Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj QJѭӡL NKѫL QJXӗQ Yj WҥR PҫP PyQJ FKLD UӁ JLD
ÿuQK FKLD UӁ W{Q JLiR FKLD UӁ WKjQK SKҫQ [m KӝL FKLD UӁ JLDL FҩS NKLӃQ
FKR 9LӋW 1DP QJj\ QD\ VDX QăP FKҩP GӭW FKLӃQ WUDQK FNJQJ NKy WKӇ
KRj KӧS ÿӇ WiL WKLӃW ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj EҧR YӋ FKӫ TX\ӅQ ÿDQJ Eӏ ÿH GRҥ WUҫP
WUӑQJ

+ӗ Jk\ WӝL iF ÿҫX ÿӝF WKDQK QLrQ 9LӋW 1DP TXD YLӋF Wә FKӭF F{QJ
W\ %ҳF 7KҳQJ WҥL 7X\rQ 4XDQJ JLDR FKR 1JX\ӉQ /ѭѫQJ %ҵQJ SKө WUiFK
EX{Q EiQ WKXӕF SKLӋQ YjR 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QăP YӟL Vӕ OѭӧQJ WLrX WKө
KjQJ WҩQ WKXӕF SKLӋQ WҥL 0LӅQ %ҳF Yj Wә FKӭF EiQ WKXӕF SKLӋQ FKR ELQK
Vƭ 91&+ Yj ĈӗQJ 0LQK WURQJ 0LӅQ 1DP 4X\ӇQ ÈQ WtFK &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
9LӋW 1DP FӫD Vӱ JLD 7UҫQ *LD 3KөQJ 1;% 1RQ 1ѭӟF &DQDGD
trang 22-29 )

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj QKӳQJ FiQ Eӝ WURQJ Wә FKӭF FӫD ÐQJ WD O~F QjR
FNJQJ Oj FӝQJ VҧQ 9u Kӑ OX{Q OX{Q WLQ WѭӣQJ WULӋW ÿӇ UҵQJ F{QJ FXӝF
³&iFK PҥQJ FӫD 4XӕF WӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ´ SKҧL ÿӭQJ WUѭӟF PӑL TX\ӅQ
OӧL FӫD TXӕF JLD GkQ WӝF 71 1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 76 0DUN 0R\DU Vӱ JLD
+RD .Ǥ

1KѭQJ TXDQ WUӑQJ KѫQ Fҧ WURQJ FiF WӝL iF Wj\ WUӡL FӫD +ӗ &Kt
Minh là :

3KҧQ EӝL 7ә 4XӕF 9LӋW 1DP 7KHR OXұW KuQK FӫD WKӡL 7UҫQ /r WӝL
SKҧQ TXӕF WKu SKҧL WUX GL WDP WӝF

/jP WD\ VDL FKR QJRҥL EDQJ &647 ÿL QJѭӧF OҥL TX\ӅQ OӧL 'kQ
7ӝF 9LӋW

7ӯ FKӛ OjP WD\ VDL FKR QJRҥL EDQJ 1JD 7jX ÿL ÿӃQ EiQ ÿӭQJ 9LӋW
1DP FKR 7jX &ӝQJ ~

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 303

3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ

7LӇX Vӱ PhҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ (1 tháng 3, 1906 – 29 tháng 4, 2000)72
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ WKiQJ ± WKiQJ Oj Yӏ 7Kӫ
WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP WҥL Yӏ OkX QKҩW ±
ÐQJ Oj PӝW FӝQJ Vӵ FӫD FKӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÐQJ JLӳ FKӭF Yө
7Kӫ WѭӟQJ &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ
QăP Yj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ FӫD QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP WKӕQJ QKҩW Wӯ QăP Wӯ
QăP JӑL Oj &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ FKR ÿӃQ NKL QJKӍ KѭX
QăP ÐQJ Fy PӝW Et GDQK Oj Tô.
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ VLQK UD ӣ [m ĈӭF 7kQ KX\ӋQ 0ӝ ĈӭF WӍQK 4XҧQJ
Ngãi.
ÐQJ WKDP JLD SKRQJ WUjR EmL NKyD FKӕQJ 3KiS FӫD KӑF VLQK VLQK
YLrQ QăP NKL 3KDQ &KkX 7ULQK PҩW 1ăP {QJ VDQJ 4XҧQJ
&KkX Gӵ OӟS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ FiFK PҥQJ GR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Wә FKӭF Yj JLD
QKұS 9LӋW 1DP 7KDQK QLrQ &iFK PҥQJ ĈӗQJ FKt +ӝL ĈӃQ QăP
{QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ YjR .Ǥ Eӝ 1DP .Ǥ UӗL YjR 7әQJ Eӝ 9LӋW 1DP 7KDQK
QLrQ &iFK PҥQJ ĈӗQJ FKt +ӝL Yj WKDP JLD ÿҥL KӝL FӫD Wә FKӭF Qj\ KӑS
ӣ +ӗQJ .{QJ 7KiQJ QăP {QJ Eӏ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS EҳW NӃW iQ
QăP W ÿj\ ÿL &{Q ĈҧR
1ăP {QJ UD W KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ +j 1ӝL 1ăP {QJ Et PұW
VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF FQJ YӟL 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS JLD QKұS ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj ÿѭӧF 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF JLDR QKLӋP Yө YӅ QѭӟF [k\
GӵQJ FăQ Fӭ ÿӏD ӣ ELrQ JLӟL 9LӋW±7UXQJ
1ăP WҥL ĈҥL KӝL 4XӕF GkQ 7kQ WUjR {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR Ӫ\
EDQ 7KѭӡQJ WUӵF JӗP QJѭӡL WKXӝF Ӫ\ EDQ 'kQ WӝF JLҧL SKyQJ FKXҭQ
304 LONG ĐIỀN

Eӏ FKR &iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP
6DX NKL QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD WKjQK OұS {QJ ÿѭӧF JLӳ

FKӭF %ӝ WUѭӣQJ 7jL FKtQK 3Ky 7UѭӣQJ EDQ 7KѭӡQJ Yө 4XӕF KӝL NKyD
I).

7KiQJ QăP {QJ Oj 7UѭӣQJ SKiL ÿRjQ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ
&ӝQJ KzD WҥL +ӝL QJKӏ )RQWDLQHEOHDX 3KiS WKD\ FKR 1JX\ӉQ 7ѭӡQJ
7DP NK{QJ QKұQ QKLӋP Yө QKҵP WuP PӝW JLҧL SKiS ÿӝF OұS FKR Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ 7X\ QKLrQ KӝL QJKӏ Qj\ WKҩW EҥL EӣL Vӵ QJRDQ Fӕ FӫD WKӵF GkQ
3KiS NK{QJ FKӏX WUDR WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

&KLӃQ WUDQK Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ EQJ Qә {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP ĈһF SKiL YLên
FӫD 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ Yj &KtQK SKӫ WҥL 1DP 7UXQJ %ӝ 1ăP {QJ
ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP Ӫ\ YLrQ Gӵ NKX\ӃW %DQ FKҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Xӹ YLrQ FKtQK WKӭF Wӯ QăP 7ӯ WKiQJ
QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP 3Ky 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ GX\ QKҩW

TҥL ĈҥL KӝL ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP
lҫQ WKӭ KDL QăP {QJ WUӣ WKành Ӫ\ YLên Bӝ Chính trӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ
ĈҧQJ

1ăP {QJ Oj 7UѭӣQJ SKiL ÿRjQ &KtQK SKӫ Gӵ +ӝL QJKӏ *HQève
YӅ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 7KiQJ QăP {QJ WUӣ WKjQK 3Ky 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ
&KtQK SKӫ NLrP %ӝ WUѭӣQJ 1JRҥL JLDR QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ
KzD 7ӯ WKiQJ QăP {QJ Oj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ &KtQK SKӫ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP
'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD Yj Wӯ QăP Oj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ FӫD QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
WKӕQJ QKҩW 3Ky &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ 4XӕF SKzQJ 7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ
{QJ Oj &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ FKR ÿӃQ NKL YӅ KѭX QăP
ÐQJ FNJQJ OLrQ WөF Oj ÿҥL ELӇX 4XӕF KӝL Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP
1987.

ÐQJ Oj &ӕ YҩQ %DQ FKҩS KjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
Nam tӯ WKiQJ QăP ÿӃQ ÐQJ FQJ 7әQJ %t WKѭ 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ /LQK Yj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL ÿm WKDP JLD FXӝF JһS NK{QJ FKtQK
WKӭF YӟL OmQK ÿҥR 7UXQJ 4XӕF WҥL 7KjQK Ĉ{ WKiQJ QăP QKҵP
EuQK WKѭӡQJ KyD PӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD KDL QѭӟF VDX KѫQ QăP FăQJ WKҷQJ
Yj [XQJ ÿӝW

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WKӫ WѭӟQJ 3KDQ 9ăQ .KҧL Nê TX\ӃW ÿӏQK
Vӕ 4Ĉ 77J Eә QKLӋP {QJ OjP FKӫ WӏFK GDQK Gӵ +ӝL ÿӗQJ 4XӕF
JLD &KӍ ÿҥR %LrQ VRҥQ 7ӯ ÿLӇQ EiFK NKRD 9LӋW 1DP

ÐQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF WһQJ WKѭӣQJ +XkQ FKѭѫQJ 6DR 9jQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP
Yj QKLӅX KXkQ FKѭѫQJ NKiF FӫD /Lên Xô, Lào, Campuchia, Cuba,
%XOJDULD %D /DQ Yj 0{QJ &ә

9Ӆ FXӕL ÿӡL Gk\ WKҫQ NLQK ÿi\ PҳW FӫD {QJ ÿm Eӏ WHR QrQ PҳW {QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 305

Pӡ GҫQ Yj {QJ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ SKҧL ÿHR NtQK ÿHQ

ÐQJ PҩW WҥL +j 1ӝL QJj\ WKiQJ QăP

*LD ÿuQK

ÐQJ Fy Yӧ Oj Ej 3KҥP 7Kӏ &~F Yj PӝW FRQ WUDL GX\ QKҩW Oj 3KҥP
6ѫQ 'ѭѫQJ 7KLӃX WѭӟQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP 3Ky *LiP ÿӕF
9LӋQ .KRD KӑF Yj &{QJ QJKӋ 4XkQ Vӵ ÐQJ ÿһW WrQ FRQ WUDL PuQK Oj 6ѫQ
'ѭѫQJ ÿӇ JKL QKӟ QKӳQJ QJj\ WKiQJ NӍ QLӋP ӣ FKLӃQ NKX 7kQ 7UjR
KX\ӋQ 6ѫQ 'ѭѫQJ WӍQK 7X\rQ 4XDQJ 9ӧ {QJ Ej 3KҥP 7Kӏ &~F Eӏ
EӋQK WkP WKҫQ Wӯ QăP WKHR FiF EiF Vƭ QJX\rQ QKkQ GүQ WӟL EӋQK
FӫD Ej &~F Oj GR WKӡL JLDQ GjL WKLӃX WKӕQ WuQK FҧP Yӧ FKӗQJ

9u Ot GR ÿy Pj YӅ VDX Fӕ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿm GӑQ YӅ ӣ
KҷQ QKj ULrQJ FKӭ NK{QJ WKѭӡQJ [X\rQ ӣ Yj OjP YLӋF WURQJ NKX{Q YLrQ
3Kӫ &Kӫ WӏFK QKѭ WUѭӟF QӳD FQJ YӟL Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ Yj WҥR ÿLӅX NLӋQ FKӳD
FKҥ\ FӫD SKtD /LrQ ;{ EӋQK FӫD Ej FNJQJ ÿӥ WUҫP WUӑQJ KѫQ QKѭQJ YүQ
NK{QJ NKӓL ÿѭӧF

ĈiQK JLi Wӯ SKtD &691

9ӟL EӅ Gj\ KѫQ QăP KRҥW ÿӝQJ WURQJ Vӵ QJKLӋS &iFK PҥQJ FӫD
ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ ÿy QKLӅX QăP JLӳ FiF FѭѫQJ Yӏ OmQK
ÿҥR FKӫ FKӕW {QJ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX QKj OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Yj KӑF
JLҧ WURQJ QѭӟF QKӳQJ QJѭӡL JҫQ JNJL YӟL {QJ ÿiQK JLi Oj Fy QKLӅX ÿyQJ
JyS TXDQ WUӑQJ WUrQ QKLӅX OƭQK YӵF &ӵX 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 9} 9ăQ .LӋW QKұQ
[pW YӅ {QJ73 “WiF SKRQJ JL̫Q G͓ Pj O͓FK WKL͏S”, “O͙L V͙QJ ÿ̩P E̩F Pj
YăQ KyD” “ṶW P͹F {Q KzD” “K͇W PͱF EuQK G͓” và “1ăP WU˱ͣF ͧ EjL
YL͇W WURQJ FX͙Q ViFK Nͽ QL͏P Y͉ DQK 6iX 7K͕ W{L Fy QK̷F WͣL EL͏W GDQK
³6iX %~D´ WK͋ KL͏Q WtQK TX\͇W ÿRiQ FDR Yj V͹ WK̻QJ WK̷Q WURQJ ÿ̭X
WUDQK Q͡L E͡ FͯD DQK 6iX 9ͣL $QK 7{ W{L WK̭\ G˱ͥQJ QK˱ $QK Oj V͹
E WUͳ FKR DQK 6iX Yj P͡W V͙ DQK NKiF.”.[1] ĈjL 5), QKұQ [pW NKL {QJ
PҩW ³ÐQJ ÿ˱ͫF WL͇QJ Oj V͙QJ JL̫Q G͓ WURQJ V̩FK QK̭W ´ 0ӝW ZHEVLWH
ӣ QѭӟF QJRjL FNJQJ ÿm WyP OѭӧF YӅ {QJ ³3K̩P 9ăQ Ĉ͛QJ ÿ˱ͫF ṶW
QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP \rX P͇Q Yu Fi WtQK FKkQ WK̵W Yj EuQK G͓ FNJQJ QK˱
V͹ W̵Q Wͭ\ F͙QJ KL͇Q ´ ÐQJ Oj PӝW QJѭӡL TXDQ WkP QKLӅX ÿӃQ OƭQK YӵF
JLiR GөF YăQ KyD

7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP FXӕL ÿӡL {QJ WUăQ WUӣ YӟL WӋ QҥQ WKDP QKNJQJ
7URQJ EjL YLӃW FKR 7ҥS FKt &ӝQJ VҧQ WKiQJ QăP QKDQ ÿӅ ³1rX
FDR GDQK KLӋX ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿҧQJ YLrQ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ
9LӋW 1DP´ Fy ÿRҥQ ³ĈL͉X FKͯ \͇X SK̫L QK̭Q P̩QK WKHR WLQK WK̯Q
trên là QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL Fy FKͱF Fy TX\͉Q WURQJ K͏ WK͙QJ W͝ FKͱF FͯD
Ĉ̫QJ 1Kj Q˱ͣF FiF ÿRjQ WK͋ TX̯Q FK~QJ K˱ K͗QJ TXi WKRiL KyD
EL͇Q FK̭W FK̩\ WKHR FKͱF TX\͉Q WL͉Q GDQK Yj OͫL 1KͷQJ QJ˱ͥL ̭\

306 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿDQJ OjP FKR P͡W E͡ SK̵Q NK{QJ QK͗ WURQJ QKkQ GkQ WD QJj\ FjQJ
JL̫P OzQJ WLQ YjR Ĉ̫QJ WD ÿ˱D ÿ͇Q WuQK KuQK QJX\ N͓FK NK{QJ WK͋
FRL WK˱ͥQJ”.[4] và “7{L FKR U̹QJ FiL QKj FͯD FK~QJ WD KL͏Q QD\ ÿDQJ
QKL͉X UiF U˱ͧL Yj G˯ E̱Q OjP FKR TX̯Q FK~QJ QKkQ GkQ SK̳Q Q͡

P͡W FiFK FKtQK ÿiQJ 7URQJ WuQK KuQK QK˱ Y̵\ YL͏F FK~QJ WD SK̫L
ÿ̿W OrQ KjQJ ÿ̯X F{QJ WiF TXpW FiL QKj FͯD FK~QJ WD TXpW G͕Q P͕L
UiF U˱ͧL Yj G˯ E̱Q OjP FKR Qy QJj\ FjQJ V̩FK Vͅ Fy QK˱ Y̵\ FK~QJ
WD PͣL Fy P{L WU˱ͥQJ Yj F˯ K͡L WKX̵Q OͫL ÿ͋ OjP W͙W FiF F{QJ WiF
khác.”.

7X\ QKLrQ {QJ FNJQJ SKҧL FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP PӝW SKҫQ YӅ Vӵ NKӫQJ
KRҧQJ NLQK WӃ ÿҩW QѭӟF QKLӅX QăP WUѭӟF ÿәL PӟL Oj QKӳQJ QăP {QJ
ÿLӅX KjQK Eӝ Pi\ &KtQK SKӫ

'L VҧQ
ÐQJ ÿm F{QJ QKұQ PӝW EҧQ WX\rQ FiR FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӅ FKӫ TX\ӅQ
FӫD Kӑ WUrQ FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR ELӇQ Ĉ{QJ ÐQJ ÿm YLӃW F{QJ KjP 9LӋW 1DP
Yj FKR ÿăQJ WUrQ EiR 1KkQ 'kQ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WURQJ ÿy
Fy ÿRҥQ

1ăP &{QJ KjP FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP GkQ FKӫ FӝQJ KzD
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ JӱL FKR WKӫ WѭӟQJ &ӝQJ KzD 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ +RD
Chu Ân Lai

7Kͯ W˱ͣQJ 9L͏W 1DP 'kQ FKͯ &͡QJ KzD 3K̩P 9ăQ Ĉ͛QJ J͵L WKͱ
WU˱ͧQJ %͡ 1JR̩L JLDR 7UXQJ 4X͙F JKL QK̵Q Yj WiQ WKjQK E̫Q WX\rQ
E͙ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FͯD FKtQK SKͯ 7UXQJ 4X͙F Y͉ K̫L SK̵Q.

&{QJ KjP Qj\ ÿm Oj FiL Fӟ FKR YLӋF ÿә Eӝ FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL 7UXQJ 4XӕF
VDX Qj\ OrQ FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR Pj 9LӋW 1DP YӕQ Fy FKӫ TX\ӅQ Wӯ WUѭӟF QKѭ
+RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D [HP WKrP +ҧL FKLӃQ +RjQJ 6D 7KHR
7X\rQ Eӕ FӫD %ӝ 1JRҥL JLDR QѭӟF &+;+&1 9LӋW 1DP YӅ TXҫQ ÿҧR
+RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WKu 6ӵ GLӉQ JLҧL FӫD
7UXQJ TXӕF YӅ EҧQ F{QJ KjP QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ
QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ +Rj QKѭ PӝW Vӵ F{QJ QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ
FӫD SKLi 7UXQJ TXӕF WUrQ FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR Oj PӝW Vӵ [X\rQ WҥF WUҳQJ WUӧQ
WUrQ WLQK WKҫQ Yj ê QJKƭD FӫD EҧQ F{QJ KjP FKӍ Fy ê ÿӏQK F{QJ QKұQ JLӟL
KҥQ KҧL Oê FӫD OmQK KҧL 7UXQJ TXӕF 1JXӗQ 9LӋW :HHNO\

7LӃQ Vƭ %DOD]V 6]DORQWDL PӝW QKj QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ FKkX È FKR UҵQJ
F{QJ KjP NK{QJ Fy VӭF QһQJ UjQJ EXӝF SKiS Oê Yj QӃX NKL ÿy +j 1ӝL
Fy SKҧQ ÿӕL WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӅ OmQK KҧL WKu FNJQJ NK{QJ QJăQ
ÿѭӧF 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKLӃP +RjQJ 6D

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 307

%iR 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ QѭӟF QyL YӅ &{QJ KjP

3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ

http://chinhdangvu.blogspot.com/2011/07/bao-viet-nam-noi-ve-cong-
ham-pham-van.html

BBC News

3K̩P 9ăQ Ĉ͛QJ EiQ Q˱ͣF KD\ NK{QJ EiQ Q˱ͣF"

/ҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ PӝW Wӡ EiR FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭD UD JLҧL WKtFK YӅ QӝL GXQJ
EӭF F{QJ KjP Jk\ WUDQK FmL FӫD Fӕ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ

%iR FӫD 0һW WUұQ 7ә TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP K{P WKӭ 7ѭ ÿăQJ EjL
µ&{QJ KjP YӟL FKӫ TX\ӅQ +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D FӫD 9LӋW 1DP¶

7ӡ EiR Qj\ QyL QJD\ Wӯ ÿҫX EjL UҵQJ YLӋF 7UXQJ 4XӕF GLӉQ JLҧL QӝL
GXQJ &{QJ KjP QJj\ FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ QKѭ
Oj PӝW FKӭQJ Fӭ FKR WKҩ\ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm F{QJ QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 7UXQJ
4XӕF ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D Oj ³KӃW VӭF SKLӃQ
GLӋQ Yj [X\rQ WҥF QӝL GXQJ ê QJKƭD FӫD EҧQ &{QJ KjP ÿy´

/kX QD\ FiF NrQK FKtQK WKӕQJ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF EDR JӗP Fҧ EiR FKt
Yj WUX\ӅQ WK{QJ ÿm NK{QJ tW OҫQ QKҳF WӟL EҧQ &{QJ KjP WURQJ ÿy
{QJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ YLӃW &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD µJKL
QKұQ Yj WiQ WKjQK¶ WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD &KtQK SKӫ 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӅ KҧL SKұQ
KҧL Oê ÿӗQJ WKӡL VӁ ³FKӍ WKӏ FKR FiF Fѫ TXDQ 1Kj QѭӟF Fy WUiFK QKLӋP
WULӋW ÿӇ W{Q WUӑQJ KҧL SKұQ KҧL Oê FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ PӑL TXDQ KӋ
YӟL QѭӟF &ӝQJ KRj 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ +RD WUrQ PһW ELӇQ´

308 LONG ĐIỀN

Tuy nhiên, bài báo Ĉ̩L ĈRjQ .͇W SKkQ WtFK QӝL GXQJ F{QJ KjP
Qj\ NK{QJ Fy QJKƭD {QJ WKӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP '&&+ O~F ÿy F{QJ QKұQ
FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ
6D Pj YLӋF Pj EiR Qj\ JӑL Oj ³JLҧL WKtFK [X\rQ WҥF &{QJ KjP
Oj PӝW WURQJ FKXӛL QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ Fy WtQK WRiQ QKҵP WҥR Fӟ WӯQJ
EѭӟF KӧS WKӭF KyD \rX ViFK FKӫ TX\ӅQ SKL Oê FӫD Kӑ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ´

%ӕL FҧQK µSKӭF WҥS Yj FҩS EiFK¶

%̫Q &{QJ KjP ÿ˱ͫF JL̫L WKtFK FK͑ Fy WtQK FK̭W QJR̩L JLDR

%jL YLӃW FӫD 1KyP 3KyQJ YLrQ %LӇQ Ĉ{QJ WUrQ Wӡ Ĉ̩L ĈRjQ .͇W
SKkQ WtFK YӅ EӕL FҧQK FӫD EҧQ &{QJ KjP JӱL 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ &KX ÆQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 309

/DL FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj WKӡL ÿLӇP ³Fy QKLӅX FKX\ӇQ ELӃQ SKӭF WҥS Yj FҩS
EiFK ÿӕL YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӅ WuQK KuQK OmQK WKә WUrQ ELӇQ WKHR OXұW SKiS
TXӕF WӃ FNJQJ QKѭ GLӉQ ELӃQ FăQJ WKҷQJ FӫD YҩQ ÿӅ TXkQ Vӵ [XQJ TXDQK
HR ELӇQ ĈjL /RDQ´

7URQJ EӕL FҧQK ÿy EҧQ F{QJ KjP ÿѭӧF JLҧL WKtFK Oj ³ÿѫQ JLҧQ FKӍ
Oj PӝW Fӱ FKӍ QJRҥL JLDR WӕW ÿҽS´ WӭF ³FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ WX\rQ Eӕ PDQJ
WtQK FKtQK WUӏ Yj QJRҥL JLDR FKӭ KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ Fy ê QJKƭD SKiS Oê´
%jL EiR YLӃW ³1ӝL GXQJ F{QJ KjP FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ
FNJQJ ÿѭӧF WKӇ KLӋQ UҩW WKұQ WUӑQJ ÿһF ELӋW Oj NK{QJ KӅ Fy YLӋF WX\rQ Eӕ Wӯ
Eӓ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D´
&iF SKyQJ YLrQ FNJQJ SKkQ WtFK UҵQJ WURQJ O~F ÿy YӅ SKѭѫQJ GLӋQ
SKiS Oê QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP '&&+ ³NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW TXӕF JLD WURQJ
FXӝF WUDQK FKҩS ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D´
7KӵF WӃ WUѭӟF QăP FiF ErQ WUDQK FKҩS ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR Qj\ Oj
7UXQJ 4XӕF ĈjL /RDQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ KzD Yj 3KLOLSSLQHV FKӭ NK{QJ
Fy PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP

³1Kѭ Yұ\ QKӳQJ OӡL WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP '&&+ [HP QKѭ OӡL
WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD PӝW TXӕF JLD WKӭ ED NK{QJ Fy ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ Yө WUDQK
FKҩS ´

1KyP SKyQJ YLrQ NӃW OXұQ ³9Ӆ WKӵF FKҩW F{QJ KjP FKӍ Oj
Vӵ WKӇ KLӋQ PӝW WKiL ÿӝ FKtQK WUӏ PӝW Fӱ FKӍ KӳX QJKӏ YӟL WX\rQ Eӕ JLӟL
KҥQ OmQK KҧL KҧL Oê FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿӇ WUDQK WKӫ Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD 7UXQJ
4XӕF Pj WK{L ´

+ӑ FNJQJ ÿѭD UD PӝW QKұQ [pW WUӵF GLӋQ Oj ³7URQJ VXӕW TXi WUuQK
WKӵF KLӋQ PѭX ÿӗ Ei FKӫ WUrQ %LӇQ Ĉ{QJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm NK{QJ tW OҫQ
ÿѭD UD FiF WjL OLӋX [X\rQ WҥF OӏFK Vӱ ELӃQ Fy WKjQK NK{QJ ELӃQ NK{QJ
WKjQK Fy WXQJ KӓD P ÿӇ Fӕ WuQK OjP VDL OӋFK QKұQ WKӭF FӫD FKtQK QKkQ
GkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF FNJQJ QKѭ FӫD FӝQJ ÿӗQJ TXӕF WӃ YӅ YҩQ ÿӅ Qj\ WKHR
KѭӟQJ Fy OӧL FKR PѭX ÿӗ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF´

