Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

WUDQJ GR JLiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PӝW PuQK YLӃW Yj [XҩW EҧQ QăP
Oj Eӝ ViFK ÿѭӧF SKә ELӃQ NӏS WKӡL Fә YNJ WLQK WKҫQ ÿҩX WUDQK
EҧR YӋ ÿҩW QѭӟF JLӳD O~F TXkQ 0ӻ WUӵF WLӃS FDQ WKLӋS YjR PLӅQ 1DP
9LӋW 1DP é QJKƭD ÿy ÿӕL YӟL [m KӝL UҩW TXDQ WUӑQJ90.

c. /ӏFK Vӱ JLDL FҩS F{QJ QKkQ 9LӋW 1DP 6DX NKL KRj EuQK OұS OҥL
PLӅQ %ҳF ÿL YjR FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL YDL WUz FӫD JLDL FҩS F{QJ QKkQ WUӣ QrQ
WUӵF WLӃS TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ Vӵ QJKLӋS YӯD ÿҩX WUDQK WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF
YӯD [k\ GӵQJ FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL *LiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PӝW PuQK YLӃW
FXӕQ ViFK JҫQ WUDQJ JӗP WұS Oj PӝW ÿyQJ JyS WR OӟQ WURQJ OƭQK
YӵF Wѭ WѭӣQJ JyS SKҫQ QkQJ FDR ê WKӭF WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD JLDL FҩS F{QJ
QKkQ 9LӋW 1DP Yj YDL WUz FӫD Qy WURQJ WRjQ WKӇ QKkQ GkQ

d. /ӏFK Vӱ FұQ ÿҥL 9LӋW 1DP %ӝ ViFK Qj\ JӗP WұS Gj\
WUDQJ FQJ YӟL FXӕQ /ӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP Gj\ WUDQJ ÿѭӧF [XҩW EҧQ
WURQJ QKӳQJ QăP GR 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKӫ ELrQ ÿm PDQJ ê
QJKƭD ÿһW QӅQ PyQJ FKR QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ FӭX OӏFK Vӱ WLӃS WKHR
GѭӟL iQK ViQJ FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ

e. 0LӅQ 1DP JLӳ YӳQJ WKjQK ÿӗQJ Eӝ ViFK ÿӗ Vӝ Qj\ GR JLiR Vѭ
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FNJQJ PӝW PuQK ELrQ VRҥQ %ӝ ViFK JӗP WұS Gj\
WUDQJ Oj ÿyQJ JyS OӟQ FӫD JLiR Vѭ WKӇ KLӋQ FKӫ QJKƭD DQK KQJ Yj ê FKt
NLrQ FѭӡQJ EҩW NKXҩW FӫD QKkQ GkQ PLӅQ 1DP

%ӝ ViFK WRiW UD PӝW QLӅP WLQ PmQK OLӋW ÿӕL YӟL WLQK WKҫQ FKLӃQ ÿҩX
FӫD QKkQ GkQ PLӅQ 1DP Yj Gӵ EiR PӝW FiFK ViQJ VXӕW Yj YӳQJ FKҳF
Vӵ VөS ÿә FӫD 0ӻ QJө\ Yj Vӵ WRjQ WKҳQJ FӫD QKkQ GkQ WD %ӝ ViFK ÿҫ\
WkP KX\ӃW Qj\ FӫD JLiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Fy WiF ÿӝQJ OӟQ ÿӕL YӟL [m KӝL
9LӋW 1DP Pj NK{QJ Eӝ ViFK QjR O~F ÿy Fy WKӇ VR ViQK ÿѭӧF

g. /ӏFK Vӱ Wѭ WѭӣQJ %ӝ ViFK Gj\ KѫQ WUDQJ Qj\ Oҩ\ WrQ Oj 6ӵ
SKiW WULӇQ FӫD Wѭ WѭӣQJ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ WKӃ Nӹ ;,; ÿӃQ &iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ
7iP 0ӝW FXӕQ YӅ KӋ ê WKӭF SKRQJ NLӃQ PӝW FXӕQ YӅ KӋ ê WKӭF Wѭ VҧQ
&ҧ KDL FXӕQ ÿӅX WUuQK Ej\ ÿһF ÿLӇP Yj Vӵ WKҩW EҥL FӫD QKӳQJ KӋ ê WKӭF
ҩ\ WUѭӟF FiF QKLӋP Yө OӏFK Vӱ

%ӝ ViFK SKkQ WtFK Yj SKr SKiQ Vӵ Pѫ Kӗ FӫD QKLӅX QJѭӡL YӅ QKӳQJ
TXDQ ÿLӇP Yj Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD SKRQJ NLӃQ Yj Wѭ VҧQ 9LӋW ÿӗQJ WKӡL NKҷQJ
ÿӏQK WtQK FKҩW NKRD KӑF Yj QKLӋP Yө OӏFK Vӱ FӫD KӋ ê WKӭF JLDL FҩS F{QJ
QKkQ 9LӋW 1DP &QJ YӟL Eӝ ViFK Qj\ FNJQJ SKҧL QKҳF WKrP ÿӃQ PӝW
FXӕQ ViFK NKiF FӫD JLiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 6ӵ NKӫQJ KRҧQJ FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ
QKj 1JX\ӉQ WUѭӟF

h. 9Ӆ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ GkQ WӝF *LiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FzQ YLӃW PӝW
FXӕQ ViFK Oҩ\ WrQ Oj *Li WUӏ WLQK WKҫQ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ FӫD GkQ WӝF 9LӋW
Nam Pj W{L Fy KkQ KҥQK YLӃW OӡL ÿӅ WӵD GjL WUDQJ &XӕQ ViFK [XҩW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 453

EҧQ OҫQ ÿҫX QăP Yj [XҩW EҧQ OҫQ WKӭ KDL QăP Gj\ WUDQJ

%jL QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FӫD ĈLQK ;XkQ /kP 3KҥP
+ӗQJ 7XQJ &691

http://www.100years.vnu.edu.vn:8080/BTDHQGHN/Vietnamese/
C1778/C1779/2006/05/N7773/?1

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 1Kj FiFK PҥQJ WLrX ELӇX KӑF JLҧ OӟQ PӝW QKkQ
FiFK OӟQ *LiR Vѭ 1Kj JLiR QKkQ GkQ $QK KQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX NK{QJ FKӍ Oj PӝW QKj FiFK PҥQJ WLrX ELӇX PӝW KӑF JLҧ OӟQ Pj
FKtQK Oj PӝW QKkQ FiFK OӟQ 1pW ÿһF VҳF QKҩW WURQJ QKkQ FiFK 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX Oj ӣ FKӛ FRQ QJѭӡL {QJ FKtQK Oj Vӵ KRj TX\ӋQ QKXҫQ QKX\ӉQ FӫD
PӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ \rX QѭӟF QKj FiFK PҥQJ FKX\rQ QJKLӋS QKj JLiR PүX
PӵF Yj QKj KӑF JLҧ X\rQ WKkP

1KѭQJ Fy OӁ QyL QKѭ WKӃ YүQ FKѭD ÿӫ %ҩW Fӭ DL ÿѭӧF JһS {QJ G
FKӍ WKRiQJ TXD KD\ ÿѭӧF VӕQJ Yj OjP YLӋF JҫQ JNJL YӟL {QJ ÿӅX QKұQ UD
UҩW U} UҵQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WUѭӟF KӃW Oj PӝW QKkQ VL 1DP %͡ ÿL͋Q KuQK
&KҩW 1DP %ӝ WRiW UD Wӯ WURQJ JLӑQJ QyL QpW FѭӡL WURQJ FiFK Fѭ [ӱ
KjQJ QJj\ FӫD {QJ YӯD QKkQ KұX EDR GXQJ QKѭQJ FNJQJ UҩW TX\ӃW OLӋW
WKҷQJ WKҳQ YӯD UҩW QJKLrP NKҳF QKѭQJ OҥL FKkQ WuQK QӗQJ ҩP Fy SKD
PӝW FK~W Ju ÿy UҩW KyP KӍQK YXL YXL YӯD FDR QJҥR Pj OҥL UҩW GXQJ Gӏ
9j Wӕ FKҩW 1DP %ӝ ҩ\ FNJQJ WKҭP WKҩX YjR PӛL F{QJ YLӋF {QJ OjP Wӯ
KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ FKR WӟL QJKLrQ FӭX NKRD KӑF WURQJ PӛL ê WѭӣQJ
Yj WUrQ WӯQJ WUDQJ YLӃW

&KҳF FKҳQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ WiF JLD ÿѭѫQJ ÿҥL OӟQ
QKҩW FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÐQJ NKӣL QJKLӋS NKҧR FӭX Yj WUѭӟF WiF Wӯ UҩW VӟP
ĈҫX QKӳQJ QăP FӫD WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF QJD\ NKL FzQ KӑF WҥL 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL
KӑF SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ PDQJ WrQ /rQLQ ӣ 0DW[FѫYD {QJ ÿm WKDP JLD VRҥQ
WKҧR Yj FKҳS E~W FKR PӝW Vӕ YăQ NLӋQ TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD 4XӕF WӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ
Fy OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ YLӋF FKӍ ÿҥR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 7ӯ QăP
ÿӃQ QăP VXӕW JҫQ QăP WURQJ QKj W ÿӃ TXӕF O~F ӣ .KiP
/ӟQ 6jL *zQ NKL ӣ &{Q ĈҧR Yj WURQJ WUҥL WұS WUXQJ 7j /jL 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX WKѭӡQJ [RD\ WUҫQ WUrQ QӅQ [L PăQJ FӫD [j OLP FһP FөL Et PұW
VRҥQ UD KjQJ FKөF WjL OLӋX WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ KXҩQ OX\ӋQ 9ѭӧW TXD Vӵ UuQK
UұS ÿzQ URL NKӫQJ Eӕ FӫD PұW WKiP Yӏ ³JLiR Vѭ ÿӓ´ QJj\ ҩ\ ÿm KăP
Kӣ WKDP JLD JLҧQJ Gҥ\ FKR FiF OӟS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FӫD ĈҧQJ ӣ WURQJ W JyS
SKҫQ WUDQJ Eӏ FKR QKLӅX OӟS FiQ Eӝ ÿҧQJ YLrQ QKӳQJ WUL WKӭF Oê OXұQ
Yj Nӻ QăQJ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ Wә FKӭF FӕW \ӃX QKҩW 1KLӅX ³KӑF YLrQ´ FӫD
³WUѭӡQJ ÿҥL KӑF FiFK PҥQJ´ ҩ\ VDX Qj\ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK FiQ Eӝ FDR FҩS FӫD
ĈҧQJ QKѭ 7{Q ĈӭF 7KҳQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ 3KDQ ĈuQK .KҧL /r ĈӭF
7Kӑ 7URQJ QKӳQJ QJj\ WKiQJ JҩS U~W FKҥ\ ÿXD YӟL WKӡL JLDQ FKXҭQ

454 LONG ĐIỀN

Eӏ OӵF OѭӧQJ JLjQK FKtQK TX\ӅQ ӣ 6jL *zQ Yj 1DP .Ǥ WUѭӟF &iFK PҥQJ
WKiQJ 7iP ÿtFK WKkQ %t WKѭ [ӭ Xӹ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX VRҥQ UD QKLӅX
FXӕQ ViFK QKӓ OjP WjL OLӋX KXҩQ OX\ӋQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ WURQJ F{QJ QKkQ Yj
QKҩW Oj WURQJ JLӟL WUt WKӭF F{QJ FKӭF FDR FҩS ÿӇ TXD ÿy EҵQJ Oê OXұQ Yj
QKLӋW KX\ӃW WKX\ӃW SKөF O{L NpR Kӑ YӅ SKtD FiFK PҥQJ 7LӃF UҵQJ FKR
WӟL QD\ SKҫQ OӟQ QKӳQJ WiF SKҭP Qj\ FӫD {QJ KLӇQ QKLrQ Oj Fy JLi WUӏ
ÿһF ELӋW FzQ ÿDQJ Eӏ WKҩW OҥF FKѭD WuP OҥL ÿѭӧF EDR QKLrX

&iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP WKjQK F{QJ QJj\ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KRj UD ÿӡL QKѭQJ FKӍ JҫQ WXҫQ VDX WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ÿm
Q~S EyQJ TXkQ $QK TXD\ OҥL SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK QKҵP WiL OұS FKӃ ÿӝ
WKӵF GkQ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP 1KkQ GkQ 1DP %ӝ Oj QKӳQJ FKLӃQ Vƭ WLrQ SKRQJ
DQK GNJQJ ÿӕL ÿҫX YӟL TXkQ 3KiS 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿӭQJ ӣ Yӏ WUt WLrQ
SKRQJ WURQJ ÿӝL TXkQ WLrQ SKRQJ ҩ\ 1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF JӑL UD FKLӃQ
NKX 9LӋW %ҳF ÿѭӧF JLDR QKLӅX QKLӋP Yө NKiF QKDX 7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ
{QJ Oj *LiP ÿӕF Oj JLiR Vѭ WUӵF WLӃS JLҧQJ Gҥ\ ӣ 7UѭӡQJ 'ӵ Eӏ
ĈҥL KӑF WURQJ YQJ Wӵ GR 7KDQK 1JKӋ 7ƭQK 7KӡL NǤ Qj\ {QJ YүQ
WLӃS WөF YLӃW FKӫ \ӃX Oj FiF WjL OLӋX Oê OXұQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ KXҩQ OX\ӋQ
FKtQK WUӏ

6DX WKҳQJ OӧL FӫD FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ JLiR Vѭ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD QӅQ ÿҥL
KӑF 9LӋW 1DP PӟL JyS SKҫQ [k\ QӅQ ÿҳS PyQJ FKR Vӵ KuQK WKjQK Yj
SKiW WULӇQ FӫD 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 6ѭ SKҥP Yj 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 7әQJ KӧS
+j 1ӝL Ĉk\ Oj NKRҧQJ WKӡL JLDQ Fy WtQK FKҩW EѭӟF QJRһW WURQJ FXӝF
ÿӡL {QJ 7ӯ ÿk\ KRҥW ÿӝQJ KӑF WKXұW WUӣ WKjQK OƭQK YӵF KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKtQK
Pj {QJ GjQK WUӑQ YҽQ WKӡL JLDQ QLӅP ÿDP Pr WUt WXӋ Yj QKLӋW KX\ӃW
ÿӇ FӕQJ KLӃQ KӃW PuQK 1KӳQJ QJj\ ÿҫX WLrQ ҩ\ Fѫ Vӣ FӫD WUѭӡQJ ÿҥL
KӑF UҩW QJKqR QjQ WKҫ\ WKLӃX WjL OLӋX ÿӇ Gҥ\ WUz WKLӃX ViFK ÿӇ KӑF
7URQJ EӕL FҧQK ÿy QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK NKRD KӑF ÿҫX WLrQ Pj 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX ELrQ VRҥQ QKѭ ³7UL͇W K͕F SK͝ WK{QJ´ ³&K͙QJ [kP OăQJ´ WұS
1956 ³/͓FK V͵ 9L͏W 1DP´ YLӃW FKXQJ ³*LDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ
9L͏W 1DP´ Fy JLi WUӏ QKѭ QKӳQJ FҭP QDQJ FKR WKҫ\ Yj WUz FiF
QJjQK NKRD KӑF [m KӝL QKkQ YăQ

7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP {QJ FKX\ӇQ YӅ F{QJ WiF WҥL 9LӋQ 6ӱ
KӑF WKXӝF 8ӹ EDQ .KRD KӑF ;m KӝL 9LӋW 1DP FKX\rQ WkP FKR F{QJ
YLӋF NKҧR FӭX WUѭӟF WiF Ĉk\ FKtQK Oj WKӡL NǤ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX F{QJ Eӕ
QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK ÿӗ Vӝ QKҩW FӫD FXӝF ÿӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ KӑF WKXұW FӫD {QJ
QKӳQJ WiF SKҭP ÿѭӧF WUDR WһQJ *LҧL WKѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FDR TXê
WURQJ ÿy QәL EұW OrQ Oj FiF Eӝ ViFK ³/͓FK V͵ F̵Q ÿ̩L 9L͏W 1DP´ FKӫ
ELrQ JӗP WұS ³*LDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ 9L͏W 1DP´ WұS
1962 - 1963), “0L͉Q 1DP JLͷ YͷQJ WKjQK ÿ͛QJ´ WұS

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 455

và “6͹ SKiW WUL͋Q FͯD W˱ W˱ͧQJ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP Wͳ JLͷD WK͇ Nͽ ;,; ÿ͇Q &iFK
P̩QJ WKiQJ 7iP´ WұS

6DX NKL PLӅQ 1DP ÿѭӧF JLҧL SKyQJ ÿҩW QѭӟF WKӕQJ QKҩW {QJ YӅ
VӕQJ ӣ WKjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7ӯ ÿy WӟL QD\ PһF G WXәL FDR VӭF
NKRҿ FNJQJ NK{QJ FzQ ÿѭӧF QKѭ WUѭӟF QӳD QKѭQJ {QJ YүQ WLӃS WөF PLӋW
PjL NKҧR FӭX VX\ QJүP KRjQ WKLӋQ QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK ÿm ҩS ӫ Wӯ WUѭӟF
ÿy Yj F{QJ Eӕ QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK PӟL +ӑF WUz QKLӅX WKӃ KӋ Wӯ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL WӯQJ ÿѭӧF {QJ NqP FһS QD\ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK QKӳQJ KӑF JLҧ GDQK
WLӃQJ FKR WӟL OӟS VLQK YLrQ PӟL FKұS FKӳQJ YjR QJKӅ ÿӑF ViFK {QJ
YLӃW Yj Wӵ QKұQ Oj P{Q VLQK JLiQ WLӃS FӫD {QJ YүQ NpR QKDX YӅ [LQ JһS
{QJ ÿӇ ÿѭӧF QJKH {QJ QyL WKҩ\ {QJ FѭӡL ÿѭӧF {QJ FKӍ GүQ FKR QKLӅX
ÿLӅX +ӑF JLҧ QѭӟF QJRjL G YӟL QKLӅX TXӕF WӏFK Yj FKtQK NLӃQ NKiF
QKDX QKѭQJ QӃX QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ 9LӋW 1DP WKӡL FұQ KLӋQ ÿҥL Pj FKѭD
ÿѭӧF JһS {QJ ÿӇ SKӓQJ YҩQ ÿӇ WKDP EiF Yj WUDQK OXұQ WKu YүQ FzQ Wӵ
FRL QKѭ FKѭD ³ÿҳF ÿҥR´

&iF F{QJ WUuQK ÿѭӧF WX\ӇQ FKӑQ Yj F{QJ Eӕ WURQJ WұS , Yj ,, FӫD Eӝ
sách “7iF SḴP ÿ˱ͫF W̿QJ *L̫L WK˱ͧQJ +͛ &Kt 0LQK´ ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ Oj
QKӳQJ F{QJ WUuQK WLrX ELӇX QKҩW FӫD {QJ 0һF G KDL WұS ViFK ÿm UҩW ÿӗ
Vӝ YӟL WәQJ FӝQJ WUDQJ QKѭQJ ÿy FNJQJ FKӍ WKӇ KLӋQ ÿѭӧF PӝW
SKҫQ QKӓ QKӳQJ FӕQJ KLӃQ KӑF WKXұW Pj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm GkQJ WһQJ
FKR FiFK PҥQJ GkQ WӝF Yj QӅQ NKRD KӑF [m KӝL QKkQ YăQ 9LӋW 1DP

1Kѭ ÿm QyL ӣ WUrQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX NKӣL QJKLӋS WUѭӟF WiF Wӯ UҩW VӟP
ӣ OƭQK YӵF Oê OXұQ FKtQK WUӏ 1JRjL FiF WjL OLӋX WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ KXҩQ
OX\ӋQ {QJ FNJQJ ELrQ VRҥQ NKi QKLӅX ViFK WULӃW KӑF NLQK WӃ FKtQK WUӏ
NKҧR OXұQ YăQ FKѭѫQJ 1KѭQJ Vӱ KӑF FKtQK Oj OƭQK YӵF Pj WҥL ÿy {QJ
ÿm NKҷQJ ÿӏQK U} UjQJ QKҩW ÿyQJ JyS WR OӟQ Yj X\ WtQ KӑF WKXұW EDR WUP
FӫD PuQK

ҦQK KѭӣQJ Yj X\ WtQ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WURQJ OƭQK YӵF QJKLrQ FӭX
OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP FұQ KLӋQ ÿҥL ÿѭӧF NKҷQJ ÿӏQK WUѭӟF KӃW NK{QJ SKҧL
EӣL Yu Vӕ OѭӧQJ NKәQJ Oӗ FiF F{QJ WUuQK {QJ ÿm F{QJ Eӕ Pj FKtQK Oj ӣ
FiFK WL͇S F̵Q và WKiL ÿ͡ QJKLrP W~F QJK͉ QJKL͏S {QJ WKӇ KLӋQ QKҩW TXiQ
WURQJ WҩW Fҧ FiF F{QJ WUuQK ÿy .K{QJ QJKL QJӡ Ju UҵQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
Oj PӝW Vӱ JLD PiF [tW &KҩW PiF [tW QyL QKѭ OӡL FӫD PӝW KӑF WUz FӫD {QJ
*6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ ÿm ³ăQ´ YjR PiX WKӏW {QJ

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PӝW FiFK UҩW ULrQJ WURQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Pj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WLӃS FұQ Yj
QJKLrQ FӭX OӏFK VL &KҳF FKҳQ Oj {QJ WKXӝF YjR WKӃ KӋ QKӳQJ WUt WKӭF
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FiFK KRjQ WRjQ GX\ Oê NKRD KӑF Yj ÿӕL [ӱ YӟL KӑF WKX\ӃW 0iF /rQLQ

456 LONG ĐIỀN

PӝW FiFK NKRD KӑF ÿ~QJ QKѭ 0iF WӯQJ ÿzL KӓL 1Kӡ WKӃ Pj WURQJ NKL
YұQ GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS OXұQ PiF [tW YjR QJKLrQ FӭX OӏFK Vӱ GkQ WӝF ông
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CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 457

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Élite ÿӫ ORҥL &KӍ Fy WURQJ FiF F{QJ WUuQK QyL WUrQ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKu
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458 LONG ĐIỀN

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VҧQ [XҩW Yj WUҩQ iS JLDL FҩS Wѭ VҧQ WKjQK F{QJ EҵQJ FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{
VҧQ VӁ Wӵ Qy WLrX YRQJ &iL QKj QѭӟF VӁ FKӃW GҫQ VDX FiFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ
ҩ\ /rQLQ WKLrQ WjL FzQ JӑL Qy Oj ©Q͵D QKj Q˱ͣFª EӣL Yu Qy VӁ Wӯ Wӯ PҩW
ÿL FiL FKӭF QăQJ FKtQK WUӏ ÿӇ FKӍ FzQ Oj PӝW Fѫ TXDQ KjQK FKiQK WUѭӟF
NKL EѭӟF YjR YLӋQ EҧR WjQJ ÿӗ Fә

&kX FKX\ӋQ ©PӝW QӱDª ÿӃQ ÿk\ FKӍ PӟL ÿѭӧF PӝW QӱD ÿy Oj
FiL QӱD WUrQ YăQ EҧQ WUrQ Oê WKX\ӃW &iL QӱD NLD QӱD WURQJ FXӝF ÿӡL
WURQJ WKӵF WLӉQ KuQK QKѭ OҥL SKiW WULӇQ WKHR PӝW FKLӅX KѭӟQJ KRjQ WRjQ
WUiL QJѭӧF &y PӝW NKRҧQJ FiFK OӟQ JLӳD QKӳQJ Eӝ Pi\ FKiQK TX\ӅQ
ӣ FiF QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ KLӋQ QD\ YӟL FiL ©Q͵D QKj Q˱ͣFª G FKѭD WjQ
OөL FӫD {QJ /rQLQ ÿӫ OӟQ ÿӇ OjP ÿLrQ ÿҫX QKLӅX WKӃ KӋ WUt WKӭF [m KӝL
FKӫ QJKƭD

Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP {QJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PӝW Vӱ JLD OmR WKjQK ÿm WӯQJ OăQ
OӝQ OkX ÿӡL JLӳD FKӗQJ ViFK Yӣ NLQK ÿLӇQ FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ /rQLQ
PӟL ÿk\ ÿm WK~ QKұQ ©1Kj Q˱ͣF Qy VLQK UD QKL͉X Y̭Q ÿ͉ JKr JͣP O̷P
Pj W̭W F̫ QKͷQJ QKj NKRD K͕F WURQJ ÿy Fy W{L NK{QJ ÿͯ FDQ ÿ̫P ÿ͋
QJKLrQ FͱX 7̩L OjP VDR QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL FiFK P̩QJ Yj NKiQJ FKL͇Q QK˱
FK~QJ WD O̩L [k\ G͹QJ P͡W QKj Q˱ͣF TXDQ OLrX NK{QJ DL E̹QJ P͡W W͑QK
7KDQK +yD ÿ{QJ QKkQ YLrQ K˯Q WRjQ E͡ ç{QJ '˱˯QJ WKͥL 3KiS WKX͡F
P͡W QKj Q˱ͣF O̩ OQJ QK˱ WK͇ U͛L F̫ Q˱ͣF 9L͏W 1DP Qj\ FNJQJ W˱˯QJ W͹
WKu O̭\ FiL Ju Pj QX{L QKj Q˱ͣF 7̩R UD Qy Pj ÿ͋ FKR Qy QJKqR WKu Qy
ăQ WU͡P WU̫ FKR Qy PͱF O˱˯QJ FK͇W ÿyL WKu Qy SK̫L EyF O͡W Q{QJ
GkQ W{L ÿm E̫\ P˱˯L P̭\ WX͝L ÿͥL QK˱QJ FK˱D WK̭\ WKͥL NǤ QjR Pj
QJ˱ͥL Q{QJ GkQ QJKqR QK˱ Ek\ JLͥ 7̩L OjP VDR" 9u SK̫L QX{L FiL
E͡ Pi\ QKj Q˱ͣF WR TXi ª 7XәL 7Uҿ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 461

ÐQJ 0DU[ ÿm ÿӏQK QJKƭD QKj QѭӟF QKѭ PӝW F{QJ Fө WKӕQJ WUӏ JLDL
FҩS ÿLӅX ҩ\ Fy WKӇ UҩW ÿ~QJ tW QKҩW YjR WKӡL ÿLӇP ҩ\ %k\ JLӡ Vӵ WKӇ
NK{QJ KҷQ YүQ FzQ QKѭ Yұ\ WURQJ FiF QѭӟF Wѭ EҧQ QKj QѭӟF PӛL QJj\
FjQJ KjQK [ӱ JLӕQJ QKѭ PӝW QJѭӡL WUӑQJ WjL JLӳD FiF QJKLӋS ÿRjQ
FKӫ WKӧ 1KѭQJ ÿy Oj FKX\ӋQ NKiF YҩQ ÿӅ ӣ ÿk\ Oj OӕL ÿӏQK QJKƭD FӫD
{QJ 0DU[ ÐQJ ÿm ÿӏQK QJKƭD QKj QѭӟF EҵQJ FiL FKӭF QăQJ FӫD Qy Yj
NK{QJ tW QJѭӡL ÿm [HP {QJ QKѭ QKj WLrQ SKRQJ FӫD PӝW WUѭӡQJ SKiL
[m KӝL KӑF Yj GkQ WӝF KӑF JӑL Oj SKkQ WtFK FKӭF QăQJ PӝW OӕL Wѭ GX\
UҩW SKә ELӃQ Yj SKRQJ SK~ ӣ WKӃ Nӹ VDX ÈS GөQJ FKһW FKӁ Yj WULӋW ÿӇ
FiFK QJKLrQ FӭX Qj\ Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKiW KLӋQ UD QKLӅX Vӵ WKӵF ÿiQJ ÿӇ
VX\ QJүP

0ӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ OXұQ ÿLӇP FăQ EҧQ FӫD SKѭѫQJ SKiS FKӭF QăQJ Oj
FKͱF QăQJ W̩R UD F˯ TXDQ FKӭF QăQJ WUҩQ iS JLDL FҩS ÿҿ UD QKj QѭӟF
PӝW OXұQ ÿLӇP Fѫ Vӣ NKiF Oj ḘW NǤ P͡W F˯ F̭X QjR NKL ÿm ÿ̫P QK̵Q
FQJ P͡W FKͱF QăQJ YͣL P͡W F˯ TXDQ FNJQJ Fy WK͋ ÿ˱ͫF [HP Oj P͡W F˯
TXDQ W˱˯QJ ÿ˱˯QJ 7KHR TX\ FKӃ FӫD FiF ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ WKu PӑL ÿҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ ÿӅX Oj QKӳQJ Wә FKӭF FKLӃQ ÿҩX FӫD JLDL FҩS F{QJ QKkQ QKҵP
JLjQK Oҩ\ FKiQK TX\ӅQ Yj iS ÿһW FKӃ ÿӝ FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ çL͉X
TXDQ WU͕QJ Yj U} UjQJ ͧ ÿk\ Oj VDX NKL Q̷P FKiQK TX\͉Q ÿ̫QJ
F͡QJ V̫Q QK̭W TX\͇W SK̫L WUͧ WKjQK P͡W F{QJ Fͭ WṶQ iS QJKLrP QK̿W
FͯD JLDL F̭S Y{ V̫Q QJKƭD Oj PӝW ©QKj QѭӟFª WKHR ÿӏQK QJKƭD FKӭF
QăQJ FӫD .DUO 0DU[ 9j ÿk\ Oj PӝW ©QKj QѭӟFª NK{QJ QKӳQJ Wӵ WKkQ
WӗQ WҥL QKѭQJ NK{QJ ê WKӭF ÿѭӧF YDL WUz FӫD PuQK Pj FzQ Wӵ JLiF ê
WKӭF FDR ÿӝ ©QKLӋP Yө OӏFK Vӱª FӫD Qy NK{QJ FK͑ Oj P͡W ©QKj
Q˱ͣFª ͧ WURQJ QKj Q˱ͣF Pj FzQ Oj P͡W ©QKj Q˱ͣFª ÿͱQJ WUrQ QKj
Q˱ͣF P͡W ©VLrX QKj Q˱ͣFª

