Cuộc Chiến Việt Nam 1945-1975 Long Điền Tập 1

\-NguyӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX 7Kӭ QăP QJj\ WKiQJ ViX QăP %t
PұW FKXQJ TXDQK Kӗ Vѫ ³1L[RQ 7KLӋX´

http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2010/06/100601_nix-
on_thieu_dossier.shtml ;XkQ +ӗQJ BBCVietnamese.com

*6 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ UD PҳW FXӕQ ³ 7kP 7ѭ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX´
WҥL &DOLIRUQLD

7iF JLҧ FXӕQ ViFK PӟL YӅ ³7kP 7ѭ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX´ QyL YӟL
%%& UҵQJ PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ Kӗ Vѫ TXDQ WUӑQJ OLrQ TXDQ FXӝF FKLӃQ
9LӋW 1DP YүQ FKѭD ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW

*LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ QJX\rQ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ .Ӄ +RҥFK FӫD
FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD QKҳF ÿӃQ FiL JӑL Oj Kӗ Vѫ ³1L[RQ
7KLӋX´ FKӭD FiF WjL OLӋX Yj WKѭ Wӯ JLӳD 7zD %ҥFK ӔF Yj 'LQK ĈӝF /ұS
Wӯ QăP

ÐQJ +ѭQJ QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF FKӍ ÿӏQK ÿL FҫX YLӋQ YjR JLӡ FKyW QyL UҵQJ
YjR QJj\ WKiQJ %D QăP QyL {QJ 7KLӋX Fy FKR {QJ [HP Kӗ Vѫ
Qj\ WURQJ ÿy Fy KDL EӭF WKѭ FӫD 77 1L[RQ Pj {QJ ÿm \rX FҫX 77 7KLӋX
JӣL FKR QJѭӡL NӃ QKLӋP FӫD 77 1L[RQ Oj 77 )RUG TXD WUXQJ JLDQ FӫD
7ѭӟQJ )UHGHULFN :H\DQG FӵX 7ѭ /ӋQK 4XkQ ĈӝL 0ӻ O~F ÿy Oj 7KDP
0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ /LrQ 4XkQ +RD .Ǥ

7URQJ FXӕQ ViFK ³7kP 7ѭ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX´ PӟL ÿѭӧF [XҩW EҧQ
*6 +ѭQJ QyL ³ĈLӇP WUӟ WUrX Oj WKѭ FӫD 77 1L[RQ Pj 77 )RUG NK{QJ
ELӃW Ju ´

9jR QJj\ WKiQJ 7ѭ QăP ÿtFK WKkQ 7ѭӟQJ :H\DQG ÿm ÿѭD
FKR 77 )RUG [HP KDL EӭF WKѭ ÿy FKӍ SK~W WUѭӟF NKL 76 .LVVLQJHU
ÿӃQ FQJ KӑS 1Jj\ WKiQJ 7ѭ 76 +ѭQJ WLӃW Oӝ KDL WKѭ Qj\ WURQJ
PӝW FXӝF KӑS EiR WҥL .KiFK VҥQ 0D\IORZHU ӣ :DVKLQJWRQ ÿӇ ÿһW WUiFK

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 103

QKLӋP EӝL ѭӟF Yj \rX FҫX +RD .Ǥ ÿӅQ E OҥL EҵQJ FiFK FӭX YӟW Yj FKR
ÿӏQK Fѭ PӝW WULӋX QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP

6DX ÿy 4XӕF +ӝL 0ӻ WKHR *6 +ѭQJ ÿm SKҧQ ӭQJ ³WҥL VDR +jQK
3KiS 0ӻ NK{QJ FKR /ұS 3KiS ELӃW Kӗ Vѫ 1L[RQ 7KLӋX ´ ÿһF ELӋW Oj FiF
QJKӏ Vƭ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FҳW YLӋQ WUӧ FKR 91&+ QKѭ +HQU\ -DFNVRQ )UDQN
Church, Ted Kennedy, Mike Mansfield...

1JD\ FKӫ WӏFK FӫD Ӫ\ %DQ 1JRҥL *LDR 7KѭӧQJ 9LӋQ +RD .Ǥ O~F
ÿy Oj {QJ -RKQ 6SDUNPDQ ÿm YLӃW WKѭ \rX FҫX 77 )RUG FKR [HP Kӗ Vѫ
³1L[RQ 7KLӋX´ QKѭQJ 77 )RUG YLӋQ GүQ TX\ӅQ ÿһF ELӋW FӫD QJѭӡL
ÿӭQJ ÿҫX KjQK SKiS ÿm Wӯ FKӕL 5ӗL Wӯ ÿy FKtQK SKӫ 0ӻ ³ÿm pP QKҽP´
WRjQ Eӝ Kӗ Vѫ Qj\

1ăP {QJ 5RQDOG 1HVVRQ W\ YLrQ EiR FKt FӫD 77 )RUG Fy
YLӃW PӝW FXӕQ KӗL Nê WURQJ ÿy {QJ WLӃW Oӝ UҵQJ {QJ ÿѭӧF OӋQK FҩS WUrQ
ÿL WuP Kӗ Vѫ ³1L[RQ 7KLӋX´ WURQJ 7zD %ҥFK ӔF Yj WuP ÿѭӧF YӓQ YҽQ
FKӍ Fy ³Eҧ\ FiL WKѭ ³

*6 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ QyL Fy WәQJ FӝQJ YăQ WKѭ WURQJ Kӗ Vѫ Qj\
QKLӅX KѫQ Vӕ WKѭ Pj {QJ 5RQDOG 1HVVRQ ÿm WLӃW Oӝ WURQJ FXӕQ KӗL Nê

7KHR *6 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ KҫX QKѭ WҩW Fҧ FiF Kӗ Vѫ YӅ FXӝF
FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP QD\ ÿm ÿѭӧF JLҧL PұW WUӯ Kӗ Vѫ ³1L[RQ 7KLӋX´ Pj FKR
WӟL K{P QD\ YүQ FzQ QҵP WURQJ YzQJ Et PұW

7ҥL VDR {QJ 7KLӋX NK{QJ OrQ WLӃQJ"

7iF JLҧ 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ NK{QJ WLQ UҵQJ QJѭӡL 0ӻ ÿm EҧR FӵX
7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX NK{QJ ÿѭӧF QyL Ju YӅ OLrQ KӋ JLӳD +RD
.Ǥ Yj 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD Wӯ NKL JLD ÿuQK {QJ GӑQ VDQJ 0ӻ QăP
WӟL NKL {QJ Wӯ WUҫQ QăP /j PӝW QJѭӡL WkP Vӵ WKkQ WtQ FӫD {QJ
7KLӋX WUrQ EѭӟF ÿѭӡQJ VӕQJ OѭX YRQJ *6 +ѭQJ QyL UҵQJ ³ W{L NK{QJ
WLQ Oj NKL GӑQ VDQJ 0ӻ {QJ 7KLӋX ÿm Eӏ iS OӵF QjR EҳW SKҧL \rQ OһQJ Yu
ÿy Oj WKӡL FӫD WәQJ 7KӕQJ 5HDJDQ Yj {QJ 5HDJDQ UҩW ѭX iL 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
7KLӋX &y OӁ Yu SKҫQ QjR FӫD Vӵ ѭX iL ÿy Pj {QJ 7KLӋX GӑQ QKj VDQJ
+RD .Ǥ VӕQJ ´

1JKH [HP EҵQJ 5HDO 3OD\HU KRһF :LQGRZV 0HGLD 3OD\HU

ÐQJ 7KLӋX ÿm WkP Vӵ YӟL {QJ +ѭQJ UҵQJ ³NKL YӯD ÿӃQ ĈjL /RDQ YjR
QJj\ WKiQJ 7ѭ QăP SKiL ÿRjQ W\ WQJ ÿm Eӏ QKkQ YLrQ 0ӻ
NKiP [pW KӃW KjQK Oê Yj WӏFK WKX KӃW JLҩ\ Wӡ Yu Kӑ FKӍ Vӧ Kӗ Vѫ 7KLӋX
Nixon lӑW UD QJRjL´

ÐQJ +ѭQJ WKXұW WLӃS OӡL {QJ 7KLӋX ³&zQ FKX\ӋQ FiL FһS Eӏ ÿiQK
FҳS QӳD Yu Kӑ WѭӣQJ UҵQJ Kӗ Vѫ ÿӇ WURQJ ÿy FKӭ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj ÿӇ OөF

104 LONG ĐIỀN

[pW WLӅQ ´

7X\ QKLrQ {QJ +ѭQJ QyL ³3KtD {QJ .LVVLQJHU Yj ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ +zD
PXӕQ JLҩX Kӗ Vѫ ÿy ÿL FKR QrQ Fy WKӇ Kӑ ÿm \rX FҫX 77 7KLӋX JLӳ LP
OһQJ ´

7KHR *6 +ѭQJ {QJ 7KLӋX NK{QJ PXӕQ YLӃW KӗL Nê Yu “sau khi tôi
OjP OmQK ÿ̩R FͯD PL͉Q 1DP J̯Q QăP W{L EL͇W TXi QKL͉X FKX\͏Q Yj
NKL W{L QyL FiL KD\ WKu W{L FNJQJ SK̫L QyL FiL Gͧ QͷD ´

ÐQJ 7KLӋX ÿѭӧF FKR Oj ÿm QyL ³1J˱ͥL 0Ϳ ÿm SK̫Q E͡L PuQK U͛L
FKR QrQ PuQK FNJQJ NK{QJ QrQ Y̩FK iR FKR QJ˱ͥL [HP O˱QJ Yj W{L
FK̻QJ F̯Q ÿ͋ ê WͣL G˱ OX̵Q 0Ϳ QͷD ´ 7KHR JLiR Vѭ +ѭQJ ÿy Oj Oê GR
FKtQK WҥL VDR {QJ 7KLӋX NK{QJ PXӕQ YLӃW KӗL Nê

