Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

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Eӏ EҳW VӕQJ OjP W ELQK 4XkQ ÿӝL 0ӻ Yj FKtQK SKӫ 91&+ FNJQJ
K\ VLQK QJѭӡL 0ӻ ´

http://www.rjsmith.com/kia_tbl.html Casualties - US vs NVA/VC

Mùa hè 1972:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Offensive

&XӝF WҩQ F{QJ EҳW ÿҫX QJj\ WKiQJ ED QăP NKL OtQK
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1JX\rQ *LiS WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ Eә QKLӋP 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ OrQ WKD\ FKӭF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 353

WәQJ Wѭ OӏQK OӵF OѭӧQJ TXkQ ÿӝL

&KLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ

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*LiS Oj WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ 7UұQ Qj\ *LiS FKLӃP ѭX WKӃ YӅ WUӑQJ SKiR
GR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ FXQJ FҩS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ Yj FKӍ KX\ WUӵF WLӃS 7X\ *LiS OjP
Wѭ OӏQK FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ QKѭQJ FKӍ ÿLӅX ÿӝQJ ELQK Vƭ FzQ KӓD OӵF WUӑQJ SKiR
WKu FiF WѭӟQJ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ /D 4Xt %D /R *XLSR KLӋQ YүQ FzQ VӕQJ OjP
ÿҥL ELӇX TXӕF KӝL 7UXQJ &ӝQJ 7UҫQ &DQK Yj 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK WUӵF WLӃS
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QăP http://diendan.edu.net.vn/forums/65611/ShowThread.aspx)
Yj Fy OӁ {QJ WD OjP ÿѭӧF YLӋF WURQJ YҩQ ÿӅ VLQK ÿҿ KѫQ Oj OjP WѭӟQJ

- http://www.vietnamexodus.org/vne/modules.php?name=News&fi
le=article&sid=78

6Ӵ 7+Ұ7 9ӄ +8<ӄ1 7+2Ҥ, $1+ +Ô1* Ĉ,ӊ1 %,Ç1

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ELӃW EDR QKLrX Vӵ K\ VLQK [ѭѫQJ PiX FӫD FRQ GkQ YLӋW Q~S GѭӟL EuQK
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*LiS YLӃW ÿm Kp Oӝ FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ PӝW Vӵ WKұW Pj WUѭӟF NKL FK~QJ
WD FKӍ QJKH TXD QKѭQJ NK{QJ Fy WjL OLӋX NLӇP FKӭQJ P{W FiFK FKҳF

354 LONG ĐIỀN

FKҳQ ÿy Oj Vӵ QK~QJ WD\ FӫD FiF Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ WҩW
Fҧ FKLӃQ GӏFK TXkQ Vӵ Pj *LiS ÿѭӧF ÿѭD UD OjP EuQK SKRQJ OmQK ÿҥR
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ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ĈRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ GR 0DR 7UҥFK
Ĉ{QJ ÿѭD TXD NK{QJ QKӳQJ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WUӵF WLӃS YӅ PһW TXkQ Vӵ Pj FzQ
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WUӵF WLӃS YӅ FKtQK WUӏ QӃX NK{QJ QyL Oj UD OӋQK FKR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ
VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP SKҧL WKӵF WKL FXӝF FKӍQK KXҩQ WURQJ FiQ Eӝ Yj WKL KjQK
FXӝF ÿҩX Wӕ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿҭP PiX WKHR NLӇX FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF
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&KLӃQ ĈҩX 7URQJ 9zQJ 9k\ ĈѭӡQJ 7ӟL ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ĈLӋQ %LrQ
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SKҧL FKXҭQ Eӏ QKLӅX PһW ÿӇ SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK GX NtFK ´

7KӡL JLDQ O~F ҩ\ Oj WKiQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS QKuQ QKұQ UҵQJ
PuQK FKҷQJ KLӇX Wt Ju YӅ FKLӃQ WUDQK GX NtFK Fҧ NKL QJKH +RjQJ 9ăQ
7Kө QyL QKѭ WKӃ QrQ PӟL ³PӝW EӳD QKkQ TXD WKѭ YLӋQ W{L PѭӧQ WұS
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QKӳQJ ÿRҥQ YӅ V~QJ WUѭӡQJ Yj OӵX ÿҥQ´

ĈӑF ÿӃQ ÿk\ WD Fy WKӇ KLӇX ÿѭӧF UҵQJ NLӃQ WKӭF TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 9}

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 355

1JX\rQ *LiS FKӍ ÿӃQ PӭF KLӇX QKӳQJ QKӳQJ ÿRҥQ YӅ V~QJ WUѭӡQJ Yj
OӵX ÿҥQ &zQ YӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF FKLӃQ WKXұW TXkQ Vӵ QKѭ WKӃ QjR WKu 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS NK{QJ KӅ ELӃW

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0LQK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK JLӟL WKLӋX 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Yj 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿL KӑF
TXkQ Vӵ WҥL 'LrQ $Q FKLӃQ NKX FӫD 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ 4XD
Vӵ JLӟL WKLӋX FӫD +ӗ YӟL ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS
Yj 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿѭӧF QKұQ ÿL KӑF WұS TXkQ Vӵ WҥL 'LrQ $Q

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NӇ ³&iF ÿӗQJ FKt 7UXQJ 4XӕF WҥL &{Q 0LQK Wә FKӭF FKR FK~QJ W{L ÿL
4XӃ 'ѭѫQJ Wӯ ÿy [H VӁ ÿL WLӃS OrQ 'LrQ $Q ;H FKҥ\ ED QJj\ WKu ÿӃQ
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7ҩW Fҧ FK~QJ W{L FQJ ÿL 4XӃ /kP ÿӇ WuP FiFK YӅ QѭӟF

4XD FkX FKX\ӋQ NӇ QyL WUrQ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Wѭ QKұQ NK{QJ KӅ KӑF
TXkQ Vӵ WҥL 'LrQ $Q FNJQJ QKѭ QKӳQJ WUѭӡQJ TXkQ Vӵ WҥL 7UXQJ 4XӕF NӇ
Fҧ WUѭӡQJ TXkQ Vӵ QәL WLӃQJ O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ Oj WUѭӡQJ +RjQJ 3Kӕ

&KtQK Yu NK{QJ Fy NLӃQ WKӭF TXkQ Vӵ QKѭ WKӃ QrQ *LiS Yj ÿҧQJ
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NK{QJ OjP QrQ ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ FKLӃQ F{QJ Ju QJRjL QKӳQJ FXӝF WұS NtFK
Oҿ WӁ Yj Eӏ TXkQ 3KiS ÿiQK GӗQ NKҳS QѫL 0mL ÿӃQ NKL 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ
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YLӋQ WUӧ YNJ NKt GӗL GjR FӫD 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Yj /LrQ ;{ WuQK KuQK
FKLӃQ Vӵ FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK PӟL EҳW ÿҫX Fy Vӵ FKX\ӇQ ELӃQ

&NJQJ FKtQK QKӳQJ Ju *LiS YLӃW UD PӟL FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ U} PӝW Vӵ
WKұW Oj FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ Q~S GѭӟL GDQK QJKƭD
0һW 7UұQ 9LӋW 0LQK ± ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӃ TXӕF /LrQ ;{ Yj 0DR YLӋQ WUӧ WӕL ÿD
YӟL PөF WLrX GX\ QKҩW Oj EjQK WUѭӟQJ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ NKҳS YQJ
Ĉ{QJ 1DP È /LrQ ;{ ÿm WKҩW EҥL WURQJ ê ÿӝ QKXӝP ÿӓ 1KұW %ҧQ WURQJ

356 LONG ĐIỀN

WKӃ FKLӃQ WKӭ +DL Yu NK{QJ QJӡ UҵQJ 0ӻ FKѫL ÿzQ FDR KѫQ EҵQJ FiFK
WKҧ ERP QJX\rQ Wӱ EXӝF 1KұW ÿҫX KjQJ WUѭӟF NKL +ӗQJ TXkQ 1JD Fy
GӏS WLӃQ F{QJ [kP FKLӃP QѭӟF 1KұW 9ӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ QKXӝP ÿӓ YQJ
È &KkX /LrQ ;{ ӫQJ Kӝ WӕL ÿD FiF SKRQJ WUjR FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ È &KkX ÿӇ
WKӵF KLӋQ PӝQJ Ei TX\ӅQ WKӃ JLӟL QKѭ /LrQ ;{ ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF WҥL
Ĉ{QJ ÆX VDX WKӃ FKLӃQ WKӭ +DL 9ӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ QKѭ WKӃ QrQ NKL +ӗ &Kt
0LQK TXD JһS 6WDOLQ ÿӇ [LQ YLӋQ WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ ÿiQK 3KiS 6WDOLQ FKҩS
WKXұQ QJD\ *LiS NӇ OҥL

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7UҥFK ĈӝQJ %iF ÿӅ QJKӏ /LrQ ;{ JL~S WUDQJ Eӏ ÿҥL ÿRjQ Eӝ ELQK Yj
WUXQJ ÿRjQ SKiR FDR [ҥ 6WDOLQ QyL \rX FӫD 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ OӟQ 1rQ
Fy Vӵ SKkQ F{QJ JLӳD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj /LrQ ;{ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VӁ JL~S 9LӋW
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Oҩ\ WURQJ Vӕ KjQJ /LrQ ;{ ÿm YLӋQ WUӧ FKR 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKX\ӇQ FKR 9LӋW
1DP Yj VӁ ÿѭӧF /LrQ ;{ KRjQ WUҧ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VӁ NK{QJ WKLӋW Yu WUDR
FKR 9LӋW 1DP QKӳQJ WKӭ ÿm GQJ UӗL VӁ QKұQ OҥL ӣ /LrQ ;{ QKӳQJ WKӭ
PӟL´ 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ QyL ³9LӋW 1DP FҫQ WUDQJ Eӏ ÿҥL ÿRjQ ÿӇ ÿiQK
3KiS WUѭӟF PҳW Km\ WUDQJ Eӏ FKR ÿҥL ÿRjQ ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF 7ӍQK 4XҧQJ
7k\ VӁ Oj KұX SKѭѫQJ WUӵF WLӃS ӣ 9LӋW 1DP´

.KL WUӣ YӅ %ҳF .LQK Wӯ /LrQ ;{ SKtD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿѭD FKR +ӗ &Kt
0LQK GDQK ViFK JӗP QJѭӡL Fӕ YҩQ /D 4Xê %D 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ 8ӹ
9LrQ ĈҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ 9ӏ 4XӕF 7KDQK
WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ YӅ TXkQ Vӵ 0DL *LD 6LQK Fӕ YҩQ YӅ F{QJ WiF WKDP
PѭX 0m 7k\ 3KX Fӕ YҩQ YӅ F{QJ WiF KұX FҫQ

%ҳW ÿҫX Wӯ WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy 7UXQJ 4XӕF EҳW ÿҫX WKDR W~QJ Yj JҫQ QKѭ
WRjQ Eӝ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP 9LӋF ÿLӅX NKLӇQ FӫD 7UXQJ
4XӕF Yj WKiL ÿӝ FKҩS QKұQ QJKH OӋQK Fӕ YҩQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKѭ WKӃ
QjR VӁ ÿѭӧF EjQ WӟL YjR EjL YLӃW WӟL Ӣ ÿk\ FK~QJ WD FKӍ QKuQ YӅ NKtD
FҥQK TXkQ Vӵ Yj [HP ³WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS´ QKѭ WKӃ
QjR WUѭӟF Vӵ KRi SKpS FӫD FiF Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF

1JD\ Wӯ WKiQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm EҳW ÿҫX QK~QJ WD\ YjR ÿLӅX
NKLӇQ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Yj WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ Ju Pj FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
1DP QKұQ ӣ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Wӯ WKұS QLrQ FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ K{P QD\ WKu OjP
VDR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP OҥL NK{QJ SKҧL WUҧ OҥL EҵQJ FiFK FҳW ÿҩW
GkQJ ELӇQ FKR 7UXQJ 4XӕF

&+,ӂ1 'ӎ&+ ĈÐ1* .+Ç

&NJQJ EҳW ÿҫX Wӯ WKӡL ÿLӇP Qj\ YӟL Vӵ WKDP Gӵ FӫD Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 357

7UXQJ 4XӕF V~QJ ÿҥQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF FӝQJ VҧQ PӟL EҳW ÿҫX Pӣ QKӳQJ
WUұQ ÿiQK OӟQ 7URQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK Ĉ{QJ .Kr 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS NӇ OҥL FKLӃQ
GӏFK Qj\ YӟL Vӵ WKDP JLD FӫD ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKѭ VDX

³7{L Pͧ E̫Q ÿ͛ WUuQK Ej\ Y͉ WuQK KuQK ÿ͓FK QKͷQJ OͭF O˱ͫQJ FͯD
WD WKDP JLD FKL͇Q G͓FK U͛L QyL Y͉ SK˱˯QJ iQ WiF FKL͇Q QKͷQJ Oê GR
Pͧ ÿ̯X FKL͇Q G͓FK E̹QJ ÿiQK Ĉ{QJ .Kr 7U̯Q &DQK VDQJ WKD\ ÿ͛QJ
FKt /D 4Xê %D ÿm Y͉ Q˱ͣF ± QKuQ WUrQ E̫Q ÿ͛ K͗L Y͉ ELQK O͹F ÿL̩
KuQK F{QJ V͹ SKzQJ WKͯ FͯD ÿ͓FK W̩L &DR %̹QJ Ĉ{QJ .Kr 7K̭W
.Kr U͛L QyL ³ ĈiQK Ĉ{QJ .Kr ÿ͋ NpR YL͏Q ELQK ÿ͓FK OrQ ÿiQK Oj
FKL͇Q WKX̵W ³ÿiQK ÿL͋P GL͏W YL͏Q´ JL̫L SKyQJ TXkQ 7UXQJ 4X͙F WK˱ͥQJ
GQJ WURQJ FKL͇Q WUDQK FK͙QJ TXkQ 7˱ͧQJ 9L͏W 1DP QrQ Y̵Q GͭQJ
QKL͉X FKL͇Q WKX̵W Qj\ ´ (8)

&+,ӂ1 'ӎ&+ &$2 %Ҵ1*

6ӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK &DR %ҵQJ FNJQJ GR FKtQK NӃ KRҥFK
FӫD Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ KѭӟQJ GүQ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS NӇ OҥL ³ĈRjQ Fӕ YҩQ
7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm Fy PһW ӣ &DR %ҵQJ /ҫQ Qj\ ÿӗQJ FKt 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK ӣ
OҥL Vӣ FKӍ KX\ FQJ YӟL FK~QJ W{L 7ҥL KӝL QJKӏ ÿӗQJ FKt 7UҫQ &DQK Fӕ
YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm SKiW ELӇX QrX OrQ QKӳQJ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD
FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈӗQJ FKt ÿiQK JLi UҩW FDR FKLӃQ GӏFK ELrQ JLӟL U~W UD QKӳQJ
EjL KӑF TXDQ WUӑQJ Yj QyL QKLӅX YӅ EҧQ FKҩW FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL FiFK PҥQJ
6DX KӝL QJKӏ ÿӗQJ FKt 7UҫQ &DQK ÿӗQJ FKt 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK Yj W{L QJӗL
WUDR ÿәL YӟL QKDX WUӅQ QKj VjQ TXDQK PӝW WҩP EҧQ ÿӗ WUҧL UӝQJ ĈӗQJ
FKt 7UҫQ WUӓ QJyQ WD\ YjL FRQ ÿѭӡQJ Vӕ FKҥ\ WKҷQJ Wӯ &DR %ҵQJ YӅ
+j 1ӝL 5ӗL ÿӗQJ FKt YҥFK ED YzQJ WUzQ ӣ 7UXQJ 'X SKtD %ҳF Yj SKtD
1DP +j 1ӝ QyL WLӃS ³3KҧL ED FKLӃQ GӏFK QKѭ FKLӃQ GӏFK %LrQ *LӟL
WKӡL JLDQ NKRҧQJ QăP´

6ӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK ELrQ JLӟL NK{QJ QKӳQJ QKӡ YjR Vӵ
Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Pj FzQ QKӡ YjR Vӵ YLӋQ WUӧ FӫD 0DR
7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WK~ QKұQ ³1KkQ GkQ WӍQK 7ӍQK 4XҧQJ
7k\ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm KӃW OzQJ ÿyQJ JyS OѭѫQJ WKӵF FKR FKLӃQ GӏFK
1KӳQJ ÿRjQ [H YұQ WҧL FӫD TXkQ JLҧL SKyQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKҥ\ WKkX
ÿrP Fҧ WKiQJ UzQJ WUrQ QKӳQJ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ FӱD NKҭX 9LӋW 1DP ± 7UXQJ
4XӕF 7tQK ÿӃQ KӃW QăP WD ÿm WLӃS QKұQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF
WҩQ YNJ NKt ÿҥQ GѭӧF WҩQ TXkQ WUDQJ TXkQ GөQJ WҩQ JҥR
WҩQ WKXӕF Yj GөQJ Gө TXkQ \ WҩQ KjQJ TXkQ JLӟL { W{ WҩQ
[ăQJ GҫX 9LӋQ WUӧ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj QJXӗQ FXQJ FiS TXDQ WUӑQJ Yj
KLӋX TXҧ FKR FKLӃQ GӏFK ´

358 LONG ĐIỀN

4XD QKӳQJ Ju 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WK~ QKұQ WKu U} UjQJ FiL JӑL Oj ³FXӝF
NKiQJ FKLӃQ WKҫQ WKiQK´ FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӅX KRjQ WRjQ GR
7UXQJ 4XӕF OmQK ÿҥR PӑL PһW &KӍ NKiF Oj WKkQ [iF FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW
1DP ÿm Eӏ OӧL GөQJ GѭӟL FKLrX EjL NKiQJ 3KiS ÿӭQJ UD KӭQJ ÿҥQ FKR ê
ÿӗ OjP Ei FKӫ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ FӫD ÿӃ TXӕF /LrQ ;{ Yj 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ
6ӵ OӋ WKXӝF FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP YjR 7UXQJ 4XӕF QһQJ ÿӃQ ÿӝ
QJD\ WҥL KӝL QJKӏ *HQqYH YjR QăP FKtQK &KX ÆQ /DL Oj QJѭӡL ÿm
ÿӅ QJKӏ SKҧL FKLD ÿ{L 9LӋW 1DP WҥL V{QJ %ӃQ +ҧL /ӡL ÿӅ QJKӏ FӫD &KX
ÆQ /DL ÿm OjP SKiL ÿRjQ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP UҩW QJҥF QKLrQ QKѭQJ FDP
WkP FXӕL ÿҫX FKҩS QKұQ &KL WLӃW YӅ YҩQ ÿӅ Qj\ VӁ ÿѭӧF WUuQK Ej\ WURQJ
EjL NӃ WLӃS

&+,ӂ1 'ӎ&+ 7581* '8

9Ӆ FKLӃQ GӏFK ÿiQK YQJ WUXQJ GX Yj ÿӗQJ EҵQJ 9} 1JX\ӉQ *LiS
FNJQJ OҥQK FKkQ NK{QJ ELӃW SKҧL ÿiQK QKѭ WKӃ QjR QrQ ÿm SKҧL KӓL Fӕ
YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ± 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK ³W{L WUDR ÿәL YӟL ÿӗQJ FKt
9L 4XӕF 7KDQK YӅ QKӳQJ WKXұQ OӧL Yj NKy NKăQ NKL Eӝ ÿӝL FKX\ӇQ YӅ
WiF FKLӃQ ӣ WUXQJ GX Yj ÿӗQJ EҵQJ %ҥQ JLӟL WKLӋX YӟL FK~QJ WD FKLӃQ
WKXұW ³E{Q WұS´ FӫD *LҧL SKyQJ TXkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF %ӝ ÿӝL VӁ WU~ TXkQ
FiFK ÿӏFK NKRҧQJ NP QJRjL WҫP SKiR FӫD FK~QJ EҩW WKҫQ WLӃS FұQ
ÿiQK ÿӏFK EDQ ÿrP ´

7581* 48Ӕ& 0Ӝ7 0Î1+ .+Ð1* 7+ӆ 0Ӣ +$, 0Һ7 75Ұ1

7URQJ O~F FӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF YLӋQ WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ Yj WKDR W~QJ ÿҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP YӅ PӑL PһW VӁ WUuQK Ej\ WURQJ PӝW EjL NKiF WURQJ
FXӝF FKLӃQ ÿiQK 3KiS WKu FXӝF FKLӃQ 7ULӅX 7LrQ [m\ UD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿѭD
FKt QJX\ӋQ TXkQ VDQJ Kӛ WUӧ %ҳF +jQ ÿiQK YӟL TXkQ ÿӝL +RD .Ǥ WҥL EiQ
ÿҧR 7ULӅX 7LrQ &KLӃQ WKXұW O~F ÿy FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj ÿiQK ELӇQ
QJѭӡL Oҩ\ Vӕ ÿ{QJ YӟL K\ YӑQJ Oj ÿq EҽS ÿѭӧF TXkQ +RD .Ǥ 1KѭQJ
WKӵF FKҩW O~F ҩ\ Oj Yu YNJ NKt FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Km\ FzQ WK{ Vѫ VR YӟL 0ӻ
QrQ SKҧL [ӱ GөQJ ÿӃQ Vӕ ÿ{QJ ÿӇ NKRҧ OҩS ÿL Vӵ \ӃX NpP YӅ PһW Nӻ
WKXұW

7URQJ O~F YѭӟQJ EұQ YӟL PһW WUұQ 7ULӅX 7LrQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF YүQ
NK{QJ PXӕQ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Pӣ QKӳQJ WUұQ ÿiQK OӟQ YӟL 3KiS
Yu Vӧ UҵQJ QӃX 0ӻ QKҧ\ YjR Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ FӭX 3KiS WKu 7UXQJ 4XӕF
NK{QJ WKӇ QjR PӝW PuQK ÿiQK PӝW O~F Fҧ KDL FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ 9ө Qj\ 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS ÿm Kp Oӝ FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ WuQK KuQK O~F ҩ\ QKѭ VDX ³7{L
WUDR ÿәL YӟL ÿӗQJ FKt 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK YӅ SKѭѫQJ KѭӟQJ Pӣ FKLӃQ GӏFK
Ĉ{QJ ;XkQ $QK 9L QyL ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ ÿm EjQ EҥF QKLӅX OҫQ 4XkQ 3KiS
Fy QKLӅX SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ OҥL Fѫ ÿӝQJ WUrQ QKӳQJ QӝL WX\ӃQ Ӣ 7ULӅX 7LrQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 359

TXkQ ÿӝL 7ULӅX 7LrQ Yj &Kt 1JX\ӋQ 4XkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKӫ \ӃX WKҳQJ
ÿӏFK EҵQJ Vӕ ÿ{QJ .Ky NKăQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP YүQ Oi tW TXkQ ĈӗQJ FKt 9L
FkQ QKҳF UӗL QyL WLӃS W{L VҳS YӅ %ҳF .LQK /ҫQ Qj\ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VӁ Fy ê NLӃQ YӟL FiF ÿӗQJ FKt 9LӋW 1DP´

³ËW OkX VDX QJj\ ÿӗQJ FKt 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK YӅ %ҳF .LQK WUXQJ ѭѫQJ
ĈҧQJ WD QKұQ ÿѭӧF WKѭ FӫD ÿӗQJ FKt /D 4Xê %D 7URQJ WKѭ ÿӗQJ FKt
/D YLӃW YӟL WuQK KuQK KLӋQ QD\ WӕW QKҩW Oj 9LӋW 1DP QrQ TXD\ YӅ FKLӃQ
WUDQK GX NtFK &y OӁ FiF ÿӗQJ FKt 7UXQJ 4XӕF ( 1*Ҥ, 6Ӏ 7È, ',ӈ1
Ӣ 9,ӊ7 1$0 0Ӝ7 7Î1+ +8Ӕ1* *,Ӕ1* 1+Ѭ Ӣ 75,ӄ8 7,Ç1
7521* /Ò& 7581* 48Ӕ& &+Ѭ$ 6Ҷ1 6¬1*´

4XD ÿRҥQ NӇ ӣ WUrQ FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FK~QJ WD Fy WKӇ NӃW OXұQ
UҵQJ WҩW Fҧ FiF FKLӃQ GӏFK TXkQ Vӵ ÿiQK 3KiS QKѭ WKӃ QjR KRjQ WRjQ
FKR WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ %ҳF .LQK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK 5} UjQJ PӝW ÿLӅX Oj 7UXQJ
4XӕF FKӍ PXӕQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿiQK Oҿ Wҿ ÿӇ NKXҩ\ UӕL TXkQ 3KiS WURQJ O~F
7UXQJ 4XӕF Km\ FzQ EұQ WD\ ErQ 7ULӅX 7LrQ +D\ QyL PӝW FiFK WUҳQJ
WUӧQ KѫQ Oj QӅQ ÿӝF OұS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP QKDQK KD\ FKұP Yj ÿӃQ YjR O~F
QjR Oj GR 7UXQJ 4XӕF TX\ӃW ÿӏQK

&È, *Î &lj1* 3+Ҧ, &Ï &Ӕ 9Ҩ1 48Æ1 6Ӵ 7581* 48Ӕ&

7URQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK +Rj %uQK ÿm FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ ÿӗQJ FKt ³9}
1JX\rQ´ FKҷQJ Fy PӝW Wt NLӃQ WKӭF TXkQ Vӵ QjR Fҧ Pj EҩW Fӭ FiL Ju
FNJQJ ÿӅX SKҧL KӓL SKҧL Fy ê NLӃQ FӫD Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF
7URQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK +Rj %uQK NKL +RjQJ 9ăQ 7KiL ÿӃQ JһS *LiS ÿӇ WUuQK
Ej\ KDL SKѭѫQJ iQ ÿiQK ÿӏFK 1JKH [RQJ *LiS QyL ³é NLӃQ FӫD ÿӗQJ
FKt Fӕ YҩQ >7UXQJ 4XӕF@ YӅ WKDP PѭX WKӃ QjR" 7{L KӓL ´

³$QK +RjQJ 9ăQ 7KiL QyL ĈӗQJ FKt 0DL Wӓ YӁ Gq GһW ´

&+,ӂ1 'ӎ&+ Ĉ,ӊ1 %,Ç1 3+Ӫ

&KLӃQ WKҳQJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ Fy SKҧL GR WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS" 6DX WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ FiF JLӟL EiR FKt 7k\ 3KѭѫQJ
WKѭӡQJ Fy FiL QKuQ QJѭӥQJ Pӝ WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ FӫD *LiS Yj PmL FKR
ÿӃQ QăP PӛL OҫQ QKҳF ÿӃQ PӝW FKLӃQ WKҳQJ TXkQ Vӵ QjR ÿy
NK{QJ DL OҥL NK{QJ QKҳF ÿӃQ *LiS 7XҫQ EiR 7LPHV Vӕ WKiQJ
ÿm ÿăQJ KuQK FӫD *LiS QJD\ WUDQJ EuD EiR YӟL QKDQ ÿӅ *LiS Oj WiF JLҧ
FKLӃQ GӏFK WәQJ F{QJ NtFK 0ұX 7KkQ

/~F Eҩ\ JLӡ WKu QKѭ WKӃ QKѭQJ VDX Qj\ FKtQK *LiS ÿm Wӵ WK~ QKLӅX
ÿLӅX tW DL QJӡ UҵQJ QJD\ Fҧ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ Wӯ NӃ KRҥFK FKR
ÿӃQ FKLӃQ WKXұW KjQK TXkQ ÿӅX GR Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK
quyӃW ÿӏQK

360 LONG ĐIỀN

4XkQ 3KiS WU~ ÿyQJ WҥL OzQJ FKҧR ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ VDX Qj\ Fy NӇ OҥL
Kӑ UҩW QJҥF QKLrQ YӅ OӕL ÿiQK JLDR WK{QJ KjR FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL 9LӋW 0LQK
O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ 7KӡL ҩ\ NK{QJ PӝW DL KLӇX TXkQ ÿӝL 9LӋW 0LQK KӑF FKLӃQ
WKXұW ÿiQK JLDR WK{QJ KjR Wӯ ÿkX .KRҧQJ WKӡL JLDQ ÿy NK{QJ DL ELӃW Fy
Vӵ FKӍ ÿҥR FӫD Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yu +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm UD OӋQK
WҩW Fҧ SKҧL JLӳ Et PұW YӅ Vӵ KLӋQ GLӋQ FӫD ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ

7URQJ FXӕQ ³ĈLrQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ĈLӇP +ҽQ /ӏFK 6ӱ´ GR 9} 1JX\rQ
*LiS YLӃW Yj [XҩW EҧQ YjR QăP *LiS ÿm JLҧL ÿiS FiL WKҳF PҳF
FӫD TXkQ 3KiS WU~ ÿyQJ WҥL ĈLrQ %LrQ UҵQJ FKL͇Q WKX̵W ÿiQK ³JLDR
WK{QJ KjR´ FKR FKtQK FiF F͙ Y̭Q TXkQ V͹ 7UXQJ 4X͙F ÿ͉ UD *LiS YLӃW
³1Jj\ ÿ̯X [XkQ *LiS 1J͕ W{L VDQJ OiQ FͯD ÿ͛QJ FKt 9L 4X͙F
7KDQK FK~F 7͇W ÿRjQ F͙ Y̭Q TXkQ V͹ 7UXQJ 4X͙F Yu V͹ QJKL͏S NKiQJ
FKL͇Q FͯD QKkQ GkQ 9L͏W 1DP SK̫L WL͇S WͭF ăQ P͡W FiL 7͇W ͗ QJD\ P̿W
WU̵Q Ĉ͛QJ FKt 9L YXL Yͅ FK~F PQJ Ĉ͛QJ FKt FKR EL͇W VDX NKL SKkQ
WtFK U} Y͉ FK͟ P̩QK FK͟ \͇X FͯD ÿ͓FK Yj WD FiF F͙ Y̭Q ÿ͉X QK̭W WUt
YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WKD\ ÿәL SKѭѫQJ FKkP FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈӗQJ FKt ÿm ÿӅ
QJKӏTXkQ Xӹ 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ Yj Eӝ WәQJ WKDP PѭX TXkQ JLҧL SKyQJ
nhân dân 7UXQJ 4X͙F J͵L VDQJ J̭S QKͷQJ WjL OL͏X W͝QJ N͇W NLQK
QJKL͏P FKL͇Q ÿ̭X PͣL QK̭W ͧ 7UL͉X 7LrQ QK̭W Oj NLQK QJKL͏P [k\ G͹QJ
WU̵Q ÿ͓D Yj FKL͇Q ÿ̭X ÿ˱ͥQJ K̯P N͋ F̫ FX͙Q ViFK ³7K˱ͫQJ &DP /ƭQK´
ÿ͋ E͡ ÿ͡L 9L͏W 1DP WKDP NK̫R´

4XD OӡL NӇ ÿy FKtQK *LiS ÿm QKuQ QKұQ UҵQJ FKtQK FiF Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ
Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Qj\ Oj 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK ÿm FKӫ WUѭѫQJ
WKD\ ÿәL SKѭѫQJ FKkP FKLӃQ GӏFK WURQJ WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ 0ӝW WURQJ
QKӳQJ Vӵ WKD\ ÿәL ÿy Oj ÿiQK EҵQJ JLDR WK{QJ KjR 1JKƭD Oj *LiS FKӍ
Oj F{QJ Fө WKL KjQK WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ FKӍ ÿҥR GR ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ
4XӕF ÿѭD UD Pj WK{L FKӭ WKұW WjL TXkQ Vӵ FӫD *LiS KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ Fy
+jR TXDQJ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ Pj Eҩ\ OkX QD\ ĈҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
1DP YүQ WKѭӡQJ JҳQ FKR *LiS OӁ UD SKҧL QrQ JҳQ FKR 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK
Yj ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF PӟL ÿ~QJ

0XӕQ WKD\ ÿәL FKLӃQ WKXұW ÿiQK QKѭ WKӃ QjR *LiS FNJQJ NK{QJ GiP
TXD PһW ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ Vӵ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Pj SKҧL WUuQK Ej\ Yj [LQ
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Wӯ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ *LiS NӇ ³6iQJ QJj\ WKiQJ ÿӗQJ
FKt 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK QJҥF QKLrQ QKuQ W{L UӗL KӓL µ 7UұQ ÿiQK VҳS EҳW ÿҫX
ÿӅ QJKӏ ÿӗQJ FKt 9} 7әQJ FKR ELӃW WuQK KuQK WӟL O~F Qj\ UD VDR"´

*LiS NӇ WLӃS ³Ĉy FNJQJ Oj YҩQ ÿӅ W{L PXӕQ WUDR ÿәL YӟL ÿӗQJ FKt
WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ¶ &XӝF WUDR ÿәL JLӳD W{L Yj ÿӗQJ FKt 9L GLӉQ UD NKRҧQJ QӱD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 361

JLӡ 7{L QJKƭ ÿӗQJ FKt 9L VӁ NK{QJ GӉ GjQJ WKX\ӃW SKөF FiF FKX\rQ JLD
>WURQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ@ ÿm FKR UҵQJ FKӍ Fy FiFK ÿiQK QKDQK WKҳQJ QKDQK
PӟL JLjQK WKҳQJ OӧL ´

7URQJ O~F EjQ EҥF YӟL FiF FiQ Eӝ GѭӟL TX\ӅQ WURQJ ĈҧQJ 8ӹ 0һW
7UұQ YӅ FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ QJѭӡL ÿѭD ê NLӃQ SKҧL ÿiQK QKDQK
QJѭӡL ÿѭD ê NLӃQ FҫQ ÿiQK FKұP QKѭQJ FKҳF *LiS FKӍ ELӃW WKkX WyP
WҩW Fҧ FiF ê NLӃQ ÿy UӗL ÿHP ÿӃQ WUuQK Ej\ OҥL YӟL 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK QKӳQJ
ÿLӅX ÿm WKҧR OXұQ FKӭ PһF QKLrQ Fi QKkQ FӫD *LiS KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ
Fy ê NLӃQ Ju KӃW *LiS NӇ ³7{L WKҩ\ FҫQ JһS WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ
Vӵ FӫD EҥQ K\ YӑQJ VӁ Fy Vӵ ÿӗQJ WuQK Oѭҥ FKӑQ SKѭѫQJ iQ ³ÿiQK
QKDQK WKҳQJ QKDQK´

Ӣ ÿk\ WD WKҩ\ UҩW U} Oj *LiS FKӍ ³K\ YӑQJ´ WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ TXkQ
Vӵ 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK ÿӗQJ WuQK YӟL FiF ê NLӃQ FӫD ĈҧQJ 8ӹ 0һW 7UұQ ÿѭD
UD FKӭ NK{QJ GiP Wӵ PuPK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK QJѭӧF OҥL YӟL QKӳQJ Ju ÿm ÿѭӧF
ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ kQ ÿӏQK Wӯ WUѭӟF

&KtQK Yu NK{QJ Fy WjL FiQ Ju FKR QrQ VDX Qj\ *LiS ÿm Eӏ ĈҧQJ FKR
OjP Eӝ WUѭӣQJ Eӝ NӃ KRҥFK KRi JLD ÿuQK &Kӭ TXҧ WKұW QӃX *LiS Oj PӝW
Yӏ WѭӟQJ Fy WjL WKұW Yj Fy F{QJ WKұW WURQJ FiF FKLӃQ GӏFK ÿiQK 3KiS WKu
FKҷQJ DL OҥL ÿӕL [ӱ YӟL PӝW Yӏ WѭӟQJ Fy F{QJ QKѭ WKӃ

4XD QKӳQJ Ju 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS NӇ FK~QJ WD PӟL WKҩ\ OX{Q Fҧ Vӵ Oӕ
EӏFK FӫD ĈҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP NKL FiF YăQ Q{ FӝQJ VҧQ UD FiF PӝW
ORҥW FiF ViFK YӟL QKDQ ÿӅ ³Wѭ WѭӣQJ TXkQ Vӵ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ ³%iF +ӗ
EjQ YӅ 'X .tFK &KLӃQ´ YӟL PөF ÿtFK ÿiQK EyQJ KuQK ҧQK FӫD +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK QKѭQJ WKӵF FKҩW WҩW Fҧ FiF EjL YLӃW YӅ TXkQ Vӵ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK Yj 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ÿӅX Oj QKӳQJ EҧQ FyS Gr OҥL FiF EjL YLӃW FӫD
0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ VӁ Fy EjL QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ ÿӅ WjL Qj\ WURQJ OҫQ WӟL

.ӂ7 /8Ұ1

7ҥL VDR SKҧL PӝW OҫQ FKR WҩW Fҧ OӝW WUҫQ FKkQ WѭӟQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS " WҥL VDR WD OҥL SKҧL UD F{QJ ÿҥS ÿә FiF WKҫQ
WѭӧQJ GR ÿҧQJ &691 GӵQJ QrQ WD SKҧL ÿұS WDQ FiF {QJ EuQK Y{L ÿDQJ
UrX SKRQJ ӣ JӕF Fk\ ÿD OӏFK Vӱ "

/j Yu FiF KuQK WѭӧQJ EL KjL Qj\ ÿDQJ OjP FҧQ ÿѭӡQJ WLӃQ OrQ FӫD OӏFK
Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP ÿDQJ OjP FKQJ EѭӟF YѭѫQ WӟL FӫD 4XӕF 'kQ 9LӋW 1DP
7Kӱ KuQK GXQJ Pj [HP FzQ KuQK ҧQK EL KjL QjR KѫQ KuQK ҧQK PӝW
QJѭӡL ÿDQJ Fӕ KӃW VӭF EѫL OӝL Eu E}P WURQJ YNJQJ QѭӟF Pj QӃX QJѭѫL
ÿy ÿӭQJ OrQ WKu PӵF QѭӟF FKӍ QJDQJ ÿҫX JӕL %L KjL KѫQ QӳD Oj QJѭӡL
ÿy NK{QJ FzQ QәL FiL ê WKӭF Oj QӃX ÿӭQJ OrQ WKu QJѭӡL ÿy VӁ QKұQ QJD\

362 LONG ĐIỀN

UD Oj PӵF QѭӟF NK{QJ VkX ÿӃQ ÿӝ DQK WD KD\ FKӏ SKҧL NKә F{QJ JҳQJ
VӭF EѫL QKѭ WKӃ

+LӇX ELӃW QѫL FiF QѭӟF WLrQ WLӃQ EDR OD QKѭ ÿҥL GѭѫQJ %ҩW Fӭ
ngành nào ta lao vào,, WD FNJQJ Fy WKӇ EѫL PmL Pj NK{QJ WKҩ\ EӃQ Eӡ
WD Fy WKӇ OһQ VkX [XRQJ PmL Pj NK{QJ ÿөQJ ÿӃQ ÿi\ 0ӛL EӃQ Eӡ
WѭӣQJ FKӯQJ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF OҥL QJD\ OұS WӭF Pӣ UD PӝW EӃQ Eӡ PӟL Yj YӟL
Oj Qә OӵF Yj OzQJ VD\ Pr NKiP SKi ÿӇ FKLQK SKөF EӃQ Eӡ ÿm ÿѭӧF WUL
WKӭF ÿҭ\ UD [D YӅ SKtD WUѭӟF 0ӛL ÿi\ WҫQJ WѭӣQJ, FKӯQJ FKҥP SKҧL
OҥL QJD\ OұS WӭF Pӣ UD PӝW YӵF WKҷP FKyQJ PһW 7ҩW Fҧ NK{QJ QJӯQJ
ÿѭӧF WӟL [D KѫQ VkX KѫQ 7UrQ FKһQJ ÿѭӡQJ NKiP SKi WUL WKӭF
PӛL WUҥP GӯQJ ÿkX FKӍ Oj QJҳQ KҥQ PӛL WKjQK TXҧ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF ÿkX FKӍ
Oj WҥP WKӡL QJҳQ Yj WҥP Oj Yu OҩS OiQK ӣ [D Oj QKӳQJ NKiP SKi PӟL
7ѭ WѭӣQJ QӃX Fy WKӇ FKR ÿy Oj Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS
Yj Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD FiF WKҫQ WѭӧQJ Pj ÿҧQJ &691 GӵQJ QrQ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF Oj
DR QѭӟF QJDQJ ÿӃQ ÿҫX JӕL Pj FKӍ QKѭ QKӳQJ YNJQJ QѭӟF ÿӑQJ OҥL QѫL
YӃW FKkQ WUkX Ҩ\ WKӃ Pj TXӕF GkQ 9LӋW 1DP FiF WKӃ KӋ WUҿ 9LӋW 1DP
Fӭ Eӏ EXӝF SKҧL EѫL WURQJ FiF YNJQJ QѭӟF ÿy &zQ Ju EL KjL KѫQ WKӃ

9u PXӕQ FKҩP GӭW KuQK ҧQK EL KjL ÿy Pj WD GX\ӋW OҥL Yj ÿҥS ÿә WҩW
Fҧ QKӳQJ WKҫQ WѭӧQJ Pj ÿҧQJ &691 GӵQJ QrQ

http://www.thongluan.org/vn/modules.php?name=News&file=arti
cle&sid=2820 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS PӝW Vӵ QJKLӋS ÿҫ\ WKăQJ WUҫP

³&NJQJ QrQ OѭX ê Oj WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ WUDQK FKҩS TX\ӅQ OӵF JLӳD
9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Yj PӝW Vӕ FKӍ KX\ TXkQ Vӵ NKiF ÿm EҳW ÿҫX PDQK QKD
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WUӵF WLӃS FKLӃQ ÿҩX SKr EuQK,9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FKӍ Oj PӝW
FҩS FKӍ KX\ YăQ SKzQJ FKӭ NK{QJ WUrQ FKLӃQ ÿӏD 1JD\ WURQJ ÿӝL 7X\rQ
7UX\ӅQ *LҧL 3KyQJ 4XkQ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Oj FҩS FKӍ KX\ TXkQ Vӵ WәQJ
TXiW QKѭQJ +RjQJ 6kP Yj 'ѭѫQJ 0ҥF 7KҥFK ;tFK 7KҳQJ PӟL Oj FiF
FҩS FKӍ KX\ WUӵF,WLӃS WUrQ WKӵF ÿӏD 9ӟL WKӡL JLDQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OtQK FKӍ
SKөF WQJ FiF FDS FKӍ KX\ TXkQ Vӵ WUӵF WLӃS FӫD KR WUrQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJw
QKѭ FiF {QJ &KX 9ăQ 7ҩQ +RjQJ 9ăQ 7KiL Y Y

´7KHR PӝW QJXӗQ Vӱ OLӋX JҫQ ÿk\ FKR ELӃW QKj QJKLrQ FӭX TXkQ Vӱ
0HUOH 3ULEEHQRZ FӵX FKX\rQ YLrQ QJ{Q QJӳ KӑF WKXӝF Fѫ TXDQ WuQK EiR
&,$ FӫD 0ӻ WiF JLҧ FXӝF WәQJ F{QJ NtFK 7ӃW 0ұX 7KkQ Oj FiF {QJ
/r 'XҭQ Yj 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ WURQJ NKL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS
ÿӅX Eӏ Y{ KLӋX KRi Yu NK{QJ ӫQJ Kӝ JLҧL SKiS WiR EҥR Qj\ ´

&iF QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP
1945-1975 :

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 363

Trong hӗi ký cӫa Võ Nguyên Giáp trong quyӇn Con Ĉѭӡng Tӟi
ĈiӋn Biên Phӫ (1945-1950) :

“Cách m̩ng Trung Hoa thành công ÿ̿t ra cho chúng ta nhi͏m vͭ
tr˱ͣc m̷t ph̫i nhanh chóng gi̫i phóng m͡t vùng biên giͣi phía b̷c
ti͇p giáp vͣi kh͙i xã h͡i chͯ nghƭa. Ĉây sͅ là h̵u ph˱˯ng lͣn cͯa cách
m̩ng ba n˱ͣc Ĉông D˱˯ng. Ch͑ có mͧ thông ÿ˱ͥng giao l˱u qu͙c t͇,
ta mͣi có ÿi͉u ki͏n ti͇p nh̵n s͹ chi vi͏n tͳ các n˱ͣc anh em.79”

1- Rӓ ràng là Võ Nguyên Giáp và ÿҧng CSVN là công cө,là tay
sai cho Chӫ Nghiã Cӝng Sҧn Quӕc TӃ.Hӑ chiӃn dҩu là vì quyӅn lӧi cӫa
CSQT chӟ ÿâu phҧi vì quyӅn lӧi cӫa ÿҩt nѭӟc ViӋt Nam .Vì nhӳng
lҿ ÿó mà sau nҫy Hoa KǤ và các nѭӟc Phѭѫng Tây ÿã tӯ chӕi giúp
ÿӣ cho VN thoát khӓi chӃ ÿӝ Thӵc Dân Pháp vì hӑ lo sӧ tên tay sai
CSQT trá hình nҫy .Không phҧi dӇ dàng tìm thҩy các chӭng cӭ CSVN lӋ
thuӝc vào Cӝng sҧn Quӕc TӃ vì chúng luôn che dҩu ,nhѭng trong trích ÿoҥn
vӯa kӇ chúng ta thҩy sӣ dӍ có Trұn ĈiӋn Biên Phӫ là do nhu cҫu cӫa Trung
Cӝng chӭ không phҧi cӫa chính ViӋt Nam.Lúc nҫy CSVN công khai nhұn
viӋn trӧ cӫa khӕi CSQT chӭ không còn che dҩu nhѭ thӡi kǤ 1945 lúc nào
Hӗ Chí Minh cNJng xác nhұn mình không phҧi là Cӝng Sҧn.

http://www.thongluan.org/vn/modules.php?name=News&file=arti
cle&sid=2820

2-Vӓ Nguyên Giáp là kҿ hiӃu sát, ÿҭy các thanh niên ViӋt Nam
vào chә chӃt,vào mӝt cuӝc chiӃn không cҫn thiӃt,vì Hoa KǤ, lӵc lѭӧng
ÿӗng minh cӫa MiӅn Nam VN chѭa bao giӡ có ý ÿӏnh cai trӏ, thôn tính
ViӋt Nam.Sӵ có mһt cӫa Hoa KǤ là ÿӇ ngăn chһn CSQT mà thôi.

Khi cuӝc tәng tҩn công TӃt Mұu Thân bҳt ÿҫu, dѭ luұn trên thӃ giӟi
ÿӅu cho rҵng Võ Nguyên Giáp muӕn dҵn mһt quân ÿӝi Hoa KǤ lúc ÿó
ÿang hiӋn diӋn ÿông ÿҧo tҥi miӅn Nam, trên 500.000 ngѭӡi. Dѭ luұn
quӕc tӃ cho rҵng Võ Nguyên Giáp ÿã vi phҥm mӝt sai lҫm chiӃn lѭӧc
khi muӕn ÿi tҳt ÿӃn chiӃn thҳng trong chiӃn tranh, hѫn 125.000 quân
tinh nhuӋ cӫa phe cӝng sҧn ÿã bӏ tiêu diӋt trong ba cuӝc tәng tҩn công
tháng 1, tháng 5 và tháng 8-1968. Phҧi ÿӧi ÿӃn ba năm sau, năm 1971,
phe cӝng sҧn mӟi xây dӵng lҥi ÿѭӧc lӵc lѭӧng.

http://vnthuquan.net/(X(1)S(hsbtoc55jcpgfr45lqk4ps55))/
truyen/truyen.aspx?tid=2qtqv3m3237nnn3nm31n343tq83a3q3m3
237nvn Mây Mù ThӃ Kӹ cӫa Bùi Tín:

“Tôi còn nhӟ hӗi năm 1965, khi cho ý kiӃn vӅ bình luұn quân sӵ,
tѭӟng Võ Nguyên Giáp có nói riêng vӟi mҩy phóng viên quân sӵ báo

364 LONG ĐIỀN

4XkQ ÿӝL QKkQ GkQ UҵQJ ³0ӻ YjR FKӯQJ PѭӡL EӕQ PѭӡL OăP YҥQ ÿm
WKjQK YҩQ ÿӅ JD\ JR ӣ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ 1ӃX Vӕ TXkQ 0ӻ OrQ ÿӃQ KDL PѭѫL
YҥQ KRһF KѫQ QӳD WKu VӁ UҩW JD\ JR FKR SKtD WD ´

³7URQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK YӟL 0ӻ Wӯ NKL FKLӃQ WUDQK EQJ Qә QăP
ÿӃQ NKL NӃW WK~F WKiQJ {QJ *LiS FKѭD KӅ YjR FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ
PLӅQ 1DP ÐQJ FKӍ VӕQJ ӣ 9LӋW %ҳF Yj +j 1ӝL ÐQJ FKӍ KX\ Wӯ FKLӃF KҫP
FKӍ KX\ FӫD Eӝ 4XӕF SKzQJ QҵP WURQJ VkQ FXQJ YXD /r FNJ ӣ JҫQ FӝW Fӡ
Fә FӫD +j 1ӝL ÐQJ FKӍ ÿL FQJ 3KL ÿHQ &iW [WU{ YjR 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WUrQ
TXmQJ ÿѭӡQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PӝW ÿRҥQ QJҳQ VDX KLӋS ÿӏQK 3DULV ÿѭӧF Nê
'R Yұ\ QrQ NKL JһS FiF QKj EiR TXӕF WӃ KD\ FiF ÿRjQ ÿҥL ELӇX TXkQ
Vӵ /LrQ [{ 7UXQJ 4XӕF &+'& ĈӭF &X %D NKL QyL YӅ FKLӃQ WUDQK
FKӕQJ 3KiS YӅ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ WѭӟQJ *LiS EDR JLӡ FNJQJ V{L QәL VLQK
ÿӝQJ KѫQ NKL QyL YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ YӟL +RD .Ǥ

6DX NKL FKLӃQ WUDQK NӃW WK~F QKҩW Oj YjR QăP NKL EҩW ÿҫX
EѭӟF YjR ³ÿәL PӟL´ X\ WtQ WѭӟQJ *LiS OrQ NKi FDR .KL EҫX ÿҥL ELӇX
ÿL Gӵ ĈҥL KӝL ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9, WURQJ ĈҥL KӝL ÿҧQJ WRjQ TXkQ {QJ
ÿѭӧF WtQ QKLӋP UҩW FDR 1KLӅX QJѭӡL QJKƭ {QJ Fy WKӇ WK~F ÿҭ\ TXi
WUuQK GkQ FKӫ KyD KzD QKұS YӟL SKѭѫQJ 7k\ Wӯ Eӓ JLiR ÿLӅX 1KѭQJ
{QJ TXi Gq GһW H QJҥL DQ SKұQ Fӡ ÿm ÿӃQ WD\ Pj NK{QJ SKҩW *LӟL
WUt WKӭF Vƭ TXDQ WKҩW YӑQJ YӅ {QJ Ĉk\ Oj WUѭӡQJ KӧS ÿLӇQ KuQK FKR
WKҩ\ PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ JLiR ÿLӅX Fy WKӇ WLrX Kӫ\ PӝW WjL QăQJ QKѭ WKӃ QjR
+ӗL FzQ ӣ WURQJ QѭӟF W{L UҩW TXê PӃQ WѭӟQJ *LiS ĈӃQ ÿҥL KӝL FXӕL
QăP X\ WtQ {QJ OrQ NKi FDR {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿҥL KӝL ÿҧQJ WRjQ TXkQ
Yj PӝW Vӕ QJjQK ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ QKҳF ÿӃQ QKѭ PӝW QKkQ YұW FӫD WuQK WKӃ
QKѭQJ {QJ GR Gӵ NK{QJ TX\ӃW ÿRiQ ĈӇ WU{L TXD PӝW Fѫ KӝL FӵF KLӃP"
7{L JLҧP JKr JӟP QLӅP WLQ ӣ {QJ Wӯ ÿy 0ӝW Vӕ Vƭ TXDQ Yj FiQ Eӝ FKr
{QJ Oj KqQ Oj QKiW NK{QJ GiP ErQK YӵF OӁ SKҧL F{QJ Oê NK{QJ
GiP GҩQ WKkQ FKR GkQ FKӫ 1D\ {QJ ÿm JLj 7ѭ GX\ OҥL NK{QJ ÿәL PӟL
NӏS 9u VDR {QJ QJҥL" 9u NLQK FXQJ FKL ÿLӇX Ĉm Eӏ ÿH Eӏ GӑD Eӏ JLiP
ViW QKLӅX OҫQ {QJ ÿkP UD Vӧ {QJ FzQ Vӧ Eӏ KLӇX OҫP Oj WKDP TX\ӅQ
Fӕ Yӏ Oj WUDQK JLjQK TX\ӅQ OӵF GR ÿӝQJ Fѫ Fi QKkQ 9үQ Oj VX\ QJKƭ
OҭQ WKҭQ Wӯ Fi QKkQ PuQK NK{QJ Yu ÿӝQJ OӵF FӭX GkQ FӭX QѭӟF Y{
Wѭ WURQJ ViQJ ÐQJ FNJQJ Fy WKӇ QJKƭ Vӵ QJKLӋS Fi QKkQ ÿӃQ WKӃ Oj OӟQ
Oj TXê OҳP UӗL Fӕ JLӳ FKR NKӓL Oӑ OHP WK{L ' VDR FNJQJ FKӍ Fy WKӇ WU{QJ
PRQJ ӣ {QJ ÿӃQ WKӃ WK{L 0ӛL FRQ QJѭӡL ÿӅX Fy SKҫQ OӟQ Yj SKҫQ Ep
SKҫQ ViQJ Yj SKҫQ WӕL ´

htp://community.vietfun.com/showthread.php?t=558023

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 365

3--&RQ QJѭӡL FӫD 9õ Nguyên Giáp là ÿӝF iF vô cҧP WUѭӟF FiL
FKӃW FӫD FiF ÿӗQJ FKt Eӏ ÿҧQJ NKӫQJ Eӕ WKDQK WUӯQJ Yj FiL FKӃW
FӫD KjQJ WULӋX GkQ OjQK Y{ WӝL Eӏ &691 WKӫ WLrX :

ĈLӅX ÿiQJ WUiFK QKҩW Oj {QJ *LiS NK{QJ GiP FDQ WKLӋS EҧR YӋ
QKӳQJ Vӻ TXDQ WKXӝF TX\ӅQ Eӏ ÿjQ iS EҳW Eӟ KD\ Eӓ W Wӯ 7KѭӧQJ
7ѭӟQJ &KX 9ăQ 7ҩQ 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ ĈһQJ .LP *LDQJ ÿӃQ 7ѭӟQJ
/r /LrP Yj QKLӅX Vӻ TXDQ NKiF ÐQJ NK{QJ KӅ Wӓ UD TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ
QKӳQJ WKXӝF FҩS Eӏ YX FiR WURQJ Yө iQ ;pW /ҥL &KӕQJ ĈҧQJ *ҫQ
ÿk\ KѫQ {QJ FNJQJ OjP QJѫ NKL ĈҥL 7i 3KҥP 4XӃ 'ѭѫQJ Eӏ W Yj
{QJ +RjQJ 0LQK &KtQK PҩW {QJ FNJQJ NK{QJ KӅ Wӓ WKiL ÿӝ.

³ÐQJ Y{ FҧP YӅ FҧQK QKkQ GkQ Eӏ WѭӟF ÿRҥW TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR Yj NK{QJ
KӅ WKҩ\ WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD PuQK WURQJ Yө EҳW Eӟ ÿҫ\ ÿӑD QKӳQJ YLrQ FKӭF
Yj TXkQ QKkQ PLӅQ 1DP WURQJ µ¶FiF WUҥL FҧL WҥR ´ ÐQJ GӱQJ GѭQJ WUѭӟF
WKҧP FҧQK WKX\ӅQ QKkQ Yj ÿm Eӓ Oӥ Fѫ KӝL WKӕQJ QKҩW GkQ WӝF

... 1pW OӟQ QKҩW Oj GѭӟL WKӡL FӫD {QJ *LiS FKLӃQ Vƭ Yj QKkQ GkQ
FKӃW TXi QKLӅX FiL JLi SKҧL WUҧ YӅ QKkQ PҥQJ TXi FDR 3KҫQ OӟQ
Oj GR QJѭӡL 9LӋW JLӃW QKDX PӝW FiFK P TXiQJ KăQJ VD\ Vӕ QJѭӡL
FKӃW Yj Eӏ WKѭѫQJ JҩS KjQJ FKөF OҫQ KjQJ WUăP OҫQ TXkQ 3KiS Yj
TXkQ 0ӻ ĈһF ELӋW Oj VDX FKLӃQ WUDQK QKkQ GkQ YүQ NK{QJ Fy Wӵ
GR GkQ FKӫ WKұW Vӵ Pj FKӍ Fy 7ӵ 'R ĈӝF /ұS 'kQ &Kӫ EiQK YӁ
mà thôi.”

