Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

&ӝQJ VҧQ 1KӳQJ FKӫ ÿӅ VDX ÿk\ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK NLQK ÿLӇQ WURQJ FiF NKRi
JLҧQJ Gҥ\ YӅ Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ Wӯ WKXӣ ҩX WKѫ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm ѭX
Wѭ YӅ WuQK WUҥQJ Q{ OӋ FӫD GkQ WӝF Yu WKӃ ÿm TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Eӓ [ӭ UD ÿL WuP
ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF FKX GX NKҳS WKӃ JLӟL ÿӇ WuP KLӇX Yj VR ViQK FXӕL FQJ
{QJ ÿm QKұQ UD FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ WKҫQ NǤ NK{QJ QKӳQJ JL~S GkQ
WӝF JLjQK ÿѭӧF ÿӝF OұS Pj FzQ Pӣ ÿѭӡQJ ÿL YjR F}L KҥQK SK~F PX{Q
ÿӡL ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj OӵF OѭӧQJ FKtQK WUӏ GX\ QKҩW WKӵF KLӋQ
ÿѭӧF FiL WҩW \ӃX ҩ\ FӫD OӏFK Vӱ FKR QrQ TX\ӅQ OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ ÿӕL
YӟL GkQ WӝF VӁ Oj YƭQK YLӉQ Yj WX\ӋW ÿӕL

4XD Vӵ NLӇP QJKLӋP FӫD OӏFK Vӱ KѫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ ÿm TXD QJѭӡL WD
WKҩ\ QKӳQJ [iF WtQ WUrQ ÿk\ QӃX ÿ~QJ PӝW SKҫQ QKӓ WKu Vӵ FѭӡQJ ÿLӋX
Yj SKyQJ ÿҥL OҥL Oj TXi QKLӅX

7Kt Gө QKѭ YLӋF WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF &y OӁ NK{QJ FҫQ WUDQK OXұQ YӅ
FiL JLҧ ÿӏQK NKӣL ÿҫX Qj\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW WURQJ UҩW QKLӅX QKӳQJ
WKDQK QLrQ \rX QѭӟF YjR O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ 1KѭQJ Wӯ ÿy FKR UҵQJ Yu \rX
QѭӟF Pj QJD\ Wӯ ÿҫX ÿm Fy ê ÿӏQK SKҧL UD QѭӟF QJRjL ÿӇ WuP JLҧL SKiS
FӭX QѭӟF WKu ÿLӅX Qj\ NK{QJ QKҩW ÿӏQK SKҧL Oj WҩW \ӃX 0ӝW QJѭӡL 3KiS
QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ 9LӋW 1DP Oj ' +pPHU\ Fy WuP UD ÿѭӧF PӝW Wӡ ÿѫQ FӫD
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӅ QJj\ ӣ Marseille – ký là Paul Tatthanh
– JӱL FKtQK SKӫ 3KiS [LQ YjR KӑF WUѭӡQJ (FROH FRORQLDOH PӝW ORҥL
WUѭӡQJ WҥR F{QJ FKӭF FKR FiF WKXӝF ÿӏD Yj ÿm Eӏ Wӯ FKӕL

1Kj Vӱ KӑF Qj\ FNJQJ WuP UD PӝW Vӕ WKѭ FӫD {QJ ± FNJQJ Nê Oj 3DXO
7DWWKDQK ± QKLӅX OҫQ JӱL YӅ QѭӟF QKӡ .KkP Vӭ 7UXQJ NǤ KӓL WKăP WLQ
WӭF Yj FKX\ӇQ WLӅQ FKR FKD 7ӯ QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX Qj\ ± %LrQ QLrQ WLӇX Vӱ
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK 1[E &KtQK WUӏ 4XӕF JLD +j 1ӝL Fy JKL OҥL SKiW
KLӋQ FӫD +pPHU\ ± QJѭӡL WD Fy WKӇ EjQ OXұQ QKLӅX FKX\ӋQ QKѭQJ ÿӇ
ÿӯQJ ÿL TXi [D FK~QJ WD FKӍ FҫQ JKL QKұQ ÿLӅX KLӇQ QKLrQ VDX ÿk\ ê
ÿӏQK ³FӭX QѭӟF´ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKѭD FKҳF ÿm Fy QJD\ Wӯ O~F Eӓ QѭӟF
UD ÿL ê ÿӏQK ҩ\ Fy WKӇ ÿm ÿӃQ VDX QKӳQJ Gӵ WtQK NKiF NK{QJ WKjQK WKt
Gө NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FKҩS QKұQ YjR KӑF WҥL (FROH FRORQLDOH *Lҧ WKLӃW Qj\
FKҷQJ KӅ Kҥ WKҩS WuQK FҧP \rX QѭӟF FӫD {QJ QKѭQJ WҩW QKLrQ QKѭ Yұ\
WKu VӁ UҩW NKy ÿӇ WҥR UD FiL FKӫ ê Oê WѭӣQJ KRi FXӝF ÿӡL {QJ Wӯ QKӓ FKR
ÿӃQ OӟQ /jP VDR Fy WKӇ FKR Oj ³Oê WѭӣQJ´ FiL KLӋQ WѭӧQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
Wӵ JӑL PuQK Oj ³3DXO 7ҩW 7KjQK´ [LQ ÿL KӑF OjP F{QJ FKӭF FKR FKtQK
TX\ӅQ WKӵF GkQ ÿӗQJ WKӡL QKӡ Fҧ FKtQK TX\ӅQ WKӵF GkQ ҩ\ FKX\ӇQ WLӅQ
Wӯ QѭӟF QJRjL YӅ FKR FKD

&iL OұS OXұQ FKR UҵQJ VDX NKL ÿm E{Q ED NKҳS QѫL ÿӇ QJKLrQ FӭX
WuP KLӇX Wӯ ÿy WKҩ\ FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ WX\ӋW YӡL QrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
PӟL FKӑQ ± OұS OXұQ Qj\ FNJQJ Wӓ UD UҩW NKy WKX\ӃW SKөF 9LӋF {QJ ÿL
ÿk\ ÿy WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL NK{QJ ÿӫ ÿӇ FKӭQJ PLQK ÿѭӧF UҵQJ {QJ ÿã thâu

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 253

ÿҥW ÿѭӧF WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ WLQK KRD FӫD QKkQ ORҥL QKѭ ÿm ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
[ѭQJ WөQJ {QJ JLҧ ÿӏQK .KiF YӟL QKLӅX OƭQK Wө FKkX È NKiF FKҷQJ
KҥQ QKѭ 7{Q 'ұW 7LrQ *DQGKL {QJ NK{QJ KӅ Fy ê ÿӏQK ÿjR VkX NLӃQ
WKӭF FӫD PuQK TXD FiF WUѭӡQJ ÿҥL KӑF 7KӡL JLDQ {QJ WUӣ OҥL QѭӟF 3KiS
KѫL OkX QKѭQJ F{QJ YLӋF FӫD {QJ ӣ ÿk\ YүQ ÿL WKHR FiL
FKLӅX KѭӟQJ QJKLrQJ YӅ SKҫQ WKӵF KjQK TXDQ KӋ WLӃS [~F YLӃW EiR YұQ
ÿӝQJ &iF ViFK {QJ ÿӑF ӣ ÿk\ FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ ORҥL SKә WK{QJ NK{QJ Fy
Ju FKӭQJ Wӓ ÿѭӧF FKLӅX VkX FҫQ WKLӃW YӅ Wѭ GX\ ÿӇ QJKLrP FKӍQK WLӃS WKX
FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ 7{L ÿm YLӃW UD QKLӅX OҫQ QKұQ [pW Qj\ QD\ NK{QJ Vӧ OһS
OҥL ÿӇ QyL WKrP PӝW OҫQ QӳD

1KӳQJ QKj ê WKӭF KӋ FӝQJ VҧQ Fy WKӇ UҩW WӭF JLұQ Yu QKұQ [pW ҩ\
QKѭQJ WLӃF WKD\ ÿLӅX ÿy OҥL ÿѭӧF FKtQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QyL UD $L ÿm ÿӑF
FXӕQ ViFK PDQJ WrQ 1KӳQJ PҭX FKX\ӋQ YӅ ÿӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
WӏFK GR FKtQK {QJ YLӃW GѭӟL E~W GDQK 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ WKu VӁ WKҩ\ QJD\
;LQ GүQ PӝW YjL ÿRҥQ {QJ NӇ YӅ ĈҥL KӝL Tours cuӕL QăP FӫD ĈҧQJ
;m KӝL 3KiS

1JѭӡL WD WKҧR OXұQ UҩW V{L QәL ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ OҳQJ QJKH QKѭQJ
NK{QJ KLӇX U} OҳP Yu QJѭӡL WD WKѭӡQJ QKҳF ÿL QKҳF OҥL QKӳQJ WLӃQJ QKӳQJ
FkX FKӫ QJKƭD Wѭ EҧQ JLDL FҩS Y{ VҧQ EyF OӝW FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL FiFK
PҥQJ NK{QJ WѭӣQJ NKRD KӑF 6DLQW 6LPRQ )RXUULHU 0DU[ FKӫ QJKƭD
Y{ FKtQK SKӫ FKӫ QJKƭD FҧL OѭѫQJ VҧQ [XҩW OXұQ ÿӅ JLҧL SKyQJ FKӫ
QJKƭD WұS WKӇ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ NKiFK TXDQ FKӫ TXDQ Y Y

.K{QJ KLӇX U} OҳP QKѭQJ ÿӃQ O~F ELӇX TX\ӃW JLD QKұS ĈӋ 7DP
KRһF ӣ OҥL ĈӋ 1Kӏ 4XӕF WӃ WKu {QJ YүQ Eӓ SKLӃX FKR ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ
5ҩW QJҥF QKLrQ 5{ Gѫ OjP WӕF Nê FӫD ĈҥL KӝL KӓL {QJ 1JX\ӉQ

³ĈӗQJ FKt %k\ JLӡ ÿӗQJ FKu KLӇX WҥL VDR ӣ 3D UL FK~QJ W{L ÿã bàn
FmL QKLӅX QKѭ WKӃ UӗL FKӭ"´

³.K{QJ FKѭD WKұW KLӇX ÿkX ´

³7KӃ WKu VDR ÿӗQJ FKt OҥL Eӓ SKLӃX FKR ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ"´

³5ҩW ÿѫQ JLҧQ 7{L NK{QJ KLӇX FKӏ QyL WKӃ QjR Oj FKLӃQ OѭӧF FKLӃQ
WKXұW Y{ VҧQ Yj QKLӅX ÿLӇP NKiF 1KѭQJ W{L KLӇX U} PӝW ÿLӅX Oj ĈӋ 7DP
QuӕF WӃ UҩW FK~ ê ÿӃQ YҩQ ÿӅ JLҧL SKyQJ WKXӝF ÿӏD ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ QyL
VӁ JL~S ÿӥ FiF GkQ WӝF Eӏ iS EӭF JLjQK OҥL Wӵ GR Yj ÿӝF OұS FӫD Kӑ &òn
ĈӋ 1Kӏ 4XӕF WӃ NK{QJ KӅ QKҳF ÿӃQ YұQ PҥQJ FiF WKXӝF ÿӏD 9u Yұ\ tôi
ÿm Eӓ SKLӃX WiQ WKjQK ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ 7ӵ GR FKR ÿӗQJ EjR W{L ÿӝF OұS
FKR 7ә TXӕF W{L ÿҩ\ Oj WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX W{L PXӕQ ÿҩ\ Oj WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ
ÿLӅX W{L KLӇX ĈӗQJ FKt ÿӗQJ ê YӟL W{L FKӭ" ´

5{ Gѫ ÿӗQJ ê FKӏ FѭӡL Yj QyL ³ĈӗQJ FKt ÿm WLӃQ Eӝ´

1KӳQJ ÿRҥQ WUtFK GүQ WUrQ ÿk\ ÿm FKR FK~QJ WD ELӃW Pҩ\ ÿLӅX TXDQ

254 LONG ĐIỀN

WUӑQJ QKѭ VDX Hӗ &Kt 0LQK FKѭD ELӃW Jì vӅ FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ YӟL Wѭ
FiFK Oj PӝW KӑF WKX\ӃW WULӃW KӑF FKtQK WUӏ 1KӳQJ NKiL QLӋP UҩW WҫP
WKѭӡQJ WURQJ EiR FKt Fy NKX\QK KѭӟQJ WKLrQ Wҧ QKѭ ÿҩX WUDQK JLDL FҩS
EyF OӝW VҧQ [XҩW {QJ FzQ FKѭD KLӇX U} QyL Ju ÿӃQ QKӳQJ Wѭ ELӋQ YӅ ODR
ÿӝQJ WKD KRi JLi WUӏ WKһQJ Gѭ Vӭ PӋQK JLҧL SKyQJ FӫD JLDL FҩS Y{ VҧQ "

ĈӕL YӟL FKӫ QJKƭD /HQLQ {QJ Fy ELӃW ÿӃQ QKѭQJ OҥL UҩW KӡL KӧW
ÐQJ FKѭD ÿӑF Ju YӅ /HQLQ QJRҥL WUӯ EjL ³6ѫ WKҧR OҫQ WKӭ QKҩW QKӳQJ
OXұQ FѭѫQJ YӅ FiF YҩQ ÿӅ GkQ WӝF Yj WKXӝF ÿӏD´ ÿăQJ WUrQ Wӡ /¶KXPDQLWp
WKiQJ QăP WUѭӟF ĈҥL KӝL 7RXUV YjL WKiQJ &y ÿӑF QKѭQJ WKұW Vӵ
{QJ FNJQJ FKҷQJ KLӇX EDR QKLrX QJD\ Fҧ FiF NKiL QLӋP FăQ EҧQ

ÐQJ FKӑQ OӵD ÿL WKHR /HQLQ KRjQ WRjQ FKӍ Yu TXD ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF
WӃ /HQLQ KӭD ³JL~S ÿӥ FiF GkQ WӝF Eӏ iS EӭF JLjQK OҥL Wӵ GR Yj ÿӝF
OұS´ Ĉy Oj PӝW FKӑQ OӵD KRjQ WRjQ FҧP WtQK YӝL YjQJ SKLӃQ GLӋQ FKӫ
QJKƭD /HQLQ Oj PӝW KӑF WKX\ӃW WRjQ GLӋQ YӅ FiFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ ӣ QKӳQJ
QѭӟF FKѭD Fy FKӫ QJKƭD Wѭ EҧQ SKiW WULӇQ WURQJ ÿy YҩQ ÿӅ JLҧL SKyQJ
FiF WKXӝF ÿӏD FKӍ Oj PӝW Eӝ SKұQ

9ӟL QKӳQJ WKLӃX VyW WUҫP WUӑQJ QKѭ Yұ\ OjP VDR Fy WKӇ JӑL
ÿѭӧF Oj QJKLrP FKӍQK WKiL ÿӝ FKӑQ OӵD QyL WUrQ FӫD {QJ"

7ҩW QKLrQ NK{QJ WKӇ NK{QJ [pW ÿӃQ FKX\ӋQ YӅ VDX FQJ YӟL WKӡL
JLDQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ {QJ ÿm WLӃS FұQ Oê OXұQ FiFK PҥQJ QJj\ FjQJ QKLӅX
KѫQ 1KѭQJ G Yұ\ ÿL QӳD WKu FNJQJ NK{QJ Yu WKӃ Pj FRL Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD ҩ\
Oj WX\ӋW ÿӕL ÿ~QJ SKҧL WUXQJ WKjQK ÿӇ FKX\ӇQ JLDR FKR FiF WKӃ KӋ PDL
VDX &y UҩW QKLӅX Oê GR

6DX NKL /HQLQ PҩW ³FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ /HQLQ´ ÿm GҫQ Gj Eӏ 6WDOLQ
KRi &iFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ ӣ QKӳQJ QѭӟF Wѭ EҧQ SKiW WULӇQ WKRiL WUjR ³FKӫ
QJKƭD [m KӝL´ ӣ /LrQ ;{ WKӵF FKҩW Oj FKӫ QJKƭD Wѭ EҧQ QKj QѭӟF FKӫ
QJKƭD Y{ VҧQ TXӕF WӃ FKӍ Oj FiL EuQK SKRQJ EҧR YӋ /LrQ ;{ Yj Vӵ EjQK
WUѭӟQJ FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF ;{ 9LӃW

0өF WLrX [k\ GӵQJ PӝW [m KӝL PiF [tW Fy QӅQ NLQK WӃ SKiW WULӇQ FKR
PӝW [m KӝL F{QJ EҵQJ Yj Wӵ GR Oj KRjQ WRjQ ҧR WѭӣQJ &iF QѭӟF Oҩ\
/LrQ ;{ OjP P{ KuQK ÿӅX JLүP FKkQ WURQJ OҥF KұX QJKqR QjQ FzQ WKӇ
FKӃ FKtQK WUӏ WKu FKӍ Oj Vӵ QӕL GjL FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ SKRQJ NLӃQ ÿӝF WjL /j YNJ
NKt KLӋX QJKLӋP WURQJ OұW ÿә Yj FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ QKѭQJ EҩW OӵF WURQJ
SKiW WULӇQ ĈLӅX WKҩW EҥL QJD\ WURQJ TXӕF JLD ÿӭQJ ÿҫX .KӕL &1;+ WҥL
/LrQ ;{ ÿm Oӝ U} /LrQ ;{ FKӍ JLӓL WURQJ ³FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ´ Yj FDL WUӏ
Kj NKҳF FzQ [k\ GӵQJ ;+&1 WKu WKҩW EҥL OLrQ PLrQ Yұ\ Pj +&0 Yj
FiF ÿӗQJ FKt WUXQJ NLrQ FӫD {QJ YүQ ÿӅ FDR P{ KuQK /LrQ ;{ Yu WKLӃX
WK{QJ WLQ KD\ Yu P TXiQJ WUѭӟF WKҫQ WѭӧQJ ҧR /Ĉ

6ӵ OӵD FKӑQ ÿѭӡQJ ÿL FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKR 9LӋW 1DP Yu Yұ\ Oj

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 255

FKӑQ OӵD EҩW WRjQ Qy Fy WKӇ JLjQK ÿѭӧF ÿӝF OұS FKR GkQ WӝF TXD FiF
KuQK WKӭF ÿҩX WUDQK EҥR OӵF QKҩW Oj FKLӃQ WUDQK QKѭQJ ÿm WKҩW EҥL WRjQ
GLӋQ WURQJ [k\ GӵQJ KRj EuQK ĈLӅX Qj\ ÿm ÿѭӧF FKӭQJ WKӵF UҩW KLӇQ
QKLrQ TXD KѫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ WKӵF KjQK .K{QJ WKӇ FRL ÿy Oj ³FiL FҭP QDQJ
WKҫQ NǤ´ ÿӇ ÿѭD QKkQ GkQ ÿӃQ F}L KҥQK SK~F QJKuQ QăP &NJQJ NK{QJ
WKӇ QyL EӯD UҵQJ WD SKҧL ÿL WKHR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD Yu ³QKkQ
GkQ WD ÿm FKӑQ´ 1KkQ GkQ WD FKҷQJ ELӃW Ju YӅ FKӫ QJKƭD Qj\ FKӫ QJKƭD
Qӑ ÿӇ FKӑQ 5ҩW QKLӅX QJѭӡL FKӍ ÿһW OzQJ WLQ YjR %iF +ӗ QKѭQJ Vӵ
FKӑQ OӵD FӫD %iF +ӗ OҥL FKҷQJ WKӇ JӑL ÿѭӧF Oj NKX{Q YjQJ WKѭӟF QJӑF

1KuQ OҥL PӑL YLӋF ÿm [ҧ\ PӝW FiFK EuQK WkP FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ Vӵ FKӑQ
OӵD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm Eӏ TX\ ÿӏQK EӣL FiL WҥQJ YăQ KRi VDX ÿk\ FӫD {QJ

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW QJѭӡL UҩW WKӵF WӃ 7K~F ÿҭ\ EӣL YҩQ ÿӅ EӭF [~F
FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF Oj ÿӝF OұS {QJ QKұQ WKҩ\ Vӵ KӭD KҽQ FӫD ĈӋ 7DP 4XӕF WӃ
Oj U} UӋW Yj UҩW WULӋW ÿӇ NKiF KҷQ YӟL QKӳQJ WKӃ OӵF NKiF 0ӻ 1KұW QrQ
ÿm FKҩS QKұQ ĈӕL YӟL {QJ FKӫ QJKƭD /HQLQ WKӵF WӃ O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ ÿӗQJ
QJKƭD YӟL JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF Oj YҩQ ÿӅ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKҩW FӫD 9LӋW 1DP
&iL WҥQJ WKӵF WӃ ҩ\ VDX Qj\ ÿm ELӇX KLӋQ WURQJ YLӋF OmQK ÿҥR FӫD {QJ ÿӕL
YӟL PӑL F{QJ YLӋF QyL QăQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ EDR JLӡ FNJQJ Fӕ WUiQK QKӳQJ
FiL FDR [D WUӯX WѭӧQJ

ÐQJ FNJQJ OҥL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL QKLӅX WuQK FҧP Yj Oê WѭӣQJ ĈӑF /HQLQ
WKҩ\ JmL ÿ~QJ ѭX Wѭ FӫD PuQK {QJ ÿm NKyF OrQ Yu YXL VѭӟQJ Yj WLQ
QJD\ 6DX Qj\ WuP KLӇX WKrP WKҩ\ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ KӭD KҽQ FKҩP GӭW
QKӳQJ NKӕQ NKә FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ODR ÿӝQJ Eӏ iS EӭF {QJ FjQJ WLQ KѫQ
.KiW YӑQJ ÿӝF OұS FKR GkQ WӝF FӫD {QJ FNJQJ JҳQ OLӅQ YӟL PRQJ PӓL ÿҩX
WUDQK FKR PӝW [m KӝL F{QJ EҵQJ QKkQ ÿҥR

&NJQJ FKtQK Yu Yұ\ Pj yF WKӵF WӃ FӫD {QJ NK{QJ WUӣ WKjQK yF
WKӵF GөQJ WҫP WKѭӡQJ. ÐQJ FKӑQ /HQLQ Yu FRQ ÿѭӡQJ JLҧL SKyQJ
ÿҩW QѭӟF Pj FzQ Yu QKX FҫX Fy PӝW QJѭӡL WKҫ\ QJѭӡL FKD WLQK WKҫQ
WKHR NLӇX SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ ÿӇ WKӡ SKөQJ W{Q NtQK

7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ QKӳQJ WKXӝF WtQK WUrQ ÿk\ ÿӅX ÿm ELӇX KLӋQ WURQJ Vӵ
FKӑQ OӵD QyL WUrQ YӟL QKӳQJ ѭX Yj QKӳQJ QKѭӧF ÿLӇP FӫD Qy 1KӳQJ
QJѭӡL WKҫQ SKөF {QJ FKӍ QyL ÿӃQ QKӳQJ FiL ѭX QKѭQJ NK{QJ KӅ GiP
QyL ÿӃQ QKӳQJ FiL QKѭӧF TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD {QJ VDX ÿk\ TXi YӝL YjQJ
NK{QJ VX\ [pW FҭQ WKұQ FiL WUt NK{QJ WKHR NӏS FiL WkP WUXQJ WKjQK
P TXiQJ YӟL Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD EDQ ÿҫX NK{QJ KӑF ÿѭӧF WLQK WKҫQ SKҧQ WӍQK
ÿӇ FDQ ÿҧP QKuQ OҥL WRjQ GLӋQ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ ÿm ÿL PӡL ÿӑF WKRiQJ TXD
WD Fy FҧP WѭӣQJ QKѭ /ӳ 3KXѫQJ NKHQ QJӧL +&0 Fy OӵD FKӑQ ÿ~QJ Yu
/pQLQ ÿӅ UD F{QJ FXӝF *LҧL 3KyQJ 'kQ 7ӝF KӧS YӟL +&0 QKѭQJ TXD
ÿRҥQ VDX WKu /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ QrX U} Vӵ OӵD FKӑQ FӫD +&0 WKHR /pQLQ Oj P

256 LONG ĐIỀN

TXiQJ NK{QJ Fy WUiFK QKLӋP YӟL WRjQ GkQ WӝF 91
1KӳQJ FiL ѭX FӫD {QJ ÿm EӝF Oӝ WURQJ WKӡL KRҥW ÿӝQJ Et PұW NKL

FzQ SKҧL VӕQJ WURQJ GkQ Yj SKҧL QKӡ GkQ FKH FKӣ 7tQK FKҩW WURQJ VҥFK
Oê WѭӣQJ ELӃW K\ VLQK Yu QJKƭD OӟQ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ WKHR FRQ
ÿѭӡQJ FӫD {QJ KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ SKҧL FKӍ Oj FKX\ӋQ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ &NJQJ
QKӡ WKiL ÿӝ ҩ\ Pj ĈҧQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿD Vӕ Q{QJ GkQ ӫQJ Kӝ JyS VLQK PҥQJ
Yj WjL VҧQ FKR FXӝF WUDQK ÿҩX FKXQJ

9LӋF FKLӃQ WKҳQJ QKLӅX ÿӃ TXӕF KQJ PҥQK ÿm WӯQJ ÿӃQ WKӕQJ WUӏ
9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ ÿѫQ WKXҫQ FKӍ Oj YҩQ ÿӅ WKӫ ÿRҥQ FKLӃQ WKXұW 7Uên
QKLӅX PһW ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ KѫQ KҷQ QKӳQJ OӵF OѭӧQJ FKtQK WUӏ \rX QѭӟF
NKiF 7URQJ WKӡL NǤ Eӏ OӋ WKXӝF QJѭӡL GkQ Fy QKuQ YjR {QJ QKѭ Nҿ ³FӭX
ÿӝ´ WKu FNJQJ NK{QJ Fy Ju ÿiQJ QJҥF QKLrQ ĈӑF ÿRҥQ Qҫ\ FK~QJ WD WKҩ\
ÿѭӧF Vӵ KҥQ FKӃ WURQJ VX\ Wѭ FӫD /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ WҥL VDR /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ NK{QJ
ÿiQK JLi WRjQ Eӝ F{QJ FXӝF &0 WҥL 91 Oj ÿӇ ÿҥW PөF WLrX Ju" *LҧL
SKyQJ 'kQ 7ӝF WKRiW NKӓL iFK WKӵF GkQ ÿӇ WRjQ GkQ VӕQJ WURQJ PӝW FKӃ
ÿӝ UD VDR" &y NKi KѫQ Fy GkQ FKӫ KѫQ FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF GkQ NLD NK{ng? Hay
Oj VDX ÿy GkQ WӝF WD OҥL FzQ Eӏ ÿjQ iS NKӕQJ FKӃ YӅ 'kQ &Kӫ 7ӵ 'R
FzQ KѫQ WKӡL 3KiS WKXӝF Oj QJKƭD OjP VDR" 6DX PӝW WKӡL JLDQ GjL FKLӃQ
WKҳQJ 3KiS GkQ WD ÿm ÿiQK ÿәL Vӵ ĈӝF /ұS EҵQJ Eӏ NKӕQJ FKӃ 7ӵ 'R
'kQ &Kӫ 1KkQ 4X\ӅQ PӝW FiFK WUҫP WUӑQJ WKu FiL JLi ÿy TXi ÿҳW Yà ai
FKR SKpS ÿҧQJ &691 Fy TX\ӅQ iS ÿһW QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ QJѭӡL GkQ 91 là
KRj EuQK Yj WKӏQK YѭӧQJ FKӍ Oj WKӭ \ӃX VR YӟL YLӋF SKөF Yө FKR 9{ 6ҧQ
WRjQ WKӃ JLӟL FӫD &6 4XӕF 7Ӄ /Ĉ

1KӳQJ QKѭӧF ÿLӇP FӫD Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD FӫD {QJ ÿm EӝF Oӝ WKұW U} UӋt
WURQJ WKӡL [k\ GӵQJ KRj EuQK ĈҩX Wӕ FҧL FiFK SKi KRҥL ÿӃQ WұQ QӅQ
tҧQJ ÿҥR Oê GkQ WӝF +ӧS WiF KRi SKҧQ EӝL Q{QJ GkQ YӅ UXӝQJ ÿҩW
&KӍQK KXҩQ EѫP PiX ÿHQ YjR Fѫ WKӇ ĈҧQJ 7UҩQ iS FKj ÿҥS WUt WKӭF
YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ SKҧQ EӝL OӡL KӭD YӅ Wӵ GR YăQ KRi .KRiF OiF YӅ FiL JӑL Oà
³GkQ FKӫ JҩS WULӋX OҫQ´ QKѭQJ OҥL ÿq ÿҫX FѭӥL Fә QKkQ GkQ PӝW FiFK
UҩW Wӵ QKLrQ QKѭ QKӳQJ FѭӡQJ KjR /jP PҩW KRjQ WRjQ ÿӝQJ OӵF YӅ SKiW
WULӇQ NLQK WӃ TXD FKӫ WUѭѫQJ QKj QѭӟF KRi WRjQ Eӝ KRҥW ÿӝQJ VҧQ [XҩW
Nói chung: giam hãm dân tӝF WURQJ FiL DR W FKX\rQ TX\ӅQ ÿӝF ÿRiQ
OҥF KұX QJKqR QjQ ĈRҥQ WyP OѭӧF FӫD /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ WUrQ ÿk\ WKұW Oj ÿҫ\
ÿӫ Yj V~F WtFK OӡL NӃW Wӝ ÿҧQJ &691 KQJ KӗQ Yj ÿҫ\ ÿӫ QKҩW /Ĉ

1KӳQJ VDL OҫP WUrQ ÿk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QKӳQJ ³WӗQ WҥL´ KRһF QKӳQJ
³NKX\ӃW ÿLӇP´ QKѭ ĈҧQJ ÿm JLҧL WKtFK &K~QJ QҵP QJD\ WURQJ Vӵ FKӑQ
OӵD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ± KӧS QKҩW TXi YӝL YjQJ JLӳD KDL YҩQ ÿӅ KRàn toàn
NKiF QKDX YӅ EҧQ FKҩW JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF Yj FiFK PҥQJ [m KӝL

&KkQ GpS OӕS Pj ÿL YjR YNJ WUө 0ӝW ErQ Oj GpS OӕS PӝW ErQ Oj YNJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 257

WUө YӟL GpS OӕS WKu NK{QJ WKӇ ÿL YjR YNJ WUө ÿѭӧF QKѭQJ WD Fӭ ³WKӯD
WKҳQJ [ӕF WӟL´ Yu Yұ\ Pj EDR QKLrX ÿLӅX WjQ WӋ ÿm [ҧ\ UD &iL ê WKӭF
KӋ PiF[tW OrQLQtW Pj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK JKpS YjR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF FӫD {QJ
³Wӯ FKӫ QJKƭD \rX QѭӟF ÿӃQ FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL´ ÿm EӝF Oӝ KӃW WKӵF FKҩW
NK{QJ WѭӣQJ Yj EҩW OӵF FӫD Qy 7UXQJ WKjQK P TXiQJ FăQ,Fӭ YjR ÿy
EXӝF WKӵF WӃ SKҧL XӕQ WKHR ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm ELHQ Vӵ FKӑQ
OӵD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WKjQK YұW FҧQ ÿѭӡQJ FKR Vӵ SKiW WULӇQ Wӵ QKLên
FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF 6ӵ NӃW WK~F FӫD /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ Yj QJҳQ JӑQ ³7UXQJ
WKjQK P TXiQJ Oj YұW FҧQ ÿѭӡQJ FKR Vӵ SKiW WULӇQ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF´ /Ĉ

7ѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Fy KD\ NK{QJ Fy 7ѭ 7ѭӣQJ +&0"
6ӵ WKҩW EҥL FӫD P{ KuQK /rQLQtW YӅ SKiW WULӇQ FKR QKӳQJ QѭӟF QJKèo
QjQ OҥF KұX Oj TXi U} UjQJ 'R Vӵ WK~F pS FӫD KjQJ ORҥW QKӳQJ QKkQ Wӕ
WURQJ Yj QJRjL QѭӟF QKҩW Oj Vӵ VөS ÿә FӫD /LrQ ;{ Yj Ĉ{QJ ÆX ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP SKҧL FKҩS QKұQ ÿLӅX FKӍQK ÿѭӡQJ ÿL FKX\ӇQ QӅQ
NLQK WӃ ³EDR FҩS PӋQK OӋQK´ KҷQ VDQJ NLQK WӃ WKӏ WUѭӡQJ Pӣ FӱD Oàm
ăQ YӟL WKӃ JLӟL Wѭ EҧQ .KiL QLӋP ³Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ ÿm UD ÿӡL
WURQJ WuQK KuQK ÿy QKѭ PӝW WKtFK ӭQJ
1KѭQJ [pW Nӻ WKu ÿk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj ViQJ NLӃQ KD\ KR Ju OҳP +ӗL
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK FzQ VӕQJ {QJ ÿm WUҧ OӡL QKLӅX QJѭӡL UҵQJ {QJ NK{QJ Fy Wѭ
WѭӣQJ Ju Fҧ 1ӃX Fy PӝW QJѭӡL [ӭQJ ÿiQJ ӣ È FKkX Qj\ WKu ÿy FKtQK Oj
0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ FKtQK Yu Yұ\ Pj ĈLӅX OӋ ĈҧQJ ĈҥL KӝL ,, ÿm JKL FKӫ
QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ Wѭ WѭӣQJ 0DR WUҥFK Ĉ{QJ SKRQJ FiFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
ĈӕL YӟL {QJ NKL FKӑQ FKӫ QJKƭD /HQLQ UӗL ÿy ÿm Oj WҩW Fҧ Oà cái
³FҭP QDQJ WKҫQ NǤ´ Fy WKӇ JLҧL TX\ӃW ÿѭӧF PӑL FKX\ӋQ WUrQ ÿӡL FKҷQJ
FҫQ SKҧL QKӑF F{QJ WuP NLӃP OjP Ju QӳD 1yL GR {QJ NKLrP WӕQ Fy OӁ
FKӍ PӝW SKҫQ FKtQK \ӃX Oj GR Fy yF WKӵF WӃ {QJ ELӃW UҵQJ Pình không
WKӇ QjR QҳP WyF PuQK ÿӇ Wӵ ÿѭD OrQ FDR ÿѭӧF *iQ FKR {QJ ÿLӅX {QJ
NK{QJ Fy Yj NK{QJ PXӕQ Fy QKӳQJ ÿӋ Wӱ FӫD {QJ FKӍ OjP FiL F{QJ YLӋF
OӧL GөQJ QKѭ Kӑ ÿm WӯQJ EҩW FKҩS GL FK~F FӫD {QJ NKL FKR ѭӟS [iF Yà
[k\ OăQJ FKR {QJ
6ӵ OӧL GөQJ ÿy FNJQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj ÿҳF ViFK OҳP 1y FKҷQJ Fy WiF
GөQJ OjP FKR FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ /HQLQ ÿѭӧF SKiW WULӇQ KD\ Eә VXQJ WKêm.
Ĉy FKӍ Oj PӝW EѭӟF OL ê WKӭF KӋ ÿL FQJ YӟL EѭӟF OL YӅ NLQK WӃ KRàn
WRjQ FKӍ Fy ê QJKƭD WKӵF GөQJ SKҧL WuP FiFK OjP GӏX ÿL QKӳQJ JLiR
ÿLӅX ÿm Eӏ WKӡL JLDQ FKӭQJ PLQK Oj NK{QJ WѭӣQJ EҩW OӵF VҳW PiX Pà
DL FNJQJ ELӃW QKѭ F{QJ KӳX YӅ Wѭ OLӋX VҧQ [XҩW FKӫ QJKƭD WұS WKӇ ÿҩX
WUDQK JLDL FҩS FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ TXӕF WӃ Y{ VҧQ Y Y 9à trong khi
Qp WUiQK EӟW QKӳQJ NKiL QLӋP ÿm PҩW JLi ҩ\ WKu PӝW Vӕ WKXӝF WtQK NKiF
ÿm ÿѭӧF QKҩQ PҥQK KѫQ ӗQ jR KѫQ QjR Oj \rX QѭӟF WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ ÿӝF

258 LONG ĐIỀN

OұS Wӵ FKӫ QjR Oj QKkQ iL WKkQ GkQ KRj KӧS WRjQ Oj QKӳQJ VҧQ SKҭP
SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ Yj QӝL ÿӏD PӅP PҥL GӏX GjQJ NK{QJ Fy Ju Oj QJRҥL ODL
NKҳF QJKLӋW Fҧ

&iL WKӫ ÿRҥQ WKDR WiF Oê Vӵ ӣ ÿk\ FNJQJ TXi Uõ ràng: trong hai thành
SKҫQ ÿѭӧF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NӃW KӧS OҥL WURQJ Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD FӫD PuQK ± FKӫ
QJKƭD GkQ WӝF Yj FKӫ QJKƭD TXӕF WӃ Y{ VҧQ ± WKu WKjQK SKҫQ WKӭ QKҩW ÿã
ÿѭӧF ÿѭD OrQ KjQJ FKtQK GLӋQ ÿӇ OjP OX Pӡ EӟW WKjQK SKҫQ WKӭ KDL ÿL

1KӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy ê KѭӟQJ FҧL FiFK WURQJ ĈҧQJ ÿm QKұQ UD WKӫ ÿRҥQ
Qj\ +ӑ ÿm FKӍ UD ÿѭӧF FiL PѭX WtQK WKӵF Vӵ FӫD QKӳQJ QKj ê WKӭF KӋ
FKtQK WKӕQJ PLӋQJ QyL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ YүQ NK{QJ
NKiF Ju 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ FKX\rQ FKӃ NKҳF QJKLӋW JLҧ GӕL
[ҧR TX\ӋW 6ӵ FKӍ WUtFK NK{QJ SKҧL Oj Y{ FăQ Fӭ ĈҧQJ FKӍ GQJ +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK QKѭ FiL EXQJ [XQJ FKӭ FKҷQJ Fy WKұW OzQJ Ju Fҧ 7KHR QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL FҧL FiFK WKu WKұW OzQJ Oj SKҧL WKD\ ÿәL WULӋW ÿӇ SKѭѫQJ WKӭF Oãnh
ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ SKҧL Wӯ Eӓ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL QӱD YӡL NKұS NKLӉQJ Wӯ Eӓ KҷQ
FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ Yj WKӵF KLӋQ GkQ FKӫ FKR WѭѫQJ [ӭQJ YӟL FKính
ViFK Pӣ FӱD Yj NLQK WӃ WKӏ WUѭӡQJ &KӍ YӟL ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FҧL FiFK WULӋW
ÿӇ ҩ\ ĈҧQJ PӟL WҥR UD QKӳQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ WtFK FӵF ÿӇ NKҳF SKөF QKӳQJ
UXӛQJ QiW QӝL WҥL WK~F ÿҭ\ ÿҩW QѭӟF SKiW WULӇQ QKDQK FKyQJ &NJQJ WKHR
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FҧL FiFK WKu Vӵ WKD\ ÿәL ҩ\ NK{QJ QҵP ӣ ÿkX NKiF QJRài
Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿtFK WKӵF 7URQJ KuQK GXQJ FӫD Kӑ WKӵF FKҩW
FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj SKL 6WDOLQ Yj SKL 0DR ± PӝW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKkQ
ÿҥR GkQ FKӫ

' FKR Fy ӫQJ Kӝ FҧL FiFK FK~QJ WD WKұW NKy OzQJ Pj WuP ÿѭӧF
Vӵ NKiFK TXDQ WURQJ FiFK OұS OXұQ WUrQ ÿk\ QӃX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӕL YӟL
QKӳQJ QKj ê WKӭF KӋ FKtQK WKӕQJ FKӍ Oj PӝW KuQK ҧQK JLҧ WKu ÿӕL YӟL
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FҧL FiFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ NK{QJ WKұW Oj EDR QKLrX 6ӵ
NKiF QKDX JLӳD KDL TXDQ ÿLӇP FKӍ Oj Vӵ NKiF QKDX YӅ FiFK NKDL WKiF
KDL NKtD FҥQK WURQJ Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PӝW ErQ QJKLrQJ YӅ
SKҫQ TXӕF WӃ Yj Y{ VҧQ PӝW ErQ OҥL QJKLrQJ YӅ SKҫQ TXӕF QӝL Yà dân
WӝF PӝW ErQ QJKLrQJ YӅ SKҫQ ³FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ´ WKu ErQ NLD OҥL
PXӕQ ORҥL Eӓ Qy &ҧ KDL ÿӅX OjP ELӃQ GҥQJ ÿL PӝW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿtFK
WKӵF PӝW QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP \rX QѭӟF QKѭQJ FNJQJ Oj PӝW QJѭӡL 9LӋW
1DP \rX QѭӟF WKHR SKѭѫQJ WKӭF FӫD /HQLQ PӝW QJѭӡL ÿm ÿHP OҥL FKR
ÿҩW QѭӟF Vӵ Wӵ FKӫ Yj WKӕQJ QKҩW QKѭQJ FNJQJ OҥL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL ÿã cho du
QKұS YjR ÿҩW QѭӟF PӝW KӑF WKX\ӃW QJRҥL ODL Pj WiF KҥL FӫD nó còn kéo
GjL FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ QD\ FKѭD Jӥ Eӓ ÿѭӧF /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ Fy QKұQ ÿӏQK ELӋW
OұS Yj PӟL Oҥ QKѭQJ OҥL Oj FiL QKuQ WUXQJ WKӵF QKҩW YӅ F{QJ Yj WӝL FӫD
+&0 F{QJ WKu tW Pj WӝL WKu QKLӅX Yj NpR GjL GDL GҷQJ GkQ WӝF 91 SKҧL
JiQK FKӏX GR ÿy Kӑ Fy TX\ӅQ OrQ iQ +&0 Yj WD\ VDL /Ĉ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 259

&y WKӇ FKR UҵQJ OұS OXұQ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FҧL FiFK FKӍ Oj PӝW FiFK
WUuQK Ej\ PDQJ WtQK FKҩW Nӻ WKXұW WUDQK ÿҩX WURQJ KRjQ FҧQK NK{QJ Fy
Wӵ GR Wѭ WѭӣQJ Yj QӃX QKѭ Yұ\ WKu Fy OӁ VӁ NK{QJ FҫQ EjQ OXұQ WKêm.
1KѭQJ QӃX WURQJ FK~QJ WD Fy DL WKjQK WKұW WLQ UҵQJ YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ҩ\
ÿҩW QѭӟF VӁ EѭӟF YjR ÿѭӧF PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ GkQ FKӫ KLӇX WKHR QJKƭD KLӋQ
ÿҥL WKu FKҳF FKҳQ VӁ Fy NK{QJ tW QJѭӡL OrQ WLӃQJ Ej\ Wӓ Vӵ QJKL QJӡ JLҧ
Vӱ QKѭ Fy JҥW ÿL KӃW WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ SKҫQ QJRҥL ODL ҧR WѭӣQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt
0LQK YӅ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ WLӃQ OrQ ³FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL´ WKHR NLӇX /HQLQ WKu +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK YүQ NK{QJ WKӇ Oj QJӑQ Fӡ GkQ FKӫ ÿѭӧF

é NLӃQ Qj\ WKұW ÿiQJ VX\ QJKƭ 0һF G +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Fy QyL QKLӅX
ÿӃQ GkQ FKӫ QKѭQJ TXDQ QLӋP FӫD {QJ YүQ UҩW [D Oҥ YӟL FiL QӝL GXQJ
Pj WKӡL KLӋQ ÿҥL ÿm VҧQ VLQK UD Qy ÿһF ELӋW Oj FiL WtQK FKҩW JLDR ѭӟF WUҫQ
WөF FӫD Vӵ SKkQ FKLD Yj NLӇP VRiW TX\ӅQ OӵF FăQ Fӭ YjR ÿy Wә FKӭF Yà
TXҧQ Oê ÿӡL VӕQJ F{QJ FӝQJ ÐQJ NK{QJ ELӃW Ju ÿӃQ WtQK FKҩW ÿӝF OұS
FӫD [m KӝL F{QJ GkQ ÿӕL YӟL QKj QѭӟF Yj {QJ FNJQJ NK{QJ KLӇX WtQK FKҩW
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK OjP QrQ QKj QѭӟF KLӋQ ÿҥL Oj QKj QѭӟF SKL WKLrQ PӋQK QKà
QѭӟF VLQK UD Wӯ SKiS OXұW Yj WӗQ WҥL EҵQJ SKiS OXұW

4XDQ QLӋP FӫD {QJ YӅ PӕL WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD QKj QѭӟF Yà nhân dân
YүQ Oj TXDQ QLӋP FӫD 1KR JLiR Oê WѭӣQJ FiL ORҥL QKkQ GkQ mà ông yêu
PӃQ YүQ FKӍ Oj ORҥL ³[tFK Wӱ´ FҫQ SKҧL ÿѭӧF Gҥ\ Gӛ YӅ OXұW WUӡL Yà phép
QѭӟF ÿӗQJ WKӡL OҥL SKҧL ELӃW OR FKR Kӑ YӅ QKӳQJ FKX\ӋQ ³WѭѫQJ Fj PҳP
PXӕL´ ÿӇ VӕQJ WURQJ \rQ әQ FzQ QKj QѭӟF WKHR TXDQ QLӋP FӫD {QJ YүQ
FKӍ Oj WKӭ QKj QѭӟF FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL KLӅQ QKӳQJ EұF PLQK TXkQ NLӇX
YXD 1JKLrX YXD 7KXҩQ ÿӡL [ѭD 1KӳQJ Ju {QJ QyL YӅ ³SKiS FKӃ [m KӝL
FKӫ QJKƭD´ KRһF ³FiQ Eӝ Oj ÿҫ\ Wӟ FӫD QKkQ GkQ´ FNJQJ ÿӅX GӵD WUrQ Fѫ
Vӣ ҩ\ &K~QJ FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ ê ÿӏQK WӕW FӫD QKӳQJ ÿҩQJ QKӳQJ EұF EӅ
WUrQ 5} UjQJ +&0 Fy PӝW WҫP QKuQ WKҩS YӅ 'kQ &Kӫ Yj 7ӵ 'R 'kQ
FKӫ 7ӵ 'R Oj TX\ӅQ FӫD WRjQ GkQ SKҧL Fy FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL GR +&0 KD\
ÿҧQJ EDQ SKiW 4X\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ Yj [m KӝL GkQ Vӵ ÿѭӧF +&0 KLӇX PӝW
FiFK P Pӡ ҩX WUӍ VR YӟL WKӡL ÿҥL WKӃ Nӹ /Ĉ

6ӣ Gƭ {QJ FKӑQ FKӫ QJKƭD /HQLQ PӝW FiFK YӝL Ym Yj Y{ ÿLӅX NLӋQ
QKѭ WD ÿm ELӃW Fy OӁ Oj GR {QJ ÿm WUӵF JLiF ÿѭӧF WtQK FKҩW ³ErQ WUrQ´ FӫD
FiFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ OrQLQtW WURQJ YLӋF OjP OҥL QѭӟF 1JD YӟL QKӳQJ WjQ Gѭ
QһQJ QӅ FӫD WKӡL WUXQJ Fә /j QJѭӡL GkQ FKӫ KLӇX U} KӑF WKX\ӃW 0DU[
QKѭQJ WuQK WKӃ ÿm EXӝF /HQLQ OjP QJѭӧF OҥL WҩW Fҧ QKѭQJ Jì mà Marx
ÿm KuQK GXQJ UD FKR [m KӝL WѭѫQJ ODL WKD\ Yu ÿӇ FKR JLDL FҩS Y{ VҧQ Wӵ
PuQK WUӣ WKjQK QKj QѭӟF QKѭ WURQJ &{QJ [m 3DULV WKu QKj QѭӟF ;{
9LӃW OҥL SKҧL ÿҧP ÿѭѫQJ F{QJ YLӋF JLiR GөF Yj Wә FKӭF OҥL FiL JLDL FҩS
Y{ VҧQ ÿm WDQ WiF Yj PҩW KӃW WtQK FKҩW WLӅQ SKRQJ VDX FiFK PҥQJ Yj QӝL
FKLӃQ 'ӵ ÿӏQK NKӣL ÿҫX Oj PӝW OƭQK Wө GkQ FKӫ Y{ VҧQ YѭӧW [D QӅQ GkQ

260 LONG ĐIỀN

FKӫ Wѭ VҧQ ³KjQJ WULӋX OҫQ´ FXӕL FQJ /HQLQ WKӯD QKұQ ÿm SKҧL WKHR

JѭѫQJ FӫD PӝW {QJ YXD FӫD WKӃ Nӹ ± 3LHUUH ĈҥL ÿӃ ± F{QJ NKDL GQJ

ÿӝF WjL ÿӇ FKӕQJ OҥL Gm PDQ OҥF KұX
&ҧP QKұQ FӫD /HQLQ YӅ Vӵ NK{QJ ăQ NKӟS JLӳD FKӫ QJKƭD 0DU[ KұX

KLӋQ ÿҥL Yj QѭӟF 1JD WLӅQ KLӋQ ÿҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ KӅ
ELӃW ÿӃQ {QJ FKӍ WKҩ\ WURQJ QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ ÿӝF WjL FӫD /HQLQ WUiFK
QKLӋP Wӵ QKLrQ FӫD QKӳQJ PLQK TXkQ WKӡL WUѭӟF QD\ ÿѭӧF KLӋQ ÿҥL KRi
TXD NKiL QLӋP FKX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ FӫD ĈҧQJ & •QJ VҧQ ÿy Oj PӝW QӅQ
FKX\rQ FKӃ QKkQ ÿӭF Yj FiFK PҥQJ PӝW QӅQ FKX\rQ FKtQK Yu QKkQ GkQ
FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FiL Ju NKiF &iL O{ JtFK FӫD YҩQ ÿӅ ӣ ÿk\ YүQ Oj FiL
OzQJ WӕW Wӯ WUrQ EDQ [XӕQJ 0XӕQ ÿѭӧF JLҧL SKyQJ PXӕQ Fy TX\ӅQ OӵF
QKkQ GkQ SKҧL KӃW OzQJ ÿL WKHR ĈҧQJ ĈҥL ELӇX FKR TX\ӅQ OӧL OkX GjL FӫD
QKkQ GkQ ĈҧQJ ÿѭӧF SKpS OjP WҩW Fҧ ÿӇ WҥR GӵQJ QrQ FXӝF ÿӡL PӟL FKR
Kӑ 6ӵ FKX\rQ FKtQK FӫD ĈҧQJ Oj Vӵ FKX\rQ FKtQK FӫD ÿiP ÿ{QJ FӫD
FKtQK QJKƭD FӫD NKRD KӑF FӫD FKkQ Oê FӫD FiFK PҥQJ 9u Yұ\ SKҧL WұS
WUXQJ TX\ӅQ OӵF YjR ĈҧQJ PӝW FiFK WX\ӋW ÿӕL Yj YƭQK YLӉQ NK{QJ FKLD
YӟL EҩW DL NK{QJ QKkQ QKѭӧQJ YӟL DL PӝW PҭX [iF WtQ QjR YӅ FKkQ Oê
DL Fy ê ÿL QJѭӧF OҥL WKu FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ Oê OӁ FӫD EӑQ WK ÿӏFK YӟL QKkQ GkQ
FҫQ SKҧL WKҷQJ WD\ WUӯQJ WUӏ ĈӭQJ YӅ PӝW JyF FҥQK ÿҧQJ YLrQ ÿҧQJ
&691 OӡL QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ UҩW WUXQJ WKӵF Yj EӝF EҥFK ĈҧQJ
&691 ÿm Wӵ SKRQJ FKR PuQK Oj Nҿ Fy F{QJ Fy TX\ӅQ Yj NK{QJ KӅ Fy ê
ÿӏQK SKkQ FKLD TX\ӅQ OӵF FKR EҩW NǤ DL /Ĉ

9ӟL PӝW TXDQ QLӋP YӅ TX\ӅQ OӵF VҳW WKpS QKѭ Yұ\ /HQLQ ÿm GӑQ
ÿѭӡQJ FKR 6WDOLQ YҳW FҥQ VӭF OӵF FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ ÿӇ QKDQK FKyQJ ÿѭD
QѭӟF 1JD YjR FRQ ÿѭӡQJ F{QJ QJKLӋS KRi FzQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FQJ YӟL
ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿm WtFK Wө ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ K\ VLQK Y{ KҥQ FӫD QKkQ GkQ ÿӇ
ÿiQK EҥL QKLӅX WKӃ OӵF [kP OѭӧF KXQJ KmQ JLjQK OҥL ÿӝF OұS WKӕQJ QKҩW
FKR 9LӋW 1DP 1KѭQJ FzQ YӅ GkQ FKӫ FQJ YӟL EDR QKLrX WKӭ NKiF QӳD
Pj FiF ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ ÿm KӭD VӁ ÿHP OҥL FKR QKkQ GkQ WUѭӟF ÿk\ QKѭ
EuQK ÿҷQJ Wӵ GR ,KҥQK SK~F Y Y ; WҩW Fҧ ÿӅX YүQ FKӍ Oj QKӳQJ OӡL KӭD
Yj WӋ KѫQ YH VDX Qj\ ÿm ELӃQ WKjQK QKӳQJ OӡL GӕL WUi ÿѫQ WKXҫQ
³&KX\rQ FKtQK Y{ VҧQ´ ³FKX\rQ FKtQK QKkQ GkQ´ Ek\ JLӡ ÿm WUӣ WKjQK
FKX\rQ FKtQK YӟL JLDL FҩS Y{ VҧQ FKX\rQ FKtQK YӟL QKkQ GkQ +LӋQ
WѭӧQJ VX\ WKRiL Qj\ YjR FXӕL ÿӡL PuQK /HQLQ ÿm Pѫ Kӗ QKұQ UD QKѭ
PӝW EL NӏFK QKѭQJ ӣ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PӑL YLӋF GѭӡQJ QKѭ ÿm rP [X{L
QKѭ YiQ ÿm ÿyQJ WKX\ӅQ Fӭ WKӃ OѭӟW VyQJ Pj ÿL Wӯ Ek\ JLӡ FKR ÿӃQ Fҧ
PX{Q ÿӡL FRQ FKiX PDL VDX

%jL KӑF FӫD QJѭӡL DQK KQJ
*ҫQ PӝW WKӃ Nӹ ÿm TXD FQJ YӟL QKӳQJ ELӃQ FKX\ӇQ OӟQ ODR WUrQ
WKӃ JLӟL Yj ÿҩW QѭӟF KuQK ҧQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӕL YӟL GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 261

ÿã không còn nhѭ xѭa nӳa. Tính chҩt lý tѭӣng, cao vӡi mà Ĉҧng Cӝng
sҧn ÿã cӕ sӭc tô vӁ cho mӝt Hӗ Chí Minh thҫn thánh ÿã không chӕng
ÿӥ nәi cho nhӳng sӵ viӋc tҫm thѭӡng, sai lҫm cӫa mӝt Hӗ Chí Minh
thӵc tӃ: càng cӕ thҫn thánh hoá ông bao nhiêu lҥi càng gây ra tác dөng
ngѭӧc lҥi bҩy nhiêu. Thoҧ ÿáng nhҩt là nhìn ông vӟi nhӳng gì ông có,
mӝt cách hiӋn thӵc.

Mһc dù tên tuәi cӫa Hӗ Chí Minh gҳn liӅn vӟi nhӳng gì làm nên
cái gӑi là “Cӝng hoà Xã hӝi Chӫ nghƭa ViӋt Nam” ngày nay, thiӃt
nghƭ không nên ÿӗng hoá tên ông vӟi toàn bӝ chӃ ÿӝ. ThӃ giӟi ÿã có
nhӳng kinh nghiӋm tѭѫng tӵ. K. Marx không phҧi là không có liên
quan ÿӃn cái thӵc thӇ gӑi là “chӫ nghƭa xã hӝi” ӣ Liên Xô, nhѭng ÿә
mӑi sai lҫm cӫa Liên Xô lên ÿҫu K. Marx là hoàn toàn,không ÿúng.
Mӕi quan hӋ giӳa Lenin và Stalin cNJng có nhӳng ÿiӇm cҫn phân tích
theo chiӅu hѭӟng ÿó. Trѭӡng hӧp Hӗ Chí Minh ÿӕi vӟi chӃ ÿӝ chính trӏ
hiӋn tҥi ӣ ViӋt Nam có ÿһc biӋt hѫn nhѭng cNJng cҫn biӃt rҵng hình ҧnh
cӫa ông ÿã bӏ chӃ ÿӝ tô vӁ bҵng mӑi cách ÿӇ huyӉn hoһc quҫn chúng.
CNJng ÿӯng quên rҵng nhӳng gì làm nên ÿһc trѭng cӫa Hӗ Chí Minh là
vai trò cӫa ông trong thӡi kǤ chӕng ngoҥi xâm, mӝt giai ÿoҥn lӏch sӱ
rҩt ÿһc biӋt cӫa thӃ kӹ 20, giai ÿoҥn mà viӋc ÿҩu tranhgiành ÿӝc lұp
không thӇ tách rӡi viӋc chӑn lӵa mӝt ý thӭc hӋ. Cҫn chú ý ghi nhұn ÿһc
biӋt này: trong khi vҩn ÿӅ ÿӝc lұp là quá rõ ràng vӅ ý nghƭa thì vҩn ÿӅ ý
thӭc hӋ trong thӡi hiӋn ÿҥi lҥi chӭa ÿҫy cҥm bүy và phӭc tҥp.

Nhӳng cái hay cái dӣ không phҧi lúc nào cNJng hiӇn hiӋn ngay tӯ
ÿҫu. Nhӳng gì tҥm thӡi chѭa ÿѭӧc chҩp nhұn chѭa hҷn ÿã sai, nhӳng
gì mang ÿӃn thҳng lӧi chѭa hҷn ÿã là ÿúng. Hѫn nӳa, sӵ sai/ ÿúng cNJng
không phҧi lúc nào cNJng nhѭ nhau: ÿúng lúc này có thӇ sai lúc khác;
xem tҩt cҧ sӵ sai/ÿúng mӝt cách trӯu tѭӧng, bҩt dӏch rӗi căn cӭ vào ÿó
ÿӇ tâng bӕc quá trӟn hoһc kӃt án nghiӋt ngã – mӝt lҫn là xong – là quá
ÿѫn giҧn. Thái ÿӝ ҩy không thích hӧp cho nhӳng tiӃp cұn khách quan
vӅ lӏch sӱ.

Nhìn tәng thӇ vӅ thӃ kӹ 20, tôi cho rҵng Hӗ Chí Minh là mӝt anh
hùng lӟn cӫa ViӋt Nam trong thӡi kǤ chӕng các thӃ lӵc thӵc dân.
Nhӳng gì mà thӃ giӟi biӃt ÿӃn ViӋt Nam mӝt cách tích cӵc cho ÿӃn
nay vүn là sӵ kiӋn Hӗ Chí Minh ÿánh bҥi các thӃ lӵc xâm,lѭӧc hiӋn
ÿҥi, giành ÿѭӧc ÿӝc lұp cho dân tӝc. ThiӃt tѭӣng dù chính kien có khác
nhau nhѭ thӃ nào ÿi nӳa ngѭӡi ta cNJng không thӇ phӫ nhұn ÿѭӧc tính
chҩt hiӇn nhiên cӫa các sӵ kiӋn ҩy. Có thӇ vӟi nhiӅu ngѭӡi, ӣ nhӳng
nѫi nào ÿó, viӋc ÿánh nhau giành ÿӝc lұp ҩy thұt sӵ chҷng có gì quan
trӑng lҳm ÿӕi vӟi cuӝc sӕng, nhѭng ÿӕi vӟi ÿông ÿҧo nhӳng ngѭӡi ViӋt
Nam, tӯ xѭa cho ÿӃn nay, ÿiӅu ÿó lҥi là mӝt trong nhiӅu lý do ÿӇ sӕng,

262 LONG ĐIỀN

NK{QJ WKӇ FRL QKѭ NK{QJ Fy &KӍ PӝW ÿRҥQ Qҫ\ WK{L FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ U}
Wӯ PӝW OұS WUѭӡQJ JyF ÿӝ QKuQ Vӵ GLӇQ ELӃQ WKӡL FXӝF /ӳ 3KѭѫQJ FRQ
QJѭӡL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Yj FRQ QJѭӡL 4XӕF *LD NKiF QKDX QKѭ WKӃ QjR &{QJ
ODR JLҧL SKyQJ ÿҩW QѭӟF Oj FӫD WRjQ GkQ Vӵ K\ VLQK VLQK PҥQJ Yj WjL VҧQ
FӫD Kӑ WR OӟQ ÿѭӡQJ QjR ÿiQK ÿXәL ÿѭӧF WKӵF GkQ UӗL Kӑ &691
ÿkX WKӇ QjR FDL WUӏ Kj NKҳF KѫQ WKӡL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS NKL Kӑ ÿm SKҧQ EӝL
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1KѭQJ FNJQJ FKtQK Yu WuQK FҧP Yj WUiFK QKLӋP ҩ\ Pj NKL WyF ÿm EҥF UӗL
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WKӇ FӝW FKһW YұQ PӋQK ÿҩW QѭӟF YjR Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD EҩW WRjQ FӫD PӝW FRQ
QJѭӡL G ÿy Oj PӝW DQK KQJ 7ӕW QKҩW YүQ Oj JKL QKұQ WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ
FKX\ӋQ ÿ~QJ VDL FӫD {QJ PӝW FiFK EuQK WKҧQ K\ YӑQJ FKӍ Fy QKѭ WKӃ
PӟL U~W UD ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ EjL KӑF KӳX tFK FKR QKӳQJ WKӃ KӋ ÿL VDX

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0LQK Oj EjL KӑF ÿiQJ VX\ QJүP KѫQ Fҧ 7ҩW Fҧ ÿӅX Oj QKӳQJ ê ÿӏQK
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WӍQK WULӃW KӑF /j Vӵ FKӑQ OӵD YӝL YjQJ Wӯ ÿҫX Yj FNJQJ Oj Vӵ WUXQJ WKjQK
P TXiQJ YӅ VDX /ҫP ONJL ÿL WKHR {QJ JLҳW WKHR PuQK FiL JyL KjQK WUDQJ
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ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ FҫQ ÿѭӧF EҧR YӋ TX\ӃW OLӋW EҵQJ PӝW ÿӏQK FKӃ TX\ӅQ OӵF FNJQJ
Wӵ FKR Oj GX\ QKҩW ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ &ӭ QKuQ QKӳQJ GL VҧQ ÿӇ OҥL FӫD +&0
Yj ÿҧQJ &691 FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF 91 Oj QKӳQJ ÿiQK JLi ÿ~QJ QKҩW /Ĉ

7{L QJKƭ UҵQJ EjL KӑF ҩ\ NK{QJ FKӍ ÿiQJ VX\ QJүP FKR QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL [ѭQJ WөQJ {QJ Pj FzQ FKR Fҧ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FKӕQJ {QJ QӳD ´

7Kѭ 1Kj WKiQJ

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FӫD Vӱ JLD 7UҫQ *LD 3KөQJ

/Ӝ7 75Ҫ1 +8<ӄ1 7+2Ҥ, +Ӗ &+Ë 0,1+ * 6 7U̯Q *LD
PhͭQJ http://thangtien.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=vie
w&id=1288&Itemid=297

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CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 263

[X̭W E̫Q 6͹ WK̵W +j 1͡L +͛ &Kt 0LQK ³VLQK UD WURQJ P͡W JLD ÿình
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WKͱF ODR ÿ͡QJ Yj FKR K͕F W̵S ÿ͋ KL͋X ³ÿ̩R OjP QJ˱ͥL´ 6DX NKL ÿ͟ SKy
E̫QJ E͓ E͕Q WK͙QJ WU͓ WK~F pS QKL͉X O̯Q Fͭ UD OjP TXDQ QK˱QJ WK˱ͥQJ
W͗ WKiL ÿ͡ WLrX F͹F NK{QJ KͫS WiF YͣL FK~QJ &ͭ WK˱ͥQJ QyL ³4XDQ
WU˱ͥQJ WK͓ Q{ O͏ WUXQJ FKL Q{ O͏ K͹X Q{ O͏´ QJKƭD Oj ³4XDQ WU˱ͥQJ Oà
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\rX Q˱ͣF NK̫QJ NKiL Fͭ WK˱ͥQJ FK͙QJ ÿ͙L E͕Q TXDQ WUrQ Yj E͕Q WK͹F
dân Pháp, cho nên sau m͡W WKͥL JLDQ ṶW QJ̷Q Fͭ E͓ FK~QJ FiFK FKͱF
&ͭ YjR 1DP E͡ OjP QJK͉ WK̯\ WKX͙F V͙QJ FX͡F ÿͥL WKDQK E̩FK FKR
ÿ͇Q O~F Wͳ WU̯Q ´

ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF TXҧ WKұW ÿm ÿӛ SKy EҧQJ QăP WkQ VӱX
FQJ PӝW OҫQ YӟL 1JX\ӉQ çuQK +LӃQ 3KDn Chu Trinh.(2) Tuy nhiên,
NguyӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF NK{QJ KӅ Eӏ ³EӑQ WKӕQJ WUӏ WK~F pS QKLӅX OҫQ´ VDX NKL
ÿӛ SKy EҧQJ PӟL FKӏX UD OjP TXDQ ÐQJ 6ҳF ÿm [LQ ÿL OjP TXDQ QJD\
VDX NKL ÿӛ Fӱ QKkQ Yj WUѭӟF NKL ÿӛ SKy EҧQJ 1JX\rQ YjR QăP
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿӛ Fӱ QKkQ WҥL WUѭӡQJ WKL 1JKӋ $Q 1ăP VDX
{QJ 6ҳF YjR +XӃ WKL KӝL Eӏ KӓQJ ÿm [LQ ÿL OjP KjQK WҭX Eӝ +ӝ

%D QăP VDX {QJ KӓQJ NǤ WKL KӝL PӝW OҫQ QӳD YjR QăP 7UѭӟF
NKL Gӵ NǤ WKL KӝL QăP {QJ 6ҳF FzQ WKDP Gӵ KӝL ÿӗQJ JLiP NKҧR
FKҩP WKL NǤ WKL KѭѫQJ WҥL %uQK çӏQK QăP Yj 7KDQK +yD QăP
6DX NKL ÿӛ SKy EҧQJ WURQJ NǤ WKL KӝL Yj WKL ÿuQK QăP {QJ
OjP WKӯD ELӋQ Eӝ /Ӊ Wӯ ÿӃQ UӗL ÿL WUL KX\ӋQ %ình Khê (Bình
çӏQK WKiQJ QăP ÿy 7ӯ WKӯD ELӋQ ÿL WUL KX\ӋQ Oj WKăQJ FKӭF FKӭ
NK{QJ SKҧL [XӕQJ FKӭF

NguyӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF Eӏ VD WKҧL FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Eӏ FiFK FKӭF /ê
GR VD WKҧL FNJQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu ³YӕQ Fy WLQK WKҫQ \rX QѭӟF NKҧQJ NKiL
Fө WKѭӡQJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL EӑQ TXDQ WUrQ Yj EӑQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ³ ÐQJ Eӏ
VD WKҧL Yu ÿm KjQK [ӱ WjQ EҥR YӟL GkQ FK~QJ 7URQJ PӝW FѫQ VD\ UѭӧX
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿm GQJ URL Pk\ WUӯQJ SKҥW Yj ÿiQK FKӃW PӝW QJѭӡL
W YjR WKiQJ *LD ÿuQK QJѭӡL Qҫ\ NLӋQ OrQ FҩS WUrQ ' WUL KX\ӋQ
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿm FKӕL FmL UҵQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu WUұQ ÿzQ FӫD {QJ Pà
QJѭӡL NLD FKӃW {QJ YүQ Eӏ WULӅX ÿuQK UD VҳF FKӍ QJj\ SKҥW
ÿiQK WUѭӧQJ +uQK SKҥW Qҫ\ ÿѭӧF FKX\ӇQ ÿәL TXD Kҥ EӕQ FҩS TXDQ
OҥL Yj VD WKҧL /ê GR FKX\ӇQ ÿәL KuQK SKҥW ÿӇ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF NKӓL
Eӏ ÿiQK ÿzQ Fy OӁ QKҳP JLӳ WKӇ GLӋQ FӫD PӝW TXDQ FKӭF WULӅX ÿình, và
QKҩW Oj Yӏ Qҫ\ OҥL Oj QJѭӡL Fy KӑF Yӏ FDR

ÐQJ 6ҳF QJKLӋQ UѭӧX Wӯ NKL FzQ ӣ +XӃ &Kӏ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Ej

264 LONG ĐIỀN

NguyӉQ 7Kӏ 7KDQK YjR +XӃ WKăP FKD QăP ³%à
NK{QJ WKӇ FKӏX ÿӵQJ OkX QJj\ WKiL ÿӝ FӝF FҵQ WK{ Oӛ FӫD FKD Ej QD\ ÿã
PҳF SKҧL WұW QJKLӋQ UѭӧX Yj WKѭӡQJ KD\ ÿiQK ÿұS Ej ³ 'R ÿy QăP
VDX Ej Eӓ +XӃ UD 1JKӋ $Q WUӣ OҥL Pj NK{QJ VӕQJ YӟL FKD

3KҧL FKăQJ FkX ³4XDQ WUѭӡQJ WKӏ Q{ OӋ WUXQJ FKL Q{ OӋ KӵX Q{ OӋ ³
4XDQ WUѭӡQJ Oj Q{ OӋ WURQJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Q{ OӋ OҥL FjQJ Q{ OӋ KѫQ Oj
GR QKӳQJ FiQ Eӝ FӝQJ VҧQ EӏD UD UӗL JiQ FKR {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿӇ
ÿҧ NtFK FKӃ ÿӝ TXkQ FKӫ" +D\ SKҧL FKăQJ Yu Eӏ ÿXәL UD NKӓL QJành quan
OҥL QrQ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF PӟL EҩW PmQ Yj WKӕW OrQ FkX ³4XDQ WUѭӡQJ
WKӏ Q{ OӋ WUXQJ FKL Q{ OӋ KӵX Q{ OӋ ³ 4XDQ WUѭӡQJ Oj Q{ OӋ WURQJ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL Q{ OӋ OҥL FjQJ Q{ OӋ KѫQ 1ӃX NK{QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF KăQJ KiL
[LQ ÿL OjP TXDQ OjP Ju Yj VDX Qҫ\ FRQ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK +ӗ &Kt
0LQK FzQ JӣL WKѭ ÿӃQ YLrQ .KkP Vӭ 3KiS WҥL +XӃ [LQ FKR {QJ PӝW
FKӭF TXDQ QKӓ QӳD

1Jj\ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF [XӕQJ WjX Wӯ çj 1ҹQJ Yào Sài
*zQ ÐQJ ӣ OҥL 6jL *zQ PӝW WKӡL JLDQ Gҥ\ FKӳ 1KR FKR QKj EiR 'LӋS
9ăQ .Ǥ UӗL ÿL /ӝF 1LQK OjP JLiP WKӏ ÿӗQ ÿLӅQ 7ӯ ÿy {QJ NK{QJ
bao giӡ WUӣ UD 1JKӋ $Q ÐQJ QJ VӕQJ ODQJ WKDQJ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP EҵQJ QJKӅ
ÿ{QJ \ Yj QJKӅ YLӃW OLӉQ ÿӕL FKR GkQ FK~QJ *ҫQ FXӕL ÿӡL {QJ ÿӃQ ÿӏQK
Fѭ WҥL OjQJ +ӝL +zD $Q 6D çHF Yj Wӯ WUҫQ QJj\

.KL 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF Eӏ EmL FKӭF Yj VӕQJ ODQJ WKDQJ QJKqR NKә ӣ
PLӅQ 1DP FRQ {QJ WD Oj 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK WӭF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UD QѭӟF
QJRjL QăP ÿm YLӃW WKѭ Wӯ 1HZ <RUN QJj\ 1912 cho viên
NKkP Vӭ 3KiS WҥL +XӃ WKD WKLӃW ³ FҫX PRQJ 1JjL >FKӍ NKkP Vӭ 3KiS@
YXL OzQJ FKR FKD W{L >FKD FӫD 7KjQK WӭF {QJ 6ҳF@ ÿѭӧF QKұQ PӝW F{QJ
YLӋF QKѭ WKӯD ELӋQ ӣ FiF Eӝ KRһF KXҩQ ÿҥR KD\ JLiR WKө ÿӇ FKa tôi sinh
VӕQJ GѭӟL Vӵ TXDQ WkP FDR TXê FӫD 1JjL ´

9ұ\ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL YӅ QJѭӡL FKD FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW QJѭӡL \êu
QѭӟF FKӕQJ ÿӕL FKtQK TX\ӅQ 3KiS QrQ Eӏ FiFK FKӭF Oj FKX\ӋQ KRàn
WRjQ EӏD ÿһW GR %DQ 1JKLrQ FӭX /ӏFK Vӱ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
9LӋW 1DP ÿѭD UD QKҳP Oj WăQJ JLi WUӏ FKR OmQK Wө FӫD Kӑ

7ѭӣQJ FNJQJ QrQ WKrP ӣ ÿk\ PӝW SKiW KLӋQ FӫD {QJ 7UҫQ 4XӕF
9ѭӧQJ Vӱ JLD +j 1ӝL KLӋQ QD\ 7URQJ ViFK ³7URQJ &}L´ FӫD 7UҫQ 4XӕF
9ѭӧQJ Fy EjL ³/ӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ YӅ QӛL EҩW KҥQK FӫD PӝW Vӕ
QKj WUt WKӭF 1KR JLD NLQK QJKLӋP ÿLӅQ Gm ´ 3KҫQ FXӕL FӫD EjL Qҫ\ FKR
biӃW UҵQJ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF SKө WKkQ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NK{QJ SKҧL
Oj FRQ FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP 7UѭӟF NKL ÿiP FѭӟL Ej Yӧ FӫD {QJ
NguyӉQ 6LQK 1KұP ÿm Fy PDQJ YӟL Fӱ QKkQ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR FKR Qên ông
NgX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP FKӍ Oj QJѭӡL FKD WUrQ JLҩ\ Wӡ FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 265

6ҳF Pj WK{L ÐQJ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ YLӃW ³1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF VDX FQJ
ÿm Oҩ\ OҥL Kӑ +ӗ Yu Fө ELӃW {QJ QӝL ÿtFK WKӵF FӫD PuQK Oj Fө +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR
FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj Fө 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP´

+8<ӄ1 7+2Ҥ, 5$ ç, 7Î0 çѬӠ1* &Ӭ8 1ѬӞ&

7jL OLӋX FӫD ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӅX YLӃW UҵQJ QJj\
WKDQK QLrQ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK ÿm [XӕQJ WjX $PLUDO /DWRXFKH 7UpYLOOH
ÿӇ UD ÿL WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF 6DX ÿk\ Oj OӡL WURQJ ViFK /ӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW
Nam cӫD QKj FҫP TX\ӅQ FӝQJ VҧQ +j 1ӝL

³6ӵ WKҩW EҥL FӫD FiF SKRQJ WUjR ç{QJ 'X ç{QJ .LQK 1JKƭD 7KөF
FӫD FXӝF YұQ ÿӝQJ 'X\ 7kQ Yj SKRQJ WUjR FKӕQJ WKXӃ ӣ FiF WӍQK 7UXQJ
.Ǥ Pj 1JѭӡL >+ӗ &Kt 0LQK@ WӯQJ WKDP JLD NKL ÿDQJ KӑF ӣ WUѭӡQJ
4XӕF +ӑF +XӃ ÿm WK{L WK~F 1JѭӡL >+&0@ KѭӟQJ YӅ FiF QѭӟF 7k\
Âu, mong muӕQ ÿѭӧF ÿӃQ ³WuP [HP QKӳQJ Ju ҭQ JLҩX ÿҵQJ VDX QKӳQJ
7ӵ GR %uQK ÿҷQJ %iF iL´ 6DX NKL UӡL +XӃ YjR 3KDQ 7KLӃW çѭӧF
tW OkX Oҩ\ WrQ Oj 9ăQ %D 1JѭӡL >+&0@ [LQ OjP SKө EӃS WUrQ FKLӃF WjX
WKӫ\ ç{ ÿӕF /D 7XVѫ 7ѫUrYLQ /D 7RXFKH 7UpYLOOH WKXӝF KmQJ YұQ WҧL
KӧS QKҩW FӫD 3KiS ÿӇ ÿL UD QѭӟF QJRjL ³[HP QѭӟF 3KiS Yj FiF QѭӟF
NKiF OjP QKѭ WKӃ QjR UӗL VӁ WUӣ YӅ JL~S ÿӗQJ EjR´ ´

6iFK ³&Kӫ 7ӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WLӇX Vӱ Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS´ FӫD QKj [XҩW
EҧQ 6ӵ 7KұW JLҧL WKtFK Vӵ UD ÿL FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ JҫQ JLӕQJ QKѭ
WKӃ ³ ËW OkX VDX +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK YjR 6jL *zQ 1DP .Ǥ GѭӟL FKӃ ÿӝ WKXӝF
ÿӏD FNJQJ FKҷQJ NKiF Ju 7UXQJ .Ǥ GѭӟL FKӃ ÿӝ EҧR Kӝ Yj %ҳF NǤ GѭӟL
FKӃ ÿӝ QӱD WKXӝF ÿӏD QӱD EҧR Kӝ Ӣ ÿkX QKkQ GkQ FNJQJ Eӏ iS EӭF EyF
OӝW ÿӗQJ EjR FNJQJ Eӏ ÿӑD ÿj\ NKә QKөF çLӅX ÿy FjQJ WK{L WK~F +ӗ
&Kӫ WӏFK ÿL VDQJ FiF QѭӟF ÆX Wk\ ÿӇ [HP QKkQ GkQ FiF QѭӟF ҩ\ OjP
QKѭ WKӃ QjR Pj WUӣ QrQ ÿӝF OұS KQJ FѭӡQJ UӗL VӁ WUӣ YӅ ³JL~S ÿӥ
ÿӗQJ EjR´ ÿiQK ÿXәL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS é ÿӏQK ҩ\ FӫD 1JѭӡL >+&0@ ÿm
GүQ 1JѭӡL WӯQJ EѭӟF ÿL WӟL WuP PӝW SKѭѫQJ KѭӟQJ PӟL FKR Vӵ QJKLӋS
FӭX QѭӟF FӫD QKkQ GkQ WD ´

7URQJ ViFK 1KͷQJ P̱X FKX\͏Q Y͉ ÿͥL KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD +͛ &Kͯ 7͓FK
FNJQJ GR QKj [X̭W E̫Q 6͹ 7K̵W ̭Q KjQK WU̫ OͥL SK͗QJ Y̭Q WiF JL̫ 7U̯Q
Dân Tiên, H͛ &Kt 0LQK QyL Y͉ Oê GR UD ÿL QK˱ VDX ³ 7{L PX͙Q ÿL UD
Q˱ͣF QJRjL [HP Q˱ͣF 3KiS Yj FiF Q˱ͣF NKiF 6DX NKL [HP [pW K͕ OjP
QK˱ WK͇ QjR W{L Vͅ WUͧ Y͉ JL~S ÿ͛QJ EjR FK~QJ WD ´

7U̯Q 'kQ 7LrQ FKtQK O̩L Oj +͛ &Kt 0LQK ÐQJ GQJ P͡W WrQ NKiF
YL͇W ViFK W͹ FD WͭQJ PuQK 7̩L 9L͏W 1DP FNJQJ QK˱ WUrQ WK͇ JLͣL ÿm Fy
QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL YL͇W ViFK Y͉ KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD PuQK ÿ{L NKL ÿ͋ W͹ NKHQ PuQK
KR̿F ÿ͋ EL͏Q K͡ FKR QKͷQJ YL͏F OjP FͯD PuQK QK˱QJ K͕ ÿ͉ WrQ WK̵W
FK͓X WUiFK QKL͏P Y͉ QKͷQJ ÿL͉X K͕ YL͇W +͛ &Kt 0LQK GQJ P͡W WrQ

266 LONG ĐIỀN

NKiF W͹ FD WͭQJ PuQK Oj P͡W ViQJ NL͇Q NǤ O̩ FK˱D P͡W QJ˱ͥL W͹ WU͕QJ
QjR GiP QJKƭ ÿ͇Q

1K˱ WK͇ TXD FiF ViFK FͯD QKj F̯P TX\͉Q F͡QJ V̫Q Yj TXD FKtQK
QKͷQJ OͥL YL͇W FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK {QJ WD ÿL UD Q˱ͣF QJRjL QK̷P PͭF
ÿtFK WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ FͱX Q˱ͣF QK˱QJ WURQJ WKͥL JLDQ J̯Q ÿk\ QKL͉X WiF JL̫
ÿm WuP ÿ˱ͫF QKͷQJ FKͱQJ OL͏X Fͭ WK͋ FKR WK̭\ U̹QJ +͛ &Kt 0LQK UD
ÿL NK{QJ SK̫L ÿ͋ WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ FͱX Q˱ͣF Pj FK͑ Yu Oê GR NLQK W͇ JLD ÿuQK

7URQJ EjL ³7ͳ P͡QJ OjP TXDQ ÿ͇Q ÿ˱ͥQJ FiFK P̩QJ +͛ &Kt 0LQK
Yj 7U˱ͥQJ 7KX͡F ç͓D´ KDL WiF JL̫ 1JX\͍Q 7K͇ $QK Yj 9NJ 1J͹ &KLrX
ÿm SK͝ EL͇Q ̫QK VDR SKRWRFRS\ KDL Oi WK˱ FͯD 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK
ÿ͉ QJj\ JͧL FKR W͝QJ WK͙QJ 3KiS Yj E͡ WU˱ͧQJ E͡ 7KX͡F
ç͓D 3KiS [LQ KDL {QJ EDQ kQ KX͏ FKR 7KjQK ÿ˱ͫF ÿ̿F FiFK YjR K͕F
7U˱ͥQJ 7KX͡F ç͓D 3DULV Q˯L ÿjR W̩R TXDQ O̩L FKR FiF WKX͡F ÿ͓D 3KiS
WURQJ ÿy Fy ç{QJ '˱˯QJ 3K̯Q FKtQK WURQJ Q͡L GXQJ FͯD KDL Oi WK˱ Q̯\
KRjQ WRjQ JL͙QJ QKDX çy Oj ³7{L [LQ WUkQ WU͕QJ WK͑QK QJX\͏Q OzQJ
K̫R WkP FͯD {QJ EDQ FKR W{L ÿ̿F kQ ÿ˱ͫF QK̵Q YjR K͕F Q͡L WU~ 7U˱ͥQJ
7KX͡F ç͓D 7{L KL͏Q ÿDQJ OjP F{QJ WURQJ F{QJ W\ &KDUJHXUV 5pXQLV ÿ͋
VLQK V͙QJ WUrQ WjX $PLUDO /DWRXFKH 7UpYLOOH 7{L KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ Fy
FK~W WjL V̫Q QjR QK˱QJ ṶW NKDR NKiW K͕F K͗L 7{L ˱ͣF PRQJ WUͧ QrQ
KͷX tFK FKR Q˱ͣF 3KiS ÿ͙L YͣL ÿ͛QJ EjR W{L ÿ͛QJ WKͥL OjP WK͇ QjR FKR
K͕ K˱ͧQJ ÿ˱ͫF tFK OͫL FͯD Q͉Q K͕F Y̭Q ´

+DL Oi ÿ˯Q WUrQ ÿ͉X E͓ EiF 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK WL͇S WͭF KjQK QJK͉
WUrQ FiF WjX EL͋Q 1Jj\ Wͳ 1HZ <RUN +RD .Ǥ 1JX\͍Q 7̭W
7KjQK JͧL ÿ͇Q YLrQ NKkP Vͱ 3KiS W̩L +X͇ P͡W Oi WK˱ ṶW WK͙QJ WKL͇W [LQ
P͡W ÿ̿F kQ Oj EDQ FKR FKD Oj 1JX\͍Q 6LQK 6̷F P͡W FKͱF YL͏F QK͗ QK˱
JLiR WKͭ KD\ KX̭Q ÿ̩R ÿ͋ {QJ Q̯\ Fy ÿL͉X NL͏Q VLQK V͙QJ

+DL Oi ÿ˯Q WUrQ FQJ YͣL Oi WK˱ JͧL QăQ Q͑ YLrQ NKkP Vͱ 3KiS W̩L
+X͇ FKR WK̭\ O~F PͣL UD ÿL 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK FK͑ QK̷P PͭF ÿtFK VLQK
QKDL 9u VLQK N͇ JLD ÿuQK O~F ÿy 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK V̽Q VjQJ WK͗D KL͏S
YͣL QJ˱ͥL 3KiS ÿ͋ NL͇P P͡W FKͱF TXDQ FKR Fi QKkQ {QJ E̹QJ FiFK [LQ
YjR K͕F 7U˱ͥQJ 7KX͡F ç͓D KR̿F FKR SKͭ WKkQ {QJ

çL͉X Q̯\ Oj FKX\͏Q EuQK WK˱ͥQJ FͯD ÿͥL V͙QJ FRQ QJ˱ͥL /ͣQ OrQ
DL DL FNJQJ SK̫L NL͇P FiFK P˱X VLQK ÿ͋ W͹ QX{L V͙QJ PuQK Yj QX{L V͙QJ
JLD ÿuQK +˯Q QͷD ÿL͉X Q̯\ FzQ Fy QJKƭD Oj 1JX\͍Q 7̭W 7KjQK NK{QJ
SK̫L UD ÿL WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ FͱX Q˱ͣF 9L͏F UD ÿL WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ FͱX Q˱ͣF FK͑ Oj
V̫Q SḴP W˱ͧQJ W˱ͫQJ VDX Q̯\ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q
QK̷P OjP ÿ́S FKR YL͏F UD ÿL FͯD K͕ +͛ ÿ͋ O{L FX͙Q TX̯Q FK~QJ WUrQ
ÿ˱ͥQJ KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FKtQK WU͓

+8<ӄ1 7+2Ҥ, &8Ӝ& 6Ӕ1* çӜ& 7+Æ1 *,Ҧ1 'ӎ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 267

+͛ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ QK˱ EDQ 1JKLrQ FͱX /͓FK V͵ ÿ̫QJ WUXQJ ˱˯QJ
OX{Q OX{Q ÿ͉ FDR U̹QJ {QJ WD VX͙W ÿͥL V͙QJ ÿ͡F WKkQ NK{QJ O̵S JLD
ÿuQK ÿ͋ Fy WK͋ WRjQ WkP WRjQ ê SKͭF Yͭ QKkQ GkQ 6͹ WK̵W G +͛ &Kt
0LQK ÿL ÿkX ͧ Q˯L QjR FNJQJ ÿ͉X Fy EyQJ GiQJ FͯD QJ˱ͥL ÿjQ Ej WURQJ
VX͙W FX͡F ÿͥL KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD {QJ

7KHR JLiR V˱ 1JX\͍Q 7K͇ $QK NKL KjQK QJK͉ QKL͇S ̫QK ͧ 3DULV
Nguy͍Q ÈL 4X͙F +͛ &Kt 0LQK ÿm JͧL WK˱ W͗ WuQK YͣL F{ %RXUGRQ QJj\
6DX YjL FX͡F J̿S Jͩ Yj WK˱ Wͳ TXD O̩L F{ %RXUGRQ YL͇W WK˱
QJj\ F͹ WX\͏W P͙L WuQK FͯD 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F *LiR V˱ 1JX\͍Q
7K͇ $QK FzQ WU˱QJ G̳Q QKL͉X WjL OL͏X FKR WK̭\ NKL TXD 0RVFRZ QKj
F̯P TX\͉Q /LrQ ;{ ÿm FXQJ F̭S FKR 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F P͡W ³QJ˱ͥL Yͫ´

ç͇Q 4X̫QJ &KkX 7UXQJ +RD 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F O~F ÿy O̭\ WrQ Oj
Lý Thͭ\ N͇W K{Q YͣL P͡W QJ˱ͥL SKͭ Qͷ 7UXQJ +RD Oj 7ăQJ 7X\͇W 0LQK
QăP %j Q̯\ E͓ WK̭W O̩F VDX FX͡F FKL͇Q 4X͙F &͡QJ ͧ 7UXQJ +RD
QăP 7KHR P͡W WjL OL͏X NKiF WKu WURQJ WKͥL JLDQ Q̯\ /ê 7Kͭ\ FzQ
V͙QJ YͣL P͡W SKͭ Qͷ 7UXQJ +RD WKͱ QKu Oj /ê +X͏ .KDQK HP FͯD /ê
Hu͏ 4X̯Q /ê +X͏ 4X̯Q Oj Yͫ FͯD /kP çͱF 7Kͭ P͡W ÿ͛QJ FKt FͯD
Lý Thͭ\ 7jL OL͏X Q̯\ JL̫L WKtFK U̹QJ 1JX\͍Q ÈL 4X͙F ÿ͝L WrQ WKjQK
Lý Thͭ\ Oj WKHR K͕ FͯD /ê +X͏ .KDQK FKR G͍ KR̩W ÿ͡QJ .KL F̫QK ViW
H͛QJ .{QJ E̷W /ê 7Kͭ\ QJj\ W̩L WK͓ WṶQ &͵X /RQJ J̯Q
H͛QJ .{QJ {QJ ÿDQJ V͙QJ YͣL P͡W SKͭ Qͷ 7UXQJ +RD WrQ Oj /L 6DP
Khi Lý Thͭ\ ÿ͇Q 9kQ 1DP W˱ͣQJ /RQJ 9kQ /XQJ <XQ ÿm WuP FKR {QJ
P͡W QKkQ WuQK QJ˱ͥL 7jX

7ͳ QăP ͧ +͛QJ .{QJ /ê 7Kͭ\ G̩\ FKtQK WU͓ FKR 1JX\͍Q 7K͓
Minh Khai t̩L WUͭ Vͧ FKL QKiQK %͡ ç{QJ SK˱˯QJ FͯD 4X͙F W͇ F͡QJ V̫Q
6DX P͡W WKͥL JLDQ KDL QJ˱ͥL WUͧ WKjQK Yͫ FK͛QJ Yj NKL TXD /LrQ ;{
WKDP G͹ ÿ̩L K͡L F͡QJ V̫Q TX͙F W͇ QJj\ KDL QJ˱ͥL F{QJ NKDL
V͙QJ FKXQJ 1ăP +͛ &Kt 0LQK Y͉ KR̩W ÿ͡QJ W̩L YQJ 3̷F %y
&DR %̹QJ ͦ ÿk\ WKHR V͵ JLD Yj QKj KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FKtQK WU͓ 7U̯Q 7U͕QJ
Kim, ông H͛ V͙QJ FKXQJ YͣL Ej ç͟ 7K͓ /̩F Et GDQK ³FK͓ 7KX̯Q´ Yj
VLQK K̩ P͡W QJ˱ͥL FRQ JiL

6DX FX͡F V͙QJ FKXQJ W̩P Eͫ YͣL ç͟ 7K͓ /̩F +͛ &Kt 0LQK E͓ FX͙Q
K~W YjR QKͷQJ EL͇Q FKX\͋Q O͓FK V͵ FKR ÿ͇Q QăP {QJ +͛ Y͉ +j
N͡L 7KHR WjL OL͏X FͯD 9NJ 7K˱ +LrQ Yj 1JX\͍Q 0LQK &̯Q E͡ FKtQK WU͓
ÿ̫QJ /DR ç͡QJ ÿm ÿ˱D P͡W F{ JiL WKX͡F V̷F W͡F 1QJ ͧ &DR %̹QJ
Oj 1{QJ 7K͓ ;XkQ Fy ViFK YL͇W 1JX\͍Q 7K͓ ;XkQ Y͉ SKͭF Yͭ +͛ &Kt
0LQK QăP /~F ÿy {QJ +ӗ NKRҧQJ WXәL Yj Ej ;XkQ Fy
lêNKRҧQJ WUrQ GѭӟL WXәL NKi [LQK ÿҽS ³&{ ;XkQ UҩW [LQK JiL GD
WU̷QJ Q}Q PL͏QJ W˱˯L QK˱ KRD´ 1ăP VDX Ej ;XkQ VLQK K̩ P͡W QJ˱ͥL
FRQ WUDL ÿ˱ͫF ÿ̿W Wên là Nguy͍Q 7̭W 7UXQJ 6DX P͡W WKͥL JLDQ FKXQJ

268 LONG ĐIỀN

V͙QJ +͛ &Kt 0LQK VD WK̫L Ej ;XkQ 9LrQ E͡ WU˱ͧQJ F{QJ DQ +j 1͡L
Oj 7U̯Q 4X͙F +RjQ ÿm KL͇S GkP Ej ;XkQ U͛L FKR QJ˱ͥL WKͯ WLrX P͡W
FiFK WjQ E̩R

7URQJ WKͥL JLDQ Q̯\ ÿ̫QJ /DR ç͡QJ FzQ Fy ê ÿ͓QK ÿ˱D F{ 1JX\͍Q
7K͓ 3K˱˯QJ 0DL W͑QK Xͽ YLrQ W͑QK 7KDQK +yD Y͉ +j 1͡L ÿ͋ OjP Yͫ +͛
&Kt 0LQK &{ 3K˱˯QJ 0DL ÿzL F{QJ NKDL KyD FX͡F K{Q QKkQ JLͷD KDL
QJ˱ͥL WKu E͓ Wͳ FK͙L QrQ F{ U~W OXL

1ăP çjR &K~ Xͽ YLrQ WK˱ͥQJ Yͭ E͡ FKtQK WU͓ ÿ̫QJ &͡QJ
6̫Q 3Ky WKͯ W˱ͣQJ FKtQK SKͯ 7UXQJ 4X͙F VDQJ 9L͏W 1DP QJK͑ G˱ͩQJ
M͡W E͡ WU˱ͧQJ WURQJ FKtQK SKͯ +j 1͡L ÿm QyL ULrQJ YͣL çjR &K~ U̹QJ
H͛ &Kt 0LQK PX͙Q WiL K{Q YͣL P͡W QJ˱ͥL Yͫ 4X̫QJ Ðông. Ðào Chú
ṶW KRDQ Kͽ JL~S ÿͩ QK˱QJ WKͯ W˱ͣQJ 7UXQJ 4X͙F Oj &KX ÆQ /DL ÿã
WK̵Q WU͕QJ \rX F̯X SKtD 9L͏W 1DP [HP [pW Y̭Q ÿ͉ F̱Q WK̵Q +͡L QJK͓ GR
Lê Du̱Q WUL͏X W̵S ÿm ÿL ÿ͇Q TX\͇W ÿ͓QK Oj SK̫L E̫R Y͏ KuQK W˱ͫQJ +͛
Chí Minh, nên vi͏F {QJ +͛ PX͙Q WiL K{Q YͣL P͡W SKͭ Qͷ 4X̫QJ &KkX
ÿm NK{QJ WKjQK +͛ &Kt 0LQK FKR çjR &K~ EL͇W {QJ PX͙Q WiL Kôn, có
QJKƭD Oj {QJ +͛ W͹ WK~ QK̵Q ÿm N͇W K{Q P͡W O̯Q QjR ÿy U͛L

1K˱ WK͇ KX\͉Q WKR̩L WKͱ ED Y͉ +͛ &Kt 0LQK K\ VLQK FX͡F V͙QJ
Fi QKkQ V͙QJ ÿ͡F WKkQ ÿ͋ WRjQ WkP WRjQ ê OR YL͏F Q˱ͣF Oj P͡W FkX
FKX\͏Q Et P̵W JḼX ÿ̯X OzL ÿX{L +͛ &Kt 0LQK Fy Yͫ Oj P͡W FKX\͏Q
EuQK WK˱ͥQJ QK˱QJ E̫Q WKkQ +͛ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q WU˱ͣF
VDX OX{Q OX{Q FKH ÿ̵\ YL͏F Q̯\ ÿ͋ OͳD E͓S QKkQ GkQ 9L͏W 1DP Yj G˱
OX̵Q WK͇ JLͣL .͇W K{Q O̵S JLD ÿuQK Oj ÿL͉X FK̻QJ Fy Ju [̭X [D QK˱QJ
x͵ V͹ WjQ E̩R YͣL QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL ÿm WͳQJ V͙QJ YͣL PuQK FKH ÿ̵\ YL͏F N͇W
K{Q OͳD E͓S WU̷QJ WUͫQ P͕L QJ˱ͥL Oj ÿL͉X Pj NK{QJ P͡W Q͉Q OXkQ Oê
QjR FK̭S QK̵Q

6DX NKL +͛ &Kt 0LQK Wͳ WU̯Q WURQJ OͥL NrX J͕L ÿ˱D UD QJj\
ÿ̫QJ /DR ç͡QJ 9L͏W 1DP WͱF ÿ̫QJ &691 ÿm YL͇W ³ &X͡F ÿͥL
FͯD 1J˱ͥL Oj P͡W W̭P J˱˯QJ FKyL O͕L FͯD FKͯ QJKƭD DQK Kùng cách
P̩QJ FͯD WLQK WK̯Q ÿRjQ N͇W FͯD ÿ̩R ÿͱF JL̫Q G͓ NKLrP W͙Q F̯Q NL͏P
OLrP FKtQK FKt F{QJ Y{ W˱ ´ +m\ QKuQ YjR FiFK V͙QJ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK
ÿ͋ EL͇W {QJ Fy SK̫L Oj QJ˱ͥL ³JL̫Q G͓ NKLrP W͙Q´ KD\ NK{QJ"