/ӡL OӁ Yj QJ{Q Wӯ QKѭ WUrQ tW WKҩ\ WUrQ EiR 9LӋW 1DP 0ӟL ÿk\ FNJQJ
báo Ĉ̩L ĈRjQ .͇W ÿăQJ EjL ÿҧ SKi EiR FKt 7UXQJ 4XӕF µKăP GӑD GkQ
WӝF¶

0ӝW WKӡL JLDQ QD\ ÿm Fy QKLӅX NLӃQ QJKӏ FӫD JLӟL WUt WKӭF Yj QJѭӡL
GkQ 9LӋW 1DP \rX FҫX ÿѭӧF FXQJ FҩS WKrP WK{QJ WLQ YӅ TXDQ KӋ YӟL
7UXQJ 4XӕF QKҩW Oj WURQJ OLrQ TXDQ WӟL FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR ӣ %LӇQ Ĉ{QJ
'ѭ OXұQ FNJQJ ÿzL KӓL ÿѭӧF JLҧL WKtFK YӅ EҧQ &{QJ KjP
Ĉk\ Oj OҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ WUrQ NrQK WK{QJ WLQ FKtQK WKӭF &{QJ KjP
ÿѭӧF PDQJ UD SKkQ WtFK FһQ NӁ

Ĉk\ Oj P͡W KuQK WKͱF FK̩\ W͡L FͯD ÿ̫QJ &691 FKR V͹ YL͏F WU˯ WU̓Q

310 LONG ĐIỀN

Yj E͑ ͝L FͯD OmQK Wͭ &͡QJ V̫Q 6͹ QJͭ\ EL͏Q ÿ͇Q PͱF WUkQ WUiR Pj ḘW
Fͱ QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP QjR ' ͧ WURQJ KD\ QJRjL Q˱ͣF FNJQJ KL͋X U} Oj
&691 O~F ÿy Yu PX͙Q QK̵Q YL͏Q WUͫ FͯD &674 ÿ͋ FKL͇P 0L͉Q 1DP 9L͏W
1DP E̹QJ P͕L Jti QrQ K͕ NK{QJ Wͳ P͡W KjQK ÿ͡QJ QjR N͋ F̫ W͡L iF
Wj\ WUͥL Oj SK̫Q TX͙F Yj EiQ Q˱ͣF FKR 7jX N̓ WK WUX\͉Q NL͇S FͯD 9L͏W
1DP /RQJ ĈL͉Q EuQK OX̵Q

1KұQ ÿӏQK Yj ÿiQK JLi 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW NK{QJ
FӝQJ VҧQ:

9ӟL QăP WҥL FKӭF 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ PӝW FKӭF Yө OkX QăP QKҩW WKӃ
JLӟL FKӭQJ Wӓ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Oj QJѭӡL WKDP TX\ӅQ Fӕ Yӏ Pj NK{QJ
SKҧL FKӍ Fy 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ QKLӅX FiQ Eӝ &6 TXӕF WӃ FNJQJ Yұ\ 9u VDR
PӝW Yӏ WKӫ WѭӟQJ~ NKҧ NtQK ÿӃQ QKѭ Yұ\ OҥL WәQJ NӃW FXӝF ÿӡL OjP WKӫ
WѭӟQJ FӫD PuQK ÿҫ\ FKXD FKiW QKѭ VDX

³7{L Oj Yӏ WKӫ WѭӟQJ OkX QKҩW WKӃ JLӟL Pj FNJQJ NKә QKҩW WKӃ JLӟL /j
WKӫ WѭӟQJ WKұW QKѭQJ W{L FKҷQJ Fy TX\ӅQ KjQK Ju KӃW &iF WKӭ WUѭӣQJ
Eӝ WUѭӣQJ WURQJ FKtQK SKӫ W{L ÿkX Fy TX\ӅQ OӵD FKӑQ ´

7KұW UD YӅ YLӋF Qj\ QKLӅX FiQ Eӝ FҩS FDR WURQJ WKӫ WѭӟQJ SKӫ NKL
ÿy ÿӅX ELӃW U} QKѭ VDX

/r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ELӃW 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ UѫL YjR WuQK WUҥQJ
NKӫQJ KRҧQJ FDR ÿӝ WURQJ ÿӡL VӕQJ WuQK FҧP ULrQJ Wӵ 'R Ej &~F SKX
QKkQ FӫD WKӫ WѭӟQJ KRjQ WRjQ PҩW WUt Yu EӋQK WkP WKҫQ 9ӡ Wӓ UD WK{QJ
FҧP VDX NKL JӧL ê WKӫ WѭӟQJ FҫQ ÿѭӧF FKăP VyF FKX ÿiR YӅ VӭF NKӓH
FNJQJ QKѭ WLQK WKҫQ ÿӇ FkQ EҵQJ OҥL ÿӡL VӕQJ WuQK FҧP Fy Yұ\ PӟL SKөF
Yө WӕW FKR FiFK PҥQJ FKtQK /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿm EұW ÿqQ [DQK FKR QJX\rQ
WKӭ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 9ăQ KyD +j +X\ *LiS JLӟL WKLӋX FKR WKӫ WѭӟQJ PӝW Qӳ
GLӉQ YLrQ YăQ F{QJ NKi [LQK ÿҽS ÿm QJKӍ KѭX WrQ Oj 7U~F ÿѭӧF ÿһF FiFK
Oj QJѭӡL WUӵF WLӃS SKөF Yө Yj ³VăQ VyF VӭF NKӓH´ FKR WKӫ WѭӟQJ 9j WKӃ
Oj YLӋF SKҧL [ҧ\ UD ÿm [ҧ\ UD WKHR ÿ~QJ NӏFK EҧQ FӫD {QJ ³WUѭӣQJ EDQ
7ә FKӭF WKLrQ WjL´ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FKӍ FzQ YLӋF FKR WD\ FKkQ OpQ O~W JKL OҥL
FXӝF WuQK PL PүQ FӫD Yӏ WKӫ WѭӟQJ WuQK FҧP Yj QJѭӡL SKөF Yө [LQK ÿҽS
FӫD {QJ EҵQJ kP WKDQK Yj KuQK ҧQK

ĈӃQ ÿk\ KҷQ FK~QJ WD ÿm KLӇX Yu VDR Yӏ WKӫ WѭӟQJ WӝL QJKLӋS ÿm
NK{QJ GiP WUiL OӋQK {QJ WUѭӣQJ %DQ Wә FKӭF 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҫ\ TX\ӅQ X\
ÿӃQ QӱD OӡL

3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Nê F{QJ KjP ³EiQ QѭӟF´ QăP YӃW QKѫ WӝL
OӛL WUѭӟF OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP

http://ai-thang-ai.blogspot.com/2008/09/phm-vn-ng-k-cng-hm-bn-
nc-nm-1958-vt-nh.html

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 311

Tӯ “Phҥm Văn Ĉӗng” tӟi “Thành Ĉô”, hai công hàm bán nѭӟc:

http://tintuchangngay4.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/t%E1%BB%AB-
ph%E1%BA%A1m-van-d%E1%BB%93ng-t%E1%BB%9Bi-thanh-
do-hai-cong-ham-ban-n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc/

11/01/2012

Trҫn Trung Ĉҥo
VӅ hình thӭc “công hàm Phҥm Văn Ĉӗng” chҷng khác gì mӝt công
án thiӅn, chӍ 121 chӳ vӟi nӝi dung ÿѫn giҧn nhѭng làm tӕn không biӃt
bao nhiêu giҩy mӵc, phân tích, bàn thҧo và làm ngѭng chҧy dòng nhұn
thӭc cӫa mӑi ngѭӡi mӛi khi nhҳc ÿӃn.
HuyӅn bí hѫn nӳa, “công hàm” là mӝt tài liӋu có thұt và là cây gai
trong mҳt cӫa nhӳng ngѭӡi quan tâm ÿӃn vұn mӋnh ÿҩt nѭӟc, nhѭng
trong bao nhiêu lҫn “xác ÿӏnh chӫ quyӅn ViӋt Nam trên các ÿҧo Hoàng
Sa, Trѭӡng Sa” giӟi lãnh ÿҥo ÿҧng Cӝng Sҧn ViӋt Nam không hӅ nhҳc
ÿӃn, tѭӣng chӯng nhѭ văn bҧn ÿó không phҧi là cӫa hӑ. Sӵ im lһng phҧi
có lý do, bӣi vì nӃu chӍ là vҩn ÿӅ biӇn ÿҧo, lãnh ÿҥo ÿҧng ÿã giҧi thích
tӯ lâu rӗi ÿâu cҫn ÿӧi ai nhҳc nhӣ.
Trѭӟc khi bàn ÿӃn “công hàm” mӟi, phҧi nhҳc lҥi vài chuyӋn vӅ
“công hàm” cNJ.
Ngày ngày 4 tháng 9 năm 1958, Quӕc hӝi Trung Quӕc ra tuyên bӕ
hai ÿiӇm, ÿiӇm thӭ nhҩt có liên hӋ trӵc tiӃp ÿӃn lãnh thә ViӋt Nam gӗm
Tây Sa tӭc Hoàng Sa và Nam Sa tӭc Trѭӡng Sa. Ĉáp lҥi lӡi tuyên bӕ
này, ngày 14 tháng 9 năm 1958, Phҥm Văn Ĉӗng, Thӫ tѭӟng CSVN ÿã
gӣi cho Thӫ tѭӟng Chu Ân Lai mӝt công hàm “ghi nhұn và tán thành
bҧn tuyên bӕ, ngày 4 tháng 9 năm 1958, cӫa Chính phӫ nѭӟc Cӝng Hoà
Nhân dân Trung-hoa, quyӃt ÿӏnh vӅ hҧi phұn cӫa Trung-quӕc”.
Ngày 22 tháng Chín năm 1958, công hàm ÿã ÿѭӧc ÿăng trên báo
Nhân dân ÿӇ toàn Ĉҧng, toàn dân và toàn thӃ giӟi biӃt hai quҫn ÿҧo
Hoàng Sa và Trѭӡng Sa là cӫa Trung Quӕc. Nhӳng ai trѭӟc nay nghƭ
rҵng Hoàng Sa, Trѭӡng Sa là cӫa ViӋt Nam vì ÿӑc Phӫ Biên Tҥp Lөc
cӫa hӑc giҧ Lê Quý Ĉôn hay Ĉҥi Nam Thӵc Lөc cӫa triӅu NguyӉn
v.v...không nhӳng là mӝt sai lҫm lӏch sӱ mà còn ÿi ngѭӧc lҥi quyӃt ÿӏnh
cӫa Ĉҧng. Ngày 19 tháng Giêng năm 1974, hҧi quân Trung Quӕc tҩn
công quҫn ÿҧo Hoàng Sa. Sau nhӳng trұn hҧi chiӃn không cân sӭc, hҧi
quân ViӋt Nam Cӝng Hòa triӋt thoái khӓi Hoàng Sa. Tӯ ÿó, quҫn ÿҧo

312 LONG ĐIỀN

WKkQ \rX Qj\ QҵP WURQJ WD\ JLһF

.KL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD 9LӋW 1DP Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF WUӣ QrQ WӗL WӋ VDX QăP
YҩQ ÿӅ FKӫ TX\ӅQ +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D ÿѭӧF ÿѭD UD ĈһF ELӋW VDX
FKLӃQ WUDQK ELrQ JLӟL OҫQ WKӭ QKҩW QăP 9LӋW 1DP UD EҥFK WKѭ YӅ
FKӫ TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP WUrQ FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR Qj\ YӟL QKLӅX EҵQJ FKӭQJ Yj WjL
OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ QKѭ TXӕF WӃ 3KҧQ ӭQJ YӅ SKtD 7UXQJ 4XӕF
QJRjL YLӋF GүQ FKӭQJ FiF ³WjL OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ´ ULrQJ FӫD PuQK Kӑ FzQ GӵD
YjR F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿӇ FKR UҵQJ 9LӋW 1DP FKtQK WKӭF WKӯD
QKұQ KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR Oj FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Wӯ QăP 7UXQJ 4XӕF FzQ
FKR ELӃW QJD\ WURQJ FiF ViFK JLiR NKRD ÿӏD Oê EұF WUXQJ KӑF WUѭӟF QăP
WҥL PLӅQ EҳF 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ ÿm [iF ÿӏQK +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D Oj
FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj QJRjL UD WKӭ WUѭӣQJ QJRҥL JLDR 9LӋW 1DP 8QJ 9ăQ
.KLrP FNJQJ OұS OҥL ÿLӅX Qj\ NKL WLӃS WKDP Yө WzD ÿҥL Vӭ 7UXQJ 4XӕF /L
Zhimin.

0ӝW OjQ VyQJ F{QJ SKүQ WURQJ FiF WҫQJ OӟS QKkQ GkQ WUѭӟF QăP
FKӍ SKiW [XҩW Wӯ PLӅQ 1DP ÿm EҳW ÿҫX Gҩ\ OrQ WURQJ Yj QJRjL
QѭӟF 1KѭQJ FQJ O~F YӟL QKӳQJ FKr WUiFK JLұQ Gӳ NӃW iQ QKLӅX TXDQ
ÿLӇP FNJQJ ÿѭӧF ÿѭD UD QKѭ PӝW FiFK PiFK QѭӟF FKR ÿҧQJ ÿӇ WKiR Jӥ
FKLӃF YzQJ NLP F{ ÿҧQJ Wӵ ÿһW OrQ ÿҫX Wӯ QăP

&iFK Jӥ UӕL WKӭ QKҩW FKR UҵQJ F{QJ KjP NK{QJ Fy JLi WUӏ SKiS Oê Yu
PӝW TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Y{ FQJ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKѭ WKӃ SKҧL ÿѭӧF TXӕF KӝL WK{QJ
qua.

&iFK Jӥ UӕL WKӭ KDL FKR UҵQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm [X\rQ WҥF QӝL GXQJ
F{QJ KjP Yu F{QJ KjP FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ NK{QJ ÿӅ FұS ÿӃQ +RjQJ
6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D

&iFK Jӥ UӕL WKӭ ED FKR UҵQJ F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ³FKӍ Oj WKLӋQ
FKt FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ӫQJ Kӝ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ YLӋF WUDQK FKҩS YӟL 0ӻ YӅ
DQ QLQK ӣ YQJ ELӇQ JҫQ ĈjL /RDQ´

&iFK Jӥ UӕL WKӭ Wѭ FKR UҵQJ WKHR QӝL GXQJ KӝL QJKӏ *HQHYD +RjQJ
6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D ÿm WKXӝF YӅ SKtD 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD PӝW TXӕF JLD Fy
FKӫ TX\ӅQ ÿӝF OұS WRjQ YҽQ OmQK WKә WURQJ NKX{Q NKә FӫD KLӋS ÿӏQK
Geneva.

&ҧ EӕQ FiFK Jӥ UӕL ÿӅX NK{QJ YӳQJ

9ҩQ ÿӅ Fy WK{QJ TXD KD\ NK{QJ WK{QJ TXD YL SKҥP KD\ NK{QJ YL
SKҥP KLӃQ SKiS 9LӋW 1DP Oj YҩQ ÿӅ ULrQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP 7KӵF WӃ TXӕF
KӝL FKӍ Oj Fѫ TXDQ ÿyQJ GҩX WҥL FiF TXӕF JLD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿm ÿѭӧF TXӕF
tӃ WKӯD QKұQ 7әQJ WKӕQJ *HUDOG )RUG Nê WK{QJ FiR FKXQJ YӅ WKӓD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 313

KLӋS 6$/7 YӟL 7әQJ Et WKѭ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ /LrQ ;{ /HRQLG %UH]KQHY
WҥL 9ODGLYRVWRN QăP PһF G WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy &Kӫ WӏFK 6{ 9LӃW 7ӕL
&DR Oj 1LNRODL 3RGJRUQ\ 1Jj\ WKiQJ *LrQJ QăP 7әQJ WKӕQJ
-LPP\ &DUWHU N\ WKӓD KLӋS EuQK WKѭӡQJ KyD FiF TXDQ KӋ Nӻ WKXұW NLQK
WӃ WKѭѫQJ PҥL YӟL ĈһQJ 7LӇX %uQK PһF G FKӭF Yө FӫD Kӑ ĈһQJ FKӍ
Oj PӝW SKy WKӫ WѭӟQJ 'ѭӟL FKӃ ÿӝ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ PӑL YăQ EҧQ TXDQ WUӑQJ
ÿӅX SKҧL WK{QJ TXD Eӝ FKtQK WUӏ Fѫ TXDQ TX\ӅQ OӵF WӕL FDR 3KҥP 9ăQ
ĈӗQJ ӫ\ YLrQ %ӝ FKtQK WUL ÿyQJ YDL WKӫ WѭӟQJ FKtQK SKӫ QrQ SKҧL Nê
F{QJ KjP 7KӡL ÿLӇP WKiQJ QăP GDQK ViFK Eӝ FKtQK WUӏ ÿѭӧF
EҫX UD WURQJ ĈҥL KӝL OҫQ ,, QăP FNJQJ QKѭ ÿѭӧF Eә W~F WURQJ QKӳQJ
QăP VDX ÿy JӗP +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK /r 'XҭQ 9} 1JX\rQ
*LiS 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 7KDQK /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ 3KҥP +QJ
1JX\ӉQ 'X\ 7ULQK /r 7KDQK 1JKӏ +RjQJ 9ăQ +RDQ

/ê OXұQ FKR UҵQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm [X\rQ WҥF QӝL GXQJ F{QJ KjP
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yu F{QJ KjP NK{QJ ÿӅ FұS ÿӃQ +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ
6D OҥL FjQJ \ӃX KѫQ %iR ĈҥL ĈRjQ .ӃW SKiW KjQK YLӃW
³7URQJ &{QJ KjP FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ NK{QJ Fy Wӯ QjR
FkX QjR ÿӅ FұS ÿӃQ YҩQ ÿӅ OmQK WKә Yj FKӫ TX\ӅQ FjQJ NK{QJ QrX WrQ
EҩW NǤ TXҫQ ÿҧR QjR QKѭ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm QrX´ &mL QKѭ EiR ĈҥL ĈRjQ
.ӃW Oj PӝW FiFK Wӵ NӃW iQ PuQK Yu OӡL WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD SKtD 7UXQJ 4XӕF JKL
U} ³çLӅX OӋ Qj\ iS GөQJ FKR WRjQ OmQK WKә QѭӟF &ӝQJ +zD 1KkQ 'kQ
7UXQJ 4XӕF EDR JӗP SKҫQ ÿҩW 7UXQJ 4XӕF WUrQ ÿҩW OLӅQ Yj FiF KҧL ÿҧR
QJRjL NKѫL çjL /RDQ WiFK ELӋW NKӓL ÿҩW OLӅQ Yj FiF KҧL ÿҧR NKiF EӣL
ELӇQ Fҧ Yj FiF ÿҧR SKө FұQ TXҫQ ÿҧR %jQK +ӗ 3HQJKX TXҫQ ÿҧR
ç{QJ 6D TXҫQ ÿҧR 7k\ 6D TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UXQJ 6D TXҫQ ÿҧR 1DP 6D Yj
FiF ÿҧR NKiF WKXӝF 7UXQJ 4XӕF´ Yj 9LӋW 1DP SKҩQ NKӣL ÿiS ӭQJ EҵQJ
FiFK ³JKL QKұQ Yj WiQ WKjQK´ WRjQ YăQ EҧQ

/ê OXұQ FKR UҵQJ 9LӋW 1DP FKӍ Ej\ Wӓ ³WKLӋQ FKt FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ӫQJ
Kӝ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ YLӋF WUDQK FKҩS YӟL 0ӻ YӅ DQ QLQK ӣ YQJ ELӇQ
JҫQ ĈjL /RDQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm SKҧQ EӝL 9LӋW 1DP NKL GQJ F{QJ KjP
ÿy ÿӇ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD PuQK ӣ +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D´ GR
PӝW QKyP WiF JLҧ Nê WURQJ NLӃQ QJKӏ JӣL ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP
FNJQJ NK{QJ WKX\ӃW SKөF 9LӋW 1DP Wӵ ÿѭD Fә YjR WUzQJ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL
7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿһW WUzQJ YjR Fә 9LӋW 1DP %ҧQ WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD SKtD 7UXQJ
4XӕF NK{QJ FKӍ QKҵP [iF ÿӏQK FKӫ TX\ӅQ WUrQ FiF ÿҧR ĈjL /RDQ Pj
Fҧ FiF QKyP ÿҧR NKiF WURQJ ÿy Fy +RjQJ 6D WrQ WLӃQJ 7jX Oj 7k\ 6D
Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D WrQ WLӃQJ 7jX Oj 1DP 6D Yj F{QJ KjP FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ
ĈӗQJ FNJQJ NK{QJ FKӍ QKҳP YjR ĈjL /RDQ Pj ӫQJ Kӝ WRjQ Eӝ OӡL TX\ӃW

314 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿӏQK YӅ KҧL SKұQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF .K{QJ PӝW TXDQ WzD TXӕF WӃ QjR
WUuQK ÿӝ Vѫ ÿҷQJ ÿӃQ PӭF ÿiQK JLi KDL YăQ EҧQ PӝW FiFK ÿӝF OұS YӟL
nhau.

/ê OXұQ NKiF QӳD GӵD YjR KLӋS ÿӏQK *HQHYD WX\rQ FiR FӫD FKtQK
SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD F{QJ Eӕ QJj\ WKiQJ +DL QăP [iF ÿӏQK
FKӫ TX\ӅQ WUrQ FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D FNJQJ QKѭ %ҥFK
WKѭ FӫD %ӝ 1JRҥL *LDR 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD ÿҫX QăP ÿӇ EiF Eӓ
JLi WUӏ SKiS Oê FӫD F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ NK{QJ
WKӇ F{QJ QKұQ QKӳQJ Ju NK{QJ WKXӝF OmQK WKә FӫD 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ
&ӝQJ +zD Ĉk\ Oj Oê OXұQ Fy Fӣ Vӣ SKiS Oê QKҩW Yj Fy WKӇ GQJ ÿӇ ELӋQ
OXұQ WURQJ FiF KӝL QJKӏ TXӕF WӃ UҩW WLӃF 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD NK{QJ FzQ
KLӋQ GLӋQ YӅ PһW F{QJ SKiS TXӕF WӃ &ӝQJ +zD ;m +ӝL &Kӫ 1JKƭD 9LӋW
1DP ÿѭӧF [HP QKѭ JLӳ TX\ӅQ WjL SKiQ

0ӝW QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP QjR Fy FK~W TXDQ WkP YӅ ÿҩW QѭӟF FNJQJ Fy OҫQ
Wӵ KӓL WҥL VDR OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ QJj\ ÿy Vѫ VyW ÿӃQ PӭF QKѭ Yұ\"

3KҧL FKăQJ Yu WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy ³WuQK KӳX QJKӏ 9LӋW ± 7UXQJ ÿDQJ WKҳP
WKLӃW Yj KDL QѭӟF KRjQ WRjQ WLQ Fұ\ OүQ QKDX´ QKѭ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK
&ҫP SKiW ELӇX"

3KҧL FKăQJ Yu WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy ÿҧQJ SKҧL WұS WUXQJ YjR FKLӃQ WUDQK
³FKӕQJ 0ӻ FӭX QѭӟF´ QKѭ FKtQK WiF JLҧ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ SKkQ WUҫQ"

.K{QJ Kӑ FKҷQJ QKӳQJ NK{QJ Vѫ VyW NK{QJ FKӑQ OӵD NKy NKăQ
QKѭQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ EҵQJ Fҧ QKLӋW WuQK 7URQJ TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD ÿҧQJ F{QJ
KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ SKҧQ ҧQK PөF WLrX WUѭӟF PҳW FNJQJ QKѭ OkX GjL
FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 9LӋF FKӑQ OӵD ÿҧQJ WUrQ ÿҧR ÿһW Oê WѭӣQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
WUrQ TX\ӅQ OӧL GkQ WӝF Oj PӝW FKӑQ OӵD Wӵ QKLrQ NKiFK TXDQ KRjQ WRjQ
SK KӧS YӟL KѭӟQJ SKiW WULӇQ FiFK PҥQJ [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD 6ӵ Q{ OӋ
YjR Wѭ WѭӣQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ EDR WUP OrQ PӑL OmQK YӵF ÿӡL VӕQJ FӫD [m KӝL
PLӅQ %ҳF

7ѭӣQJ FNJQJ FҫQ QKҳF OҥL WKӡL ÿLӇP QăP FzQ Oj WKӡL ÿLӇP
QyQJ EӓQJ JLӳD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj 0ӻ YӅ YҩQ ÿӅ ĈjL /RDQ 0ӛL QJj\
SKiR ELQK 7UXQJ 4XӕF EҳQ KjQJ WUăP YLrQ ÿҥL EiF YjR KDL ÿҧR .LP
0{Q Yj 0m 7ә 1Kѭ 0DR WLӃW Oӝ YӟL .KUXVKFKHY VDX Qj\ \ NK{QJ Fy
ê ÿӏQK ³JLҧL SKyQJ´ ĈjL /RDQ 9LӋF EҳQ SKi ĈjL /RDQ FKӍ Oj WKiL ÿӝ
FӫD Nҿ ³ăQ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF SKi FKR K{L´ ÿӇ WKӓD OzQJ FăP KұQ 7KӡL ÿLӇP
QăP YҩQ ÿӅ FKӫ TX\ӅQ +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D FKѭD SKҧL Oj PӕL EұQ
WkP KjQJ ÿҫX FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF WX\ QKLrQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL VRҥQ WKҧR EҧQ
F{QJ Eӕ FKӫ TX\ӅQ ELӇQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm ELӃW SKzQJ [D 9LӋW 1DP

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 315

WKu NK{QJ 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ Fy QKLӅX FiFK ÿӇ OjP Kҧ Gҥ ÿjQ DQK 7UXQJ
4XӕF Pj YүQ JLӳ ÿѭӧF FKӫ TX\ӅQ ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj FiFK GӉ QKҩW Oj YLӃW JҥFK
ÿtW ÿyQJ NKXQJ W{ PjX KDL FKӳ ĈjL /RDQ WURQJ YăQ EҧQ *LӟL OmQK ÿҥR
ÿҧQJ ÿm NK{QJ OjP ÿLӅX ÿy