7yP OѭӧF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ QKkQ YұW 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS:

&691 GӵQJ OrQ KX\ӅQ WKӑDL 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WKӵF UD 91* NK{QJ
SKҧL Oj PӝW WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP Pj
Oj 7URQJ WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ FiF NӃ KRҥFK ÿLӅX TXkQ Oj GR FiF Fӕ YҩQ
7UXQJ &ӝQJ FKӍ ÿҥR

9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Oj QJѭӡL KLӃX ViW FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WҩQ F{QJ ³ELӇQ QJѭӡL
´NK{QJ KӅ WKѭѫQJ WLӃF ELQK OtQK GѭӟL TX\ӅQ NK{QJ ÿDX [yW WUѭӟF KjQJ
WULӋX VDQK OLQK Y{ WӝL Eӏ K\ VLQK

&XӝF FKLӃQ 1DP %ҳF Wӯ Oj PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ NK{QJ FҫQ
WKLӃW TXkQ ÿӝL 0LӅQ %ҳF 91 GR 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FKӍ KX\ Eӏ &691
FѭӣQJ EiFK YjR 1DP WKӵF KLӋQ ê ÿӗ [kP OѭӧF 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP
PӝW TXӕF JLD KRjQ WRjQ ÿӝF OұS Yj Fy FKӫ TX\ӅQ Fy KLӃQ SKiS Yj
4XӕF +ӝL ÿӇ ÿLӅX KjQK JXӗQJ Pi\ OұS SKiS Fy FKtQK SKӫ WK{QJ TXD
EҫX Fӱ 7ӵ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ ÿѭӧF TXӕF WӃ F{QJ QKұQ

7ӝL iF FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WUѭӟF OӏFK Vӱ GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP ÿm
ÿѭӧc ghi nhұn trong các bӝ chính sӱ không cӝng sҧn.

366 LONG ĐIỀN

/r 'XҭQ:

/r 'XҭQ

7LӇX Vӱ WKHR ÿҧQJ &691

/r 'XҭQ WKiQJ QăP ± WKiQJ QăP Oj %t WKѭ WKӭ
QKҩW 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ÿӃQ 7әQJ Et
WKѭ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ÿӃQ /r 'XҭQ WrQ WKұW Oj Lê
9ăQ 1KXұQ VLQK WҥL OjQJ %tFK /D [m 7ULӋX Ĉ{QJ KX\ӋQ 7ULӋX 3KRQJ
WӍQK 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ 6DX ÿy FұX Ep /r 'XҭQ WKHR JLD ÿuQK YӅ VLQK VӕQJ WҥL
OjQJ +ұX .LrQ [m 7ULӋX 7KjQK FQJ KX\ӋQ ӣ ErQ NLD GzQJ V{QJ 7KҥFK
+mQ .KX OѭX QLӋP &ӕ 7әQJ %t WKѭ /r 'XҭQ KLӋQ QD\ ÿѭӧF [k\ GӵQJ
WҥL OjQJ +ұX .LrQ [m 7ULӋX 7KjQK

7KiQJ QăP {QJ OjP ӣ 6ӣ +ӓD [D Ĉj 1ҹQJ

1ăP QKkQ YLrQ WKѭ Nê ÿӅ S{ 6ӣ +ӓD [D Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ WҥL +j
1ӝL

1ăP {QJ WKDP JLD 7kQ 9LӋW &iFK PҥQJ ĈҧQJ
1ăP WKDP JLD 9LӋW 1DP 7KDQK QLrQ &iFK PҥQJ ĈӗQJ FKt
+ӝL

1ăP JLD QKұS ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ
1ăP {QJ Oj Ӫ\ YLrQ %DQ WX\rQ KXҩQ ;ӭ ӫ\ %ҳF .Ǥ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ Eӏ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS EҳW WҥL +ҧL 3KzQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 367

Eӏ NӃW iQ QăP W Eӏ JLDP ӣ FiF QKj W +ӓD /z 6ѫQ /D Yj &{Q ĈҧR

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF WUҧ Wӵ GR WLӃS WөF KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ ӣ
7UXQJ .Ǥ 1ăP OjP %t WKѭ ;ӭ ӫ\ 7UXQJ .Ǥ

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ WKѭӡQJ Yө 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ
&XӕL QăP WKDP Gӵ +ӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ OҫQ WKӭ

1ăP Eӏ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS EҳW WҥL 6jL *zQ Eӏ NӃW iQ QăP W Yj
Eӏ ÿj\ UD &{Q ĈҧR OҫQ WKӭ 1ăP &iFK PҥQJ 7KiQJ 7iP WKjQK
F{QJ {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿyQ YӅ ÿҩW OLӅQ

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP YLӋF ErQ FҥQK &Kӫ WӏFK &KtQK SKӫ
/kP WKӡL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

7ӯ ÿӃQ {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ JLӳ FKӭF Yө %t WKѭ ;ӭ ӫ\ 1DP
%ӝ VDX ÿәL WKjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ &өF PLӅQ 1DP &KӭF Yө FKtQK TX\ӅQ
FӫD {QJ FKӍ Oj 7UѭӣQJ SKzQJ GkQ TXkQ WURQJ %ӝ 7ѭ OӋQK 1DP %ӝ GR
1JX\ӉQ %uQK OjP 7ѭ OӋQK

1ăP WҥL ĈҥL KӝL ĈҧQJ OҫQ WKӭ ,, {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ &KҩS
KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ 1ăP {QJ UD 9LӋW %ҳF

7ӯ ÿӃQ {QJ ÿѭӧF SKkQ F{QJ ӣ OҥL PLӅQ 1DP OmQK ÿҥR
FiFK PҥQJ PLӅQ 1DP

&XӕL QăP {QJ UD +j 1ӝL YjR %DQ %t WKѭ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ
FKӫ WUu F{QJ YLӋF FӫD %DQ %t WKѭ Yj Oj 3Ky %DQ FKXҭQ Eӏ YăQ NLӋQ ĈҥL
KӝL WRjQ TXӕF OҫQ WKӭ ,,, FӫD ĈҧQJ

7KiQJ WҥL ĈҥL KӝL WRjQ TXӕF OҫQ WKӭ ,,, FӫD ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ
9LӋW 1DP {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj %ӝ &KtQK
WUӏ JLӳ FKӭF %t WKѭ 7Kӭ QKҩW %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ

7ҥL FiF ĈҥL KӝL WRjQ TXӕF OҫQ WKӭ ,9 Yj OҫQ WKӭ 9
{QJ WLӃS WөF ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ
JLӳ FKӭF 7әQJ %t WKѭ ÿӃQ NKL PҩW ÐQJ FNJQJ ÿҧP QKLӋP FKӭF %t WKѭ
4XkQ ӫ\ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP

7ӯ ĈҥL KӝL 9 GR VӭF NKӓH \ӃX 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ JLDR EӟW PӝW Vӕ
TX\ӅQ FӫD {QJ FKR 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK

ÐQJ Oj ÿҥL ELӇX 4XӕF KӝL Wӯ NKyD ,, ÿӃQ NKyD 9,,

ÐQJ ÿѭӧF WһQJ WKѭӣQJ +XkQ FKѭѫQJ 6DR 9jQJ Yj QKLӅX KXkQ
FKѭѫQJ NKiF

ÐQJ TXD ÿӡL QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL +j1ӝL

-1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FRQ QJѭӡL /r 'XҭQ

368 LONG ĐIỀN

4XD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKkQ FұQ YӟL /r 'XҭQ QKѭ ;XkQ 9NJ Yj 'ѭѫQJ
ĈuQK /{L FK~QJ WD ÿѭӧF ELӃW YӅ FRQ QJѭӡL WKұW FӫD /r 'XmQ QKѭ VDX
/r 'XҭQ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ pP TXkQ FK{Q GҩX YNJ NKt WURQJ WKӡL ÿLӇP vӟL
ê ÿӗ WҩQ F{QJ [kP OѭӧF 0LӅQ 1DP QJD\ NKL +LӋS ĈӏQK *HQqYH FzQ
FKѭD UiR PӵF 80htttp://www.library4vn.com/index.
php?view=story&subjectid=6992 %t ҬQ &XӝF ĈӡL /r 'XҭQ

7iF JLҧ +ӭD +RjQK

³&KX\ӃQ WjX FXӕL FQJ FKұP FKҥS UӡL FӱD V{QJ ÐQJ ĈӕF ErQ
Eӡ GkQ FK~QJ Wө WұS ÿӇ WLӉQ FKkQ WKkQ QKkQ WұS NӃW 0ӑL QJѭӡL QKuQ
WKҩ\ U} UjQJ %t 7Kѭ /r 'XҭQ ÿӭQJ WUrQ ERQJ WjX %LOL[NL ÿѭD WD\ Yү\
ÿӗQJ EjR .KX\D K{P ÿy NKL WjX %LOL[NL YӯD UD NKѫL /r 'XҭQ [XӕQJ
FKLӃF FD Q{ WUӣ OҥL Eӡ 1JѭӡL Wә FKӭF Et PұW YLӋF Qj\ Oj 9} 9ăQ .LӋW
O~F ÿy OjP %t 7Kѭ 7ӍQK Ӫ\ %ҥF /LrX 'XҭQ ÿѭӧF FjL YjR JLD ÿuQK ӣ
&j 0DX ÿӇ FKӡ ÿӧL ´

/r 'XҭQ PӝW FRQ QJѭӡL FKӫ FKLӃQ Yj KLӃX ViW 7KjQK SKҫQ tW
KӑF QKѭQJ Fy QKLӋW WkP WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ VҧQ EҧQ FKҩW FӝF FҵQ FөF
PӏFK Yj KLӃX ViW81TXD FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿѭD ÿL ³KӑF WұS &ҧL WҥR´ WKӵF WӃ Oj Eӓ
W KjQJ WUăP QJjQ Vƭ TXDQ Yj TXkQ FKtQK 91&+ 6ӵ NLӋQ WUҧ WK Qҫ\
ÿm NKLӃQ FKR KjQJ WUăP QJjQ JLD ÿuQK O\ WiQ Yj KjQJ WUăP QJjQ W &ҧL
7ҥR FKӃW WURQJ W 82

7URQJ %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ ÿҧQJ &691 FKtQK Yu iS OӵF FӫD 'XҭQ Pj SKH
FKӫ FKLӃQ ÿm WKҳQJ WKӃ ÿӇ WҩQ F{QJ YѭӧW Yƭ WX\ӃQ YjR 0LӅQ 1DP WURQJ
NKL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WKұQ WUӑQJ NK{QJ YӝL
YjQJ WURQJ FXӝF [kP OăQJ 0LӅQ 1DP 83

/r 'XҭQ Oj Nҿ UD OӋQK ViW KҥL FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK FiF ÿӕL WKӫ FKtQK WUӏ
NKiF YӟL {QJ WD ~ 1KLӅX EҵQJ Fӟ FKR WKҩ\ /r 'XҭQ Yj /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿm
NKX\QK ÿҧR %&7 Yj UD WD\ ViW KҥL FiF WѭӟQJ OҧQK FiQ Eӝ NK{QJ FQJ
phe cánh.

http://forums.vietbao.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=15050 :

6ӵ NLӋQ Qj\ FKR WKҩ\ VDX PӝW OӏFK Vӱ FKX\rQ GQJ FiF FKX\ӃQ ED\
FKX\rQ Fѫ ÿӇ iP ViW ÿӕL WKӫ FKtQK WUӏ QKѭ Yө /r 'XҭQ kP PѭX FKR Pi\
ED\ FKӣ +ӗ UӟW WҥL VkQ ED\ *LD /kP FKR ÿӃQ Yө Pi\ ED\ ÿkP YjR Q~L
WҥL /jR OjP KѫQ WѭӟQJ OƭQK FKӕQJ OҥL ÿѭӡQJ OӕL WKkQ 7UXQJ +RD WKLӋW
PҥQJ WURQJ WKӡL /r .Kҧ 3KLrX QҳP TX\ӅQ WKu Vӵ NLӋQ Eӏ GҩX QKҽP Qj\
Oj Yө iP ViW NӃ WLӃS Fy WҫP YyF NKi TXDQ WUӑQJ

/r 'XҭQ WrQ KRDQJ GkP Y{ ÿӝ [ҧR WUi QKLӅX WKӫ ÿRҥQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 369

http://www.tuoitrevhn.com/?act=news&cat=85&sub=85&
id=43083

+ӭD +RjQK %t ҬQ &XӝF çӡL 7rQ +RDQJ 'kP 9{ çӝ /r 'XҭQ
February 28, 2010

³1ăP 0һW 7UұQ %uQK 'kQ OrQ FҫP TX\ӅQ ӣ 3KiS QӟL OӓQJ
FKӃ Gӝ FDL WUӏ WKXӝF ÿӏD 7ҥL ç{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 3KiS SKyQJ WKtFK Vӕ FKtQK
WUӏ SKҥP /r 'XҭQ ÿѭӧF WKD WURQJ GӏS Qj\ 9Ӆ 7UXQJ .Ǥ 'XҭQ OҥL WLӃS
WөF KRҥW ÿӝQJ QăP VDX 'XҭQ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP Ӫ\ YLrQ ;ӭ ӫ\ 7UXQJ .Ǥ
6ӣ Gƭ 'XҭQ ÿѭӧF WLӃS WөF WLӃQ Fӱ YjR FKӭF Yө FDR KѫQ
Oj QKӡ [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ JLDL FҩS QJKqR NKә tW KӑF WUXQJ NLrQ 1ăP
'XҭQ ÿѭӧF YjR %DQ FKҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ Ӫ\ 9LrQ 7KѭӡQJ 9ө
/kP 7KӡL 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ Yj ÿѭӧF SKiL YjR 6DLJRQ KRҥW
ÿӝQJ %ҩ\ JLӡ ÿҧQJ YLrQ &6 ӣ PLӅQ 1DP FKӍ Fy QK~P QJѭӡL /~F
ÿy ӣ 1DP .Ǥ Fy 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ &ӯ Oj 7әQJ Et WKѭ Yj 'XҭQ GѭӟL TX\ӅQ
FӫD &ӯ

1ăP VDX NKL +j 1ӝL Yj 3KiS Nê +LӋS ÿӏQK *HQHYD WKu
'XҭQ ÿѭӧF FjL ӣ OҥL PLӅQ 1DP QҵP YQJ WҥL FăQ QKj ÿѭӡQJ 3KDQ
çuQK 3KQJ WKXӝF NKX %jQ &ӡ 'XҭQ FҩS WӕF UD %ҳF ÿӇ QKұQ FKӍ WKӏ OR
YLӋF WұS NӃW pP QJѭӡL Yj FiQ Eӝ ӣ OҥL PLӅQ 1DP ÿӇ SKiW ÿӝQJ FXӝF
FKLӃQ WUDQK PӟL 'XҭQ Vӱ GөQJ WK{QJ KjQK FӫD WKѭѫQJ JLD 7jX GR
QJѭӡL Yӧ WrQ Oj /.' JLӟL WKLӋX %j Qj\ Oj Yӧ Kӡ WKHR NLӇX JLj QKkQ
QJҧL QRQ Yӧ FKӗQJ 'XҭQ OӧL GөQJ Ej Qj\ Yu Ej Oj Yӧ WKѭѫQJ JLD JLjX
Fy YӯD OjP FiQ Eӝ NLQK WjL FKR &6 Pj OҥL ÿѭӧF FҧQK ³FѫP QR Ez FӥL´
9ӟL WK{QJ KjQK KӧS SKiS 'XҭQ ÿL ÿѭӡQJ Eӝ TXD 3KQRP 3HQK UӗL ÿiS
Pi\ ED\ FӫD +jQJ NK{QJ 3KiS ÿL &{Q 0LQK WKӫ SKӫ WӍQK 9kQ 1DP
7UXQJ 4XӕF 7ӟL ÿk\ 'XҭQ ÿәL Pi\ ED\ YӅ +j 1ӝӏ /mQK FKӍ WKӏ [RQJ
'XҭQ OҥL ÿӝL OӕW Vƭ TXDQ OLrQ OҥF FӫD %ҳF 9LӋW WKiS WQJ Pi\ ED\ FӫD
Ӫ\ +ӝL .LӇP 6RiW çuQK &KLӃQ WUӣ YӅ 6DLJRQ 6DX ÿy 'XҭQ OpQ YӅ
3KөQJ +LӋS UӗL Et PұW WUӕQ UD PұW NKX ӣ &j 0DX 7ҥL QKj WKӡ +X\ӋQ
6ӱ 'XҭQ FKӫ WUu SKLrQ KӑS FiQ Eӝ FDR FҩS FӫD 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ &өF 0LӅQ
1DP Yj UD OӏQK 3KkQ WiQ FK{Q YNJ NKt Pi\ PyF

7Uӣ OҥL QăP 'XҭQ Yj 7Kӑ WӟL FKӫ WUu SKLrQ KӑS FӫD ÿҥL
ELӇX 3Kө 1ӳ &ӭX 4XӕF 1DP %ӝ KӑS WҥL PұW NKX ӣ &j 0DX 'XҭQ JһS
F{ JiL [LQK ÿҽS Fy KӑF WKӭF ÿDQJ JLӳ FKӭF &Kӫ WӏFK %DQ FKҩS KjQK
3Kө Qӳ WӍQK &ҫQ 7Kѫ WKu 'XҭQ Pr QJD\ &ҫQ QKҳF OҥL O~F ÿy 'XҭQ ÿm
WXәL Yj Fy Pҩ\ ÿӡL Yӧ ӣ QJRjL %ҳF 1JѭӡL Yӧ WKӭ QKӭW ÿѭӧF 'XҭQ
FѭӟL KӗL WXәL ӣ TXr QKj 4XҧQJ 7Uӏ WrQ &DR 7Kӏ .Kr 9u Ej Yӧ Qj\

370 LONG ĐIỀN

Pj 'XҭQ FҩW QKҳF HP UXӝW Ej WD Oj &DR ;XkQ 'LӋP Et GDQK 'ѭѫQJ
7K{QJ OjP &өF WUѭӣQJ &өF $Q QLQK 1ӝL FKtQK O~F ÿy PӟL FҩS çҥL Wi
VDX Qj\ OrQ 7UXQJ WѭӟQJ QJѭӡL Yӧ NKiF FӫD /r 'XҭQ Oj 9} 7Kӏ 6ҧQK
FRQ {QJ 9} 9ăQ .tQK QJѭӡL 4XҧQJ 1DP ÐQJ .tQK Oj F{QJ QKkQ KӓD
[D ÿӗQJ QJKLӋS YӟL 'XҭQ ӣ 4XDQJ 7Uӏ %j 6ҧQK JLD QKұS ÿҧQJ &6 QăP
[kP QKұS YjR KjQJ QJNJ 9LӋW 1DP 4XӕF 'kQ çҧQJ ÿӇ EiR FiR
FKR 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7Uj O~F ÿy OjP 7ѭ OӏQK 4XkQ NKX

.KL YjR 1DP 'XҭQ WX\rQ Eӕ Oj PLQK FKѭD Yӧ Yu FzQ ³PmL OR OjP
FiFK PҥQJ´ 7KѭѫQJ KҥL ÿӗQJ FKt 'XҭQ WӟL WXәL Qj\ Pj FKѭD
Yӧ QKLӅX FiQ Eӝ PXӕQ NLӃP Yӧ FKR /r 'XҭQ ÿӇ {QJ WD DQ WkP OR YLӋF
³QѭӟF´ &{ çӛ 7Kӏ 7K~\ 1JD Oj FRQ ÿҥL ÿLӅQ FKӫ TXr ӣ 7KiF /iF
FKiX JӑL çӛ +ӳX 9ӏ EҵQJ FK~ UXӝW Yj JӑL çӛ +ӳX 3KѭѫQJ QJѭӡL JLjX
QKҩW 1DP .Ǥ KӗL ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ EҵQJ {QJ QӝL 6ӕ Oj QăP 7RjQ
TX\ӅQ 'RXPHU Fy GӏS YjR 6DLJRQ NK{QJ ELӃW 3KѭѫQJ QӏQK KyW WKӃ QjR
Pj 'RXPHU ÿm FҩS FKR 3KѭѫQJ Fҧ QJjQ PүX UXӝQJ ӣ 7KiF /iF

çӇ FӭX YmQ GDQK Gӵ Yj ÿӇ Oҩ\ OzQJ DQK %D 'XҭQ 7UҩQ OLӅQ JLӟL
WKLӋX F{ 1JD FKR 'XҭQ 7Kҩ\ 1JD 'XҭQ UҩW WKtFK 1KѭQJ 'XҭQ YyF
GiQJ FөF PӏFK ăQ QyL FӝF OӕF QKѭ ³GL ÿөF FKҩP PҳP QrP´ OҥL JLj
KѫQ JҩS ÿ{L WXәL F{ 1JD QrQ 1JD Wӯ FKӕL WKҷQJ WKӯQJ 'XҭQ NrX YjL
FiQ Eӝ WKkQ WtQ JLӳ QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө TXDQ WUӑQJ WӟL KӑS PұW %j /r çRjQ
&Kӫ WӏFK %DQ FKҩS KjQK +ӝ 3Kө 1ӳ &ӭX 4XӕF 1DP %ӝ ÿѭӧF OӏQK DQK
%D WӟL ³ÿӝQJ YLrQ´ F{ 1JD ѭQJ DQK %D $QK %D WX\ OӟQ WXәL QKѭQJ FKѭD
Yӧ FRQ Yu PmL OR YLӋF FiFK PҥQJ 5ӗL +j +X\ 7ұS Ӫ\ YLrQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ
ÿҧQJ FNJQJ ÿѭӧF 'XҭQ JLDR QKLӋP Yө YұQ ÿӝQJ 7K~\ 1JD &KѭD KӃW
JLiR Vѭ çһQJ 0LQK 7Uӭ &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ +jQK &KiQK .KiQJ &KLӃQ
WӍQK &ҫQ 7Kѫ QKұQ OӏQK 'XҭQ ÿӃQ WKҷQJ Wѭ JLD FӫD F{ 1JD ÿӇ ³YұQ
ÿӝQJ´ VRQJ WKkQ FӫD F{ 7ҩW Fҧ ÿӅX Oj F{QJ Gm WUjQJ Yu F{ 1JD WӯQJ Oj
Qӳ VLQK WѭӡQJ ÿҫP QyL WLӃQJ 3KiS QKѭ JLy NK{QJ FKӏX OjP Yӧ DQK
QKj TXr WKҩW KӑF 0ӝW QJѭӡL WӯQJ ӣ WURQJ KjQJ QJNJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ NӇ
OҥL UҵQJ NKL PӑL FXӝF ³YұQ ÿӝQJ´ EӃ WҳF 'XҭQ OLӅQ GQJ EҥR OӵF
'XҭQ FKR OӏQK PӡL F{ 1JD YӟL Wѭ FiFK ÿҥL ELӇX &ӭX 4XӕF &ҫQ 7Kѫ
ÿӃQ KӑS WҥL PӝW QJ{L QKj JLӳD UӯQJ ErQ Eӡ V{QJ 7UҽP FKӛ JLiS UDQK
8 0LQK 7KѭӧQJ Yj 8 0LQK +ҥ çrP ҩ\ WUӡL PѭD FKX\ӋQ Ju [ҧ\ UD
NK{QJ U} ViQJ FKӍ WKҩ\ F{ 1JD PһW Pj\ VѭQJ K~S Yu NKyF VXӕW ÿrP
TXD 9iQ ÿm ÿyQJ WKX\ӅQ F{ 1JD PLӉQ FѭӥQJ OjP Yӧ Ep FӫD /r 'XҭQ

7ӯ ÿy ÿҧQJ UD OӏQK FҩP EҩW Fӭ DL EjQ WiQ YӅ YLӋF ³ÿӗQJ FKt %D 'XҭQ
FѭӟL Yӧ´ 1ăP F{ 1JD WKHR ÿRjQ TXkQ WұS NӃW UD %ҳF 'XҭQ FKR
dҩX F{ 1JD YӟL FRQ WURQJ ELӋW WKӵ WUrQ ÿѭӡQJ +QJ 9ѭѫQJ .K{QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 371

KLӇX GR DL EiR FiR Ej Yӧ Fҧ çӛ 7Kӏ .Kr WuP WӟL ÿiQK JKHQ &{ 1JD FKӍ
ELӃW {P PһW NKyF 'XҭQ GjQ [ӃS GҩX 1JD ӣ +ҧL 3KzQJ FNJQJ Eӏ Yӧ OӟQ
WuP WӟL FKӱL EӟL NKLӃQ 1JD ÿzL Wӵ Wӱ 'XҭQ EiR FiR YLӋF OHP QKHP YӟL
+ӗ +ӗ JӧL ê ÿѭD 1JD TXD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Wӷ QҥQ Yӧ OӟQ YӟL GDQK QJKƭD
WKHR KӑF FKtQK WUӏ WҥL 7KLrQ 7kQ 0ӛL QăP +ӗ FKR 'XҭQ PѭӧQ FKLӃF
Pi\ ED\ ULrQJ ҭQ Vӕ %+ TXD 7KLrQ 7kQ WKăP Yӧ ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ /r 'XҭQ WURQJ &XӝF &KLӃQ 9LӋW
Nam 1945-1975:

/r 'XҭQ Oj PӝW WD\ KLӃX FKLӃQ KLӃX ViW 7URQJ WKӡL NǤ WKL KjQK
+LӋS ĈӏQK *HQqYH FKtQK /r 'XҭQ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ QJө\ WUDQJ FiQ
Eӝ Yj FK{Q GҩX YNJ NKt YӟL PѭX ÿӗ EҵQJ PӑL JLi SKҧL [kP OăQJ 0LӅQ
Nam.85

7URQJ FiF ĈҥL +ӝL ĈҧQJ &691 WKӡL NǤ FKtQK /r
'XҭQ ÿm JLұW Gk\ SKH QKyP KLӃX FKLӃQ QKҵP WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP Yj ÿӇ
NKX\QK ORiW FiF QKyP FKӫ KRj FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS

6DX NKL WK{Q WtQK 0LӅQ 1DP 7URQJ FiF FXӝF QyL FKX\ӋQ /r 'XҭQ
FKR WKҩ\ ÿm QKұQ WKҩ\ Vӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD NLQK WӃ 0LӅQ 1DP QKѭQJ YӟL
ÿҫX yF EҧR WKӫ FKtQK /r 'XҭQ ÿm FKӫ WUѭѫQJ NLQK WӃ WRjQ TXӕF SKҧL
WKHR UұS NKX{Q 0LӅQ %ҳF ;+&1 FKR G TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿy Fy OjP WөW KұX
ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj WLrX WiQ WLӅP OӵF FӫD TXӕF GkQ KҳQ FNJQJ NK{QJ PjQJ86.
1JѭӡL WD EjQ UҵQJ WҥL VDR VDX WKҩ\ ÿѭӧF Vӵ WKӏQK YѭӧQJ FӫD 0LӅQ
1DP KѫQ KҷQ 0LӅQ %ҳF /r 'XҭQ ÿm SKiW ELӇX Oj FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD &691
Oj VDL OҫP Pj /r 'XҭQ YүQ WLӃQ KjQK FѭӣQJ EӭF 0LӅQ 1DP ÿL WKHR TXӻ
ÿҥR FӫD &6 Oj Yu Fy FKӫ WUѭѫQJ VҳW PiX SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK Yѫ YpW
FѭӟS EyF WKu EӑQ /r 'XҭQ Yj FiF FiQ Eӝ FҩS FDR PӟL Fy GӏS ÿ~W W~L FiF
NKRҧQ WjL VҧQ NKәQJ Oӗ WӏFK WKX ÿѭӧF Wӯ ÿӗQJ EjR 0LӅQ 1DP

9ӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ KӗQJ KѫQ FKX\rQ WKӡL NǤ WUӏ Yu FӫD /r 'XҭQ Oj
WKӡL NǤ Pj NLQK WӃ WKҩW EҥL WKҧP KҥL Yj ÿӡL VӕQJ QJѭӡL GkQ Fҧ QѭӟF UҩW
Oj Fѫ FӵF ÿyL NKә 87

7yP OҥL /r 'XҭQ Oj PӝW FiQ Eӝ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NKiW PiX tW KӑF QKѭQJ
QKLӅX WKӫ ÿRҥQ ÿӝF iF FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP EҵQJ PӑL JLi
FKR WKҩ\ WӝL iF FӫD /r 'XҭQ ÿӕL YӟL ÿӗQJ EjR 9LӋW 1DP FKӍ ÿӭQJ VDX
WrQ FҫP ÿҫX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Pj WK{L

372 LONG ĐIỀN

5-Trѭӡng Chinh :

Trѭӡng Chinh (1907-1988) theo tài
liӋu cӫa Wikipedia:

“Ông tên thұt là Ĉһng Xuân Khu,
sinh ngày 9 tháng 2 năm 1907, ӣ thôn
Hành ThiӋn, xã Xuân Hӗng, huyӋn Xuân
Trѭӡng ,tӍnh Nam Ĉӏnh. Thân phө ông là
cө Ĉһng Xuân ViӋn, là mӝt nhà nho không
thành ÿҥt trong ÿѭӡng khoa bҧng, là mӝt
thành viên trong nhóm Nam ViӋt ÿӗng
thiên hӝi, là ngѭӡi biên soҥn bӝ Minh ÿô
sӱ (gӗm 100 quyӇn ÿóng thành sách).[1]

Do truyӅn thӕng gia ÿình, ÿѭӧc sӵ

giáo dөc cӫa thân phө, tӯ nhӓ, ông ÿã làm quen vӟi Tӭ thѭ, NgNJ kinh,
thѫ Ĉѭӡng và ÿѭӧc ÿào tҥo bài bҧn vӅ văn hóa và lӏch sӱ theo truyӅn
thӕng Nho hӑc. Khi lӟn lên, ông bҳt ÿҫu tiӃp xúc Tây hӑc và theo hӑc
bұc Thành chung tҥi Nam Ĉӏnh.