©ç̫QJ OmQK ÿ̩R QKj Q˱ͣF TX̫Q Oêª ÿy Oj Eӝ Pi\ FKiQK TX\ӅQ WҥL
FiF QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ QyL FKXQJ Yj ӣ 9LӋW 1DP QyL ULrQJ &ҩS EұF OmQK
ÿҥR FiL Fѫ FҩX WѭѫQJ ÿѭѫQJ YӟL QKj QѭӟF Wѭ EҧQ Oj Wә FKӭF çҧQJ EӣL
Yu Qy Fy FQJ FKӭF QăQJ WUҩQ iS Yj QҳP WKӵF TX\ӅQ WUӏ JLi FӫD Qy tW
QKҩW Oj PӝW &ҩS EұF TXҧQ Oê FiL DQK QKj QѭӟF E QKuQ KӳX GDQK Y{
WKӵF FKӍ ÿiQJ JӑL Oj ©QKj QѭӟFª KD\ QyL QKѭ /rQLQ ©QӱD QKj QѭӟFª
WUӏ JLi FӫD Qy ÿ~QJ Oj PӝW QӱD &iF {QJ WUt WKӭF [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD ѫL
Fӭ WKӱ FӝQJ OҥL Pj [HP PӝW YӟL PӝW QӱD ÿkX SKҧL Oj PӝW KD\ PӝW QӱD
Pj Oj PӝW UѭӥL /jP Ju Fy FKX\ӋQ Wӯ PӝW [XӕQJ PӝW QӱD UӗL WLrX YRQJ
WKjQK Vӕ NK{QJ &KӍ Fy FKX\ӋQ Wӯ PӝW OrQ PӝW UѭӥL QӃX NK{QJ SKҧL Oj
KDL WLӅQ ÿӅ FӫD PӝW WKҧP NӏFK Yj PӝW EL KjL NӏFK

462 LONG ĐIỀN

&iL WKҧP NӏFK ӣ ÿk\ Oj KDL WҫQJ iS EӭF ÐQJ *LjX YLӃW WLӃS «Cái
E͡ Pi\ ÿy Qy ÿq Q̿QJ WUrQ Q{QJ GkQ Yj F{QJ QKkQª WUt WKͱF [m
K͡L FKͯ QJKƭD QͷD FKͱ 7URQJ ÿҫX {QJ FiL Eӝ Pi\ ÿy Oj QKj QѭӟF
WKұW UD Qy Oj Eӝ Pi\ çҧQJ QKj QѭӟF QӃX PXӕQ QyL WKұW FKtQK GDQK
7URQJ FiF QѭӟF Wѭ EҧQ QKj QѭӟF Wѭ EҧQ ÿm WKӯD ELӃW Wӯ OkX Oj Qy NK{QJ
Fy NKҧ QăQJ QX{L VӕQJ PӑL QJѭӡL QӃX NK{QJ Fy QKӳQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ NLQK
GRDQK FӫD [m KӝL GkQ Vӵ Ӣ FiF TXӕF JLD FKұP WLӃQ ÿL WKHR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
Wѭ EҧQ QKj QѭӟF ÿm SKҧL FzQJ OѭQJ WKD\ WKӃ PӝW WҫQJ OӟS Wѭ VҧQ GkQ WӝF
YҳQJ PһW KRһF TXi \ӃX ӟW 7uQK KuQK FӫD QKӳQJ QѭӟF FKұP WLӃQ SKLrX
OѭX YjR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ FӝQJ VҧQ FzQ EL ÿiW KѫQ QKj QѭӟF ÿm NK{QJ WKӃ
FKkQ WұS WKӇ Wѭ QKkQ VҧQ [XҩW QәL Yu OӕL OjP ăQ SKҧQ NLQK WӃ Yj QKӳQJ
JLҧ WKX\ӃW VDL EpW YӅ NLQK WӃ WkP Oê KӑF Pj FzQ SKҧL QX{L GѭӥQJ Fҧ
PӝW Eҫ\ FiQ Eӝ NLӇP VRiW ©ăQ WKHRª çy FNJQJ Oj Oê GR NKLӃQ FiF TXӕF
JLD Ĉ{QJ ÆX G NKi JLҧ KѫQ O~F ÿҫX FNJQJ NK{QJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ FҩW
FiQK $L QX{L KjQJ WULӋX ÿҧQJ YLrQ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ NKL FiF ÿҧQJ Qj\ OrQ
QҳP FKiQK TX\ӅQ QӃX NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QKj QѭӟF QJKƭD Oj QyL FKR FQJ
QKkQ GkQ" çk\ Oj PӝW FkX KӓL NKy OzQJ WUiQK Qp PmL

©ĂQ WU͡Pª và ©EyF O͡Wª FiL Eӝ Pi\ ÿy YүQ WKHR OӡL {QJ *LjX
còn ©NK{QJ Fy KL͏X O͹Fª 9j ÿk\ Oj PӝW EL KjL NӏFK ÿtFK WKӵF ©ç̫QJ
OmQK ÿ̩R QKj Q˱ͣF TX̫Q Oêª WKӵF FKҩW FӫD FiL KӧS ÿӗQJ FKtQK
WUӏ FKҥ\ OjQJ Qj\ Oj FKX\ӋQ 7K̹QJ 0 &}QJ 7K̹QJ 4Xq WkQ WKӡL
7KҵQJ TXq ©OmQK ÿҥRª FzQ PҳW QKѭQJ WLP yF FNJQJ ÿm P OzD QKuQ ÿkX
FNJQJ FKӍ WKҩ\ WRjQ QKӳQJ Nҿ WK FҫQ SKҧL WLrX GLӋW OҥL PҳF EӋQK FKӫ
TXDQ NK{QJ SKkQ ELӋW QәL PӝQJ YӟL WKӵF FKӍ YӁ UһW QKӳQJ ÿѭӡQJ WҳW OiR
OӃX WKҵQJ P ©TXҧQ Oêª EѭӟF ÿL FӫD Fҧ FһS Fӭ Fҧ WLQ \ WKHR OӡL KѭӟQJ
GүQ Pj ©WL͇Q QKDQK WL͇Q P̩QK WL͇Q YͷQJ FK̷Fª YjR WRjQ QKӳQJ FKӛ
FKӃW 6DX ÿy WKҵQJ TXq EӍ әL FzQ QKDP QKӣ EXӝF WӝL EҥQ ÿm F}QJ Qy
[XӕQJ Kӕ 1Kj QѭӟF FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP WUѭӟF çҧQJ QKѭQJ çҧQJ NK{QJ
FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP YӟL DL Fҧ 0ѭӡL Pҩ\ QăP WUӡL [k\ GӵQJ FKӫ QJKƭD [m
KӝL Oj QJҫQ ҩ\ QăP Kӫ\ KRҥL FӝQJ ÿӗQJ GkQ WӝF SKXQJ SKt VLQK OӵF Yj
WjL QJX\rQ TXӕF JLD

9Ӆ VDX /rQLQ ÿm WKDQ WKӣ WURQJ FK~F WKѭ Oj UӕW FXӝF FiFK
PҥQJ ÿm FKӍ ©O̭\ O̩L E͡ Pi\ QKj Q˱ͣF FNJ FͯD 1JD +RjQJ Yj FͯD JLDL
F̭S W˱ V̫Qª 1KѭQJ FkX FKX\ӋQ ©PӝW QӱDª ÿӃQ ÿk\ ÿkX ÿm KӃW /rQLQ
Yƭ ÿҥL ÿm EyL QKҫP Yu EӋQK ҩX WUƭ" ©QyQJ Y͡L FiFK P̩QJª EjQ YӅ QKj
QѭӟF Pj OҥL TXrQ NKXҩ\ YDL WUz WDL KҥL FӫD FiF ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ GR FKtQK
WD\ {QJ GӵQJ OrQ NKX{Q PүX 1KӳQJ ÿӗ ÿӋ FӫD {QJ QJj\ QD\ OҥL PҳF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 463

EӋQK JLj QXD" ©OͳQJ NKͳQJ F̫L O˱˯QJª QӱD ѭQJ FҧL Wә QKj QѭӟF QӱD
OҥL TXi ӟQ FiL EjQ WD\ XӕQ QҳQ FӫD çҧQJ FKR QrQ Fӭ WKѭӡQ WKѭӧW YjR
ra...

©%kQJ NKXkQJ ÿͱQJ JLͷD KDL GzQJ Q˱ͣFª

©%k\ JLͥ SK̫L V͵D Qy QK˱ WK͇ QjR"ª ÐQJ *LjX K{ KRiQ Yj NrX JӑL
Vӵ WKDP JLD FӫD QKӳQJ QKj NKRD KӑF [m KӝL çk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW YҩQ
ÿӅ NKRD KӑF WUӯ SKL Oj WKӭ NKRD KӑF JLҧ Fҫ\ PiF[tW OrQLQQtW Qy Oj PӝW
YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WUӏ +m\ NpR Fә WKҵQJ TXq \rX TXiL [XӕQJ ÿѭD KҳQ ÿ{L
QҥQJ Jӛ EXӝF KҳQ SKҧL FKҩP GӭW NLӃS VӕQJ ăQ EiP WҳF WUiFK TXtW OjP
FDP FKӏX NKL WKҩW EҥL FDP OjP TXtW KѭӣQJ NKL WKjQK F{QJ FKӍ ÿѭӡQJ
FKR KҳQ YjR EӋQK YLӋQ WkP WKҫQ QӃX FҫQ Yj WUҧ FKR WKҵQJ P Fk\ Jұ\
Gz ÿѭӡQJ G ÿXL P QKѭQJ FzQ ÿӫ WkP WUt NKL Fy Wӵ GR Yj WUiFK QKLӋP
KҳQ Fy WKӇ Wӵ [RD\ [ӣ Oҩ\ PӝW PuQK +m\ EҳW EXӝF çҧQJ SKҧL YҩW Eӓ FiL
Oi QKR QKj QѭӟF JiQK FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP WUѭӟF QKkQ GkQ YӅ PӑL WKҩW EҥL
FKҩS QKұQ OXұW ÿjR WKҧL FӫD WҥR KyD U~W OXL NKL NK{QJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ JLҧL
TX\ӃW QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ OӟQ QKӓ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿӇ QKj QѭӟF NK{QJ FzQ Eӏ
NKX\QK ORiW WUӣ YӅ YӟL FѭѫQJ Yӏ PӝW QKj QѭӟF FӫD WRjQ WKӇ QKkQ GkQ
WURQJ ÿy Fy QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ WKұW Vӵ TXӕF JLD WURQJ
Wӵ GR Yj WLQK WKҫQ WUiFK QKLӋP

4X\ӃW WkP ©J͕L FRQ PqR Oj FRQ PqRª Oj ÿLӅX UҩW ÿiQJ FD QJӧL 9ӟL
ÿLӅX NLӋQ Oj PӝW WURQJ KDL Yӏ WUt FӫD Wӯ FRQ PqR WURQJ FkX NK{QJ ÿѭӧF
dành cho «con mèo gâu gâu» FӫD WUѭӡQJ SKiL %~W 7UH Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP
KLӇQ QKLrQ Oj Fy YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK TX\ӅQ 1KѭQJ ÿy FKӍ Oj YҩQ ÿӅ QKj QѭӟF
ӣ EӅ PһW WURQJ FKLӅX VkX Yj FKLӅX Gj\ Qy FKӫ \ӃX Oj YҩQ ÿӅ çҧQJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ ©çiQKª QKj QѭӟF WUѭӟF F{QJ OXұQ FKӍ PӟL Oj ÿѭD UD PӝW QӱD Vӵ
WKӵF 0ӝW QKj YăQ Qӳ WUDQK ÿҩX WURQJ QѭӟF 'ѭѫQJ 7KX +ѭѫQJ Fy OҫQ
ÿm YLӃW KD\ WUtFK ÿkX ÿy ©1͵D FiL EiQK Pu Y̳Q Oj EiQK Pu QK˱QJ Q͵D
V͹ WK͹F NK{QJ SK̫L Oj V͹ WK͹Fª &y WKӇ FzQ WӋ KѫQ ÿҧ NtFK QKj QѭӟF
WKyD Pҥ WKҵQJ P WKӵF FKҩW Fy WKӇ Oj PѭX WRDQ FKӕQJ ÿӥ FKR çҧQJ
FKH FKӣ FKR WKҵQJ TXq Nҿ WKұW Vӵ PDQJ WUӑQJ WӝL

.K{QJ ÿL ÿӃQ FiL NӃW OXұQ ҩ\ W{L FKR UҵQJ SKRQJ FiFK QKѭ WKӃ
NK{QJ SKҧL Oj SKRQJ FiFK WUt WKӭF WUDQK ÿҩX QKѭ WKӃ FNJQJ NK{QJ SKҧL
Oj ÿҩX WUDQK Fy UӝQJ UmL OҳP FNJQJ FKӍ JӑL ÿѭӧF Oj FKX\ӋQ ÿҩX WUDQK QӱD
YӡL QӱD WURQJ QӱD QJRjL QѭӟF FӫD FiF {QJ ©QӱD WUt WKӭFª .K{QJ WKӇ
FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿD QJX\rQ Pj FKҷQJ GiP F{QJ NKDL ÿzL KӓL çҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
SKҧL FKҩP GӭW WUz ÿӝF GLӉQ K{ KjR GkQ FKӫ Pj YүQ FKӍ Kҥ E~W YLӃW QәL

464 LONG ĐIỀN

KDL FKӳ ©ÿӕL WUӑQJª WKD\ Yu ÿӕL OұS

... ©&K͕Q P͡W GzQJ KD\ ÿ͋ Q˱ͣF WU{L"ª

1ӃX FKѭD VҹQ VjQJ GӭW NKRiW WӕW KѫQ Km\ WҥP QJӯQJ 9Ӆ QKj EҳF
QӱD ҩP QѭӟF SKD QӱD EuQK WUj [iFK QӱD JyL ÿұX SKӝQJ OrQ JLѭӡQJ ÿҳS
FKăQ ÿӃQ QӱD QJӵF ÿӑF 1͵D &KͳQJ ;XkQ (hay 1͵D çͥL +˱˯QJ 3K̭Q),
FzQ Fy ê QJKƭD KѫQ G FKӍ QKұS QKҵQJ ©ÿ{L FRQ P̷W ͙ P̭\ O͑P GLPª
ÿӑF PӛL ErQ ÿѭӧF EҵQJ QӱD FRQ PҳW

3KDQ &{QJ /XұQ
7+Ð1* /8Ұ1 Vӕ WKiQJ

-1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FӫD %6 7UҫQ 1JѭѫQ 3KLrX

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ± 1Kj *LiR 1KkQ 'kQ""
75̮1 1*8ˮ1 3+,Ç8

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PӝW QKkQ YұW FKӫ FKӕW WURQJ WKӡL 9LӋW 0LQK JLjQK
ÿѭӧF FKiQK TX\ӅQ ӣ 1DP %ӝ YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP ÿm Wӵ
SKRQJ FKӭF &Kӫ WӏFK ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK FKiQK /kP WKӡL 1DP
%ӝ 0ѭӡL QJj\ VDX ÿy +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm SKiL +RjQJ 4XӕF 9LӋW Yj &DR
+ӗQJ /mQK Wӯ %ҳF YjR EXӝF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX SKҧL QӟL UӝQJ WKjQK SKҫQ
/kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK WKjQK Ӫ\ %DQ 1KkQ GkQ 1DP %ӝ Yj SKҧL QKѭӡQJ
FKӭF FKӫ WӏFK FKR 3KҥP 9ăQ %ҥFK PӝW QKkQ YұW NK{QJ ÿҧQJ SKiL YjR
WKӡL Eҩ\ JLӡ 6DX ÿy NK{QJ OkX 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Eӏ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
WULӋX KӗL YӅ %ҳF ÿӇ SKө WUiFK QJjQK JLiR GөF NK{QJ FKR SKpS WUӣ YӅ
1DP F{QJ WiF FKR PmL ÿӃQ QăP 9jR QăP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
ÿm ÿѭӧF FKiQK TX\ӅQ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP SKRQJ WһQJ GDQK KLӋX ³1Kj
Giáo Nhân Dân”.

1JѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WӯQJ KҩS WKө YăQ KyD .KәQJ 0ҥQK Wӯ QJjQ
[ѭD QrQ O~F QjR FNJQJ NtQK WUӑQJ FiF EұF 7Kҫ\ FӫD PuQK ĈҥR .KәQJ
Ki FKҷQJ ÿm Gҥ\ SKҧL [HP 7Kҫ\ WUrQ Fҧ &KD KD\ VDR 4XkQ 6ѭ 3Kө
&iF WLӅQ QKkQ Pj OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP JKL F{QJ ÿѭӧF QKuQ QKұQ YjR EұF
7Kҫ\ QKѭ &KX 9ăQ $Q 1JX\ӉQ 7UmL Ĉӗ &KLӇX Y Y Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
ÿѭӧF GkQ FK~QJ PӃQ SKөF FKҷQJ QKӳQJ Yu WjL ED OӛL OҥF Pj FNJQJ Yu ÿӭF
ÿӝ ViQJ FKyL &KiQK TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD ;m +ӝL &Kӫ 1JKƭD ÿm
PXӕQ GkQ FK~QJ FQJ W{Q YLQK YӟL Kӑ FRL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj ³1Kj *LiR
1KkQ 'kQ´ FӫD OӏFK Vӱ KLӋQ ÿҥL 9ӟL QKӳQJ NLQK QJKLӋP ÿDX WKѭѫQJ
Pj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm EҳW WRjQ GkQ JiQK FKӏX WURQJ TXi NKӭ
WURQJ WKkP WkP FK~QJ WD O~F QjR FNJQJ WKҩ\ YүQ SKҧL QJKL QJӡ QKӳQJ Ju
ÿҧQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿӅ FDR

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Fy PӝW WKӡL ViQJ JLi ӣ PLӅQ 1DP YjR WKұS QLrQ
1KѭQJ ÿӕL YӟL FiF WKӃ KӋ WUҿ KLӋQ QD\ Yj Fҧ ÿӃQ PӝW Vӕ ÿ{QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 465

ÿӗQJ EjR PLӅQ %ҳF WD Fy WKӇ ѭӟF ÿRiQ Oj FKӍ PӝW Vӕ tW QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF ELӃW
U} YӅ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 9u Yұ\ QrQ QJѭӡL YLӃW EjL WKҩ\ FҫQ SKҧL QKҳF ÿӃQ
WKkQ WKӃ Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS FӫD *LjX ÿӇ FK~QJ WD Fy WKӇ [pW QJKLӋP WjL ED Yj
QKkQ FiFK FӫD QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF ĈҧQJ ÿӅ FDR Oj ³1Kj *LiR 1KkQ 'kQ´

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKXӝF PӝW JLD ÿuQK WUXQJ OѭX VLQK QJj\ WKiQJ
QăP ӣ [m $Q /ҥF /RQJ KX\ӋQ &KkX 7KjQK WӍQK 7kQ $Q 7kQ $Q
WӭF /RQJ $Q QJj\ QD\ Oj PӝW WӍQK QKӓ WURQJ 1DP ӣ YHQ ELrQ ĈӗQJ
7KiS 0ѭӡL *LD ÿuQK 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Fy QKLӅX QJѭӡL WKDP JLD FKӕQJ
3KiS WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR .KӣL QJKƭD 7Kӫ .KRD +XkQ /~F QKӓ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX WKHR KӑF WUѭӡQJ WLӇX KӑF 7ҫP 9X 1ăP O~F ÿѭӧF WXәL
WKu *LjX WKHR KӑF WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF &KDVVHORXS /DXEDW Ĉk\ Oj WKӡL
NKRҧQJ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK WUӣ YӅ PLӅQ 1DP VDX WKӡL JLDQ GX KӑF ӣ
3KiS 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK ÿm Wә FKӭF QKLӅX FXӝF GLӉQ WKX\ӃW ӣ 6jL *zQ
SKiW KjQK EiR /D &ORFKH )pOpH &KX{QJ 5q YұQ ÿӝQJ WKDQK QLrQ QrQ
WKӭF WӍQK WUѭӟF WuQK KuQK ÿҩW QѭӟF WұS KӧS QKӳQJ QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF ӣ Fҧ
WKjQK WKӏ Yj Q{QJ WK{Q YjR PӝW PҥQJ OѭӟL FӕW FiQ FKXҭQ Eӏ WKjQK OұS
³ĈҧQJ 7KDQK 1LrQ &DR 9ӑQJ´ 7UѭӡQJ &KDVVHORXS /DXEDW WX\ Oj PӝW
WUXQJ KӑF FKR SKҫQ ÿ{QJ FRQ QKj JLjX QKѭQJ QKӳQJ YұQ ÿӝQJ V{L QәL
FӫD 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK FNJQJ ÿm OjP WKӭF WƭQK WkP WUҥQJ \rX QѭӟF FӫD
QKLӅX KӑF VLQK WUҿ 1KӳQJ VLQK YLrQ ÿҫ\ QKLӋW KX\ӃW Qj\ ÿm Et PұW WұS
KӧS WKjQK ÿҧQJ ³-HXQH $QQDP´ Yj WrQ WXәL Kӑ YӅ VDX ÿm WKҩ\ JҳQ OLӅQ
YӟL FiF SKRQJ WUjR FiFK PҥQJ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX 7UӏQK +ѭQJ
1JүX 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 6ӕ %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ +j +X\ *LiS 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK
7RjQ 7UҫQ 1JӑF 'DQK Y YY 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK YjR WKӡL EXәL ÿy Gӵ
ÿӏQK Wә FKӭF PӝW FXӝF GLӉQ WKX\ӃW OӟQ ӣ 9ѭӡQ ;RjL 6jL *zQ QKѭQJ
YLӋF NK{QJ WKjQK Yu WKӵF GkQ UD WD\ EҳW 1LQK PӝW QJj\ WUѭӟF EXәL UD
PҳW &NJQJ YjR WKӡL JLDQ ÿy %L 4XDQJ &KLrX WURQJ ÿҧQJ /ұS +LӃQ Wӯ
3KiS WUӣ YӅ OҥL 9LӋW 1DP 7KӵF GkQ 3KiS ÿm ÿH GӑD KjQK KXQJ SKҧQ ÿӕL
%L 4XDQJ &KLrX YӅ YLӋF {QJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WUDQK ÿҩX FKR 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF
ÿӝF OұS WURQJ PӝW WKӇ FKӃ /ұS +LӃQ 1KyP -HXQH $QQDP GR 7ҥ 7KX
7KkX FҫP ÿҫX ÿm Wә FKӭF ÿyQ %L 4XDQJ &KLrX ӣ EӃQ WjX 1Kj 5ӗQJ
ÿӇ EҧR YӋ &KLrX 1KkQ GӏS ÿyQ UѭӟF Qj\ QKyP -HXQH $QQDP FQJ GkQ
FK~QJ WKDP Gӵ FXӝF ÿyQ UѭӟF FNJQJ ÿm K{ KjR \rX FҫX WKӵF GkQ 3KiS
SKҧL WKҧ 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK 7URQJ FXӝF ELӇX WuQK Qj\ NK{QJ ELӃW 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX Fy WKDP Gӵ NK{QJ QKѭQJ ÿӃQ SKRQJ WUjR GkQ FK~QJ Yj VLQK
YLrQ KӑF VLQK FiF WUѭӡQJ ELӇX WuQK ÿѭD ÿiP WDQJ {QJ 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK
QăP WKu *LjX Fy WKDP JLD YӟL FiF QKyP ÿjQ DQK FӫD WUѭӡQJ QKѭQJ
VDX ÿy *LjX ÿm PD\ PҳQ NK{QJ Eӏ ÿXәL NKӓL WUѭӡQJ

9LӋF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF ÿL KӑF ӣ WUѭӡQJ &KDVVHORXS /DXEDW Yj
WKDP Gӵ FXӝF EmL NKyD QKkQ GӏS ÿiP WDQJ Fө 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK Oj GR

466 LONG ĐIỀN

FKtQK 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX NӇ OҥL GѭӟL QKDQ ÿӅ ³'ҥ\ QJѭӡL FKtQK Oj Gҥ\
PuQK´ ÿăQJ WURQJ ³1͵D WK͇ Nͽ QKͷQJ J˱˯QJ P̿W QKj JLiR´ 1Kj [XҩW
EҧQ *LiR 'өF 7URQJ PӝW WjL OLӋX NKiF Pj QJѭӡL YLӃW EjL KLӋQ
ÿDQJ QҳP JLӳ YӅ Vӵ OLrQ KӋ JLӳD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Yj 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX WKu
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OҥL WKHR KӑF WUXQJ KӑF ӣ PӝW WUѭӡQJ Wѭ WKөF WrQ 1JX\ӉQ
;tFK +ӗQJ WUrQ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ Wӯ %j &KLӇX VDQJ 3K~ 1KXұQ *LjX OҥL ÿL
KӑF YӟL FiL WrQ PѭӧQ WҥP 9u FiF NKy NKăQ YӅ WXәL WiF KD\ Ju PӝW Oê GR
QjR NKiF QrQ SKҧL PѭӧQ NKDL VLQK ÿL KӑF" Oj 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF 0LQK 7ҥ
7KX 7KkX Gҥ\ 3KiS YăQ ӣ WUѭӡQJ Wѭ WKөF Qj\ Yj Yu WKҩ\ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF
0LQK WK{QJ PLQK ODQK OӧL QrQ ÿӇ ê WKѭѫQJ \rX Yj JL~S ÿӥ

1ăP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF FKD Pҽ FKҩS WKXұQ FKR VDQJ 3KiS
KӑF QKѭQJ EҳW EXӝF *LjX SKҧL ÿL OjP ÿiP KӓL Yӧ WUѭӟF NKL ÿѭӧF ÿӗQJ
ê FKR ÿL 7k\ *LjX ÿiS FKX\ӃQ WjX &DS 6W -DFTXHV TXD 0DUVHLOOH Yj
WKHR KӑF OӟS ĈӋ QKҩW 3UHPLqUH QăP ӣ /\FpH 7RXORXVH
PLӅQ 1DP QѭӟF 3KiS *LjX ÿұX 7~ 7jL SKҫQ , QăP Yj QăP VDX
KӑF 7~ 7jL SKҫQ ,, EDQ 7ULӃW 9jR WKӡL ÿy SKҫQ ÿ{QJ PӝW Vӕ VLQK YLrQ
9LӋW 1DP QJRjL 3DULV WKѭӡQJ KD\ FKӑQ FiF WӍQK ӣ PLӅQ 1DP QKѭ
0RQWSHOOLHU $L[ HQ 3URYHQFH 7RXORXVH Fy OӁ Yu NKt KұX ҩP iS KѫQ
Oj PLӅQ %ҳF 1KӳQJ QKj FiFK PҥQJ Fy WLӃQJ WăP VDX Qj\ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP
WKѭӡQJ ÿӅX Oj FiF VLQK YLrQ ÿm WKHR KӑF ӣ 7RXORXVH QKѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7KҥFK
3KDQ YăQ +P Y Y 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX WKѭӡQJ KD\ JKp TXD 7RXORXVH Yu
ӣ ÿk\ Fy PӝW FKL Eӝ FӫD ÿҧQJ 3 $ , ĈҧQJ 3 $ , 3DUWL $QQDPLWH GH
O¶,QGpSHQGDQFH WӭF 9LӋW 1DP ĈӝF /ұS ĈҧQJ GR 1JX\ӉQ 7KӃ 7UX\ӅQ
WKjQK OұS 9u ÿӃQ O~F SKҧL WUӣ YӅ QѭӟF QrQ 1JX\ӉQ 7KӃ 7UX\ӅQ ÿm JLDR
OҥL FKR 7KkX OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ 3 $ , 7ҥL 7RXORXVH 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX YXL
PӯQJ JһS OҥL ÿѭӧF KӑF WUz FNJ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF 0LQK YӟL FiL WrQ PӟL Oj
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 7KkX ÿm ÿӕL ÿmL KӃW OzQJ YӟL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FRL
*LjX QKѭ HP ~W Yu QKkQ WKҩ\ *LjX NKL ÿL Gӵ KӝL VLQK YLrQ ÿm WKDR WKDR
FҧL UҩW KăQJ OӛL OҥF KѫQ Fҧ FiF EұF ÿjQ DQK ÿDQJ KӑF Fӥ Fӱ QKkQ *LDL
ÿRҥQ Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF QKj YăQ +XkQ 3KRQJ QrX QKLӅX FKL WLӃW WURQJ WXҫQ EiR
+zD ĈӗQJ FӫD +ӗ +ӳX 7ѭӡQJ 7KkX ÿHP QKLӅX ViFK KD\ ÿӇ KѭӟQJ GүQ
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 1KLӅX QJѭӡL ÿm FKR Oj 7KkX ÿDQJ QX{L GѭӥQJ ÿӇ WKkX
QҥS *LjX OjP ÿӋ Wӱ UXӝW FӫD PuQK VDX Qj\ &iF VLQK YLrQ 9LӋW YjR WKXӣ
ÿy KD\ Wө WұS ăQ XӕQJ ӣ PӝW TXiQ ăQ Fy WrQ /H &RT +DUGL &RQ *j
7UӕQJ 'ҥQ 'ƭ &Kӫ TXiQ Oj PӝW SKө Qӳ 3KiS ÿҧQJ YLrQ &ӝQJ VҧQ QrQ
ÿm ELӃW KҫX KӃW FiF VLQK YLrQ 9LӋW 1DP GX KӑF ÿӃQ ăQ ӣ TXiQ Qj\ 9LӋF
7ҥ 7KX 7KkX FKăP VyF ÿӕL ÿmL YӟL *LjX FRL *LjX QKѭ HP ~W Ej FKӫ
TXiQ FNJQJ ÿm ELӃW 1JѭӡL YLӃW EjL Fy PD\ PҳQ JһS OҥL Ej FKӫ TXiQ NKL
ÿL GX KӑF YjR QăP .KL ÿѭӧF FKR ELӃW Oj QăP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
ÿm FKӍ WKӏ FKR QJѭӡL [ӱ Wӱ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX ӣ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 467

4XҧQJ 1JmL Ej ÿm ÿѭD KDL WD\ OrQ WUӡL Yj WKDQ ³7KұW Oj FKX\ӋQ NK{QJ
WKӇ WѭӣQJ WѭӧQJ ´ &iL TXiQ OӏFK Vӱ Qj\ KLӋQ YүQ FzQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ Vӕ
ÿѭӡQJ -XOHV &KDODQGH 3ODFH 3XLWV &ORV JҫQ ĈҥL KӑF /XұW Yj 9ăQ
.KRD 7RXORXVH QKѭQJ QD\ GR PӝW FKӫ QKkQ NKiF TXҧQ Oê