1ӱD WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF Fҧ Eӝ FKtQK WUӏ OүQ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &691 YLӉQ
GX WURQJ JLҩF PӝQJ YӅ PӝW WKLrQ ÿѭӡQJ TXӕF WӃ Y{ VҧQ WURQJ ÿy FRQ
QJѭӡL PDQJ TXӕF WӏFK 7UXQJ +RD KD\ 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ NK{QJ Pҩ\ NKiF
QKDX 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy FKLӃP +RjQJ 6D FNJQJ FKҷQJ TXD Oj JLӳ JLP FKR
9LӋW 1DP WӕW KѫQ Oj ÿӇ FKR 0ӻ FKLӃP 1yL UD QKѭ PӝW FKX\ӋQ FѭӡL
QKѭQJ ÿy Oj Vӵ WKұW ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP PDQJ ѫQ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
7UXQJ 4XӕF VkX ÿұP 1Kѭ KҫX KӃW WjL OLӋX TXӕF WӃ Yj Fҧ WjL OLӋX FKLQK
WKӭF FӫD ÿҧQJ WURQJ WKұS QLrQ QăP 9LӋW 1DP SKө WKXӝF YjR
7UXQJ 4XӕF NK{QJ QKӳQJ V~QJ ÿҥQ OѭѫQJ WKӵF FKӍ KX\ KұX FҫQ OmQK
ÿҥR Pj Fҧ Wѭ WѭӣQJ Yj WLQK WKҫQ ĈLӋQ YăQ FӫD ÿҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP
JӣL ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF VDX KӝL QJKӏ ÿҧQJ OҫQ WKӭ KDL WKiQJ
QăP QKѭ +RjQJ 9ăQ +RDQ QKҳF OҥL WURQJ KӗL Nê *LӑW QѭӟF Yj
ELӇQ Fҧ ³ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP QJX\ӋQ QRL JѭѫQJ DQK GNJQJ ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF KӑF WұS Wѭ WѭӣQJ 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ
OmQK ÿҥR QKkQ GkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj FiF GkQ WӝF È Ĉ{QJ WUrQ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
ÿӝF OұS Yj Wӵ FKӫ´

/ӏFK Vӱ FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP ÿҫ\ K\ VLQK [ѭѫQJ PiX FӫD Wә WLrQ WD ÿӇ
Fy PӝW QҳP ÿҩW [k\ OrQ ÿy PӝW PiL QKj WUDQK FKH QҳQJ FKH PѭD JӑL Oj
9LӋW 1DP ÿӕL YӟL OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ Oj VҧQ SKҭP FӫD Wѭ GX\ SKRQJ NLӃQ
7KHR Oê OXұQ GX\ YұW OӏFK Vӱ PӛL KuQK WKiL VҧQ [XҩW Fy PӝW WKѭӧQJ
WҫQJ NLӃQ WU~F FKtQK WUӏ YăQ KyD [m KӝL QKkQ YăQ WKtFK KӧS QKӳQJ Ju
FӫD TXi NKӭ ÿm WKXӝF YӅ TXi NKӭ 7URQJ TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD ÿҧQJ FiF Qӛ
OӵF FӫD Wә WLrQ WD QKҵP QJăQ FKһQ kP PѭX ÿӗQJ KyD FӫD FiF WULӅX ÿҥL
+iQ 7ҩQ 7Ӆ /ѭѫQJ 7\ ĈѭӡQJ 7ӕQJ 0LQK Y Y ÿӅX PDQJ WtQK OӏFK
Vӱ WtQK JLDL FҩS FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL WtQK YăQ KyD WtQK WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ [m KӝL
[m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD VӁ WѭѫL ÿҽS KѫQ FRQ QJѭӡL [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD YăQ PLQK
KѫQ Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF VӁ ÿӕL [ӱ YӟL FiF QѭӟF QKӓ OiQJ JLӅQJ EuQK ÿҷQJ
WURQJ WLQK WKҫQ TXӕF WӃ Y{ VҧQ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL EҵQJ WLQK WKҫQ ÿҥL +iQ

0өF ÿtFK FăQ EҧQ FӫD %DQ QJKLrQ FӭX /ӏFK Vӱ Yj ÿӏD Oê 9LӋW 1DP
ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS QJj\ WKiQJ QăP NK{QJ SKҧL QKҵP WәQJ KӧS
FiF WjL OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ ÿӏD Oê 9LӋW 1DP Pj ÿӇ ³*yS SKҫQ YjR YLӋF EӗL
GѭӥQJ Oê OXұQ YӅ FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ Yj ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FiFK PҥQJ FӫD
ĈҧQJ *yS SKҫQ QkQJ FDR WLQK WKҫQ \rX QѭӟF Yj WLQK WKҫQ TXӕF WӃ Y{
VҧQ FӫD QKkQ GkQ WD 3Kr SKiQ QKӳQJ TXDQ ÿLӇP Wѭ WѭӣQJ SKҧQ ÿӝQJ

316 LONG ĐIỀN

VDL OҫP 3KiW WULӇQ JLDR OѭX YăQ KyD NKRD KӑF YӟL FiF QѭӟF ´ 9ӟL FiF
PөF ÿtFK SKҧQ ҧQK WLQK WKҫQ YRQJ WKkQ Q{ OӋ QKѭ WKӃ NK{QJ Oҥ Ju Wӯ
WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ FKR ÿӃQ FiF FKL Eӝ Kҥ WҫQJ Wӯ FiF ÿҥL KӑF FKR ÿӃQ FiF
WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF SKә WK{QJ Wӯ FiF QKj YăQ FKR ÿӃQ QKj WKѫ NK{QJ
PӝW WjL OLӋX QjR FKR WKҩ\ Fy PӝW WLӃQJ QyL NKiF JLyQJ OrQ KD\ PӝW QKj
QJKLrQ FӭX QjR QrX OrQ WKҳF PҳF 9LӋF 7UXQJ 4XӕF TXҧ TX\ӃW ViFK JLiR
NKRD ÿӏD Oê WҥL PLӅQ EҳF FNJQJ ÿm [iF ÿӏQK +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D WKXӝF
YӅ 7UXQJ 4XӕF NK{QJ SKҧL Oj NK{QJ Fy FăQ Fӭ

7URQJ 7X\ӇQ WұS 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Kӑ 0DR WӯQJ QKҩQ PҥQK PӝW
FiFK KmQK GLӋQ FKtQ FKөF SKҫQ WUăP QJѭӡL 7UXQJ +RD Oj JӕF +iQ WX\
QKLrQ WURQJ PҳW OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ &691 ÿiP 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ /ѭX
7KLӃX .Ǥ &KX ÆQ /DL NK{QJ OLrQ KӋ KX\ӃW WKӕQJ Ju YӟL ÿiP 7{ ĈӏQK
0m 9LӋQ /ѭX /RQJ WKӡL 7k\ +iQ PӝW WULӅX ÿҥL ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ FiF FKtQK
ViFK ÿӗQJ KyD Wә WLrQ 9LӋW 1DP PӝW FiFK WjQ EҥR ÿӃQ QӛL Vӱ JLD /r 9ăQ
+ѭX SKҧL WKӕW OrQ WURQJ ĈҥL 9LӋW 6ӱ .ê 7RjQ 7Kѭ EҧQ Jӛ NKҳF QăP
&KtQK +zD ³;LQ WUӡL Yu QѭӟF 9LӋW WD VӟP VLQK WKiQK QKkQ Wӵ OjP
ÿӃ QѭӟF QKj ´

.KDL TXұW ³F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj ÿӅ [iF QKұQ
JLi WUӏ SKiS Oê FӫD PҧQK JLҩ\ OӝQ ÿy .K{QJ PӝW QJѭӡL Wә FKӭF ÿҧQJ
SKiL QjR Fy TX\ӅQ VDQJ QKѭӧQJ OmQK WKә 9LӋW 1DP QѫL PiX [ѭѫQJ FӫD
EDR QKLrX WKӃ KӋ ÿm WKҳP OrQ WӯQJ QҳP ÿҩW 4X\ӃW WkP EҧR YӋ ÿҩW QѭӟF
TXD OӡL WKӅ /NJQJ 1KDL OӡL QJX\ӅQ V{QJ +yD YүQ FzQ YDQJ YӑQJ 7KұP
FKt FKR G FiL JӑL Oj TXӕF KӝL 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ +zD QJj\ ÿy
Fy WKӯD QKұQ +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D Oj FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿL QӳD FNJQJ FKӍ
Oj Vӵ WKӯD QKұQ FӫD PӝW QKyP QJѭӡL FӫD PӝW ÿҧQJ ÿӝF WjL FDL WUӏ GkQ
WӝF EҵQJ QKj W VkQ EҳQ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR WLӃQJ QyL FӫD QKkQ
GkQ 9LӋW 1DP

.KDL TXұW ³F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´ ÿӇ WKӃ KӋ WUҿ 9LӋW 1DP WKҩ\
Eӝ PһW WKұW SKtD VDX FKLrX EjL ³JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF´ FӫD FiF WҫQJ OӟS
OmQK ÿҥR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ĈҧQJ LP OһQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu ÿҧQJ FKѭD
QJKƭ ÿӃQ EӕQ FiFK Jӥ UӕL QrX WUrQ Pj FKӍ Yu F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ
Oj ELӇX WѭӧQJ FKR ê WKӭF YRQJ EҧQ FӫD PӝW WKӃ KӋ OmQK ÿҥR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
ÿDQJ ÿѭӧF WKҫQ WѭӧQJ KyD WҥL 9LӋW 1DP ĈiP Pk\ ÿHQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿm
FKH NKXҩW OѭѫQJ WUL Yj QKkQ WtQK 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ FRQ QJѭӡL Kӑ *LӟL
OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ NK{QJ GiP F{QJ NKDL WX\rQ Eӕ Kӫ\ Eӓ F{QJ KjP EӣL Yu
OjP QKѭ WKӃ Oj WKӯD QKұQ Vӵ X Pr EҧQ FKҩW SKҧQ TXӕF SKҧQ GkQ WӝF
FӫD ÿҧQJ +ӑ NK{QJ ÿӫ FDQ ÿҧP ÿӇ QJX\ӅQ UD FKtQK PuQK Yj O\ NKDL

YӟL TXi NKӭ FӫD PuQK

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 317

.KDL TXұW ³F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´ ÿӇ QKӳQJ DL QJKƭ UҵQJ
JLӟL OmQK ÿҥR &691 ÿm QKұQ WKҩ\ KLӇP KӑD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj FKӑQ OӵD
ÿӭQJ YӅ SKtD /LrQ ;{ ÿӇ ÿѭD ÿҩW QѭӟF WLӃQ QKDQK KѫQ WUrQ ÿѭӡQJ F{QJ
QJKLӋS KyD FKѭD KҷQ Oj ÿ~QJ 7KHR *LiR 6ѭ ÿҥL KӑF +DUYDUG (]UD )
9RJHO WURQJ WiF SKҭP ĈһQJ 7LӇX %uQK Yj Vӵ ELӃQ ÿәL 7UXQJ +RD 'HQJ
;LDRSLQJ DQG WKH 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI &KLQD YLӋF ĈһQJ 7LӇX %uQK ÿiQK
9LӋW 1DP FKӍ Oj FKX\ӋQ EҩW ÿҳF Gƭ 6ӵ [iR WUӝQ FKtQK WUӏ QӝL Eӝ FӫD
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QJj\ QD\ &XӝF FKLӃQ ELrQ JLӟL QăP Oj PӝW WKҩW EҥL TXkQ Vӵ QKөF
QKm FKR ĈһQJ 7LӇX %uQK 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKH JLҩX WKҩW EҥL TXkQ Vӵ FKXD
FD\ Qj\ EҵQJ FiFK LP OһQJ Yj QJăQ FKһQ YLӋF SKә ELӃQ GѭӟL PӑL KuQK
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FKҷQJ WӕW OjQK KѫQ 0iX FӫD WKDQK QLrQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿә [XӕQJ ÿӇ EҧR YӋ
/ҥQJ 6ѫQ &DR %ҵQJ Y Y SKiW [XҩW Wӯ OzQJ \rX QѭӟF WURQJ ViQJ Yj
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QKӣ ÿӃQ PiX [ѭѫQJ ÿy QӳD 6DX FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK ELrQ JLӟL ĈһQJ 7LӇX
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&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӵ F{ OұS WURQJ FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ OҥF KұX WURQJ
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QJKqR ÿyL WұQ FQJ VXӕW WKұS QLrQ QăP

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CӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP OҥL OҫQ QӳD Wìm vӅ QѭѫQJ QiX GѭӟL FKLӃF EyQJ FӫD

318 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿjQ DQK 7UXQJ 4XӕF +ӝL QJKӏ Et PұW WҥL NKiFK VҥQ .LP 1JѭX 7KjQK
Ĉ{ WKӫ SKӫ WӍQK 7ӭ ;X\rQ WURQJ KDL QJj\ Yj WKiQJ QăP
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Yj SKtD 7UXQJ 4XӕF JӗP *LDQJ 7UҥFK 'kQ Yj /ê %ҵQJ WKӵF FKҩW Oj OӉ
FDP NӃW PӝW ORҥL ³F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´ NKiF &ӵX WKӭ WUѭӣQJ
1JRҥL JLDR 7UҫQ 4XDQJ &ѫ SKkQ WtFK PӝW FiFK FKL WLӃW FiF GLӉQ WLӃQ GүQ
WӟL Vӵ NLӋQ 7KjQK Ĉ{ WURQJ KӗL Nê FӫD {QJ WD .K{QJ DL QJRjL 3KҥP
9ăQ ĈӗQJ Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL Yj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /LQK ELӃW FKtQK [iF QӝL GXQJ KӝL
QJKӏ Et PұW 7KjQK Ĉ{ QKѭQJ TXD WKiL ÿӝ QKX QKѭӧF Yj SKҧQ ӭQJ \ӃX
KqQ FӫD JLӟL OmQK ÿҥR &691 WUѭӟF FiF KjQK ÿӝQJ FKLӃP ÿҧR EҳQ WjX
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EҳW Eӟ KjQJ ORҥW QJѭӡL 9LӋW JLyQJ OrQ WLӃQJ QyL EҩW EuQK FKR WKҩ\ QӝL
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WLӃW KѫQ Fҧ ³F{QJ KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´

7URQJ OӉ Nê NӃW WKӓD KLӋS FKLӅX QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL 1Kj
NKiFK &KtQK SKӫ ĈLӃX 1Jѭ ĈjL %ҳF .LQK *LDQJ 7UҥFK 'kQ NK{QJ
TXrQ QKҳF QKӣ ÿӃQ FiF FDP NӃW FNJ Yj [iF ÿӏQK SKѭѫQJ SKiS PӟL WURQJ
TXDQ KӋ 9LӋW 7UXQJ QKѭ FzQ JKL OҥL WURQJ 'LӉQ ĈjQ .LQK 7Ӄ 9LӋW 7UXQJ
³+RDQ QJKrQK FiF ÿӗQJ FKt 9LӋW 1DP VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF KӝL ÿjP YӟL
FK~QJ W{L &iF ÿӗQJ FKt Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKXӝF WKӃ KӋ OmQK ÿҥR OmR WKjQK
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WKjQK [k\ GӵQJ QrQ ´

7ҥL VDR OmQK ÿҥR 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKҩS QKұQ Vӵ TX\ SKөF FӫD OmQK ÿҥR
&691" %ӣL Yu Oj WKӃ KӋ FKӭQJ NLӃQ Vӵ WUDQK JLjQK TX\ӅQ OӵF JLӳD
FiF OӟS ÿjQ DQK *LDQJ 7UҥFK 'kQ ELӃW WKDP YӑQJ TX\ӅQ OӵF ÿm KzD
WURQJ PҥFK VӕQJ KѫL WKӣ PiX WKӏW FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /LQK Yj JLӟL OmQK ÿҥR &691 NK{QJ JLӕQJ QKѭ WKӡL
/LrQ ;{ FKѭD VөS ÿә OҫQ Qj\ ÿҧQJ &691 NK{QJ FzQ PӝW FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
WKRiW QjR NKiF QKѭQJ ED ÿLӇP VDX TXDQ WURQJ KѫQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj
KjQK ODQJ FKLӃQ OѭӧF WURQJ YQJ 1DP È YjR WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿӕL
WѭӧQJ FҥQK WUDQK FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF NK{QJ FzQ Oj 9LӋW 1DP Pj Oj 0ӻ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 319

ĈӭF 1KұW Yj PөF WLrX EjQK WUѭӟQJ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF FNJQJ NK{QJ
SKҧL FKӍ Oj +RjQJ 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D Pj Oj Fҧ YQJ 7KiL %uQK 'ѭѫQJ

ĈӑF KӗL Nê FӫD 7UҫQ 4XDQJ &ѫ ÿӇ WKҩ\ PһF G QKkQ ORҥL VҳS EѭӟF
YjR PӝW WKLrQ QLrQ Nӹ PӟL QKұQ WKӭF YӅ FKtQK WUӏ Yj EDQJ JLDR TXӕF WӃ
FӫD FiF OmQK ÿҥR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP YүQ FzQ QJk\ WKѫ ÿӃQ WӝL QJKLӋS
OjP VDR 1ăP NKL /LrQ ;{ Yj FiF QѭӟF &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Ĉ{QJ ÆX QKѭ
QKӳQJ FiQK EqR WDQ WiF QJRjL FӱD ELӇQ Pj FiF OmQK ÿҥR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW
1DP YүQ FzQ QJKƭ ÿӃQ YLӋF OLrQ NӃW YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKӕQJ ÿӃ TXӕF 0ӻ
³&iF ÿӗQJ FKt 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /LQK /r ĈӭF $QK ĈjR 'X\ 7QJ ĈӗQJ
6ƭ 1JX\rQ FzQ QKҩQ YjR kP PѭX FӫD ÿӃ TXӕF 0ӻ VDX FXӝF NKӫQJ
KRҧQJ FKtQK WUӏ ӣ Ĉ{QJ ÆX´ Yj ³9LӋW 1DP Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj KDL QѭӟF
[m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD FQJ FKӕQJ kP PѭX ÿӃ TXӕF [Ri Eӓ FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL
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&NJQJ YjR WKӡL ÿLӇP Qj\ ĈһQJ 7LӇX %uQK ÿm YLӃQJ WKăP Yj Nê FiF
WKӓD KLӋS NLQK WӃ FKtQK WUӏ YӟL FiF TXӕF JLD Wѭ EҧQ QKѭ 0ӻ
$QK FNJQJ QKѭ Pӣ UӝQJ KӧS WiF NLQK WӃ YӟL ĈӭF YӯD WKӕQJ QKҩW
Yj FӵX WK 1KұW %ҧQ QKѭQJ FiF OmQK ÿҥR &691 FzQ Pѫ PӝQJ 7UXQJ
4XӕF VӁ WKD\ PһW /LrQ ;{ JLѭѫQJ FDR QJӑQ Fӡ TXӕF WӃ Y{ VҧQ ĈһQJ
7LӇX %uQK NK{QJ Fy PһW WURQJ KӝL QJKӏ Et PұW 7KjQK Ĉ{ G SKtD 7UXQJ
4XӕF ÿm KӭD PӝW SKҫQ Yu \ FKѭD QJX{L FѫQ JLұQ FKLӃQ WUDQK ELrQ JLӟL
QKѭQJ SKҫQ NKiF FNJQJ Yu 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
/LQK NK{QJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ Oj ÿӕL WѭӧQJ WKҧR OXұQ WURQJ WҫP QKuQ FӫD \ YӅ
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7UXQJ 4XӕF /r ĈӭF $QK VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKiQJ *LrQJ QăP
Ĉӛ 0ѭӡL Yj 9} 9ăQ .LӋW VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKiQJ QăP Yj JҫQ
QKѭ KjQJ QăP FiF OmQK ÿҥR &691 OXkQ SKLrQ QKDX VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF
ÿӇ OұS OҥL OӡL KӭD SKөF WQJ

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QăP 4XӕF Yө YLӋQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WK{QJ TXD ³/XұW /mQK KҧL Yj
YQJ WLӃS JLiS´ TX\ ÿӏQK OmQK KҧL UӝQJ KҧL Oê iS GөQJ FKR Fҧ EӕQ
TXҫQ ÿҧR ӣ %LӇQ Ĉ{QJ WURQJ ÿy Fy TXҫQ ÿҧR 7k\ 6D +RjQJ 6D Yj
1DP 6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D %D WKiQJ VDX ÿy QJj\ WKiQJ QăP 7UXQJ
4XӕF Nê KӧS ÿӗQJ NKDL WKiF GҫX NKt YӟL F{QJ W\ QăQJ OѭӧQJ &UHVWRQH
FӫD 0ӻ FKR SKpS F{QJ W\ Qj\ WKăP Gz NKDL WKiF GҫX NKt WURQJ WKӅP OөF
ÿӏD FӫD 9LӋW 1DP QҵP ӣ SKtD 7k\ 1DP FӫD TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UѭӡQJ 6D 7UXQJ
4XӕF FNJQJ KӭD YӟL F{QJ W\ &UHVWRQ VӁ EҧR YӋ EҵQJ Y} OӵF QӃX 9LӋW

320 LONG ĐIỀN

1DP FDQ WKLӋS YjR F{QJ YLӋF FӫD Kӑ 1JRjL FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ NKDL WKiF
GҫX NKt WURQJ WKӅP OөF ÿӏD 9LӋW 1DP 7UXQJ 4XӕF FzQ QJDQJ QJѭӧF UD
OӏQK FҩP ÿiQK Fi WKjQK OұS FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ KjQK FKiQK FҩS KX\ӋQ WҥL +RjQJ
6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj FKR SKpS KҧL TXkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF EҳQ JLӃW QJѭ GkQ
9LӋW 1DP Y{ WӝL NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ PӝW OҫQ Pj UҩW QKLӅX OҫQ &iF OmQK ÿҥR
9LӋW 1DP OR FKR Vӵ VӕQJ FzQ FӫD ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿiS OҥL EҵQJ QKӳQJ
OӡL WKDQ YmQ JҫQ QKѭ JLӕQJ QKDX VDX QKӳQJ OҫQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF [kP SKҥP
FKӫ TX\ӅQ

7ҥL VDR 7UXQJ 4XӕF NK{QJ QJDQJ QJѭӧF YӟL 1KұW %ҧQ 3KLOLSSLQHV
0DOD\VLD %UXQHL QKӳQJ TXӕF JLD ÿDQJ WUDQK FKҩS FKӫ TX\ӅQ 7UѭӡQJ
6D" %ӣL Yu FiF TXӕF JLD ÿy WKұW Vӵ Fy FKӫ TX\ӅQ FKtQK WUӏ FKtQK SKӫ
WURQJ VҥFK ÿѭӧF EҫX OrQ PӝW FiFK KӧS SKiS Fy QKkQ GkQ KұX WKXҭQ Fy
TXӕF WӃ NtQK WUӑQJ Fy QKkQ ORҥL FҧP WuQK 0ӝW FKLӃF WjX ÿiQK Fi WUHR
TXӕF NǤ 1KұW TXӕF NǤ 3KL OjP KҧL TXkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF H Gq NLrQJ QӉ
WURQJ O~F WjX ÿiQK Fi WUHR Fӡ ÿӓ VDR YjQJ OҥL WUӣ WKjQK PөF WLrX WiF [ҥ
7KұW Yұ\ YӟL PӝW ErQ TX\ӃW WkP WUҧ WK FKR ³PӝW WUăP QăP VӍ QKөF´
EҵQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ EjQK WUѭӟQJ NKҳS WKӃ JLӟL Yj PӝW ErQ FKӍ PRQJ ÿѭӧF
WLӃS WөF ÿq ÿҫX FӣL Fӛ FKtQK ÿӗQJ EjR PuQK OmQK ÿҥR 7UXQJ 4XӕF UҩW
\rQ WkP Yu Kӑ ELӃW U} QJj\ QjR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ FzQ FDL WUӏ QKkQ GkQ 9LӋW
1DP QJj\ ÿy 7UXQJ 4XӕF FzQ FKL SKӕL ÿѭӧF9LӋW 1DP

1LFKRODV ' .ULVWRI Yj 6KHU\O :XGXQQ ÿӗQJ WiF JLҧ FӫD 7UXQJ +RD
WKӭF Gұ\ &KLQD :DNHV 7KH 6WUXJJOH IRU WKH 6RXO RI D 5LVLQJ 3RZHU
QKұQ [pW UҵQJ [XQJ ÿӝW Fy NKҧ QăQJ FDR QKҩW VӁ GүQ ÿӃQ FKLӃQ WUDQK WҥL
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FKtQK WUӏ FKLӃQ OѭӧF TXkQ Vӵ Yj Oj TXӕF JLD GX\ QKҩW WURQJ Vӕ FiF TXӕF
JLD WUDQK FKҩS ÿm WUӵF WLӃS K\ VLQK [ѭѫQJ PiX WUrQ KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ
6D 7UѭӡQJ 6D OmQK WKә 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF KҫX KӃW FiF QKj SKkQ WtFK QKұQ
[pW VӁ Oj ÿLӇP [XҩW SKiW FӫD PӝW FXӝF WjQ ViW FKѭD WӯQJ WKҩ\ ӣ È &KkX

ĈӇ ÿӕL SKy YӟL PӝW 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿҫ\ WKDP YӑQJ KҫX KӃW FiF TXӕF
JLD Fy TX\ӅQ OӧL WURQJ YQJ QKѭ 1DP 'ѭѫQJ 0m /DL 3KLOLSSLQHV ÿDQJ
OjP PӑL FiFK ÿӇ SKiW WULӇQ NLQK WӃ WăQJ FѭӡQJ NKҧ QăQJ TXӕF SKzQJ
KҫX QJăQ FKұQ EjQ FKkQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF &iF FKtQK WUӏ JLD EҧR WKӫ 1KұW
%ҧQ NrX JӑL VӱD ÿәL KLӃQ SKiS ÿӇ FKR SKpS QѭӟF 1KұW WiL WUDQJ Eӏ
6ӵ WKD\ ÿәL FKtQK ViFK FӫD 0LӃQ ĈLӋQ Fө WKӇ TXD YLӋF QJѭQJ F{QJ
WUuQK ÿұS GR 7UXQJ 4XӕF KұX WKXҭQ KӗL WKiQJ &KtQ QăP Yj Pӣ
UӝQJ KӧS WiF YӟL 0ӻ TXD FKX\ӃQ WKăP YLӃQJ FӫD 1JRҥL WUѭӣQJ +LOODU\
&OLQWRQ OҫQ ÿҫX WURQJ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ FKR WKҩ\ PӝW WұS ÿRjQ TXkQ SKLӋW Eӏ

