1Kѭ Yұ\ Fҧ QѭӟF Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ ÿӅX ÿӝF OұS WURQJ QăP
7X\ QKLrQ {QJ +ӗ NK{QJ QKұQ Yu QӃX QKuQ QKұQ QѭӟF 91 ÿӝF OұS
Wӯ &6 NK{QJ FzQ Oê GR Ju ÿӇ NKiQJ FKLӃQ QӳD 0j NK{QJ NKiQJ
FKLӃQ WKu OjP VDR QҳP JLӳ FKtQK TX\ӅQ Yj OjP FiFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ" 0ӡL
ÿӝF JLҧ QJKH QJX\rQ YăQ KDL FkX WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD {QJ +ӗ Yj 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK
YӅ FiL JӑL Oj ³NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ QKѭ VDX ³.KiQJ FKLӃQ Oj PӝW Eӝ SKұQ FӫD

PһW WUұQ GkQ FKӫ QKkQ GkQ WӭF &6 WKӃ JLӟL GR /LrQ ;{ OmQK ÿҥR´

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 209

ttp://vantuyen.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=7024 Trong

EjL ³$L JLӃW ÿӭF WKҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә ³Vӱ JLD +ӭD +RjQK ÿm JKL QKѭ VDX
³7URQJ O͓FK V͵ FK͙QJ QJR̩L [kP FK˱D Fy FX͡F FKL͇Q WUDQK Y͏ TX͙F

QjR NǤ FͭF QK˱ FX͡F NKiQJ FKL͇Q FK͙QJ 3KiS YjR QăP Pj &6 J͕L
Oj ³&iFK P̩QJ WKiQJ ´ 'QJ WKͯ ÿR̩Q PXD FKX͡F Gͭ G͟ OͳD E͓S
Jk\ FKLD Uͅ NKͯQJ E͙ WjQ ViW ÿ͋ FKL͇P FKR ÿ˱ͫF FKtQK TX\͉Q WURQJ
WD\ QJ˱ͥL TX͙F JLD 9L͏W 0LQK OmQK ÿ̩R FX͡F NKiQJ FKL͇Q ÿL OzQJ YzQJ
SKt EL͇W EDR QKLrX QKkQ O͹F Y̵W O͹F WjL O͹F ÿ͇Q NKL FKL͇Q WK̷QJ WKu ÿ̭W
Q˱ͣF ÿm NKiQK W̵Q .pR GjL FX͡F NKiQJ FKL͇Q ÿ͋ K͕ Fy ÿͯ WKͥL JLͥ ³K\
VLQK QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL DQK HP´ QJRjL ÿ̫QJ 1Kͥ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL Qj\ ÿ̫QJ &6
PͣL K˱ͧQJ ÿ˱ͫF YLQK TXDQJ ´

-4XD ÿy FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ {QJ +ѭi +RjQK ÿm QKұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ
Oj FXӝF ³1ӝL &KLӃQ´ GR &691 GӵQJ OrQ YӟL ê ÿӗ WLrX GLӋW
FiF JLDL FҩS WLrX GLӋW FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL NKiF YӟL ÿҧQJ &691 ÿӇ FK~QJ WKӫ
OӧL Pj WK{L

³/kP ͮ\ +jQK &KiQK FͯD 7U̯Q 9ăQ *LjX ÿ˱ͫF WKjQK O̵S YjR
QJj\ WKu K{P VDX ³4X͙F *LD 7˱ 9͏ &X͡F´ UD ÿͥL 7UiL QJ˱ͫF
YͣL WrQ J͕L 4X͙F *LD 7˱ 9͏ &X͡F NK{QJ SK̫L Oj O͹F O˱ͫQJ NKiQJ FKL͇Q
FK͙QJ TXkQ WK Pj O̩L Fy QKL͏P Yͭ OQJ VͭF E̷W Eͣ WKͯ WLrX ÿ͛QJ EjR
E̹QJ KuQK WKͱF FK̿W ÿ̯X P͝ EͭQJ FKR ³Pz W{P´ PyF P̷W F̷W O˱ͩL
Yj QKL͏P Yͭ NKiF Oj E̫R Y͏ VLQK P̩QJ FͯD QKͷQJ N̓ ÿm UD O͓QK WjQ
ViW ÿ͛QJ EjR WͱF Oj OmQK ÿ̩R 9L͏W 0LQK ͧ 1DP %͡ 4X͙F *LD 7˱ 9͏
&X͡F YjR EX͝L ÿ̯X WKkX GͭQJ QKͷQJ WKjQK SK̯Q V͙QJ QJRjL YzQJ SKiS
OX̵W QKͷQJ WrQ GDR E~D QKͷQJ WrQ WU{L V{QJ O̩F FKͫ ÿ̯X WU͡P ÿX{L
F˱ͣS QK˱ 7{ .ê %D 1K͗ ĈjR &{QJ 7kP .L͉X Ĉ̷F 7K̷QJ %͵X 9LQK
+RjQJ 7K͕ 6̽Q K̵Q WK FK̭W FKͱD QD\ Fy TX\͉Q VLQK ViW O̩L TXHQ
QJK͉ FKpP JL͇W QKyP 4X͙F *LD 7˱ 9͏ &X͡F JL͇W QJ˱ͥL WjQ E̩R FzQ
K˯Q ÿ͙L YͣL WK͹F GkQ 3KiS /~F ÿy /kP ͮ\ +jQK &KiQK ÿyQJ YDL WUz
QK˱ FKtQK SKͯ FͯD PL͉Q 1DP FKtQK SKͯ JLjQK JL͹W FͯD QJ˱ͥL NKiF
QK˱QJ NK{QJ Fy TXkQ ÿ͡L WKu OjP VDR NKiQJ FKL͇Q " V˱ ÿRjQ GkQ TXkQ
ÿ˱ͫF 0̿W 7U̵Q 4X͙F *LD 7K͙QJ 1K̭W FiF K͡L ÿRjQ FKtQK WU͓ Yj W{Q
JLiR FͯD 1DP %͡ WKjQK O̵S K{P WURQJ NKL ÿy WKu 9L͏W 0LQK
NK{QJ Fy V˱ ÿRjQ QjR 9u WK͇ &6 SK̫L WuP FiFK JL̫L WiQ WuP FiFK SKi
QiW /͹D WURQJ ³ÿiP P̿W U̹QJ´ /kP ͮ\ +jQK &KiQK SKRQJ FKͱF

.L͉X Ĉ̷F 7K̷QJ Q̷P WRjQ TX\͉Q VLQK ViW YͣL FKͱF ³*LiP ÿ͙F
&{QJ DQ PL͉Q Ĉ{QJ´

'˱˯QJ %̩FK 0DL ÿm WͳQJ TXD /LrQ [{ K͕F WU˱ͥQJ 6WDOLQ
FQJ O˱ͫW YͣL 7U̯Q 9ăQ *LjX Fy Et GDQK Oj %RXURY 7KDQK WUD FKtQK
WU͓ PL͉Q Ĉ{QJ FNJQJ Oj KXQJ WK̯Q QK˱QJ NK{QJ Fy TXkQ KjQK ÿ͡QJ

210 LONG ĐIỀN

tr͹c ti͇p.

- Ba Nh͗, Tr˱ͧng ban ám sát, b̷t cóc, thͯ tiêu theo m̵t linh. Ph̩m
vi cͯa Ba Nh͗ là Saigon, Chͫ Lͣn.

- Lý Huê Vinh, công an, cánh tay ÿ̷c l͹c cͯa Tr̯n Văn Giàu, chuyên
h̩ sát các lãnh tͭ qu͙c gia.

- Ĉào Công Tâm, tr˱ͣc là lính trong toán cͯa Ba Nh͗. Th̭y Tâm
gi͇t ng˱ͥi không gͣm tay, Vi͏t Minh nâng ÿͩ, cho làm Chính tr͓ viên
Ti͋u ÿoàn 66 cͯa Long Xuyên...

Vͣi nhͷng tay gi͇t ng˱ͥi chuyên nghi͏p, say máu, m͏nh danh là
“Qu͙c Gia T˱ V͏ Cu͡c” do Nguy͍n Văn Tr̭n (tác gi̫ “Vi͇t cho ḿ
và qu͙c h͡i”), trong nhͷng năm kháng chi͇n, Vi͏t Minh ÿã gieo kinh
hoàng cho ṱt c̫ m͕i ng˱ͥi ͧ Nam B͡.

-Long ĈiӅn tóm lѭӧc các nhұn ÿӏnh cӫa sӱ gia Hӭa Hoành vӅ
Cuӝc ChiӃn VN 1945-1975 nhѭ sau:

a- Cu͡c chi͇n VN 1945-1975 là cu͡c N͡i Chi͇n do H͛ Chí Minh
gây ra.

b-Cu͡c chi͇n VN1945-1975 bên ngoài thì HCM và ÿ̫ng CSVN
tuyên truy͉n là ÿ͋ ÿánh ÿu͝i th͹c dân Pháp dành Ĉ͡c L̵p T͹ Do
nh˱ng th͹c t͇ là cu͡c chi͇n tranh bành tr˱ͣng chͯ nghƭa CS, phͭc vͭ
cho quyӅn lӧi cӫa CSQT, ÿӗng thӡi tҥo ra ÿҩu tranh giai cҩp cNJng
chӍ ÿӇ phөc vө cho ý ÿӗ cѭӟp chính quyӅn cӫa CSVN mà thôi.

c-H͛ Chí Minh và bè ÿ̫ng CSVN ÿã ÿ̩t chi͇n th̷ng cho CS Qu͙c
T͇ nh˱ng ÿã làm thi͏t h̩i n̿ng n͉ cho ÿ̭t n˱ͣc VN.

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 211

9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX

TiӇX Vӱ :
&KtQK ĈҥR Oj PӝW WURQJ KDL E~W GDQK FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLêu. Bút

GDQK NLD Oj 1JX\rQ 9NJ UҩW QәL WLӃQJ ӣ 0LӅQ 1DP WUѭӟF QăP
7URQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX SKөF Yө WURQJ ELQK FKӫQJ 3KiR
%LQK ' 4/91&+ Yj ÿm Fy KѫQ WiF SKҭP [XҩW EҧQYjR WKӡL ÿy
6DX NKL UD KҧL QJRҥL {QJ YӯD WLӃS WөF FҫP E~W YӯD ÿHR ÿXәL YLӋF KӑF

7ӕW QJKLӋS 7LӃQ 6ƭ 6ӱ WҥL ĈҥL +ӑF :LVFRQVLQ 0DGLVRQ QăP
VDX NKL FQJ JLD ÿuQK GL FKX\ӇQ YӅ +RXVWRQ {QJ Oj *LiP ĈӕF QKj [XҩW
EҧQ 9ăQ +yD Yj WӕW QJKLӋS 7LӃQ 6ƭ /XұW WҥL ĈҥL +ӑF +RXVWRQ QăP

1KӳQJ WiF SKҭP FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX [XҩW KLӋQ WUѭӟF QăP GѭӟL
bút danh Nguyên VNJ JӗP Fy ĈӡL 3KiR 7Kӫ E~W Nê 1KӳQJ &iL &KӃW
9{ 'DQK WұS WUX\ӋQ 7Uӣ 9Ӆ 7ӯ &}L &KӃW WUX\ӋQ 9zQJ 7D\ /ӱD
WUѭӡQJ WKLrQ 7KӅP ĈӏD 1JөF WUX\ӋQ ĈrP +ѭX &KLӃQ WUX\ӋQ 6DX
%ҧ\ 1ăP Ӣ /tQK E~W Nê ĈrP 'D 9jQJ WUѭӡQJ WKLrQ Y Y 7ҥL KҧL
QJRҥL 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX ÿm LQ WKrP FiF WұS ³;XkQ EXӗQ WKҧP´ &XӝF
6өS Ĉә FӫD 1DP 9LӋW 1DP E~W Nê ³7UұQ &KLӃQ &KѭD 7jQ´ WUX\ӋQ
³*LһF &ӡ Ĉӓ´ WUѭӡQJ WKLên), cùng hai tâm bút Paris:” Xuân 1996”, và
³1JjQ 1ăP 6RL 0һW´

9Ӆ QJKLrQ FӭX Vӱ KӑF {QJ ÿm LQ ED WiF SKҭP EҵQJ WLӃQJ $QK GѭӟL
WrQ WKӵF Yj ELrQ NKҧR EҵQJ 9LӋW QJӳ YӟL E~W GDQK &KtQK ĈҥR %Lên
NKҧR GX\ QKҩW EҵQJ 9LӋW QJӳ Nê WrQ WKӵF FӫD {QJ Oj Eӝ &iF 9XD &XӕL
Nhà NguyӉQ JӗP ED WұS
NhӳQJ WiF SKҭP Nê WrQ &KtQK ĈҥR WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF YLӃW FKR ÿӝF JLҧ
NK{QJ FKX\rQ P{Q GӉ ÿӑF KѫQ NK{QJ TXi NK{ NKDQ QKѭ FiF ELrQ
212 LONG ĐIỀN

NKҧR ÿ~QJ \rX ViFK EiF KӑF
ÐQJ YӯD [XҩW EҧQ WiF SKҭP PӟL QKҩW YӟL WӵD ÿӅ &XӝF 7KiQK &KLӃQ

&KӕQJ &ӝQJ WұS , JӗP SKҫQ 6ѫ OѭӧF WLӇX Vӱ 7әQJ
WKӕQJ -HDQ %DSWLVWH 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP 7ӯ ĈLӋQ %LrQ
3Kӫ WӟL *HQHYD &XӝF WUXҩW SKӃ %ҧR ĈҥL 0D 3KұW ĈҧQ ÿүP PiX
Yj ³3KLӃQ &ӝQJ´ WURQJ 'LQK *LD /RQJ´

7LӃQ Vƭ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX YӟL PөF ÿtFK YLӃW Vӱ FKR Fҧ KDL SKLi 4XӕF
*LD Yj &ӝQJ 6ҧQ FQJ [HP {QJ ÿѭӧF Vӵ ÿyQ QKұQ FӫD SKtD &6 PӝW
FiFK JLiQ WLӃS TXD QKӳQJ OҫQ FKR SKpS YjR 91 WKDP NKҧR WjL OLӋX WKӵF
KLӋQ F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ FӭX OӏFK Vӱ FNJQJ QKѭ FKR ÿăQJ EjL WUrQ WҥS FKt
*LDR ĈLӇP WҥS FKt WKkQ FӝQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL {QJ FNJQJ QKұQ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX
SKҧQ ӭQJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL Wӯ QJXӡL 9LӋW +ҧL 1JRҥL WҥL +RD .Ǥ Yj QKLӅX QѫL
NKiF FKR UҵQJ {QJ ÿm SKҧQ EӝL FKtQK QJKƭD 4XӕF *LD Pj ÿm PӝW WKӡL
{QJ Oj Vƭ TXDQ WURQJ 4/91&+

/ҫQ OѭӧW FK~QJ WD [pW TXD FiF WiF SKҭP FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX ÿӇ JKL
QKұQ QKӳQJ ÿLӇP ÿ~QJ VDL Yj W\ WKHR WKӡL JLDQ NK{QJ JLDQ EjL YLӃW
ÿӇ Fy QKӳQJ ÿiQK JLi FKtQK [iF KѫQ %ӣL Yu G VDR {QJ FNJQJ Oj PӝW
WURQJ Vӱ JLD OӟQ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW +ҧL 1JRҥL 7UҫQ *LD
3KөQJ &DQDGD +RjQJ &ѫ 7Kө\ 3KiS Yj 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX +RD .Ǥ
ĈӗQJ WKӡL JKL QKұQ QKӳQJ ÿyQJ JyS KӳX tFK KD\ WiF KҥL FӫD WiF JLҧ YӟL
F{QJ FXӝF JLҧL WKӇ FKӃ ÿӝ ĈӝF 7jL WKӕL QiW WҥL 9LӋW 1DP KLӋQ QD\

D *LDL ÿRҥQ 7URQJ EjL YLӃW ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK 1Kj 1JRҥL
Giao, 1945-1946”

9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ +ӗ Yj FX{F FKLӃQ 91 WKӡL ÿLӇP
QKѭ VDX

http://vantuyen.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=17971

³6͹ YL͏F +͛ &Kt 0LQK WX\rQ E͙ ÿ͡F O̵S Yj WKjQK O̵S FK͇ ÿ͡ 9L͏W
1DP 'kQ &Kͯ &͡QJ +zD >91'&&+@ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP NK{QJ
E̫R ÿ̫P U̹QJ Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S FͯD 9L͏W 1DP Yj FK͇ ÿ͡ Qj\ ÿ˱ͫF TX͙F W͇
F{QJ QK̵Q 1J˱ͥL 3KiS G WL͇Q E͡ KD\ E̫R WKͯ ÿ͉X QK̭Q P̩QK SK̫L
ÿ˱D µFRQ WKX\͉Q O̩F E͇Q¶ç{QJ '˱˯QJ WUͧ O̩L YͣL ÿ͇ TX͙F 3KiS E̹QJ
YNJ O͹F Q͇X F̯Q 1KͷQJ F˱ͥQJ TX͙F NKiF Yu QKͷQJ Oê GR NKiF QKDX ÿ͉X
\͋P WUͫ V͹ WiL [kP OăQJ ç{QJ '˱˯QJ FͯD 3KiS

Chính sách ngo̩L JLDR FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ JLDL ÿR̩Q Wͳ WKiQJ
WͣL WKiQJ EͧL WK͇ W̵S WUXQJ YjR FKtQK V͹ VLQK W͛Q FͯD
FK͇ ÿ͡ ç͋ ÿ̩W PͭF ÿtFK Qj\ +͛ WuP FiFK TX͙F W͇ KyD FKtQK QJKƭD TX͙F
JLD FͯD 9L͏W 1DP NrX J͕L TX͙F W͇ \͋P WUͫ Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S FͯD 9L͏W 1DP Yà
FK͙QJ O̩L FX͡F WiL [kP OăQJ FͯD 3KiS

+͛ PXD FKX͡F ÿ~W OyW FiF TXDQ W˱ͣQJ ÿ͋ K͕ FKR +͛ ÿ˱ͫF W͹ WU͓

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 213

9ͣL QJ˱ͥL 3KiS Y̭Q ÿ͉ SKͱF W̩S K˯Q 1JD\ VDX FX͡F FiFK P̩QJ WKiQJ
+͛ F˱˯QJ TX\͇W FK͙QJ YL͏F 3KiS WUͧ O̩L Yj QK̭Q P̩QK WUrQ
Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S WRjQ ÝQ FͯD 9L͏W 1DP 6DX ÿy +͛ SK̫L JL̫P G̯Q ÿzL K͗L
FK̭S QK̵Q WK͹F W͇ ÿ͛QJ ê ÿ˱ͫF K˱ͧQJ WuQK WU̩QJ P͡W Q˱ͣF 9L͏W 1DP
µW͹ GR¶WURQJ /LrQ %DQJ ç{QJ '˱˯QJ Yj /LrQ +L͏S 3KiS 0̿F G 3KiS
FK͑ WK˱˯QJ WKX\͇W YͣL +͛ ÿ͋ NpR GjL WKͥL JLDQ K̯X Fy WK͋ WăQJ JLD O͹F
O˱ͫQJ Yj WKL͇W O̵S V͹ WK͙QJ WU͓ TXkQ V͹ WUrQ WRjQ F}L ç{QJ '˱˯QJ +͛
ÿ˱ͫF J̯Q P͡W QăP ÿ͋ WKͯ GL͍Q YDL WUz QKj QJR̩L JLDR QJD\ W̩L 9L͏W 1DP
FNJQJ QK˱ W̩L 3KiS +͛ NK{QJ ÿ̩W ÿ˱ͫF QKͷQJ Ju PuQK PRQJ PX͙Q
QK˱QJ TXD WL͇Q WUuQK WK˱˯QJ WKX\͇W ÿm SK̯Q QjR ÿ̩W ÿ˱ͫF PͭF WLrX
TX͙F W͇ KyD FKtQK QJKƭD FͯD QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W Yj ÿ͛QJ KyD PͭF WLrX FͯD SKH
ÿ̫QJ +͛ YͣL WLQK WK̯Q TX͙F JLD FͯD QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W ´

³ 6DX QJj\ 3KiS WK̭W WU̵Q ͧ ÆX &KkX +͛ TX\͇W ÿ͓QK
WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ Y͉ Q˱ͣF ç͋ FKH P̷W FKtQK SKͯ 7˱ͧQJ *LͣL 7K̩FK +͛ TX\͇W
ÿ͓QK [kP QK̵S Yj NKX\QK ÿ̫R W͝ FKͱF 9L͏W 0LQK FͯD +͛ +͕F /mP
EL͇Q W͝ FKͱF NK{QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q Qj\ WKjQK FiQK WD\ QJR̩L YL FͯD ç̫QJ
&6ç' 5͛L WKiQJ +͛ WUL͏X W̵S +͡L QJK͓ WKͱ NKyD , FͯD
Ð̫QJ &6ç' W̩L 3iF %y WiL O̵S %DQ FK̭S ͯ\ WUXQJ ˱˯QJ YͣL ç̿QJ
Xuân Khu (sau này trͧ WKjQK 7U˱ͥQJ &KLQK OjP 7͝QJ %t WK˱ ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK
3KҫQ Qҫ\ WiF JLҧ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX QKұQ ÿӏQK NKi FKtQK [iF ³không
E̫R ÿ̫P U̹QJ Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S FͯD 9L͏W 1DP Yj FK͇ ÿ͡ Qj\ ÿ˱ͫF TX͙F W͇
F{QJ QK̵Q ´U} UjQJ SKH ĈӗQJ 0LQK FKѭD KLӇX Uӓ FRQ QJѭӡL +&0 PһF
G WURQJ FKtQK SKӫ /LrQ +LӋS Fy QKLӅX ÿҧQJ SKiL QKѭQJ Kӑ ÿm ³ÿiQK
KѫL´ ÿѭӧF EҧQ FKҩW WD\ VDL FӫD &647 FӫD +ӗ UӗL
0ӝW YjL KjQK ÿӝQJ PXD FKXӝF ĈӗQJ 0LQK QKѭ WuP Yj WUDR WUҧ YjL
SKL F{QJ 0ӻ FKѭD ÿӫ ÿӇ FKӭQJ Wӓ +ӗ Oj FRQ QJѭӡL Yu 4XӕF *LD 91
7KӵF WӃ FKR WKҩ\ 0ӻ ÿm ÿiQK JLi ÿ~QJ Yj FKѭD KӅ OҫP OҭQ WURQJ YLӋF
F{QJ QKұQ FKtQK SKӫ FӫD +&0 FzQ QKӳQJ Yө FXQJ FҩS Vӕ Yӓ NKt QKӓ
FKӍ Oj ÿӇ ÿiS OӉ QJRҥL JLDR WK{L 1KӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿX JLk\ FӫD +ӗ G
WLQK YL ÿӃQ ÿkX WuQK EiR FӫD ĈӗQJ 0LQK FNJQJ ÿӅX QҳP EҳW ÿѭӧF 3KiS
O~F ÿy FKѭD Fy ê ÿӏQK WUDR WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR FiF TXӕF JLD WKXӝF ÿӏD QrQ
[HP WKѭӡQJ +ӗ Yj FiF FXӝF WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ O~F ÿy FKӍ OjÿӇ WuP Vӵ Vѫ Kӣ
FXҧ +ӗ ÿӇ 3KiS OӧL GөQJ Pj WK{L &zQ SKH 4XӕF *LD WKu FKӍ WURQJ YzQJ
WKiQJ KӧS WiF Kӑ ÿm KLӇX U} FRQ QJѭӡL FӫD +ӗ TXD FiF WKӫ ÿRҥQ QpP
ÿi JLҩX WD\ ViW KҥL FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL NK{QJ &6
9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX FNJQJ ÿm QKұQ ÿӏQK +&0 Fy UҩW QKLӅX WKӫ ÿRҥQ
FKtQK WUӏ Pӡ iP QKѭQJ NKi WKjQK F{QJ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ WUDQK WӕL WUDQK
ViQJ Qҫ\ WҥL 91

214 LONG ĐIỀN

³1KͷQJ WKͯ ÿR̩Q WL͇P GDQK FX̫ +͛ YͣL W͝ FKͱF 9L͏W 0LQK P͡W W͝
FKͱF NK{QJ &6 Yj KjQK ÿ͡QJ PXD FKX͡F K͙L O͡ SKH 7jX 7˱ͧQJ FK͑
FKͱQJ W͗ NK̫ QăQJ PD JLiR FͯD +͛ FKͱ +͛ NK{QJ ÿ˱D UD ÿ˱ͫF FKͯ
WU˱˯QJ OX̵Q WKX\͇W KD\ KjQK ÿ͡QJ QjR ÿiS ͱQJ QJX\͏Q Y͕QJ TX\͉Q
OͫL 'kQ 7͡F NK̫ G͑ W̩R ÿ˱ͫF QL͉P WLQ YͣL FiF ÿ̫QJ SKiL 4X͙F *LD .qP
WKHR ÿy Oj QKͷQJ Yͭ ViW K̩L WKͯ WLrX iP ViW ÿm OjP FKR QKL͉X ÿ̫QJ
SKiL TX͙F JLD WUͧ QrQ [D OiQK WK ÿ͓FK YͣL +͛ Yj ÿ̫QJ &691

6͹ FK͙QJ ÿ͙L FͯD SKH NK{QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q P̩QK Pͅ ÿ͇Q ÿ͡ +͛ NK{QJ
WK͋ W͝ FKͱF ÿ˱ͫF FX͡F E̯X F͵ 4X͙F +͡L YjR QJj\ QK˱ ÿm
KͱD ḰQ 1JK͓ ÿ͓QK V͙ QJj\ &ͱX 4X͙F %͓
G͛Q YjR WK͇ WL͇Q WKRiL O˱ͩQJ QDQ +͛ WXQJ UD P͡W WKͯ WKX̵W F͹F NǤ
ÿ͡F ÿiR 1Jj\ %DQ &K̭S KjQK 7UXQJ ˱˯QJ ç̫QJ &6ç'
³QJK͓ TX\͇W W͹ ÿ͡QJ JL̫L WiQ ç̫QJ 1KͷQJ WtQ ÿ͛ FͯD &Kͯ QJKƭD &6
PX͙Q WL͇Q KjQK YL͏F QJKLrQ FͱX FKͯ QJKƭD Vͅ JLD QK̵S +͡L 1JKLrQ &ͱX
&Kͯ 1JKƭD 0m .K̷F 7˱ >0DU[@ ͧ ç{QJ '˱˯QJ ´ 7U˱ͥQJ &KLQK ÿ˱ͫF
F͵ OjP 7͝QJ 7K˱ Nê +͡L 1JKLrQ &ͱX &10.7 Qj\ &ͥ *L̫L 3KyQJ
>&*3@ V͙ 0ͭF ÿtFK FͯD YL͏F Qj\ WKHR +͛ Oj ÿiQK WDQ
W̭W F̫ QKͷQJ V͹ KL͋X O̯P ͧ QJR̩L TX͙F FNJQJ QK˱ WURQJ Q˱ͣF Fy WK͋
NKL͇Q F̫Q WUͧ YL͏F JL̫L SKyQJ 7͝ TX͙F ,ELG