Tham gia hoҥt ÿӝng cách mҥng

Chӏu ҧnh hѭӣng tinh thҫn yêu nѭӟc cӫa thân phө, tӯ năm 1925, khi
còn là còn hӑc ӣ bұc Thành Chung, ông ÿã tham gia phong trào ÿҩu
tranh ÿòi ân xá cho Phan Bӝi Châu, lãnh ÿҥo cuӝc bãi khóa ӣ Nam Ĉӏnh
ÿӇ truy ÿiӋu Phan Chu Trinh. Năm 1926, ông bӏ trѭӡng ÿuәi hӑc.

Năm 1927, ông chuyӇn lên Hà Nӝi, tiӃp tөc hӑc ӣ trѭӡng Cao ÿҷng
Thѭѫng mҥi và tham gia ViӋt Nam Thanh niên Cách mҥng Ĉӗng
Chí Hӝi. Năm 1929, ông tham gia cuӝc vұn ÿӝng thành lұp Ĉông
Dѭѫng Cӝng sҧn Ĉҧng ӣ Bҳc KǤ và trӣ thành mӝt trong nhӳng ÿҧng
viên ÿҫu tiên cӫa ÿҧng này.

Năm 1930, ông ÿѭӧc chӍ ÿӏnh vào Ban tuyên truyӅn cә ÿӝng Trung
ѭѫng cӫa Ĉҧng Cӝng sҧn Ĉông Dѭѫng. Cuӕi năm này, ông bӏ Pháp bҳt
và kӃt án 12 năm tù và ÿày ÿi Sѫn La, ÿӃn năm 1936 ÿѭӧc trҧ tӵ do.

Giai ÿoҥn 1936–1939, ông là Xӭ Ӫy viên Bҳc KǤ, ÿҥi biӇu cӫa
Ĉҧng Cӝng sҧn Ĉông Dѭѫng trong Ӫy ban Mһt trұn Dân chӫ Bҳc KǤ.
Năm 1940, ông ÿѭӧc cӱ làm chӫ bút báo Cͥ gi̫i phóng, cѫ quan cӫa
Xӭ ӫy Bҳc KǤ, kiêm phө trách các tӡ báo tiӃng Pháp nhѭ Le Travail,
Rassemblement, En Avant và báo Tin tͱc.

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 373

7Uӣ WKjQK QKj OmQK ÿҥR FKӫ FKӕW

7ҥL +ӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ KӑS WҥL OjQJ ĈuQK %ҧQJ 7ӯ 6ѫQ %ҳF
1LQK Wӯ QJj\ ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ
&KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP 4X\ӅQ 7әQJ %t WKѭ ĈҧQJ WKD\
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ &ӯ

7KiQJ QăP WҥL +ӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ KӑS WҥL &DR %ҵQJ
{QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP 7әQJ %t WKѭ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ NLrP
7UѭӣQJ %DQ WX\rQ KXҩQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ 1ăP {QJ Eӏ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS
NӃW iQ Wӱ KuQK YҳQJ PһW

7KiQJ QăP {QJ WULӋX WұS Yj FKӫ WUu +ӝL QJKӏ 7KѭӡQJ Yө
7UXQJ ѭѫQJ UD &KӍ WKӏ QәL WLӃQJ ³1K̵W 3KiS E̷Q QKDX Yj KjQK ÿ͡QJ
FͯD FK~QJ WD´ [iF ÿӏQK WKӡL Fѫ 7әQJ NKӣL QJKƭD JLjQK FKtQK TX\ӅQ
7URQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FKXҭQ Eӏ &iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP WҥL +ӝL QJKӏ WRjQ
TXӕF FӫD ĈҧQJ {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ SKө WUiFK Ӫ\ EDQ .KӣL QJKƭD WRjQ TXӕF

&XӕL QăP QKҵP PөF ÿtFK WUiQK QKӳQJ EҩW OӧL YӅ FKtQK WUӏ Yj
WҥR ÿLӅX NLӋQ WKXұQ OӧL KѫQ WURQJ FKӍ ÿҥR SKRQJ WUjR 9LӋW 0LQK ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ U~W YjR KRҥW ÿӝQJ Et PұW QrQ WX\rQ Eӕ Wӵ JLҧL
WiQ FKX\ӇQ WKjQK +͡L QJKLrQ FͱX FKͯ QJKƭD 0iF ͧ Ĉ{QJ '˱˯QJ do
{QJ OjP +ӝL WUѭӣQJ

.KL FXӝF FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ WRjQ TXӕF Qә UD ÿӇ [iF ÿӏQK PөF WLrX
Yj Fә YNJ WLQK WKҫQ FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL NKiQJ FKLӃQ {QJ ÿm YLӃW ORҥW EjL
EiR QәL WLӃQJ YӟL WӵD ÿӅ ³.KiQJ FKL͇Q QK̭W ÿ͓QK WK̷QJ OͫL´ ÿăQJ WUrQ
EiR ³6ӵ WKұW´ Wӯ Vӕ WKiQJ QăP ÿӃQ Vӕ WKiQJ QăP
ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS QKұQ ÿӏQK ³%iF +͛ Oj OLQK K͛Q FͯD
FX͡F NKiQJ FKL͇Q FK͙QJ 3KiS QK˱QJ ÿ͉ UD ÿ˱ͥQJ O͙L Fͭ WK͋ FK͑ ÿ̩R
Fͭ WK͋ Y͉ Oê OX̵Q YͣL FX͙Q .KiQJ FKL͇Q QK̭W ÿ͓QK WK̷QJ OͫL Oj GR DQK
7U˱ͥQJ &KLQK”.[2].

1ăP WҥL ĈҥL KӝL OҫQ WKӭ FӫD ĈҧQJ >ÿәL WrQ WKjQK ĈҧQJ /DR
ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP@ {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX OҥL YjR %DQ FKҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj
JLӳ FKӭF 7әQJ %t WKѭ FKR ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP ´

7LӇX Vӱ WKHR WjL OLӋX ÿҧQJ &691 KWWS WUDQDQKTXDQJ YLROHW YQ
HQWU\ VKRZSULQW HQWU\BLG ´ĈӗQJ FKt 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK WrQ WKұW
Oj ĈһQJ ;XkQ .KX VLQK QJj\ WURQJ PӝW JLD ÿuQK JLjX WUX\ӅQ
WKӕQJ KLӃX KӑF ÐQJ QӝL ÿӗQJ FKt Oj 7LӃQ Vƭ ĈһQJ ;XkQ %ҧQJ
PӝW Vƭ SKX \rX QѭӟF WKkQ SKө Oj ĈһQJ ;XkQ 9LӋQ PӝW QJѭӡL Fy
WUuQK ÿӝ KӑF YҩQ FDR Yj OX{Q VD\ Pr QJKLrQ FӭX &KtQK WҥL QJ{L QKj OѭX
QLӋP Qj\ {QJ QӝL FQJ WKkQ SKө ÿӗQJ FKt 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ÿm YLӃW Yj ÿӇ

374 LONG ĐIỀN

OҥL QKLӅX WiF SKҭP Fy JLi WUӏ WKXӝF QKLӅX OƭQK YӵF NKiF QKDX QKѭ OӏFK
Vӱ YăQ KӑF WULӃW KӑF ÿӏD Oê [m KӝL KӑF

3KҥP 9LӋW .KDQK > <HDUV 9LHW1DP 1DWLRQDO 8QLYHUVLW\ +D1RL@

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ĈһQJ ;XkQ .KX NrX JӑL Wҭ\ FKD\ FKӳ TXӕF QJӳ

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ĈһQJ ;XkQ .KX

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ĈһQJ ;XkQ .KX 78<Ç1 %Ӕ 1Ă0 &NJQJ
ÿӯQJ TXrQ Oj Nҿ ÿm ÿҩX Wӕ FKD Pҽ WӟL FKӃW

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ryID=1&subcateID=9

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ç͠1* 91 6͘ /ç ç͠& /̴3 7͸ '2 +̨1+ 3+Ò&

+ӥL ÿӗQJ EjR WKkQ PӃQ

7ҥL VDR OҥL QKұQ YjR WURQJ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP \rX PӃQ FӫD FK~QJ WD Oj
PӝW QѭӟF ELӃW EDR OkX OjP FKѭ KҫX FKR 7UXQJ TXӕF FiL WKӭ FKӳ NǤ TXһF
FӫD EӑQ GD WUҳQJ 7ѭ %ҧQ ÿHP YjR

7ҥL VDR WD OҥL WUX\ӅQ Ei WURQJ GkQ FK~QJ Wӯ ҧL 1DP 4XDQ ÿӃQ PNJL
&j 0DX FiFK YLӃW FKӳ Gӏ NǤ FӫD WrQ WKӵF GkQ $OH[DQGUH GH 5KRGHV ÿm
ÿHP TXD [ӭ PuQK QKѭ WKӃ "

.K{QJ ÿӗQJ EjR FӫD WD QrQ ORҥL KҷQ FiFK YLӃW WKHR OӕL ÆX 7k\ ҩ\ ±
PӝW FiFK YLӃW U} UjQJ Fy PDX WKұW ÿҩ\ ± Yj WD Km\ WUӣ YӅ YӟL WKӭ FKӳ FӫD
{QJ Ej WD QJj\ WUѭӟF Oj WKӭ FKӳ QKR FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF 9ҧ FKăQJ QJѭӡL
7UXQJ +RD EҥQ FӫD WD ± Pj Fy OӁ Oj WKҫ\ FӫD FK~QJ WD QӳD WD NK{QJ
Kә WKҽQ Pj QKuQ QKұQ QKѭ WKӃ ± Fy SKҧL Oj GkQ WӝF YăQ PLQK WUѭӟF QKҩW
KRjQ FҫX NK{QJ" &zQ QyL Ju ÿӃQ \ NKRD FӫD ÆX 0ӻ &K~QJ FKӍ FҳW ÿөF
NKRpW QҥR &y WKӃ WK{L

+ӥL ÿӗQJ EjR \rX PӃQ

&K~QJ WD Km\ JҥW Eӓ FiFK FKӳD EӋQK FӫD EӑQ çӃ TXӕF SKѭѫQJ 7k\
ÿHP TXD [ӭ WD 7D Km\ Eӓ QKj EҧR VLQK FӫD FK~QJ Eӓ EӋQK YLӋQ FӫD
FK~QJ WD Km\ GQJ WKXӕF GiQ FӫD {QJ FKD WD ÿӇ OҥL Yj QKҩW Oj GQJ
WKXӕF 7ҫX GDQK WLӃQJ NKҳS Fҧ KRjQ FҫX

7D Km\ WUӣ YӅ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ WUѭӟF QӳD ÿӇ ӫQJ Kӝ FiF EҥQ 7UXQJ
+RD VDX QӳD ÿӇ ORҥL UD NKӓL QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP \rX PӃQ FӫD WD EDR QKLrX
QKӳQJ ÿӗ QKұS FҧQJ WKӵF GkQ QKѭ Oj NKRD KRF SKiW PLQK Y Y

7D Km\ TXpW VҥFK ONJ ³WUt WKӭF´ ÿm [XҩW WKkQ ӣ FiF WUѭӡQJ ÆX 0ӻ ÿӃ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 375

TXӕF Yj WKӵF GkQ &K~F ³7әQJ SKҧQ F{QJ´ Yj ³7KL KjQK PӑL SKѭѫQJ
SKiS EjL WUӯ WKӵF GkQ´

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK

7әQJ WKѭ Nê ÿҧQJ /DR çӝQJ

6͙ EiR 7L͇QJ '͡L Qj\ Q̹P WURQJ 7K˱ 9L͏Q WL͇QJ 9L͏W WKX͡F %̫R
7jQJ 9L͏Q $QK 4X͙F %ULWLVK 0XVHXP ± /RQGRQ

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Yj VӱD VDL +ӑ NK{QJ WKjQK WkP Yj FNJQJ NK{QJ WKӇ ViQJ VXӕW
ÿӇ QKuQ WKұW U} Yj WKұW ÿӫ QKӳQJ VDL OҫP GR ÿy Kӑ NK{QJ VӱD ÿѭӧF VDL
OҫP

%L NӏFK &&5Ĉ NpR GjL WURQJ NK{QJ JLDQ Yj WKӡL JLDQ FKӗQJ FKҩW
QJj\ FjQJ QKLӅX QKӳQJ ÿDX NKә Yj WjQ SKi FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj GkQ WӝF
/~F Qj\ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL GkQ FKӫ Yj \rX QѭӟF QKuQ OҥL EL NӏFK ҩ\ Yj SKkQ
WtFK FKR VkX VҳF KѫQ Oj PӝW YLӋF OjP FҫQ WKLӃW Fy tFK

1KkQ GӏS Qj\ QKӳQJ EjL YLӃW FӫD DQK 1JX\ӉQ 0LQK &ҫQ DQK 7UҫQ
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tFK FKR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ ÿL OrQ Yj KzD QKұS FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿӇ FKLD WD\ GӭW
NKRiW YӟL QKӳQJ VDL OҫP WURQJ TXi NKӭ ÿӇ PҥQK EѭӟF WUrQ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
ÿәL PӟL WKұW Vӵ &ҫQ QKuQ OҥL FXӝF &&5Ĉ YӟL FRQ PҳW WKӵF WLӉQ W{Q
WUӑQJ Vӵ WKұW OӏFK Vӱ WUrQ WLQK WKҫQ QJKLrQ FӭX NKRD KӑF FNJQJ QKѭ WUrQ
OұS WUѭӡQJ ÿҩX WUDQK FKR GkQ FKӫ Wӵ GR 7ӯ ÿy FNJQJ QrQ QKuQ UӝQJ UD
YҩQ ÿӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF TXDQ KӋ JLӳD Ĉ&6 YӟL Q{QJ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP 6DX NKL
Fy WKӡL JLDQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ ÿӇ QKuQ OҥL Yj VX\ QJKƭ FK~QJ WD QrQ WұS WUXQJ
FK~ ê ÿӃQ QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ Yj EjL KӑF GѭӟL ÿk\

376 LONG ĐIỀN

&өF GLӋQ PӟL GүQ ÿӃQ &ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW

1KӳQJ DL WӯQJ VӕQJ QKӳQJ QăP JLӳD WKӃ Nӹ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Fy WKӇ
QKӟ OҥL NK{QJ NKt OmQJ PҥQ QKҽ QKjQJ WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ ÿҩX FKӕQJ
WKӵF GkQ 3KiS YӟL QKӳQJ EjL KiW V{L QәL ³%DR FKLӃQ Vӻ DQK KQJ ´
³1jR WD ÿL KQJ ELQK ´ ³'LӋW SKiW [tW ´ Ĉ&6 U~W YjR Et PұW FiF
FXӝF WKDQK WUӯQJ GLӉQ UD NtQ ÿiR WXәL WUҿ VҹQ VjQJ [{QJ UD WUұQ ÿӇ EҧR
YӋ QӅQ ÿӝF OұS

7ӯ FXӕL QăP QăP Yj PӝW FөF GLӋQ PӟL Pӣ UD
ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKҳQJ WR Yj UҩW QKDQK FKLӃP Fҧ OөF ÿӏD
7UXQJ +RD OұS QrQ QѭӟF &ӝQJ KzD 1KkQ GkQ 4XkQ JLҧL SKyQJ 7UXQJ
4XӕF ÿӃQ ELrQ JLӟL 7UXQJ 9LӋW 9LӋW 1DP FKҩP GӭW WKӡL NǤ Eӏ F{ OұS
TXDQ KӋ 9LӋW±7UXQJ YӅ PӑL PһW Pӣ UD UҩW UӝQJ UmL YӅ QJRҥL JLDR NLQK
WӃ TXkQ Vӵ YăQ KyD ҦQK KѭӣQJ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF WUjQ YjR 9LӋW 1DP
QKѭ QѭӟF ONJ WӯQJ ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ +RD QKұS 9LӋW FQJ YӟL YLӋQ
WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ ÿӫ WUDQJ Eӏ PӟL KRjQ WRjQ FKR Vѭ ÿRjQ Eӝ ELQK Yj Vѭ
ÿRjQ SKiR ELQK UӗL JҥR YҧL ÿѭӡQJ WKXӕF PHQ [H *LҧL SKyQJ KjQJ
QJjQ FiQ Eӝ TXkQ Vӵ NLQK WӃ JLiR GөF \ WӃ YăQ KRi VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF
KӑF WұS PӑL QJѭӡL Q{ QӭF KӑF WLӃQJ 7jX Yj WLӃQJ 1JD .KҳS QѫL QKҧ\
ѭѫQJ FD ³ÿӗ ÿӗ ÿӗ VRO ÿӗ ÿӗ ÿӗ ÿӗ VRO Ur Ur Ur Ur Pt [u Ur Ur Ur Pt Ur
ÿ{ Oj ´ QKӳQJ ÿRjQ YăQ F{QJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VDQJ ELӇX GLӉQ ViFK ÿӓ
0DR WX\͋Q Yj KX\ KLӋX KuQK 0DR WUjQ QJұS

&XӕL QăP {QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿL %ҳF .LQK Yj 0RVNYD JһS
0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Yj 6WDOLQ 7KiQJ ± /D 4Xê %D ÿҥL Vӭ 7UXQJ
4XӕF FQJ ÿRjQ FKX\rQ JLD ÿӃQ 9LӋW %ҳF 7KiQJ ± &KLӃQ GӏFK
%LrQ JLӟL ÿѭӧF ÿRjQ FKX\rQ JLD TXkQ Vӵ FҫP ÿҫX EӣL WѭӟQJ 7UҫQ &DQK
OjP TXkQ Vѭ Pӣ UӝQJ ELrQ JLӟL 9LӋW 7UXQJ Wӯ &DR %ҵQJ /ҥQJ 6ѫQ
ÿӃQ 7LrQ <rQ 0yQJ &iL &y WKӇ QyL Oê OXұQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF NLQK QJKLӋP
7UXQJ 4XӕF KjQJ KyD 7UXQJ 4XӕF YNJ NKt 7UXQJ 4XӕF SKLP ҧQK
7UXQJ 4XӕF ViFK EiR 7UXQJ 4XӕF WUӣ WKjQK FXӝF VӕQJ EDR WUP FiF
YQJ JLҧL SKyQJ FzQ JӑL Oj ³YQJ Wӵ GR´ 9u YQJ JLҧL SKyQJ Oj YQJ
Wӵ W~F NKpS NtQ FiFK ELӋW YӟL YQJ WҥP FKLӃP QrQ FNJQJ Oj FiFK ELӋW
KҷQ YӟL WKӃ JLӟL ErQ QJRjL KjQJ SKѭѫQJ 7k\ ÿӅX JӑL Oj KjQJ ÿӏFK KjQJ
OұX KjQJ FҩP

&KtQK WURQJ NK{QJ NKt ҩ\ WURQJ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ ҩ\ Pj FXӝF &ҧL
FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj PӝW VҧQ SKҭP 7UXQJ 4XӕF PDQJ QKmQ KLӋX WKXҫQ
7UXQJ 4XӕF Wӯ PөF WLrX ÿӃQ FiFK WLӃQ KjQK WKHR FiF EѭӟF Fө WKӇ Fy
WKӇ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK ÿk\ Oj PӝW ÿһF VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 377

ĈһF VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF

7ӯ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿӃQ SKѭѫQJ FKkP Yj ELӋQ SKiS WKiQJ *LrQJ QăP
NKL {QJ +ӗ JһS 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ ӣ %ҳF .LQK Yj 6WDOLQ ӣ 0RVNYD
Fҧ OmQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ Qj\ ÿӅX WK~F JLөF {QJ +ӗ SKҧL YӅ OjP QJD\ FҧL
FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿӇ FzQ ÿL ÿӃQ [yD Eӓ Wѭ KӳX ӣ WKjQK WKӏ Yj Q{QJ WK{Q
6WDOLQ FzQ SKkQ F{QJ FKR Ĉ&6 FӫD 0DR YLӋF JL~S ÿӥ FKR FiFK PҥQJ Y{
VҧQ ӣ FKkX È WUѭӟF KӃW Oj 9LӋW 1DP ÐQJ +ӗ OX{Q FRL 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR Oj
KDL EұF WKҫ\ FӫD PuQK QKӳQJ QJѭӡL NK{QJ EDR JLӡ SKҥP VDL OҫP QrQ
NKL YӅ QѭӟF Oj WKӵF KLӋQ

&NJQJ WKHR WK~F JLөF FӫD 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR ÿҫX QăP ĈҥL KӝL ,,
FӫD Ĉ&6 KӑS ӣ 7X\rQ 4XDQJ UD F{QJ NKDL WUӣ OҥL GѭӟL WrQ PӟL ĈҧQJ
/DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Yj UD 1JKӏ TX\ӃW YӅ &ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW 7ӯ ȱ3KL
VDQJ ÆX 0ӻ [ѭD QD\ ÿm Fy ELӃW EDR QKLrX FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW &iF
FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ Wѭ VҧQ GkQ TX\ӅQ ÿӅX ÿһW YҩQ ÿӅ FKLD OҥL UXӝQJ ÿҩW FKR
Q{QJ GkQ 7KӃ QKѭQJ NKL FiF ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF
ÿһW UD YҩQ ÿӅ &&5Ĉ WKu PөF ÿtFK NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FKLD UXӝQJ FKR Q{QJ
GkQ Pj Oj PӝW PөF ÿtFK NKiF ÿy Oj WKLӃW OұS Yj FӫQJ Fӕ Vӵ WKӕQJ WUӏ
FzQ PӟL Pҿ FӫD Ĉ&6 OrQ WRjQ [m KӝL ÿLӅX Pj Kӑ F{QJ NKDL WX\rQ Eӕ
WKLӃW OұS QӅQ FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ PӝW QӅQ FKX\rQ FKtQK ÿҫ\ PiX Yj
QѭӟF PҳW

Ӣ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VDX FXӝF 9ҥQ Oê 7UѭӡQJ FKLQK Wӯ WKiQJ
ÿӃQ WKiQJ Ĉ&674 Eӏ PҩW ÿӃQ OӵF OѭӧQJ 4XӕF GkQ ĈҧQJ
FӫD 7ѭӣQJ *LӟL 7KҥFK SKiW WULӇQ PҥQK VDX NKL SKiW [tW 1KұW WKXD WUұQ
4XӕF GkQ ĈҧQJ FӫQJ Fӕ FKtQK TX\ӅQ WUrQ WRjQ TXӕF WKHR KѭӟQJ TXkQ
SKLӋW &XӕL QăP ÿѭӧF 6WDOLQ FKX\ӇQ FKR WRjQ Eӝ Vӕ YNJ NKt WѭӟF
ÿѭӧF FӫD ÿӝL TXkQ 4XDQ Ĉ{QJ 1KұW ӣ TXkQ NKX 0mQ &KkX 4XkQ *LҧL
SKyQJ 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF OӟQ PҥQK UҩW QKDQK Yj FKӍ WURQJ QăP Wӯ
ÿӃQ ÿm 1DP Kҥ FKLӃP WRjQ OөF ÿӏD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ĈӝW QKLrQ
FKLӃP ÿѭӧF PӝW YQJ ÿҩW Oҥ PrQK P{QJ OkX QăP GѭӟL Vӵ FDL WUӏ FӫD
4XӕF GkQ ĈҧQJ QrQ Ĉ&674 FҫQ OjP JҩS FXӝF &&5Ĉ ÿӇ TXpW VҥFK
WjQ Gѭ FzQ NKi QһQJ QӅ Yj QJX\ KLӇP ҩ\ ĈLҥ FKӫ 4XӕF GkQ ĈҧQJ Eӏ
EҳQ JLӃW FK{Q VӕQJ QKѭ Uҥ &ҫQ QyL U} UҵQJ FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF
YӅ &&5Ĉ VDQJ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӅX Gӵ ³WKә ÿӏD FҧL FiFK´ ӣ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy
NKi QKLӅX NLQK QJKLӋP WKӵF WӃ ӣ YQJ +RD 1DP QKѭQJ Kӑ Fy WUuQK
ÿӝ YăQ KyD UҩW KҥQ FKӃ KҫX KӃW [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ WKjQK SKҫQ Fѫ EҧQ EҫQ Fӕ
Q{QJ QJKqR NKә WKҩW KӑF OҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ ÿL UD QѭӟF QJRjL OҥL PDQJ QһQJ
Wѭ WѭӣQJ QѭӟF OӟQ ĈҥL +iQ WӝF QrQ OX{Q Fy WKiL ÿӝ WUӏFK WKѭӧQJ Wӵ
FRL PuQK Oj JLӓL JLDQJ FiL Ju FNJQJ ELӃW ÿӇ Gҥ\ EҧR QJѭӡL NKiF 9Ӆ SKtD

378 LONG ĐIỀN

9LӋW 1DP FiF FҩS ÿRjQ ӫ\ FKӍ ÿҥR PӝW YQJ Yj ÿӝL FKӍ ÿҥR PӝW [m
FNJQJ ÿӅX ÿѭӧF WX\ӇQ OӵD WURQJ OӟS EҫQ Fӕ Q{QJ ÿӡL QJKqR NKә QrQ
WKѭӡQJ Oj GkQ P FKӳ ÿL OjP WKXr PӟL ÿѭӧF KӑF EuQK GkQ KӑF Yө Yj
Eә W~F YăQ KyD NK{QJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ OmQK ÿҥR FjQJ NK{QJ Fy Wѭ GX\ ÿӝF
OұS QrQ FKӍ FzQ ELӃW YkQJ Gҥ WUѭӟF FiF ÿӗQJ FKt Fӕ YҩQ ³SKiL YLrQ TXê
EiX´ FӫD ³0DR FKӫ WӏFK Yƭ ÿҥL´ G FKR FiF Yӏ Qj\ Wӯ WәQJ Fӕ YҩQ .LӅX
+LӇX 4XDQJ WUӣ [XӕQJ FKӍ FKX\rQ PDQJ WKӵF WӃ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKD\ FKR
WKӵF WӃ 9LӋW 1DP 0iX ÿә UQJ UӧQ Wӯ ÿy

9ұ\ Pj QăP NKL QKuQ UD VDL OҫP WK~ QKұQ VDL OҫP Yj ÿӅ UD VӱD
VDL ӣ +ӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR Ĉ&691 NK{QJ
PӝW DL GiP QyL Ju ÿөQJ ÿӃQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF

7ҩW QKLrQ WUiFK QKLӋP WUѭӟF KӃW Oj ӣ WKiL ÿӝ FKӫ TXDQ JLiR ÿLӅX
[D UӡL WKӵF WӃ FӫD Ĉ&691 QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKӇ Eӓ TXD FӝL QJXӗQ FӫD
QKӳQJ VDL OҫP ҩ\ Oj WKiL ÿӝ VQJ EiL 7UXQJ 4XӕF VQJ EiL 0DR VQJ
EiL Ĉ&674 VQJ EiL ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ &&5Ĉ VQJ EiL NLQK QJKLӋP 7UXQJ
4XӕF 1KӳQJ QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR Ĉ&691 ÿm Wӯ QKLӋP YDL WUz FKӫ QKkQ {QJ
ÿҩW QѭӟF PuQK Wӯ QKLӋP YDL WUz OjP FKӫ WURQJ OmQK ÿҥR ÿҩW QѭӟF Wӵ
ELӃQ PuQK WKjQK Nҿ WD\ VDL QJD\ WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF PuQK