WKӃ JLӟL OrQ iQ FNJQJ ÿm ELӃW ³EX{QJ GDR ÿӗ WӇ´ 1JD\ Fҧ %UXQHL PӝW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 321

TXӕF JLD Fy GkQ Vӕ YӓQ YҽQ QJjQ FNJQJ ÿDQJ KLӋQ ÿҥL KyD FiF SKL
ÿRjQ WUӵF WKăQJ FKLӃQ ÿҩX EҵQJ %ODFNKDZN *LӟL OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP FKӍ ELӃW QXӕW QKөF ÿӇ VӕQJ 1JRjL QKӳQJ OӡL WX\rQ Eӕ YӅ
FKӫ TX\ӅQ Oҩ\ OӋ Yj QKӳQJ WKD\ ÿәL TXӕF SKzQJ JLӟL KҥQ Kӑ NK{QJ OjP
Ju Fө WKӇ KѫQ ÿӇ ÿiS ӭQJ YӟL KLӇP KRҥ FKLӃQ WUDQK OӟQ QKҩW WURQJ OӏFK
Vӱ È &KkX VҳS [ҧ\ UD QJD\ WUrQ OmQK WKә 9LӋW 1DP

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QKj 7KDQK FKӍ WKҩ\ FKpS ÿӡL *LD 7ƭQK ± ĈăQJ 'XQJ QӝS
WUҧ QăP ÿӝQJ 7L 3K /D 3K &ә 6kP /LӉX &iW Yj .LP /һF Pj WK{L
FKӭ NK{QJ WKҩ\ QyL ÿӃQ ÿӝQJ $Q /ѭѫQJ /ҥL WUD FӭX ÿӃQ 4XҧQJ <rQ
ViFK WKu ÿӝQJ $Q /ѭѫQJ KLӋQ QD\ Oj SKӕ $Q /ѭѫQJ WKXӝF FKkX 9ҥQ
1LQK QѭӟF WD ´ 0ҥF ĈăQJ 'XQJ WURQJ KRjQ FҧQK KDL ÿҫX ÿӅX Fy ÿӏFK
EXӝF SKҧL WUҧ OҥL QăP ÿӝQJ YӕQ Oj ÿҩW FӫD 7UXQJ +RD FKӭ FKҷQJ GkQJ
KLӃQ SKҫQ ÿҩW QjR WKXӝF OmQK WKә 9LӋW 1DP Pj FzQ FӭX ÿѭӧF ÿҩW QѭӟF
NKӓL OkP YjR YzQJ OӋ WKXӝF QJRҥL EDQJ ' VDR WURQJ O~F ³F{QJ KjP
0ҥF ĈăQJ 'XQJ´ Fy WKӇ Fy Oê GR WUDQK OXұQ WӝL EiQ QѭӟF WURQJ ³F{QJ
KjP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ´ TXi KLӇQ QKLrQ U} UjQJ Yj FKtQK WiF JLҧ NKL FzQ
VӕQJ FNJQJ ÿm WKӯD QKұQ PuQK ÿm Nê

7UѭӟF ÿk\ Vӱ JLD /r 9ăQ +ѭX ÿm WKӕW OrQ FkX ÿӭW UXӝW WURQJ ĈҥL
9LӋW 6ӱ .ê 7RjQ 7Kѭ ³;LQ WUӡL Yu QѭӟF 9LӋW WD VӟP VLQK WKiQK QKkQ
Wӵ OjP ÿӃ QѭӟF QKj´ 1ӃX Vӱ JLD VӕQJ WURQJ WKӡL ÿҥL Qj\ KҷQ QJjL VӁ
ÿәL WKjQK ³;LQ WUӡL Yu QѭӟF 9LӋW WD VӟP ÿiQK WKӭF QKkQ GkQ ÿӇ Kӑ ELӃW
ÿӭQJ OrQ Wӵ OjP FKӫ QѭӟF QKj ´ %ӣL Yu OӏFK Vӱ ÿm FKӭQJ PLQK NK{QJ
DL Fy WKӇ FӭX ÿѭӧF GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP QJRjL FKtQK GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP 9y
QJӵD TXkQ 0{QJ &ә VҧL Wӯ È VDQJ ÆX FKLӃP JҫQ SKҫQ WUăP WUiL ÿҩW
ÿӕW FKi\ WKjQK WKDQ FiF WKӫ ÿ{ .LHY %XGDSHVW %DJKGDG %ҳF .LQK
YѭӧW TXD FiF V{QJ +RjQJ +j 9ROJD 'DQXEH QKѭQJ ÿm SKҧL GӯQJ OҥL
ErQ V{QJ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ 9LӋW 1DP .ҿ WK WKҳQJ QKLӅX WUұQ QKѭQJ GkQ WӝF
9LӋW 1DP OX{Q WKҳQJ WUұQ FXӕL FQJ Yj TX\ӃW ÿӏQK +ѫQ DL KӃW JLӟL OmQK
ÿҥR 7UXQJ 4XӕF SKҧL WKXӝF EjL KӑF ÿy

1Kѭ Nҿ YLӃW EjL Qj\ ÿm YLӃW WUѭӟF ÿk\ WURQJ WLӇX OXұQ ³$L JLӃW QJѭ
GkQ 7KDQK +yD"´ PӝW 9LӋW 1DP YăQ PLQK GkQ FKӫ YӟL PӝW QӅQ NLQK
WӃ FѭӡQJ WKӏQK PӝW KӋ WKӕQJ NKRD KӑF Nӻ WKXұW KLӋQ ÿҥL Oj SKѭѫQJ
WLӋQ KӳX KLӋX QKҩW ÿӇ QJăQ FKұQ NK{QJ QKӳQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Pj EҩW Fӭ
mӝW WKӃ OӵF [kP OăQJ Qào muӕQ WKiFK WKӭF ÿӃQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ Yà sӵ WRàn

322 LONG ĐIỀN

YҽQ OmQK WKә 9LӋW 1DP 1ӃX NK{QJ OjP ÿѭӧF WKӃ NK{QJ FKӍ +RjQJ 6D
7UѭӡQJ 6D Pj Fҧ GkQ WӝF OҥL VӁ FKuP ÿҳP WURQJ KӑD ÿӗQJ KyD FӫD WKӡL
ÿҥL PӟL 9j NKL ÿy ÿӯQJ ÿә WKӯD FKR 7UXQJ 4XӕF Pj FKtQK Vӵ NKLӃS
QKѭӧF ѭѫQ KqQ Pr PXӝL WURQJ PӛL FK~QJ WD ÿm JLӃW FKӃW FKtQK PuQK
Yj GkQ WӝF PuQK

‹ 7UҫQ 7UXQJ ĈҥR

Ҧ, 1$0 48$1 7521* /ӎ&+ 6Ӱ http://tieulun.hopto.org:25000/
index2_get.php?cat1=TacGia_SansAccents&cat2=TranGiaPhung

7UҫQ *LD 3KөQJ

7UѭӟF KӃW QKѭ WUrQ ÿm QyL QJD\ Wӯ WKӡL FKLӃQ WUDQK +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK Yj OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm OjP QJѫ FKR TXkQ
&+1'7+ WUjQ VDQJ ELrQ JLӟL 6DX ÿy WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ [kP OăQJ PLӅQ
1DP ÿӇ ÿѭӧF &+1'7+ YLӋQ WUӧ TXkQ Vӵ QrQ NKL &KX
ÆQ /DL &KRX (Q ODL F{QJ Eӕ UDQK JLӟL ELӇQ KҧL Oê Wӯ
Eӡ ELӇQ QJj\ WKu PѭӡL QJj\ VDX 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ WKӫ WѭӟQJ
%ҳF 9LӋW FӝQJ VҧQ ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ YӟL Vӵ ÿӗQJ ê FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj %ӝ
FKtQK WUӏ ÿҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ WLӅQ WKkQ FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 ÿm Nê TXӕF WKѭ
QJj\ QKuQ QKұQ UDQK JLӟL ELӇQ QyL WUrQ FӫD &+1'7+ QJKƭD Oj
JLiQ WLӃS F{QJ QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD &+1'7+ WUrQ KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ
6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D

1Kѭ WKӃ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yj ÿҧQJ &691 ÿm
FKtQK WKӭF GkQJ ÿҩW FKR &+1'7+ Pj Wә WLrQ ÿm Gj\ F{QJ [k\ GӵQJ Yj
EҧR YӋ

7KiQJ 1ăP 1Jj\ ĈҧQJ &691 .ê &{QJ +jP %iQ 1ѭӟF
7U̯Q 1DP

http://ai-thang-ai.blogspot.com/2008/09/phm-vn-ng-k-cng-hm-bn-
nc-nm-1958-vt-nh.html

7URQJ FXӝF JһS JLӳD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yj 3Ky
WKӫ WѭӟQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF /L ;LDQQLDQ KӗL WKiQJ WҥL %ҳF .LQK
/L QyL YӟL 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ UҵQJ ³7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D
WKXӝF FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj QKӳQJ ÿLӅX Qj\ Fy FKӭQJ Fӟ OӏFK
Vӱ ÿӇ [iF ÿӏQK´ ĈӗQJ WKӡL FNJQJ QyL WKrP ³WURQJ TXi NKӭ SKtD 9LӋW
1DP ÿm F{QJ QKұQ ÿLӅX Qj\´ PӝW FiFK iP FKӍ FKtQK Fi QKkQ 7Kӫ
WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ %HLMLQJ 5HYLHZ 0D\

7jL OLӋX NK{QJ QyL Uӓ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿm SKҧQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 323

EiF OҥL QKӳQJ OұS OXұQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKӃ QjR ÿӇ ErQK YӵF FKӫ TX\ӅQ
FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӕL YӟL TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D 7X\ QKLrQ Gѭ
OXұQ Fy WKӇ KLӇX Oj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Yj ÿtFK WKkQ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿm NK{QJ WKӇ FKӕQJ ÿӥ QәL OXұQ ÿLӋX Qj\ Yu Eӏ UѫL YjR
WKӃ ³Ki PLӋQJ PҳF TXDL´

7KHR %ӝ QJRҥL JLDR 7UXQJ 4XӕF WKu FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD Kӑ ÿӕL YӟL
7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D Oj NK{QJ WKӇ WUDQK FҧL %HLMLQJ 5HYLHZ )HE
9u FKtQK +j 1ӝL WURQJ FiF FXӝF ÿjP SKiQ WUѭӟF NLD ÿm FKtQK
WKӭF F{QJ QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR Qj\
UӗL Yu Yұ\ QӃX +j 1ӝL WKD\ ÿәL WKiL ÿӝ FӫD Kӑ WKu NK{QJ Fy Fѫ Vӣ 7UXQJ
4XӕF ÿm ÿѭD UD KDL Vӵ NLӋQ Fө WKӇ ÿӇ OjP EҵQJ FKӭQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ
9LӋW 1DP ÿm WӯQJ ÿӗQJ ê YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF YӅ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD KDL TXҫQ
ÿҧR ÿDQJ WUDQK FKҩS Qj\

6ӵ NLӋQ WKӭ QKҩW Oj YjR WKiQJ QăP 3Ky WKӫ WѭӟQJ 9LӋW 1DP
{QJ 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP WKD\ PһW %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP [iF QKұQ YӟL SKLi 7UXQJ
4XӕF QKѭ VDX ³7KHR FiF WjL OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ Wӯ SKtD FK~QJ W{L 9LӋW 1DP
ÿҧR ;LVKD +RjQJ 6D Yj 1DQVKD 7UѭӡQJ 6D WKXӝF YӅ YQJ ÿҩW OӏFK
Vӱ FӫD TXê TXӕF 7UXQJ 4XӕF ´

6ӵ NLӋQ WKӭ KDL Oj QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WӭF QăP VDX ÿy 7Kӫ
WѭӟQJ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP ÿm JӱL F{QJ KjP ÿӃQ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ &KX ÆQ /DL [iF
QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ 7UXQJ TXӕF ÿӕL YӟL TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D
VDX NKL 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKtQK WKӭF F{QJ Eӕ FKӫ TX\ӅQ OmQK KҧL FӫD Kӑ Oj
KҧL Oê EDR JӗP OX{Q FiF TXҫQ ÿҧR +RjQJ 6D ;LVKD Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D
1DQVKD FӫD 9LӋW 1DP

1ӝL GXQJ EӭF F{QJ KjP 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ
YLӃW QKѭ VDX ³&KtQK SKͯ Q˱ͣF 9L͏W 1DP 'kQ FKͯ &͡QJ +Rj JKL QK̵Q
Yj WiQ WKjQK E̫Q WX\rQ E͙ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP ´

1ăP QăP VDX NKL FKLӃQ WUDQK ELrQ JLӟL 9LӋW 7UXQJ EQJ
Qә 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ ÿm WuP FiFK SKӫ QKұQ F{QJ KjP WUrQ
NKL WUҧ OӡL FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ FӫD Wӡ EiR 9LӉQ Ĉ{QJ .LQK 7Ӄ ÐQJ ĈӗQJ
FKR UҵQJ Yu O~F ÿy ÿҩW QѭӟF Fy FKLӃQ WUDQK QrQ ĈҧQJ Yj 1Kj QѭӟF ÿm
SKҧL ӭQJ [ӱ QKѭ Yұ\ 1yL FiFK NKiF Yu TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 Yj
Yu QKӳQJ PѭX FҫX FKtQK WUӏ ÿҧQJ &691 VҷQ VjQJ QKѭӧQJ Eӝ YӅ QKLӅX
PһW NӇ Fҧ YLӋF EiQ ÿӭQJ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF

1ăP WҥL +ӝL QJKӏ ӣ 6DQ )UDQFLVVR NKL 1KұW Nê +LӋS ÿӏQK
KRj EuQK +LӋS ÿӏQK Qj\ ÿm NK{QJ ÿӅ FұS Uӓ UjQJ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD QѭӟF
QjR ÿӕL YӟL 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP 7Kӫ WXӟQJ

324 LONG ĐIỀN

7UҫQ 9ăQ +ӳX Fy PһW WURQJ +ӝL QJKӏ ÿm WX\rQ Eӕ F{QJ NKDL +RjQJ
6D Yj 7UѭӡQJ 6D WKXӝF FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
+ӳX NKҷQJ ÿӏQK WҥL +ӝL QJKӏ WURQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP QKѭ VDX
³7URQJ NKL FK~QJ WD FQJ NKDL GөQJ PӑL Fѫ KӝL ÿӇ OjP JLҧP ÿL QKӳQJ
FăQJ WKҷQJ SKLi 9LӋW 1DP FK~QJ W{L [LQ NKҷQJ ÿӏQK FKӫ TX\ӅQ ÿӕL YӟL
KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D Yu QKӳQJ TXҫQ ÿҧR Qj\ OX{Q WKXӝF
YӅ 9LӋW 1DP´

7URQJ Vӕ TXӕF JLD WKDP Gӵ ÿҥL ELӇX SKtD /LrQ %DQJ 6{ 9LӃW VDX
ÿy ÿӅ QJKӏ QrQ WKrP PӝW SKҫQ WURQJ EҧQ +LӋS ÿӏQK ÿӅ FұS UҵQJ 1KұW
ÿһW KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR Qj\ GѭӟL FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF ĈӅ QJKӏ ÿy ÿm Eӏ
+ӝL QJKӏ ELӇX TX\ӃW NK{QJ FKҩS WKXұQ YӟL WәQJ Vӕ SKLӃX WKXұQ 1yL
FiFK NKiF +ӝL QJKӏ YӟL ÿҥL ELӇX FӫD WURQJ WәQJ Vӕ TXӕF JLD WKDP
Gӵ O~F ÿy ÿm F{QJ QKұQ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR
7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D

&Kӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӕL YӟL KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ
6D Oj NK{QJ WKӇ SKӫ QKұQ 6ӵ NLӋQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿm NK{QJ SKҧQ EiF
WX\rQ Eӕ FӫD SKLi 9LӋW 1DP WUѭӟF F{QJ OXұQ WKӃ JLӟL VDX +ӝL QJKӏ
WҥL 6DQ )UDQFLVFR ÿm [iF QKұQ ÿLӅX Qj\ 7X\ QKLrQ ÿӃQ NKL
ĈҧQJ &691 ÿҥL GLӋQ Oj 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Yu TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD
ĈҧQJ ÿm Nê F{QJ KjP ³EiQ QѭӟF´ YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WKu
SKLi 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy Fӣ Vӣ ÿӇ FKtQK WKӭF SKҧQ EiF Yj QJDQJ QJѭӧF
ÿzL FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD Kӑ WUrQ KDL TXҫQ ÿҧR 7UѭӡQJ 6D Yj +RjQJ 6D
1ѭӟF FKҧ\ ÿi PzQ QKѭQJ ³1JjQ QăP ELD PLӋQJ YүQ FzQ WUѫ WUѫ´
9ӃW QKѫ YӅ OӛL OҫP QJRҥL JLDR WUѭӟF Gѭ OXұQ WKӃ JLӟL Fy WKӇ FKH ÿұ\
QKѭQJ YӃW QKѫ YӅ WӝL OӛL PDQJ WtQK OӏFK Vӱ WKu NK{QJ WKӇ [yD QKzD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_V%C4%83n_%
C4%90%E1%BB%93ng

Pham Van Dong

He was known as a politician who tried to maintain a neutral
position in the various conflicts within the party, particularly after
the unification of Vietnam in 1975. In a 1981 interview with Stanley
Karnow, 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ UHPDUNHG

“Yes, we defeated the United States. But now we are plagued by
problems. We do not have enough to eat. We are a poor, underdeveloped
nation. Vous savez, waging a war is simple, but running a country is
very difficult.”[1]

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 325

³3K̫L FK~QJ W{L FKL͇Q WK̷QJ Q˱ͣF 0Ϳ 1K˱QJ KL͏Q W̩L FK~QJ W{L
ÿDQJ Y˱ͣQJ P̷F QKͷQJ Y̭Q ÿ͉ QJKLrP WU͕QJ &K~QJ W{L NK{QJ ÿͯ
ăQ &K~QJ W{L Oj P͡W Q˱ͣF QJKqR Yj FK̵P WL͇Q 1K˱ DQK EL͇W WL͇Q KjQK
P͡W FX͡F FKL͇Q WKu G͋ GjQJ FzQ ÿL͉X KjQK P͡W ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF ṶW NKy NKăQ ´

http://www.x-cafevn.org/node/2392 QKj EiR 7UѭѫQJ 'X\ 1KҩW
ÿm ÿiQK JLi FKR Oj ³0ӝW 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ Pj VXӕW QăP WKұP FKt QăP
JLӳ TX\ӅQ NK{QJ [ӱ Oê Nӹ OXұW DL WKu SKҧL [HP OҥL FiL WKӵF TX\ӅQ FӫD
{QJ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ ÿy 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ NK{QJ WKӵF TX\ӅQ KRһF {QJ ÿm GQJ FiL
TX\ӅQ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ YjR YLӋF NKiF"´

&ӕ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Oj QJѭӡL QәL WLӃQJ YӟL QăP JLӳ
FKӭF Yө 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ &KtQK SKӫ QKLӅX QJѭӡL FKR UҵQJ Vӣ
Gƭ {QJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ QJӗL OkX Yj QJӗL GDL ӣ FiL JKӃ ÿy Oj GR {QJ ³Gƭ
KzD YL TXê´ NK{QJ SKH SKiL WXkQ WKӫ WX\ӋW ÿӕL QJKӏ TX\ӃW FӫD ÿҧQJ Yj
FҩS WUrQ FӫD {QJ

7URQJ FKӭF Yө WKӫ WѭӟQJ &691 G KLӇX Uӓ EҧQ FKҩW &ӝQJ VҧQ Oj
9LӋW *LDQ EiQ QѭӟF QKѭQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ YүQ PӝW OzQJ F~F FXQJ WұQ
Wө\ FKR FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL SKҧQ EӝL OҥL TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW 7Kҩ\
Uӓ FiF VDL OҫP FӫD ÿҧQJ QKѭQJ YүQ QJұP PLӋQJ ăQ WLӅQ DL FKӃW PһF DL

³ 7{L OjP 7Kͯ W˱ͣQJ K˯Q ED FKͭF QăP QK˱QJ QJD\ F̫ TX\͉Q E͝
QKL͏P P͡W WKjQK YLrQ FͯD &KtQK SKͯ W{L FNJQJ NK{QJ Fy WK͹F TX\͉Q´
ÐQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ FzQ WKҷQJ WKҳQ ³&K~QJ WD WK˱ͥQJ ÿ˱ͫF EiR FiR
U̹QJ FK̭W O˱ͫQJ W͝ FKͱF FͯD Ĉ̫QJ Yj ÿ̫QJ YLrQ Oj WURQJ V̩FK FKL͇P ÿ͇Q
1K˱QJ WK̵W V͹ ÿkX Fy Y̵\ ÿ̫QJ YLrQ P͡W SK̯Q NK{QJ QK͗ NK{QJ
Fy SḴP FK̭W FKtQK WU͓ W˱ W˱ͧQJ Yj WiF SKRQJ FͯD QJ˱ͥL F͡QJ V̫Q ´

7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Oj QJѭӡL WUӵF WLӃS FKӍ ÿҥR F{QJ WiF
QJKLrQ FӭX FҧL WLӃQ Fѫ FKӃ TXҧQ Oê FNJQJ ÿm WӯQJ QKұQ [pW PӝW FiFK U}
ràng: “/̭Q TX\͉Q GkQ P͡W FiFK QJKL͍P QKLrQ OjP WKD\ GkQ P͡W FiFK
NpP F͗L QX{L EDR GkQ P͡W FiFK NK͙Q NK͝ 7K͹F KL͏Q O͙L TX̫Q Oê ̭\ WKu
E̫Q WKkQ E͓ Wr OL͏W Yj Jk\ UD V͹ Wr OL͏W E̫Q WKkQ ăQ EiP Yj NKL͇Q FKR
QJ˱ͥL NKiF FNJQJ ăQ EiP ´

3KҥP YăQ ĈӗQJ JLҧL WKtFK YӅ FKX\ӋQ EiQ QѭӟF

http://saohomsaomai.wordpress.com/2011/1 0/22/
ph%E1%BA%A1m-van-d%E1%BB%93ng-gi%E1%BA%A3it
hich-v%E1%BB%81-chuy%E1%BB%87n-ban-
n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc/

Posted on 22.10.2011 by saohomsaomai

326 LONG ĐIỀN

3KҥP YăQ ĈӗQJ JLҧL WKtFK YӅ FKX\ӋQ EiQ QѭӟF

7KHR WҥS FKt .LQK 7Ӄ 9LӇQ Ĉ{QJ Vӕ UD QJj\ 7Kӫ
7ѭӟQJ 3KҥP YăQ ĈӗQJ ÿm WuP FiFK SKӫ QKұQ YLӋF EiQ QѭӟF FӫD
PuQK EҵQJ FiFK ÿә WKӯD FKR FKLӃQ WUDQK 7UrQ WUDQJ FӫD WҥS FKt
QyL WUrQ Fy ÿRҥQ QKѭ VDX

³ 'R Vӵ SKҩQ NKӣL PXӕQ WҥR UD PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ WKr WKҧP
FKR Fҧ KDL PLӅQ 1DP %ҳF Yj ÿӇ JyS SKҫQ YjR SKRQJ WUjR TXӕFWӃ
&ӝQJ 6jQ {QJ +ӗ FKt 0LQK ÿm KӭD Pj NK{QJ Fy Vӵ Wӵ WUӑQJ Oj
PӝW SKҫQ ÿҩW WѭѫQJ ODL VӁ ÿӇ FKR 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oҩ\ Pj ELӃW
NK{QJ FKҳF Ju Fy WKӇ QXӕW WUӑQ PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP KD\ NK{QJ
1Kѭ {QJ ĈӗQJ ÿm QyL ³/~F ÿy Oj WKӡL FKLӃQ WUDQK Yj W{L SKҧL QyL QKѭ
Yұ\ ´ 9ұ\ DL ÿm WҥR UD FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP Yj VҹQ VjQJ OjP PӑL Vӵ Fy
WKӇ OjP ÿѭӧF ÿӇ FKLӃP PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP QJD\ Fҧ YLӋF EiQ ÿҩW
%iQ ÿҩW WURQJ WKӡL FKLӃQ Yj NKL FKLӃQ WUDQK FKҩP GӭW 3KҥP YăQ ĈӗQJ OҥL
FKӕL Eӓ ÿLӅX ÿy EҵQJ FiFK EӏD ÿһW UD YLӋF ÿә WKӯD FKR FKLӃQ WUDQK ´

+ӗL Nê FӫD 9LӋW FӝQJ 7UѭѫQJ 1Kѭ 7ҧQJ
http://www.angelfire.com/zine2/risingsun/Politics/phan_
khang_11_TruongNhuTang_uni.html

3K̩P 9ăQ ç͛QJ WX\rQ E͙ YͣL SKyQJ YLrQ Q˱ͣF QJRjL ³&K̻QJ DL
O̩L Fy FiL ê QJKL QJX [X̱Q Yj W͡L O͟L Oj WK{Q WtQK PL͉Q 1DP´ 75

Ĉk\ Oj OӡL QyL GӕL KjR QKRiQJ Yj YăQ KRD QKҩW FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ
FQJ YӟL FiF ÿӗQJ FKt WUө FӝW WURQJ %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ &691 ÿӇ OӯD QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL FKѭD KLӇX Ju YӅ &ӝQJ VҧQ WKDP JLD 0һW 7UұQ *LҧL 3KyQJ 0LӅQ
1DP 1KӳQJ FRQ WKLrX WKkQ Wӯ QăP ÿm TXD QD\ WKӡL ÿLӇP
Fy WKrP QKӳQJ FRQ WKLrX WKkQ PӟL

FK~QJ WD Kҧ\ QJKH GjQ KӧS WҩX FӫD FK~QJ QKѭ VDX

³7URQJ QKL͉X QăP K͕ ÿm QJKH 9L͏W 1DP 'kQ &Kͯ &͡QJ +zD ORQJ
WU͕QJ WX\rQ E͙ FDP N͇W U̹QJ ³PL͉Q 1DP Oj P͡W WuQK KX͙QJ ÿ̿F EL͏W Yj
GX\ QK̭W ṶW NKiF PL͉Q %̷F´