9jR WKӡL NKRҧQJ Qj\ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FXӝF EҥR ÿӝQJ
<rQ %iL GR 1JX\ӉQ 7KiL +ӑF Yj FiF ÿӗQJ FKt 9LӋW 1DP 4XӕF 'kQ
ĈҧQJ Wә FKӭF ÿm Eӏ WKҩW EҥL Yj WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ÿm ÿjQ iS WURQJ PiX OӱD
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKDP JLD FXӝF NKӣL QJKƭD 7X\ WKҩW EҥL QKѭQJ ÿk\ Oj PӝW
WLӃQJ ERP OjP WKӭF WӍQK TXҫQ FK~QJ 9LӋW 1DP Yj ÿm YDQJ GӝL ÿӃQ Fҧ
ÆX &KkX 7KӵF GkQ ÿm OrQ iQ Wӱ KuQK OLӋW Vƭ DQK KQJ <rQ %iL

0ӝW SKRQJ WUjR \ӇP WUӧ OjP iS OӵF WURQJ Gѭ OXұQ 3KiS ÿӇ [LQ JLҧP
iQ Wӱ KuQK FKR OLӋW Vƭ <rQ %iL EҵQJ EtFK FKѭѫQJ WUX\ӅQ ÿѫQ NKҭX
KLӋX ÿm ÿѭӧF VLQK YLrQ Yj NLӅX EjR 9LӋW 1DP WҥL 3KiS Wә FKӭF UҫP Uӝ
QKѭQJ FKѭD WKҩ\ ÿѭӧF NӃW TXҧ ĈӇ ÿiQK PҥQK YjR Gѭ OXұQ TXҫQ FK~QJ
3KiS 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX ÿm WұS KӧS ÿѭӧF PӝW QKyP QJѭӡL ÿӇ Wә FKӭF PӝW
FXӝF ELӇX WuQK WUѭӟF ĈLӋQ eO\VpH Oj GLQK 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 3KiS ĈLӋQ WtQ
JӱL PӡL VLQK YLrQ 9LӋW 1DP FiF WӍQK Wө KӑS YӅ 3DULV PӝW QJj\ WUѭӟF
FXӝF ELӇX WuQK ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿiS ӭQJ WURQJ ÿy JӗP Fy 7UҫQ 4XӕF 0ҥL ĈҥL
GLӋQ VLQK YLrQ 0DUVHLOOH 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ &KL ӣ /\RQ 1JX\ӉQ $QK %ӗQ ӣ
%RUGHDX[ 7RXORXVH Fy 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 4XDQ Yj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKDP Gӵ
ĈӇ O{L NpR WKrP FiF ÿRjQ WKӇ EҥQ WKDP JLD FXӝF ELӇX WuQK 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX
Yj FiF EҥQ [X KѭӟQJ TXӕF JLD QKѭ +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj /r %i &DQJ +uQK
7KiL 7K{QJ PӡL Kӑ ÿӃQ Wө KӑS ӣ 7әQJ KӝL 6LQK YLrQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ
$ * ( , $VVRFLDWLRQ *pQpUDOH GHV eWXGLDQWV ,QGRFKLQRLV WUә WjL KQJ
ELӋQ O{L NpR Kӑ OrQ WD[L ÿӃQ QѫL ELӇX WuQK 7KiQJ QăP QJѭӡL YLӃW
EjL Fy GӏS ÿL 3KiS QrQ ÿӃQ WKăP Ej 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX Fѭ QJө ӣ 6W *HUPDLQ
HQ /D\H QJRҥL { 3DULV 1ăP ÿy Ej ÿm WUrQ WXәL YүQ FzQ ViQJ VXӕW Yj
Ej ÿm KQJ KӗQ WKXұW OҥL YDL WUz ³WKӫ WKjQK´ FӫD %j ӣ KӝL TXiQ $*(, ÿӇ
OjP ÿӏD ÿLӇP OLrQ OҥF FKR FXӝF ELӇX WuQK

&XӝF ELӇX WuQK UҩW ÿ{QJ ÿm O{L FXӕQ Fҧ QKLӅX QJѭӡL 3KiS WKDP JLD
QKѭQJ FXӕL FQJ FNJQJ Eӏ JLҧL WiQ 0ӝW Vӕ VLQK YLrQ Eӏ EҳW QKӕW ӣ NKiP
6DQWp QKѭQJ VDX ÿy WKD\ Yu ÿHP UD [pW [ӱ 3KiS OҥL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WUөF
[XҩW Kӑ WUӣ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP 1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP ӣ EӃQ 0DUVHLOOH
FKLӃF WjX $WKRV ,, ÿm ÿѭD YӅ QѭӟF VLQK YLrQ WKXӝF QKLӅX [X KѭӟQJ
FKiQK WUӏ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX ± 1J{ 4XDQJ +X\ ± /r %i &DQJ ±
7UҫQ 9ăQ &KLrX ± 7UҫQ 9ăQ ĈӣP ± +XǤQK 9ăQ 3KѭѫQJ ± 3KDQ
9ăQ &KiQK ± +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj ± 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7ӵ ± /r 7KLӃW 7ӵ ±
ĈһQJ %i /kQ ± 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ± 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7ҥR ± ĈһQJ
7ҩQ 3KiW ± 9NJ /LrQ ± 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7kQ ± 7UӏQK 9ăQ 3K~ ±
7UѭѫQJ 'X\ 7DP ± 7UѭѫQJ 'X\ ĈҥP

468 LONG ĐIỀN

.KL FXӝF .KiQJ FKLӃQ 1DP %ӝ NKӣL ÿҫX YjR PD WKX QăP
WURQJ Vӕ QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF WUҧ YӅ QѭӟF WUrQ FKX\ӃQ WjX $WKRV ,, 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX ÿm UD OӏQK WKӫ WLrX QKj iL TXӕF 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX +XǤQK 9ăQ
3KѭѫQJ 3KDQ YăQ &KiQK +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj

3KDQ 9ăQ +P Yj +ӗ +ӳX 7ѭӡQJ VDX FXӝF ELӇX WuQK WUѭӟF ĈLӋQ
eO\VpH ÿm ÿѭӧF FiF ÿӗQJ FKt 3KiS ÿѭD ÿL OiQK QҥQ ӣ %Ӎ QrQ WUiQK NKӓL
Eӏ WUөF [XҩW

7URQJ Vӕ QJѭӡL Eӏ WUөF [XҩW YӅ QѭӟF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj WUҿ QKҩW
O~F ҩ\ PӟL YӯD WXәL /~F ӣ 7RXORXVH PӝW WKjQK SKӕ Fy WLӃQJ Oj Fy
QKLӅX QKj FKiQK WUӏ NKX\QK Wҧ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OmQK WUiFK QKLӋP GӏFK UD
WLӃQJ 9LӋW FiF EjL FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ 3KiS ÿӇ ÿăQJ WUrQ Wӡ &ӡ Ĉӓ PӝW Wӡ EiR
Et PұW OѭX KjQK WURQJ JLӟL FiF ELQK Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP Eӏ ÿѭD VDQJ 3KiS 'R
ÿy *LjX JLD QKұS ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 3KiS YjR WKiQJ QăP 7Uӣ YӅ
9LӋW 1DP *LjX FKiQK WKӭF OұS JLD ÿuQK Yj OmQK Gҥ\ KӑF ӣ WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ
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*LjX WKRiW ÿѭӧF QrQ Wӯ ÿy SKҧL KRҥW ÿӝQJ WURQJ YzQJ Et PұW

4XD QăP VDX ÿҫX QăP Fѫ Vӣ ÿҧQJ ӣ 6jL *zQ WDQ Yӥ TXD FiF
FXӝF NKӫQJ Eӕ Yk\ EҳW FӫD WKӵF GkQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX [LQ [ӭ ӫ\ YLrQ
8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP FKR ÿѭӧF [XҩW GѭѫQJ GX KӑF PӝW OҫQ QӳD *LjX Et
PұW UӡL 6jL *zQ VDQJ 3KiS FNJQJ OҥL ÿL WUrQ FKLӃF WjX &DS 6W -DFTXHV
&KX\ӃQ ÿL WUyW OӑW Yu *LjX YӕQ ÿm Fy OjP TXHQ YӟL QKLӅX WKӫ\ WKӫ FӫD
WjX WURQJ FKX\ӃQ ÿL WUѭӟF 4XD ÿѭӧF 3KiS QKӡ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7ҥR JLӟL
WKLӋX QrQ *LjX ÿѭӧF ÿѭD TXD /LrQ ;{ WKHR KӑF WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 3KѭѫQJ
Ĉ{QJ ӣ 0RVFRX /XұQ iQ WӕW QJKLӋS UD WUѭӡQJ FӫD *LjX Fy WrQ ³9ҩQ ÿӅ
UXӝQJ ÿҩW ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ´

1ăP *LjX WUӣ YӅ 3KiS ÿiS WjX +zD /DQ ÿL 6LQJDSRUH Yj Wӯ
ÿk\ Et PұW WUӣ YӅ 6jL *zQ WUrQ FKX\ӃQ WjX Félix Roussel FӫD 3KiS &ѫ
Vӣ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP O~F ҩ\ KҫX QKѭ Eӏ WDQ Yӥ KӃW *LjX Fy
F{QJ Jҫ\ GӵQJ OҥL ;ӭ Eӝ 1DP .Ǥ Yj SKiW KjQK Wӡ EiR Et PұW &ͥ Ĉ͗
Yj F˯ Vͧ &͡QJ V̫Q 7QJ WK˯ &XӕL QăP *LjX Eӏ EҳW ӣ %j +RP
%uQK 7Uӏ Ĉ{QJ Yj Eӏ NӃW iQ QăP W WUHR Yu NK{QJ ÿӫ \ӃX Wӕ EXӝF WӝL
ĈӃQ WKiQJ QăP VDX NKL Gӵ ĈҥL KӝL ӣ 0DFDR WUӣ YӅ *LjX OҥL Eӏ
EҳW FQJ PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL NKiF Yj OҫQ Qj\ Eӏ NӃW iQ QăP ÿj\ ÿL &{Q ĈҧR
7KiQJ QăP PmQ KҥQ W &{Q ĈҧR *LjX WUӣ YӅ ÿҩW OLӅQ FKӍ ÿѭӧF
QJj\ WKu OҥL Eӏ EҳW WUӣ OҥL Yu Gѭ kP EӕL FҧQK FXӝF 1DP .Ǥ .KӣL 1JKƭD
Yj Yu FKLӃQ WUDQK ӣ ÆX &KkX ÿm EQJ Qә QrQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS FKӫ WUѭѫQJ
SKҧL EҳW DQ WUt KҫX QKѭ WҩW Fҧ FiF QKj FiFK PҥQJ 9LӋW 1DP *LjX Eӏ FҫP

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 469

W ӣ FăQJ 7j /jL %j 5i *LӳD QăP [ҧ\ UD FXӝF ³YѭӧW QJөF´ 7j
/jL *LӟL FiFK PҥQJ Eӏ JLDP ӣ %j 5i O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ YүQ ÿӗQ ÿҥL YӅ YLӋF
Qj\ QKѭ PӝW Eӕ WUt FӫD 3KiS ÿӇ WKjQK OұS QKӳQJ Eӝ SKұQ JL~S ÿiQK
ÿXәL TXkQ 1KұW 7KiQJ QăP WURQJ KӝL QJKӏ [ӭ ӫ\ PӟL WKjQK
OұS WUӣ OҥL ӣ &Kӧ *ҥR 7kQ $Q *LjX ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP %t WKѭ ;ӭ ӫ\ 1DP
.Ǥ 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ Qj\ YLӋF *LjX OLrQ OҥF YӟL JLӟL ³3KiS PӟL´ ÿm ÿѭӧF
FKtQK Eӝ Kҥ WKkQ WtQ FӫD *LjX Oj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WKXұW OҥL WURQJ TX\ӇQ
³9L͇W FKR 0́ Yj 4X͙F +͡L´ Q[E 9ăQ 1JKӋ QăP WUDQJ

³ 7{L ÿL 7KHR OӡL QyL Oj ÿL JһS Pҩ\ WKҵQJ 7k\ GH OD 5HVLVWDQFH
7k\ NKiQJ FKLӃQ OӡL GӏFK FӫD QJѭӡL YLӃW EjL

7{L JһS ÿѭӧF DL 1Kj ӣ Vӕ ÿѭӡQJ -HDQ 'XFORV 7{L YӯD ÿL YjR WKu
WKҩ\ 6iX QJӗL JҫQ FӱD %rQ WD\ WUiL FӫD DQK 6iX Oj FKӫ QKj 0ӝW WKҵQJ
7k\ TXHQ 6DXWHUH\ WKѫ Nê FӫD Eӝ SKұQ 6),2 6HFWLRQ IUDQFDLVH GH
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NtQ &DWLQDW 7{L OҫQ OѭӧW EҳW WD\ KDL WKҵQJ 7k\ Yj QJӗL [XӕQJ JKӃ WUӕQJ

7KҵQJ 'XFKrQH KuQK QKѭ WKҩ\ W{L Fy Ju O~QJ W~QJ EqQ QyL YӟL W{L

%ҩ\ OkX WөL Qy WuP FKҷQJ WKҩ\ DQK 9j QD\ WKu Vӵ WuP EҳW ÿӕL YӟL
DQK W{L ÿm FҳW UӗL ´

9ӟL EҧQ WiQK OX{Q OX{Q ÿD QJKL FӫD FiQ Eӝ &ӝQJ VҧQ WUѭӟF NKL
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³ÐQJ 6iX´ WURQJ FkX FKX\ӋQ NӇ WUrQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm NK{Q QJRDQ
WuP FiFK KӓL WUѭӟF ê NLӃQ FiF DQK OӟQ WURQJ ÿҧQJ ÿDQJ Eӏ FzQ Eӏ WKӵF
GkQ [ӱ ELӋW [ӭ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7ҥR ӣ 5ҥFK *Li 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL ӣ %j
5ӏD WKu ÿӅX ӣ [D 6jL *zQ &KӍ Fy 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 1JX\ӉQ Yu ӣ *z &{QJ
JҫQ KѫQ QrQ 7UҩQ FKӑQ ÿӃQ ÿy ÿӇ ³NӇ FKX\ӋQ {QJ 6iX ELӇX ÿL JһS 7k\
Yj [LQ 1JX\ӉQ YӅ VDX Km\ OjP FKӭQJ FKR ³NKt WLӃW´ FӫD W{L´ ³9L͇W FKR
0́ Yj 4X͙F +͡L´ , trang 105).

0XӕQ FKR FKҳF ăQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ PӝW QăP VDX FNJQJ WuP FiFK
SKkQ EXD WKrP YӟL 7KӟL PӝW ÿҥL GLӋQ ÿҧQJ ÿӃQ EҳW OҥL OLrQ OҥF YӟL 7UҩQ
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WD ÿL JһS Pҩ\ WKҵQJ 7k\ .KiQJ FKLӃQ´ ³9L͇W FKR 0́ Yj 4X͙F +͡L´
VÿG WUDQJ 7URQJ WKkP WkP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YүQ WKҩ\ YLӋF ÿL

470 LONG ĐIỀN

WLӃS [~F YӟL WUP PұW WKiP 'XFKrQH Oj YLӋF NK{QJ әQ ³7LQ FiL DQK PұW
WKiP Qj\ WKu EҵQJ WLQ EӕL %D &өP´ ³%ӕL %D &өP´ GDQK Wӯ PLӅQ 1DP
ÿӇ FKӍ FiF WD\ WUӝP OjQK QJKӅ ӣ %D &өP 7kQ $Q FKX\rQ ÿiQK FҳS FiF
JKH WKѭѫQJ Kӗ FKX\rQ FKӣ KjQJ KyD /ӡL JKL WKrP FӫD QJѭӡL YLӃW EjL

6DX QJj\ 1KұW ÿҧR FKiQK 3KiS QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FiF ÿҧQJ
SKiL ӣ PLӅQ 1DP ÿm SKөF KӗL KRҥW ÿӝQJ UiR ULӃW 1JD\ Fҧ WUѭӟF ÿy
NK{QJ NKt FKtQK WUӏ PLӅQ 1DP ÿm EҳW ÿҫX V{L VөF Yu Fy FiF SKRQJ WUjR
WKDQK QLrQ WKӇ WKDR FӫD FKiQK TX\ӅQ WKӵF GkQ 9LFK\ 3KiS /ӧL GөQJ
WKӡL Fѫ Qj\ FiF ÿRjQ WKӇ WKDQK QLrQ ÿm NӃW ÿRjQ WKHR OӡL NrX JӑL FӫD
FiF VLQK YLrQ PLӅQ 1DP ³[ӃS E~W QJKLrQ´ Wӯ +j 1ӝL WUӣ YӅ 1DP Yu WuQK
WKӃ FKLӃQ WUDQK

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Qj\ ÿѭӧF ÿһW ӣ QKj Yj YăQ SKzQJ FӫD NLӃQ WU~F Vѭ +XǤQK 7ҩQ 3KiW ӣ
ÿѭӡQJ 0D\HU +LӅQ 9ѭѫQJ ӣ ĈDNDR +XǤQK 9ăQ 7LӇQJ /ѭX
+ӳX 3KѭӟF 0DL 9ăQ %ӝ 7UѭѫQJ &{QJ &iQ ÿӅX Fy WKDP Gӵ FiF OӟS
Qj\ Yj VDX ÿm ÿѭӧF NӃW QҥS YjR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ FӫD *LjX Ĉk\ Oj OҫQ ÿҫX
WLrQ *LjX Pӣ OӟS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FKR GkQ WUt WKӭF 1JRjL UD *LjX FNJQJ FzQ
SKө WUiFK PӝW OӟS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FKR 7ҥ %i 7zQJ PӝW VLQK YLrQ JӕF 7ULӅX
&KkX ӣ 6yF 7UăQJ Ӣ +j 1ӝL 7zQJ Fy VLQK KRҥW YӅ 7KDQK QLrQ &ӭX
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QKѭQJ ÿѭӧF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX NKX\rQ Oj QrQ Wә FKӭF 7kQ 'kQ &Kӫ ÿRjQ
WUѭӟF 'R ÿy *LjX ÿm Gҥ\ ULrQJ PӝW OӟS FKiQK WUӏ KѫQ WUrQ ÿRjQ YLrQ
'kQ FKӫ FKR 7ҥ %i 7zQJ ӣ QKj ULrQJ FӫD GѭӧF Vƭ 7UҫQ .LP 4XDQJ ӣ
7Kӏ 1JKq 7ҥ %i 7zQJ VDX ÿy ÿm UҩW ÿҳF OӵF WURQJ YLӋF Wә FKӭF 7KDQK
1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ PLӅQ +ұX *LDQJ

7UѭӟF ÿy *LjX Fy WLӃQJ WKѭӡQJ SKө WUiFK KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FKtQK WUӏ FKR
FiF W QKkQ Eӏ WKӵF GkQ EҳW Yj *LjX ÿѭӧF JiQ FKR ELӋW GDQK Oj ³JLiR Vѭ
ÿӓ´ WURQJ W 9LӋF ҩ\ FKӭQJ Wӓ Oj WURQJ WKӡL WKӵF GkQ FKӃ ÿӝ QKj W WX\
iF QJKLӋW NKLӃQ EDR QKLrX QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳW ÿm SKҧL FKӃW WURQJ W QKѭQJ
W QKkQ YүQ FzQ Fy ÿѭӧF Fѫ KӝL OLrQ OҥF VLQK VӕQJ YӟL QKDX VR ViQK
YӟL FKӃ ÿӝ ELӋW JLDP J{QJ FP Y{ FQJ WjQ EҥR FӫD FiF ³WUҥL KӑF WұS´
&ӝQJ VҧQ VDX QJj\

6DX QJj\ 1KұW ÿҧR FKiQK 3KiS WKӕQJ ÿӕF 1KұW ӣ PLӅQ 1DP Oj
0LQRGD ÿm ÿӗQJ ê FKR Wә FKӭF Wө KӑS WKDQK QLrQ WURQJ Wә FKӭF ³7KDQK
QLrQ 7LӅQ SKRQJ´ YӟL ê ÿӗ Fy WKӇ OӧL GөQJ SKRQJ WUjR Qj\ NKL FҫQ GQJ
ÿӃQ QKkQ OӵF QJѭӡL 9LӋW +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj Yj EiF Vƭ 3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҥFK ÿѭӧF
OmQK Vӵ 1KұW ,LWR JLDR FKR SKө WUiFK YLӋF Qj\ Yj Wә FKӭF 7KDQK QLrQ
7LӅQ SKRQJ ÿm SKiW WULӇQ UҩW PҥQK Pҿ WURQJ JLӟL WKDQK Yj WUiQJ QLrQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 471

9LӋF ÿRjQ QJNJ KyD QKDQK FKyQJ PӝW SKҫQ OӟQ Oj GR NK{QJ NKt SKҩQ
NKӣL FӫD GkQ FK~QJ VDX NKL WKҩ\ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS Eӏ 1KұW KҩW FҷQJ Yj
FKiQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP ÿҫX WLrQ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS +XǤQK
7ҩQ 3KiW +XǤQK 9ăQ 7LӇQJ FNJQJ ÿm KăQJ KiL JyS SKҫQ YjR YLӋF KX\
ÿӝQJ SKRQJ WUjR WKDQK QLrQ Qj\ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WURQJ EyQJ WӕL ÿm
QKұQ WKӭF ÿѭӧF WLӅP OӵF QJXӗQ QKkQ Vӵ Qj\ QrQ ÿm PyF QӕL 3KҥP
1JӑF 7KҥFK ÿӇ OӧL GөQJ SKRQJ WUjR

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP ĈӗQJ 0LQK WX\rQ Eӕ 1KұW ÿҫX KjQJ
Y{ ÿLӅX NLӋQ Ӣ 6jL *zQ QJj\ WKiQJ 0һW 7UұQ 4XӕF *LD 7KӕQJ
1KҩW Wә FKӭF PӝW FXӝF ELӇX WuQK UҫP Uӝ Fy KѫQ QJjQ QJѭӡL WKDP
Gӵ Wӓ ê FKt WRjQ GkQ ÿRjQ NӃW WUѭӟF Vӵ OăP OH WUӣ OҥL 9LӋW 1DP FӫD WKӵF
GkQ 3KiS 0һF GҫX WUѭӟF ÿy 9LӋW 0LQK Oj PӝW Wә FKӭF FKѭD ÿѭӧF GkQ
FK~QJ 1DP %ӝ QJKH ÿӃQ QKѭQJ OӧL GөQJ WKӃ ÿӭQJ FӫD Kӑ Yu ÿm Fy Fѫ
KӝL FӝQJ WiF YӟL ĈӗQJ 0LQK OұS ÿѭӧF FiF FKLӃQ NKX ӣ %ҳF 9LӋW QrQ
QD\ NKL ĈӗQJ 0LQK ӣ WKӃ WKҳQJ WUұQ 9LӋW 0LQK OLӅQ YӝL Ym WXQJ UD
FiF WKӫ ÿRҥQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ ÿӇ OXQJ OҥF ê FKt FӫD GkQ FK~QJ ÿDQJ EӯQJ
EӯQJ TX\ӃW ÿӭQJ OrQ EҧR YӋ QӅQ QӅQ ÿӝF OұS YӯD PӟL WѭѫQJ ÿӕL FKLӃP
OҥL VDX QJj\ 3KiS Eӏ 1KұW ÿҧR FKiQK 3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҥFK SKө WUiFK Wә
FKӭF 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PyF QӕL Wӯ OkX
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9ăQ 1Jj NӇ QKѭ ÿm PҩW KѫQ SKkQ QӱD OӵF OѭӧQJ

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OѭӧQJ 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm UҩW KmQK GLӋQ YӅ YLӋF
Qj\ 7KiQJ QăP NKL *LjX Fy GӏS WUӣ OҥL 3KiS WURQJ PӝW FXӝF
QyL FKX\ӋQ Fy JKL EăQJ JLӳD *LjX Yj FiF QKj FiFK PҥQJ 9LӋW 1DP ӣ
3KiS *LjX ÿm WѭӡQJ WKXұW YLӋF *LjX ÿӅ QJKӏ FKR 7173 GQJ ELӇX KLӋX
Fӡ YjQJ VDR ÿӓ FiFK FKjR QKDX EҵQJ ÿѭD EjQ WD\ Pӣ UӝQJ QJDQJ YDL
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FNJQJ VӁ FKjR QKDX EҵQJ FiFK ÿѭD WD\ OrQ FDR QKѭQJ EjQ WD\ QҳP FKһW
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F{QJ YLӋF FӫD *LjX %ҳF Eӝ SKӫ O~F ÿy WUiFK Fӭ Oj *LjX ÿm GӵD YjR FiF
Wә FKӭF WKkQ 1KұW ÿӇ FѭӟS FKiQK TX\ӅQ NKiF YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FKӕQJ
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472 LONG ĐIỀN

FKiQK SKӫ QrQ FKӍ PѭӡL QJj\ VDX NKL WKjQK OұS Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK FKiQK
1DP %ӝ *LjX NK{QJ FzQ ÿѭӧF JLӳ FKӭF &Kӫ WӏFK Pj SKҧL QKѭӡQJ OҥL
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FzQ JLӳ FKӭF Ӫ\ YLrQ 4XkQ Vӵ 7URQJ EXәL KӝL ӣ 3DULV QăP 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX ÿm WKDQ WKӣ ³7KӃ Oj W{L OҥL Eӏ JiQ FKR Oj ÿm WKkQ 1KұW ´

.Ӈ Wӯ QJj\ GjQK ÿѭӧF FKiQK TX\ӅQ ӣ 1DP %ӝ GDQK 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX PӟL ÿѭӧF GkQ PLӅQ 1DP ELӃW ÿӃQ 7UѭӟF ÿy WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ WUDQK
ÿҩX FKӕQJ 3KiS Et PұW Yj F{QJ NKDL ӣ 6jL *zQ *LjX NK{QJ Fy KjQK
ÿӝQJ Ju QәL EұW 7URQJ OҫQ ELӇX WuQK QJj\ WKiQJ GkQ FK~QJ
6jL *zQ OҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ ÿm WKҩ\ ÿѭӧF WURQJ FiF ÿRjQ ELӇX WuQK SK{ WUѭѫQJ
OӵF OѭӧQJ Fy PӝW ÿiP QJѭӡL NǤ Oҥ QJӵF ÿӇ WUҫQ PuQK [kP FKҵQJ FKӏW
ELӇX GLӉQ GѭӟL WҩP EҧQ JKL ³%DQ ÈP ViW ;XQJ SKRQJ´ 7KLrQ Kҥ ÿӗQ
YӟL QKDX ÿk\ Oj Wә FKӭF GѭӟL TX\ӅQ FӫD 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL QJѭӡL SKө
WUiFK 4XӕF *LD 7ӵ 9Ӌ &XӝF

1Jj\ WKiQJ WLQ QKj FiFK PҥQJ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX Eӏ EҳW ӣ 4XҧQJ
1JmL ÿm OjP FKҩQ ÿӝQJ NK{QJ NKt FKiQK WUӏ ӣ 6jL *zQ 1KyP 7UDQK
ĈҩX ÿm WK{QJ EiR YLӋF Qj\ FKR GkQ FK~QJ EҵQJ PӝW EҧQJ OӟQ GӵQJ
WUѭӟF WUө Vӣ ӣ JyF ÿѭӡQJ /DJUDQGLqUH Yj $YLDWHXU *DUURV /r 7KiQK
7{Q ± 7Kӫ .KRD +XkQ WKӡL 91&+ %ӏ FKҩW YҩQ Wӯ QKLӅX SKtD QJj\
WKiQJ *LjX UD WK{QJ FiR ³9LӋF 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX Eӏ EҳW ӣ 4XҧQJ 1JmL
NK{QJ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ /kP ӫ\ +jQK FKiQK ӣ 1DP %ӝ Ӫ\ EDQ 1KkQ GkQ
ӣ 1DP %ӝ ÿѭӧF Yj Fy TX\ӅQ [ӱ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX´

7KiQJ QăP Oj PӝW NKRҧQJ WKӡL JLDQ ÿһF ELӋW ӣ 6jL *zQ YӟL
WuQK KuQK FKtQK WUӏ V{L VөF ELӃQ FKX\ӇQ PDX Oҽ WӯQJ JLӡ WӯQJ QJj\ 6DX
QJj\ FKiQK TX\ӅQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS Eӏ 1KұW OұW ÿә GkQ FK~QJ ÿm EӗQJ
EӝW ӫQJ Kӝ 0һW WUұQ 4XӕF JLD 7KӕQJ QKҩW FӫD +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj 1D\ WUrQ
FKtQK WUѭӡQJ OҥL Fy WKrP 0һW WUұQ 9LӋW 0LQK Yj Vӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Ӫ\
EDQ +jQK FKiQK 1DP %ӝ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX YӟL PӝW WKjQK SKҫQ JӗP
WRjQ FiF QKkQ YұW FӫD ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ĈӋ WDP NK{QJ Fy Vӵ WKDP JLD FӫD
FiF QKkQ YұW \rX QѭӟF NK{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋF Qj\ ÿm NKLӃQ GkQ FK~QJ
Y{ FQJ KRDQJ PDQJ 7KrP YjR ÿy OҥL Fy YLӋF TXkQ $QK ҨQ ÿҥL GLӋQ
ĈӗQJ 0LQK ÿә Eӝ OrQ 6jL *zQ ÿӇ JLҧL JLӟL TXkQ 1KұW FQJ YӟL WLQ WӭF
Oj FiF OӵF OѭӧQJ 3KiS ÿDQJ FKXҭQ Eӏ WKiS WQJ TXkQ $QK WUӣ OҥL Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ 7URQJ EҫX NK{QJ NKt KӛQ ÿӝQ ÿy NKy Fy WKӇ Fy NӃW TXҧ Ju ÿӇ
KzQJ FDQ WKLӋS FKR Vӕ SKұQ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX PӝW OmQK Wө FyWLӃQJ ӣ PLӅQ
1DP Fy WKӇ Fy NKҧ QăQJ YұQ ÿӝQJ TXҫQ FK~QJ 6ӕ SKұQ FӫD QKj FiFK
PҥQJ PLӅQ 1DP WKұW UD NӇ QKѭ ÿm ÿѭӧF TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Wӯ PLӅQ %ҳF 4X\ӃW
ÿӏQK WKӫ WLrX 7KkX FKҳF FKҳQ ÿm ÿѭӧF %ҳF Eӝ SKӫ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK NKL FKӍ
ÿӏQK +RjQJ 4XӕF 9LӋW Yj &DR +ӗQJ /mQK OrQ ÿѭӡQJ YjR 1DP FQJ O~F
NKL 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX Oҩ\ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WUӣ YӅ 6jL *zQ NKL KD\ WLQ 1KұW ÿm ÿҫX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 473