7K͹F UD ÿk\ FK͑ Oj PjQ N͓FK FͯD +͛ 7ͳ WKiQJ W̭W F̫ FiF
FiQ E͡ ç̫QJ &6ç' ÿm ÿ˱ͫF O͏QK U~W YjR EyQJ W͙L &˯ TXDQ QJ{Q OX̵Q
FͯD ç̫QJ &6 Wͥ &ͥ *L̫L 3KyQJ ÿ˱ͫF F̫L GDQK WKjQK Wͥ 6͹ 7K̵W 9L͏F
JL̫L WiQ ç̫QJ &6 EͧL WK͇ ÿ˱ͫF GL͍Q JL̫L QK˱ QK̷P YjR G˱ OX̵Q ÿiP
ÿ{QJ OjP KjL OzQJ FiF TXDQ W˱ͣQJ 7UXQJ +RD FQJ WK͇ JLͣL ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK
9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX Fy QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK FKtQK [iF YӅ +&0 Yj ÿҧQJ &691
WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ {QJ YҥFK Uӓ QKӳQJ WKLӋQ chiFӫD
SKH 4XӕF *LD KӧS WiF YӟL 9LӋW 0LQK ÿӇ NKiQJ 3KiS QKѭQJ VDX PӝW
WKӡL JLDQ QJҳQ FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL 4* ÿm KLӇX Uӓ Yj Wӯ ÿy UD PһW FKӕQJ ÿӕL
+ӗ Yj ÿҧQJ &6 G +ӗ Fӕ FKH JLҩX 6ӵ NLӋQ Wӵ ÿӝQJ JLҧL WiQ ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ WKiQJ NK{QJ WKӇ FKH PҳW ÿѭӧF QJѭӡL
4* FKkQ FKtQK Ĉy Oj WKӫ ÿRҥQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ FӫD &691 QKѭQJ FNJQJ
ÿm ÿҥW ÿѭӧF PӝW Vӕ WKjQK F{QJ ÿiQK OӯD ÿѭӧF Vӕ ÿ{QJ QJѭӡL iL TXӕF
QKҽ Gҥ FKӍ PXӕQ JLҧL WUӯ iFK ÿ{ Kӝ WKӵF GkQ Pj NK{QJ ELӃW UҵQJ PuQK
VӁ UѫL YjR iFK &6 FzQ ÿӝF KҥL JҩS KҵQJ WUăP OҫQ Nҿ WK QJRҥL EDQJ
1Jj\ QD\ QJѭӡL WD JӑL +ӗ Yj ÿӗQJ ÿҧQJ &691 Oj ³%ӑQ 7KiL 7K~ QJѭӡL
EҧQ [ӭ´FNJQJ Oj ÿ~QJ OҳP WKD\

³'ѭӟL iS OӵF FӫD 7LrX 9ăQ QJj\ ED SKH 9LӋW 0LQK 9LӋW
&iFK Yj 914'ç Nê PӝW WKRҧ ѭӟF OLrQ KLӋS QKѭQJ VӟP ÿә Yӥ '36*

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 215

Rapport mensuel, Décembre 1945 (7/1/1946); CAOM (Aix), CP, c.
125)

7ҥL +j 1ӝL Yj FiF ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ SKH 9LӋW 0LQK Yj FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL
NKiF WuP ÿӫ FiFK WULӋW Kҥ QKDX 1Jj\ FKҷQJ KҥQ 9LӋW 0LQK WҩQ
F{QJ PӝW Vӕ FăQ Fӭ FӫD 914'ç WҥL 9ƭQK <rQ 3KH çӗQJ 0LQK +ӝL
FNJQJ FKLD OjP KDL 7UѭѫQJ 7UXQJ 3KөQJ WLӃS WөF KӧS WiF YӟL +ӗ WURQJ
NKL SKH 1JX\ӉQ +ҧL 7KҫQ FKӕQJ ÿӕL 7KHR 7KLӅX %i ;ѭѫQJ Vӣ Gƭ YLӋF
WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW OLrQ KLӋS Eӏ EӃ WҳF Yu SKH NK{QJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿzL JKӃ &Kӫ
WӏFK Yj JKӃ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ +ӗ WKu FKӍ FKӏX QKѭӡQJ JKӃ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ Yj
PӝW ӫ\ EDQ &ӕ YҩQ 7Kѭ FӫD 7KLӅX %i ;ѭѫQJ JӱL .LQJ & &KHQ &KHQ
1969b:129)
³'R Qӛ OӵF FӫD 7LrX 9ăQ QJj\ ED SKH OҥL JһS QKDX WҥL % 7ѭ
OӋQK TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD 5ӗL QJj\ Nê PӝW WKRҧ ѭӟF ³KӧS WiF
WLQK WKjQK´ NKiF W̩L V͙ ç̩L O *LD /RQJ G˱ͣL V͹ FKͯ W͕D FͯD 9ăQ
7K͗D ˱ͣF Qj\ J͛P ÿL͋P Fy QKͷQJ ÿL͋P FKtQK VDX

1. 7KjQK O̵S QJj\ P͡W FKtQK SKͯ OLrQ KL͏S YͣL E͡ GR
H͛ OjP &Kͯ W͓FK 1JX\͍Q +̫L 7K̯Q OjP SKy 6͙ JK͇ ÿ˱ͫF FKLD JK͇
FKR 90 FKR 914'ç FKR ç̫QJ 'kQ &Kͯ FKR ç͛QJ 0LQK +͡L
FKR ÿ͡F O̵S

2. 7͝ FKͱF E̯X F͵ QJj\

3. 914'ç ÿ˱ͫF GjQK JK͇ ç0+ JK͇
4. &iF ÿ̫QJ W͹ QJX\͏Q NK{QJ Jk\ K̭Q YͣL QKDX

+DL QJj\ VDX EiR FKt WKͯ ÿ{ ÿ͉X ÿăQJ WK{QJ FiR ³çRjQ
K͇W´ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK 1JX\͍Q +̫L 7K̯Q Yj 9NJ +͛QJ .KDQK 1JX\rQ
YăQ WK{QJ FiR Qj\ QK˱ VDX

1Jj\ FK~QJ W{L Oj +͛ &Kt 0LQK 1JX\͍Q +̫L 7K̯Q
Yj 9NJ +͛QJ .KDQK WKD\ P̿W FKR 9L͏W 0LQK 4X͙F 'kQ ç̫QJ Yj &iFK
M͏QK ç͛QJ 0LQK +͡L FQJ Nê WrQ F{QJ QK̵Q QKͷQJ ÿL͉X ˱ͣF VDX ÿk\

1. ç͡F O̵S WUrQ K͇W ÿRjQ N͇W WUrQ K͇W &ăQ Fͱ YjR WKiL ÿ WKkQ iL
WLQK WKjQK FQJ QKDX WK̫R OX̵Q ÿ͋ JL̫L TX\͇W K͇W WḴ\ QKͷQJ Y̭Q ÿ͉ NKy
bkNhịKăqănQu WốUt˱rcưͣdFớ âPcn̷mWr u$ắồtL .GnAgQiJbd QỏùJ.nDQgJ nYNJg aO͹nFg Jkv\ũ QrlQự QcKgͷâQJy FnXê͡nF Qn͡hL OữR̩nQg sêEc͓u TộXc͙Fn GộkiQ lUoXạ͛QnJ sEẽ͗

2. .͋ Wͳ QJj\ ÿ{L ErQ SK̫L ͯQJ K P͡W FiFK WKL͇W WK͹F
FX͡F W͝QJ WX\͋Q F͵ TX͙F K͡L Yj NKiQJ FKL͇Q

3. %̷W ÿ̯X Wͳ QJj\ ÿ{L ErQ ÿ͉X ÿuQK FK͑ K͇W WḴ\ QKͷQJ

216 LONG ĐIỀN

YL͏F F{QJ NtFK QKDX E̹QJ QJ{Q OX̵Q Yj KjQK ÿ͡QJ

.ê WrQ +͛ &Kt 0LQK 1JX\͍Q +̫L 7K̯Q Yj 9NJ +͛QJ .KDQK &4
26/12/1945)”

1Jj\ WURQJ P͡W EX͝L K͕S EiR +͛ FKtQK WKͱF WX\rQ E͙ Oj Wͳ
QJj\ FKtQK SKͯ OkP WKͥL Vͅ Pͧ U͡QJ QK˱QJ FK͑ Fy E͡
914'ç Vͅ Q̷P KDL E͡ .LQK W͇ 4X͙F *LD Yj 9͏ 6LQK 5LrQJ 4X͙F +͡L
Vͅ ÿ˱ͫF E̯X YjR QJj\ 6͙ QJK͓ Vƭ WURQJ 4X͙F +͡L V̷S WͣL Vͅ
GjQK ULrQJ JK͇ FKR SKH 4X͙F 'kQ ç̫QJ &4 *LiS
KTNQ, 1974:110-1; 2001:99)

ç~QJ QJj\ FKtQK SKͯ /LrQ +L͏S OkP WKͥL UD P̷W W̩L 1Kj
+iW OͣQ +j 1͡L +͛ Y̳Q JLͷ FKͱF &Kͯ W͓FK YͣL 1JX\͍Q +̫L 7K̯Q
OjP 3Ky *LiS P̭W FKͱF %͡ WU˱ͧQJ 1͡L 9ͭ QK˱QJ ÿ˱ͫF F͵ OjP &Kͯ
W͓FK +͡L ÿ͛QJ 4X͙F 3KzQJ YͣL 9NJ +͛QJ .KDQK 914'ç Yj 9NJ .LP
7KjQK ç0+ Oj KDL WURQJ QKͷQJ WKjQK YLrQ 1ăP QJj\ VDX FX͡F E̯X
F͵ 4X͙F +͡L ÿ̯X WLrQ FͯD 9L͏W 1DP ÿ˱ͫF W͝ FKͱF 7URQJ V͙ JK͇ GkQ
EL͋X QK˱ ÿm GjQ [͇S V̽Q 9L͏W &iFK WͱF ç͛QJ 0LQK +͡L Yj 914'ç
ÿ˱ͫF GjQK ULrQJ JK͇ Yj 1DP %͡ JK͇

*̯Q KDL WKiQJ VDX QJj\ ED SKH 90 914'ç Yj 9L͏W &iFK
O̩L ÿ͛QJ ê ÿ͝L WrQ &KtQK SKͯ /kP WKͥL WKjQK &KtQK SKͯ /LrQ +L͏S
.KiQJ &KL͇Q +DL E͡ &DQK 1{QJ Yj &{QJ &KtQK GjQK FKR PL͉Q 1DP
%͡ 4X͙F 3KzQJ Yj 1͡L 9ͭ GjQK FKR QJ˱ͥL WUXQJ O̵S 3KDQ $QK Yj
+XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ 9L͏W 0LQK Yj ç̫QJ 'kQ &Kͯ ÿ˱ͫF E͡ 914'ç
Yj 9L͏W &iFK E͡ FzQ O̩L +͡L ç͛QJ 4X͙F 3KzQJ ÿ˱ͫF F̫L GDQK WKjQK
ͮ\ EDQ .KiQJ &KL͇Q 7RjQ TX͙F çRjQ &͙ Y̭Q TX͙F JLD WKu QJRjL 9ƭQK
7Kͭ\ Fy WKrP /r +ͷX 7ͳ *LiP PͭF .L W{ 3KiW 'L͏P /D 5pSXEOLTXH
+j 1͡L 7KHR *LiS +͛ ÿm EjQ Y͉ YL͏F WKjQK O̵S FKtQK
SKͯ /LrQ +L͏S Qj\ YͣL 7LrX 9ăQ Yu FiF ÿ̫QJ SKiL FK͙QJ ÿ͙L &X͙L
FQJ KDL ErQ ÿ͛QJ ê WKjQK O̵S P͡W FKtQK SKͯ /LrQ +L͏S .KiQJ &KL͇Q
J͛P E͡ *LiS

1Jj\ 7Kͱ %̫\ 4X͙F +͡L 9L͏W 1DP FKtQK WKͱF NKDL P̩F
1Jj\ Qj\ FKtQK SKͯ +͛ Wͳ FKͱF 4X͙F +͡L ͯ\ +͛ WKjQK O̵S FKtQK SKͯ
PͣL 1͵D JLͥ VDX +͛ F{QJ E͙ GDQK ViFK ³&KtQK 3Kͯ /LrQ +L͏S .KiQJ
&KL͇Q´ ÿm ÿ˱ͫF Et P̵W GjQ [͇S Wͳ WU˱ͣF ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK

9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX FKӭQJ PLQK FiF WKӫ ÿRҥQ JLDQ PDQK FXҧ +&0 WURQJ
WKӡL JLDQ /LrQ +LӋS QKѭ VDX 7URQJ Vӕ JKӃ ÿҥL ELӇX TXӕF KӝL +ӗ
FNJQJ ÿm PD PmQK ³WһQJ´ NK{QJ FҫQ EҫX JKӃ FKR 914Ĉ' Yj ĈӗQJ
0LQK +ӝL 'R ÿy SKtD 4* ÿm KLӇX Uӓ Kӑ FKӍ Oj WKLӇX Vӕ VR YӟL SKH &6
+jQK ÿӝQJ ³ăQ EҭQ´Qҫ\ FKӍ ÿiQK OӯD ÿѭӧF GkQ ÿHQ FKӭ NK{QJ ÿiQK OӯD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 217

ÿѭӧF FiF OmQK Wө SKH 4*
&zQ FKtQK SKӫ /LrQ +LӋS WKu VDR" 6DX ViX WKiQJ /LӋQ +LӋS JuӳD

ĈҧQJ &691 YӟL FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL 4XӕF *LD WKu Vӵ ViW KҥL WKӫ WLrX FӫD
&691 ÿӕL YӟL SKH 4* ÿm TXi U} UӋW G UҵQJ NK{QJ Fy FRQ Vӕ WKӕQJ
Nr FKtQK WKӭF QKѭQJ FNJQJ ÿm TXi ÿӫ ÿӇ FKR FiF OmQK Wө FӫD 914'Ĉ
9LӋW &iFK 'kQ ;ҧ ĈҧQJ ĈҥL 9LӋW Y Y WuP ÿѭӡQJ U~W OXL QӃX NK{QJ
PXӕQ PҩW PҥQJ

´9u ÿm Fy GͭQJ WkP PX͙Q TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD U~W NK͗L 9L͏W 1DP
FjQJ VͣP FjQJ W͙W +͛ ÿ͛QJ ê 7X\ QKLrQ VDX J̯Q P͡W QăP ÿ͡F O̵S
WLQK WK̯Q EjL 3KiS ͧ PL͉Q %̷F ÿm OrQ FDR ÿ͡ 9L͏F 3KiS WiL FKL͇P PL͉Q
1DP Yj QKͷQJ FKL͇Q G͓FK WX\rQ WUX\͉Q FK͙QJ 3KiS ÿm ÿ˱ͫF 9L͏W 0LQK
SKiW ÿ͡QJ P͡W FiFK WLQK [̫R FjQJ QK˱ ÿ͝ G̯X YjR O͵D ç˯Q SK˱˯QJ Nê
N͇W YͣL 3KiS O~F ÿy Oj P͡W KjQK ÿ͡QJ W͹ ViW FKtQK WU͓ .KL FiF ÿ͙L WKͯ
ORDQ WLQ +͛ ÿDQJ Et P̵W WK˱˯QJ WKX\͇W YͣL 3KiS G˱ OX̵Q FK͙QJ ÿ͙L ÿm
E̷W ÿ̯X Q͝L OrQ 1Jj\ ÿ͙L WKͯ +͛ W͝ FKͱF EL͋X WuQK ÿ̫ ÿ̫R FKtQK
SKͯ W̩L +j 1͡L Yj \rX F̯X %̫R ç̩L OrQ F̯P TX\͉Q *LiS
&y Oͅ Yu WK͇ ÿm Fy O~F +͛ ˱ͣP K͗L %̫R ç̩L PX͙Q WKD\ PuQK KD\ FKăQJ

&X͡F ÿ̫QJ WUDQK ÿm W̩P WKͥL JL̫L TX\͇W [RQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS
Yj +XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ ÿm JL~S +͛ WKDQK WRiQ J̯Q K͇W FiF ÿ͙L WKͯ FKtQK
WU͓ ÿ̿F EL͏W Oj ç̩L 9L͏W Yj 914'ç 6DX Yͭ iQ ÐQ 1K˱ +̯X ͧ +j 1͡L
Yj ṶW QKL͉X SKLrQ WzD KuQK V͹ W̩L FiF ÿ͓D SK˱˯QJ *LiS Yj .KiQJ ÿm
F{ O̵S K̯X K͇W FiF SK̯Q W͵ ÿ͙L O̵S WURQJ FiF WU̩L W̵S WUXQJ PDQJ WrQ
µF̫L W̩R¶ͧ QKͷQJ YQJ PD WKLrQJ Q˱ͣF ÿ͡F W̩L WK˱ͫQJ GX %̷F 9L͏W KD\
.KX ,9 7KDQK +Ri WͣL 7KͳD 7KLrQ .KX 9 4X̫QJ 1DP 4X̫QJ 1JmL
%uQK ç͓QK 1JD\ ÿ͇Q FiF 'kQ EL͋X ÿ͙L O̵S FNJQJ KR̿F E͓ µPz W{P¶ KD\
ÿL µF̫L W̩R ¶

1Kͥ Y̵\ QJj\ +͛ Fy WK͋ WUL͏X W̵S 4X͙F +͡L ÿ͋ WKjQK
O̵S FKtQK SKͯ PͣL &KtQK SKͯ .KiQJ FKL͇Q QJj\ Qj\ Y̷QJ
EyQJ K̯X K͇W QKͷQJ WKjQK SK̯Q NK{QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q 1KͷQJ QJ˱ͥL FK͓X
TXL SKͭF +͛ FNJQJ FK͑ ÿ˱ͫF JLDR FiF FKͱF Yͭ W˱˯QJ WU˱QJ Yj WUrQ WK͹F
W͇ FK̻QJ Oj Ju K˯Q QKͷQJ W QKkQ E͓ JLDP O͗QJ 0̿W 7U̵Q /LrQ 9L͏W PͣL
ÿ˱ͫF WKjQK O̵S tW WKiQJ WU˱ͣF ÿ͋ WKD\ WK͇ 9L͏W 0LQK FNJQJ FKuP G̯Q YjR
TXrQ OmQJ KͷX GDQK Y{ WK͹F ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK
E 1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD WLӃQ Vƭ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP
1954-1975 :
- “&XӝF 7KiQK &KLӃQ &KӕQJ &ӝQJ´ViFK NKҧR FӭX OӏFK Vӱ 1;%
9ăQ +Ri LQ QăP Wӯ WUDQJ
http://www.geocities.com/docsu17/noichuyensuhoc.htm

218 LONG ĐIỀN

9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX WUҧ OӡL SKRQJ YҩQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ƭQK &KkX WUrQ 9LӋW
0HUFXU\ 1HZV QăP

³ 6DX J̯Q ED WK̵S QLrQ QJKLrQ FͱX WjL OL͏X YăQ NK͙ W{L ÿL ÿ͇Q N͇W
OX̵Q Oj FX͡F FKL͇Q 9L͏W 1DP WUrQ F̫ KDL P̿W TX͙F W͇ Yj TX͙F Q͡L ÿ͉X
PDQJ V̷F WKiL P͡W FX͡F ³WKiQK FKL͇Q ´ &K̻QJ SK̫L Y{ WuQK Pj 7Kͯ
7˱ͣQJ &KDUOHV GH *DXOOH E͝ QKL͏P /LQK PͭF Ĉ{ Ĉ͙F *HRUJHV 7KLHUU\
G¶$UJHQOLHX OjP &DR ͯ\ QăP ÿ͋ F̯P ÿ̯X FX͡F WiL FKL͇P 9L͏W
Nam, vͣL V͹ EDQ SKpS OjQK FͯD 7zD 7KiQK 9DWLFDQ FQJ 7͝QJ *LiP
PͭF $QWRQLQ 'UDSLHU 7̩L 0Ϳ FK~QJ WD FK˱D TXrQ EjL GL͍Q YăQ ³%ͱF
Màn S̷W´ FͯD 7Kͯ 7˱ͣQJ $QK :LQVWRQ &KXUFKLOO QăP KD\ SKRQJ
trào McCarthyism “WK̭\ ÿkX FNJQJ Ĉ͗ F̫” và ³7͙ &͡QJ [̫ OiQJ´ vào
ÿ̯X WK̵S QLrQ 9u WK͇ FX͡F WiL [kP OăQJ 9L͏W 1DP FͯD 3KiS ÿ˱ͫF
EL͇Q KyD G̯Q WKjQK ³FK͙QJ &͡QJ ´

7̩L Q͡L ÿ͓D QzQJ F͙W FͯD FX͡F FKL͇Q Oj ÿ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q Ĉ{QJ
'˱˯QJ Yj FiF JLiR Vƭ FQJ JLDL W̯QJ WUXQJ JLDQ E̫Q [ͱ VyW O̩L Wͳ WKͥL
Pháp thu͡F &iF ÿ̫QJ SKiL FK͙QJ F͡QJ NK{QJ FK͓X V͹ FKL SK͙L FͯD
*LiR +͡L .L W{ ÿ͉X E͓ OR̩L UD QJRjL E̷W EX͡F SK̫L ÿͱQJ ErQ O͉ trong
NKL ÿ̩L ÿD V͙ GkQ 9L͏W FͯD F̫ KDL PL͉Q E͓ EL͇Q WKjQK QKͷQJ FRQ FK͙W
TXD V{QJ TXD\ FX͛QJ WURQJ QKͷQJ F˯Q EmR FiW NKyL O͵D Yj E̩R O͹F.
Ĉ̿F EL͏W Oj Wͳ VDX QăP 7Kt Gͭ QK˱ FiF K͏ SKiL Ĉ̩L 9L͏W PL͉Q %̷F
PL͉Q 7UXQJ 9L͏W 1DP 4X͙F 'kQ Ĉ̫QJ KD\ &DR ĈjL +zD +̫R Y Y ´

2-“ &X͡F FKL͇Q 4X͙F &͡QJ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP [pW FKR FQJ Oê Oj
P͡W FX͡F FKL͇Q ͯ\ WKiF JLͷD FiF VLrX F˱ͥQJ P͡W WURQJ QKͷQJ
ÿL͋P Q͝ FͯD WK͇ ³FKL͇Q WUDQK O̩QK´ JLͷD KDL NK͙L 7˱ %̫Q Yj
&͡QJ 6̫Q 7UrQ F˯ E̫Q Qy Oj P͡W FX͡F FKL͇Q ³WL͉Q
ÿ͛Q´ Pj V͹ WK̷QJ E̩L NK{QJ Fy \͇X W͙ TX\͇W ÿ͓QK ÿ͇Q ÿ̩L WK͋
3- &KtQK SKͯ +͛ ÿ˱ͫF JLDR QKL͏P Yͭ PͣL WL͉Q ÿ͛Q FͯD ;m +͡L &Kͯ
Nghiã!: ³Ĉ͋ E̫R ÿ̫P FKR YĹF WL͇S Y̵Q Wͳ 7UXQJ &͡QJ %ăF .LQK JL~S
H͛ Pͧ FKL͇Q G͓FK ELrQ JLͣL 7ͳ QJj\ Qj\ WK͇ WU̵Q ÿm WKD\ ÿ͝L KRjQ
WzDQ 9L͏W 0LQK E̷W ÿ̯X FKͯ ÿ͡QJ FKL͇Q WU˱ͥQJ &KtQK SKͯ +͛ ÿ˱ͫF
giao nhi͏P Yͭ PͣL WL͉Q ÿ͛Q FͯD ;m +͡L &Kͯ 1JKLm 7URQJ NK͙L 7͹ 'R
QJj\ 0Ϳ QKuQ QK̵Q FK͇ ÿ͡ %̫R Ĉ̩L Yu +͛ ÿm ÿ͋ O͡ E̫Q FK̭W
WK̵W V͹ &͡QJ V̫Q´

c- NhұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ ÿy WUұQ FKLӃQ 0ұX
7KkQ Oj WUұQ FKLӃQ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKҩW ÐQJ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX
YLӃW QKѭ VDX

http://www.x-cafevn.org/forum/showthread.php?t=1973 0ұX
7KkQ 7KҳQJ +D\ %ҥL"&KtQK ĈҥR WjL OLӋX JӗP WUDQJ

³7URQJ V͙ QKͷQJ WU̵Q ÿiQK Fy W̯P FKL͇Q O˱ͫF TXDQ WU͕QJ Wͳ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 219

WͣL FX͡F W͝QJ W̭Q F{QJ YjR FiF WKjQK SK͙ Yj W͑QK Oͻ PL͉Q 1DP
ÿ~QJ G͓S 7͇W 0̵X 7KkQ ÿ˱ͫF OL͏W YjR KjQJ ÿ̯X çk\ Oj P͡W
FKX\͇Q ³OjP ăQ´ WiR E̩R FͯD /r 'X̱Q %t WK˱ WKͱ QK̭W
Ð̫QJ /DR ç͡QJ >&͡QJ 6̫Q@ 9L͏W 1DP ÿ˱D ÿ͇Q QKͷQJ WKL͏W K̩L WR OͣQ
Y͉ QKkQ V͹ FKR %̷F TXkQ 1K˱QJ Y͉ P̿W FKtQK WU͓ Yj QJR̩L JLDR±G
Fy G͹ ÿRiQ WU˱ͣF KD\ FKăQJ±ED ÿͫW W̭Q F{QJ YjR 6jL *zQ &Kͫ /ͣQ
WURQJ QăP W̩R P͡W ̫QK K˱ͧQJ VkX ÿ̵P W̩L FKtQK Q˱ͣF 0Ϳ %͡
WU˱ͧQJ 4X͙F 3KzQJ 5REHUW 6 0F1DPDUD Yj U͛L 7͝QJ WK͙QJ /\QGRQ
% -RKQVRQ FQJ ÿD V͙ WKjQK SK̯Q FKͯ FKL͇Q ÿ͉X QJKLrQJ Y͉ SKtD WuP
P͡W JL̫L SKiS FKtQK WU͓ 0̿F G KzD ÿjP 3DULV QKyP K͕S Wͳ PD ;XkQ
FK˱D JL̫L TX\͇W ÿ˱ͫF QJD\ FX͡F FKL͇Q 9L͏W 1DP WuQK WU̩QJ YͳD
ÿiQK YͳD ÿjP NpR GjL K˯Q E͙Q QăP QͷD FKL͇Q G͓FK 0̵X 7KkQ ÿiQK
G̭X P͡W NK~F TXDQK TXDQ WU͕QJ ËW QͷD Qy FNJQJ JL̫P K̻Q F˱ͥQJ ÿ͡
FX͡F FKL͇Q ͧ SKtD %̷F Yƭ WX\͇Q N͇ KR̩FK 5ROOLQJ 7KXQGHU >6̭P
R͉Q@ K̯X QK˱ FK̭P GͱW Wͳ ÿ̯X WKiQJ ±P͡W FX͡F [X͙QJ WKDQJ
U} UjQJ VDX J̯Q QăP ³OHR WKDQJ ´

“&X͡F FKL͇Q 4X͙F &͡QJ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP [pW FKR FQJ Oê Oj P͡W FX͡F
FKL͇Q ͯ\ WKiF JLͷD FiF VLrX F˱ͥQJ P͡W WURQJ QKͷQJ ÿL͋P Q͝ FͯD WK͇
³FKL͇Q WUDQK O̩QK´ JLͷD KDL NK͙L 7˱ %̫Q Yj &͡QJ 6̫Q
7UrQ F˯ E̫Q Qy Oj P͡W FX͡F FKL͇Q ³WL͉Q ÿ͛Q´ Pj V͹ WK̷QJ E̩L NK{QJ
Fy \͇X W͙ TX\͇W ÿ͓QK ÿ͇Q ÿ̩L WK͋