7U˱ͣF K͇W FK͇ ÿ͡ +j 1͡L WX\rQ WUX\͉Q U̹QJ +͛ &Kt 0LQK V͙QJ
WURQJ P͡W QJ{L QKj VjQ E̹QJ J͟ 1JKH FKͷ ³QKj VjQ´ QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W
WK˱ͥQJ OLrQ W˱ͧQJ ÿ͇Q QKͷQJ QJ{L QKj FͯD QJ˱ͥL PL͉Q Q~L OjP E̹QJ
g͟ FiFK P̿W ÿ̭W NKR̫QJ P͡W WK˱ͣF SKtD G˱ͣL GQJ ÿ͋ F̭W JLͷ GͭQJ
Fͭ KD\ QK͙W JLD V~F KR̿F OLrQ W˱ͧQJ ÿ͇Q QKͷQJ QKj VjQ FͯD P͡W V͙ F˱
GkQ YHQ V{QJ KD\ G͕F FiF NrQK ÿjR 1KͷQJ QJ{L QKj VjQ Q̯\ ṶW ÿ˯Q
V˯ JL̫Q G͓ ̬Q W˱ͫQJ JL̫Q G͓ NKL͇Q QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL W˱ͧQJ W˱ͫQJ U̹QJ QJ{L

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 269

QKj VjQ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK Fy Oͅ FNJQJ WK͇ Yj FNJQJ W˱ͧQJ U̹QJ +͛ &Kt
MLQK V͙QJ ṶW EuQK GkQ

7K͹F W͇ KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ QK˱ Y̵\ 1KͷQJ GX NKiFK ÿm WͳQJ YL͇QJ
QJ{L QKj VjQ FͯD {QJ +͛ KR̿F QKͷQJ DL ÿm WͳQJ QKuQ QJ{L QKj VjQ
Q̯\ TXD SKLP ̫QK U͛L VR ViQK YͣL QKj VjQ FͯD QJ˱ͥL PL͉Q Q~L KR̿F
FͯD QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL V͙QJ YHQ V{QJ Vͅ Fy F̫P QJKƭ NKiF 1J{L QKj VjQ
FͯD {QJ +͛ Fy Y̓ JL̫Q G͓ P͡W FiFK F͙ ê O̩L ṶW VDQJ WU͕QJ [k\ G͹QJ
E̹QJ OR̩L J͟ F͹F W͙W WUDQJ E͓ ÿ̯\ ÿͯ WKHR WL͏Q QJKL WKͥL ÿ̩L Fy QJ˱ͥL
FKăP VyF F̱Q WK̵Q Yj J̯Q QK˱ Oj QKj QJK͑ PiW PD Kq KR̿F Q˯L {QJ
ÿyQ WL͇S GX NKiFK 1K˱ Y̵\ QJ{L QKj VjQ FͯD {QJ +͛ FK͑ Oj OR̩L WUDQJ
WUt P̷F WL͉Q

³ÈR TX̯Q OrQ VkQ NK̭X ṶW TXDQ WU͕QJ OX{Q OX{Q JL̫Q G͓ iR TX̯Q
PjX FKjP ç͙L YͣL +͛ FNJQJ QK˱ 6WDOLQH 0DR KR̿F .LP 1K̵W 7KjQK
V͹ JL̫Q G͓ ÿ˱ͫF QJKLrQ FͱX NͿ O˱ͩQJ ÈR TX̯Q F̷W PD\ WK{ V˯ WKHR NL͋X
Kroutchev ho̿F &HDXFHVFX EL͋X W˱ͫQJ FͯD P͡W WK͇ K͏ OmQK ÿ̩R F͡QJ
V̫Q çL͉X ÿ̿F EL͏W FͯD +͛ WURQJ JLͣL OmQK ÿ̩R F͡QJ V̫Q Oj +͛ ÿL GpS
O͙S WUrQ QJX\rQ W̷F F̷W Wͳ O͙S [H K˯L &zQ Ju ăQ ̫QK K˯Q G Oj WL͉Q
FKL͇Q KD\ KL͏Q ÿ̩L ³%iF´ +͛ ÿL GpS O͙S WUrQ PjQ ̫QK ´

+͛ &Kt 0LQK GX\ QK̭W FK͑ ÿ͋ O͡ P͡W Vͧ WKtFK SKjP WͭF ṶW QJ˱ͥL
ÿy Oj {QJ WKtFK K~W WKX͙F WK˯P +RD .Ǥ ÿ̿F EL͏W Oj &DPHO KD\ /XFN\
6WULNH .K{QJ EL͇W ÿk\ Oj GjQ N͓FK ÿ͋ FKͱQJ W͗ {QJ WD FNJQJ EuQK
WK˱ͥQJ QK˱ P͕L QJ˱ͥL KD\ TX̫ WK̵W {QJ WD WKtFK K~W WKX͙F 0Ϳ '̯X
VDR FX͡F V͙QJ FͯD {QJ +͛ NK{QJ JL̫Q G͓ QK˱ QJ˱ͥL WD W˱ͧQJ

7URQJ ViFK ³1KͷQJ P̱X FKX\͏Q Y͉ ÿͥL KR̩W ÿ͡QJ FͯD +͛ &Kͯ
7͓FK´ 7U̯Q 'kQ 7LrQ FKtQK Oj +͛ &Kt 0LQK ÿm YL͇W WURQJ SK̯Q ÿ̯X
ViFK ³0͡W QJ˱ͥL QK˱ +͛ &Kͯ W͓FK FͯD FK~QJ WD YͣL ÿͱF NKLrP W͙Q
QK˱ͥQJ ̭\ Yj ÿ˱˯QJ O~F E͉ E͡Q EDR QKLrX F{QJ YL͏F OjP VDR Fy WK͋ N͋
O̩L FKR W{L QJKH EuQK VLQK FͯD QJ˱ͥL ÿ˱ͫF"´ 0͡W QJ˱ͥL GQJ P͡W
FiL WrQ NKiF YL͇W ViFK W͹ NKHQ PuQK Oj NKLrP W͙Q NK{QJ PX͙Q QyL Y͉
PuQK U͛L VDX ÿy VX͙W WURQJ TX\͋Q ViFK O̩L N͋ O͋ W͹ ÿ͉ FDR V͹ QJKL͏S
FͯD PuQK WKu NK{QJ EL͇W QrQ [͇S {QJ WD YjR OR̩L QJ˱ͥL Ju ÿk\"

&X͙L ViFK Q̯\ 7U̯Q 'kQ 7LrQ WͱF +͛ &Kt 0LQK YL͇W ³1KkQ GkQ
g͕L &Kͯ W͓FK Oj FKD JLj FͯD GkQ W͡F Yu +͛ &Kͯ W͓FK Oj QJ˱ͥL FRQ WUXQJ
WKjQK QK̭W FͯD 7͝ TX͙F 9L͏W 1DP ´ /ͥL Q̯\ FKR WK̭\ +͛ &Kt 0LQK
PX͙Q JͫL ê ÿ͋ ÿ˱ͫF QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP J͕L {QJ Oj FKD JLj FͯD GkQ W͡F
QK˱QJ NK{QJ ÿ˱ͫF GkQ FK~QJ K˱ͧQJ ͱQJ QrQ {QJ TXD\ TXD GQJ FKͷ
³EiF´ ͦ ÿk\ O̩L WK̭\ {QJ +͛ WK̵P NK{Q Yu WURQJ F˯ F̭X JLD W͡F 9L͏W
Nam, bác là aQK FͯD FKD EiF OͣQ K˯Q FKD Yj ÿͱQJ WU˱ͣF FKD WURQJ VLQK
KR̩W ÿ̩L JLD ÿuQK KR̿F O͍ QJKL W͇ W͹

270 LONG ĐIỀN

Theo Thành Tín, tͱF %ùi Tín, c͹X ÿ̩L Wi TXkQ ÿ͡L F͡QJ V̫Q +à N͡L
F͹X SKy W͝QJ ELrQ W̵S EiR 1KkQ 'kQ +͛ &Kt 0LQK F{QJ NKDL W͹ [˱QJ
Oj ³EiF´ QăP WU˱ͣF TX̯Q FK~QJ O~F ÿy {QJ NKR̫QJ WX͝L
Nói chuy͏Q YͣL GkQ FK~QJ WURQJ ÿy Fy F̫ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL JLj F̫ ÿiQJ
WX͝L {QJ FKD FK~ DQK FK͓ PuQK Pj [˱QJ EiF WKu [LQ NK͗L EjQ Y͉ W˱
FiFK FͯD ³EiF´ &K̻QJ QKͷQJ WKL͇X NtQK WU͕QJ YͣL QJ˱ͥL ÿDQJ V͙QJ
H͛ &Kt 0LQK FzQ W͗ UD WKL͇X O͍ ÿ͡ ÿ͙L YͣL QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL WU˱ͣF {QJ
KjQJ P̭\ WUăP QăP +m\ ÿ͕F QKͷQJ FkX WK˯ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK TXD EjL
³1J̳X KͱQJ´ {QJ YL͇W YjR G͓S YL͇QJ ÿ͉Q WKͥ +˱QJ ç̩R ç̩L 9˱˯QJ
7U̯Q 4X͙F 7X̭Q NKR̫QJ WU˱ͣF QăP

³%iF DQK KQJ W{L FNJQJ DQK KQJ
7{L EiF FQJ FKXQJ QJKL͏S NL͇P FXQJ
%iF WK̷QJ TXkQ 1JX\rQ WKDQK NL͇P E̩F
7{L WUͳ JL̿F 3KiS QJ͕Q Fͥ K͛QJ
%iF ÿ˱D P͡W Q˱ͣF TXD Q{ O͏
7{L G̷W QăP FKkX ÿ͇Q ÿ̩L ÿ͛QJ
%iF Fy OLQK WKLrQJ F˱ͥL P͡W WL͇QJ
5̹QJ W{L FiFK P̩QJ ÿm WKjQK F{QJ ´

7͹ SKRQJ PuQK Oj DQK KQJ ÿm Oj FKX\͏Q O̩ J͕L P͡W Yƭ QKkQ FͯD
O͓FK V͵ V͙QJ FiFK ÿk\ K˯Q QăP E̹QJ ³EiF´ Oj P͡W V͹ Y{ O͍ FK˱D
EDR JLͥ [̫\ UD WURQJ O͓FK V͵ 9L͏W 1DP .KL 4X͙F V͵ TXiQ WUL͉X 1JX\͍Q
WUuQK .KkP ÿ͓QK 9L͏W V͵ WK{QJ JLiP F˱˯QJ PͭF OrQ YXD 7͹ çͱF WU͓ Yu
GX\͏W WURQJ NKXQJ F̫QK [m K͡L YXD Oj WKLrQ W͵ FRQ WUͥL
QKj YXD ÿm SKr EuQK QKL͉X QKkQ Y̵W O͓FK V͵ ÿ{L NKL YͣL OͥL Oͅ JD\ J̷W
QK˱QJ FK˱D EDR JLͥ QKj YXD Fy QJ{Q QJͷ V͟ VjQJ WKL͇X O͍ ÿ͡ QK˱ +͛
&Kt 0LQK +͛ &Kt 0LQK W˱ͧQJ U̹QJ J͕L 7U̯Q +˱QJ ç̩R E̹QJ ³EiF´
Oj Fy WK͋ W͹ QkQJ PuQK OrQ QJDQJ W̯P YͣL QJ˱ͥL [˱D QK˱QJ QJ˱ͫF O̩L
QKͷQJ OͥL Q̯\ FKR WK̭\ K͙ FiFK EL͏W OͣQ ODR JLͷD P͡W Y͓ WKiQK Yj P͡W
N̓ W͹ SKͭ KͫP PuQK &K̻QJ QKͷQJ WK͇ QJ˱ͥL 9L͏W 1DP [˱QJ WͭQJ ÿͱF
7U̯Q +˱QJ ç̩R Oj WKiQK QrQ FiFK [˱QJ K{ FͯD K͕ +͛ [~F SK̩P ÿ͇Q
F̫ QL͉P WLQ FͯD GkQ FK~QJ 9L͏W 1DP 1͇X QyL U̹QJ EjL WK˯ Q̯\ Oj ³WK˯
NḴX NKt´ WKu FjQJ WK̭\ ³NḴX NKt´ FͯD +͛ &Kt 0LQK FK̻QJ NKLrP
cung tý nào.

+͛ &Kt 0LQK Oj FKͯ W͓FK PL͉Q %̷F {QJ Fy TX\͉Q V͙QJ P͡W FiFK WL͏Q
QJKL ÿ̯\ ÿͯ ÿ͋ OjP YL͏F WK̵P FKt {QJ Fy TX\͉Q W̵Q K˱ͧQJ P͕L O̩F WK~
WUrQ ÿͥL VDX NKL ÿm Gj\ F{QJ F͹F NK͝ WUDQK ÿ̭X {QJ Fy TX\͉Q O͹F WR
OͣQ FͯD P͡W FKͯ W͓FK QKj Q˱ͣF ÿ͡F WjL {QJ Fy WK͋ Y˱ͫW TXD OX̵W SKiS UD
O͏QK VLQK ViW P͕L QJ˱ͥL {QJ Fy WK͋ OjP ḘW Fͱ YL͏F Ju {QJ PX͙Q G˱ͣL
FK͇ ÿ͡ ÿ͡F WjL QK˱QJ QyL U̹QJ K͕ +͛ Oj QJ˱ͥL ³JL̫Q G͓ NKLrP W͙Q´ Oj
ÿL͉X KRjQ WRjQ VDL V͹ WK̵W 75̮1 *,$ 3+ͬ1* )

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 271

Tranh cҧL YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK:

1KLӅX OұS OXұQ WUiL QJѭӧF YӟL QKDX YӅ QKkQ YұW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Pãi
ÿӃQ QJj\ QD\ YүQ FzQ WUDQK FҧL Yu ÿҧQJ &691 YүQ FzQ PXӕQ W{Q WKӡ
+&0 QKѭ PӝW WKҫQ WѭӧQJ PXӕQ WKҫQ WKiQK KRi YӅ {QJ +&0 7URQJ
NKL ÿy QJѭӡL GkQ 91 PXӕQ ELӃW Vӵ WKұW YӅ +&0 WKu Eӏ ÿҧQJ &691
EѭQJ EtW FKH NtQ Vӵ WKұW 7iF JLҧ [LQ ÿѭD UD FiF EjL WUDQK OXұQ ÿӇ QJѭӡL
ÿӑF Fy QKұQ ÿӏQK ULrQJ FӫD PuQK

&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ QyL YӅ {QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

http://vn.360plus.yahoo.com/traitim-anhhung/article?mid=9699

ĈăQJ QJj\

7Kѭ PөF &KkQ GXQJ +&0
QăP QD\ ÿiQK GҩX QJj\ VLQK Fӕ FKӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yӏ Oãnh
ÿҥR FDR QKҩW FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP &{QJ OXұQ WURQJ Yà ngoài
QѭӟF Wӯ OkX ÿm [XҩW KLӋQ KDL OXӗQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK NKiF QKDX YӅ {QJ 0ӝW
ErQ FKR UҵQJ Fө +ӗ Oj PӝW DQK KQJ Yƭ ÿҥL FzQ PӝW ErQ OҥL Wӕ FiR {QJ
Fy WӝL YӟL GkQ WӝF Jk\ ÿDX WKѭѫQJ FKR ELӃW EDR QKLrX QJѭӡL
ÐQJ %L 7tQ ÿҥL Wi 4XkQ ĈӝL 1KkQ 'kQ KӗL QăP +uQK FӫD
ông Bùi Tín.
ĈӇ WuP KLӇX WKrP YӅ QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ Qj\ 7Uj 0L WUDR ÿәL YӟL FӵX
ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ WӯQJ Oj ÿҧQJ YLrQ YӟL KѫQ WKұS QLrQ WKDP JLD ĈҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ Yj QăP JyS PһW WURQJ 4XkQ ÿӝL 1KkQ GkQ 9ӟL FiF WUӑQJ
WUiFK ÿӵѫF ĈҧQJ JLDR SKy QKѭ 3Ky WәQJ ELrQ WұS EiR 4XkQ ÿӝL QKkQ
GkQ Yj EiR 1KkQ 'kQ FNJQJ QKѭ 7әQJ %LrQ WұS EiR 1KkQ GkQ &Kӫ
NhұW {QJ %L 7tQ WӯQJ Fy QKLӅX GӏS WLӃS [~F JһS Jӥ YӟL +ӗ &Kӫ WӏFK
1JRjL UD GR PӕL TXDQ KӋ PұW WKLӃW JLӳD WKkQ SKө FӫD {QJ YӟL Oãnh
Wө +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QrQ {QJ FNJQJ Fy Fѫ KӝL ÿѭӧF ELӃW NKi QKLӅX YӅ Fө +ӗ
ÐQJ FNJQJ FKtQK Oj WiF JLҧ FӫD UҩW QKLӅX WiF SKҭP YLӃW YӅ FXӝF ÿӡL Yj Vӵ
QJKLӋS FӫD QKj FiFK PҥQJ QәL WLӃQJ Qj\ 7UѭӟF WLrQ {QJ %ùi Tín nêu
OrQ QKұQ [pW FKXQJ YӅ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ ÐQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW QKj FKtQK NKiFK PӝW
QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ Pj KLӋQ QD\ WURQJ Yj QJRjL QѭӟF Fy QKӳQJ ÿiQK JLi
WUiL QJѭӧF KҷQ QKDX
0ӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL FD QJӧL {QJ WD ÿӃQ PӭF QKѭ WKҫQ WKiQK QKѭ PӝW FRQ
QJѭӡL WX\ӋW ÿӕL NK{QJ EDR JLӡ Fy VDL OҫP 7URQJ NKL ÿy FNJQJ Fy QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL [HP {QJ WD Oj PӝW QKkQ YұW WLrX FӵF Yj Jk\ UD QKӳQJ Wàn phá ghê
JӟP FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF

272 LONG ĐIỀN

ĈҥR ÿӭF QKkQ FiFK
Trà Mi: /j PӝW QJѭӡL WӯQJ VӕQJ Yj OjP YLӋF WKHR Oê WѭӣQJ +&0
{QJ QKұQ [pW QKѭ WKӃ QjR YӅ Wѭ WѭӣQJ +&0 YӅ ÿҥR ÿӭF QKkQ FiFK FӫD
Fө +ӗ"

&jQJ YӅ VDX {QJ +ӗ FjQJ WUӣ WKjQK PӝW QKkQ YұW WKӵF KLӋQ Vӭ
PҥQJ GR TXӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ JLDR FKR WӭF Oj Jk\ GӵQJ Yj SKiW WULӇQ SKRQJ
WUjR FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj Pӣ UӝQJ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ
VҧQ ӣ Ĉ{QJ 1DP È &RQ ÿѭӡQJ ҩ\ WKHR W{L Ek\ JLӡ ÿy Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
VDL OҫP ÿѭD ÿҩW QѭӟF YjR WuQK KuQK NKy NKăQ VDX Qj\

&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ 6ӵ ÿiQK JLi FӫD W{L YӅ {QJ +ӗ Oj Fҧ PӝW TXi
WUuQK WKD\ ÿәL NKiF QKDX 7UѭӟF ÿk\ NKL FzQ ӣ WURQJ QѭӟF WKu NKiF 'ҫQ
GҫQ TXD Vӵ VR ViQK Yj QJKLӅQ QJүP WKu FiFK QKuQ FӫD PuQK WUӣ QrQ
ÿ~QJ PӭF KѫQ F{QJ EҵQJ Yj NKRD KӑF KѫQ

7{L FRL {QJ WD NK{QJ SKҧL Oj WKҫQ WKiQK FKӍ Oj PӝW FRQ QJѭӡL EuQK
WKѭӡQJ QKѭ PӑL QJѭӡL NKiF WӭF Oj FNJQJ Fy ѭX ÿLӇP Yj NKX\ӃW ÿLӇP
Fy QKӳQJ ÿyQJ JyS WtFK FӵF Yj WLrX FӵF 9Ӆ Wѭ WѭӣQJ QKLӅX QJѭӡL FKR
UҵQJ {QJ WD NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF &zQ W{L W{L NKҷQJ ÿӏQK
{QJ WD Oj PӝW QKkQ YұW \rX QѭӟF QKҩW Oj WKӡL WUҿ FӫD {QJ

7KHR W{L NKL {QJ +ӗ VDQJ 3KiS QăP O~F ÿҫX NK{QJ SKҧL Yu
PөF ÿtFK ÿL WuP ÿѭӡQJ FӭX QѭӟF /~F Eҩ\ JLӡ {QJ WD JһS SKҧL PӝW EL
NӏFK JLD ÿuQK ÐQJ Fө Oj WUL KX\ӋQ %uQK .Kr Yu ÿiQK FKӃW Q{QJ GkQ QrQ
Eӏ ÿXәL UD NKӓL QJjQK TXDQ OҥL WKD SKѭѫQJ ӣ SKtD 1DP 0ҩW FKӛ GӵD
{QJ +ӗ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK UD ÿL WuP NӃ VLQK QKDL Yj JL~S ÿӥ JLD ÿuQK

1KѭQJ ÿӃQ NKL VDQJ 3KiS NKL WLӃS [~F YӟL QKyP FiF {QJ QKѭ 3KDQ
9ăQ 7UѭӡQJ 1JX\ӉQ 7KӃ 7UX\ӅQ Fө 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK O~F ҩ\ W{L QJKƭ
{QJ WD Oj QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF QKҩW Oj NKL {QJ WD ÿӭQJ UD OjP Wӡ EiR 1KӳQJ
QJѭӡL FQJ NKә EҧR YӋ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL GkQ WKXӝF ÿӏD ÿӇ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ
3KiS W{L FKR UҵQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ Qj\ Oj WUrQ OұS WUѭӡQJ \rX QѭӟF

7KӃ QKѭQJ FKR ÿӃQ NKL {QJ VDQJ 0D[FѫYD QăP WUӣ WKjQK
QKkQ YұW FӫD ÿӋ WDP TXӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ WKu W{L QJKƭ O~F ҩ\ {QJ YүQ Oj
PӝW QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF QKѭQJ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF WKHR
FKӫ QJKƭD TXӕF JLD Pj WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ

&jQJ YӅ VDX {QJ +ӗ FjQJ WUӣ WKjQK PӝW QKkQ YұW WKӵF KLӋQ Vӭ
PҥQJ GR TXӕF WӃ FӝQJ VҧQ JLDR FKR WӭF Oj Jk\ GӵQJ Yj SKiW WULӇQ SKRQJ
WUjR FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj Pӣ UӝQJ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ
VҧQ ӣ Ĉ{QJ 1DP È &RQ ÿѭӡQJ ҩ\ WKHR W{L Ek\ JLӡ ÿy Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ
VDL OҫP ÿѭD ÿҩW QѭӟF YjR WuQK KuQK NKy NKăQ VDX Qj\

9t Gө QKѭ FKR ÿӃQ QD\ GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP WD FzQ TXi OҥF KұX YӅ PӑL
mһW Wӯ PӭF VӕQJ QKkQ TX\ӅQ GkQ TX\ӅQ 7{L QJKƭ FiL ÿy WKuӝF YӅ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 273

WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD {QJ +ӗ UҩW OӟQ Yu ÿm QKҫP OүQ ÿHP PӝW KӑF WKX\ӃW Wӯ
/LrQ ;{ FNJ YӅ iS GөQJ ÿӃQ JҫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ QD\ %k\ JLӡ KӑF WKX\ӃW Qj\
ÿm ÿӵѫF FKӭQJ PLQK EҵQJ WKӵF WӃ U} UjQJ Oj FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ YӅ PһW
Oê OXұQ [k\ GӵQJ PӝW [m KӝL WӕW ÿҽS NK{QJ Fy QJѭӡL EyF OӝW QJѭӡL FKӍ
Oj ҧR WѭӣQJ WK{L

&Kӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ Ek\ JLӡ ӣ QJD\ QѫL FӕW O}L FӫD Qy Oj /LrQ ;{
FNJQJ ÿm VөS ÿә Ӣ PӝW ORҥW FiF QѭӟF Ĉ{QJ ÆX Qy FNJQJ KRjQ WRjQ Eӏ
WDQ Um 7ҥL 9LӋW 1DP WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD Qj\ PӝW Oê OXұQ ÿӵѫF {QJ +ӗ QyL
QKLӅX QKҩW Oj 9LӋW 1DP Eӓ TXD WKӡL NǤ SKiW WULӇQ Wѭ EҧQ FKӫ QJKƭD ÿӃQ
WLӃQ WKҷQJ OrQ FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL

7UҧL TXD QӱD WKӃ Nӹ VDX NKL {QJ +ӗ PҩW UӗL WKu ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ PӟL
WKD\ ÿәL KҷQ OҥL WӭF Oj Wӯ Eӓ YLӋF WLrX GLӋW Wѭ QKkQ Wѭ KӳX ÿӇ TXD\ WUӣ
OҥL YӟL NLQK WӃ WKӏ WUѭӡQJ FKӫ QJKƭD Wѭ EҧQ ÿӃQ PӭF TXi ÿiQJ Oj QKӳQJ
ÿҧQJ YLrQ Wӯ FKӛ WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD WұS WKӇ Ek\ JLӡ WUӣ WKjQK QKӳQJ QKj Wѭ
VҧQ Fy ÿҩW Fy QKj FӱD Fy Wѭ KӳX EҵQJ FRQ ÿѭӡQJ WKDP QKNJQJ FKҷQJ
KҥQ ÿӇ FKR QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӃQ QD\ Fy ÿӝF OұS QKѭQJ YүQ FKѭD Fy
ÿӵѫF Wӵ GR FӫD QJѭӡL F{QJ GkQ FKѭD Fy [m KӝL F{QJ GkQ FKѭD Fy Wӵ GR
EiR FKt Wӵ GR EҫX Fӱ Wӵ GR W{Q JLiR Y Y 7{L QJKƭ ÿҩ\ Oj WUiFK QKLӋP
Oj PһW WLrX FӵF FӫD {QJ +ӗ FzQ OҥL Pj FK~QJ WD FҫQ SKҧL QKұQ UD

ÐQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK {QJ %L %ҵQJ ĈRjQ WKkQ SKө {QJ %L 7tQ
WUѭӣQJ EDQ 7KѭӡQJ 7UӵF 4XӕF +ӝL Yj WѭӟQJ 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS WҥL OӉ
SKRQJ TXkQ KjP ĈҥL WѭӟQJ FKR {QJ *LiS 9LӋW %ҳF +uQK FӫD
ông Bùi Tín.

&Kӫ QJKƭD VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ

Trà Mi: Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP OkX QD\ Fy SKRQJ WUjR VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ +&0
ÿӃQ PӭF JҫQ QKѭ Oj KX\ӅQ WKRҥL KRi KuQK ҧQK FӫD Yӏ OmQK Wө Qj\ 7ҥL
VDR OҥL Fy WӋ VQJ EiL Pj WKHR QKLӅX QJѭӡL ÿӃQ PӭF TXi ÿiQJ QKѭ Yұ\
WKѭD {QJ"

&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ Ĉy Oj WKHR VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ FӫD KӑF WKX\ӃW FKӫ
QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ 7UѭӟF ÿk\ QJѭӡL WD VQJ EiL {QJ 0iF /rQLQ 6WDOLQ
Yj ÿӃQ {QJ +ӗ [HP {QJ WD Oj PӝW FRQ QJѭӡL WX\ӋW ÿӕL WKiQK WKLӋQ Yj
NK{QJ Fy Ju VDL OҫP Fҧ

+ӑ FӕW OjP YLӋF ҩ\ FKӍ ÿӇ GX\ WUu KuQK ҧQK KӧS SKiS FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ
VҧQ WURQJ NKL ӣ WKӃ JLӟL QJѭӡL WD ÿӅX ELӃW U} Oj FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ Yj
KӑF WKX\ӃW 0iF /r ÿm WӋ KҥL UD VDR %k\ JLӡ Fҧ &KkX ÆX ÿm UD QJKӏ
TX\ӃW OrQ iQ FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ KLӋQ WKӵF &Kӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ Eӏ FҩP
NK{QJ ÿӵѫF WUX\ӅQ Ei ӣ %D /DQ FKҷQJ KҥQ

Ӣ 0ӻ NK{QJ FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FӝQJ VҧQ QKұS WӏFK YjR QѭӟF 0ӻ
Tháng 6 tӟL ÿk\ VӁ NKiQK WKjQK WѭӧQJ ÿài kӹ QLӋP QKӳQJ QҥQ QKkQ FӫD

274 LONG ĐIỀN

FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ WUrQ NKҳS WKӃ JLӟL WURQJ ÿy Fy KѫQ WULӋX QJѭӡL
Nga, 40 triӋX QJѭӡL 7UXQJ 4XӕF FQJ FiF QҥQ QKkQ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP FӫD
FiF Yө iQ FKtQK WUӏ FӫD &ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Y Y

&ҧ QKkQ ORҥL YăQ PLQK NKL ÿm ELӃW U} FKӫ QJKƭD FӝQJ VҧQ ÿm ÿӵѫF
WKӵF KLӋQ Yj Jk\ WDL KRҥ QKѭ WKӃ QjR QJѭӡL WD FzQ Yt YRQ Oj Qy FzQ WӋ
KҥL KѫQ FKӫ QJKƭD SKiW [tW QӳD Fѫ Pj

ĈkX Oj Vӵ WKұW"
Trà Mi: Xung quanh hình ҧQK FӫD QKkQ YұW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Fy UҩW
QKLӅX KX\ӅQ WKRҥL FNJQJ QKѭ QKӳQJ OӡL ÿӗQ ÿmL NKiF QKDX NKLӃQ FKR
QKLӅX QJѭӡL WUҿ EӕL UӕL NK{QJ ELӃW ÿkX Oj Vӵ WKұW 7KHR NLQK QJKLӋP Yà
Vӵ KLӇX ELӃW FӫD {QJ {QJ Fy QKӳQJ Ju PXӕQ FKLD Vҿ YӟL TXê WKtQK JLҧ
ÿһF ELӋW Oj WKӃ KӋ WUҿ"
&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ 7XәL WUҿ Ek\ JLӡ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKҩW Oj FҫQ Fy Wѭ
GX\ ÿӝF OұS 7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ Ju PuQK WLӃS WKX ÿӵѫF QrQ VjQJ OӑF TXD Eӝ
yF VX\ QJKƭ FӫD PuQK [HP ÿ~QJ KD\ VDL 9Ӆ YLӋF Kӑ FD QJӧL ÿҥR ÿӭF
+&0 W{L QJKƭ WXәL WUҿ FҫQ SKҧL ELӃW U} Oj {QJ +ӗ WURQJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK
PҥQJ ÿm Fy VDL OҫP OӟQ WӭF Oj JLҧ GӕL QKLӅX OҳP

0ӝW Yt Gө ÿѫQ JLҧQ Oj {QJ WD Wӵ YLӃW UD TX\ӇQ ViFK QyL YӅ WLӇX Vӱ FӫD
PuQK Nê WrQ Oj 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ 7URQJ ÿy YLӃW UҵQJ EiF +ӗ UҩW NKLrP WӕQ
NK{QJ PXӕQ QyL Ju ÿӃQ Fi QKkQ FӫD PuQK FKR QrQ WiF JLҧ SKҧL ÿL Wìm
KLӇX Wӯ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL NKiF [XQJ TXDQK ÿӇ YLӃW YӅ +&0 1JRài ra, trong
ÿy FzQ JKL Oj +&0 NK{QJ Fy Yӧ FzQ VXӕW ÿӡL FKӍ QJKƭ ÿӃQ GkQ WӝF WKӃ
QKѭQJ WKұW UD {QJ WD Fy QKLӅX Yӧ

ĈLӅX Qj\ ÿm ÿӵѫF FKӭQJ PLQK ÿҫ\ ÿӫ QKѭ {QJ WD ÿm FѭӟL Ej 7ăQJ
7XêrW 0LQK ӣ 4XҧQJ &KkX 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fy U} Fҧ QJj\ JLӡ JLҩ\ hôn
WK~ ҧQK Yj WKѭ Wӯ Fѫ Pj

5ӗL VDX Qj\ NKL {QJ YӅ +j 1ӝL UӗL QJѭӡL WD FNJQJ ELӃW Oà chính
{QJ 7UҫQ 4XӕF +RjQJ ÿm Eӕ WUt FKR {QJ +ӗ PӝW F{ WrQ Oj 1{QJ 7Kӏ
;XkQ KjQJ WXҫQ OӉ YjR JһS {QJ Yj {QJ +ӗ ÿm Fy FRQ Oj DQK 1JX\ӉQ
7ҩW 7UXQJ QăP QD\ ÿm KѫQ WXәL 7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ FKX\ӋQ ÿy W{L QJKƭ
Oj FK~QJ WD FҫQ SKҧL ELӃW WX\ Oj FKX\ӋQ ULrQJ QKѭQJ FNJQJ SKҧL ELӃW ÿӇ
ÿiQK JLi

