Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ

7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WKiQJ QăP ± WKiQJ QăP

*6 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX SKX QKkQ FQJ FiF JLiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ
ĈLQK ;XkQ /kP +j 9ăQ 7ҩQ Yj 3KDQ +X\ /r FiF Vӱ JLD FӝW WUө
FzQ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj 7ӭ 7Uө 7ULӅX ĈuQK FӫD &691

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 503

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_
Qu%E1%BB%91c_V%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng :
7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WKiQJ QăP ± WKiQJ QăP Oj
PӝW JLiR Vѭ QKj Vӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP

7LӇX Vӱ WKHR WjL OLӋX FӫD &691

ÐQJ VLQK WҥL +ҧL 'ѭѫQJ QKѭQJ TXr TXiQ ӣ /r ;i KX\ӋQ 'X\ 7LrQ
WӍQK +j 1DP 6DX NKL WӕW QJKLӋS WKӫ NKRD FQJ YӟL 3KDQ +X\ /r ĈLQK
;XkQ /kP QăP {QJ ÿѭӧF JLӳ OҥL OjP FiQ Eӝ JLҧQJ Gҥ\ WҥL .KRD
/ӏFK Vӱ 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 7әQJ KӧS +j 1ӝL QD\ Oj WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF .KRD
KӑF ;m KӝL Yj 1KkQ YăQ ĈҥL KӑF 4XӕF JLD +j 1ӝL

{QJ Oj &iQ Eӝ JLҧQJ Gҥ\ &ә Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP .KRD 6ӱ ĈҥL
KӑF 7әQJ KӧS {QJ Oj 7UѭӣQJ QKyP 7UѭӣQJ P{Q .KҧR Fә KӑF
.KRD 6ӱ ĈҥL KӑF 7әQJ KӧS {QJ Oj *LiR Vѭ &Kӫ QKLӋP
%ӝ P{Q .KҧR Fә KӑF .KRD 6ӱ ĈҥL KӑF 7әQJ KӧS {QJ WUӣ
WKjQK 1Kj JLiR ѭX W~ *LiP ÿӕF 7UXQJ WkP /LrQ 9ăQ KRi /ӏFK Vӱ
.KRD 6ӱ ĈҥL KӑF 7әQJ KӧS 7UѭӣQJ P{Q 9ăQ KRi KӑF ĈҥL
KӑF ĈҥL FѭѫQJ Ĉ+4*+1 7UѭӣQJ QJjQK 'X OӏFK KӑF ĈҥL
KӑF 7әQJ KӧS

&Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ .KRD KӑF Yj ÿjR WҥR .KRD 'X OӏFK
7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF .KRD KӑF ;m KӝL Yj 1KkQ YăQ Ĉ+4*+1 &Kӫ QKLӋP
%ӝ P{Q /ӏFK Vӱ 9ăQ KRi .KRD /ӏFK Vӱ 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF .KRD KӑF ;m
KӝL Yj 1KkQ YăQ Ĉ+4*+1
1Jj\ WKiQJ {QJ OұS JLD ÿuQK OҫQ WKӭ KDL YӟL QJѭӡL Yӧ WUҿ
KѫQ {QJ JҫQ WXәL VLQK QăP 1JѭӡL Yӧ WUѭӟF FӫD {QJ ÿm
PҩW WUѭӟF ÿy NKi OkX

7ӭ WUө Vӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭѫQJ ÿҥL
ÐQJ ÿѭӧF [HP Oj PӝW WURQJ ³Wӭ WUө´ ³/kP /r 7̭Q 9˱ͫQJ´ WӭF
JӗP FiF *LiR Vѭ ĈLQK ;XkQ /kP 3KDQ +X\ /r +j 9ăQ 7ҩQ Yj 7UҫQ
4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ FӫD Vӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭѫQJ ÿҥL 7KHR OӡL JLҧL WKtFK FӫD
FKtQK {QJ > @ ÿy Oj FKX\ӋQ KX\ӅQ WKRҥL Fy OӁ KuQK WKjQK YjR FXӕL WKұS
Nӹ NKL Fҧ EӕQ {QJ ÿӅX QәL WLӃQJ KӑF JLӓL 5D WUѭӡQJ YjR JLӳD WKұS
Nӹ ED {QJ ³/kP /r 9ѭӧQJ´ KӑF FQJ NKRi FzQ {QJ ³7ҩQ´ KӑF
VDX WKӫ NKRD QăP 6DX ÿy WKHR OӋQK FӫD NKRD {QJ Yj JLiR Vѭ
+j 9ăQ 7ҩQ JyS VӭF [k\ GӵQJ QJjQK .KҧR Fә KӑF FӫD NKRD 6ӱ Yu VDX
QăP NKL 3KiS U~W NKӓL 9LӋW 1DP WKu QJjQK .KҧR Fә 9LӋW 1DP KҫX
QKѭ FKӍ FzQ Oj FRQ Vӕ NK{QJ Fy PӝW QKj NKҧR Fә KӑF QjR ÐQJ ÿm OrQ

504 LONG ĐIỀN

OӟS ÿҫX WLrQ YӅ .KҧR Fә KӑF 9LӋW 1DP QLrQ NKRi ± FQJ YӟL
Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ Wѭ OLӋX FӫD JLiR Vѭ +j 9ăQ 7ҩQ

7iF SKҭP
9LӃW QKLӅX EjL QJKLrQ FӭX NKRD KӑF WUrQ EjL ÿăQJ WUrQ FiF
WҥS FKt FKX\rQ P{Q WURQJ QXӟF .KҧR Fә /ӏFK Vӱ 9ăQ KӑF 9ăQ KRi
'kQ JLDQ 9ăQ KRi 1JKӋ WKXұW Yj QJRjL QѭӟF &RUQHOO 8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVV 1RUWK ,OLQRLV <DOH 8QLYHUVLW\ 0ӻ 7RN\R .\RWR 2VDND
8QLYHUVLW\ 1KұW 6HRXO 8QLYHUVLW\ +jQ 4XӕF 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVV $QK Ĉm YLӃW Yj ÿѭӧF LQ ҩQ QKLӅX ViFK WUrQ FXӕQ ӣ WURQJ
QѭӟF Yj QJRjL QѭӟF
9LӋW 1DP NKҧR Fә KӑF WLӃQJ 1KұW 7RN\R
Trong cõi (California, 1993)

7KHR GzQJ OӏFK Vӱ

6RPH DVSHFWV RI 9LHWQDP FXOWXUH 0ӻ
7uP KLӇX YăQ KRi GkQ JLDQ +j 1ӝL

9LӋW 1DP FiL QKuQ ÿӏD YăQ KRi

9LHWQDP IRONORUH DQG KLVWRU\ 0ӻ 1RUWK ,OLQRLV
(VVD\ LQWR WKH 9LHWQDP SDVW 1HZ <RUN 0ӻ

1JjQK QJKӅ Wә QJKӅ OjQJ QJKӅ 9LӋW 1DP
/jQJ QJKӅ SKӕ QJKӅ 7KăQJ /RQJ +j 1ӝL
9ăQ KRi 9LӋW 1DP WuP WzL Yj VX\ QJүP

7UrQ PҧQK ÿҩW QJKuQ QăP YăQ YұW
7uP KLӇX EҧQ VҳF YăQ KRi [ӭ +XӃ
&RQIXVLDQLVP LQ (DVW $VLD 6HRXO +jQ 4XӕF

.KRD 6ӱ Yj W{L
7uP KLӇX EҧQ VҳF YăQ KRi [ӭ 4XҧQJ
7uP KLӇX EҧQ VҳF YăQ KRi GkQ JLDQ 1DP %ӝ

+j 1ӝL QKѭ W{L KLӇX

&RQ QJѭӡL ± 0{L WUѭӡQJ ± 9ăQ KRi

&iF KRҥW ÿӝQJ NKiF
7әQJ 7Kѭ Nê +ӝL 9ăQ QJKӋ 'kQ JLDQ +j 1ӝL Wӯ ÿӃQ
3Ky 7әQJ 7Kѭ Nê +ӝL 9ăQ KRi 9ăQ QJKӋ 'kQ JLDQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ
ÿӃQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 505

&Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL 6ӱ KӑF +j 1ӝL Wӯ ÿӃQ

8ӹ YLrQ %DQ &KҩS KjQK +ӝL 6ӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ÿӃQ

&Kӫ WӏFK &kX OҥF Eӝ 1JjQK QJKӅ WKӫ F{QJ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ

&Kӫ QKLӋP FkX OҥF Eӝ 9ăQ KRi ҬP WKӵF 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ ÿӃQ
2005)

&ӕ YҩQ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ %ӝ 9ăQ KRi 7K{QJ WLQ YӅ &KѭѫQJ WUuQK WKLӃW
NӃ WX Eә W{Q WҥR FiF GL WtFK OӏFK Vӱ Wӯ ÿӃQ

7ѭ YҩQ 8ӹ EDQ QKkQ GkQ +j 1ӝL YӅ FiF GL WtFK OӏFK Vӱ +j 1ӝL Yj
&KѭѫQJ WUuQK ³1JjQ QăP 7KăQJ /RQJ´ Wӯ ÿӃQ

8ӹ YLrQ +ӝL ÿӗQJ Wѭ YҩQ FӫD 9LӋQ .KRD KӑF ;m KӝL 9LӋW 1DP YӅ
.KX GL WtFK +RjQJ WKjQK 7KăQJ /RQJ

'DQK Gӵ Yj NKHQ WKѭӣQJ
ÐQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF &KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP WһQJ +XkQ FKѭѫQJ /DR ÿӝQJ
KҥQJ 1KҩW Yj UҩW QKLӅX +XkQ +X\ FKѭѫQJ NKiF

/LrQ NӃW QJRjL

&QJ *6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WuP WzL Yj VX\ QJүP WUrQ EiR +j 1ӝL
0ӟL

*6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ ³P} OjQJ´ FӫD +j 1ӝL trên VietNamNet,
QJXӗQ Wӯ EiR 3KiS /XұW 73+&0

*6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WKiF Oj WKӇ SKiFK FzQ Oj WLQK DQK trên
WUDQJ ZHE FӫD ĈҥL KӑF 4XӕF JLD +j 1ӝL

GS.NGѬ7 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ 7Kҫ\ W{L Fk\ ÿҥL WKө FӫD QӅQ Vӱ KӑF
YLӋW QDP

-http://www.giaodiem.com/doithoaiIV/12_thongtran.htm

6ӱ JLD 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ 9jR WKұS QLrQ Vӱ JLD 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ
TXD 0ӻ JLDR OѭX 9ăQ KyD 9LӋW 0ӻ ÿm FD WөQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Oj QJѭӡL
\rX QѭӟF Yj YұQ ÿӝQJ UҩW QKLӅX ĈҥL +ӑF 0ӻ ÿӇ ÿѭӧF ӣ OҥL QKѭQJ NK{QJ
ÿѭӧF ÿҥL KӑF QjR QKұQ QrQ SKҧL WUӣ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP

-http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/entertainment/
story/2005/08/050808_trongcoi.shtml /ӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ YӅ
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK FӫD 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ

7KiQJ &ұS QKұW K *07

Ĉy Oj ³/ӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ YӅ QӛL EҩW KҥQK FӫD PӝW Vӕ QKj WUt
WKӭF 1KR JLD NLQK QJKLӋP ÿLӅQ Gm ´ LQ WURQJ TX\ӇQ 7URQJ &}L 1;%
7UăP +RD &DOLIRUQLD Ĉk\ Oj WұS KӧS PӝW Vӕ WLӇX OXұQ FӫD JLiR

506 LONG ĐIỀN

Vѭ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ VDX FKX\ӃQ ÿL F{QJ WiF ӣ +RD .Ǥ

&Kӫ ÿӅ FKtQK FӫD EjL Oj WK{QJ TXD QKӳQJ NLQK QJKLӋP KӓL FKX\ӋQ
GkQ JLDQ QJѭӡL WD Fy WKӇ ELӃW QKӳQJ ÿLӅX Pj ViFK Yӣ NK{QJ QKҳF ÿӃQ

7KHR WiF JLҧ ³Ĉk\ Oj QKӳQJ OӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ QKkQ JLDQ FKR QrQ
FQJ OҳP FK~QJ FKӍ Fy WKӇ FRL Oj QKӳQJ JLDL WKRҥL Pj QӃX NK{QJ NKy
WtQK OҳP WD FNJQJ Fy WKӇ JӑL Oj QKӳQJ JLDL WKRҥL OӏFK Vӱ ´

³1yL WKHR NLӇX 3KiS QKӳQJ ÿLӅX W{L Fӕ JҳQJ JKL OҥL PӝW FiFK WUXQJ
WKӵF TXD F{QJ WiF ÿLӅQ Gm GѭӟL ÿk\ Oj 7KұW Pj NK{QJ FKҳF Oj 7KӵF ´

'ѭӟL ÿk\ Oj WUtFK ÿRҥQ SKҫQ FXӕL FӫD WLӇX OXұQ FӫD 7UҫQ 4XӕF
9ѭӧQJ

³&NJQJ ÿm Fy GăP FXӕQ ViFK QyL YӅ JLD WKӃ Fө +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QKѭQJ
FkX FKX\ӋQ W{L VҳS NӇ GѭӟL ÿk\ WKu FKѭD WӯQJ DL YLӃW

&KӍ Oj OӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ ӣ .LP /LrQ 1DP ĈjQ ӣ PӝW Vӕ
QJѭӡL JӕF 1JKӋ KLӋQ VӕQJ WҥL +j 1ӝL Yj QKLӅX QѫL NKiF WUrQ PҧQK ÿҩW
9LӋW 1DP 1ӃX WURQJ )RONORUH Fy KLӋQ WѭӧQJ Pj FiF QKj QJKLrQ FӭX
JӑL Oj ³ODQ WUX\ӅQ´ GH WUDQVIHVW IRONORULTXH WKu Wӯ OkX FkX FKX\ӋQ Qj\
FNJQJ ÿm ODQ WUX\ӅQ Wӯ OjQJ .LP /LrQ UD NKҳS KX\ӋQ 1DP ĈjQ UӗL NKҳS
WӍQK 1JKӋ $QK UӗL UӝQJ UD KѫQ QӳD 1KѭQJ SKҥP YL ODQ WUX\ӅQ Yj Vӕ
QJѭӡL ELӃW FkX FKX\ӋQ Qj\ SKҧL QyL Oj KҥQ KҽS 9u QJѭӡL WD Vӧ ÿӝQJ
FKҥP ÿӃQ Fө +ӗ 0ӝW FiL Vӧ Y{ QJKƭD LQVLJQLILDQW QKѭQJ QJѭӡL WD Fӭ
JiQ FKR Qy FiL ê QJKƭD FKtQK WUӏ JLҧ WҥR 9u QKѭ Ej 7UӏQK .KҳF 1LӋP
YLӃW WURQJ FXӕQ WURQJ FXӕQ WLӇX WUX\ӋQ EҵQJ WLӃQJ $QK ³/LIH DQG 'HDWK
LQ 6KDQJKDL ÿm ÿѭӧF SKLrQ GӏFK UD WLӃQJ 9LӋW ӣ [m KӝL ³[m KӝL FKӫ
QJKƭD´ FXӝF ÿӡL FӫD FiF OmQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj ³Et PұW TXӕF JLD´

1KѭQJ ÿk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FKX\ӋQ Fө +ӗ WX\ FNJQJ Fy GtQK GiQJ
ÿӃQ Fө +ӗ 0j Yu ÿk\ Oj FKX\ӋQ Fө WKkQ VLQK UD Fө +ӗ Fө 1JX\ӉQ
6LQK +X\ Pj FNJQJ Oj FKX\ӋQ WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ WK{L QJKƭD Oj WKXӝF SKҥP
WU JLDL WKRҥL )RONORUH FKӭ NK{QJ WKXӝF SKҥP WU OӏFK Vӱ QKѭ W{L ÿm
QyL Wӯ ÿҫX EjL Qj\

1JѭӡL GkQ .LP /LrQ ÿӗQ UҵQJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj
WKXӝF GzQJ PiX Pӫ FӫD KR 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK OjQJ Qj\ 0j Oj FRQ FӫD PӝW
QJѭӡL NKiF {QJ ÿӗ QKR Fӱ QKkQ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR

&ӱ QKkQ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR WKXӝF GzQJ Kӑ +ӗ QәL WLӃQJ ӣ OjQJ 4XǤQK Ĉ{L
KX\ӋQ 4XǤQK /ѭX WӍQK 1JKӋ $Q ÿk\ Oj TXr JӕF FӫD +ӗ 4Xê /\ QKkQ
YұW OӏFK Vӱ FXӕL WKӃ Nӹ ;,9 ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ ;9 ÿk\ FNJQJ Oj TXr JӕF FӫD
DQK HP 7k\ 6ѫQ WKӃ Nӹ ;9,,, YӕQ Kӑ +ӗ ӣ [ӭ 1JKӋ ÿk\ FNJQJ Oj TXr

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 507

KѭѫQJ +RjQJ 9ăQ +RDQ QJѭӡL ÿӗQJ FKt WKkQ FұQ PӝW WKӡL FӫD Fө +ӗ
&Kt 0LQK ÿѭӧF Fө +ӗ JLDR SKө WUiFK F{QJ WiF ÿӕL QJRҥL FӫD ĈҧQJ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Yj FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP GkQ FKӫ FӝQJ KzD WKӡL
NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ 3KiS Yj Oj ĈҥL Vӭ 9LӋW 1DP ÿҫX WLrQ ӣ &ӝQJ +zD
QKkQ GkQ 7UXQJ +RD KLӋQ VӕQJ OѭX YRQJ ӣ 7UXQJ +RD Fy YLӃW PӝW WjL
OLӋX OӏFK Vӱ OjQJ 4XǤQK Ĉ{L TXr {QJ %j Yӧ QKj YăQ OӟQ ĈһQJ 7KiL
0DL QJѭӡL PӝW WKӡL OjP 9LӋQ WUѭӣQJ YLӋQ 9ăQ +ӑF Oj +ӗ 7Kӏ 7RDQ
FNJQJ WKXӝF GzQJ KR +ӗ Qj\ ӣ OjQJ 4XǤQK Ĉ{L .KRҧQJ ÿҫX QKӳQJ
QăP FӫD WKӃ Nӹ WUѭӟF WKӃ Nӹ ;,; Fӱ QKkQ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR Fy WKӡL JLDQ
QJӗL Gҥ\ KӑF ӣ PӝW QKj Kӑ +j QJѭӡL OjQJ 6jL FQJ PӝW [m &KXQJ &ӵ
WәQJ /kP 7KӏQK KX\ӋQ 1DP ĈjQ YӟL OjQJ 6HQ .LP /LrQ Ĉy Oj PӝW
QKj QJKӋ QKkQ GkQ JLDQ WURQJ QKj Fy ³SKѭӡQJ KiW ҧ ÿjR´
1Kj Kӑ +j Fy F{ FRQ JiL WrQ Oj +j 7Kӏ +\ WjL KRD QKDQ VҳF ÿjQ QJӑW
KiW KD\ P~D NKpR ÿһF ELӋW Oj P~D ĈqQ ÿӝL ÿqQ WUrQ ÿҫX ÿqQ WUrQ
KDL FiQK WD\ YӯD KiW YӯD P~D Pj GҫX WURQJ ÿƭD NK{QJ ViQK
UD QJRjL QrQ QJѭӡL OjQJ WKѭӡQJ JӑL Oj F{ ĈqQ 1JѭӡL WD WKѭӡQJ EҧR
Pi KӗQJ WKu PӋQK EҥF QKѭ ĈһQJ 7UҫQ &{Q YLӃW Pӣ ÿҫX NK~F &KLQK
3Kө 1JkP ³KӗQJ QKDQ ÿD WUXkQ´ JiL Pi KӗQJ QKLӅX QӛL WUXkQ FKX\rQ
+D\ QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ 'X WKDQ WKӣ GP QJѭӡL ÿҽS WjL KRD WURQJ WUX\ӋQ .LӅX
³FKӳ WjL FKӳ 0ӋQK NKpR Oj JKpW QKDX´ ³UҵQJ KӗQJ QKDQ Wӵ WKXӣ [ѭD
FiL ÿLӅX EҥF PӋQK Fy FKӯD DL ÿkX´ 9ҧ ӣ WKӡL ҩ\ GѭӟL FKӃ ÿӝ TXkQ FKӫ
QKR JLiR Oҩ\ 7ӭ 'kQ 6ƭ 1{QJ &{QJ 7KѭѫQJ OjP JӕF QJѭӡL WD YүQ
[HP WKѭӡQJ QJKӅ FD [ѭӟQJ Yj FRQ QKj FD [ѭӟQJ ³[ѭӟQJ FD Y{ ORjL´
&{ ĈqQ +j 7Kӏ +\ WjL KRD QKDQ VҳF Oj WKӃ Pj UӗL ED PѭѫL WXәL YүQ FKѭD
Oҩ\ ÿѭӧF FKӗQJ 0j WURQJ QKj WKu OҥL OX{Q Fy EұF YăQ QKkQ {QJ Fӱ +ӗ
6ƭ 7ҥR ³/ӱD JҫQ UѫP OkX QJj\ FNJQJ EpQ´ Oj OӁ WKѭӡQJ WKHR WkP Oê GkQ
JLDQ KXӕQJ FKL Oj JLӳD YăQ QKkQ WjL Wӱ JLDL QKkQ ³7UDL WjL JiL VҳF´
Pj 9j F{ +j 7Kӏ +\ EӛQJ GѭQJ ³NK{QJ FKӗQJ Pj FKӱD´ 0j {QJ Fӱ
7ҥR WKu ÿm Fy Yӧ Fy FRQ UӗL /Ӌ OjQJ QJj\ WUѭӟF SKҥW Yҥ UҩW QһQJ QӅ
VӍ QKөF KҥQJ JiL ³FKӱD KRDQJ´ KҥQJ ³JLDQ SKX GkP SKө´ ĈkX
WUiQK QӛL QKөF FKR FRQ JiL PuQK Yj FKR Fҧ {QJ Fӱ 7ҥR ÿDQJ OjP ³WKҫ\
ÿӗ´ ÿѭӧF KӃW VӭF NtQK WUӑQJ WURQJ QKj PuQK Kӑ +j SKҧL E ÿҫX VX\
tính…

/~F Eҩ\ JLӡ ӣ OjQJ 6HQ FQJ [m Fy {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP GkQ
Fj\ WXәL FDR Pj JyD Yӧ Ej Yӧ WUѭӟF ÿm Fy PӝW FRQ WUDL 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK
7KX\ӃW Yj QJѭӡL FRQ WUDL Qj\ FNJQJ ÿm Fy Yӧ 1Kj Kӑ +j EqQ FKR JӑL
{QJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP ÿӃQ ÿLӅX ÿuQK ³FKR NK{QJ´ F{ +\ OjP Yӧ NӃ
{QJ Qj\ QKѭ PӝW QJѭӡL FRQ JiL [ѭӟQJ FD TXi OӭD Oӥ WKu Oҩ\ {QJ JLj
JyD Yӧ PRQJ pP QKpP YLӋF F{ JiL ÿm ³WR EөQJ´

508 LONG ĐIỀN

&{QJ YLӋF UӗL FNJQJ [RQJ &{ +\ {P EөQJ YӅ QKj FKӗQJ Fy FѭӟL
Fy FKHR FҭQ WKұQ 9LӋF SKҥW Yҥ FӫD OjQJ NK{QJ WKӇ [ҧ\ UD 1KѭQJ F{ JiL
WjL KRD QKDQ VҳF WKu EDR ÿrP NKyF WKҫP Yu EӁ EjQJ KӡQ GX\rQ WӫL SKұQ
9j {QJ OmR Q{QJ GӕW QiW WX\ ÿѭӧF NK{QJ F{ JiL ÿҽS QKѭQJ FNJQJ EXӗQ Yu
ÿkX Fy ÿҽS ÿ{L OҥL FҳQ UăQJ FKӏX ÿӵQJ FiL WLӃQJ ăQ ³FӫD WKӯD´ ³QJѭӡL
ăQ ӕF {QJ Fӱ 7ҥR Nҿ ÿә Yӓ Fө OmR Q{QJ 1KұP ´ ³0LӋQJ WLӃQJ WKӃ
JLDQ [u [ҫP´ DL Pj EӏW PLӋQJ QәL GkQ OjQJ 0j WUѭӟF KӃW Oj OӡL ³QyL
UD QyL YjR´ OӡL FKu FKLӃW FӫD QjQJ GkX Yӧ DQK 7KX\ӃW YӕQ QәL WLӃQJ
QJRD QJRҳW OҳP ÿLӅX ÐQJ 1KұP ÿjQK FKR FRQ WUDL Yj Yӧ DQK WD UD ӣ
ULrQJ Yj PuQK ӣ ULrQJ YӟL Ej Yӧ NӃ

&KӍ tW WKiQJ VDX Ej Yӧ NӃ Qj\ ÿm VLQK Qӣ PӝW PөQ FRQ WUDL ÿѭӧF
{QJ ÿһW WrQ Oj 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF Oҩ\ Kӑ {QJ PһF G {QJ ELӃW U} KѫQ DL
KӃW ÿy NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FRQ {QJ FRQ QKj Kӑ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK Qj\ 1jQJ GkX
{QJ FjQJ ³WLӃQJ EҩF WLӃQJ FKu´ KѫQ WUѭӟF Yu QJRjL YLӋF Eӕ FKӗQJ ³UѭӟF
FӫD WӝL FӫD Qӧ´ ³Oҩ\ ÿƭ OjP Yӧ´ WKu QD\ FzQ QӛL OR´ QJѭӡL FRQ WUDL Qj\
ÿѭӧF {QJ QKұQ OjP FRQ OӟQ OrQ VӁ ÿѭӧF TX\ӅQ FKLD [ҿ FiL JLD WjL YӕQ
FNJQJ FKҷQJ QKLӅX QKһQ Ju FӫD PӝW JLD ÿuQK Q{QJ SKX WK{Q Gm 9LӋF ҩ\
[ҧ\ UD YjR QăP 4Xê +ӧL ÿӡL YXD 7ӵ ĈӭF WKӭ