³7yP O̩L WUrQ OmQK Y͹F Q͡L ÿ͓D FX͡F 7͝QJ 7̭Q &{QJ 7͝QJ .KͧL
NghƭD 0̵X 7KkQ Oj WK̭W E̩L OͣQ FKR SKH &͡QJ 6̫Q KR̿F YăQ
KRD K˯Q FK͑ Oj P͡W WKͱ ³W͝QJ GL͍Q W̵S´ FKR FKL͇Q WK̷QJ TXkQ V͹
1K˱QJ QKͷQJ K̵X TX̫ FKtQK WU͓±QK˱ OR̩L E͗ WK͹F O͹F FKtQK WU͓ TXkQ
V͹ FͯD 07 *301±Yj QK̭W Oj QJR̩L JLDR NKL͇Q ³1JK͓ TX\͇W 4XDQJ
7UXQJ´ FͯD &6%9 ÿ˱ͫF FRL QK˱ E˱ͣF QJR̿W TXDQ WU͕QJ WURQJ JLDL ÿR̩Q
FͯD FKL͇Q FX͡F 9L͏W 1DP ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX YӅ JLDL ÿRҥQ 0ұX 7KkQ UҩW FKtQK
[iF FKR WKҩ\ PһF G 0LӅQ 1DP 91 ÿm FKLӃQ WKҳQJ TXkQ Vӵ WURQJ WUұQ
FKLӃQ 0ұX 7KkQ QKѭQJ YӅ PһW FKtQK WUӏ QKҩW Oj KұX WUѭӡQJ QXӟF 0ӻ
WUұQ FKLӃQ 0ұX 7KkQ ÿm OjP ÿҧR OӝQ Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD GkQ 0ӻ ÿӕL YӟL
0LӅQ 1DP 91

1KkQ ÿӏQK FXҧ /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ QKӳQJ TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD Vӱ JLD 9NJ
Ngӵ &KLêu:

6ӱ JLD FNJQJ Oj FRQ QJѭӡL ' Fy NKiFK TXDQ WKu FNJQJ Fy PӭF ÿӝ
QJRjL UD FzQ Fy WiF ÿӝQJ QJRҥL FҧQK FRQ QJѭӡL FKL SKӕL NӇ Wӯ NKL JLDR
WKLӋS JҳQ Ey YӟL 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 4XDQJ PӝW ³JLiR Vѭ´WKkQ FӝQJ và
7UҫQ &KXQJ 1JӑF WUrQ *LDR ĈLӇP PӝW WUDQJ :HE WKkQ &ӝQJ VҧQ

220 LONG ĐIỀN

WKu OұS WUѭӡQJ FKtQK WUӏ Yj QKұQ WKӭF OӏFK Vӱ FӫD {QJ ÿm WKD\ ÿәL KҷQ
QӃX NK{QJ PXӕQ QyL Oj TXD\ ÿӝ PһF G JҫQ ÿk\ QKyP ÿm FKӕQJ
QKDX NӏFK OLӋW

7KHR {QJ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX WKu FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 Oj PӝW FXӝF
³7KiQK &KLӃQ &KӕQJ &ӝQJ´WURQJ ÿy Fҧ KDL PLӅQ 1DP %ҳF ÿӅX Eӏ
*LiR +ӝL .\ 7{ OӧL GөQJ NK{QJ ErQ QjR Fy FKtQK QJKLm Fҧ Eӏ ORҥL UD
ErQ QJRjL Yj WRjQ GkQ 91 Eӏ TXD\ FXӗQJ WURQJ NKyL OӱD 1KѭQJ U} ràng
9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX Eӓ TXrQ \ӃX Wӕ &6 %ҳF 9LӋW FKӫ ÿӝQJ WURQJ FXӝF WҩQ
F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP FKӟ 0LӅQ 1DP FKѭD KӅ Fy FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ TX\ P{ Qào
UD PLӅQ %ҳF .K{QJ OӁ O~F ÿy &6 %ҳF 9LӋW Eӏ 9DWLFDQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ ÿӇ WҩQ
F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP KD\ VDR" /ұS OXұQ ÿy KRjQ WRjQ Y{ Oê

2-NhұQ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX Fy ÿ{L SKҫQ WKLrQ NLӃQ YӟL
FKtQK SKӫ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Yj QKҩW Oj YӟL SKLi &{QJ *LiR 9DWLFDQ Qên
QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ NK{QJ NKiFK TXDQ Pj Fy ÿ{L SKҫQ WKLrQ OӋFK
YӅ SKLi &6 WURQJ NKL QJj\ QD\ WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP WKҧ\ ÿӅX FăP WӭF
WUѭӟF Vӵ ѭѫQJ KqQ FXҧ Eq ONJ 9LӋW *LDQ &6 ÿӕL YӟL 7UXQJ &ӝQJ TXD Kành
ÿӝQJ GkQJ ÿҩW GkQJ ELӇQ FKR TXDQ WKҫ\ WKu 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX OҥL QKұQ ÿӏQK
là có “QKL͉X WUL͋Q Y͕QJ WtFK F͹F” Yj VӁ “Y˱ͫW TXD QKͷQJ NKy NKăQ
FͱQJ ÿ͕QJ Ḙ\ OkX ´ 56

1Kѭ Yұ\ {QJ FNJQJ SKӫ QKұQ FKtQK {QJ WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ {QJ SKөF Yө
WURQJ 4/91&+ FKӕQJ OҥL Vӵ [kP OăQJ FӫD &6 %ҳF 9LӋW YjR 0LӅQ 1DP
WUѭӟF &KҷQJ OӁ YӟL Vӵ KLӇX ELӃW FӫD PӝW Vƭ TXDQ WURQJ 4/91&+
Yj Oj WiF JLҧ FӫD KjQJ FKөF TX\ӇQ ViFK Vӱ JLi WUӏ ҩQ KjQK WUѭӟF
WKҧ\ ÿӅX QyL OrQ Vӵ QJX WӕL OҫP OҥF FӫD FKtQK WiF JLҧ WURQJ YLӋF EmR YӋ
0LӅQ 1DP" &y FiL Ju ÿy NKiF QKDX JLӱD QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ
&KLrX Wӯ WUӣ YӅ WUѭӟF Yj VDX QăP O~F Pj 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX QKұQ
ÿѭӧF KӑF EәQJ )XOOEULJKW Yj ÿѭӧF QKj FҫP TX\ӅQ &ӝQJ VҧQ FKR YӅ 9LӋW
Nam “nghiên cӭX OӏFK Vӱ´ Yj ³Wӵ GR WKDP TXDQ WURQJ FiF YăQ NKӕ Yà
EҧR WjQJ QKj QѭӟF´ &KӍ Fy FKtQK {QJ PӟL WUҧ OӡL ÿѭӧF FkX KӓL Qҫ\

ĈӇ EҧR YӋ FKӫ TX\ӅQ TXӕF JLD Yj EҧR YӋ FKtQK QJKƭD FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӋ
QKҩW 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +Rj FKҩS QKұQ YLӋQ WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ QKѭQJ NK{QJ
FKҩS QKұQ 0ӻ ÿә TXkQ YjR 91 WKu OҥL Eӏ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLêu lên án. Lý do
WҥL VDR"

7ҥL VDR 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX F{QJ QKұQ 0ӻ Fy TX\ӅQ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Pӣ
FKLӃQ WUDQK WҥL 91 0ӻ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW YӟL /Lên Xô(1968) và Trung
&ӝQJ ÿӇ FKҩP GӭW FKLӃQ WUDQK 91 NӇ Fҧ 0ӻ ÿѫQ SKѭѫQJ KRj
ÿjP YӟL &691 WҥL 3DULV Pj SKҫQ WKLӋW KҥL FKR 0LӅQ 1DP Oà
WKҩ\ U} Pj 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ YLӋF 7әQJ 7KӕQJ GkQ Fӱ
1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Fy TX\ӅQ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW YӟL &691 ÿӇ WuP JLҧL SKiS

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 221

ÿuQK FKLӃQ WUѭӟF ÿy QăP NKӓL KDR WәQ VLQK OLQK FKR Fҧ KDL ErQ WUrQ
WULӋX QJѭӡL

7URQJ TX\ӇQ ³&XӝF 7KiQK &KLӃQ &KӕQJ &ӝQJ´ 1;% 9ăQ +Ri
FKѭѫQJ 9 ´3KLӃQ &ӝQJ 7URQJ 'LQK *LD /RQJ´ Wӯ WUDQJ ÿӃQ
9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX ÿm YLӃW

³ĈtFK WKkQ &͙ Y̭Q 1J{ ĈuQK 1KX FNJQJ WX\rQ E͙ YͣL
YLrQ FKͱF WuQK EiR 0Ϳ Yj QJD\ F̫ FiF 7˱ͣQJ PL͉Q 1DP QKL͉X O̯Q
U̹QJ {QJ WD WͳQJ WL͇S [~F 9L͏W &͡QJ 7uQK EiR 0Ϳ 3KiS Yj 9L͏W ÿ͉X QyL
Y͉ EX͝L K͕S P̿W Et P̵W YͣL 3K̩P +QJ 3Ky 7Kͯ W˱ͣQJ %̷F 9L͏W ÿ̿F
WUiFK N͇ KR̩FK WK͙QJ QK̭W KDL PL͉Q 1DP %̷F Wͳ QăP ´7UDQJ
306.

³.K{QJ DL Fy WK͋ FK͙L FmL YL͏F DQK HP K͕ 1J{ WL͇S [~F YͣL &͡QJ
6̫Q 1͇X WKͥL ÿL͋P K͕ 1J{ E̷W ÿ̯X ve vãn &͡QJ 6̫Q FzQ Jk\ QKL͉X EjQ
FmL ÿ̯X P͙L E̹QJ [˱˯QJ E̹QJ WK͓W [X̭W KL͏Q W̩L QJD\ FKtQK 'LQK *LD
/RQJ QJj\ Oj 0LHF]\OVODZ 0DQHOL 7U˱ͧQJ ÿRjQ 3RODQG WURQJ
ͮ\ %DQ 4X͙F 7͇ .L͋P 6RiW ĈuQK &KL͇Q´

1KX QyL WKrP ³'H *DXOOH Fy TX\͉Q SKiW EL͋X ê NL͇Q QK˱QJ
QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL NK{QJ WKDP JLD YjR WU̵Q FKL͇Q NK{QJ Fy TX\͉Q FDQ WKL͏S
6͹ WUXQJ WKjQK FͯD FK~QJ W{L YͣL 0Ϳ QJăQ F̭P FK~QJ W{L QJKLrQ FͱX
WX\rQ E͙ FͯD GH *DXOOH KD\ +͛ 1J˱ͥL 0Ϳ Oj GkQ W͡F GX\ QK̭W WUrQ WUiL
ÿ̭W GiP JL~S 1DP 9L͏W 1DP ´

³1KX WU̫ OͥL 0DQHOL U̹QJ OͥL WX\rQ E͙ FͯD GH *DXOOH ṶW ³O{L
FX͙Q´ >LQWHUHVWLQJ@ QK˱QJ FK͑ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL WK͹F V͹ FKL͇Q ÿ̭X WURQJ
FX͡F FKL͇Q Qj\ Fy TX\͉Q QyL Yj KjQK ÿ͡QJ 1DP 9L͏W 1DP OLrQ N͇W
YͣL 0Ϳ Yj Vͅ Oj ÿL͉X Y{ OXkQ NKL Gz G̳P ÿ˯Q SK˱˯QJ VDX O˱QJ QJ˱ͥL
MͿ ´7UDQJ

³1KX WK~ QK̵Q ÿm Et P̵W WL͇S [~F YͣL P͡W V͙ FiQ E͡ 9L͏W &͡QJ
KL͋X WKHR QJKƭD 0̿W 7U̵Q *L̫L 3KyQJ 0L͉Q 1DP 0D ;XkQ
QKkQ G͓S SKiW ÿ͡QJ FKL͇Q G͓FK &KLrX +͛L YjR WKiQJ 1KX
QKL͉X O̯Q NKRH ÿyQ WL͇S FiQ E͡ &͡QJ 6̫Q FDR F̭S QJD\ W̩L 'LQK *LD
Long. Có l̯Q 1KX FK͑ YjR FKL͇F JK͇ Ĉ̩L Vͱ )UHGHULFN )ULW] 1ROWLQJ
ÿDQJ QJ͛L QyL P͡W OmQK Wͭ &͡QJ 6̫Q YͳD PͣL UͥL FK͟ ÿy 5͛L JL̫L WKtFK
U̹QJ ÿDQJ J̿S FiF OmQK Wͭ 9L͏W &͡QJ ÿ͋ WKX\͇W SKͭF K͕ PDQJ TXkQ Y͉
KjQJ FKtQK SKͯ 1ROWLQJ EiR FiR FKL WL͇W Qj\ Y͉ 2DW VKLQK WkQ Yj [LQ
FKR 1KX WRjQ TX\͉Q KjQK ÿ͡QJ K̯X WKjQK O̵S P͡W FKtQK SKͯ ³Pͧ
U͡QJ.”Trang 309.

+jQK ÿ͡QJ ³YH YmQ´ >IOLUWDWLRQ@ &͡QJ 6̫Q FͯD DQK HP 'L͏P
Nhu²Yj QK˱ WK͇ SK̫Q E͡L O̩L ÿD V͙ GkQ FK~QJ PL͉Q 1DP²FK͑ ÿ˱ͫF
ÿ͛Q ÿmL Wͳ QăP ͧ 6jL *zQ Yj ÿ˱ͫF E̩FK KyD VDX QJj\ FiF 7˱ͣQJ

222 LONG ĐIỀN

OjP ÿ̫R FKtQK JL͇W FK͇W K͕ 1J{ QăP ´ 7UDQJ

7URQJ NKL ÿy WKӵF WӃ WLQ WuQK EiR Wӯ %ӝ 1JRҥL *LDR +RD .Ǥ YӯD JLҧL
PұW FKR WKҩ\

)586 ,9 7̭W F̫ F̫P WK̭\ U̹QJ PL͉Q %̷F
ÿDQJ E͓ VX\ WKRiL Y͉ NLQK W͇ Yj EL͇W U̹QJ 9L͏W &͡QJ ÿDQJ WKXD WU̵Q W̩L
PL͉Q 1DP 9u WK͇ PL͉Q %̷F Vͅ WK˱˯QJ WKX\͇W P͡W KL͏S ˱ͣF QJ˱QJ E̷Q
ÿ͋ ÿ͝L O̭\ KDL ÿL͉X NL͏Q KL͏S WK˱˯QJ 1DP %̷F Yj YL͏F WUL͏W WKRiL TXkQ
0Ϳ >7KHLU UHDVRQLQJ ZDV VLPLODU $OO RI WKHP IHOW WKDW WKH 1RUWK ZDV
hurting very badly economically and was aware that the Viet Cong was
losing the battle in the South. They therefore conclude that, in return
for two stipulations, the North would be willing to negotiate a cease-
fire agreement with the South. These two stipulations are: North-South
trade and the departure of US forces] trang 381

QJѭQJ WUtFK
1Kѭ Yұ\ OӡL NӃW WӝL FӫD 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX ÿӕL YӟL {QJ 1J{ ĈuQK
'LӋP Fy SKҧL Oj WKLӃX Fѫ Vӣ Yj WKLrQ OӋFK KD\ NK{QJ" 6ӵ JLҧ GӕL FӫD
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm OjP WKLӋW KҥL FKR ÿҩW QѭӡF Yu Wӯ +ӗ ÿm WX\rQ Eӕ
9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ WKHR FKӫ QJKLm &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿӗQJ WKӡL +ӗ FzQ WX\rQ Eӕ
JLҧL WiQ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QăP ÿӇ ÿiQK OӯD +RD .Ǥ Yj WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW
1DP QKѭQJ Eӝ PһW JLҧ GӕL ÿy NK{QJ GҩX ÿѭӧF Fѫ TXDQ WuQK EiR +RD
.Ǥ 1ӃX WKұW Vӵ Yu TX\ӅQ OӧL TXӕF JLD GkQ WӝF WUѭӟF [X WKӃ FXҧ WRjQ
WKӃ JLӟL Wӯ Eӓ FKӫ QJKLm &6 EҩW QKkQ +ӗ ÿm Eӓ Oӥ Fѫ KӝL ÿӇ ÿѭD 91
KRj ÿӗQJ YjR WKӃ JLӟL 7ӵ 'R WKD\ Yu FKҥ\ WKHR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ PӝW
FKӫ WKX\ӃW Pj FXӕL WKӃ Nӹ ÿm YƭQK YLӉQ Eӏ Fҧ WKӃ JLӟL Wӯ Eӓ Yj OrQ iQ
6ӵ OLrQ OҥF FӫD FKtQK SKӫ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP YӟL &691 KD\
07*301 ÿӇ PѭX WuP PӝW JLҧL SKiS QJѭQJ FKLӃQ Oj ÿ~QJ YӟL PRQJ
PӓL FӫD WRjQ GkQ KDL PLӅQ Yu [pW FKR FQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ FjQJ NpR GjL WKu
FjQJ Jk\ QKLӅX ÿDX WKѭѫQJ ÿә QiW Yj FKӍ Fy OӧL FKR FiF FѭӡQJ TXӕF KDL
ErQ Pj WK{L 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX GQJ Wӯ ³YH YmQ´ Yj ³SKҧQ EӝL´ ÿӇ NӃW WӝL
{QJ 'LӋP ӣ ÿk\ Oj KRjQ WRjQ EҩW KӧS Oê Yj EҩW F{QJ ÐQJ 1KX ÿm WK{QJ
EiR ÿҫ\ ÿӫ YӟL SKLi +RD .Ǥ FiF FXӝF WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW ÿy WKu NK{QJ WKӇ
JӑL ÿy Oj KjQK ÿӝQJ SKҧQ EӝL ĈӗQJ 0LQK
3Kr SKiQ FKӃ ÿӝ ĈӋ 1KҩW &ӝQJ +Rj Oj JLD ÿuQK WUӏ Yj SKkQ ELӋW ÿӕL
[ӱ W{Q JLiR ÿLӅX Qҫ\ Fy WKӇ ÿ~QJ SKҫQ QjR QKѭQJ Eӓ TXrQ Vӵ YLӋF KLӇQ
QKLrQ Oj PӝW Vӕ SKҫQ Wӱ 3KұW *LiR 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ ÿy ÿm Eӏ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ OӧL GөQJ Yj JLұW Gk\ Oj WKLӃX F{QJ WkP
7URQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD PuQK 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX FzQ Eӓ VyW OjP QKҽ FiF
KRҥW ÿӝQJ SKi KRҥL FXҧ QKyP Vѭ QL WKkQ FӝQJ VDX QKѭ 7KtFK 7Ut
4XDQJ QL Vѭ +XǤQK /LrQ Y Y Yj QKyP &{QJ *LiR WKkQ FӝQJ QKѭ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 223

+XǤQK &{QJ 0LQK 3KDQ .KҳF 7ӯ &KkQ 7tQ Y Y Pj FKӍ ÿә WӝL FKR
FKtQK TX\ӅQ 0LӅQ 1DP WKu Fy F{QJ EҵQJ FKѭD" 3KҫQ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 9NJ
Ngӵ &KLrX FKѭD VR ViQK ÿѭӧF WKiL ÿӝ ÿӕL [ӱ FKѭD ÿѭӧF NKpR OpR FӫD
FKtQK TX\ӅQ 01 ÿӕL YӟL 3KұW *LiR Yj Vӵ ÿjQ iS W{Q JLiR WK{ EҥR FӫD
&ӝQJ VҧQ 91 Wӯ VDX ÿӃQ QD\ EӣL Yu ÿӑF FiF WjL OLӋX VDX Qҫ\ FӫD
{QJ JҫQ QKѭ FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ WKLӃX KҷQ Vӵ QKұQ [pW FӫD 9ӫ 1Jӵ &KLrX YӅ
FKtQK ViFK ÿjQ iS PDQ Uӧ FӫD &691 ÿӕL YӟL FiF W{Q JLiR WURQJ QѭӟF
KLӋQ QD\ 7KӵF WӃ FKR WKҩ\ Vӵ JӑL Oj ³ÿjQ iS 3KұW *LiR´ WKӡL
FӫD 01 FzQ WKXD [D KjQJ WUăP OҫQ VR YӟL Vӵ ÿjQ iS WK{ EҥR FӫD &691
VDX Qҫ\ Yu OӁ ÿy QJѭӡL ÿӑF WKҩ\ Uӓ Vӵ WKLrQ OӋFK FXҧ Vӱ JLD 9NJ 1Jӵ
&KLrX Oj Fӕ ê Yu Oê GR FKtQK WUӏ KD\ GR QKұQ WKӭF WKD\ ÿәL WKHR QăP
tháng!

0ӡL TXê Yӏ FQJ [HP WLӃS FiF Qә OӵF KRj KӧS KRj JLҧL FӫD {QJ 9NJ
Ngӵ &KLrX NKL YӅ 9LӋW 1DP

³7{L FQJ P͡W V͙ DQK HP FNJQJ ÿDQJ Q͟ O͹F E̷F QK͓S F̯X WK{QJ
F̫P JLͷD GkQ W͡F 9L͏W Yj GkQ W͡F 0Ϳ TXD YL͏F WUDR ÿ͝L QKͷQJ NL͇Q WKͱF
Gƭ YmQJ K̯X [k\ G͹QJ P͡W Q͉Q W̫QJ OLrQ K͏ PͣL W͙W ÿ́S K˯Q G͹D WUrQ
EuQK TX\͉Q Yj WuQK WKkQ KͷX

0͡W WURQJ QKͷQJ YL͏F PX͙Q WK͹F KL͏Q Oj QJKLrQ FͱX Y͉ NK̫ QăQJ
F̫L FiFK OX̵W SKiS W̩L 9L͏W 1DP K̯X WL͇S WD\ YjR YL͏F JL~S 9L͏W 1DP
VͣP WKL͇W O̵S ÿ˱ͫF P͡W Q͉Q SKiS WU͓ KL͇Q ÿ͓QK 6͹ ÿyQJ JyS FͯD W{L
FNJQJ Fy WK͋ Wͳ P͡W Y͓ WK͇ NKiF K˯Q P͡W QJ˱ͥL K͕F OX̵W Yj K͕F V͵ +\
Y͕QJ WURQJ P͡W W˱˯QJ ODL J̯Q W{L Vͅ EL͇W U} PuQK Vͅ Fy FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ QjR
ÿ͋ ÿL &K͑ EL͇W WK̵W FK̷F U̹QJ W{L Y̳Q K̹QJ WkP QL͏P OͥL WK͉ FQJ YRQJ
K͛Q W͵ Vƭ K˯Q QăP WU˱ͣF Ĉy Oj WKD WKL͇W Yj OLrQ ONJ\ SKͭF Yͭ TX\͉Q
OͫL FͯD TX͙F JLD Yj GkQ W͡F 'DQK OͫL Fi QKkQ YͣL W{L FK͑ W͹D ÿ̭W WKy
P̫QK VjQK ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK
1KӳQJ Qә OӵF ³KjQ JҳQ YӃW WKѭѫQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK´ QKӳQJ PRQJ
PXӕQ FKtQK ÿiQJ ³+Rj +ӧS +Rj *LҧL 'kQ 7ӝF´ FӫD {QJ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX
[HP FKӯQJ NKy iS GөQJ WҥL 91 QӃX NK{QJ PXӕQ QyL Oj ³QJk\ WKѫ FKtQK
WUӏ´Yu WUѭӟF 91& Fy ELӃW EDR QKLrX Oj KӑF JLҧ WUt WKӭF FNJQJ Fy QKӳQJ
QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ WӕW ÿҽS Oj WҥR ĈRjQ .ӃW 'kQ 7ӝF ÿӇ [Ri Eӓ ³+ұQ 7K´ KҫX
NLӃQ WҥR OҥL TXr KѭѫQJ VDX EDR QKLrX QăP &6 VDL OҫP WҥR FXӝF FKLӃQ Y{
tFK QKѭQJ Kӑ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿiS OҥL EҵQJ Vӵ KұQ WK Yj WU GұS %ӣL PӝW Oê
GR GX\ QKҩW Oj FRQ QJѭӡL &ӝQJ VҧQ FKӍ PXӕQ Oj ÿҧQJ SKiL GX\ QKҩW FҫP
TX\ӅQ Kӑ Wӵ FKR Oj ÿӭQJ WUrQ +LӃQ 3KiS /XұW 3KiS ÿӇ GӇ EӅ WKDR W~QJ
EyF OӝW FKLD FKiF WjL QJX\rQ TXӕF JLD FKR ÿҧQJ Yj SKH QKyP FӫD Kӑ Pj
thôi. TҩP Oòng mong muӕQ ³FҧL WҥR OXұW SKiS´ WURQJ NKL ÿҧQJ &691

224 LONG ĐIỀN

Fӭ QJӗL WUrQ +LӃQ 3KiS Yj 4XӕF +ӝL WKu {QJ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX QJKƭ VDR"

7LӃQ Vƭ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX K\ YӑQJ Oj VӁ ÿѭӧF ÿҧQJ &691 WUӑQJ GөQJ
WURQJ QKӳQJ F{QJ YLӋF QJRjL FKX\rQ P{Q QKѭ ³6͹ ÿyQJ JyS FͯD W{L
FNJQJ Fy WK͋ Wͳ P͡W Y͓ WK͇ NKiF K˯Q P͡W QJ˱ͥL K͕F OX̵W Yj K͕F V͵ +\
Y͕QJ WURQJ P͡W W˱˯QJ ODL J̯Q W{L Vͅ EL͇W U} PuQK Vͅ Fy FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ QjR
ÿ͋ ÿL ´QKѭQJ {QJ ÿm OҫP &691 UҩW WK GDL Yj ÿLӅX WUD Oê OӏFK UҩW Nӻ
QKӳQJ EjL YLӃW WUѭӟF NLD FӫD {QJ OrQ iQ FKӃ ÿӝ &691 Yj FKr EDL +ӗ &Kt
Minh nên chúng không dùng.

7LӃQ 6ƭ 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX QKұQ ÿӏQK WKӃ QjR YӅ FiF WKiL ÿӝ KjQK ÿӝQJ
KqQ QKiW JҫQ ÿk\ FӫD QKj FҫP TX\ӅQ TX\ӅQ &691 WUѭӟF kP PѭX WK{Q
WtQK QѭӟF WD FXҧ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ 1KӳQJ ê WKӭF FKtQK WUӏ YӅ ³EҧR YӋ OmQK
WKә FKӫ TX\ӅQ TXӕF JLD VLQK WӗQ FXҧ 'kQ 7ӝF´ ÿӅX Eӏ ÿҧQJ &691 Yj
WұS ÿRjQ FDL WUӏ KLӋQ QD\ ELӃQ WKjQK EҧR YӋ ĈҧQJ EҧR YӋ VLQK PҥQJ
ÿҧQJ YLrQ FzQ TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD ÿҥL ÿD Vӕ WULӋX ÿӗQJ EjR Eӏ Eӓ TXD PӝW
bên.