7UѭӟF ÿk\ NKL ÿѭӧF *6 +ѭQJ \rX FҫX QyL U} YӅ Yө WҩQ YjQJ {QJ
7KLӋX QyL ³7{L ÿm OjP KӃW VӭF PuQK UӗL FKR QrQ G Fy QyL UD WKu QJѭӡL
ÿӡL VӁ QyL UҵQJ W{L Fӕ WuQK FKҥ\ WӝL Pj WK{L ´

7ăQJ TXkQ Oj ÿӇ U~W OXL"

*6 1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ +ѭQJ FKR ELӃW WURQJ QKӳQJ OҫQ ÿjP OXұQ WҥL /XkQ
Ĉ{Q {QJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿm FKR UҵQJ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 0ӻ -RKQVRQ
PӝW QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF FKR Oj OұS WUѭӡQJ GLӅX KkX ³ÿHP TXkQ YjR 9L͏W 1DP
Oj ÿ͋ WK˱˯QJ O˱ͫQJ ͧ WK͇ P̩QK ´

9jR ÿҫX QăP NKL {QJ -RKQVRQ OrQ WKD\ FKR 77 .HQQHG\ Eӏ
iP ViW FKtQK SKӫ 0ӻ ÿm FKR Eӝ WUѭӣQJ 0F1DPDUD VDQJ 9LӋW 1DP KӭD
ÿӫ ÿLӅX UӗL ÿӅ QJKӏ ELӋQ SKiS UҩW PҥQK WURQJ ÿy \rX FҫX FKtQK SKӫ
9LӋW 1DP ÿһW 0LӅQ 1DP YjR WKӃ FKLӃQ WUDQK EҵQJ PӝW OӋQK WәQJ ÿӝQJ
YLrQ ÿӇ ³PѭX FҫX PӝW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ FӝQJ VҧQ´

6DX ÿy 0ӻ WăQJ TXkQ YLӋQ FKR PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP Yj ÿӗQJ WKӡL
Pӣ UD FiF FKLӃQ GӏFK QKѭ Oj 0NJL 7rQ /rQ YjR WKiQJ 7iP FQJ QăP UӗL
ÿӃQ FKLӃQ GӏFK 3KL 7LrX /ӱD RDQK WҥF PLӅQ %ҳF UҩW Gӳ GӝL

ĈӃQ WKiQJ %D QăP TXkQ ÿӝL 0ӻ ÿә Eӝ OrQ Ĉj 1ҹQJ Yj EѭӟF
WKiQJ 7ѭ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ -RKQVRQ WX\rQ Eӕ VӁ ӣ OҥL PLӅQ 1DP ³EDR QKLrX
OkX FzQ FҫQ WKLӃW YӟL EҩW Fӭ VӭF PҥQK QjR FzQ FҫQ WKLӃW YӟL EҩW Fӭ
QJX\ KLӇP QjR SKt WәQ QjR´ QKѭ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ .HQQHG\ ÿm QyL ³:H
VKDOO EHDU DQ\ EXUGHQ´ NKL QKұP FKӭF

7KiQJ 6iX QăP 77 -RKQVRQ ÿm JӣL Yӏ WѭӟQJ NLQK QJKLӋP
QKҩW FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL 0ӻ Oj WѭӟQJ :HVWPRUHODQG ÿӃQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӇ FKӍ KX\
TXkQ ÿӝL Yj PӝW WKiQJ VDX ÿm Eә QKLӋP PӝW Yӏ WѭӟQJ NKiF Oj 0D[ZHOO
7D\ORU OjP ÿҥL Vӭ +RD .Ǥ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP

7URQJ EӕL FҧQK ÿy {QJ 7KLӋX OrQ OjP &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ %DQ /mQK ĈҥR

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 105

4XӕF *LD YjR WKiQJ 6iX QăP

7KHR *6 +ѭQJ {QJ 7KLӋX Yj FiF WѭӟQJ OmQK ÿӅX WKҩ\ UҵQJ 0ӻ
TX\ӃW FKLӃQ Yj TX\ӃW WKҳQJ WҥL PLӅQ QDP 9LӋW 1DP

1KѭQJ FKҷQJ Pҩ\ FKӕF VDX ÿy %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ 0F1DPDUD OҥL UӍ WDL {QJ
7KLӋX Yj QyL Oj SKҧL Wә FKӭF EҫX Fӱ WәQJ WKӕQJ Yj EҫX Fӱ TXӕF KӝL FKR
VӟP ÿӇ FzQ ÿLӅX ÿuQK YӟL 0һW 7UұQ JLҧL 3KyQJ 0LӅQ 1DP

0mL VDX Qj\ YӟL WKӡL JLDQ {QJ 7KLӋX PӟL FKLrP QJKLӋP FkX ³ÿHP
TXkQ YjR ÿ͋ ÿL͉X ÿuQK ͧ WK͇ P̩QK ´ Yj ³ÿHP TXkQ YjR Oj ÿ͋ U~W TXkQ
ÿL ´

&XӝF FKLӃQ µӫ\ QKLӋP¶

7UѭӟF NKL ÿҳF Fӱ WәQJ WKӕQJ 0ӻ {QJ 1L[RQ ÿm WӯQJ QyL FXӝF FKLӃQ
WҥL 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FXӝF FKLӃQ JLӳD KDL PLӅQ QDP EҳF 9LӋW
Nam, hay là giӳD +RD .Ǥ Yj &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Pj WKӵF Vӵ UD Oj PӝW
FXӝF FKLӃQ JLӳD +RD .Ǥ Yj 7UXQJ 4XӕF

7KHR *6 +ѭQJ WKu 76 .LVVLQJHU Yj 77 1L[RQ FKR UҵQJ WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ
Vӵ WKjQK F{QJ FӫD +RD .Ǥ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP ÿm JL~S FKR FKLӃQ OѭӧF FӫD +RD
.Ǥ ÿӕL YӟL 7UXQJ 4XӕF

*6 +ѭQJ QyL UҵQJ WKHR QKѭ Vӵ VX\ QJKƭ FӫD KDL QJѭӡL Qj\ WKu ³FNJQJ
Yu Vӵ FӭQJ UҳQ FӫD +RD .Ǥ PDQJ QӱD WULӋX TXkQ WӟL 9LӋW 1DP UӗL [~F
WLӃQ FKѭѫQJ WUuQK 9LӋW 1DP KyD FXӝF FKLӃQ Pj ÿm WKX\ӃW SKөF 7UXQJ
4XӕF Pӣ FӱD EDQJ JLDR YӟL +RD .Ǥ ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD 77 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 1975
WyP OѭӧF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ

&XӝF FKLӃQ WҥL 0LӅQ 1DP 91 Oj PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ Wӵ YӋ GR SKiá
&6%9 FKӫ PѭX WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP 7Uҧ OӡL SKӓQJ YҩQ FӫD ÿài phát
WKDQK %%& WUѭӟF NKL Nê KLӋS ÿӏQK QJѭQJ EҳQ 777 ÿm QyL :

³7{L QJKƭ UҵQJ Wӵ GR Yj PӝW FXӝF VӕQJ WӕW ÿҽS KѫQ FӫD WULӋX
UѭӥL GkQ FK~QJ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP NK{QJ QKӳQJ FKR WKӃ KӋ Qày mà
FzQ FKR WKӃ KӋ PDL VDX 7{L QJKƭ UҵQJ ÿy Oj FiL JLi Pj GkQ FK~QJ PLӅQ
Nam ViӋW 1DP ÿm WUҧ .K{QJ PӝW DL WKtFK FKLӃQ WUDQK. BҧQ WKkQ W{L
FNJQJ NK{QJ WKtFK FKLӃQ WUDQK &y QJѭӡL QyL YӟL W{L UҵQJ Kӑ FKӕQJ FKLӃQ
WUDQK Yj W{L FNJQJ QyL Kӑ UҵQJ W{L FNJQJ FKӕQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK”.