9u WUӑQJ WXәL OҥL Yu OR SKLӅQ YjL QăP VDX Fө 1KұP TXD ÿӡL Yj FNJQJ
FKӍ tW OkX VDX ÿy Ej +\ FNJQJ PҩW 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF WUӣ WKjQK ÿӭD WUҿ
Pӗ F{L /rQ EӕQ YӅ ӣ YӟL QJѭӡL DQK JӑL Oj ³FQJ FKD NKiF Pҽ´ Pj WKұW
UD Oj ³NKiF Fҧ FKD OүQ Pҽ´ FQJ YӟL Ej FKӏ GkX QJRD QJRҳW NKy WtQK
O~F QjR FNJQJ FKӍ PXӕQ WӕQJ Fә FiL WKҵQJ ³HP Kӡ´ FӫD FKӗQJ Qj\ ÿL FKR
³UҧQK Qӧ´

.K{QJ FҫQ QyL WD FNJQJ KLӇX 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF NKә WkP YӅ WLQK WKҫQ
NKә FӵF YӅ YұW FKҩW QKѭ WKӃ QjR WURQJ FiL FҧQK QKj 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK QKѭ
Yұ\ 7D FҧP WKҩ\ Y{ FQJ WKѭѫQJ [yW PӝW ÿӭD WUҿ Pӗ F{L VӟP FKӏX FҧQK
QJDQJ WUiL FӫD FXӝF ÿӡL %rQ QJRҥL WKu {QJ Ej ÿӅX ÿm PҩW Kӑ +j FKҷQJ
FzQ DL FKӏX FѭX PDQJ ÿӭD WUҿ Fy Vӕ NLӃS KҭP KLX Qj\

0D\ Fy {QJ W~ ÿӗ QKR +RjQJ ;XkQ ĈѭӡQJ QJѭӡL OjQJ &KD +RjQJ
7U JҫQ ÿy [yW WKѭѫQJ ÿӭD WUҿ G VDR FNJQJ Oj KzQ PiX UѫL FӫD PӝW
QKj QKR NKiF OҥL Fy Yҿ ViQJ Gҥ QrQ ÿm ÿyQ YӅ OjP FRQ QX{L FKR ăQ
KӑF 9j ÿӃQ NKL 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF WXәL {QJ Ej ÿӗ Kӑ +RjQJ OҥL Jҧ
FKR F{ FRQ JiL ÿҫX OzQJ +RjQJ 7Kӏ /RDQ PӟL WXәL ÿҫX FKR OjP
Yӧ OҥL OjP FKR FăQ QKj WUDQK ED JLDQ ӣ QJD\ OjQJ &KD ÿӇ Yӧ FKӗQJ
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ӣ ULrQJ

7D GӉ KLӇX Yu VDR 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF JҳQ Ey YӟL Kӑ KjQJ OjQJ TXr

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 509

ErQ Yӧ OjQJ &KD KѫQ Oj YӟL OjQJ 6ѫQ ³TXr QӝL´ TXr FKD ³Kӡ´
&RQ FiL {QJ Wӯ QJѭӡL FRQ JiL ÿҫX 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ 7KDQK TXD QJѭӡL FRQ
WUDL ÿҫX 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK .KLrP WөF JӑL {QJ Fҧ ĈҥW ÿӃQ QJѭӡL FRQ WUDL
WKӭ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK &{Q KD\ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK VDX Qj\ Oj 1JX\ӉQ ÈL
4XӕF UӗL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӅX ÿѭӧF VLQK UD Yj EѭӟF ÿҫX OӟQ OrQ ӣ OjQJ
&KD ErQ TXr 0ҽ KD\ Oj TXr ³QJRҥL´ .KL Fө W~ +RjQJ +RjQJ ;XkQ
ĈѭӡQJ PҩW Yӧ FKӗQJ FRQ FiL 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF OҥL YӅ ăQ ӣ FKXQJ YӟL
Ej ÿӗ W~ +RjQJ &iF FKiX ÿӅX TXҩQ TXtW TXDQK Ej QJRҥL

4XD JLӛ ÿҫX Fө W~ +RjQJ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿL WKL +ѭѫQJ NKRD *LiS
1Jӑ Yj ÿұX Fӱ QKkQ ÐQJ ÿѭӧF QKұQ UXӝQJ ³KӑF ÿLӅQ´ UXӝQJ
F{QJ FӫD OjQJ &KD FKLD FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy KӑF QKҵP NKX\ӃQ NKtFK
YLӋF KӑF ÿӇ KӑF WKrP FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL QKұQ UXӝQJ KӑF FӫD OjQJ 6HQ
.KRD WKL +ӝL ҨW 0L {QJ WKL WUѭӧW

1Kӡ Vӵ YұQ ÿӝQJ JӱL JҩP FӫD {QJ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR QJѭӡL FKD WKӵF FӫD
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF YӟL FiF TXDQ OҥL ÿӗQJ OLrX TXHQ ELӃW ӣ WULӅX ÿuQK
+XӃ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿѭӧF FRL QKѭ ҩP VLQK ÿӇ ÿѭӧF QKұQ YjR KӑF
4XӕF 7ӱ *LiP ӣ NLQK ÿ{ +XӃ $L FNJQJ ELӃW ÿӇ ÿѭӧF QKұQ YjR KӑF
4XӕF 7ӱ *LiP Yj OjP *LiP VLQK SKҧL Oj FRQ FKiX FӫD QKӳQJ JLD ÿuQK
Fy WKӃ OӵF JӑL Oj ³GDQK JLD Wӱ ÿӋ´ 1ӃX NK{QJ Fy Vӵ ³FDQ WKLӋS´ FӫD
{QJ +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR Oj EұF NKRD EҧQJ FDR TXDQ WKu OjP VDR 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK
6ҳF ÿѭӧF QKұQ" 7KӃ Oj G VDR +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR YүQ FzQ Fy PӝW ³Fӱ FKӍ ÿҽS´
YӟL ÿӭD FRQ Pj PuQK NK{QJ GiP QKұQ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 6ҳF ÿәL WrQ Oj
1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ ÿHP Yӧ Yj KDL FRQ WUDL YjR +XӃ Yj ÿL KӑF 4XӕF 7ӱ
*LiP .KRD WKL +ӝL 0ұX 7XҩW {QJ OҥL WUѭӧW

1Jj\ WKiQJ FKҥS QăP &DQK 7ê Ej +RjQJ 7Kӏ /RDQ
ӕP PҩW ӣ NLQK ÿ{ +XӃ VDX NKL VLQK ÿӭD FRQ WUDL ~W ÿӭD FRQ WUDL Qj\ tW
QJj\ VDX FNJQJ FKӃW 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK &{Q 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK 1JX\ӉQ
ÈL 4XӕF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QJj\ QD\ WUӣ WKjQK FRQ WUDL ~W

1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ ÿHP KDL FRQ WUDL YӅ OjQJ &KD JӱL Pҽ Yӧ QX{L
QҩQJ FKăP VyF GP UӗL WUӣ YjR .LQK WKL +ӝL .KRD 7kQ 6ӱX Qj\
{QJ ÿұX SKy EҧQJ Yj ÿѭӧF ³YLQK TX\ EiL Wә´ YӅ OjQJ

7KHR WKӇ WKӭF WULӅX ÿuQK OӉ YLQK TX\ Qj\ SKҧL GLӉQ UD ӣ TXr QӝL G
Oj TXr QӝL GDQK QJKƭD WӭF Oj OjQJ 6HQ .LP /LrQ +ӝL ÿӗQJ +ѭѫQJ Oê
Yj GkQ [m ÿm GӵQJ QKj WUDQK QăP JLDQ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL QKj QJyL WUrQ
PӝW NKRҧQK ÿҩW YѭӡQ OjQJ 6HQ ÿӇ ÿyQ TXDQ SKy EҧQJ WkQ NKRD 1JX\ӉQ
6LQK +X\ YӅ OjQJ

7KӃ Oj EXӝF OzQJ {QJ SKҧL YӅ ³TXr QӝL´ ÐQJ FNJQJ ÿyQ KDL FRQ WUDL

510 LONG ĐIỀN

YӅ ӣ FQJ {QJ /ҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK &{Q +ӗ &Kt 0LQK QJj\ VDX
YӅ ӣ TXr QӝL QKѭQJ WKkQ {QJ OzQJ {QJ YүQ KѭӟQJ YӅ TXr QJRҥL Oj FiL
Ju ³ÿtFK WKӵF´ Yj JҳQ Ey YӟL WXәL WKR {QJ ÐQJ SKy EҧQJ Fy ÿӃQ WKăP
Fө +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR

1KѭQJ JLD ÿuQK {QJ SKy EҧQJ FQJ KDL FRQ WUDL FNJQJ NK{QJ ӣ OkX WҥL
.LP /LrQ &KѭD ÿҫ\ ED QăP 6DX NKL Pҽ Yӧ PҩW {QJ YjR NLQK ÿ{ +XӃ
QKұQ FKӭF TXDQ ӣ E{ /Ӊ ÿHP WKHR KDL FRQ WUDL YjR +XӃ KӑF
1ăP {QJ Eӏ ÿәL ÿL WUL KX\ӋQ %uQK .Kr 5ӗL VDX NKL Eӓ TXDQ KD\
PҩW TXDQ NKRҧQJ {QJ SKLrX EҥW Y{ 6jLJzQ UӗL OөF WӍQK 1DP .Ǥ
.K{QJ EDR JLӡ {QJ YӅ OjQJ 6HQ WUӣ OҥL QӳD

Ӣ OjQJ 6HQ VDX Qj\ FKӍ Fy Ej 7KDQK Yj {QJ &ҧ ĈҥW .KLrP Fҧ KDL
ÿӅX NK{QJ OұS JLD ÿuQK ULrQJ

1JѭӡL WD EҧR O~F VDX NKL Fө +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR ÿm TXD ÿӡL QăP QjR Ej
7KDQK FNJQJ TXD 4XǤQK Ĉ{L JyS JLӛ Fө +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR 7KӃ QJKƭD Oj FiL ³Et
PұW´ YӅ FӝL QJXӗQ FӫD Fө SKy EҧQJ +X\ WURQJ Vӕ FiF FRQ Fө tW QKҩW Fy
Ej FRQ JiL ÿҫX ELӃW 1JѭӡL WD EҧR {QJ &ҧ ĈҥW FNJQJ ELӃW WX\ NK{QJ EDR
JLӡ {QJ VDQJ 4XǤQK Ĉ{L QKұQ Kӑ

&zQ 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK &{Q 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK Fy ELӃW NK{QJ" 7ӯ
NKRҧQJ ÿӃQ WXәL {QJ ӣ OjQJ 6HQ Fy QKӁ QjR NK{QJ DL QyL FKR
{QJ ELӃW" +D\ Oj WUѭӟF ÿy QӳD NKL {QJ ӣ OjQJ &KD TXr QJRҥL JҫQ JөL
YӟL OjQJ 6HQ +D\ Oj VDX ÿy QӳD FKҧ QKӁ NK{QJ NKL QjR Fө SKy EҧQJ
KD\ Ej 7KDQK KD\ {QJ &ҧ ĈҥW OҥL NK{QJ NӇ YӟL {QJ YӅ ³Et PұW´ FӫD JӕF
WtFK SKө WKkQ PuQK"

.K{QJ Fy FKӭQJ Fӟ Ju YӅ YLӋF {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩW 7KjQK 1JX\ӉQ ÈL
4XӕF ELӃW KD\ NK{QJ ELӃW FKX\ӋQ Qj\

6DX Qj\ NKL KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ {QJ FzQ PDQJ QKLӅX WrQ NKiF
QӳD

1KѭQJ ÿӃQ ÿҫX WKұS Nӹ FӫD WKӃ Nӹ Qj\ WKu QJѭӡL WD WKҩ\ {QJ
PDQJ WrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

6DX FiFK PҥQJ WKiQJ WiP NKL WrQ WXәL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WUӣ WKjQK
F{QJ NKDL WKu FNJQJ EҳW ÿҫX Wӯ ÿy GkQ JLDQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ WUt WKӭF ÿӃQ
QJѭӡL GkQ TXr OҥL kP WKҫP EjQ WiQ Yu VDR 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF OҥL ÿәL WrQ
Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK" 9j WrQ Qj\ Fө JLӳ PmL FKR WӟL NKL ³YӅ YӟL &iF 0iF
/r QLQ´ QăP

&XӝF ÿӡL WKӵF FӫD 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FzQ TXi QKLӅX
GҩX KӓL FKӭ SKҧL ÿkX ULrQJ Ju PӝW FiL WrQ 9j ELӃW OjP VDR ÿѭӧF NKL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 511

Fө +ӗ W{L QyL OҥL PӝW OҫQ QӳD WKHR FҧP WKӭF FӫD QJѭӡL ҨQ Ĉӝ ÿm
WUӣ WKjQK ³KX\ӅQ WKRҥL´ P\WK +X\ӅQ WKRҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿѭӧF KuQK
WKjQK WURQJ Y{ WKӭF GkQ JLDQ SRSXODU LQFRQVFLHQFH Pj &DUO *XVWDY
-XQJ JӑL Oj Y{ WKӭF WұS WKӇ 1KѭQJ Qy FNJQJ Fy SKҫQ ÿѭӧF KuQK WKjQK
PӝW FiFK KӳX WKӭF EӣL PӝW Vӕ FiQ Eӝ JҫQ FұQ Fө +ӗ 1JKƭD Oj PӝW SKҫQ
FXӝF ÿӡL Fө +ӗ ÿm ÿѭӧF KX\ӅQ WKRҥL KyD P\VWLILHG

1JD\ VDX FiFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP QJѭӡL WD FzQ LQ Fҧ FXӕQ ViFK PӓQJ
WK{L YӅ 6ҩP 7UҥQJ 7UuQK Fy QKӳQJ FkX YұQ YjR Fө +ӗ Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS
FiFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP 9j 6ҩP 7UҥQJ 7UuQK YүQ ÿѭӧF YұQ YjR Fө +ӗ
FzQ OkX YӅ VDX QӳD ӣ PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP Yj KLӋQ QD\ ӣ PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL
9LӋW OѭX YRQJ G Oj YӟL KұX ê DUULqUH SHQVpH NK{QJ ѭD Ju Fө +ӗ

1KѭQJ ÿy OҥL NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FKӫ ÿӅ FӫD EjL YLӃW Qj\

7Uӣ OҥL YӟL FiL WrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK OӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ EҧR
UҵQJ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF VDX FQJ ÿm Oҩ\ OҥL Kӑ +ӗ Yu Fө ELӃW {QJ QӝL ÿtFK
WKӵF FӫD PuQK Oj Fө +ӗ 6ƭ 7ҥR FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Fө 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK 1KұP

9j GkQ OjQJ 6HQ FNJQJ EҧR 7Ku Fӭ [HP OҫQ ÿҫX WLrQ YӅ WKăP TXr
KѭѫQJ VDX FiFK PҥQJ VDX Pҩ\ FKөF QăP [D TXr Wӯ WKӏ [m
9LQK WӍQK 1JKӋ $Q Fө +ӗ ÿm YӅ OjQJ &KD WUѭӟF UӗL VDX PӟL VDQJ
OjQJ 6HQ ³TXr QӝL´

5LrQJ W{L QJKƭ WKu FNJQJ SKҧL WK{L 9u QKѭ ӣ WUrQ WD ÿm WKҩ\ Fҧ PӝW
WKӡL WKѫ ҩX FӫD Fө +ӗ Oj JҳQ Ey YӟL TXr QJRҥL OjQJ &KD QѫL Fө VLQK UD
Yj EѭӟF ÿҫX OӟQ OrQ &Kӭ ÿkX SKҧL OjQJ 6HQ Oj QѫL Fө FKӍ ӣ Fy YjL QăP
OҥL Oj NKL ÿm EҳW ÿҫX NK{Q OӟQ"

7{L NK{QJ PXӕQ Fy EҩW Fӭ NӃW OXұQ ³NKRD KӑF´ Ju YӅ EjL YLӃW Qj\ 9u
Qy NK{QJ SKҧL Oj PӝW OXұQ YăQ NKRD KӑF Ĉk\ FKӍ Oj YLӋF JKL OҥL PӝW Vӕ
OӡL WUX\ӅQ PLӋQJ GkQ JLDQ YӅ QӛL EҩW KҥQK KD\ Oj FiL NKә WkP KD\ Oj FiL
³PһF FҧP´ FӫD PӝW Vӕ QKj WUt WKӭF 1KR JLD Wӯ ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ ;,9 7UѭѫQJ
+iQ 6LrX &KX 9ăQ $Q ÿӃQ ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ ;; 1JX\ӉQ 6LQK +X\ ÿӕL YӟL
làng quê.

&zQ YLӃW OiFK WKu EDR JLӡ FKҷQJ Oj FKX\ӋQ ³WKѭ EҩW WұQ QJ{Q QJ{Q
EҩW WұQ ê´

7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ

&Ki\ PmL ³QJӑQ OӱD ÿҫX QRQ´

http://vietbao.vn/Van-hoa/Chay-mai-ngon-lua-dau-
non/70019916/181/

7URQJ Wӵ EҥFK FӫD PuQK *6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ Fy YLӃW ³6ӕ SKұQ W{L

512 LONG ĐIỀN

Oj QJӑQ OӱD ÿҫX QRQ´ *6 UD ÿL O~F JLӡ SK~W QJj\ QKѭQJ
³QJӑQ OӱD ÿҫX QRQ´ ҩ\ NK{QJ WҳW EӣL Vӵ QJKLӋS 6ӱ KӑF FӫD {QJ Yj FiF
WKӃ KӋ KӑF WUz FӫD {QJ FzQ ÿy

*6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ TXD ÿӡL ÿӇ OҥL WLӃF WKѭѫQJ VkX VҳF NK{QJ FKӍ
WURQJ JLӟL Vӱ KӑF Yj QKӳQJ WKӃ KӋ KӑF WUz FӫD {QJ

1Kj Vӱ KӑF 'ѭѫQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ± 7әQJ 7Kѭ Nê +ӝL NKRD KӑF /ӏFK
Vӱ PӝW KӑF WUz FӫD *6 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ ÿm FKLD Vҿ YӟL SKyQJ YLrQ
7L͉Q SKRQJ WkP WUҥQJ ÿy ³ĈӕL YӟL W{L WKҫ\ NK{QJ FKӍ Oj PӝW QKj Vӱ KӑF
QKj NKҧR Fә [XҩW VҳF Pj FzQ Oj PӝW WҩP JѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW SKөF QKҩW YӅ
OzQJ WұQ Wө\ WURQJ QJKӅ QJKLӋS Yj Vӵ FKӏX ÿӵQJ ´

&KӏX ÿӵQJ QKӳQJ QӛL FӵF QKӑF WURQJ FiF FKX\ӃQ ÿL ÿLӅQ Gm Yj Fҧ
YӟL Vӵ NK{QJ ÿӗQJ WKXұQ O~F Qj\ O~F NLD FӫD [m KӝL YӅ TXDQ ÿLӇP OӏFK
Vӱ FӫD PuQK

7Kҫ\ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ WKXӝF OӟS ÿҫX WLrQ ÿѭӧF ÿjR WҥR FKtQK TX\
EӣL QKӳQJ QKj Vѭ SKҥP PүX PӵF QKѭ ĈjR 'X\ $QK &DR ;XkQ +X\
9j FiL OӟS ÿҫX WLrQ ҩ\ ÿm ÿyQJ ÿLQK YjR FiF WKӃ KӋ VDX Qj\ QKӳQJ
³/kP /r 7ҩQ 9ѭӧQJ´ FiF QKj Vӱ KӑF ĈLQK ;XkQ /kP 3KDQ +X\
/r +j 9ăQ 7ҩQ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj ³Wӭ WUө´ FӫD QJjQK Vӱ
KLӋQ WKӡL

5ӗL QKLӅX FiL VӁ TXD ÿL QKѭQJ WKҫ\ 7UҫQ 4XӕF 9ѭӧQJ FNJQJ QKѭ ³Wӭ
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YӅ 1DP VӕQJ WKDQK ÿҥP QKѭ PӝW QJѭӡL QJRjL FXӝF 1JѭӡL WD WKѭӡQJ
JӑL {QJ Oj ³{QJ JLj &Kӧ ĈӋP´ Yu &Kӧ ĈӋP Oj TXr {QJ ÐQJ FNJQJ Fy
YLӃW PӝW FXӕQ ViFK QKDQ ÿӅ ³&Kӧ ĈӋP TXr W{L´ YӟL OӕL YăQ ÿһF ELӋW
PLӅQ 1DP QKѭ YăQ QyL

ÐQJ FNJQJ Oj WiF JLҧ PӝW FXӕQ ViFK YӅ 7UѭѫQJ 9ƭQK .ê Oj QJѭӡL Pj
{QJ WUkQ WUӑQJ FKӭ NK{QJ QKѭ PӝW Vӕ ÿҧQJ YLrQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ NKiF FKR
7UXѫQJ 9ƭQK .ê Oj WD\ VDL FӫD 3KiS &XӕQ ViFK YӅ 3KDQ 7KDQK *LҧQ
FӫD {QJ YӯD KRjQ WKjQK FKѭD LQ WKu QKj {QJ Eӏ ³WUӝP´ Oҩ\ ÿL PҩW FQJ
YӟL QKLӅX YăQ EҧQ Yj Wѭ OLӋX NKiF WURQJ ÿy Fy KjQJ WUăP WUDQJ QKұW Nê
FӫD {QJ Ĉy Oj FKѭD NӇ ÿӃQ PӝW YjL FXӕQ {QJ YLӃW NKL ӣ PLӅQ %ҳF QKѭ
³1KӳQJ EjL QyL FKX\ӋQ YӅ OR JtFK´ ³[k\ GӵQJ ÿӝL QJNJ WUt WKӭF PӟL FӫD
FK~QJ WD´ KD\ FXӕQ ³ĈyQJ JyS QKӓ YjR OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP´ ÿӗQJ WiF JLҧ
YӟL %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ

.KL 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ Wӡ ³7UX\ӅQ 7KӕQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ {QJ
Fy YLӃW tW EjL UҩW ÿѭӧF KRDQ QJKrQK QKѭQJ WLӃF UҵQJ FKӍ UD ÿXӧF Vӕ
WKu Eӏ ÿyQJ FӱD .KL Qӳ Nê JLҧ .LP +ҥQK FzQ FRL Wӡ 7XәL 7Uҿ Yj FKR UD
Wӡ 7XәL 7Uҿ &ѭӡL {QJ Fy YLӃW FKR Wӡ EiR Qj\ YӟL E~W KLӋX +DL & 1qR
7KӍQK WKRҧQJ {QJ JӱL EjL TXD 3KiS FKR Wӡ 7K{QJ /XұQ ÿăQJ YӟL QKӳQJ
E~W KLӋX ³1JѭӡL 6DLJRQ 1ăP ĈzQ *iQK 0ӭW *ӯQJ ´ ÐQJ FNJQJ YLӃW
FKR Wӡ EiR FKXL ³1JѭӡL 6DLJRQ´ ӣ WURQJ QѭӟF

6DX NKL TX\ӇQ ³9LӃW FKR Pҽ Yj TXӕF KӝL´ UD PҳW F{QJ FK~QJ UӗL WKuQK
OuQK Eӏ WKX KӗL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm Eӏ WKHR G}L JҳW ÿ{L OҫQ F{QJ DQ Fy
ÿӃQ ³WKăP KӓL´ Yj PӝW QJj\ NLD NKL {QJ ÿDQJ ÿL GҥR WKu Eӏ [H W{QJ VXêW
FKӃW 7ͳ ÿy {QJ WK˱ͥQJ QăQJ SK̫L ÿ͝L FK͟ ͧ ÿ͋ WUiQK E͓ iP ViW ÐQJ PҩW
QJj\ VDX NKL Eӏ FKӭQJ ÿDX UXӝW NpR GjL FKӍ KDL QJj\

1KӳQJ ÿLӇP ³ÿӝF KҥL ´ WURQJ ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´

7KHR ³QKyP F{QJ WiF YLrQ´ WѭӡQJ WUuQK YӟL ĈjR 'X\ 7QJ Yj Ĉӛ
0ѭӡL WURQJ EҧQ EiR FiR PұW YӅ FXӕQ ViFK WKu WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ ÿLӇP ³ÿӝF
KҥL´ ÿӕL YӟL ÿҧQJ WURQJ FXӕQ ViFK Gҫ\ WUDQJ Qj\ TXL YӅ ÿLӇP
chính: “

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 519

1- /rQ iQ QKͷQJ VDL O̯P Yj W͡L iF FͯD ÿ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q 91 Yj E{L
QK͕ P͡W V͙ FiQ E͡ FKͯ FK͙W FͯD ÿ̫QJ

2- 3K̫Q ÿ͙L YL͏F WK͙QJ QK̭W ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF Yj ÿ͉ [X̭W W˱ W˱ͧQJ Y͉ OLrQ
EDQJ 91 Y͉ FKtQK SKͯ PL͉Q 1DP

3- 3K̫Q ÿ͙L YL͏F ÿjQ iS W{Q JLiR Yj FD QJͫL ÿ̩R .L 7{ Yj NrX J͕L
WUͧ Y͉ YͣL W{Q JLiR

4- 3K̫Q ÿ͙L EyS QJḰW W͹ GR GkQ FKͯ ÿzL W͹ GR EiR FKt WX\͏W ÿ͙L ÿzL
FKR UD O̩L Wͥ ³WUX\͉Q WK͙QJ NKiQJ FKL͇Q ´


9Ӆ ÿLӇP EҧQ EiR FiR QrX UD ÿLӅX WURQJ Vӕ ÿy Fy NӇ ÿӃQ
QKӳQJ WӝL iF WURQJ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW FKtQK KXҩQ Yj ÿjQ iS WUt WKӭF
WURQJ Yө iQ ³1KkQ 9ăQ ± *LDL 3KҭP´ &K~QJ W{L FKӍ WUtFK GүQ PӝW YjL
FkX FӫD WiF JLҧ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ Qj\

7UѭӟF KӃW WiF JLҧ QyL ÿӃQ EiR FiR FKtQK WUӏ GR FKtQK +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
ÿӑF WUѭӟF ÿҥL KӝL ,, ÐQJ WUtFK QJX\rQ YăQ ³9Ӆ Oê OXұQ ÿҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ
91 WKHR FKӫ QJKƭD 0iF /r QLQ Oҩ\ Wѭ WѭӣQJ 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ OjP NLP
FKӍ QDP ´ WUDQJ

.KL JһS ULrQJ {QJ +ӗ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm Fy JDQ QyL YӟL {QJ WD
³$QK HP WURQJ Wә QyL Eӝ KӃW GX\rQ UӗL VDR Pj Oҩ\ Wѭ WѭӣQJ 0DR 7UҥFK
Ĉ{QJ OjP Wѭ WѭӣQJ FKӍ ÿҥR FKR ÿҧQJ WD ´