1KӳQJ WjL OLӋX FҩP OѭX KjQK
Trà Mi: 1KӳQJ ÿLӅX {QJ QyL Fy QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX QjR [iF WKӵF Fө WKӇ
Yj QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX ÿy Ek\ JLӡ ÿDQJ ӣ ÿkX"
&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ 1KӳQJ WjL OLӋX ҩ\ +j 1ӝL FҩP OѭX KjQK QKѭQJ
KLӋQ QD\ WURQJ JLӟL QJKLrQ FӭX WKu QJѭӡL WD ELӃW Fҧ UӗL 1KҩW Oà trong
QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX ÿӵѫF F{QJ Eӕ ӣ 7UXQJ 4XӕF FӫD FiF KӑF JLҧ ӣ +RD 1DP

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 275

ÿm QyL YӅ PӕL WuQK Yj ÿiP FѭӟL JLӳD {QJ +ӗ Yj Ej 7ăQJ 7X\ӃW 0LQK
%j 0LQK VӕQJ ÿӃQ WXәL

7UѭӟF ÿy Pҩ\ PѭѫL QăP Ej FzQ PXӕQ WuP OLrQ OҥF ÿӇ JһS OҥL {QJ
+ӗ WKӃ QKѭQJ {QJ +ӗ NK{QJ ÿӵѫF SKpS Yj FNJQJ NK{QJ PXӕQ &KtQK
{QJ /r 'XҭQ Yj /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿm QJăQ FҧQ FKX\ӋQ ÿy 1KӳQJ FKX\ӋQ ÿy
WURQJ JLӟL Vӱ KӑF Yj WUt WKӭF QJѭӡL WD ELӃW WҩW Fҧ UӗL QKѭQJ YүQ Fӭ FKH
GҩX /~F Qj\ Oj O~F FҫQ SKҧL PLQK EҥFK U} UjQJ ÿӇ PӑL QJѭӡL ÿӵѫF ELӃW
ÿӵѫF ÿ~QJ Vӵ WKұW QKѭ WKӃ QjR

Trà Mi: +ӗL Qm\ {QJ Fy QKҳF WӟL QJѭӡL WiF JLҧ Nê WrQ 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ
YLӃW YӅ FXӝF ÿӡL Yj QKkQ FiFK ÿҥR ÿӭF FӫD Fө +ӗ FNJQJ FKtQK Oj +&0
ÐQJ Fy EҵQJ FKӭQJ QjR [iF WKӵF FKR OXұQ ÿLӇP Qj\ KD\ NK{QJ"

&ӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ ĈLӅX Qj\ W{L ELӃW Wӯ NKL FzQ ӣ WURQJ QѭӟF
1ăP NKL Nӹ QLӋP QăP QJj\ VLQK FӫD {QJ +&0 WKu FKtQK
9LӋQ Vӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP FKtQK WUrQ EiR 1KkQ GkQ Wӡ EiR FӫD ĈҧQJ FӝQJ
VҧQ QyL U} Oj {QJ +ӗ WURQJ FXӝF ÿӡL ÿm GQJ ÿӃQ KѫQ Et GDQK NKiF
QKDX WURQJ ÿy Fy Et GDQK 7UҫQ 'kQ 7LrQ Yj NKҷQJ ÿӏQK U} UҵQJ FXӕQ
³ 1KӳQJ PүX FKX\ӋQ YӅ ÿӡL VӕQJ FӫD FKӫ WӏFK +&0´ Oj GR FKtQK {QJ
+ӗ YLӃW UD

&iL ÿy Fy SKҧL Oj GR DL EӏD UD ÿkX Pj ÿm FKtQK WKӭF ÿӵѫF FKӃ ÿӝ
FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ +j 1ӝL F{QJ QKұQ Fѫ Pj

'R ÿy W{L QJKƭ Oj WXәL WUҿ WURQJ QѭӟF QKҩW Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL QJKLrQ
FӭX OӏFK Vӱ FҫQ SKҧL WuP KLӇX FKR U} UjQJ Vӵ WKұW NK{QJ ÿӏQK NLӃQ
NK{QJ FKӱL UӫD QKѭQJ QKұQ WKӭF FKR ÿ~QJ Oj Fy WKұW FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /r
Oj WDL KRҥ WURQJ KLӋQ WKӵF KD\ NK{QJ Fө +ӗ Oj FRQ QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF Pj
PDQJ YӅ PӝW KӑF WKX\ӃW VDL OҫP WKu QJX\ KLӇP QKѭ WKӃ QjR

Ĉm ÿӃQ O~F SKҧL WӍQK QJӝ Pj WKD\ ÿәL VX\ QJKƭ Yj Wӯ Eӓ Qy FKӭ
Trà Mi: ;LQ FҧP ѫQ WKӡL JLDQ {QJ ÿm GjQK FKR FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ Qj\
9ӯD UӗL Oj TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD FӵX ÿҥL Wi %L 7tQ FӵX ÿҧQJ YLrQ ĈҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QJѭӡL ÿm WUҧL TXD SKkQ QӱD TXmQJ ÿӡL VӕQJ Yj OjP
YLӋF WKHR Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
7KӃ FzQ VX\ QJKƭ Yj FҧP QKұQ FӫD WKӃ KӋ WUҿ QJj\ QD\ YӅ +ӗ
&Kӫ WӏFK UD VDR" 0ӡL TXê Yӏ ÿyQ QJKH FXӝF KӝL OXұQ JLӳD FiF WKDQK
QLrQ WURQJ Yj QJRjL QѭӟF [XQJ TXDQK ÿӅ WjL Qj\ WURQJ FKX\rQ
PөF ³'LӉQ ÿjQ EҥQ WUҿ´ SKiW WKDQK YjR ViQJ WKӭ Wѭ WӟL ÿk\

© Radio Free Asia

276 LONG ĐIỀN

PhҧQ KӗL FKR ³1Kà sӱ KӑF +j YăQ 7KӏQK
QyL YӅ +ӗ FKt 0LQK´

ĈҥL 1JKƭD
http://xoathantuong2.tripod.com/dn_phanhoi.htm

³/jP WKҫ\ WKXӕF VDL OҫP Fy WKӇ KҥL PӝW PҥQJ QJѭӡL
Làm chính trӏ VDL OҫP Fy WKӇ KҥL PӝW WKӃ KӋ
/jP YăQ KyD VDL OҫP Fy WKӇ KҥL PX{Q ÿӡL´

/mR 7ӱ

Ĉ&9 RQOLQH QJj\
© ĈҥL 1JKƭD VѭX WҫP

‹ĈjQ &KLP 9LӋW
http://www.danchimviet.info/archives/34923

1KұQ ÿӏQK FXҧ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YӇ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP

&y WKӇ QyL FKѭD Fy PӝW QKkQ YұW OӏFK Vӱ QjR Pj PXӕQ ÿL WuP QKӳQJ
OӡL SKiW ELӇX FKkQ WKұW GR FKtQK QKkQ YұW ҩ\ QyL NKy QKѭ WUѭӡQJ KӧS
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK %ӣL Yu WUrQ ViFK EiR ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP
JӑW JLӫD FҳW [pQ FҭQ WKұQ WUѭӟF NKL SKә ELӃQ F{QJ FӝQJ +RһF JLҧ VDX
NKL F{QJ Eӕ WKҩ\ EҩW OӧL KD\ Fy SKҧQ ӭQJ FӫD GkQ FK~QJ WKu %ӝ &KtQK
7Uӏ OҥL FҳW [pQ PӝW OҫQ QӳD 7RjQ Eӝ YăQ NLӋQ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ +ӗ &Kt
0LQK Wӯ FiF KXҩQ OӋQK GLӇQ YăQ SKiW ELӇX WKҧ\ ÿӅX WұS WUXQJ WURQJ
Eӝ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS 0ӝW Eӝ VѭX WұS ÿӗ Vӝ JӗP TX\ӇQ
ViFK Gj\ WUăP WUDQJ PӛL TX\ӇQ Eӝ ViFK Pj ÿҧQJ &691 W{ YӁ
FKR ÿy Oj EDR JӗP WRjQ Eӝ ³7ѭ 7ѭӣQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´.

7KұW UD WRjQ Eӝ F{QJ WUuQK Qҫ\ Oj Vӵ ÿyQJ JyS FӫD UҩW QKLӅX QJѭӡL
QҵP WURQJ %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ %DQ &KҩS +jQK 7UXQJ 8ѫQJ PӝW EDQ ELrQ WұS
ÿ{QJ ÿҧR JӗP FiF QKkQ YұW ÿҫX QҧR FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 %DQ 7X\rQ +XҩQ
7UXQJ ѬѫQJ %DQ 1JKLrQ &ӭX /ӏFK 6ӱ ĈҧQJ %ӝ Pi\ WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ FӫD
ĈҧQJ &691 GӕF KӃW WRjQ WkP WRjQ FKt YjR Eӝ ViFK Qҫ\ YӯD WKҫQ WKiQK
KRi KuQK WѭӧQJ +&0 YӯD ÿӅ FDR YDL WUz FӫD ÿҧQJ

+ӑ FҳW [pQ WUDX FKXӕF WӯQJ FKӳ WӯQJ OӡL VDR FKR WUѫQ WUX QJӑW OӏP
ÿӇ FKR QKӳQJ DL ÿӑF YjR WKu QKѭ OӑW YjR ³Pr KӗQ WUұQ´ 1ӃX QyL ÿk\ Oj
Eӝ ViFK WLӃX OkP QyL GӕL ÿҥL WjL WKu FNJQJ NK{QJ QJRD QӃX QyL ÿy Oj Eӝ
Vӱ QyL QJѭӧF FNJQJ ÿѭӧF Yu WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX JKL WURQJ Eӝ ViFK Qҫ\
KRjQ WRjQ WUiL QJѭӧF YӟL Vӵ WKұW OjP PӝW ÿjQJ QyL PӝW QҿR 7URQJ SKҫQ
EuQK OXұQ WiF JLҧ VӁ SKkQ WtFK QKӳQJ ÿLӅX JLDQ GӕL ÿәL WUҳQJ WKjQK ÿHQ
WURQJ Eӝ NLQK ÿLӇQ Qҫ\ FQJ TXê EҥQ ÿӑF ÿӇ WKҩ\ FiL WjL QyL GӕL FӫD +ӗ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 277

&Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &691 ÿҥW ÿӃQ PѭF ÿӝ QjR Yj ÿm WKjQK F{QJ WURQJ
YLӋF OӯD JҥW FKҷQJ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ QѭӟF Pj FzQ OӯD
JҥW ÿѭӧF FiF EuQK OXұQ JLD WUt WKӭF QJRҥL TXӕF FiF OmQK Wө VLrX FѭӡQJ
WKӃ PӟL JӑL Oj WjL WuQK QKѭ PӝW ҧR WKXұW JLD QKѭ DQK 6ѫQ Ĉ{QJ PmL Y}
QyL OiR EiQ WKXӕF GҥR Pj DL QJKH FNJQJ KDP

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK FzQ QKLӅX WjL OҳP Pj NK{QJ SKҧL DL FNJQJ OjP
ÿѭӧF WjL GLӉQ [XҩW QKѭ PӝW GLӉQ YLrQ ÿLӋQ ҧQK FKX\rQ QJKLӋS PӝW
NӏFK Vƭ WjL ED PӝW 1KҥF %ҩW 4XҫQ QJө\ TXkQ Wӱ Pj QJD\ Fҧ Yӧ FRQ
EҵQJ KӳX ÿӋ Wӱ FӫD {QJ WD FNJQJ FzQ OҫP

&KR QrQ FKӕQ JLDQJ Kӗ QKӳQJ DL FKѭD VӕQJ JҫQ VӕQJ ViW KLӇX WKҩX
ÿiR YӅ QKkQ YұW VLrX ÿҧQJ Qҫ\ WKҧ\ ÿӅX OҫP OҫP Yj OҫP Oj ÿ~QJ WK{L .KL
PӝW QJѭӡL QjR ÿy ÿѭD UD FiF EҵQJ FKӭQJ Vӵ WKұW YӅ FRQ QJѭӡL WKұW FӫD
+&0 WKu OұS WӭF Fy KjQJ WUăP KjQJ QJjQ QJѭӡL SKҧQ ÿӕL QJD\ NK{QJ
SKҧL Kӑ Oj WD\ VDL FӫD &6 SKҧL ErQK YӵF FKR &6 Pj Oj Yu Kӑ OҫP FKD Pҽ
Kӑ OҫP {QJ Ej Kӑ OҫP Yj ÿӃQ Kӑ WUҧL TXD QKLӅX ÿӡL WKҧ\ ÿӅX OҫP

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ÿҧQJ &6 JLӃW FKӗQJ PuQK Fy QJѭӡL Fy FKD Eӏ WKӫ WLrX YҩW [iF Fy
QJѭӡL FKD {QJ QӝL Eӏ KjQK Kҥ [Ӎ QKөF JLӃW KҥL Pj Kӑ YүQ WUXQJ
WKjQK W{Q WKӡ WKҫQ WѭӧQJ Pj Kӑ WUyW W{Q WKӡ 58 Ĉy Oj QKӳQJ Vӵ NLӋQ
OӏFK Vӱ Et ҭQ NKy Oê JLҧL

9u VDR" 9u WKӫ ÿRҥQ OӯD ÿҧR ÿӃQ PӭF WLQK YL GLӉQ YLrQ ÿyQJ WXӗQJ
UҩW WKұW FKR QrQ Kӑ ÿm QKҫP DQK QKҫP W{L,QKҫP PӑL QJѭӡL QKҫP
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QJѭӡL ViQJ PҳW UD JLiF QJӝ ÿѭӧF QKӡ Fѫ PD\ QKӡ Fy VX\ Wѭ WuP KLӇX
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PuQK 3KҧQ WӍQK FNJQJ Fy QăP Eҧ\ ÿѭӡQJ SKҧQ WӍQK KjQK [ӱ VDX NKL
SKҧQ WӍQK FNJQJ Fy KjQJ FKөF FiFK NKiF QKDX Yu Kӑ NK{QJ Fy FzQ ÿѭӡQJ
WKRiL OXL Eӓ ÿҧQJ FKӟ ÿӯQJ QyL Oj SKҧQ ÿҧQJ

-&y QJѭӡL ELӃW PuQK GҥL NKӡ NK{QJ GiP QJӓ FQJ DL Yu Vӧ WKLӋQ
Kҥ FKr FѭӡL 1JұP PLӋQJ JLҧ FkP JLҧ ÿLӃF JLҧ P QKѭ KjQJ QJjQ
KjQJ YҥQ QJѭӡL WUyW WKHR ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QăP 1KѭQJ Yu VӕQJ
WURQJ [m KӝL NӅP NҽS ÿm TXHQ OjP NKiF ÿL WKu FKѭD GiP &KӍ ELӃW
FKXD [yW FKR FXӝF ÿӡL QKѭ Ej EiF Vƭ 'ѭѫQJ,4XǤQK +RD /XұW 6ѭ
NguyӉQ +ӳX 7Kӑ 3Ky &Kӫ WӏFK 7{Q ĈӭF 7KҳQJ Y Y

&y QJѭӡL ELӃW ÿѭӧF PuQK KqQ EDR,QăP VӕQJ WURQJ GӕL WUi WNJL QKөF
OһQJ WKLQK FKR ÿӃQ WXәL PӟL GiP ÿҩP QJӵF NrX WUӡL ´+ӗL .ê FӫD
PӝW WKҵQJ KqQ´FKӍ PӟL YLӃW UD SK{ Ej\ UD FiL QӛL KqQ FӫD FKtQK PuQK
FKӭ FKѭD GiP NrX JӑL DL FQJ ÿӭQJ OrQ GҽS FiL iF FiL [ҩX [D Pj PuQK

278 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿm Gj\ F{QJ EӗL ÿҳS 1KѭQJ SKҧL Fy VӕQJ WURQJ [m KӝL &ӝQJ VҧQ QKѭ
WUѭӡQJ KӧS QKҥF Vƭ 7{ +ҧL EiF Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ
Y Y 3KҧL QKuQ WұQ PҳW QKӳQJ KuQK SKҥW Gm PDQ Pj ÿҧQJ &691 Gành
FKR QKӳQJ DL SKҧQ ÿҧQJ F{QJ NKDL FKӍ WUtFK ÿҧQJ WKu PӟL WK{QJ FҧP
PӟL WKiQ SKөF Vӵ ÿӕL NKiQJ ÿҫ\ FDQ ÿҧP FӫD Kӑ

&y QJѭӡL FDQ ÿҧP KѫQ VDX NKL SKҧQ WӍQK WKҩ\ PuQK Fy WUiFK QKLӋP
WK{QJ WLQ FKR QKӳQJ DL FKѭD U} YӅ ÿҧQJ &6 ÿӇ Kӑ WKӭF WӍQK 1KѭQJ ÿiQJ
NKkP SKөF QKҩW Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL SKҧQ WӍQK Pj OҥL GiP ÿӭQJ Oên tham
JLD FiF SKRQJ WUjR WUDQK ÿҩX ÿzL KӓL QKkQ TX\ӅQ ÿy Oj EҵQJ FKӭQJ Kùng
KӗQ QKҩW FKR Vӵ SKҧQ WӍQK YӱQJ FKҳF FӫD Kӑ %ӣL Yu FKӍ QyL OrQ QKӳQJ
WӝL iF QKӳQJ VDL OҫP FӫD ÿҧQJ &6 WKu FKӍ PӟL ÿL ÿRҥQ ÿѭӡQJ 6DX
QKұQ WKӭF WKu SKҧL Fy QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ Fө WKӇ ÿӇ FKXӝF OҥL QKӳQJ KұX
TXҧ Pj Kӑ ÿm Jk\ UD FKR ÿӗQJ EjR NKL FzQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKR ÿҧQJ &691

0XӕQ WuP KLӇX QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW
1DP WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ Fy UҩW QKLӅX WjL OLӋX QKLӅX F{QJ WUình
QJKLrQ FӭX QKѭQJ Fy OӁ WjL OLӋX FKtQK WKӭF QKҩW ÿҫ\ ÿӫ QKҩW WұS
WUXQJ WURQJ Eӝ ³+ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS´JӗP TX\ӇQ NKә OӟQ,ҩQ
EҧQ , 1;% 6ӵ WKұW ҩQ EҧQ ,, 1;% &KtQK WUӏ 4XӕF JLD
(1995-1996)

1 9ͣL F˱˯QJ Y͓ 8ͽ YLrQ %DQ 3K˱˯QJ Ĉ{QJ FͯD 4X͙F W͇ &͡QJ V̫Q
SKͭ WUiFK 9ăQ SKzQJ 3K˱˯QJ 1DP 1JX\͍Q iL 4X͙F ÿ̫P QK̵Q YL͏F
WUX\͉Q Ei FKͯ QJKƭD F͡QJ V̫Q YjR FKkX È QyL FKXQJ Yj Ĉ{QJ '˱˯QJ
QyL ULrQJ WKHR G}L Yj FK͑ ÿ̩R SKRQJ WUjR FiFK P̩QJ ͧ P͡W V͙ Q˱ͣF
FKX̱Q E͓ P͕L ÿL͉X NL͏Q FKR YL͏F WKjQK O̵S FKtQK ÿ̫QJ FͯD JLDL F̭S Y{
V̫Q Ĉ͛QJ WKͥL 1J˱ͥL GjQK QKL͉X WKu JLͥ WU͹F WL͇S OmQK ÿ̩R FiFK P̩QJ
Vi͏W 1DP ÿ̿F EL͏W TXDQ WkP ÿ͇Q YL͏F UD ÿͥL FͯD Ĉ̫QJ Ĉ͙L YͣL O͓FK V͵
FiFK P̩QJ Q˱ͣF WD Fy WK͋ FRL QKͷQJ QăP Oj WKͥL JLDQ &Kͯ
W͓FK +͛ &Kt 0LQK WU͹F WL͇S FKX̱Q E͓ Y͉ FKtQK WU͓ W˱ W˱ͧQJ Yj W͝ FKͱF
ÿ͋ WL͇Q WͣL V͹ NL͏Q WU͕QJ ÿ̩L Qj\ Ĉ͙L YͣL SKRQJ WUjR FiFK P̩QJ FiF
Q˱ͣF SK˱˯QJ Ĉ{QJ FKͯ \͇X ͧ FKkX È 1J˱ͥL FNJQJ Fy QKL͉X ÿyQJ Jyp
FKR FX͡F ÿ̭X WUDQK JL̫L SKyQJ GkQ W͡F Yj V͹ WK̷QJ OͫL FͯD FKͯ QJKƭD
F͡QJ V̫Q

+&0 7RjQ 7ұSTX\ӇQ SKҫQ JLӟL WKLӋX WUDQJ

2- ³6DX J̯Q P˱ͥL QăP WuP ÿ˱ͥQJ FͱX Q˱ͣF ÿ̿W FKkQ OrQ QKL͉X
FKkX OͭF WL͇Q KjQK NK̫R ViW FKͯ QJKƭD WK͹F GkQ ÿ͇ TX͙F ͧ FiF Q˱ͣF W˱
E̫Q FKͯ \͇X Yj QKL͉X Q˱ͣF WKX͡F ÿ͓D FͯD FK~QJ &Kͯ W͓FK +͛ &Kt 0LQK
ÿm VͣP QK̵Q WKͱF ÿ˱ͫF [X K˱ͣQJ SKiW WUL͋Q FͯD WKͥL ÿ̩L Wͳ P͡W QJ˱ͥL
\rX Q˱ͣF Q͛QJ QKL͏W 1J˱ͥL ÿm E̷W J̿S FKͯ QJKƭD 0iF /rQLQ WUͧ
WKjQK QJ˱ͥL F͡QJ V̫Q 7ͳ ÿy 1J˱ͥL U~W UD N͇W OX̵Q ³0X͙Q FͱX Q˱ͣF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 279

Yj JL̫L SKyQJ GkQ W͡F NK{QJ Fy FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ QjR NKiF FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ FiFK
P̩QJ Y{ V̫Q´ Ĉy Oj FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ FiFK P̩QJ GkQ FKͯ W˱ V̫Q NL͋X PͣL
GR Ĉ̫QJ WLrQ SKRQJ FͯD JLDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ OmQK ÿ̩R QK̹P ÿiQK ÿ͝
ÿ͇ TX͙F Yj SKRQJ NL͇Q WD\ VDL JLjQK ÿ͡F O̵S GkQ W͡F WK͹F KL͏Q
QJ˱ͥL Fj\ Fy UX͡QJ VDX ÿy WL͇Q OrQ OjP FiFK P̩QJ [m K͡L FKͯ QJKƭD
WK͹F KL͏Q FKͯ QJKƭD [m K͡L Yj FKͯ QJKƭD F͡QJ V̫Q ͧ 9L͏W 1DP Ĉy Oj
ÿ˱ͥQJ O͙L JL˱˯QJ FDR QJ͕Q Fͥ ÿ͡F O̵S GkQ W͡F Yj FKͯ QJKƭD [m K͡L N͇W
KͫS FKͯ QJKƭD \rX Q˱ͣF Yj FKͯ QJKƭD TX͙F W͇ FͯD JLDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ
N͇W KͫS VͱF P̩QK GkQ W͡F Yj VͱF P̩QK WKͥL ÿ̩L QK̹P ÿL WͣL PͭF WLêu
FDR F̫ Oj JL̫L SKyQJ GkQ W͡F JL̫L SKyQJ [m K͡L Yj JL̫L SKyQJ FRQ
QJ˱ͥL Ĉy FNJQJ Oj QӝL GXQJ WәQJ TXiW FӫD Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ´

(+ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ WұS WUDQJ 3KҫQ JLӟL WKLӋX WұS 1Kj [XҩW
EҧQ FKtQK WUӏ TXӕF JLD +j 1ӝL ± ).

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Ĉy Oj PӝW QKұQ ÿӏQK VDL OҫP QKӳQJ OӵD FKӑQ VDL OҫP QKѭQJ EҩW
KҥQK WKD\ FKR WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP QKұQ ÿӏQK Qҫ\ OҥL ÿѭӧF {QJ +ӗ PӝW
WKXӝF Kҥ FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ ÿHP YjR iS GөQJ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP ÐQJ
WD ÿm GQJ ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QKѭ PӝW F{QJ Fө ÿӇ ÿҥW PөF WLêu
FӫD Fi QKkQ {QJ QKѭQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL TXD FiF ÿҧQJ YLrQ &691 {QJ ÿã
GүQ WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿL YjR PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ WjQ NKӕF Yj Fy WKӇ QyL
NK{QJ QJRD ÿk\ Oj FXӝF FKLӃQ Pj WKLӋW KҥL QKkQ PҥQJ FDR QKҩW WKӃ JLӟL
FӫD PӝW TXӕF JLD WURQJ WKӃ Nӹ FKӍ ÿӭQJ VDX ĈӋ 1KҩW Yj ĈӋ 1Kӏ 7KӃ
&KLӃQ WKHR WKӕQJ Nr FӫD QKLӅX QJXӗQ WKu WKLӋW KҥL QKkQ PҥQJ WKѭӡQJ
GkQ Wӯ ÿӃQ Yj ELQK Vƭ FӫD Fҧ PLӅQ
1DP %ҳF JҫQ ELQK Vƭ ÿӗQJ PLQK FӫD SKH Yj JҫQ
WKѭѫQJ ELQK 59 0ӝW WәQ WKҩW QKkQ PҥQJ TXi OӟQ
;LQ [HP EҧQ WәQJ NӃW WKѭѫQJ YRQJ SKtD WURQJ :LNLSHGLD

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95n_th%E1%BA%A5t_
nh%C3%A2n_m%E1%BA%A1ng_trong_Chi%E1%BA%BFn_
tranh_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam : TәQ WKҩW QKkQ PҥQJ WURQJ &KLӃQ
WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP

QJѭQJ WUtFK
7UѭӟF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FiF QKj iL TXӕF FKkQ FKtQK FNJQJ ÿm ÿӑF TXD
[HP [pW TXD YӅ FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QKѭ FiF Fө 3KDQ %ӝL &KkX 3KDQ
&KX 7ULQK &ѭӡQJ ĈӇ Y Y QKѭQJ Kӑ ÿm VӟP QKұQ WKӭF Oj FKӫ QJKƭD
CӝQJ 6ҧQ Fy QKӳQJ VDL OҫP Wӯ FăQ EҧQ PӝW FKӫ WKX\ӃW ÿӝF KҥL NK{QJ
WѭӣQJ Jk\ FKLD UӁ 'kQ 7ӝF QrQ FiF QKj &iFK PҥQJ 9LӋW 1DP [D OiQK
FKӫ QJKƭD QJRҥL ODL Qҫ\ &KӍ Fy +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj FiF QKkQ YұW WKLrQ FӝQJ
nhҩW PӵF ÿHP iS GөQJ FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Yào ViӋW 1DP61 .

280 LONG ĐIỀN

7KѭѫQJ YRQJ KDL SKLi ViӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ Kòa và
9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ KzD 0һW WUұQ 'kQ WӝF *LҧL SKyQJ 0LӅQ 1DP
&KӃW a 9LӋW 1DP
ChӃW Yà mҩW WtFK a
%ӏ WKѭѫQJ a
ChӃ+W R D . Ǥ [ 3] Bӏ WKѭѫQJ a
0ҩW WtFK 7UXQJ 4XӕF
%ӏ WKѭѫQJ [4]
9ѭѫQJ TXӕF /jR &KӃW [8]
&KӃW Bӏ WKѭѫQJ [8]
%ӏ WKѭѫQJ NK{QJ U} [5]
&+'&1' 7ULӅX 7LrQ
+jQ 4XӕF Wӱ WUұQ
&KӃW [3] 7UXQJ 4XӕF
%ӏ WKѭѫQJ SKL F{QJ FKӃW

Úc Wӱ WUұQ
FKӃW [3] Liên Xô
Eӏ WKѭѫQJ

New Zealand KhoҧQJ TXkQ QKkQ ;{ 9LӃW WKDP JLD
FKӃW vào ChiӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ ÿy Fy
Eӏ WKѭѫQJ TXkQ QKkQ WKLӋW PҥQJ

7әQJ Vӕ FKӃW a
7әQJ Vӕ Eӏ WKѭѫQJ a

7әQJ Vӕ FKӃW a
7әQJ Vӕ Eӏ WKѭѫQJ a ~ 7KѭӡQJ GkQ 9LӋW
Nam PLӅQ ±

7KѭӡQJ GkQ &DPSXFKLD: ~700.000*
7KѭӡQJ GkQ /jR: ~50.000*

&KLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK WӕQ
NpP QKҩW WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ QKkQ ORҥL WURQJ NKL +RD .Ǥ YLӋQ WUӧ FKR 9LӋW
1DP &ӝQJ +zD 0LӅQ 1DP 91 WKu 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ +zD
0LӅQ %ăF 91 FNJQJ QKұQ ÿѭӧF Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ WR OӟQ Wӯ SKtD 7UXQJ 4XӕF
/LrQ ;{ Yj NKӕL FiF QѭӟF [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD NKiF 9LӋQ WUӧ QѭӟF QJRjL
Fy YDL WUz Yj WiF ÿӝQJ WR OӟQ ÿӃQ TX\ P{ FѭӡQJ ÿӝ Yj KuQK WKiL FKLӃQ
WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP

(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_
Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)

&NJQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL QKѭ 9LӋW 1DP FiF QѭӟF Ĉ{QJ 1DP È &KkX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 281

3KL Yj ҨQ Ĉӝ WLӃQ KjQK FKLӃQ WUDQK JLjQK ÿӝF OұS Wӯ WD\ 7KӵF 'kQ
3KiS $QK +Rj /DQ Y Y WKLӋW KҥL FKӍ EҵQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP

-(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_
qu%E1%BB%91c_th%E1%BB%B1c_d%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%A1p)

3 ´7URQJ EjL ³/rQLQ Yj FiF GkQ W͡F WKX͡F ÿ͓D´ 1J˱ͥL YL͇W ³/rQLQ
Oj QJ˱ͥL ÿ̯X WLrQ ÿm KL͋X Yj ÿiQK JLi K͇W W̯P TXDQ WU͕QJ OͣQ ODR FͯD
YL͏F O{L FX͙Q QKkQ GkQ FiF Q˱ͣF WKX͡F ÿ͓D YjR SKRQJ WUjR FiFK P̩QJ
/rQLQ Oj QJ˱ͥL ÿ̯X WLrQ ÿm FK͑ U} U̹QJ Q͇X NK{QJ Fy V͹ WKDP JLD FͯD
FiF GkQ W͡F WKX͡F ÿ͓D WKu FiFK P̩QJ [m K͡L NK{QJ WK͋ Fy ÿ˱ͫF´ WU
136).