ÐQJ WLQ WѭӣQJ YjR 7ӵ 'R 'kQ &Kӫ YjR FKtQK QJKLm 4XӕF *LD
“Tôi nghƭ UҵQJ NKL GkQ FK~QJ WҥL PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP Fy WKӇ Wӵ GR SKiW
ELӇX PӝW FiFK GkQ FKӫ Pj NK{QJ Vӧ Eӏ FӝQJ VҧQ FҳW Fә FKһW ÿҫX WKì tôi
Fy WKӇ EҧR ÿҧP YӟL {QJ UҵQJ WRjQ WKӇ GkQ FK~QJ ӣ PLӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP
ÿӅX FKӑQ Wӵ GR 30”

106 LONG ĐIỀN

4XD TXӕF ViFK &KLrX +ӗL GR {QJ WKӵF KLӋQ Yj ÿҥW WKành công
Yҿ YDQJ WD WKҩ\ {QJ Fy WҩP OzQJ QKkQ iL NK{QJ PXӕQ QKuQ WKҩ\ FDQK
FKLӃQ WUDQK JLӃW FKyF JuӳD QJѭӡL 9LӋW YӟL QKDX QrQ ÿm GQJ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL
&KLrX +ӗL Pӣ VLQK Oӝ FKR QKӳQJ FiQ ELQK 9LӋW &ӝQJ OҫP ÿѭӡQJ OҥF
OӕL WUӣ YӅ YӟL FKtQK QJKLm 4XӕF *LD FKҩP GӭW FҧQK QӗL GD [iR WKӏW

7URQJ QKӳQJ QJj\ ELӃQ ÿӝQJ WUѭӟF WKiQJ Wѭ G Fy QKӳQJ
kP PѭX iP ViW ÿH GӑD Wӯ SKLi ĈӗQJ 0LQK ÿH GӑD Wӯ SKLi FiF WѭӟQJ
OmQK ÿӕL OұS iS OӵF TXkQ Vӵ QJj\ FjQJ JLD WăQJ FӫD &691 QKѭQJ {QJ
1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX YүQ EuQK WӍQK ÿӇ SKҧQ F{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ PһF Gù ngân
sách viӋQ WUӧ FӫD ÿӗQJ PLQK VX\ JLҧP WUҫP WUӑQJ VR YӟL Vӵ FKL YLӋQ ӗ
ҥW Wӯ SKLi &ӝQJ VҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ ÐQJ ÿm JLӳ ÿ~QJ FѭѫQJ Yӏ FӫD PӝW WәQJ
WKӕQJ EҧR YӋ TX\ӅQ OӧL Yj WKDQK GDQK FӫD 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +Rà, sau
FQJ WURQJ WuQK WKӃ KLӇQ QKLrQ NK{QJ FzQ K\ YӑQJ Ju FӭX YӟW 91&+ WKì
{QJ PӟL FKҩS QKұQ UD ÿL FKtQK WKӭF 31sau khi bàn giao chӭF Yө FKR 3Ky
7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ

ĈҥL ÿD Vӕ QJѭӡL GkQ 0LӅQ 1DP VDX Qҫ\ TXD FiF WjL OLӋX JLҧL PұW
FӫD WKӃ JLӟL ÿm WK{QJ FҧP QKӳQJ QӛL NKy NKăQ QJX\ QDQ Pj {QJ SKҧL
JiQK FKӏX WUѭӟF PӝW ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿm OҫP NKL KӧS WiF YӟL PӝW ÿӗQJ PLQK
SKҧQ WUҳF32 ÐQJ NK{QJ WKӇ OjP Ju NKiF KѫQ NK{QJ Fy OӵD FKӑQ Qào
NKiF KѫQ 6ӕ SKұQ PӝW QѭӟF QKѭӧF WLӇX NK{QJ WKӇ Wӵ PuQK ÿӭQJ UD

FKӕQJ OҥL OjQ VyQJ ÿӓ FӫD Fҧ PӝW WұS ÿRjQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 107

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ

7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ

7LӇX Vӱ
*LiR Vѭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ VLQK QăP WҥL OjQJ /RQJ &KkX QD\
WKXӝF TXұQ &KkX 7KjQK WKӏ [m 9ƭQK /RQJ WӍQK 9ƭQK /RQJ WURQJ PӝW
JLD ÿuQK QJKqR 1Kӡ KӑF JLӓL Yj ÿѭӧF Vӵ K\ VLQK FӫD JLD ÿuQK FұX KӑF
VLQK 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF UD +j 1ӝL KӑF WUѭӡQJ &DR ÿҷQJ 6ѭ 3KҥP
6DX NKL WӕW QJKLӋS {QJ JLiR 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF Eә YӅ Gҥ\ WҥL
WUѭӡQJ /H 0\UOH GH 9LOHUV WҥL 0ӻ 7KR FNJQJ Oj QJ{L WUѭӡQJ FNJ Pj {QJ
ÿm WKHR KӑF Pҩ\ QăP WUѭӟF 7KӡL JLDQ {QJ +ѭѫQJ Oj JLiR
Vѭ Gҥ\ P{Q YăQ FKѭѫQJ Yj OXұQ Oê WҥL WUѭӡQJ Qj\ ÐQJ Oj PӝW WKҫ\ JLiR
ÿm WӯQJ ÿjR WҥR QKLӅX KӑF WUz QәL WLӃQJ
&iFK PҥQJ WKiQJ 7iP Qә UD {QJ WKDP JLD FKtQK TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 0LQK
YӟL Wѭ FiFK QKkQ Vƭ Wӵ GR .KL 3KiS WiL FKLӃP Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ {QJ ÿѭӧF
Fӱ JLӳ FKӭF &Kӫ WӏFK Ӫ\ EDQ +jQK FKtQK .KiQJ FKLӃQ WӍQK 7k\ 1LQK
7X\ QKLrQ QăP {QJ Eӓ YӅ TXr Yj WX\rQ Eӕ EҩW KӧS WiF YӟL Fҧ
FKtQK TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 0LQK OүQ 3KiS VӕQJ ҭQ GұW FKR ÿӃQ QăP
6DX +LӋS ÿӏQK *HQqYH QăP {QJ UD OjP Ĉ{ WUѭӣQJ 6jL *zQ
WURQJ FKtQK TX\ӅQ FӫD 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP PӝW WKӡL JLDQ QJҳQ
&y PӝW JLDL WKRҥL QәL WLӃQJ YӅ ÿӭF WKDQK OLrP FӫD {QJ Oj NKL ÿӃQ ÿiR
QKұP FKӭF Yө ÿ{ WUѭӣQJ 6DL *zQ {QJ ÿm ÿL OjP EҵQJ [H ÿҥS 6DX ÿy
{QJ Wӯ FKӭF ÿӇ SKҧQ ÿӕL FKtQK ViFK ÿӝF WjL JLD ÿuQK WUӏ FӫD 1J{ ĈuQK
'LӋP 1ăP {QJ FQJ QKkQ Vƭ WKjQK OұS QKyP 7ӵ 'R 7LӃQ %ӝ

108 LONG ĐIỀN

Wә FKӭF KӑS EiR WҥL NKiFK VҥQ &DUDYHOOH WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oà “nhóm
Caravelle”), chính thӭF [iF QKұQ ÿӕL OұS FKtQK TX\ӅQ .KL FXӝF ÿҧR
FKtQK FӫD ÿҥL Wi 1JX\ӉQ &KiQK 7KL FҫP ÿҫX Qә UD QKyP ÿm WX\rQ Eӕ
ӫQJ Kӝ 9u WKӃ {QJ FQJ Yӏ QKkQ Vƭ QKyP &DUDYHOOH Eӏ FKtQK TX\ӅQ
EҳW JLDP 7URQJ W {QJ Fy YLӃW PӝW WұS WKѫ Oҩ\ Wên là “Lao trung lãnh
YұQ´ WӭF ³1KӳQJ YҫQ WKѫ OҥQK OӁR ӣ WURQJ W´

6DX NKL FKtQK TX\ӅQ 1J{ ĈuQK 'LӋP Eӏ OұW ÿә QăP {QJ OҥL
ÿѭӧF Fӱ JLӳ FKӭF Ĉ{ WUѭӣQJ 6jL *zQ OҫQ WKӭ KDL .K{QJ OkX VDX QJày
WKiQJ QăP {QJ OҥL ÿѭӧF 4XӕF WUѭӣQJ 3KDQ .KҳF 6ӱX PӡL
JLӳ JKӃ 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ

7X\ QKLrQ FKtQK SKӫ FӫD {QJ FKӍ WӗQ WҥL ÿѭӧF FKѭD ÿҫ\ WKiQJ
1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK OҥL OjP FKӍQK Oê OұW
ÿә FKtQK TX\ӅQ GkQ Vӵ 4XӕF WUѭӣQJ 3KDQ .KҳF 6ӱX Eӏ WUXҩW SKӃ ÐQJ
FNJQJ Eӏ EҳW Yj TXҧQ WK~F PӝW WKӡL JLDQ ӣ 9NJQJ 7jX

1ăP ÿӇ WҥR ҧQK KѭӣQJ 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX ÿã
PӡL {QJ UD OjP 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ OҫQ WKӭ KDL 1ăP {QJ FQJ 1JX\ӉQ
9ăQ 7KLӋX OLrQ GDQK EҫX Fӱ Yj ÿҳF Fӱ FKӭF Yө 3Ky WәQJ WKӕQJ QKLӋP
NǤ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WUѭӟF iS OӵF TXkQ Vӵ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Yà
sӵ FҳW JLҧP FKL YLӋQ TXkQ Vӵ FӫD ÿӗQJ PLQK 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ
7KLӋX SKҧL WX\rQ Eӕ Wӯ FKӭF Yj WUDR TX\ӅQ OҥL FKR 3Ky WәQJ WKӕQJ 7UҫQ
9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÐQJ +ѭѫQJ FNJQJ FKӍ QҳP FKӭF Yө WURQJ QJày. Ngày 28
WKiQJ {QJ ÿm WUDR TX\ӅQ OmQK ÿҥR FKR WѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK ÐQJ
ÿѭӧF [HP Oj Yӏ WәQJ WKӕQJ GkQ Vӵ FXӕL FQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ Kòa.
ÐQJ PҩW QJj\ WKiQJ QăP QKҵP QJj\ PӗQJ ED 7ӃW 1KkP
7XҩW KѭӣQJ WKӑ WXәL33.