.KL QyL ÿӃQ Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW ³&iL ORjL F͙ Y̭Q ̭\ FzQ Gͧ ViFK UD QyL Fy ViFK Pj O̭\
OͥL FͯD 0DR 7U̩FK Ĉ{QJ ³.L͋X X{QJ W̭W WX TXi FK͑QK´ Pj DQK SKLrQ
G͓FK YͳD QyL YͳD UD E͡ ³QK˱ FiL Fk\ Qy FRQJ Y͉ ErQ KͷX WD PX͙Q X͙Q
Qy FKR QJD\ WKu W̭W QKLrQ Oj SK̫L E̓ FRQJ Qy TXD Y͉ ErQ W̫ ErQ WUiL
%X{QJ UD Qy WUͧ O̩L Oj YͳD ´ &KR QrQ NK{QJ Vͫ TXi WUͣQ &y TXi WUͣQ
PͣL EͣW O̩L Pj QJD\ ÿ˱ͫF Ĉ̭X WUDQK UX͡QJ ÿ̭W Oj P͡W FX͡F FiFK P̩QJ
NLQK WKLrQ ÿ͡QJ ÿ͓D 7URQJ P͡W FX͡F ÿ̫R O͡Q OͣQ O̷P FͯD FX͡F V͙QJ
Fy QJ˱ͥL FK˱D TXHQ K͕ NrX .K{QJ Fy Ju O̩ F̫ 7D ÿiQK K͕ ÿDX Pj K͕
NK{QJ NrX ÿy PͣL ÿiQJ O̭\ OjP O̩ FKͣ ´

³Ĉk\ PӟL Oj WKt ÿLӇP Qy ÿzL WD OjP Kӗ Vѫ WURQJ WӯQJ [m 0ӝW [m Fy
WӯQJ Qj\ EҫQ Fӕ Q{QJ WKu WKHR NLQK QJKLӋP 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKҩW ÿӏQK SKҧL
Fy EҵQJ Qj\ ÿӏD FKӫ

³ĈӝF JLҧ ѫL $QK Pj KӓL W{L GҫX FKR KӗL ҩ\ Fy WLQ QKӳQJ OӡL WKiQK
WKҫQ ҩ\ KD\ NK{QJ Oj DQK FKӱL FKD W{L 7{L JLұQ WURQJ OzQJ VDR Kӑ NKLQK
PLӋW GkQ WD ÿӃQ QKѭ Yұ\ ´ WUDQJ


1KkQ QKҳF OҥL FKX\ӋQ /r 9ăQ /ѭѫQJ Yj 1JX\ӉQ ĈӭF 7kP Eӏ

520 LONG ĐIỀN

hҥ tҫng công tác, NguyӉn Văn Trҩn ÿã ÿӇ trong ngoһc ÿѫn lӡi than ÿau
ÿӟn vӅ cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt:“(...Ôi bҵng cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt, các ngѭѫi
ÿã giӃt bao nhiêu mҥng ngѭӡi!) ” (trang 197)

Mӝt trăm trang sau ông viӃt: “Tӝi ác cӫa cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt thì nói
sao cho xiӃt.” Và: “Mình phҧi thay trâu mà kéo cҫy nhѭng vүn tin nhѭ
thұt: có cѫm chan nѭӟc mҳt mà lùa là nhӡ ѫn ÿҧng, ѫn Bác.” (Trang
268)

* Ngoài cái tӝi giӃt ngѭӡi, cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt còn bӏ NguyӉn Văn
Trҩn kӃt tӝi phá tan hoang kinh tӃ:

“...Ngѭӡi nông dân ÿӕt mía làm cӫi ÿem bán (ӣ Hà Ĉông, MV).
Cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt làm cho sҧn xuҩt nhѭ trҿ con ÿӭng chӵng. Rӗi cҧi
tҥo tѭ sҧn ÿánh cái ÿòn cӫa nó làm cho kinh tӃ hóa ra cái gì lúc ҩy
không có lӡi văn tҧ, vì nhân văn giai phҭm ÿã bӏ ÿánh quҽp.

MiӅn Bҳc cӭ nghèo, nghèo, nghèo.
Ĉã là Cӝng Sҧn thì hӃt tình, mà còn là chӋc nӳa thì hҧo hán, vұy
nên Chu Ân Lai nói ngay khi ông sang thăm ÿҩt nѭӟc ta, mӝt cách chí
tình và hҧo hán: “Ta phҧi biӃt làm ra mà ăn, chӭ không lӁ cӭ ngӱa tay
mà xin hoài.” ” (trang 211)

* Vì ông là ÿҥi biӇu quӕc hӝi, luұt cҧi cách ruӝng ÿҩt có ÿѭa ra
quӕc hӝi thông qua, nên ông nghƭ mình cNJng có trách nhiӋm vӅ viӋc
thông qua qua cái luұt giӃt ngѭӡi ÿó. Nhѭng ông níu gҩu aó phó chӫ
tӏch nhà nѭӟc Tôn Ĉӭc Thҳng ÿӇ bào chӳa nhѭ thӃ này: “N͇u má tôi
ÿ͡i m͛ ng͛i d̵y mà h͗i: “T̩i sao con ÿ͛ng ý cái lu̵t ác nhân ác ÿͱc
̭y?” Tôi sͅ th˱a: – Lu̵t ̭y có ác nh˯n, cNJng t̩i ng˱ͥi làm. Nè nghe
má. Có l̯n anh ch͓ em Nam B͡ “ÿ̩i bi͋u” bi͋u tôi ÿ͇n g̿p ông già Tôn
mà h͗i, t̩i sao ͝ng ÿ͋ cho c̫i cách ru͡ng ḓt gi͇t ng˱ͥi nh˱ v̵y?”
Bác Tôn ÿang ng͛i, nghe tôi h͗i, li͉n ÿͱng d̵y b˱ͣc ra kh͗i gh͇, vͳa
ÿi và nói:

- Ĉ. m., tao cNJng sӧ nó, mày biӇu tao còn dám nói cái gì?” (trang
266-267)

* VӅ chӍnh huҩn, NguyӉn Văn Trҩn kӇ: “Tͳ khi tôi mͣi ra mi͉n
B̷c, ÿ˱ͫc nói chuy͏n vͣi nhͷng ÿàn anh có Tây h͕c nhi͉u, thì th̭y
ai ṋy ÿ͉u không tán thành cái l͙i ch͑nh hṷn mà Mao sáng tác...
Ai ṋy ÿ͉u nói ch͑nh hṷn ph̫n ánh s͹ c˱ͥng b̩o cͯa b͹c vua chúa
cách m̩ng “ph˱˯ng Ĉông”. Là m͡t s͹ bày vͅ m͡t cách phi nhân, th̯n
thánh t˱ t˱ͧng cͯa ÿ̫ng cͯa giai c̭p công nhân, r͛i b̷t ng˱ͥi ta theo
ÿó mà ki͋m ÿi͋m mình...

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 521

³7{L QKuQ TXDQK TXҩW WKҩ\ Fy QJѭӡL YLӃW EҧQ NLӇP WKҧR NKә Vӣ +ӑ
QyL NKә Vӣ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj QyL UD OӛL OҫP Pj NKә Vӣ Oj SKҧL EӏD UD OӛL OҫP
ÿӇ EҧQ NLӇP WKҧR ÿѭӧF FRL Oj WKjQK NKҭQ

³7KұW UD Vӵ KӑF WұS FKӍQK KXҩQ ÿm OjP FKR QJѭӡL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WKѫ
QJk\ QJj\ [ѭD WKҩ\ K͕F U͛L PuQK FK̻QJ FzQ UD FRQ QJ˱ͥL QͷD.” (trang
172-173)


9Ӆ Vӵ WUDQK FKҩS JLӳD /LrQ ;{ Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF WURQJ NKRҧQJ WKұS
QLrQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ JKL QKұQ ³ÐQJ +͛ FKXQJ WKͯ\ YͣL /LrQ ;{
Pj ÿ͛QJ WKX̵Q YͣL FKL͇Q O˱ͫF KzD EuQK 1K˱QJ {QJ NK{QJ ÿ͛QJ WKX̵Q
ÿ˱ͫF YͣL ÿ̫QJ ÿ̫QJ Pj {QJ W͝ FKͱF Yj JLiR GͭF 1y ÿHP {QJ UD Pj
OjP WuQK OjP W͡L &iL ÿy tW DL EL͇W 7{L EL͇W Yj Vͅ QyL ÿk\ WUDQJ


1Kӡ WKkQ YӟL %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ ѬQJ 9ăQ .KLrP Yj ;XkQ 7Kӫ\
Pj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ELӃW ÿѭӧF UҵQJ O~F ÿy ÿҧQJ Oj FKtQK /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ
7Kӑ ÿm NKӕQJ FKӃ ÿѭӧF Fҧ {QJ +ӗ ÿӇ ÿѭD UD ÿѭӡQJ OӕL QJҧ KҷQ YӅ %ҳF
.LQK $L ÿL FKӋFK Eӏ JKpS WӝL ³[pW OҥL´

³9ͣL FiL JL͕QJ ³Ṕ ÿͥL´ %L &{QJ 7UͳQJ QyL YͣL W{L (3) &iL WK̹QJ
W͹ QKLrQ PX͙Q OjP .K͝QJ 7͵ Qj\ NKy O̵W Qy O̷P 9u Qy Fy F{QJ WU̩QJ
ͧ 1DP %͡ Yj P̭\ Ej Pi {P Qy FKXP FKͯP WURQJ OzQJ

&iL WKҵQJ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ WUѭӟF JLӡ KӑS Qy ÿL ÿL OҥL OҥL WURQJ SKzQJ
QKѭ WKӇ ÿӝL WUXӣQJ PӝW Wә SKiR ÿL NLӇP WUD ÿӕF WK~F SKiR ELQK FKXҭQ Eӏ
1y NK{QJ K~W WKXӕF 1KѭQJ K{P QD\ Qy FҫP ORQ WKXӕF ĈҥL 7LӅQ 0{Q
ӣ WD\ Qj\ WD\ NLD Qy FҫP EұW OӱD WKӭ QKѭ FKҫ\ JLm JҥR 1y ÿL OӵD PһW
Pj FKuD ORQ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK 7RjQ WD\ ăQ K~W WKҩ\ WKXӕF Oi 7UXQJ 4XӕF
QKѭ OkQ WKҩ\ SKiR 1y Pӣ KӝS Oҩ\ PӝW ÿLӃX QJұP UӗL FKuD PӗP UD
7KҵQJ 7Kӑ ÿiQK EұW OӱD PӝW FiL ³EHQJ´ ĈӭQJ [D WKҩ\ WKҵQJ 7RjQ JұW
ÿҫX 7Kӑ ÿL ÿӃQ FKӛ WKҵQJ +X\ &H SHWLW WKҵQJ QKӓ Qj\ Eӧ KӝS WKXӕF
/r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FNJQJ ÿiQK EұW OӱD PӝW FiL ³EHQJ´ 7KҵQJ +X\ NKRiW PӗL
OӱD FKѭD ÿӕW WKXӕF Fy OӁ Qy ÿDQJ FzQ WuP OӡL YăQ ³0DR QKLӅX´ Ӣ PӝW
JyF SKzQJ WKҵQJ +j +X\ *LiS ÿӭQJ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ WӟL QyL FiL Ju WKҵQJ
*LiS QJKLrP VҳF PһW JұW JұW ÿҫX %D Yӏ ҩ\ ÿѭӧF /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FRL Oj ED
WD\ Fy Oê OXұQ PӡL ± ELӇX OrQ WLӃQJ

0j WUӡL ӟL GѭӟL WULӅX ÿҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK DL ÿѭӧF /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿӇ ê Fy
FҧP WuQK Oj Pi WKҵQJ ÿy ÿҿ Qy ÿrP UҵP WKҳQJ Eҧ\

7DR QyL FKR Pj\ QJKH QKD %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ QyL WLӃS YӅ FKX\ӋQ
OmR +ӗ &Kt PLQK 7DR QJKH WKҵQJ 7Kӑ kP PѭX OұW ÿә {QJ JLj Yj Oҩ\
1JX\ӉQ &Kt 7KDQK WKD\ ÐQJ OmR FKӍ FzQ OjP QJѭӡL FKX\rQ QJKLrQ FӭX
Oê OXұQ 0iF /r QLQ &KX\ӋQ QѭӟF JLDR 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 7KDQK 9LӋF ÿҧQJ

522 LONG ĐIỀN

VWDWX TXR /r 'XүQ

0j\ FRL FRL Qy WӝL QJKLӋS NK{QJ ĈӗQJ FKt +ӗ &Kt 0LQK PX{Q
YjQ NtQK \rX FӫD FK~QJ WD EұQ ÿӗ OөD JX FKӫ WUu KӝL QJKӏ Pj GD\ PһW UD
VkQ &y Oӛ WDL Wӵ QKLrQ Qy SKҧL KӭQJ QKӳQJ OӡL F{QJ NtFK PҥW ViW /LrQ
;{ .KL FKѭӟQJ WDL TXi TXD\ Y{ ÿѭD WD\ ÿӇ QyL WKu WKҵQJ 7Kӑ OӉ SKpS
%ҳF +j ³%iF Km\ ÿӇ FKR DQK HP QJѭӡL WD QyL ÿm Pj ´

7DR ÿӃP OmR +ӗ ÿѭD WD\ Pҩ\ OҫQ OҫQ QjR WKҵQJ 7Kӑ FNJQJ NӏS QJăQ
&XӕL FQJ {QJ FNJQJ FKR KӝL QJKӏ QJKH {QJ QyL FD GDR EҵQJ WLӃQJ NKyF
.KL WKѭѫQJ WUiL ҩX FNJQJ WUzQ .KL JKpW Ez KzQ FNJQJ PpR 9j {QJ QyL
[өL Oѫ 7Kҩ\ OӧL QJѭӡL WD FKR WrQ OӱD Y{ WKҩ\ EҩW OӧL QJѭӡL WD U~W UD Pj

%L &{QJ 7UӯQJ QyL YӟL W{L QKѭ Yұ\ WUDQJ

³&zQ 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP

7UѭӟF NKL YjR KӝL QJKӏ WDR Fy WUDQK WKӫ QyL ULrQJ YӟL {QJ Fө Oj
WDR VӁ NK{QJ ÿѭD UD FiL QKiS EҧQ WX\rQ Eӕ FKXQJ FӫD WDR Yj 1RYRWQ\
FKR {QJ Fө \rQ WkP 9u WURQJ EҧQ WKҧR ҩ\ {QJ Fө Fy WKrP Pҩ\ FKӛ FzQ
PDQJ WXӗQJ FKӳ FӫD PRQVLHXU +ӗ &Kt 0LQK UjQK UjQK 7DR QJKƭ EҧQ
WKҧR ҩ\ ÿѭD UD NK{QJ SKkQ EXD Ju FKR WDR Pj FKӍ OjP WKӟW FKR ViX 7Kӑ
EăP {QJ Fө

+ӝL QJKӏ Qj\ Fy WK{QJ TXD FiL ³QJKӏ TX\ӃW Ǝ Yj Pҩ\ DQK ҩ\ QyL
Oj FNJQJ Fy WUrQ ӫ\ YLrQ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ NK{QJ Eӓ WKăP

$QK .KLrP Oӝ Et PұW

7DR Fy KӓL Pt {QJ &ө Fy Eӓ WKăP NK{QJ ÐQJ &ө OjP WKLQK

³1JKӏ TX\ӃW Ǝ WҥR PӝW FDR WUjR WUҩQ iS NKӫQJ Eӕ ÿҧQJ YLrQ 1y
FKR OұS UD EDQ [pW WӝL Yj NӃW iQ WUӵF WKXӝF Eӝ FKtQK WUӏ FӫD WUXQJ ѭѫQJ
ÿҧQJ %DQ Qj\ Fy Pҩ\ EDQ YLrQ W{L NK{QJ QyL &KӍ QyL QJѭӡL ÿӭQJ WKӟW
Oj /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ QJѭӡL OjP KHR Oj 7UҫQ 4XӕF +RjQ W{L QyL JLӑQJ WKӏW
OXӝF &Kӧ ĈӋP

+DL Yӏ Qj\ WRjQ TX\ӅQ TX\ NӃW WӝL [pW OҥL FKӕQJ ÿҧQJ kP PѭX OұW
ÿә SKҧQ FiFK PҥQJ WD\ VDL ÿӃ TXӕF

1ӃX ÿӭQJ YӅ PһW ÿҧQJ Pj DQK UD QJKӏ TX\ӃW NKDL WUӯ WrQ 8QJ
9ăQ .KLrP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 9ӏQK %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ Yj /r /LrP WKu TX\ӅQ
DQK WURQJ QӝL Eӝ ÿҧQJ DQK

ĈjQJ Qj\ KLӃQ SKiS OXұW SKiS DQK FRL QKѭ JLҿ UiFK ÐL 1yL OjP
FKL ÿӃQ QKkQ TX\ӅQ FKR [D [{L ´ WUDQJ


7LӃS WKHR 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm QyL ÿӃQ WUѭӡQJ KӧS +RjQJ 0LQK
&KtQK Eӏ EҳW Yj GDQK ViFK UҩW QKLӅX QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳW WLӃS WKHR Pj {QJ FKӍ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 523

QrX WrQ QJѭӡL Fy FKӭF Yӏ WrQ WXәL WURQJ Vӕ ÿy Fy QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Eӓ
[iF WURQJ W QKѭ 3KҥP 9LӋW Yj Fy QJѭӡL YӅ ÿӃQ QKj WKu FKӃW QKѭ 3KҥP
.Ǥ 9kQ

197 FzQ ÿăQJ QJX\rQ YăQ ÿѫQ NKLӃX QҥL FӫD Ej 9NJ ĈuQK +XǤQK
3KҥP 7Kӏ 7Ӆ WURQJ ÿy Fy QyL QһQJ YӅ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ

³ÐQJ /r ĈͱF 7K͕ ÿm QKkQ GDQK ÿ̫QJ KjQK ÿ͡QJ QK˱ QKj ÿ͡F WjL
Y{ QKkQ ÿ̩R YͣL QJD\ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL E̩Q QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL ÿ͛QJ FKt ÿm FQJ
QKDX FKLD V̓ JLDQ ODR WURQJ QKj W ÿ͇ TX͙F QKͷQJ ÿ͛QJ FKt ÿm F˱X
PDQJ FKtQK E̫Q WKkQ PuQK WURQJ QKͷQJ QăP WKiQJ NKy NKăQ QK̭W FͯD
FX͡F ÿ̭X WUDQK JL̫L SKyQJ GkQ W͡F &K͑ Yu K͕ ÿm VX\ QJKƭ NK{QJ JL͙QJ
PuQK Yj ÿm GiP QyL UD QKͷQJ VX\ QJKƭ ̭\ 7K̵W Oj ÿDX ÿͣQ Yj W{L QJKƭ
Q͟L ÿDX ÿͣQ ̭\ VH OzQJ KjQJ WUL͏X WUiL WLP \rX W͹ GR Yj F{QJ Oê ´ WUDQJ
332)


6DX NKL WUtFK GүQ ³ÿѫQ NKLӃX QҥL´ FӫD 3KҥP 7Kӏ 7Ӆ 197 FKR
UҵQJ Ej Qj\ OjP PӝW YLӋF Y{ tFK Yu ³FKӟ KLӃQ SKiS Yj SKiS OXұW Eӏ FRL
QKѭ NK{QJ Fy WKu WKѭD´ YӟL DL Pj OjP ÿѫQ´ ÐQJ FNJQJ FKR UҵQJ Fy OӁ
WURQJ WKkP WkP Ej WD Fy ê ³YLӃW PӝW EҧQ iQ QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF YLӃW
³EҧQ iQ FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF GkQ Yұ\ ´ WUDQJ


197 ÿm OrQ iQ FKӃ ÿӝ EҵQJ QKӳQJ OӡL OӁ NK{QJ NLrQJ QӇ ³7͡L iF
FͯD FK͇ ÿ͡ Qj\ Wͳ QăP QD\ WK̵W QyL NK{QJ K͇W ´ WUDQJ


ÐQJ JӑL QKӳQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ +ӗ +LӃX Ĉӛ WUXQJ +LӃX Yj OLQK PөF
Chân Tín là ³W͵ Q̩Q FͯD FK͇ ÿ͡ NKL YXL WKu E̷W NKL EX͛Q WKu WKD´ WUDQJ
366)


ÐQJ VR ViQK Yj WKҩ\ UҵQJ EDQ ÿҫX NKL ÿҧQJ FҫQ ÿӃQ QJѭӡL QJRjL
ÿҧQJ KӧS WiF WURQJ FKtQK TX\ӅQ WKu tW WKҩ\ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿy Eӏ NKX\ӃW
ÿLӇP 1KѭQJ ³ÿ͇Q QD\ WKu Wͳ FKͯ W͓FK [m SK˱ͥQJ ÿ͇Q FKiQK SKy FKͯ
QKL͏P FiF NKRD WU˱ͧQJ SKy SKzQJ KjQK FKiQK WX\͏W ÿ̩L E͡ SK̵Q ÿ͉X
Oj ÿ̫QJ YLrQ 0j EX͛Q WKD\ WURQJ FiL TX͙F Q̩Q WKDP QKNJQJ KL͏Q QD\
WKu Fy WK͋ QyL WKͯ SK̩P K̯X K͇W Oj ÿ̫QJ YLrQ Yu FK͑ Fy K͕ PͣL Fy TX\͉Q
ÿ͋ Pj WKDP QKNJQJ ´ WUDQJ


9Ӆ WuQK WUҥQJ WKD KyD FӫD JLDL FҩS F{QJ QKkQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ
NKҷQJ ÿӏQK Nҿ WUiFK QKLӋP FKtQK Oj ÿҧQJ FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Kӑ “Chúng ta
WK˱ͥQJ SKr SKiQ JLDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ WKD KyD QK˱QJ TXrQ U̹QJ FKtQK
Ĉ̫QJ 1Kj Q˱ͣF Y{ V̫Q FͯD WD ÿm OjP WKD KyD JLDL F̭S F{QJ QKkQ´
(trang 384)


9ӕQ Oj PӝW QKj EiR Fy WjL Yj QăQJ Qә 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FKR
QJѭӡL ÿӑF Fy FҧP WѭӣQJ UҵQJ PөF ÿtFK FKtQK FӫD FXӕQ ViFK {QJ YLӃW

524 LONG ĐIỀN

Oj QKҵP WҩQ F{QJ ÿҧQJ Yj QKj QѭӟF [KFQ YӅ TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt Pj
ÿLӅX FӫD KLӃQ SKiS ÿm TX\ ÿӏQK ³&{QJ GkQ Fy FiF TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR QJ{Q
OXұQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt Wӵ GR KӝL KӑS Wӵ GR OұS KӝL Wӵ GR ELӇX WuQK ´ 0һF
G FiL ÿLӅX ҩ\ FKR WKzQJ WKrP FkX ³SK KӧS YӟL OӧL tFK FӫD FKӫ QJKƭD
[m KӝL ´ ÐQJ YLӃW ³Ĉm QyL W͹ GR EiR FKt VDR O̩L SK̫L [LQ SKpS" &K~QJ
W{L ṶW NKy KL͋X Y͉ TXDQ QL͏P W͹ GR FͯD FiF DQK Ĉm [LQ SKpS WKu NK{QJ
FzQ Ju Oj W͹ GR ´ WUDQJ


ÐQJ ÿm NK{QJ QJҫQ QJҥL OjP PӝW YLӋF VR ViQK YӟL FKӃ ÿӝ WKӵF
GkQ WUѭӟF NLD ³ĈL͉X ṶW NKy KL͋X Oj WURQJ FK͇ ÿ͡ [m K͡L WKX͡F ÿ͓D
FNJ WU˱ͣF ÿk\ FͯD [ͱ 1DP .Ǥ &RFKLQFKLQH QJ˱ͥL &͡QJ 6̫Q ÿm G͹D
YjR TX\͉Q W͹ GR EiR FKt FͯD FKiQK TX͙F Ĉ͇ TX͙F 3KiS Pj UD EiR
³/¶$YDQW *DUGH´ 7L͉Q 3KRQJ GR ÿ͛QJ FKt 1JX\͍Q 9ăQ 1JX\͍Q SKͭ
WUiFK EiR /H 3HXSOH Yj EiR 'kQ &K~QJ QăP GR ÿ͛QJ FKt 1JX\͍Q
9ăQ 7ṶQ SKͭ WUiFK Pj NK{QJ [LQ SKpS FK͑ Fy Wͥ NKDL EiR ÿ˯Q JL̫Q
VLPSOH GpFODUDWLRQ WK{L &zQ QJj\ QD\ WURQJ FK͇ ÿ͡ [KFQ FK͇ ÿ͡ W͹
GR Pj QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL NKiQJ FKL͇Q FNJ NK{QJ ÿ˱ͫF TX\͉Q UD EiR OjP
EiR P̿F G KL͇Q SKiS ÿm TX\ ÿ͓QK FiF TX\͉Q W͹ GR FͯD F{QJ GkQ WURQJ
ÿy Fy TX\͉Q W͹ GR EiR FKt 7K̵W Oj NǤ TX̿F ´ WU


ÐQJ FzQ ÿL [D KѫQ QӳD ± Yj NK{QJ ELӃW VӁ GүQ WӟL ÿkX ± NKL YLӃW
³&K͇ ÿ͡ FDL WU͓ WKX͡F ÿ͓D Pͧ PDQJ ÿ̯X yF FKR GkQ W͡F V͙QJ TXi OkX
G˱ͣL FK͇ ÿ͡ SKRQJ NL͇Q O̩F K̵X 9j QJ˱ͥL 6DLJRQ FNJ GkQ 1DP .Ǥ
V͙QJ YͣL FK͇ ÿ͡ WK͹F GkQ ÿm Fy V͹ JLiF QJ͡ FKtQK WU͓ ÿ̩W ÿ˱ͫF WUuQK ÿ͡
FKtQ PX͛L ṶW VͣP (4) %̷F +j QK˱ 7U˱ͥQJ &KLQK /r ĈͱF 7K͕ NK{QJ
WK̭\ QKͷQJ JLi WU͓ GkQ FKͯ Pj Q˱ͣF 3KiS VͣP ÿHP FKR ³WK̯Q GkQ
3KiS ͧ 1DP .Ǥ´ Yj QJ˱ͥL WD O̭\ FiL NK{QJ GkQ FKͯ Y{ OXkQ WK˱ͥQJ
Pj ÿq ÿ̯X QJ˱ͥL ÿm W̵S QKL͍P GkQ FKͯ FiFK P̩QJ OkX ÿͥL U͛L WKu ÿq
QpQ QK˱ ͧ FiF [ͱ O̩QK WX\͇W SKͯ P̿W WUͥL OrQ F͗ O̩L QJyF ÿ̯X ´