7URQJ PӝW EjL NKiF FQJ QKDQ ÿӅ QKѭQJ ÿӇ QyL YӟL FiF GkQ WӝF Eӏ
iS EӭF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YLӃW “.KL FzQ V͙QJ /rQLQ Oj QJ˱ͥL WK̯\ QJ˱ͥL
FKD FͯD QKkQ GkQ E͓ iS EͱF 6DX NKL P̭W 1J˱ͥL Oj QJ{L VDR FK͑ ÿ˱ͥQJ
WL͇Q WͣL V͹ QJKL͏S JL̫L SKyQJ YL ÿ̩L FͯD QKkQ GkQ E͓ iS EͱF ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK

4XD SKҫQ QKұQ ÿӏQK WUrQ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKR WKҩ\ +ӗ Oj QJѭӡL
W{Q VQJ /pQLQ QKѭ FKD Yj OX{Q [HP FiF FKӍ WKӏ FӫD /pQLQ Oj NLP FKӍ
QDP FKR PӑL KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 7KӵF WӃ /pQLQ FKӍ OӧL GөQJ
FiF WKjQK SKҫQ Eӏ iS EӭF ÿӇ OұW ÿә FKtQK TX\ӅQ Yj VDX NKL GjQK ÿѭӧF
TX\ӅQ KjQK WURQJ WD\ WKu FKtQK ÿҧQJ &6 4XӕF 7Ӄ Yj /pQLQ OҥL SKҧQ EӝL
Kӑ Yj FDL WUӏ Kj NKҳF FzQ KѫQ FKӃ ÿӝ 1JD +RjQJ

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ Yұ\ K{ KjR NrX JӑL F{QJ QKkQ Q{QJ GkQ Eӏ iS
EӭF ÿӭQJ OrQ OұW ÿә FKӃ ÿӝ FDL WUӏ FӫD 7KӵF GkQ 3KiS K{ KjR FKӫ QJKƭD
'kQ 7ӝF ÿӭQJ OrQ GjQK ĈӝF /ұS FKH GҩX FKӃ ÿӝ &ӝQJ VҧQ FKH GҩX
Vӵ OӋ WKXӝF FӫD &691 YӟL &647 ÿӇ UӗL VDX NKL GjQK ÿѭӧF ÿӝF OұS WKu
QJѭӡL GkQ 91 FzQ Eӏ FDL WUӏ Kj NKҳF KѫQ WKӡL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS

ĈӕL YӟL 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP +ӗ Yj ÿҧQJ &691 K{ KjR Q{QJ
GkQ F{QJ QKkQ QәL Gұ\ Yj FK~QJ OӧL GөQJ PӑL ELӋQ SKiS WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ
[X\rQ WҥF Vӵ FDL WUӏ FӫD FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD PӝW FKtQK SKӫ
KӧS KLӃQ KӧS SKiS Yj GkQ FKӫ ÿӇ UӗL VDX NKL FѭӟS ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ
0LӅQ 1DP WKu WRjQ WKӇ ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP Eӏ FDL WUӏ Kj NKҳF Yj PҩW Wӵ
GR GkQ FKӫ KѫQ FKӃ ÿӝ WUѭӟF JҩS EӝL SKҫQ

6ӵ KqQ Kҥ FӫD &691 QJj\ QD\ WUѭӟF 7UXQJ &ӝQJ QjR GkQJ ÿҩW
GkQJ ELӇQ ÿӇ FKR KjQJ KRi 7UXQJ &ӝQJ WUjQ QJұS ÿiQK VұS WLӇX WKӫ
F{QJ QJKLӋS WURQJ QѭӟF ÿӇ FKR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ YjR NKDL WKiF WjL QJX\rQ
NKRiQJ VҧQ WҥL 7k\ 1JX\rQ FKR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ GjQK ÿӝF TX\ӅQ ÿҩX WKҫX
FiF ÿҥL F{QJ WUuQK NLӃQ WKLӃW OjP FKR QӅQ F{QJ Nӻ QJKӋ 91 Eӏ ÿuQK WUӋ
WKmP KҥL F{QJ QKkQ WKҩW QJKLӋS WUҫP WUӑQJ Yu Eӏ F{QJ QKkQ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ
vào dành chә QJѭ GkQ Eӏ OҩQ ELӇQ ÿiQK Fi QѫL QjR WUrQ Oãnh hҧL 91

282 LONG ĐIỀN

FNJQJ Eӏ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ EҳQ JLӃW Eӓ W ÿzL WLӅQ FKXӝF KjQJ FKөF Yө Pj QKj
QѭӟF 91 OjP Oѫ NKLӃQ FKR QJѭӡL QJѭӡL RiQ JLұQ WKӃ JLӟL [HP WKѭӡQJ
OkQ EDQJ NKLQK UӁ QӛL TXӕF QKөF Qҫ\ VXӕW JҫQ QăP GӵQJ QѭӟF
FKѭD EDR JLӡ GkQ WD SKҧL JiQK FKӏX ÿӟQ ÿDX ÿӃQ QKѭ Yұ\

ĈһF ELӋW WURQJ WҩW Fҧ FiF FKtQK ViFK FDL WUӏ FӫD &69Q WKu FK~QJ OX{Q
luôn ³QyL PӝW ÿjQJ OjP PӝW QҿR´ 1yL ÿRjQ NӃW WKu OҥL Jk\ FKLD UӁ KұQ
WK SKkQ FKLD JLDL FҩS ÿҩX Wӕ OүQ QKDX QyL ÿӝF OұS WKu OҥL TXӷ Oө\ F~L
OzQ WUѭӟF QJRҥL EDQJ QyL Wӵ GR WKu OҥL GQJ FKtQK ViFK F{QJ DQ WUӏ EyS
QJKҽW GkQ FKӫ WURQJ PӑL OƭQK YӵF QyL F{QJ EҵQJ WKu ÿҧQJ YLrQ NKLQK
WKѭӡQJ OXұW SKiS ÿӭQJ WUrQ Fҧ +LӃQ 3KiS Yj OXұW SKiS 1yL WKӵF KLӋQ
KҥQK SK~F FKR WRjQ GkQ WKu Kӕ QJăQ FiFK JLjX QJKqR QJj\ FjQJ OӟQ
FXӝF VӕQJ ÿҥL ÿD Vӕ GkQ FK~QJ OҫP WKDQ NKә Vӣ WURQJ NKL ÿҧQJ YLrQ PһF
WuQK Yѫ YpW QKLӅX WrQ WURQJ ÿҧQJ &691 Fy PӭF WjL VҧQ OrQ ÿӃQ KjQJ
FKөF Wӻ 0ӻ NLP ´

Trang IX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WRjQ WұS WұS 2 1924 – 1930) ;XҩW EҧQ OҫQ
WKӭ KDL 1Kj [XҩW EҧQ FKtQK WUӏ TXӕF JLD +j 1ӝL ± .

³7ӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP Oj WKӡL JLDQ &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
KRҥW ÿӝQJ ӣ QѭӟF QJRjL WUrQ FѭѫQJ Yӏ Oj 8ӹ YLrQ %DQ SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ FӫD
4XӕF WӃ &ӝQJ VҧQ SKө WUiFK 9ăQ SKzQJ SKѭѫQJ 1DP Yj WUӵF WLӃS FKӍ
ÿҥR FiFK PҥQJ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

ĈҫX QăP &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm ViQJ OұS UD ĈҧQJ &ӝQJ
VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP &KiQK FѭѫQJ 6iFK OѭӧF ĈLӅX OӋ FӫD ĈҧQJ Yj /ӡL NrX
JӑL QKkQ GӏS WKjQK OұS ĈҧQJ GR 1JѭӡL VRҥQ WKҧR FQJ YӟL /XұQ FѭѫQJ
WKiQJ QăP GR 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ĈҧQJ WK{QJ TXD ÿm YҥFK UD ÿѭӡQJ
OӕL FKLӃQ OѭӧF ViFK OѭӧF FiFK PҥQJ WtQK FKҩW Yj QJX\rQ WҳF Wә FKӭF
ĈҧQJ ÿӝL WLrQ SKRQJ FӫD JLDL FҩS F{QJ QKkQ 9LӋW 1DP &iF YăQ NLӋQ
Qj\ WKӇ KLӋQ WLQK WKҫQ FiFK PҥQJ WULӋW ÿӇ Yj ViQJ WҥR NӃW KӧS ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ
Oê OXұQ YӟL WKӵF WLӉQ 9LӋW 1DP 4XDQ ÿLӇP Fѫ EҧQ FӫD FiF YăQ NLӋQ Qj\
Fy JLi WUӏ [X\rQ VXӕW FRQ ÿѭӡQJ FiFK PҥQJ QѭӟF WD Oj ÿӝF OұS GkQ WӝF
JҳQ OLӅQ YӟL FKӫ QJKƭD [m KӝL QKҵP WKӵF KLӋQ PөF WLrX ÿҥL QJKƭD FӫD
GkQ WӝF Oj ³9LӋW 1DP ÿӝF OұS´ ³9LӋW 1DP Wӵ GR´

7ӯ QѭӟF QJRjL 1JѭӡL ÿm QrX QKLӅX ê NLӃQ ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ ÿӇ QkQJ FDR
YDL WUz OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ ĈҧQJ SKҧL ³JLjQK ÿѭӧF ÿӏD Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR´
FӫQJ Fӕ ÿӏD Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ WUrQ Fѫ Vӣ TXҫQ FK~QJ WKӯD QKұQ
ĈҧQJ Oj ³PӝW Eӝ SKұQ WUXQJ WKjQK QKҩW KRҥW ÿӝQJ QKҩW Yj FKkQ WKӵF
QKҩW´ ³WKӯD QKұQ FKtQK ViFK ÿ~QJ ÿҳQ Yj QăQJ OӵF OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ´
(tr.139).”

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 283

7UDQJ 9,, 3KҫQ JLӟL WKLӋX WұS +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ WұS

QJѭQJ WUtFK

7URQJ SKҫQ Pӣ ÿҫX FӫD TX\ӇQ WURQJ %ӝ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS
ÿm [iF ÿӏQK Uӓ UjQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj PӝW FiQ Eӝ FӫD &6 4XӕF 7Ӄ OjP
YLӋF FKR &647 Yj Yu TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD &647 Pj WK{L 1KӳQJ OӡL NrX JӑL
ĈӝF /ұS 'kQ 7ӝF FNJQJ FKӍ QKҵP ³JLjQK ÿӏD Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR´ WURQJ F{QJ
FXӝF &iFK 0ҥQJ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ErQ QJRjL Oj ÿӇ ÿiQK OӯD GkQ
FK~QJ 9LӋW 1DP FKR F{QJ FXӝF &iFK 0ҥQJ 'kQ 7ӝF ÿӇ WuP KұX WKXүQ
FӫD TXҫQ FK~QJ QKѭQJ WKӵF FKҩW Oj ÿӇ SKөF Yө FKR 4XӕF 7Ӄ 9{ 6ҧQ
EӣL Yu NKL FҫQ QăP WKu &691 VҷQ VjQJ WXkQ KjQK FKӍ WKӏ FӫD
&647 ÿӇ WKRҧ KLӋS EҳW WD\ YӟL WKӵF GkQ ÿӇ WLrX GLӋW FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL TXӕF
JLD Oj FKtQK \ӃX 7URQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FKѭD FѭӟS ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ ÿҧQJ
&691 Yj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OX{Q FKH GҩX PөF WLrX &ӝQJ VҧQ &Kӫ 1JKLm Pj
FKӍ ÿѭD FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ĈӝF /ұS 'kQ 7ӝF ÿӇ WUDQK WKӫ Vӵ NJQJ Kӝ FӫD TXҫQ
chúng mà thôi.

%ҧQ WX\rQ QJ{Q ÿӝF OұS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿm ÿѭӧF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
VRҥQ WKҧR Yj ÿӑF WUѭӟF F{QJ FK~QJ WҥL YѭӡQ KRD %D ĈuQK QD\ Oj
TXҧQJ WUѭӡQJ %D ĈuQK WKiQJ QăP WUDQJ WұS +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS

³ +ӥL ÿӗQJ EjR Fҧ QѭӟF

³7ҩW Fҧ PӑL QJѫӡL ÿӅX VLQK UD Fy TX\ӅQ EuQK ÿҷQJ 7ҥR KRi FKR Kӑ
QKӳQJ TX\ӅQ NK{QJ DL Fy WKӇ [kP SKҥP ÿѫӧF WURQJ QKӳQJ TX\ӅQ ҩ\
Fy TX\ӅQ ÿѫӧF VӕQJ TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR Yj TX\ӅQ PѫX FҫX KҥQK SK~F´

/ӡL EҩW Kӫ ҩ\ ӣ WURQJ EҧQ 7X\rQ QJ{Q ĈӝF OұS QăP FӫD QѭӟF
0ӻ 6X\ UӝQJ UD FkX ҩ\ Fy ê QJKƭD Oj WҩW Fҧ FiF GkQ WӝF WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL
ÿӅX VLQK UD EuQK ÿҷQJ GkQ WӝF QjR FNJQJ Fy TX\ӅQ VӕQJ TX\ӅQ VXQJ
VѭӟQJ Yj TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR

%ҧQ 7X\rQ QJ{Q 1KkQ TX\ӅQ Yj 'kQ TX\ӅQ FӫD &iFK PҥQJ 3KiS
QăP FNJQJ QyL

³1JѭӡL WD VLQK UD Wӵ GR Yj EuQK ÿҷQJ YӅ TX\ӅQ OӧL Yj SKҧL OX{Q OX{Q
ÿѫӧF Wӵ GR Yj EuQK ÿҷQJ YӅ TX\ӅQ OӧL´

Ĉy Oj QKӳQJ OӁ SKҧL NK{QJ DL FKӕL FmL ÿѭӧF

7KӃ Pj KѫQ QăP QD\ EӑQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS OӧL GөQJ Oi Fӡ Wӵ GR
EuQK ÿҷQJ EiF iL ÿӃQ FѭӟS ÿҩW QѭӟF WD iS EӭF ÿӗQJ EjR WD +jQK ÿӝQJ
FӫD FK~QJ WUiL KҷQ YӟL QKkQ ÿҥR Yj FKtQK QJKƭD

9Ӆ FKtQK WUӏ FK~QJ WX\ӋW ÿӕL NK{QJ FKR QKkQ GkQ WD PӝW FK~W Wӵ GR
GkQ FKӫ QjR

&K~QJ WKL KjQK QKӳQJ OXұW SKiS Gm PDQ &K~QJ OұS ED FKӃ ÿӝ NKiF

284 LONG ĐIỀN

QKDX ӣ 7UXQJ 1DP %ҳF ÿӇ QJăQ FҧQ YLӋF WKӕQJ QKҩW QѭӟF QKj FӫD WD
ÿӇ QJăQ FҧQ GkQ WӝF WD ÿRjQ NӃW

&K~QJ OұS UD QKj W QKLӅX KѫQ WUѭӡQJ KӑF &K~QJ WKҷQJ WD\ FKpP
JLӃW QKӳQJ QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF WKѭѫQJ QzL FӫD WD &K~QJ WҳP FiF FXӝF NKӣL
QJKƭD FӫD WD WURQJ QKӳQJ EӇ PiX

&K~QJ UjQJ EXӝF Gѭ OXұQ WKL KjQK FKtQK ViFK QJX GkQ

&K~QJ GQJ WKXӕF SKLӋQ UѫӧX FӗQ ÿӇ OjP FKR QzL JLӕQJ WD VX\
QKѭӧF

9Ӆ NLQK WӃ FK~QJ EyF OӝW GkQ WD ÿӃQ [ѭѫQJ WXӹ NKLӃQ FKR GkQ WD
QJKqR QjQ WKLӃX WKӕQ QѭӟF WD [ѫ [iF WLrX ÿLӅX &K~QJ FѭӟS NK{QJ
UXӝQJ ÿҩW KҫP Pӓ QJX\rQ OLӋX

&K~QJ JLӳ ÿӝF TX\ӅQ LQ JLҩ\ EҥF [XҩW FҧQJ Yj QKұS FҧQJ &K~QJ
ÿһW UD KjQJ WUăP WKӭ WKXӃ Y{ Oê OjP FKR GkQ WD QKҩW Oj GkQ Fj\ Yj GkQ
EX{Q WUӣ QrQ EҫQ FQJ

&K~QJ NK{QJ FKR FiF QKj Wѭ VҧQ WD QJyF ÿҫX OrQ &K~QJ EyF OӝW
F{QJ QKkQ WD PӝW FiFK Y{ FQJ WjQ QKүQ

%ҧQ WX\rQ QJ{Q ĈӝF /ұS GR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK VRҥQ WKҧR QăP ÿӇ
QyL YӅ Vӵ ÿjQ iS 'kQ &Kӫ Vӵ FDL WUӏ WjQ EҥR FӫD WKӵF GkQ 3KiS VDR Pj
ÿ~QJ \ KӋW KLӋQ WuQK ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP QăP 6ӵ NLӋQ QăP UӗL
WKӵF GkQ 3KiS FDL WUӏ WjQ iF FNJQJ FKѭD ViQK EҵQJ Vӵ FDL WUӏ Kj NKҳF KLӋQ
QD\ FӫD WұS ÿRjQ OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ &691 FKtQK ViFK QJX GkQ EҳW EXӝF
VLQK YLrQ KӑF VLQK SKҧL KӑF FKӫ WKX\ӃW &6 Jk\ FKLD Uҿ FiF W{Q JLiR EyS
QJKҽW Wӵ GR EiR FKt Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ TXҧ WKұW FzQ iF ÿӝF JҩS Pҩ\ OҫQ
WKӡL WKӵF GkQ 3KiS ӣ WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF &KtQK SKӫ GXQJ W~QJ EӑQ FiQ Eӝ
PXD EiQ PD WXê ÿҫX ÿӝF WKӃ KӋ WKDQK WKLӃX QLrQ 9LӋW 1DP 9Ӆ FDL WUӏ WKu
&691 GQJ ELӋQ SKiS WUҩQ iS W ÿj\ QKNJQJ QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF FKӕQJ Ei
TX\ӅQ %ҳF .LQK Eӓ W FiF SKyQJ YLrQ Wӕ FiR WKDP QKNJQJ ÿӇ FKR FiF
QKj WKҫX 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿӝF TX\ӅQ NKDL WKiF Pӓ EDX[LW ӣ 7k\ 1JX\rQ
FҩX NӃW YӟL FiF WұS ÿRjQ Wѭ EҧQ QJRҥL TXӕF Yj QӝL ÿӏD NKDL WKiF F{QJ
QKkQ YӟL WLӅQ OѭѫQJ Uҿ PҥW EyF OӝW VӭF ODR ÿӝQJ QJăQ FҩP ÿuQK F{QJ
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[XӕQJ FҩS WKmP KҥL Vӱ GөQJ [m KӝL ÿHQ WUҩQ iS GkQ RDQ FѭӟS ÿҩW GkQ
QJKqR ÿiQK ÿұS WX Vƭ Yj KjQJ WUăP WӋ QҥQ [m KӝL NKiF QӳD WKӱ KӓL WKӵF
GkQ 3KiS QăP [ѭD Fy FDL WUӏ ÿӝF iF EҵQJ EӑQ FiQ Eӝ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW
1DP YӟL FKtQK GkQ PuQK QKѭ KLӋQ QD\ NK{QJ "62

*ҫQ WKiQJ UѭӥL QD\ EӑQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS KRjQK KjQK WURQJ 1DP %ӝ
ĈӗQJ EjR 1DP %ӝ ÿDQJ K\ VLQK WUDQK ÿҩX PӝW FiFK RDQK OLӋW Y{ FQJ
'ѭ OXұQ FiF FѭӡQJ TXӕF 7UXQJ +RD 0ӻ $QK 1JD ÿm FҩW WLӃQJ GX\ WUu

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 285

FKtQK QJKƭD
9ұ\ WRjQ TXӕF ÿӗQJ EjR WD 1DP %ӝ WKu UD VӭF NKiQJ FKLӃQ 7UXQJ

%ӝ Yj %ҳF %ӝ WKu UD VӭF JL~S ÿӥ ÿӗQJ EjR 1DP %ӝ Yj UD VӭF ÿӅ SKzQJ

%ӑQ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS SKҧL ELӃW UҵQJ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ PXӕQ ÿә
PiX GkQ 9LӋW 1DP \rX FKXӝQJ KRj EuQK 1KѭQJ QӃX FҫQ SKҧL K\ VLQK
Pҩ\ WULӋX FKLӃQ Vƭ QӃX FҫQ SKҧL NKiQJ FKLӃQ EDR QKLrX QăP ÿӇ JLӳ JuQ
TX\ӅQ ÿӝF OұS FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ FKR FRQ FKiX 9LӋW 1DP NKӓL NLӃS Q{ OӋ
WKu FK~QJ WD YүQ NLrQ TX\ӃW K\ VLQK Yj NKiQJ FKLӃQ 9u GkQ 9LӋW 1DP WLQ
FKҳF UҵQJ WKӃ QjR FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ Qj\ FNJQJ WKjQK F{QJ

7RjQ TXӕF NLrQ TX\ӃW NKiQJ FKLӃQ

9LӋW 1DP ÿӝF OұS PX{Q QăP
Nói ngày 5-11-1945.
%iR &ӭX TXӕF Vӕ

ngày 7-11-1945.”

7UDQJ WұS +ӗ &Kӟ 0LQK 7RjQ WұS

/ӡL 7X\rQ 7KӋ 1KұP &KӭF

&K~QJ W{L &KtQK SKӫ NKiQJ FKLӃQ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ
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1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP +L͏S ÿ͓QK V˯ E͡ 3KiS 9L͏W ÿ˱ͫF Nê N͇W
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0LQK FQJ 9NJ +͛QJ .KDQK ÿ̩L GL͏Q FKtQK SKͯ 9L͏W 1DP 'kQ FKͯ
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&KtQK SKӫ 3KiS F{QJ QKұQ QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD Oj
PӝW TXӕF JLD Wӵ GR WURQJ /LrQ EDQJ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj WURQJ NKӕL /LrQ
KLӋS 3KiS Fy FKtQK SKӫ QJKӏ YLӋQ TXkQ ÿӝL Yj WjL FKtQK ULrQJ
&KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӗQJ ê FKR TXkQ 3KiS YjR PLӅQ %ҳF WKD\
WKӃ FKR TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ ÿӇ OjP QKLӋP Yө

286 LONG ĐIỀN

JLҧL JLiS TXkQ 1KұW http://maxreading.com/?chapter=8521 )
/ӡL NrX JӑL VDX NKL Nê KLӋS ÿӏQK 6ѫ %ӝ 7UDQJ WұS +ӗ &Kt

0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS
&QJ FiF &KtQK SKӫ Yj QKkQ GkQ WKӃ JLӟL

x &QJ ÿӗQJ EjR WRjQ TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP

x ĈӗQJ EjR 9LӋW 1DP QJKH W{L WLQ W{L Yu VXӕW ÿӡL W{L ÿm WUDQK ÿҩX
FKӕQJ FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF GkQ WUDQK TX\ӅQ ÿӝF OұS FKR QѭӟF QKj

x 1D\ Yu WuQK KuQK TXӕF WӃ Yu PXӕQ Wӓ OzQJ WLQ YjR QѭӟF 3KiS
PӟL Yj Vӵ WKjQK WKӵF FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR &KtQK SKӫ 3KiS
Yu WLQ YjR Vӵ KRjQ WRjQ ÿӝF OұS WѭѫQJ ODL FӫD QѭӟF QKj W{L FQJ &KtQK
SKӫ ÿm Nê EҧQ +LӋS ÿӏQK Vѫ Eӝ YӟL &KtQK SKӫ 3KiS

x &K~QJ WD ÿm Nê WKu FK~QJ WD TX\ӃW WKjQK WKӵF OjP ÿ~QJ WKHR
EҧQ +LӋS ÿӏQK 6RQJ PXӕQ ÿL ÿӃQ NӃW TXҧ KRj KҧR FKR KDL GkQ WӝF WKu
SKtD 3KiS FNJQJ SKҧL WKjQK WKӵF OjP ÿ~QJ WKHR EҧQ +LӋS ÿӏQK ҩ\

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP

&Kӫ WӏFK &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP

+ӗ &Kt 0LQK

%iR &ӭX TXӕF Vӕ

ngày 14-3-1946.

&QJ ÿӗQJ EjR \rX TXê 1DP %ӝ

ĈѭӧF WLQ W{L FQJ ÿRjQ ÿҥL ELӇX TXD 3KiS ÿӇ Pӣ FXӝF ÿjP SKiQ
FKtQK WKӭF ÿӗQJ EjR Fҧ QѭӟF QKҩW Oj ÿӗQJ EjR 1DP %ӝ ÿӅX Oҩ\ OjP
EkQJ NKXkQJ %kQJ NKXkQJ Oj Yu FKѭD ELӃW WѭѫQJ ODL FӫD 1DP %ӝ VӁ UD
WKӃ QjR"

1- 7{L [LQ ÿӗQJ EjR KLӇX UҵQJ QѭӟF 3KiS PӟL NK{QJ SKҧL Oj ÿӃ TXӕF
FKӫ QJKƭD ÿL iS EӭF ÿL FKLD UӁ GkQ WӝF Yj QѭӟF QKj QJѭӡL WD

2- 7{L [LQ ÿӗQJ EjR Fӭ EuQK WƭQK 7{L [LQ KӭD YӟL ÿӗQJ EjR UҵQJ +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QJѭӡL EiQ QѭӟF

7UDQJ 7ұS +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 7RjQ 7ұS

/ӡL WX\rQ WKӋ QKұP FKӭF QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FKӍ Fy QJj\
VDX QJj\ WKiQJ QăP +ӗ ÿm QXӕW OӡL WKӅ 1KѭQJ WUѭӟF QKӳQJ
Vӵ NLӋQ ÿҫX KjQJ QKөF QKҧ UѭӟF JLһF 3KiS YjR OҥL 9LӋW 1DP QrQ O~F ÿy
+ӗ ÿm Eӏ QJѭӡL GkQ +j 1ӝL JӑL Oj ³9LӋW JLDQ EiQ QѭӟF ´ ĈӗQJ WKӡL FiF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 287

sӱ gia không Cӝng Sҧn ÿã nhұn ÿӏnh vӅ Hӗ Chí Minh nhѭ sau:
- Thӓa hiӋp án 14/9/1946: Hӗ cҩu kӃt vӟi Pháp ÿӇ tiêu diӋt các

ÿҧng quӕc gia
h t t p : / / w w w. v u n g g u o m t r i t u e . c o m / To i a c c o n g s a n /

Thoahiepan_14_09_1949.htm bài cӫa sӱ gia Hӭa Hoành
“HiӇu rõ chiӃn lѭӧc cӫa ông Hӗ, cho nên chúng ta không lҩy làm

lҥ khi ÿӕi vӟi kҿ thù chính là Pháp, thì ông Hӗ tiӃp tөc nhân nhѭӧng tӯ
quyӅn lӧi nҫy ÿӃn quyӅn lӧi khác. Ðang tuyên bӕ là mӝt quӕc gia ÿӝc
lұp, tӵ do (2/9/ 45), vài tháng sau, ông Hӗ xin làm mӝt ‘quӕc gia tӵ do
trong Liên HiӋp Pháp’ (tӭc ÿӃ quӕc trá hình), và cho Pháp mӑi quyӅn
lӧi ÿҫy ÿӫ tҥi ViӋt Nam nhѭ thӡi thuӝc ÿӏҥ (Xem nӝi dung thӓa hiӋp án
14/9/46).

Chӫ trѭѫng cӫa ông Hӗ lúc nҫy (1946) là dӵa vào Pháp, cҩu kӃt vӟi
Pháp ÿӇ tiêu diӋt các ÿҧng quӕc gia anh em, ÿang chia xҿ quyӅn hành
vӟi ông trong ‘chính phӫ liên hiӋp’, mà ông ÿã vұt vã van nàӏ Cҩu kӃt
vӟi Pháp ÿӇ tiêu diӋt ngѭӡi quӕc gia tӭc là chӫ trѭѫng ‘liên kӃt vӟi A
ÿánh B’‘Ông Hӗ thà nhѭӡng cho Pháp thӕng trӏ VN thêm mӝt thӡi
gian nӳa, chӭ không muӕn các ÿҧng phái quӕc gia ÿӭng ra lãnh ÿҥo
mӝt nѭӟc VN ÿӝc lұp, hoһc chӍ tham gia vӟi ViӋt Minh ÿӇ ‘ÿoàn kӃt
chӕng Pháp’ nhѭ ông ÿã hùng hә kêu gӑi. Tҩt cҧ hành ÿӝng cӫa ông Hӗ
ÿӅu trѭӟc sau nhѭ mӝt, nhҵm giành lҩy sӵ ÿӝc quyӅn lãnh ÿҥo ÿҩt
nѭӟc, ÿһng mҩy năm sau tiӃn hành cuӝc cách mҥng vô sҧn, ÿѭa toàn
dân vào quӻ ÿҥo cӝng sҧn quӕc tӃ .Vҩn ÿӅ VN có sӟm ÿѭӧc ÿӝc lұp
hay không chӍ là thӭ yӃu. QuyӅn lӧi dân tӝc cNJng chӍ là bình phong ÿӇ
ông Hӗ thӵc hiӋn âm mѭu nҳm chһt chính quyӅn. ngѭӡi quӕc gia có
thӇ nhìn thҩy thӫ ÿoҥn cӫa ông Hӗ, hoһc nóng lòng vì ÿӝc lұp tӵ do, nên
ÿã ‘ÿoàn kӃt trong mһt trұn ViӋt Minh’, ÿӇ rӗi tҩt cҧ chӏu chung sӕ phұn
oan nghiӋt.”

“Sau ngày 2/9/45. VN trӣ thành quӕc gia ÿӝc lұp thұt sӵ, mà kҿ
thù chính là thӵc dân Pháp còn ӣ xa. Vӟi HiӋp ѭӟc sѫ bӝ
(6/3/1946), ông Hӗ mӡi quân Pháp vào chiӃm ÿóng Hà Nӝi và
nhiӅu tӍnh miӅn Bҳc. Ðó là mӝt trӑng tӝi trong lӏch sӱ Ông cҫn rҧnh
tay ÿӇ ÿӕi phó vӟi các ÿҧng theo chӫ nghƭa quӕc gia dân tӝc. ÐӇ che
giҩu chӫ trѭѫng bҳt tay vӟi kҿ thù, ông Hӗ tuyên bӕ chính sách ‘văn
hóa Pháp ViӋt ÿӅ huӅ’ (ÿiӅu 3 Thӓa hiӋp án), ca tөng ‘nѭӟc Pháp mӟi’
(nѭӟc Pháp cӫa thӵc dân) và Liên HiӋp Pháp, ÿӃ quӕc trá hình. Nәi thao
thӭc cӫa ông Hӗ lúc này (1946) là không muӕn bҩt cӭ mӝt tә chӭc hay
cá nhân nào ngoài ViӋt Minh nҳm quyӅn, hay chia xҿ quyӅn hành vӟi
ViӋt Minh. HiӇu nhѭ thӃ nên chúng ta mӟi không ngҥc nhiên khi ÿӕi
vӟi kҿ thù chính là Pháp,

288 LONG ĐIỀN

thì ông ta ÿi tӯ nhѭӧng bӝ này ÿӃn nhѭӧng bӝ khác. Vӯa mӟi tuyên bӕ
ÿӝc lұp, ông Hӗ lҥi chӏu nép mình trong khuôn khә Liên hiӋp Pháp, và
cho Pháp có ÿҫy ÿӫ quyӅn lӧi nhѭ thӡi thuӝc ÿӏa. Thái ÿӝ cӫa ông Hӗ
lúc nҫy là dӵa hҷn vào Pháp, cҩu kӃt vӟi Pháp, ÿӇ tiêu diӋt các ÿҧng
phái quӕc gia.

NӃu thӵc tâm yêu nѭӟc và chiӃn ÿҩu vì quyӅn lӧi quӕc gia dân tӝc,
ông Hӗ và mһt trұn ViӋt Minh ÿã tích cӵc chuҭn bӏ kháng chiӃn khi
Pháp chѭa trӣ lҥi VN. Ông ÿã bӓ phí thӡi gian (15 tháng, năm 1945 -
1946) mà còn phá nát thӃ ÿoàn kӃt chiӃn ÿҩu cӫa nhӳng ÿҧng quӕc gia
ÿang ‘liên hiӋp’ vӟi ông trong cái chính phӫ do ông làm chӫ tӏch. ÐiӅu
này có nghƭa vì sӵ ÿӝc quyӅn lãnh ÿҥo cӫa ViӋt Minh, mà ông Hӗ ÿã
phá nát thӃ ÿoàn kӃt kháng chiӃn chӕng Pháp, làm cho thӃ lӵc ViӋt Nam
yӃu ÿi, nhѭng ông vүn làm, vì sӵ ÿӝc quyӅn lãnh ÿҥo cӫa ViӋt Minh. “

-SӴ THҰT v͉ HӖ CHÍ MINH,
KHÔNG BIӂT hay KHÔNG DÁM NÓI bài cӫa Duyên-Lãng Hà
TiӃn Nhҩt

http://motgoctroi.com/HoiKy/BanVe_TacPham/
SuthatHCM_0bietk0damnoi.htm :

Tӡ Ngѭӡi Cùng Khә (Le Paria) cӫa NguyӉn Ái Quӕc năm 1931 viӃt:
“Tә quӕc không nhҩt thiӃt phҧi bao gӗm nhӳng ngѭӡi cùng
mӝt màu da hoһc cùng mӝt ngôn ngӳ. Tә quӕc là sӭc mҥnh
chính trӏ cӫa giai cҩp. Vô sҧn Ĉông Dѭѫng không có tә quӕc.”
Nhѭ thӃ HCM tӵ xác nhұn mình là ngѭӡi vô tә quӕc. Mӝt ngѭӡi
không có tә quӕc mà bҧo rҵng hҳn tranh ÿҩu cho ÿӝc lұp cӫa dân tӝc
là nói láo, hoàn toàn láo.

- Sau ÿây là mӝt ÿoҥn trích trong lá thѭ xin viӋc cӫa HCM viӃt
ngày 6-6-1938, sau gҫn 7 năm không ÿѭӧc Quӕc TӃ Cӝng Sҧn giao
công tác (HCM Toàn Tұp- Tұp 3 trang 90):

Ĉ͛ng chí hãy phân tôi ÿi ÿâu ÿó. Ho̿c là giͷ tôi ͧ l̩i ÿây. Hãy
giao cho tôi làm m͡t vi͏c gì mà theo ÿ͛ng chí là có ích. Ĉi͉u tôi
mu͙n ÿ͉ ngh͓ vͣi ÿ͛ng chí là ÿͳng ÿ͋ tôi s͙ng quá lâu trong tình
tr̩ng không ho̩t ÿ͡ng và gi͙ng nh˱ là s͙ng ͧ bên c̩nh, ͧ bê n ngoài
cͯa Ĉ̫ng.