.ҿ Vƭ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ 1Jj\ 7KiQJ 7ѭ QăP çҥL 6ӭ
0DUWLQ ÿӃQ SKӫ SKy WәQJ WKӕQJ ÿѭӡQJ &{QJ /ê ÿӇ PӡL 7әQJ 7KӕQJ
+ѭѫQJ UD ÿL

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm QyL YӟL çҥL 6ӭ 0DUWLQ UҵQJ ³7{L Oj QJѭӡL
OmQK ÿҥR KjQJ ÿҫX FӫD Kӑ QKkQ GkQ PLӅQ 1DP W{L ӣ OҥL YӟL Kӑ ÿӇ FKLD
Vҿ YӟL Kӑ PӝW SKҫQ QjR QLӅP ÿDX ÿӟQ WӫL QKөF QӛL WKӕQJ NKә FӫD QJѭӡL
GkQ PҩW QѭӟF ´

7UѭӟF ÿy Fө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ FNJQJ ÿm QyL YӟL çҥL 6ӭ 0HULOORQ
“7{L FK͑ Vͫ P̭W Q˱ͣF SK̫L V͙QJ O˱X ÿj\ ͧ [ͱ QJ˱ͥL WD ´

1ăP &ӝQJ 6ҧQ PXӕQ WUҧ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FKR Fө Fө NKҷQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 109

NKiL WUҧ OӡL WURQJ PӝW EӭF WKѭ JӣL FKR FKtQK TX\ӅQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ “...
&KͳQJ QjR QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL W̵S WUXQJ F̫L W̩R ÿ˱ͫF Y͉ K͇W FKͳQJ QjR K͕
QK̵Q ÿ˱ͫF ÿ̯\ ÿͯ TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ FKͳQJ ÿy W{L Vͅ Oj QJ˱ͥL FX͙L Fùng,
VDX K͕ QK̵Q TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ FKR Fi QKkQ W{L ´

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ Nҿ Vƭ FXӕL FQJ FӫD PLӅQ 1DP PҩW QăP
YүQ Oj PӝW F{QJ GkQ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD

“Tôi xin phép tͳ FK͙L 7{L NK{QJ QK̵Q FiL TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ Q̯\
D̯X Ju W{L FNJQJ ÿm Oj QJ˱ͥL OmQK ÿ̩R PL͉Q 1DP WURQJ NKL ELQK Vƭ QKkQ
YLrQ FiF F̭S FK͑ Yu WKͳD O͓QK FͯD FK~QJ W{L Pj JLͥ ÿk\ Y̳Q FzQ E͓ JLDP
F̯P WURQJ FiF WU̩L F̫L W̩R FK˱D ÿ˱ͫF WU̫ TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ &K̻QJ Oê Jì,
W{L Oj QJ˱ͥL WUiFK QKL͏P O̩L ÿ˱ͫF WU̫ TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ WU˱ͣF ´ (LӡL
FӵX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ WUҧ OӡL PӝW FiQ Eӝ &6 NKL Kӑ ÿӃQ
QKj ÿӏQK OjP OӉ TXD\ SKLP ³WUҧ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FKR {QJ´ çҥL GLӋQ
FӫD FKtQK TX\ӅQ &6 NK{QJ QJӡ Vӵ WKӇ [ҧ\ UD QKѭ Yұ\ 7ӭF JLұQ Kӑ UD
OӏQK F~S Pi\ WKX WKDQK WKX KuQK 9jL QJj\ VDX Fө QKұQ ÿѭӧF OӏQK TXҧQ
WK~F WҥL JLD QăP

7Uҧ OӡL FKR ĈҥL Vӭ 3KiS W ҥL 91 FXӕL WKiQJ Wѭ {QJ 0pULOORQ
PXӕQ JL~S {QJ ÿL UD QJRҥL TXӕF WUѭӟF NKL &6 FKLӃP 0LӅQ 1DP 77
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm QyL NKҷQJ NKiL

³ ÐQJ ç̩L Vͱ j 7XL ÿkX Fy QJiQ 9L͏W &͡QJ 1y PX͙Q ÿiQK WXL
ÿiQK WͣL FQJ 7XL NK{QJ PX͙Q O˱X YRQJ [ͱ QJ˱ͥL 1͇X WUͥL K̩L Q˱ͣF
WXL WXL [LQ WK͉ ͧ O̩L Yj P̭W WKHR Q˱ͣF Qj\ ´

çӃQ QJj\ VҳS PҩW QѭӟF ÿҥL Vӭ 0DUWLQ FzQ ÿӃQ JһS Fө +ѭѫQJ Yj
nói:

³1JjL ÿL YӟL W{L VDQJ 0ӻ &KiQK SKӫ 0ӻ VӁ QX{L GѭӥQJ 1JjL VXӕW
ÿӡL W{L QKkQ GDQK FKiQK SKӫ +RD .Ǥ ÿӃQ PӡL 7әQJ 7KӕQJ UD NKӓL
QѭӟF YӟL EҩW Fӭ SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ QjR Pj QJjL PXӕQ &KiQK SKӫ FK~QJ W{L
FDP NӃW EҧR ÿҧP FKR 1JjL PӝW ÿӡL VӕQJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ YӟL FѭѫQJ Yӏ WәQJ
WKӕQJ FKR WӟL QJj\ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ PmQ SKҫQ´

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ PӍP FѭӡL WUҧ OӡL WLӃQJ 3KiS

³ 7K˱D QJjL ÿ̩L Vͱ W{L EL͇W WuQK WU̩QJ KL͏Q QD\ ṶW Oj QJX\ KL͋P
Ðã ÿ͇Q Q͟L QK˱ Y̵\ 0Ϳ FNJQJ Fy SK̯Q WUiFK QKL͏P WURQJ ÿy 1D\ {QJ
Ð̩L 6ͱ ÿ͇Q PͥL W{L O\ K˱˯QJ W{L ṶW F̫P ˯Q {QJ ç̩L Vͱ 1K˱QJ W{L ÿã
suy nghƭ NͿ Yj TX\͇W ÿ͓QK GͱW NKRiW ͧ O̩L Q˱ͣF W{L 7{L FNJQJ G˱ EL͇W
U̹QJ &6 YjR ÿ˱ͫF 6DLJRQ WKu EDR QKLrX ÿDX NK͝ QKͭF QKm Vͅ WU~W
xu͙QJ ÿ̯X GkQ FK~QJ PL͉Q 1DP 7{L Oj QJ˱ͥL OmQK ÿ̩R ÿͱQJ KjQJ

110 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿ̯X FͯD K͕ W{L WuQK QJX\͏Q ͧ O̩L FKLD [̓ P͡W SK̯Q QjR QL͉P ÿDX ÿͣQ
WͯL QKͭF Q͟L WK͙QJ NK͝ FͯD QJ˱ͥL GkQ P̭W Q˱ͣF &iP ˯Q {QJ ç̩L
Sͱ ÿm ÿ͇Q WKăP W{L 34.

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭRQJ WUѭӟF 1JX\ &ѫ 0ҩW 1ѭӟF EjL FӫD 1JX\ӉQ
&KiQK 7UӵF &ӵX 7UѭӣQJ SKzQJ 4XkQ Yө 9} 3KzQJ 3Kӫ 3Ky 7әQJ
7KӕQJ

7Kӭ ED 7KiQJ

http://www.diendannguoidanvietnam.com/index.
php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8092:c-trn-vn-hong-trc-
nguy-c-mt-nc-nguyn-chanh-trc&catid=69:gii-thiu-sach&Itemid=13

%ҧ\ QJj\ VDX NKL EjQ JLDR YӟL WәQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX &ө
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ SKҧL FKҩS QKұQ EjQ JLDR FKR WѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0ình
WKHR GLӉQ WLӃQ QKѭ VDX

1Jj\ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX Wӯ FKӭF &ө 7UҫQ
9ăQ +ѭѫQJ QKұQ OmQK FKӭF Yө 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD

1Jj\ ĈҥL 6ӭ 0DUWLQ \ӃW NLӃQ Yj WK{QJ EiR FKR &ө +ѭѫQJ
YӅ iS OӵF FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ %ҳF 9LӋW Yj NKҧ QăQJ FӫD FӝQJ TXkQ WҩQ F{QJ
vào Saigon.

1Jj\ 4XӕF +ӝL 91&+ KӑS Yj ELӇX TX\ӃW YLӋF WUDR TX\ӅQ
OҥL FKR 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK

1Jj\ YjR O~F FKLӅX &ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ WUDR TX\ӅQ
OҥL FKR 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK WKHR TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FӫD TXӕF KӝL

7URQJ EjL GLӉQ YăQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿӑF WUѭӟF TXӕF
KӝL QJj\ FK~QJ WD WKҩ\ U} UjQJ &ө NK{QJ WKRiW NKӓL iS OӵF
TXi PҥQK FӫD QJѭӡL EҥQ ÿӗQJ PLQK +RD .Ǥ Yj FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ %ҳF 9LӋW
Pj 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK ÿѭӧF [ҳS [ӃS QKѭ Oj PӝW FRQ Fӡ FKtQK WUӏ
ÿӇ OjP QKLӋP Yө [yD Eӓ FKtQK TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD &K~ng ta
Km\ QKӟ OҥL QKӳQJ Ju &ө +ѭѫQJ ÿm SKiW ELӇX Fy WtQK FiFK OӏFK Vӱ WURQJ
EjL GLӉQ YăQ WҥL 4XӕF +ӝL GѭӟL Vӵ KLӋQ GLӋQ ÿҫ\ ÿӫ GkQ ELӇX Yj WKѭӧQJ
QJKӏ Vƭ &ө +ѭѫQJ ÿm FKR ELӃW UҵQJ &ө FKӍ PXӕQ FKӍ ÿӏQK ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ
'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK WURQJ YDL WUz WKӫ WѭӟQJ QKѭQJ 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ
0LQK YүQ NKăQJ NKăQJ ÿzL &ө +ѭѫQJ SKҧL WUDR TX\ӅQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ ÿӇ
FKR 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK ÿӇ {QJ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW YӟL ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ &ө
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm \rX FҫX 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK FKҩS QKұQ YDL WUò
7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ ÿӇ ÿӭQJ UD WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW YӟL SKtD ErQ NLD