³ 7D WiFK KҷQ FiL JӑL Oj ³YăQ KyD QJX GkQ FӫD WKӵF GkQ 3KiS´ UD
NKӓL Wѭ WѭӣQJ GkQ FKӫ FӫD QӅQ GkQ FKӫ NKDL ViQJ 3KiS Oj OjP PӝW YLӋF
Y{ QJKƭD

³Ĉk\ W{L PXӕQ Ej\ Wӓ PӝW ÿLӅX ÿiQJ WLӃF Oj QJѭӡL WD JHQUH


&KҷQJ QKӳQJ {QJ VR ViQK Wӵ GR EiR FKt {QJ FzQ VR ViQK Fҧ EҫX
Fӱ Yj FNJQJ GүQ FKӭQJ FKR WKҩ\ WKӡL 7k\ WѭѫQJ ÿӕL ÿѭӧF Wӵ GR KѫQ QJj\
nay. (trang 433)


&zQ YLӋF [XҩW EҧQ ViFK WKu {QJ WKѭD YӟL TXӕF KӝL WURQJ QJRһF ÿѫQ
QKѭ VDX ³ '̩ WK˱D TX͙F K͡L QJj\ [˱D G˱ͣL WKͥL 3KiS WKX͡F YL͏F [X̭W
E̫Q P͡W TX\͋Q ViFK G͍ QK˱ F˯P EͷD ´ WUDQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 525

1ѫL ÿҫX SKҫQ 9, WӭF SKҫQ FXӕL FӫD WiF SKҭP WUѭӟF NKL WUtFK ÿăQJ
QJX\rQ YăQ KDL EjL ViP KӕL FӫD OLQK PөF &KkQ 7tQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ
ÿm QrX OrQ Pҩ\ QJX\rQ WҳF ÿҥR Oê FӫD QKj WULӃW KӑF GX\ WkP ( .DQW
FKӫ WUѭѫQJ Oҩ\ QKkQ Yӏ OjP FӭX FiQK PӑL KRҥW ÿӝQJ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF FRL
QKkQ Yӏ Oj SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ ÐQJ JLҧL WKtFK OӟL FӫD .DQW QKѭ VDX ³1rQ F̷W
QJKƭD WURQJ YjL GzQJ QKkQ Y͓ ÿHP FK̭W OL͏X O̩L FKR E͝Q SK̵Q 1KkQ Y͓
Oj P͡W FͱX FiQK W͹ QKLrQ GR ÿy Qy Oj W{Q QJKLrP Yj WURQJ QKͷQJ ÿL͉X
NL͏Q ÿy OXkQ Oê FKtQK Oj V͹ ÿ͙L ÿmL YͣL FRQ QJ˱ͥL FRL QK˱ P͡W F˱~ FiQK
FKͱ NK{QJ SK̫L P͡W SK˱˯QJ WL͏Q ´ 7UDQJ

&ҧP QJKƭ YӅ WiF JLҧ Yj WiF SKҭP ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´

*ҩS FXӕQ ViFK OҥL QJѭӡL ÿӑF FҧP WKҩ\ WKѭѫQJ WiF JLҧ Yj WLӃF UҵQJ
{QJ ÿm ÿӇ Fҧ FXӝF ÿӡL SKөF Yө PӝW Oê WѭӣQJ WѭӣQJ UҵQJ FDR ÿҽS Pj NӃW
FXӝF QKѭ Fy OӁ FKtQK {QJ FNJQJ ÿm QKuQ WKҩ\ U} WURQJ QKӳQJ QJj\ FXӕL
ÿӡL {QJ Qy FKӍ Oj ҧR WѭӣQJ ³EiQK YӁ´ ÐQJ ÿm Fӕ ELӋQ PLQK FKR OӵD
FKӑQ FӫD {QJ WURQJ TXi NKӭ EҵQJ FiFK QKҳF OҥL ³QKӳQJ SKiW NLӃQ FiFK
PҥQJ [m KӝL ´ FӫD 0iF QKӳQJ ³Wѭ GX\ ÿҫ\ VӭF VӕQJ´ FӫD /r QLQ OzQJ
³QKkQ iL WLQK WKҫQ GkQ WӝF´ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK 1KѭQJ NK{QJ ~S Pӣ {QJ
OrQ iQ Wѭ WѭӣQJ 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Yj QKҩW Oj Wѭ WѭӣQJ ÿӝF WjL FӫD´JHQUH
%ҳF +j´ QKѭ 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ 0ӑL WӝL OӛL FӫD ÿҧQJ [HP UD
{QJ PXӕQ ÿә KӃW OrQ ÿҫX QKyP OmQK ÿҥR PLӅQ %ҳF .K{QJ DL QJKL QJӡ
{QJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ PӝW QѭӟF ULrQJ FӫD PLӅQ 1DP Pj WKHR {QJ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR SKҧL JӗP QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿm WӯQJ ÿѭӧF KҩS WKө YăQ KyD
FӫD PӝW QѭӟF 3KiS WLrQ SKRQJ WURQJ FiFK PҥQJ GkQ FKӫ Wѭ VҧQ ÐQJ Oj
QJѭӡL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ QKѭQJ OҥL ѭӟF PXӕQ ± Yj Fy Yҿ OX\ӃQ WLӃF ± PӝW QӅQ
GkQ FKӫ Wѭ VҧQ G FKӍ Oj ³WѭѫQJ ÿӕL ´

5LrQJ YӅ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK {QJ WUѭQJ GүQ UҩW QKLӅX FKӛ FKӭQJ Wӓ {QJ
PӃQ SKөF Yӏ OmQK Wө FӫD {QJ ÐQJ PXӕQ EҳW FKѭӟF QJѭӡL [ѭD NKҳF WUrQ
ELD Pӝ FӫD WULӃW JLD GX\ WkP .DQW FkX QyL WKӡL GDQK FӫD {QJ Qj\ ÿӇ
³NKҳF WUrQ QҳS Pӗ FӫD +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FK{Q WURQJ OzQJ W{L FkX ³1JѭӡL
ҩ\ VӕQJ Fy OXkQ WKѭӡQJ´ ÐQJ ÿm WUtFK GL FK~F FӫD {QJ +ӗ PRQJ FiF
ÿҧQJ DQK HP ÿRjQ NӃW 5ӗL JӑL 3KDQ 9ăQ .KҧL ³&K~ .KҧL ѫL Fy ÿrP
QjR FK~ WUҵQ WUӑF QJKƭ Pj WKѭѫQJ Fө +ӗ NK{QJ"´ 1KѭQJ FNJQJ Fy FKӛ
{QJ YLӃW ³OmR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ WUDQJ &Kӛ NKiF {QJ WUѭQJ GүQ FkX
QyL EҩW Kӫ FӫD {QJ +ӗ ³1ѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP Oj PӝW GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP Oj
PӝW ´ Yj FRL FkX ÿy Oj Oê GR ÿӇ ÿҧQJ FӫD QKyP 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK /r ĈӭF
7Kӑ YӝL Ym WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF OLӅQ VDX JLҧL SKyQJ 0j {QJ WKu
KRjQ WRjQ SKҧQ ÿӕL YLӋF WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿy 9u Yұ\ WX\ NK{QJ GiP QyL UD
{QJ ÿm QJҫP FKr QӃX NK{QJ QyL Oj RiQ {QJ +ӗ UӗL Yұ\ 1KLӅX OҫQ {QJ

526 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿm GQJ FkX ³%iF QyL WKu WK{L´ ÿӇ FKR WKҩ\ {QJ SKөF {QJ +ӗ KD\ tW UD
FNJQJ QӇ {QJ +ӗ .K{QJ Fy ê WUDQK OXұQ OjP FKL ÐQJ FNJQJ WUҧ OӡL ³Gҥ
WKѭD EiF QyL WKu WK{L´ NKL {QJ +ӗ KӓL {QJ JLҧL ÿiS YӅ GkQ FKӫ WұS WUXQJ
³QKѭ Yұ\ Fy ÿXӧF NK{QJ"´ ÐQJ ÿm WKXұW OҥL OӡL {QJ +ӗ JLҧL WKtFK QKѭ
VDX ³1Kѭ FiF F{ FiF FK~ Fy ÿӗ ÿҥF WjL VҧQ Ju ÿy WKu FiF FK~ FiF F{ Oj
FKӫ ÿy Oj GkQ FKӫ &iF FK~ FiF F{ NK{QJ ELӃW JLӳ W{L JLӳ JLP FKR
7{L WұS WUXQJ Eӓ YjR UѭѫQJ 7{L NKyD OҥL Yj Eӓ FKuD NKyD YjR W~L W{L ÿk\
Ĉy Oj WұS WUXQJ ´ *LҧL WKtFK GkQ FKӫ WұS WUXQJ QKѭ WKӃ Pj ³'ҥ WKѭD EiF
QyL WKu WK{L´ WKu ÿ~QJ Oj ³WKu WK{L´ 'ҫX VDR WKu NKL NӇ OҥL QKӳQJ PҭX
FKX\ӋQ Pj %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ Yj 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP QyL YӅ ÿҥL KӝL WUXQJ
ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ ÿӇ FKXҭQ Eӏ ÿѭD UD QJKӏ TX\ӃW YjR FXӕL QăP {QJ ÿm
PXӕQ EjR FKӳD FKR {QJ +ӗ FRL QKѭ {QJ Qj\ Eӏ ÿjQ HP NKӕQJ FKӃ Pj
SKҧL TX\ӃW ÿiQK PLӅQ 1DP FKӭ WURQJ WKkP WkP {QJ WD YүQ PXӕQ WKHR
ÿѭӡQJ OӕL VӕQJ FKXQJ KzD EuQK FӫD .KU~W VӕS YjR WKӡL JLDQ ҩ\ (6)

7{L GiP FKҳF ÿӝF JLҧ PLӅQ 1DP ± QKҩW Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKXӝF OӟS
³FӵX NKiQJ FKLӃQ´ ± NKL ÿӑF FXӕQ ViFK Qj\ VӁ UҩW WKtFK 9u Qy ÿm ÿѭӧF
YLӃW EҵQJ PӝW JLӑQJ YăQ ÿһF PLӅQ 1DP Pj OҥL Oj JLӑQJ YăQ QyL UҩW GӉ
ÿL YjR OzQJ QJѭӡL 1ӝL GXQJ FӫD Qy WKu QKѭ ÿm WUuQK Ej\ ӣ WUrQ ÿ~QJ
QKѭ QKұQ [pW FӫD ³QKyP F{QJ WiF YLrQ´ ÿm EiR FiR JӗP QKӳQJ ÿLӇP
UҩW ³ÿӝF KҥL´ FKR ÿҧQJ ÐQJ ÿm NӇ UD NK{QJ ELӃW EDR Vӵ YLӋF FKӭQJ Wӓ
ÿҧQJ NK{QJ ViQJ VXӕW ÿӝF WjL EѭQJ EtW Pӡ iP ÐQJ ÿm OrQ iQ QһQJ QӅ
ÿҧQJ ÿm WjQ ViW QKLӅX QJѭӡL JLDP JLӳ EҩW KӧS SKiS QKLӅX ÿҧQJ YLrQ Fy
SKҭP FKҩW WӕW GiP QyL OrQ QKӳQJ VDL OҫP FӫD ÿҧQJ

ÐQJ FNJQJ ÿm GjQK JҫQ PӝW WUăP WUDQJ ViFK ÿӇ JKL OҥL QJX\rQ YăQ
QKӳQJ OӡL SKr EuQK OrQ iQ ÿҧQJ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ
+ӗ +LӃX Ĉӛ 7UXQJ +LӃX Yj Yӧ Oj EiF Vƭ Ĉӛ 7Kӏ 9ăQ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK
7ѭӡQJ &KkQ 7tQ +ӳX /RDQ 3KҥP 7Kӏ 7Ӆ

Ӣ SKҫQ NӃW OXұQ {QJ ÿm YLӃW ³.ӃW 7K~F &iL Pj QyL UҵQJ YLӃW FKR
TXӕF KӝL Oj ÿk\ 9LӃW WKѭ OjP ÿѫQ [LQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt ´ WUDQJ

&kX WUrQ QKҳF QJѭӡL ÿӑF QKӟ OҥL Fy FKӛ {QJ ÿm SKr EuQK Ej 3KҥP
7Kӏ 7Ӆ YӅ YLӋF OjP ÿѫQ NKLӃX QҥL FKR FKӗQJ FRQ Yj {QJ FzQ QyL ÿiQJ OӁ
Ej 7Ӆ SKҧL ÿӅ ³EҧQ FiR WUҥQJ FKӃ ÿӝ´ PӟL ÿ~QJ 7Ku ÿk\ WҥL VDR {QJ OҥL
FNJQJ YLӃW ³OjP ÿѫQ [LQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt´" 7KӵF Vӵ FXӕQ ViFK Qj\ NK{QJ
SKҧL Oj ÿѫQ Wӯ [LQ [ӓ Ju Fҧ 1y ÿ~QJ Oj PӝW EҧQ FiR WUҥQJ FKӃ ÿӝ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP KLӋQ QD\ FӫD FKtQK PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ QJѭzL ÿm ³Fy F{QJ´
WURQJ YLӋF OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ YjR WKiQJ QăP
&XӕQ ViFK FӫD {QJ ÿiQJ Oê SKҧL Fy SKҫQ NLӇP ÿLӇP QKӳQJ VDL OҫP FӫD

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 527

FKtQK {QJ WURQJ NKL P TXiQJ WKHR &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Pj WjQ ViW QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
FKӕQJ &ӝQJ NKL {QJ FzQ Fy TX\ӅQ Fy WKӃ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP WUѭӟF NKL Eӏ ÿLӅX
UD PLӅQ %ҳF

'ҫX VDR WKu FXӕQ ViFK FӫD {QJ ÿ~QJ Oj PӝW ÿzQ FKt Wӱ ÿiQK YjR Vӵ
OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ÿҧQJ Yj JLiQ WLӃS YjR FQ[K FӫD 0iF 9u Yұ\ Pj QKyP
F{QJ WiF ÿһF ELӋW VDX NKL ÿӑF Nӻ Yj SKkQ WtFK FһQ NӁ WiF SKҭP ÿm WUuQK
OrQ FKR ĈjR 'X\ 7QJ QKұQ [pW VDX ÿk\

³Ĉk\ Oj PӝW FXӕQ ViFK ÿҧ NtFK FD\ ÿӝF ĈҧQJ WD Yj WiF ÿӝQJ PҥQK
PӁ WkP Oê Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD QJѭӡL ÿӑF PӝW FXӕQ ViFK SKҧQ ÿӝQJ QKҩW WURQJ
QKӳQJ FXӕQ ViFK SKҧQ ÿӝQJ %ӣL Yu Qy ÿm ErX [ҩX FKӱL EӟL Yj OrQ iQ
ĈҧQJ WD PӝW FiFK WRjQ GLӋQ Yj Fy KӋ WKӕQJ ´

&y PӝW ÿLӅX NKi WK~ Yӏ Oj PӝW QJѭӡL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WKHR WKX\ӃW 0iF [tW
GX\ YұW NǤ FӵX QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ OҥL WUѭQJ GүQ (PPDQXHO .DQW Oj
QKj GX\ WkP KӑF Wә Eӕ +ѫQ QӳD OҥL QyL ÿӃQ ³QKkQ Yӏ´ Oj ÿLӅX WӕL Nӷ ÿӕL
YӟL FiF QKj OmQK ÿҥR PLӅQ %ҳF 1JѭӡL WD FzQ QKӟ 7ӕ +ӳX Yj 7UѭӡQJ
&KLQK ÿm OrQ iQ QKyP 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP QăP UҵQJ ³7Kҩ\ Nҿ
WK QyL 1KkQ 9ӏ EӑQ FK~QJ FNJQJ QyL 1KkQ 9ăQ ´

Chú thích

³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ 9ăQ 1JKӋ
&DOL WiL EҧQ OҫQ WKӭ QKҩW WUDQJ

(1) O~F ҩ\ Oj OkP WKӡL JӑL Oj SKy Et WKѭ [ӭ ӫ\ 1DP .Ǥ GѭӟL Et WKѭ
%L &{QJ 7UӯQJ

(2) 7URQJ FXӕQ Pj QKj [XҩW EҧQ 9ăQ 1JKӋ &DOLIRUQLD WiL EҧQ OҫQ
WKӭ QKҩW QăP WKu Vӕ WUDQJ Oj 7URQJ VRҥQ SKҭP Qj\ FK~QJ W{L
JKL WKHR Vӕ WUDQJ FӫD QKj ; % 9ăQ 1JKӋ

(3) 6WDWX TXR JLӳ QJX\rQ WUҥQJ /DWLQK
(4) 7LӃQJ 3KiS Fy QJKƭD Oj ³ORҥL´ ORjL KD\ JLӕQJ

(5) (PPDQXHO .DQW WULӃW JLD GX\ WkP QJѭӡL ĈӭF WiF
JLҧ FXӕQ ³&ULWLTXH GH OD UDLVRQ SXUH´ Yj ³&ULWLTXH GH OD UDLVRQ SUDWLTXH´
7ҥP GӏFK 3Kr EuQK YӅ WKXҫQ Oê Yj SKr EuQK YӅ WKӵF Oê

(6) 9LӃW ÿӃQ ÿk\ FK~QJ W{L WҥP QJѭQJ FҫP Wӡ WXҫQ VDQ 6DLJRQ 1Kӓ
OrQ [HP WKu JһS ĈjR 1ѭѫQJ WURQJ PөF 3KLӃP 'ӏ %j FKuD FKR [HP
EӭF WKѭ FӫD {QJ Ĉӛ %ӗQJ &KkX QjR ÿy ӣ 9LUJLQLD OrQ iQ FiF ÿҧQJ YLrQ
&ӝQJ 6ҧQ ³SKҧQ WӍQK Yu WKҩW VӫQJ´ WURQJ ÿy Fy %L 7tQ Yj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7UҩQ %ӭF WKѭ Fy ÿRҥQ ³ 5LrQJ YӅ WrQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WiF JLҧ FӫD
WұS ViFK ÿѭӧF PӝW Vӕ EiR ӣ KҧL QJRҥL FD WөQJ ³9LӃW FKR Pҽ Yj TXӕF

528 LONG ĐIỀN

KӝL´ WKu ÿӗQJ EjR WURQJ 1DP FzQ DL [D Oҥ Ju WӝL iF FӫD WrQ Qj\ +ҳQ JLӃW
KjQJ QJjQ QJѭӡL Y{ WӝL Eӏ KҳQ NӃW iQ Oj 9LӋW JLDQ ÿӃQ QӛL KҳQ ÿѭӧF ÿӗQJ
EjR ÿһW FKR KӛQ GDQK Oj ³KXQJ WKҫQ &Kӧ ĈӋP´

&K~QJ W{L JKL OҥL ÿLӅX Qj\ ÿӇ SKҧQ iQK PӝW FiL QKuQ Wӯ SKtD ÿӝF JLҧ
KҫX UӝQJ ÿѭӡQJ SKiQ [pW

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_
Tr%E1%BA%A5n#cite_ref-9

%iFK NKRD WRjQ WKѭ Pӣ :LNLSHGLD
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FzQ JӑL %ҧ\ 7UҩQ Oj PӝW QKj EiR QKj KӑDW
ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ FKӕQJ 3KiS &KtQK Ӫ\ %ӝ 7ѭ /ӋQK .KX JLҧQJ YLrQ
WUѭӡQJ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ VLQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL &Kӧ çӋP
KX\ӋQ %uQK &KiQK WӍQK /RQJ $Q QD\ WKXӝF 7KjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
WURQJ PӝW JLD ÿuQK ÿӏD FKӫ NKi JLҧ

1ăP {QJ OrQ 6jL *zQ KӑF WUѭӡQJ 3pWUXV .ê 1ăP {QJ
ÿұX 7~ WjL SKҫQ QKҩW &KӏX QKLӅX ҧQK KѭӣQJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD 3KDQ &KX
7ULQK Yj 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK {QJ Eӓ KӑF Yj EҳW ÿҫX KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ
FKӕQJ 3KiS VDX {QJ ÿy JLD QKұS ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP

1ăP {QJ ViQJ OұS Wӡ Le Peuple (Dân chúng).

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ OmQK ÿҥR FXӝF ÿҧR FKtQK FѭӟS
FKtQK TX\ӅQ ӣ 6jL *zQ 'R Fy QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ TX\ӃW OLӋW YӟL FiF SKҫQ
Wӱ ÿӕL NKiQJ {QJ Eӏ JӑL Oj KXQJ WKҫQ &Kӧ ĈӋP[1] &y JLҧ WKX\ӃW FKR
UҵQJ 1JX\ӉQ YăQ 7UҩQ Oj PӝW WURQJ ED QJѭӡL ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ YLӋF JLӃW 7ҥ
Thu Thâu95 KDL QJѭӡL NLD Oj .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ [2] Yj 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7k\ [3].

7URQJ WKӡL NǤ FKtQ QăP NKiQJ FKLӃQ {QJ OjP WӟL FKӭF &KtQK Ӫ\
%ӝ 7ѭ /ӋQK .KX

6DX QăP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WұS NӃW UD %ҳF Yj WUӣ WKjQK JLҧQJ
YLrQ WUѭӡQJ 1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF UӗL 9ө 3Ky %DQ 7X\rQ KXҩQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF EҫX OjP ӫ\ YLrQ Ӫ\ EDQ 7KӕQJ QKҩW WURQJ NǤ
KӑS WKӭ QKҩW 4XӕF KӝL NKyD QJj\ WKiQJ QăP [4]

6DX NKL YӅ KѭX 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FӝQJ WiF YӟL QKLӅX Wӡ EiR WҥL 9LӋW
1DP QKѭ Wӡ 7X͝L 7U̓ F˱ͥL YӟL E~W KLӋX +DL & 1qR Yj YLӃW QKLӅX ViFK
NKҧR FӭX Wӵ WKXұW

7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP FXӕL ÿӡL {QJ Wӓ Yҿ H QJҥL YӅ YDL WUz FӫD ĈҧQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 529

&ӝQJ VҧQ ÐQJ WӯQJ WKDP JLD &kX OҥF Eӝ 1KӳQJ 1JѭӡL .KiQJ
FKLӃQ FNJ Yj Nt YjR EҧQ NLӃQ QJKӏ QJѭӡL QăP NrX JӑL WKD\
ÿәL FiFK WKӭF EҫX Fӱ 7KHR Wӡ Asia Times Online {QJ ÿm FKR UҵQJ
ĈҧQJ ÿDQJ [kP SKҥP TX\ӅQ KҥQ FӫD QKj QѭӟF Yj ÿm NrX JӑL WҥR OXұW OӋ
FKR ÿҧQJ SKҧL WKHR [5] 1ăP {QJ YLӃW WұS ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF
+ӝL´ Yj [XҩW EҧQ YӟL Wѭ FiFK Fi QKkQ WҥL WKjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK WURQJ
ÿy {QJ QKҩQ PҥQK TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt Oj QKkQ TX\ӅQ Fѫ Vӣ QKҩW [6] Tác
SKҭP Qj\ Eӏ QKj FҫP TX\ӅQ FҩP OѭX KjQK PӝW WXҫQ VDX NKL [XҩW EҧQ[7].

1ăP {QJ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKj YăQ ÿѭӧF 7ә FKӭF 7KHR G}L
QKkQ TX\ӅQ +XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK WUDR JLҧL +HOOPDQ +DPPHWW GjQK
FKR FiF QKj YăQ Eӏ ÿjQ iS FKtQK WUӏ [8]

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ TXD ÿӡL WҥL 6jL *zQ KѭӣQJ WKӑ
WXәL

&iF WiF SKҭP FKtQK

Chúng Tôi Làm Báo (1977)
&Kӧ çӋP 4Xr 7{L [9]

&KX\ӋQ 7URQJ 9ѭӡQ /ê

/RJLFK 9XL 1Kj [XҩW EҧQ 6ӵ 7KұW
7UѭѫQJ 9ƭQK .ê &RQ 1JѭӡL Yj 6ӵ 7KұW [10]
9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL[6]

Chú thích

A %ҧQJ 7ѭӡQJ 7UuQK 9Ӆ %XәL 1yL &KX\ӋQ 9Ӆ 1KkQ 4X\ӅQ 9j 7ӵ
'R 7{Q *LiR &KR 9LӋW 1DP &ӫD +zD 7KѭӧQJ 7KtFK *LiF /ѭӧQJ

^ Theo 1J˱ͥL %uQK ;X\rQ và 1*8<͌1 %Î1+ +X\͉Q 7KR̩L Yj
6͹ 7K̵W FӫD 1JX\rQ +QJ .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ Oj F{QJ QKkQ TXr PLӅQ
7UXQJ WUѭӟF QăP Y{ 6jL *zQ VLQK VӕQJ ÿӫ QJKӅ Wӯ SKX ÿӗQ ÿLӅQ
NKXkQ YiF WKӧ KӟW WyF %ҧQ FKҩW .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ JLӕQJ QKѭ WrQ KiR
WKҳQJ .K{QJ U} QJX\rQ QKkQ Ju Pj .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ Eӏ 7k\ EҳW ÿj\ UD
NKiP 9NJQJ 7jX Fy WjL OLӋX QyL Oj ăQ FѭӟS 1Kӡ 1ăP %p Oj PӝW WD\
DQK FKӏ ;yP &KLӃX JL~S ÿӥ .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ YѭӧW QJөF YӅ /iL 7KLrX
.KL &iFK 0ҥQJ 7KiQJ 7iP Qә UD .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ Wӵ [ѭQJ Oj FKӍ KX\
WUѭӣQJ 7UXQJ ĈRjQ NKiQJ FKLӃQ PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ ÿyQJ TXkQ ӣ %ѭQJ &ҫX WjL
OLӋX NKiF QyL 7KҳQJ Wӵ [ѭQJ Wѭ OӋQK PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ $L .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ
FNJQJ FKR Oj 9LӋW JLDQ QKj Pi\ QjR FNJQJ [XQJ F{QJ $L FKӕQJ OҥL WKu
JLӃW 'DQK ViFK QҥQ QKkQ FӫD .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ GjL VӑF WURQJ ÿy Fy QKj
FiFK PҥQJ 3KDQ 9ăQ +P &iF KjQK ÿӝQJ TXkQ SKLӋW FӫD .LӅX ĈҳF

530 LONG ĐIỀN

Cӝng sҧn. Ông tӯng tham gia Câu lҥc bӝ Nhӳng Ngѭӡi Kháng
chiӃn cNJ và kí vào bҧn kiӃn nghӏ 100 ngѭӡi năm 1988 kêu gӑi thay
ÿәi cách thӭc bҫu cӱ. Theo tӡ Asia Times Online, ông ÿã cho rҵng
Ĉҧng ÿang xâm phҥm quyӅn hҥn cӫa nhà nѭӟc và ÿã kêu gӑi tҥo luұt lӋ
cho ÿҧng phҧi theo.[5] Năm 1995, ông viӃt tұp “ViӃt Cho Mҽ Và Quӕc
Hӝi” và xuҩt bҧn vӟi tѭ cách cá nhân tҥi thành phӕ Hӗ Chí Minh trong
ÿó ông nhҩn mҥnh quyӅn tӵ do báo chí là nhân quyӅn cѫ sӣ nhҩt.[6] Tác
phҭm này bӏ nhà cҫm quyӅn cҩm lѭu hành mӝt tuҫn sau khi xuҩt bҧn[7].