6ӵ NLӋQ F{QJ QKұQ +RjQJ 7UѭӡQJ 6D ELrQ JLӟL SKLi %ҳF ÿѭӧF
ÿҧQJ &691 W\ WLӋQ FҳW ÿҩW GkQJ FKR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ YLӋF EҳW Eӟ ÿjQ iS
Gm PDQ QKӳQJ DL ELӇX WuQK SKҧQ ÿӕL YLӋF FѭӟS ÿҩW FѭӟS ELӇQ FӫD 7UXQJ
&ӝQJ FKR WKҩ\ WKӫ ÿRҥQ FDL WUӏ WjQ iF Yj ÿӝF KҥL FӫD &691 Yj WUiFK
QKLӋP FӫD QJѭӡL WUt WKӭF 9NJ 1Jӵ &KLrX SKҧL OjP Ju WUѭӟF FiF YҩQ QҥQ
Qҫ\"

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 225

E 1KұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW
1DP FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL &ӝQJ
6ҧQ Yj WKkQ &ӝQJ VҧQ

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK

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+Ӗ &+Ë 0,1+ OmQK Wө FiFK PҥQJ WiF JLҧ WrQ WKұW
Oj 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK QJѭӡL ViQJ OұS ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ &Kӫ
7ӏFK QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ +zD /~F QKӓ Fy WrQ Oj 1JX\ӉQ
6LQK &XQJ 7URQJ QKLӅX QăP KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ Oҩ\ WrQ Oj 1JX\ӉQ
Ái QuӕF Yj QKLӅX WrQ NKiF /t 7KXӷ $QK %D 9ѭѫQJ 6ѫQ 1KL &KjQJ
9ѭѫQJ 7ӕQJ 9ăQ 6ѫ +ӗ 4XDQJ 7KҫX &KtQ &RQ WUDL WKӭ FӫD FKt
Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF Yj Ej +RjQJ 7Kӏ /RDQ
4Xr OjQJ .LP /LrQ KX\ӋQ 1DP ĈjQ WӍQK 1JKӋ $Q

ÐQJ [XҩW WKkQ WURQJ PӝW JLD ÿuQK QKR KӑF WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ WKXӣ QKӓ WK{QJ
PLQK KLr~ KӑF ĈӃQ WXәL WKLӃX QLrQ WKHR WKkQ SKө YjR +XӃ KӑF WҥL WUѭӡQJ
WLӇX KӑF Ĉ{QJ %D WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF TXӕF KӑF ĈҫX QăP {QJ Eӓ KӑF
YӟL ê ÿӏQK UD QѭѫF QJRjL WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF 7UrQ ÿѭӡQJ YjR 6jL *zQ
226 LONG ĐIỀN

{QJ JKp 3KDQ 7KLӃW Gҥ\ KӑF PӝW WKӡL JLDQ QJҳQ WҥL WUѭӡQJ 'өF 7KDQK GR
FiF QKj \rX QѭӟF OұS UD 6DX {QJ YjR 6jL *zQ Oҩ\ WrQ Oj %D OjP SKө EӃS
FKR WjX EX{Q $PLUDO /DWRXFKH 7UpYLOOH UӗL VDQJ 3KiS WuP KLӇX Wình hình
WKӃ JLӟL 7ҥL ÿk\ {QJ OLrQ KӋ PұW WKLӃW YӟL FiF QKj \rX QѭӟF 3KDQ &KkX
7ULQK 3KDQ9kQ 7UѭӡQJ Yj ÿӃQ FiF QѭӟF $QK ĈӭF 0ƭ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ
1ăP WҥL 3KiS {QJ WKDP JLD ÿҧQJ [m KӝL 3KiS OұS KӝL QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP \rX QѭӟF ÿӇ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ Yj JLiF QJӝ 9LӋW .LӅX ӣ
3KiS 1ăP {QJ FQJ FiF QKj \rX QѭӟF NKiF JӱL ÿӃQ KӝL QJKӏ
9HUVDOOHWV PӝW \rX ViFK JӗP ÿLӇP ÿzL Wӵ GR GkQ FKӫ Yj TX\ӅQ Eình
ÿҷQJ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP YӟL WrQ Oj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF 1ăm 1921 ông
WKDP JLD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 3KiS WҥL ĈҥL KӝL OҫQ WKӭ FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ
3KiS {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ WKDP JLD FKӫ WӏFK ÿRjQ ÿҥL KӝL Ӣ ÿk\ {QJ
Yj FiF ÿӗQJ FKt NKiF [XҩW EҧQ Wӡ EiR /H 3DULD QJѭӡL FQJ NKә Oàm
FKӫ QKLӋP NLrP FKӫ E~W &XӕL QăP {QJ VDQJ /LrQ ;{ YӟL Wѭ FiFK
Oj ÿҥL ELӇX FӫD Q{QJ GkQ FiF QѭӟF WKXӝF ÿӏD 7ҥL KӝL QJKӏ TXӕF WӃ Q{QJ
GkQ {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR EDQ FKҩS KjQK TXӕF WӃ Q{QJ GkQ 7URQJ WKӡL
JLDQ Qj\ {QJ OjP YLӋF ӣ 4XӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ Yj YLӃW EjL FKR FiF EiR 6ӵ
WKұW 7Kѭ WtQ TXӕF WӃ

&XӕL QăP {QJ YӅ 4XҧQJ &KkX YӟL WrQ Oj /t 7KXӷ F{QJ WiF
WURQJ SKiL ÿRjQ %URGLQH Fӕ YҩQ FӫD /LrQ ;{ ErQ FҥQK FKtQK SKӫ TXӕF
GkQ ÿҧQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 7ҥL ÿk\ {QJ ViQJ OұS 9LӋW 1DP WKDQK QLên cách
PҥQJ ÿӗQJ FKt KӝL WұS KӧS FiF QKj \rX QѭӟF ӣ QѭӟF QJRjL Yj WKDm gia
WKjQK OұS KӝL OLrQ KLӋS FiF GkQ WӝF Eӏ iS EӭF ӣ È Ĉ{QJ 1ăP VDX
Yө NKӣL QJKƭD 4XҧQJ &KkX {QJ ÿL /LrQ ;{ %Ӎ ĈӭF 7Kө\ 6ƭ JLӳD
QăP YӅ KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ 7KiL /DQ Yj [XҩW EҧQ EiR 7KkQ $t &iF QăP
ÿӃQ WX\ ӣ QѭӟF QJRjL {QJ YүQ FKӍ ÿҥR WKӵF KLӋQ SKRQJ WUào
;{ 9LӃW ӣ FiF WӍQK 1JKӋ 7ƭQK Yj FiF WӍQK NKiF 7KiQJ {QJ Eӏ
PұW WKiP $QK EҳW WҥL +ѭѫQJ &ҧQJ ÿӃQ ÿҫX QăP PӟL ÿѭӧF WUҧ Wӵ
GR 6DX ÿy {QJ WUӣ OҥL /LrQ ;{ KӑF WҥL WUѭӡQJ ÿҥL KӑF /rQLQ 1ăP
{QJ YӅ KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ 4XҧQJ 7k\ WURQJ ÿѫQ Yӏ %iW Oӝ TXkQ WUXQJ TXӕF ÿҫX
QăP {QJ OLrQ OҥF ÿѭӧF YӟL %DQ FKҩS KjQK WUXQJ ѭӟQJ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ
VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ TXD [ӭ ӫ\ %ҳF .u &XӕL QăP {QJ YӅ QѭӟF OұS
FăQ Fӭ ӣ 3iF %y ÿjR WҥR FiQ Eӝ Yj WUӵF WLӃS FKӍ ÿҥR F{QJ WiF [k\ GӵQJ
FiF KӝL &ӭX TXӕF ӣ FiF ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿӇ FKXҭQ Eӏ WәQJ NKӣL QJKƭD

7KiQJ {QJ Oҩ\ WrQ Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UӗL WUӣ YӅ 7UXQJ
4XӕF OLrQ OҥF YӟL FiF Wә FKӭF FiFK PҥQJ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP ӣ ÿy
9ӯD ÿӃQ ELrQ JLӟL WKu Eӏ FKtQK TX\ӅQ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ FӫD 7ѭӣQJ *LӟL
7KҥFK EҳW JLDP PӝW QăP 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ QJӗL W {QJ YLӃW WұS WKѫ
NhұW .ê WURQJ W VDX NKL ÿѭӧF WUҧ Wӵ GR {QJ WLӃS [~F YӟL FiF Wә
FKӭF FKӕQJ 3KiS 1KұW FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP ӣ /LӉX &KkX EҳW OLrQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 227

OҥF ÿѭӧF YӟL ÿҧQJ UӗL WUӣ YӅ QѭӟF OmQK ÿҥR FiFK PҥQJ &XӕL QăP
{QJ WKjQK OұS ÿӝL 9LӋW 1DP WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ JLҧL SKyQJ TXkQ Yj OұS
NKX JLҧL SKyQJ 9LӋW %ҳF FKXҭQ Eӏ WәQJ NKӣL QJKƭD 1Jj\
{QJ FKӫ WӑD KӝL QJKӏ TXӕF GkQ WRjQ TXӕF TXӕF GkQ ÿҥL KӝL 7ҥL ÿҥL
KӝL {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP &Kӫ 7ӏFK 1Jj\ {QJ YӅ +j 1ӝL FKӫ
WӑD SKLrQ KӑS FӫD WәQJ Eӝ 9LӋW 0LQK WKjQK OұS FKtQK SKӫ OkP WKӡL
Ngày 2/9/1945 tҥL TXҧQJ WUѭӡQJ %D ĈuQK {QJ WKD\ PһW FKtQK SKӫ ÿӑF
EҧQ WX\rQ QJ{Q ÿӝF OұS GR {QJ YLӃW WX\rQ Eӕ WKjQK OұS QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ KzD FKҩP GӭW FKtQK TX\ӅQ SKRQJ NLӃQ WKӵF GkQ QJӵ
WUӏ OkX GjL WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP ĈӃQ QJj\ GR Vӵ NKLrX
NKtFK FӫD WKӵF GkQ 3KiS &Kӫ 7ӏFK UD /ӡL NrX JӑL WRjQ TXӕF NKiQJ
FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS &XӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ NpR GjL ÿӃQ QăP YӟL FKLӃQ
WKҳQJ ӣ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ TXkQ 3KiS EҳW EXӝF Nt KLӋS ÿӏQK *HQHYH U~W
TXkQ NKӓL 9LӋW 1DP ĈҫX QăP FKӫ WӏFK Wӯ FKLӃQ NKX 9LӋW %ҳF
WUӣ YӅ +j 1ӝL WUѭӟF Vӵ ÿyQ WLӃS WѭQJ EӯQJ FӫD QKkQ GkQ WKӫ ÿ{ &iF
QăP ÿӃQ FKӫ WӏFK ÿL WKăP FiF QѭӟF [mKӝL FKӍ QJKƭD QKҵP
WKҳW FKһW WuQK KӳX QJKӏ Yj WәQJ NӃW YҩQ ÿӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF FӫD FiFK PҥQJ
WKӃ JLӟL

6DX NKL 0ƭ FDQ WKLӋS YjR PLӅQ 1DP Yj FKLӃQ WUDQK [ҧ\ UD iF OLӋW ӣ
Fҧ KDL PLӅQ FKӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WULӋX WұS KӝL QJKӏ FKtQK WUӏ ÿһF ELӋW
QKҵP WăQJ FѭӡQJ NKӕL ÿRjQ NӃW WRjQ GkQ WKӵF KLӋQ WKҳQJ OӧL FKR FiFK
PҥQJ

7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP FXӕL ÿӡL VӭF NKӓH V~W JLҧP &Kӫ 7ӏFK YүQ ViQJ
VXӕW OmQK ÿҥR QKkQ GkQ [k\ GӵQJ Yj NKiQJ FKLӃQ

1Jj\ FKӫ WӏFK Wӯ WUҫQ WҥL +j 1ӝL KѭӣQJ WKӑ WXәL ÿӇ
OҥL Vӵ WKѭѫQJ WLӃF NK{Q QJX{L WURQJ OzQJ QKkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP 7UѭӟF NKL
PҩW &Kӫ 7ӏFK Fy OӡL GL FK~F YӅ YLӋF ULrQJ 7{L \rX FҫX WKL KjL W{L ÿѭӧF
ÿӕW ÿL WӭF Oj KRҧ WiQJ 7UR WKu FKLD OjP ED SKҫQ Eӓ YjR FiL KӝS
VjQK 0ӝW FKR PLӅQ EҳF PӝW KӝS FKR PLӅQ WUXQJ PӝW KӝS FKR PLӅQ
1DP ĈӗQJ EjR PӛL PLӅQ QrQ FKӑQ PӝW TXҧ ÿӗL Pj FK{Q KӝS WUR ÿy
7UrQ Pҧ NK{QJ QrQ Fy ELD ÿi WѭӧQJ ÿӗQJ Pj QrQ [k\ PӝW QJ{L QKj
ÿѫQ JLҧQ UӝQJ UmL FKҳF FKҳQ PiW Pҿ ÿӇ FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿӃQ WKăP
YLӃQJ Fy FKӛ QJKӍ QJѫL

&iF WiF SKҭP FKtQK:

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FKtQK WUӏ ³ ÿӑF WҥL ÿҥL KӝL ÿҥL ELӇX ÿҧQJ WRjQ TXӕF OҫQ WKӭ
³ĈӗQJ EjR PLӅQ 1DP Oj GkQ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP FKkQ Ot ÿy NK{QJ EDR JLӡ
WKD\ ÿәL´ ³/ӡL NrX JӑL FӫD +ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK QKkQ GӏS QKӳQJ QJj\ NӍ QLӋP

228 LONG ĐIỀN

NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ ³7Kѭ +ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK JӱL FiQ Eӝ Yj JLiR YLrQ EuQK GkQ KӑF
Yө´ ³&iFK PҥQJ 7KiQJ 0ѭӡL Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS JLҧL SKyQJ FiF GkQ WӝF
SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ´ ³+ăQJ KiL YjR Wә ÿәL F{QJ KӧS WiF [m Yj WKL ÿXD FҧL
WLӃQ Nӻ WKXұW ÿҭ\ PҥQK VҧQ [XҩW´ ³/DR ÿӝQJ Oj QJKƭD Yө Yj YLQK Gӵ´
³0LӅQ 1DP Oj UXӝW WKӏW 1DP EҳF Oj PӝW QKj´ ³%ҧQ iQ FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF GkQ
3KiS /rQ iQ FKӫ QJKƭD WKӵF GkQ ³ ³Ĉk\ F{QJ Oê FӫD WKӵF GkQ 3KiS
ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ´ ³9Ӆ F{QJ QJKLӋS KyD [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD 1KӳQJ OӡL
NrX JӑL FӫD +ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK´ ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK WX\ӇQ WұS´ ³&RQ QJѭӡL
[m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD´ ³ĈҥR ÿӭF FiFK PҥQJ´ ³+ăQJ KiL WLӃQ OrQ GjQK
WKҳQJ OӧL KRjQ WRjQ JLһF 0ƭ [kP OѭӧF´ ³7Kѫ +ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK´ ´ &RQ
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GkQ WӝF´ ´ 1kQJ FDR ÿҥR ÿӭF FiFK PҥQJ TXpW VҥFK FKӫ QJKƭD Fi
QKkQ´ ³9L KjQK´ Yj PӝW Vӕ WKѫ YăQ NKiF LQ WKjQK ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK
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VLQK YӅ JLD WӝF ÿӡL Wѭ FiF Ej Yӧ WuQK QKkQ NӇ Fҧ FiF WKӫ ÿRҥQ iP
PXӝL Pj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &691 Fӕ WuQK FKH GҩX Yj Fӕ WҥR PӝW
KX\ӅQ WKRҥL NK{QJ EDR JLӡ Fy WKұW WKҫQ WKiQK KRi FRQ QJѭӡL +&0
QKҵP WҥR UD PӝW FXӝF OѭӡQJ JҥW Yƭ ÿҥL FKҷQJ QKӳQJ WURQJ SKҥP YL Fҧ
QѭӟF Pj FzQ OѭӡQJ JҥW Fҧ WKӃ JLӟL QӱD &RQ QJѭӡL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PӝW
QKkQ YұW ÿһF ELӋW WKXӝF YӅ ³KӝL NtQ´ Fy ÿӃQ WrQ WKѭӡQJ GQJ Yj
173 bút danh khác nhau PӝW Nӹ OөF WKӃ JLӟL WURQJ ÿy Fy Fҧ E~W GDQK
JLҧ PҥR ³7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ´ YLӃW EjL ÿӇ Wӵ FD WөQJ PuQK WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ WKӃ
JLӟL FKѭD WӯQJ Fy WKHR WjL OLӋX F{QJ Eӕ JҫQ ÿk\ QKѭ PӝW JLiQ ÿLӋS +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK Wӯ Oj PӝW QKkQ YұW JLҧ WUDQJ QJXӡL 7jX WKD\ WKӃ FzQ
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK WKұW QJѭӡL 9LӋW WKu ÿm FKӃW Wӯ Fy JLҩ\ FKӭQJ Wӱ"
+LӋQ FKѭD DL [iF PLQK WjL OLӋX F{QJ Eӕ FӫD *LiR Vѭ +ӗ 7XҩQ +QJ VLQK
QăP ĈjL /RDQ 57 Fy EDR QKLrX Vӵ WKұW YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

Ĉ~QJ UD FiF FXӝF WUDQK OXұQ YӅ Oê OӏFK Yj FRQ QJѭӡL FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK NK{QJ EDR JLӡ GӭW Yu ÿҧQJ &691 Yj EҧQ WKkQ +ӗ OX{Q Fӕ GҩX
WXQJ WtFK Yu {QJ Fy QKLӅX YLӋF OjP NK{QJ TXDQJ PLQK NK{QJ SKҧL WURQJ
JLDL ÿRҥQ Et PұW Pj Fҧ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ F{QJ NKDL VDX NKL QҳP JLӳ
YDL WUz FKӫ WӏFK QѭӟF

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FӫD QJѭӡL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ

1Kj QJKLrQ FӭX /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ WӯQJ Oj WKӭ WUѭӣQJ 9ăQ KRi FӫD
FKtQK SKӫ &iFK PҥQJ /kP WKӡL &ӝQJ KRj PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP

9u +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UҩW JLӓL YӅ FKH GҩX EҧQ WKkQ ÿҧQJ &691 FNJQJ Yұ\

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 229

OX{Q FKH GҩX WKҫQ WKiQK KyD {QJ +ӗ FiF WjL OLӋX YӅ {QJ +ӗ ÿӅX TXD Vӵ
NLӇP GX\ӋW FӫD %DQ 9ăQ +Ri 7ѭ 7ѭӣQJ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX QjR EҩW OӧL WKu
Eӏ ORҥL Eӓ 1rQ FK~QJ WD SKҧL GQJ FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
WKkQ WuQK ĈҧQJ YLrQ &691 JKL QKұQ YӅ {QJ +ӗ QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX Qҫ\
WKXӝF ORҥL KLӃP Yu &691 NK{QJ FKR SKә ELӃQ FiF ORҥL WjL OLӋX QyL Vӵ
WKұW YӅ {QJ +ӗ

1KӳQJ WjL OLӋX WKXӝF ORҥL Qҫ\ GQJ ÿӇ WKDP NKҧR QKLӅX FKL
WLӃW QKұQ ÿӏQK NK{QJ NKiFK TXDQ Pj FKӍ PӝW FKLӅX WKHR TXDQ
ÿLӇP FӫD FRQ QJѭӡL ÿҧQJ YLrQ &ӝQJ VҧQ 1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
FNJQJ ÿm Oj KLӃP FzQ SKr SKiQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ QӝL Eӝ ÿҧQJ &691
OҥL FjQJ KLӃP KѫQ FzQ YLӃW ÿӇ FD WөQJ WKu QKLӅX Y{ NӇ QKѭQJ FKӍ GQJ
WURQJ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ Yu QJj\ QD\ WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӅX ELӃW ÿy Oj EӏD
ÿһW 'R ÿy SKҫQ ÿyQJ JyS FӫD PӝW WUt WKӭF &ӝQJ 6ҧQ /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ
ÿiQJ ÿѭӧF WUkQ WUӑQJ G Fy ÿ{L FKӛ {QJ /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ YүQ FzQ [HP
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6ӵ KuQK WKjQK PӝW FKӑQ OӵD
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230 LONG ĐIỀN

0ӝW Vӕ FKѭѫQJ UӡL FӫD FXӕQ ViFK PӓQJ Qj\ ÿm OҫQ OѭӧW [XҩW KLӋQ
WUrQ WҥS FKt 7K˱ 1Kj ӣ 6jL *zQ YjR QKӳQJ QăP ± PӝW WҥS
FKt ӣ ÒF JӱL YӅ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm ÿѭӧF PӝW Vӕ WKkQ KӳX WҥL 6jL *zQ QKkQ
UD QKLӅX EҧQ ± VDX ÿy ÿm ÿѭӧF WұS KӧS OҥL GѭӟL QKDQ ÿӅ 7ͳ 1JX\͍Q 7̭W
7KjQK ÿ͇Q +͛ &Kt 0LQK YӟL FiL WrQ SKө Oj ³6ӵ KuQK WKjQK PӝW FKӑQ
OӵD´ VDR FKөS QKLӅX ÿӧW SKә ELӃQ QKѭ PӝW WjL OLӋX FKX\ӅQ WD\ ÿѭӧF
QKLӅX QJѭӡL WuP ÿӑF

ĈѭӧF ÿѭD OrQ PҥQJ KҧL QJRҥL ÿӇ GӝL YӅ QӝL ÿӏD FXӕQ ViFK ÿm ÿѭӧF
[HP Oj PӝW ҩQ SKҭP FKӭD ÿӵQJ PӝW WKӭ QӝL GXQJ FKѭD WӯQJ Fy ÿӕL
YӟL FiL NK{QJ JLDQ FKӳ QJKƭD WURQJ QѭӟF OҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ ÿm [XҩW KLӋQ Vӵ
SKr SKiQ PӝW FiFK F{QJ NKDL Yj Fy KӋ WKӕQJ ÿLӅX WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj
Vӵ ³FKӑQ OӵD [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD´ Pj Yӏ OƭQK Wө WӕL FDR FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ ÿѭѫQJ
TX\ӅQ Oj {QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm PDQJ YӅ FKR 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ TXi WUuQK
FKӕQJ FKӫ QJKƭD WKӵF GkQ

'R ÿm TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ ÿӅ WjL Qj\ Wӯ OkX YӟL PӝW ORҥW EjL YLӃW YӅ FKӫ
QJKƭD 0DU[ W{L Fy QKLӅX OҫQ QKҳF ÿӃQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭQJ ê ÿӏQK WuP
KLӇX VkX KѫQ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ KѫQ YӅ TXi WUuQK KuQK WKjQK QrQ Vӵ ³FKӑQ OӵD´ QyL
WUrQ FӫD {QJ ± Wӯ QKӳQJ QJj\ VDQJ 3KiS FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ {QJ YӅ
QѭӟF ± FKӍ Qҭ\ UD YӟL W{L NKL WKҩ\ QKӳQJ QKj ê WKӭF KӋ FӫD ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP EҳW ÿҫX QyL UҩW QKLӅX ÿӃQ ³Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´
ÿӇ ÿӏQK KѭӟQJ FKR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ SKiW WULӇQ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF VDX NKL /LrQ ;{
Ĉ{QJ ÆX VөS ÿә

ĈӕL YӟL QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ QѭӟF OүQ QJRjL QѭӟF DL FNJQJ ELӃW
ÿk\ Oj PӝW YҩQ ÿӅ JDL JyF UҩW GӉ Jk\ QJӝ QKұQ FKLD UӁ 9j Oê GR WKu
TXi U} WX\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm WUӣ WKjQK PӝW QKkQ YұW FӫD TXi NKӭ UӗL
QKѭQJ FiL GL VҧQ QKLӅX PһW Pj {QJ ÿӇ OҥL FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FzQ VӕQJ WKu
YүQ FzQ QJX\rQ GѭӟL QKӳQJ VҳF WKiL QJѭӧF QKDX QKѭ OӱD YӟL QѭӟF 6ӵ
VQJ EiL WKҫQ SKөF WӗQ WҥL VRQJ VRQJ YӟL QKӳQJ QJX\ӅQ UӫD FăP KӡQ
WKiL ÿӝ QjR FNJQJ GLӉQ UD GѭӟL QKӳQJ WUҥQJ WKiL FӵF ÿRDQ GѭӡQJ QKѭ
QJj\ FjQJ QһQJ QӅ KѫQ

&ҧQK JLiF NK{QJ ÿӇ UѫL YjR QKӳQJ WUDQK FmL QJX\ KLӇP ÿy W{L ÿm
WKӱ KӑF WKHR SKѭѫQJ SKiS TXHQ WKXӝF FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKHR WUѭӡQJ
SKiL KjQ OkP ÿӇ FKR QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX QJKLrQ FӭX OrQ WLӃQJ WKD\ FKR Wѭ
ELӋQ 1KӳQJ WjL OLӋX ҩ\ KҫX KӃW Oj WKӭ FҩS Yj FNJQJ FKҷQJ WKҩP YjR
ÿkX QKѭQJ NKL SKr EuQK ÿӕL FKLӃX VR ViQK QKӳQJ Ju WuP ÿѭӧF W{L QKұQ
UD ÿѭӧF WtQK KLӋQ WKӵF UҩW KLӇQ QKLrQ FӫD PӝW Vӕ Vӵ NLӋQ Fy WKӇ ÿtQK
FKtQK ÿѭӧF NKi QKLӅX VDL OҥF YӅ FXӝF ÿӡL Yj Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF OѭX WUX\ӅQ Wӯ WUѭӟF ÿӃQ QD\

1KӳQJ ÿtQK FKtQK ҩ\ EҥQ ÿӑF VӁ WuP WKҩ\ WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK PӓQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 231

Qj\ .K{QJ SKҧL FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW WKXӝF YӅ FXӝF VӕQJ ULrQJ Wѭ
QKӳQJ WuQK KXӕQJ WKăQJ WUҫP WURQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD {QJ Pj TXDQ WUӑQJ
KѫQ KӃW Oj QKӳQJ NӃW TXҧ WLQK WKҫQ FӫD FXӝF GҩQ WKkQ Pj {QJ ÿm ÿHP YӅ
FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF 7{L K\ YӑQJ UҵQJ QKӳQJ ê NLӃQ Pj W{L ÿѭD UD ÿӇ Wìm câu
WUҧ OӡL FKR QKӳQJ FKӫ ÿӅ UӕW UiR ҩ\ YүQ Fy NKҧ QăQJ ÿLӅX FKӍQK OҥL PӝW
Vӕ GLӅX ÿm Eӏ KX\ӉQ KRһF YӅ QKӳQJ FiL JӑL Oj ³F{QJ WӝL´ Pj QJѭӡL WD
ÿm YLHW ÿm QyL YӅ Vӵ QJKLӋS FӫD {QJ

7{L KRjQ WRjQ ê WKӭF ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ JLӟL KҥQ WURQJ F{QJ YLӋF QKӓ Ep
FӫD PuQK 9LӋF QJKLrQ FӭX QJKLrP FKӍQK YӅ YDL WUz OӏFK Vӱ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK YүQ ÿDQJ WLӃS WөF WURQJ JLӟL QJKLrQ FӭX 9ӟL QKӳQJ Wѭ OLӋX WұS
KӧS ÿѭӧF Wӯ QKӳQJ QJXӗQ ÿm Fy W{L FKӍ PRQJ WuP UD PӝW FiFK QKuQ KLӋQ
WKӵF KѫQ YӅ PӝW QKkQ YұW ÿm WӯQJ ÿҭ\ W{L YjR QKӳQJ YzQJ [Ri\ OӏFK Vӱ
GR {QJ WҥR UD NK{QJ SKҧL EҵQJ Vӵ EuQK WKҧQ FӫD Oê WtQK Pj EҵQJ QKӳQJ
V{L EӓQJ FӫD ÿDP Pr Yj KX\ӅQ WKRҥL é ÿӏQK ÿѫQ JLҧQ Qj\ QӃX ÿѭӧF
EҥQ ÿӑF QKұQ UD TXD QKӳQJ WUDQJ YLӃW YӅ QKkQ YұW ҩ\ ÿӕL YӟL W{L WKұW Vӵ
Oj PӝW ÿLӅX PRQJ ѭӟF

1KӳQJ GzQJ ³WKD\ FKR OӡL QyL ÿҫX´ Qj\ W{L YLӃW ULrQJ FKR OҫQ ³WiL
EҧQ´ FXӕQ 7ͳ 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK ÿ͇Q +͛ &Kt 0LQK JӱL ÿăQJ WUên
WDODZDV 0ӝW Vӕ KLӋX ÿtQK VӱD FKӳD FNJQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF WKӵF KLӋQ WURQJ ÿy
Fy WKrP YjR KDL FKѭѫQJ ³3Kө OөF´ YӕQ FNJQJ Oj QKӳQJ EjL UӡL OLrQ KӋ
ÿӃQ FQJ PӝW FKӫ ÿӅ