7͝QJ Et WK˱ /r 'X̳Q ÿm QyL ³0L͉Q 1DP F̯Q Fy FKtQK ViFK ULrQJ
FͯD PL͉Q 1DP ´ 0͡W NḴX KL͏X K{ YDQJ ´ ;k\ G͹QJ [m K͡L FKͯ QJKƭD
ͧ PL͉Q %̷F 0ͧ U͡QJ FiFK P̩QJ GkQ W͡F GkQ FKͯ ͧ PL͉Q 1DP ´ 7Kͯ
W˱ͣQJ 3K̩P YăQ Ĉ͛QJ WKtFK WX\rQ E͙ YͣL QKͷQJ NKiFK Q˱ͣF QJRjL ÿ͇Q
WKăP {QJ U̹QJ ³&K̻QJ DL O̩L Fy FiL ê QJKL QJX [X̱Q Yj W͡L O͟L Oj WK{Q
WtQK PL͉Q 1DP´ WUDQJ

³/̵S WU˱ͥQJ FͯD ͮ\ EDQ WUXQJ ˱˯QJ ÿ̫QJ Y̳Q NK{QJ WKD\ ÿ͝L QK˱

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 327

OͥL WX\rQ E͙ FͯD 7{Q ĈͱF 7K̷QJ W̩L ÿ̩L K͡L ÿ̫QJ NǤ ,,, YjR WKiQJ QăP
³'R WuQK KuQK NKiF EL͏W JLͷD KDL PL͉Q 1DP %̷F PL͉Q 1DP F̯Q
SK̫L WK͹F WKL P͡W FK˱˯QJ WUuQK SK KͫS YͣL WuQK KuQK ULrQJ WURQJ NKL
Y̳Q KzD K͕S YͣL FK˱˯QJ WUuQK W͝QJ TXiW FͯD P̿W WU̵Q 7͝ 4X͙F 0L͉Q
1DP WL͇Q KjQK FiFK P̩QJ GkQ W͡F GkQ FKͯ QKkQ GkQ PL͉Q %̷F WL͇Q
KjQK FiFK P̩QJ [m K͡L FKͯ QJKƭD ´ 1KͷQJ WuQK F̫P ÿy Gƭ QKLrQ ÿm
ÿ˱ͫF QK̭Q P̩QK WKrP FKR QJ˱ͥL 7k\ SK˱˯QJ 3K̩P 9ăQ Ĉ͛QJ ÿm QyL
YͣL QKL͉X NKiFK Q˱ͣF QJRjL U̹QJ ³/jP VDR FK~QJ W{L O̩L Fy FiL ê QJKƭ
QJX [X̱Q Yj W͡L O͟L Oj WK{Q WuQK PL͉Q 1DP"´ /r ĈͱF 7K͕ WKu QyL YͣL EiR
FKt WK͇ JLͣL ³&K~QJ W{L NK{QJ PRQJ PX͙Q iS ÿ̿W FK͇ ÿ͡ F͡QJ V̫Q FKR
PL͉Q 1DP ´ 1K˱QJ F̫ ÿ˱ͥQJ O͙L Q͡L E͡ ÿm ÿ˱ͫF ORQJ WU͕QJ WX\rQ E͙
tlO̳ẫrQon QnKnͷgQhJvữ Eò̫nRng ÿg̫bPmả Fyấo SyKđ̯tảQh NmpáPnc ORgóQJsp WUa͕hQuầJ ÿcnmh Eki͓ YéếͱmnW YjtRlh oWKắnQngJg Uit.Fr” cọhiWU(RntQgrJa YđznQãgJ Pb2̭ị8\ vWK4ứi)QtJ vVDàX FoKL͇tQh WKù̷nQJg ´ rWUáDQcJ c h ỉ

7әQJ NӃW FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ WKjQK WtFK EiQ QѭӟF KҥL GkQ FӫD
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ

7UѭӟF YҩQ QҥQ TXӕF JLD OkP QJX\ &691 FDP WkP OjP WD\ VDL FKR
JLһF7jX WRjQ GkQ SKҧL ÿӭQJ OrQ ÿzL TX\ӅQ Wӵ FKӫ NK{QJ Fy DL JLҧL
TX\ӃW ÿѭӧF YLӋF FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP QJRҥL WUӯ WRjQ GkQ 91 ÿӭQJ
OrQ OұW ÿә EҥR TX\ӅQ &iF W{Q JLiR FiF ÿRjQ WKӇ [m KӝL FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL
SKҧL GҽS Wѭ OӧL GҽS WUDQK FҧL ÿһW TX\ӅQ OӧL Wә TXӕF OrQ WUrQ KӃW ÿӇ JLҧL
WKӇ FKӃ ÿӝ SKL QKkQ ÿӝF WjL EҩW [ӭQJ

http://www.vietnamexodus.org/vne/modules.php?name=News
&file=article&sid=1105 &KLӃQ OѭӧF WҩQ F{QJ WRjQ GLӋQ &691 %jL
EuQK OXұQ FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ

;pW YӅ WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ WUѭӟF 'kQ 7ӝF 9LӋW 1DP
WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL NǤ 76 WӝL OӛL FӫD ĈӗQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QKӓ .qP
WKHR QKLӋP Yө WKӫ WѭӟQJ NpR GjL QăP Wӯ QăP OjP Fӕ
YҩQ %&+ 7Ѭ WәQJ FӝQJ QăP KRҥW ÿӝQJ WURQJ ÿҧQJ &691 QKѭQJ
WӝL OӛL QәL EұW Yj OӟQ QKҩW FӫD 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ Oj YӯD EiQ QѭӟF YӯD KҥL
GkQ ' QJj\ QD\ EӑQ EӗL E~W 9LӋW *LDQ &691 Fӕ WuQK EjR FKӳD QKѭQJ
FKtQK Vӱ 9LӋW ÿm ÿӏQK WӝL FKtQK [iF YӅ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ .ҿ WӝL ÿӗ FӫD
GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP ÿӭQJ ÿҫX Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NӃ ÿӃQ Oj 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ

328 LONG ĐIỀN

3-Võ Nguyên Giáp:

Võ Nguyên Giáp 1979

7LӇX Vӱ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WKHR WjL OLӋX FӫD &691~:

9} 1JX\rQ *LiS VLQK ӣ OjQJ $Q ;i [m /ӝF 7Kӫ\ KX\ӋQ /Ӌ 7Kӫ\
WӍQK 4XҧQJ %uQK WURQJ PӝW JLD ÿuQK QKj QKR FRQ FӫD {QJ 9} 4XDQJ
Nghiêm (Võ Nguyên Thân). [3] 9} 4XDQJ 1JKLrP Oj PӝW QKR VLQK WKL
Fӱ EҩW WKjQK YӅ OjP KѭѫQJ Vѭ Yj WKҫ\ WKXӕF Ĉ{QJ \ NKL FXӝF NKiQJ
FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS EQJ Qә Eӏ 3KiS EҳW ÿѭD YӅ JLDP ӣ +XӃ
Yj PҩW WURQJ W

1ăP 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS UӡL WUѭӡQJ 7LӇX KӑF ĈӗQJ +ӟL ӣ TXr
QKj 4XҧQJ %uQK ÿӇ YjR +XӃ {Q WKL YjR WUѭӡQJ 4XӕF KӑF +XӃ {QJ ÿӛ
WKӭ KDL VDX 1JX\ӉQ 7K~F +jR +DL QăP VDX {QJ Eӏ ÿXәL KӑF FQJ YӟL
1JX\ӉQ &Kt 'LӇX 1JX\ӉQ .KRD 9ăQ WӭF +ҧL 7ULӅX 3KDQ %{L VDX NKL
Wә FKӭF PӝW FXӝF EmL NKyD ÐQJ YӅ TXr Yj ÿѭӧF 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 'LӇX JLӟL
WKLӋX WKDP JLD 7kQ 9LӋW &iFK PҥQJ ÿҧQJ PӝW ÿҧQJ WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ
WӝF QKѭQJ Fy PjX VҳF FӝQJ VҧQ WKjQK OұS QăP ӣ PLӅQ 7UXQJ 9LӋW
1DP 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 'LӇX FNJQJ JLӟL WKLӋX 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS YjR OjP YLӋF
ӣ +XӃ WҥL QKj [XҩW EҧQ 4XDQ KҧL WQJ WKѭ GR ĈjR 'X\ $QK ViQJ OұS Yj
ӣ EiR 7L͇QJ GkQ FӫD +XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ 7ҥL ÿk\ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS EҳW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 329

ÿҫX KӑF QJKӅ OjP EiR FKXҭQ Eӏ FKR JLDL ÿRҥQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ EiR FKt WURQJ
WKӡL 0һW WUұQ %uQK GkQ 3KiS

ĈҫX WKiQJ QăP WURQJ Vӵ NLӋQ ;{ 9LӃW 1JKӋ 7ƭQK 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS Eӏ EҳW Yj Eӏ JLDP ӣ 1Kj ODR 7KӯD SKӫ +XӃ FQJ YӟL
QJѭӡL \rX Oj 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 4XDQJ 7KiL HP WUDL Oj 9} 7KXҫQ 1KR Yj FiF
WKҫ\ JLiR ĈһQJ 7KDL 0DL /r 9LӃW /ѭӧQJ

&XӕL QăP QKӡ Vӵ FDQ WKLӋS FӫD +ӝL &ӭX WӃ ÿӓ FӫD 3KiS 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS ÿѭӧF WUҧ Wӵ GR QKѭQJ OҥL Eӏ &{QJ Vӭ 3KiS WҥL +XӃ QJăQ
FҩP NK{QJ FKR ӣ OҥL +XӃ ÐQJ UD +j 1ӝL KӑF WUѭӡQJ $OEHUW 6DUUDXW Yj
ÿӛ ÐQJ QKұQ EҵQJ Fӱ QKkQ OXұW QăP /LFHQFH HQ 'URLW 'R EұQ
UӝQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ &iFK PҥQJ YjR QăP {QJ Eӓ Gӣ KӑF WUuQK QăP WKӭ
Wѭ YӅ .LQK WӃ &KtQK WUӏ Yj NK{QJ Oҩ\ EҵQJ /XұW Vѭ[4]

1ăP {QJ Oҩ\ Ej 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 4XDQJ 7KiL EҥQ
KӑF WҥL 4XӕF KӑF +XӃ Yj Oj PӝW ÿӗQJ FKt FӫD {QJ Ej Oj HP UXӝW FӫD
1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 0LQK .KDL [5] 1ăP Ej 7KiL FKӃW WURQJ QKj QJөF +ӓD
/z +j 1ӝL

7ӯ ÿӃQ {QJ WKDP JLD SKRQJ WUjR 0һW WUұQ 'kQ FKӫ Ĉ{QJ

'ѭѫQJ Oj ViQJ OұS YLrQ FӫD PһW WUұQ Yj Oj &Kӫ WӏFK 8ӹ EDQ %iR FKt

%ҳF .Ǥ WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ ÿҥL KӝL ÐQJ WKDP JLD WKjQK OұS
Yj OjP EiR WLӃQJ 3KiS Notre voix 7LӃQJ QyL FӫD FK~QJ WD Le Travail
/DR ÿӝQJ ELrQ WұS FiF EiR 7LQ WͱF, Dân chúng.

7KiQJ QăP {QJ QKұQ Gҥ\ P{Q OӏFK
Vӱ WҥL WUѭӡQJ Wѭ WKөF 7KăQJ /RQJ +j 1ӝL GR
+RjQJ 0LQK *LiP OjP JLiP ÿӕF QKj WUѭӡQJ

[6]

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP Võ Nguyên Võ Nguyên Giáp và
*LiS YӟL Et GDQK Oj 'ѭѫQJ +RjL 1DP cùng +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ OrQ &DR %ҵQJ UӗL YѭӧW ELên
sang Trung QuӕF ÿӇ JһS +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÐQJ
JLD QKұS ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ WURQJ
QăP Qj\ Yj EҳW ÿҫX FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD Pình
trong ViӋW 1DP ĈӝF OұS ĈӗQJ PLQK KӝL PӝW
Wә FKӭF FKӕQJ SKiW [tW Yj ÿҩX WUDQK FKR ÿӝF
OұS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÐQJ WKDP JLD Jk\ GӵQJ Fѫ
sӣ FiFK PҥQJ Pӣ OӟS KXҩQ OX\ӋQ TXkQ Vӵ FKR
9LӋW 0LQK ӣ &DR %ҵQJ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WKHR FKӍ WKӏ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK {QJ

330 LONG ĐIỀN

WKjQK OұS ÿӝL 9LӋW 1DP 7X\rQ WUX\ӅQ *LҧL SKyQJ TXkQ WҥL FKLӃQ NKX
7UҫQ +ѭQJ ĈҥR YӟL QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF WUDQJ Eӏ V~QJ WKұS PӝW ORҥL V~QJ
QJҳQ V~QJ WUѭӡQJ V~QJ NtS Yj V~QJ Pi\ [1]

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP ÿӝL TXkQ Qj\ ÿm WLӃQ F{QJ WKҳQJ OӧL
KDL ÿӗQ 3KDL .KҳW Yj 1j 1JҫQ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF Eә VXQJ YjR %DQ FKҩS KjQK
7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ VDX ÿy Oj ӫ\ YLrQ 7KѭӡQJ Yө
7UXQJ ѭѫQJ WKDP JLD Ӫ\ EDQ .KӣL QJKƭD WRjQ TXӕF

6DX &iFK PҥQJ 7KiQJ 7iP 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP %ӝ
WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 1ӝL Yө Yj 3Ky %ӝ WUѭӣQJ QD\ JӑL Oj 7Kӭ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 4XӕF
SKzQJ WURQJ &KtQK SKӫ OkP WKӡL Wӯ QJj\ WKiQJ ÿӃQ KӃW QăP
Yj Oj 7әQJ FKӍ KX\ 4XkQ ÿӝL 4XӕF JLD Yj 'kQ TXkQ Wӵ YӋ

7URQJ &KtQK SKӫ /LrQ KLӋS {QJ Oj %ӝ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 4XӕF SKzQJ FKR
ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP Yj Wӯ WKiQJ QăP WUӣ ÿL

&NJQJ WURQJ QăP {QJ WөF KX\ӅQ YӟL Ej ĈһQJ %tFK +j FRQ JiL
JLiR Vѭ ĈһQJ 7KDL 0DL

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP &KLӃQ WUDQK Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ FKtQK WKӭF
EQJ Qә 'ѭӟL Vӵ FKӍ ÿҥR FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ {QJ EҳW
ÿҫX OmQK ÿҥR FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK YNJ WUDQJ NpR GjL QăP FKӕQJ OҥL Vӵ WUӣ OҥL
FӫD QJѭӡL 3KiS YӟL FѭѫQJ Yӏ 7әQJ FKӍ KX\ Yj 7әQJ &KtQK
ӫ\ Wӯ QăP ÿәL WrQ JӑL Oj 7әQJ Wѭ OӋQK TXkQ ÿӝL NLrP %t WKѭ 7әQJ
4XkQ Xӹ

ÐQJ ÿѭӧF SKRQJ KjP ĈҥL WѭӟQJ YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
WKHR VҳF OӋQK 6/ Nê QJj\ WKiQJ QăP 1ăP ҩ\ Yӏ ĈҥL
WѭӟQJ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD 4XkQ ĈӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋQ 1DP YӯD WUzQ WXәL
6DX Qj\ WUҧ OӡL PӝW SKyQJ YLrQ QѭӟF QJRjL YӅ YLӋF GӵD YjR ÿkX YjR
WLrX FKXҭQ QjR ÿӇ SKRQJ TXkQ KjP WѭӟQJ FKR PӝW O~F QKLӅX QJѭӡL QKѭ
Yұ\ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm WUҧ OӡL ³$L ÿiQK WKҳQJ ÿҥL Wi WKu SKRQJ
ÿҥL Wi DL ÿiQK WKҳQJ WKLӃX WѭӟQJ WKu SKRQJ WKLӃX WѭӟQJ DL ÿiQK WKҳQJ
WUXQJ WѭӟQJ WKu SKRQJ WUXQJ WѭӟQJ ÿiQK WKҳQJ ÿҥL WѭӟQJ WKu SKRQJ
ÿҥL WѭӟQJ´ [7] &QJ ÿӧW WKө SKRQJ Fy 1JX\ӉQ %uQK ÿѭӧF SKRQJ 7UXQJ
WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ 6ѫQ /r 7KLӃW +QJ &KX 9ăQ 7ҩQ +RjQJ 6kP +RjQJ
9ăQ 7KiL /r +LӃQ 0DL 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ 7UҫQ ĈҥL 1JKƭD 7UҫQ 7ӱ %uQK
ÿѭӧF SKRQJ 7KLӃX WѭӟQJ 7KiQJ QăP {QJ Oj ӫ\ YLrQ +ӝL ÿӗQJ
4XӕF SKzQJ 7ӕL FDR YӯD PӟL ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS

7ӯ WKiQJ QăP {QJ Oj PӝW WURQJ ӫ\ YLrQ %DQ 7KѭӡQJ Yө
7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj WUӣ WKành ӫ\ YLên Bӝ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 331

&KtQK WUӏ WKD\ WKӃ %DQ 7KѭӡQJ Yө 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW
1DP Wӯ QăP

ÐQJ Oj PӝW WѭӟQJ JLӓL iS GөQJ QJKӋ
thuұW Oҩ\ tW ÿӏFK QKLӅX Oҩ\ \ӃX FKӃ PҥQK
7ѭ WѭӣQJ TXkQ Vӵ QәL WLӃQJ Yj [X\rQ VXӕW
FӫD {QJ NӃ WKӯD Wѭ WѭӣQJ TXkQ Vӵ +ӗ &Kt
Minh, tinh hoa nghӋ WKXұW ÿiQK JLһF FӫD
Wә WLrQ KӑF KӓL WKDP NKҧR EҥQ Eq TXӕF WӃ
Yj ÿѭӧF ÿ~F U~W Wӯ NLQK QJKLӋP Fi QKkQ
Fy WrQ JӑL Oj ³&KLӃQ WUDQK 1KkQ GkQ´ ÿѭӧF OLrQ WөF FұS QKұW Yà hoàn
WKLӋQ WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL NǤ {QJ ÿҧP QKLӋP FѭѫQJ Yӏ FKӍ KX\ TXkQ Vӵ ÐQJ
WUӵF WLӃS YҥFK NӃ KRҥFK Yj FKӍ KX\ FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ÿiQK EҥL
TXkQ ÿӝL YLӉQ FKLQK 3KiS QăP

7ѭӟQJ *LiS EiR FiR NӃ KRҥFK WҩQ F{QJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ
&iF FKLӃQ GӏFK {QJ ÿm WKDP JLD YӟL Wѭ FiFK Oj 7ѭ OӋQK FKLӃQ GӏFK
%t WKѭ ĈҧQJ ӫ\ WURQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS
&KLӃQ GӏFK 9LӋW %ҳF WKX ÿ{QJ
&KLӃQ GӏFK %LrQ JLӟL WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK 7UXQJ 'X WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK ĈӗQJ %ҵQJ WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK Ĉ{QJ %ҳF WKiQJ "" QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK +zD %uQK WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK 7k\ %ҳF WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK 7KѭӧQJ /jR WKiQJ QăP
&KLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ WKiQJ QăP

7KҳQJ OӧL FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ PDQJ ÿұP YLӋF WҥR WKӃ
Wә FKӭF KұX FҫQ WKD\ ÿәL FKLӃQ WKXұW 6DX FKLӃQ GӏFK Qj\ +LӋS ÿӏQK
*HQqYH YӅ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF Nê NӃW ÿһW GҩX FKҩP KӃW FKR Vӵ Fy PһW
FӫD QJѭӡL 3KiS ӣ 9LӋW 1DP VDX KѫQ QăP

6DX ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ
7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WLӃS WөF JLӳ FѭѫQJ
Yӏ Ӫ\ YLrQ %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ %t WKѭ 4XkQ ӫ\ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ 7әQJ 7ѭ OӋQK
4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP %ӝ WUѭӣQJ 4XӕF SKzQJ ÐQJ FzQ Oj 3Ky

332 LONG ĐIỀN

WKӫ WѭӟQJ &KtQK SKӫ VDX Oj 3Ky &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ Wӯ QăP
ÿӃQ QăP

7URQJ QăP FӫD FXӝF &KLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP {QJ
WKӵF KLӋQ QKLӋP Yө [k\ GӵQJ Yj FKӍ KX\ 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP
ӣ FѭѫQJ Yӏ FKӍ KX\ FDR QKҩW FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL 1JD\ VDX NKL WKӕQJ QKҩW
ÿҩW QѭӟF GR X\ WtQ FӫD {QJ TXi FDR %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 91
ÿm QJKL QJӡ {QJ 3KѭѫQJ WLӋQ WUX\ӅQ WK{QJ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ WX\rQ
WUX\ӅQ QKҩQ PҥQK YDL WUz FӫD ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ Yj YLQ YjR Oê
GR VӭF NKRҿ ÿӇ OjP JLҧP YDL WUz FӫD {QJ 7X\ QKLrQ WURQJ QKLӅX WjL OLӋX
FKtQK WKӭF JҫQ ÿk\ FKR WKҩ\ {QJ WKӵF Vӵ ÿm ÿyQJ YDL WUz UҩW OӟQ WURQJ
WҩW Fҧ FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ TXkQ Vӵ VXӕW FXӝF FKLӃQ

&XӕQ KӗL ӭF PDQJ WrQ ³7әQJ +jQK GLQK WURQJ 0D [XkQ ĈҥL WKҳQJ´
GR {QJ [XҩW EҧQ OҫQ ÿҫX QăP ÿm NӇ OҥL QKӳQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD {QJ
YjR JLDL ÿRҥQ FXӕL FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK Wӯ QăP 1ăP
FKtQK {QJ ÿm Eӕ WUt OӵF OѭӧQJ ÿiQK WUҧ FiF FXӝF WұS NtFK ÿѭӡQJ NK{QJ
FӫD NK{QJ OӵF 0ӻ VXӕW QJj\ ÿrP 1ăP FKtQK {QJ ÿm WiQ
WKjQK ê NLӃQ ÿӅ [XҩW FӫD 7UXQJ WѭӟQJ +RjQJ 0LQK 7KҧR FKӑQ ÿӏD EjQ
1DP 7k\ 1JX\rQ OjP KѭӟQJ WҩQ F{QJ FKLӃQ OѭӧF Yj Fӱ ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9ăQ
7LӃQ 'NJQJ YjR QDP ÿӇ ÿiQK ÿzQ ³ÿLӇP KX\ӋW´ YjR KӋ WKӕQJ SKzQJ QJӵ
FӫD 91&+ &NJQJ FKtQK {QJ WKӯD Fѫ WKҳQJ WUұQ %X{Q 0D 7KXӝW UD OӋQK
FKR 7UXQJ WѭӟQJ /r 7UӑQJ 7ҩQ SKҧL JҩS U~W JLҧL SKyQJ Ĉj 1ҹQJ WURQJ
QJj\ &NJQJ FKtQK {QJ [LQ SKpS %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Yj TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Pӣ &KLӃQ
GӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Pj WURQJ ÿy 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ OjP 7ѭ OӋQK /r 7UӑQJ
7ҩQ /r ĈӭF $QK 7UҫQ 9ăQ 7Uj OjP 3Ky 7ѭ OӋQK FKӍ KX\ FiQK TXkQ
YӟL VӭF PҥQK FӫD Vѭ ÿRjQ ÿӗQJ ORҥW WLӃQ YjR JLҧL SKyQJ 6jL *zQ
0ӋQK OӋQK QәL WLӃQJ QKҩW FӫD {QJ FKӍ ÿҥR &KLӃQ GӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj
³7KҫQ WӕF WKҫQ WӕF KѫQ QӳD WiR EҥR WiR EҥR KѫQ QӳD [ӕF WӟL TX\ӃW
FKLӃQ TX\ӃW WKҳQJ JLҧL SKyQJ PLӅQ QDP WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF´

7URQJ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ QJҳQ Wӯ WKiQJ QăP ÿӃQ WKiQJ QăP
{QJ NLrP WKrP FKӭF Yө &Kӫ QKLӋP Ӫ\ EDQ .KRD KӑF 1Kj QѭӟF

1ăP {QJ WK{L JLӳ FKӭF %ӝ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 4XӕF SKzQJ QKѭQJ YүQ
WLӃS WөF Oj Ӫ\ YLrQ %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ ÿӃQ QăP Yj SKy 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ SKө
WUiFK .KRD KӑF .ӻ WKXұW 1JѭӡL WKD\ WKӃ {QJ ӣ %ӝ 4XӕF SKzQJ Oj ĈҥL
WѭӟQJ 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ 7әQJ 7KDP PѭX WUѭӣQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL PӝW WURQJ
QKӳQJ FӝQJ Vӵ OkX QăP QKҩW FӫD {QJ

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ SKkQ F{QJ NLrP WKrP
YDL WUz &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ EDQ TXӕF JLD GkQ Vӕ Yj VLQK ÿҿ Fy NӃ KRҥFK NKL Ӫ\

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 333

EDQ Qj\ ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS FQJ YӟL PӝW Vӕ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ FiF %ӝ Yj 7ә FKӭF
khác làm phó)[8].