Năm 1997, ông là mӝt trong 45 nhà văn ÿѭӧc Tә chӭc Theo dõi
nhân quyӅn (Human Rights Watch) trao giҧi Hellman/Hammett dành
cho các nhà văn bӏ ÿàn áp chính trӏ.[8]

Ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 1998, ông qua ÿӡi tҥi Sài Gòn, hѭӣng thӑ 85
tuәi.

Các tác phҭm chính

Chúng Tôi Làm Báo (1977)
Chӧ ÐӋm Quê Tôi (1985)[9]

ChuyӋn Trong Vѭӡn Lý (1988)
Logich Vui (Nhà xuҩt bҧn Sӵ Thұt 1992)
Trѭѫng Vƭnh Ký, Con Ngѭӡi và Sӵ Thұt (1994)[10]
ViӃt Cho Mҽ Và Quӕc Hӝi[6]

Chú thích

^ Bҧng Tѭӡng Trình VӅ Buәi Nói ChuyӋn VӅ Nhân QuyӅn Và Tӵ
Do Tôn Giáo Cho ViӋt Nam Cӫa Hòa Thѭӧng Thích Giác Lѭӧng:

^ Theo Ng˱ͥi Bình Xuyên và NGUY͌N BÌNH, Huy͉n Tho̩i và
S͹ Th̵t cӫa Nguyên Hùng : KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng là công nhân quê miӅn
Trung, trѭӟc năm 1945 vô Sài Gòn sinh sӕng ÿӫ nghӅ tӯ phu ÿӗn ÿiӅn,
khuân vác, thӧ hӟt tóc. Bҧn chҩt KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng giӕng nhѭ tên : háo
thҳng. Không rõ nguyên nhân gì mà KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng bӏ Tây bҳt ÿày ra
khám VNJng Tàu (có tài liӋu nói là ăn cѭӟp). Nhӡ Năm Bé là mӝt tay
anh chӏ Xóm ChiӃu giúp ÿӥ, KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng vѭӧt ngөc vӅ Lái Thiêu.
Khi Cách Mҥng Tháng Tám nә ra, KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng tӵ xѭng là chӍ huy
trѭӣng Trung Ĉoàn kháng chiӃn miӅn Ĉông ÿóng quân ӣ Bѭng Cҫu (tài
liӋu khác nói Thҳng tӵ xѭng tѭ lӋnh miӅn Ĉông). Ai KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng
cNJng cho là ViӋt gian, nhà máy nào cNJng xung công. Ai chӕng lҥi thì
giӃt. Danh sách nҥn nhân cӫa KiӅu Ĉҳc Thҳng dài sӑc, trong ÿó có nhà
cách mҥng Phan Văn Hùm. Các hành ÿӝng quân phiӋt cӫa KiӅu Ĉҳc

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 531

Vӱ VӕQJ ÿӝQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP GѭӟL iFK FӝQJ VҧQ PLӅQ EҳF

1KұQ WKҩ\ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ SKҧQ EӝL GkQ WӝF {QJ Yj 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ U~W
UD NKӓL ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ %ӏ F{QJ DQ ÿӃQ QKj NKӫQJ Eӕ Yj Kҥ QKөF {QJ
XҩW Pj FKӃW 7iF SKҭP ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ Yj 4XӕF +ӝL´ Eӏ FҩP ӣ WURQJ
QѭӟF VDX ÿѭӧF FKX\ӅQ UD KҧL QJRҥL 9ăQ SKRQJ FӫD {QJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD
{QJ PDQJ QһQJ FKҩW 1DP NǤ FѭѫQJ WUӵF UҩW Fy JLi WUӏ KLӋQ WKӵF OӏFK Vӱ

7iF SKҭP Qj\ QKҩQ PҥQK FiF ÿLӇP
&ҧL &iFK 5XӝQJ ĈҩW
1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP

/r ĈӭF 7Kӑ OҩQ iS {QJ +ӗ
&KtQK ViFK EҫQ FQJ KyD PLӅQ 1DP
9ө FKLD FKiF Q~L UӯQJ 9LӋW 1DP

&ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW

Ĉk\ Oj PӝW YҩQ ÿӅ TXDQ WUӑQJ NKLӃQ FKR QKLӅX WjL OLӋX ÿӅ FұS ÿӃQ
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FKR ELӃW FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj PӝW Vӵ VDR FKpS FKtQK
ViFK FӫD 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ 0ӝW [m Fy FKӯQJ Qj\ EҫQ Fӕ WKu WKHR NLQK
QJKLӋP 7UXQJ 4XӕF QKҩW ÿӏQK SKҧL Fy EҵQJ Qj\ ÿӏD FKӫ 7KHR
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ &KkX FiQ Eӝ NKX ÿm ÿL KӑF %ҳF .LQK
YӅ QyL DQK ĈҩX Wӕ QKѭ Yұ\ UӕW FXӝF ÿѭӧF FiL Ju ĈѭӧF FiL QiW WDQ WuQK
QJKƭD OjQJ [yP %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ
ÿҩW QKѭ VDX

³&ҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW ÿHP OҥL FKR QJѭӡL Q{QJ GkQ %ҳF Eӝ PӝW NKRҧQK
ÿҩW FRQ FKy QҵP FzQ Oy ÿX{L UD QJRjL´

1yL WyP OҥL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FKR WD WKҩ\ FҧL FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW Oj PӝW
WDL KӑD PӝW Vӵ SKӍQK SKӡ Q{QJ GkQ NK{QJ ÿѭӧF tFK OӧL Ju YӅ YұW FKҩW
Yj WLQK WKҫQ PX{Q ÿӡL Kӑ YүQ SKҧL VӕQJ QJKqR NKә FӫD ÿӡL Q{ OӋ

1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP

7UѭӟF WLrQ {QJ OXұQ YӅ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL YăQ KӑF QJKӋ WKXұW PLӅQ EҳF
1KӳQJ QKұQ [pW FӫD {QJ VҳF EpQ FKѭD WӯQJ WKҩ\ ÐQJ FKR UҵQJ PLӅQ
EҳF WKHR ÿѭӡQJ OӕL µKLӋQ WKӵF [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD¶ Oj PӝW WKӭ YăQ KӑF GӕL
WUi EҳW YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ SKҧL W{ KӗQJ FKXӕW OөF FKR FKӃ ÿӝ DL FDQ ÿҧP QyL
OrQ Vӵ WKұW WKu Eӏ NKӫQJ Eӕ WUӯQJ SKҥW ÐQJ YLӃW

³+LӋQ WKӵF [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD WӭF Oj FRQ ÿѭӡQJ ÿL OrQ WURQJ YăQ KӑF
QJKӋ WKXұW 1JKƭD Oj YăQ QJKӋ FKӍ ÿѭӧF QyL OrQ [m KӝL WKLrQ ÿjQJ Y{

532 LONG ĐIỀN

FQJ ÿҽS FKѭD Fy FKѭD Eӏ FѭӟS iS EӭF EyF OӝW ÿDQJ GLӉQ UD WUѭӟF
PҳW 5ҩW KLӃP QKӳQJ Et WKѭ FKӫ QKLӋP WKӫ NKR FӱD KjQJ WӕW SKҧL QyL
KҫX KӃW Oj ăQ FҳS WKL QKDQK ăQ FҳS QKѭQJ YăQ KӑF NK{QJ ÿѭӧF QyL WKұW
Pj SKҧL GӵQJ OrQ WRjQ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Oê WѭӣQJ´

7LӃS WKHR {QJ WUuQK Ej\ YLӋF FӝQJ VҧQ ÿjQ iS 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP
Yj WuQK KuQK YăQ QJKӋ WҥL PLӅQ EҳF 7URQJ QKӳQJ YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ Yj FKtQK
WUӏ JLD [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD NӇ QKӳQJ Nҿ ÿm UD QJRҥL TXӕF FKѭD DL OrQ WLӃQJ
ErQK YӵF 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP PҥQK PӁ Yj FKt WuQK QKѭ {QJ ÐQJ
FKR UҵQJ WuQK KuQK WKӃ JLӟL ÿm ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ 9LӋW 1DP QKҩW Oj QKӳQJ
ELӃQ Fӕ TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ WKӃ JLӟL FӝQJ VҧQ O~F Qj\ QKѭ Oj .KUXWVRZ Wӕ
FiR 6WDOLQH 0DR ÿѭD UD FKLӃQ GӏFK EiFK JLD WUDQK PLQK FKR QrQ 9LӋW
1DP ÿm QәL Gұ\ FKӕQJ QKLӅX WKӭ WURQJ ÿy Fy FKӕQJ VQJ EiL Fi QKkQ
FKӕQJ EҩW F{QJ FKӕQJ WKDP QKNJQJ Yj FKӕQJ ÿjQ iS NuP NҽS /XұW JLD
1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ Wӕ JLiF FӝQJ VҧQ ÿӝF WjL

³7ӯ WUѭӟF ÿӃQ QD\ WD Fy WKӇ Yt ÿҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ QKѭ PW Fk\ UҩW WR
Oi UѭӡP Uj FKH KӃW iQK ViQJ FӫD PһW WUӡL NKLӃQ QJD\ PӝW QJӑQ Fӓ FNJQJ
NK{QJ WKӇ PӑF GѭӟL FKkQ Qy ÿѭӧF´

7UrQ EiR 1KkQ 9ăQ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ ÿm NrX JӑL ÿҧQJ Yj QKj
QXӟF SKҧL FK~ WUӑQJ ÿӃQ YҩQ ÿӅ SKiS WUӏ Yj {QJ SKr SKiQ WzD iQ FӝQJ
VҧQ EҵQJ QKӳQJ OӡL WKҷQJ WKҳQ

³7zD iQ Oj PӝW WzD iQ WKD Kӗ W\ WLӋQ FzQ KѫQ W{Q JLiR SKiS ÿuQK FӫD
JLiR KӝL 7UXQJ Fә 0XӕQ EҳW DL WKu EҳW PXӕQ [ӱ DL WKu [ӱ EӏD UD OXұW
QһQJ QKҽ WKD Kӗ ÿӇ [ӱ´

3KRQJ WUjR 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP UD ÿӡL QKѭQJ PmL ÿӃQ
0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ PӟL SKiW ÿӝQJ µ EiFK KRD WӅ SKRQJ EiFK JLD WUDQK
PLQK¶ 7X\ UD VDX QKѭQJ Qy Fy WiF GөQJ WUӣ OҥL ÿӕL YӟL 9LӋW 1DP Yj 9LӋW
1DP EҳW FKѭӟF 7UXQJ 4XӕF WULӋW Kҥ 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP QăP
ÐQJ KyP KӍQK WKXұW OҥL FkX FKX\ӋQ 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK WLӃS [~F EiR FKt 0ӝW
QKj EiR KӓL 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK

1Kѭ Yұ\ Oj FiFK PҥQJ ÿm FҩP Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ"

ÐQJ 7UѭӡQJ &KLQK VӱQJ VӕW

$QK QyL VDR" &iF DQK ÿѭӧF WKD Kӗ Wӵ GR FKӱL ÿӃ TXӕF ÿy WK{L
(275)

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm YLӃW YӅ FiF QKkQ YұW WURQJ 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL
3KҭP NKi ÿҫ\ ÿӫ ÐQJ YLӃW YӅ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ QKѭ VDX

³ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ OLQK KӗQ FӫD KӝL 7UX\ӅQ %i 4XӕF 1Jӳ FQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 533

YӟL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7ӕ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKR 0һW WUұQ 9ăQ +yD &ӭX 4XӕF
1JX\ӉQ +X\ 7ѭӣQJ 1JX\ӉQ ĈuQK 7KL ÿӅX GR ĈDQJ Wә FKӭF ĈDQJ Oj
WUѭӣQJ EDQ Wә FKӭF OӉ WX\rQ QJ{Q ÿӝF OұS Eӝ WUѭӣQJ 7KDQK QLrQ NKL U~W
NKӓL +j 1ӝL 9jR 7KDQK +yD 7әQJ 7KDQK 7UD %uQK 'kQ +ӑF Yө
PӡL QKұQ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ VLQK KRҥW ÿҧQJ QKѭQJ Wӯ FKӕL ĈDQJ QyL 1ӝL Eӝ
WKLӃX GkQ FKӫ WUҫP WUӑQJ PuQK Ek\ JLӡ FKӍ PӝW PuQK PӝW ÿҧQJ ³

³1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ NKѭӟF Wӯ YLQK KRD SK~ TXê GR FӝQJ VҧQ FKLrX
Gө {QJ VӕQJ EҵQJ EjQ WD\ ODR ÿӝQJ FӫD {QJ QKѭ Oj WUuQK Ej\ EuD FKR Wӡ
9ăQ 1JKӋ UӗL UD OjP Wӡ 1KkQ 9ăQ .ӃW WK~F 1KkQ 9ăQ {QJ Eӏ WX\rQ iQ
QăP W QKѭQJ ÿѭӧF Eҧ\ QăP WKu KӝL 4XӕF 7Ӄ 1KkQ 4X\ӅQ FDQ WKLӋS
QrQ {QJ ÿѭӧF WKҧ UD 3KQJ &XQJ Eӏ JLDP Eҧ\ QăP Yu EjL &RQ QJӵD JLj
&K~D 7UӏQK 9NJ 'X\ /kQ FKR +ӳX ĈDQJ FKLӃF iR OHQ FNJQJ Eӏ W Eҧ\
QăP 7UҫQ 'ҫQ Eӏ W +ӳX ĈDQJ ÿL OѭӧP EDR WKXӕF Oi ÿӇ ÿәL Oҩ\ FyF
QKiL FӫD ÿiP FRQ QtW +ӳX /RDQ ÿL WKLӃQ KHR 7UkQ ĈӭF 7KҧR 1JX\ӉQ
0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ VӕQJ FXӝF VӕQJ Eӏ EҥF ÿmL Eӏ WX\ӋW WK{QJ´

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FD QJӧL 7UҫQ 'ҫQ Yj 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ EҵQJ
QKӳQJ OӡL FKkQ WKjQK

³7UҫQ 'ҫQ FKӍ Oj KұX WKkQ FӫD FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL ÿm YLӃW 9ҥQ 1J{Q
WKѭ 7KҩW 7UҧP WKѭ FNJQJ QKѭ YҩQ ÿӅ SKiS WUӏ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX
ĈDQJ 9ҩQ ÿӅ YăQ KӑF Pj 7UҫQ 'ҫQ ÿzL [pW OҥL FiFK ÿk\ KѫQ QăP
KLӋQ JLӡ YүQ ÿDQJ UҩW Oj WKӡL Vӵ &iL WDL KӑD OӟQ QKҩW KLӋQ JLӡ YүQ Oj
NKX\ӃQ NKtFK W{ KӗQJ ÿӅ FDR FRQ QJѭӡL JLҧ YLӋF JLҧ KjQJ JLҧ 1KӳQJ
QJѭӡL WKҩ\ WUѭӟF WDL KӑD PXӕQ QJăQ FKұQ WӋ QҥQ W{ KӗQJ WKu Eӏ JiQ QJD\
FKR FiL WӝL E{L ÿHQ ĈiQJ OӁ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ Yj
7UҫQ 'ҫQ SKҧL ÿѭӧF PӝW JLҧL WKѭӣQJ TXӕF JLD PӝW FiL JLҧL YLQK TXDQJ
Oj ÿm ÿѭD UD ÿѭӧF JLҧL SKiS FӭX QJX\ FKR GkQ WF 1KѭQJ WUiL OҥL Kӑ Eӏ
YX RDQ JLi KӑD ÿһW OrQ ÿҫX Kӑ FiL iQ JӑL Oj iQ 1KkQ 9ăQ ³

%jQ YӅ Vӵ UD ÿӡL FӫD 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ
QyL UҵQJ Kӑ NK{QJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL FKtQK SKӫ Kӑ WKHR OӡL NrX JӑL FӫD ÿҧQJ
µQyW WKұW QyL WKҷQJ QyL KӃW¶ ÐQJ FKR UҵQJ FKtQK ÿҧQJ ÿm NKX\ӃQ
NKtFK FiF YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ SKr EuQK [k\ GӵQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /LQK VDX Qj\
FNJQJ EҳW FKѭӟF +ӗ &Kt 0LQK NrX JӑL µQyL WKҷQJ QyL WKұW QyL KӃW¶
ÐQJ GүQ OӡL +ӳX /RDQ

³.KҭX KLӋX QyL WKҷQJ QyL WKұW QyL KӃW µÿӇ [k\ GӵQJ ÿҧQJ NK{QJ
QKӳQJ QyL PӗP Pj FzQ YLӃW OrQ FiF EiR .K{QJ QKӳQJ YLӃW OrQ FiF EiR
QKj QXӟF Pj FzQ NKX\ӃQ NKtFK Pӣ EiR Wѭ QKkQ ÿӇ YLӃW 9u Yұ\ PӟL Fy
1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP FӫD FK~QJ W{L Yj 7UăP +RD FӫD 1JX\ӉQ %tQK ³

534 LONG ĐIỀN

(273)
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW

³7KӵF UD 1KkQ 9ăQ KѭӣQJ ӭQJ OӡL ÿҧQJ JӑL µ QyL WKұW QyL WKҷQJ
QyL KӃW¶ ÿӇ [k\ GӵQJ ÿҧQJ Yj FKӍ ÿmX WUDQK FKR Wӵ GR EiR FKt Wӵ GR QJ{Q
OXұQ PRQJ WKӵF KLӋQ Wӵ GR EҫX Fӱ Yj TXӕF KӝL YjR FKtQK SKӫ FKӍ FҫQ
WKӵF KLӋQ WKұW Vӵ GkQ FKӫ QӝL GXQJ FNJQJ ÿm Oj Oê WѭӓQJ UӗL´

1Jj\ QD\ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP YүQ ÿjQ iS Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ WX\
UҵQJ Kӑ ÿm EӟW NKҳW NKH KѫQ WUѭӟF 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW YӅ WuQK KuQK
YăQ QJKӋ WKӡL 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP Yj QJj\ QD\ QKѭ VDX

³+LӋQ QD\ EiR 9ăQ 1JKӋ FNJQJ ÿDQJ OjP FiF YLӋF QKѭ 1KkQ 9ăQ
QJj\ [ѭD OjP FNJQJ GR ÿѭӧF NrX JӑL ÿѭӧF JLDR WUiFK QKLӋP 1JX\rQ
1JӑF PӟL GiP OjP Yj EiR 9ăQ 1JKӋ FNJQJ ÿDQJ Eӏ NKpS WӝL Oj PҳF
QKӳQJ OӋFK OҥF TXDQ WUӑQJ &y ÿLӅX NKiF Oj 1KkQ 9ăQ QJj\ [ѭD ÿѫQ
ÿӝF NKL Eӏ ÿiQK NK{QJ DL GiP ErQK Fӭ QJұPPLӋQJ F~L ÿҫX Pj PDQJ
iQ &zQ Ek\ JLӡ WKu KRjQ FҧQK WURQJ QѭӟF Yj QJRjL QѭӟF ÿm NKiF NK{QJ
WKӇ ÿyQJ FӱD PmL PmL WUrQ QKӳQJ VDL OҫP Y{ ÿӏQK .KL 1JX\rQ 1JӑF Eӏ
ÿiQK ÿm Fy EiR FKt NKҳS QѫL OrQ WLӃQJ QKӳQJ EҧQ NLӃQ QJKӏ ÿDQJ WLӃS
WөF JӫL YӅ ³

ĈҧQJ ÿm ÿjQ iS 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP Yj ÿm Jk\ UD ELӃW EDR WDL KӑD
FKR GkQ WӝF 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW

³0ӝW OiL [H FKkQ FKӃW QJѭӡL PXӕQ VӱD VDL NK{QJ ÿѭӧF DQK SKҧL
ÿL W SKҧL WѭӟF EҵQJ $QK EiF Vƭ FKӳD EӋQK OjP FKӃW QJѭӡL FNJQJ WKӃ
SKҧL WѭӟF EҵQJ Yj SKҧL ÿL W Ĉҩ\ Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡ, OjP FKӃW tW QJѭӡL
&zQ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FҫP YұQ PӋQK FӫD Fҧ QѭӟF ÿm OjP FKR ÿӗQJ EҥF PҩW
JLi KjQJ YҥQ OҫQ OjP FKR KҫX KӃW F{QJ WUѭӡQJ [t QJKLӋS SKi VҧQ FKR
FRQ FiL JLD ÿuQK WKjQK OѭX PDQK FKR WUҿ HP PҩW GLQK GѭӥQJ
FzQ JLӃW RDQ EDR QKLӇX QJѭӡL Fy WjL ÿӭF FzQ SKi SKiFK EDR QKLrX F{QJ
WUuQK YăQ KyD OӏFK Vӱ 1KӳQJ FRQ GXQ Eӏ ÿҥS JjR OrQ VDL UӗL 7Ku Kӑ UҩW
EuQK WƭQK WUҧ OӡL VDL WKu VӱD KRһF EҩW ÿҳF Gƭ SKҧL VӱD WKu NK{QJ ELӃW VӱD
FKkQ WKjQK +ӑ YүQ Q~S GѭӟL Oi Fӡ ÿҧQJ ÿӇ ÿL Wӯ VDL OҫP Wj\ WUӡL Qj\ ÿӃQ
VDL OҫP Wj\ WUӡL NKiF ³

/r ĈӭF 7Kӑ OҩQ iS {QJ +ӗ %L F{QJ 7UӯQJ WKXұW OҥL GLӉQ WLӃQ FӫD
ÿҥL KӝL FӫD EDQ FKҩS KjQK WUXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿҧQJ NKyD FXӕL WURQJ
ÿy {QJ +ӗ WKҩW WKӃ Eӏ Yk\ FiQK /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ NӅP WӓD

³&iL WKҵQJ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ WUѭӟF JLӡ KӑS Qy ÿL ÿL OҥL OҥL WURQJ SKzQJ
QKѭ WKӇ ÿӝL WUѭӣQJ PӝW Wә SKiR ÿL NLӇP WUD ÿӕF WK~F SKiR ELQK FKXҭQ Eӏ
1y NK{QJ K~W WKXӕF QKѭQJ K{P QD\ Qy FҫP ORQ WKXӕF ĈҥL WLӅQ P{Q ӣ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 535

WD\ Qj\ WD\ NLD FҫP EұW OӱD WKӭ QKѭ FKj\ JLm JҥR 1y ÿL OӵD PһW Pj FKuD
ORQ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK 7RjQ WD\ ăQ K~W WKXӕF Oi 7UXQJ TXӕF,QKѭ OkQ WKҩ\
SKiR 1y Pӣ KӝS Oҩ\ PӝW ÿLӃX QJұP UӗL FKuD PӗP UD 7KLQJ 7Kӑ ÿiQK
EұW OӱD PӝW FiL µEDQJ¶ ĈӭQJ [D WKҩ\ WKҵQJ 7RjQ,JұW ÿҫX 7Kӑ ÿL ÿӃQ
FKӛ WKҵQJ +X\ FH SHWLW WKҵQJ QKӓ Qj\ Eӧ KӝS WKXRF /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FNJQJ
GiQK EұW OӱD PӝW FiL µEDQJ¶ 7KҵQJ +X\ NKRiW PӗL OӱD FKѭD ÿӕW WKXӕF
Fy OӁ Qy ÿDQJ FzQ WuP OӡL YăQ µ PDR QKLӅX¶ Ӣ PӝW JyF SKzQJ WKҵQJ
+j +X\ *LiS ÿӭQJ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ WӟL QyL FiL Ju WKҵQJ *LiS QJKLrP VҳF
PһW JұW JұW ÿҫX ´

%D Yӏ ҩ\ ÿѭӧF /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ FRL Oj ED WD\ Fy Oê OXұQ Yj PӡL ELӇX OrQ
WLӃQJ 0j WUӡL ѫL Gѭӟ, WULӅX ÿҥL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK DL ÿѭӧF /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ ÿӇ ê
Fy FҧP WuQK Oj Pi WKҵQJ ÿy ÿҿ UD Qy ÿrP UҵP WKiQJ Eҧ\

³7DR QyL FKR Pj\ QJKH QKD %L &{QJ 7UӯQJ QyL WLӃS YӅ FKX\ӋQ
OmR +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ³7DR QJKH WKҵQJ 7Kӑ ÿDQJ kP PѭX OұW ÿә {QJ JLj Yj
Oҩ\ 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 7KDQK WKD\ ÐQJ OmR FKӍ FzQ OjP QJѭӡL FKX\rQ QJKLrQ
FӭX Oê OXұQ 0iF /r 1LQ &KX\ӋQ QѭӟF JLDR 1JX\ӉQ &Kt 7KDQK 9LӋF
ÿҧQJ VWDWXTXH /r 'XҭQ &iL WKҵQJ Wӵ QKLrQ OҥL PXӕQ OjP .KәQJ Wӱ Qj\
NKy OұW ÿә Qy OҳP 9u Qy Fy F{QJ WUҥQJ ӣ 1DP %ӝ Yj Pҩ\ Ej Pi {P
Qy FKXP FKӫP WURQJ OzQJ 0j\ FRL FRL Fy WӝL QJKLӋS NK{QJ ĈӗQJ FKt
+ӗ &Kt 0LQK PX{Q YjQ NtQK PӃQ FӫD FK~QJ WD EұQ ÿӗ OөD Jө FKӫ WUu
KӝL QJKӏ Pj TXD\ PһW UD VkQ &y Oӛ WDL Wӵ QKLrQ SKҧL KӭQJ Oҩ\ QKӳQJ
OӡL F{QJ NtFK PҥW ViW /LrQ ;{ .KL FKѭӟQJ WDL TXi TXD\ Y{ ÿѭD WD\ ÿӇ
QyL WKu WKҵQJ 7Kӑ OӉ SKpS EҳF OҥL
“ Bác hãy,GӇ FKR DQK HP QJѭӡL WD QyL ÿm Pj ¶ 7DR ÿӃP OmR +ӗ ÿѭD
WD\ Pҩ\ OҫQ ODQ QjR WKҵQJ 7Kӑ FNJQJ NӏS QJăQ &XӕL FQJ {QJ JLj
FNJQJ FKR KӝL QJKӏ QJKH {QJ QyL FD GDR EҵQJ WLӃQJ NKyF

.KL WKѭѫQJ WUiL ҩX FNJQJ WUzQ

.KL JKpW Eӗ KzQ FNJQJ PpR ´

9j {QJ QyL [өL Oѫ
³7Kҩ\ OӧL QJѭӡL WD FKR WrQ OӱD Y{ WKҩ\ EҩW OӧL QJѭӡL WD U~W UD &y FKL Pj ´
%L &{QJ 7UӯQJ QyL YӟL W{L QKѭ Yұ\ &zQ 8QJ 9ăQ .KLrP NӇ
7UѭӟF NKL YjR KӝL QJKӏ WDR Fy WUDQK WKӫ QyL ULrQJ YӟL {QJ Fө Oj WDR VӁ
NK{QJ ÿѭD UD FiL QKiS EҧQ WX\rQ Eӕ FKXQJ FӫD WDR Yj 1RYRWQ\ FKR {QJ
Fө \rQ WkP 9u WURQJ EҧQ WKҧR ҩ\ {QJ Fө Fy WKrP Pҩ\ FKӛ FzQ QJX\rQ
WӯQJ FKӳ FӫD 0U +R &KL 0LQK UjQK UjQK 7DR QJKƭ EҧQ WKҧR ҩ\ ÿѭD UD
NK{QJ SKkQ EXD Ju FKR WDR Pj FKӍ OjP WKӟW FKR 6iX 7Kӑ EăP {QJ Fө ´
9j Pj\ FRL WKҵQJ WKӫ WUѭӣQJ NKRD JLiR FӫD Pj\ 7ӕ +ӳX NKL WDR

536 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿӭng tҥi chӛ phát biӇu ý kiӃn, thҵng Huy ÿi ngang qua, nó phun nѭӟc
miӃng vào ÿoҥn tao nói chӫ trѭѫng hòa bình là trung thành vӟi Lê Nin.
Tao mӍm cѭӡi bөng nói: A! Thҵng nhӓ, mày dám ÿái ÿҫu ông Xá!’ Hӝi
nghӏ 9 này có thông qua cái nghӏ quyӃt 9 và mҩy anh nói là cNJng trên
10 ӫy viên trung ѭѫng không bӓ thăm.
Anh Khiêm lӝ bímұt:
- Tao hӓi mí ông cө có bӓ thăm không. Ông cө làm thinh. Nghӏ quyӃt
khai trӯ 4 tên: Ung văn Khiêm, NguyӉn Văn Vinh, Bùi Công Trӯng, Lê
Liêm (329).