KjQJ ĈӗQJ 0LQK 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX QJѭӡL ÿm PDQJ ѫQ 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX FKҳF
KҷQ ÿm ELӃW U} Vӕ SKұQ FӫD 7KkX ÿm ÿѭӧF %ҳF Eӝ 3Kӫ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK UӗL Yu
QJj\ +RjQJ 4XӕF 9LӋW ÿm ÿӃQ WӟL 1DP %ӝ Yj NKL JһS *LjX ÿm
FKR *LjX ELӃW TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ

7URQJ EXәL JһS Jӥ ÿѭӧF WKkX EăQJ ӣ 3DULV QJj\ KLӋQ
FzQ OѭX JLӳ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Eӏ FKҩW YҩQ YӅ YLӋF 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX ÿm Eӏ [ӱ
Wӱ Yj JiQ FKR WӝL ³9LӋW JLDQ SKi KRҥL´ GR PӝW WrQ KX\ӋQ ӫ\ WLӇX WӕW WrQ
7ӯ 7\ ӣ 1JKƭD +jQK 4XҧQJ 1JmL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm FDR KӭQJ ORQJ
WUӑQJ KӭD ³7{L VӁ ³UӱD WLӃQJ´ FKR 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX QӃX ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
1DP NK{QJ FKӏX UӱD WLӃQJ´ 1KѭQJ Wӯ QJj\ KӭD ÿy FKR ÿӃQ QD\ FKѭD
KӅ WKҩ\ *LjX FKiQK WKӭF QyL OrQ PӝW WLӃQJ Ju Fҧ

.KL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WX\rQ Eӕ ӣ 3KiS QăP QKkQ GӏS EҥQ WKkQ FӫD
7KkX Oj 'DQLHO *XpULQ KӓL YӅ FiL FKӃW FӫD 7KkX ³7̩ 7KX 7KkX Oj P͡W
QKj iL TX͙F Fy W̯P YyF &K~QJ W{L NKyF FiL FK͇W FͯD {QJ´ DL DL FNJQJ
ELӃW ÿy FKӍ Oj PӝW OӡL QyL GӕL FKtQK WUӏ 1KuQ OҥL NKRҧQJ ÿѭӡQJ OӏFK Vӱ
YӯD TXD QKӳQJ OӡL ³QyL GӕL FKtQK WUӏ´ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QD\ ÿѭӧF PӝW
Vӕ QKkQ Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP JӑL Oj ³NK{L KjL ÿHQ´ EODFN KXPRXU QKҩW Oj KDL
OӡL WX\rQ Eӕ ÿm ÿѭӧF 7UҫQ 1JӑF 'DQK 7UѭӣQJ SKiL ÿRjQ ĈҥL GLӋQ 9LӋW
1DP ӣ 3DULV ÿm FKR LQ WURQJ WұS ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ ҩQ KjQK WҥL 3DULV
WKiQJ QăP 7UҫQ 1JӑF 'DQK QKҩQ PҥQK YӅ KDL OӡL WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK OӡL WKӭ QKҩW ÿăQJ WUrQ -RXUQDO GH *HQqYH 1KͷQJ E̩Q Eq
FͯD FK~QJ W{L NK{QJ F̯Q SK̫L OR QJ̩L Oj FKͯ QJKƭD PiF [tW Vͅ GX QK̵S
YjR ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF FK~QJ W{L OӡL WKӭ KDL ÿăQJ WUrQ EiR /H 3D\V 1KͷQJ Oê
WKX\͇W PiF [tW NK{QJ WK͋ iS GͭQJ ÿ˱ͫF ͧ Q˱ͣF FK~QJ W{L

%ӝ PһW WKұW FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKӍ ÿm ÿѭӧF GkQ PLӅQ 1DP ELӃW
ÿӃQ VDX QJj\ Pӣ PjQ FXӝF .KiQJ FKLӃQ 1DP %ӝ QJj\ WKiQJ
QăP 6iQJ &Kӫ QKұW O~F JLӡ ViQJ QJj\ OӏFK Vӱ Qj\ TXkQ 3KiS
ÿѭӧF 7ѭӟQJ $QK *UDFH\ FKR WiL Y} WUDQJ ÿm GӵD YjR OӵF OѭӧQJ TXkQ
*KXUND FӫD $QK ÿL WiL FKLӃP 'LQK ;m 7k\ WUө Vӣ FӫD /kP Ӫ\ +jQK
&KiQK 1DP %ӝ Vӣ 0ұW WKiP ÿѭӡQJ &DWLQDW .KR %ҥF QKj %ѭX ĈLӋQ
6jL *zQ Y Y 1KѭQJ NLӇP ÿLӇP OҥL QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP Eӏ PҩW PҥQJ ÿҫX
WLrQ NKL FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ EҳW ÿҫX OҥL NK{QJ GR WKӵF GkQ JLӃW Pj OҥL GR
FiF WD\ ViW WKӫ FӫD 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL Yj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿy Oj /r 9ăQ
9ӳQJ WKѭ Nê Xӹ EDQ 6jL *zQ &Kӧ /ӟQ FӫD QKyP 7UDQK ĈҩX Yj FNJQJ Oj
WKӫ OmQK 7KDQK QLrQ 7LӅQ SKRQJ YQJ ĈD .DR

5~W NKӓL 6jL *zQ YӅ WU~ ÿyQJ WUө Vӣ ӣ &Kӧ ĈӋP 7kQ $Q 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX ÿm UD OӏQK EҳW Yj [ӱ Wӱ +XǤQK 9ăQ 3KѭѫQJ %L 4XDQJ
&KLrX 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ *LiR QKj EiR 'LӋS 9ăQ .Ǥ OXұW Vѭ +ӗ 9ƭQK .ê
Yj Yӧ Oj EiF Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 6ѭѫQJ 7Kӫ OmQK 3Kө 1ӳ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ
Y Y Yk\ EҳW +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj 7UҫQ 4XDQJ 9LQK 5LrQJ YӅ WUѭӡQJ

474 LONG ĐIỀN

KӧS +XǤQK 9ăQ 3KѭѫQJ FK~ UXӝW FӫD +XǤQK 7ҩQ 3KiW &Kӫ WӏFK VDX
Qj\ FӫD &KiQK SKӫ /kP WKӡL &ӝQJ KzD 0LӅQ 1DP Oj QJѭӡL ÿm JL~S ÿӥ
NKt JLӟL Yj SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ FKR Wә FKӭF FӫD *LjX OҥL Oj QJѭӡL Eӏ *LjX Fӕ ê
WKӫ WLrX QKDQK FKyQJ FKӍ Yu 3KѭѫQJ ÿm QҳP ÿѭӧF FiF WjL OLӋX YӅ YLӋF
*LjX OLrQ KӋ YӟL WUP PұW WKiP 3KiS $UQRX[ Yj 'XFKrQH ĈһF ELӋW FiF
QKkQ YұW ĈӋ 7ӭ KRһF Fy FҧP WuQK YӟL ĈӋ 7ӭ ÿӅX ÿѭӧF FK~ ê WKӫ WLrX
DQK JLiR 1JX\ӉQ 7KL /ӧL ӣ &ҫQ *LXӝF &Kӧ /ӟQ QJѭӡL Jҫ\ GӵQJ OҥL
QKyP 7UDQK ĈҩX ӣ 6jL *zQ VDX QJj\ 1KұW ÿҫX KjQJ OXұW Vѭ +uQK 7KiL
7K{QJ ӣ 0ӻ 7KR 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7KҥFK 3KDQ 9ăQ &KiQK 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
6ӕ ĈһF ELӋW ӣ YQJ +ұX *LDQJ FiF QKkQ YұW Yj WtQ ÿӗ +zD +ҧR ÿm Eӏ
WKӫ WLrX FK{Q ӣ FiF KҫP Kӕ FK{Q WұS WKӇ PLӋW 7kQ 7KjQK &iL &iL JҫQ
ELrQ JLӟL 0LrQ &XӝF NKӫQJ Eӕ WUҳQJ Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL
Ӫ\ YLrQ 7KDQK WUD &KtQK WUӏ 0LӅQ Ĉ{QJ WLӃS WөF WKL KjQK ӣ FiF YQJ
%LrQ +zD 7Kӫ 'ҫX 0ӝW %j 5ӏD 7k\ 1LQK FNJQJ QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7k\
Ӫ\ YLrQ 7KDQK WUD &KtQK WUӏ 0LӅQ 7k\ UD WD\ ÿҧP WUiFK ӣ PLӅQ +ұX
Giang!

ĈӇ NӃW OXұQ YӅ JLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ Fy WKӇ QyL Oj ÿӇ QҳP JLӳ TX\ӅQ OӵF
ULrQJ YӅ FKR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ĈӋ 7DP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm QKүQ WkP ViW
KҥL KҫX KӃW PӝW WKӃ KӋ QKӳQJ QKj iL TXӕF FiFK PҥQJ ӣ 1DP %ӝ OjP
WLrX KDR WLӅP OӵF FXӝF ÿRjQ NӃW NKiQJ FKLӃQ WKXӣ EDQ ÿҫX 7URQJ PӝW
FXӝF JһS Jӣ VDX Qj\ YӟL 7UӏQK +ѭQJ 1JүX ӣ 7KiL /DQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
FzQ FKR {QJ 1JүX ELӃW Oj \ FKѭD KRjQ WҩW YLӋF WKDQK WRiQ FiF QKkQ
YұW FzQ Fy WrQ WURQJ Vә ÿHQ FӫD \ 1Kj YăQ 3KiS 0LFKHO 7DXULDF
QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ TX\ӇQ Viet Nam, Le dossier noir
GX &RPPXQLVPH +͛ V˯ ÿHQ 9L͏W &͡QJ ÿm JӑL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj
³WrQ ViW QKkQ FNJ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK ӣ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP´ (Trân Van Giau,
l’ancien assassin viet minh du Sud-VietNam ViFK ÿm GүQ Q[E 3ORQ
2001, trang 103).

7RiQ FӫD 7UҫQ YăQ *LjX FKӍ WӗQ WҥL ӣ 1DP %ӝ WURQJ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ
3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҥFK 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿӅX ÿѭӧF ³PӡL´
UD %ҳF JLӳ QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө NKiF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKu NK{QJ ÿѭӧF WUӣ OҥL
PLӅQ 1DP FKR PmL ÿӃQ VDX QJj\ WKiQJ QăP 1JѭӡL SKө
WUiFK WKL KjQK FiF FKӍ WKӏ ViW QKkQ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7UҩQ *LiP ÿӕF 4XӕF JLD 7ӵ YӋ &XӝF QrQ 7UҩQ ÿѭӧF GkQ
PLӅQ 1DP ÿһW FKR ELӋW KLӋX Oj KXQJ WKҫQ &Kӧ ĈӋP &XӕL QăP
ÿDQJ OjP Et WKѭ .KX ӫ\ NKX WKu 7UҩQ FNJQJ Eӏ EӭQJ FKR UD %ҳF NKL /r
ĈӭF 7Kӑ 6iX %~D YӯD EѭӟF FKkQ Y{ WӟL ELrQ JLӟL 1DP .Ǥ 7UҩQ WKӫ
Kҥ WKkQ WtQ FXӕL FQJ FӫD *LjX Eӏ OӝW FKӭF Yj FKR OjP ÿҥL ELӇX UD Gӵ ĈҥL
KӝL ĈҧQJ FQJ ÿL YӟL WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ Oj 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP

9DL WUz Yj KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ӣ PLӅQ 1DP NӇ QKѭ ÿѭӧF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 475

FKҩP GӭW VDX QăP &y WKӇ ÿRiQ Oj ӣ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ %ҳF %ӝ 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FiF ÿӗQJ FKt QJRjL ÿy KRjQ WRjQ WLQ Fұ\ Yu *LjX
ÿm ÿѭӧF JiQ FKR Oj ÿm GӵD YjR WKӃ OӵF 1KұW ÿӇ GjQK FKiQK TX\ӅQ Yj
QKҩW Oj ÿm Fy O~F OLrQ KӋ YӟL Vӣ 0ұW WKiP 3KiS 7KrP YjR ÿy FzQ Fy
YLӋF QăP VDX NKL Gӵ ĈҥL KӝL ÿҧQJ ӣ 0DFDR QJj\ WKiQJ 7ѭ
Yj WUӣ YӅ OҥL 6jL *zQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Eӏ EҳW Yj ÿm NKDL YӟL EӗL WKҭP
7UҫQ 9ăQ 7ӹ NKLӃQ QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳW VDX ÿy Fy ÿѭӧF WKҧ +ӗ
+ӳX 7ѭӡQJ ÿm Fy ÿӅ FұS ÿӃQ YLӋF Qj\ WURQJ EiR +zD ĈӗQJ .KL FiF
ÿӗQJ FKt WURQJ W WUiFK Fӭ WKu *LjX ÿm WKDQK PLQK ³0̵W WKiP Pj ÿiQK
W{L FK͇W WKu ÿ̫QJ P̭W ÿL P͡W WKͯ OmQK 7{L NKDL QK˱ Y̵\ NK͗L E͓ ÿzQ FiF
ÿ͛QJ FKt P͟L QJ˱ͥL OmQK tW QăP W ÿ͋ WU̫ JLi FiL P̩QJ V͙QJ FͯD W{L´

5D %ҳF ÿ~QJ YjR O~F Gѭ OXұQ [{Q [DR YӅ YLӋF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm Nê
+LӋS ÿӏQK 6ѫ Eӝ QJj\ YӟL -HDQ 6DLQWHQ\ ÿӇ 3KiS ÿә Eӝ OrQ
ÿҩW %ҳF 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF JLDR WUiFK QKLӋP JLҧL WӓD FiF F{QJ NtFK
FӫD FiF EiR 7KLӃW 7KӵF FӫD QKyP 1JNJ ;m Yj FiF Wӡ 6DR 7UҳQJ &KtQK
1JKƭD 9LӋW 1DP FӫD 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ 9LӋW 1DP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm
ÿL QKLӅX QѫL FQJ YӟL /r .KDQJ WURQJ EDQ /LrQ .LӇP ÿӇ GjQ [ӃS FiF
PkX WKXүQ 9LӋW 0LQK Yj 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ Ĉy Oj WKӡL NǤ ³9L͏W 4X͙F /r
9ăQ 1LQK 9L͏W 0LQK 7U̯Q 9ăQ *LjX´ 9LӋF Qj\ VDX FQJ ÿm FKҩP GӭW
NKL 9LӋW 0LQK Ej\ UD FiF Yө SKӕ ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX Yj FҫX &KLrP 6ѫQ ÿӇ Oҩ\
Fӟ WLrX GLӋW FiQ Eӝ 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ

7URQJ EiR 9ăQ 1JKӋ 73 +&0 Vӕ QJj\ FK~F
PӯQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF WXәL WURQJ SKҫQ Oê OӏFK FKӍ Fy NKDL YҳQ
WҳW ³7ӯ *LjX ÿѭӧF 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿLӅX VDQJ JL~S EҥQ [k\
GӵQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ ӣ &DPSXFKLD´ 7KұW Vӵ UD WURQJ QăP Qj\ 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF FKӍ ÿӏQK ӣ 7KiL /DQ Yu QѫL ÿk\ Vӕ 9LӋW NLӅX ÿm WăQJ Wӯ
OrQ NKRҧQJ WUrQ VDX NKL QJѭӡL 9LӋW WҧQ Fѭ Wӯ /jR
VDQJ 9jR O~F Qj\ NK{QJ NKt FKtQK WUӏ ӣ 7KiL /DQ UҩW Fy FҧP WuQK
YӟL NKiQJ FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 7KiL 3ULGL %DQRP\RQJ NKi Wӵ
GR Yj Fy WKLӋQ FҧP YӟL FiFK PҥQJ 9LӋW 1DP 3ULGL %DQDP\RQJ Yj
.KXDQJ $SKDLYRQJ OҥL FzQ ELӃW ÿѭӧF *LjX NKL FzQ Oj EҥQ KӑF ӣ 3KiS

1JѭӡL 9LӋW ӣ 7KiL /DQ YjR WKӡL WKӫ WѭӟQJ 3ULGL WURQJ NK{QJ NKt Wӵ
GR ÿm NK{QJ W{Q WUӑQJ JLӳ JuQ OӕL VӕQJ QJRҥL NLӅX QKj WUHR Fӡ ÿӓ VDR
YjQJ SKҩW SKӟL Eӝ ÿӝL 9LӋW 0LQK PDQJ YNJ NKt ÿL QJRjL SKӕ .KL 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX VDQJ 7KiL /DQ Fy Fҧ Eӝ ÿӝL 9LӋW NLӅX GjQ V~QJ ÿӭQJ FKjR
7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3ULGL FzQ QKҳP PҳW JL~S FKR Fҧ OѭѫQJ WKӵF Yj YNJ NKt 1Kӡ
Yұ\ QrQ QKӳQJ DL Fy PһW WURQJ FKLӃQ NKX 1DP %ӝ YjR FiF QăP
Fy NKL WKҩ\ WKҩS WKRiQJ Fy FiF FKL ÿӝL NKiQJ FKLӃQ PһF TXkQ SKөF
PjX YjQJ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj Eӝ ÿӝL KҧL QJRҥL Ĉy Oj FiF FKL ÿӝL 7UҫQ 3K~ QăP

476 LONG ĐIỀN

Yj KDL ÿRjQ &ӱX /RQJ , Yj ,, WURQJ QăP
1JRjL YLӋF OLrQ OҥF YӟL FiF Wә FKӭF SKiL Wҧ ӣ %DQJNRN Yj ÿLӅX NKLӇQ

Ӫ\ EDQ 7LӃS WӃ 1DP %ӝ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OҥL FzQ SKө WUiFK PӝW WRiQ ÿһF
F{QJ FKX\rQ P{Q FKӕQJ SKi FiF Fѫ Vӣ FKӕQJ &ӝQJ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW WҥL
7KiL 1ăP *LjX ÿm FKӍ WKӏ FKR WRiQ Qj\ iP ViW FNJQJ OҥL iP ViW
QăP FiQ Eӝ &DR ĈjL ӣ %DQJNRN

&KX\ӋQ Ju SKҧL ÿӃQ ÿm ÿӃQ Yj YjR WKiQJ QăP 3KLEXO
6RQJUDP ÿm OjP FXӝF ÿҧR FKtQK ӣ 7KiL Yj ÿH GӑD FҳW ÿӭW FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ
9LӋW 0LQK ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm FҩS WKӡL JӣL +RjQJ 9ăQ +RDQ
VDQJ WKD\ WKӃ ÿҥL GLӋQ FKtQK WKӭF FӫD 9LӋW 1DP Oj 1JX\ӉQ ĈӭF 4Xê
QKѭQJ WKұW Vӵ Oj ÿӇ FKҩP GӭW KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX +RjQJ 9ăQ
+RDQ ÿm FKҩP GӭW OӅ OӕL KRҥW ÿӝQJ Oӝ OLӉX FӫD FiF Wә FKӭF 9LӋW NLӅX ÿm
OjP FKiQK TX\ӅQ 7KiL OR QJҥL 7URQJ TX\ӇQ ³*L͕W 1˱ͣF WURQJ %L͋Q
&̫´ +RjQJ 9ăQ +RDQ ÿm iP FKӍ FKӍ WUtFK 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ³P͡W ÿ͛QJ
FKt ÿL ÿkX FNJQJ QyL FKͯ QJKƭD 0iF ´

1ăP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WUӣ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP 7әQJ
*LiP ÿӕF 1KD 7K{QJ WLQ FKR ÿӃQ QăP WKu ÿѭӧF FKX\ӇQ TXD F{QJ
WiF ӣ %ӝ *LiR GөF .KL WLӃS TXҧQ +j 1ӝL QăP *LjX ÿѭӧF OjP
.KRD WUѭӣQJ .KRD 9ăQ 6ӱ WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 6ѭ SKҥP +j 1ӝL

7ӯ ÿӃQ *LjX ÿѭӧF SKRQJ KjP *LiR Vѭ F{QJ WiF ӣ Ӫ\
EDQ .KRD KӑF ;m KӝL

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Wӯ QJj\ ÿѭӧF YӅ %ҳF SKө WUiFK YӅ JLiR GөF ӣ ĈҥL
KӑF FNJQJ QKѭ ӣ WUѭӡQJ ĈҧQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF KӑF WUz KkP Pӝ SKҫQ OӟQ QKӡ
YjR QKӳQJ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL WUX\ӅQ WөQJ YӅ YLӋF *LjX WKjQK F{QJ WURQJ 1DP
1KLӅX ÿҧQJ YLrQ ÿm WKѭӡQJ KmQK GLӋQ Oj ÿm ÿѭӧF WKDP Gӵ QKӳQJ OӟS
KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FӫD *LjX *LjX FNJQJ WUѭӟF WiF UҩW QKLӅX WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ Gҥ\
KӑF 1KӳQJ WiF SKҭP Fy WҫP YyF Oj *LDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ 9L͏W 1DP (4
WұS JҫQ WUDQJ 0L͉Q 1DP JLͷ YͷQJ WKjQK ÿ͛QJ WұS &K͙QJ
[kP OăQJ WұS JҫQ WUDQJ 1KӳQJ ViFK YLӃW YӅ VDX FӫD *LjX
QKѭ 6͹ SKiW WUL͋Q W˱ W˱ͧQJ ͧ 9L͏W 1DP KRһF 7˱ W˱ͧQJ WUL͇W K͕F ÿ̩R
ÿͱF Yj FKiQK WU͓ FͯD 1KR JLiR ÿͥL 7͙QJ QKҩW Oj NKL *LjX WUӣ YӅ VӕQJ
ӣ 6jL *zQ VDX QăP QD\ WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX KӑF JLҧ FKR Oj YLӃW
TXi JLӕQJ FiF ViQJ WiF FӫD Fӕ JLiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ ĈăQJ 7KөF WURQJ 1DP"

ĈѭӧF KXҩQ OX\ӋQ KDL QăP ӣ WUѭӡQJ Ĉ{QJ 3KѭѫQJ FӫD ÿҧQJ ӣ
0RVFRX iS GөQJ FiF kP PѭX Yj ViFK OѭӧF KӑF ÿѭӧF FӫD 6WDOLQ Yj
WX\ӋW ÿӕL WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF 7Ӄ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Yj FiF ÿӗQJ
FKt ÿm [k\ GӵQJ PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL ÿӝF ÿҧQJ WKtFK VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ
FjL F{QJ DQ YjR WҩW Fҧ Fѫ TXDQ FӫD ÿҧQJ Yj QKj QѭӟF NKLӃQ ÿҧQJ YLrQ
QjR VDX FQJ FNJQJ ÿkP UD Vӧ Eӝ Pi\ QJKLӅQ GR FKtQK Kӑ WҥR UD Fy WKӇ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 477

WUӣ OҥL QJKLӅQ QiW Kӑ 7URQJ NKRҧQJ WKӡL JLDQ NKL Fy QKӳQJ
[iR WUӝQ WR OӟQ WURQJ ÿӡL VӕQJ GkQ FK~QJ Yu YLӋF &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW
PDQJ GDQK Oj Oê WKX\ӃW JLD FӫD ÿҧQJ QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKҩ\ *LjX OrQ PӝW
WLӃQJ Ju &KӍ Fy PӝW OҫQ *LjX ÿm GiP QyL WURQJ PӝW FXӝF WUDQK OXұQ
³ĈjR 'X\ $QK Oj EұF ÿjQ DQK FӫD W{L YӅ Vӱ KӑF DQK 7UҫQ ĈӭF 7KҧR Oj
QKj WULӃW KӑF Fy X\ WtQ ´ Ĉy Oj WKӡL JLDQ [ҧ\ UD Yө 1KkQ YăQ *LDL SKҭP ӣ
%ҳF Yj 7UҫQ ĈӭF 7KҧR ĈjR 'X\ $QK FNJQJ QKѭ QKLӅX YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ ӣ YjR
WuQK WUҥQJ ³Fy YҩQ ÿӅ´ ÿӕL YӟL ÿҧQJ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WURQJ EjL Tình
QJKƭD 7K̯\ 7Uz QKҳF ÿӃQ YLӋF Qj\ NKL FzQ Oj VLQK YLrQ “Tình hình lúc
Ḙ\ JLͥ NK{QJ ÿ˯Q JL̫Q´ và dám khen ³$QK ĈjR Oj P͡W V͵ JLD JL͗L´
QyL QKѭ Yұ\ KӗL Eҩ\ JLӡ NK{QJ GӉ. 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PӝW WKjQK SKҫQ ÿ~QJ
UD Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKҧL WUDQK ÿҩX FKӕQJ YLӋF OjP VDL WUiL FӫD ÿҧQJ ÿm NK{QJ
GiP OrQ WLӃQJ 7Kj QKuQ QKұQ Vӵ WKұW SKNJ SKjQJ YӅ &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW
WKHR FiFK QyL FӫD 7{Q ĈӭF 7KҳQJ PӟL WKұW Oj ÿ~QJ KѫQ ³Ĉ 0 WDR
FNJQJ Vͫ Qy P̯\ FzQ EL͋X WDR GiP QyL FiL Ju"´ (³9L͇W FKR 0́ Yj 4X͙F
+͡L´ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ VÿG WUDQJ

7URQJ NKRҧQJ WKӡL JLDQ ÿѭӧF ÿҧQJ FKӍ ÿӏQK OjP F{QJ WiF JLiR GөF
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Fy PӝW F{QJ WUuQK OӟQ YLӃW OiFK UҩW QKLӅX YӅ KҫX QKѭ
PӑL ÿӅ WjL 7X\ QKLrQ YӅ ULrQJ PһW Oê WKX\ӃW ÿҧQJ WKu {QJ YүQ UұS WKHR
QKӳQJ OXұQ ÿLӋX PӝW FKLӅX FӫD FiF ÿӗ ÿӋ FӫD WrQ ÿӗ WӇ 6WDOLQ &KӃ ÿӝ ӣ
/LrQ 6{ Yj Ĉ{QJ ÆX ÿm VөS ÿә QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKҩ\ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX GiP
OrQ WLӃQJ YӅ YLӋF Fy QrQ [pW ÿӃQ YLӋF WKD\ ÿәL FҩX WU~F FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ &ӝQJ
VҧQ Fy QrQ ÿӅ QJKӏ [k\ GӵQJ OҥL PӝW WKӇ FKӃ [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD KRjQ WRjQ
NKiF" .K{QJ WKҩ\ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OrQ WLӃQJ Fy WKӇ FKҩS QKұQ WKӇ FKӃ
NK{QJ ÿӝF ÿҧQJ Yj ÿӝF NKӕL PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ ÿD ÿҧQJ PӝW QӅQ NLQK WӃ Wӵ
TXҧQ YӟL QKLӅX QJKLӋS ÿRjQ Wӵ GR JLDR OѭX Wѭ WѭӣQJ WURQJ YăQ QJKӋ
Wӵ GR EiR FKt Wӵ GR KӝL KӑS Yj OұS KӝL TX\ӅQ ELӇX WuQK TX\ӅQ ÿuQK
F{QJ WҩW Fҧ ÿѭӧF WKұW Vӵ WX\ӋW ÿӕL EҧR ÿҧP EҵQJ EҧQ +LӃQ 3KiS"

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WX\ QD\ Fy PӝW YӕQ OLӃQJ YLӃW OiFK SKRQJ SK~ QKѭQJ
Yu QKӳQJ WӝL iF ÿm Jk\ WURQJ EXәL ÿҫX FXӝF .KiQJ FKLӃQ 1DP %ӝ ÿm
QKүQ WkP JLӃW KҥL Fҧ PӝW WKӃ KӋ QKӳQJ QKj iL TXӕF FiFK PҥQJ ӣ PLӅQ
1DP JiQ FKR Kӑ GDQK Wӯ 9LӋW JLDQ SKҧQ ÿӝQJ PӝW QJѭӡL ÿm Jk\ EDR
QKLrX WDQJ WyF QKѭQJ FKѭD EDR JLӡ QyL OrQ ÿѭӧF PӝW WLӃQJ KӕL WLӃF
QKӳQJ YLӋF OjP ÿm TXD QrQ ÿӕL YӟL GkQ PLӅQ 1DP 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX YүQ
FzQ PDQJ WLӃQJ Oj PӝW Nҿ iF

7ӝL iF O~F QjR FNJQJ Oj WӝL iF QKӭW Oj WӝL iF NK{QJ ÿѭӧF KӕL FҧL 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX Yu Yұ\ NKy Fy WKӇ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj ³&KX 9ăQ $Q WKͥL QD\´ QKѭ
PӝW QKj YăQ FӫD EiF Yj ÿҧQJ E~W GDQK 7UҫQ 7KDQK ĈҥP QjR ÿy ÿm YLӃW
(³*LiR V˱ 7U̯Q 9ăQ *LjX Oj &KX 9ăQ $Q WKͥL QD\ FͯD FK~QJ WD QK˱
Q~L 7KiL 6˯Q JLͷD ÿ͛QJ E̹QJ V{QJ &͵X /RQJ´ ) !.

478 LONG ĐIỀN

1Kj YăQ 3KiS 0LFKHO 7DXULDF ÿm JӑL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj 7rQ ViW QKkQ
9LӋW 0LQK WKӡL WUѭӟF 0һF GҫX Vӵ QJKLӋS JLiR GөF 7UҫQ YăQ *LjX Fy
WKӇ VӁ FzQ ÿѭӧF QKҳF ÿӃQ WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL QKѭQJ TXi NKӭ ÿҫ\ WӝL iF FӫD
*LjX NK{QJ WKӇ ÿӇ GkQ FK~QJ PLӅQ 1DP FKҩS QKұQ *LjX Oj PӝW ³1Kj
Giáo Nhân Dân”.