1KѭQJ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK YүQ QKҩW TX\ӃW ÿzL FKӭF Yө

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 111

7әQJ 7KӕQJ FKӭ NK{QJ QKұQ YDL WUz 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 0LQK QyL

³ 7Kҫ\ ÿm K\ VLQK ÿӃQ QѭӟF Qҫ\ QD\ [LQ WKҫ\ K\ VLQK PӝW OҫQ QӳD
ÿӇ WUDR WUӑQ TX\ӅQ FKR W{L ´

7UѭӟF iS OӵF Wӯ PӑL SKtD &ө +ѭѫQJ YүQ Fӕ JLӳ FKӫ TX\ӅQ FӫD PӝW
FKtQK WKӇ PLӅQ 1DP WKHR KLӃQ SKiS FӫD QӅQ ĈӋ 1Kӏ &ӝQJ +zD &ө
+ѭѫQJ SKiW ELӇX QKѭ VDX

³ 1ѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP FK~QJ WD PһF G PҩW ÿL UҩW QKLӅX UӗL QKѭQJ FăQ
EҧQ SKiS Oê YүQ FzQ 4XӕF +ӝL YүQ FzQ ÿk\ +LӃQ 3KiS YүQ FzQ ÿk\ W{L
NK{QJ WKӇ OjP PӝW FKX\ӋQ TXD PһW 4XӕF +ӝL Yj YL SKҥP +LӃQ 3KiS
9m OҥL FiL TX\ӅQ KLӋQ WҥL ӣ WURQJ WD\ W{L Oj PӝW FiL TX\ӅQ GR QѫL +LӃQ
3KiS ҩQ ÿӏQK Ĉk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oj FiL NKăQ PRXFKRLU Ĉk\ NK{QJ SKҧL Oà
PӝW Wӡ JLҩ\ EҥF Wӯ ӣ WURQJ WD\ W{L W{L PyF ÿѭD FKR ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ O~F Qào
FNJQJ ÿѭӧF 7{L NK{QJ WKӇ OjP QKѭ Yұ\ ÿѭӧF 7{L SKҧL WUuQK FKR 4XӕF
+ӝL ÿӇ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ´

7UѭӟF NKL WUDR TX\ӅQ FKR ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK &ө +ѭѫQJ
ÿm Wӓ UD QJKL QJӡ YӅ YDL WUz FӫD 7ѭӟQJ 0LQK NKL ÿӭQJ UD WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW
Fө QyL

³ 7KѭD TXê Yӏ

ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ FKR UҵQJ ÐQJ Fy WKӇ QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ Yu Kӑ
FKҩS QKұQ QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &iL FKX\ӋQ Qҫ\ W{L NK{QJ WKӇ WLQ
ÿѭӧF FKR ÿӃQ NKL QjR W{L QҳP ÿѭӧF EҵQJ Fӟ FKtQK [iF 1KѭQJ W{L WKLӃW
QJKƭ WURQJ FXӝF WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW Qҫ\ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ SKҧL Oj PӝW QJѭӡL ÿѭӧF
Vӵ ӫ\ QKLӋP FӫD 4XӕF +ӝL ÿӭQJ UD WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW 1ӃX Pj ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ
Wӵ QKLrQ ÿL QyL FKX\ӋQ YӟL SKtD ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ ;LQ OӛL ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ ÿӃQ QyL
FKX\ӋQ YӟL GDQK QJKƭD Ju" ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR DL Yj YӟL QKӳQJ ÿLӅX NLӋQ Ju"

&ө +ѭѫQJ QKҩQ PҥQK

7{L NK{QJ WKӇ FKҩS QKұQ ÿLӅX NLӋQ WLrQ TX\ӃW FӫD ÿӕL SKѭѫQJ Oj Fӱ
QJѭӡL ÿӕL WKRҥL WKHR ê FӫD Kӑ

6DX NKL YҥFK U} FKR 4XӕF +ӝL WKҩ\ FiL QJX\ Fѫ PҩW QѭӟF QӃX 4XӕF
+ӝL FKҩS WKXұQ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK QӃX 4XӕF +ӝL NK{QJ
FKҩS QKұQ WKu &ө NKҷQJ ÿӏQK &KLQK TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD VӁ WLӃS
WөF FKLӃQ ÿҩX &ө +ѭѫQJ QyL QKѭ VDX

³1ӃX TXê Yӏ NK{QJ FKҩS QKұQ Yu ÿk\ Oj PӝW ÿLӅX NLӋQ TXi ÿiQJ
PӝW ÿLӅX NLӋQ FӫD QJѭӡL WKҳQJ WUұQ iS ÿһW FKR QJѭӡL EҥL WUұQ WKì chúng
WD NK{QJ FzQ FiFK Ju NKiF KѫQ Oj O~F ÿy SKҧL FKLӃQ ÿҩX WӟL FQJ PһF
GҫX FiL WKjQK 6DLJRQ Qj\ VӁ ELӃQ WKjQK ELӇQ PiX ´

112 LONG ĐIỀN

1KѭQJ FXӕL FQJ WKHR ÿD Vӕ SKLӃX FӫD QKyP FKӫ KzD WURQJ 4XӕF
+ӝL &ө +ѭѫQJ ÿjQK SKҧL WUDR TX\ӅQ FKR ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK

&ө SKҧL WUӣ OҥL SKӫ 3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ ÿӇ WLӃS ÿҥL Vӭ 0DUWLQ ÿk\
Oj OҫQ FXӕL FQJ Pj ĈҥL 6ӭ 0DUWLQ WKX\ӃW SKөF &ө UD ÿL QKѭQJ &ө ÿã
QyL WKҷQJ YjR ĈҥL 6ӭ 0DUWLQ QKѭ VDX

³7KѭD QJjL ĈҥL 6ӭ W{L ELӃW WuQK WUҥQJ KLӋQ QD\ Oj QJX\ KLӇP Ĉã
ÿӃQ ÿәL QKѭ Yұ\ +RD .Ǥ FNJQJ Fy SKҫQ WUiFK QKLӋP WURQJ WuQK WUҥQJ
Qҫ\ 1D\ {QJ ĈҥL 6ӭ PӡL W{L O\ KѭѫQJ W{L UҩW FiP ѫQ {QJ ĈҥL 6ӭ
1KѭQJ W{L ÿm VX\ QJKƭ Yj TX\ӃW ÿӏQK GӭW NKRiW ӣ OҥL QѭӟF W{L 7{L FNJQJ
Gѭ ELӃW FӝQJ VҧQ FKLӃP 6DLJRQ EDR QKLrX ÿDX NKә QKөF QKm VӁ WU~W
[XӕQJ ÿҫX GkQ FK~QJ PLӅQ 1DP 7{L Oj QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR KjQJ ÿҫX FӫD
Kӑ W{L WuQK QJX\ӋQ ӣ OҥL ÿӇ FKLD [ҿ YӟL Kӑ PӝW SKҫQ QjR QLӅP ÿDX ÿӟQ
Yj WӫL QKөF QәL WKӕQJ NKә FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ PҩW QѭӟF &iP ѫQ {QJ ĈҥL
6ӭ ÿm ÿӃQ YLӃQJ W{L ´

&ө QyL WLӃS

³0ҩ\ K{P QD\ Pҩ\ HP UҩW YҩW Yҧ QKѭQJ Ek\ JLӡ ÿҩW QѭӟF Nhông
FzQ WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL FXӝF VӕQJ FiF HP Yj JLD ÿuQK FjQJ YҩW Yҧ KѫQ
.K{QJ ELӃW UӗL WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL QѭӟF PuQK VӁ QKѭ WKӃ Qào. Qua không
FzQ ELӃW OjP VDR KѫQ QӳD Yu Qy YѭӧW TXD PӑL ê PXӕQ FӫD PuQK 7KұW Oà
PӝW Vӵ EҩW KҥQK FKR GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP FӫD PuQK ´

1JӯQJ PӝW OiW &ө QKuQ W{L QyL WLӃS

³7KӡL JLDQ TXD HP Yj PӝW FiF DQK HP TXkQ QKkQ FNJQJ ÿm UҩW PӋW
OR FKR TXD ;LQ FKR TXD JӣL OӡL FiP ѫQ ÿӃQ FiF HP 4XD FҫX FK~F FKR
HP Yj WҩW Fҧ TXkQ QKkQ FQJ JLD ÿuQK ÿѭӧF EuQK DQ Yj PӑL Vӵ PD\ PҳQ
WURQJ WѭѫQJ ODL ´

7{L QKuQ &ө Yj FҧP WKҩ\ WKѭѫQJ &ө Y{ FQJ Fҧ W{L Yj &ө NK{QJ
FҫP ÿѭӧF QѭӟF PҳW 7{L WKҩ\ &ө Fӕ QpQ QӛL EXӗQ WKӍQK WKRҧQJ Oҩ\
NKăQ UD FKұP JLӑW QѭӟF PҳW FKR Qy NKӓL UѫL [XӕQJ &ө PXӕQ QyL QKLӅX
QKѭQJ JLӑQJ QyL QJҳW TXmQJ Yu [~F ÿӝQJ 7URQJ NKL QKuQ TXD &ѭѫQJ WKì
QѭӟF PҳW WX{Q WUjR 7{L QKuQ &ө Yj QyL

³7KѭD &ө [LQ &ө \rQ WkP Oj TXkQ QKkQ YLӋF JLDQ NKә Oj FKX\ӋQ
EuQK WKѭӡQJ [LQ &ө FKӟ EұQ WkP &RQ FҫX [LQ PӑL Vӵ DQ OjQK ÿӃQ YӟL
&ө Yu &ө Oj QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF &RQ Vӧ PӑL Vӵ NK{QJ Oành
ÿӃQ YӟL &ө ´