5 . Chính sách kìm kҽp kinh tӃ miӅn Nam
NguyӉn Văn Trҩn tӕ cáo Võ Nguyên Giáp chӫ trѭѫng ngăn
chұn ÿà phát triӇn kinh tӃ miӅn Nam. Võ Nguyên Giáp không cho kinh
tӃ miӅn Nam lên mҥnh mà miӅn Bҳc và miӅn Trung tөt lҥi sau. Ông
viӃt rҵng: chính sách này dùng nhiӅu biӋn pháp làm rӕi loҥn nӅn kinh
tӃ và khiӃn cho nó trì trӋ và làm ÿѭӧc viӋc mà ÿàng ngoài mong ѭӟc,
miӅn Nam nghèo ÿi ÿӇ ÿuәi kӏp miӅn Bҳc ( 235).
6 . Cӝng sҧn phá hoҥi núi rӯng
NguyӉn Văn Trҩn là ngѭӡi duy nhҩt tӕ cáo bӑn cӝng sҧn ÿҫu sõ
cѭӟp ÿoҥt tài sҧn quӕc gia. Chúng phá hoҥi núi rӯng ÿӇ bán gӛ cho
ngoҥi quӕc lҩy tiӅn bӓ túi. Bùi Công Trӯng ÿã nói vӟi NguyӉn Văn Trҩn
nhѭ sau:
“Chúng nó cNJng mҩy thҵng ҩy, cNJng nhӳng chính sách ҩy, cai trӏ 17
triӋu dân thì dân ÿã nghèo sát ÿҩt, không ÿҫy 15 năm, hai cái rӯng ViӋt
Bҳc và Tây Bҳc bӏ cҥo trӑc lóc. Bây giӡ ӣ miӅn Nam, cNJng ÿào kép ҩy(
même acteurs), hҧi kӏch ҩy (même comédie) chѭa chi ÿã giành ÿҩt Ban
Mê Thuӝt, cӫa Ĉà Lҥt và Sông Bé thì chúng nó sӁ ÿua vӟi miӅn bҳc 15
năm, miӅn Nam chӍ cҫn ba năm thì cNJng trѫn lu nhѭ mu bà bóng cho
mày coi “(230).

Hӗi ký cӫa NguyӉn Văn Trҩn rҩt có giá trӏ vӅ lӏch sӱ và văn chѭѫng.
Nhӳng tài liӋu ông trình bày là nhӳng tài liӋu quan trӑng. Có nhӳng tài
liӋu chѭa ai nói ÿӃn mà ông là ngѭӡi ÿҫu tiên ÿѭa ra ánh sáng. Nhӳng
ngѭӡi khác viӃt hӗi ký là ÿӇ nói vӅ cá nhân, còn ông viӃt là vì tә quӕc,
là ÿӇ tӕ cáo tӝi ác cӫa cӝng sҧn trѭӟc quӕc dân, ÿӗng bào. Nhӳng lӡi
phê phán cӫa ông rҩt mҥnh mӁ và rҩt ÿúng. Ngòì bút cӫa ông rҩt sҳc bén
và lұp trѭӡng cӫa ông dӭt khoát. Ông là ngѭӡi trung trӵc và can ÿҧm.
Ông tiêu biӇu cho lӟp trí thӭc miӅn nam ngay thҷng, thành thӵc và yêu
nѭӟc. NghӋ thuұt kӇ chuyӋn cӫa ông rҩt vӳng vàng, lӡi văn tӵ nhiên,

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 537

WKXҫQ W~\ YăQ SKRQJ PLӅQ QDP UҩW WK~ Yӏ Yj UҩW ÿiQJ \rX

7ULFK 1JX\ӉQ 7KLrQ 7Kө 9Ă1 +Ӑ& +,ӊ1 ĈҤL WұS *LD +ӝL
2006)

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ 9j 4X\ӇQ 6iFK ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ Yj 4XӕF +ӝL´

7KiQJ QăP PӝW Vӵ NLӋQ Oҥ OQJ ÿm [ҧ\ UD WҥL 9LӋW 1DP Ĉy
Oj TX\ӇQ ViFK ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ
ÿѭӧF LQ Yj EiQ F{QJ NKDL ӣ PӝW TXӕF JLD W{Q WUӑQJ TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR QJ{Q
OXұQ QӃX Vӵ NLӋQ Qj\ [ҧ\ UD Fy OӁ NK{QJ DL Oҩ\ OjP QJҥF QKLrQ 1KѭQJ
ӣ 9LӋW 1DP TXҧ Oj PӝW YLӋF Oҥ

9u DL FNJQJ ELӃW KӋ WKӕQJ NLӇP VRiW ViFK EiR Yj WUX\ӅQ WK{QJ FӫD
FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL 9LӋW 1DP Y{ FQJ FKһW FKӁ Yj JҳW JDR 0ӝW TX\ӇQ ViFK
YӟL QӝL GXQJ ÿѭӧF Fѫ TXDQ WӕL FDR FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ ÿiQK JLi Oj ³UҩW
SKҧQ ÿӝQJ UҩW ÿӝF KҥL´ Yj VDX ÿy Eӏ 7UѭѫQJ 7ҩQ 6DQJ FKӫ WӏFK Ӫ\
%DQ 1KkQ 'kQ 7KjQK 3Kӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Nê PӝW TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ³0ұW´ FҩP
OѭX KjQK Yj WӏFK WKX [HP /LrQ 0LQK WKiQJ OҥL Fy WKӇ OӑW TXD
ÿѭӧF KӋ WKӕQJ NLӇP GX\ӋW ÿӇ SKiW KjQK F{QJ NKDL OҥL Oj PӝW FKX\ӋQ Oҥ

7UѭӟF NKL ÿiQK JLi WҥL VDR FKX\ӋQ Oҥ Qj\ Fy WKӇ [ҧ\ UD WKLӃW WѭӣQJ
FҫQ QyL TXD YӅ QӝL GXQJ FӫD FXӕQ ViFK Yj WiF JLҧ ÿӇ KLӇX WҥL VDR QKyP
FiQ Eӝ SKө WUiFK WKҭP ÿӏQK FXӕQ ViFK Qj\ WURQJ YăQ WKѭ PұW JӣL Ĉӛ
0ѭӡL ĈjR 'X\ 7QJ /r .Kҧ 3KLrX QJj\ ÿm ÿiQJ JLi UҵQJ
³ÿk\ Oj PӝW FXӕQ ViFK Fy QӝL GXQJ UҩW SKҧQ ÿӝQJ UҩW ÿӝF KҥL Yu Qy YX
NKӕQJ ErX [ҩX FKӱL EӟL OrQ iQ JD\ JҳW Vӵ OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ĈҧQJ WD PӝW
FiFK WRjQ GLӋQ Fҧ FKtQK WUӏ NLQK WӃ Yj YăQ KyD YăQ KӑF Yj ³Fy WtQK
KӋ WKӕQJ´ Fӕ QrX VDL OҫP Qj\ WLӃS VDL OҫP NKiF WURQJ FiF WKӡL NǤ Yj Fy
OLrQ KӋ PұW WKLӃW YӟL QKDX Qy EӝF Oӝ PӝW WKiL ÿӝ EҩW PmQ UҩW FD\ F~
WUҳQJ WUӧQ QJKƭD Oj ³ăQ WKXD ÿӫ´ QyL WKHR QJѭӡL 1DP %ӝ YӟL ĈҧQJ WD
Yj FKӃ ÿӝ WD´

ÐQJ %ҧ\ 7UҩQ +DL & 1qR ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FzQ ÿѭӧF JӑL
Oj %ҧ\ 7UҩQ VLQK QăP WҥL &Kӧ ĈӋP WKXӝF OjQJ 7kQ .LrQ KX\ӋQ
%uQK &KiQK WӍQK /RQJ $Q QD\ WKXӝF WKjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ;XҩW
WKkQ Wӯ PӝW JLD ÿuQK ÿӏD FKӫ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj NKi JLҧ {QJ ÿѭӧF JӣL OrQ 6jL
*zQ KӑF WUѭӡQJ 3pWUXV .ê 1ăP VDX NKL WKL ÿұX W~ WjL
SKҫQ QKҩW {QJ Eӓ KӑF Yj EҳW ÿҫX KRҥW ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ FKӕQJ OҥL WKӵF
dân Pháp.

Ӣ WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy WKHR OӡL Wӵ WKXұW {QJ ÿm FKӏX ҧQK KѭӣQJ UҩW QKLӅX
EӣL Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD Fө 3KDQ &KX 7ULQK Yj {QJ 1JX\ӉQ $Q 1LQK 1KѭQJ
NKL SKRQJ WUjR FӝQJ VҧQ EӝF SKiW PҥQK ӣ NKҳS QѫL QJѭӡL WKDQK QLrQ

538 LONG ĐIỀN

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm WKDP JLD YjR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ YӟL Vӵ WLQ WѭӣQJ UҵQJ
³FiFK PҥQJ Y{ VҧQ WKӃ JLӟL VӁ JLyQJ WUӕQJ SKҩW Fӡ JLҧL SKyQJ FKR GkQ
WӝF \ӃX KqQ´

7ӯ ÿy 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ODR YjR FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK YӟL Wѭ FiFK Oj PӝW
ÿҧQJ YLrQ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 7URQJ KѫQ QăP KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKR WӟL O~F YӅ
KѭX YjR QăP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm JLӳ QKLӅX FKӭF Yө TXDQ WUӑQJ
WURQJ JXӗQJ Pi\ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ QKѭ &KtQK Ӫ\ %ӝ 7ѭ /ӋQK NKX Yj
%t 7Kѭ .KX Ӫ\ ĈҥL %LӇX ĈҥL +ӝL ĈҧQJ OҫQ WKӭ KDL *LiR 6ѭ WUѭӡQJ
1JX\ӉQ ÈL 4XӕF Yj VDX ÿy WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF 1KkQ 'kQ WҥL +j 1ӝL 9ө
3Ky %DQ 7X\rQ +XҩQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ

6DX NKL YӅ KѭX {QJ FӝQJ WiF YӟL QKLӅX Wӡ EiR WҥL 9LӋW 1DP QKѭ
Wӡ 7XәL 7Uҿ YӟL E~W KLӋX +DL & 1qR EҵQJ QKӳQJ EjL YLӃW FKkP ELӃP
YҥFK UD QKӳQJ \ӃX Wӕ WLrX FӵF [ҩX [D FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ [m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD
ÐQJ FNJQJ YLӃW QKLӅX ViFK NKҧR FӭX Wӵ WKXұW QKѭ &K~QJ 7{L /jP %iR
&Kӧ ĈӋP 4Xr 7{L &KX\ӋQ 7URQJ 9ѭӡQ /ê
7UѭѫQJ 9ƭQK .ê &RQ 1JѭӡL Yj 6ӵ 7KұW

1ăP {QJ YLӃW WұS ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ 4X\ӇQ ViFK
OӑW TXD YzQJ NLӇP VRiW FӫD ĈҧQJ Yj ÿѭӧF Ej\ EiQ JҫQ QKѭ F{QJ NKDL
&KӍ WURQJ YzQJ PӝW WKiQJ KѫQ FXӕQ ViFK SKiW KjQK KӃW VҥFK Yj
ӣ NKҳS QѭӟF DL FNJQJ EjQ WiQ YӅ QKӳQJ Vӵ NLӋQ ÿѭӧF QrX OrQ WURQJ ³9LӃW
&KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´

7Kҩ\ ÿѭӧF WҫP WiF KҥL FӫD TX\ӇQ ViFK 7UѭѫQJ 7ҩQ 6DQJ WKHR OӋQK
FӫD %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ UD FKӍ WKӏ FҩP OѭX KjQK Yj WӏFK WKX 7URQJ NKL ÿy PһF
G Eӏ ÿiQK JLi NK{QJ FzQ ÿӫ Wѭ FiFK Oj ÿҧQJ YLrQ QKѭQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7UҩQ YүQ FKѭD Eӏ NKDL WUӯ KD\ Eӏ WKL KjQK Nӹ OXұW Yu WKHR EiR FiR PұW
JӣL %ӝ &KtQK 7Uӏ QKyP F{QJ WiF YLrQ ÿӅ QJKӏ ³ĈӇ NK{QJ Jk\ Gѭ OXұQ
[{Q [DR WUѭӟF ÿҥL KӝL QrQ FKѭD WKL KjQK Nӹ OXұW NKDL WUӯ YӝL´

ĈLӅX ÿy Fy QJKƭD Oj EҧQ iQ GjQK FKR 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YүQ WUHR ӣ
ÿy FKӡ Fy Fѫ KӝL WӕW ĈҧQJ VӁ WKL KjQK

³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ KӗL Nê FKtQK WUӏ FӫD PӝW ÿҧQJ YLrQ
FӝQJ VҧQ NǤ FӵX

³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ Oj PӝW FXӕQ ViFK Gj\ WUDQJ ÿѭӧF
WiF JLҧ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW QKѭ PӝW ORҥL KӗL Nê FKtQK WUӏ QyL YӅ FXӝF
ÿӡL FӫD FKtQK PuQK QKӳQJ EѭӟF WKăQJ WUҫP FӫD WiF JLҧ WURQJ NKRҧQJ
QăP ³OjP FiFK PҥQJ´ Yj QKӳQJ WUăQ WUӣ FӫD {QJ WUѭӟF KLӋQ WuQK ÿҩW
QѭӟF

7UѭӟF KӃW TX\ӇQ ViFK ÿѭӧF YLӃW QKѭ PӝW OӡL ViP KӕL FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 539

FӝQJ VҧQ SKҧQ WӍQK QKѭ WLӃQJ WKpW SKүQ Qӝ FӫD PӝW QJѭӡL GkQ WUѭӟF
QKӳQJ EҩW F{QJ SKL Oê FӫD ÿӡL VӕQJ Yj QKѭ PӝW EҧQ iQ OӋQK G}QJ GҥF
YҥFK WӝL ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP

7ҥL VDR WiF JLҧ Oҩ\ WӵD ÿӅ ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ " 0ҽ ӣ ÿk\
Oj Oj QJѭӡL VLQK UD PuQK 0ҽ FzQ Oj ELӇX WѭӧQJ FKR FӝL QJXӗQ FKR Wә
TXӕF ³9LӃW FKR 0ҽ´ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ GѭӡQJ QKѭ ÿӇ JӣL PӝW
WK{QJ ÿLӋS ÿӃQ FKR WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ DL WURQJ ÿy Fy QKyP OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ
FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm TXrQ PҩW PuQK Wӯ ÿkX Pj UD TX\ӅQ EtQK GR ÿkX
mà có.

ĈRҥQ Pӣ ÿҫX WiF JLҧ ÿm QKҳF ÿӃQ YLӋF .KәQJ 7ӱ QyL ³ÿjQ Ej NKy
Gҥ\´ Yj /ӛ 7ҩQ Wӵ KӓL ³.K{QJ ELӃW NKL QyL ÿjQ Ej NKy Gҥ\ .KәQJ 7ӱ
Fy NӇ Pҽ {QJ YjR ÿy KD\ NK{QJ"´ 7KiL ÿӝ FRL WKѭӡQJ QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ FӫD
QJѭӡL GkQ FӫD WұS ÿRjQ OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ ÿѭӧF 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ
[HP QKѭ PӝW QJѭӡL NLQK WKѭӡQJ Pҽ ÿҿ UD PuQK

7URQJ PӝW Oi WKѭ JӣL UD QJRjL QyL YӅ WiF SKҭP FӫD PuQK 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7UҩQ YLӃW YүQ EҵQJ OӕL NK{L KjL FKXD FKiW ³0ӑL YLӋF ӣ ÿӡL ÿӅX
SKө WKXӝF YjR GkQ Yj GkQ WKu SKө WKXӝF YjR OӡL QyL 0j KӥL {L ӣ 9LӋW
1DP QD\ FkX QyL FӫD GkQ JLDQ YүQ FzQ Fy JLi WUӏ ³1JҳQ Fә NrX FKҷQJ
WKҩX WUӡL´

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ NK{QJ NpR Fә GkQ FKR Qy GjL UD Pj FKӍ OjP
PӝW FRQ FyF NK{ NrX JjR FKR´7KѭӧQJ ĈӃ ĈҧQJ´ FKӟ Fy TXrQ ÿӝQJ Fѫ
WKjQK OұS ĈҧQJ Oj ³ĈHP OҥL Wӵ GR EuQK ÿҷQJ OҥL FKR QKkQ GkQ´

7URQJ WLӃQJ NrX JjR WKD\ FKR GkQ ÿHQ WKҩS Fә Ep PLӋQJ 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7UҩQ KѭӟQJ YӅ 4XӕF +ӝL Yu G PXӕQ G NK{QJ ÿk\ FNJQJ Oj Fѫ
FKӃ ÿѭӧF [HP Oj ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR WLӃQJ QyL QKkQ GkQ Oj QѫL WK{QJ TXD FiL
EҧQ KLӃQ SKiS WURQJ ÿy QKӳQJ TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR FăQ EҧQ FӫD FRQ QJѭӡL QKѭ
TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ EiR FKt ÿѭӧF ORQJ WUӑQJ F{QJ QKұQ +ѭӟQJ YӅ
QѫL PDQJ GDQK QJKƭD Oj ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR QKkQ GkQ ÿӇ ÿzL TX\ӅQ FKR QKkQ
GkQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ PXӕQ YҥFK WUҫQ EҧQ FKҩW Pӷ GkQ FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ Pj
{QJ ÿDQJ VӕQJ

%ҵQJ WKӇ ORҥL WKXұW FKX\ӋQ QKѭ QyL SKD OүQ NK{L KjL Yj FKkP ELӃP
WRjQ Eӝ TX\ӇQ ViFK SKҧQ ҧQK Vӵ FD\ ÿӝF FӫD WiF JLҧ WURQJ FiFK FKӍ WUtFK
WұS ÿRjQ OmQK ÿҥR FӝQJ VҧQ Yj QKӳQJ VDL OҫP OLrQ WөF FӫD ĈҧQJ FӝQJ
VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP 1ӝL GXQJ FӫD TX\ӇQ ViFK QKҳP YjR ED ÿLӇP FKӫ \ӃX

1KӳQJ VDL OҫP Yj WӝL iF FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP

4XD WӯQJ WKӡL NǤ FӫD OӏFK Vӱ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm YҥFK UD
QKLӅX VDL OҫP Oj WӝL iF FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP 7URQJ WKӡL NǤ FҧL

540 LONG ĐIỀN

FiFK UXӝQJ ÿҩW WҥL 0LӅQ %ҳF TX\ӇQ ViFK QrX OrQ QKLӅX EҵQJ FKӭQJ FKR
WKҩ\ Vӵ ÿӝF iF FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ

7KHR {QJ Yu UұS WKHR Vӵ FKӍ ÿҥR FӫD 0DR 7UҥFK Ĉ{QJ Yj F~L ÿҫX
YkQJ OӋQK Fӕ YҩQ 7UXQJ 4XӕF ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ ÿm JLӃW KҥL QKLӅX QJѭӡL Y{
WӝL WURQJ Yө FҧL FiFK Qj\ WKұP FKt GӭW WuQK Yj ÿӕL [ӱ ÿӝF iF YӟL QKӳQJ
ÿӗQJ FKt K{P TXD FӫD PuQK OjP WDQ QiW WuQK OjQJ QJKƭD [yP &NJQJ
WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ FXӝF FKӍQK KXҩQ Yj FҧL WҥR WUt WKӭF 0LӅQ %ҳF ÿm
OjP FKR QKLӅX QJѭӡL FKӃW KD\ WKkQ WjQ PD GҥL

4X\ӇQ ViFK ÿm NӃW OXұQ UҵQJ ³WKұW UD FKӍQK KXҩQ OjP FKR QJѭӡL
FӝQJ VҧQ QJk\ WKѫ QJj\ [ѭD KӑF UӗL WKҩ\ PuQK ³FKҷQJ UD FRQ QJѭӡL´
QӳD FKӍQK KXҩQ Oj ViQJ WҥR NǤ TXiL Oj ELӇX KLӋQ FѭӡQJ EҥR FӫD 0DR
EұF YXD FK~D FiFK PҥQJ ӣ SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ´

ĈӕL YӟL Yө 1KkQ 9ăQ *LDL 3KҭP TX\ӇQ ViFK FD QJӧL QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
QKѭ 7UҫQ 'ҫQ 1JX\ӉQ +ӳX ĈDQJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ Oj QKӳQJ NӁ Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP
ÿm ELӇX KLӋQ NKt WLӃW FӫD PuQK WUѭӟF FѭӡQJ TX\ӅQ Yj VR ViQK WzD iQ FӫD
FKӃ ÿӝ QKѭ Oj PӝW ³W{Q JLiR SKiS ÿuQK FӫD JLiR KӝL WKӡL WUXQJ Fә´ [pW
[ӱ W\ WLӋQ Y{ OXұW OӋ *ҫQ ÿk\ WUѭӟF ÿzL KӓL SKҧL [pW OҥL Yө iQ Qj\
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ SKr SKiQ WKiL ÿӝ QJRDQ Fӕ FӫD OmQK ÿҥR ĈҧQJ NK{QJ
FKӏX VӱD VDL JLҧL RDQ FKR QKӳQJ Nҿ Y{ WӝL Pj ³OҥL Fӭ JjR ÿk\ Oj Yͭ iQ
FKtQK WU͓ Yͭ iQ ÿm TXD E͕Q 1KkQ 9ăQ ÿm QK̵Q W͡L NK{QJ QrQ QK̷F
WͣL QͷD ´

4X\ӇQ ViFK FNJQJ ÿѭD UD PӝW Vӕ Vӵ NLӋQ OӏFK Vӱ WURQJ Yө iQ [pW OҥL
FKӕQJ ÿҧQJ YjR WKұS QLrQ 7KHR {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ /r ĈӭF 7Kӑ
ÿm WKDR W~QJ +ӝL 1JKӏ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ OҫQ WKӭ FӫD ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ YjR
QăP Y{ KLӋX KyD {QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿӇ NpR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW
1DP FKӕQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ [pW OҥL FӫD /LrQ ;{ 6DX Yө Qj\ QKѭ FK~QJ WD
ÿm ELӃW Oj KjQJ ORҥW Yө EҳW Eӟ WKDQK WUӯQJ ÿm [ҧ\ UD

ĈӕL YӟL YLӋF WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF Wӯ WKHR {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7UҩQ Oj WKDP YӑQJ FӫD QKyP OmQK ÿҥR %ҳF +j PXӕQ WKӕQJ WUӏ PLӅQ
1DP NK{QJ PXӕQ FKR PLӅQ 1DP ÿѭӧF SKiW WULӇQ 1y ÿm Jk\ UD WDL
KӑD OӟQ FKR 0LӅQ 1DP OjP FKR 0LӅQ 1DP WUѭӧW GӕF EăQJ ÿӇ ³ÿXәL
NӏS 0LӅQ %ҳF´ Yj FQJ QKDX ăQ ÿӝQ 1JѭӧF OҥL YӟL ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FѭӥQJ
pS Qj\ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿѭD UD ÿӅ QJKӏ WKjQK OұS PӝW /LrQ %DQJ
9LӋW 1DP JӗP KDL PLӅQ 1DP %ҳF YӟL PӝW FKӃ ÿӝ Wӵ WUӏ WҥL PLӅQ 1DP