&KtQK GR WKiL ÿӝ P TXiQJ VQJ QJRҥL Wr OLӋW WURQJ Wѭ GX\ Yj VX\
OXұQ WKLӃX EҧQ OƭQK Wӵ KjR GkQ WӝF Pj %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Ĉ&691 VXӕW WURQJ
QăP Yj ÿӃQ FXӕL YүQ WLQ Yj WUX\ӅQ Ei F{QJ NKDL UҵQJ ÿӏD
FKӫ 9LӋW 1DP WD UҩW PD TXiL SKҫQ OӟQ JLҩX WKjQK SKҫQ JLDL FҩS ÿӇ FKӍ Oj
SK~ Q{QJ Yj WUXQJ Q{QJ UҩW QKLӅX ÿӏD FKӫ JLҧ Eӝ ÿyQJ NӏFK OjP ÿӏD FKӫ
NKiQJ FKLӃQ UҩW QKLӅX WrQ ÿӏD FKӫ JLҧ Yӡ KăQJ KiL ӫQJ Kӝ FiFK PҥQJ
JyS YjQJ EҥF WLӅQ KLӃQ QKj FKӍ ÿӇ FKH JLҩX WӝL iF QKLӅX WrQ FKXL YjR
Ĉ&6 NK{QJ tW WrQ FzQ FKXL VkX OHR FDR SKҫQ OӟQ ĈҧQJ Eӝ Yj FKL Eӝ
ĈҧQJ YQJ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ %ҳF Eӝ Oj GR Ĉѫ %r GHX[LqPH EXUHDX 3KzQJ
QKu TXkQ YLӉQ FKLQK 3KiS Wә FKӭF

7KHR WK{L WK~F FӫD Fӕ YҩQ 7jX FiF W{Q JLiR Eӏ GLӋW WKҷQJ WD\ Vѭ
VmL FKD Fӕ Eӏ ÿL OjP NKә VDL WLӃQJ FKX{QJ FKD LP EһW WѭӧQJ 3KұW ҧQK
&K~D Eӏ OLӋQJ [XӕQJ DR

7{L QKӟ OҥL JLӳD QăP NKL ³ÿӏD FKӫ FѭӡQJ KjR iF Ei NLrP 9LӋW
JLDQ´ Eӏ EҳQ OD OLӋW Yj EӯD EmL VXӕW Wӯ 7KiL 1JX\rQ YӅ +ѭQJ <rQ 7KiL
%uQK .LӃQ $Q Wӯ +j Ĉ{QJ 1LQK %uQK YjR 1JKӋ $Q +j 7ƭQK Jk\ [{Q
[DR Gӳ GӝL FiF Wӡ WK{QJ WLQ Yj ÿһF VDQ YӅ &&5Ĉ YүQ ÿѭD WLQ YӅ FKӍ WKӏ
FӫD %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Oj ³Wӹ OӋ GkQ Vӕ Oj ÿӏD FKӫ Oj Wӹ OӋ FKtQK [iF WUrQ
WKӵF WӃ´ Yj ³PӛL [m SKҧL Fy tW QKҩW ÿӃQ ÿӏD FKӫ iF Ei ÿӇ FKӏX WӝL Wӱ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 379

KuQK Oj ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ´ 1ѫL QjR NK{QJ ÿҥW QKӳQJ Wӹ OӋ ҩ\ Oj ÿm Eӏ QKLӉP FăQ
EӋQK KӳX NKX\QK SKҧL OjP OҥL SKҧL OX{Q QKӟ ÿk\ Oj ³FXӝF FiFK PҥQJ
ORQJ WUӡL Oӣ ÿҩW´ SKҧL QҳP YӳQJ SKѭѫQJ FKkP ³SKyQJ WD\ SKiW ÿӝQJ
TXҫQ FK~QJ QJKƭD Oj OjP PҥQK G Fy Wҧ NKX\QK ÿ{L FK~W FNJQJ NK{QJ
VDR FzQ KѫQ Oj KӳX NKX\QK´ ³ÿӯQJ H QJҥL FiF ELӋQ SKiS PҥQK QKѭ
ÿҩX Wӕ GQJ ÿ{QJ ÿҧR TXҫQ FK~QJ iS ÿҧR ÿӏFK Yj Nҿ OӯQJ FKӯQJ GQJ
WzD iQ Yj FiF FXӝF [ӱ Wӱ WҥL FKӛ ÿӇ Jk\ NKt WKӃ´ &KtQK OmQK ÿҥR Ĉ&6
ÿm WK{L WK~F FXӝF WjQ ViW ÿӃQ WұQ JLӳD QăP NKL [m KӝL ÿm SKҧQ ӭQJ
PҥQK PӁ

5} UjQJ WuQK KuQK 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj 9LӋW 1DP NKiF KҷQ QKDX YӅ FKtQK
WUӏ NLQK WӃ YӅ FKLӃP KӳX UXӝQJ ÿҩW YӅ FiF JLDL FҩS Yj WҫQJ OӟS ӣ Q{QJ
WK{Q YӅ FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL FKtQK WUӏ ÈS GөQJ Pi\ PyF NLQK QJKLӋP 7UXQJ
4XӕF YjR 9LӋW 1DP U} UjQJ Oj VDL OҫP Fѫ EҧQ QKҩW Oj QJX\rQ QKkQ FӫD
QKӳQJ QJX\rQ QKkQ VDL OҫP NpR GjL GDL GҷQJ KѫQ QăP WUӡL TXD Fҧ
ÿӧW FҧL FiFK ÿӃQ QăP VDX NKL ĈҥL KӝL FӫD Ĉ&6 /LrQ [{ WKiQJ
F{QJ NKDL F{QJ QKұQ VDL OҫP YӅ VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ 6WDOLQ FXӝF
KӑS 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ OҫQ WKӭ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP WKiQJ
PӟL GiP OjP WKHR ÿӇ F{QJ NKDL F{QJ QKұQ VDL OҫP FӫD PuQK

&ҫQ FKӍ UD WKұW U} UҵQJ FXӝF NLӇP ÿLӇP VDL OҫP Qj\ YүQ FzQ UҩW KӡL
KӧW NK{QJ VkX VҳF WULӋW ÿӇ VӱD VDL GR ÿy YүQ FKӍ Vѫ VjL KuQK WKӭF YLQ
Fӟ Oj WURQJ WKӡL NǤ FKLӃQ WUDQK ³SKҧL WUiQK NK{QJ FKR ÿӏFK OӧL GөQJ´
³SKҧL FKLӃX Fӕ PLӅQ 1DP WUiQK OjP FKR Ej FRQ WURQJ 1DP JLҧP QLӅP
WLQ Nҿ ÿӏFK WURQJ 1DP OӧL GөQJ ´

'R WKiL ÿӝ VQJ EiL 7UXQJ 4XӕF H Vӧ Ĉ&674 NLӇP ÿLӇP
VDL OҫP NK{QJ GiP ÿөQJ ÿӃQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF QrQ Wӯ ÿy Ĉ&691
YүQ NpR GjL FăQ EӋQK F~L ÿҫX WURQJ ӭQJ [ӱ YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӟL
QKӳQJ KӋ TXҧ WDL KҥL OkX GjL FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj GkQ WӝF NpR GjL
FKR ÿӃQ WұQ QJj\ QD\ Pj YүQ FKѭD ELӃW EDR JLӡ PӟL FKҩP GӭW
%jQ WD\ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ FKLD ÿ{L 9LӋW 1DP

7X\ NK{QJ WUӵF WLӃS OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ FXӝF &&5Ĉ QKѭQJ FKX\ӋQ Qj\
NK{QJ WKӇ Eӓ TXD NKL QyL ÿӃQ &&5Ĉ Yu Qy [ҧ\ UD QJD\ NKL &&5Ĉ ÿDQJ
ӣ FDR ÿLӇP WҥL 9LӋW 1DP Yj Qy FNJQJ EҳW QJXӗQ Wӯ WKiL ÿӝ VQJ EiL 7UXQJ
4XӕF ӣ WKiL ÿӝ Wӯ QKLӋP TX\ӅQ Wӵ FKӫ TX\ӅQ ÿӝF OұS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP

&KX\ӋQ Qj\ NKi GjL &KӍ [LQ QyL UҩW JӑQ ÿӇ U} GR ÿkX Pj QѭӟF WD
YӕQ OLӅQ PӝW GҧL EӛQJ QKLrQ Eӏ FKLD OjP KDL KDL FKӃ ÿӝ KDL QKj QѭӟF
KDL FKtQK SKӫ KDL SKH YӃW WKѭѫQJ FKLD FҳW ÿӃQ QD\ YүQ FKѭD WKjQK
VҽR Vӵ FKLD FҳW ÿm WiF ÿӝQJ VkX VҳF ÿӃQ FXӝF VӕQJ FӫD PӛL JLD ÿuQK

380 LONG ĐIỀN

PӛL FRQ QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ KѫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ TXD

1ѭӟF &ӝQJ KzD 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ +RD ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS QJj\
ÿӃQ QKӳQJ QăP Yӏ WUt TXӕF WӃ FzQ UҩW WKҩS PmL ÿӃQ
QăP %ҳF .LQK PӟL ÿѭӧF YjR /LrQ +ӧS 4XӕF 0DR Yj &KX ÆQ
/DL ÿm Vӱ GөQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK 3KiS 9LӋW QKѭ PӝW SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ ÿӇ WuP
NLӃP PӝW Wѭ WKӃ QJRҥL JLDR WUrQ WUѭӡQJ TXӕF WӃ 0RVNYD ÿm WLӃS WD\ FKR
%ҳF .LQK ÿӅ [ѭӟQJ FXӝF KӑS TXӕF WӃ ӣ *HQqYH 7Kө\ 6ӻ ÿҫX QăP
QKҵP WuP JLҧL SKiS FKR KDL FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK ӣ 7ULӅX 7LrQ Yj ӣ
9LӋW 1DP 0ӻ $QK Yj 3KiS ÿӅX WiQ WKjQK Ĉk\ Oj FXӝF UD PҳW TXӕF WӃ
ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD QѭӟF 7UXQJ +RD FӝQJ VҧQ ĈRjQ ÿҥL ELӇX 7UXQJ 4XӕF GR
7Kӫ WѭӟQJ NLrP 1JRҥL WUѭӣQJ &KX ÆQ /DL GүQ ÿҫX 4XD NӇ OҥL YăQ NLӋQ
KӝL QJKӏ Yj KӗL Nê FӫD QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW WKDP Gӵ QKѭ 0RORWRY 1JRҥL
WUѭӣQJ /LrQ ;{ &KX ÆQ /DL 1JRҥL WUѭӣQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 3KҥP 9ăQ
ĈӗQJ 1JRҥL WUѭӣQJ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD 7ҥ 4XDQJ %ӱX
7Kӭ WUѭӣQJ 4XӕF SKzQJ PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP WKu WKRҥW ÿҫX ÿRjQ
PLӅQ %ҳF FKӍ Fy PӝW Gӵ NLӃQ Oj QJӯQJ EҳQ WҥL FKӛ WURQJ NKL FKӡ WKӡL
KҥQ FXӝF WәQJ WX\ӇQ Fӱ Wӵ GR WUrQ WRjQ TXӕF Ĉy Oj QJӯQJ EҳQ WKHR NLӇX
³GD EiR´ WӯQJ YQJ [HQ NӁ YӟL QKDX NK{QJ FKLD ÿ{L NK{QJ FҳW QJDQJ
ÿҩW QѭӟF TXD PӝW Yƭ WX\ӃQ QKҩW ÿӏQK

7URQJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ TXkQ Vӵ FӫD FiF WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS 1JX\ӉQ
&Kt 7KDQK /r 7UӑQJ 7ҩQ 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7Uj KӗL ҩ\ OұS WUѭӡQJ ³QJӯQJ
EҳQ WҥL FKӛ´ GӵD WUrQ WKӃ WUұQ ÿDQJ WKXұQ OӧL WUrQ WRjQ TXӕF Yj QKuQ
UӝQJ KѫQ Oj WKӃ WUұQ WUrQ WRjQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 7UrQ FKLӃQ
WUѭӡQJ FKtQK Oj PLӅQ %ҳF FKLӃQ WKҳQJ YDQJ GӝL ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ÿm ÿѭӧF
Vӵ SKӕL KӧS Yj Kӛ WUӧ NKi PҥQK FӫD FiF FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ 7Uӏ 7KLrQ 7k\
1JX\rQ QѫL Fҧ *0 Eӏ WLrX GLӋW WUrQ ÿѭӡQJ Yj Ĉ{QJ 1DP
Eӝ Yj ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ 0rN{QJ FNJQJ QKѭ ӣ JҫQ /XDQJ 3UDEDQJ 3KRQJ
6DO\ 3DNVp 6pQ{ ӣ /jR 9QJ JLҧL SKyQJ UӝQJ OӟQ ӣ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ /LrQ
NKX Oj QJXӗQ QKkQ OӵF Yj YұW OӵF TXDQ WUӑQJ FKR FXӝF FKLӃQ

1JѭӡL ÿӅ UD YLӋF FKLD FҳW 9LӋW 1DP OjP KDL PLӅQ FKtQK Oj &KX ÆQ
/DL QKҵP OjP FKR FXӝF KӑS NӃW WK~F QKDQK ÿѭӧF SKtD FKtQK SKӫ 3KiS
WiQ WKjQK QJD\ JLӳD WKiL ÿӝ VӱQJ VӕW QJӥ QJjQJ FӫD WUѭӣQJ ÿRjQ 3KҥP
9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yj WҩW Fҧ ÿRjQ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD ĈҫX WKiQJ
&KX ÆQ /DL Wӯ *HQqYH WUӣ YӅ %ҳF .LQK EiR FiR YӟL 0DR UӗL
JKp TXD /LӉX &KkX ӣ 4XҧQJ 7k\ JҫQ ELrQ JLӟL 7UXQJ 9LӋW WULӋX WұS
{QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj WѭӟQJ *LiS VDQJ JһS WҥL ÿy pS EXӝF FKҩS QKұQ
JLҧL SKiS FKLD FҳW &KX pS UҵQJ ³0DR FKӫ WӏFK ÿm WiQ WKjQK ê NLӃQ Qj\
FKLD FҳW FKӍ WҥP WKӡL WK{L WURQJ NKL FKӡ WәQJ WX\ӇQ Fӱ WRjQ TXӕF SKҧL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 381

JLҧL TX\ӃW VӟP NK{QJ WKu 0ӻ VӁ FDQ WKLӋS ´ ÐQJ +ӗ EăQ NKRăQ ÿjQK
F~L ÿҫX WѭӟQJ *LiS FD\ ÿҳQJ YүQ SKҧL YkQJ OӡL &KX FzQ QJӓ ê YLӋF
FKLD FҳW VӁ ӣ YjR TXmQJ Yƭ WX\ӃQ QѫL KӗL FiF QѭӟF ĈӗQJ PLQK
TX\ ÿӏQK UDQK JLӟL FKR YLӋF JLҧL JLӟL TXkQ SKiW [tW 1KұW TXkQ $QK ӣ
SKtD 1DP TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD 7ѭӣQJ ӣ SKtD %ҳF

1Jj\ QJD\ WUѭӟF QJj\ Nê +LӋS ÿӏQK *HQqYH FKtQK FNJQJ
OҥL &KX ÆQ /DL pS 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ FKҩS QKұQ YLӋF FKLD FҳW ӣ Yƭ WX\ӃQ
GӑF WKHR V{QJ %ӃQ +ҧL YLӋQ Fӟ UҵQJ 7KӯD 7KLrQ +XӃ Oj &ӕ ÿ{
Fy QKLӃX OăQJ WҭP QKj 1JX\ӉQ QrQ 3KiS Yj {QJ %ҧR ĈҥL NK{QJ FKӏX
QKѭӧQJ Eӝ /ҥL PӝW TXҧ ÿҳQJ SKҧL QXӕW Yu WUѭӟF ÿy 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ
7ҥ 4XDQJ %ӱX QKұQ ÿLӋQ FӫD WѭӟQJ *LiS Wӯ +j 1ӝL ÿm Fz Nq YӟL SKtD
3KiS ÿѭӡQJ FKLD FҳW SKҧL ӣ Yƭ WX\ӃQ TXD ÿqR &ҧ UӗL OL YӅ Yƭ WX\ӃQ
UӗL Fӕ JLӳ ӣ Yƭ WX\ӃQ SKtD 1DP ÿqR +ҧL 9kQ QKѭ &KX ÆQ
/DL WӯQJ KӭD KҽQ Pj FNJQJ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF &KӍ WKӏ WUѭӟF ÿy FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ
ĈӗQJ FKR 7ҥ 4XDQJ %ӱX NKL PһF Fҧ YӟL SKtD 3KiS ³NK{QJ ÿѭӧF ÿӇ
PҩW YQJ 1DP 1JmL %uQK 3K~ 4XҧQJ 1DP 4XҧQJ 1JmL %uQK ĈӏQK
3K~ <rQ ´ FKӍ Oj ê PXӕQ KmR KX\ӅQ

&KtQK FRQ GDR %ҳF .LQK WURQJ EjQ WD\ FӫD 0DR Yj &KX ÆQ /DL ÿm
FҳW ÿ{L ÿҩW QѭӟF WD YӟL Vӵ ÿӗQJ WKXұQ FӫD QKyP OmQK ÿҥR FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ +j
1ӝL 6ӵ FKLD FҳW ÿӝF iF ҩ\ QҵP WURQJ FKLӃQ OѭӧF FKLD ÿӇ WUӏ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ
FӫD FiF WKӃ OӵF EjQK WUѭӣQJ FNJQJ QKѭ FӫD WKӵF GkQ ÿӇ OҥL QKӳQJ GL KҥL
OkX GjL %ҳF .LQK Oj Nҿ KѭӣQJ OӧL OӟQ QKҩW WҥL *HQqYH QăP ÿѭӧF
QkQJ FDR Yӏ WUt TXӕF WӃ ÿѭӧF WLӃQJ Oj Fy ³ÿyQJ JyS QәL EұW FKR KzD EuQK
ӣ FKkX È´ ÿѭӧF ÿyQJ YDL FѭӡQJ TXӕF WKӃ JLӟL

7KiL ÿӝ FDP FKӏX OjP FKѭ KҫX FKR 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj ÿѭӡQJ OӕL
FKLӃQ OѭӧF QKҩW TXiQ [ѭD QD\ FӫD Ĉ&691 ÿѭӧF NKҷQJ ÿӏQK WURQJ
ÿLӅX OӋ FӫD ĈҧQJ NӇ Wӯ QăP ĈҥL KӝL ,,, JKL U} Oҩ\ Wѭ WѭӣQJ
0DR OjP QӅQ WҧQJ Oê OXұQ ĈѭӡQJ OӕL ҩ\ FKӍ WҥP QJѭQJ PӝW WKӡL
JLDQ QJҳQ NKL EQJ Qә PkX WKXүQ ;{±7UXQJ Yj FKLӃQ WUDQK ELrQ JLӟL
9LӋW±7UXQJ QKѭQJ QJD\ VDX NKL Ĉ&6 /LrQ [{ WDQ Yӥ WKiQJ
ÿѭӡQJ OӕL ҩ\ OҥL ÿѭӧF NK{L SKөF FzQ PһQ Pj FKһW FKӁ KѫQ
WUѭӟF VXӕW Wӯ VDX ĈҥL KӝL 9,, ÿӃQ ĈҥL KӝL ; ÿѭӧF Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL
Yj /r ĈӭF $QK EҧR Nr FzQ NpR GjL FKѭD ELӃW ÿӃQ EDR JLӡ PӟL KӃW
&KtQK KDL QKkQ YұW Qj\ PӝW PһW SKҧL FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP WURQJ YLӋF ÿӇ %ҳF
.LQK OҩQ ÿҩW OҩQ ELӇQ QѭӟF WD TXD KDL +LӋS ÿӏQK 9LӋW±7UXQJ Yj
PһW NKiF WURQJ YLӋF WUu KRmQ Nê NӃW +LӋS ÿӏQK 9LӋW 0ӻ FҧQ EѭӟF 9LӋW
1DP VӟP JLD QKұS :72 WKHR WKkP ê FӫD FiF QKj OmQK ÿҥR ӣ %ҳF .LQK

382 LONG ĐIỀN

1KҳF ÿӃQ WKiL ÿӝ EҥF QKѭӧF FӫD QKyP OmQK ÿҥR FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ +j 1ӝL
WUѭӟF WKӃ OӵF EjQK WUѭӟQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF [LQ QKӟ {QJ FKD WD YүQ FăQ GһQ
Oj SKҧL FӭQJ FӓL YӅ QJX\rQ WҳF GӵD YjR ê FKt ÿӝF OұS FӫD WRjQ NKӕL GkQ
WӝF NK{QJ WKӇ FKLD UӁ \ӃX ÿXӕL ÿӇ Kӑ OҩQ OѭӟW ³ÿѭӧF ÿҵQJ FKkQ OkQ
ÿҵQJ ÿҫX´ ÿӗQJ WKӡL NK{QJ NKLrX NKtFK NK{Q NKpR JLӳ KzD NKt ÿӇ GX\
WUu TXDQ KӋ OiQJ JLӅQJ EuQK WKѭӡQJ Yj EuQK ÿҷQJ

1KLӅX QKj WUt WKӭF GӣP ErQK FKH FKR WKiL ÿӝ TXӷ Oө\ GDL GҷQJ FӫD
%ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Ĉ&691 WKѭӡQJ YLӋQ Yӏ WUt ÿӏD Oê 9LӋW 1DP ӣ ViW QѭӟF
NKәQJ Oӗ QrQ SKҧL Fy WKiL ÿӝ ELӃW WKkQ SKұQ PuQK WKHR KӑF WKX\ӃW ÿӏD
Oê FKtQK WUӏ Kӑ Oê JLҧL QJѭӡL WD NK{QJ WKӇ FKӑQ OiQJ JLӅQJ ÿk\ Oj ÿӏQK
PӋQK SKҧL ELӃW VӕQJ ÿӇ WӗQ WҥL Fӭ SKҧL FKӡ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿәL PӟL
ÿӃQ ÿkX WD ÿәL WKHR ÿӃQ ÿҩ\

6RQJ FKҷQJ SKҧL PӝW ORҥW QѭӟF VӕQJ FҥQK 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy ELrQ JLӟL
YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF ҨQ Ĉӝ 0LӃQ ĈLӋQ 0{QJ &ә YүQ JLӳ YӳQJ ÿӝF OұS
Wӵ FKӫ ÿy VDR" +ӑ ÿkX Fy WK~F WKӫ FKӏX ÿӵQJ FiL EҩW KҥQK ÿӏD Oê±FKtQK
WUӏ Oj Fy PӝW QѭӟF OiQJ JLӅQJ NKәQJ Oӗ %ҧQ WKkQ GkQ WӝF +iQ OӟQ ÿӃQ
Yұ\ OX{Q Wӵ KjR Oj ĈҥL +iQ WӝF VӕQJ Wӯ QJjQ [ѭD WUrQ ÿҩW 7UXQJ 4XӕF
WKӃ Pj WӯQJ Eӏ QKӳQJ GkQ WӝF QKӓ Ep ӣ 0{QJ &ә Yj 0mQ &KkX WUjQ
VDQJ WKӕQJ WUӏ WKӡL 1JX\rQ 0{QJ Yj 0mQ 7KDQK

1Jj\ QD\ YӟL NKRD KӑF Nӻ WKXұW Yj F{QJ QJKLӋS TXӕF SKzQJ SKiW
WULӇQ FDR NK{QJ JLDQ Yj WKӡL JLDQ Eӏ WKX OҥL UҩW KҽS TXDQ KӋ TXӕF WӃ
WUrQ Fѫ Vӣ QKӳQJ JLi WUӏ FӫD WKӡL ÿҥL ÿѭӧF WRjQ FҫX KyD YӟL Wә FKӭF /LrQ
+ӧS 4XӕF NK{QJ SKҧL GӉ Ju Pj PӝW QѭӟF OӟQ OҩQ iS WKӕQJ WUӏ ÿѭӧF
PӝW QѭӟF OiQJ JLӅQJ WUӯ SKL QKyP OmQK ÿҥR FӫD FKtQK QѭӟF ÿy GҥL GӝW
Wӵ QJX\ӋQ OjP FKѭ KҫX FKR QѭӟF OӟQ

0yQ Qӧ OѭX FӳX FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿӕL YӟL Q{QJ GkQ 9LӋW
Nam

7URQJ &&5Ĉ Q{QJ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm FKӏX EDR QKLrX WәQ WKҩW" 7KHR
WKӕQJ Nr QӝL Eӝ FӫD Ĉ&6 FKѭD ÿѭӧF F{QJ NKDL KyD ӣ QKӳQJ YQJ ÿm
OjP &&5Ĉ

6ӕ ³ÿӏD FKӫ WKѭӡQJ´ Vӕ TX\ VDL Wӹ OӋ VDL

6ӕ ³ÿӏD FKӫ NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ Vӕ TX\ VDL Wӹ OӋ VDL

6ӕ ³ÿӏD FKӫ FѭӡQJ KjR iF Ei´ Vӕ TX\ VDL Wӹ OӋ VDL
77%

1Kѭ Yұ\ Oj ÿm Fy KѫQ QJjQ JLD ÿuQK ÿӏD FKӫ ÿm Eӏ EҳW Eӟ ÿҩX Wӕ
KjQK Kҥ PӛL JLD ÿuQK Fy WUXQJ EuQK ÿӃQ QJѭӡL Eӏ OLrQ TXDQ QrQ Vӕ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 383

Eӏ QҥQ OrQ ÿӃQ QJjQ QJѭӡL +ӑ PҩW QKj PҩW WLӅQ FӫD PӝW Vӕ Wӵ ViW
FzQ VӕQJ FNJQJ ÿyL NKә ӕP ÿDX VX\ NLӋW NKi ÿ{QJ JLD ÿuQK Eӏ WDQ Yӥ
FRQ FiL WKҩW KӑF Eѫ Yѫ

6ӕ ³FѭӡQJ KjR iF Ei´ Eӏ FRL Oj RDQ KD\ NK{QJ RDQ Eӏ W ÿҫ\ ÿiQK
ÿұS WUD WҩQ UӗL Eӏ EҳQ OrQ ÿӃQ KѫQ QJjQ WtQK Fҧ JLD ÿuQK Eӏ ÿLrX ÿӭQJ
WKHR WKu FRQ Vӕ Eӏ QҥQ Fy WKӇ OrQ ÿӃQ KѫQ QJjQ 9ұ\ Oj WtQK Vѫ Vѫ Vӕ
QҥQ QKkQ WUӵF WLӃS QyL FKXQJ OrQ ÿӃQ QӱD WULӋX FRQ QJѭӡL

&KѭD KӃW WKHR WKӕQJ Nr QӝL Eӝ WURQJ FKӍQK ÿӕQ Wә FKӭF ÿѭӧF WLӃQ
KjQK ӣ FKL Eӝ Ĉ&6 JӗP Fy YҥQ ÿҧQJ YLrQ ÿm Fy ÿӃQ
ÿҧQJ YLrQ Eӏ [ӱ WUt Eӏ W WUD WҩQ [Ӎ Yҧ Eӏ JLӃW FKLӃP &RQ Vӕ
NKӫQJ NKLӃS Qj\ QKLӅX KѫQ Vӕ ÿӏD FKӫ Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ ÿm ÿѭӧF JLӳ UҩW NtQ
7{L Fy QKӳQJ EҥQ WKkQ ÿӗQJ ÿӝL FҩS WUXQJ ÿRjQ KӗL ҩ\ FKѭD Fy TXkQ
KjP Oj WUXQJ ÿRjQ WUѭӣQJ WӍQK ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ Eӏ ÿiQK UөQJ KӃW UăQJ
P PҳW Jү\ FKkQ PӝW Vӕ NKL VӱD VDL WKu ÿm Eӏ ODR SKәL QһQJ GR SKҧL
QҵP ÿҩW ҭP FKӍ Fy PDQK FKLӃX UiFK 6ӕ ÿҧQJ YLrQ Eӏ WUD WҩQ FzQ WjQ
NKӕF KѫQ GkQ WKѭӡQJ Yu Eӏ FRL Oj SKҫQ Wӱ WK ÿӏFK FKXL YjR ĈҧQJ ÿӇ
SKi Wӯ ErQ WURQJ +ҫX KӃW Oj ÿҧQJ YLrQ WUt WKӭF Fy WUuQK ÿӝ KӑF YҩQ NKi
1KӳQJ ELӋQ SKiS VӱD VDL ÿӅX KӡL KӧW TXD ORD Yu SKҫQ OӟQ FӫD FҧL ÿm Eӏ
FKLD FKiF UѫL YmL WDQ QiW KӃW FzQ QJѭӡL FKӃW WұW EӋQK KLӇP QJKqR ÿDX
NKә NK{QJ WKӇ NK{L SKөF QәL &ҫQ FKӍ U} WKiL ÿӝ Y{ WUiFK QKLӋP ÿҥR
ÿӭF JLҧ FӫD OmQK ÿҥR NKL ED KRD YӅ VӱD VDL ³NӏS WKӡL´ ³WKjQK NKҭQ´
³KRjQ WKjQK VӱD VDL´

9ӟL WKӡL JLDQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ QKuQ OҥL FKR VkX VҳF WKӃ Oj Fҧ PӝW OӟS
Q{QJ GkQ WKXӝF WҫQJ OӟS WUrQ ӣ Q{QJ WK{Q Fy YăQ KyD Yj NLӃQ WKӭF DP
KLӇX VkX QJKӅ OjP UXӝQJ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ ÿm Eӏ WLrX GLӋW QKkQ GDQK FiFK
PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ

0yQ Qӧ FӫD Ĉ&6 YүQ FKѭD KӃW 1JD\ VDX &&5Ĉ FKѭD NӏS VӱD VDL
[RQJ Ĉ&6 ÿm pS Q{QJ GkQ ÿL YjR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ WұS WKӇ KyD Q{QJ QJKLӋS
WKHR FKӍ WKӏ FӫD 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR +ӧS WiF [m Wӯ EұF WKҩS OrQ EұF FDR Wӯ
KӧS WiF [m WӯQJ [yP WK{Q ÿӃQ KӧS WiF [m WRjQ [m WKHR NLӇX &{QJ [m
QKkQ GkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj Q{QJ WUѭӡQJ [{ YLӃW ӣ 1JD 0iX NK{QJ WX{Q
FKҧ\ QKѭQJ ÿy Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ QJKqR ÿyL Um KӑQJ FKӃW GҫQ FKӃW PzQ VXӕW
QăP Wӯ ÿӃQ Q{QJ GkQ FKӍ VӕQJ FҫP KѫL QKӡ PҧQK ÿҩW
ÿӇ OҥL FKR WӯQJ Kӝ WURQJ NKL GLӋQ WtFK ÿѭD YjR WұS WKӇ NK{QJ VҧQ
[XҩW QәL VҧQ SKҭP QJDQJ EҵQJ NLD 0һF FKR Q{QJ GkQ QJKqR ÿyL
ÿӃQ FQJ FӵF PһF FKR Y{ YjQ ÿҧQJ YLrQ NrX WUӡL OrQ YӅ Vӵ SKL Oê QJX
PXӝL QKѭ Et WKѭ WӍQK ӫ\ 9ƭQK 3K~ .LP 1JӑF Eӏ YL GұS NK{QJ WKѭѫQJ

384 LONG ĐIỀN

WLӃF Q{QJ GkQ QKLӅX QѫL Eӏ GӗQ ÿӃQ WKӃ NKӕQ FQJ ÿm [p UjR Wӵ FӭX Oҩ\
PuQK O~F ҩ\ ĈҧQJ PӟL ³ViQJ VXӕW´ FKӏX Pӣ PҳW WKHR

1JD\ VDX NKL Q{QJ GkQ WKRiW NKӓL FKLӃF J{QJ FP WұS WKӇ KyD FӫD
Ĉ&6 ÿѭӧF Wӵ GR VҧQ [XҩW WUrQ ÿӗQJ UXӝQJ PuQK VDX QăP OұS WӭF
VҧQ OѭӧQJ JҥR QKҧ\ YӑW ÿӇ 9LӋW 1DP WUӣ WKjQK QѭӟF VҧQ [XҩW JҥR KjQJ
ÿҫX ÿLӅX Qj\ FjQJ FKӭQJ Wӓ Ĉ&6 ÿm WұQ WuQK WjQ SKi Yj EҫQ FQJ KyD
Q{QJ QJKLӋS ÿӃQ PӭF QjR WURQJ VXӕW JҫQ QăP WUӡL Pө PүP Yj P
quáng.