Sài Gòn, 22.1.2007

/ӳ 3KѭѫQJ
&KѭѫQJ
5D ÿL ³WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF´
NhӳQJ DL TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ WLӇX Vӱ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӅX ELӃW FXӕQ
NhͷQJ P̱X FKX\͏Q Y͉ ÿͥL KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD +͛ &Kͯ W͓FK cӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ
7LrQ YLӃW Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ QD\ LQ ÿL LQ OҥL ÿm Fy Fҧ FKөF OҫQ UӗL &XӕQ
ViFK Qj\ ÿm ÿyQJ YDL WUz KӃW VӭF ÿһF ELӋW ÿӕL YӟL JLӟL QJKLrQ FӭX JLҧQJ
Gҥ\ YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ FKӃ ÿӝ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ÿy ÿӃQ QD\
Qy ÿѭӧF PӑL QJѭӡL FRL QKѭ Oj WiF SKҭP GR FKtQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YLӃW YӅ
PuQK GѭӟL E~W GDQK 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ PӝW WjL OLӋX ÿѭӧF WiF JLҧ JLӟL WKLӋX
QKѭ PӝW ³WLӇX Vӱ WUXQJ WKjQK ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ VLQK ÿӝQJ NK{QJ WKrX GӋW
NK{QJ Ej\ ÿһW´ [1] &XӕQ ViFK Yu WKӃ ÿm WKjQK PӝW QJXӗQ WKDP NKҧR FăQ
EҧQ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKҩW FKR WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK ELrQ NKҧR YӅ +ӗ &Kt
0LQK FiF Vӵ NLӋQ YӅ FXӝF,GӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD {QJ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ
FRL Oj FKtQK [iF NK{QJ WKH QyL NKiF QyL QJѭӧF OҥL
7X\ Yұ\ ÿӑF Nӻ VӁ WKҩ\ ÿy NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW ³WLӇX Vӱ´ ÿ~QJ QJKƭD
1y ÿѭӧF WKӇ KLӋQ WKHR KuQK WKӭF PӝW WKӭ WUX\ӋQ NӇ [2] JLiQ WLӃS PѭӧQ

232 LONG ĐIỀN

QJѭӡL NKiF QyL YӅ PuQK Yj FKӍ QyL QKӳQJ Ju WiF JLҧ FKR Oj FҫQ WKLӃW
FzQ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX UҩW TXDQ WUӑQJ NKiF WKu OҥL ÿѭӧF Fӕ WuQK JLҩX ÿL EҵQJ Nӻ
WKXұW JӑL Oj ³ELӋW WtFK´ NK{QJ U} Oê GR FӫD QKkQ YұW FKtQK 1yL FKXQJ
Oj PӝW FXӕQ ViFK UҩW JҫQ YӟL WKӇ ORҥL JӑL Oj WUX\ӋQ Nê ³QJѭӡL WKұW YLӋF
WKұW´ FKӭD ÿӵQJ NKi QKLӅX QKӳQJ \ӃX Wӕ Kѭ FҩX ÿӇ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ UҩW
WLrX ELӇX WURQJ QӅQ YăQ FKѭѫQJ WX\rQ KXҩQ FiFK PҥQJ Yu Yұ\ QKӳQJ
Vӵ NLӋQ ӣ ÿk\ ÿm NK{QJ FzQ KRjQ WRjQ Oj QKӳQJ FiL Pj FK~QJ WD WKѭӡQJ
JӑL Oj NKiFK TXDQ Vӱ KӑF QӳD

0XӕQ Fy ÿѭӧF FiL QKuQ WUXQJ WKӵF KѫQ YӅ FiF Vӵ NLӋQ WURQJ ÿӡL KRҥW
ÿӝQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK QyL WUrQ WKLӃW WѭӣQJ FK~QJ WD
NK{QJ Fy FiFK QjR NKiF Oj ÿӕL FKLӃX FK~QJ YӟL QKӳQJ QJXӗQ WjL OLӋX
NKiF QKӳQJ QJXӗQ WjL OLӋX Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF JLӟL QJKLrQ FӭX SKiW KLӋQ NKi
SKRQJ SK~ WURQJ VXӕW Pҩ\ FKөF QăP TXD

&K~QJ WD Km\ GӯQJ OҥL ӣ PӝW WKӡL ÿLӇP NKi TXDQ WUӑQJ ÿӕL YӟL FXӝF
ÿӡL FiFK PҥQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ± ÿy Oj FXӝF Eӓ QѭӟF VDQJ 3KiS FӫD
{QJ QăP ± ÿӇ WKӱ OjP F{QJ YLӋF ÿy

³3Kr SKiQ´ WUѭӟF NKL UD ÿL"

7UѭӟF KӃW FK~QJ WD Km\ ÿӑF OҥL ÿRҥQ YăQ QyL YӅ Vӵ NLӋQ UD ÿL QyL
WUrQ WURQJ ³TX\ӇQ WUX\ӋQ´ FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ .KL FzQ Oj QJѭӡL WKLӃX
QLrQ PѭӡL OăP WXәL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

³ÿm VͣP KL͋X EL͇W Yj ṶW ÿDX [yW WU˱ͣF F̫QK WK͙QJ NK͝ FͯD ÿ͛QJ
EjR /~F Ḙ\ JLͥ $QK ÿm Fy FKt ÿX͝L WK͹F GkQ 3KiS JL̫L SKyQJ ÿ͛QJ
EjR $QK ÿm WKDP JLD F{QJ WiF Et P̵W QK̵Q F{QJ YL͏F OLrQ O̩F $QK
NKkP SKͭF FiF Fͭ 3KDQ ĈuQK 3KQJ +RjQJ +RD 7KiP 3KDQ &KX
7ULQK Yj 3KDQ %͡L &KkX QK˱QJ NK{QJ KRjQ WRjQ WiQ WKjQK FiFK OjP
FͯD QJ˱ͥL QjR 9u

&ͭ 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK FK͑ \rX F̯X QJ˱ͥL 3KiS WK͹F KL͏Q F̫L O˱˯QJ
Anh nh̵Q ÿL͉X ÿy Oj VDL O̯P FK̻QJ NKiF Ju ÿ͇Q [LQ JL̿F Uͯ OzQJ WK˱˯QJ

&ͭ 3KDQ %͡L &KkX K\ Y͕QJ 1K̵W JL~S ÿͩ ÿ͋ ÿX͝L 3KiS ĈL͉X ÿy
ṶW QJX\ KL͋P FK̻QJ NKiF Ju ³ÿ˱D K͝ F͵D WU˱ͣF U˱ͣF EHR F͵D VDX´

&ͭ +RjQJ +RD 7KiP FzQ WK͹F W͇ K˯Q Yu WU͹F WL͇S ÿ̭X WUDQK FK͙QJ
3KiS 1K˱QJ WKHR OͥL QJ˱ͥL WD N͋ WKu Fͭ FzQ Q̿QJ F͙W FiFK SKRQJ NL͇Q

$QK WK̭\ U} Yj TX\͇W ÿ͓QK FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ QrQ ÿL &ͭ 3KDQ %͡L &KkX
YjR E̵F FK~ EiF FͯD $QK &ͭ 3KDQ %͡L &KkX PX͙Q ÿ˱D $QK Yj P͡W V͙
WKDQK QLrQ VDQJ 1K̵W 1K˱QJ DQK NK{QJ ÿL´ [3] .

9ұ\ DQK PXӕQ OjP Ju " 0ӝW QKkQ YұW WKXұW OҥL OӡL DQK QKѭ VDX

³7{L PX͙Q ÿL UD QJRjL [HP Q˱ͣF 3KiS Yj FiF Q˱ͣF NKiF 6DX NKL
xem xét h͕ OjP QK˱ WK͇ QjR W{L Vͅ WUͧ Y͉ JL~S ÿ͛QJ EjR FK~QJ WD´ [4] .

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 233

1KӳQJ DL NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QJѭӡL VQJ EiL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NKL ÿӑF WKrP
QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX NKiF VӁ GӉ GjQJ QKұQ UD NKi QKLӅX ÿLӅX FҫQ KLӋX ÿtQK
WURQJ ÿRҥQ YăQ WUrQ ÿk\

a) +ӗ &Kt 0LQK O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ ³ÿm WKDP JLD F{QJ WiF Et PұW QKұQ
F{QJ YLӋF OLrQ OҥF´ .K{QJ Fy EҵQJ Fӟ [iF QKұQ {QJ ÿm OjP QKѭ Yұ\
7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ WiF JLҧ G WKHR NKX\QK KѭӟQJ QjR YLӃW YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
VDX Qj\ FKҷQJ DL

b) ³&ө 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX PXӕQ ÿѭD $QK Yj PӝW Vӕ WKDQK QLrQ VDQJ
NhұW 1KѭQJ $QK NK{QJ ÿL´ .K{QJ ÿ~QJ

³7URQJ FX͙Q K͛L Nê 1ăP PѭѫL EӕQ QăP KҧL QJRҥL FͯD 7U̯Q 7U͕QJ
Kh̷F WͱF 1JX\͍Q 7KͱF &DQK Fy ÿR̩Q 7{L FQJ Fͭ 6jR 1DP ͧ FKXQJ
WURQJ P͡W WKX\͉Q &KtQ P˱ͥL QJj\ VDX O~F FiF ÿ͛QJ FKt ÿm ÿ͇Q K͕S
EjQ E̩F [RQJ Fͭ OrQ ÿ˱ͥQJ UD %̷F W{L FQJ 1J˱ +̫L WLrQ VLQK ÿL FiR
EL͏W YͣL FiFK P̩QJ ÿ͛QJ FKt Yj WuP WKDQK QLrQ [X̭W G˱˯QJ GX K͕F &ͭ
Phó b̫QJ 7KiL 6˯Q ÿ˱˯QJ WKͥL Fy W̿QJ W{L P͡W EjL WK˯ [X̭W QJ{Q WX\͏W
F~ ÿ͋ OjP TXj WL͍Q EL͏W &K~QJ W{L WU˱ͣF WͣL QKj Fͭ 3Ky E̫QJ 1JX\͍Q
6LQK 6̷F Uͯ DQK 1JX\͍Q 6LQK &XQJ ÿ͛QJ ÿL QK˱QJ DQK &XQJ ÿm ÿL UD
B̷F NK{QJ ÿ˱ͫF J̿S´ [5] .

c) .KHQ +RjQJ +RD 7KiP Oj ³WKӵF WӃ Yu WUӵF WLӃS ÿҩX WUDQK FKӕQJ
3KiS´ QKѭQJ OҥL FKR UҵQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX QKӡ 1KұW ÿXәL
3KiS Oj ³FKҷQJ NKiF Ju ÿѭD Kә FӱD WUѭӟF UѭӟF EHR FӱD VDX´ Oj Fӕ ê JiF
TXD ErQ PӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD KDL QKj \rX QѭӟF Qj\ 7UѭӟF NKL TXD 1KұW
3KDQ %ӝL &KkX ÿm WuP JһS Yj PXӕQ GӵD YjR +RjQJ +RD 7KiP ÿӇ [k\
GӵQJ OӵF OѭӧQJ WURQJ QѭӟF &zQ YLӋF ³Ĉ{QJ ÿӝ´ ³FҫX YLӋQ´ FӫD QKj
FKt Vƭ Qj\ QăP WKu ÿy NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW NӃ KRҥFK Wӵ WKkQ Pj
FKӍ ÿӇ SKӕL KӧS YӟL QKӳQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ NKiF WURQJ QѭӟF 7X\ QKLrQ FKӫ
WUѭѫQJ Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿLӅX FKӍQK OҥL Yu NKL VDQJ 1KұW QJKH OӡL NKX\rQ
FӫD /ѭѫQJ .KҧL 6LrX Yj PӝW Vӕ FKtQK NKiFK 1KұW 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX ÿm
FKX\ӇQ VDQJ Fә YNJ SKRQJ WUjR GX KӑF FKӫ WUѭѫQJ Qj\ FNJQJ OҥL
NK{QJ ÿL ÿӃQ ÿkX Yu 1KұW Nê KLӋS ѭӟF YӟL 3KiS FҩP KRҥW ÿӝQJ %ӏ WUөF
[XҩW 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX ÿm SKҧL FQJ FiF ÿӗQJ FKt FKҥ\ VDQJ 7KiL /DQ
7UXQJ 4XӕF [6] &KӍ Fy NKRҧQJ QăP 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX ÿm FKX\ӇQ ÿѭӡQJ
OӕL QKLӅX OҫQ NKL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK VDQJ 3KiS 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX
ÿm ӣ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj ÿm Wӯ TXkQ FKӫ OұS KLӃQ FKX\ӇQ VDQJ ӫQJ Kӝ FӝQJ
KRj NLӇX 7{Q 'ұW 7LrQ UӗL

%ӕQ PѭѫL QăP VDX QKuQ OҥL QKӳQJ Ju ÿm [ҧ\ UD WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF
Pj FKӍ Oҭ\ UD WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR FӫD 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX NKtD FҥQK ³Ĉ{QJ GX
FҫX YLӋQ´ ÿӇ SKr SKiQ Oj UҩW WKLӃX VyW

d) &KR UҵQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FҧL OѭѫQJ FӫD 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK Oj ³VDL OҫP

234 LONG ĐIỀN

FKҷQJ NKiF Ju ÿӃQ [LQ JLһF Uӫ OzQJ WKѭѫQJ´ FNJQJ NK{QJ Fy ê PXӕQ KLӇX
WӟL QѫL WӟL FKӕQ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD QKj FKt Vƭ Qj\ 6ӣ Gƭ 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK
NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ EҥR ÿӝQJ Yu {QJ ÿm WKҩ\ FiL JѭѫQJ FKLӃQ ÿҩX DQK
GNJQJ QKѭQJ WX\ӋW YӑQJ FӫD FiF FKLӃQ Vƭ &ҫQ YѭѫQJ &NJQJ NK{QJ WiQ
WKjQK FKӫ WUѭѫQJ EҥR OӵF FӫD 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX Yu {QJ FKR UҵQJ NKL FKѭD
Fy ÿӫ WKӵF OӵF WKu FKӍ GҳW QKDX YjR FiL FKӃW Y{ tFK

9ҩQ ÿӅ FӭX QѭӟF GR 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK ÿһW UD NK{QJ ÿѫQ WKXҫQ Oj
JLjQK OҥL FKӫ TX\ӅQ Pj SKҧL KLӋQ ÿҥL KRi WKu YҩQ ÿӅ FKӫ TX\ӅQ PӟL JLҧL
TX\ӃW WULӋW ÿӇ ÿѭӧF Yu WKHR {QJ KLӋQ ÿҥL KRi FKtQK Oj QӝL GXQJ FӫD ÿӝF
OұS GkQ WӝF WURQJ WKӡL NǤ PӟL NKiF KҷQ YӟL WKӡL SKRQJ NLӃQ WUѭӟF ÿk\
&iFK ÿһW YҩQ ÿӅ Qj\ FNJQJ NK{QJ NKiF 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX Vӵ NKiF QKDX
FKӍ Oj JLҧL TX\ӃW QKѭ WKӃ QjR YӅ PӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD ÿӝF OұS Yj KLӋQ ÿҥL
KRi 7URQJ NKL Pz PүP FKѭD KLӇX U} FRQ ÿѭӡQJ KLӋQ ÿҥL KRi 3KDQ %ӝL
&KkX ÿһW ѭX WLrQ FKR YLӋF YNJ WUDQJ NKӣL QJKƭD GӵD YjR Fѫ Vӣ Fy VҹQ
FzQ OҥL FӫD SKRQJ WUjR &ҫQ YѭѫQJ SKӕL KӧS YӟL PӝW Vӕ KRҥW ÿӝQJ NKiF

3KDQ &KX 7ULQK WKҩ\ U} WuQK WUҥQJ OҥF KұX WKҩS NpP FӫD [m KӝL
WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ FNJQJ OҥL WKҩ\ SKѭѫQJ WKӭF GQJ EҥR OӵF Oj FKѭD Fy WULӇQ
YӑQJ QrQ ÿm FKӫ WUѭѫQJ JLjQK ѭX WLrQ FKR Vӵ QJKLӋS QkQJ FDR GkQ WUt
KӑF KӓL YăQ KRi GkQ FKӫ VDX ÿy PӟL WӯQJ EѭӟF WtQK FKX\ӋQ JLjQK OҥL
ÿӝF OұS [7] &Kӫ WUѭѫQJ ³ӹ 3KiS FҫX WLӃQ´ FӫD {QJ ÿm GӵD WUrQ QKұQ ÿӏQK
ҩ\ &Kӫ WUѭѫQJ ҩ\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj NK{QJ Fy Fѫ Vӣ WURQJ QѭӟF 3KiS GkQ
FKӫ {QJ ÿm ÿѭӧF NKi ÿ{QJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKXӝF SKH Wҧ ĈҧQJ ;m KӝL
+ӝL 1KkQ TX\ӅQ QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW FҩS WLӃQ WURQJ Eӝ Pi\ FҫP TX\ӅQ FӫD
QѭӟF 3KiS JL~S ÿӥ ӫQJ Kӝ WҥR iS OӵF YӟL FKtQK SKӫ 3KiS ÿzL WKD\
ÿәL FKtQK ViFK WKXӝF ÿӏD ;pW YӅ OkX GjL WUѭӟF WKѭF WӃ QJRDQ Fӕ FӫD
WKӵF GkQ 3KiS QӃX NpR GjL PmL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ҩ\ Fy WKӇ VӁ ÿѭD QKkQ GkQ
YjR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ WKRҧ KLӋS QKѭQJ WURQJ FѫQ WăP WӕL FӫD ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ ÿy
FNJQJ Oj PӝW FiFK WuP ÿѭӡQJ 'QJ Pҩ\ FKӳ ³[LQ JLһF Uӫ OzQJ WKѭѫQJ´
ÿӕL YӟL 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK Oj NK{QJ WKӇ WҩW QKkQ WuQK

H .K{QJ Fy Ju QJKL QJӡ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ PXӕQ ÿL VDQJ 3KiS Yj FiF
QѭӟF NKiF ³[HP [pW Kӑ OjP QKѭ WKӃ QjR´ UӗL ³VӁ WUӣ YӅ JL~S ÿӗQJ EjR
FK~QJ WD´ Oj FKӑQ OӵD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YjR O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ QKѭ FKtQK {QJ
GѭӟL FiL WrQ PӟL Oj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF ÿm [iF QKұQ WURQJ FiF FXӝF WUҧ
OӡL SKӓQJ YҩQ NKL VDQJ 1JD QăP

³.KL W{L ÿ͡ P˱ͥL ED WX͝L O̯Q ÿ̯X WLrQ QJKH ÿ˱ͫF ED FKͷ 3KiS 7͹
GR %uQK ÿ̻QJ %iF iL Ĉ͙L YͣL FK~QJ W{L QJ˱ͥL GD WU̷QJ QjR FNJQJ Oj
QJ˱ͥL 3KiS 1J˱ͥL 3KiS ÿm QyL WK͇ 9j Wͳ WKXͧ ̭\ W{L ṶW PX͙Q OjP
TXHQ YͣL Q͉Q YăQ PLQK 3KiS PX͙Q WuP [HP QKͷQJ Ju ̱Q ÿjQJ VDX
QKͷQJ FKͷ ̭\ 1K˱QJ WURQJ QKͷQJ WU˱ͥQJ K͕F FKR QJ˱ͥL E̫Q [ͱ E͕Q
Pháp d̩\ QJ˱ͥL QK˱ G̩\ FRQ ÝW &K~QJ JḼX NK{QJ FKR QJ˱ͥL Q˱ͣF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 235

W{L [HP ViFK EiR .K{QJ SKҧL FKӍ ViFK FӫD QKӳQJ QKj YăQ PӟL Pj
Fҧ 5RXVVHDX Yj 0RQWHVTXLHX FNJQJ Eӏ FҩP 9ұ\ WKu SKҧL OjP WKӃ QjR
Ek\ JLӡ" 7{L TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WuP FiFK ÿL UD QѭӟF QJRjL´ [8] .

1KѭQJ OӡL OӁ SKiW ELӇX Fy QKLӅX FKӛ TXi FѭӡQJ ÿLӋX VR YӟL NLQK
QJKLӋP Yj QKұQ WKӭF FӫD PӝW WKLӃX QLrQ WXәL *Lҧ Vӱ QKѭ Fy PDQJ
FK~W ѭX Wѭ FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL WUҿ WXәL VӟP ELӃW TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ WKӡL FXӝF WKu
ÿy YүQ FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ QJKƭ QJӧL EkQJ NKXkQJ QKӳQJ FҧP QKұQ Fy WtQK
FKҩW WUӵF JLiF WUѭӟF WuQK WUҥQJ EӃ WҳF FKXQJ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF NK{QJ Fy Oê
OXұQ Ju ÿӇ Fy WKӇ JӑL Oj FDR KѫQ QKӳQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿҩX WUDQK FӫD FiF Yӏ
WLӅQ EӕL 0ӟL Gӵ ÿӏQK ÿL UD QJRjL ³[HP´ QJѭӡL WD OjP Ju QJKƭD Oj FKѭD
WKҩ\ Ju FKѭD ELӃW Ju WKu OjP VDR Fy WKӇ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK FKX\ӋQ Qj\ FKX\ӋQ
Qӑ" &y Ju EҧR ÿҧP UҵQJ Fӭ SKҧL VDQJ ÆX FKkX QJѭӡL WD PӟL WuP UD
SKѭѫQJ FiFK ³JL~S ÿӥ ÿӗQJ EjR´" 9ҧ OҥL QӝL GXQJ FӫD Pҩ\ FKӳ ³JL~S
ÿӥ ÿӗQJ EjR´ O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ ÿm Fy Ju U} UӋW Fy Ju JӑL Oj YѭӧW WUӝL ÿӇ Fy WKӇ
Wӵ FKR PuQK ÿӭQJ ÿѭӧF ӣ Yӏ WUt FDR KѫQ ÿӇ JӑL Oj ³SKr SKiQ´ [9] FiF EұF
FKD FK~" ĈRҥQ WUrQ +&0 FKӍ PXӕQ Wӵ ÿӅ FDR PuQK EҵQJ FiFK FKr FiF
QKj &iFK 0ҥQJ FKkQ FKtQK /Ĉ

³3Kr SKiQ´ VDX NKL UD ÿL"

&K~QJ WD Km\ Fӭ JLҧ ÿӏQK WKHR OӡL OӁ FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ FKR UҵQJ
FKӫ WUѭѫQJ VDQJ 3KiS ÿӇ ³[HP´ QJѭӡL WD OjP Ju UӗL ³VӁ YӅ JL~S ÿӗQJ
EjR´ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿiQJ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj ³FRQ ÿѭӡQJ QrQ ÿL´ WKu
ÿLӅX ÿy WKұW Vӵ FNJQJ FKҷQJ Fy Ju Oj PӟL Pҿ VR YӟL QKӳQJ FKӑQ OӵD FӫD
WLӅQ EӕL ËW QKҩW Oj ÿӕL YӟL QJѭӡL WLӅQ EӕL UҩW WKkQ FұQ YӟL JLD ÿuQK FӫD
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Oj SKy EҧQJ 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK 1JѭӧF KҷQ OҥL QKӳQJ
OXұQ ÿLӋX JӑL Oj ³SKr SKiQ FKD FK~´ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL VQJ EiL +ӗ &Kt
0LQK FK~QJ WD ÿm Fy UҩW QKLӅX WjL OLӋX FKӭQJ PLQK UҵQJ VXӕW Fҧ PӝW
WKӡL JLDQ GjL Wӯ WURQJ QѭӟF ÿӃQ VDX NKL UD QJRjL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK O~F ҩ\ ÿm
KRjQ WRjQ SKө WKXӝF YjR 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK YӅ Vӵ EҧR WUӧ Yj Fҧ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL

D %j 3KDQ 7Kӏ 0LQK FKiX QJRҥL FӫD 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK ÿm ÿѭӧF
{QJ 9NJ .Ǥ WKѭ Nê ULrQJ FӫD {QJ +ӗ Wӯ &iFK PҥQJ 7KiQJ 7iP [iF
QKұQ Vӵ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ +ӗ YӅ PӕL TXDQ KӋ FӫD PuQK YӟL 3KDQ &KX
7ULQK QKѭ VDX

³0uQK EL͇W &ͭ Wͳ WURQJ Q˱ͣF ṶW VͣP Yu &ͭ Oj E̩Q WKkQ FͯD FKD
PuQK 6DQJ 3KiS Oj G͹D YjR &ͭ ÿ͋ V͙QJ Yj KR̩W ÿ͡QJ &ͭ 3KDQ ÿm JL~S
PuQK ṶW QKL͉X WK͹F V͹ Oj QJ˱ͣL ÿͩ ÿ̯X PuQK WURQJ P͡W WKͥL JLDQ GjL
NKL PuQK ͧ 3DULV ´ [10]

ÐQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ FNJQJ FKR ELӃW QKӳQJ ÿLӅX WѭѫQJ Wӵ

³7{L ÿm ÿ˱ͫF %iF +͛ QyL QKL͉X Y͉ Fͭ 3KDQ %iF FKR EL͇W Fͭ ÿm TXê
Yj JL~S %iF QKL͉X 7U˱ͣF NKL OrQ ÿ˱ͥQJ ÿL 3KiS ÿm ÿ˱ͫF Fͭ K˱ͣQJ

236 LONG ĐIỀN

G̳Q 1K̵Q P͡W F{QJ YL͏F WKͥL ÿy FKR Oj WK̭S NpP ÿ͋ G͍ TXD P̷W P̵W
WKiP G͍ UD ÿL FNJQJ Oj WKHR ê &ͭ 6DQJ 3KiS Oj WL͇S [~F QJD\ YͣL &ͭ
4XDQ K͏ %iF YͣL &ͭ ṶW J̯Q JNJL WKkQ WKL͇W QK˱ UX͡W WK͓W ĈL [D VDQJ 0Ϳ
KD\ ͧ $QK %iF ÿ͉X YL͇W WK˱ FKR &ͭ Yj QK̵Q ÿ˱ͫF WK˱ &ͭ SK~F ÿiS ÿ͉X
ÿ̿Q 7K˱ YL͇W SK̫L WK̵W Y̷Q W̷W Yu P̵W WKiP WKHR G}L FK̿W QK˱QJ Fy G͓S Oj
WUDQK WKͯ ÿ͇Q J̿S &ͭ ÿ͋ ÿ˱ͫF EjQ E̩F Yj G̿Q Gz P͕L YL͏F ĈL QăP FKkX
E͙Q EL͋Q ÿ͋ Pͧ U͡QJ NL͇Q WKͱF K͕F QKL͉X QJR̩L QJͷ ÿ͕F ViFK QKL͉X
giao ti͇S U͡QJ Oj QKͷQJ ÿL͉X &ͭ ṶW WkP ÿ̷F Yj NKX\͇Q NKtFK ´ [11] .

&ăQ Fӭ YjR QKӳQJ OӡL FKӭQJ QKұQ WUrQ ÿk\ Ej 3KDQ 7Kӏ 0LQK ÿm
NKҷQJ ÿӏQK FiL JLҧ WKX\ӃW Pj FiF QKj QJKLrQ FӭX WUѭӟF ÿk\ ÿѭD UD YӅ
YLӋF {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ FQJ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm NӏS JһS &ө
3KDQ WҥL 0ӻ 7KR QѫL &ө Eӏ TXҧQ FKӃ VDX NKL Wӯ &{Q ĈҧR YӅ KRһF WҥL
6jL *zQ WUѭӟF NKL Fө 3KDQ VDQJ 3KiS ÿӇ EjQ EҥF NӃ KRҥFK UD ÿL FӫD
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK [12] .K{QJ KӅ Fy GҩX KLӋX Ju FKӭQJ Wӓ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW
7KjQK ÿm ³KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ WiQ WKjQK´ FiFK OjP FӫD Fө 3KDQ QKѭ ViFK
FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ ÿm YLӃW 6DX NKL FѭyS ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ +&0
PXӕQ SKӫL VҥFK FKr VҥFK FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FNJ FӫD FKtQK +&0 QKҵP ÿiQK
EyQJ PuQK TXD WiF JLҧ QJө\ WҥR 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ /Ĉ

E %j 3KDQ 7Kӏ 0LQK FNJQJ FKR ELӃW UҵQJ NKL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK
VDQJ 3KiS JKp FҧQJ /H +DYUH NKRҧQJ QJj\ GR WjX FҫQ VӱD FKӳD
Fy WKӇ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm YӅ 3DULV FiFK /H +DYUH NKRҧQJ NP
WKăP 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK QKkQ ÿy JһS %L .ӹ Oj QJѭӡL TXHQ FNJ [13] ± YӅ VDX
VӁ Oj WKѭ Nê FӫD +ӝL ĈӗQJ EjR 7KkQ iL GR 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK Yj 3KDQ 9ăQ
7UѭѫQJ OұS UD QăP ± Yj Fy WKӇ ӣ ÿk\ {QJ Qj\ ÿm JӧL ê Yj WKҧR Oi
ÿѫQ [LQ YjR KӑF QӝL WU~ (FROH &RORQLDOH FKR 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK FKpS
OҥL WҥL 0DUVHLOOH QJj\ Yj JӱL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 3KiS WURQJ ÿy Fy
QKӳQJ GzQJ VDX ÿk\

³+L͏Q W{L ÿDQJ OjP YL͏F FKR KmQJ &RPSDJQLH GHV &KDUJHXUV
Réunis (tàu Amiral Latouche 7UpYLOOH ÿ͋ VLQK V͙QJ

7{L KRjQ WRjQ WU̷QJ WD\ QK˱QJ ṶW KDP PX͙Q K͕F K͗L Ĉ͙L YͣL ÿ͛QJ
EjR W{L W{L PRQJ PX͙Q WUͧ QrQ KͷX tFK FKR Q˱ͣF 3KiS ÿ͛QJ WKͥL Fy WK͋
OjP FKR K͕ K˱ͧQJ ÿ˱ͫF QKͷQJ OͫL tFK FͯD K͕F Y̭Q´ [14] .