1ăP {QJ WK{L FKӭF ӫ\ YLrQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ SKy 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ QJKӍ
KѭX ӣ WXәL

ÐQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF WһQJ WKѭӣQJ +XkQ FKѭѫQJ 6DR 9jQJ +XkQ
FKѭѫQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK +XkQ FKѭѫQJ 4XkQ F{QJ KҥQJ QKҩW +XkQ
FKѭѫQJ &KLӃQ WKҳQJ KҥQJ QKҩW

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS ÿm PӯQJ
VLQK QKұW WKѭӧQJ WKӑ OҫQ WKӭ ÐQJ Oj FKtQK NKiFK 9LӋW 1DP VӕQJ OkX
QKҩW WtQK FKR ÿӃQ WKӡL ÿLӇP Qj\ Fӕ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ PҩW
QăP WKӑ WXәL

7KӡL JLDQ JҫQ ÿk\ WX\ WXәL FDR VӭF \ӃX QKѭQJ {QJ YүQ TXDQ WkP
Yj ÿѭD UD PӝW Vӕ OӡL EuQK OXұQ WUrQ PһW EiR YӅ WuQK KuQK ÿҩW QѭӟF QKѭ
Fy EjL EiR \rX FҫX NLӇP ÿӏQK Yj EiR FiR ĈҥL KӝL ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ; YӅ
9ө 308 [9] KD\ FXӝF JһS Jӥ Yj NKX\ӃQ NKtFK GRDQK QKkQ OjP [XҩW
NKkX Q{QJ VҧQ[10] 9jR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ JӱL WKѭ WURQJ ÿy
Ej\ Wӓ Vӵ SKҧQ ÿӕL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ [k\ GӵQJ 1Kj 4XӕF KӝL ӣ NKX GL WtFK
+RjQJ 'LӋX[11] ÐQJ FNJQJ Fy EjL YLӃW WKӵF WUҥQJ Yj NLӃQ QJKӏ YҩQ ÿӅ
³Fѫ EҧQ Yj FҩS EiFK´ QKҵP WULӇQ NKDL Fy NӃW TXҧ F{QJ FXӝF ÿәL PӟL QӅQ
JLiR GөF Yj ÿjR WҥR FӫD 9LӋW 1DP KLӋQ QD\ [12]

ĈiQK JLi WKHR WjL OLӋX &691:
³7ѭӟQJ *LiS KRjQ WRjQ WұQ Wө\ YӟL QKkQ GkQ Yj ÿҩW QѭӟF ´

ÐQJ *LiS ÿm [k\ GӵQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QJѭӡL
YjR WKiQJ QăP WKjQK PӝW ÿӝL TXkQ YӟL KѫQ PӝW WULӋX QJѭӡL
QăP ÐQJ ÿm FKӍ KX\ TXkQ ÿӝL WӕW WURQJ Fҧ KDL FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK
FKӕQJ 3KiS Yj FKӕQJ 0ӻ 7rQ WXәL {QJ JҳQ OLӅQ YӟL FKLӃQ WKҳQJ ĈLӋQ
%LrQ 3Kӫ YӟL QӛL Kә WKҽQ FӫD 4XkQ OӵF +RD .Ǥ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP YӟL
KӑF WKX\ӃW ³&KLӃQ WUDQK 1KkQ GkQ´ YӟL WRjQ Eӝ FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK JLҧL
SKyQJ GkQ WӝF Yj WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF

9ӟL KѫQ QăP WKDP JLD KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKtQK WUӏ WURQJ ÿy Fy QăP
Oj 7әQJ Wѭ OӋQK 4XkQ ÿӝL {QJ Fy X\ WtQ OӟQ WURQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
1DP Yj WURQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP 7K{QJ WLQ FKtQK WKӕQJ
JҫQ ÿk\ FKR ELӃW ³7ҩW Fҧ FiF ê NLӃQ FӫD DQK 9ăQ ÿӅX ÿѭӧF %ӝ &KtQK
WUӏ WLӃS WKX Yj WiQ WKjQK WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL NǤ FKLӃQ WUDQK´ 7KѭӧQJ WѭӟQJ
7UҫQ 9ăQ 7Uj ÿm WӯQJ JӑL ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\ӉQ *LiS Oj Wѭ OӋQK FӫD Wѭ
OӋQK FKtQK Xӹ FӫD FKtQK Xӹ 7KѭӧQJ WѭӟQJ *LiR Vѭ +RjQJ 0LQK 7KҧR
NKL ÿѭӧF KӓL YӅ WUuQK ÿӝ ÿiQK WUұQ FӫD FiF WѭӟQJ OƭQK 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WUҧ

334 LONG ĐIỀN

OӡL ³*LӓL QKҩW ÿѭѫQJ QKLrQ Oj ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS UӗL ÿӃQ
ĈҥL WѭӟQJ /r 7UӑQJ 7ҩQ UӗL ÿӃQ 7KѭӧQJ WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX $Q ´
9ӟL TXkQ ÿӝL {QJ WKӵF Vӵ Oj WҩP JѭѫQJ ViQJ FKR FiF WKӃ KӋ WѭӟQJ OƭQK
YӅ ÿҥR ÿӭF Vӵ FKXҭQ PӵF WjL FҫP TXkQ QJKӋ WKXұW FKLӃQ ÿҩX FKLӃQ
WKҳQJ ÐQJ Oj KuQK ҧQK UӵF ViQJ Oj WѭӧQJ ÿjL VӯQJ VӳQJ WURQJ OzQJ
FiQ Eӝ FKLӃQ Vƭ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿjR KjR WURQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿm [ҿ GӑF 7UѭӡQJ 6ѫQ ÿjR ÿӏD ÿҥR &ӫ &KL ÿiQK 0ƭ 1ӃX
GkQ JLDQ Fy FkX ³1JѭӡL OtQK GNJQJ FҧP WURQJ WD\ QJѭӡL WѭӟQJ JLӓL´ WKu
NKL Fy {QJ Oj 7әQJ 7ѭ OӋQK 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
OtQK FӫD ÿҥR TXkQ Qj\ YӕQ [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ Q{QJ GkQ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK QKӳQJ
FKLӃQ Vƭ NLrQ FѭӡQJ QKҩW EҩW NKXҩW QKҩW Yj EiFK FKLӃQ EiFK WKҳQJ
1KLӅX Wӡ EiR FӫD ĈҧQJ FӫD 4XkQ ÿӝL FNJQJ QKѭ FӫD F{QJ FK~QJ Yj FiF
NrQK WUX\ӅQ KuQK WURQJ QKLӅX QăP QD\ ÿm OX{Q QKҳF ÿӃQ {QJ QKѭ Oj PӝW
WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ NLӋW VXҩW FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW

7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ JҫQ ÿk\ WҥL FiF OӉ KӝL PtW WLQK JLҧL WKL ÿҩX WKӇ WKDR
OӟQ QKӓ WURQJ QKj QJRjL WUӡL QKLӅX QDP Qӳ WKDQK QLrQ ÿm PDQJ ҧQK
FKkQ GXQJ FӫD ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS UD Yү\ Fә ÿӝQJ ĈLӅX Qj\
FKR WKҩ\ {QJ NK{QJ FKӍ Oj WKҫQ WѭӧQJ FӫD WKӃ KӋ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ
JLһF QJRҥL [kP WUѭӟF ÿk\ Pj FzQ Oj KuQK ҧQK OүP OLӋW WURQJ OzQJ JLӟL
WUҿ WKDQK QLrQ WUt WKӭF QJj\ K{P QD\ 7KӃ KӋ WUҿ QKuQ QKұQ OӏFK Vӱ Yj
QJѭӥQJ Pӝ {QJ PӝW FiFK Wӵ QJX\ӋQ Yj FKkQ WKjQK QKҩW

'DQK WLӃQJ FӫD {QJ NK{QJ FKӍ Ey KҽS ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Pj EҥQ Eq QăP
FKkX EӕQ ELӇQ NKL QKҳF ÿӃQ WrQ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS ÿӅX Ej\ Wӓ Vӵ QJѭӥQJ
Pӝ VkX VҳF FiF GkQ WӝF FKkX 3KL Yj 0ӻ /D WLQK WLQ UҵQJ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ
ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ GR {QJ FKӍ KX\ Oj NKӣL QJXӗQ FKR QӅQ ÿӝF OұS K{P QD\
FӫD Kӑ

1ӃX QKѭ WLrX FKt FKӑQ WѭӟQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK Oj ³ĈiQK WKҳQJ ĈҥL
WѭӟQJ ÿѭӧF SKRQJ ĈҥL WѭӟQJ´ WKu VXӕW FXӝF ÿӡL PuQK ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9}
1JX\rQ *LiS ÿm OҫQ OѭӧW ÿӑ VӭF Yj ÿiQK WKҳQJ ÿҥL WѭӟQJ FӫD 3KiS
Yj 0ӻ 3KiS Yj 0Ϳ FKѭD NӇ ÿӃQ QKLӅX YLrQ ÿҥL WѭӟQJ FӫD FKtQK
TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ KRj &iF WѭӟQJ OƭQK 0ӻ NKL QKҳF ÿӃQ {QJ YүQ
WKѭӡQJ JӑL {QJ Oj ³ĈҥL WѭӟQJ VDR´ :HVWPRUHODQG JӑL {QJ Oj ³7ѭӟQJ
KX\ӅQ WKRҥL´ /HJHQGDU\ *LDS 7URQJ %iFK .KRD 7RjQ 7Kѭ FӫD 0ӻ
Yj FӫD QKLӅX QѭӟF WrQ Yj KuQK ҧQK FӫD {QJ ÿѭӧF JKL OҥL QKѭ Oj PӝW
WURQJ QKӳQJ Yƭ QKkQ TXkQ Vӵ KLӇQ KiFK QKҩW

.ӹ QLӋP QăP QJj\ SKiW KjQK Vӕ ÿҫX WLrQ 7KӡL EiR FKkX È Time
Asia ÿm UD Vӕ ÿһF ELӋW JLӟL WKLӋX FiF ³$QK KQJ FKkX È´ JӗP FiF QKkQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 335

YұW OjP WKD\ ÿәL FөF GLӋQ FKkX OөF WURQJ QKӳQJ WKұS Nӹ JҫQ ÿk\ 1KӳQJ
QKkQ YұW ÿѭӧF JLӟL WKLӋX JӗP 0DKDWPD *DQGKL -DZDKDUODO 1HKUX ĈҥL
WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WKLӅQ Vѭ 7KtFK 1KҩW +ҥQK [13]

ĈiQK JLi 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL NK{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ

htp://motgocpho.com/forums/showthread.php?t=13261 Võ

1JX\rQ *LiS ³7KLrQ WjL NKӕQ QҥQ FӫD TXr KѭѫQJ´

%iF Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ /ѭѫQJ 7X\ӅQ

%iF Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ /ѭѫQJ 7X\ӅQ Oj JLiR Vѭ YӅ NKRD *LҧL SKүX 7LӇX 1KL
WҥL ÿҥL KӑF 0F*LOO 0RQWUHDO &DQDGD 7X\ Oj P{W FKX\rQ JLD EұQ UӝQ
QKѭQJ {QJ Oj PӝW WURQJ Vӕ QKӳQJ tW EiF Vƭ TXDQ WkP Yj YLӃW ÿӃQ QKӳQJ
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1Kj YăQ TXkQ ÿӝL QәL WLӃQJ 3KDQ 1KұW 1DP ÿm JӑL 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS
Oj PӝW WKLrQ WjL NKӕQ QҥQ FӫD TXr KѭѫQJ 7{L FKLD Vҿ ê NLӃQ FӫD {QJ QKѭQJ
FKӍ FKLD Vҿ PӝW QӱD WK{L 9kQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WKӵF TXҧ Oj PӝW WrQ NKӕQ
NLӃS ÿm ÿҭ\ KjQJ WULӋX WKDQK QLrQ ÿҩW 9LӋW YjR FKӛ FKӃW Wӯ QăP WӟL
QăP ÿӇ WKӵF KLӋQ FKR ÿѭӧF YLӋF iS ÿһW FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ VҳW
PiX WUrQ WRjQ TXr KѭѫQJ 1KѭQJ < Fy Oj PӝW WKLrQ WjL KD\ NK{QJ G Oj
PӝW WKLrQ WjL NKӕQ QҥQ FӫD TXr KѭѫQJ WKu FҫQ SKҧL [pW OҥL 6DX Pҩ\ FKөF
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/Ӌ 7Kӫ\ WӍQK 4XҧQJ %uQK &KD < Oj 9} 4XDQJ 1JKLrP PӝW KѭѫQJ Vѭ
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3KiS EҳW ÿѭD YӅ JLDP ӣ +XӃ UӗL FKӃW WURQJ W 0ҽ *LiS Oj %j 1JX\ӉQ
7Kӏ .LrQ

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4XDQJ 1JKLrP 1ăP WXәL *LiS YjR +XӃ KӑF WUѭӡQJ 4XӕF
+ӑF +DL QăP VDX Eӏ ÿXәL KӑF *LiS YӅ TXr WKDP JLD 7kQ 9LӋW &iFK
PӋQK ĈҧQJ ± PӝW ÿҧQJ Fy PҫX VҳF &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS QăP
ӣ PLӅQ 7UXQJ

ĈҫX WKiQJ QăP *LiS Eӏ EҳW JLDP WҥL QKj ODR
7KӯD 3K~ +XӃ 1ăP *LiS ÿѭӧF WKҧ UD NKӓL QKj W
UD +j 1ӝL KӑF WҥL WUѭӡQJ $OEHUW 6DUUDXW FKR WӟL NKL ÿӛ 7~ WjL
1ăP *LiS WӕW QJKLӋS WUѭӡQJ /XұW WҥL +j 1ӝL

1ăP *LiS NӃW K{Q FQJ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 4XDQJ 7KiL PӝW ÿӗQJ
chí cӫD {QJ %à Thái có vӟL *LiS PӝW QJѭӡL FRQ JiL 9õ Thӏ +ӗQJ $QK
336 LONG ĐIỀN

1ăP %j 7KiL Eӏ 3KiS EҳW JLDP ӣ QKj W +ӓD /z ӣ +j 1ӝL %j
FKӃW WURQJ W

7KiQJ QăP *LiS EҳW ÿҫX Gҥ\ P{Q 6ӱ WҥL WUѭӡQJ Wѭ WKөF
7KăQJ /RQJ WҥL +j 1ӝL 7KHR OӡL WKXұW FӫD PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL *LiS Oj PӝW
JLiR Vѭ 6ӱ JLӓL Yj KQJ ELӋQ

7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP *LiS WKDP JLD SKRQJ WUjR 0һW WUұQ
'kQ &Kӫ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS YjR Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
ÿҧQJ YjR QăP EҳW ÿҫX FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ GѭӟL Vӵ FKӍ ÿҥR FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK *LiS WKDP JLD Jk\ GӵQJ Fѫ Vӣ Yj KXҩQ OX\ӋQ TXkQ Vӵ ӣ &DR %ҵQJ
G *LiS FKѭD WӯQJ ÿѭӧF KXҩQ OX\ӋQ YӅ TXkQ Vӵ 7URQJ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Fy OӁ FKӍ Fy 3KQJ &Kt .LrQ ÿѭӧF WKHR KӑF PӝW WKӡL JLDQ
WҥL WUѭӡQJ 9} Eӏ +RjQJ 3Kӕ ӣ 7UXQJ +RD

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WKHR Vӵ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
*LiS WKjQK OұS ÿӝL 9LӋW 1DP 7X\rQ WUX\ӅQ *LҧL SKyQJ TXkQ YӟL
QJѭӡL 7KHR WjL OLӋX FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿy Oj NKӣL WKӫ\ FӫD
ÿҥR TXkQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 0LQK VDX Qj\

7KiQJ QăP
*LiS ÿѭӧF EҫX YjR
%DQ &KҩS KjQK 7UXQJ
ѬѫQJ ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

7KiQJ QăP
*LiS ÿѭӧF +ӗ
Chí Minh phong quân
KjP ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &QJ
ÿѭӧF SKRQJ 7ѭӟQJ Fy
PӝW Vӕ WrQ QKѭ 9ăQ
7LӃQ 'NJQJ 9ѭѫQJ 7UrQ 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ +RjQJ 9ăQ 7KiL
ThӯD 9NJ 1JX\ӉQ NgX\ӉQ 4XDQJ 7KXұQ +RjQJ ĈăQJ
&Kt 7KDQK ĈLQK ĈӭF 0LQK 1KұQ %ҥFK 1JӑF *LiS 6iQJ
7KLӋQ /r 7UӑQJ 7ҩQ 'ѭӟL /r /LrP *LiS +ӗ 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK ĈһQJ
7UҫQ ĈăQJ 1LQK 9LӋW

Ngày 19 tháng 12
QăP FKLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 3KiS EQJ Qә NpR GjL FKR WӟL QăP Yj
FKҩP GӭW ӣ WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ

7ӯ QăP FKR ÿӃQ QăP QăP *LiS QJKӍ KѭX KӃW FzQ Oj ӫ\
9LrQ 7UXQJ ѬѫQJ ĈҧQJ *LiS ÿm JLӳ QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө QKѭ VDX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 337

Ӫ\ 9LrQ %ӝ &KiQK WUӏ

%ӝ 7UѭӣQJ %ӝ 4XӕF
Phòng

7әQJ 7ѭ OӋQK 4XkQ ĈӝL

3Ky 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ

&Kӫ 1KLӋP Ӫ\ %DQ .KRD
KӑF QKj QѭӟF

1ăP &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\
%DQ VDQK ÿҿ Fy NӃ KRҥFK

&KӭF Yө %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ %ӝ
4XӕF 3KzQJ NLrP 7әQJ 7ѭ
lӋQJ 4XkQ ÿӝ Oà nhӳQJ FKӭF
Yө *LiS ӣ OkX QKҩW Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP

&KӭF Yө FRL YӅ VDQK ÿҿ QăP Oj P{W KuQK WKӭF Kҥ QKөF *LiS
GR ÿiP /r 'XҭQ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ĈӇ QyL YӅ YLӋF Kҥ QKөF Qj\
WURQJ GkQ JLDQ Fy WUX\ӅQ WөQJ KDL FkX WKѫ GLӉX FӧW ÿѭӧP ÿҫ\ PӍD PDL

1Jj\ [˱D Ĉ̩L W˱ͣQJ F̯P TXkQ
1Jj\ QD\ Ĉ̩L W˱ͣQJ F̯P TX̯Q FK͓ HP

6DX WUұQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ QăP Vӵ KLӋQ GLӋQ FӫD QJѭӡL 3KiS FiR
FKXQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS QәL WLӃQJ QKѭ FӗQ 6DX FiL JӑL Oj ĈҥL WKҳQJ
PD [XkQ QăP ± PӝW PD\ PҳQ EҩW QJӡ FKR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW
1DP PӝW EҩW KҥQK FKR GkQ WӝF 9LӋW FKLӃP ÿѭӧF PLӅQ 1DP ± WUѭӟF
PҳW QJѭӡL QJRҥL TXӕF P WӏW YӅ Fѫ FҩX Wә FKӭF FӫD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW
1DP 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WUӣ WKjQK PӝW KX\ӅQ WKRҥL

0ӝW Vӕ ViFK YLӃW YӅ *LiS QKѭ

*HQHUDO *LiS 3ROLWLFLDQ DQG 6WUDWHJLVW FӫD 5REHUW M 2¶1HLO
(Australia)

*LiS WKH 9LFWRU LQ 9LHWQDP FӫD 7KLӃX WѭӟQJ KӗL KѭX 3HWHU
0F'RQDOG ,Q QăP %ULWLVK

&iF EjL YLӃW UҧL UiF FӫD 'RXJODV 3LNH WKXӝF 8QLYHUVLW\ RI &DOLIRUQLD
Berkeley (USA)

;LQ Pӣ PӝW GҩX QJRһF ӣ ÿk\ YӅ FiF ViFK YLӃW YӅ FiF OmQK Wө &{QJ
6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP FNJQJ QKѭ FiF OmQK Wө FӫD FiF QѭӟF &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NKiF WUrQ
WKӃ JLӟL 7iF JLҧ SKҧL ÿѭӧF Vӵ FKҩS QKұQ FӫD %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ Yj FKӍ ÿѭӧF
YLӃW QKӳQJ Ju Pj Fѫ TXDQ TX\ӅQ OӵF WӕL FDR FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿѭD UD Pj

338 LONG ĐIỀN

WK{L *LiS ÿѭӧF FiF WiF JLҧ FD WөQJ QKѭ PӝW WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ PӝW
FKLӃQ OѭӧF JLD WjL WuQK FӫD WKӃ JLӟL JHQLXV VWUDWHJLVW JHQLXVJHQHUDO RI
the world).

7ӯ Pҩ\ QăP JҫQ ÿk\ FiF WjL OLӋX PұW YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP
Yj ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW NKLӃQ WD WKҩ\ UҵQJ ³WKLrQ WjL
9} 1JX\rQ *LiS´ ÿm ÿѭӧF FiF ÿӗQJ FKt QһQ UD QKѭ FiF ÿӗQJ FKt ÿm QһQ
UD DQK KQJ /r 9ăQ 7iP FK~ .LP ĈӗQJ WURQJ VXӕW FKLӅX GjL FӫD
FXӝF FKLӃQ [kP QKұS FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ PDQ Uӧ OrQ TXr KѭѫQJ
Pj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP FKӍ Oj PӝW ONJ WKӯD VDL

%ҧQ FKҩW FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP NӇ
Wӯ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WUӣ [XӕQJ Oj JLDQ KQJ GӕL WUi WKkP ÿӝF Yj WjQ EҥR
*LiS Fy ÿҫ\ ÿӫ FiF ³ÿӭF WtQK´ ÿy

1ăP +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Nê KzD ѭӟF YӟL 3KiS ÿӇ TXkQ 3KiS WUӣ OҥL
9LӋW 1DP &iF OmQK Wө &{QJ 6ҧQ WURQJ ÿy Fy *LiS ÿm WKҷQJ WD\ WLrX
GLӋW FiF QJѭӡL TXӕF JLD 7DNLQJ DGYDQWDJH RI WKH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ ZLWK
the French, the Communist Party proceded to liquidate its opposition...
Many were bound hand and foot and thrown to a river. Some were
buried alive ( Losers are Pirates by James Banerian1984, p.69)

1ăP NKL FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW ± 3KiS VҳS [ҭ\ UD *LiS Oj %ӝ
7UѭӣQJ 4XӕF SKzQJ WURQJ &KiQK SKӫ OLrQ KLӋS 7ҥL +j 1ӝL WURQJ NKL
TXkQ 3KiS Yj 7ӵ 9Ӌ 7KjQK ÿDQJ JҫP JKq QKDX *LiS Yj ÿӗQJ EӑQ KӭD
KҽQ Oj TXkQ FKiQK TXL FӫD Kӑ WӭF FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ 9Ӌ 4XӕF ĈRjQ WLQK QKXӋ
ÿm NpR YӅ ÿyQJ FKXQJ TXDQK +j 1ӝL VҹQ VjQJ OjP Fӓ TXkQ 3KiS 1Jj\
WKiQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK EQJ Qә WҥL +j 1ӝL 1KyP OmQK ÿҥR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
ÿm U~W YӅ +j Ĉ{QJ Wӯ Pҩ\ QJj\ WUѭӟF 9Ӌ 4XӕF ĈRjQ ÿkX FKҷQJ WKҩ\
FKӍ WKҩ\ FiF 7ӵ 9Ӌ 7KjQK ÿiQK YL YӟL TXkQ 3KiS WURQJ FiF ÿѭӡQJ SKӕ
+j 1ӝL +ӑ ÿm FҫP Fӵ YӟL TXkQ 3KiS WURQJ JҫQ WKiQJ WKӡL JLDQ ÿӫ
ÿӇ GkQ FK~QJ UӡL WKjQK SKӕ OiQK QҥQ ÿӫ ÿӇ ÿiP &ӝQJ 6ҧQ U~W YjR FiF
DQ WRjQ NKX 9LӋW %ҳF *LiS Yj ÿӗQJ EӑQ PXӕQ PѭӧQ WD\ TXkQ 3KiS
ÿӇ WKӫ WLrX FiF WKDQK QLrQ +j 1ӝL 4Xҧ WKӵF 7ӵ 9Ӌ 7KjQK Oj QKӳQJ
WKDQK QLrQ WLӇX Wѭ VҧQ SKҫQ OӟQ [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ FiF JLD ÿuQK NKi JLҧ ĈiP
WLӇX Wѭ VҧQ Qj\ Oj QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ NK{QJ Fy FKӛ ÿӭQJ WURQJ FKӃ ÿӝ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ &jQJ OӧL FKR YLӋF WKLӃW OұS FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP
QӃX Kӑ Eӏ 3KiS WLrX GLӋW EӟW ÿL FjQJ QKLӅX FjQJ WӕW FKR FKӫ QJKƭD 0DF
;tW /pQLQLVW GӉ SKiW WULӇQ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP

*LiS ÿm YLӃW ViFK YӅ FKLӃQ WUDQK QKkQ GkQ TXkQ ÿӝL QKkQ GkQ ÿѭӧF
GӏFK UD WLӃQJ 3KiS *XHUUH GX SHXSOH O¶$UPpH GX SHXSOH Wӵ FKR UҵQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 339

PuQK Yj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj QJXӗQ JӕF FӫD TXDQ QLӋP FKLӃQ
OѭӧF FKLӃQ WKXұW Qj\

6ӵ WKӵF TXDQ QLӋP YӅ FKLӃQ WUDQK QKkQ GkQ ÿm ÿѭӧF 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ
&DQK PӝW WURQJ QJNJ Kә WѭӟQJ FӫD 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ GX QKұS YjR 9LӋW
1DP NӇ Wӯ WUұQ FKLӃQ ELrQ JLӟL &DR %ҵQJ /ҥQJ 6ѫQ QăP

*LiS WKӵF Vӵ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FKD ÿҿ FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW
1DP WX\ UҵQJ FXӕL QăP WKHR OӋQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK *LiS WKjQK OұS
ÿRjQ 9} 7UDQJ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ JӗP WKjQK YLrQ YӟL WUDQJ Eӏ UҩW WK{ Vѫ
4XkQ ÿӝL 7UXQJ &ӝQJ PӟL WKӵF Vӵ Oj FKD ÿҿ FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL QKkQ GkQ FӫD
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP

7KiQJ QăP 7UXQJ ĈRjQ TXkQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 7UXQJ +RD WUjQ
TXD ELrQ JLӟL YjR 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ WUiQK Eӏ FiF /ӝ 4XkQ FӫD 7ѭӣQJ
*LӟL 7KҥFK WLrX GLӋW &KtQK 7UXQJ ÿRjQ TXkQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 7UXQJ +RD
Qj\ ÿm JL~S &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP KXҩQ OX\ӋQ 4XkQ ÿӝL ,Q DÿLWLRQ WR
avoiding destruction this Chinese Regiment would begin to to lay
the groundwork for training and advising the less mature Vietnamese
)RUFHV 7uQK EiR FӫD 0ӻ ÿm ÿiQK KѫL WKҩ\ YLӋF 7UXQJ &ӝQJ KXҩQ
OX\ӋQ TXkQ ÿӝL &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QKӳQJ QăP Qj\