ĈiQK JLi YӅ JLDL ÿRҥQ KLӋQ QD\ Wӯ NKL +j 1ӝL WULӋW Kҥ &kX /ҥF %ӝ
.KiQJ &KLӃQ WҥL PLӅQ 1DP WӏFK WKX FiF TX\ӅQ Fѫ EҧQ FӫD FRQ QJѭӡL
WKHR OӡL {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL ÿDQJ PXӕQ ÿjQ iS FiF

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 541

WLӃQJ QyL FӫD OѭѫQJ WUL QKѭ /LQK 0өF &KkQ 7tQ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF /DQ
{QJ Ĉӛ 7UXQJ +LӃX KRһF EҳW JLӳ FiF JѭѫQJ PһW WLrX ELӇX FӫD WUX\ӅQ
WKӕQJ GkQ FKӫ QKѭ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ NKDL WUӯ NKӓL ÿҧQJ FiF YăQ QJKӋ
Vƭ QKѭ %L 0LQK 4XӕF 'ѭѫQJ 7KX +ѭѫQJ Yj FiF QKj FiFK PҥQJ OmR
WKjQK QKѭ {QJ /r +ӗQJ +j {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 7UXQJ 7KjQK Y Y

2) /rQ iQ YLӋF ÿjQ iS W{Q JLiR Yj NrX JӑL WUӣ YӅ YӟL W{Q JLiR

/j QJѭӡL ÿL WKHR PӝW FKӫ QJKƭD Y{ WKҫQ WUrQ QăP Vӵ KӗL ÿҫX FӫD
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿѭӧF QKuQ WKҩ\ U} WURQJ QKӳQJ SKr SKiQ FӫD {QJ YӅ
FKtQK ViFK ÿjQ iS W{Q JLiR FӫD FiF ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ YӅ WuQK WUҥQJ PҩW
PiW FiF JLi WUӏ WKLrQJ OLrQJ FӫD [m KӝL 9LӋW 1DP QKѭ OXkQ Oê ÿӭF WLQ
ÿLӅX WKLӋQ WKiL ÿӝ EDR GXQJ Yj iQK ViQJ FӫD W{Q JLiR WURQJ WkP KӗQ
FRQ QJѭӡL

7UDQJ {QJ NӃW OXұQ UҵQJ ³WiL OұS QKӳQJ JLi WUӏ W{Q JLiR Oj FRQ
ÿѭӡQJ GX\ QKҩW ÿӇ JLҧL TX\ӃW FXӝF NKӫQJ KRҧQJ WKLrQJ OLrQJ KLӋQ WKӡL´
7URQJ TX\ӇQ ViFK {QJ WUtFK UҩW QKLӅX EjL JLҧQJ FӫD OLQK PөF &KkQ 7tQ
ÿӇ SKҫQ QjR PXӕQ QyL OrQ Vӵ ViP KӕL FӫD {QJ Yj ê PXӕQ WUӣ YӅ YӟL
QKӳQJ JLi WUӏ WLQK WKҫQ Yj W{Q JLiR QKӳQJ JLi WUӏ ÿm Yj ÿDQJ Eӏ GұS YL
PӝW FiFK WjQ EҥR GѭӟL FKӫ QJKƭD Y{ WKҫQ FӝQJ VҧQ

3) ĈzL KӓL QKӳQJ TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR FăQ EҧQ FӫD FRQ QJѭӡL ÿһF ELӋW
Oj TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt

7URQJ SKҫQ Yj FNJQJ Oj SKҫQ FXӕL FӫD TX\ӇQ ViFK 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7UҩQ NӃW WK~F EҵQJ PӝW NLӃQ QJKӏ JӣL 4XӕF +ӝL FӝQJ VҧQ WURQJ ÿy Fy
ÿRҥQ YLӃW

³7{L O˱X ê 4X͙F +͡L V͹ JL̫ ÿz NK{QJ FKăP VyF V͹ JL̫ ÿz TXrQ
FiF TX\͉Q FăQ E̫Q FͯD FRQ QJ˱ͥL Oj QJX\rQ QKkQ Jk\ UD ÿDX NK͝
FKR 7͝ 4X͙F FKR QKkQ GkQ Oj QJX\rQ QKkQ Jk\ UD V͹ ÿ͛L E̩L FͯD
QKͷQJ N̓ OjP {QJ QKj Q˱ͣF´

ÐQJ \rX FҫX ÿѭӧF Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ Yj Wӵ GR EiR FKt Yu WKHR {QJ
³+LӋQ WKӡL QJѭӡL WURQJ QѭӟF WD ÿDQJ NKDR NKiW QKѫQ TX\ӅQ Yj FiF
TX\ӅQ Wӵ GR GkQ FKӫ

1Kj OjP EiR WKu QJKƭ WKHR QKj EiR 1ӃX QyL QKѫQ TX\ӅQ Oj PӝW FiL
OD EjQ WKu NLP FKӍ QDP Oj Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ Wӵ GR EiR FKt Yj LQ ViFK ´

ÐQJ NӃW WK~F TX\ӇQ ViFK EҵQJ FkX ³7{L FKӡ 4XӕF +ӝL WUҧ OӡL´
1KѭQJ Vӵ FKӡ ÿӧL Qj\ FKtQK {QJ FNJQJ ELӃW Oj Y{ tFK ÐQJ FKӡ ÿӧL PӝW
ÿLӅX NKiF ÿy Oj SKҧQ ӭQJ FӫD TXҫQ FK~QJ FӫD ĈҧQJ 9j {QJ ÿRiQ
ÿ~QJ 4XӕF +ӝL YүQ LP OһQJ QKѭ Pҩ\ FKөF QăP TXD QKѭ PӝW Jm FkP

542 LONG ĐIỀN

FKӍ ELӃW JұW ÿҫX

4XҫQ FK~QJ SKҩQ NKӣL Yu Fy PӝW QJѭӡL QKѭ {QJ ÿL WKHR ÿҧQJ QKLӅX
QăP GiP QyL OrQ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX Pj TXҫQ FK~QJ EuQK WKѭӡQJ GҩX WұQ ÿi\
OzQJ NK{QJ GiP QyL UD ĈҧQJ QәL JLұQ Yu Fy QJѭӡL GiP QKөF Pҥ ĈҧQJ
1KӳQJ Vӵ YLӋF [ҧ\ UD WLӃS WKHR QKѭ UD OӋQK FҩP OѭX KjQK WӏFK WKX ViFK
UăQ ÿH {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ Yj GҵQ PһW FiF ÿҧQJ YLrQ NKiF FKӍ Oj PӝW
WLӃQ WUuQK ORJLF FӫD WKӇ FKӃ ÿӝF WjL WҥL 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ DL QJҥF QKLrQ
NӇ Fҧ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ

6ӵ NLӋQ TX\ӇQ ViFK ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿѭӧF Ej\ EiQ F{QJ NKDL UӗL VDX ÿy Eӏ FҩP ÿRiQ Yj WӏFK WKX
SKҧQ ҧQK PӝW Vӕ KLӋQ WUҥQJ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP

7UѭӟF KӃW TXD QӝL GXQJ FӫD FXӕQ ViFK FK~QJ WD Fy WKӇ ÿiQK JLi
UҵQJ FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ Fy QKLӅX QJѭӡL WӯQJ SKөF Yө FKR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ
QKuQ UD ÿѭӧF EҧQ FKҩW ÿӝF iF Yj QKӳQJ FKtQK ViFK VDL OҫP WDL KҥL FӫD
ĈҧQJ ÿm Oj QJX\rQ QKkQ FӫD WuQK WUҥQJ OөQ EҥL FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
K{P QD\ 1KӳQJ QJѭӡL Qj\ WKDP JLD YjR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ YӟL Oê WѭӣQJ
\rX QѭӟF \rX GkQ

1Jj\ QD\ Kӑ QKұQ FKkQ ÿѭӧF UҵQJ ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ NK{QJ SKөF Yө
FKR Oê WѭӣQJ ÿy Pj QJѭӧF OҥL FzQ OjP KҥL QѭӟF KҥL GkQ 6ӵ SKҧQ WӍQK
FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Qj\ ÿm WK~F ÿҭ\ Kӑ QyL OrQ YLӃW UD QKӳQJ OӡL FҧQK WӍQK
QKӳQJ EҧQ FiR WUҥQJ GjQK FKR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ĈLӅX FKҳF FKҳQ
Oj Kӑ VӁ Eӏ EӏW PLӋQJ Eӏ ÿjQ iS ÿӇ OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ Kӫ\ GLӋW PӑL PҫP
PӕQJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL WURQJ QӝL Eӝ ÿҧQJ

1KѭQJ PӝW TX\ӇQ ViFK QKѭ Yұ\ OӑW TXD ÿѭӧF KjQJ UjR NLӇP VRiW
FNJQJ Oj PӝW Vӵ NLӋQ ÿiQJ TXDQ WkP 4XD QKұQ ÿӏQK QӝL Eӝ FӫD ĈҧQJ
³YLӋF ÿӇ FKR FXӕQ ViFK ÿӝF KҥL Qj\ ÿѭӧF LQ Yj EiQ Oj PӝW Vѫ Kӣ WKLӃX
VyW FӫD Fѫ TXDQ WX\rQ KXҩQ Yj Fѫ TXDQ TXҧQ Oê [XҩW EҧQ TXҧQ Oê ҩQ ORiW
ӣ 73 +ӗ &Kt 0LQK´ Yj ÿѭD UD FKӍ WKӏ Oj SKҧL Fy ELӋQ SKiS [ӱ Oê ÿӕL YӟL
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Fy WUiFK QKLӋP WURQJ YLӋF LQ ҩQ Yj SKiW KjQK

9LӋF Qj\ OjP FKR FK~QJ WD QKӟ OҥL Yө Wӡ EiR 7UX\ӅQ 7KӕQJ .KiQJ
&KLӃQ Eӏ FҩP NK{QJ FKR LQ Yj SKiW KjQK QKѭQJ VDX ÿy ÿѭӧF Fѫ Vӣ ҩQ
ORiW FӫD QKj QѭӟF WҥL FiF WӍQK 0LӅQ 1DP LQ Yj SKә ELӃQ

7ҥL 9LӋW 1DP ÿҧQJ Yj QKj QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ NLӇP VRiW PӑL SKѭѫQJ
WLӋQ ҩQ ORiW WUX\ӅQ WK{QJ Wӯ JLҩ\ QKj LQ ÿӃQ QKj [XҩW EҧQ 1KѭQJ
QKӳQJ WiF SKҭP QKѭ ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´ YүQ LQ Yj EiQ ÿѭӧF
WӭF Oj FҫQ SKҧL Fy Vӵ ÿӗQJ WuQK JL~S ÿӥ FӫD FKtQK FiQ Eӝ ÿҧQJ YLrQ
WURQJ JXӗQJ Pi\ VҧQ [XҩW Yj NLӇP VRiW ViFK EiR

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 543

&KtQK Yu Vӧ ³EӭW Gk\ ÿӝQJ UӯQJ´ QrQ OmQK ÿҥR ÿҧQJ FӝQJ VҧQ FKѭD
GiP Fy ELӋQ SKiS PҥQK YӟL {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ 6ӵ NLӋQ Qj\ FNJQJ
SKҧQ ҧQK WuQK WUҥQJ SKkQ KyD JLDR ÿӝQJ FQJ FӵF WURQJ FKӃ ÿӝ +j 1ӝL
Yj FKҳF FKҳQ [X KѭӟQJ Fә Y} FKR PӝW QѭӟF 'kQ &Kӫ 7ӵ 'R W{Q WUӑQJ
1KkQ 4X\ӅQ ÿDQJ QJj\ PӝW OrQ FDR WURQJ KjQJ QJNJ ÿҧQJ YLrQ FӝQJ VҧQ
9LӋW 1DP

Ĉk\ Oj PӝW QJzL Qә Y{ FQJ QJX\ KLӇP Qy Fy NKҧ QăQJ FKkP QJzL
FKR PӝW QJӑQ Q~L OӱD QKѭ Vӵ VR ViQK FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ ÿӇ ÿӕW WDQ
PӑL ÿӝF WjL iS FKӃ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP

1JX\ӉQ ĈӭF 4XDQJ

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL NK{QJ &ӝQJ
6ҧQ
http://www.greenspun.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl?msg_

LG &.)V 9jL FKX\ӋQ WKұW [ҧ\ UD WURQJ QăP NKiQJ FKLӃQ
7KHR +ӭD +RjQK

³7KHR ³3KұW *LiR +zD +ҧR 7URQJ 'zQJ /ӏFK 6ӱ 'kQ 7ӝF´ FӫD
1JX\ӉQ /RQJ 7KjQK 1DP WUDQJ GDQK ViFK

³/kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK´ FKR FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ KҫX KӃW Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL
&6 QKѭ

7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX &Kӫ WӏFK &6

'ѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL 7KDQK WUD FKtQK WUӏ PLӅQ Ĉ{QJ &{QJ DQ &6

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7ҥR 1ӝL Yө &6

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7k\ 7KDQK WUD FKtQK WUӏ PLӅQ 7kӷ

&iF ӫ\ YLrQ EiF Vƭ 3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҥFK PӟL O\ NKDL YӟL 0һW 7UұQ
4XӕF *LD 7KӕQJ 1KҩW QJj\ ÿӇ JLD QKұS 9LӋW 0LQK

7ӯ %i ĈѭӟF ĈҧQJ 'kQ &Kӫ OmQK Wө 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ ӣ
Trà Vinh.

.ӻ Vѭ 1J{ 7ҩQ 1KѫQ 'ҧQJ 9LӋW 1DP ĈӝF /ұS FӫD +ӗ 9ăQ 1Jj
O\ NKDӏ

.ӻ Vѭ +RjQJ Ĉ{Q 9ăQ WKXӝF 7әQJ &{QJ ĈRjQ WKLrQ Wҧ

6LQK YLrQ +XǤQK 9ăQ 7LӉQJ &6

³/kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK´ OұS 6ӣ &{QJ DQ JLDR FKR 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7UҩQ WiF JLҧ ³9LӃW FKR Pҽ Yj TXӕF KӝL´ OjP JLiP ÿӕF JӑL Oj ³4XӕF
*LD 7ӵ 9Ӌ &XӝF´ /ӵF OѭӧQJ Qj\ NK{QJ OR ÿiQK 3KiS Pj QKұQ FKӍ WKӏ
FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *Ljө 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WKHR ÿy GL NKӫQJ Eӕ EҳW FyF iP

544 LONG ĐIỀN

ViW WKӫ WLrX FiF WKjQK SKҫQ OmQK ÿҥR FiF WKkQ KjR QKkQ Vƭ Fy X\ WtQ
WKkP FKt Fҧ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL OjP YLӋF FKR 3KiS WUѭӟF NLҥ 1KӳQJ WrQ GDR
E~D FK\rQ ÿkP WKXr FKpP PѭӟQ QKѭ 7{ .Ǥ %D 1Kӓ .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ
.LӅX 7ҩQ OұS Oj WD\ VDL WUӵF WLӃS FӫD ³/kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK´ ÿӇ WKL
KjQK FiF PұW OӏQK 'kQ FK~QJ ÿDQJ VD\ VѭD WUѭӟF FDR WUjR ÿӝF OұS Wӵ
GR NKL WKҩ\ Fӡ ÿӓ VDR YjQJ [XҩW KLӋQ Kӑ EjQJ KRjQJ QKѭQJ UӗL FNJQJ
Wӵ DQ ӫL

$L OmQK ÿҥR FNJQJ ÿѭӧF PLӉQ Kӑ FKӕQJ 3KiS ÿӇ JLҧL SKyQJ TXr
KѭѫQJ

7KұW UD 3KҥP 9ăQ %ҥFK FKӍ JLӳ Kѭ Yӏ PӑL TX\ӅQ KjQK YүQ QҵP
WURQJ WD\ FiQ Eӝ &6 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ VDL PұW Yө Q~S
GѭӟL GDQK QJKƭD 7KDQK 1LrQ 7LӅQ 3KRQJ 7ӵ 9Ӌ &XӝF ÿL OQJ EҳW iP
ViW NKӫQJ Eӕ FiF OmQK Wө TXӕF JLD W{Q JLiR Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL YӯD PӟL
KӧS WiF YӟL Kӑ ÿѭӧF Kӑ PӡL JLӳ FKӭF Yө Qj\ FKӭF Yө Qӑ WURQJ Ӫ\ EDQ
+jQK FKiQK &KӍ QӝL WURQJ WXҫQ OӉ Wӯ WӟL Pj /kP Ӫ\
+jQK &KiQK NKӫQJ Eӕ iP ViW WLrX GLӋW FiF QKkQ YұW WURQJ 0һW 7UұQ
4XӕF *LD 7KӕQJ 1KҩW Pj FiFK ÿy NK{QJ OkX &6 QăQ QӍ [LQ QKѭӡQJ
TX\ӅQ OmQK ÿҥӑ 7uQK WUҥQJ WUӣ QrQ QJӝW QJҥW .K{QJ NKt KRDQJ PDQJ
QJKL Nӷ EDR WUP .KӕL ÿRjQ NӃW TXӕF GkQ Eӏ UҥQ QӭW 7LӅP OӵF FKLӃQ
ÿҩX EҳW ÿҫX VX\ \Ӄө &6 WLӃS WөF UD OӏQK iP ViW EҳW FyF WKӫ WLrX FiF
QKkQ YұW VDX ÿk\ *LiR FKӫ +XǤQK 3K~ 6ә QKѭQJ WKҩW EҥL 9NJ 7DP
$QK WӭF 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF 1KDQ Eӏ F{QJ DQ FӫD 7UҫQ 9ăQ *LjX Oj /ê +Xr
9LQK EDR Yk\ EҳW WҥL ;yP 7KѫP NK{QJ WKjQK F{QJ QKѭQJ &6 ÿm
WKjQK F{QJ WURQJ YLӋF WӟL QKj {QJ %L 4XDQJ &KLrX ÿӇ Kҥ ViW WRjQ WKӇ
JLD TX\ӃQ FiFK Gm PDQ

0ӟL FKLӃP ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ /kP Ӫ\ +jQK &KiQK YӝL YjQJ
OұS 4XӕF *LD 7ӵ 9Ӌ &XӝF JLDR FKR 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿL OQJ EҳW iP
ViW NKӫQJ Eӕ FKR Pz W{P Ĉy Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL PӟL OLrQ KLӋS YӟL Kӑ
YjL K{P WUѭӟF 3KҥP +QJ Wӯ &{Q ĈҧR PӟL YӅ .LӅX ĈҳF 7KҳQJ
.LӅX 7ҩQ /ұS ÿѭӧF OӏQK OQJ VөF NKҳS QѫL EҳW FiF QKkQ Vƭ OmQK Wө
FiF ÿҧQJ SKiL W{Q JLiR WKұP FKt ÿӃQ QKӳQJ YLrQ FKӭF KӝL WӅ ÿm YӅ
Kѭө ÿHP WKӫ WLrX UӗL FKөS PNJ Kӑ Oj ³9LӋW JLDQ´

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7ѭӡQJ 7UuQK 9Ӆ %XәL 1yL &KX\ӋQ 9Ӆ 1KkQ 4X\ӅQ 9j 7ӵ 'R 7{Q *LiR

&KR 9LӋW 1DP &ӫD +zD 7KѭӧQJ 7KtFK *LiF /ѭӧQJ

³7KHR {QJ QKѭ OӏFK Vӱ WҥL /LrQ EDQJ 6{ 9LӃW Yj 1DP 7ѭ ÿm FKR
WKҩ\ FKӍ Fy QJѭӡL &6 PӟL GLӋW ÿѭӧF &6 Pj WK{L ÿLӅX TXDQ WUӑQJ Oj

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 545

KLӋQ QD\ FKӫ QJKƭD &6 NK{QJ FzQ Oj PӝW KҩS GүQ ÿӕL YӟL PӝW Vӕ QJѭӡL
QJk\ WKѫ QKѭ WUѭӟF ÿk\ Yj Vӵ WKұW YӅ Vӵ WjQ EҥR FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ &6 ÿm
NK{QJ WKӇ ÿѭӧF FKH GҩX Yj EѭQJ EtW ÿѭӧF ÿӕL YӟL ÿҥL ÿD Vӕ WKjQK SKҫQ
ÿҧQJ YLrQ &6 QKѭ WUѭӟF NLD EҵQJ FKӭQJ Oj ÿm Fy UҩW QKLӅX QJѭӡL Ej\
Wӓ Vӵ SKҧQ WӍQK UҩW PҥQK PӁ QKѭ 1JX\ӉQ YăQ 7UҩQ WӯQJ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj
KXQJ WKҫQ &Kӧ ĈӋP 7UҩQ YӟL WKjQK WtFK JLӃW QJѭӡL QKӳQJ FKLӃQ Vƭ
NK{QJ &6 NK{QJ ELӃW JӟP WD\ UӗL 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ 'ѭѫQJ WKX +ѭѫQJ UӗL
7UҫQ Ĉӝ +RjQJ 0LQK &KtQK UӗL +j 6ƭ 3KX 1JX\ӉQ WKDQK *LDQJ %L
0LQK 4XӕF 7LrX 'DR %ҧR &ӵ UӗL WKjQK SKҫQ VLQK YLrQ UD EiR FKXL
7KDR 7KӭF ĈӭQJ 'ұ\ UӗL QKӳQJ Yө QәL Gұ\ FӫD GkQ FK~QJ FiF YQJ
7KiL %uQK .LP 1ә ĈӗQJ 1DL ´

-http://tudongonluan.comuv.com/16/thamkich.html 7ӵ 'R
1J{Q /XұQ 6ӕ

1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WURQJ WKӡL NǤ &ӣL 7UyL JӗP QKLӅX YăQ QJKӋ
Vƭ ÿm YѭӧW WUrQ QәL Vӧ FӫD PuQK ÿӇ ÿѭD UD FiF WiF SKүP OrQ iQ FKӃ ÿӝ

³ +ӗL QăP VDX QKLӅX QăP FҫX [LQ FXӕL FQJ WKu ³&kX OҥF Eӝ
1KӳQJ QJѭӡL .KiQJ FKLӃQ FNJ´ ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS GR QKj FiFK PҥQJ OmR
WKjQK 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ OjP FKӫ QKLӋP &kX OҥF Eӝ ÿm SKiW KX\ WLQK WKҫQ Wӵ
GR Wѭ WѭӣQJ Wӵ GR QJ{Q OXұQ Yj G NK{QJ ÿѭӧF SKpS YүQ FKR UD EiR
³7UX\ӅQ 7KӕQJ .KiQJ &KLӃQ´ YӟL QJjQ EҧQ LQ &kX OҥF Eӝ ÿm GiP
WKҧR OXұQ QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WUӏ UҩW KyF E~D QKѭ \rX FҫX %ӝ FKtQK WUӏ
Yj %DQ Et WKѭ NLӇP ÿLӇP F{QJ YLӋF FӫD PuQK WUѭӟF 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ \rX
FҫX WKL KjQK Nӹ OXұW QKӳQJ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ WKӭ WUѭӣQJ SKҥP VDL OҫP ÿӇ FKR
WULӋX GkQ PLӅQ %ҳF Eӏ ÿyL QăP \rX FҫX 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ ÿӯQJ ³ÿӝF
GLӉQ´ NKL 4XӕF KӝL EҫX &Kӫ WӏFK +ӝL ÿӗQJ %ӝ WUѭӣQJ Pj ÿӇ FKR 4XӕF
KӝL ÿѭӧF EҫX Fӱ GkQ FKӫ ĈҧQJ FҫP TX\ӅQ WӭF JLұQ EҳW ÿҫX ÿjQ iS
QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WKDP JLD &kX OҥF Eӝ WKu {QJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ ± QJѭӡL ÿҧQJ YLrQ
YӟL WXәL ÿҧQJ ± ÿm WX\rQ Eӕ UD NKӓL Ĉ&691

7URQJ QăP 7әQJ %t WKѭ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ /LQK WX\rQ Eӕ ³FӣL WUyL´
FKR YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ ± Vӵ WKұW Oj FKӍ WҥP WKӡL QӟL OӓQJ Gk\ WUyL WK{L ± WKu JLӟL
WUt WKӭF YăQ QJKӋ Vƭ FiF QKj EiR ÿm ELӃW QKkQ Fѫ KӝL ÿy YѭѫQ OrQ 1Kj
YăQ 1JX\rQ 1JӑF ÿm ÿѭD UD EҧQ ³ĈӅ FѭѫQJ ÿӅ GүQ WKҧR OXұQ ӣ KӝL QJKӏ
ÿҧQJ YLrQ EjQ YӅ ViQJ WiF YăQ KӑF´ PӝW OҫQ QӳD ÿһW OҥL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD
YăQ KӑF Yj FKtQK WUӏ SKҧQ ÿӕL GXQJ WөF KRi PӕL TXDQ KӋ Qj\ SKҧQ ÿӕL
Vӵ ³WX\ӋW ÿӕL KRi FKtQK WUӏ WX\ӋW ÿӕL KRi Vӵ FKL SKӕL WҩW \ӃX FӫD FKtQK
WUӏ ÿӕL YӟL YăQ KӑF´ QJX\rQ YăQ QyL PӝW FiFK NKiF YăQ KӑF ÿzL ³Wӵ
GR´ ÿzL WKRiW NKӓL Vӵ ÿq ÿҫX FѭӥL Fә FӫD ³ÿҧQJ WtQK´ 7KұW UD FNJQJ