&y QKLӅX ê NLӃQ QJѭӧF QKDX YӅ Oi ÿѫQ Qj\ QJѭӡL WKu FKR UҵQJ
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK O~F ÿҫX Yu FKѭD Fy ê ÿӏQK OjP FiFK PҥQJ QrQ ÿm WtQK
ÿL OjP FKR 3KiS Yj FKӍ ÿL OjP FiFK PҥQJ Yu NK{QJ ÿѭӧF ÿL OjP FKR
3KiS QJѭӡL OҥL FKR UҵQJ O~F ÿy Yu ÿm Fy ê ÿӏQK OjP FiFK PҥQJ UӗL QrQ
NguyӉQ WҩW 7KjQK ÿm FKӫ ÿӝQJ ³FKXL´ YjR 7UѭӡQJ 7KXӝF ÿӏD ÿӇ ³[k\
GӵQJ SKRQJ WUjR \rX QѭӟF QJD\ WURQJ OzQJ WKӵF GkQ´ 7X\ Yұ\ SKҫQ
ÿ{QJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL QJKLrQ FӭX ÿӅX FKR UҵQJ Oi ÿѫQ WUrQ ÿk\ ÿm SKҧQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 237

iQK FKӫ WUѭѫQJ UҩW U} FӫD 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK SKҧL KӑF YăQ KRi NKDL ViQJ
Yj GkQ FKӫ FӫD 3KiS ÿӇ FDQK WkQ ÿҩW QѭӟF eFROH &RORQLDOH Oj WUѭӡQJ
KӑF NK{QJ SKҧL ÿӇ WUDR GӗL NLӃQ WKӭF Pj ÿy Oj WUѭӡQJ KӑF UD ÿӇ OjP EӗL
FKR 7KӵF 'kQ FDL WUӏ GkQ 91 EҧQ [ӭ Pj WK{L /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ ELӃW U} QKѭQJ
YLӃW QKҽ ÿL FKӛ Qҫ\ QKҵP EDR FKH FKR +&0 /Ĉ

F 6DX WKӡL JLDQ WKHR WjX ÿL FiF QѫL ÿӃQ QăP GӯQJ OҥL ӣ $QK
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK YүQ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ OLrQ KӋ YӟL QKyP {QJ 3KDQ &KX
7ULQK 3KDQ 9ăQ 7UѭӡQJ 1JRjL QKӳQJ FKX\ӋQ NLӃP VӕQJ KӑF WLӃQJ
$QK TXDQ WkP FK~W tW ÿӃQ &KLӃQ WUDQK 7KӃ JLӟL OҫQ WKӭ QKҩW VҳS Qә UD
NK{QJ WKҩ\ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK FKR ELӃW ÿm WuP UD PӝW FiL Ju PӟL KѫQ ÿӇ
WUDQK FmL YӟL 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK [15] 6ӵ WUDQK FmL FKӍ [ҧ\ UD VDX Qj\ NKL Wӯ
Anh trӣ OҥL 3KiS O~F 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm WUӣ WKjQK 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF
Yj FNJQJ FKӍ [ҧ\ UD VDX NKL PDQJ WrQ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF PӝW WKӡL JLDQ NKi
GjL 6ӵ EҩW ÿӗQJ ÿy QKѭ WKӃ QjR FK~QJ WD VӁ Fy GӏS QyL ÿӃQ KLӋQ JLӡ
TXD QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX WUrQ FK~QJ WD Fy WKӇ NӃW OXұQ ÿѭӧF Pҩ\ ÿLӅX YӅ FXӝF
UD ÿL FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WKӡL FzQ PDQJ WrQ Oj 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK QKѭ VDX
x 7UѭӟF NKL UD ÿL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK FKѭD Fy ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ KLӇX ELӃW

YѭӧW WUӝL QjR ÿӇ JӑL Oj ³SKr SKiQ´ KRһF ³SKӫ ÿӏQK´ FiF SKѭѫQJ
SKiS WUDQK ÿҩX FӫD FiF Yӏ WLӅQ EӕL

x 1JѭӡL WKDQK QLrQ ҩ\ FKӍ PӟL Fy ê ÿӏQK VDQJ 3KiS [HP [pW Yj KӑF
KӓL QKѭQJ FKѭD KӑF ÿѭӧF Ju Yj [HP ÿѭӧF Ju ÿӇ Fy WKӇ QyL YӅ
QKӳQJ FKX\ӋQ TXDQ WUӑQJ KѫQ EҧQ WKkQ

x 6ӵ FKӑQ OӵD ҩ\ FNJQJ ÿm EҳW QJXӗQ Wӯ Vӵ NKX\rQ QKӫ FKӍ YӁ VҳS
[ӃS FӫD 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK ÿѭӧF 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK JL~S ÿӥ Yj FQJ
KRҥW ÿӝQJ WURQJ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ GjL
5D ÿL NK{QJ ³SKr SKiQ´
&y WKӇ QyL FXӝF UD ÿL KLӋQ WKӵF FӫD 1JX\ӉQ WҩW 7KjQK Oj PӝW FXӝF UD

ÿL Pj SKҫQ OӟQ Vӵ ÿӏQK KѭӟQJ EDQ ÿҫX NK{QJ SKҧL GR PuQK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK
YӟL PӝW ê WKӭF SKӫ QKұQ PӑL FiL ÿm Fy PӝW FiFK TX\ӃW OLӋW ViQJ VXӕW
QKѭ ³TX\ӇQ WUX\ӋQ´ FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ ÿm YLӃW Yj ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ QKà sùng
EiL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NKDL WKiF &XӝF UD ÿL ҩ\ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӏQK KѭӟQJ WKHR PӝW
FRQ ÿѭӡQJ ÿm FNJ Yj ÿy FKtQK Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ ³7k\ GX´ NLӇX 3KDQ &KX
7ULQK 1KѭQJ Fy PӝW \ӃX Wӕ NKiF FNJQJ ÿm JyS SKҫQ NK{QJ NpP TXDQ
WUӑQJ ÿӇ WҥR QrQ NӏFK EҧQ UD ÿL Qj\ Oj Vӵ JyS VӭF FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK
+X\ WKkQ SKө FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK

D 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ ÿұX SKy EҧQJ QăP YjR +XӃ QKұP
FKӭF WKӯD ELӋQ %ӝ /Ӊ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP WUL KX\ӋQ %uQK .Kr WӍQK %ình
ĈӏQK QKѭQJ FKӍ WKiQJ VDX WKiQJ WKu Eӏ EmL FKӭF Yj Eӏ WULӋX

238 LONG ĐIỀN

KӗL YӅ +XӃ /ê GR WKHR 6ӣ PұW WKiP {QJ ÿm XӕQJ UѭӧX VD\ Yj ÿiQK
FKӃW QJѭӡL

1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ SKҧQ EiF WKӯD QKұQ Fy ÿiQK PӝW W QKkQ QKѭQJ
FKR UҵQJ FiL FKӃW NK{QJ SKҧL GR URL FӫD {QJ WX\ WKӃ GR [pW QJKLӋP
FKR ELӃW QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿiQK ÿm SKiW EӋQK Pj FKӃW QrQ {QJ YүQ Eӏ JLiQJ EӕQ
FҩS Yj EmL FKӭF 6ӵ QJKLӋS WDQ Yӥ {QJ [LQ YjR 1DP Wӯ ÿy YӅ VDX OѭX
OҥF Uj\ ÿk\ PDL ÿy NLӃP VӕQJ EҵQJ ÿӫ WKӭ QJKӅ NKL YLӃW FkX ÿӕL Gҥ\
FKӳ 1KR O~F EӕF WKXӕF OjP FDL ÿӗQ ÿLӅQ ÿm WӯQJ ÿL Eӝ OrQ ĈӃ WKLrQ
ĈӃ WKtFK ӣ &DPEӕW QKѭQJ OҥL NK{QJ EDR JLӡ WUӣ YӅ +XӃ Yj YӅ TXr FNJQJ
FKҷQJ EDR JLӡ JһS OҥL FRQ FiL &XӕL FQJ GӯQJ OҥL WҥL OjQJ +Rj $Q WӍQK
&DR /mQK WUѭӟF NKL FKӃW ÿm Eӏ PұW WKiP QJKL QJӡ Fy JLD QKұS PӝW
WKӭ Wә FKӭF WKҫQ Et QjR ÿy PDQJ WrQ Oj 7KLrQ ÿӏD +ӝL

+uQK ҧQK WKӵF WӃ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ TXD QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX GR '
+pPHU\ F{QJ Eӕ [16] WUrQ ÿk\ NK{QJ KRjQ WRjQ Oê WѭӣQJ QKѭ QJѭӡL WD ÿm
YӁ UD .Ki WKkQ FұQ YӟL QKӳQJ QKj QKR WLrX ELӇX WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR 'X\
7kQ Ĉ{QJ GX Eҩ\ JLӡ Eӏ PұW WKiP WKHR G}L QKѭQJ OҥL NK{QJ Eӏ OLӋW YjR
FiF SKҫQ Wӱ QJX\ KLӇP GR OӁ {QJ NK{QJ WUӵF WLӃS GtQK OtX ÿӃQ FiF Wә
FKӭF FKӕQJ ÿӕL .K{QJ WKHR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ Wӯ TXDQ WUDQK ÿҩX FӫD QKӳQJ
EҥQ ÿӗQJ NKRD QKѭ 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK 1J{ ĈӭF .Ӄ {QJ YүQ FKҩS QKұQ
ÿL YjR JXӗQJ Pi\ FDL WUӏ WKXӝF ÿӏD PӝW FiFK PLӉQ FѭӥQJ FXӕL FQJ Fy
OӁ GR EXӗQ FKiQ Pj WUӣ QrQ VD V~W [17] {QJ ÿm Wӵ JҥW PuQK UD NKӓL FiL
FiL JXӗQJ Pi\ TXDQ OҥL FXӕL PD ÿӇ VӕQJ PӝW FXӝF VӕQJ JLDQJ Kӗ F{
ÿӝF [18]

E ҦQK KѭӣQJ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ YӟL QJѭӡL FRQ WKӭ ED FӫD PuQK
UD VDR FK~QJ WD NK{QJ ELӃW U} 1KѭQJ Fy ÿLӅX FKҳF FKҳQ Oj YLӋF Eӏ EmL
FKӭF FӫD {QJ FNJQJ ÿm NpR 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WKHR FQJ Vӕ SKұQ YӟL
PuQK DQK NK{QJ FzQ NKҧ QăQJ WLӃS WөF WKHR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ KӑF YҩQ NLӇX
³3KiS EҧQ [ӭ´ ÿӇ VDX Qj\ JLD QKұS YjR JXӗQJ Pi\ FDL WUӏ FӫD WKӵF
GkQ GѭӟL PӝW KuQK WKӭF PӟL WURQJ FKtQK ViFK NKDL WKiF WKXӝF ÿӏD ÿm
TXD WKӡL EuQK ÿӏQK &y WKӇ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK FKѭD FKҳF ÿm ÿL YjR TXӻ
ÿҥR ÿy QKѭQJ JLҧ Vӱ QKѭ DQK FzQ JLӳ ÿѭӧF ê ÿӏQK ³JL~S ÿӥ ÿӗQJ EjR´
WKu DQK VӁ OjP Ju YӟL Pӟ NLӃQ WKӭF NLӇX WKXӝF ÿӏD Pj DQK ÿm WKX OѭӧP
ÿѭӧF" &y WKӇ DQK VӁ Eӓ KӑF ÿӇ OjP FiFK PҥQJ FӝQJ VҧQ QKѭQJ DL VӁ
WKD\ DQK ÿyQJ YDL 1JX\ӉQ 1JѭӡL <rX 1ѭӟF ÿӇ OLrQ KӋ YӟL ĈӋ WDP
4XӕF WӃ Yj OLӋX Fy [XҩW KLӋQ ÿѭӧF PӝW PүX QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP
QjR ÿy QKѭ DQK" 7KұW NKy WUҧ OӡL

1KѭQJ FNJQJ UҩW PD\ QKӳQJ FkX KӓL JLҧ ÿӏQK ҩ\ ÿm NK{QJ Fy Fѫ Vӣ
ÿӇ ÿһW UD &y OӁ ÿӇ FKXӝF OҥL OӛL OҫP {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ ÿm ÿһF ELӋW
TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Yj ÿm NK{QJ ÿӇ DQK SKҧL EѭѫQ FKҧL
mӝW Pình. Nhѭ FK~QJ WD ÿã biӃW VDX NKL Eӏ FiFK FKӭF YӅ TXê xin phép

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 239

YjR 1DP ÿӇ ³WuP NӃ VLQK QKDL´ QJKH WLQ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Wӯ 4X\
1KѫQ [19] YjR 6jL *zQ {QJ ÿm [RD\ [ӣ ÿL WKHR Yj Fy OӁ ÿm GүQ ÿѭӧF
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿӃQ JһS 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK WUѭӟF NKL {QJ Qày sang
3KiS WKiQJ ÐQJ WU{QJ ÿӧL Ju QѫL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK TXD Vӵ
JӱL JҳP Qj\ YӟL 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK" &NJQJ GR {QJ ELӃW U} ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD
QJѭӡL EҥQ ÿӗQJ NKRD FӫD {QJ Oj QKѭ WKӃ QjR FKҳF KҷQ {QJ VӁ NK{QJ
WKӇ QjR WѭӣQJ WѭӧQJ UD ÿѭӧF PӝW QJj\ QjR ÿy QJѭӡL FRQ FӫD {QJ OҥL WUӣ
WKjQK PӝW QKkQ YұW QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF 9ӟL WtQK FiFK FӫD {QJ Fy
WKӇ VX\ QJKƭ VDX ÿk\ NK{QJ VDL Vӵ WKұW OҳP WKLӃX Ju FiFK GQJ KӑF YҩQ
FӫD PuQK ÿӇ JL~S ÿӥ ÿӗQJ EjR ÿkX QKҩW WKLӃW SKҧL OjP FiFK PҥQJ"
' VDR {QJ FNJQJ ÿm JyS SKҫQ ÿҭ\ UD SKtD WUѭӟF PӝW QJѭӡL FRQ VDX
Qj\ ÿm ÿL [D KѫQ NǤ YӑQJ FӫD {QJ UҩW QKLӅX

F 9Ӆ SKҫQ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ WKu ÿLӅX Pj FK~QJ WD ELӃW
ÿѭӧF WѭѫQJ ÿӕL U} Oj VXӕW PӝW WKӡL JLDQ GjL DQK OX{Q OX{Q QKӟ ÿӃQ FKD
Yj Fӕ JҳQJ WKӵF KLӋQ QKӳQJ PRQJ ÿӧL FӫD FKD NKL JӱL JҳP DQK FKR
Phan Chu Trinh.

&K~QJ WD ÿm ELӃW Oi ÿѫQ FӫD DQK JӱL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 3KiS QJj\
[LQ ÿѭӧF YjR KӑF (FROH &RORQLDOH YӟL ѭӟF PXӕQ YӯD Fy tFK
FKR QѭӟF 3KiS YӯD OjP OӧL FKR ÿӗQJ EjR PuQK ĈLӅX FK~QJ WD FҫQ
ELӃW WKrP Oj VDX NKL JӱL EӭF WKѭ ÿy 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm WKHR WjX WUӣ
YӅ 9LӋW 1DP TXD KjQK WUuQK 0DUVHLOOH±6jL *zQ±+ҧL 3KzQJ±6jL *zQ–
0DUVHLOOH±/H +DYUH 7ҥL 6jL *zQ DQK ÿm JӱL WKѭ FKR DQK Oj {QJ &ҧ
Khiêm (NguyӉQ 6LQK .KkP KRһF 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW ĈҥW O~F ҩ\ ÿDQJ JL~S
YLӋF YһW WҥL .KkP Vӭ 7UXQJ .Ǥ QKӡ YұQ ÿӝQJ [LQ Yào Ecole Coloniale.
ÐQJ .KLrP ÿm JӱL WKѭ OrQ 7RjQ TX\ӅQ $OEHUW 6DUUDXW Yj WKѭ Qj\ ÿѭӧF
FKX\ӇQ YӅ .KkP Vӭ 7UXQJ .Ǥ 9j QKѭ PӑL QJѭӡL Fy WKӇ ÿRiQ .KkP
Vӭ 7UXQJ .Ǥ ÿm WUҧ OӡL 7RjQ TX\ӅQ Ĉ{QJ GѭѫQJ YӟL Oê GR EiF Eӓ QKѭ
VDX PXӕQ YjR (FROH &RORQLDOH SKҧL ÿDQJ KӑF ӣ WKXӝF ÿӏD Yj FKӍ QKӳQJ
WKDQK QLrQ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ WURQJ KjQJ QJNJ TXDQ OҥL FDR FҩS PӟL ÿѭӧF FKӑQ
[20] 4XD Vӵ NKҭQ NKRҧQ Qj\ FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ TX\ӃW WkP PXӕQ WuP PӝW
FKӛ KӑF QKҩW ÿӏQK ÿӇ әQ ÿӏQK FXӝF VӕQJ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Oj
QKѭ WKӃ QjR ĈRҥQ Qҫ\ ÿm FKӭQJ PLQK U} QpW QKҩW FiL WkP WUҥQJ
PRQJ PXӕQ SKөF Yө WKӵF GkQ 3KiS FӫD +&0 /Ĉ

6ӵ TXDQ WkP OR OҳQJ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK YӟL FKD FNJQJ UҩW ÿiQJ
FK~ ê YӟL FiFK WKӭF ÿһF ELӋW FӫD DQK &NJQJ WҥL 6jL *zQ QKkQ FKX\ӃQ YӅ
QѭӟF QyL WUrQ [21] FQJ YӟL YLӋF JӱL WKѭ FKR 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK .KkP QKӡ
YұQ ÿӝQJ YjR (FROH &RORQLDOH QJj\ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7Kành
FNJQJ ÿm JӱL WKѭ FKR .KkP Vӭ 7UXQJ NǤ [LQ QKӡ FKX\ӇQ PDQGDW
ÿӗQJ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ FKR FKD Yu FKD DQK NK{QJ WKӇ QKұQ PDQGDW WUӵF
WLӃS ÿѭӧF [22] .

240 LONG ĐIỀN

6XӕW WKӡL JLDQ OjP YLӋF WUrQ WjX ÿL ÿk\ ÿy QKѭQJ QӛL OR OҳQJ YӅ FKD
YүQ OjP 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK EӭW UӭW NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ JӱL WLӅQ JL~S DQK
FzQ Fy ê [LQ FKtQK TX\ӅQ WKXӝF ÿӏD SKөF FKӭF KRһF WuP YLӋF FKR FKD
QӳD %ҧQ NKDL FӫD %L 4XDQJ &KLrX YӟL 0ұW WKiP 6jL *zQ QJj\
Fy QyL ÿӃQ YLӋF {QJ JһS 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK PDQJ WrQ 9ăQ %D
WUrQ WjX /DWRXFKH 7UpYLOOH {QJ QyL ÿm TXrQ WrQ QKѭ VDX

³$QK ÿDQJ OjP YL͏F WUrQ WjX $QK ÿ͇Q J̿S W{L Yu W{L WͳQJ Oj JLiR V˱
Q{QJ QJKL͏S G̩\ FKD DQK W̩L +X͇ NKR̫QJ $QK QyL YͣL W{L
U̹QJ O̯Q ÿ̯X WLrQ DQK VDQJ 3KiS PͭF ÿtFK Oj ÿ͋ NKL͇X Q̩L FKR FKD DQK
Y͉ YL͏F {QJ YͳD PͣL E͓ EmL FKͱF $QK PX͙Q ÿ͇Q ͧ QKj WKX\͉Q WU˱ͧQJ
Do KXX &KDQ " ÿDQJ F{QJ WiF W̩L 0DUVHLOOH YͣL W˱ FiFK Oj QJ˱ͥL
giúp vi͏F QKj FKR {QJ ÿ͋ QKͥ {QJ JL~S ÿͩ WURQJ YL͏F NKL͇X Q̩L ÿy´ [23] .

1Jj\ NKL TXD 0ӻ WKѭ JӱL .KkP Vӭ +XӃ EiR UҵQJ
WURQJ ED FiL PDQGDW JӱL FKD DQK FKӍ QKұQ ÿѭӧF PӝW WKѭ WUҧ OӡL ҩ\ Oj
QKӡ GR OҫQ ҩ\ PDQGDW ÿm ÿѭӧF FKtQK .KkP Vӭ FKX\ӇQ WUӵF WLӃS /ҫQ
Qj\ DQK PXӕQ JӱL WLӅQ KjQJ WKiQJ FKR FKD FNJQJ QKӡ .KkP Vӭ JL~S ÿӥ
Yj QKkQ ÿy [LQ .KkP Vӭ WuP YLӋF OjP FKR FKD QӳD 7URQJ WKѭ Fy QKӳQJ
ÿRҥQ OӡL OӁ QKѭ VDX

³ÐL +RjQ F̫QK FͯD W{L JD\ JR EL͇W EDR 6͙QJ TXi [D FKD Ṕ ṶW
KL͇P QK̵Q ÿ˱ͫF WLQ WͱF FͯD K͕ PX͙Q JL~S ÿͩ K͕ Pj NK{QJ EL͇W OjP VDR

7K{L WK~F EͧL WuQK \rX FͯD ÿͱD FRQ W{L GiP [LQ 1JjL YXL OzQJ WKX̵Q
FKR FKD W{L P͡W F{QJ YL͏F QK˱ Oj WKͳD EL͏Q ͧ FiF %͡ KD\ +X̭Q ÿ̩R JLiR
WK˱ " ÿ͋ G˱ͣL W̭P OzQJ QKkQ K̵X FDR F̫ FͯD 1JjL {QJ ̭\ Fy ÿ˱ͫF
N͇ VLQK QKDL´ [24] Ĉk\ Oj NKҭX NKt FӫD PӝW WrQ PXӕQ OjP EӗL FKR 7k\
FKD FRQ ÿӗQJ PӝW OzQJ SKөF Yө FKR WKӵF GkQ 3KiS /Ĉ

&y PӝW FKL WLӃW ÿiQJ OѭX ê GѭӟL WKѭ Nê Oj ³3DXO 7DWWKDQK´ 3RVWH
UHVWDQWH UXH $PLUDO &RXUEHW ± /H +DYUH 7rQ ³3DXO´ Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Vӱ GөQJ OҥL Fy ELӃQ GҥQJ ÿL PӝW FK~W JӑL Oj ³3DXO
7KjQK´ WURQJ PӝW EӭF WKѭ Wӯ $QK YLӃW FKR 7RjQ TX\ӅQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ
ÿӅ QJj\ TXD OmQK Vӵ $QK WҥL 6jL *zQ QKӡ FKX\ӇQ FKR FKD
QKѭQJ NK{QJ ÿӃQ WD\ Yu NK{QJ WuP ÿѭӧF ÿӏD FKӍ [25] .

4XD WKѭ JӱL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 3KiS [LQ YjR KӑF (FROH &RORQLDOH FiF WKѭ
JӱL .KkP Vӭ +XӃ KRһF 7RjQ TX\ӅQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ QKӡ OLrQ OҥF FKX\ӇQ
WLӅQ Yj WuP YLӋF FKR FKD WrQ Nê Fy O~F Oj ³3DXO 7DWWKDQK´ Wӯ 0ӻ
Fy O~F Oj ³3DXO 7KjQK´ Wӯ $QK FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ QѫL Vӵ UD ÿL FӫD
QJѭӡL FRQ WKӭ ED FӫD {QJ SKy EҧQJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ PӝW FXQJ FiFK
ӭQJ [ӱ FKѭD Fy Ju JӑL ÿѭӧF ³FiFK PҥQJ´ Fҧ /ê WѭӣQJ ÿL KӑF ÿӇ YӅ JL~S
ÿӗQJ EjR WKHR FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK FKѭD Fy ÿLӅX NLӋQ ÿӇ EұW
OrQ WKjQK PөF ÿtFK FKӫ \ӃX FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF GkQ FKѭD WKjQK ÿӕL WѭӧQJ Wӕ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 241

FiR ÿҧ NtFK NK{QJ NKRDQ QKѭӧQJ WuQK QKj FzQ ÿq OrQ WkP Wѭ QһQJ QӅ
FXӝF PѭX VLQK FӫD PӝW WKDQK QLrQ [D [ӭ FNJQJ NK{QJ NpP SKҫQ EӭF
xúc...