&ө kQ FҫQ QyL YӟL W{L

³(P ÿӯQJ OR FKR TXD TXD FKӑQ YLӋF ӣ OҥL YӟL ÿҩW QѭӟF Oj TXD FKҩS

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 113

QKұQ WҩW Fҧ PӑL YLӋF NK{QJ PD\ [ҧ\ UD ÿӕL YӟL TXD Qua hiӇX UҵQJ
NKL FӝQJ VҧQ FKLӃP ÿҩW QѭӟF WKu GkQ WuQK VӁ EҩW KҥQK Yj NKӕQ NKә
NK{Q OѭӡQJ &iL FKӃW ÿӕL YӟL TXD Oj YLӋF UҩW EuQK WKѭӡQJ 4XD FKӍ
WKѭѫQJ VLQK OLQK WKӕQJ NKә ´ 7Kҩ\ W{L PmL WUҫP QJkP NKL QKuQ YjR
WKkQ [iF FӫD &ѭѫQJ &ө QyL

³&ѭѫQJ Qy ÿm Eӓ TXD Qy ÿL UӗL TXD FKӍ WLӃF Qy FNJQJ QKѭ HP WXәL
FzQ WUҿ WѭѫQJ ODL FzQ GjL WuQK KuQK QJj\ K{P QD\ UӗL ÿk\ Qy FNJQJ SKҧL
WKD\ ÿәL FiL Ju PҩW OzQJ GkQ WKu VӁ NK{QJ WӗQ Wҥӏ ÿѭӧF ´

1JӯQJ PӝW OiW &ө QyL WLӃS

-“ĈiQJ Oê UD FK~QJ WD WKӕQJ QKҩW ÿҩW QѭӟF Wӯ 1DP UD %ҳF FKӭ
NK{QJ SKҧL Wӯ %ҳF YjR 1DP QKѭQJ YұQ QѭӟF NK{QJ QKѭ PuQK
PRQJ ѭӟF ÿѭӧF 1ѭӟF PuQK FKLӃQ WUDQK ÿm GjL QKѭQJ NKL FKҩP GӭW
WUӡL ÿm NKLӃQ GkQ WӝF Qҫ\ FzQ WLӃS WөF NKә ÿDX EҧQ WKkQ TXD NK{QJ WLӃF
FKӍ WKѭѫQJ FKR GkQ PuQK (P ÿӯQJ OjP QKѭ &ѭѫQJ HP Km\ FDQ ÿҧP
lên nha em...”

&ө QJӯQJ PӝW OiW UӗL &ө QyL WLӃS

³&RQ ÿѭӡQJ HP ÿL VDX Qҫ\ VӁ UҩW FK{QJ JDL GkQ WӝF QjR FzQ
QҵP WURQJ FKӃ ÿӝ FӝQJ VҧQ WKu FzQ ÿDX NKә QKѭQJ FKӃ ÿӝ FӝQJ VҧQ
QjR UӗL FNJQJ VөS ÿә Yu VӁ NK{QJ FzQ WKtFK KӧS VDX Qҫ\ 7ѭѫQJ ODL
GkQ WӝF PuQK UӗL FNJQJ Fy QJj\ WӕW ÿҽS Yұ\ HP Km\ FDQ ÿҧP ÿL WURQJ FRQ
ÿѭӡQJ VҳS WӟL ÿӯQJ QJm OzQJ WUѭӟF QJKӏFK FҧQK QKѭ &ѭѫQJ´

ĈӕL YӟL TXkQ ÿӝL &ө OX{Q OX{Q TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ QKӳQJ NKy NKăQ
Pj DQK HP TXkQ QKkQ ÿDQJ VӕQJ Yj WKHR G}L UҩW ViW WuQK KuQK FKLӃQ Vӵ
&y OҫQ ÿtFK WKkQ W{L ÿѭӧF JLDR QKLӋP Yө PDQJ PӝW Vӕ TXj FӫD &ө WUDR
FKR FiF F{ QKL TXҧ SKө WҥL Vѭ ÿRjQ Eӝ ELQK QKkQ QJj\ Nӹ QLӋP QăP
WKjQK OұS 6ѭ ĈRjQ %ӝ %LQK O~F ҩ\ &KXҭQ 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 4XӕF /ӏFK Oj
Wѭ OӋQK 6ѭ ĈRjQ %ӝ %LQK WҥL /DL .Kr

5ӗL NKL ÿѭӧF WLQ 7ѭӟQJ Ĉӛ &DR 7Ut Eӏ Wӱ QҥQ WUӵF WKăQJ &ө NK{QJ
FҫP ÿѭӧF QѭӟF PҳW &ө QyL

³ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD YӯD PҩW ÿL PӝW WѭӟQJ WjL WURQJ WuQK WKӃ
QJKLrP WUӑQJ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF WUѭӟF Vӵ [kP QKұS Wӯ PLӅQ %ҳF FӫD ÿӏFK
quân.”

7{L QKӟ ÿҥL ~\ &ѭѫQJ ÿm QyL YӟL W{L
³ .KL QJKH WLQ {QJ 7ѭӟQJ 7Ut FKӃW EҩW QJӡ NKL 4XkQ ĈRjQ ÿDQJ
Pӣ FXӝF KjQK TXkQ Yk\ KmP FӝQJ TXkQ NKL FK~QJ GQJ OmQK WKә /jR Yj

114 LONG ĐIỀN

Campuchia xâm nhұS PLӅQ
Nam, ông Già khóc và buӗQ
OҳP ´

Ngoài viӋF EұQ WkP WURQJ
F{QJ YLӋF OmQK ÿҥR ÿҩW QѭӟF
KLӇX U} FKLӃQ WUDQK Oj WjQ EҥR
Yj ÿӡL VӕQJ ELQK Vƭ FzQ QKLӅX
NKy NKăQ &ө +ѭѫQJ FzQ PӝW
WҩP OzQJ QKkQ iL ÿӃQ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL EҩW KҥQK WURQJ [m KӝL
Cө UҩW TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ QKӳQJ
QJѭӡL Eӏ EӋQK SKRQJ FL WҥL WUҥL FL 'L /LQK &ө KLӇX U} ÿӃQ F{QJ VӭF
FӫD QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WұQ Wө\ SKөF Yө QKӳQJ QJѭӡL Eӏ EӋQK Qҫ\ ĈLӇQ Kình
Oj F{QJ ÿӭF Yj OzQJ EiF iL FӫD ĈӭF FKD -HDQ &DVVDLJQH PӝW QJѭӡL Fҧ
PӝW FXӝF ÿӡL GjQK WUӑQ Vӵ WKѭѫQJ \rX ÿӕL YӟL QKӳQJ QJѭӡL PDQJ EӋQK
SKRQJ FL WҥL WUҥL Qҫ\ &ө +ѭѫQJ ÿm ÿӅ Fӱ KDL QKkQ YLrQ FDR FҩS ÿӃQ
WUDR WһQJ PӝW KX\ FKѭѫQJ FDR TXê FӫD FKiQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +òa
FKR ÿӭF FKD -HDQ &DVDLJQH YjR QJj\

.KL FKҩS QKұQ ӣ OҥL ÿҩW QѭӟF &ө KLӇX UҩW U} FiF ÿzQ WUҧ WK FӫD
FӝQJ VҧQ YjR WKjQK SKҫQ TXkQ FiQ FKtQK QrQ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD &ө
ÿm WKҷQJ WKҳQJ Wӯ FKӕL QKұQ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ NKL FKtQK TX\ӅQ FӝQJ VҧQ
9LӋW 1DP Gӵ ÿӏQK WUDR OҥL FKR &ө QKѭ Oj PӝW KuQK WKӭF WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ
&ө Wӯ FKӕL Yj QyL WURQJ EӭF WKѭ ÿӃQ FҩS OmQK ÿҥR FӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP
QKѭ VDX

³ +LӋQ QD\ YүQ FzQ KjQJ WUăP QJjQ QKkQ YLrQ FKӃ ÿӝ FNJ Fҧ
YăQ OүQ Y} Wӯ 3Ky 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ ÿӃQ WәQJ Eӝ WUѭӣQJ FiF WѭӟQJ Oãnh,
TXkQ QKkQ F{QJ FKӭF FiF FҩS FiF FKiQK WUӏ JLD FiF Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR
W{Q JLiR ÿҧQJ SKiL ÿDQJ Eӏ WұS WUXQJ WURQJ FiF WUҥL FҧL WҥR UӍ tai
QJҳQ KҥQ Pj FKR ÿӃQ QD\ YүQ FKѭD WKҩ\ YӅ 7{L Oj QJѭӡL ÿӭQJ ÿҫX
KjQJ OmQK ÿҥR FKiQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD [LQ OmQK KӃW WUiFK
QKLӋP PӝW PuQK 7{L [LQ FKtQK SKӫ PӟL Km\ WKҧ Kӑ YӅ KӃW Yu Kӑ
Oj QKӳQJ QJѭӡL FKӍ ELӃW WKӭD KjQK PӋQK OӋQK FҩS WUrQ Kӑ NK{QJ
Fy WӝL Ju Fҧ &KӯQJ QjR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WұS WUXQJ FҧL WҥR ÿѭӧF YӅ KӃW
FKӯQJ QjR Kӑ QKұQ ÿѭӧF ÿҫ\ ÿӫ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FKӯQJ ÿy W{L VӁ
Oj QJѭӡL FXӕL FQJ VDX Kӑ QKұQ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FKR Fi QKkQ W{L´