+DL WD\ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Yҩ\ PiX DQK HP FiFK PҥQJ PLӅQ 1DP
0ӝW QJѭӡL QKѭ WKӃ FKӍ Fy WKӇ ÿѭӧF [HP Oj PӝW ³1Kj JLiR FӫD ÿҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ ĈӋ 7DP´ ӣ 1DP %ӝ

7KiQJ QăP
75Ҫ1 1*8Ѫ1 3+,Ç8
$L JLӃW ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә " WiF JLҧ +ӭD +RjQK
http://galleryfilmvideo.blogspot.com/2007/05/ha-honh-vit-v-giai-on-
lch-s-1945-54.html

7URQJ OӏFK Vӱ FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP FKѭD Fy FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK YӋ TXӕF
QjR NǤ FөF QKѭ FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS YjR QăP Pj &6
JӑL Oj ³&iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ ´ 'QJ WKӫ ÿRҥQ PXD FKXӝF Gө Gӛ OӯD EӏS
Jk\ FKLD UӁ NKӫQJ Eӕ WjQ ViW ÿӇ FKLӃP FKR ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ WURQJ
WD\ QJѭӡL TXӕF JLD 9LӋW 0LQK OmQK ÿҥR FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ ÿL OzQJ YzQJ
SKt ELӃW EDR QKLrX QKkQ OӵF YұW OӵF WjL OӵF ÿӃQ NKL FKLӃQ WK£QJ WKu ÿҩW
QѭӟF ÿm NKiQK WұQ .pR GjL FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ ÿӇ Kӑ Fy ÿӫ WKӡL JLӡ ³K\
VLQK QKӳQJ QJѭӡL DQK HP´ QJRjL ÿҧQJ 1Kӡ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Qj\ ÿҧQJ &6
PӟL KѭӣQJ ÿѭӧF YLQK TXDQJ
%jL Qj\ NӇ OҥL QKӳQJ ÿLӅX WDL QJKH PҳW WKҩ\ FӫD QJѭӡL WURQJ FXӝF &y
QJѭӡL WKHR VXӕW FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ WӟL QJj\ WKjQK F{QJ Fy QJѭӡL Eӓ
FXӝF Yu WKҩ\ U} Gm WkP FӫD QJѭӡL &6 Fy QJѭӡL Oj QҥQ QKkQ FӫD
QKӳQJ Yө iP ViW KөW Fy Nҿ EjQJ TXDQJ ' ӣ FѭѫQJ Yӏ QjR KRjQ
FҧQK QjR DL FNJQJ WKҩ\ U} ÿLӇP FKXQJ WtQK FKҩW OӯD EӏS FӫD &6 Vѭ
OӯD EӏS Yƭ ÿҥL KjR QKRiQJ QKӭW WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ FӫD GkQ WӝF 91 &K~QJ WD
FNJQJ QrQ QJKLrQJ PuQK WUѭӟF FiF DQK KQJ OLӋW Vƭ ÿm [ҧ WKkQ FKLӃQ ÿҩX
Yj Eӏ OӧL GөQJ NK{QJ FKӃW WUѭӟF KӑQJ V~QJ Nҿ WK WKӵF GkQ 3KiS Pj
OҥL FKӃW Yu Vӵ NKӫQJ Eӕ WjQ QKүQ FӫD QJѭӡL &6

/kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS YjR QJj\
WKu K{P VDX ³4XӕF *LD 7ѭ 9Ӌ &XӝF´ UD ÿӡL 7UiL QJѭӧF YӟL
WrQ JӑL 4XӕF *LD 7ѭ 9Ӌ &XӝF NK{QJ SKҧL Oj OӵF OѭӧQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ
FKӕQJ TXkQ WK Pj OҥL Fy QKLӋP Yө OQJ VөF EҳW Eӟ WKӫ WLrX ÿӗQJ
EjR EҵQJ KuQK WKӭF FKһW ÿҫX Pә EөQJ FKR ³Pz W{P´ PyF PҳW FҳW
OѭӥL Yj QKLӋP Yө NKiF Oj EҧR YӋ VLQK PҥQJ FӫD QKӳQJ Nҿ ÿm UD OӏQK
WjQ ViW ÿӗQJ EjR WӭF Oj OmQK ÿҥR 9LӋW 0LQK ӣ 1DP %ӝ 4XӕF *LD 7ѭ
9Ӌ &XӝF YjR EXәL ÿҫX WKkX GөQJ QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ VӕQJ QJRjL YzQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 479

SKiS OXұW QKӳQJ WrQ GDR E~D QKӳQJ WrQ WU{L V{QJ OҥF FKӧ ÿҫX WUӝP
ÿX{L FѭӟS QKѭ 7{ .ê %D 1Kӓ ĈjR &{QJ 7kP .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ %ӱX
9LQK +RjQJ 7Kӑ 6ҹQ KұQ WK FKҩW FKӭD QD\ Fy TX\ӅQ VLQK ViW OҥL
TXHQ QJKӅ FKpP JLӃW QKyP 4XӕF *LD 7ѭ 9Ӌ &XӝF JLӃW QJѭӡL WjQ EҥR
FzQ KѫQ ÿӕL YӟL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS /~F ÿy /kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK ÿyQJ YDL
WUz QKѭ FKtQK SKӫ FӫD PLӅQ 1DP FKtQK SKӫ JLjQK JLӵW FӫD QJѭӡL
NKiF QKѭQJ NK{QJ Fy TXkQ ÿӝL WKu OjP VDR NKiQJ FKLӃQ " Vѭ ÿRjQ
GkQ TXkQ ÿѭӧF 0һW 7UұQ 4XӕF *LD 7KӕQJ 1KҩW FiF KӝL ÿRjQ FKtQK WUӏ
Yj W{Q JLiR FӫD 1DP %ӝ WKjQK OұS K{P WURQJ NKL ÿy WKu 9LӋW
0LQK NK{QJ Fy Vѭ ÿRjQ QjR 9u WKӃ &6 SKҧL WuP FiFK JLҧL WiQ WuP FiFK
SKi QiW /ӵD WURQJ ³ÿiP PһW UҵQJ´ /kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK SKRQJ FKӭF

.LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ QҳP WRjQ TX\ӅQ VLQK ViW YӟL FKӭF ³*LiP ÿӕF
&{QJ DQ PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ´

'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL ÿm WӯQJ TXD /LrQ [{ KӑF WUѭӡQJ 6WDOLQ
FQJ OѭӧW YӟL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Fy Et GDQK Oj %RXURY 7KDQK WUD FKtQK
WUӏ PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ FNJQJ Oj KXQJ WKҫQ QKѭQJ NK{QJ Fy TXkQ KjQK ÿӝQJ
WUӵF WLӃS

%D 1Kӓ 7UѭӣQJ EӑQ iP ViW EҳW FyF WKӫ WLrX WKHR PұW OLQK 3KҥP
YL FӫD %D 1Kӓ Oj 6DLJRQ &Kӧ /ӟQ

/ê +Xr 9LQK F{QJ DQ FiQK WD\ ÿҳF OӵF FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKX\rQ
Kҥ ViW FiF OmQK Wө TXӕF JLD

ĈjR &{QJ 7kP WUѭӟF Oj OtQK WURQJ WRiQ FӫD %D 1Kӓ 7Kҩ\ 7kP
JLӃW QJѭӡL NK{QJ JӟP WD\ 9LӋW 0LQK QkQJ ÿӥ FKR OjP &KtQK WUӏ YLrQ
7LӇX ÿRjQ FӫD /RQJ ;X\rQ

9ӟL QKӳQJ WD\ JLӃW QJѭӡL FKX\rQ QJKLӋS VD\ PiX PӋQK GDQK Oj
³4XӕF *LD 7ѭ 9Ӌ &XӝF´ GR 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WiF JLҧ ³9LӃW FKR Pҽ
Yj TXӕF KӝL´ WURQJ QKӳQJ QăP NKiQJ FKLӃQ 9LӋW 0LQK ÿm JLHR NLQK
KRjQJ FKR WҩW Fҧ PӑL QJѭӡL ӣ 1DP %ӝ


$L JLӃW ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә "

&XӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FӫD WRjQ GkQ NKӣL ÿL WURQJ EҫX NK{QJ NKt V{L QәL
SKҩQ NKӣL Y{ FQJ 7KiQJ KҫX QKѭ WҩW Fҧ GkQ FK~QJ PLӅQ 1DP
ÿӅX ӫQJ Kӝ 9LӋW 0LQK 1KѭQJ FKӍ YjL WKiQJ VDX ÿy YӟL FKtQK ViFK VҳW
PiX QKѭ EҳW FyF FKR ³Pz W{P´ FKһW ÿҫX PyF PҳW FҳW OѭӥL Pә EөQJ
QKӳQJ QҥQ QKkQ Eӏ FKөS PNJ ³9LӋW JLDQ´ ³SKҧQ ÿӝQJ´ ³SKҧQ FiFK
PҥQJ´ ÿm WҥR UD OjQ VyQJ FăP SKүQ EDR WUP ÿҩW QѭӟF &XӝF NKiQJ
FKLӃQ GR ÿy Pj Eӏ [ҽS OpS QKѭ WUiL EDQK [u KѫL 1KӳQJ QJѭӡL FzQ VӕQJ
VyW FRQ FKiX FӫD FiF QҥQ QKkQ ÿL WuP FKӛ Wӷ QҥQ Kӑ EXӝF OzQJ SKҧL ³YӅ
WKjQK´ ÿӇ WUiQK Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK WjQ ViW OҫQ QӳD +ӑ ÿjQK FKӏX PDQJ WLӃQJ
480 LONG ĐIỀNӄ

Oj ³KӧS WiF YӟL JLһF 3KiS´ 6LQK OӵF NKiQJ FKLӃQ WLrX WDQ QJD\ WҥR ÿj
FKR TXkQ 3KiS FKLӃP OҥL FiF WӍQK PLӅQ 1DP FiFK GӉ GjQJ FKӍ WURQJ
vòng ... 4 tháng !

&KӍ WURQJ YzQJ Fy WKiQJ WUӡL JLjQK TX\ӅQ ÿҥL GLӋQ GkQ FK~QJ
PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 0LQK ÿm ELӃQ WuQK ÿRjQ NӃW WKjQK QӝL WK &iF Yө JLӃW
QJѭӡL Pӡ iP FiF Yө NKӫQJ Eӕ ÿүP PiX ÿm OjP FKR GkQ PLӅQ 1DP
WKӭF WӍQK 3KL QJKƭD Yj OjP PҩW WKӃ ÿRjQ NӃW QJD\ NKL 9LӋW 0LQK UD OӏQK
ÿjQ iS ÿүP PiX FXӝF ELӇX WuQK FӫD 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR WҥL &ҫQ 7Kѫ
7KHR OӏQK ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә ÿӇ FKӕQJ OҥL WuQK WUҥQJ ÿӝF WjL FӫD
9LӋW 0LQK WtQ ÿӗ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR FiF YQJ OkQ FұQ WӍQK &ҫQ 7Kѫ Yj
Vӕ WKӏ GkQ NpR YӅ ELӇX WuQK UҫP Uӝ YӟL WD\ NK{QJ Yj ELӇX QJӳ &XӝF
ELӇX WuQK Fy [LQ SKpS &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK FKiQK Oj {QJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
.KpR 6iQJ VӟP QJj\ NKL ÿRjQ ELӇX WuQK YӟL Vӕ ³EҧR DQ´ YӟL
WҫP YRQJ YҥW QKӑQ WKu OjP VDR FKӕQJ OҥL YӟL V~QJ ÿҥQ 7UѭӟF ÿy 9LӋW
0LQK ÿm PӡL ÿҥL GLӋQ FӫD 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR ӣ &ҫQ 7Kѫ Oj FiF {QJ
+XǤQK 7KҥQK 0ұX EjR ÿӋ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ 1JX\ӉQ ;XkQ 7KLӃS DQK Kӑ
QKj YăQ 1JX\ӉQ +LӃQ /r Yj 7UҫQ 9ăQ +RjQK FRQ WUDL {QJ 1ăP /ӱD
ÿӃQ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW QKѭQJ WKҩW EҥL 1KLӅX QJѭӡL WKDP Gӵ FXӝF ELӇX WuQK
Qj\ FKӍ Fy WD\ NK{QJ YӟL EuQK QѭӟF XӕQJ YӯD Wӯ GѭӟL JKH FһS EӃQ ÿm
Eӏ Wӵ YӋ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK EҳQ FKӃW QJD\ WҥL Eӡ V{QJ 7URQJ Yө WKҧP ViW
Qj\ {QJ +RjQJ 4XӕF .Ǥ QJѭӡL NKiQJ FKLӃQ WұS NӃW YӅ %ҳF JһS OҥL
EҥQ FNJ Oj QJѭѫL ÿm [ҧ V~QJ EҳQ YjR QKyP ELӇX WuQK ҩ\ NӇ OҥL QKѭ VDX

³1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 1JKӋ WD\ V~QJ WLӇX OLrQ ÿҫX ÿjQ FӫD 9Ӌ TXӕF ÿRjQ
PLӅQ 7k\ 1DP %ӝ &6 NӇ OҥL WUұQ ³WҳP PiX ÿy´ 7өL +zD +ҧR JDQ
FQJ PuQK /ӟS Qj\ QJҧ [XӕQJ OӟS NKiF WLӃQ OrQ Fҧ ÿjQ Ej FRQ QtW
FNJQJ Yұ\ %yS Fz ÿӃQ UXQJ Fҧ WD\ PiX ORDQJ ÿӓ KӃW Fҧ PһW ÿѭӡQJ Pj
FK~QJ Qy YүQ QKjR Y{ KӑQJ V~QJ

&KLӃQ Vƭ WD ÿm WҧQ WKҫQ QKѭQJ OӏQK EҳW SKҧL EҳQ WLӃS´

ĈjQ iS [RQJ 9LӋW 0LQK GQJ [H Fy ORD SKyQJ WKDQK FKҥ\ NKҳS
ÿѭӡQJ SKӕ ORDQ WLQ +zD +ҧR GQJ JKH YѭӧW V{QJ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ÿә Eӝ YjR
FKkX WKjQK Eӏ ³9Ӌ TXӕF ÿRjQ´ ÿҭ\ OXL

5ӗL 9LӋW 0LQK NӃW iQ +zD +ҧR kP PѭX FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ ӣ &ҫQ
7Kѫ

0ӟL K{P WUѭӟF Yu Eӏ FKӍ WUtFK ÿӝF WjL /kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK [LQ
FҧL Wә ÿӅ 3KҥP 9ăQ %ҥFK WKD\ WKӃ FKӭF FKӫ WӏFK Kѭ Yӏ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
YүQ QҳP TXkQ Vӵ Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK FKiQK Fӕ NKҭQ PӡL ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK
3K~ 6ә OjP Fӕ YҩQ ÿһF ELӋW 7Uӣ PһW QKѭ FKRQJ FKyQJ ÿrP
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX PұW OӋQK FKR 7ӵ YӋ 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ WӟL EDR Yk\

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 481

WUө Vӣ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR WҥL JyF ÿѭӡQJ 0LFKH Yj 6RKLHU 3KQJ .KҳF
.KRDQ ÿӇ EҳW ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә QKѭQJ FKӍ EҳW ÿѭӧF Pҩ\ WUăP
WtQ ÿӗ /LrQ WөF QKӳQJ QJj\ NӃ WLӃS 9LӋW 0LQK Pӣ FKLӃQ GӏFK NKӫQJ Eӕ
Fy X\ WtQ FӫD 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR QKѭ &KXQJ %i .KiQK /kP 7KjQK
1JX\rQ 9} 9ăQ 7KӡL 7UѭѫQJ ĈҥL /ѭӧQJ /ê &{QJ 4XұQ 1JX\ӉQ
+ӳX 7ULQK &NJQJ FҫQ QKҳF OҥL WKrP UҵQJ K{P 1JX\ӉQ 7KjQK
6ѫQ 7KDQK WUD FKtQK WUӏ PLӅQ 7k\ Fy PӡL {QJ &KXQJ %i .KiQK YӟL
Wѭ FiFK ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR ÿL WKX\ӃW WUuQK ӣ 6yF 7UăQJ
Pj 'ѭѫQJ .Ǥ +LӋS WKkQ &ӝQJ OjP FKӫ WӏFK Yj 7ҥ %i 7zQJ &6 OjP
SKy Vӕ OӟQ QJѭӡL Eӏ E£W ӣ &ҫQ 7Kѫ QKѭ &KXQJ %i .KiQK /kP 7KjQK
1JX\rQ 9} 9ăQ 7KӡL Ĉӛ +ӳX 7KLӅX Eӏ ÿHP JLDP ӣ 7Uj 9LQK 6DX ÿy
9LӋW 0LQK ÿHP Kӑ [XӕQJ %D ĈӝQJ OjQJ YHQ ELӇQ ÿӇ WUҩQ QѭӟF FKӃW
5LrQJ {QJ /kP 7KjQK 1JX\rQ QKӡ ELӃW OӝL EuQK WӍQK FӣL WUyL EѫL YjR
EөL UұP ҭQ Q~S WUӕQ WKRiW ÿѭӧF WKiQJ VDX FXӝF ELӇX WuQK ӣ &ҫQ 7Kѫ
9LӋW 0LQK ÿHP FiF {QJ +XǤQK 7KҥQK 0ұX EjR ÿӋ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK
3K~ 6ә 1JX\ӉQ ;XkQ 7KLӃS 7UҫQ 9ăQ +RjQK UD [ӱ EҳQ WҥL VkQ EDQK
&ҫQ 7Kѫ

9u ÿҥL QJKƭD TXrQ WK QKj HP UXӝW Oj +XǤQK 7KҥQK 0ұX Eӏ 9LӋW
0LQK [ӱ EҳQ FKӃW WҥL VkQ EDQK &ҫQ 7Kѫ OҥL PӟL WKRiW QҥQ ÿӝW NtFK FӫD
9LӋW 0LQK QKѭQJ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә FNJQJ OzQJ Wӯ EL KӍ [ҧ
OҫQ QӳD OҥL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿRjQ NӃW GkQ WӝF WKjQK OұS 0һW 7UұQ /LrQ +LӋS
4XӕF *LD .KiQJ &KLӃQ FKR SKpS WKjQK SKҫQ &6 WKDP JLD &KtQK {QJ
FNJQJ QKLӅX OҫQ NrX JӑL PӑL QJѭӡL Km\ Eӓ TXD KLӅP NKtFK ÿӇ EҧR YӋ Wә
TXӕF OkP QJX\

0һW 7UұQ /LrQ +LӋS 4XӕF *LD .KiQJ &KLӃQ UD ÿӡL YjR QJj\
JӗP ÿҥL GLӋQ FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL FKtQK WUӏ W{Q JLiR %uQK ;X\rQ Yj &6 QӳD
7KjQK SKҫQ OmQK ÿҥR JӗP

&Kӫ WӏFK +RjQJ $QK Et GDQK FӫD ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә

3Ky FKӫ WӏFK 9NJ 7DP $QK

7Kѭ Nê 0DL 7Kӑ 7UkQ
7X\rQ WUX\ӅQ /r 7UXQJ 1JKƭD Nê JLҧ

Ӫ\ YLrQ TXkQ Vӵ +XǤQK 9ăQ 7Ut 0ѭӡL 7Ut

3KtD &6 WKDP JLD PһW WUұQ Qj\ JӗP Fy 3KҥP 7KLӅX 0DL 7Kӑ 7UkQ
FKtQK WUӏ 3KDQ ĈuQK &{QJ +XǤQK 7ҩQ &KD TXkQ Vӵ

7KkP WkP FӫD &6 NKL JLD QKұS 0һW WUұQ FKӍ Oj ÿӇ [kP QKұS OӫQJ
ÿRҥQ SKi KRҥL Yj O{L NpR 0һW WUұQ QJҧ YӅ SKtD &6 ÆP PѭX Qj\ WKҩW
EҥL 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %uQK &6 WXQJ UD Wә FKӭF NKiF Fy WrQ JӑL QD Qi

482 LONG ĐIỀN

JLӕQJ QKDX WӭF +ӝL /LrQ +LӋS 4XӕF 91 JӑL WҳW Oj +ӝL /LrQ 9LӋW 7ӯ
ÿy FiF SKҫQ Wӱ &6 WURQJ 0һW 7UұQ /LrQ +LӋS 4XӕF *LD .KiQJ &KLӃQ
ÿѭӧF OӏQK U~W NKӓL PһW WUұQ Qj\

&KR WӟL QD\ Gѭ OXұQ Yj QKLӅX ViFK EiR [XҩW EҧQ WҥL PLӅQ 1DP ÿӅX
TX\ WӝL FKR %ӱX 9LQK FKtQK Oj Nҿ ViW QKkQ ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ /RQJ 7KjQK
1DP ÿѭӧF FRL QKѭ QJѭӡL SKiW QJ{Q FKtQK WKӭF FӫD 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR
ÿm YLӃW WURQJ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR 7URQJ 'zQJ /ӏFK 6ӱ 'kQ 7ӝF WUDQJ
430 :

³ +{P VDX ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ QKұQ ÿѭӧF YăQ WKѫ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ
1JX\rQ ÿһF SKiL YLrQ NLrP 7KDQK WUD &KtQK WUӏ 0LӅQ Ĉ{QJ 1DP %ӝ
Yj FӫD %ӱX 9LQK PӡL 1JjL ÿӃQ Gӵ KӝL QJKӏ KӑS WҥL OjQJ 7kQ 3K~ ÿӇ
ÿӏQK OLӋX NӃ KRҥFK KzD JLҧL 9LӋW 0LQK Yj +zD +ҧR 'kQ ;m VDX QJj\ +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK Yj 0RXWHW Nê 7ҥP ѭӟF WҥL 3DULV YjR ĈӭF
7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә WKjQK OұS 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ ;m +ӝL ĈҧQJ WӭF
'kQ ;m O~F ÿҫX ÿҧQJ Qj\ Fy NKX\QK KѭӟQJ KzD JLҧL YӟL 9LӋW 0LQK

³9jR J ViQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QKXҫQ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ [XӕQJ
JKH ÿL YӟL QJѭӡL FKqR Wӵ YӋ TXkQ {QJ ĈҥL ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ ĈҥL ÿӝL Yj
QJѭӡL WKѫ Nê YăQ SKzQJ Oj {QJ +XǤQK +ӳX 7KLӋQ /ӕL J ViQJ JKH WӟL
FKӧ %D 5ăQJ Fy 7UҫQ YăQ 1JX\rQ [XӕQJ ÿyQ 1JjL OrQ FKӧ 1JjL ÿL
GLӉQ JLҧQJ WUѭӟF ÿiP G{QJ QJѭӡL NrX JӑL ÿRjQ NӃW FKӕQJ [kP OăQJ Yj
JҥW Eӓ KұQ WK JLӳD 9LӋW 0LQK Yj 'kQ ;m 7UѭD OҥL 1JjL GQJ FѫP YӟL
7UҫQ 9ăQ 1JX\rQ Yj WKѫ Nê [XӕQJ ÿL FKXQJ JKH YӟL 1JjL ÿӃQ ĈӕF
9jQJ Kҥ WKXӝF WK{Q 7kQ 3K~ ĈӃQ ÿk\ EҧQ KLӋX WULӋX ÿѭӧF F{QJ
Eӕ FKR ELӃW FiF FҩS FKӍ KX\ ErQ EҳW WD\ QKDX OR YLӋF KzD JLҧL Yj
NrX JӑL ErQ ÿӯQJ [{ ViW QKDX

³6DX NKL GQJ FѫP FKLӅX ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ OҥL QJKӍ ӣ QKj WtQ ÿӗ JҫQ ÿy
+{P VDX QJj\ OӕL J ViQJ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ WUӣ OҥL KӝL ÿjP YӟL 7UҫQ
9ăQ 1JX\rQ UӗL SKiL {QJ 1J{ 7UXQJ +ѭQJ FQJ QKkQ YLrQ FӫD 7UҫQ
9ăQ 1JX\rQ ÿL FiF WK{Q KzD JLҧL

³6DX NKL GQJ EӳD FѫP WUѭD ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ [XӕQJ JKH QJKӍ WKu %ӱX
9LQK EiR FiR UҵQJ ³'kQ ;m JLӃW 9LӋW 0LQK ӣ /ҩS 9z´ Yj EXӝF ĈӭF
7Kҫ\ SKҧL ÿL QKѭQJ 1JjL Wӓ UD FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW ELӋQ EiF Yj ÿzL %ӱX 9LQK
FQJ ÿL %ӱX 9LQK NKѭӟF Wӯ Yj ÿzL SKҧL Fy Eӝ ÿӝL Y} WUDQJ WKHR SKzQJ
YӋ WKu PӟL ÿL 1JjL WUҧ OӡL FiFK FӭQJ FӓL

7ҥL VDR W{L Fy tW QJѭӡL NK{QJ Fy Eӝ ÿӝL ӫQJ Kӝ Pj OҥL GiP YjR
VjR KX\ӋW " 1Kѭ WKӃ TXt {QJ NK{QJ WKjQK WKұW

³%ӱX 9LQK NK{QJ WUҧ OӡL ÿѭӧF QrQ EXӝF OzQJ SKҧL ÿL Yj \rX FҫX
ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ ÿӃQ YăQ SKzQJ FӫD \ ÿӇ FQJ ÿL /LӅQ O~F ÿy 7UҫQ 9ăQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 483

1JX\rQ ÿӃQ WUDR FKR 1JjL PҧQK JLҩ\ QyL UҵQJ ´&y ÿLӋQ WtQ Wӯ Ӫ\
EDQ +jQK &KiQK 1DP %ӝ PӡL ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ WUӣ YӅ PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ OұS WӭF ÿӇ
Gӵ SKLrQ KӑS EҩW WKѭӡQJ´

³ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ WUҧ OӡL ³.K{QJ WKӇ WUӣ YӅ Gӵ SKLrQ KӑS ÿѭӧF Yu FzQ OR
YLӋF KzD JLҧL´

&KLӅX K{P ҩ\ 7UҫQ 9ăQ 1JX\rQ Wӯ JLm 1JjL YjR O~F QKi QKHP WӕL

³< KҽQ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ [XӕQJ JKH ÿӃQ YăQ SKzQJ %ӱX 9LQK Fy OLrQ
OҥF YLrQ GүQ GѭӡQJ 7UӡL WӕL ÿHQ QKѭ PӵF EӛQJ Fy WLӃQJ NrX

*KH DL ÿy " 6DR JLӡ Qj\ ÿm WKLӃW TXkQ OӵF Pj FzQ GiP ÿL "

1JѭӡL OLrQ OҥF YLrQ WUҧ OӡL

ĈL OҥL YăQ SKzQJ {QJ %ӱX 9LQK
³/LӅQ ÿy Fy OӏQK ELӇX JKH JKp OҥL 5ӗL ÿqQ FKyL UӑL [XӕQJ NKL ELӃW
Oj JKH FӫD ĈӭF ÐQJ %ӱX 9LQK PӡL ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ OrQ YăQ SKzQJ

³ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ FQJ Wӵ YӋ OrQ QJ{L QKj QJyL 1JjL YjR QJӗL EjQ
JLӳD QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL %ӱX 9LQK FzQ Wӵ YӋ TXkQ FҫP V~QJ ÿӭQJ ErQ
JҫQ FӱD SK~W VDX OӕL J Fy QJѭӡL Wӯ ErQ QJRjL ÿL YjR FKLD OjP
FһS WUjQ WӟL ÿkP Wӵ YӋ TXkQ

QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿkP FKӃW FKӍ FzQ QJѭӡL WKӭ Wѭ Oj 3KDQ 9ăQ 7ӹ ODQK WUt
QrQ WUiQK NӏS OLӅQ WKRiW UD QJRjL EҳQ ORҥW WLӇX OLrQ 7URQJ O~F DQK 7ӹ
Qp WKu WURQJ WrQ 9LӋW 0LQK Eӏ ÿӗQJ EӑQ FӫD PuQK ÿkP FKӃW

³7Kҩ\ FKX\ӋQ FKҷQJ OjQK ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ ODQK Oҽ WKәL WҳW QJӑQ ÿqQ YăQ
SKzQJ WUӣ QrQ WӕL ÿHQ NK{QJ DL QKұQ UD ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ ÿkX Fҧ ´

&K~QJ W{L PD\ PҳQ ÿѭӧF KҫX FKX\ӋQ FQJ {QJ /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ
QKkQ YұW WrQ WXәL FӫD PLӅQ 7k\ WKӡL NKiQJ FKLӃQ 1ăP QD\ {QJ ÿm
WXәL WLQK WKҫQ YүQ FzQ NKDQJ NLӋQ ÐQJ Wӯ WӕQ NK{QJ PXӕQ NӇ OҥL
WKjQK WtFK FӫD Eӝ ÿӝL PuQK QKѭQJ FK~QJ W{L WuP KLӇX WKrP WURQJ FiF
WjL OLӋX WKu Eӝ ÿӝL /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ UD ÿӡL WURQJ KRjQ FҧQK PLӅQ 1DP
YQJ OrQ FKӕQJ 3KiS YjR FXӕL QăP %ӝ ÿӝL /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ Wӵ
WX\ӇQ Pӝ WUDQJ Eӏ Y} NKt Yj OұS QKLӅX FKLӃQ F{QJ YDQJ Gұ\ NKҳS PLӅQ
7k\ 7KjQK WtFK OӟQ QKҩW Oj FѭӟS ÿѭӧF FKLӃQ [D FӫD 3KiS Wӯ ELrQ JLӟL
0LrQ WUjQ TXD +j 7LrQ ÿHP YӅ WULӇQ OmP FKR GkQ FK~QJ +j 7LrQ [HP
&KLӃQ OӧL SKҭP ҩ\ FzQ Yҿ YDQJ KѫQ Fk\ V~QJ ÿҥL EiF O\ Oҩ\ ÿѭӧF
WURQJ WUұQ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ 7ҫP 9X &ҫQ 7Kѫ QăP GR +XǤQK 3KDQ
+ӝ FKӍ KX\ 7KjQK WtFK Qj\ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ ÿѭӧF &6 QKҳF WӟL WURQJ FiF
WjL OLӋX Vӱ ViFK FӫD Kӑ FKӍ Yu {QJ /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj
ÿҧQJ YLrQ &6

484 LONG ĐIỀN

.KL EiF Vƭ 9LӋW 0LQK Oj 1JX\ӉQ &{QJ 7UXQJ WKDQ UҵQJ ³7KLӃX GөQJ
Fө \ NKRD ÿӇ Pә [ҿ FӭX FiF WKѭѫQJ ELQK´ WKu Eӝ ÿӝL /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ
WuQK QJX\ӋQ ÿiQK YjR %ҥF /LrX FKLӃP EӏQK [i WӏFK WKX KӃW GөQJ Fө \
NKRD Yj WKXӕF PHQ YӅ FKR Kӑ

1ăP {QJ /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ Oj ĈҥL ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ ĈҥL ÿӝL +j
7LrQ FzQ %ӱX 9LQK Oj ĈҥL ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ ĈҥL ÿӝL /RQJ ;X\rQ

ÐQJ /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ TXҧ TX\ӃW UҵQJ ³&KtQK ĈjR &{QJ 7kP
&KtQK WUӏ YLrQ FӫD ĈҥL GӝL 9LӋW 0LQK FKӫ ÿӝQJ Kҥ ViW ĈӭF 7Kҫ\
YjR KӑS UӗL D UD ÿkP ORҥQ ÿm YjR PӑL QJѭѫL Wӵ YӋ TXkQ FӫD ĈӭF
7Kҫ\ NKL ÿqQ WҳW ĈjR &{QJ 7kP ÿm Kҥ ViW ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ FKӟ NK{QJ SKҧL
%ӱX 9LQK 1yL QKѭ Yұ\ NK{QJ SKҧL %ӱX 9LQK Oj Nҿ Y{ WӝL +ҳQ ÿӗQJ
O}D VҳS ÿһW kP PѭX QKѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ 1JX\rQ &KtQK ĈjR &{QJ 7kP FzQ
Oҩ\ ÿѭӧF Fk\ V~QJ QKӓ FӫD ĈӭF FKӃ WҥR " GR Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK
FKiQK 1DP %ӝ WһQJ ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ NKL {QJ QKұP FKӭF Fӕ YҩQ ÿһF ELӋW WUѭӟF
ÿk\ &k\ V~QJ ҩ\ Ei V~QJ Fy QҥP YjQJ Yj ĈjR &{QJ 7kP ÿm WUDR Fk\
V~QJ OҥL FKR 3KDQ 7UӑQJ 7XӋ O~F ÿy Oj &KtQK ӫ\ .KX ´

7KHR {QJ /kP 4XDQJ 3KzQJ WKu %ӱX 9LQK Oj QJѭӡL WKXӝF KRjQJ
SKiL WUѭӟF OjP WKѫ Nê NKR EҥF WҥL WӍQK PLӅQ 7UXQJ WKөW NpW Eӓ WUӕ
YjR 1DP 9LQK OjP ÿӫ PӑL QJKӅ ODR ÿӝQJ FKkQ WD\ WUӕQ WUiQK QJRjL
YzQJ SKiS OXұW &y O~F 9LQK WU{L GҥW WӟL 3K~ 4XӕF JLD QKұS Eӝ ÿӝL /kP
4XDQJ 3KzQJ FӫD {QJ 9LQK ÿiQK JLһF JDQ Ou KLӃX ViW QrQ ÿѭӧF Fӱ Oj
7LӇX ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ ËW WKiQJ VDX 9LQK QJҧ WKHR 9LӋW 0LQK

9ӟL NKҧ QăQJ JLӃW QJѭӡL FKX\rQ QJKLӋS 9LQK QKѭ QJѭӡL WuP ÿѭӧF
YұQ KӝL PӟL

ĈҫX QăP 9LQK OjP ĈҥL ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ ĈҥL ÿӝL /RQJ ;X\rQ
FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK

&zQ ĈjR &{QJ 7kP Oj QJѭӡL +ҧL 3KzQJ YjR 1DP VLQK VӕQJ NKi
OkX 7ӯ FKӛ OjP SKX ÿӗQ ÿLӅQ ӣ +ӟQ 4XҧQ QKѭ /r ĈӭF $QK 7kP Eӓ
WUӕQ [XӕQJ 6DLJRQ OjP SKX NKXkQ YiF Yj ÿӫ FiF QJKӅ FKkQ WD\ ÿӇ VӕQJ
.KL 9LӋW 0LQK FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ GXQJ QҥS FiF WKjQK SKҫQ EҩW KҧR
7kP OLӅQ JLD QKұS ³4XӕF *LD 7ӵ 9Ӌ &XӝF´ WӭF F{QJ DQ 9ӕQ KұQ WK
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL PD\ P£Q JLjX Fy KѫQ QrQ 7kP VD\ PiX JLӃW QJѭӡL 7ӯ
FKӭF 7LӇX ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ 7ӵ 9Ӌ 7kP WLӃQ OrQ 7UXQJ ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ Yj ÿѭӧF ÿӅ
EҥW OjP &KtQK WUӏ YLrQ ĈҥL ÿӝL FӫD %ӱX 9LQK ĈҫX WUӝP ÿX{L FѭӟS
JһS QKDX Kӑ OjP YLӋF UҩW WѭѫQJ ÿҳF ĈҥL ÿӝL Qj\ ÿiQK 3KiS WKu tW Pj
FKұQ ÿiQK FiF Eӝ ÿӝL FӫD QJѭӡL TXӕF JLD WKu QKLӅX 7kP Fy YyF QJѭӡL
ӕP GRQJ GӓQJ FDR OѭQJ KѫL NKRP PҳW WL Kt QJѭӡL 1DP JӑL PҳW OѭѫQ
P{L FKu PһW PpW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 485

1JKӅ UuQK UұS WUX\ OQJ iP ViW WKӫ WLrX UҩW KӧS YӟL NKҧ QăQJ FӫD
Tâm.