1yL FKXQJ DQK Oj PӝW Nҿ PӟL YjR ÿӡL WX\ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKkQ
KѭӟQJ GүQ ÿӇ ÿL [D QKѭQJ WURQJ QKӳQJ QJj\ NKӣL ÿҫX FӫD FXӝF KjQK
WUuQK Qj\ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK YүQ FKѭD [iF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧF PӝW Yӏ WUt QjR WKұW
U} UӋW YӅ FXӝF VӕQJ WѭѫQJ ODL FKR PuQK &KӭQJ Fӟ QKѭ Yұ\ Pj FiF Vӱ
JLD &691 Fӭ NKHQ Oj +&0 ÿL WuP FRQ ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF WKұW Oj WUѫ WUҿQ
ĈL KӑF ÿӇ Pӣ PDQJ NLӃQ WKӭF WKu Fy KjQJ WUăP ORҥL WUѭӡQJ NKiF QKDX
Kj Fӟ Ju +&0 SKҧL FKӑQ WUѭӡQJ eFROH &RORQLDOH KӑF [RQJ UD FDL WUӏ GkQ
FKR WKӵF GkQ 3KiS +&0 NK{QJ Fy WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF Pj FKӍ Oj FӭX
FKD Yj PRQJ ÿҥW QJX\ӋQ ѭӟF OjP EӗL FKR 7k\ Pj WK{L /Ĉ

+LӋQ WKӵF Yj KX\ӉQ KRһF

6ӵ VR ViQK WUrQ ÿk\ FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ UҩW QKLӅX NKiF ELӋW JLӳD KuQK
ҧQK FӫD PӝW 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK GѭӟL QJӑQ E~W FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ QăP
YӟL PӝW 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WURQJ KҫX KӃW QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX PӟL SKiW
KLӋQ YӅ VDX 7ӭF Oj Vӵ WKұW WKu NKiF QKѭQJ ÿѭӟL QJӑQ E~W 7UҫQ 'kQ
7LrQ WKu +&0 PXӕQ Wӵ ÿiQK EyQJ PuQK VӱD OҥL TXi NKӭ FӫD PuQK O~F
PӟL TXD 3KiS /Ĉ

D 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ ÿm ÿѭӧF
TXDQ QLӋP QKѭ Oj WLӅQ WKkQ FӫD QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Yj
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ WKHR WUұW Wӵ YӅ WKӡL JLDQ Pj FzQ Oj YӅ O{
JtFK FiL WUѭӟF WҩW \ӃX GүQ ÿӃQ FiL VDX PXӕQ KLӇX FiL VDX SKҧL ELӃW FiL
WUѭӟF Yj QJѭӧF OҥL &XӝF ÿӡL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK SKҧL ÿѭӧF TXDQ QLӋP QKѭ
PӝW WәQJ WKӇ FiFK PҥQJ QKҩW TXiQ Yj Fy ê WKӭF Wӯ ÿҫX ÿӃQ FXӕL 7UѭӟF
NKL WUӣ WKjQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QJ˱ͥL \rX Q˱ͣF F͡QJ V̫Q WKHR QJKƭD Pj
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ TXDQ QLӋP ³FKӫ QJKƭD \rX QѭӟF FKkQ FKtQK FNJQJ
Oj FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ´ WKu 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WLӅQ WKkQ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK SKҧL Oj QJѭӡL FKXҭQ Eӏ FKѭD WuP ÿѭӧF ÿѭӡQJ ÿӃQ YӟL FKӫ QJKƭD
FӝQJ VҧQ WKu WkP WѭӣQJ FӫD DQK SKҧL Oj PҧQK ÿҩW WKXұQ OӧL ÿӇ Qҭ\ PҫP
FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ YӅ VDX ± DQK SKҧL Oj QJѭӡL GӑQ ÿҩW QJѭӡL SKӫ ÿӏQK
QJѭӡL ³NK{QJ WiQ WKjQK´ QKӳQJ SKѭѫQJ FiFK \rX QѭӟF FӫD FKD FK~
PuQK QJKƭD Oj SKҧL OjP ÿѭӧF QJѭӡL ÿҥL ELӇX WLӅP WKӇ FKR FXӝF FiFK
PҥQJ WѭѫQJ ODL Pj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK VӁ Oj ÿҥL ELӇX KLӋQ WKӵF +&0 FNJQJ
NK{QJ QJӡ Oj VDX Qҫ\ PӑL QJѭӡL ÿm WuP KLӇX ÿѭӧF 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ Oj
FKtQK +&0 QrQ QKӳQJ Kѭ FҩX OӃX OiR FӫD 7'7 VҳS [ӃS WUѭӟF VDX ÿӅX
Oj WUz QyL GӕL UӁ WLӅQ /Ĉ

.KiF KҷQ YӟL PӝW 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WKӵF WӃ ± PӝW 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW
7KjQK QKѭ Oj 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7Kành con cӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ – mà

242 LONG ĐIỀN

FiF WjL OLӋX VDX Qj\ ÿm SKiF KRҥ WX\ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӏQK KѭӟQJ ÿӇ UD ÿL
QKѭQJ FiL KѭӟQJ ҩ\ NK{QJ WҩW \ӃX SKҧL Oj FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ VDX Qày anh
VӁ FKӑQ OӵD EӣL Yu ÿӇ ÿӃQ YӟL FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ ҩ\ DQK SKҧL Fy ÿѭӧF
KjQJ ORҥW QKӳQJ Fѫ GX\rQ NKiF [D YӟL QKӳQJ QJj\ DQK Eӓ QѭӟF UD ÿL Ӣ
DQK 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WKDQK WKLӃX QLrQ ҩ\ FKѭD Fy Ju WҩW ÿӏQK EiR KLӋX
DQK VӁ Oj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF KD\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YӅ VDX

E $QK 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿѭӧF 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ JLDR FKR FiL QKLӋP
Yө WLӅQ WKkQ ҩ\ DQK 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿѭӧF [HP Oj ³KuQK ̫QK FͯD QKà
iL TX͙F [ͱ 1JK͏ $Q UͥL TXr Ṕ UD ÿL WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ JL̫L SKyQJ ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF´,
WKHR FiFK GLӉQ Wҧ FӫD ' +pPHU\ WURQJ WjL OLӋX ÿm NӇ “ch͑ WKX͡F Y͉ ÿL͉X
W˱ͧQJ W˱ͫQJ KX\͍Q KR̿F FͯD QKͷQJ QăP VDX KR̿F VDX ´ [26] .

6DX QKҩW Oj VDX ĈҥL KӝL 7RXUV NKL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm YѭӧW
NKӓL 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK ÿӇ WUӣ WKjQK QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ FҫQ SKҧL
ÿҭ\ WKұW PҥQK YLӋF Wӕ FiR WӝL iF FӫD WKӵF GkQ ÿӇ NrX JӑL Vӵ FK~ ê Vӵ
JL~S ÿӥ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ NKX\QK Wҧ NKҳS QѫL ÿһF ELӋW WK~F
ÿҭ\ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 3KiS Yj VDX NKL ÿm VDQJ 1JD YұQ ÿӝQJ
4XӕF WӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ WKLӃW WKӵF ӫQJ Kӝ SKRQJ WUjR FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ ӣ Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ 1KӳQJ EjL WUҧ OӡL SKӓQJ YҩQ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK 1JX\ӉQ
Ái QuӕF YjR WKӡL NǤ Qj\ ÿm EӝF Oӝ U} [X KѭӟQJ ҩ\ ĈӝQJ Fѫ PXӕQ [HP
YăQ PLQK 3KiS ÿѭӧF NtFK ÿӝQJ WKrP EӣL WLQK WKҫQ ³FKӕQJ ÿӕL YӅ EҧQ
FKҩW´ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OtQK Or GѭѫQJ [27] – Yj FK͑ QK˱ Y̵\ Pj WK{L ÿy
Oj WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ Ju 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Fy WKӇ QKӟ OҥL YӅ FKX\ӃQ UD ÿL FӫD
NguyӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿӇ Ej\ Wӓ TXDQ ÿLӇP FKtQK WUӏ PӟL FӫD PuQK

ĈӕL YӟL FkX KӓL ³.KL KӑF [RQJ DQK Gӵ ÿӏQK OjP Ju"´ Pj WUҧ OӡL
là: ³'ƭ QKLrQ Oj W{L Vͅ WUͧ Y͉ 7͝ TX͙F ÿ͋ ÿ̭X WUDQK FKR V͹ QJKL͏S FͯD
chúng tôi” [28] WKu FiL ÿӝQJ Fѫ ³FKӕQJ ÿӕL´ QrX UD ӣ WUrQ Oj NK{QJ WKӇ
QjR NKiF ÿѭӧF .K{QJ FzQ GҩX YӃW Ju FӫD Wӡ ÿѫQ [LQ YjR (FROH &ROR
QLDOH QKӳQJ Oi WKѭ JӱL .KkP Vӭ +XӃ QKӡ FKX\ӇQ WLӅQ [LQ YLӋF Oàm cho
cha ...

6DX NKL 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm WUӣ WKjQK &Kӫ WӏFK QѭӟF 9LӋW
Nam DâQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KRj YӟL FiL WrQ PӟL Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK GkQ FK~QJ
FKѭD ELӃW U} OҳP YӅ ODL OӏFK FӫD FiL WrQ Qj\ ÿDQJ ӣ FKLӃQ NKX 9LӋW
%ҳF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS SKҧL WҥR FKR PuQK KuQK ҧQK PӝW ³ÿҩQJ
EұF WUѭӣQJ WKѭӧQJ´ NLӇX FKkX È Fy X\ WtQ YѭӧW WUӝL YӯD WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ
YӯD KLӋQ ÿҥL \rX QѭӟF Yj PұS Pӡ QKұQ Oj FӝQJ VҧQ WX\ FXӝF ÿӡL ED
FKuP Eҭ\ QәL ҭQ KLӋQ Et PұW FDR VLrX QKѭQJ PөF ÿtFK VXӕW ÿӡL NK{QJ
Fy Ju NKiF KѫQ Oj K\ VLQK FKR ÿӝF OұS FӫD Wә TXӕF Yj KҥQK SK~F FӫD
QKkQ GkQ PӝW FRQ QJѭӡL WURQJ VҥFK JLҧQ Gӏ KRj PuQK YjR TXҫQ FK~QJ
ÿѭӧF EҥQ Eq NKҳS KRjQ YNJ PӃQ \rX JL~S ÿӥ FzQ ÿӗQJ EjR WURQJ QѭӟF
WKu ÿһW KuQK OƭQK Wө FӫD PuQK OrQ EjQ WKӡ [29] Yj W{Q [ѭQJ Oj ³&KD JLj FӫD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 243

GkQ WӝF´ Y Y ĈӑF Nӻ ÿRҥQ Qҫ\ PӟL WKҩ\ U} /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ QҳP UҩW U} Fѫ
PѭX FӫD +&0 ÿӇ Wӵ ÿiQK EyQJ QKkQ YұW ³<rX 1ѭӟF ³ +&0 FKӍ Oj
trò QyL OiR Pj WK{L ĈRҥQ QKұQ [pW Qҫ\ FӫD /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ WKұW Oj FKtQK
[iF Yj FD\ QJKLӋW ÿӕL YӟL +&0 /Ĉ

&XӕQ ³WLӇX Vӱ´ YLӃW YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FӫD 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ ÿm ELӇX Oӝ
UҩW U} FiL QKX FҫX QăP Pj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ FӫD
{QJ ÿDQJ PXӕQ WҥR UD FKR SKRQJ WUjR \rX QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ WUѭӟF WuQK KuQK
PӟL ± PӝW OƭQK Wө WX\ӋW YӡL Yj FKӍ Fy OƭQK Wө ÿy PӟL Oj WX\ӋW YӡL WK{L

7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ Ju WӕW ÿҽS WURQJ QKӳQJ WKӡL NǤ KRҥW ÿӝQJ YLQK TXDQJ
QKҩW FӫD Yӏ OƭQK Wө Qj\ ÿӅX ÿѭӧF P{ Wҧ FKL WLӃW FzQ ÿӕL YӟL QKӳQJ FiL
NKy QyL Yj NK{QJ QrQ QyL WURQJ QKӳQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ ³TXDQ WUӑQJ´ ÿһF ELӋW
– WKt Gө QKѭ QKӳQJ QăP VDX NKL WKjQK OұS ĈҧQJ Eӏ [X KѭӟQJ Wҧ
NKX\QK WURQJ ĈҧQJ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Yj 4XӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ ÿҧ NtFK SKr SKiQ
NKi QһQJ QӅ ÿӃQ QӛL Eӏ OѭX JLӳ ÿӇ ³KӑF WұS´ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ ӣ /LrQ ;{
FKR ÿӃQ PӟL ÿѭӧF FKR SKpS ÿL UD KRҥW ÿӝQJ OҥL [30] ± WKu OҥL Fӕ WuQK
JLҩX ÿL SK{ Ej\ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX ҩ\ UD FKҷQJ QKӳQJ EҩW OӧL FKR KuQK ҧQK FӫD
OƭQK Wө Pj FzQ SKi Yӥ Vӵ WKӕQJ QKҩW FҫQ WKLӃW FӫD ĈҧQJ GR OƭQK Wө WҥR UD

F 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ Fy SKҧL Oj E~W GDQK FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭ Eҩ\ OkX
QD\ QJѭӡL WD YүQ FKR Oj QKѭ Yұ\" *ҫQ ÿk\ Ej 3KDQ 7Kӏ 0LQK ÿm ÿѭD UD
PӝW WK{QJ WLQ PӟL UҩW ÿiQJ FK~ ê QKѭ VDX

³&KL͉X QJj\ WKiQJ QăP W{L ÿm ÿ˱ͫF J̿S {QJ 9NJ .Ǥ Oj
WK˱ Nê ULrQJ FͯD %iF Wͳ &iFK P̩QJ WKiQJ 7iP ÿ͇Q QJj\ %iF TXD ÿͥL
Yj ÿm FQJ P͡W V͙ QJ˱ͥL TXDQK %iF Oj ÿ͛QJ WiF JL̫ FX͙Q ³1KӳQJ PҭX
FKX\ӋQ YӅ ÿӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK´ YͣL E~W GDQK 7U̯Q 'kQ
Tiên” [31] .

&KѭD WKҩ\ {QJ 9NJ .Ǥ QyL U} KѫQ YӅ FKX\ӋQ Qj\ QrQ FK~QJ WD FKѭD
ELӃW {QJ FQJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ³TXDQK %iF´ ÿm OjP YLӋF QKѭ WKӃ QjR ÿӇ
WKӵF KLӋQ FXӕQ 1KͷQJ P̱X FKX\͏Q OӯQJ GDQK ҩ\ ÐQJ Yj QKӳQJ FӝQJ
Vӵ Fy SKҧL ÿL ÿk\ ÿL ÿy NKҳS QѫL JһS JҫQ QKkQ YұW ÿm ÿѭӧF QKҳF
ÿӃQ WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK ÿӇ SKӓQJ YҩQ YӅ PӕL TXDQ KӋ FӫD Kӑ YӟL {QJ +ӗ"
'zQJ FXӕL FKR WD ELӃW ViFK YLӃW [RQJ YjR PD WKX QăP O~F Eҩ\
JLӡ {QJ 9NJ .Ǥ ÿm SKҧL ÿL WKHR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OrQ FKLӃQ NKX 9LӋW %ҳF
7X\rQ 4XDQJ 7KiL 1JX\rQ QӃX WKHR FiFK ÿy WKu OjP VDR WKӵF KLӋQ
ÿѭӧF WURQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ NKiQJ FKLӃQ ÿѭӡQJ [i FiFK WUӣ" &iFK WUuQK Ej\
ÿѭӧF P{ Wҧ WURQJ ViFK ± QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW WKD\ QKDX NӇ FKX\ӋQ ± GR ÿy
Fy OӁ FKӍ Oj PӝW WKӫ WKXұW Yj ÿy Oj WKӫ WKXұW FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL YLӃW WLӇX
WKX\ӃW QKLӅX KѫQ Oj ³WLӇX Vӱ´

&ӭ WҥP WLQ UҵQJ FiL ³WLӇX Vӱ´ GѭӟL KuQK WKӭF ³WUX\ӋQ´ ҩ\ ÿѭӧF FKtQK
9NJ .Ǥ Yj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ Vӵ YLӃW UD Yj Nê Oj 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ 1KѭQJ

244 LONG ĐIỀN

QKѭ Yұ\ WKu OҥL JһS ÿLӅX NKy NKăQ SKҧL JLҧL WKtFK WҥL VDR FXӕQ ViFK WҫP
WKѭӡQJ FӫD PӝW WiF JLҧ Y{ GDQK Oj 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ ҩ\ OҥL Fy WKӇ WUӣ WKjQK
PӝW WKӭ WjL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR TXDQ WUӑQJ EұF QKҩW YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭ
ÿm [ҧ\ UD ÿһF ELӋW WURQJ JLӟL QJKLrQ FӭX JLҧQJ Gҥ\" 6ӵ TXDQ WUӑQJ ҩ\
NK{QJ WKӇ QjR Fy ÿѭӧF QӃX QKӳQJ Ju ÿm YLӃW YӅ {QJ +ӗ WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK
ҩ\ JLҧ Vӱ Oj FӫD 9NJ .Ǥ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FKtQK {QJ [pW GX\ӋW 9NJ .Ǥ Oj WKѭ
Nê ULrQJ FӫD {QJ Yj PӝW FiFK QjR ÿy FNJQJ ÿm OjP FKR QJѭӡL WD KLӇX
UҵQJ FKtQK {QJ ÿm PXӕQ SKә ELӃQ FXӕQ ³WLӇX Vӱ´ Fy QӝL GXQJ QKѭ Yұ\

&XӕQ ViFK GR ÿy G FKR Fy GR 9NJ .Ǥ Oҩ\ WjL OLӋX Wӯ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
ÿӇ YLӃW KRһF GR FKtQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WUӵF WLӃS YLӃW [32] KD\ ÿӑF FKR 9NJ
.Ǥ YLӃW WKLӃW WѭӣQJ ê QJKƭD FNJQJ ÿӅX QKѭ QKDX Vӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Qy
Oj ³FiL FҫQ WKLӃW´ FKR QKX FҫX FiFK PҥQJ FӫD EҧQ WKkQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
sau 1945.

9jR WKӡL ÿLӇP Qj\ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm NK{QJ FzQ Oj Fi QKkQ PӝW
WKDQK QLrQ WXәL QJӥ QJjQJ WURQJ FXӝF Eӓ QѭӟF UD ÿL QăP QӳD
DQK ÿm YӅ QѭӟF YӟL WrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj Wӵ FKR PuQK Oj ELӇX WѭӧQJ FӫD
Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD FXӕL FQJ VDX PӑL FKӑQ OӵD FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF ± PӝW 1JX\ӉQ
7ҩW 7KjQK WUӣ WKjQK FӝQJ VҧQ ÿm KRjQ WKjQK &iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP Yj
ÿDQJ OmQK ÿҥR NKiQJ FKLӃQ EҧR YӋ FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ ҩ\ ÿӇ VDX Qj\ ÿѭD
ÿҩW QѭӟF WLӃQ OrQ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ

4Xi NKӭ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK KӗL WXәL Fy ÿѭӧF WҥR GӵQJ OҥL FKR
SK KӧS YӟL Yӏ WUt FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NKL WXәL Oj ÿLӅX NK{QJ Fy Ju
NKy KLӇX WKӵF FKҩW FiF Vӵ YLӋF NK{QJ SKҧL QKѭ Yұ\ Fy WKӇ QyL NKiF ÿL
YjR O~F NKiF QKѭQJ NKL FҫQ WKu YүQ Fy WKӇ WKrX GӋW W{ YӁ OrQ ÿӇ WX\rQ
WUX\ӅQ ± OӧL tFK FӫD FiFK PҥQJ EXӝF SKҧL QKѭ WKӃ 1ӃX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
NK{QJ OjP ÿLӅX ÿy WKu FNJQJ VӁ Fy QKӳQJ Nҿ WKD\ {QJ 9u UҩW QKLӅX
Oê GR NKiF QKDX QKӳQJ QJѭӡL VQJ EiL {QJ VDX NӇ UD Oj Y{ Vӕ

© 2007 talawas

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=9101&rb=08 /ӳ
3KѭѫQJ
7ӯ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿӃQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
6ӵ KuQK WKjQK PӝW FKӑQ OӵD

1234567

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 245

&KѭѫQJ

ĈӃQ YӟL FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ

ĈLӇP [XҩW SKiW &iL Q{L 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK

&XӝF ÿӡL FKtQK WUӏ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK FKӍ WKӵF Vӵ EҳW ÿҫX NKL
Wӯ $QK WUӣ OҥL 3KiS YӟL FiL WrQ PӟL Oj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Nê GѭӟL EҧQ
“1KͷQJ \rX ViFK FͯD QKkQ GkQ $QQDP´ ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR ³1KyP
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL $QQDP \rX QѭӟF´ JӱL +ӝL QJKӏ 9HUVDLOOHV YjR WKiQJ
QăP 9Ӆ Vӵ NLӋQ Qj\ 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ WiF JLҧ FXӕQ ³1KͷQJ P̱X
FKX\͏Q Y͉ ÿͥL KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD +͛ &Kͯ W͓FK´ ÿm YLӃW QKѭ VDX

³ÐQJ 1JX\͍Q W͝ FKͱF QKyP QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP \rX Q˱ͣF ͧ 3DULV Yj
ͧ FiF W͑QK ͧ 3KiS 9ͣL GDQK QJKƭD Qj\ {QJ ÿm ÿ˱D QKͷQJ \rX F̯X UD
WU˱ͣF K͡L QJK͓ 9HUVDLOOHV &NJQJ QrQ QK̷F O̩L ê NL͇Q ÿ˱D \rX F̯X GR
{QJ 1JX\͍Q ÿ͉ UD QK˱QJ O̩L GR OX̵W V˱ 3KDQ 9ăQ 7U˱ͥQJ YL͇W Yu O~F
Ḙ\ JLͥ {QJ 1JX\͍Q FK˱D YL͇W ÿ˱ͫF WL͇QJ 3KiS &NJQJ QrQ QK̷F O̩L Oj
{QJ 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK Yj {QJ 3KDQ 9ăQ 7U˱ͥQJ NK{QJ WiQ WKjQK KR̩W
ÿ͡QJ FͯD QKyP 9L͏W 1DP \rX Q˱ͣF Yu FiF {QJ ̭\ FKR QKyP WKDQK QLrQ
Oj WU̓ FRQ´[1] .

&Kӫ ÿtFK FӫD ÿRҥQ YăQ WUrQ Oj NKi U} UӋW FiL QKyP ³WKDQK QLrQ´ Pj
NguyӉQ ÈL 4XӕF ÿm QKkQ GDQK ÿӇ JӱL EҧQ <rX ViFK WiP ÿL͋P FKR +ӝL
QJKӏ 9HUVDLOOHV YjR WKiQJ QăP Oj Wә FKӭF GR 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF
³ViQJ OұS´ [2] KRҥW ÿӝQJ ULrQJ ELӋW NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FiF {QJ 3KDQ &KkX
7ULQK Yj 3KDQ 9ăQ 7UѭӡQJ ӫQJ Kӝ 7KDP NKҧR QKLӅX WjL OLӋX NKiF
FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ Vӵ YLӋF NK{QJ KRjQ WRjQ QKѭ Yұ\

D %j 7KX 7UDQJ WURQJ FXӕQ 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F QKͷQJ QăP W̩L 3DULV
(1917-1923) [3] FăQ Fӭ YjR OӡL PӝW QKkQ YұW WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK FӫD 7UҫQ
Dân Tiên [4] FKR UҵQJ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm Wӯ $QK WUӣ OҥL 3KiS YjR
Yj QKѭ Yұ\ WKu Fy WKӇ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm JyS SKҫQ OұS UD +ӝL
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL $QQDP \rX QѭӟF 9u WKHR Ej WKu YjR NKRҧQJ FXӕL QăP
3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK Yj 3KDQ 9ăQ 7UѭӡQJ ÿm OұS UD KӝL Qj\ ÿӇ NӃ
WөF +ӝL ĈӗQJ EjR 7KkQ iL OұS UD ÿm QJѭQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ 7X\ Yұ\ GR
FKѭD WuP WKrP ÿѭӧF EҵQJ Fӟ [iF QKұQ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm ÿӃQ 3KiS
QăP ± ÿһF ELӋW NK{QJ WKҩ\ Fy EiR FiR QjR FӫD 0ұW WKiP 3KiS YӅ
YLӋF 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ӣ 3DULV YjR WKӡL JLDQ ÿy ± QrQ QJѭӡL WD YүQ FKӍ
FRL ÿy Oj PӝW JLҧ WKX\ӃW

&NJQJ Fy PӝW JLҧ WKX\ӃW NKiF QӳD YӅ QăP ÿӃQ 3KiS FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW
Thành. Giҧ WKX\ӃW Qày cNJQJ FăQ Fӭ Yào Hӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭQJ NK{QJ SKҧL

246 LONG ĐIỀN

là +͛ &Kt 0LQK 7U̯Q 'kQ 7LrQ mà là +͛ &Kt 0LQK 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F:
NKL Eӏ 6ӣ &ҧQK ViW 3DULV JӑL ÿӃQ [pW KӓL YjR QăP Yj 1JX\ӉQ
ÈL 4XӕF NKDL ÿm ÿӃQ 3KiS WKiQJ [5] Yj FNJQJ FKtQK FiL WKӡL ÿLӇP
VDQJ 3KiS ÿy Pj QăP VDX 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF ÿm NKDL YӟL
4XӕF WӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ FzQ QKӳQJ QăP YӅ WUѭӟF WKu ÿDQJ OjP
YLӋF FKR PӝW QKj JLjX ӣ %URRNO\Q 0ӻ [6] &NJQJ FKҷQJ Fy Ju QJăQ FҧQ
QJѭӡL WD WLQ KD\ NK{QJ WLQ YjR JLҧ WKX\ӃW Qj\ QKӳQJ OӡL NKDL FӫD +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK YӟL ³WD´ KD\ YӟL ³ÿӏFK´ WKѭӡQJ EҩW QKҩW [7] QKѭQJ G WKӃ QjR
ÿL QӳD WKu YLӋF 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Wӵ FKR PuQK ÿӭQJ UD OұS ³+ӝL QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL $QQDP \rX QѭӟF´ Yj KRҥW ÿӝQJ NK{QJ FҫQ Vӵ KӧS WiF FӫD 3KDQ
&KkX 7ULQK Yj 3KDQ 9ăQ 7UѭӡQJ Oj ÿLӅX KRjQ WRjQ WѭӣQJ WѭӧQJ [8] .

E &kX FKX\ӋQ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Eӏ FKӍ WUtFK ³WUҿ FRQ´ Oj FKX\ӋQ Fy
WKұW 1KѭQJ OҥL NK{QJ WKұW KRjQ WRjQ FKӍ Fy 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK GR Oj EұF
FKD FK~ PӟL KD\ FKӍ WUtFK 1JX\ӉQ WK{L 9j FNJQJ FKӍ WUtFK WURQJ PӝW
KRjQ FҧQK NKiF NK{QJ GtQK GiQJ Ju ÿӃQ EҧQ <rX ViFK WiP ÿL͋P QăP
0ӝW PұW WKiP PDQJ WrQ ³(GRXDUG´ ÿm WKXұW OҥL PӝW FXӝF WUDQK
OXұQ JLӳD 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK Yj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF WҥL FăQ QKj Vӕ 9LOOD
GHV *REHOLQV QѫL 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF ÿm YӅ ӣ FKXQJ YӟL KDL {QJ Kӑ 3KDQ
YӅ ÿӅ WjL QJѭӡL GkQ EҧQ [ӭ Fy WKӇ ÿzL KӓL Ju ӣ WRjQ TX\ӅQ 0DXULFH
/RQJ YӯD PӟL VDQJ 9LӋW 1DP WKD\ $OEHUW 6DUUDXW YӅ OjP %ӝ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ
WKXӝF ÿӏD 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF QyL

³7̩L VDR KDL P˱˯L WUL͏X ÿ͛QJ EjR WD NK{QJ OjP Ju ÿ͋ EX͡F &KtQK
SKͯ SK̫L FKR FK~QJ WD TX\͉Q OjP QJ˱ͥL" &K~QJ WD FNJQJ Oj QJ˱ͥL Yj
FK~QJ WD SK̫L ÿ˱ͫF ÿ͙L [͵ QK˱ Y̵\ 1KͷQJ DL Wͳ FK͙L FRL FK~QJ WD Oj
QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL EuQK ÿ̻QJ Oj N̓ WK FͯD FK~QJ WD´

3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK ÿm WUiFK 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Oj TXi EӝS FKӝS

³$QK PX͙Q ÿ͛QJ EjR WD\ NK{QJ FͯD FK~QJ WD OjP Ju ÿ͋ FK͙QJ O̩L
QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL FKkX ÆX YͣL QKͷQJ YNJ NKt FͯD K͕ 7̩L VDR GkQ FK~QJ
SK̫L FK͇W Y{ tFK Pj NK{QJ Fy N͇W TX̫ QjR´ [9] .