&XӝF ÿӡL FӫD &ө +ѭѫQJ Wӯ PӝW QKj P{ SKҥP YҩQ WKkQ Yào các
FѭѫQJ Yӏ OmQK ÿҥR Wӯ KDL OҫQ OjP Ĉ{ 7UѭӣQJ 6DLJRQ KDL OҫQ OjP 7Kӫ
7ѭӟQJ PӝW OҫQ WURQJ FKӭF Yө 7KѭӧQJ 1JKӏ 6ƭ OjP 3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 115

Yj WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FXӕL FQJ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF OjP 7әQJ 7KӕQJ &ө +ѭѫQJ
ÿm WKӇ KLӋQ PӝW ê FKt NLrQ TX\ӃW PӝW WҩP OzQJ VҳW VRQ WKӫ\ FKXQJ YӟL
ÿҩW QѭӟF Yj GkQ WӝF &ө ÿm WKӇ KLӋQ QKѭ PӝW Nҿ Vƭ YӟL ÿҫ\ ÿӫ ê QJKLm
YӟL ÿӭF WtQK WKDQK OLrP WKѭѫQJ GkQ \rX QѭӟF Pj WӟL Ek\ JLӡ NKy Fy
DL OjP ÿѭӧF

1D\ WKu &ө ÿm NK{QJ FzQ QKѭQJ O~F QjR WҩP JѭѫQJ WURQJ ViQJ FӫD
PӝW Nҿ Vƭ VXӕW ÿӡL WұQ Wө\ YӟL GkQ YӟL QѭӟF VӕQJ WKDQK EҫQ OLrP FKtQK
WURQJ PӑL KRjQ FҧQK 7ҩP JѭѫQJ FӫD &ө YӅ OzQJ \rX QѭӟF WKѭѫQJ GkQ
ÿӭF ÿӝ FӫD &ө OjP FKR QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WӯQJ OjP YLӋF YӟL &ө QJѭӥQJ Pӝ
&ө ÿm UD ÿL YjR QJj\ YjR QJj\ QăP 1KkP 7XҩW

7URQJ QLӅP WKѭѫQJ WLӃF &ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ KjQJ QăP FK~QJ W{L
QKӳQJ TXkQ QKkQ PӝW WKӡL OjP YLӋF WҥL SKӫ SKy 7әQJ WKӕQJ WKѭӡQJ WұS
WUXQJ WҥL QKj FӫD ĈҥL ~\ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 1KӵW PӝW Vƭ TXDQ W\ YLrQ OX{Q
OX{Q FұQ NӅ ErQ &ө WURQJ PӑL KRjQ FҧQK ĈҥL Xê 1KӵW WKӡ &ө WUrQ EjQ
WKӡ FӫD JLD ÿuQK Yj WKѭѫQJ \rX &ө QKѭ FKtQK Oj WKkQ SKө FӫD PuQK

&K~QJ W{L WKѭѫQJ NtQK &ө +ѭѫQJ Yu FK~QJ W{L KLӇX UҩW QKLӅX YӅ
&ө PӝW FRQ QJѭӡL WұQ Wө\ YӟL ÿҩW QѭӟF &ө ÿDX FiL ÿDX FKXQJ FӫD GkQ
WӝF NKL SKҧL VӕQJ GѭӟL Vӵ ÿӝF WjL iS EӭF 1KѭQJ ErQ FҥQK QLӅP ÿDX ÿy
&ө FzQ FiL ÿDX ULrQJ Yu PuQK FKѭD KRjQ WKjQK ÿѭӧF WUiFK QKLӋP FӫD
PӝW Nҿ Vƭ WUѭӟF FѫQ TXӕF ELӃQ 1KѭQJ WUѭӟF OӏFK Vӱ &ө ÿm ÿӇ OҥL FKR
KұX WKӃ PӝW WҩP JѭѫQJ WURQJ ViQJ FӫD OzQJ \rX QѭӟF FKkQ FKtQK

&K~QJ W{L OX{Q FҫX QJX\ӋQ FKR &ө +ѭѫQJ QJѭӡL FKiX FӫD &ө ĈҥL
~\ 3KDQ +ӳX &ѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF VӕQJ WURQJ F}L DQ EuQK YӟL OzQJ WKDQK WKҧQ
QKҽ QKjQJ

7KLӃX Wi 1JX\ӉQ &KiQK 7UӵF
&ӵX 7UѭӣQJ SKzQJ 4XkQ Yө
9} 3KzQJ 3Kӫ 3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ

116 LONG ĐIỀN

&ӵX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ
NK{QJ FKӏX GL WҧQ

http://namkyluctinh.org/a-lichsu/tvhuong/tdphong-tvhuongditan.htm

7UҫQ Ĉ{QJ 3KRQJ

7URQJ QJj\ WKiQJ G UҩW EұQ UӝQ WURQJ YLӋF GL WҧQ KjQJ FKөF QJjQ
QJѭӡL 0ӻ Yj QJѭӡL Wӏ QҥQ 91 ĈҥL Vӭ 0DUWLQ FNJQJ ÿm WuP FiFK ÿӃQ JһS Fө
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ FӵX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 91&+ WҥL SKӫ 3Ky 7әQJ 7KӕQJ WUrQ
ÿѭӡQJ &{QJ /ê OҫQ FKyW

7KHR *6 1JX\ӉQ QJӑF $Q EҥQ WKkP JLDR FӫD Fө +ѭѫQJ WKu FXӝF JһS Jӥ
Qҫ\ ÿm GLӉQ UD QKѭ VDX

© &NJQJ QJj\ ÿy WKiQJ QăP ÿҥL Vӭ +RD .Ǥ {QJ 0DUWLQ ÿӃQ Wѭ
GLQK ÿѭӡQJ &{QJ /ê YӟL PӝW WKDP Yө Vӭ TXiQ QyL WLӃQJ 3KiS ĈҥL NKiL ÿҥL
Vӭ QyL

© 7KѭD 7әQJ 7KӕQJ WuQK WUҥQJ KLӋQ QD\ UҩW QJX\ KLӇP 1KѫQ GDQK FKtQK
SKӫ +RD .Ǥ FK~QJ W{L ÿӃQ PӡL 7әQJ 7KӕQJ UӡL NKӓL QѭӟF ÿL ÿӃQ EҩW Fӭ [ӭ
QjR QJj\ JLӡ QjR YӟL SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ QjR Pj 7әQJ 7KӕQJ PXӕQ &KtQK SKӫ
FK~QJ W{L FDP NӃW EҧR ÿҧP FKR 1JjL PӝW ÿӡL VӕQJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ YӟL FѭѫQJ Yӏ
7әQJ 7KӕQJ FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ 77 WUăP WXәL JLjª

7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ PƭP FѭӡL WUҧ OӡL

©7KѭD 1JjL ÿҥL Vӭ W{L ELӃW WuQK WUҥQJ KLӋQ QD\ UҩW Oj QJX\ KLӇP Ĉm ÿӃQ
ÿӛL QKѭ Yұ\ +RD .Ǥ FNJQJ Fy SKҫQ WUiFK QKLӋP WURQJ ÿy 1D\ {QJ ÿҥL Vӭ ÿӃQ
PӡL W{L O\ KѭѫQJ W{L UҩW FiP ѫQ ÐQJ ÿҥL Vӭ 1KѭQJ W{L ÿm VX\ QJKƭ Yj TX\ӃW
ÿӏQK GӭW NKRiW ӣ OҥL QѭӟF W{L 7{L FNJQJ Gѭ ELӃW &ӝQJ 6ҧQ YjR ÿѭӧF 6DLJRQ
EDR QKLrX ÿDX NKә QKөF QKm VӁ WU~W [XӕQJ ÿҫX GkQ FK~QJ PLӅQ 1DP 7{L Oj
QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR ÿӭQJ KjQJ ÿҫX FӫD Kӑ W{L WuQK QJX\ӋQ ӣ OҥL ÿӇ FKLD [ҿ YӟL Kӑ
PӝW SKҫQ QjR QLӅP ÿDX ÿӟQ WӫL QKөF QәL WKӕQJ NKә FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ PҩW QѭӟF
&iP ѫQ {QJ ĈҥL Vӭ ÿm ÿӃQ YLӃQJ W{L ª

Khi nghe câu «Les États-Unis ont aussi leur part de responsabilités
+RD .Ǥ FNJQJ Fy SKҫQ WUiFK QKLӋP WURQJ ÿy ÿҥL Vӭ 0DUWLQ JLӵW PuQK QKuQ
WUkQ WUkQ {QJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ 1ăP {QJ +ѭѫQJ WKXұW OҥL YӟL W{L 'ӭW
FkX FKX\ӋQ RQ VH VpSDUH VDQV PrPH VH VHUUHU OD PDLQª *6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF $Q
&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿăQJ WUrQ 7KӡL /XұQ NK{QJ U} QJj\ WҥP GӏFK +ӑ UD YӅ
Pj NK{QJ Fy EҳW WD\

&ӵX ÿҥL ~\ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 1KӵW Vƭ TXDQ W\ YLrQ FӫD SKy 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ
9ăQ +ѭѫQJ FKR QJѭӡL YLӃW ELӃW YjR QKӳQJ QJj\ WKiQJ FXӕL FQJ WURQJ WKiQJ
Fө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm QyL YӟL DQK HP SKөF Yө WҥL SKӫ 3Ky 7әQJ
7KӕQJ UҵQJ ©7Kҩ\ FiF HP FzQ WUҿ WXәL Pj SKҧL FKӏX K\ VLQK JLDQ NKә Yu FKLӃQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 117