1KѭQJ DL ÿm WӯQJ ӣ WURQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ WKӡL ÿy WҥL 0LӅQ 7k\ 1DP %ӝ
FKҳF ÿӅX ELӃW Yө 9LӋW 0LQK QJө\ WҥR Yө iQ ³+zD +ҧR ăQ WKӏW QJѭӡL´ ÿӇ
WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ OӯD EӏS 6DX Yө ÿjQ iS FXӝF ELӇX WuQK FӫD +zD +ҧR ÿүP
PiX WҥL &ҫQ 7Kѫ GkQ FK~QJ WtQ ÿӗ 0LӅQ 7k\ [D OiQK Kӑ 9LӋW 0LQK OҥL
WUuQK GLӉQ OX{Q PjQ OӯD EӏS PӟL 7Kӭ QKӭW ÿӇ OӧL GөQJ FiF W{Q JLiR
QăP WKHR FKӍ WKӏ FӫD /r 'XҭQ Wә FKӭF ³ĈҥL +ӝL /LrQ 7{Q 4XӕF
'RDQK´ ӣ [m 7kQ 'X\ӋW %ҥF /LrX 7{Q JLiR QjR FNJQJ Fy ÿҥL GLӋQ WUӯ
+zD +ҧR ÐQJ +RjQJ 4XӕF .Ǥ NӇ OҥL Yө OӯD EӏS NK{QJ WLӅQ NKRiQJ KұX
ҩ\ QKѭ VDX

³ 6DX ĈҥL +ӝL /LrQ 7{Q KҳQ 'XҭQ VDL QKӳQJ WrQ ÿҧQJ YLrQ &6
iF {Q WKkQ WtQ QKҩW FKӑF WLӃW Fҧ FKөF W QKkQ UӗL FKһW ÿҫX [ҿ WKӏW \ QKѭ
QJѭӡL WD UD WKӏW KHR Ej\ EiQ JLӳD EDQ QJj\ WUrQ Eӡ V{QJ 9ӏQK &KqR
WKXӝF WӍQK &ҫQ 7Kӧ *KH,[XӗQJ QjR ÿL QJDQJ TXD FNJQJ Eӏ FKһQ OҥL Gt
V~QJ GDR JăP YjR Fә EҳW SKҧL PXD WKӏW QJѭӡL ĈӃQ NK~F V{QJ
YҳQJ QJѭӡL WD YӝL YjQJ YӭW [XӕQJ V{QJ ÿӇ NKӓL yL PӱD 5ӗL FiF W\
WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ NKҳS 1DP %ӝ ÿHP WULӇQ OmP KjQJ WUăP WҩP, ҧQK Fӥ
FKөS WKӟW WKӏW WUrQ V{QJ 9ӏQK &KqR YӟL QKӳQJ FKLӃF ÿDX OkX QKӳQJ
FiQK WD\ FzQ QJX\rQ QJyQ NqP OӡL ³WKX\ӃW PLQK´ ³%ӑQ +zD +ҧR
PDQ Uӧ ӣ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ÿm JLӃW FiQ Eӝ Yj WKѭӡQJ GkQ NK{QJ FKӏX WKHR FK~QJ
UӗL [ҿ WKӏW Ej\ EiQ WUrQ V{QJ 9ӏQK &KqR EҳW GkQ FK~QJ PXD YӅ ăQ $L
NK{QJ FKӏX Eӓ WLӅQ UD PXD FK~QJ OLӅQ JLӃW QJD\ WҥL FKӛ UӗL [ҿ WKӏW
QJѭӡL ҩ\ Ej\ OrQ WKӟW ´

7X\ [ҧR TX\ӋW Yj JLDQ WUi QKѭ WKӃ QKѭQJ 9LӋW 0LQK NK{QJ OӯD EӏS
ÿѭӧF DL

1JѭӡL GkQ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿm YҥFK PһW QKyP JLӃW QJѭӡL Gm PDQ ҩ\
QӃX QyL +zD +ҧR WKu Fҧ TXұQ Qj\ QJѭӡL WD ÿӅX TXHQ ELӃW QKDX KӃW Yj Kӑ
ÿkX Fy WKҩ\ GkQ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿӭQJ EiQ WKӏW QJѭӡL 1KѭQJ ÿy Oj QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL Fy JLӑQJ QһQJ WUӏFK NKy QJKH 9ӟL FKLӃQ GӏFK WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ OӯD
EӏS Qj\ YӯD WXQJ UD Wӵ Qy ÿm [ҽS QJD\ Yu Qy Oӝ OLӉX TXi ´ ³0D ĈҫX
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK +RjQJ 4XӕF .Ǥ WUDQJ
7URQJ WKӡL NKiQJ FKLӃQ 9LHW 0LQK JLHW QJXDL Pә EXQJ WUyL WK~F ké
QpP [XӕQJ FKR Pz W{P 0ҩ\ K{P VDX WKk\ PD VuQK WK~L WU{L OӅX EӅX
9LӋW 0LQK OҥL ÿL UӍ WDL GkQ FK~QJ ´+zD +ҧR JLӃW QJѭӡL ÿҩ\ ´
5LrQJ KӋ SKiL &DR ĈjL 7k\ 1LQK FNJQJ Eӏ PXD FKXӝF Gө Gӛ QKѭQJ
không thànhF{QJ 7LӃS ÿy 9LӋW 0LQK JLӣ WUz YX NKӕQJ UӗL NKӫQJ
Eӕ iP ViW

486 LONG ĐIỀN

QKҵP YjR FiF {QJ 7UҫQ 4XDQJ 9LQK *LiR FKӫ 3KҥP &{QJ 7ҳF +ӗQJ
6ѫQ Ĉ{QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ҥQ 1Kҧ QKѭQJ WKҩW EҥL ÐQJ 'ѭѫQJ ĈuQK /{L
ÿm NӇ OҥL UҵQJ ³7URQJ QăP 9LӋW 0LQK ÿm ÿѭD Fҧ 7UXQJ
ÿRjQ YӅ ҭQ QiX WҥL YQJ /RQJ 6ѫQ Q~L 1ӭD &ҫQ *Lӡ Fy PөF ÿtFK
ÿiQK SKi ÿҥR &DR ĈjL 9QJ UӯQJ 6iF Fy Kӑ ÿҥR &DR ĈjL WҥL &ҫQ
*Lӡ 7UXQJ ÿRjQ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK YүQ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ ÿӝW QKұS JӑL Oj
³WҧR WKDQK´ JһS WtQ ÿӗQ &DR ĈjL Oj Fӭ EҳQ JLӃW QKj FӱD WKu ÿӕW VҥFK
0ӛL OҫQ QKѭ Yұ\ GkQ ÿҥR ĈDR ĈjL SKҧL FKҥ\ YjR ÿӗQ EyW 7k\ ÿӇ ÿѭӧF
7k\ FKH FKӣ ´

&NJQJ WKHR EӭF WKѭ FӫD QKj YăQ $Q .Kr WKu
³ Ӣ &ӫ &KL WKӡL ÿy Fy FiF 7UXQJ ÿRjQ FNJQJ WҧR WKDQK
&DR ĈjL ӣ YQJ &ә ӔQJ &ҫX ;H 6ӕF /jR UӗL Kӑ E£W WKHR Vӕ WtQ
KӳX ÿұS ÿҫX FK{Q [XӕQJ FiF JLӃQJ WURQJ QKӳQJ QKj FKӭD PNJ FDR VX
0ӕL KұQ Qj\ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ UӱD VҥFK WURQJ OzQJ GkQ ÿҥR &DR ĈjL´

ÐQJ YLӃW WLӃS

³9jR QăP 9LӋW 0LQK JӣL FiQ Eӝ .KX PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ OrQ KӑS
YӟL FiF OmQK Wө W{Q JLiR Yj ÿҧQJ SKiL TXӕF JLD WURQJ ÿy Fy JLiR FKӫ
+XǤQK 3K~ 6ә %XәL KӑS NpR GDu Wӯ ViQJ WӟL FKLӅX WKu 9LӋW 0LQK YL
SKҥP FDP NӃW EҩW WKҫQ [XD TXkQ WҩQ F{QJ 7zD WKiQK 6~QJ Qә Wӯ SKtD
QJRjL Ujӑ Jm ÿҥL GLӋQ TXkQ NKX 9LӋW 0LQK UXQ Uҭ\ QyL QKѭ PXӕQ
khóc:

&K~QJ W{L NK{QJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ QKѭ WKӃ &iF DQK [pW OҥL FKR

³ÐQJ 7UҫQ 4XDQJ 9LQK Yj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KjQK WUҩQ DQ Kӑ

&iF DQK ÿӯQJ Vӧ &iF DQK ÿӃQ ÿk\ FK~QJ W{L Fy EәQ SKұQ EҧR YӋ
VLQK PҥQJ FKR FiF DQK

³.KL ҩ\ 7zD WKiQK ÿѭӧF Eӕ SKzQJ Nӻ OѭӥQJ 7ҥL FiF QJm ÿѭӡQJ
GүQ YjR 7zD WKiQK ÿӅX Fy F{QJ Vӵ SKzQJ WKӫ 1JѭӡL FKӍ KX\ OӵF OѭӧQJ
SKzQJ WKӫ NKL ҩ\ Oj 7UӏQK 0LQK 7KӃ 9LӋW 0LQK WҩQ F{QJ YjR FӱD FKtQK
QKҵP O~F ÿәL SKLrQ JiF J FKLӅX /tQK JiF FKѭD NӏS SKҧQ ӭQJ Ju 7ӭF
WKu Eӝ SKұQ NKiF Q~S WURQJ Pp UӯQJ JҫQ ÿy [{QJ UD FRQ ÿѭӡQJ OӟQ
YӯD FKҥ\ YӯD EҳQ YjR 7zD WKiQK /ӧL GөQJ NKL ҩ\ FKXQJ TXDQK 7zD
WKiQK FzQ QKLӅX UӯQJ 9LӋW 0LQK ÿLӅX ÿӝQJ Vӕ TXkQ ÿӃQ JҫQ 1KѭQJ
Vӕ TXkQ ҩ\ ÿѭӧF OӵF OѭӧQJ SKzQJ WKӫ ErQ QJRjL FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 7KjQK
3KѭѫQJ FKұQ OҥL 7RiQ ÿһF F{QJ 9LӋW 0LQK Kҥ ViW WRjQ OtQK JiF ӗ ҥW
[XQJ SKRQJ TXD FәQJ FKtQK 0һF G Eӏ WKѭѫQJ QJѭӡL FKӍ KX\ U~W FKӕW
OӵX ÿҥQ TXăQJ YӅ SKtD 9LӋW 0LQK /ӵX ÿҥQ Qә WXQJ EiR ÿӝQJ FKR FiF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 487

YӑQJ JiF WLӃS YLӋQ Yj VҹQ VjQJ FKLӃQ ÿҩX 0ҩ\ WrQ WLӅQ SKRQJ FӫD 9LӋW
0LQK QJm JөF %ӑQ VDX FKұP OҥL

1Kӡ WKӃ OtQK &DR ĈjL SKҧQ F{QJ TX\ӃW OLӋW ÿҭ\ OXL ÿӏFK UD QJRjL Yj
ÿyQJ FәQJ VҳW OҥL 7UXQJ ÿӝL 9LӋW 0LQK EҳQ JLӃW Yj ÿӕW QKj GkQ FiFK
ÿy P ÐQJ 7UӏQK 0LQK 7KӃ YӯD WKәL NqQ WK~F TXkQ 1JKH WLӃQJ NqQ
9LӋW 0LQK WѭӣQJ Fy WLӃS YLӋQ YӝL YjQJ WKiR OXL U~W YjR UӯQJ

³6iQJ K{P VDX QKLӅX SKyQJ YLrQ EiR FKt Wӯ 6DLJRQ OrQ 7k\ 1LQK
ÿm FKӭQJ NLӃQ FҧQK WjQ ViW PDQ Uӧ KmL KQJ +ӑ QKuQ WұQ PҳW ÿӗQJ
EjR Y{ WӝL Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK Kҥ ViW ÿjQ {QJ ÿjQ Ej WUҿ FRQ ÿӅX Eӏ FKpP
ÿkP Yj EҳQ WURQJ QKӳQJ FKzL Oi FKi\ UөL &y Ej Pҽ {P FRQ QKӓ ÿm Eӏ
EҳQ FKӃW ´ 7Kѭ FӫD QKj YăQ $Q .Kr ÿӅ QJj\
0ӝW QKkQ YұW TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD &DR ĈjL %ӃQ 7UH Oj {QJ /r .LP 7ӷ ÐQJ
7ӷ WӯQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKӕQJ 3KiS Eӏ EҳW JLDP ӣ 7j /jL Pҩ\ QăP /r .LP
7ӷ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKXQJ YӟL FiF {QJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ *LiR EiF Vƭ +ӗ 9ƭQK .ê
Yj Yӧ Oj EiF Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 6ѭѫQJ OXұW Vѭ +XǤQK 9ăQ 3KѭѫQJ /kP
1JӑF ĈѭӡQJ 9jR WKiQJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Qj\ ÿӅX Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK
EҳW Yj Kҥ ViW KRһF WUҩQ QѭӟF WҥL V{QJ /zQJ 6{QJ 0ѭӡQJ 0iQ 3KDQ
7KLӃW


³7uQK ÿӗQJ FKt´

7{L WiF JLҧ +ӭD +RjQK Fy GӏS ÿjP GҥR YӟL Yӏ FDR QLrQ TXHQ
QKDX Wӯ KӗL ӣ ErQ WUҥL Wӷ QҥQ PӟL ÿk\ JһS OҥL WURQJ WLӋF FѭӟL ÐQJ
QKұQ [pW YӅ WKjQK SKҫQ GDR E~D WKDP JLD NKiQJ FKLӃQ QăP NӇ OҥL
QKӳQJ FKX\ӋQ WKұW [LQ JLҩX WrQ

1ăP NKL 9LӋW 0LQK FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ NrX JӑL WRjQ GkQ
NKiQJ FKLӃQ

&K~QJ W{L GkQ JLDQJ Kӗ VӕQJ QJRjL YzQJ SKiS OXұW Wӯ OkX QJKƭ UҵQJ
ÿk\ Oj GӏS ÿRiL F{QJ FKXӝF WӝL +ѫQ QӳD FK~QJ W{L Fy QJѭӡL FzQ FK~W
OѭѫQJ WUL PXӕQ QJRL OrQ iQK ViQJ OjP QJѭӡL OѭѫQJ WKLӋQ Yj OjP QJѭӡL
\rX QѭӟF WURQJ WKӡL ORҥQ Ĉy FNJQJ Oj WkP WUҥQJ FiF WѭӟQJ FѭӟS NKpW
WLӃQJ QKѭ %ҧ\ 9LӉQ 0ѭӡL 7Ut 7KRPDV 3KѭӟF WѭӟQJ FѭӟS KjR KRD QәL
WLӃQJ WKӡL ӣ 6DLJRQ ĈҫX WLrQ FK~QJ W{L [LQ JLD QKұS 7ӵ 9Ӌ FӫD /kP
ӫ\ +jQK FKiQK 1KyP Qj\ FKLD OjP SKH SKH OR EҧR YӋ DQ QLQK
Fi QKkQ WURQJ /kP ӫ\ FzQ QKyP NKiF QKұQ PұW OLQK WKL KjQK FiF
viJLӃW QJѭӡL ³9LӋW JLDQ´ ³SKҧQ ÿӝQJ´ 7{L WKXӝF QKyP WKӭ KDL 4XD
Pҩ\ WKiQJ QK~QJ WD\ YjR PiX FK~QJ W{L Fy QJѭӡL WӍQK QJӝ Yj ÿәL WKiL
ÿӝ 0ӝW K{P 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX KӑS FK~QJ W{L Yj QyL

&iFK PҥQJ QjR Pj NK{QJ ÿә PiX " &K~QJ WD Km\ WLrX GLӋW EӑQ
³SKҧQ ÿӝQJ´ ³9LӋW JLDQ´ YӟL EҩW Fӭ JLi QjR

488 LONG ĐIỀN

1KӳQJ OӡL NӃW WӝL ÿy FKӍ FKXQJ FKXQJ NK{QJ QyL U} WӝL WUҥQJ PӝW Dӏ
5ӗL Fӭ PӛL WӕL FK~QJ W{L OҥL QKұQ PұW OӏQK ÿL OQJ VөF EҳW Eӟ WKӫ WLrX
QKLӅX QKkQ YұW WrQ WXәL Pj /kP ӫ\ Fy VҹQ WrQ WURQJ ³Vә EuD ÿHQ´

0ӝW QJѭӡL WURQJ QKyP FK~QJ W{L WKҳF PҳF

7ҥL VDR ÿӝF OұS UӗL Pj FzQ JLӃW QKLӅX QJѭӡL WjL ÿӭF Fy X\ WtQ "

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WUҧ OӡL

&iFK PҥQJ OjP Ju Fy ÿӭF " $L OjP FiFK PҥQJ Pj NK{QJ JLӃW
QJѭӡL "

7ӯ WURQJ WLӅP WKӭF FK~QJ W{L KұQ WK GѭӧF NKѫL Gұ\ QKLӅX QJѭӡL
VD\ PiX PXӕQ WUҧ WK 7X\ QKLrQ FNJQJ Fy QJѭӡL FKQJ EѭӟF NK{QJ
Qӣ QK~QJ WD\ QKѭQJ FNJQJ NK{QJ GiP FҧL OӏQK &K~QJ W{L OjR YjR F{QJ
YLӋF FKpP JLӃW Yj ÿѭӧF NKX\ӃQ NKtFK QKѭ ³QKLӋP Yө FiFK PҥQJ´

0ҩ\ WKiQJ VDX FK~QJ W{L WӍQK QJӝ .ҿ FzQ FK~W OѭѫQJ WUL QKѭ EӑQ
W{L Wӵ ÿӝQJ Um QJNJ YӅ WKjQK ÿӇ EҧR YӋ PҥQJ VӕQJ FiFK QKөF QKҧ &y
QJѭӡL ³ÿkP ODR WKu SKҧL WKHR ODR´ /ҥL Fy QJѭӡL WLӃS WөF ³ÿiQK ÿX YӟL
WLQK ÿD JLӣQ YӟL UҳQ ÿӝF´ FKӍ WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ QJ£Q Kӑ ³VDQK QJKӅ Wӱ
QJKLӋS´ Ĉy Oj WUѭӡQJ KӧS FӫD %D 1Kӓ +RjQJ 7Kӑ *LDQJ 0LQK /ê Yj
QJD\ Fҧ 7UXQJ WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %uQK &zQ OҥL QKӳQJ Nҿ P TXiQJ WLӃS
WөF YD\ PiX ÿӗQJ EjR FXӕL FQJ FNJQJ Eӏ ³K\ VLQK´ +ӑ FKӃW NK{QJ SKҧL
Yu OҵQ WrQ PNJL ÿҥQ FӫD Nҿ WK Pj FKӃW Yu GDR JăP Pm WҩX FӫD ³ÿӗQJ
FKt´ Kӑ QKѭ 7ѭӣQJ ĈjQ %ҧR 9NJ ĈӭF 6ѭ 0X{Q ´

-http://www.thienlybuutoa.org/Misc/VC_thamsatcactongiao.htm

/ӡL Wӕ FiR 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FӫD FiF W{Q JLiR +Rj +ҧR &DR ĈjL &{QJ
Giáo 9LӋW 0LQK WKDQK WRiQ FiF W{Q JLiR 7KLrQ &K~D &DR çjL +zD +ҧR
Yu QJKӏFK FKӫ WUѭѫQJ

³7ҥL 1DP %ӝ QJj\ 1KұW WUDR FKӫ TX\ӅQ 1DP %ӝ FKR
0һW 7UұQ çRjQ .ӃW 4XӕF *LD çk\ Oj /LrQ 0LQK FiF çҧQJ SKiL çRjQ
WKӇ TXӕF JLD ӣ 1DP %ӝ QKѭ

9LӋW QDP çӝF /ұS ÿҧQJ FӫD +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj

9LӋW QDP 3KөF 4XӕF +ӝL FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ ÆQ
- Giáo phái Cao Ðài

*LiR 3KiL +zD +ҧR

1KyP çӋ 7ӭ 7URWVNLVW FӫD 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX
1KyP 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ GR 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Yj 3KҥP 1JӑF
7KҥFK >Oj WLӅQ WKkQ FӫD çӋ ,,, 4XӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ WUi KuQK@ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ
9LӋW 0LQK ÿm NK{Q NKpR OHQ OӓL YjR 0һW 7UұQ çRjQ .ӃW 4XӕF *LD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 489

Qj\ Yj Wә FKӭF ÿѭӧF QKLӅX FXӝF ELӇX WuQK WKұW OӟQ WҥL 6DLJRQ QJj\
GR WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW QDP ÿӭQJ OrQ FKӕQJ 1KұW 6DX ÿy 0һW 7UұQ
çRjQ .ӃW 4XӕF *LD WKjQK OұS Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK 3KiS /kP 7KӡL 1DP %ӝ
9LӋW 0LQK FKLӃP ÿѭӧF JKӃ WURQJ Vӕ Ӫ\ YLrQ FӫD Ӫ\ %DQ Ӫ\ %DQ
Qj\ Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK ONJQJ ÿRҥQ QKѭQJ Eӏ FiF WKjQK YLrQ *LiR SKiL &DR çjL
>7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 4XDQJ 9LQK@ +zD +ҧR >çӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3Kӫ 6ә@ Yj 91
3KөF 4XӕF +ӝL >&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ ÆQ@ ÿӭQJ OrQ FKӕQJ ÿӕL Yu ELӃW 7KDQK
1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK Oj &ӝQJ VҧQ çӋ ,,, 4XӕF WӃ WUi KuQK
7URQJ PӝW kP PѭX FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Yj 3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҥFK JjL EҳW
WKjQK YLrQ 7UҫQ 4XDQJ 9LQK *LiR SKiL &DR çjL Yj çӭF +XǤQK 3K~
6ә *LiR FKӫ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKjQK F{QJ 9LӋW 0LQK
WX\ EӅ PһW YүQ KӧS WiF WURQJ 0һW 7UұQ çRjQ .ӃW 4XӕF *LD QKѭQJ ErQ
WURQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OӋQK FKR QKӳQJ WRiQ GX NtFK WRiQ 9LӋW KQJ >WLӅQ
WUҧP KұX WҩX JLӃW QJѭӡL WUѭӟF EiR FiR VDX @ WKDQK WRiQ WjQ EҥR FiF WtQ
ÿӗ *LiR SKiL &DR çjL Yj +zD +ҧR NKҳS FiF WӍQK 0LӅQ ç{QJ Yj 0LӅQ
7k\ 1DP %ӝ NӇ Fҧ 7UXQJ %ӝ 9LӋW QDP

1Jj\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UD OӋQK FKR 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %uQK
SKҧL JLҧL WiQ 0һW 7UұQ çRjQ .ӃW 4XӕF *LD 1DP %ӝ 0һW 7UұQ Qj\
SKҧL ÿәL WrQ WKjQK +ӝL /LrQ +LӋS 4XӕF 'kQ WӭF /LrQ 9LӋW GR +ӗ &Kt
0LQK FҫP ÿҫX Yj NKӕQJ FKӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ çӋ ,,, 47 FRL FiF W{Q JLiR QyL
FKXQJ Oj PӝW ORҥL WKXӕF SKLӋQ FҫQ WULӋW Kҥ &ӝQJ VҧQ çӋ ,,, FKӍ FҫQ PӝW
WKӭ W{Q JLiR GX\ QKҩW Oj &ӝQJ VҧQ &Kӫ QJKƭD &6&1 Pj FiF WtQ ÿӗ Oj
QKӳQJ WrQ ÿӗ WӇ WUXQJ NLrQ iF {Q FѭӟS FӫD JLӃW QJѭӡL NK{QJ JӟP WD\
WjQ EҥR Y{ WLӅQ NKRiQJ KұX &Kӫ PѭX FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj WKDQK WRiQ
VҥFK FiF W{Q JLiR QKѭ 7KLrQ &K~D &DR çjL +zD +ҧR Wӯ
1947 và 1948.