&QJ YӟL WDL KӑD NKӫQJ NKLӃS WұS WKӇ KyD Q{QJ QJLӋS Ĉ&6 KX\
ÿӝQJ KjQJ WULӋX WKDQK QLrQ Q{QJ WK{Q YjR TXkQ ÿӝL QKkQ GkQ NK{QJ tW
WXәL WUҿ ÿm SKҧL VLQK %ҳF Wӱ 1DP Yj QJD\ VDX ÿy KѫQ YҥQ OtQK Q{QJ
GkQ ÿm Eӓ PҥQJ WUrQ ÿҩW &DPEӕW YӟL YҥQ Eӏ WKѭѫQJ 9j KLӋQ QD\
ĈҧQJ ÿDQJ ÿӅQ ѫQ ÿiS QJKƭD Q{QJ GkQ UD VDR" %LӃW EDR Pҽ DQK KQJ
Pҽ OLӋW Vƭ QӕL ÿX{L QKDX WUѭӟF FiF QKj ³WLӃS GkQ´ Yu UXӝQJ ÿҩW QKj FӱD
ÿm Eӏ TXDQ FKӭF ĈҧQJ FѭӡQJ KjR FӝQJ VҧQ FѭӟS ÿRҥW

9ұ\ WKu FkX KӓL Ĉ&6 ÿm WUҧ KӃW Qӧ YӟL Q{QJ GkQ KD\ FKѭD YүQ FzQ
QJX\rQ WtQK FKҩW QyQJ EӓQJ ĈӗQJ UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿDL Oj VLQK PҥQJ FӫD Q{QJ
GkQ +LӃQ SKiS YүQ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WKXӝF TX\ӅQ Vӣ KӳX FӫD WRjQ
GkQ 1Kj QѭӟF GR Ĉ&6 GӵQJ QrQ WKD\ PһW WRjQ GkQ QҳP TX\ӅQ Vӣ KӳX
ҩ\ &XӕL FQJ Oj Ĉ&6 OӝQJ TX\ӅQ Wӵ WXQJ Wӵ WiF FKLD FKiF UXӝQJ ÿҩW
W\ WLӋQ ÿӇ ÿӃQ QD\ TXDQ FKӭF ĈҧQJ FiF FҩS SKҫQ OӟQ WUӣ WKjQK QKӳQJ
ÿӏD FKӫ Wѭ VҧQ PӟL FKӫ QKj ÿҩW PӟL SK~ Q{QJ PӟL OjP FKӫ ÿҩW UXӝQJ
UӯQJ Kӗ DR ӣ NKҳS PӑL QѫL

1{QJ GkQ QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW QJj\ QD\ JӑL FiF TXDQ FKӭF ĈҧQJ Oj
ONJ ³ÿӏD WһF´ ONJ JLһF FѭӟS ÿҩW FӫD GkQ QKӳQJ NLӋQ FiR NKLӃX NLӋQ YӅ
UXӝQJ ÿҩW QKj FӱD ӣ NKҳS PӑL QѫL QJj\ FjQJ FKӗQJ FKҩW PӝW Yө FKѭD
JLҧL TX\ӃW ÿm OҥL Qә UD WUăP QJjQ Yө NKiF RDQ NKLrQ RiQ JLұQ QJ~W WUӡL
NK{QJ Fy FiFK Ju JLҧL TX\ӃW QәL

1KuQ FKXQJ Q{QJ GkQ QѭӟF WD QKѭ FRQ Ez FiL NKӓH PҥQK ÿm Eӏ YҳW
NLӋW VӳD Eӓ ÿyL GjL GjL QD\ WUѫ [ѭѫQJ FD\ ÿҳQJ QKuQ YӅ WKjQK SKӕ UD
Yҿ VXQJ W~F SKӗQ YLQK QJұP QJL YӅ Vӵ OҥF KұX EҩW F{QJ YӅ Vӵ SKҧQ
EӝL OӡL KӭD [k\ GӵQJ PӝW Q{QJ WK{Q [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD WLrQ WLӃQ JLjX VDQJ
FӫD Ĉ&6 Ĉk\ Oj PyQ Qӧ FӵF OӟQ

.ӃW OXұQ

1KuQ OҥL FXӝF &&5Ĉ Yj PӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD Q{QJ GkQ 9LӋW QDP Yj
Ĉ&6 WURQJ KѫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ TXD Fy WKӇ NӃW OXұQ ÿy Oj PӕL TXDQ KӋ WX\ӋW
hҧR WӕW ÿҽS KD\ FKӍ Oà mӝW EL NӏFK NpR Gài. Câu hӓL QyQJ EӓQJ U~W UD Wӯ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 385

WKӵF WӃ OӏFK Vӱ Oj

ĈӃQ EDR JLӡ Ĉ&691 PӟL WUҧ OҥL TX\ӅQ Wѭ KӳX UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿҫ\ ÿӫ FKR
Q{QJ GkQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿm Yj ÿDQJ NKDL NKҭQ ODR ÿӝQJ OjP UD Q{QJ
VҧQ FKR [m KӝL Yj WUҧ OҥL FKR PӑL WҫQJ OӟS [m KӝL TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR ÿҫ\ ÿӫ
YӅ NLQK WӃ FKtQK WUӏ YăQ KyD Yj W{Q JLiR QKѭ WURQJ PӝW [m KӝL GkQ FKӫ
YăQ PLQK"

ĈӃQ EDR JLӡ Ĉ&691 PӟL WUӣ YӅ YӟL QӅQ ÿӝF OұS Wӵ FKӫ FӫD GkQ WӝF
Wӯ Eӓ WKiL ÿӝ WKҫQ SKөF QѭӟF OӟQ NK{L SKөF FiF YQJ ÿҩW Yj YQJ ELӇQ
ÿm PҩW ÿӇ FQJ QKkQ GkQ PuQK WKHR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ SKiW WULӇQ ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ JҳQ
Ey YӟL WKӡL ÿҥL GkQ FKӫ YăQ PLQK"

7UrQ ÿk\ Oj KӗL WѭӣQJ Yj VX\ QJKƭ FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL WӯQJ ӣ WURQJ
OzQJ FXӝF &&5Ĉ ÿӇ TXDQ ViW Yj WKXұW OҥL QKkQ GӏS QӱD WKӃ Nӹ FXӝF
VӱD VDL WKiQJ ;LQ FKӟ YӝL FKR Oj W{L ÿm Fӕ WuQK WKәL SKӗQJ
Vӵ NLӋQ SKyQJ ÿҥL WuQK KuQK Yu FD\ F~ NK{QJ FzQ ӣ WURQJ ĈҧQJ 7{L
ÿm Fӕ JLӳ WLQK WKҫQ WUXQJ WKӵF FӫD PӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ GkQ FKӫ Oҩ\ Vӵ WKұW
Yj FKӍ Fy Vӵ WKұW OjP PөF WLrX Yj ÿӝQJ OӵF WLQK WKҫQ QKҵP OjP FKR
Ej FRQ Q{QJ GkQ WD WXәL WUҿ Yj Fҧ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ QKuQ OҥL
PӝW FiFK WӍQK WiR Yj OѭѫQJ WKLӋQ YӅ QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF QӅQ
ÿӝF OұS GkQ WӝF Yj TXDQ KӋ JLӳD Q{QJ GkQ 9LӋW QDP Yj Ĉ&691
1JѭӡL YLӃW PRQJ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX ê NLӃQ QKұQ [pW ÿӕL WKRҥL Yj WUDQK OXұQ
Wӯ PӑL KѭӟQJ Wӯ FiF QKj QJKLrQ FӭX ӣ WURQJ QѭӟF FiF YLӋQ Vƭ JLiR Vѭ
VLQK YLrQ QJjQK FKtQK WUӏ OӏFK Vӱ WULӃW KӑF NLQK WӃ YăQ KyD FӫD +ӑF
YLӋQ &KtQK WUӏ 4XӕF JLD Yj 9LӋQ .KRD KӑF ;m KӝL Yj 1KkQ YăQ ÿһF ELӋW
Oj Wӯ WXәL WUҿ WURQJ Yj QJRjL QѭӟF Yj Ej FRQ Q{QJ GkQ TXê PӃQ

Paris tháng 10-2006 .

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK WKHR WjL OLӋX FӫD SKH NK{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ

7UѭӡQJ &KLQK 7rQ ÿӗ WӇ WURQJ FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ĈҩX Wӕ
FKD Pҽ JLӃW QJѭӡL NK{QJ JӟP WD\

http://www.greenspun.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl?msg_
id=00C4hk

7UѭӡQJ FKLQK FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW

³6DX NKL FKLӃP ÿѭӧF PLӅQ %ҳF 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK O~F ÿy Oj 7әQJ %t
7Kѭ ĈҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP WӭF ĈҧQJ &6 WUi KuQK ÿm UұS NKX{Q
WKHR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ WKӵF KLӋQ FKҷQJ QKӳQJ WӕW Pj FzQ KѫQ QӳD ³&KtQK
ViFK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW´ ÿӇ WKӵF KLӋQ PөF WLrX ³ĈҩX WUDQK JLDL FҩS´
FODVV VWUXJJOH WKHR ÿ~QJ JLiR ÿLӅX FӫD &6

386 LONG ĐIỀN

3KRQJ WUjR Qҫ\ ÿm WKұW Vӵ WLӃQ KjQK Wӯ FXӕL QăP WҥL /LrQ .KX
,9 7KDQK +yD Yj 1JKӋ $Q Yj FKtQK WKӭF WLӃQ KjQK UҫP Uӝ NKL &6
FKLӃP WRjQ PLӅQ %ҳF WURQJ QăP

0өF ÿtFK FӫD FKtQK ViFK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW JRP WKX WҩW Fҧ ÿҩW ÿDL
Yj UXӝQJ YѭӡQ YӅ PӝW {QJ FKӫ GX\ QKҩW Oj ĈҧQJ +ӑ [~L GөF JLӟL EҫQ
Q{QJ Oj QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ QJKqR QKҩW WURQJ [m KӝL QәL Gұ\ WLrX GLӋW
ED JLӟL WUXQJ Q{QJ SK~ Q{QJ Yj ÿӏD FKӫ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy WUrQ
GѭӟL VjR UXӝQJ VjR P Yj PӝW FRQ WUkX KD\ PӝW FRQ Ez WUӣ
OrQ 7UXQJ Q{QJ VjR UXӝQJ SK~ Q{QJ VjR FRQ WUkX KD\ Ez
ÿӏD FKӫ Fy QKLӅX UXӝQJ ÿҩW NK{QJ OjP YLӋF WUrQ UXӝQJ VӕQJ QKӡ ÿӏD
tô).

.ӃW TXҧ Oj PӝW FXӝF WjQ ViW Gm PDQ GLӉQ UD QKҵP WұQ GLӋW FiF JLDL
FҩS WK QJKӏFK YӟL FKӫ QJKƭD &6 1JѭӡL JLjX Fy ӣ Q{QJ WK{Q Eӏ ÿѭD UD
ÿҩX Wӕ WҥL PӝW SKLrQ [ӱ FӫD WzD iQ QKkQ GkQ YӅ WӝL ³EӕF OӝW´ +uQK SKҥW
QKҽ Oj SKҥW W Wҭ\ QmR Wӯ QăP KD\ KѫQ QKѭQJ WKѭӡQJ QKҩW Oj Wӱ
KuQK YӟL QKLӅX KuQK WKӭF ĈҥL ÿӇ WKu EҧQ iQ Wӱ KuQK ÿѭӧF WKL KjQK QJD\
WҥL SKiS WUѭӡQJ WKѭӡQJ Oj FK{Q VӕQJ Fy QѫL FK{Q VӕQJ QKѭQJ ÿӇ ÿҫX
WUӗL OrQ NKӓL PһW ÿҩW UӗL FKR WUkX Ez Fj\ EӯD FKR ÿӃQ NKL ÿҫX QҥQ QKkQ
OuD NKӓL Fә Fy QѫL QҥQ QKkQ Eӏ WUyL YjR FӝW UӗL Eӏ E£Q Yj [iF YL QJD\ WҥL
SKiS WUѭӡQJ OҥL Fy QѫL &6 NKtFK ÿӝQJ GkQ WKL ÿXD KjQK [iF QҥQ QKkQ
KҥFK KӓL ÿҩP ÿi Kҥ QKөF UӗL Oҩ\ ÿi QpP YjR QҥQ QKkQ FKR WӟL FKӃW OҥL
Fy FKӛ [{ QҥQ QKkQ YjR ә NLӃQ OӱD FKR FKӃW ÿDX ÿӟQ KRһF WUyL NKӫ\ WD\
Eӓ YjR Uӑ Yj GuP [XӕQJ QѭӟF FKR ÿӃQ NKL WҳW WKӣ

7URQJ NKL EҧQ iQ ÿѭӧF WKL KjQK FiQ Eӝ &6 WұS WUXQJ Ej FRQ FӫD
QҥQ QKkQ ÿӭQJ NӃ ErQ ÿӇ FKӭQJ NLӃQ /X{Q OX{Q ӣ PӑL FXӝF ÿҩX Wӕ &6
WKѭӡQJ OӧL GөQJ WkP Oê EҵQJ FiFK ³{Q QJKqR NӇ NKә´ ÿӇ TXҫQ FK~QJ
FjQJ WӭF NKt WKL KjQK EҧQ iQ Pj NK{QJ QKkQ QKѭӧQJ 3KLP ³&K~QJ W{L
PXӕQ VӕQJ´ FKLӃX ӣ 91 WUѭӟF ÿm P{ Wҧ SKҫQ QjR Vӵ UQJ UӧQ FӫD
CCRD.

7jL VҧQ UXӝQJ QѭѫQJ WUkX Ez FӫD Nҿ Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ Eӏ WӏFK WKX QyL Oj ÿӇ
FKLD FKR JLӟL Y{ VҧQ QKѭQJ WKұW Vӵ UѫL YjR WD\ ĈҧQJ WҥL ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ
&KLӃQ GӏFK Qҫ\ ODQ WUjQ NK£S PLӅQ %£F WtQK WUXQJ EuQK PӛL OjQJ Eӏ ViW
KҥL Wӯ GkQ OjQK Eӏ &6 EXӝF WӝL Oj SK~ Q{QJ ÿӏD FKӫ .ӃW TXҧ Oj
YjR NKRҧQJ YjL FKөF QJjQ QJѭӡL ÿm FKӃW Yu ÿҩX Wӕ

ĈLӅX ÿѭӧF GҩX Oj QKkQ GӏS Qҫ\ &6 ÿm WKDQK WRiQ OX{Q QKӳQJ ÿҧQJ
YLrQ WKXӝF WKjQK SKҫQ Yj JLDL FҩS Fy KҥL FKR ÿҧQJ NӇ Fҧ QKӳQJ ÿҧQJ
YLrQ Fy F{QJ Yj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL JLjX Fy OzQJ iL TXӕF WӯQJ Eӓ WLӅQ ӫQJ Kӝ
FiFK PҥQJ FKӕQJ 3KiS Yj 1KұW WUѭӟF ÿy ĈLӇQ KuQK Oj %j ÿӏD FKӫ &iW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 387

7KjQK /RQJ ӣ 9ƭQK <rQ QJѭӡL Pҽ QX{L FӫD FKLӃQ Vƭ Eӝ ÿӝL WӯQJ FҩS
GѭӥQJ FKR +&0 Ej ÿm Eӏ ÿHP UD ÿҩX Wӕ FKR WӟL FKӃW

6DX NKL QJKH WKHR ³%iF +ӗ´ YӟL K\ YӑQJ ÿѭӧF PӝW PLӃQJ ÿҩW ÿӇ
Fj\ EӯD WKu JLӟL EҫQ Fӕ Q{QJ OҥL UѫL YjR PӝW WKӵF WӃ SKNJ SKjQJ NKiF
Pj Kӑ FKѭD EDR JLӡ QJӡ WUѭӟF ÿѭӧF 6DX NKL ÿѭӧF ³FKLD UXӝQJ ÿҩW´
JLӟL EҫQ Q{QJ ³SKҧL JLD QKұS KӧS WiF [m Q{QJ QJKLӋS´ Oj PӝW Wә FKӭF
WұS KӧS Q{QJ GkQ OjP YLӋF WұS WKӇ GѭӟL Vӵ OmQK ÿҥR Yj NLӇP VRiW FӫD
QKj QѭӟF WURQJ ÿy F{QJ VӁ ÿѭӧF WtQK EҵQJ ÿLӇP 7Kt Gө F{QJ Yӥ ÿҩW
PӝW KHFWD ÿLӇP F{QJ Fҩ\ ÿLӇP F{QJ GүQ QѭӟF ÿLӇP 9Dz
FXӕL WKiQJ FiF ÿLӇP VӁ ÿѭӧF WәQJ NӃW Yj FKR OѭѫQJ EҵQJ WKyF 1JKƭD
Oj NӃW TXҧ WKX KRҥFK GR WұS WKӇ SKkQ SKӕL Q{QJ GkQ SKҧL OjP QKLӅX
Pj NK{QJ WKX KRҥFK ÿѭӧF QKѭ O~F FzQ OjP ULrQJ UӁ 1JRjL UD QJѭӡL
Q{QJ GkQ FzQ Fy QJKƭD Yө ÿyQJ JyS QKѭ QJKƭD Yө ÿyQJ WKXӃ EҵQJ WKyF
KD\ EҵQJ WLӅQ WKXӃ Q{QJ QJKLӋS WKXӃ ÿҧP SKө QJKƭD Yө QJKƭD WKѭѫQJ
QJKƭD Yө OѭѫQJ WKӵF EiQ WKyF Gѭ Jj YӏW KHR FKR KӧS WiF [m WKHR
JLi Uҿ PҥW GR ĈҧQJ ҩQ ÿӏQK

5ӕW FXӝF EҫQ Q{QJ YүQ Oj EҫQ Q{QJ NK{QJ Fy Wѭ KӳX GӗL GjR Pj
FzQ Eӏ EzQ U~W TXD FiF WKXӃ Pi QKѭ WUrQ &KtQK Yu Oê GR ÿy Pj QJѭӡL
Q{QJ GkQ PLӅQ %£F UҩW QJKqR NKә

'R FKtQK ViFK TXi WjQ EҥR Yj WKHR JLiR GLӅX FKӫ QJKƭD QJRҥL ODL
GkQ FK~QJ QKLӅX QѫL ÿm QәL ORҥQ OjP FKR KRҥW ÿӝQJ Q{QJ WK{Q KRjQ
WRjQ Wr OLӋW QKѭ OLrQ NKX ,9 %DF 7UXQJ 9LӋW &y QѫL 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ
ÿm SKiL 6ѭ ÿRjQ YӅ ÿjQ iS WҥL 4XǤQK /ѭX 1JKӋ $Q
WҥL %D /jQJ 7KDQK +yD

7Kҩ\ GkQ FK~QJ WD WKiQ QăP +&0 OrQ ÿjL SKiW WKDQK NKyF
OyF Yj [LQ OӛL QKkQ GkQ ÿѭD 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK UD NKӓL FK~F Yө 7әQJ %t 7Kѭ
ĈҧQJ QKѭQJ YүQ FzQ Oj Ӫ\ YLrQ %ӝ FKtQK WUӏ 7KӵF UD QJѭӡL ÿӭQJ WURQJ
EyQJ WӕL FKӍ ÿҥR FzQ DL QJRjL +&0 ÿӗ WӇ WKӵF Vӵ

1JRjL UD VDX NKL Eӏ FiFK FKӭF Yj FKX\ӇQ TXD FKӭF Yө &Kӫ 7ӏFK Ӫ\
%DQ 7KѭӡQJ 9ө 4XӕF +ӝL 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK FzQ NKӕQJ FKӃ UăQ ÿH FiF YăQ
QJKӋ Vƭ WURQJ ViQJ WiF SKҧL WX\ӋW ÿӕL WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL ÿҧQJ &691 ³ÈQ
WtFK &691´ Vӱ JLD7UҫQ *LD 3KөQJ WUDQJ ´

7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD QJRҥL TXӕF WURQJ %iFK .KRD 7RjQ 7Kѭ :LNLSHGLD
9DL WUz FӫD 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK WURQJ &&5Ĉ:

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3i_c%C3%A1ch_ru
%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_t%E1%BA%A1i_
mi%E1%BB%81n_B%E1%BA%AFc_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam :

388 LONG ĐIỀN

“CҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WҥL PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP Oj FKѭѫQJ WUuQK QKҵP
[yD Eӓ YăQ KyD SKRQJ NLӃQ WLrX GLӋW FiF WKjQK SKҫQ Eӏ [HP Oj ³EyF OӝW´
³SKҧQ TXӕF´ WKHR 3KiS FKӕQJ OҥL ÿҩW QѭӟF ³SKҧQ ÿӝQJ´ FKӕQJ OҥL
FKtQK TX\ӅQ QKѭ ÿӏD FKӫ 9LӋW JLDQ FѭӡQJ KjR FiF ÿҧQJ ÿӕL OұS
ÿѭӧF ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Yj &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ
KzD WKӵF KLӋQ YjR QKӳQJ QăP ± &ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WӏFK WKX
WjL VҧQ ÿҩW ÿDL FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Qj\ Yj FKLD FKR EҫQ Q{QJ Fӕ Q{QJ
ÿӗQJ WKӡL WLӃQ KjQK ÿҩX Wӕ Yj [ӱ WӝL Kӑ

Ĉk\ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ SKѭѫQJ FiFK FKtQK \ӃX Pj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ QJKƭ UҵQJ SKҧL WKӵF KLӋQ ÿӇ OұS OҥL F{QJ EҵQJ
[m KӝL ÿӗQJ WKӡL WKLӃW OұS QӅQ FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ QKҵP WLӃQ OrQ FKӫ
QJKƭD [m KӝL PӝW FiFK QKDQK FKyQJ 7URQJ EҧQ 7X\rQ QJ{Q FӫD ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ Manifesto .DUO 0DU[ ÿm WX\rQ Eӕ ³FiFK PҥQJ UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj
ÿLӅX NLӋQ ÿӇ JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF´

'ӵD WKHR P{ KuQK WK͝ ÿ͓D F̫L FiFK FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ±
FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF ÿѭӧF Wә FKӭF YӟL WLQK WKҫQ ÿҩX
WUDQK JLDL FҩS WULӋW ÿӇ[1] YӟL Vӵ Fӕ YҩQ WUӵF WLӃS FӫD FiF FiQ Eӝ ÿӃQ Wӯ
7UXQJ 4XӕF[2] 7X\ QKLrQ YӟL WuQK KuQK Q{QJ WK{Q 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj 9LӋW
1DP KRjQ WRjQ NKiF QKDX YLӋF iS ÿһW JLiR ÿLӅX WuQK KuQK KDL TXӕF JLD
ÿm Jk\ UD QKLӅX SKѭѫQJ KҥL[3] &XӝF FҧL FiFK Yj ÿҩX Wӕ Qj\ ÿm Jk\ PӝW
NK{QJ NKt NLQK KRjQJ WҥL Q{QJ WK{Q PLӅQ %ҳF O~F ҩ\ Yj WiF KҥL PҥQK
ÿӃQ Vӵ ÿRjQ NӃW GkQ WӝF Yj QKLӅX WKӃ KӋ QJѭӡL 9LӋW

0өF ÿtFK

&KѭѫQJ WUuQK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj PӝW EѭӟF WURQJ WLӃQ WUuQK ÿѭD
PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP WLӃQ OrQ [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD GR ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW
1DP Wә FKӭF Yj &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD WKӵF WKL KӋ
WKӕQJ KyD Yj NKDL WULӇQ WUrQ ÿӏD EjQ UӝQJ F{QJ YLӋF Pj QKLӅX FKtQK
TX\ӅQ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿm OjP Wӯ QKӳQJ QăP ÿҫX &iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP

WӏFK WKX WjL VҧQ UXӝQJ ÿҩW GR QJѭӡL 3KiS QJѭӡL GkQ GL Fѭ KD\ 9LӋW
JLDQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKHR 3KiS Eӓ OҥL KD\ Eӓ KRDQJ Yu FKLӃQ WUDQK

SKkQ FKLD FKR Wi ÿLӅQ

FҳW JLҧP ÿӏD W{

EmL Eӓ PӑL NKRҧQ WLӅQ WKXr UXӝQJ

7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKu FiF F{QJ YLӋF Qj\
FNJQJ ÿѭӧF ÿҧQJ Yj FKtQK SKӫ WLӃS WөF WӯQJ EѭӟF JLҧL TX\ӃW WURQJ NKiQJ
FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS QKѭQJ ÿӃQ WKu PӟL ÿѭӧF SKiW WULӇQ UӝQJ NKӣL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 389

Vӵ WҥL 7KiL 1JX\rQ [4]
7ҥL Nu KӑS WKӭ ED FӫD 4XӕF KӝL ÿӇ SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK &Kӫ WӏFK

QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK SKiW ELӇX ³/XұW FҧL
FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW FӫD WD FKt QKkQ FKt QJKƭD KӧS Ot KӧS WuQK FKҷQJ
QKӳQJ Oj OjP FKR Fӕ Q{QJ EҫQ Q{QJ WUXQJ Q{QJ ӣ GѭӟL Fy UXӝQJ Fj\
QKѭQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FKLӃX Fӕ ÿӗQJ EjR SK~ Q{QJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FKLӃX Fӕ
ÿӗQJ EjR ÿӏD FKӫ´[5].