7ӯ QăP 7UXQJ &ӝQJ NK{QJ QJӯQJ FXQJ FҩS QJѭӡL Y} NKt Yj
WLӃS OLӋX FKR &{QJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP &KtQK 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WURQJ FXӕQ
ĈѭӡQJ WӟL ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ÿm YLӃW 7URQJ PӝW EXәL OjP YLӋF ӣ 0RVFRX
YӟL 6WDOLQH 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ 0DR ÿm KӭD WUDQJ Eӏ FKR 9LӋW 1DP Vѭ
ÿRjQ 0DR QyL 9LӋW 1DP FҫQ WUDQJ Eӏ ÿҥL ÿRjQ Vѭ ÿRjQ ÿӇ ÿiQK
3KiS 7UѭӟF PһW Km\ WUDQJ Eӏ ÿҥL ÿRjQ Fy PһW ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF 9LӋW 1DP
&y WKӇ ÿѭD QJD\ PӝW Vӕ ÿѫQ Yӏ VDQJ 7UXQJ +RD QKұQ YNJ NKt 7ӍQK
4XҧQJ 7k\ VӁ Oҧ KұX SKѭѫQJ WUӵF WLӃS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP 6DX ÿy FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ
FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL QKkQ GkQ OҫQ OѭӧW ÿѭӧF ÿѭD VDQJ 7ҫX ÿӇ WKө KXҩQ Yj QKұQ
YNJ NKt 7KHR *LiS QKӳQJ ÿѫQ Yӏ VDQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF QJRjL YLӋF WUDQJEӏ
OҥL YNJ NKt FzQ ÿѭӧF KXҩQ OX\ӋQ WKrP YӅ FKLӃQ WKXұW F{QJ NLrQ ÿһF ELӋW
Oj Nӻ WKXұW ÿiQK EӝF SKi 7UѭӟF ÿk\ Yu FKѭD Fy WKXӕF Qә WD FKѭD KӅ
[ӱ GNJQJ Nӻ WKXұW Qj\ &NJQJ WKHR *LiS FKtQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm \rX FҫX
7ҫX &ӝQJ JӱL TXD 9LӋW 1DP PӝW ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ 7KHR OӡL \rX FҫX ÿy
PӝW ÿRjQ Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL ÿm VDQJ 9LӋW 1DP JL~S
TXkQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP /m 4Xt %D Ӫ\ 9LrQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 7UѭӣQJ ÿRjQ &ӕ YҩQ 9L 4XӕF 7KDQK 7UѭӣQJ ÿRjQ
&ӕ YҩQ YӅ 4XkQ Vӵ 0DL *LD 6LQK Fӕ YҩQ YӅ F{QJ WiF WKDP PѭX 0m
7k\ 3KX &ӕ YҩQ YӅ F{QJ WiF KұX FҫQ &KtQK FiF &ӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿm

340 LONG ĐIỀN

JL~S &{QJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wә FKӭF ED Fѫ FKӃ FKiQK WURQJ TXkQ ÿӝL
%ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7әQJ &өF FKiQK WUӏ Yj 7әQJ FөF KұX FҫQ 7yP OҥL
QJD\ WURQJ F{QJ YLӋF Wә FKӭF TXkQ ÿӝL FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DPP *LiS
FKӍ Oj QJѭӡL WKӯD KjQK

*LiS Oj P͡W WrQ KqQ 1ăP *LiS E͓ ÿiP /r ĈͱF 7K͕ /r 'X̱Q
K̩ QKͭF E̹QJ FiFK FKR ÿL OjP &Kͯ W͓FK ͮ\ %DQ VDQK ÿ̓ Fy N͇ KR̩FK
*LiS ÿm QJ̵P E͛ KzQ OjP QJ͕W QJRDQ QJRmQ YkQJ OͥL 7URQJ Yͭ 1KkQ
YăQ *LDL SḴP [̱\ UD W̩L PL͉Q %̷F QăP QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL ÿm ͧ WURQJ
4XkQ Ĉ͡L 1KkQ GkQ FͯD *LiS QK˱ 7U̯Q '̯Q +RjQJ &̯P 4XDQJ
'NJQJ 3KQJ 4XiQ E͓ ÿHP UD ÿ̭X W͙ W ÿ̯\ *LiS Y̳Q JLͷ LP O̿QJ
7URQJ Yͭ iQ FK͙QJ ÿ̫QJ GR ÿiP /r 'X̱Q /r ĈͱF 7K͕ FKͯ P˱X FiF
W˱ͣQJ &͡QJ V̫Q ÿjQ HP FͯD *LiS QK˱ /r /LrP Ĉ̿QJ .LP *LDQJ
1JX\͍Q 9ăQ 9͓QK FiF Ĉ̩L Wi WKX͡F F̭S FͯD *LiS QK˱ /r 0LQK 1JKƭD
/r 9LQK 4X͙F 9ăQ ']RmQ E͓ KmP K̩L *LiS Y̳Q QJR̫QK P̿W OjP
QJ˯ .KL FiF W˱ͣQJ /r 7U͕QJ 7̭Q +RjQJ 9ăQ 7KiL FNJQJ Oj WK{QJ JLD
FͯD *LiS E͓ ÿ͡W W͵ VDX NKL PL͉Q 1DP ÿm E͓ F͡QJ V̫Q KyD *LiS Y̳Q
QJ̵P PL͏QJ LP O̿QJ Oj YjQJ *LiS ÿm ÿ͋ O͡ U} FiL KqQ WKͯ NḴX QK˱
bình.

*LiS N͏ P̿F ÿjQ HP E͓ WK̫P ViW W ÿj\ 7KHR %L 7tQ F͹X 3Ky
7͝QJ %LrQ W̵S FͯD EiR &͡QJ 6̫Q 4XkQ Ĉ͡L 1KkQ GkQ Vͧ Gƭ *LiS
NK{QJ E͓ ÿiP /r ĈͱF 7K͕ /r 'X̱Q WKͯ WLrX Yu *LiS EL͇W WKͯ QJKƭD Oj
*LiS EL͇W FiFK WUiQK Qp ÿ͋ E̫R WRjQ P̩QJ V͙QJ

*LiS [HP WK˱ͥQJVLQK P̩QJ GkQ 9L͏W 1DP .KL ÿ˱ͫF P͡W Nê JL̫
QJR̩L TX͙F K͗L *LiS Fy K͙L WL͇F Ju Y͉ V͙ WUL͏X QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP FK͇W
Yu FiF FX͡F FKL͇Q WUDQK J͕L Oj FKL͇Q WUDQK ê WKͱF K͏ *LiS ÿm WU̫ OͥL
Oj \ NK{QJ K͙L WLrF Ju F̫ 1RQ SDV GX WRXW

0̩QJ V͙QJ FͯD WKDQK QLrQ 9L͏W 1DP E͓ K͕ 9} FRL QK˱ F͗ UiF *LiS
V̽Q VjQJ WKt TXkQ WURQJ FiF WU̵Q FKL͇Q 7URQJ WU̵Q FKL͇Q WUDQK ELrQ JLͣL
&DR %̹QJ /̩QJ 6˯Q QăP ÿ͋ WLrX GL͏W Fͱ ÿL͋P Ĉ͛QJ .Kr GR
OtQK 3KiS WṶQ ÿyQJ *LiS ÿm GQJ WͣL TXkQ ÿ{QJ K˯Q TXkQ WU~
SKzQJ O̯Q 6DX WU̵Q ÿiQK K˯Q TXkQ 9L͏W W͵ WU̵Q NK{QJ N͋ V͙
E͓ WK˱˯QJ KjQJ QJjQ 7URQJ WU̵Q ÿ͛QJ E̹QJ 3Kͯ /ê 1LQK %uQK 9ƭQK
<rQ YjR WKiQJ JLrQJ QăP FKL͇Q WKX̵W EL͋Q QJ˱ͥL FͯD *LiS ÿm E͓
7˱ͣQJ 3KiS 'H /DWWUH GH 7DVVLJQ\ GQJ ERP 1DSDOP WLrX GL͏W 4XkQ
&͡QJ V̫Q G˱ͣL V͹ FK͑ KX\ FͯD *LiS ÿm E͓ QKL͉X W͵ YRQJ WK̭W E̩L WURQJ
ê ÿ͛ ÿ˱D FKL͇Q WUDQK Y͉ ÿ͛QJ E̹QJ 6͙ W͵ YRQJ FͯD TXkQÿ͡L F͡QJ V̫Q
NKL WKiR OXL Oj WUrQ QJ˱ͥL 6͙ E͓ WK˱˯QJ FK̷F FK̷Q Oj J̭S ÿ{L J̭S

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 341

ED FRQ V͙

7URQJ FKL͇Q WUDQK 9L͏W ± 3KiS QJ˱ͥL WK͹F V͹ FK͑ KX\
FiF WU̵Q ÿiQK OͣQ NK{QJ SK̫L Oj *LiS Pj Oj FiF W˱ͣQJ 7UXQJ +RD &͡QJ
6̫Q QK˱ 7U̯Q &DQK WURQJ QKͷQJ QăP VDX ÿy Oj ÿRjQ F͙ Y̭Q 7UXQJ
4X͙F ÿͱQJ ÿ̯X Oj 9\ 4X͙F 7KDQK /m 4Xt %D +jR TXDQJ FKL͇Q WK̷QJ
FͯD *LiS FK͑ Oj P͡W JL̫ W̩R P͡W KjR TXDQJ GR 7UXQJ &͡QJ EDQ FKR
&KL͇Q G͓FK ELrQ JLͣL QăP

&KLӃQ GӏFK Qj\ QKҵP PөF ÿtFK ÿXәL TXkQ 3KiS UD NKӓL ELrQ JLӟL
FӫD QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 7UXQJ +RD ÿӇ FKR YLӋF WLӃS YұQ Wӯ 7UXQJ +RD
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ FKR TXkQ ÿӝL FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF GӉ GjQJ 7ѭӟQJ
7UҫQ &DQK FӫD 7UXQJ TXӕF VDQJ 9LӋW 1DP QJj\ 7UҫQ &DQK
ÿm iS GөQJ KӑF WKX\ӃW FKLӃQ WUDQK QKkQ GkQ FӫD 0DR YjR FKLӃQ WUDQK
9LӋW 1DP

.Ӄ KRҥFK WLӃQ F{QJ FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WURQJ FKLӃQ GӏFK ELrQ JLӟL
ÿѭӧF WKD\ WKӃ EҵQJ NӃ KRҥFK WiF FKLӃQ FӫD 7UҫQ &DQK 7KD\ Yu WҩQ F{QJ
&DR %ҵQJ QKѭ NӃ KRҥFK FӫD *LiS 7UҫQ &DQK ÿӅ QJKӏ NӃ KRҥFK WҩQ F{QJ
Ĉ{QJ .Kr PӝW ÿӗQ FӫD 3KiS QҵP JLӳD &DR %ҵQJ Yj /ҥQJ 6ѫQ ÿӇ OD
TXkQ 3KiS UD NKӓL KDL WӍQK WUrQ Yj VDX ÿy SKөF NtFK WLrX GLӋW F{QJ ÿӗQ
ÿҧ YLӋQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKҩS WKXұQ NӃ KRҥFKQj\ .ӃW TXҧ WUұQ ÿiQK Oj
TXkQ 3KiS WKҧP EҥL SKҧL Eӓ KӃW FiF WӍQK ELrQ JLӟL &KLӃQ WKXұW F{QJ ÿӗQ
ÿҧ YLӋQ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj GR FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKӭW Oj
7UҫQ &DQK WUX\ӅQ WKө FKR

7ӯ QăP QKyP Fӕ YҩQ FKiQK WUӏ GR /m 4Xt %D FҫP ÿҫX ÿm JL~S
+ӗ WҥR OұS OXұW OӋ Yj FKiQK ViFK OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ WjL FKiQK WKXӃ NKyD
TXҧQ Oê EiR FKt Yj ÿjL SKiW WKDQK FNJQJ QKѭ FiF FKiQK ViFK ÿӕL YӟL FiF
GkQ WӝF WKLӇX Vӕ

&KL͇Q G͓FK 7k\ %̷F

6DX FiF WәQ WKҩW ӣ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ +ӗQJ +j QăP 9LӋW 0LQK
WKHR Vӵ Fӕ YҩQ FӫD FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Pӣ FKLӃQ GӏFK 7k\ %ҳF
QăP /m 4Xt %D WUiFK QKLӋP KRҥFK ÿӏQK FKLӃQ GӏFK WKD\ 9L 4XӕF
7KDQK YӅ 7ҫX FKӳD EӋQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKҩS WKXұQ KRjQ WRjQ ÿӅ QJKӏ
FӫD /m 4Xt %D 7KHR 4LDQJ =KDL &KLQD DQG WKH 9LHWQDP ZDUV
FXӕL WKiQJ QăP +ӗ Et PұW VDQJ %ҳF .LQK ÿӇ WKҧR OXұQ YӅ
FKLӃQ GӏFK 7k\ %ҳF FNJQJ QKѭ FKLӃQ OѭӧF WKҳQJ TXkQ 3KiS

1Jj\ 9LӋW 0LQK WұS WUXQJ WLӇX ÿRjQ WҩQ F{QJ 1JKƭD /ӝ Yj
FiF ÿӗQ EyW OkQ FұQ

1Jj\ 9\ 4XӕF 7KDQK WUӣ OҥL 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ FQJ /m 4Xt %D

342 LONG ĐIỀN

FKӍ ÿҥR FKLӃQ GӏFK 6DX NKL PҩW 1JKƭD /ӝ TXkQ 3KiS FKҥ\ NKӓL 6ѫQ
/D QJj\ 9LӋW 0LQK KRjQ WRjQ FKLӃP OƭQK PӝW NKX YӵF OӟQ ӣ 7k\
%ҳF FKR SKpS Kӑ Fy WKӇ WLӃQ KjQK FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ /jR

Ĉ͙L SKy YͣL N͇ KR̩FK 1DYDUUH ± 7U̵Q ĈL͏Q %LrQ 3Kͯ
7KiQJ WѭӟQJ +HQUL 1DYDUUH ÿҧP WUiFK FKӍ KX\ TXkQ 3KiS ӣ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ YӟL NӃ KRҥFK

1-.LӇP VRiW YQJ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ +ӗQJ
2-%uQK ÿӏQK FiF NKX GR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NLӇP VRiW ӣ PLӅQ 7UXQJ Yj PLӅQ
Nam

3-0ӣ WәQJ SKҧQ NtFK WLrX GLӋW FiF Fӭ ÿӏD FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK WҥL PLӅQ
%ҳF

1DYDUUH FKR WKjQK OұS FiF ELQK ÿRjQ OѭX ÿӝQJ
9LӋW 0LQK &ӝQJ 6ҧQ O~F ÿҫX PXӕQ WұS WUXQJ TXkQ WҥL YQJ 7k\ %ҳF
Yj /DL &KkX QKѭQJ VDX *LiS Wӯ Eӓ ê ÿӏQK ÿy PXӕQ NpR TXkQ WҩQ F{QJ
TXkQ 3KiS ӣ ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ +ӗQJ +j 1Kѭ Yұ\ *LiS Kҥ WKҩS WҫP TXDQ
WUӑQJ FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK ӣ /jR %ҳF .LQK NK{QJ ÿӗQJ ê YӟL NӃ KRҥFK FӫD
*LiS %ҳF .LQK QKҩQ PҥQK 9LӋW 0LQK FҫQ JLӳ QJX\rQ NӃ KRҥFK WұS
WUXQJ YjR 7k\ %ҳF Yj /jR /mQK ÿҥR 7UXQJ 4XӕF FKR UҵQJ QӃX WKӵF
WKL FKLӃQ WKXұW Qj\ 9LӋW 0LQK &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Fy WKӇ FKXҭQ Eӏ OӵF OѭӧQJ FKR
F{QJ FXӝF ÿiQK FKLӃP ÿӗQJ EҵQJ V{QJ +ӗQJ Yj FXӕL FQJ VӁ ÿiQK EҥL
3KiS ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

7KiQJ %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP SKӫ TX\ӃW NӃ KRҥFK
FӫD *LiS ÿӇ WKHR NӃ KRҥFK FӫD FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7ҫX

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP 9\ 4XӕF 7KDQK WUDR FKR {QJ +ӗ PӝW
EҧQ VDR NӃ KRҥFK FӫD 1DYDUUH Pj WuQK EiR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿm WKX ÿRҥW
ÿѭӧF 6DX NKL [HP [pW FiF OmQK ÿҥR FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QyL ÿӅ
QJKӏ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Oj ÿ~QJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QӃX WKHR ÿ~QJ NӃ
KRҥFK FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy WKӇ SKi Yӥ NӃ KRҥFK FӫD 1DYDUUH

.KL 1DYDUUH ÿѭD TXkQ ÿӃQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ *LiS Yj %ӝ 7KDP PѭX
FKѭD QKұQ UD WҫP TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD Yӏ WUt Qj\ &KtQK 9\ 4XӕF 7KDQK
Oj QJѭӡL ÿm WK~F *LiS Pӣ FKLӃQ GӏFK EDR Yk\ Yj WLrX GLӋW TXkQ 3KiS
ӣ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKҩQ PҥQK FKLӃQ GӏFK ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ
NK{QJ FKӍ TXDQ WUӑQJ YӅ TXkQ Vӵ Pj FzQ Fy ҧQK KѭӣQJ TXӕF WӃ

1Jj\ %ӝ &KtQK WUӏ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WK{QJ TXD NӃ
KRҥFK WiF FKLӃQ ӣ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ *LiS FKӍ Oj QJѭӡL WKL KjQK NӃ KRҥFK GR
Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF 9\ 4XӕF 7KDQK ÿӅ UD 1JѭӡL KQJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ 9}

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 343

1JX\rQ *LiS ÿm ÿѭӧF Fӕ YҩQ 7ҫX QһQ UD
&KtQK FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿã giúp
9LӋW 0LQK WURQJ FiF FKLӃQ GӏFK ELên
JLӟL 7k\ %ҳF Yj ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ 7KH
Chinese military advisers actually
planned and often helped direct Viet
Minh operations, and there was a direct
transmission of strategy and tactics
from China to Viet Nam. The CMAG
(Chinese Military Advisory Group )
contributed greatly to the success of the
ERUGHU 1RUWK:HVW DQG WKH ĈLӋQ %Lên
3Kӫ HQJDJHPHQWV ± 4LDQJ =KDL 7Uung
&ӝQJ ÿm FKL YLӋQ FKR FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ ĈLӋQ

%LrQ 3Kӫ WҩQ WLӃS OLӋX JӗP Y} NKt OѭѫQJ WKӵF YY &ӕ YҩQ 7& Fy
PһW ӣ PӑL ÿѫQ Yӏ 7Kt Gө Kӑ ÿm JL~S 9LӋW 0LQK Eӕ WUt SKiR ELQK trong
FiF KjR VkX WUrQ VѭӡQ Q~L ÿӇ WUiQK Eӏ SKL Fѫ 3KiS SKiW KLӋQYj SKi Kӫ\
3KiR ELQK FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK ÿѭӧF FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ Oj PӝW
EҩW QJӡ FKR TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS 1KѭQJ Vӵ WKDP Gӵ WtFK FӵF FӫD 7UXQJ &ӝQJ
YjR Vӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD FKLӃQ GӏFK NK{QJ KӅ ÿѭӧF *LiS QKҳF WӟL WURQJ FiF
EjL YLӃW WURQJ FiF ViFK FӫD \ QKѭ FXӕQ ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3Kӫ ÿLӇP KҽQ OӏFK
Vӱ ,Q HIIHFW WKH EDWWOH RI ĈLӋQ %LrQ 3KX ZRXOG be planned and
assisted by Chinese Advisors and fought with Chinese trained, equipped,
supplied, transported and fed PAVN (People Army of Vn). This
support is rarely mentioned as a contributing factor to the Vietnamese
victory – (The Chinese support for the North Vietnam during the Vietnam
War; The Decisive Edge by Bob Seals).

6ӵ JL~S ÿӥ FӫD 7UXQJ &ӝQJ NK{QJ QJӯQJ ӣ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ ĈLӋQ %LrQ
3Kӫ QăP ÿiQK GҩX Vӵ FiR FKXQJ FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD WKӵF GkQ 6ӵ JL~S
ÿӥ YүQ ÿѭӧF WLӃS WөF WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ [kP OăQJ PLӅQ 1DP

6iP KӕL WӝL OӛL"

7KD\ OͥL N͇W

1JѭӡL KQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WѭӟQJ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
9LӋW 1DP FKӍ Oj PӝW QKkQ YұW ÿҥL EӏS WURQJ Vӕ KjQJ WUăP KjQJ QJjQ
WrQ EӏS EӧP WURQJ ÿy Fy Fҧ WrQ +ӗ WURQJ TXi WUuQK KLӋQ KӳX FӫD ÿҧQJ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP < NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ QKѭ ÿҧQJ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKәL SKӗQJ &KtQK FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ GR 9\

344 LONG ĐIỀN

4XӕF 7KDQK /m 4Xt %D FҫP ÿҫX ÿm ÿiQK WKҳQJ TXkQ 3KiS WURQJ FXӝF
FKLӃQ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj *LiS +jR TXDQJ FӫD *LiS Oj GR
7UXQJ &ӝQJ QһQ UD WUHR YjR Fә *LiS 6ӵ WKӵF FiF WUұQ ÿiQK OӟQ Fy WtQK
FiFK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿӅX GR FiF Fӕ YҩQ 7ҫX &ӝQJ WKLӃW Nr Yj ÿLӅX NKLӇQ

*LiS ÿm VӕQJ WURQJ FiL Yӓ WKLrQ WjL ÿy WURQJ KѫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ ĈӃQ
QD\ WKu Vӵ WKӵF ÿm ÿѭӧF SKѫL Eҫ\

7URQJ VXӕW KDL FXӝF FKLӃQ *LiS Yj ÿҧQJ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm GӵD YjR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ JҫQ QKѭ WRjQ GLӋQ 1D\ Kӑ
ÿm Yj ÿDQJ WUҧ PyQ Qӧ ÿy WUҧ EҵQJ Fҧ Vӕ SKұQ FӫD GkQ 9LӋW EҵQJ Fҧ ÿҩW
QѭӟF GR Wә WLrQ ÿӇ OҥL TXr KѭѫQJ ÿDQJ PҩW GҫQ YjR WD\ QJѭӡL 7UXQJ
KRD &ӝQJ VҧQ

7jL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR

9L͏W QJͷ

7UXQJ 4X͙F Fy OͫL Ju WURQJ FKL͇Q WUDQK 9L͏W 1DP 7U̯Q *LD 3KͭQJ
12/2008.

.ͽ QL͏P QăP ĈL͏Q %LrQ 3Kͯ KWWS www.ykien.net
- Võ Nguyên Giáp , http;//www.wikipedia.org
1KͷQJ WrQ WKͳD VDL FͯD 7UXQJ &͡QJ 1JX\͍Q 9ăQ &DQK
4XkQ V͵9L͏W 1DP http://www. Quansuvn.net

&͙ Y̭Q 7UXQJ TX͙F Yj ÿ˱ͥQJ ÿ͇Q ĈL͏Q %LrQ
http://www.bbc.co.uk Ĉ˱ͥQJ WͣL ĈL͏Q %LrQ 3Kͯ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS

1JR̩L QJͷ
- China and the Vietnam warsm, 1950-1975Qiang Zhai 2000
University of North Carolina Press

- Senior General Vo Nguyen Giap remembers, Cecil B. Currey
Journal of Third World Study, 2003

- Chinese support to North Vietnam during the Vietnam war; The
decisive Edge Bob Seals Military History on line.

- The Vietnam War; the untruthsand the facts

- Võ Nguyên Giáp, http://www.wikepedia.org >

- Interview with Vo Nguyen Giap Viet Minh Commander, Peoples
Cenntury, http://www.pbs.org “

*LiS Oj QJѭ ӡL WUӵF WLӃS UD OӋQK ViW KҥL FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL NK{QJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ WURQJ NKL Kӑ NKL KӧS WiF YӟL 9LӋW 0LQK~:

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 345

“Sau khi quân Trung Quӕc rӡi khӓi ViӋt Nam vào ngày 15 tháng
5, Võ Nguyên Giáp bҳt ÿҫu chӍ huy lӵc lѭӧng an ninh tiêu diӋt các tә
chӭc có thӇ ÿe dӑa ViӋt Minh, bҳt các thành viên và ÿàn áp các phѭѫng
tiӋn báo chí cӫa hӑ, và giӃt chӃt hàng trăm ngѭӡi ÿӕi lұp....Vӟi sӵ trӧ
giúp cӫa quân Pháp, Võ Nguyên Giáp ÿã,chӍ huy lӵc lѭӧng công an
và quân ÿӝi ÿӇ tiêu diӋt các thành phҫn chong ÿӕi. Ví dө, sau khi quân
Pháp giành ÿѭӧc mӝt huyӋn trѭӟc kia do Ĉӗng Minh hӝi quҧn lý, hӑ ÿã
thҧ quân ViӋt Minh trѭӟc, rӗi trao chính quyӅn cho ViӋt Minh ÿӇ tӵ xӱ
lý vӟi Ĉҧng Ĉҥi ViӋt”

http://www.vietquoc.org/modules.php?name=News&file=print&s
id=252 Vө Ôn Nhѭ Hҫu Võ Nguyên Giáp là tên sát nhân, tên tӝi
phҥm sát hҥi hàng loҥt nhӳng nhà cách mҥng, nhӳng nhà ái quӕc không
theo Cӝng Sҧn. Sӵ cҩu kӃt vӟi Pháp, kҿ thù chung cӫa Dân Tӝc ViӋt
Nam. Chӭng tӓ Giáp là phҫn tӱ phҧn Cách Mҥng, phҧn bӝi Dân Tӝc:

....Trѭӟc khi thӵc hành ý ÿӏnh, Võ Nguyên Giáp tìm gһp Ĉҥi tá
Crépin tҥm thӡi làm ÿҥi diӋn cho Tòa Cao ӫy Pháp, ÿӇ phân trҫn lý
do phҧi dùng nhӳng biӋn pháp cӭng rҳn ÿӕi vӟi nhӳng phҫn tӱ phҧn
ÿӝng, phá hoҥi sӵ hӧp tác giӳa Pháp và Cӝng Sҧn VN, ÿӗng thӡi Võ
Nguyên Giáp còn yêu cҫu Ĉҥi tá Crépin giúp cho mӝt sӕ chuyên viên
sӱ dөng trӑng pháo ÿӇ tҩn công các chiӃn khu cӫa VNQDĈ mà CS
hiӋn thiӃu sӕ chuyên viên ҩy. Lӡi yêu cҫu cӫa Võ Nguyên Giáp ÿѭӧc
Crépin nhiӋt liӋt tán thành, hӭa sҹn sàng giúp ÿӥ mӛi khi Giáp yêu cҫu.
Võ Nguyên Giáp tuyên bӕ là có mӝt tên công an ÿӃn mұt báo vӟi
Giáp rҵng: “Trong khi y bӏ ÿһc vө VNQDĈ bat giam tҥi sӕ 9 phӕ
Ôn Nhѭ Hҫu (Bonifacy), y lҳng tai nghe trӝm dѭӧc nhӳng ngѭӡi
công tác trong cѫ quan ҩy bàn nhau dӵ ÿӏnh ÿӃn ngày 14 tháng 7
(14 Juillet) này, nhân dӏp Pháp mӡi Chính phӫ chúng ta ÿӃn dӵ lӉ
duyӋt binh, VNQDĈ sӁ ÿһt phái ÿoàn quân cҧm tӱ ÿӃn hành thích
nhân viên Chính phӫ chúng ta; và ngѭӡi chӍ huy trong cѫ quan Ôn
Nhѭ Hҫu, y thѭӡng nghe thҩy mӑi ngѭӡi ÿӅu nhҳc ÿӃn tên Trí.”
ThӃ là Võ Nguyên Giáp quyӃt ÿӏnh nhҵm vào trө sӣ sӕ 9 phӕ Ôn Nhѭ
Hҫu, không cҫn biӃt có sӵ thӵc hay là không?