7KiQJ GX NtFK 9LӋW 0LQK ÿm WұS KӧS [m +LӋS +zD $Q
1LQK Yj /ӝF *LDQJ TXұQ çӭF +zD WӍQK &KӧOӟQ ÿHP Pә EөQJ PRL WLP
$QK 6iX &ӝ JӕF Oj /tQK 7ұS KӗL KѭX 9LӋW 0LQK FKR DQK Oj OjP 9LӋW
JLDQ FKR 7k\ ÿӇ OjP JѭѫQJ ÿH GӑD Yj WUҩQ iS QJѭӡL GkQ

7KiQJ GX NtFK 9LӋW 0LQK ÿm EҳW $QK 1ăP +ӹ ÐQJ 7iP
%{Q 7UP +ӑ çҥR 7KLrQ &K~D TXDQK QKj WKӡ ӣ ҨS &KiQK [m +LӋS
+zD TXұQ çӭF +zD ÿHP FҳW Fә JKLP EҧQ iQ Oj 9LӋW JLDQ FKR 7k\ WUrQ
QJӵF

7KiQJ 9LӋW 0LQK WKDQK WRiQ WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL [m +LӋS
+zD 7kQ 3K~ Yj 7kQ 0ӻ WKXӝF TXұQ çӭF +zD EҵQJ Pm WҩX FҳW Fә FKһW
ÿҫX FK{Q WURQJ FQJ PӝW KҫP WұS WKӇ WҥL ҨS *z 6DR [m +LӋS +zD QKѭ
ÿm NӇ ӣ 3KҫQ ,, %D çӡL &Kҥ\ *LһF çһF 6DQ +ұX 1JKƭD &KtQK
WKӡL JLDQ Qj\ Oj Fҧ JLD ÿuQK QJѭӡL YLӃW EjL Qj\ SKҧL Eӓ UXӝQJ YѭӡQ QKj
FӱD Pӗ Pҧ &KD ÐQJ FKҥ\ YҳW JLz OrQ Fә UD &ăQ Fӭ &Kӧ +LӋS +zD ÿӇ

490 LONG ĐIỀN

Wӷ QҥQ FӝQJ VҧQ

7KiQJ 9LӋW 0LQK OҥL WjQ ViW WKrP KѫQ WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL
WҥL QJm ED 5ҥFK *ҫQ [m $Q 1LQK TXұQ çӭF +zD &KRORQ QKѭ OӡL WѭӡQJ
WKXұW VDX ÿk\ FӫD WiF JLҧ Dân An Ninh qua bài “ 0͡W &KX\͇Q çL 9͉ “
WURQJ çһF 6DQ +ұX 1JKƭD QăP *LiS 7KkQ ÐQJ 'kQ $Q 1LQK
YLӃW ³ 1K̷F O̩L FiL ÿrP FKD W{L Y͉ QKj U͛L QJ̫ E͏QK Q̹P OL͏W JL˱ͥQJ
çy FNJQJ Oj FiL ÿrP QKͷQJ JLD ÿuQK WKHR ç̩R &DR çjL TX̹Q TX̩L ÿDX
ÿͣQ NLQK KRjQJ NKL͇S ÿ̫P FRQ NKyF FKD Yͫ NKyF FK͛QJ GR WKX͡F K̩
FͯD WrQ &z 7UL͏X YjR QKj NrX F͵D G̳Q ÿL Yj PmL PmL NK{QJ Y͉ &z
7UL͏X Oj WU˱ͧQJ F{QJ DQ TX̵Q çͱF +zD OrQ K͕S W̩L 8% .KiQJ &KL͇Q
+jQK &KiQK [m $Q 1LQK TX̵Q çͱF +zD ÿ͋ Pͧ FX͡F KjQK TXkQ WLrX
GL͏W FiF WtQ ÿ͛ &DR çjL FK~QJ J͕L Oj SK̫Q ÿ͡QJ Yj Oj WD\ VDL WK͹F GkQ
3KiS %͕Q FK~QJ JKL WrQ W̭W F̫ QKͷQJ QDP WtQ KͷX ç̩R &DR çjL ÿ͇Q
ÿrP YjR QKj NrX F͵D WͳQJ QJ˱ͥL G̳Q ÿL JL͇W K͇W 6iQJ K{P VDX ÿ͛QJ
EjR ÿL FKͫ WK̭\ QăP ViX P˱˯L WKk\ FiF WtQ ÿ͛ &DR çjL Q̹P FK͇W U̫L
UiF G͕F WKHR FiF FRQ O͡ WURQJ OjQJ WURQJ [yP ̭S 1˯L QjR FNJQJ Fy
WKk\ QJ˱ͥL PiX PH Y˱˯QJ YmL N̓ E͓ ÿkP QJ˱ͥL E͓ FK̿W ÿ̯X N̓ E͓ F̷W
F͝ WU̫L FQJ NK̷S FiF O͙L ÿL F̫ QJRjL ÿ͛QJ UX͡QJ FNJQJ Fy WKk\ QJ˱ͥL
&iF JL͇QJ F̩Q [iF QJ˱ͥL FK͛QJ V̷S OͣS 7K̵W Oj Gm PDQ DL WK̭\ FNJQJ
NLQK K͛Q P̭W YtD ´ &y WKӇ JӑL ÿk\ Oj KӑD GLӋW FKӫQJ NK{QJ JӟP WD\
FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK FӝQJ VҧQ

çӗQJ ORҥW WURQJ QăP ӣ FiF OjQJ 7kQ 3K~ çӭF /ұS +zD
.KiQK çӭF +zD 0ӻ +ҥQK /ѭѫQJ +zD 0ӻ 7KҥQK ç{QJ 0ӻ 7KҥQK
7k\ 0ӻ 4Xê *LӗQJ 7U{P *LӗQJ çӃ +ӝL çӗQJ 6ҫP 7KR 0R 4XpR
%D &yF 5LQK Y Y TXұQ çӭF +zD &KRORQ Vӕ OѭӧQJ WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL EL
9LӋW 0LQK WKDQK WRiQ NK{QJ ELӃW EDR QKLrX Pj NӇ Yu Fy QJѭӡL NK{QJ
FKҥ\ WKRiW Fy QJѭӡL WKRiW UD &ăQ Fӭ &Kӧ +LӋS +zD

7KHR Vӕ WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL Wӯ PLӋW EѭQJ ErQ NLD V{QJ 9jP &ӓ ç{QJ
FKҥ\ WKRiW UD ÿӃQ &ăQ &ӭ +LӋS +zD FKR ELӃW WKu WrQ 7k\ /DL >QJѭӡL 9LӋW
ODL 7k\@ ӣ FiF [m 0ӻ 7KҥQK ç{QJ 0ӻ 7KҥQK 7k\ 0ӻ 4Xt Oj PӝW ³9LӋW
KQJ´ >GDQK KLӋX ÿһW FKR QJѭӡL WKL KjQK OӋQK 9LӋW 0LQK JLӃW QJѭӡL
NK{QJ JӟP WD\ @ ÿm JLӃW WUrQ QJѭӡL JӗP WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL +zD +ҧR
KRһF QKӳQJ QJѭӡL JLjX Fy WURQJ YQJ 7ҩW Fҧ ÿӅX Eӏ WrQ 7k\ /DL Pә

EөQJ KRһF FKһW ÿҫX ӣ ErQ NLD 6{QJ 9jP &ӓ ç{QJ 9Ӆ VDX /tQK

&DR çjL WҥL &ăQ Fӭ &Kӧ +LӋS +Rj SKөF NtFK PӛL ÿrP Yj VDX FQJ Kҥ

ViW WrQ ÿDR WKӫ SKӫ 7k\ /DL Qj\ WҥL VjR KX\ӋW FӫD KҳQ ӣ [m 0ӻ 4Xê

ç~QJ Oj iF JLҧ iF ODL

1KLӅX 7tQ ÿӗ &DR çjL WKXӝF FiF ҩS *LӗQJ 7U{P *LӗQJ çӃ 7KR
0R 4XpR %D +ӝL çӗQJ 6ҫP Eӓ FKҥ\ WUӕQ Wӭ WiQ .ҿ UD ÿѭӧF &ăQ &ӭ
&DR çjL WҥL &Kӧ +LӋS +zD QJѭӡL FKҥ\ VDQJ 0LrQ UӗL WuP ÿѭӡQJ ÿӃQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 491

&ăQ &ӭ &DR çjL ӣ 7Uj &DR WҥL YQJ ÿҩW 0ӓ 9ҽW ELrQ JLӟL 9LӋW 0LrQ
QJDQJ YӟL TXұQ *z 'ҫX +ҥ

'ӑF WKHR ÿҩW 0LrQ ErQ YHQ SKtD 7k\ V{QJ 9jP &ӓ ç{QJ Wӯ *z
'ҫX 7KѭӧQJ FKҥ\ OrQ KѭӟQJ %ҳF WӍQK 7k\ 1LQK QJRjL FăQ Fӭ &DR çjL
ӣ 7Uj &DR FzQ Fy &ăQ &ӭ &DR çjL %ӃQ &ҫX QJDQJ YӟL [m &ҭP *LDQJ
&ăQ Fӭ &DR çjL %ӃQ .pR SKtD ç{QJ V{QJ 9jP &ӓ ç{QJ QJDQJ YӟL [m
Long Thành.

7UrQ WUөF JLDR WK{QJ 4XӕF /ӝ Fy UҩW QKLӅX &ăQ &ӭ &DR çjL ÿyQJ
GӑF WKHR 4XӕF /ӝ Wӯ 6DLJRQ FKҥ\ OrQ 7k\ 1LQK QKѭ &ăQ Fӭ 6XӕL &өW
&ăQ Fӭ 6XӕL 6kX FiF FăQ Fӭ Qj\ QJDQJ YӟL FiF [m %QJ %LQK +ӕ %z
$Q 1KѫQ 7k\ 7UXQJ /ұS Fy UҩW QKLӅX 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK
JLӃW &ăQ &ӭ 7UҧQJ EjQJ &ăQ Fӭ *LD %uQK &ăQ Fӭ *z 'ҫX &ăQ Fӭ
9rQK 9rQK >Fy 6ӣ &DR VX 9rQK 9rQK@ &ăQ Fӭ &ҭP *LDQJ Fy %ӝ 7ѭ
/ӋQK Yj 7әQJ +jQK 'LQK 4XkQ çӝL &DR çjL ÿyQJ FKӍ KX\ FiF FXӝF
KjQK TXkQ WҧR WKDQK 9LӋW 0LQK WURQJ WRjQ WӍQK 7k\ 1LQK &ăQ Fӭ %ӃQ
.pR 0ӛL FăQ Fӭ &DR çjL NӇ WUrQ TX\ Wө KѫQ Wӯ ÿӃQ Fҧ WtQ ÿӗ
&DR çjL FKҥ\ WKRiW NKӓL Vӵ FKpP JLӃW WKӫ WLrX FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK FӝQJ VҧQ
&y FKӯQJ KD\ 7UXQJ ÿӝL TXkQ ÿӝL &DR çjL JLӳ DQ QLQK FăQ Fӭ EҧR
YӋ WtQ ÿӗ &DR çjL FKӕQJ OҥL FiF FXӝF WҩQ F{QJ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ FӫD 9LӋW
0LQK Wӯ QăP çrP QjR FNJQJ Fy FiF GX NtFK Yj OӵF OѭӧQJ
Y} WUDQJ 9LӋW 0LQK WҩQ F{QJ PӝW YjL FăQ Fӭ QKҩW Oj &ăQ &ӭ 7Uj &DR
&ăQ Fӭ %ӃQ &ҫX JҫQ ÿҩW &DR 0LrQ WKLӋW KҥL UҩW QKLӅX &iF 7tQ ÿӗ &DR
çjL WURQJ PӛL FăQ Fӭ NӇ WUrQ SKҧL Eӓ Pӗ PD Eӓ QKj FӱD UXӝQJ YѭӡQ
FKҥ\ JLһF 9LӋW 0LQK ÿӃQ FăQ Fӭ VӕQJ Fѫ FӵF ÿyL NKә UiFK UѭӟL WURQJ
PӝW YzQJ ÿDL UjR NtQ ÿӝ KD\ NL O{ PpW YX{QJ Yu NK{QJ SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ
VLQK QKDL WURQJ O~F FKD Pҽ DQK FKӏ HP Kӑ KjQJ UXӝW WKӏW FӫD Kӑ ÿm Eӏ
9LӋW 0LQK WKDQK WRiQ Y{ Vӕ NӇ >NK{QJ WKӇ WKӕQJ Nr KӃW ÿѭӧF@ ӣ FiF OjQJ
TXDQK YQJ KD\ TXDQK FăQ Fӭ

7ҥL QJm Wѭ TXұQ Oӷ 7UҧQJ %jQJ >KѭӟQJ Wӯ 6DLJRQ OrQ 4XұQ 7UҧQJ
%jQJ@ UӁ SKҧL YjR QJm ED +DL &KkX Fy ÿѭӡQJ WUҧL ÿi PӝW QJҧ UӁ ÿL YjR
[m %QJ %LQK %ӃQ 6~F WKXӝF FKLӃQ .KX 'ѭѫQJ 0LQK &KkX Yj PӝW
QJҧ ÿѭӡQJ ÿL OrQ [m 7UѭӡQJ 7KjQK 6{QJ çXD 6ӣ FDR VX &ҫX .KӣL
YjR çӗQ ÿLӅQ 'ҫX 7LӃQJ çk\ Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ Wӯ 7UҧQJ %jQJ ÿL OrQ
KѭӟQJ WӍQK Oӷ 7k\ 1LQK ÿL 6ӭ FӫD YXD &DR 0LrQ WKӡL [ѭD FKҥ\ VRQJ
VRQJ YӟL 4XӕF /ӝ OrQ WӍQK Oӷ 7k\ 1LQK FNJQJ Fy QKӳQJ FăQ Fӭ &DR
çjL QKѭ &ăQ Fӭ 7UjQJ %jQJ WҥL QJm ED +DL &KkX &ăQ Fӭ [m %jX çӗQ
VDX ÿәL WKjQK 4XұQ .KLrP +DQK &ăQ Fӭ [m 7UX{QJ 0tW &ăQ Fӭ
6XӕL çi Yj FXӕL FQJ Oj YQJ 7KiQK çӏD 7zD 7KiQK 7k\ 1LQK
1KӳQJ FăQ Fӭ Qj\ WKjQK OұS ÿӇ EҧR YӋ FiF 7tQ ÿӗ &DR çjL FӫD FiF OjQJ
[m YQJ UӯQJ %QJ %LQK %ӡL /ӡL %ӃQ 6~F %jX çӗQ

492 LONG ĐIỀN

7UX{QJ 0tW &ҫX .KӣL WUrQ Eӡ 7k\ V{QJ 6DLJRQ QJDQJ YӟL &KiQK /ѭX
WKXӝF WӍQK 7Kӫ 'ҫX 0ӝW VDX JӑL %uQK 'ѭѫQJ

7tQ ÿӗ &DR çjL ӣ TXDQK YQJ FӫD [m &KiQK /ѭX WӍQK 7Kӫ 'ҫX
0ӝW Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK JLӃW KҥL Y{ Vӕ NӇ Pj FKtQK ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ PӝW FiQ
Eӝ FDR FҩS 9& KӗL NӃW VDX ÿm WKXұW OҥL PӝW FXӝF WKҧP ViW
WUrQ 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL SKѫL [iF GӑF WKHR ÿѭӡQJ VҳW &KiQK /ѭX OrQ
çӗQJ ;RjL /ӝF 1LQK

1yL ÿӃQ FiF FXӝF WKҧP ViW 7tQ ÿӗ &DR çjL 1DP %ӝ QJRjL FiF WӍQK
&Kӧ OӟQ /RQJ $Q 7k\ 1LQK 7Kӫ 'ҫX 0ӝW %LrQ +zD %j 5ӏD 9NJQJ
7jX >0LӅQ ç{QJ@ FK~QJ WD SKҧL NӇ ÿӃQ FiF WӍQK YQJ 7LӅQ *LDQJ +ұX
*LDQJ 0LӅQ 7k\ 1DP %ӝ QӳD çy Oj FiF WӍQK *z &{QJ 0ӻ 7KR %ӃQ
7UH >FKL SKiL &DR çjL ÐQJ 7ѭѫQJ@ 9ƭQK /RQJ 6DGHF 7Uj 9LQK /RQJ
;X\rQ &KkX çӕF 5ҥFK *Li 6yF 7UăQJ %ҥF /LrX &j 0DX /ê GR QjR
FK~QJ WD EҧR QKӳQJ WӍQK Qj\ FiF 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL FNJQJ Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK
WKDQK WRiQ Y{ Vӕ NӇ" 9u FKtQK 7KiQK çӏD &DR çjL 7zD 7KiQK 7k\ 1LQK
WUrQ PӝW GLӋQ WtFK NKRҧQJ NP Oj QѫL OiQK QҥQ 9LӋW 0LQK FӫD QRQ
WULӋX 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL Wӯ FiF WӍQK 0LӅQ 7k\ Yj 0LӅQ ç{QJ 1DP %ӝ
WuP ÿӃQ FKѭD NӇ FiF WӍQK 0LӅQ 7UXQJ FNJQJ Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK ViW KҥL Eӓ FӫD
FKҥ\ Oҩ\ QJѭӡL YjR OiQK QҥQ WҥL 7zD 7KiQK 7k\ 1LQK Wӯ QăP 5ҩW
WLӃF Yj NK{QJ ELӃW FiF Fѫ TXDQ +jQK &KiQK çҥR &DR çjL 7zD 7KiQK
7k\ 1LQK Yj ӣ FiF [m TXұQ KD\ WӍQK WKjQK 0LӅQ ç{QJ 0LӅQ 7k\ 1DP
%ӝ Yj 7UXQJ %ӝ 91 O~F ҩ\ > @ Fy Pӣ FiF
FXӝF ÿLӅX WUD Yj WKӕQJ Nr Vӕ 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL Eӏ JLӃW RDQ GѭӟL EjQ WD\
VҳW PiX FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj EӑQ 9LӋW 0LQK F{QJ VҧQ KD\ NK{QJ" +LӋQ
QD\ FK~QJ W{L FKѭD ELӃW U} Fy Yӏ FKӭF VҳF QjR ÿLӅX WUD JKL FKpS WKӕQJ Nr
WKX WKұS FKӭQJ WtFK QKӳQJ WtQ ÿӗ WKXӝF FiF WӍQK 0LӅQ ç{QJ 0LӅQ 7k\
1DP %ӝ Yj 7UXQJ %ӝ 9LӋW QDP ÿm Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK ViW KҥL Oj EDR QKLrX"
1ӃX FiF EDQ 7Uӏ 6ӵ ;m 7ӝF çҥR ӣ FiF TXұQ &KkX çҥR ӣ FiF WӍQK WUrQ
ÿӅX ÿLӅX WUD WKӕQJ Nr VѭX WұS FKӭQJ WtFK ÿҫ\ ÿӫ FK~QJ WD FKҳF FKҳQ Fy
Fѫ KӝL Wӕ FiR WӝL iF &691 WUѭӟF Gѭ OXұQ Yj FiF WzD iQ TXӕF WӃ FKLӃX
WKHR 1JKӏ 4X\ӃW FӫD 4XӕF +ӝL /LrQ +LӋS ÆX &KkX ELӇX TX\ӃW
tháng 6/2006..!

1JD\ WӍQK 4XҧQJ 1JmL 0LӅQ 7UXQJ 9LӋW 0LQK FNJQJ ÿm JLӃW KҥL
JҫQ 7tQ ÿӗ &DR çjL KӗL WKiQJ Pj QJѭӡL FKӭQJ NLӃQ FNJQJ
Oj QҥQ QKkQ WURQJ FXӝF WKҧP ViW ÿy FKtQK Oj *LiR +ӳX 1JӑF 6iFK 7KDQK
>WӭF &ө /r 4XDQJ 6iFK@ KLӋQ FzQ VӕQJ Yj Fѭ QJө WҥL 6DQ %HUQDGLQR Fy
ÿӫ WjL OLӋX FKӭQJ PLQK 7URQJ %ҥFK 7Kѭ JӱL ÐQJ 7әQJ 7Kѭ .ê /+4
.RIL $QQDQ QJj\ *LiR +ӳX YLӃW ³ 7URQJ VX͙W WX̯Q O͍ N͋ Wͳ
QJj\ FK͑ ULrQJ WURQJ SK̩P YL W͑QK 4X̫QJ 1JmL ÿm Fy
&K˱F V̷F &KͱF YL͏F Yj 7tQ +ͷX ç̩R &DR çjL 7UXQJ %͡ ÿm E͓ QKͷQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 493

QJ˱ͥL &͡QJ V̫Q 9L͏W 1DP ViW K̩L E̹QJ ÿͯ FiFK QK˱ FKpP ÿ̯X FK{Q
V͙QJ WK̫ EL͋Q WURQJ ÿy Fy F̫ KuQK WKͱF ³WQJ [̓R´ QK˱ WKͥL 7UXQJ F͝
7̩L 4X̫QJ 1JmL FiF Y͓ &KͱF V̷F &DR F̭S &DR çjL QK˱ çͱF /L͍X 7kP
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Qj\ OұS ÿjQ WUDL FҫX VLrX Yj F~QJ JLӛ QKӳQJ QҥQ QKkQ GR WӝL iF &ӝQJ
VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Jk\ QrQ %ҩW KҥQK WKD\ VDX &691 WҩQ FKLӃP
91&+ [H WăQJ FӫD 9LӋW FӝQJ ÿm ӫL VұS PҩW çjL 7ѭӣQJ 1LӋP
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PyQJ çjL 7ѭӣQJ 1LӋP YүQ FzQ WX\ NK{QJ Fy FiFK QjR +ӝL 7KiQK
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CSVN.

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7UrQ ÿk\ FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ JKL QKұQ Pj QJѭӡL YLӃW QKӟ ÿѭӧF KRһF TXD
ViFK Yӣ EiR FKt KRһF WjL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR UҩW SKLӃQ GLӋQ Yj FKѭD KRjQ
WRjQ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ 1JѭӡL YLӃW WUkQ WUӑQJ JӱL %ҧQ /rQ 7LӃQJ YӅ 3KRQJ 7UjR
9LӋW 0LQK Yj EӑQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ çӋ ,,, 4X{F 7Ӄ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WKDQK WRiQ
FiF *LiR 3KiL &DR çjL +zD +ҧR ÿӃQ /LӋW 4Xê 9ӏ NtQK PRQJ 4Xê 9ӏ
VӁ Eә VXQJ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX 4Xê Yӏ QJKH WKҩ\ KD\ ELӃW ÿѭӧF FiF FҧQK WjQ ViW
KD\ WKҧP ViW FiF 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL ӣ PӛL ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ 4~\ 9ӏ WӯQJ VLQK
VӕQJ Yj WUҧL TXD WUӑQJ WKӡL NǤ FKLӃQ WUDQK KD\ VDX Qj\ QӳD

6ӣ Gƭ FK~QJ W{L WUuQK OrQ 4~\ 9ӏ EҧQ Nr 7ӝL ÈF 9LӋW 0LQK &6 çӋ
,,, 4XӕF 7Ӄ GѭӟL Vӵ OmQK ÿҥR FӫD WrQ WD\ VDL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
ÿӇ FK~QJ WD Fy GӏS KӗL WѭӣQJ OҥL 7ӝL ÈF Wj\ WUӡL FӫD QKӳQJ FRQ QJѭӡL
FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP SKҧQ GkQ KҥL QѭӟF Pj FK~QJ WD 1JѭӡL 9LӋW 4XӕF

494 LONG ĐIỀN

*LD 7ӷ QҥQ &6 SKҧL Fy QKLӋP Yө YҥFK WUҫQ WӝL iF FӫD 9LӋW FӝQJ UD Yj
WKX WKұS WjL OLӋX VҹQ VjQJ ÿӇ VӁ NLӋQ EӑQ FK~QJ UD 7zD ÈQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ WURQJ
WѭѫQJ ODL JҫQ TXD 1JKӏ 4X\ӃW FӫD 4+ /+ ÆX FKkX WKiQJ
YӯD TXD

0ӑL WjL OLӋX WKҧP ViW 7tQ çӗ &DR çjL [LQ YXL OzQJ JӱL YӅ

8% 7UDQK çҩX &KR 7ӵ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP
P.O. Box 8975

Newport Beach, CA 92658- 0975
hay e-mail [email protected] . “

75Ҫ1 9Ă1 *,¬8 7Ç1 ĈӘ 7ӆ &+Ѭ$ Ĉӄ1 7Ӝ, È&

http://tudodanchu.wordpress.com/2008/09/07/dote/

75ѬѪ1* 0,1+ +Ñ$

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%D ĈuQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP Wӯ ÿy KjQJ QăP ÿҧQJ VLrX FѭӟS
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Nӹ QLӋP ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ Oj FkX KXrQK KRDQJ ÿҫ\ JLDQ
WUi ´ NK{QJ Fy Ju TXt KѫQ ÿӝF OұS Wӵ GR´ ÿѭӧF OұS OҥL Yj QJѭӡL GkQ KLӇX
UҵQJ NӇ Wӯ QJj\ ҩ\ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ FzQ ÿӝF OұS QJѭӡL WKu PҩW
Wӵ GR ÿҧQJ WKu´ ÿұS OӝW´ FzQ GkQ WKu´ Wӵ OR´ TXѫ TXjR EҵQJ PӑL FiFK
ÿӇ VӕQJ 1Kѭ Yұ\ FiL JӑL Oj QJj\ TXӕF NKiQK WKiQJ U} UjQJ Oj ÿҧQJ
FѭӟS &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WKjQK WKұW NKDL EiR´ FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ´
FKӟ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj´ JLjQK OҥL FKtQK TX\ӅQ´ ÿLӅX Qҫ\ FNJQJ QyL OrQ WKӵF
OӵF FӫD ÿҧQJ FѭӟS &ӝQJ 6ҧQ YӟL WKLӇX Vӕ QKѭQJ QKӡ WKӫ ÿRҥQ WjQ iF
Pj FѭӟS ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ

.ҿ FѭӟS KmQK GLӋQ YӅ WKjQK TXҧ ăQ FѭӟS QrQ QKӳQJ WKҵQJ OkX OD´
ăQ FѭӟS JLj´ FNJQJ WKѭӡQJ KD\ Wӵ KjR FiL QJj\ FzQ´ FӥL OѭQJ KHR QiL
EҳQ QҥQ GjQ WKXQJ´ SKөF Yө GѭӟL WUѭӟQJ WrQ WѭӟQJ FѭӟS OmQK ÿҥR +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK Fӭ YjR PӛL ÿӝ WKiQJ YӅ ÿy Oj WUѭӡQJ KӧS FӫD WrQ iF
{Q 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj FRQ FKy JLj P PҳW UөQJ UăQJ WDL ÿLӃF FKkQ ÿL
NK{QJ YӳQJ ÿm WӯQJ Eӏ WrQ FKӫ FӫD Qy Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿj\ ÿӑD [XêW
YRQJ PҥQJ WKӃ Pj QJj\ QD\ YүQ Yү\ ÿX{L QKӟ WrQ FKӫ NKӕQ QҥQ ҩ\ YӟL
QLӅP Wӵ KjR VDX PӝW ÿӡL´ OjP FKy VăQ´ FKR WrQ FKӫ WKtFK GQJ FKy ÿӇ
VăQ JLӳ QKj Yj FNJQJ WKtFK ăQ WKӏW FKy /RjL FKy WUXQJ WKjQK QKѭQJ Qy
WUXQJ WKjQK PӝW FiFK P TXiQJ NK{QJ SKkQ ELӋW FKiQK Wj WӕW [ҩX FKy
WUXQJ WKjQK JLӳ QKj GLQK WKӵ FKR QKӳQJ WrQ EҩW OѭѫQJ FKy ÿѭӧF FKӫ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 495

EDQ Eӕ FѫP WKӯD Fi FһQ QJD\ Fҧ O~F Qy´ ÿӟS FӭW FKӫ´ Pj YүQ FҧP WKҩ\
QJRQ NӇ Fҧ NKL FKӫ VҳS JLӃW Pj Qy YүQ Yү\ ÿX{L ÿy Oj FRQ FKy 7UҫQ
9ăQ *LjX Oj WLrX ELӇX KD\ Fy Fҧ QKӳQJ FRQ FKy NKiF SKҧQ WӍQK FKҥ\ UD
QѭӟF QJRjL QKѭ %L 7tQ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF *LDR YүQ Yү\ ÿX{L Yj FRL FKӫ
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj´ QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF QKj FiFK PҥQJ OmR WKjQK´ QKѭ 3KDQ
%ӝL &KkX 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK +XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ .Ǥ 1JRҥL +ҫX /RjL
QJѭӡL NKiF KѫQ FKy ӣ FKӛ Oj ELӃW SKkQ ELӋW PLQK TXkQ Yj EҥR FK~D
FKiQK Yj Wj QrQ OzQJ WUXQJ WKjQK WKѭӡQJ ÿһW ÿ~QJ FKӛ QӃX WUXQJ WKjQK
YӟL K{Q TXkQ QKj ÿӝF WjL Nҿ JLDQ PDQK WKu FNJQJ P TXiQJ NK{QJ NKiF
Ju FKy 1Jj\ [ѭD ӣ ErQ 7UXQJ +RD QKkQ YұW WѭӟQJ TXkQ +RjQJ 3KL +ә
KjQK [ӱ ÿ~QJ WKHR WLQK WKҫQ´ FRQ QJѭӡL´ NKL QKuQ WKҩ\ 7Uө 9ѭѫQJ WjQ
iF KDP Pr WӱX VҳF QrQ VDQJ ÿҫX &KkX WLrX GLӋW K{Q TXkQ QJj\ QD\
PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL ÿm QKuQ WKҩ\ YjL Wә FKӭF FKӕQJ &ӝQJ GӓP WӯQJ OӧL GөQJ
OzQJ \rX QѭӟF FӫD GkQ FK~QJ ÿӇ WKX WLӅQ WURQJ 0һW 7UұQ NKiQJ FKLӃQ
FXӝL Pj YүQ P TXiQJ ÿL WKHR SKөF Yө NӇ Fҧ QKӳQJ´ QKj NKRD EҧQJ
FKX\rQ JLD´ G Fy EҵQJ FҩS FDR WKu QKӳQJ Nҿ Qҫ\ FNJQJ NK{QJ NKiF Ju
là loài chó.