546 LONG ĐIỀN

không khác mҩy yêu cҫu ÿòi Ĉҧng “trҧ văn nghӋ cho văn nghӋ sƭ” mà
Trҫn Dҫn ÿã ÿѭa ra hӗi cuӕi năm 1954 ÿҫu năm 1955, khӣi ÿҫu cho trào
lѭu “Nhân Văn-Giai Phҭm”. Mӝt phong trào sáng tác mҥnh mӁ ÿã ÿѭӧc
dҩy lên: nhiӅu tác phҭm vang dӝi mӝt thӡi ÿã xuҩt hiӋn, nhѭ “Thͥi Xa
V̷ng” (1986) cͯa Lê L͹u, “Ti͋u Thuy͇t Vô Ĉ͉” “Thiên Ĉ˱ͥng Mù”
và “Bên Kia Bͥ ̪o V͕ng” (1987) cͯa D˱˯ng Thu H˱˯ng, “Ly Thân”
(1987) cͯa Tr̯n M̩nh H̫o, “Lͥi Khai Cͯa B͓ Can” (1987) cͯa Tr̯n
Huy Quang, “Cái Ĉêm Hôm ̬y Ĉêm Gì?” (1988) cͯa Phùng Gia L͡c,
“Ti͇ng Ĉ̭t” (1988) cͯa Hoàng Hͷu Cát, “Mùa Lá Rͭng Trong V˱ͥn”
(1985) cͯa Ma Văn Kháng, “T˱ͣng V͉ H˱u” cͯa Nguy͍n Huy Thi͏p...
Văn th˯ cͯa Nguy͍n Minh Châu, Tr̯n Vàng Sao, Xuân QuǤnh, Nguy͍n
Duy, Bùi Minh Qu͙c, Thanh Th̫o, h͡i ho̩ cͯa Nguy͍n T˱ Nghiêm,
Nguy͍nSáng,B͵uCh͑,k͓chngh͏cͯaL˱uQuangVNJ,ṰtĈ̩t.ÿãÿêl̩i nhͷng
ḓu ̭n ÿ́p cho thͥi kǤ ÿó. Nhͷng ÿ͝i thay cͯa báo chí cNJng khá tích
c͹c, n͝i b̵t là tu̯n báo “Văn Ngh͏” d˱ͣi thͥi t͝ng biên t̵p Nguyên
Ng͕c, “Sông H˱˯ng” vͣi t͝ng biên t̵p Tô Nhu̵n Vƭ, “Lang Bian”
vͣi t͝ng biên t̵p Bùi Minh Qu͙c, “Tu͝i Tr̓” vͣi t͝ng biên t̵p VNJ
Kim H̩nh. CNJng c̯n nh̷c ÿ͇n vai trò cͯa ông Tr̯n Ĉ͡, h͛i ÿó là
tr˱ͧng Ban Văn ngh͏ Trung ˱˯ng ÿã có công thuy͇t phͭc T͝ng Bí th˱
Nguy͍n Văn Linh và B͡ chính tr͓ ra ngh͓ quy͇t 05 (công b͙ ÿ̯u tháng
12-1987) vͣi tinh th̯n nͣi r͡ng t͹ do cho văn ngh͏ sƭ, phҫn nào ÿã có
tác dөng mӣ ÿѭӡng cho các tác phҭm tӕt ra ÿӡi. VӅ ҩn phҭm bí mұt
thì phҧi kӇ ÿӃn tӡ “DiӉn Ĉàn Tӵ Do” do Giáo sѭ Ĉoàn ViӃt Hoҥt chӫ
trѭѫng. Mӝt thӡi gian sau thì ÿҧng cҫm quyӅn hoҧng sӧ, lҥi siӃt chһt
dây trói, lҥi bày ra “Vө án Câu lҥc bӝ Nhӳng ngѭӡi Kháng chiӃn cNJ”,
ÿѭa vào tù các ông Tҥ Bá Tòng, Hӗ HiӃu, Ĉӛ Trung HiӃu, Ĉӛ Ĉình
Mҥnh... cuӕi cùng là ông NguyӉn Hӝ, “Vө án Lang Bian” vӟi viӋc khai
trӯ khӓi ĈCS và quҧn chӃ nhà thѫ Bùi Minh Quӕc, nhà văn Tiêu Dao
Bҧo Cӵ và ÿàn áp Hӝi Văn nghӋ Lâm Ĉӗng. Ông Nguyên Ngӑc, bà VNJ
Kim Hҥnh ÿӅu bӏ gҥt ra khӓi cѭѫng vӏ tәng biên tұp các báo hӑ ÿã phө
trách. Các nhà tu hành tӯng ӫng hӝ ĈCS trong cuӝc chiӃn tranh miӅn
Nam, ÿӃn khi hӑ cҩt tiӃng nói chính nghƭa cNJng bӏ ÿàn áp, tù ÿày, quҧn
chӃ, nhѭ Linh mөc Chân Tín, ông NguyӉn Ngӑc Lan... Ĉó là chѭa nói
ÿӃn vө án NguyӉn Ĉan QuӃ, Ĉoàn ViӃt Hoҥt vӟi mӭc án cӵc kǤ nһng.

Trong tình hình vô cùng khó khăn ÿó, cuӝc ÿҩu tranh ÿòi dân chӫ
hoá vүn không ngӯng tiӃn tӟi. Các nhà cách mҥng lão thành Hoàng
Minh Chính, NguyӉn Hӝ, Lê Giҧn, La Văn Lâm, NguyӉn Văn Trҩn,
Ngô Thӭc, Trҫn Ĉӝ, NguyӉn Văn Ĉào, Hoàng Hӳu Nhân, Lê Hӗng Hà,

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 547

7UҫQ 'NJQJ 7LӃQ 9NJ +X\ &ѭѫQJ ÿm FҩW FDR WLӃQJ QyL FKtQK QJKƭD FӫD
PuQK ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ ÿm FKR UD WұS OXұQ YăQ ³4XDQ ĈLӇP 9j &XӝF
6ӕQJ´ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ± WұS WҥS OXұQ ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF
+ӝL´ {QJ +j 6ӻ 3KX 1JX\ӉQ ;XkQ 7ө ± ED WұS ViFK ³'ҳW 1KDX ĈL
'ѭӟL 1KӳQJ 7ҩP %LӇQ &KӍ ĈѭӡQJ &ӫD 7Ut 7XӋ´ ³Ĉ{L ĈLӅX 6X\ 1JKƭ
&ӫD 0ӝW &{QJ 'kQ´ Yj ³&KLD 7D\ é 7KӭF +Ӌ´ 7UҫQ 7Kѭ ± ³1J˱ͥL
7 %͓ ;͵ / ê 1͡L %͡´ +Rj 7K˱ͫQJ 7KtFK 4X̫QJ Ĉ͡ ± ³1K̵Q Ĉ͓QK
1KͷQJ 6DL /̯P 7DL +̩L &ͯD Ĉ̫QJ &͡QJ 6̫Q 9L͏W 1DP Ĉ͙L 9ͣL 'kQ
7͡F 9j 3K̵W *LiR 9L͏W 1DP´ {QJ 7U̯Q Ĉ͡ ± ³+͛L . ê´ 7LrX 'DR
%̫R &͹ ± ³1͵D ĈͥL 1KuQ /̩L´ 7U̯Q .KXr ± ³Ĉ͙L 7KR̩L´ 1KL͉X
QJ˱ͥL NKiF QK˱ /ͷ 3K˱˯QJ 1JX\͍Q .L͇Q *LDQJ 1JX\rQ 3KRQJ +͛
+L͇X 1JX\͍Q 7KDQK *LDQJ 9NJ &DR 4X̵Q FNJQJ ÿm F{QJ E͙ QKͷQJ
OX̵Q YăQ QKͷQJ QJKLrQ FͱX FͯD PuQK ÿ͋ FK͑ U} FRQ ÿ˱ͥQJ W̭W \͇X SK̫L
GkQ FKͯ KRi Ĉ̭W Q˱ͣF &NJQJ FKtQK WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ Qj\ PӝW Wӡ EiR Et
PұW QKӓ QKҳQ YLӃW UҩW KD\ PDQJ WrQ ³1JѭӡL 6jL *zQ´ Pj QJѭӡL WD ÿӗ
UҵQJ GR ÐQJ *Lj &Kӧ ĈӋP 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ OjP 7ӡ EiR ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL GkQ FKӫ ÿyQ QKұQ UҩW QӗQJ QKLӋW ³

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ YӅ QKkQ YұW 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ

4X\ӇQ KӗL Nê 9LӃW &KR 0ҽ Yj 4XӕF +ӝL YLӃW Yj LQ WURQJ QѭӟF Eӏ
QKj QѭӟF &691 UD OӋQK WӏFK WKX Yu QӝL GXQJ FKӕQJ FKӃ ÿӝ 6DX ÿy TX\ӇQ
ViFK ÿѭӧF LQ WҥL +RD .Ǥ QKj [XҩW EҧQ 9ăQ 1JKӋ &DOLIRUQLD QăP
JӗP WUDQJ 4XD TX\ӇQ KӗL Nê Pj WiF JLҧ JӣL JҩP WkP WuQK FK~QJ WD
KLӇX ÿѭӧF PӝW Vӕ QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YӅ &XӝF &KLӃQ 9LӋW
1DP Pj WiF JLҧ Oj PӝW FKӭQJ QKkQ OӏFK Vӱ Fy PһW ÿҫ\ ÿӫ
WURQJ FiF WKӡL NǤ TXDQ WUӑQJ OӏFK Vӱ

/ҫQ OѭӧW TXD FiF WUDQJ ViFK FӫD WiF JLҧ W{L [LQ YҥFK UD FiF QKұQ
ÿӏQK FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ QKѭ VDX

9LӋF FKR ;XҩW EҧQ Wӡ EiR 'kQ &K~QJ /H 3HXSOH Wӯ WUDQJ
WKHR FKӍ WKӏ FӫD ÿҧQJ &691 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ FKR [XҩW EҧQ Wӡ
EjR Pj NK{QJ FҫQ SKҧL [LQ SKpS Yj YүQ ÿѭӧF QKj LQ FӫD 3KiS LQ ÿjQJ
KRjQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP Oj Vӕ EiR ÿҫX WLrQ YӟL JLi EiQ [X
Wӡ ÿѭӧF %LӋQ /ê &XӝF 3KiS FKR SKpS OѭX KjQK FKӭQJ Wӓ KӗL ҩ\ G FDL
WUӏ Kj NKҳF QKѭQJ YӅ TX\ӅQ 7ӵ 'R %iR &Kt WKu WKӵF GkQ 3KiS YүQ KѫQ
FKӃ ÿӝ &691 QJj\ QD\ UҩW QKLӅX 1JX\ӉQ 9DQ 7UҩQ Yj 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ QăP
[LQ SKpS LQ Wӡ EjR &ӵX .KiQJ &KLӃQ &.& Pj FKtQK TX\ӅQ
&691 QjR Fy FKR Pj FzQ Eӏ WKHR GӓL EҳW Eӟ

1JX\ӉQ YăQ 7UҩQ NKL LQ EiR ÿѭӧF QăP WURQJ EjL EiR´&K~QJ W{L

548 LONG ĐIỀN

FDQ WKLӋS QJD\ ÿӃQ YҩQ ÿӅ FKLD ÿҩW F{QJ ÿLӅQ FKR GkQ QJKqR PѭӟQ FDQ
WKLӋS YjR Yө GkQ ÿyL &j 0DX´Fy QKӳQJ FkX QKѭ VDX ´&K~QJ W{L NӏFK
OLӋW SKҧQ ÿӕL Vӵ JLDP FҫP Pҩ\ QJѭӡL ÿL ELӇX WuQK Yj NrX JjR FKiQK SKӫ
FKtQK SKӫ 3KiS Kҧ\ Fy FDQ ÿҧP Pj QKuQ QKұQ Vӵ WKұW ÿӇ FKR QJѭӡL
Y{ WӝL NK{QJ Eӏ W RDQ PLӇQ WKXӃ FKR Kӑ WKҧ QJD\ QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ EҳW
Y{ Fӟ %jL EiR Eӏ PұW WKiP ÿӃQ KӓL DL Oj WiF JLҧ 7UҩQ ÿm PҥQK GҥQ WUҧ
OӡL ´3KiS OXұW NK{QJ FKR SKpS QKj ÿѭѫQJ FXӝF KӓL QKѭ Yұ\ ´0ӑL YLӋF
FNJQJ KXӅ 7UҩQ Fy VR ViQK YLӋF Qҫ\ YӟL FKӃ ÿӝ FӫD WD FӫD &691 Yj
ÿӅ QJKӏ 4XӕF +ӝL &+;+&191 [HP [pW YӅ Wӵ GR EiR FKt VR YӟL WKӡL
NǤ WKӵF GkQ WUDQJ

%jL GLӇQ WKX\ӃW FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9DQ 7UҩQ WҥL +ӝL 4XiQ $ - $ & /ѭѫQJ
+ӳX %iR &Kt 1DP .Ǥ QJj\ VDX ÿy Fy ÿăQJ OҥL WUrQ EiR 'kQ
Chúng (trang 47-53),WUѭӟF FiF Nê JLҧ 3KiS 9LӋW Fy Fҧ &ҧQK ViW 3KiS
QJѭӡL GkQ 9LӋW 1DP WKӡL ÿy FNJQJ ÿm Fy TX\ӅQ ÿzL KӓL 'kQ &Kӫ 7ӵ 'R
QKѭ VDX

³7K˱D FiF 1JjL

7K˱D FiF E̩Q

ĈͱQJ WUrQ GL͍Q ÿjQ JLͥ Qj\ ÿ͋ FKjR FiF 1JjL Yj FiF E̩Q W{L YͳD
ÿ˱ͫF P͡W KkQ K̩QK YͳD ÿ̿QJ P͡W V͹ YXL PͳQJ

+kQ K̩QK WKD\ FKR QKyP 'kQ &K~QJ P͡W QKyP OX{Q OX{Q O̭\ V͹
ÿzL FiF TX\͉Q 7͹ GR GkQ FKͯ FKR GkQ W͡F 9L͏W 1DP OjP FiL PͭF ÿtFK
WUDQK ÿ̭X K̹QJ QJj\ FͯD PuQK WURQJ JLDL ÿR̩Q Qj\ WURQJ P͡W FX͡F K͡L
KL͏S J͛P FiF SK̯Q W͵ P̿F G̯X ÿͱQJ YjR ÿ͓D Y͓ JLDL F̭S NKiF QKDX
WKX͡F QKL͉X [X K˱ͣQJ FKiQK WU͓ ḘW ÿ͛QJ QK˱QJ WURQJ yF Y̳Q ÿ͛QJ P͡W
WLQK WK̯Q FDR WK˱ͫQJ Yj \rX FKX͡QJ W͹ GR

ĈăQJ OҥL WUrQ 'kQ &K~QJ Vӕ UD QJj\ $RXW

4XD ÿRҥQ GLӇQ YăQ YӯD NӇ FKR FK~QJ WD VR ViQK TX\ӅQ 7ӵ 'R
1J{Q /XұQ ӣ WKӡL 7KӵF 'kQ 3KiS YүQ FzQ FӣL Pӣ KѫQ QKLӅX VR YӟL WKӡL
&691 QJj\ QD\ .rX JӑL 7ӵ 'R 1J{Q /XұQ ÿzL EҧR YӋ ÿҩW QѭӟF Oj Eӏ
W ÿӗQJ WKӡL FNJQJ FKӭQJ Wӓ FiL GӫQJ NKt FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ ÿm YѫL
ÿL NKi QKLӅX VDX Pҩ\ FKөF QăP VӕQJ WURQJ ³7KLrQ ĈjQJ ;+&1´EӣL Yu
Vӵ ÿjQ iS W ÿj\ FӫD FKӃ ÿӝ &+;+&191 FzQ iF ÿӝF JҩS WUăP OҫQ FKӃ
ÿӝ 7KӵF GkQ 3KiS &zQ VӕQJ ÿѭӧF GѭӟL FKӃ ÿӝ &691 WKu SKҧL ELӃW Vӧ
và hèn!!!

7KӡL ÿLӇP +ӗ &Kt 0LQK FKӍ GiP QyL YӟL GkQ 9LӋW 1DP
YӅ 0ұW 7UұQ 9LӋW 0LQK EDR JӗP PӑL WKjQK SKҫQ ÿҧQJ SKiL WKDP JLD
FKӕQJ WKӵF GDQ 3KiS Pj +ӗ PD PmQK GҩX QKҽP ÿҧQJ &691 ÿӇ ÿiQK

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 549

OӯD GkQ FK~QJ
³7ә YLrQ FӫD Wә PӝW Qҫ\ JӗP QKӳQJ WD\ FKiQK WUӵF QKѭ %L /kP Oj

QJѭӡL UD VkQ ED\ WLӇQ ÿRjQ WD ÿL 3DUV Gӵ KӝL QJKӏ ÿm NӅ WDL {QJ Fө +ӗ
Pj QyL ĈӯQJ Fy EiQ QѭӟF QJKH ÿӗQJ FKt WUDQJ

%ӣL Yu O~F ҩ\ G +ӗ ÿm GҽS FiL ÿҧQJ &691 QKѭQJ YӟL FiL WrQ PӟL
ĈҧQJ /DR ĈӝQJ 91 QKѭQJ QJѭӡL GkQ YүQ FzQ QJӡ YӵF FRQ QJѭӡL &6
FӫD +ӗ 6DX Qҫ\ Uӓ UjQJ +ӗ ÿm QKLӅX OҫQ ÿһW TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD &647 OrQ
WUrQ TX\ӅQ OӧL 'kQ 7ӝF

;XҩW WKkQ FӫD 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ Oj OjP WD\ VDL FKR &ӝQJ VҧQ UD
WD\ ViW KҥL ÿӗQJ EjR Yj QKӳQJ QKj iL TXӕF QKj NKiQJ FKLӃQ NK{QJ WKHR
&6 QәL EұW QKҩW Oj QKLӅX QJXӗQ WLQ FKR UҵQJ {QJ Oj QJѭӡL FKӫ PѭX KD\
Oj Nҿ UD WD\ JLӃW 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX QJѭӡL Pj WUѭӟF ÿy JL~S ÿӥ Yj Gҥ\ Gӛ cho
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ WҥL 3KiS WX\ QKLrQ WURQJ QJѭӡL WuQK QJKL FKѭD U}
DL Oj QJѭӡL UD WD\ Kҥ ViW 7ҥ 7KX 7KkX QKѭQJ Nҿ UD OӋQK Oj +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
7UҩQ ÿѭӧF PDQJ Et GDQK Oj ³+P ;iP &DL /ұ\´ GR QKӳQJ KjQK ÿӝQJ
WjQ iF WUѭӟF Yj VDX

+jQK YL WjQ iF FӫD 7UҩQ WҥL 1DP %ӝ WUѭӟF ÿm ÿѭӧF QKLӅX
QJXӗQ WLQ F{QJ QKұQ YLӋF WKӫ WLrX Pz W{P WUP EDR Eӕ Oj GR 7UҩQ
FKӫ PѭX 6DX 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ Eӏ WKҩW VNJQJ Eѫ Yѫ NK{QJ QѫL
QѭѫQJ WӵD VLQK UD EҩW PҧQ FKӃ ÿӝ &6 1KұS EӑQ YӟL 1JX\ӉQ +ӝ WURQJ
&.& &ӵX .KiQJ &KLӃQ ÿӇ FKR UD Wӡ ³1JѭӡL 6jL *zQ´ ÿӇ ÿzL KӓL 'kQ
&Kӫ ÿzL KӓL TX\ӅQ OӧL Eӏ Eӓ TXrQ 4X\ӇQ ³9LӃW &KR 0ҽ Yj 4XӕF +ӝL´Oj
PӝW Wѭ OLӋX TXê JLi YӅ QKӳQJ ÿLӅX VDL OҫP WURQJ JXӗQJ Pi\ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
Wӯ &y QKLӅX WjL OLӋX [iF WKӵF WURQJ TX\ӇQ ViFK ÿy NӇ QKӳQJ
WӝL iF FӫD &691 Pj WURQJ ÿy 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ YӯD Oj QJѭӡL Wӕ FiR Yj
FNJQJ Oj WKӫ SKҥP WURQJ EDQ &&5Ĉ 6DX Qҫ\ Wӯ 7UҩQ Eӏ WKHR GӓL
ÿH GӑD QrQ NK{QJ GiP OjP Ju WKrP VDX NKL [XҩW EҧQ TX\ӇQ ViFK ³9LӃW
&KR 0ҽ 9j 4XӕF +ӝL´96.

7ӯ YLӋF Wӕ FiR WӝL iF &691 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7UҩQ VDX NKL QKұQ GӏQK
PuQK ÿm VDL OҫP ÿL ÿӃQ KjQK ÿӝQJ FKXӝF OҥL WӝL OӛL Oj PӝW JLDL ÿRҥQ GjL
Yj ÿҫ\ FK{QJ JDL Pj NK{QJ SKҧL QJѭӡL 3KҧQ 7ӍQK QjR FNJQJ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF
WUӑQ YҽQ QKѭ 7UXQJ 7i 7UҫQ $QK .LP ÿm GiP WKDP JLD WURQJ SKRQJ WUjR
ÿҩX WUDQK ³.KӕL ´ Eӏ W ÿj\ QKѭQJ YүQ FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW ÿҩX WUDQK FKR
7ӵ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ

550 LONG ĐIỀN

7UҫQ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ

7UҫQ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ WKiQJ QăP ² WKiQJ QăP

7UҫQ %ҥFK ĈҵQJ Oj PӝW QKj QJKLrQ FӭX QKj YăQ QKj EiR 9LӋW 1DP
ÐQJ FzQ Oj PӝW QKj FKtQK WUӏ OmR WKjQK FӫD 9LӋW 1DP ÿm WKDP JLD KRҥW
ÿӝQJ FiFK PҥQJ Wӯ WUѭӟF QăP ÐQJ FNJQJ Oj WiF JLҧ FӫD TX\ӇQ
WLӇX WKX\ӃW YLӃW YӅ PӝW QKkQ YұW WuQK EiR Et ҭQ WURQJ OӏFK Vӱ &KLӃQ
WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP ³ ĈҥL Wi 3KҥP 1JӑF 7KҧR´ YӟL E~W GDQK 1JX\ӉQ
7UѭѫQJ 7KLrQ /ê.

7LӇX Vӱ

ÐQJ WrQ WKұW Oj 7UѭѫQJ *LD 7ULӅX VLQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
WҥL [m +zD 7KXұQ KX\ӋQ *LӗQJ 5LӅQJ .LrQ *LDQJ ÐQJ Oj FKiX QӝL
QKj FKt Vƭ \rX QѭӟF 7UѭѫQJ *LD 0{ FzQ JӑL Oj Fө 1JKq 0{

9Ӆ Vӵ QJKLӋS FKtQK WUӏ {QJ WKDP JLD FiFK PҥQJ Wӯ NKL PӟL WXәL
1ăP {QJ ÿm ÿѭӧF JLDR SKө WUiFK Wӡ &K͙QJ ;kP /ăQJ FӫD 7KjQK
ӫ\ 6jL *zQ 1ăP OjP WәQJ ELrQ WұS EiR 1KkQ 'kQ 0L͉Q 1DP FӫD
7UXQJ ѭѫQJ &өF 7URQJ VXӕW &KLӃQ WUDQK 9LӋW 1DP {QJ OҫQ OѭӧW ÿҧP
WUiFK QKLӅX FѭѫQJ Yӏ TXDQ WUӑQJ QKѭ Et WKѭ 7KjQK ӫ\ 6jL *zQ SKө
WUiFK %DQ WX\rQ KXҩQ 7UXQJ ѭѫQJ &өF Ӫ\ YLrQ ĈRjQ FKӫ WӏFK 0һW WUұQ
'kQ WӝF *LҧL SKyQJ PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP

1ăP {QJ Oj KӝL YLrQ +ӝL 1Kj YăQ 9LӋW 1DP 7ӯ QăP
{QJ Oj SKy %DQ 'kQ YұQ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ 1ăP {QJ F{QJ WiF ӣ %DQ
7X\rQ KXҩQ WUXQJ ѭѫQJ QăP Oj FKX\rQ JLD F{QJ WiF Wѭ WѭӣQJ YăQ
KyD YLӃW EiR YăQ QJKLrQ FӭX NKRD KӑF [m KӝL JL~S WUXQJ ѭѫQJ Yj
&KtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP PӝW Vӕ YҩQ ÿӅ YӅ FKLӃQ OѭӧF Wѭ WѭӣQJ NLQK WӃ [m

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 551

KӝL
9Ӆ Vӵ QJKLӋS YăQ FKѭѫQJ GR ҧQK KѭӣQJ FӫD JLD ÿuQK OzQJ KDP

WKtFK YăQ FKѭѫQJ KuQK WKjQK WURQJ {QJ UҩW VӟP 1ăP {QJ ÿm Fy
QKӳQJ EjL WKѫ ÿҫX WD\ QKѭ

7UrQ Eӡ ĈӗQJ 1DL
'ҩX FNJ

&KLӃX UiFK PѭD ÿrP
'ҥ\ KӑF OұX
7URQJ Vӵ QJKLӋS FӫD PuQK {QJ Fy QKLӅX E~W KLӋX QKѭ +ѭӣQJ 7ULӅX,
1JX\ӉQ +LӇX 7UѭӡQJ, 1JX\ӉQ 7UѭѫQJ 7KLrQ /ê, 7UҫQ 4XDQJ... và
WKDP JLD ӣ QKLӅX WKӇ ORҥL NKiF QKDX
ÐQJ TXD ÿӡL ӣ WXәL YjR KӗL J QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
QKҵP QJj\ WKiQJ kP OӏFK WҥL %ӋQK YLӋQ &Kӧ 5ү\ VDX PӝW WKӡL
JLDQ OkP EӋQK

7iF SKҭP
9Ӆ WUX\ӋQ QJҳQ {QJ Fy QKLӅX WiF SKҭP PDQJ WtQK WKӡL Vӵ QKѭ
%iF 6iX 5ӗQJ

0ӝW QJj\ FӫD Et WKѭ WӍQK ӫ\
&KkQ GXQJ PӝW TXҧQ ÿӕF

1Jj\ YӅ FӫD QJRҥL
9Ӆ NӏFK QyL {QJ Fy
7UҫQ +ѭQJ ĈҥR EuQK 1JX\rQ
1ӱD WXҫQ WUăQJ NǤ Oҥ

7uQK \rX Yj OӡL ÿiS
0ӝW PD Kq RL ҧ 0ӝW PӕL WuQK
9Ӆ OƭQK YӵF ÿLӋQ ҧQK {QJ FNJQJ WKDP JLD QKLӅX NӏFK EҧQ SKLP ÿѭӧF
ÿiQK JLi FDR QKѭ
ÐQJ +DL &NJ WұS
Dòng sông không quên (1989)

9iQ EjL OұW QJӱD WұS

ÐQJ FNJQJ WKDP JLD ELrQ VRҥQ KRһF OjP FKӫ ELrQ QKLӅX F{QJ WUuQK
NKRD KӑF QKѭ

ĈӏD FKt YăQ KyD WKjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK

552 LONG ĐIỀN