Nguyên biӋt thӵ sӕ 9 phӕ Ôn Nhѭ Hҫu này trѭӟc kia quân ÿӝi Nhұt
Bҧn chiӃm ӣ; ÿӃn khi Nhұt ÿҫu hàng Ĉӗng Minh, quân ÿӝi Trung Hoa
lҥi thay quân ÿӝi Nhұt ӣ luôn ÿҩy; kӏp khi quân ÿӝi Trung Hoa trӣ vӅ
nѭӟc, hӑ trao lҥi cho VNQDĈ, mӟi tӯ tháng 5.1946. Trong khi quân
ÿӝi Trung Hoa ӣ biӋt thӵ ҩy, có mӝt sӕ quân nhân thuӝc loҥi “Tҫu phù”
bӏ chӃt; chӃt bҵng ÿӫ mӑi cách: vì ÿѭѫng ÿói, nay mӟi ÿѭӧc ăn no ÿӃn

346 LONG ĐIỀN

EӝL WKӵF Pj OăQ UD FKӃW FKӃW YӅ EӋQK SK WKNJQJ Y Y ÿӗQJ EӑQ FKR ÿjR
Kӕ YL QJD\ ErQ K{QJ KD\ VDX QKӳQJ JӕF FKXӕL JҫQ QJD\ FҥQK ELӋW WKӵ
1Kj WKҫX NKRiQ 1JX\ӉQ 'X\ +ӧL Oj QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF WUDR SKy YLӋF VӱD VDQJ
OҥL QJ{L ELӋW WKӵ Qj\ WUѭӟF NKL ÿѭӧF GQJ OjP WUө Vӣ 914'Ĉ Fy FKR
FK~QJ W{L ELӃW UҵQJ YjL QJj\ WUѭӟF NKL U~W OXL EӑQ 7jX SK FzQ PӟL YL
GұS WKrP ӣ QJRjL YѭӡQ ELӋW WKӵ PӝW Vӕ TXkQ QKkQ 7jX SK PӟL FKӃW QӳD

&Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1 '¬1 &Ҧ1+

7ӕL K{P ҩ\ Vӣ 4XkQ Yө 7KjQK SKӕ +j 1ӝL KӧS YӟL
7ѭ OӋQK Eӝ UD OӋQK JLӟL QJKLrP WRjQ WKjQK UӗL OӧL GөQJ WKӡL JLDQ
JLӟL QJKLrP YҳQJ QJѭӡL TXD OҥL VDL 6ӣ &{QJ $Q %ҳF Eӝ [XӕQJ 1Kj
WKѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL Yj 3Kӫ 'RmQ FKӣ PӝW Vӕ [iF FKӃW Y{ WKӯD QKұQ
ÿHP YӭW WURQJ WUө Vӣ ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX FӫD 914'Ĉ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FKR PDL
SKөF V~QJ ӕQJ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ [XQJ TXDQK UӗL EҳW ÿҫX Pӣ FXӝF ÿӝW NtFK YjR
ĈҫX WLrQ ErQ 914'Ĉ FKӕQJ WUҧ PmQK OLӋW Yj NK{QJ FKR Kӑ ÿѭӧF Wӵ
WLӋQ [kP QKұS WUө Vӣ &XӕL FQJ ELQK Vƭ &6 SKҧL GQJ ÿӃQ iS OӵF V~QJ
ÿҥQ PӟL ұS YjR ÿѭӧF 7KӃ Oj ÿDQJ ÿrP Kӑ EҳW WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy
WUiFK QKLӋP WҥL ÿy Et PұW PDQJ ÿL WURQJ Vӕ Fy 3KDQ .tFK 1DP
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 3K~F 1JX\ӉQ &Kӳ 3KDQ 4XiQ 3KҥP 9ăQ 7KҳQJ Y Y
YӟL PӝW Vӕ JLҩ\ Wӡ WURQJ Vӕ Fy PӝW WjL OLӋX TXDQ WUӑQJ Oj FKѭѫQJ WUuQK
NӃ KRҥFK ÿҧR FKtQK &KtQK SKӫ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

7ҥL WUө Vӣ ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX Eӏ &6 NKӫQJ Eӕ 3KDQ ;XkQ 7KLӋQ
WӭF 3KDQ .tFK 1DP Eӏ EҳW JLDP WҥL 1KD &{QJ $Q %ҳF Eӝ 6DX PӝW
WKӡL JLDQ &6 ÿѭD VDQJ JLDP WҥL QJөF WKҩW +ӓD /z YjR Vj OLP iQ
FKpP &KR PmL WӟL JҫQ QJj\ FKLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 3KiS
&6 ÿѭD 3KDQ .tFK 1DP OrQ JLDP YjR +ҫP NtQ &DFKRW WҥL ÿӅ
ODR WӍQK 3K~ 7Kӑ &6 OLӅQ ÿHP 3KDQ .tFK 1DP FQJ QJѭӡL
NKiF WURQJ Vӕ Fy /r .KDQJ UD EmL Fӓ JҫQ ÿӅ ODR 3K~ 7Kӑ WKӫ WLrX
6iQJ K{P VDX &6 FKR NKDL TXұW FiF [iF FKӃW QJRjL YѭӡQ OrQ
[iF FK{Q OkX Fy [iF PӟL FK{Q FNJQJ Fy Vӕ [iF Pj &{QJ $Q %ҳF Eӝ PӟL
PDQJ WӟL WӕL K{P WUѭӟF OұS WKjQK ELrQ EҧQ UӗL PӡL EiR FKt ÿӗQJ EjR
FNJQJ QKѭ PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL QJRҥL TXӕF ÿӃQ [HP ÿӇ FKөS KuQK TXD\ SKLP
UӗL FKR WUѭQJ Ej\ KuQK ҧQK WҥL SKzQJ 7K{QJ WLQ FKR F{QJ FK~QJ YjR
[HP WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ YX FiR WUѭӟF Gѭ OXұQ UҵQJ

914'Ĉ ÿm OұS ULrQJ QѫL Vӕ ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX PӝW ³+ҳF ĈLӃP´
FKX\rQ FѭӟS FӫD Yj EҳW FyF JLӃW QJѭӡL WKӫ WLrX QKӳQJ WKѭӡQJ GkQ Y{
WӝL Yj Vӵ WKӵF ÿm FKӭQJ PLQK

7URQJ O~F EӑQ &6 GӵQJ ÿӭQJ QJө\ WҥR Yө ³ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX´ ÿӇ YX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 347

NKӕQJ 914'Ĉ WKu Fө +XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 1ӝL Yө
TX\ӅQ &Kӫ WӏFK &KtQK SKӫ Fө +XǤQK KRjQ WRjQ Eӏ EӏW PҳW QrQ NK{QJ
KD\ ELӃW Ju Fҧ ĈӃQ O~F Kӑ GjQ FҧQK [RQJ Yj ORDQ WUX\ӅQ UD UӗL PӟL
WUuQK OrQ Fө +XǤQK WKu Fө FKӍ FzQ ELӃW GұP FKkQ OD WUӡL ³.K{QJ QJӡ
ErQ 9LӋW 4XӕF OҥL Fy QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ TXi WjQ iF QKѭ WKӃ ´ 7KӃ Oj QJj\
K{P VDX Kӑ ÿӋ OrQ Fө Nê PӝW EҧQ YăQ FӫD YăQ SKzQJ %ӝ 1ӝL Yө NӃW WӝL
FiF ³KjQK ÿӝQJ NKiW PiX´ NӇ WUrQ Yj SKӫ &Kӫ WӏFK FNJQJ EDQ KjQK PӝW
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ³FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW WUӏ WӝL´ QKӳQJ Nҿ ÿm OjP YLӋF SKL SKiS

ĈӗQJ EjR ӣ 7Kӫ ÿ{ O~F ҩ\ Fy UҩW QKLӅX QJѭӡL ELӃW U} Vӵ WKұW FkX
FKX\ӋQ YX NKӕQJ Qj\ QKѭQJ Yu iS OӵF FKtQK TX\ӅQ &6 Fy DL GiP Kӣ
P{L &zQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy WrQ WXәL Fy X\ WtQ FӫD SKH 4XӕF *LD ӣ WURQJ
&KtQK SKӫ /LrQ +LӋS WKu ÿm [XҩW QJRҥL FQJ PӝW O~F KRһF WUѭӟF NKL
TXkQ ÿӝL 7UXQJ +RD U~W OXL 1KӳQJ Nҿ FKұP FKkQ FzQ ӣ OҥL WURQJ QѭӟF
WKu ÿDQJ WuP FiFK OҭQ WUiQK ÿӇ NKӓL Eӏ ViW KҥL Oҩ\ DL ÿkX Pj Wҭ\ YӃW QKѫ
ÿӇ WKDQK PLQK Vӵ Yө WUѭӟF ÿӗQJ EjR WUѭӟF OӏFK Vӱ

&NJQJ QJj\ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Kҥ OӋQK
FKR Eӝ ÿӝL ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF SKpS WҩQ F{QJ YjR KӃW WKҧ\
FiF FKLӃQ NKX 914'Ĉ WUӯ WUө Vӣ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ +j 1ӝL
5ӗL WKӡL FXӝF ELӃQ FKX\ӇQ QKDQK FKyQJ ÿӃQ FXӕL WKiQJ
FXӝF K{Q SKӕL EҩW ÿҳF Gƭ JLӳD 3KiS Yj &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP
WDQ Um UӗL EQJ Qә WRjQ TXӕF NKiQJ FKLӃQ WKӃ Oj PӛL QJѭӡL ÿL
PӛL QJm Yө ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX FKuP WURQJ PӝW QJKL iQ FӫD OӏFK Vӱ
0mL YӅ VDX Qj\ NKL Fө +XǤQK 7K~F .KiQJ YӅ ӣ 4XҧQJ 1JmL OmQK ÿҥR
/LrQ .KX 9 FKӕQJ 3KiS WKӍQK WKRҧQJ FNJQJ Fy ÿ{L QJѭӡL Et PұW
WӍ Wr WKXұW OҥL Vӵ WKұW YӅ Yө ³ÐQ 1Kѭ +ҫX´ YӟL Fө &ө +XǤQK WUӕ PҳW
NLQK QJҥF QKѭQJ UӗL FNJQJ FKӍ FzQ ELӃW FKpS PLӋQJ WKӣ GjL NK{QJ
QyL TXD PӝW OӡL &KR ÿӃQ QD\ ÿӕL YӟL FiL FKӃW FӫD Fө +XǤQK 7K~F
.KiQJ ӣ 4XҧQJ 1JmL FNJQJ WKrP PӝW QJKL iQ WUѭӟF OӏFK Vӱ

+X\ӅQ WKRҥL 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS:

http://www.x-cafevn.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-14750.html
+X\ӅQ WKRҥL 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS J͛P FiF EjL SKkQ WtFK Y͉ FX͡F ÿͥL Yj
V͹ QJKL͏S FͯD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS FͯD QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL GkQ WURQJ Q˱ͣF YL͇W
QK˱ VDX

&KLӃQ WKҳQJ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QăP ÿm WҥR QrQ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL FKR
FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK 9LӋW &ӝQJ 7ӯ ÿk\ QKӳQJ WK{QJ WLQ ÿӭQJ ÿҳQ YӅ 9LӋW
1DP NK{QJ FzQ QӳD &zQ OҥL Oj WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ OiR NKRpW FӫD Nҿ FKLӃQ
WKҳQJ &iF HP KӑF VLQK FiF KӑF JLҧ [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ QӅQ JLiR GөF QJX WӕL

348 LONG ĐIỀN

FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ ÿӅX QJҳP QKuQ OӏFK Vӱ EҵQJ QKӳQJ WKrX GӋW JҩP KRD
WѭӣQJ WѭӧQJ FӫD Eӝ WK{QJ WLQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ 9LӋW &ӝQJ Ek\ JLӡ ÿәL WKjQK
%ӝ 9ăQ +yD 7K{QJ 7LQ 1jR Oj HP /r 9ăQ 7iP NK{QJ FKӏX FҫP KӝS
GLrP YӟL WKQJ [ăQJ OҥL Wӵ GQJ WKkQ PuQK OjP ÿXӕF QKҧ\ YjR O{ FӕW
ÿӏFK QjR Oj ÿӗQJ FKt %Ӄ 9ăQ ĈjQ GQJ WKkQ PuQK OjP EӋ V~QJ WUXQJ
OLrQ WURQJ NKL WUXQJ OLrQ Fy WKӇ EҳQ EҵQJ WD\ FKӭ NK{QJ FҫQ WD\ Yj
FNJQJ NK{QJ FҫQ JLi V~QJ 1jR Oj TXkQ WD EҳQ [X\rQ WiR YLrQ ÿҥQ Qҧ\
TXD Qҭ\ OҥL JLӃW KjQJ WUăP WrQ ÿӏFK Pj WәQJ NӃW EҳQ [X\rQ WiR WKӃ
QjR WD FKӃW WULӋX QJѭӡL 0ӻ FKӃW Fy QJjQ 1jR Oj ÿѭӡQJ KҫP &ӫ
&KL ÿjR GѭӟL GRDQK WUҥL ÿӏFK Fy Fҧ QKj WKѭѫQJ WUDQJ Eӏ ÿҥL JLҧL SKүX
QӳD 7URQJ ELQK SKiS WKѭѫQJ ELQK SKҧL FKX\ӇQ YӅ KұX WX\ӃQ 1ӃX ӣ
&ӫ &KL WKѭѫQJ ELQK ÿӇ ӣ WURQJ OzQJ ÿӏFK WKu WҥL VDR FiF FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ
.DPSXFKLD FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ ELrQ JLӟL ÿiQK 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Yj QJD\ Fҧ FiF
WUұQ ÿiQK NKiF YӟL 91&+ WD FNJQJ FKX\ӇQ WKѭѫQJ ELQK YӅ QѫL DQ WRjQ"
7K{L WKu Nҿ WKҳQJ WKD Kӗ QyL SKpW

'ҫQ GҫQ TXD YjL FKөF QăP EѭQJ EtW KҫX QKѭ WRjQ TXӕF ÿӅX WLQ
WѭӣQJ PmQK OLӋW UҵQJ FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK 9LӋW &ӝQJ NK{QJ EiF QjR Fy KӑF
YӅ YăQ KyD FNJQJ QKѭ WӕW QJKLӋS EҩW Fӭ PӝW WUѭӡQJ Y} Eӏ QjR ÿӅX Oj
QKӳQJ WKLrQ WjL TXkQ Vӵ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS PӝW OҫQ SKXQ EӑW PpS QyL
³ &KLӃQ WUDQK Fy \ӃX Wӕ QKkQ OӵF Yj YNJ NKt &XӕL FQJ
FRQ QJѭӡL Oj \ӃX Wӕ TX\ӃW WKҳQJ &RQ QJѭӡL &RQ QJѭӡL
7URQJ PHQ VD\ FKLӃQ WKҳQJ *LiS TXrQ PӝW ÿLӅX NpP OXұQ Oê Oj WURQJ
OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP Eӏ KjQJ QJjQ QăP ÿ{ Kӝ EӣL 7UXQJ +RD KjQJ WUăP
QăP ÿ{ Kӝ 3KiS G UҵQJ 9LӋW 1DP QҳP \ӃX Wӕ FRQ QJѭӡL 7ә WLrQ WD FKӍ
NK{QJ Fy YNJ NKt

1JRjL YLӋF PҩW ÿL QӱD WULӋX WD\ V~QJ QJѭӡL 0ӻ 91&+ PҩW KҷQ
PӑL TXkQ YLӋQ G UҵQJ WURQJ KLӋS ÿӏQK 3DULV 0ӻ FDP NӃW YLӋQ WUӧ FKR
91&+ WUrQ FăQ EҧQ ÿәL 1JKƭD Oj WKD\ WKӃ FKLӃQ Fө Kѭ KӓQJ FKӭ
NK{QJ JL~S WKrP FKLӃQ Fө +m\ OѭӧF TXD WuQK KuQK TXkQ Vӵ KDL ErQ VDX
QăP

4XkQ YLӋQ FKR %ҳF 9LӋW

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Offensive

0D +q FiF OmQK Wө %ҳF 9LӋW ÿm FKRiQJ YiQJ NKL WәQJ WKӕQJ
5LFKDUG 0 1L[RQ WX\rQ Eӕ FXӝF YLӃQJ WKăP 7UXQJ &ӝQJ WURQJ PӝW
F{QJ WiF QJRҥL JLDR WUѭӟF WKiQJ 1ăP QăP 7UXQJ &ӝQJ WUҩQ DQ
%ҳF 9LӋW EҵQJ FiFK WiL FDP NӃW YLӋQ WUӧ QKLӅX KѫQ QӳD YӅ TXkQ Vӵ OүQ
NLQK WӃ Pj PӍD PDL WKD\ VDX Qj\ ÿѭӧF 9LӋW &ӝQJ WUҧ ѫQ EҵQJ FXӝF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 349

chiӃn biên giӟi, trong ÿó 20 ngàn quân Trung Cӝng ÿѭӧc ÿӅn ѫn, chӃt
phѫi thây trên chiӃn trѭӡng bҵng chính súng ÿҥn cӫa Trung Cӝng).
Mһt khác Sô ViӃt nhұn ra mӕi ngӡ vӵc giӳa Bҳc Kinh và
Hà Nӝi, tìm cách ÿào sâu vӃt rҥn nӭt giӳa 2 bên bҵng cách
viӋn trӧ thêm mà không phҧi trҧ nӧ cho lӵc lѭӧng Bҳc ViӋt.
Nhӳng sӵ kiӋn này ÿem lҥi dòng thác lNJ chiӃn cө và tiӃp liӋu cҫn thiӃt
cho mӝt quân ÿӝi quy ѭӟc hiӋn ÿҥi. Gӗm 1 ngàn xe tăng T-54 và T-59
(T-59 là xe tăng cӫa Trung Cӝng nhái theo T-54 Sô ViӃt); chiӃn xa
lӝi nѭӟc PT 76; hàng trăm hӓa tiӉn phòng không, kӇ cҧ súng hӓa tiӉn
phòng không bҳn trên vai, tҫm nhiӋt SA-7 Grail (Tây phѭѫng gӑi là hӓa
tiӉn Strela); hӓa tiӉn chӕng tăng, gӗm cҧ loҥi ÿiӅu khiӇn bҵng dây AT-3
Sagger; và ÿҥi pháo 130 ly bҳn xa 40 km. ĈӇ sӱ dөng món viӋn trӧ này,
25 ngàn binh sƭ ViӋt Cӝng ÿѭӧc huҩn luyӋn ӣ ngoҥi quӕc, 80/100 ӣ Sô
ViӃt và Ĉông Âu, 20/100 ӣ Trung Cӝng.

QuânviӋnchoVNCH:
htp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam
Mùa Thu năm 1974, Nixon tӯ chӭc vì tai tiӃng Thӫy Môn
(Watergate). Gerald Ford lên kӃ vӏ. Quӕc hӝi cҳt viӋn trӧ cho
VNCH tӯ 1 tӍ xuӕng còn 700 triӋu ÿô la. Các sӱ gia ÿӅu ÿӗng ý viӋc Sài
Gòn sөp ÿә là hұu quҧ trӵc tiӃp vӅ cҳt giҧm viӋn trӧ quân sӵ này. (Xin
ÿӯng cãi vӟi Meta. Ĉây là tài liӋu Wiki. Muӕn cãi VNCH thua vì hèn
nhát hay tham nhNJng gì ÿó xin vào Wiki mà cãi) Không có quân viӋn
cҫn thiӃt, VNCH yӃu thӃ trên các mһt trұn. Ngoài ra, viӋc cҳt giҧm viӋn
trӧ khuyӃn khích Bҳc ViӋt bҳt ÿҫu mӝt tәng tҩn công ÿҫy hiӋu quҧ vào
miӅn Nam VN. ĈiӅu này ÿã ÿѭӧc chính phӫ Nixon (ÿã tӯ chӭc) cam kӃt
vӟi tәng thӕng ThiӋu mӝt trҧ ÿNJa nghiêm trӑng (severe retaliation)nӃu
Cӝng Sҧn không tôn trӑng hiӋp ѭӟc Paris 1973. Chính phӫ mӟi cӫa
Gerald Ford không nghƭ Mӻ bӏ ràng buӝc gì vào cam kӃt này, vì ÿó là
chuyӋn riêng cӫa Nixon. Theo ý Meta, vө Thӫy Môn (water gate) bé xé
ra to chӍ vì Nixon hӭa ҭu trong khi Mӻ muӕn xù VNCH. Cӭ so sánh tӝi
nghe lén cӫa Nixon và tӝi chѫi gái cӫa Clinton thì rõ. Clinton chҧ sao cҧ
chӍ vì kinh tӃ Mӻ lúc ÿó khá, Nixon thì mҩt chӭc chӍ vì cam kӃt giӳ vӳng
VNCH. Trӣ lҥi tѭѫng quan viӋn trӧ giӳa 2 bên bҳc và Nam VN. Sau
1973, VNCH ÿã có sҹn 640 ngàn khҭu M-16, 34 ngàn khҭu phóng lӵu
M79, 40 ngàn radio, 20 ngàn xe tҧi quân sӵ và ÿáng kӇ hѫn: 56 xe tăng
M-48 (so vӟi 1000 xe tăng T54 viӋn trӧ cho miӅn Bҳc). VӅ không quân,
VNCH có 200 máy bay chiӃn ÿҩu cѫ A1, A-37 và chiӃn ÿҩu cѫ

350 LONG ĐIỀN

) FKLӃF SKyQJ SKiR $& Yj Pi\ ED\ YұQ WҧL Pi\ ED\
KXҩQ OX\ӋQ Yj Pi\ ED\ WULQK ViW 1JRjL UD TXkQ ÿӝL FzQ Fy WUӵF
WKăQJ QăP 0ӻ Fy WUӵF WKăQJ ӣ 91 0һF G FRQ Vӕ NKi
WR OӟQ 91&+ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF WUDQJ Eӏ WӕW YӅ EҧR WUu QKѭ 0ӻ Yj YүQ Eӏ
%ҳF 9LӋW iS ÿҧR TXkQ Vӕ WUrQ PӑL FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ O~F ÿy %ҳF 9LӋW Oj PӝW
TXkQ ÿӝL OӟQ ÿӭQJ KjQJ WKӭ WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL Ĉҩ\ Oj YNJ NKt ÿm Fy VҹQ
&K~QJ FKӍ ÿѭӧF WKD\ WKӃ NKL Eӏ Kѭ KҥL WKHR WLQK WKҫQ KLӋS ÿӏQK 3DULV
6DX ÿҥL SKiR OӟQ QKҩW FӫD 91&+ Oj O\ Fy WҫP [D Oj
NP 1Kѭ WKӃ QӃX PXӕQ WҩQ F{QJ PӝW ÿӗQ QjR ÿy 9LӋW &ӝQJ FKӍ
FҫQ ÿһW ÿҥL SKiR O\ WҫP EҳQ NP QJRjL WҫP SKҧQ SKiR FӫD
WUӑQJ SKiR 91&+ Oj DQ WRjQ 7KrP YjR ÿy [H WăQJ 7
FӫD %ҳF 4XkQ WKӯD VӭF iS ÿҧR FKLӃF 0 FӫD ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ
7KұW Oj Q{QJ FҥQ NKL QyL UҵQJ TXkQ ÿӝL 91&+ FKLӃQ ÿҩX NpP YӟL
WuQK WUҥQJ ELQK OӵF QKѭ WKӃ *Lҧ Gө QJѭӧF OҥL TXkQ ÿӝL PLӅQ %ҳF Fy
[H WăQJ 91&+ Fy [H WăQJ PLӅQ %ҳF Fy O\ PLӅQ 1DP
Fy ÿҥL EiF O\ WKu Fy OӁ PLӅQ %ҳF NK{QJ FҫP Fӵ QәL TXi WKiQJ
*Lӳ ÿѭӧF PLӅQ 1DP FKR ÿӃQ WKiQJ 7ѭ QăP WURQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ
ҩ\ TXҧ Oj PӝW SKpS Oҥ KRһF EҵQJ NK{QJ Qy ÿzL KӓL PӝW TXkQ ÿӝL WKLӋQ
FKLӃQ Yj ÿҫ\ OzQJ \rX QѭӟF

1rQ QKӟ [H WăQJ GQJ ÿӇ WҩQ F{QJ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL SKzQJ WKӫ *Lҧ
WKӱ *LiS KD\ 9ăQ 7LӃQ 'NJQJ QҳP WURQJ WD\ [H WăQJ WҩQ F{QJ PӝW
ÿӏFK TXkQ Fy [H WăQJ [HP VDR" *Lҧ WKӱ 91&+ Fy [H WăQJ Yj
ÿҥL SKiR SKzQJ NK{QJ KLӋQ ÿҥL QKҩW WKӃ JLӟL 0ӻ NK{QJ Fy ÿҥL SKiR
WѭѫQJ ÿѭѫQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu Kӑ OҥF KұX Pj Yu Kӑ SKiW WULӇQ QKӳQJ YNJ
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CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 351

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352 LONG ĐIỀN