%iR /DR ĈӝQJ WURQJ QѭӟF Vӕ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP Fy
ÿăQJ EjL YLӃW WӵD Oj ´ *һS 1JѭӡL 'LӉQ 7KX\ӃW 1ăP ;ѭD 7ҥL /Ӊ ĈӝF
/ұS 7KiQJ 1ăP ӣ 6DLJRQ´ 9j Fy ÿăQJ Fҧ WҩP KuQK FKөS FӫD
%DQ /mQK ĈҥR WӍQK /RQJ $Q FKөS FKXQJ YӟL´ FRQ FKy JLj QăP [ѭD FӫD
+ӗ &Kӫ 7ӏFK´ JӑL Oj *LiR 6ѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX QKҵP KӗL WѭӣQJ OҥL FiL
QJj\ Pj WrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӑF GLӉQ YăQ ӣ QJRjL %ҳF WKu WURQJ 1DP
ÿiP FKy &ӝQJ 6ҧQ FNJQJ SKҧL´ *Æ8 *Æ8´ QӏQK WKHR FKӫ WX\ QKLrQ Yu
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YjR 1DP WKӃ Oj FRQ FKy 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿjQK SKҧL QKҧ\ OrQ GLӉQ ÿjQ
FѭѫQJ ҭX SKө KӑD YӟL FKӫ FKR WUӑQ OzQJ WUXQJ FӫD ORjL FKy 7KӡL JӑL
Oj´ NKiQJ FKLӃQ PD WKX´ NKҳS QѫL UӝQ UjQJ YӟL ´ 0D WKXD UӗL QJj\
KDL PѭѫL ED WD ÿL WKHR WLӃQJ NrX VDQ Kj QJX\ ELӃQ ´ 1KѭQJ NK{QJ
DL QJӡ Oj QKӳQJ K\ VLQK ÿyQJ JyS [ѭѫQJ PiX WjL VҧQ Qҫ\ Y{ tFK Qҫ\
WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ QăP OҥL Y{ WuQK JL~S FKR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿL Wӯ´
NK{QJ ÿӃQ Fy´ JLHR WDR KӑD FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ QD\ YӟL KjQJ
FKөF WULӋX QJѭӡL FKӃW Fҧ QѭӟF ÿҳP FKuP WURQJ OҥF KұX PҩW Wӵ GR GkQ
FKӫ ÿӝF OұS QKӳQJ QJѭӡL KLӇX ELӃW FҧP WKҩ\ Fy WӝL YӟL ÿҩW QѭӟF Yu
ÿm OҫP OүQ ÿL WKHR FiL JӑL Oj´ NKiQJ FKLӃQ PD WKX´ OjP OӧL FKR JLһF
QKѭQJ FNJQJ Fy PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL P TXiQJ Wӵ KjR FiL NKRҧQ WKӡL JLDQ´ ÿL
WKHR ÿҧQJ FѭӟS &ӝQJ 6ҧQ JLӃW QJѭӡL´ ҩ\ Oj´ OjP FiFK PҥQJ´ Yj Kӑ
FNJQJ Wӵ QKұQ Oj´ ÿL OjP FiFK PҥQJ´

³0Ô$ 7+8 NKiQJ FKLӃQ FӫD 0Ô 7+8$

496 LONG ĐIỀN

0Ô 7+8$ WKHR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 08$ 7+Ô

08$ 7+Ô FiFK PҥQJ 0Ô 7+8$ ҩ\

0Ô 7+8$ GL KҥL OҳP 0Ô$ 7+8´

7rQ FKy VăQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKӡL´ NKiQJ FKLӃQ PXD WK´ Oj QKkQ
YұW QӗQJ FӕW WD\ VDL ÿҳF OӵF Yj´ QăQJ Qә´ FӫD WrQ WѭӟQJ FѭӟS ViQJ
OұS ÿҧQJ FѭӟS &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK *LjX ÿѭӧF FKӫ
Qy JLDR FKR QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө QKѭ %t 7Kѭ ;ӭ Ӫ\ 1DP .Ǥ &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\
%DQ .KӣL 1JKƭD 1DP %ӝ Yj QKҩW Oj FiF FKӭF´ &Kӫ 7ӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK
&KiQK /kP 7KӡL 1DP %ӝ´ ÿѭӧF GkQ PLӅQ 1DP WKӡL ҩ\ ELӃW U} QKӳQJ
KRҥW ÿӝQJ Pӡ iP QKҩW Oj TXD Vӵ SKkQ ELӋW ÿӕL [ӱ JLӳD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
QjR GҥL GӝW FKӏX ÿL WKHR OjP WD\ VDL ÿyQJ WLӅQ YjQJ OѭѫQJ WKӵF FKR
Wә FKӭF FzQ QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ NKiF WKu FRL Oj´ SKy WKѭӡQJ GkQ 1DP
%ӝ´ QKyP FKӳ Qҫ\ QJj\ QD\ YүQ FzQ QKLӅX QJѭӡL QKӟ ÿӃQ FiL WKӡL´
NKӫQJ Eӕ´ NKҳS QѫL 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKtQK Oj WrQ´ OӯD WKҫ\ SKҧQ EҥQ´
WӯQJ VDQJ 3KiS GX KӑF ÿѭӧF QJѭӡL WKҫ\ Oj 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX KӃW OzQJ JL~S
ÿӣ QѫL [ӭ QJѭӡL QKѭQJ VDX ÿy *LjX ÿL WKHR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ĈӋ 7DP FzQ 7D
7KX 7KkX Oj ĈӋ 7ӭ QrQ NKL YӅ QѭӟF *LjX ÿm ViW Kҥ WKҫ\ FiF´ ÿӗQJ FKt
ÿӋ Wӭ´ PӝW FiFK WjQ EҥR Ĉk\ Oj EjL KӑF Pj QKӳQJ DL FzQ WLQ QJKH WKHR
ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ FKtQK QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FQJ ê WKӭF KӋ .DUO 0DU[ FKӍ NKiF
QKDX´ KӋ SKiL´ Oj OjP WKӏW QKDX WKұW Gm PDQ KXӕQJ FKL Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
NK{QJ WKHR 0DU[ 1KӳQJ DL ӣ KҧL QJRҥL FzQ Pѫ PӝQJ´ KzD KӧS KzD
JLҧL [yD Eӓ KұQ WK Gӏ ELӋW FKiQK NLӃQ FQJ QKDX [k\ GӵQJ ÿҩW QѭӟF
Yj FQJ QKDX ÿRjQ NӃW FKӕQJ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ´ WKu QrQ Oҩ\ EjL KӑF Qҫ\ ÿӇ
OjP NLQK QJKLӋP Yj Oҩ\ FkX FKkP QJ{Q ´ KzD KӧS KzD JLҧL YӟL &ӝQJ
6ҧQ Oj Wӵ ViW´

%ҧQ WKkQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKӡL WKDQK QLrQ QәL WLӃQJ Oj QJѭӡL WK{QJ
PLQK QKѭQJ FiL WUt WK{QJ PLQK ҩ\ OҥL ÿѭӧF [ӱ GөQJ WURQJ QKӳQJ PөF
WLrX EҩW FKiQK Oj ÿHP WjL WUt SKөF Yө FKR ÿҧQJ FѭӟS &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WUӣ
WKjQK ÿҥL KӑD FKR GkQ WӝF FKtQK KҳQ Jk\ ELӃW EDR Qӧ PiX YӟL GkQ WKӡL
9LӋW 0LQK YӟL [iF QJѭӡL WU{L V{QJ Eӏ FKһW ÿҫX Pә EөQJ [ӓ [kX
WUrQ FiQK ÿӗQJ WKu QJұS [iF QJѭӡL Pӗ FK{Q WұS WKӇ Yj QKҩW Oj ÿiP
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ Qҫ\ WjQ ViW ELӃW EDR WtQ ÿӗ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR QJD\ Fҧ ÿӭF
WKҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә FNJQJ WӯQJ Eӏ PѭX ViW Yj VDX FQJ Eӏ iP KҥL WҥL
ĈӕF 9jQJ +ҥ OjQJ 7kQ 3K~ WURQJ OҫQ 9LӋW 0LQK GR ÿҥL GLӋQ Oj WrQ %ӱX
9LQK ÿӗQJ EӑQ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX GjQ FҧQK PӡL KӑS O~F WӕL QJj\
WKiQJ QăP

&NJQJ JLӕQJ QKѭ KҫX KӃW QKӳQJ WrQ iF {Q QKѭ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 1JX\ӉQ
7Kӏ 0LQK .KDL /r +ӗQJ 3KRQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WӯQJ ÿѭӧF WKө KXҩQ
SKѭѫQJ FiFK WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ NKӫQJ Eӕ JLDQ PDQK WҥL WUѭӡQJ &{QJ 1{QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 497

3KѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ WҥL 0ҥF 7ѭ .KRD KҳQ KӑF VDX +ӗ YjL QăP Oj QJѭӡL
KӑF JLӓL FXӕL NKyD FiF KӑF YLrQ SKҧL OjP OXұQ iQ WURQJ Vӕ OXұQ iQ
KD\ WKu 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿӭQJ QKҩW QJѭӡL WKӭ QKu Oj 7LWR VDX OjP WәQJ
Et WKѭ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 1DP 7ѭ Yj KҥQJ ED Oj 7KHUH]H VDX Oj WәQJ Et
WKѭ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 3KiS ĈӇ WѭӣQJ WKѭӣQJ QKj ÿӝF WjL 6WDOLQH WһQJ
PӛL QJѭӡL PӝW WҩP ҧQK Fy FKӳ Nê WrQ SKtD VDX &KtQK ÿLӅX Qҫ\ Pj
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK JKpW 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FӝQJ WKrP FiL WLQK WKҫQ NǤ WKӏ QJKL
Nӷ %ҳF 1DP FӫD +ӗ 6DX WKӡL NǤ JLӃW QJѭӡL QKѭ Uҥ Vӧ X\ WtQ FӫD ÿiP
FiQ Eӝ JӕF PLӅQ 1DP OrQ FDR QrQ OҫQ OѭӧW +ӗ WULӋW Kҥ KҫX KӃW QKӳQJ ´
PҫP PyQJ´ Qҫ\ 1әL EұW Oj Yө JLӃW WUXQJ WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %uQK 1JX\ӉQ
3KѭѫQJ 7KҧR 7UҫQ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ NK{Q KѫQ ÿ{L ED OҫQ ÿѭӧF +ӗ WULӋX YӅ
%ҳF Pj NK{QJ ÿL QrQ WKRiW FKӃW 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FQJ YӟL PӝW WrQ ÿӗQJ
EӑQ ViW WKӫ NKiF Oj 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL UD %ҳF Yj Eӏ ÿu WӕL ÿD 'ѭѫQJ
%ҥFK 0DL Eӏ +ӗ UD OӏQK FKR 0DL &Kt 7Kӑ FKR QJѭӡL ÿҫX ÿӝF EҵQJ O\
QѭӟF WUj WURQJ NǤ KӝL WKҧR ÿҧQJ Eӝ FzQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKu Eӏ FKR QJӗL
FKѫL [ѫL QѭӟF TXҧQ FKӃ QJӗL YLӃW´ Wӵ NLӇP´ GjL GjL JLҧQJ Gҥ\ QKӳQJ
Oê WKX\ӃW YӇ FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ /HQLQ WUѭӡQJ ÿҥL KӑF ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF WKD\ Yu
KҳQ ÿѭӧF OjP QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө WѭѫQJ [ӭQJ YӟL NKҧ QăQJ KҫX KӃW QKӳQJ
FKӭF Yө Qҫ\ GjQK FKR FiQ Eӝ JӕF %ҳF QKҩW Oj FQJ TXr TXiQ YӟL +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP UD %ҳF Eӏ [jL PӝW WKӡL JLDQ NӇ Fҧ O~F OjP
WKӭ WUѭӣQJ QJRҥL JLDR YkQJ OӏQK +ӗ F~W FXQJ WұQ Wө\ YӟL F{QJ KjP
F{QJ QKұQ TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D WKXӝF 7UXQJ &ӝQJ YjR QăP OjP
QӅQ WҧQJ FKR EӭF F{QJ KjP EiQ QѭӟF FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ 7{Q
ĈӭF 7KҳQJ FNJQJ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF +ӗ Vӱ GөQJ G 7KҳQJ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL KLӃP KRL QKұQ ÿѭӧF KX\ FKѭѫQJ /HQLQ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj FDR TXt QKҩW
FӫD NKӕL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 6DX QKLӅX QJѭӡL PLӅQ 1DP ÿm OҫP WұS NӃW UD
%ҳF QrQ Yө WUXQJ ÿRjQ FӫD WUXQJ ÿRjQ WUѭӣQJ ĈӗQJ 9ăQ &ӕQJ FDL
WәQJ &ӕQJ YjR QăP Wӯ KX\ӋQ /ѭѫQJ 6ѫQ WӍQK 7KDQK +yD JLҧ
Yӡ WұS WUұQ YӟL SKkQ QӳD TXkQ Vӕ Oҩ\ TXkQ [D WKҷQJ YjR 1DP +ӗ FKR
ĈӗQJ 9ăQ &ӕQJ UѭӧW WKHR KDL ErQ ÿөQJ ÿӝ Pӟ FKӃW Pӟ YѭӧW V{QJ YjR
1DP YӅ TXr VLQK VӕQJ

7KӡL NKiQJ FKLӃQ ÿiQK 7k\ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NK{QJ Fy WKӃ OӵF FNJQJ
NK{QJ Fy TXkQ Vӕ FKӍ OӯD EӏS OұS UD FiF Fѫ FKӃ´ Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK &KiQK
/kP 7KӡL 1DP %ӝ´ GR 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OjP FKӫ WӏFK Wӯ ÿy ÿѭD QJѭӡL
YjR QҳP QKӳQJ ÿѫQ Yӏ TXkQ GkQ Wӵ Y} WUDQJ PLӅQ 1DP Yj GҫQ GҫQ GQJ
WKӫ ÿRҥQ NKӕQJ FKӃ NKX\QK ÿҧR ELӃQ QKӳQJ ÿѫQ Yӏ TXkQ Vӵ WKjQK
F{QJ Fө FKR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 1KӳQJ ÿѫQ Yӏ NKiQJ FKLӃQ Wӵ SKiW GҫQ GҫQ UѫL
YjR WD\ FiF WrQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WURQJ ED WUѭӡQJ KӧS

9u OҫP WѭӣQJ FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP ÿiQK 7k\ JLjQK ÿӝF OұS QrQ FKҩS

498 LONG ĐIỀN

QKұQ Vӵ FKӍ KX\ FӫD QKӳQJ WrQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ OӗQJ YjR TXD Vӵ WLӃQ Fӱ FӫD
Ӫ\ %DQ .KӣL 1JKƭD .KiQJ &KLӃQ 1DP, %ӝ QKѭQJ VDX ÿy FNJQJ Eӏ
WKDQK WRiQ WKӫ WLrX ÿӇ NK{QJ DL Fy PѭX ÿR EҩW SKөF WQJ GLӋW WUӯ KұX
KRҥQ

1KӳQJ DL ELӃW Uӓ WkP ÿӏD JLDQ iF WKu Eӏ WKӫ WLrX iP ViW

1KӳQJ DL kP WKҫP FKӏX ÿӵQJ UӗL VDX ÿy WuP FiFK Eӓ WUӕQ Eӏ FKөS
PNJ Oj´ SKҧQ EӝL´ ÿҫX KjQJ JLһF 7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD +ӭD +RjQK WKu O~F
ÿy WKӡL´ 1DP Eӝ NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ ӣ QKLӅX WӍQK PLӅQ 1DP ÿm Fy WӟL FKL
ÿӝL FKLӃQ ÿҩX PӛL FKL ÿӝL Fy TXkQ Vӕ Wӯ YjL WUăP ÿӃQ PӝW QJjQ TXkQ
YNJ NKt Wӵ OӵF WLQK WKҫQ FKLӃQ ÿҩX UҩW FDR WLrX ELӇX &KL ÿӝL GR +XǤQK
.LP 7UѭѫQJ WӭF Oj Fz 7UѭѫQJ FKӍ KX\ &KL ÿӝL GR QKyP %uQK ;X\rQ
WKjQK OұS Wӯ GR +DL 6RiL %D 'ѭѫQJ FKӍ KX\ FXӕL QăP
9LӋW 0LQK FKR WrQ 7ӯ 9ăQ 5\ +HQU\ 7ӯ YjR UӗL iP ViW %D 'ѭѫQJ
WURQJ WUұQ ÿөQJ ÿӝ YӟL 7k\ kP PѭX Eӏ Oӝ QrQ FK~QJ JLӃW WrQ +HQU\ 7ӯ
ÿӇ EӏW ÿҫX PӕL &KL ÿӝL FNJQJ FӫD %uQK ;X\rQ GR %ҧ\ 0{Q FKӍ KX\ WKHR
FiQK %ҧ\ 9LӉQ &KL ÿӝL GR 0ѭӡL 7Ut WӭF Oj +XǤQK 0LQK 7Ut FKӍ KX\ 6DX
NKL iP ViW %D 'ѭѫQJ UӗL kP PѭX WKDQK WRiQ %ҧ\ 9LӉQ WKҩW EҥL 9LӋW
0LQK PXD FKXӝF ÿѭӧF 0ѭӡL 7Ut ÿҫX WLrQ Wӵ SKRQJ Oj´ Vѭ WK~F +zD
+ҧR´ ÿӇ O{L NpR WtQ ÿӗ VDX ÿy Et PұW iP ViW ÿӭF WKҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә
QKѭQJ EҩW WKjQK Wӯ ÿy WtQ ÿӗ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR ELӃW U} WrQ 0ѭӡL 7Ut
QrQ Wҭ\ FKD\ &KL ÿӝL 7ѭ ĈӭF GR 3KҥP +ӳX ĈӭF FKӍ KX\ &KL ÿӝL FNJQJ
GR %uQK ;X\rQ GR +XǤQK 9ăQ 7KҧR *LiR 7KҧR WKXӝF &DR ĈjL FKӍ
KX\ FKL ÿӝL %ҧ\ 9LӉQ Y Y 7yP OҥL ӣ PLӅQ 1DP FiL JӑL Oj´
NKiQJ FKLӃQ PD WKX´ FKӍ Oj WUz EӏS Yu 9LӋW 0LQK NK{QJ Fy TXkQ FKӍ
GQJ FiL Yӓ EӑF´ Ӫ\ %DQ .KӣL 1JKƭD 1DP %ӝ´ YӟL PӝW Vӕ WrQ FiQ Eӝ
QӗQJ FӕW OzQ QJѭӡL [kP QKұS NKX\QK ÿҧR ÿk\ Oj FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ´
ӕF PѭӧQ KӗQ´ 9ӟL,QKӳQJ WKӫ ÿRҥQ Fy EjL EҧQ Pj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX
'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL Yj ÿӗQJ EӑQ iS GөQJ QrQ WҩW Fҧ FKL ÿӝL Y} WUDQJ
PLӅQ 1DP OҫQ OѭӧW OӑW YjR WD\ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Kӑ FKLӃP FiF FKӭF FKtQK
WUӏ YLrQ QrQ WUӣ WKjQK F{QJ Fө FKR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP %LӃW EDR
[ѭѫQJ PiX FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ PLӅQ 1DP Eӏ OӧL GөQJ TXD WD\ WUXQJ JLDQ
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKR WrQ FKӫ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WӝL iF FӫD KҳQ Gү\ ÿҫ\ FKӍ
ULrQJ WKjQK SKҫQ´ Fy KӑF´ FNJQJ OrQ ÿӃQ KjQJ QJjQ QJѭӡL Eӏ WKӫ WLrX
JLӃW KҥL QpP [iF WU{L V{QJ YҩW WUrQ FiQK ÿӗQJ &KtQK EӑQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
*LjX ÿm Kҥ OӏQK WjQ ViW KjQJ QJjQ WtQ ÿӗ 3KұW JLiR +zD +ҧR 7KHR WjL
OLӋX FӫD +RjQJ 4XӕF .Ǥ WURQJ TX\ӇQ´ 0D ĈҫX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ FKR
ELӃW Vӕ Oj ÿҫX WKiQJ QăP ÿӗQJ EjR 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR YӟL WD\
NK{QJ NpR YӅ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ELӇX WuQK Eӏ 9LӋW 0LQK FKөS PNJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 499

YjR WӝL´ FKӕQJ ÿӕL´ QrQ UD OӏQK FKR 9Ӌ 4XӕF ĈRjQ EҳQ YjR ÿiP ÿ{QJ
WjQ ViW NK{QJ JӟP WD\ WrQ ViW WKӫ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 1JKӋ Oj WD\ V~QJ WLӇX
OLrQ WURQJ ÿӝL TXkQ Qҫ\ ÿm WKXұW Oj ´ WөL +zD +ҧR JDQ FQJ PuQK OӟS
Qҫ\ QJm [XӕQJ OӟS NKiF WLӃQ OrQ Fҧ ÿjQ Ej FRQ QtW FNJQJ Yұ\ %yS Fz
ÿӅQ UXQ Fҧ WD\ PiX ORDQJ ÿӓ Fҧ PһW ÿѭӡQJ Pj FK~QJ YүQ QKjR Y{ KӑQJ
V~QJ &KLӃQ Vƭ WD ÿm WҧQ WKҫQ QKѭQJ OӏQK EҳW Oj SKҧL EҳQ WLӃS ´ 6R YӟL
FiF OӵF OѭӧQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ NKiF WKu +zD +ҧR Oj ÿiQJ TXDQ QJҥL QKҩW
QrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WuP ÿӫ PӑL FiFK ÿӇ WULӋW Kҥ 3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR FiL
Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK &KiQK /kP 7KӡL 1DP %ӝ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OmQK ÿҥR
FKӍ Oj Yӓ EӑF ErQ WURQJ Oj QѫL TXL Wө WKjQK SKҫQ´ ÿҫX WUӝP ÿX{L FѭӟS
GX WKӫ GX WKӵF´ ÿѭӧF WX\ӇQ FKӑQ Yj SKRQJ FKӭF VҹQ VjQJ UD WD\ JLӃW
QJѭӡL WKHR OӏQK ÿiP ÿҫX OmQK FK~QJ WӯQJ JLӃW {QJ +XǤQK 7KҥQK 0ұX
Oj DQK UXӝW FӫD ĈӭF 7Kҫ\ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә EҳW FyF +DL 1JRiQ WӭF Oj
WKLӃX WѭӟQJ /kP 7KjQK 1JX\rQ Eӓ YjR EDR Eӕ TXăQJ [XӕQJ V{QJ FKR
ÿL´ Pz W{P´ ÿk\ FNJQJ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKLӅX FiFK JLӃW QJѭӡL PDQ Uӧ FӫD
ÿiP 9LӋW 0LQK GR 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX FKӍ KX\ QKӡ Y} QJKӋ FDR QrQ +DL
1JRiQ Wӵ JLҧL WKRiW

&XӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ P WKXD´ FRL QKѭ WҥP WKӡL OҳQJ ÿӑQJ NKL PLӅQ
%ҳF Oj FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ FKiQK YӟL Vӵ FKXҭQ Eӏ FKR ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ QrQ YjR
FXӕL QăP QKLӅX WUXQJ ÿRjQ FKӫ OӵF Eӏ JLҧL WKӇ Yj PLӅQ %ҳF WKjQK
OұS FiF Vѭ ÿRjQ ÿy FNJQJ Oj Oê GR Pj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
Yj ÿӗQJ ÿҧQJ OR QJҥL PLӅQ 1DP Fy NKҧ WăQJ WiFK UӡL Wӵ WUӏ WKHR NLӇX 1DP
.Ǥ 4XӕF QrQ JLҧL WiQ FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ PLӅQ 1DP FKLD WKjQK KDL SKkQ NKX´
PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ Yj PLӅQ 7k\ PӛL QѫL FKӍ FzQ PӝW WLӇX ÿRjQ FKӫ OӵF JLDL ÿRҥQ
/r 'XүQ WKD\ +j +X\ *LiS FKӭF Et WKѭ WKӭ QKҩW PLӅQ %ҳF ӣ PLӅQ 1DP
WKu 3KҥP +QJ WKD\ %D 'LӋS FKӭF JLiP ÿӕF &{QJ $Q 1DP %ӝ

1Jj\ WKiQJ JӑL Oj´ TXӕF NKiQK´ ÿѭӧF KkP QyQJ QKѭ ORҥL´
PLFURZDYH´ Yj FRQ FKy JLj Pӡ PҳW UөQJ UăQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX OҥL QKѭ
VӕQJ OҥL FKXӛL QJj\ WKHR ÿҧQJ FѭӟS QKӟ OҥL FiL WKӡL TX\ӅQ KjQK VDQK
ViW WURQJ WD\ QKѭ YXD FK~D EjQ WD\ KҳQ QKXӕP PiX ELӃW EDR QJѭӡL
GkQ RDQ Y{ WӝL Eӏ JLӃW PӝW FiFK Gm PDQ FKөS PNJ Oj´ 9LӋW JLDQ´ QKѭQJ
GR FKtQK QKӳQJ WrQ 9LӋW JLDQ ÿӝL OӟS NKiQJ FKLӃQ GѭӟL Vӵ FKӍ KX\ FӫD
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 0ӝW WrQ Jk\ TXi QKLӅX Qӧ PiX YӟL ÿӗQJ EjR WKӃ Pj
YүQ QҵP QJRjL YzQJ SKiS OXұW WzD iQ TXӕF WӃ QKL QK{ QyL YӅ FiL QJj\
Pj WrQ FKӫ FӫD KҳQ OӃX OiR WҥL %D ĈuQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP QKѭ
PXӕQ´ WuP OҥL FK~W PһW WUӡL WURQJ O\ QѭӟF OҥQK´

7UѭѫQJ 0LQK +zD

3KtD 4XӕF *LD NKiQJ 3KiS ÿm OrQ iQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX YӅ FiF WӝL
iF GR FKtQK {QJ ÿm WKL KjQK WURQJ F{QJ FXӝF .KiQJ &KLӃQ 1DP %ӝ

500 LONG ĐIỀN

QKѭ VDX :
WUҩQ iS P ӑ6Lӱ ÿ GRөjQQ JW KEӇӑ NQK ViiFW QNKKk{QQ JF K&X6\r Q QJKLӋS EӑQ F{Q ÿӗ Fy WLӅQ iQ ÿӇ

6iW KҥL PӑL WKjQK SKҫQ NK{QJ FӝQJ VҧQ NӇ Fҧ WKҫ\ FӫD *LjX Oj 7ҥ
7KX 7KkX &6 ÿӋ 7ӭ 4XӕF 7Ӄ

3Ki KRҥL Yj OjP WDQ Uҧ Vѭ ÿRjQ GkQ TXkQ .KiQJ &KLӃQ91 JӗP
FKL ÿӝL NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ GR 1KkQ 'kQ 0LӅQ 1DP \rX QѭӟF
Wӵ ÿӝQJ QәL Gұ\ Fy Vӵ WLӃS WD\ FӫD WUXQJ WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %uQK Yj VDX Qҫ\
FKtQK 1JX\ӉQ %uQK FNJQJ Eӏ +&0 ViW KҥL 92.

.KL Eӏ WKҩW VNJQJ Yj Eӏ WULӋX KӗL UD %ҳF Yj WKҩ\ +&0 ViW KҥL WKӫ Kҥ
WKkQ WtQ FӫD *LjX Oj 'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL WKu *LjX UҩW NKLӃS QKѭӧF Vӧ FKӃW
F~F FXQJ WұQ Wө\ YӟL +ӗ

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Fy KӑF Pj NK{QJ Fy KҥQK NK{QJ Fy ÿӣP OѭӧF ÿӇ
Wӕ FiR WӝL iF FӫD +ӗ Yj YҥFK FiF VDL OҫP FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 QKѭ EҥQ WKkQ
FӫD *LjX Oj *LiR 6ѭ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ 7X\ QKLrQ FNJQJ Fy WKӇ QyL
*LjX OѭX PDQK W\ WKӡL QrQ NK{QJ Eӏ WU GұS WKr WKҧP QKѭ *6 7ѭӡQJ

7yP OҥL FXӝF ÿӡL FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj QJѭӡL QJRDQ Fӕ EmR YӋ PӝW
FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL SKL QKkQ FKR ÿӃQ NKL FXӕL ÿӡL G WKҩ\ PuQK ÿm VDL OҫP
WKHR &1&6 QKѭQJ YүQ TXǤ Oө\ ÿҧQJ &6 ÿӇ KѭӣQJ PӝW FK~W ÿһF TX\ӅQ
FӓQ FRQ FӫD ÿҧQJ TX\ӅQ OӧL EpR Eӣ WKu EӑQ FK~QJ WKL QKDX GjQK KӃW
Fy ÿkX FKR *LjX PӝW WrQ Fy Oê OӏFK WKHR 3KiS Yj FzQ SKҧQ ÿҧQJ EiQ
ÿӭQJ ³ÿӗQJ FKt´ FӫD PuQK FKR PұW WKiP 3KiS)

&y WKӇ QyL WURQJ FiF ÿҧQJ YLrQ WKXӝF KҥQJ 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ WKDP JLD
JLDL ÿRҥQ ÿҫX ³&iFK 0ҥQJ 0D 7KX´ WKu 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj QJѭӡL Eӏ NǤ
WKӏ Yj NKLQK Uҿ QKҩW QKӳQJ FiL KX\ FKѭѫQJ FKӭF KjP´*LiR 6ѭ 1Kj
JLiR 1KkQ 'kQ FKӍ Oj PLӃQJ EiQK YӁ VR YӟL WjL VҧQ NӃW [ FӫD ÿiP FұQ
WKҫQ %ҳF %ӝ 3Kӫ 'XүQ 7Kӑ &KLQK ĈӗQJ 7URQJ FRQ PҳW FӫD %ӝ
&KtQK 7Uӏ WKu 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX YүQ Eӏ [HP WKjQK SKҫQ [XҩW WKkQ Wѭ VҧQ WUt
WKӭF QrQ Eӏ QJKL QJӡ WKҩW VӫQJ Oj OӁ ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ WӝL iF FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WURQJ
FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX WKӡL WUҿ Oj PӝW WKDQK QLrQ WLӃQ Eӝ FӫD 0LӅQ 1DP Fy
WLQK WKҫQ \rX QѭӟF FҫX WLӃQ KӑF FKăP Yj Oê OXұQ JLӓL QKѭQJ WKұW EҩW KҥQK
FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF91 WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ KӑF WҥL 3KiS {QJ ÿm QKҫP OүQ NKL FKӑQ
&Kӫ 1JKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿӇ OjP KjQK WUDQJ FKR FKtQK PuQK Yj FKR Fҧ
GkQ WӝF 7URQJ FKӫ WKX\ӃW &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿm FKӍ Gҥ\ SKҧL OjP VDR ÿӇ NӃW
QҥS FjQJ QKLӅX FjQJ WӕW ÿҧQJ YLrQ Yj ÿҧQJ SKҧL GjQK TX\ӅQ FKӍ ÿҥR

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 501

F{QJ FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL NK{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ SKҧL Eӏ WLrX GLӋW Yj
FKӍ Fy ÿҧQJ &6 FKӍ KX\ PӑL F{QJ FXӝF &iFK 0ҥQJ 7URQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ WKu
4XӕF 7Ӄ &6 OX{Q NrX JӑL EҥR ÿӝQJ Yj WҩW Fҧ FiF WKӫ ÿRҥQ FKX\rQ FKtQK
NӇ Fҧ WjQ iF ÿӅX ÿѭӧF NKX\ӃQ NKtFK93!

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿm Eӏ WLrP QKLӇP Vӵ ÿӝF KҥL ÿy WURQJ ÿҫX yF FӫD
PӝW WKDQK QLrQ ÿҫ\ QKLӋW KX\ӃW 9u WKӃ FK~QJ WD NK{QJ Oҩ\ OjP Oҥ NKL Fy
ÿѭӧF QKLӅX ÿҧQJ YLrQ Kӛ WUӧ ÿѭӧF JLDR QKLӅX TX\ӅQ KjQK UӝQJ UҧL WKu
7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX NK{QJ Wӵ NLӅP FKӃ ÿm TXrQ ÿL QKӳQJ PөF WLrX WӕW ÿҽS
EDQ ÿҫX FӫD OzQJ iL TXӕF PXӕQ JLұW VұS FKӃ ÿӝ 7KӵF 'kQ WjQ iF WUrQ
ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP Ĉy FNJQJ Oj WkP Oê FKXQJ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL PӝW VӟP
PӝW FKLӅX Fy TXi QKLӅX TX\ӅQ KjQK WURQJ WD\ Pj NK{QJ Eӏ PӝW Fѫ FKӃ
'kQ &Kӫ FKӃ WjL NKL SKҥP SKiS94!

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502 LONG ĐIỀN