7URQJ EjL WUҧ OӡL SKӓQJ YҩQ ÿjL 5)$ FӫD QKj QJKLrQ FӭX Vӱ 7UҫQ
*LD 3KөQJ WKu FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW EҳW ÿҫX Wӯ QăP 7Kӭ QKҩW Oj Wӯ
QăP QăP Qj\ ÿӇ NKX\ӃQ NKtFK Q{QJ GkQ UD VӭF Fj\ EӯD WKu QKj
FҫP TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 0LQK UD VҳF OӋQK ÿӇ WKjQK OұS KӝL ÿӗQJ JLҧP W{ +ӑ
ҩQ ÿӏQK UҵQJ FiF FKӫ ÿҩW SKҧL JLҧP WӕL WKLӇX Yj ÿӗQJ Eӝ WLӅQ WKXr ÿҩW
W{ WӭF Oj WLӅQ WKXr ÿҩW FKR Wi ÿLӅQ WӭF Oj Q{QJ GkQ Fj\ UXӝQJ &y QѫL
JLҧP ÿӃQ WLӅQ WKXr ÿҩW

6DX ÿy WK{QJ Wѭ OLrQ Eӝ FӫD QăP ÿѭD UD QJX\rQ WҳF FKӫ \ӃX YӅ
SKkQ FKLD WҥP WKӡL UXӝQJ ÿҩW FKR Q{QJ GkQ Pj QKӳQJ UXӝQJ ÿҩW Qj\ Kӑ
WӏFK WKX ÿѭӧF Wӯ ÿLӅQ FKӫ FӫD QJѭӡL 3KiS Wӯ ÿLӅQ FKӫ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
Pj 9LӋW 0LQK JӑL Oj ³9LӋW JLDQ´ WӭF Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Pj 9LӋW 0LQK NӃW
WӝL WK{QJ 3KiS

7ә FKӭF

7KiQJ QăP 4XӕF KӝL 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD QKyP
KӑS Yj WK{QJ TXD Gӵ OXұW FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW +/ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt
0LQK SKr WKXұQ Yj FKtQK WKӭF EDQ KjQK Eӝ OXұW Qj\ YjR QJj\ WKiQJ
QăP ÿӇ Nӹ QLӋP QJj\ 7RjQ TXӕF .KiQJ FKLӃQ PDQJ WrQ ³/XұW
&ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW´ ĈӗQJ WKӡL ÿLӇP Qj\ Ӫ\ EDQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ
ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Yj ĈҥL KӝL 7RjQ TXӕF ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ
9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ KӑS Yj Wә FKӭF FKXҭQ Eӏ WKL KjQK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW VkX
UӝQJ WUrQ WRjQ OmQK WKә ĈҧQJ Qj\ FNJQJ FKӍ ÿӏQK PӝW ӫ\ EDQ OmQK ÿҥR
FKѭѫQJ WUuQK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Yj KRҥFK ÿӏQK WLӃQ WUuQK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ
ÿҩW

%DQ OmQK ÿҥR

3KiW ÿӝQJ Yj OjP Wѭ WѭӣQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK &Kӫ WӏFK ĈҧQJ
/DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Yj QKj QѭӟF

7UѭӣQJ EDQ FKӍ ÿҥR WUӵF WLӃS 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK 7әQJ %t WKѭ
ÿҧQJ

7UѭӣQJ EDQ FKӍ ÿҥR WKt ÿLӇP 7KiL 1JX\rQ +RjQJ 4XӕF 9LӋW Ӫ\

390 LONG ĐIỀN

YLrQ %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ

7UѭӣQJ EDQ FKӍ ÿҥR WKt ÿLӇP 7KDQK +yD 1JKӋ $Q +j 7ƭQK /r
9ăQ /ѭѫQJ Ӫ\ YLrQ Gӵ NKX\ӃW %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ
ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ

*LiP ÿӕF WUӵF WLӃS ÿLӅX KjQK FKLӃQ GӏFK +ӗ 9LӃW 7KҳQJ Ӫ\ YLrQ
Gӵ NKX\ӃW %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ

7LӃQ WUuQK
&KѭѫQJ WUuQK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿѭӧF iS GөQJ TXD EӕQ EѭӟF FKtQK

+XҩQ OX\ӋQ FiQ Eӝ

&iF FiQ Eӝ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ WKDP JLD FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿѭӧF ÿѭD ÿL
KӑF NKyD &KӍQK KXҩQ Yj PӝW Vӕ ÿѭӧF ÿѭD ÿL KXҩQ OX\ӋQ WҥL 7UXQJ
4XӕF &iF FKѭѫQJ WUuQK KӑF WұS QKҵP JL~S FiQ Eӝ QҳP YӳQJ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL
FӫD ÿҧQJ WURQJ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW TXiQ WULӋW TXDQ ÿLӇP ³WUt SK~ ÿӏD
KjR ÿjR WұQ JӕF WUӕF WұQ UӉ´ 7әQJ Vӕ FiQ Eӝ ÿѭӧF ÿLӅX ÿӝQJ YjR F{QJ
WiF Oj QJѭӡL

&KLӃQ GӏFK *LҧP W{

%ѭӟF ÿҫX FiF ÿӝL FiQ Eӝ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿL YjR FiF OjQJ [m Yj
iS GөQJ FKtQK ViFK ³ &QJ´ FQJ ăQ FQJ QJӫ FQJ OjP YӟL FiF
EҫQ Fӕ Q{QJ WURQJ OjQJ [m ÿy NӃW QҥS Kӑ WKjQK ³UӉ´ WKjQK ³FjQK´ FӫD
ÿӝL VDX ÿy WULӇQ NKDL FKLӃQ GӏFK WӯQJ EѭӟF QKѭ VDX

3KkQ ÿӏQK WKjQK SKҫQ ĈӝL &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW UD PҳW OjQJ [m
Yj WҩW Fҧ FiF JLD ÿuQK WURQJ [m ÿѭӧF Kӑ SKkQ ORҥL WKjQK WKjQK SKҫQ
D ÿӏD FKӫ E SK~ Q{QJ F WUXQJ Q{QJ FӭQJ Vӣ KӳX FRQ Ez
FRQ KHR ÿjQ Jj G WUXQJ Q{QJ YӯD Vӣ KӳX FRQ KHR ÿjQ Jj H
WUXQJ Q{QJ \ӃX Vӣ KӳX ÿjQ Jj KD\ NK{QJ Fy Ju Fҧ I EҫQ Q{QJ J
Fӕ Q{QJ *LD ÿuQK Fy FRQ KHR ÿm Fy WKӇ JӑL Oj SK~ Q{QJ 7ӹ OӋ ÿӏD FKӫ
ÿѭӧF TX\ ÿӏQK WUѭӟF Oj GkQ Vӕ Q{QJ WK{Q Yj FiF ÿRjQ Yj ÿӝL FҧL
FiFK ÿӅX Fӕ WUX\ EӭF ÿӇ ÿ{Q Wӹ OӋ ÿӏD FKӫ OrQ QKѭ PӝW TX\ ÿӏQK EҳW
EXӝF JӑL Oj ³NtFK WKjQK SKҫQ´

3KkQ ORҥL ÿӏD FKӫ 7ҩW Fҧ FiF JLD ÿuQK Eӏ [ӃS YjR WKjQK SKҫQ ÿӏD
FKӫ QKѭ QyL WUrQ ÿѭӧF ÿӝL FҧL FiFK SKkQ ORҥL WKrP PӝW OҫQ QӳD WKjQK
D ĈӏD FKӫ JLDQ iF D ĈӏD FKӫ WKѭӡQJ D ĈӏD FKӫ Fy ӫQJ Kӝ
NKiQJ FKLӃQ 7KjQK SKҫQ ÿӏD FKӫ JLDQ iF Eӏ ÿӝL FҧL FiFK EҳW QJD\ OұS
WӭF Yj TXҧQ WK~F

ÈS GөQJ WKRiL W{ ĈӕL YӟL FiF JLD ÿuQK Fy ÿӏD FKӫ Eӏ EҳW QyL WUrQ
ÿӝL FҧL FiFK WK{QJ EiR YӟL Kӑ YӅ FiF VҳF OӋQK JLҧP W{ FӫD FKtQK SKӫ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 391

9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD EDR JӗP VҳF OӋQK JLҧP W{ [XӕQJ FzQ
YjR WKiQJ QăP VҳF OӋQK Vӕ 6/ QăP Yj 6/
QăP JLҧP W{ WKrP &K~ WKtFK 7ҥL PLӅQ %ҳF W{ KD\ ÿӏD W{
Oj WLӅQ WKXr UXӝQJ Pj Wi ÿLӅQ SKҧL WUҧ FKR ÿӏD FKӫ VDX PD JһW Fy WKӇ
WUҧ EҵQJ WKyF &ăQ Fӭ WKHR ÿy ÿӏD FKӫ QjR FKѭD JLҧP W{ FKR Q{QJ GkQ
WKu Ek\ JLӡ SKҧL WUҧ Vӕ Qӧ ÿy ² JӑL Oj ³WKRiL W{´ 1ӃX NK{QJ WUҧ ÿӫ Qӧ
WKu WjL VҧQ Eӏ WӏFK WKX SKkQ SKiW GR Q{QJ GkQ 6DX EѭӟF Qj\ KҫX KӃW JLD
ÿuQK ÿӏD FKӫ OkP YjR KRjQ FҧQK NKiQK NLӋW QKLӅX QJѭӡL ÿӃQ FKӛ Wӵ ViW
² Yu QӃX VӕQJ WURQJ YQJ NLӇP VRiW FӫD 3KiS WKu NK{QJ ELӃW Ju YӅ FiF
VҳF OӋQK FӫD QKj QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD [6]

+ӑF WұS Wӕ NKә OQJ EҳW ÿӏD FKӫ &iF EҫQ Q{QJ Fӕ Q{QJ ³FKXӛL´
³UӉ´ ÿѭӧF ÿӝL FҧL FiFK FKR KӑF OӟS Wӕ NKә GR Kӑ Pӣ TXD ÿy KӑF YLrQ
ÿѭӧF QKұQ GҥQJ FiF WӝL iF FӫD ÿӏD FKӫ Yj ÿѭӧF NKX\ӃQ NKtFK QKӟ UD WӝL
iF FӫD WӯQJ ÿӏD FKӫ ÿm EyF OӝW Kӑ QKѭ WKӃ QjR 6DX NKL KӑF TXD OӟS Wӕ
NKә QKLӅX EL NӏFK [ҧ\ UD FRQ Wӕ FKD Yӧ Wӕ FKӗQJ 'X NtFK Yj FӕW FiQ
FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WuP EҳW ÿӏD FKӫ YLӋW JLDQ WKұP FKt Kӑ ³YiF V~QJ YjR
WKjQK SKӕ OQJ EҳW ÿӏD FKӫ Yj FRQ FiL ÿӏD FKӫ Oj FiQ Eӝ F{QJ QKkQ YLrQ
FKӭF QKj QѭӟF´ [7]

&{QJ NKDL ÿҩX Wӕ &iF EXәL ÿҩX Wӕ ÿѭӧF Wә FKӭF WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ YjR
EDQ ÿrP 6ӕ OѭӧQJ QJѭӡL WKDP JLD ÿҩX Wӕ ÿѭӧF KX\ ÿӝQJ Wӯ YjL WUăP
ÿӃQ Fҧ QJjQ QJѭӡL Yj WKӡL JLDQ ÿҩX Wӕ Wӯ PӝW ÿӃQ ED ÿrP W\ WKHR PӭF
ÿӝ WӝL WUҥQJ FӫD ÿӏD FKӫ 7URQJ ÿrP ÿҩX Wӕ FiF EҫQ Q{QJ EѭӟF UD NӇ
WӝL ÿӏD FKӫ ÿm EyF OӝW Kӑ QKѭ WKӃ QjR 7ҥL FiF WӍQK Fy Wә FKӭF FҧL FiFK
UXӝQJ ÿҩW ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ FKR UD Wӡ EiR Oҩ\ WrQ Oj /i 5ͳQJ QJө ê WӝL iF
ÿӏD FKӫ QKLӅX QKѭ Oi UӯQJ WѭӡQJ WKXұW FKL WLӃW FiF Yө ÿҩX Wӕ 6DX NKL Eӏ
ÿҩX Wӕ FiF ÿӏD FKӫ ÿѭӧF WҥP JLDP WUӣ OҥL ÿӇ FKӡ WzD iQ QKkQ GkQ [pW [ӱ
FNJQJ Fy QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿiQK FKӃW QJD\ WURQJ O~F ÿҩX tӕ[F̯Q G̳Q QJX͛Q] *LD ÿuQK Yj
WKkQ QKkQ QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ WKu Eӏ F{ OұS Eӏ Eӓ ÿyL Yj FKӏX QKLӅX Vӵ SKkQ
ELӋW ÿӕL [ӱ Yj QKөF KuQK

;ӱ iQ ÿӏD FKӫ 7ҥL FiF KX\ӋQ PӝW WzD iQ QKkQ GkQ ÿһF ELӋW ÿѭӧF
OұS UD Yj ÿL YӅ FiF [m [pW [ӱ FiF ÿӏD FKӫ 6DX NKL NӃW iQ ÿӏD FKӫ Eӏ [ӱ
EҳQ WUѭӟF F{QJ FK~QJ GR ÿӝL Wӵ YӋ [m KjQK TX\ӃW 1KӳQJ QJѭӡL NK{QJ
ÿѭӧF [ӱ EҳQ WKu Eӏ F{ OұS WURQJ FiF OjQJ [m PӝW Vӕ Eӏ WKLӋW PҥQJ Yu Eӏ
Eӓ ÿyL

7әQJ FӝQJ Fy WiP ÿӧW JLҧP W{ Wӯ ÿӃQ WLӃQ KjQK WҥL [m

&KLӃQ GӏFK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW

1KLӅX WKiQJ VDX NKL &KLӃQ GӏFK *LҧP W{ ÿѭӧF WULӇQ NKDL FKѭѫQJ

392 LONG ĐIỀN

WUuQK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW FKtQK WKӭF EҳW ÿҫX YӟL KuQK WKӭF WѭѫQJ Wӵ
QKѭQJ WUrQ ÿӏD EjQ UӝQJ OӟQ KѫQ Yj FiF JLD ÿuQK ÿӏD FKӫ Fy WKjQK WtFK
NKiQJ FKLӃQ NӇ Fҧ FiF JLD ÿuQK Fy ÿҧQJ YLrQ FiQ Eӝ Eӝ ÿӝL SKөF Yө
WURQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FNJQJ Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ 7әQJ FӝQJ Fy QăP ÿӧW FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ
ÿҩW Wӯ ÿӃQ WLӃQ KjQK WҥL [m 1JѭӡL ÿҫX WLrQ Eӏ EXӝF
WӝL FKӃW WURQJ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj PӝW SKө Qӳ Ej 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 1ăP ӣ
7KiL 1JX\rQ Ej Oj ÿӏD FKӫ NKiQJ FKLӃQ Fy QKLӅX F{QJ ODR OӟQ YӟL FiFK
PҥQJ 9LӋW 1DP[8].

7әQJ FӝQJ Fy ÿӧW OӟQ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW 7ӯ FXӕL QăP GѭӟL
VӭF pS FӫD Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ +RD FKLӃQ GӏFK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW EҳW
ÿҫX ÿѭӧF ÿҭ\ PҥQK Yj QKDQK YӟL FѭӡQJ ÿӝ OӟQ 7ӯ JLӳD QăP
ӣ PӝW Vӕ QѫL ÿm [XҩW KLӋQ KLӋQ WѭӧQJ ÿҩX Wӕ WUjQ ODQ PҩW NLӇP
VRiW 7ӯ ÿy ÿӃQ FXӕL QăP FҧQK ÿҩX Wӕ ÿӏD FKӫ [ҧ\ UD WUjQ ODQ
QKLӅX O~F FKӍ ÿѫQ WKXҫQ EҵQJ PӝW OӡL Wӕ JLiF ÿѫQ JLҧQ QKӳQJ WKjQK YLrQ
WURQJ WzD iQ QKkQ GkQ FNJQJ Fy WKӇ [ӱ Wӱ KuQK KD\ W NKә VDL ÿӕL YӟL
QJѭӡL Eӏ Wӕ JLiF Ĉm [XҩW KLӋQ WuQK WUҥQJ OҥP GөQJ TX\ӅQ KjQK FӫD FiF
FiQ Eӝ ÿӝL YLrQ ÿӝL F{QJ WiF UXӝQJ ÿҩW WURQJ F{QJ WiF ÿҩW ÿDL +ӑ ÿҩX Wӕ
PӑL QKj ÿҩX Wӕ PӑL QJѭӡL QKѭQJ OҥL TXrQ ÿҩX Wӕ EҧQ WKkQ 6ӕ QJѭӡL
FKӃW WURQJ ÿӧW Qj\ Oj UҩW OӟQ WURQJ ÿy Vӕ QJѭӡL FKӃW RDQ FKLӃP Wӹ OӋ
FDR 4X\ӃW OLӋW QKҩW Oj ӣ 7KiL %uQK QѫL Fy ÿӃQ [m ÿѭӧF ÿѭD YjR
FҧL FiFK

7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKiQJ QăP
+ӝL QJKӏ %DQ FKҩS KjQK WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ OҫQ WKӭ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WLӃQ KjQK
YLӋF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WҥL PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP 7ӯ QăP WӟL
KpFWD UXӝQJ ÿҩW ӣ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ Yj WUXQJ GX PLӅQ %ҳF ÿm ÿѭӧF
FKLD FKR WULӋX Kӝ Q{QJ GkQ FKLӃP NKRҧQJ Vӕ Kӝ Q{QJ GkQ ӣ
PLӅQ %ҳF 7URQJ NKL ÿy SKkQ Eӕ UXӝQJ ÿҩW PLӅQ %ҳF WUѭӟF QăP
FKӍ Fy GkQ Vӕ ÿm FKLӃP KӳX WӟL WәQJ Vӕ UXӝQJ ÿҩW

7X\ QKLrQ ӣ PӝW JyF ÿӝ NKiF YLӋF WKӵF KLӋQ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW
ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP ÿm Jk\ UD QKLӅX KұX TXҧ WR OӟQ Ĉm Fy UҩW QKLӅX
QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ RDQ 7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QKLӅX
Q{QJ GkQ WURQJ WҫQJ OӟS WUXQJ Q{QJ ÿm Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ Oj ÿӏD FKӫ Yj YLӋF ÿҩX
Wӕ RDQ Oj GR ³Eӏ ÿӏFK ONJQJ ÿRҥQ´ 1KӳQJ VDL OҫP Qj\ QKѭ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӅ
FұS ÿӃQ WURQJ EjL SKiW ELӇX WKiQJ QăP WҥL 0һW WUұQ 7ә TXӕF
9LӋW 1DP FӫD JLiR Vѭ OXұW Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ [6] ÿm OjP ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Eӏ PҩW X\ WtQ ÿӕL YӟL QKLӅX QJѭӡL GkQ

&KLӃQ GӏFK 6ӱD VDL

'R QKұQ ÿӏQK FKLӃQ GӏFK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW JLӃW OҫP QKLӅX QJѭӡL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 393

Y{ WӝL Yj Jk\ UD FKӕQJ ÿӕL PҥQK WURQJ GkQ FK~QJ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW
1DP Yj FKtQK SKӫ WLӃQ KjQK FiF EѭӟF VӱD VDL QKѭ VDX

7KiQJ QăP +ӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ OҫQ WKӭ WX\rQ Eӕ
FiF VDL OҫP WURQJ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW

7KiQJ QăP 4XӕF KӝL KӑS OҫQ WKӭ WѭӡQJ WUuQK EҧQ EiR FiR
FiF VDL OҫP Yj ELӋQ SKiS VӱD VDL

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK JӱL WKѭ FKR
ÿӗQJ EjR Yj FiQ Eӝ QKuQ QKұQ VDL OҫP Yj FKR ELӃW 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ Yj
FKtQK SKӫ ÿm QJKLrP NKҳF NLӇP ÿLӇP FiF VDL OҫP

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP EiR Nhân Dân F{QJ Eӕ Fy PӝW Vӕ ÿҧQJ
YLrQ WUXQJ NLrQ ÿm Eӏ KjQK TX\ӃW VDL OҫP WURQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK &ҧL FiFK
5XӝQJ ÿҩW

7KiQJ QăP +ӝL QJKӏ OҫQ WKӭ %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ
ÿҧQJ KӑS Wӯ ÿӃQ QKұQ ÿӏQK FiF QJX\rQ QKkQ ÿѭD ÿӃQ
VDL OҫP Yj WKL KjQK ELӋQ SKiS Nӹ OXұW ÿӕL YӟL %DQ OmQK ÿҥR FKѭѫQJ
WUuQK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW QKѭ VDX {QJ 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK SKҧL Wӯ FKӭF
7әQJ %t WKѭ ÿҧQJ KDL {QJ +RjQJ 4XӕF 9LӋW Yj /r 9ăQ /ѭѫQJ UD NKӓL
%ӝ &KtQK WUӏ[9] Yj {QJ +ӗ 9LӃW 7KҳQJ Eӏ ORҥL UD NKӓL &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ
ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS QJѭӡL
NK{QJ WKDP JLD WUӵF WLӃS YjR VDL OҫP FKѭѫQJ WUuQK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW
WKD\ PһW FKӫ WӏFK QѭӟF ÿӑF EҧQ EiR FiR FӫD +ӝL QJKӏ OҫQ WKӭ %DQ
&KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ WҥL QKj KiW OӟQ +j 1ӝL Nr NKDL VDL OҫP Yj
SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK VӱD VDL SKөF KӗL FiF FKӭF Yө WjL VҧQ FKR FiQ Eӝ
Eӝ ÿӝL Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ

7KHR WKӕQJ Nr ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP WKu FKLӃQ GӏFK VӱD VDL SKөF
KӗL NKRҧQJ Vӕ QJѭӡL Eӏ NӃW iQ FKӍ WUҧ OҥL Vӕ tW 1ӃX ÿm FKӃW WKu
Yӧ FRQ KD\ WKkQ QKkQ ÿѭӧF EӗL WKѭӡQJ UҩW tW WjL VҧQ. Theo báo Nhân
Dân WKu FKLӃQ GӏFK VӱD VDL FNJQJ Jk\ WKrP FKӃW FKyF NKL FiF ÿҧQJ YLrQ
ÿѭӧF SKөF KӗL WUҧ WK QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿm ÿҩX Wӕ Kӑ RDQ ӭF KRһF FKѭD NӏS
WUҧ WK WKӏ Eӏ WKӫ WLrX WUѭӟF ÿӇ WUiQK YLӋF WUҧ WK

3KRQJ WUjR WUҧ WK EҵQJ EҥR ÿӝQJ ODQ UӝQJ NKLӃQ QKj FKӭF WUiFK
SKҧL GQJ TXkQ ÿӝL WUҩQ iS Ӣ 4XǤQK /ѭX WӍQK 1JKӋ $Q Fy EҧQ EiR
FiR JKL QKұQ Q{QJ GkQ PDQJ Jұ\ JӝF FKӕQJ OҥL TXkQ ÿӝL NKL
FKtQK TX\ӅQ GQJ YNJ OӵF ÿӇ WiL OұS WUұW Wӵ [10]

7X\ QKLrQ WKHR QKLӅX QKkQ FKӭQJ YLӋF VӱD VDL FKӍ ÿѫQ WKXҫQ Oj

394 LONG ĐIỀN

SKөF KӗL ÿҧQJ WӏFK TX\ OҥL WKjQK SKҫQ Wӯ ÿӏD FKӫ SK~ Q{QJ WUӣ OҥL
WKjQK WUXQJ Q{QJ FKӭ NK{QJ KӅ Fy WUҧ OҥL WjL VҧQ QKj ÿҩW ĈӃQ QăP
2004, theo báo +j 1͡L 0ͣL Ӫ\ EDQ 1KkQ GkQ WKjQK SKӕ +j 1ӝL
PӟL UD TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WUӧ FҩS FKR PӝW Vӕ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Eӏ TXL VDL
WKjQK SKҫQ Yj Fy WjL VҧQ Eӏ WUѭQJ WKX WUѭQJ PXD WURQJ WKӡL Nu &ҧL
FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW YӟL PӭF ED WULӋX ÿӗQJ PӝW WUѭӡQJ KӧS[1].

1KӳQJ VDL OҫP WURQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK

6DL OҫP FKXQJ

ĈiQK JLi VDL OҫP YӅ WuQK KuQK NKiF ELӋW JLӳD Q{QJ WK{Q 7UXQJ 4XӕF
Yj 9LӋW 1DP TXi WLQ WѭӣQJ Yj FKӏX VӭF pS FӫD FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF

ĈiQK JLi VDL Yj QkQJ VҧQ OѭӧQJ QkQJ WKXӃ OrQ TXi FDR TXi VӭF
QJѭӡL GkQ 1Kѭ ӣ +j 7ƭQK Fy QKӳQJ PүX UXӝQJ WtQK VҧQ OѭӧQJ Oj
Wҥ PӝW PүX WD .Ki QKLӅX UXӝQJ WӕW ÿѭӧF WtQK VҧQ OѭӧQJ tW QKҩW SKҧL
Wҥ 7URQJ NKL ÿy QKѭ ӣ /LrQ ;{ WKHR {QJ ĈһQJ 7KiL 0DL ³ӣ
/; FNJQJ PӟL WU WtQK YLӋF WăQJ QăQJ VXҩW FiF PLӅQ UXӝQJ Fy WKӫ\ OӧL
WHUUHV LUULJXpHV FKR ÿӃQ PӭF Wҥ PӝW KHFWDUH 1Kѭ Yұ\ Oj YӟL
SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ Nӻ WKXұW QKkQ F{QJ Wә FKӭF FӫD Q{QJ QJKLӋS /LrQ ;{ Pj
WURQJ QăP QӳD QJѭӡL WD PӟL \rX FҫX WӟL PӭF KD\ Wҥ QӱD KHFWDUH
QJKƭD Oj FzQ KѫQ PӝW PүX WD ´[11]

&KLӃQ GӏFK FjQJ OrQ FDR ÿLӇP FjQJ PҩW NLӇP VRiW GүQ ÿӃQ WuQK
WUҥQJ Y{ FKtQK SKӫ QKLӅX RDQ VDL Yj F{ OұS ÿӕL [ӱ QKөF KuQK YӟL JLD
ÿuQK QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ +ѫQ QJѭӡL Eӏ TX\ YjR WKjQK SKҫQ ÿӏD FKӫ Yj
SK~ Q{QJ Oj TX\ VDL ĈLӇQ KuQK QKѭ

7UѭӡQJ KӧS Wӱ KuQK Ej 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 1ăP FKӫ KLӋX &iW 7KDQK /RQJ
ӣ +j 1ӝL Pҽ QX{L FӫD /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yj 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK
Fy FRQ WUDL PӝW Oj WUXQJ ÿRjQ WUѭӣQJ PӝW WUXQJ ÿRjQ FӫD 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ
GkQ 9LӋW 1DP 7URQJ 7XҫQ /Ӊ 9jQJ JLD ÿuQK Ej FNJQJ ÿm KLӃQ OҥQJ
YjQJ FKR FKtQK TX\ӅQ PӟL WKjQK OұS [2]

7UѭӡQJ KӧS WKLӃX WѭӟQJ 9ѭѫQJ 7KӯD 9NJ Wѭ OӋQK ĈҥL ÿRjQ
QJX\rQ Wѭ OӋQK PһW WUұQ +j 1ӝL QăP FKӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ EDQ TXkQ TXҧQ
+j 1ӝL Eӏ FiF FiQ Eӝ FҧL FiFK EҳW ӣ QJRҥL WKjQK +j 1ӝL Yu Fy QJѭӡL ÿҩX
Wӕ {QJ Oj ³ÿӏD FKӫ [XҩW WKkQ Oj Wѭ VҧQ OұS WUѭӡQJ FKtQK WUӏ NK{QJ U} UjQJ´

&iF FKiX QӝL FӫD Fө 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX WURQJ ÿy Fy PӝW QJѭӡL Oj
7UXQJ ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ QKj QJKqR VjR ÿҩW FKR Pҽ FRQ QKѭQJ FNJQJ Eӏ
TX\ Oj ÿӏD FKӫ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 395

ĈһF ELӋW Fy Fө SKy EҧQJ ĈһQJ 9ăQ +ѭӟQJ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ SKө WUiFK
7KDQK 1JKӋ 7ƭQK WURQJ FKtQK SKӫ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ FKӃW WҥL TXr
QKj 'LӉQ &KkX

1JRjL YLӋF WӏFK WKX QKj ÿҩW FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ TX\ Oj ÿӏD FKӫ
QKӳQJ PөF ÿtFK NKiF FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK NK{QJ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF 7KӵF WӃ ÿDX EXӗQ
NKiF Oj NӃW TXҧ FӫD FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW OҥL NK{QJ QKѭ QJѭӡL Q{QJ
GkQ PRQJ ÿӧL NKL QJD\ VDX ÿy Yө PD QăP ÿѭӧF ÿiQK JLi Oj WKҩW
thu.