Tôi sͅ r̭t bi͇t ˯n ÿ͛ng chí, th˱a ÿ͛ng chí thân m͇n, cho phép tôi
ÿ˱ͫc h͡i ki͇n. Tôi tin r̹ng nh˱ v̵y sͅ t͙t h˯n. Ĉã tͳ lâu r͛i ÿ͛ng chí
không g̿p tôi.

Mӝt ngѭӡi ÿi xin viӋc vӟi mӝt chính quyӅn ngoҥi bang thì rõ ràng

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 289

Oj F{QJ EӝF FӫD QJRҥL EDQJ FKӭ FzQ Oj Ju QӳD 1yL NKy QJKH PӝW Wt Oj
ÿҫ\ Wӟ KD\ Oj WD\ VDL FӫD QJRҥL EDQJ WKu FNJQJ WKӃ WK{L

- 7ӡ EiR FiR GѭӟL ÿk\ WUtFK WURQJ +&0 7RjQ WұS 7ұS +&0
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Ĉ{QJ 1DP È +ӗ ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿLӋQ &ҭP /LQK WUҧ OѭѫQJ ÿӇ WKӵF KLӋQ ê ÿӗ
[kP OѭӧF 91 FӫD /LrQ ;{

%È2 &È2 *ʹ, %$1 3+˰ˮ1* ĈÐ1* 48͘& 7͆ &͠1* 6̪1
(6-1927)

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7̭W QKLrQ ͧ ÿk\ WL͉Q O˱˯QJ FK͑ Oj W˱ͫQJ WU˱QJ Yu QJRjL SK̯Q WUͫ
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7URQJ NKL FKͥ ÿͫL TX\͇W ÿ͓QK FͯD FiF ÿ͛QJ FKt [LQ FiF ÿ͛QJ FKt
vui lòng:

1) ÿ˱D W{L YjR E͏QK YL͏Q
2) NKL W{L UD E͏QK YL͏Q FKR SKpS W{L ÿ˱ͫF K͕F YjL NLQK QJKL͏P
F̯Q WKL͇W FKR F{QJ WiF FͯD W{L
3) Yj FKR W{L OrQ ÿ˱ͥQJ FjQJ VͣP FjQJ W͙W

*͵L FiF ÿ͛QJ FKt OͥL FKjR F͡QJ V̫Q ´

QJѭQJ WUtFK

290 LONG ĐIỀN

/jP YLӋF GR OzQJ WӕW PXӕQ JL~S ÿӥ QJѭӡL NKiF WKu WӕW ÿҩ\ 1KѭQJ
OjP YLӋF ÿѭӧF WUҧ OѭѫQJ WKu OҥL NKiF Ĉk\ PӟL Oj EҵQJ FKӭQJ [iF WKӵF
QKҩW +&0 Oj WD\ VDL FӫD /LrQ 6{

'ѭӟL ÿk\ QӳD Oj EӭF WKѭ ÿӅ QJj\ FӫD +&0 YLӃW FKR
6WDOLQ ÿӇ [LQ FKӍ WKӏ YӅ ÿӅ iQ &ҧL &iFK 5XӝQJ ĈҩW SKiF KӑD FKR 9LӋW
Nam :

Ĉ͛QJ FKt 6WDOLQ NtQK P͇Q

7{L J͵L FKR ÿ͛QJ FKt ÿ͉ iQ F̫L FiFK UX͡QJ ÿ̭W FͯD Ĉ̫QJ /DR
Ĉ͡QJ 9L͏W 1DP Ĉ͉ iQ Qj\ W{L ÿm KRjQ WKjQK YͣL V͹ JL~S ÿͩ FͯD
ÿ͛QJ FKt Liu Shaoshi và Van Szia-Sian ĈӅ QJKӏ ÿӗQJ FKt WuP
KLӇX Yj ÿѭD UD FKӍ WKӏ YӅ ÿӅ iQ Qj\ .tQK JӣL WӟL ÿӗQJ FKt OӡL FKjR
FӝQJ VҧQ

QJѭQJ WUtFK
&KӍ PӝW SKҫQ QKӓ WUtFK GүQ WUrQ WURQJ NKR WjL OLӋX YӅ +&0 FKR WKҩ\
+ӗ Oj PӝW WrQ Y{ Wә TXӕF ÿ~QJ K˯Q W͝ TX͙F FͯD K̷Q Oj Ĉ͇ 4X͙F &6
Nga) Wӵ QJX\ӋQ OjP ÿҫ\ Wӟ FKR /LrQ 6{ OmQK OѭѫQJ FӫD /LrQ 6{ Yj
QKұQ FKӍ WKӏ FӫD ÿLӋQ &ҭP /LQK WKL KjQK FiF FKiQK ViFK FӫD ÿӃ TXӕF
/LrQ 6{ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP 1Kѭ WKӃ WѭӣQJ ÿm ÿӫ ÿӇ ÿL ÿӃQ NӃW OXұQ UҵQJ
+&0 Oj WrQ 9LӋW JLDQ WD\ VDL FӫD FӫD ÿӃ TXӕF ÿӓ /LrQ 6{ 7ӯ Oj PӝW WrQ
WD\ VDL QJRҥL EDQJ FDL WUӏ ÿҩW QѭӟF WD +&0 EiQ ÿҩW QѭӟF WD FKR QJRҥL
EDQJ Oj FKX\ӋQ NK QJ Fy Ju Oj Oҥ &K~QJ W{L [LQ QrX tW QKҩW EҵQJ
FKӭQJ Fө WKӇ WUrQ JLҩ\ WUҳQJ PӵF ÿHQ VDX ÿk\
³ 7Kͱ QK̭W K͛L WKiQJ QăP 7Kͱ WU˱ͧQJ 1JR̩L JLDR 8QJ
9ăQ .KLrP G˱ͣL TX\͉Q FͯD +&0 QyL YͣL /L =KLPLQ ;͵ Oê 7K˱ͥQJ Yͭ
7Rj Ĉ̩L 6ͱ 7UXQJ TX͙F W̩L %̷F 9L͏W U̹QJ
WKHR QKͷQJ Gͷ NL͏Q FͯD 9L͏W QDP KDL TX̯Q ÿ̫R +RjQJ 6D Yj 7U˱ͥQJ
6D Oj P{W E{ SK̵Q O͓FK V͵ FͯD OmQK WK͝ 7UXQJ TX͙F
Saigon - Hanoi - Paracels Islands Dispute – 1974
Frank Ching (Far Eastern Economic Review, Feb. 10, 1994)

7Kͱ KDL QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FKtQK SKͯ 7UXQJ 4X͙F ÿm
WX\rQ E͙ E͉ U͡QJ FͯD OmQK K̫L 7UXQJ 4X͙F Oj P˱ͥL KDL K̫L Oê ÿ˱ͫF
iS GͭQJ FKR W̭W F̫ FiF OmQK WK͝ FͯD Q˱ͣF &͡QJ +Rj 1KkQ 'kQ 7UXQJ
+RD EDR J͛P F̫ 4X̯Q Ĉ̫R ç{QJ 6D TX̯Q ÿ̫R 7k\ 6D TX̯Q ÿ̫R
7UXQJ 6D TX̯Q ÿ̫R 1DP 6D 0˱ͥL QJj\ VDX ÿy WͱF Oj QJj\
3K̩P 9ăQ Ĉ͛QJ WKͯ W˱ͣQJ G˱ͣL TX\͉Q +&0 JͧL P͡W F{QJ KjP QJR̩L
JLDR FKR &KX ÆQ /DL ͯQJ K͡ OͥL WX\rQ E͙ FKͯ TX\͉Q FͯD 7UXQJ 4X͙F
QJX\rQ YăQ QK˱ VDX

7K˱D Ĉ͛QJ FKt 7͝QJ Oê

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 291

&K~QJ W{L [LQ WUkQ WU͕QJ EiR WLQ ÿ͋ Ĉ͛QJ FKt 7͝QJ Oê U}
&KtQK SKͯ Q˱ͣF 9L͏W QDP 'kQ &Kͯ &͡QJ +Rj JKL QK̵Q Yj WiQ WKjQK
E̫Q WX\rQ E͙ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FͯD &KtQK SKͯ Q˱ͣF &͡QJ
+Rj 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ KRD TX\͇W ÿ͓QK Y͉ K̫L SK̵Q FͯD 7UXQJ TX͙F
&KtQK SKͯ Q˱ %F 9L͏W QDP 'kQ &Kͯ &͡QJ +Rj WU͕QJ TX\͇W ÿ͓QK ̭\ Yj
Vͅ FK͑ WK͓ FKR FiF F˯ TXDQ 1Kj Q˱ͣF Fy WUiFK QKL͏P WUL͏W ÿ͋ W{Q WU͕QJ
K̫L SK̵Q K̫L Oê FͯD 7UXQJ TX͙F WURQJ P͕L TXDQ K͏ YͣL Q˱ͣF &͡QJ
KzD 1KkQ GkQ 7UXQJ KRD WUrQ P̿W E͋

&K~QJ W{L [LQ NtQK J͵L Ĉ͛QJ FKt 7͝QJ Oê OͥL FKjR ṶW WUkQ WU͕QJ ´

1JѭQJ WUtFK

&KӍ YӟL QKӳQJ YăQ NLӋQ Yj WUtFK GүQ WUrQ WѭӣQJ ÿm ÿӫ ÿӇ ÿL ÿӃQ NӃW
OXұQ UҵQJ +&0 FKtQK Oj PӝW WrQ ÿҥL 9LӋW JLDQ WD\ VDL EiQ QѭӟF &iL
KX\ӅQ WKRҥL +ӗ Oj QJѭӡL \rX QѭӟF Fy F{QJ WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿHP
OҥL ÿӝF OұS FKR 7ә 4XӕF FKӍ Oj PӝW KX\ӅQ WKRҥL ҧR Oj QyL OiR ÿҥL OiR
NKRpW 1JѭӧF OҥL +ӗ Oj PӝW WrQ WӝL ÿӗ FӫD 'kQ 7ӝF

http://www.vietbao.com/?ppid=45&pid=45&nid=138235 75Ҫ1
*,$ 3+Ө1*

&y 3KҧL /j 1Jj\ 7RjQ 4XӕF .KiQJ &KLӃQ"³7KHR
ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP KұX WKkQ FӫD ÿҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ Yj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ &6Ĉ' QJj\ Oj QJj\ WRjQ TXӕF NKiQJ
FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS 7X\ QKLrQ Pӣ OҥL QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ
YӅ QKӳQJ QăP WKu QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX Qҫ\ FKR WKҩ\ QJj\
FKӍ Oj QJj\ EQJ Qә FXӝF WUDQK FKҩS JLӳD ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' Yj 3KiS
Pj WK{L ;LQ Km\ EҳW ÿҫX YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' VDX NKL FѭӟS
FKtQK TX\ӅQ QăP

&+Ӫ 75ѬѪ1* ĈӜ& 48<ӄ1 &Ӫ$ 9,ӊ7 0,1+
6DX NKL FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WX\rQ Eӕ WKjQK OұS FKӃ ÿӝ 9LӋW
1DP 'kQ &Kӫ &ӝQJ +zD 91'&&+ Yj WUuQK GLӋQ QӝL FiF 9LӋW 0LQK
90 ÿҫX WLrQ QJj\ *ҫQ QJj\ VDX +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WULӋX WұS
KӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' WҥL +j 1ӝL QJj\ ÿӇ
EjQ YӅ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' WURQJ WuQK KuQK PӟL +ӝL QJKӏ ÿm ÿѭD
UD QJX\rQ WҳF FăQ EҧQ Oj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' QҳP ÿӝF TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ PһW
WUұQ 90 Yj PӝW PuQK WKӵF KLӋQ FiFK PҥQJ ĈҧQJ &6Ĉ' QҳP ÿӝF
TX\ӅQ PһW WUұQ 90 0һW WUұQ 90 ÿDQJ QҳP FKtQK TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ
FKtQK SKӫ 1Kѭ Yұ\ Fy QJKƭD Oj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' ÿӝF TX\ӅQ FDL WUӏ ÿҩW QѭӟF
ĈӇ WKӵF KLӋQ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ Qҫ\ ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' ÿѭD UD FiF NӃ KRҥFK ÿӕL QӝL
Yj ÿӕL QJRҥL QKѭ VDX

.ӂ +2Ҥ&+ ĈӔ, 1Ӝ, &ѬѪ1* 48<ӂ7 ĈӜ& 48<ӄ1
ĈӅ ÿӝF W{Q TX\ӅQ OӵF WURQJ NKL Wә FKӭF FKtQK TX\ӅQ FDL WUӏ ÿҩW QѭӟF

292 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' Yj 90 WKL KjQK KDL NӃ KRҥFK ÿӕL QӝL FKtQK

7Kӭ QKҩW 90 Wә FKӭF ³WLrX GLӋW WLӅP OӵF´ QJKƭD Oj JLӃW WҩW
Fҧ QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ ÿӕL OұS NK{QJ WKHR 90 WX\ NK{QJ FKӕQJ 90
QKѭQJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ WLӅP ҭQ Fy WKӇ VӁ Jk\ QJX\ KҥL FKR 90 WURQJ WѭѫQJ
ODL 9ҩQ ÿӅ Qҫ\ NK{QJ FҫQ WUӣ OXL Yu ÿm Fy TXi QKLӅX WjL OLӋX Yj QKLӅX
QJѭӡL ELӃW &KӍ [LQ QKҳF OҥL WURQJ KDL QăP WUѭӟF NKL FKLӃQ
WUDQK EQJ Qә 90 JLӃW tW QKҩW NKRҧQJ QJѭӡL WUrQ WRjQ TXӕF
Wӯ WKjQK SKӕ ÿӃQ Q{QJ WK{Q Wӯ QKӳQJ QKkQ YұW GDQK WLӃQJ QKҩW WURQJ
Fҧ QѭӟF ÿӃQ QKӳQJ YLrQ FKӭF OjQJ [m QKӳQJ FKӭF VҳF W{Q JLiR ÿӏD
SKѭѫQJ NK{QJ WKHR 90

'R ÿDQJ FҫP TX\ӅQ WURQJ KDL QăP 90 WKjQK F{QJ
WURQJ NӃ KRҥFK JLӃW WLӅP OӵF /~F ÿy NK{QJ FzQ DL KD\ WKӃ OӵF QjR
Fy WKӇ FҥQK WUDQK YӟL 90 7X\ QKLrQ Vӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD 90 OjP KҥL
NK{QJ tW FKR WLӅP OӵF QKkQ WjL FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF

7Kӭ KDL 90 ÿuQK FKӍ KLӃQ SKiS QăP 1JX\rQ YjR FXӕL QăP
90 JһS ED ÿӕL OӵF FQJ PӝW O~F /mQK Wө FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL WKHR FKӫ
QJKƭD GkQ WӝF QKѭ 9LӋW 1DP 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ 914'Ĉ 9LӋW 1DP
&iFK PҥQJ ĈӗQJ 0LQK +ӝL 9LӋW &iFK Wӯ 7UXQJ +RD WUӣ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP
VDX FKLӃQ WUDQK TX\ӃW OLӋW FKӕQJ ÿӕL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj PһW WUұQ 90
&iF WѭӟQJ OmQK 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ 7UXQJ +RD ÿѭD NKRҧQJ TXkQ
YjR 9LӋW 1DP WKHR WӕL KұX WKѭ 3RWVGDP 6DX NKL WiL FKLӃP PLӅQ 1DP
QJѭӡL 3KiS WLӃQ TXkQ Wӯ PLӅQ 1DP UD PLӅQ %ҳF WiL FKLӃP WRjQ Eӝ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ 9Ӆ FiF YLӋF Qҫ\ [LQ [HP SKtD GѭӟL

7URQJ NKL WuQK KuQK FăQJ WKҷQJ GR Vӵ ÿzL KӓL FӫD FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL
WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF 90 Wә FKӭF EҫX Fӱ TXӕF KӝL OұS KLӃQ QJj\
&XӝF EҫX Fӱ ÿѭD ÿӃQ NӃW TXҧ Oj WҩW Fҧ ÿҥL ELӇX GR 90 ÿѭD UD ÿӅX
ÿҳF Fӱ FKLӃP ÿҥL ÿD Vӕ WURQJ TXӕF KӝL 7UѭӡQJ KӧS ÿLӇQ KuQK Oj 90
\rX FҫX FӵX KRjQJ %ҧR ĈҥL UD ӭQJ Fӱ GkQ ELӇX ÐQJ NK{QJ WUDQK Fӱ
Pj YүQ ÿҳF Fӱ

4XӕF KӝL VRҥQ [RQJ EҧQ KLӃQ SKiS Yj WK{QJ TXD QJj\
JӗP ³/ӡL QyL ÿҫX´ FKѭѫQJ Yj ÿLӅX Ĉk\ Oj EҧQ KLӃQ SKiS ÿҫX
WLrQ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP ³/ӡL QyL ÿҫX´ FӫD EҧQ KLӃQ SKiS QKҩQ PҥQK
³ĈRjQ NӃW WRjQ GkQ NK{QJ SKkQ ELӋW JLӕQJ QzL >VҳF WӝF@ JiL WUDL JLDL
FҩS W{Q JLiR ĈҧP EҧR FiF TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR GkQ FKӫ 7KӵF KLӋQ FKtQK
TX\ӅQ PҥQK PӁ Yj ViQJ VXӕW FӫD QKkQ GkQ ´

+LӃQ SKiS PӟL ÿѭӧF TXӕF KӝL WK{QJ TXD FKӭ FKѭD ÿѭӧF FKtQK SKӫ
EDQ KjQK .KL ÿy 7UXQJ +RD 4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ ÿm U~W TXkQ YӅ QѭӟF
FiF OmQK Wө 914'Ĉ Yj 9LӋW &iFK WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF ÿӅX Eӏ NKӫQJ
Eӕ ÿm WUiQK PһW KD\ Eӓ TXD 7UXQJ +RD Yj 90 Nê OLrQ WLӃS KDL KLӋS ѭӟF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 293

6ѫ Eӝ Yj 7ҥP ѭӟF YӟL 3KiS QJKƭD Oj ÿm WҥP
KzD YӟL 3KiS 9u Yұ\ 90 NK{QJ FzQ DL FKӕQJ ÿӕL KD\ Jk\ NKy NKăQ
nên QJj\ TXӕF KӝL JӗP ÿD Vӕ Oj ÿҥL ELӇX FӫD 90 WX\rQ
Eӕ ÿuQK FKӍ WKL KjQK KLӃQ SKiS YӯD WK{QJ TXD.(6)

6ӣ Gƭ KLӃQ SKiS Eӏ ÿuQK FKӍ Yu QӃX KLӃQ SKiS ÿѭӧF FKtQK SKӫ EDQ
KjQK WKu 90 Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' SKҧL FKӏX Vӵ UjQJ EXӝF FӫD KLӃQ SKiS
NK{QJ WKӇ ÿӝF W{Q TX\ӅQ OӵF NK{QJ WKӇ PXӕQ OjP Ju WKu OjP Yu YLӋF
FDL WUӏ ÿҩW QѭӟF SKҧL GӵD WUrQ FăQ EҧQ KLӃQ SKiS +LӃQ SKiS QăP
ÿm FKӃW \ӇX WUѭӟF NKL ÿѭӧF NKDL VLQK

.K{QJ Fy KLӃQ SKiS 90 FDL WUӏ EҵQJ VҳF OӋQK Yj QJKӏ TX\ӃW 1JKӏ
TX\ӃW Oj TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD PӝW QKyP QJѭӡL WURQJ PӝW KӝL QJKӏ ÿѭD UD
WKHR FKӫ TXDQ FKtQK WUӏ Yj TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD QKyP QJѭӡL ÿy Fy WKӇ WKD\ ÿәL
WKHR KRjQ FҧQK 1JKӏ TX\ӃW NKiF YӟL QJKӏ ÿӏQK 1JKӏ ÿӏQK Oj PӝW YăQ
EҧQ SKiS Oê GR FKtQK TX\ӅQ GӵD WUrQ OXұW OӋ TXӕF JLD OұS UD 7URQJ FKӃ
ÿӝ FӝQJ VҧQ ÿҧQJ WUӏ QKj QѭӟF 90 KRҥW ÿӝQJ WKHR QKӳQJ QJKӏ TX\ӃW
FӫD ÿҧQJ Eӝ FӝQJ VҧQ FiF FҩS Wӯ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ [XӕQJ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ FKӭ
NK{QJ WKHR OXұW SKiS TX\ ÿӏQK 9u Yұ\ QKj QѭӟF 90 NK{QJ FҫQ ÿӃQ
KLӃQ SKiS ÿӇ WUiQK Eӏ KLӃQ SKiS NKҳF FKӃ

.ӂ +2Ҥ&+ ĈӔ, 1*2Ҥ, 1+ѬӦ1* %Ӝ Ĉӆ '8< 75Î
48<ӄ1 /Ӵ&

9Ӆ ÿӕL QJRҥL 90 FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW Yj QKѭӧQJ Eӝ FiF WKӃ
OӵF QJRҥL TXӕF ÿӇ GX\ WUu TX\ӅQ OӵF FӫD 90 7UѭӟF NKL WKӃ FKLӃQ WKӭ
KDL FKҩP GӭW ӣ È &KkX Wӯ 3RWVGDP QJRҥL { %HUOLQ WKӫ ÿ{ QѭӟF ĈӭF
$QK +RD .Ǥ Yj 7UXQJ +RD 'kQ 4XӕF 7ѭӣQJ *LӟL 7KҥFK JӣL FKR
1KұW %ҧQ WӕL KұX WKѭ QJj\ 7KHR WӕL KұX WKѭ Qҫ\ ED QѭӟF
ĈӗQJ PLQK EXӝF 1KұW %ҧQ ÿҫX KjQJ Y{ ÿLӅX NLӋQ Yj TX\ ÿӏQK UҵQJ ӣ
Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ TXkQ ÿӝL 7UXQJ +RD VӁ JLҧL JLӟL TXkQ ÿӝL 1KұW ӣ SKtD EҳF
Yƭ WX\ӃQ Yj TXkQ ÿӝL $QK VӁ JLҧL JLӟL TXkQ ÿӝL 1KұW ӣ SKtD QDP Yƭ
WX\ӃQ QJDQJ TXD 7DP .Ǥ ĈһF ELӋW WӕL KұX WKѭ 3RWVGDP NK{QJ
QyL DL VӁ FDL WUӏ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ VDX NKL TXkQ 1KұW Eӏ JLҧL JLӟL 3KiS OLӅQ
OӧL GөQJ ÿLӇP Qҫ\ ÿӇ ÿHP TXkQ WiL FKLӃP 9LӋW 1DP

6DX NKL 1KұW ÿҫX KjQJ /ѭ +iQ FKӍ KX\ TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD FQJ Eӝ
WKDP PѭX ÿӃQ +j 1ӝL QJj\ ÿyQJ EҧQ GRDQK ӣ SKӫ WRjQ
TX\ӅQ 3KiS FNJ 7KӃ Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OR WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW KӕL Oӝ FiF WѭӟQJ
OmQK 7UXQJ +RD ĈRjQ 7KrP WU ÿӇ /ѭ +iQ JL~S ÿӭQJ WUXQJ JLDQ
YӟL FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF Yj ÿӇ /ѭ +iQ NK{QJ TXҩ\
QKLӉX 90 NKL U~W TXkQ YӅ

9Ӆ SKtD 3KiS TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS WKHR TXkQ ÿӝL $QK WiL FKLӃP 1DP
.Ǥ WKiQJ 1Jj\ ÿ{ ÿӕF '¶$UJHQOLHX FDR ӫ\ 3KiS

294 LONG ĐIỀN

WҥL Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ YӝL YjQJ Wә FKӭF FXӝF KjQK TXkQ ³%HQWUp´ FKX\ӇQ
TXkQ Wӯ PLӅQ 1DP UD +ҧL 3KzQJ ÿӇ WiL FKLӃP %ҳF .Ǥ

7URQJ NKL ÿy QJj\ WҥL 7UQJ .KiQK KDL ErQ 3KiS
7UXQJ +RD Nê NӃW KLӋS ѭӟF WKHR ÿy 7UXQJ +RD FKӏX U~W TXkQ UD NKӓL
9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QJj\ ÿӃQ Yj FKұP QKҩW Oj QJj\ ÿӇ FKR
TXkQ 3KiS WKD\ WKӃ 1JѭӧF OҥL 3KiS WUҧ YӅ FKR 7UXQJ +RD FiF W{ JLӟL
3KiS ӣ 7UXQJ +RD EiQ FKR 7UXQJ +RD WKLӃW Oӝ 9kQ 1DP VӱD ÿәL TX\
FKӃ QJѭӡL +RD ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

9jR FKLӅX QJj\ FKLӃQ KҥP 3KiS [XҩW KLӋQ ӣ QJRjL
NKѫL +ҧL 3KzQJ 7ҥL +j 1ӝL ÿѭӧF WLQ Qҫ\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK EiR FKR
-HDQ 6DLQWHQ\ ÿҥL GLӋQ 3KiS ӣ SKtD %ҳF UҵQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK VҹQ
VjQJ Nê KLӋS ѭӟF YӟL 3KiS 9jR FKLӅX QJj\ WҥL Vӕ
ÿѭӡQJ /ê 7KiL 7ә +j 1ӝL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YӟL Wѭ FiFK FKӫ WӏFK
FKtQK SKӫ /LrQ KLӋS NKiQJ FKLӃQ Nê WKӓD ѭӟF 6ѫ Eӝ YӟL 3KiS

7KHR WKӓD ѭӟF Qҫ\ 3KiS WKӯD QKұQ 9LӋW 1DP Oj PӝW TXӕF JLD
Wӵ GR pWDW OLEUH Fy FKtQK SKӫ ULrQJ QJKӏ YLӋQ ULrQJ Yj WjL FKtQK
ULrQJ WURQJ /LrQ %DQJ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ Yj WURQJ /LrQ +LӋS 3KiS ÿLӅX
9LӋW 1DP VҹQ VjQJ WLӃS ÿyQ TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS ÿӃQ WKD\ WKӃ TXkQ
ÿӝL 7UXQJ +RD ÿӇ JLҧL JLiS TXkQ ÿӝL 1KұW ÿLӅX

.KL WX\rQ Eӕ WKjQK OұS QѭӟF 91'&&+ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm K{
FiF OӡL WKӅ FKӕQJ 3KiS WURQJ ÿy OӡL WKӅ WKӭ ED QJX\rQ YăQ QKѭ VDX
³1ӃX 3KiS ÿӃQ [kP OăQJ OҫQ QӳD WKu FK~QJ W{L [LQ WKӅ NK{QJ ÿL
OtQK FKR 3KiS NK{QJ OjP YLӋF FKR 3KiS NK{QJ EiQ OѭѫQJ WKӵF FKR
3KiS NK{QJ ÿѭD ÿѭӡQJ FKR 3KiS ´ 7ҥL VDR QD\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
OҥL VҹQ VjQJ WLӃS ÿyQ TXkQ ÿӝL 3KiS ÿӃQ WKD\ WKӃ TXkQ ÿӝL 7UXQJ +RD"

1KѭӧQJ Eӝ 3KiS WURQJ WKӓD ѭӟF 6ѫ Eӝ ÿӇ GX\ WUu TX\ӅQ OӵF QKѭQJ
90 YүQ FKѭD \rQ WkP 9LӋW 0LQK JӣL SKiL ÿRjQ WKDP Gӵ KӝL QJKӏ Ĉj
/ҥW UӗL KӝL QJKӏ )RQWDLQHEOHDX ӣ 3DULV ĈӇ FKR FKҳF
FKҳQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FzQ ÿL WKHR SKiL ÿRjQ 3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ VDQJ 3DULV
3KҥP 9ăQ ĈӗQJ WKҩW EҥL OrQ ÿѭӡQJ YӅ QѭӟF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ӣ OҥL 3DULV
PӝW PuQK PұW ÿjP YӟL Eӝ WUѭӣQJ 3KiS TXӕF +ҧL QJRҥL ÿӇ Fӕ JҳQJ ÿҥW
ÿѭӧF WKӓD KLӋS YӟL 3KiS 7URQJ FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ FӫD EiR )UDQF 7LUHXU
ӣ 3DULV +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QyL ³7{L NK{QJ PXӕQ WUӣ YӅ +j 1ӝL WD\ NK{QJ
7{L PXӕQ NKL WUӣ YӅ QѭӟF VӁ ÿHP YӅ FKR QKkQ GkQ 9LӋW 1DP QKӳQJ NӃW
TXҧ Fө WKӇ YӟL Vӵ FӝQJ WiF FKҳF FKҳQ Pj FK~QJ W{L PRQJ ÿӧL ӣ QѭӟF
Pháp...”(9)

7KӃ UӗL ³/~F ÿy JҫQ QӱD ÿrP QJj\ WKiQJ FKtQ Qҫ\ NKL PӝW
QJѭӡL ÿjQ {QJ PҧQK NKҧQK Yj Jҫ\ FzP PһF iR QKj ELQK UD NKӓL NKiFK
VҥQ 5R\DO 0RQFHDX ÿҥL Oӝ +RFKH Ĉy Oj &Kӫ WӏFK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ĈL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 295

Eӝ {QJ WD WLӃQ YӅ QJ{L QKj JҫQ ÿy Vӕ ÿҥL Oӝ &RXUFHOOHV QѫL {QJ
0RXWHW FzQ WKӭF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӃQ ÿӇ QyL YӟL 0RXWHW UҵQJ {QJ
WD FKҩS QKұQ Nê EҧQ WҥP ѭӟF 9LӋF Nê NӃW GLӉQ UD QJD\ WӭF NKҳF
WURQJ SKzQJ FӫD Yӏ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ ´ GӏFK Wӯ 3KLOLSSH 'HYLOOHUV WU

7ҥL VDR VDX NKL Nê WKӓD ѭӟF 6ѫ Eӝ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OҥL FzQ ÿӃQ WұQ
3DULV ÿӇ [LQ Nê EҧQ 0RGXV 9LYHQGL 7ҥP ѭӟF GR QJѭӡL 3KiS VRҥQ WKҧR
Yj iS ÿһW" &kX WUҧ OӡL FKҳF FKҳQ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu QӅQ ÿӝF OұS GkQ WӝF 9LӋW
1DP 1ӃX TXҧ WKұW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' K\ VLQK FKR GkQ WӝF
FKR ÿҩW QѭӟF NKL 3KiS PӟL WUӣ OҥL 6jL *zQ WKu QJD\ Wӯ ÿҫX 90 YұQ
ÿӝQJ WRjQ GkQ FKӕQJ 3KiS

7URQJ NKL ÿy FNJQJ QJD\ Wӯ QKӳQJ QJj\ ÿҫX 90 NLӃP FiFK
WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ ULrQJ YӟL 3KiS ӣ WURQJ 1DP FNJQJ QKѭ ӣ QJRjL %ҳF
ÿӗQJ WKӡL NLӃP FiFK JLӃW KӃW WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ QKj \rX QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
FKӕQJ 3KiS QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKHR ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD 90 Wӯ 1DP FKt %ҳF
Jk\ FKLD UӁ WURQJ FiF OӵF OѭӧQJ FKtQK WUӏ /jP QKѭ WKӃ +ӗ &Kt
0LQK Yj 90 Wӵ ORҥL Eӓ KӃW WLӅP QăQJ Yj VӭF PҥQK GkQ WӝF Wӵ OjP \ӃX
NpP WLӅP OӵF NKiQJ 3KiS FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP

1JDQJ ÿk\ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj 90 FKR PӑL QJѭӡL
WKҩ\ U} Oj Oê GR GX\ QKҩW NKLӃQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Nê OLrQ WLӃS KDL WKӓD
ѭӟF QKѭӧQJ Eӝ 3KiS QăP FKӍ Yu Vӵ VӕQJ FzQ FӫD ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ'
và VM mà thôi.