6ӵ WѭӡQJ WKXұW WURQJ EiR FiR FӫD PұW WKiP ³(GRXDUG´ ÿӅ QJj\
VDX Fҧ QӱD QăP QJj\ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF F{QJ Eӕ Yêu sách
WiP ÿL͋P &y WKӇ ÿk\ Oj QKӳQJ GҩX KLӋX NKӣL ÿҫX ÿӇ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF
YѭӧW NKӓL 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK QKѭQJ ê QJKƭD FӫD Vӵ ³NK{QJ WiQ WKjQK´ ҩ\
FӫD 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK FKҷQJ OLrQ TXDQ Ju ÿӃQ Vӵ UD ÿӡL FӫD ³+ӝL QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL $QQDP \rX QѭӟF´ Fҧ

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=9138&rb=08

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 247

&KѭѫQJ
7Ӯ 1*8<ӈ1 7Ҩ7 7+¬1+ Ĉӂ1 +Ӗ &+Ë 0,1+ EjL FӫD /ӳ
3KѭѫQJ
6ӵ KuQK WKjQK PӝW FKӑQ OӵD

3Kө OөF

+X\ӅQ WKRҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW QKkQ YұW TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR FӝQJ
VҧQ TXӕF WӃ Yj JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF WKXӝF WKӃ Nӹ ÐQJ ÿm OұS UD ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wә FKӭF FXӝF FKLӃQ ÿҩX EӅQ EӍ FKӕQJ OҥL FiF WKӃ OӵF
WKӵF GkQ KLӋQ ÿҥL ÿm KRjQ WKjQK ÿӝF OұS WKӕQJ QKҩW WҥR Fѫ Vӣ TX\ӅQ
OӵF ÿӇ WKLӃW OұS FKӃ ÿӝ JӑL Oj ³FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL KLӋQ WKӵF´ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP
Ĉm Fy NKi QKLӅX ê NLӃQ QKұQ ÿӏQK ÿiQK JLi Vӵ QJKLӋS FӫD {QJ WKHR
QKLӅX TXDQ ÿLӇP NKiF QKDX WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL 1KѭQJ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ FKӃ
ÿӝ FӝQJ VҧQ Wӯ PӝW QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ {QJ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK PӝW QKkQ YұW
KX\ӅQ WKRҥL Fy WiF GөQJ KX\ӉQ KRһF UҩW ÿһF ELӋW

7KHR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ 9LӋW 1DP KLӋQ WѭӧQJ Qj\ Fy ED
QJXӗQ JӕF Wӵ {QJ Fӕ ê WҥR UD ÿӇ O{L NpR TXҫQ FK~QJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ
VҧQ ÿm Gҫ\ F{QJ OjP FKR {QJ WKjQK PӝW ELӇX WѭӧQJ WKӡ SKөQJ FӫD
FKӃ ÿӝ QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP K\ YӑQJ YjR {QJ QKѭ PӝW QJѭӟL FӭX ÿӝ
JL~S Kӑ WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ PRQJ PӓL QJKuQ ÿӡL FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF
Yj EҧQ WKkQ

1ӃX KX\ӅQ WKRҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm FKR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ X\ WtQ KҫX
QKѭ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿӇ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ WURQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK WKu GR QKӳQJ WKҩW EҥL
FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ WURQJ [k\ GӵQJ KRj EuQK Pj KX\ӅQ WKRҥL +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK Wӯ Wӯ UҥQ Yӥ WURQJ QKkQ GkQ Yj Fҧ WURQJ ĈҧQJ. 0ӝW FiL
QKuQ F{QJ EҵQJ Oj PӝW FiL QKuQ KLӋQ WKӵF YӅ QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ Qj\

9Ӂ UӗQJ WKҩ\ ÿҫX NK{QJ WKҩ\ ÿX{L
'R SKҧL JLӳ NtQ WXQJ WtFK WURQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ Et PұW Oê OӏFK FӫD +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK FNJQJ Oj PӝW Et PұW 6DX FiFK PҥQJ QKLӅX QJѭӡL FzQ
FKѭD ELӃW {QJ Oj DL 1KLӅX ÿRҥQ ÿӡL FӫD {QJ Fy PӝW WKӡL Eӏ QKLӅX QKj
YLӃW WLӇX Vӱ {QJ ÿӇ WUӕQJ QKѭ VDX Yө WKҩW EҥL FӫD ;{ 9LӃW 1JKӋ 7ƭQK
ÿL ÿkX NK{QJ ELӃW FKR ÿӃQ QăP PӟL [XҩW KLӋQ OҥL Yj YӅ
QѭӟF 3KҫQ {QJ {QJ OҥL NK{QJ FKӏX YLӃW KӗL Nê KRһF FKtQK WKӭF F{QJ
Eӕ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ Oê OӏFK FӫD PuQK 1ӃX Fy YLӃW WKu {QJ OҥL NK{QJ Nê WrQ WKұW
9ӟL E~W GDQK 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ WURQJ 1KӳQJ PҭX FKX\ӋQ YӅ ÿӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ
FӫD +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK KuQK ҧQK Pj {QJ Wӵ JLӟL WKLӋX FKӍ Oj PӝW QJѭӡL FiFK

248 LONG ĐIỀN

PҥQJ Uj\ ÿk\ PDL ÿy NK{QJ Fy FXӝF VӕQJ ULrQJ Wѭ 1KѭQJ ÿy FNJQJ
FKtQK Oj ê PXӕQ FӫD {QJ 7URQJ FXӕQ ViFK QKӓ Qj\ {QJ Fy NKHQ QJӧL
WjL FӫD QJѭӡL KRҥ Vƭ 7UXQJ +RD YӁ UӗQJ Yj FKR UҵQJ YӁ UӗQJ JLӓL Oj FKӍ
FKR QJѭӡL [HP WU{QJ WKҩ\ ÿҫX FzQ ÿX{L WKu GQJ QKӳQJ FөP Pk\ FKH
NKXҩW ÿL

7Kӫ WKXұW ҩ\ U} UjQJ {QJ ÿm Vӱ GөQJ ÿӇ Wӵ KRҥ &iL FӕW FiFK WKDQK
WKRiW Pӡ ҧR ҩ\ WKұW UD FNJQJ ÿm WRiW UD Wӯ FKtQK FRQ QJѭӡL FӫD {QJ YӟL
NKX{Q PһW [ѭѫQJ [ѭѫQJ GiQJ QJѭӡL Jҫ\ PӟL WXәL ÿm ÿӇ UkX GjL
{QJ Fy Yҿ [XҩW WKӃ KѫQ UҩW QKLӅX VR YӟL PӝW Vӕ OmQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ FKkX È
NKiF ± QKѭ 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ FKҷQJ KҥQ

+uQK ҧQK [XҩW KLӋQ FKtQK WKӭF FӫD {QJ WUѭӟF F{QJ FK~QJ GR Yұ\
QJRjL PӝW OƭQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ WҫP Fӥ TXӕF WӃ WjL ED FzQ Oj PӝW KLӅQ WULӃW
SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ 1KѭQJ ÿӕL YӟL {QJ NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ Fy QKѭ Yұ\ 7URQJ
WKӡL FKӕQJ 3KiS Fy PӝW GҥR Pҩ\ FKӳ ³&KD JLj GkQ WӝF´ ÿm ÿѭӧF Eӝ
Pi\ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ 9LӋW 0LQK GQJ ÿӇ W{Q YLQK {QJ NKi ӗQ jR QKѭ PӝW
FkX KiW ³WKL ÿXD WKL ÿXD &KD JLj QKҳQ WLQ YӅ ´ 7KұW Vӵ WKu KuQK ҧQK
Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF FKtQK {QJ Vӱ GөQJ ÿӇ Wӵ ÿӅ FDR WURQJ 1KӳQJ PҭX FKX\ӋQ
YӅ ÿӡL +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK GR FKtQK {QJ YLӃW ³1KkQ GkQ JӑL &Kӫ WӏFK Oj &KD
JLj FӫD GkQ WӝF Yu +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK Oj QJѭӡL FRQ WUXQJ WKjQK QKҩW FӫD 7ә
TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP´ 9Ӆ VDX Fy OӁ Yu WKҩ\ KѫL TXi Oӕ KuQK ҧQK ҩ\ NK{QJ
FzQ ÿѭӧF QKҳF OҥL Pҩ\ FKӳ ³%iF +ӗ´ ÿѭӧF WKD\ YjR Yj JLӳ PmL FKR
ÿӃQ NKL {QJ PҩW

7URQJ WLӃQJ 9LӋW FKӳ ³EiF´ FKӍ YDL QJѭӡL DQK FӫD FKD GQJ ÿӇ
[ѭQJ YӟL FiF FKiX WKLӃX QKL WKu WKtFK KӧS 1KѭQJ VDX Qj\ Qy OҥL WUӣ
WKjQK SKә ELӃQ ÿӇ PӑL QJѭӡL JӑL WKHR 7KHR QKLӅX QJѭӡL JҫQ JNJL {QJ
FKR ELӃW WKu ÿLӅX ÿy FNJQJ GR {QJ FKӍ ÿҥR DL PӟL JһS {QJ Pj JӑL {QJ
EҵQJ ³DQK´ KRһF ³ÿӗQJ FKt´ WKu Eӏ {QJ FKӍQK OҥL QJD\ (tôi nghe nói
WURQJ QKӳQJ QJѭѫL Eӏ {QJ FKӍQK Fy 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Yj QKj YăQ 1JX\ӉQ
+X\ 7ѭӣQJ

&XQJ FiFK ӭQJ [ӱ FӫD {QJ WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF FRL QKѭ WҩP JѭѫQJ ÿӇ WRjQ
ĈҧQJ WRjQ GkQ KӑF WұS WURQJ ÿy WiF SKRQJ JLҧQ Gӏ FҫQ NLӋP WKkQ GkQ
OR FKX\ӋQ WѭѫQJ Fj PҳP PXӕL FKR GkQ WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF ÿӅ FDR QKLӅX
QKҩW 1ăP VDX NKL YjR FKLӃQ NKX VXӕW QăP ӣ 5 QăP QjR ÿӃQ
WKiQJ QJѭӡL WD FKR Oj VLQK QKұW FӫD {QJ WURQJ FiF EXәL OӉ Nӹ
QLӋP W{L ÿӅX ÿѭӧF QJKH NK{QJ ELӃW EDR OҫQ QKӳQJ FkX FKX\ӋQ QKѭ Yұ\

&KX\ӋQ ÿ{L GpS UkX %iF +ӗ ÿL GpS UkX WKu DL FNJQJ ELӃW %iF ÿL PӝW
ÿ{L GpS ÿӃQ PzQ OҷQ &ұX EҧR YӋ ÿӅ QJKӏ %iF WKD\ QKLӅX OҫQ QKѭQJ %iF
QKҩW ÿӏQK NK{QJ FKӏX &XӕL FQJ QjL QӍ PmL NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FұX ÿm SKҧL OpQ
Oҩ\ ÿ{L GpS ҩ\ ÿL ÿәL .KL SKiW KLӋQ %iF NK{QJ YӯD OzQJ Yj QKҩW TX\ӃW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 249

EҳW FұX EҧR YӋ ÿL Oҩ\ OҥL ÿ{L GpS FNJ

&KX\ӋQ Oi GRQJ JyL EiQK FKѭQJ FӫD GkQ +j 1ӝL 0ӛL QăP NKL JҫQ
7ӃW PһF GҫX ³EұQ WUăP F{QJ QJjQ YLӋF´ %iF YүQ ÿLӋQ WKRҥL KӓL ÿӗQJ
FKt 7UҫQ 'X\ +ѭQJ Eҩ\ JLӡ Oj &Kӫ WӏFK 8ӹ EDQ 1KkQ GkQ 7KjQK SKӕ
+j 1ӝL [HP Fy OR ÿӫ Oi GRQJ ÿӇ JyL EiQK FKѭQJ FKR GkQ FKѭD

&zQ QKLӅX FKX\ӋQ NKiF Fy QӝL GXQJ WӫQ PӫQ OҭP FҭP Yj ³EDR FҩS´
QKѭ Yұ\ &KѭD NӇ ÿӃQ QKӳQJ EjL QKҥF EjL WKѫ ± QѫL NK{QJ FҫQ SKҧL
P{ Wҧ QKӳQJ FKL WLӃW ± QJѭӡL WD ÿm WKD Kӗ GQJ Vӵ ED\ EәQJ FӫD SKҥP
WU Pӻ KӑF JӑL Oj Vӵ FDR TXê ÿӇ ÿѭD {QJ OrQ FKtQ WҫQJ Pk\ 7ӯ PӝW
QJѭӡL DQK KQJ JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF {QJ WUӣ WKjQK PӝW {QJ WLrQ WURQJ
FiF WUX\ӋQ WKLӃX QKL PӝW QJXӗQ FҧP KӭQJ Y{ WұQ ÿӇ KuQK WKjQK QKӳQJ
EjL WөQJ FD Yj KѫQ QӳD FzQ Oj KuQK WѭӧQJ FӫD QJѭӡL ÿL FӭX ÿӝ FK~QJ
VLQK QӳD

6DX W{L WKҩ\ QJѭӡL WD ÿm GӵQJ EjQ WKӡ FӫD {QJ QJD\ JLӳD
EQJ ELQK 6jL *zQ NKyL KѭѫQJ QJKL QJ~W 1Jj\ QD\ QKLӅX QѫL YүQ FzQ
JLӳ WKyL TXHQ Qj\ NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ YӟL ULrQJ {QJ QKLӅX OLӋW Vƭ FӝQJ VҧQ
ÿm WKjQK WKҫQ WURQJ FiF PLӉX FiF ÿӅQ Ĉy Oj QKӳQJ ÿLӅX [iF WKӵF GR
ÿҧQJ &691 PXӕQ WҥR KuQK ҧQK KX\ӇQ KRһF YӅ +&0 NӇ Fҧ FiF ÿҧQJ
YLrQ FDR FҩS NKiF FNJQJ Yұ\ /Ĉ

&XӝF VӕQJ ULrQJ Wѭ

&KX\ӋQ WuQK iL Yӧ FRQ FӫD {QJ Oj ÿLӅX ÿѭӧF Gѭ OXұQ TXDQ WkP
QKѭQJ ViFK EiR FӫD ĈҧQJ WKѭӡQJ Qp WUiQK &ҧ PӝW ÿӡL Yu QѭӟF Yu QRQ
WKu PjQJ FKL ÿӃQ QKӳQJ KӋ OXӷ QKkQ JLDQ ҩ\ 1KѭQJ ÿLӅX Qj\ KRjQ WRjQ
NK{QJ ÿ~QJ QJD\ Fҧ ÿӕL YӟL {QJ Fy OҫQ {QJ ÿm FKR UҵQJ VDL OҫP
OӟQ QKҩW ÿӡL {QJ Oj NK{QJ Oҩ\ Yӧ 1yL FKѫL WK{L QKѭQJ WKұW Vӵ WURQJ
WKӵF WӃ ÿm Fy QKLӅX FKX\ӋQ NӇ FKR ELӃW {QJ Fy UҩW QKLӅX QKkQ WuQK ӣ
NKҳS QѫL Wӯ 3KiS 1JD 7UXQJ 4XӕF

.LP +ҥQK O~F OjP 7әQJ ELrQ WұS EiR 7XәL WUҿ Yu ÿăQJ ӣ WUDQJ
QKҩW WLQ QyL YӅ EjL WKѫ FӫD {QJ Et GDQK /ê 7KXӷ NKL {QJ Wӯ /LrQ
;{ VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF NKRҧQJ JӱL QJѭӡL Yӧ 7jX Pj Eӏ FiFK
FKӭF Yj ÿXәL NKӓL OjQJ EiR 0ӝW QKj QJKLrQ FӭX 0ӻ NKL WUX\ WҫP Kӗ
Vѫ PұW FӫD ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ OѭX WUӳ WҥL 0RVNYD VDX NKL /LrQ ;{ VөS
ÿә ÿm WuP WKҩ\ WjL OLӋX FKR ELӃW Fy PӝW QJѭӡL ÿjQ Ej NKiF WURQJ PӝW
ĈҥL KӝL 4XӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ 1JD ÿm NKDL {QJ FKtQK Oj FKӗQJ FӫD Ej Yj
QJѭӡL ÿjQ Ej ҩ\ FKtQK OҥL Oj ÿӗQJ FKt 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 0LQK .KDL FӫD {QJ
FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj DL NKiF

7URQJ QѭӟF FKX\ӋQ WuQK FӫD {QJ QKLӅX KѫQ Yj FNJQJ QKLӅX WtQK
FKҩW EL WKҧP KѫQ 'ѭ OXұQ +j 1ӝL UkP UDQ Wӯ OkX FKX\ӋQ {QJ ăQ ӣ
vӟL PӝW F{ Wên Xuân, cô này do mұW Yө 7UҫQ 4XӕF +Ràn ÿѭD YӅ ÿӇ

250 LONG ĐIỀN

phөF Yө {QJ QKѭQJ VDX FKR QJѭӡL JLӃW ÿL ÿӇ EӏW WXQJ WtFK Fy ÿӭD
FRQ WUDL ÿѭӧF 9NJ .Ǥ WKѭ Nê ULrQJ FӫD {QJ FӭX WKRiW ÿHP YӅ QX{L
*ҫQ ÿk\ QKkQ ĈҥL KӝL FӫD ĈҧQJ WKiQJ QăP FiF Kãng thông
WҩQ SKѭѫQJ 7k\ ÿm QyL ÿӃQ NKi QKLӅX FKX\ӋQ QăP NKL YӅ QѭӟF
{QJ ÿm TXDQ KӋ YӟL PӝW Qӳ FҫQ Yө QJѭӡL GkQ WӝF Yj VLQK UD 1{QJ ĈӭF
0ҥQK QD\ PӟL ÿѭӧF EҫX 7әQJ %t WKѭ ĈҧQJ

1KӳQJ FKX\ӋQ WuQK QyL WUrQ Kѭ WKӵF UD VDR FKѭD ÿѭӧF FKӭQJ PLQK
WKұW WKX\ӃW SKөF QKѭQJ [pW YӅ PһW ÿҥR ÿӭF Fi QKkQ WKұW UD FKҷQJ có gì
TXDQ WUӑQJ OҳP FiF OƭQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ FNJQJ Oj QKӳQJ FRQ QJѭӡL Yӧ FRQ
Qj\ Qӑ ÿӫ Fҧ PӝW Vӕ OҥL UҩW KRDQJ WRjQJ WURQJ FiL NKRҧQ PөF Qj\ *Lҧ
Vӱ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Fy QKѭ Yұ\ ÿL QӳD WKu F{QJ ODR FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ FӫD
{QJ FKҷQJ KӅ Eӏ VX\ VX\ӇQ 1KѭQJ GR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ
FKӍ PXӕQ GӯQJ OҥL YӟL FiL F{QJ ODR ҩ\ Pj FzQ YѭӧW OrQ WKӡL JLDQ WӗQ WҥL
PX{Q QăP QrQ KuQK ҧQK FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK SKҧL ÿѭӧF W{ YӁ VDR FKR WKұW
Oê WѭӣQJ WKұW SKL WKѭӡQJ &{QJ ODR Ju"7ӝL ÿӗ FӫD GkQ WӝF WKu Fy /Ĉ

9j ÿy FNJQJ FKtQK Oj FKtQK ViFK WҥR WKҫQ WѭӧQJ FӫD JXӗQJ Pi\
1JѭӡL WD Fy WKӇ YүQ VӕQJ PӝW FXӝF VӕQJ EuQK WKѭӡQJ QKѭQJ NKL ĈҧQJ
FҫQ WKu FiL EuQK WKѭӡQJ VӁ ÿѭӧF WKD\ YjR EҵQJ QKӳQJ YLӋF OjP QKӳQJ
Vӵ WtFK WKҫQ WKiQK $QK Oj QJѭӡL Fy WtQK ĈҧQJ FDR WKu DQK SKҧL ELӃW WXkQ
SKөF SKҧL ELӃW Fӕ JҳQJ ÿyQJ FKR WUzQ FiL Yӣ NӏFK ÿѭӧF WҥR UD FKR Pình.
&KӍ Yu OӧL tFK FiFK PҥQJ WK{L

&jQJ Fy QKLӅX WҩP JѭѫQJ SKL WKѭӡQJ ÿӇ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL EuQK WKѭӡQJ
QRL JѭѫQJ K\ VLQK WKu Vӵ QJKLӋS FӫD ĈҧQJ PӟL KX\ KRjQJ &KtQK Yu ÿã
GӵD WUrQ FiL Oê OӁ YӅ FKӫ QJKƭD DQK KQJ FiFK PҥQJ ÿy Pj ĈҧQJ ÿm WҥR
ra khá nhiӅX QKӳQJ WUX\ӅQ WKX\ӃW WURQJ WҩW Fҧ PӑL OƭQK YӵF Wӯ Eӝ ÿӝL
WuQK EiR ÿӃQ QKj EiR QKj Vѭ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ FKӍ Oj PӝW KX\ӅQ
WKRҥL WURQJ QKӳQJ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL GR ĈҧQJ WҥR UD QKѭQJ Oj KX\ӅQ WKRҥL
FӫD QKӳQJ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL FKR QrQ SKѭѫQJ SKiS WҥR GӵQJ FNJQJ SKҧL KӃW
VӭF ÿһF ELӋW /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ Oj PӝW ÿҧQJ YLrQ EұF WUXQJ ÿѭӧF JҫQ JӫL YӟL
QKLӅX FiQ Eӝ ³NKDL TXӕF F{QJ WKҫQ´ QrQ /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ YLӃW YӅ ÿRҥQ Qҫ\
UҩW WUXQJ WKӵF /Ĉ

.K{QJ ELӃW Fy NKL QjR VX\ QJүP OҥL QKӳQJ FiL ÿm TXD {QJ FҧP WKҩ\
QKӳQJ EҩW әQ WURQJ QKӳQJ Yӣ NӏFK GR PuQK WҥR UD KD\ NK{QJ QKѭQJ Wӯ
ErQ QJRjL QKLӅX QJѭӡL ÿm WKҩ\ NKi QKLӅX QKӳQJ EӵF EӝL EXӗQ SKLӅQ
gây ra cho ông bӣL FKtQK FiL ÿiP kP ELQK FiFK PҥQJ FӫD {QJ &y QKLӅX
FKX\ӋQ NK{QJ YXL Yҿ OҳP QKѭQJ FKX\ӋQ {QJ Eӏ FKR UD UuD VXӕW WURQJ
TXmQJ ÿӡL FzQ OҥL WUѭӟF NKL {QJ PҩW Oj ÿiQJ FK~ ê QKҩW 6DX &ҧL FiFK
ruӝQJ ÿҩW QăP ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF GR QKұS Wӯ 7UXQJ 4XӕF TXi WKҩW ÿӭF
Yj VDL OҫP {QJ ÿѭD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS X\ WtQ QKѭ FӗQ VDX ĈLӋQ %Lên
3Kӫ UD WKD\ PһW ĈҧQJ [LQ OӛL QKkQ GkQ VDX ÿy ÿӏQK VӁ OrQ WKӃ FKӛ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 251

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK OjP 7әQJ %t WKѭ /~F Eҩ\ JLӡ ӣ /Lên Xô, Krushchev
ÿDQJ WKҳQJ WKӃ YӟL ÿѭӡQJ OӕL KRj EuQK WURQJ ĈҧQJ 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ Fy
[X KѭӟQJ ҩ\

1KѭQJ WuQK KuQK 9LӋW 1DP OҥL NK{QJ WKXұQ OӧL ÿӇ SKiW WULӇQ 'R
FѭӡQJ ÿӝ FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK ӣ PLӅQ 1DP ÿm OrQ FDR ÿѭӡQJ OӕL TX\ӃW OLӋW
GQJ EҥR OӵF ÿӇ JLҧL TX\ӃW FKLӃQ WUDQK WKҳQJ WKӃ ÿm ÿѭD FiQK /r 'XҭQ
/r ĈӭF 7Kӑ OrQ QҳP TX\ӅQ

9Ӆ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WKu NӃW TXҧ DL FNJQJ QKuQ WKҩ\ Eӏ TX\ Oj Nҿ FҫP
ÿҫX FKӫ QJKƭD [pW OҥL Yj Eӏ WU GұS VXӕW PӝW WKӡL JLDQ GjL ÿӃQ NKL /ê
'XҭQ FKӃW PӟL WK{L &zQ YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WKu GѭӡQJ QKѭ FKҷQJ Fy Jì,
QKѭQJ WKұW Vӵ FNJQJ ÿm FKӏX Vӕ SKұQ FKXQJ YӟL WѭӟQJ *LiS %ên ngoài
WKu YүQ ÿL ÿk\ ÿL ÿy FKӍ ÿҥR YLӋF Qj\ YLӋF NLD QKѭQJ ErQ WURQJ ÿm GҫQ
Gj Eӏ F{ OұS FKӍ JLӳ YDL WUz FӫD PӝW QJӑQ Fӡ WѭӧQJ WUѭQJ NK{QJ Fy ҧQK
KѭӣQJ Ju OҳP WӟL QKӳQJ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK OӟQ

7KHR PӝW EjL YLӃW FӫD 9NJ .Ǥ ÿăQJ WUrQ PӝW Vӕ EiR 9ăQ QJKӋ ;XkQ
FiFK ÿk\ YjL QăP F{QJ ODR FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ FXӝF ³WәQJ WҩQ
F{QJ Yj QәL Gұ\´ YҿQ YҽQ FKӍ Fy EjL WKѫ ;XkQ Qj\ KѫQ KҷQ Pҩ\
[XkQ TXD 7KҳQJ OӧL WLQ YXL NKҳS PӑL QKj 6DX NKL JKL kP EjL WKѫ Qj\
WKu {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿѭD ÿL QJKӍ

9NJ .Ǥ WKXұW UҵQJ {QJ +ӗ FKӍ ELӃW QJj\ JLӡ FXӝF ³7әQJ WҩQ F{QJ Yà
QәL Gұ\´ Qә UD TXD ÿjL SKiW WKDQK QJKH ÿѭӧF ӣ QѫL {QJ ÿѭӧF JӱL ÿL QJKӍ
Oj %ҳF .LQK ± FQJ YӟL JLӑQJ ÿӑF FӫD {QJ UD Uҧ VXӕW QJj\ YӅ EjL YăQ
YҫQ QyL WUrQ 1KLӅX QJѭӡL ÿm QyL ÿӃQ QKLӅX NKX\QK KѭӟQJ ÿӕL QJKӏFK
QKDX WURQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKӡL FKLӃQ WUDQK QKѭQJ TXD FkX
FKX\ӋQ WUrQ WD WKҩ\ Fy KDL [X KѭӟQJ FKtQK WURQJ VXӕW PӝW WKӡL JLDQ
GjL /r 'XҭQ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿӕL ÿҫX YӟL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS

' VDR FKӃ ÿӝ YүQ FҫQ Vӵ WKLrQJ OLrQJ FӫD {QJ ÿӇ WҥR UD Vӵ WKLêng
liêng cho chính mình QrQ FiL FKӃW FӫD {QJ FNJQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF FiQK /ê
'XҭQ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ NKDL WKiF WULӋW ÿӇ ÿӇ ³[jL´ PӝW FiFK WKRҧL PiL
Ngày chӃW FӫD {QJ Oj Yu WUQJ YӟL QJj\ TXӕF NKiQK QrQ QJѭӡL WD GӡL
OҥL 7URQJ GL FK~F FXӕL FQJ {QJ PXӕQ ÿѭӧF KRҧ WiQJ Yj ÿHP
WUR UҧL [XӕQJ ELӇQ KRһF FK{Q YjR PӝW YQJ ÿҩW QjR ÿy QJѭӡL WD OҥL Eӓ
NK{QJ ELӃW EDR QKLӅX WLӅQ EҥF UD ѭӟS [iF Yj [k\ OăQJ QJKuQ ÿӡL FKR {QJ
4XD QKӳQJ Vӵ WKұW GR /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ ÿXD UD FK~QJ WD PӟL WKҩ\ U} JXӗQJ
Pi\ FDL WUӏ FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 UҩW Oj VҳW PiX QJD\ Fҧ +&0 Yà Võ Nguyên
*LiS FNJQJ SKҧL NKXҩW SKөF QӃX NK{QJ PXӕQ Eӏ WKӫ WLrX

1KӳQJ OӵD FKӑQ FKtQK WUӏ
&RQ QJѭӡL FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿѭӧF WKҫQ WKiQK KRi FKӍ QKҵP PөF
ÿtFK WKҫQ WKiQK KRi QKӳQJ OӵD FKӑQ FKtQK WUӏ FӫD {QJ FKR ĈҧQJ

252 LONG ĐIỀN