&XӝF ÿҩX Wӕ Yj F{ OұS OQJ EҳW ÿӏD FKӫ Yj FRQ FiL FӫD Kӑ ÿm Jk\ PӝW
NK{QJ NKt NLQK KRjQJ WҥL Q{QJ WK{Q PLӅQ %ҳF WKӡL ҩ\ [F̯Q G̳Q QJX͛Q] *LӃW
OҫP QKLӅX QJѭӡL Y{ WӝL Yj Jk\ UD FKӕQJ ÿӕL PҥQK WURQJ GkQ FK~QJ PҩW
WLQ WѭӣQJ YjR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Yj QKj QѭӟF Jk\ FKLD UӁ WURQJ QKLӅX WKӃ
KӋ [

6DL OҫP WUrQ SKѭѫQJ GLӋQ SKiS Oê

7KHR EjL GLӉQ YăQ OXұW Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ ÿӑF WҥL FXӝF KӑS
0һW WUұQ 7ә TXӕF ӣ +j 1ӝL QJj\ WKiQJ 0ѭӡL FXӝF FҧL FiFK
UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿѭӧF WKӵF KLӋQ YӟL SKѭѫQJ FKkP ³WKj FKӃW QJѭӡL RDQ FzQ
KѫQ ÿӇ VyW PӝW ÿӏFK´ SKѭѫQJ FKkP Qj\ ÿL QJѭӧF OҥL YӟL TX\ WҳF Fѫ EҧQ
FӫD SKiS OXұW WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS Qj\ Oj ³WKj ÿӏFK VyW FzQ KѫQ PӝW
QJѭӡL Eӏ NӃW iQ RDQ´ &ө WKӇ FiF TX\ WҳF SKiS Oê ÿm Eӏ [kP SKҥP Oj

.K{QJ [ӱ SKҥW FiF WӝL ÿm SKҥP TXi OkX ÿӃQ KLӋQ WҥL PӟL ÿLӅX WUD UD

7UiFK QKLӋP FӫD SKҥP QKkQ WKu FKӍ PӝW PuQK SKҥP QKkQ FKӏX
NK{QJ TX\ NӃW FKR Yӧ FRQ JLD ÿuQK

0XӕQ NӃW iQ PӝW QJѭӡL SKҧL Fy EҵQJ FKӭQJ [iF ÿiQJ

7Kӫ WөF ÿLӅX WUD [pW [ӱ SKҧL EҧR ÿҧP TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD Eӏ FDQ %ӏ FDQ
Fy TX\ӅQ QKӡ OXұW Vѭ EjR FKӳD 3KҧL W{Q WUӑQJ Eӏ FDQ WURQJ TXi WUuQK
WUX\ Wӕ Yj [pW [ӱ NKL Eӏ FDQ UD WUѭӟF WzD NK{QJ ÿѭӧF [LӅQJ [tFK Yj
NK{QJ ÿѭӧF GQJ QKөF KuQK

&iF QJX\rQ QKkQ VDL OҫP ÿѭӧF FKR Oj TXDQ ÿLӇP WD ÿӏFK WK EҥQ
FӫD FKtQK TX\ӅQ ÿѭѫQJ QKLӋP UҩW Pѫ Kӗ FKtQK TX\ӅQ EҩW FKҩS SKiS
OXұW Oҩ\ FKtQK WUӏ OҩQ iW SKiS Oê EҩW FKҩS ê NLӃQ FӫD JLӟL FKX\rQ P{Q [6]

6ӕ QJѭӡL Eӏ ÿҩX Wӕ

7әQJ FӝQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK *LҧP W{ WӏFK WKX FӫD ÿӏD FKӫ SK~ Q{QJ
WҩQ WKyF W{ KD UXӝQJ WUkX Ez 7әQJ FӝQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK &ҧL
FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW WӏFK WKX FӫD ÿӏD FKӫ KD UXӝQJ WUkX
Ez Q{QJ Fө QJ{L QKj 6ӕ WjL VҧQ Qj\ ÿѭӧF SKkQ

396 LONG ĐIỀN

FKLD FKR Kӝ EҫQ Q{QJ WUXQJ EuQK PӛL Kӝ ÿѭӧF KD
Q{QJ Fө QJ{L QKj *LDL FҩS ÿӏD FKӫ KRjQ WRjQ Eӏ WLrX GLӋW WҥL PLӅQ
%ҳF[

6ӕ OѭӧQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW WURQJ FKѭѫQJ WUuQK &iL FiFK 5ӝQJ ÿҩW Oj
NK{QJ WKӇ WKӕQJ Nr FKtQK [iF Yj FzQ Jk\ WUDQK FmL 1KѭQJ WKHR FKӫ
WUѭѫQJ ӣ PӝW Vӕ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ SKҧL WuP FKR UD Wӹ OӋ ÿӏD FKӫ ³9LӋW
JLDQ´ ÿӇ PDQJ UD ÿҩX Wӕ[3] WKu FRQ Vӕ VӁ NK{QJ tW

7KHR QKLӅX QJXӗQ WLQ NKiF QKDX Vӕ OѭӧQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW Oj
ÿӃQ QJѭӡL

7KHR %HUQDUG )DOO WKu NK{QJ WKӇ ELӃW FKtQK [iF FRQ Vӕ QKѭQJ tW
QKҩW NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW Yj QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳW JLDP[12] FҫQ
Vӕ WUDQJ

7KHR 7LERU 0HQGH NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW [

7KHR 7LӃQ Vƭ 9} 1KkQ 7Ut GӵD WUrQ WjL OLӋX YăQ NKӕ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ
ÿҧQJ WKu NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW

7KHR WXҫQ EiR Time QJj\ WKiQJ WKu NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL
Eӏ JLӃW[13].

Theo ông Bùi Tín[F̯Q G̳Q QJX͛Q] WҥL EXәL KӝL WKҧR ³1KӳQJ NLQK QJKLӋP
ÿDX EXӗQ Wӯ µ&ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW¶ ӣ ÿҩW %ҳF ´ GR 0ҥQJ OѭӟL
GkQ FKӫ Wә FKӭF FXӕL WKiQJ QăP WҥL WKӫ ÿ{ %HUOLQ QrX OrQ FRQ Vӕ
QҥQ QKkQ Oj QJѭӡL WKHR QKѭ 0LFKHO 7DXULDF QKj YăQ QKj EiR
QJѭӡL 3KiS ÿѭD UD %L 7tQ FKR UҵQJ FRQ Vӕ Qj\ FNJQJ KӧS Oê QӃX NӇ Fҧ
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ JLӃW Eӏ FKӃW WURQJ W Eӏ FKӃW VDX NKL WKҧ UD Yj Wӵ Wӱ KRһF
WKkQ QKkQ JLD ÿuQK JLiQ WLӃS FKӏX ÿj\ ÿӑD

ÐQJ 9NJ 7Kѭ +LrQ WURQJ FXӕQ µ WKu FKR UҵQJ FRQ Vӕ QҥQ QKkQ Oj tW
KѫQ FRQ Vӕ QăP FKөF YҥQ FӫD {QJ 7tQ UҩW QKLӅX WX\ Yұ\ {QJ FKӍ Fy WKӇ
ѭӟF WtQK FKӭ NK{QJ Fy Vӕ OLӋX KRһF WjL OLӋX QjR Fө WKӇ

³1JѭӡL WD WKѭӡQJ QyL WӟL FRQ Vӕ NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL 7{L QJKƭ FRQ
Vӕ Fy WKәL SKӗQJ 7URQJ WjL OLӋX FӫD %HUQDUG )DOO Yj :HVOH\ )LVKHO FRQ
Vӕ FzQ ÿѭӧF ÿҭ\ WӟL 1ӃX WtQK WәQJ Vӕ [m ÿm FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj
NKRҧQJ PӛL [m Fy WUXQJ EuQK PӝW KRһF KDL QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳQ Eӏ EӭF
Wӱ Eӏ KmP FKR FKӃW ÿyL QKӳQJ [m Fy Vӕ QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳQ OrQ WӟL ED KRһF
EӕQ UҩW tW JһS Fy QKӳQJ [m NK{QJ Fy DL Eӏ WKu Vӕ QJѭӡL FKӃW RDQ NӇ Fҧ
WURQJ &KӍQK ÿӕQ 7ә FKӭF WtQK Fҧ QJѭӡL Eӏ EӭF Wӱ QҵP WURQJ NKRҧQJ Wӯ
ÿӃQ QJѭӡL 1yL FKXQJ ÿy FNJQJ Oj ÿRiQ SKӓQJ &KҷQJ EDR
JLӡ FK~QJ WD ELӃW ÿѭӧF FRQ Vӕ FKtQK [iF QӃX NK{QJ Fy PӝW FXӝF ÿLӅX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 397

WUD NKRD KӑF ´
7KӕQJ Nr FKtQK WKӭF FӫD QKj QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF ÿăQJ WURQJ

FXӕQ /͓FK V͵ NLQK W͇ 9L͏W 1DP WұS KDL FKR ELӃW Oj ÿm Fy
QJѭӡL Eӏ TX\ YjR WKjQK SKҫQ ÿӏD FKӫ Yj SK~ Q{QJ WURQJ ÿy Fy
QJѭӡL Eӏ TX\ VDL KѫQ WӭF Oj Eӏ RDQ 7KHR TXDQ ÿLӇP
FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKӵF KLӋQ FXӝF FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿk\ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
Eӏ [ӃS YjR ORҥL Nҿ WK FӫD QKkQ GkQ Eӏ ³ÿjR WұQ JӕF WUӕF WұQ UӉ´ ĈLӅX
Qj\ ÿӗQJ QJKƭD YӟL YLӋF Kӑ Fy WKӇ Eӏ EҳQ WҥL FKӛ KRһF Eӏ OmQK iQ W UӗL
FKӃW WURQJ QKj JLDP.

9Ӆ WKjQK SKҫQ FӫD FRQ Vӕ QҥQ QKkQ Qj\ EҧQJ WKӕQJ Nr JKL
QKѭ VDX ĈӏD FKӫ FѭӡQJ KjR JLDQ iF QJѭӡL WURQJ ÿy
QJѭӡL Eӏ RDQ ĈӏD FKӫ WKѭӡQJ QJѭӡL WURQJ ÿy
QJѭӡL Eӏ RDQ ĈӏD FKӫ NKiQJ FKLӃQ QJѭӡL WURQJ ÿy
Eӏ RDQ 3K~ Q{QJ QJѭӡL WURQJ ÿy QJѭӡL Eӏ RDQ
7әQJ FӝQJ QҥQ QKkQ WURQJ ÿy QJѭӡL Eӏ RDQ
&RQ Vӕ ÿӏD FKӫ NKiQJ FKLӃQ WKHR WKӕQJ Nr WUrQ Oj QJѭӡL
WURQJ NKL WKHR EiR FiR FӫD %ӝ FKtQK WUӏ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKiQJ
QăP WKu ULrQJ WәQJ Vӕ ÿҧQJ YLrQ Eӏ ³[ӱ WUt´ OrQ WӟL
QJѭӡL 6ӕ OѭӧQJ Qj\ FKѭD NӇ ÿӃQ WKkQ QKkQ JLD ÿuQK FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
Eӏ TX\ VDL FNJQJ Eӏ F{ OұS Yj ÿӕL [ӱ SKkQ ELӋW

7KHR JLiR Vѭ Lê Xuân Khoa WKu FKѭѫQJ WUuQK &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ
ÿҩW Oj PӝW WURQJ ED QJX\rQ QKkQ FKtQK ÿѭD ÿӃQ FXӝF GL WҧQ 1JRjL
UD {QJ QKұQ ÿӏQK OѭӧQJ O~D JҥR VҧQ [XҩW ӣ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ +ӗQJ Eӏ
JLҧP V~W WUҫP WUӑQJ WURQJ QKӳQJ QăP FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Yj QJD\ VDX ÿy
7X\ QKLrQ QKұQ ÿӏQK Qj\ NKiF UҩW QKLӅX YӟL FiF ê NLӃQ QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ
FXӝF GL Fѭ QăP WURQJ FiF ViFK FKtQK WKӭF YӅ OӏFK Vӱ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP
KLӋQ QD\

é NLӃQ Yj QKұQ ÿӏQK ULrQJ

/XұW Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ ÿm QyL YӅ WuQK FҧQK RDQ VDL QKѭ VDX
WURQJ GLӉQ YăQ ÿӑF WUѭӟF 0һW 7UұQ 7ә 4XӕF QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
WҥL +j 1ӝL ³4XD FXӝF &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW WD WKҩ\ EDR QKLrX FiF
FKLӃQ Vƭ FiFK PҥQJ WKjQK WtFK OӝQJ Oү\ Fy QJѭӡL QJӵF JҳQ WӟL KDL KX\
FKѭѫQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ Eӏ NӃW iQ Oj SKҧQ ÿӝQJ FѭӡQJ KjR JLDQ iF Yj VDX
NKL QKұQ WӝL Eӏ WӕQJ JLDP KD\ Eӏ KjQK KuQK´ > @ ³7URQJ FXӝF NKiQJ
FKLӃQ DQK GNJQJ FӫD WD QKӳQJ ÿӗQJ EjR ÿm KL VLQK Fy WKӇ QyL ÿѭӧF
FKӃW YӟL WURQJ OzQJ FKDQ FKӭD QӛL YXL VѭӟQJ Yu FKӃW FKR Vӵ QJKLӋS JLҧL
SKyQJ GkQ WӝF NKӓL QDQK YXӕW FӫD ÿӏFK +ӑ FKӃW Yu ÿӏFK FKR WD ÿy Oj

398 LONG ĐIỀN

FiL FKӃW WtFK FӵF FiL FKӃW Yҿ YDQJ FiL FKӃW RDQK OLӋW Pj 7ә TXӕF JKL
QKӟ PX{Q WKXӣ 7UiL OҥL FiF QJѭӡL FKӃW RDQ Yu FiF VDL OҫP WURQJ FXӝF
&ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ÿҩW Qj\ O~F WҳW WKӣ FD\ ÿҳQJ ÿDX [yW Yu FKӃW YӟL
PӝW { GDQK &K~QJ WD ÿm [Ri Eӓ FiL { GDQK ÿy QKѭQJ FRQ FKiX FӫD FiF
QҥQ QKkQ WjL QjR Pj NK{QJ QJұP QJL" ĈDX ÿӟQ KѫQ Ek\ JLӡ WD OjP
WKӃ QjR Pj ELӃQ FiL NKә FӵF FӫD QJѭӡL WҳW WKӣ WKjQK PӝW QLӅP DQ ӫL FKR
Kӑ ÿѭӧF"´[6]

1Kj YăQ 7UҫQ 0ҥQK +ҧR ӣ +j 1ӝL ³7{L QKұQ UD FiL ÿLӅX Qj\ FNJQJ
OkX UӗL Pj QKұQ Wӯ Wӯ EӣL Yu W{L ÿm ÿӵѫF FKӭQJ NLӃQ Fө{F &ҧL FiFK
5XӝQJ ÿҩW ӣ QJRjL PLӅQ %ҳF Pj JLD ÿuQK W{L Oj QҥQ QKkQ 7{L WKҩ\ Qy
UҩW Oj NKӫQJ NKLӃS 7{L NK{QJ KLӇX FiL FKӫ QJKƭD Ju Pj Qy FKӍ Fy PӝW
ELӋQ SKiS GX\ QKҩW Oj WUҩQ iS QJӯѫL WD PDQJ QJѭӡL WD UD ÿҩX Wӕ Yj EҳQ
Eӓ QJѭӡL WD Pj NK{QJ Fy [pW [ӱ F{QJ PLQK FNJQJ NK{QJ Fy EҵQJ Fӟ Ju
Fҧ &XӝF &&5Ĉ Oj PӝW FXӝF GLӋW FKӫQJ QKѭ Oj 3RO 3RW Yj Yeng Sari ÿm
OjP ErQ [ӭ FKD 7KiS Pj WKӡL ÿy W{L ÿm FKӭQJ NLӃQ ´[F̯Q G̳Q QJX͛Q]

1ăP QJX\rQ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP 9} 9ăQ .LӋW QKuQ QKұQ
³7URQJ FiF FKLӃQ GӏFK FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Yj FҧL WҥR F{QJ WKѭѫQJ QJKLӋS
QKLӅX QKkQ Vƭ \rX QѭӟF QKLӅX QKj NLQK GRDQK Fy F{QJ YӟL FiFK PҥQJ
ÿm NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FRL QKѭ EҥQ QӳD Jk\ QKӳQJ WәQ WKҩW OӟQ YӅ FKtQK WUӏ Yj
NLQK WӃ´[14].

7KDP NKҧR

/͓FK 6͵ 9L͏W 1DP &DR 9ăQ /ѭӧQJ FKӫ ELrQ 1[E .KRD
+ӑF ;m +ӝL +j 1ӝL

Ĉ̩L &˱˯QJ /͓FK 6͵ 9L͏W 1DP WұS ,,, /r 0ұX +mQ FKӫ
ELrQ 1[E *LiR 'өF +j 1ӝL

*yS SK̯Q WuP KL͋X /͓FK V͵ Ĉ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q 9L͏W QDP PGS TS
1JX\ӉQ 7UӑQJ 3K~F FKӫ ELrQ 1[E &KtQK 7Uӏ 4XӕF *LD 9LӋQ /ӏFK Vӱ
ĈҧQJ +ӑF 9LrQ &KtQK WUӏ 4XӕF *LD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK +j 1ӝL

9L͏W 1DP WұS , *6 /r ;XkQ .KRD 1[E 7LrQ 5ӗQJ
Maryland, 2004.

4XD 1KͷQJ 6DL /̯P 7URQJ &̫L &iFK 5X͡QJ Ĉ̭W ;k\ '͹QJ 4XDQ
ĈL͋P /mQK Ĉ̩R /6 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ GLӉQ YăQ ÿӑF WUѭӟF 0һW
7UұQ 7ә 4XӕF QJj\ WKiQJ 0ѭӡL WҥL +j 1ӝL

The Viet Minh Regime, Government and Administration in the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Bernard Fall, Greenwood Press,
Connecticut, 1975.

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 399

From Colonialism to Communism, Mҥc Ĉӏnh Hoàng Văn Chí, Nxb
F.A. Praeger, New York, 1964.

Loҥt bài: Hӗ sѫ Cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt trên diӉn ÿàn Talawas
Nhұn ÿӏnh cӫa Long ĈiӅn vӅ tӝi ác cӫa Trѭӡng Chinh trong
Cuӝc chiӃn ViӋt Nam :
Tóm lҥi trong chӭc vө Trѭӣng Ban ChӍ Ĉҥo Trung Ѭѫng CCRĈ,
Trѭӡng Chinh ngѭӡi thӯa hành chӍ thӏ cӫa Hӗ Chí Minh, hҳn phҧi chӏu
hoàn toàn trách nhiӋm trong các tӝi ác diӋt chӫng do chính Trѭӡng
Chinh và lNJ thuӝc hҥ ÿã sát hҥi trên 200.000 nông dân vô tӝi. GiӃt
lҫm là 172.008 nҥn nhân. (Mӝt tài liӋu khác sӕ nҥn nhân trong
CCRĈ bӏ giӃt là trên 500.000). Ĉӕi vӟi xã hӝi VN, Trѭӡng Chinh
phҥm tӝi ác tày trӡi là kҿ ÿҩu tӕ chính cha mҽ ruӝt mình mӝt cách vô
luân và ÿӝc ác. Ĉӗng thӡi qua các cuӝc ÿҩu tӕ ÿӏa chӫ, Hӗ Chí Minh,
Trѭӡng Chinh và ÿҧng CSVN ÿã giұt sұp truyӅn thӕng gia ÿình ViӋt
Nam tӕt ÿҽp ÿã có tӯ mҩy ngàn năm qua, tҥo sӵ chia rӁ trong thôn làng,
trong gia tӝc qua các hình thӭc con tӕ cha, vӧ tӕ chӗng v.v....Tӝi ác
cӫa Trѭӡng Chinh so vӅ sӕ lѭӧng ngѭӡi bӏ sát hҥi rҩt là to lӟn do chính
tay y phát ÿӝng ÿҩu tӕ trong Cҧi Cách Ruӝng Ĉҩt. Trong bài phát biӇu
năm 195188 Trѭӡng Chinh ÿã hô hào bӓ chӳ quӕc ngӳ, theo chӳ Tàu, bӓ
y hӑc Tây phѭѫng trӣ vӅ Ĉông Y hoàn toàn cho thҩy Trѭӡng Chinh là kҿ
ngu dӕt, cӵc ÿoan, bҧo thӫ nӃu hҳn mà là lãnh tө sӁ dүn dҳt dân tӝc VN
ÿӃn chӛ tӗi tӋ nhҩt thӃ giӟi. Trong thӡi ÿiӇm thұp niên 50, nhӳng con
ngѭӡi CSVN ÿӝc ác nhѭ Trѭӡng Chinh không phҧi là hiӃm!!!

400 LONG ĐIỀN

9} YăQ .LӋW

TLӇX Vӱ WKHR WjL OLӋX FӫD &691

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_
Ki%E1%BB%87t :

³9} 9ăQ .LӋW WKiQJ QăP ± WKiQJ QăP WrQ
WKұW Oj 3KDQ 9ăQ +zD, bí danh Sáu Dân Oj PӝW QKj FKtQK WUӏ 9LӋW
1DP QJX\rQ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ Yj VDX ÿy Oj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ
QѭӟF &ӝQJ KzD ;m KӝL &Kӫ QJKƭD 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP ÐQJ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX EiR FKt ÿiQK
JLi Oj QJѭӡL ÿm ÿҭ\ PҥQK F{QJ FXӝF ³ĈәL 0ӟL´ Yj FҧL FiFK FKtQK ViFK
ӣ 9LӋW 1DP NӇ Wӯ QăP [1][2] Oj ³WәQJ F{QJ WUuQK Vѭ´ QKLӅX Gӵ iQ WiR
EҥR FӫD WKӡL NǤ ĈәL PӟL[3][4] 9} 9ăQ .LӋW VLQK QăP WҥL [m 7UXQJ
+LӋS KX\ӋQ 9NJQJ /LrP WӍQK &ӱX /RQJ QD\ Oj WӍQK 9ƭQK /RQJ PLӅQ
1DP 9LӋW 1DP

7KDP JLD FiFK PҥQJ Wӯ QăP WXәL WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR 7KDQK QLrQ
SKҧQ ÿӃ {QJ .LӋW ÿѭӧF NӃW QҥS YjR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ WKiQJ QăP 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ .KӣL QJKƭD 1DP .Ǥ {QJ
Oj +X\ӋQ ӫ\ YLrQ %t WKѭ FKL Eӝ WҥL KX\ӋQ 9NJQJ /LrP 6DX &iFK PҥQJ
WKiQJ 7iP NKL TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS WiL FKLӃP 1DP .Ǥ {QJ Oj 8ӹ YLrQ FKtQK
WUӏ GkQ TXkQ FiFK PҥQJ OLrQ WӍQK 7k\ 1DP %ӝ 7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP
{QJ Oj 7ӍQK Xӹ YLrQ 8ӹ YLrQ %DQ 7KѭӡQJ Yө 7ӍQK Xӹ 5ҥFK *Li

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 401

VDX ÿy Oj 3Ky %t WKѭ UӗL %t WKѭ 7ӍQK Xӹ %ҥF /LrX

6DX +LӋS ÿӏQK *HQqYH QăP {QJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP
8ӹ YLrQ ;ӭ Xӹ 1DP %ӝ Yj 3Ky %t WKѭ OLrQ 7ӍQK Xӹ +ұX *LDQJ 7ӯ QăP
ÿӃQ FXӕL QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF JLDR WUӑQJ WUiFK Oj %t WKѭ .KX ӫ\
7 WӭF NKX 6jL *zQ *LD ĈӏQK ÐQJ EҳW ÿҫX ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR %DQ FKҩS
KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ FӫD ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ĈҥL KӝL ,,, QăP
7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿLӅX YӅ OjP Ӫ\ YLrQ
7KѭӡQJ Yө 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ &өF PLӅQ 1DP

7URQJ &KLӃQ GӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK {QJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW ÿѭӧF 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ
&өF SKkQ F{QJ JLӳ FKӭF %t WKѭ ĈҧQJ Xӹ ÿһF ELӋW WURQJ 8ӹ EDQ 4XkQ
TXҧQ WKjQK SKӕ 6jL *zQ 7ӯ QăP {QJ Oj 3Ky %t WKѭ 7KjQK ӫ\
&Kӫ WӏFK 8ӹ EDQ QKkQ GkQ 7KjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÐQJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW
FNJQJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR 4XӕF KӝL 9LӋW 1DP NKyD 9, 7ӯ VDX ĈҥL KӝL ,9 FӫD
ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QăP {QJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP
8ӹ YLrQ Gӵ NKX\ӃW %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Yj ÿѭӧF SKkQ F{QJ OjP %t WKѭ 7KjQK
Xӹ 7KjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

7ӯ WKiQJ QăP {QJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW ÿѭӧF 4XӕF KӝL 9LӋW 1DP
SKr FKXҭQ JLӳ FKӭF &Kӫ QKLӋP 8ӹ EDQ .Ӄ KRҥFK 1Kj QѭӟF 3Ky &Kӫ
WӏFK 7KѭӡQJ WUӵF UӗL 3Ky &Kӫ WӏFK WKӭ QKҩW +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ 7ӯ
WKiQJ ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP {QJ JLӳ Yӏ WUt TX\ӅQ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ
%ӝ WUѭӣQJ GR &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ 3KҥP +QJ TXD ÿӡL ÿӝW
QJӝW[5] 7ҥL NǤ KӑS WKӭ 4XӕF KӝL NKRi 9,,, WKiQJ QăP {QJ
9} 9ăQ .LӋW ÿѭӧF 4XӕF KӝL EҫX JLӳ FKӭF &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ
QѭӟF &ӝQJ KRj [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD 9LӋW 1DP WKD\ {QJ Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL 7ҥL NǤ
KӑS WKӭ QKҩW 4XӕF KӝL NKRi ,; {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP 7Kӫ
WѭӟQJ &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 3Ky &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ 4XӕF SKzQJ Yj $Q
ninh.

7ӯ WKiQJ QăP ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP {QJ NK{QJ FzQ JLӳ
FiF FKӭF GDQK WURQJ FKtQK SKӫ QKѭQJ YүQ ÿѭӧF %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ
ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ Fӱ OjP &ӕ YҩQ %DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ
9LӋW 1DP[6].

1JKӍ KѭX Yj TXD ÿӡL

6DX NKL Wӯ JLm FKtQK WUѭӡQJ {QJ .LӋW VӕQJ WҥL 7KjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt
Minh.

7URQJ QăP Wӯ ÿӃQ O~F PҩW WUѭӟF PӛL Vӵ NLӋQ QyQJ EӓQJ
TXDQ WUӑQJ PDQJ WҫP TXӕF JLD KRһF ҧQK KѭӣQJ OӟQ ÿӃQ TX\ӅQ OӧL QKkQ
GkQ OҥL WKҩ\ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW OrQ WLӃQJ YӟL Wѭ FiFK PӝW QJѭӡL F{QJ GkQ[7].

402 LONG ĐIỀN