1*¬< &+,ӂ1 75$1+ *,Ӳ$ ĈҦ1* &6Ĉ' 9¬
PHÁP

9LӋW 0LQK FjQJ QKѭӧQJ Eӝ 3KiS FjQJ WLӃQ WӟL 3KiS ÿѭD TXkQ WKD\
WKӃ TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD NKL TXkQ 7UXQJ +RD U~W OXL NKӓL FiF WKjQK SKӕ
7RXUDQH WӭF Ĉj 1ҹQJ Ĉ{QJ +j +XӃ ĈӗQJ +ӟL
(28-3), Vinh (29-3), Thanh Hóa (30-3), Ninh Hòa (30-3), Thái Bình
1DP ĈӏQK 4XkQ 3KiS WLӃQ FKLӃP FDR QJX\rQ
PLӅQ 7UXQJ YjR WKiQJ

6DX QKӳQJ FKҥP WUiQ Oҿ Wҿ WUrQ ÿk\ 3KiS FKLӃP %ҳF 1LQK QJj\
1Jj\ 3KiS Fӱ WѭӟQJ 0RUOLqUH OjP 8ӹ YLrQ &ӝQJ
+zD NLrP 7ѭ OӋQK 4XkQ OӵF 3KiS WҥL PLӅQ %ҳF ÐQJ ÿѭӧF OӋQK FӫD
SKӫ FDR ӫ\ 3KiS ӣ 6jL *zQ Oj NLӇP VRiW TXDQ WKXӃ ӣ +ҧL 3KzQJ NӇ Wӯ
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK JӣL WK{QJ ÿLӋS SKҧQ ÿӕL 0RUOLqUH QJj\
3KiS OҥL Fӱ TXkQ FKLӃP /ҥQJ 6ѫQ QJj\ &NJQJ
WURQJ QJj\ 3KiS GQJ SKL Fѫ RDQK WҥF Yj FKLӃQ KҥP WҩQ
F{QJ +ҧL 3KzQJ Jk\ WKLӋW KҥL QһQJ QӅ FKR QJѭӡL 9LӋW

&DR ӫ\ '¶$UJHQOLHX YӅ 3KiS Wӯ QJj\ 7UXQJ WѭӟQJ
-HDQ 9DOOX\ QҳP TX\ӅQ FDR Xӹ 3KiS WҥL Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ UD OӋQK FKR WKLӃX

296 LONG ĐIỀN

WѭӟQJ 0RUOLqUH FKӍ KX\ TXkQ 3KiS ӣ %ҳF .Ǥ Yj ÿҥL Wi 'pEHV SKҧL OjP
FKӫ WuQK KuQK +ҧL 3KzQJ Yj NLӇP VRiW WKXӃ TXDQ 1Jj\ 3KiS
WăQJ YLӋQ FKR Vѭ ÿRjQ %ӝ ELQK Yj QJj\ 3KiS KRjQ WRjQ
OjP FKӫ +ҧL 3KzQJ &KLӃQ GӏFK +ҧL 3KzQJ FӫD 3KiS NKLӃQ Wӯ
ÿӃQ GkQ 9LӋW Eӏ FKӃW QJѭӡL 3KiS FKӃW Eӏ WKѭѫQJ Yj PҩW
WtFK &iF Vӵ NLӋQ Qҫ\ WKHR WjL OLӋX FӫD ĈRjQ 7KrP Yj &KtQK ĈҥR
7ҥL 3KiS FXӝF EҫX Fӱ QJj\ ÿHP WKҳQJ OӧL FKR FiF ÿҧQJ
NKX\QK Wҧ WURQJ ÿy ÿҧQJ &6 3KiS GүQ ÿҫX ÿѭD ÿӃQ Vӵ VөS ÿә FӫD QӝL
FiF *HRUJHV %LGDXOW /pRQ %OXP WKXӝF ÿҧQJ ;m +ӝL
OұS [RQJ FKtQK SKӫ PӟL QJj\ 0DULXV 0RXWHW YүQ JLӳ FKӭF
Eӝ WUѭӣQJ 3KiS TXӕF +ҧL QJRҥL 1Jj\ FKtQK SKӫ /pRQ
%OXP Fӱ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ 3KiS TXӕF +ҧL QJRҥL Oj 0DULXV 0RXWHW VDQJ Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ WuP KLӇX WuQK KuQK WҥL FKӛ QKѭQJ QJj\ 0RXWHW PӟL
OrQ ÿѭӡQJ TXD Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ

7URQJ NKL ÿy WҥL 9LӋW 1DP TX\ӅQ FDR Xӹ -HDQ 9DOOX\ UD +ҧL 3KzQJ
KӑS YӟL 0RUOLqUH 'pEHV Yj 6DLQWHQ\ QJj\ 1ӝL GXQJ FXӝF KӑS
NK{QJ ÿѭӧF WLӃW Oӝ &y WjL OLӋX YLӃW UҵQJ WURQJ FXӝF KӑS Qҫ\ 9DOOX\ ÿm
QyL ³7өL QKj TXr PXӕQ ÿiQK QKDX FK~QJ VӁ WRҥL QJX\ӋQ ´ 1JX\rQ
YăQ ³/HV 1KD 4XH YHXOHQW OD EDJDUUH" ,OV O¶DXURQW ´ 3KLOLSSH
'HYLOOHUV WU 1Kѭ WKӃ WURQJ NKL FKtQK SKӫ WKLrQ Wҧ 3KiS ӣ 3DULV
FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WuP NLӃP PӝW JLҧL SKiS FKtQK WUӏ WKu FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK 3KiS
ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ TX\ӃW WkP WҩQ F{QJ 90

7ҥL +j 1ӝL QJj\ TXkQ 3KiS WUDR FKR 90 KDL WӕL KұX
WKѭ 7ӕL KұX WKѭ WKӭ QKҩW 3KiS ÿzL 90 Kӫ\ Eӓ FKѭӟQJ QJҥL YұW ӣ +j
1ӝL 7ӕL KұX WKѭ WKӭ KDL 3KiS FKR ELӃW QӃX 90 NK{QJ GX\ WUu ÿѭӧF
DQ QLQK WKu TXkQ 3KiS VӁ SKө WUiFK DQ QLQK NӇ Wӯ &KtQK
ĈҥR WU 3KiS QҳP YLӋF DQ QLQK Fy QJKƭD Oj 3KiS OjP FKӫ +j 1ӝL
3KiS OjP FKӫ +j 1ӝL Fy QJKƭD Oj VLQK PӋQK FӫD FKtQK SKӫ 90 Yj ÿҧQJ
&6Ĉ' VӁ QҵP WURQJ WD\ TXkQ 3KiS

Ĉy Oj ÿLӅX 90 NK{QJ WKӇ QKѭӧQJ Eӝ ÿѭӧF 9u Yұ\ WURQJ KDL
QJj\ Yj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Pӣ KӝL QJKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ
&6Ĉ' WҥL 9ҥQ 3K~F +j Ĉ{QJ +ӝL QJKӏ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK SKiW ÿӝQJ
FKLӃQ WUDQK FKӕQJ 3KiS WUrQ WRjQ TXӕF ÿӗQJ WKӡL KӝL QJKӏ WK{QJ TXD
ÿѭӡQJ OӕL WUѭӡQJ NǤ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FӫD 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK FNJQJ QKѭ EiR FiR
NӃ KRҥFK TXkQ Vӵ FӫD 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Yj ³/ӡL NrX JӑL WRjQ TXӕF
NKiQJ FKLӃQ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ >&K~ ê 7jL OLӋX YӅ KӝL QJKӏ 9ҥQ
3K~F GR SKtD &691 ÿѭD UD VDX Vӵ NLӋQ KѫQ QăP @
%D ÿLӅX ÿiQJ JKL QKұQ Wӯ FXӝF KӑS Qҫ\

ĈҧQJ &6Ĉ' ÿm ÿѭӧF WX\rQ Eӕ JLҧL WiQ QJj\ QKѭQJ
thӵF WӃ YүQ KRҥW ÿӝQJ Yà hӑS WҥL 9ҥQ 3K~F ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' ÿӇ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 297

FKLӃQ WUDQK TX\ӃW ÿӏQK OX{Q ÿѭӡQJ OӕL WUѭzQJ NǤ NKiQJ FKLӃQ Yj NӃ
KRҥFK TXkQ Vӵ

2) /~F ÿҫX 90 FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WKѭѫQJ OѭӧQJ YӟL 3KiS Nê WKӓD
ѭӟF 6ѫ Eӝ Yj 7ҥP ѭӟF QKѭQJ QD\ 3KiS ÿzL
QҳP TX\ӅQ DQ QLQK ӣ +j 1ӝL GӗQ 90 YjR WKӃ FQJ .K{QJ WKӇ ÿӇ
Eӏ EҳW 90 SKҧL WuP FiFK WKRiW WKkQ NKӓL +j 1ӝL /~F ÿy 90 \ӃX
WKӃ NK{QJ ÿӫ VӭF ÿiQK 3KiS QKѭQJ 90 YүQ UD WD\ WҩQ F{QJ WUѭӟF K{
KjR NKiQJ FKLӃQ QKҵP Fy Oê GR FKtQK ÿiQJ ÿӇ 90 Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' U~W
OXL NKӓL +j 1ӝL WURQJ GDQK Gӵ

3) +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NK{QJ KӓL ê NLӃQ TXӕF KӝL Oj Fѫ TXDQ TX\ӅQ
OӵF WӕL FDR FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW O~F ÿy KD\ EDQ WKѭӡQJ Yө TXӕF KӝL JӗP
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OX{Q OX{Q Fy PһW ӣ +j 1ӝL Pj FKӍ KӓL ê NLӃQ WUXQJ
ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' ÿӇ SKiW ÿӝQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK 1Kѭ WKӃ Fy QJKƭD
Oj FKLӃQ WUDQK Qҫ\ Oj FKLӃQ WUDQK JLӳD ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' Yj 3KiS FKӭ
NK{QJ SKҧL JLӳD GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP Yj 3KiS

7KHR ÿLӅX WKӭ FӫD +LӃQ 3KiS QJj\ WKu ³PXӕQ WX\rQ
FKLӃQ WKu SKҧL Fy KDL SKҫQ ED Vӕ QJKӏ YLӋQ Fy PһW Eӓ SKLӃX WKXұQ ´
6DX ÿy ÿLӅX WKӭ JKL UҵQJ ³.KL 1JKӏ YLӋQ NK{QJ KӑS ÿѭӧF %DQ
WKѭӡQJ Yө FQJ YӟL &KtQK SKӫ Fy TX\ӅQ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WX\rQ FKLӃQ KD\
ÿuQK FKLӃQ ´ 7X\ KLӃQ SKiS Qҫ\ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF EDQ KjQK Yj Eӏ EmL Eӓ QJj\
WӭF QJj\ VDX NKL ÿѭӧF TXӕF KӝL WK{QJ TXD QKѭQJ O~F ÿy
EDQ WKѭӡQJ WUӵF TXӕF KӝL JӗP QJѭӡL ÿm ÿѭӧF EҫX OrQ Yj ÿDQJ Fy
PһW ӣ +j 1ӝL

1Kӟ OҥL OӏFK Vӱ QѭӟF WD WKӡL QKj 7UҫQ YjR WKiQJ QăP
JLiS WKkQ ÿѭӧF WLQ QKj 1JX\rQ 7UXQJ +RD JӣL TXkQ WҩQ F{QJ
QѭӟF WD YXD 7UҫQ 1KkQ 7{QJ WUӏ Yu WULӋX PӡL FiF E{ OmR NKҳS
QѭӟF ÿӃQ ÿLӋQ 'LrQ +ӗQJ ӣ NLQK ÿ{ 7KăQJ /RQJ ÿӇ WKDP NKҧR ê NLӃQ 7ҩW
Fҧ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy PһW ÿӗQJ WKDQK WUҧ OӡL Oj ³3KҧL ÿiQK´ 4X\ӃW FKLӃQ

9jR WKӃ Nӹ YLӋF ÿL OҥL NKy NKăQ WULӋX PӡL ÿҥL ELӇX GkQ FK~QJ
NK{QJ GӉ 7UҫQ 1KkQ 7{QJ FzQ KӓL ê GkQ ÿӇ FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP 7URQJ
NKL ÿy JLӳD WKӃ Nӹ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NK{QJ WULӋX WұS TXӕF KӝL Yj FNJQJ
NK{QJ WULӋX WұS EDQ WKѭӡQJ Yө TXӕF KӝL FKӍ JӗP QJѭӡL O~F ÿy ÿDQJ
Fy PһW WҥL +j 1ӝL ÿӇ WKDP NKҧR ê NLӃQ Pj FKӍ KӓL ê ÿҧQJ FӫD {QJ WD
WӭF ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ'

.ӂ7 /8Ұ1

.KL PһW WUұQ 90 OrQ FҫP TX\ӅQ QJj\ ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ'
TX\ӃW ÿӏQK Oj ÿҧQJ QҳP ÿӝF TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ PһW WUұQ 90 Yj PӝW
PuQK WKӵF KLӋQ FiFK PҥQJ 9LӋW 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' WLrX GLӋW WҩW
Fҧ QKӳQJ WKjQK SKҫQ ÿӕL NKiQJ +jQK ÿӝQJ Qҫ\ WK~F ÿҭ\ QKӳQJ

298 LONG ĐIỀN

QJѭӡL WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD GkQ WӝF ÿӕL OұS YӟL 90 FӝQJ VҧQ YjR WKӃ
FKҷQJ ÿһQJ ÿӯQJ Yu EҧQ QăQJ VLQK WӗQ SKҧL FӝQJ WiF YӟL 3KiS ÿӇ
FKӕQJ 90 7ӵ 90 ÿҭ\ QJѭӡL NKiF ÿL YӅ SKtD 3KiS UӗL 90 OҥL NӃW
iQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Qҫ\ Oj WD\ VDL FӫD 3KiS 9u Yұ\ Kӕ FKLD UӁ GkQ WӝF
FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ WUҫP WUӑQJ

&ҫQ FK~ ê Oj NKL 3KiS QKӡ QJѭӡL $QK ÿѭD TXkQ WiL FKLӃP PLӅQ 1DP
Wӯ WKiQJ Wә TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WKӵF Vӵ OkP QJX\ Wӯ ÿy 'ҫX Yұ\
QJD\ ӣ 1DP %ӝ 90 NK{QJ NrX JӑL WRjQ GkQ FKӕQJ 3KiS 1Jj\
-HDQ &pGLOH QKҧ\ G [XӕQJ 7k\ 1LQK WKu QJj\ FKӫ WӏFK 8ӹ
EDQ +jQK FKiQK 1DP Eӝ /kP WKӡL FӫD 9LӋW 0LQK Oj 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX ÿҧQJ
YLrQ FӝQJ VҧQ Et PұW WuP JһS ÿӇ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW ULrQJ YӟL 3KiS +jQK
ÿӝQJ OpQ O~W FӫD *LjX Eӏ JLӟL FKtQK WUӏ 6jL *zQ O~F ÿy NӃW WӝL SKҧQ EӝL
.KL 3KiS WLӃQ TXkQ UD %ҳF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FNJQJ [LQ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW TXD
WұQ 3DULV ÿӇ [LQ Nê KLӋS ѭӟF &XӕL FQJ FKӍ NKL NK{QJ FzQ WKѭѫQJ
WKX\ӃW ÿѭӧF QӳD KӃW FiFK WKӓD WKXұQ 90 PӟL TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿiQK
3KiS Yu 90 Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' OkP QJX\ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Yu Wә TXӕF
9LӋW 1DP OkP QJX\

ĈӇ YѭӧW WKRiW FѫQ QJX\ ELӃQ 90 OӯD SKӍQK Yj OӧL GөQJ OzQJ \rX
QѭӟF FӫD GkQ FK~QJ 9LӋW 1DP NrX JӑL WRjQ GkQ QәL OrQ NKiQJ FKLӃQ
FKӕQJ 3KiS 9LQK TXDQJ Yj TX\ӅQ OӵF WKu 90 {P Oҩ\ PӝW PuQK
NK{QJ FKLD Vҿ FKR DL Fҧ 1KөF QKm Yj QJX\ ELӃQ WKu 90 NrX JӑL
WRjQ GkQ JiQK YiF 'R ÿy NK{QJ WKӇ JӑL QJj\ Oj QJj\
WRjQ TXӕF NKiQJ FKLӃQ Pj FKӍ Oj QJj\ EҳW ÿҫX FXӝF FKLӃQ JLӳD 90
ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' YӟL WKӵFGkQ 3KiS 63

7URQJ NKL ÿy FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP Oj WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ OkX ÿӡL FӫD QJѭӡL
9LӋW 1DP 7ӯ NKL QJѭӡL 3KiS ÿһW QӅQ EҧR Kӝ QăP QJѭӡL 9LӋW
1DP OLrQ WөF QәL OrQ FKӕQJ 3KiS 1D\ QJKH 90 NrX JӑL NKiQJ FKLӃQ
FKӕQJ 3KiS GkQ FK~QJ 9LӋW 1DP Q{ QӭF KѭӣQJ ӭQJ QJD\ Yu OzQJ
\rX QѭӟF WKѭѫQJ QzL FKӭ GkQ FK~QJ KRjQ WRjQ NK{QJ QJKL QJӡ Yj
NK{QJ KD\ ELӃW QKӳQJ kP PѭX Yj WKӫ ÿRҥQ Pj O~F ÿy 90 JLҩX NtQ
1Kӡ Yұ\ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PһW WUұQ 90 Yj ÿҧQJ &6Ĉ' PӟL WKRiW
NKӓL QJX\ Fѫ Fy WKӇ Eӏ 3KiS WLrX GLӋW YjR QăP ´

-1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ QKkQ YұW +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ:

1KӳQJ GL VҧQ ÿӝF KҥL Wӯ FKӫ QJKƭD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ GR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
PDQJ YjR 9LӋW 1DP ÿm SKi KRҥL QӅQ WҧQJ JLD ÿuQK WӕW ÿҽS Wӯ QJjQ QăP
TXD Vӵ SKi KRҥL Jk\ FKLD UӁ FiF W{Q JLiR SKkQ KRi QӝL Eӝ WӯQJ W{Q JLiR
ÿm NKLӃQ FKR QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW 1DP QJj\ QD\ SKҧL ÿӭQJ OrQ ÿҩX WUDQK FKR
7ӵ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ &iF ÿRjQ WKӇ [m KӝL FiF W{Q JLiR WURQJ QѭӟF ÿm DQK
GNJQJ ÿӭQJ OrQ WUDQK ÿҩX FKR 7ӵ 'R 7{Q *LiR 'kQ &Kӫ 1KkQ 4X\ӅQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 299

(Xin xem bài 1KұQ ÿӏQK WuQK KuQK ÿҩX WUDQK 4XӕF 1ӝL Yj

+ҧL 1JRҥL VDX QăP O\ KѭѫQJ FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ WUrQ EiR 9ăQ

7X\ӇQ http://vantuyen.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=25474 )

³ĈӗQJ EjR WURQJ Yj QJRjL QѭӟF WKҧ\ ÿӅX ELӃW UҵQJ YӟL FKӫ WUѭѫQJ
³WLrX GLӋW FiF W{Q JLiR´ FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 ÿm Fy Wӯ WKӡL NKDL VLQK FKӫ
WKX\ӃW &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 1KѭQJ YӟL WuQK WKӃ KLӋQ WҥL NKiF YӟL WKӡL
&691 ELӃW UҵQJ FK~QJ NK{QJ WKӇ WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF QrQ FK~QJ
FKX\ӇQ KѭӟQJ VDQJ SKi KRҥL Yj OjP Y{ KLӋX KRi FiF W{Q JLiR ÿӭQJ ÿҫX
Oj 3KұW *LiR YӟL GkQ Vӕ %ҵQJ FiFK OұS JLiR KӝL 3KұW *LiR 4XӕF
'RDQK VRQJ KjQK YӟL *LiR +ӝL 3KұW *LiR 9LӋW QDP 7KӕQJ
1KҩW ÿm KLӋQ GLӋQ WUҧL GjL KjQJ QJjQ QăP WҥL 91 ´

³ 7UѭӟF QKӳQJ WKӫ ÿRҥQ WKkP ÿӝF FӫD EӑQ 9LӋW *LDQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
WRjQ GkQ 91 WKҧ\ ÿӅX NKkP SKөF WLQK WKҫQ Y{ Xê EҩW NKXҩW NK{QJ
SKҧL FKӍ KDL Yӏ +Rj 7KѭӧQJ ÿӭQJ ÿҫX JLiR KӝL Pj Oj Fҧ WұS WKӇ WăQJ
QL WURQJ JLiR KӝL ÿm NLrQ FѭӡQJ ÿiX WUDQK EҧR YӋ *LiR +ӝL WURQJ VXӕW
QăP TXD 7URQJ ÿy WUiQK OjP VDR NKӓL Fy PӝW WKLӇX Vӕ WăQJ QL ÿҫX
KjQJ KD\ Eӏ NKӕQJ FKӃ EҵQJ QKLӅX WKӫ ÿRҥQ ÿr WLӋQ FXҧ &691 *LiR
FKӍ Vӕ FXҧ *+3*9171 UD ÿӡL Oj ÿӇ ÿӕL ÿҫX YӟL EҥR TX\ӅQ &6 OjP
WURQJ VҥFK KjQJ QJӫ WăQJ QL ӣ 4XӕF 1ӝL Yj Fҧ +ҧL 1JRҥL OjP FKR 9LӋW
*LDQ &6 O~QJ W~QJ Yj FiF WKjQK SKҫQ SKҧQ EӝL JLiR KӝL Eӏ YҥFK PһW
QrQ FK~QJ SKҧQ ӭQJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL *LiR &KӍ 0өF ÿtFK FӫD QKyP WKLӇX Vӕ
SKҧQ EӝL PRQJ OjP FXӝF ³ÿҧR FKiQK QӃX Fy WKҩW EҥL WKu FK~QJ YүQ FzQ
FRQ ÿѭӡQJ FKҥ\ WKHR JLiR KӝL 4XӕF 'RDQK 1KѭQJ F{QJ OXұQ WURQJ Yj
QJRjL QѭӟF ÿm WKҩ\ Uӓ Yj OrQ iQ EӑQ Fѫ KӝL Qҫ\ ´

1JD\ WURQJ WKӡL ÿLӇP NKDL VLQK ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QăP
FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Oj JLҧ Yӡ ÿRjQ NӃW FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL
FiF W{Q JLiR ÿӇ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ QKѭQJ WKӵF FKҩW ErQ WURQJ +ӗ &Kt
0LQK ÿm UD OӋQK FKR WKXӝF Kҥ WuP PӑL FiFK SKi KRҥL FKLD UӁ FiF W{Q
JLiR QJD\ WURQJ QӝL Eӝ FӫD PӛL W{Q JLiR FNJQJ Eӏ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ
&691 FjL QJѭӡL YjR FiF W{Q JLiR QKҵP O\ JLiQ FiF W{Q JLiR 9u
WURQJ Oê WKX\ӃW FăQ EҧQ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ ÿm FKR UҵQJ W{Q JLiR
Oj ÿӝF KҥL QKѭ i SKLӋQ 7Kӫ ÿRҥQ JLҧ Yӡ NӃW WKkQ YӟL FiF OLQK PөF WăQJ
QL QәL WLӃQJ ÿӇ FKH PҳW ErQ WURQJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UD OӋQK WKӫ WLrX FiF
OmQK Wө W{Q JLiR

Xin xem bài : “1KӳQJ WKӫ ÿӑDQ FӫD &691 ÿӕL YӟL FiF W{Q JLiR
Wӯ OӏFK Vӱ FұQ ÿҥL ÿӃQ QD\´ FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ

300 LONG ĐIỀN

http://vantuyen.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=25458
...“Trong suӕtthӡigiancuӝcchiӃnViӋtNam(1954-1975) sӵ hӧp tác cӫa
CSVN vӟi các tôn giáo ÿӇ ÿánh phá VNCH chӍ mӝt chiӅu.Chӫ yӃu
CSVN lӧi dөng các tôn giáo cho mөc tiêu tӕi hұu cӫa chúng là thôn tính
MiӅn Nam rӗi sӁ tìm mӑi cách tiêu diӋt các tôn giáo sau.
Sau thұp niên 90 khi các nѭӟc Ðông Âu và Liên Xô “thành trì XHCN”
sөp ÿә vì nghèo ÿói và lҥc hұu. CSVN ÿã mù quáng và ngoan cӕ tiӃp
tөc theo chӫ thuyӃt XHCN trong khi tuyӋt ÿҥi ÿa sӕ các nѭӟc CS
khác ÿã tӯ bӓ gҫn 2 thұp niên vì nhұn thҩy ÿҩy là mӝt chӫ thuyӃt
“Không Tѭӣng” và gây nhiӅu thҩt bҥi trong khi áp dөng vào ÿҩt nѭӟc
hӑ. VӅ chӫ trѭѫng tiêu diӋt Tôn Giáo CSVN ÿã thi hành các chiӃn thuұt
(ngҳn hҥn) và chiӃn lѭӧc (dài hҥn) trong suӕt thӡi gian cҫm quyӅn tai
miӅn Bҳc kӇ tӯ 1954 và tҥi miӅn Nam 1975 ÿӃn nay nhѭ sau :

Vӟi chӫ trѭѫng tiêu diӋt các tôn giáo, CSVN ÿһt ra mӝt ban Ðһc
Tình Tôn Giáo nhҵm theo dӓi, trà trӝn, cài ngѭӡi giҧ làm tu sƭ nhҵm
ÿánh phá, lNJng ÿoҥn các tôn giáo.”

-Xin xem bài :Nhұn ÿӏnh hiӋn tѭӧng Dѭѫng Thu Hѭѫng cӫa
Long ĈiӅn

http://www.quanvan.net/index.php?view=story&subjectid=26221:

“Nay qua quyӇn tiӇu thuyӃt hѭ cҩu nҫy, Dѭѫng Thu Hѭѫng dàn
dӵng, mô tҧ lâm li là mӝt mӕi tình siêu thӃ kӹ giӳa cô gái 15 và mӝt
lãnh tө CS trên 67 tuәi, mà giai ÿoҥn kӃt thúc bi thҧm, u tӕi, nhiӅu nghi
vҩn là HCM sau khi thoҧ mҧn, có con vӟi Nông Thӏ Xuân ÿã cho tên
thӫ hҥ Trҫn Quӕc Hoàn hãm hiӃp và sau ÿó tә chӭc ám sát dàn dӵng
thành mӝt màn tai nҥi xe cӝ ngày 11 tháng 2 năm 1957. Hình thӭc chҥy
tӝi, sӱa sai lӏch sӱ ÿã có tӯ lâu và xҧy ra nhiӅu phen trong suӕt chiӅu
dài cuӝc chiӃn ViӋt Nam 1945-1975 và tiӃp tөc tӯ 1975 ÿӃn 2009 hàng
ngàn vө án khuҩt tҩt , ÿәi trҳng thay ÿen ÿã liên tөc xҧy ra tҥi VN. ĈiӇn
hình nhӳng vө sát hҥi các lãnh tө tôn giáo nhѭ : Giáo chӫ HuǤnh
Phú Sә (PGHoà Hҧo), ông Phҥm Công Tҳc(Cao Ĉài). Rҩt nhiӅu
linh mөc bӏ phát vãng, thӫ tiêu hay tù tӝi kӇ cҧ hai LM NguyӉn Ngӑc
Oánh và NguyӉn Văn Thông tӯ Mӻ và Pháp vӅ lҥi Hà Nӝi phөc vө.
Các giám mөc ngoҥi quӕc nhѭ các ÿӭc Cha Jacq Mӻ cӫa Lҥng
Sѫn, ÿӭc cha Mazé Kim cӫa Hѭng Hóa hay Coonan Hành cӫa Thanh
Hoá.64 Tҩt cҧ
hӗ sѫ ÿӅu bӏ sӱa,cҥo sҥch,thұm chí nhӳng tên sát nhân hàng loҥt trong
vө Mұu Thân thì ÿѭӧc CSVN ÿѭa lên thành “sӱ gia”nhѭ NguyӉn Ĉҳc
Xuân, Hoàng Phӫ Ngӑc Tѭӡng thì làm sao thӃ hӋ trҿ tҥi VN hiӇu ÿѭӧc
tӝi ác cӫa CSVN, hiӇu ÿѭӧc lӏch sӱ VN trung thӵc.65Trách nhiӋm cӫa

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 301

'7+ G Oj PӝW QKj YăQ ÿѭӧF ÿjR WҥR WURQJ P{L WUѭӡQJ ;+&1 FKX\rQ
ÿәL WUҳQJ WKD\ ÿHQ QKѭQJ QD\ ÿm UD QѭӟF QJRjL ÿm VӕQJ WURQJ P{L
WUѭӡQJ Wӵ GR ÿm KѭӣQJ QKӳQJ ѭX ÿҧL FӫD WKӇ FKӃ Wӵ GR Wӵ GR [XҩW EҧQ
WiF SKҭP WKu SKҧL JLӳ WtQK WUXQJ WKӵF PһF G Qy KRjQ WRjQ [D Oҥ YӟL PӝW
QKj YăQ ;+&1 FKX\rQ ăQ JLDQ QyL GӕL &KѭD NӇ TX\ӇQ WUX\ӋQ Kѭ FҩX
QKѭ WKӃ FzQ OjP WәQ WKѭѫQJ ÿӃQ KѭѫQJ KӗQ QҥQ QKkQ Yj JLD ÿuQK F{
;XkQ ÿy Oj PӝW ÿLӅX FҩP Nӷ WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF 7ӵ 'R Yj QJѭӡL FzQ OѭѫQJ
WkP NK{QJ DL OjP WKӃ ´

7yP OѭӧF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP
FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK:

1-+ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm SKҧQ EӝL F{QJ FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ GjQK ĈӝF /ұS
FӫD WRjQ GkQ 9LӋW TXD KuQK WKӭF WKӓD KLӋS YӟL 3KiS ÿӇ WLrX GLӋW
FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL 4XӕF *LD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yu KLӃX FKLӃQ ÿm Eӓ Oӥ QKLӅX Fѫ
KӝL ÿRjQ NӃW TXӕF JLD ÿӇ FKӕQJ QJRҥL [kP 7ӝL iF
GLӋW FKӫQJ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0,QK SKҧL ÿѭӧF JKL FKpS ÿҫ\ ÿӫ WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ
9LӋW 1DP

2-+ӗ &Kt 0LQK OӋ WKXӝF TXi QKLӅX YjR /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF
NKLӃQ FKR 9LӋW 1DP PҩW FKӫ TX\ӅQ Yj WҥR Fѫ KӝL FKR 7UXQJ &ӝQJ OҩQ
FKLӃP ÿҩW ÿDL OmQK KҧL FӫD WD Yө F{QJ QKұQ OmQK KҧL FXҧ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ
1958 )

7URQJ F{QJ FXӝF NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS JLjQK ÿӝF OұS
FNJQJ QKѭ WURQJ FXӝF [kP OăQJ 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK ÿm WuP PӑL FiFK WLrX GLӋW FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL W{Q JLiR NK{QJ WKHR
&ӝQJ VҧQ NӇ Fҧ FiF WtQ ÿӗ Yj OmQK ÿҥR FiF W{Q JLiR Jk\ FXӝF FKLӃQ
1DP %ҳF NK{QJ FҫQ WKLӃW OjP WKLӋW KҥL WUrQ WULӋX GkQ 9LӋW WURQJ FXӝF
FKLӃQ 66

7URQJ FDL WUӏ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &691 ÿm GQJ QKӳQJ FKtQK
ViFK VҳW PiX WjQ EҥR Jk\ ÿDX WKѭѫQJ WDQJ WyF FKR KjQJ WULӋX GkQ
OjQK Y{ WӝL WURQJ FiF Yө &ҧL FiFK 5XӝQJ ĈҩW67 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP
0ұX 7KkQ 6ӵ QKDP KLӇP NK{QJ QKұQ WUiFK QKLӋP Fi QKkQ WURQJ
FѭѫQJ Yӏ FKӫ WӏFK QѭӟF Yj ÿҧQJ UӗL ÿә WKӯD FKR WKXӝF FҩS 7UѭӡQJ
&KLQK NKL VDL SKҥP FKR WKҩ\ FRQ QJѭӡL FӫD +&0 ÿҫ\ JLDQ [ҧR WKӫ
ÿRҥQ EҫQ WLӋQ 68

&y ê NLӃQ FKR UҵQJ +ӗ NK{QJ FKӫ FKLӃQ Pj FKӍ Fy /r 'XүQ Oj Nҿ
FKӫ FKLӃQ WKӡL ÿLӇP 7әQJ 7ҩQ &{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP 0ұX 7KkQ +ӗ Eӏ
PҩW TX\ӅQ KjQK Yj FKӍ Oj Nҿ Fy PһW WURQJ FiF EXәL OӉ Vӵ WKұW NKiF KҷQ
+ӗ Oj Nҿ FKӫ PѭX WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP EҵQJ PӑL JLi Yj +ӗ FzQ ViQJ
VXӕW Yj FzQ WUӑQ TX\ӅQ KjQK WURQJ %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ69ÿӇ FKӍ ÿӏQK /r ĈӭF
7Kӑ OjP Fӕ YҩQ +Rj ĈjP 3DULV WKiQJ

302 LONG ĐIỀN