WUDQK TXD UҩW WKѭѫQJ QKѭQJ Vӕ SKұQ FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF PuQK Oj QKѭ Yұ\ PuQK SKҧL
ÿiQK FKR WӟL FQJ ª

6DX NKL EjQ JLDR FKӭF Yө 77 FKR 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK WӕL WKiQJ Wѭ Fө
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm GӑQ QJD\ YӅ Wѭ JLD ӣ WURQJ KҿP ÿѭӡQJ 3KDQ 7KDQK *LҧQ
7X\ QKLrQ ViQJ K{P VDX QJj\ WKiQJ Wѭ Fө SKҧL WUӣ OҥL GLQK 3Ky 7әQJ
7KӕQJ ӣ ÿѭӡQJ &{QJ /ê PӝW OҫQ FXӕL ÿӇ WLӃS NLӃQ ÿҥL Vӭ 0DUWLQ NKL 0DUWLQ
ÿӃQ Wӯ JLm Fө

7URQJ PӝW FXӝF WLӃS [~F YӟL %6 1JX\ӉQ /ѭX 9LrQ FӵX 3Ky 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ
91&+ WҥL :HVWPLQVWHU YjR FXӕL ÿӡL %69LrQ Fy FKR QJѭӡL YLӃW ELӃW UҵQJ
YjR ViQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ Yj Ej 7UҫQ 9ăQ 9ăQ Fy ÿӃQ WKăP Fө
7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ PӝW OҫQ FXӕL Yj Fө +ѭѫQJ ÿm QyL YӟL KDL QJѭӡL UҵQJ KDL Yӏ ÿҥL
Vӭ 3KiS Yj +RD .Ǥ Fy ÿӃQ PӡL {QJ ÿL Wӏ QҥQ QKѭQJ {QJ ÿm Wӯ FKӕL OӡL PӡL FӫD
Kӑ

9jR QăP NKL 9LӋW &ӝQJ WUҧ OҥL ©TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FKR 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ
0LQK FiF DQK HP ÿDQJ Eӏ W KӑF WұS FҧL WҥR ÿӅX Eӏ ÿL [HP KuQK ҧQK Yj SKLP
FKLӃX OҥL FҧQK FӵX ©7әQJ 7KӕQJª 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK ÿDQJ Kӗ KӣL KkQ KRDQ ÿL
EҫX 4XӕF +ӝL ©ÿҧQJ Fӱ GkQ EҫX ª FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ FNJQJ ÿѭӧF &6 WUҧ OҥL TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ QKѭQJ Fө ÿm
Wӯ FKӕL &ӵX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 91&+ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ ÿm JӣL EӭF WKѭ VDX ÿk\ ÿӃQ
FҩS OmQK ÿҥR FKtQK TX\ӅQ &6

© +L͏Q QD\ Y̳Q FzQ Fy P̭\ WUăP QJjQ QK˯Q YLrQ FK͇ ÿ͡ FNJ F̫ YăQ O̳Q
Y} Wͳ 3Ky 7Kͯ W˱ͣQJ ÿ͇Q 7͝QJ E͡ WU˱ͧQJ FiF W˱ͣQJ OmQK TXkQ QKkQ F{QJ
FKͱF FiF F̭S FiF FKtQK WU͓ JLD FiF Y͓ OmQK ÿ̩R W{Q JLiR ÿ̫QJ SKiL ÿDQJ E͓
W̵S WUXQJ F̫L W̩R Uƭ WDL WKu QJ̷Q K̩Q Pj FKR ÿ͇Q QD\ Y̳Q FK˱D WK̭\ Y͉

7{L Oj QJ˱ͥL ÿͱQJ ÿ̯X KjQJ OmQK ÿ̩R FKiQK SKͯ 91&+ [LQ OmQK K͇W
WUiFK QKL͏P P͡W PuQK 7{L [LQ FKiQK SKͯ PͣL WK̫ K͕ Y͉ K͇W Yu K͕ Oj QKͷQJ
QJ˱ͥL FK͑ EL͇W WKͳD KjQK P̩QJ O͏QK F̭S WUrQ K͕ NK{QJ Fy W͡L Ju F̫ 7{L [LQ
FKiQK SKͯ PͣL WKD K͕ Y͉ VXP K͕S YͣL Yͫ FRQ FzQ OR OjP ăQ [k\ G͹QJ ÿ̭W
Q˱ͣF

&KͳQJ QjR QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL W̵S WUXQJ F̫L W̩R ÿ˱ͫF Y͉ K͇W FKͳQJ QjR K͕
QK̵Q ÿ˱ͫF ÿ̯\ ÿͯ TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ FKͳQJ ÿy W{L Vͅ Oj QJ˱ͥL FX͙L FQJ VDX
K͕ QK̵Q TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ FKR Fi QKkQ W{L ª

&ө 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ NK{QJ KӅ QKұQ TX\ӅQ F{QJ GkQ FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ
Yj FKR ÿӃQ NKL Wӯ WUҫQ YjR QăP WKu Fө YүQ FzQ Oj F{QJ GkQ FӫD 9LӋW
1DP &ӝQJ +zD

7UҫQ Ĉ{QJ 3KRQJ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD QJj\ FXӕL FQJ
&DOLIRUQLD 1DP 9LӋW WU

QJ˱QJ WUtFK

118 LONG ĐIỀN

+ҧR WkP QKkQ WKѫ FҧP WiF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ

.ҿ Vӻ PLӅQ 1DP FѫQ TXӕF KұQ
&ө 7UҫQ ÿiQJ PһW KҧR WkP QKkQ
7KDQK EҥFK WUӑQ ÿӡL G FKӭF WUӑQJ
+LӇP QJX\ 4XӕF QҥQ [i Ju WKkQ
&ѭӡQJ TX\ӅQ EҥR OӵF NK{Q OD\ FKX\ӇQ
7UiFK QKLӋP YҽQ WRjQ WUѭӟF TXӕF GkQ
³7KL KjQK EәQ SKұQ EDR Nҿ WӝL

+j Fӟ Ju W{L ÿѭӧF OmQK SKҫQ ´
&{QJ GkQ TX\ӅQ KmR [LQ WUDR OҥL
/ӏFK Vӱ JKL GDQK WUѭӟF Pӝ SKҫQ

/RQJ çLӅQ

&ͭ 7U̯Q 9ăQ +˱˯QJ 3Ky 7͝QJ 7K͙QJ ç͏ 1K͓ 91&+

6DX NKL EjQ JLDR FKͱF Yͭ 7͝QJ 7K͙QJ FKR 7˱ͣQJ '˱˯QJ
9ăQ 0LQK {QJ Y͉ QJͭ W̩L FăQ QKj QK͗ FX͡F V͙QJ ṶW FK̵W
Y̵W FKͱQJ W͗ WURQJ WKͥL W̩L FKͱF {QJ ṶW WKDQK OLrP

ç̩L Vͱ 0DUWLQ 3KiS VDX ÿ͉ QJK͓ FXQJ F̭S SK˱˯QJ
WL͏Q Y̵Q FKX\͋Q UD Q˱ͣF QJRjL QK˱QJ {QJ ÿm Wͳ FK͙L Yj WuQK
QJX\͏Q ͧ O̩L ÿ͋ FKLD [̓ WͯL QKͭF YͣL GkQ PL͉Q 1DP

%͕Q &691 QKL͉X O̯Q K G͕D QK˱QJ {QJ F˱˯QJ TX\͇W NK{QJ
QK̵Q JḼ\ WU̫ TX\͉Q F{QJ GkQ VDX ÿy &691 WU̫ WK W͓FK WKX
ÿ͛ Y̵W WURQJ QKj Yj UD O͓QK TX̫Q WK~F W̩L JLD QăP

.KL E͓ E͏QK Q̿QJ QJ˱ͥL QKj FKͧ Y{ E͏QK YL͏Q ÿ͋ F̭S FͱX
QK˱QJ NKL W͑QK G̵\ Fͭ ÿm E̫R QJ˱ͥL QKj FKͧ Y͉ YL E͏QK
YL͏Q Q̯\ QD\ GR &691 FKL͇P JLͷ 6DX ÿy {QJ P̭W W̩L W˱ JLD
;HP EjL YL͇W FͯD WiF JL̫ +ͱD +RjQK Y͉ Fͭ 7U̯Q 9ăQ +˱˯QJ
http://doanket.web1000.com/tongquat/tvhuong.html

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 119

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ TXD QKӳQJ OӡL SKiW ELӇX FXҧ Fө 7UҫQ
9ăQ +ѭѫQJ YӅ &XӝF &KLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP :

0LӅQ 1DP Fy FKtQK QJKLm Yj SKҧL EҧR YӋ FKtQK QJKLm ÿy 9u QKLӅX
Oê GR FKtQK WUӏ +RD .Ǥ QѭӟF ÿӗQJ PLQK FӫD 91&+ ÿm SKҧQ EӝL OӡL KӭD
EҧR YӋ 0LӅQ 1DP NKӓL WKҧP KRҥ &6 WKu FKtQK QJѭӡL 0LӅQ 1DP SKҧL
FKLө Vӵ ÿDX NKә Yj PҩW PiW ÿy 5LrQJ +RD .Ǥ Yj FiF QѭӟF WKXӝF NKӕL
7ӵ 'R ÿm ÿӭQJ UD NrX JӑL 91&+ KӧS WiF QJăQ QKұQ OjQ VyQJ Ĉӓ
WKu Kӑ SKҧL FKӏX WUiFK QKLӋP OѭѫQJ WkP WUѭӟF WKӃ JLӟL.

1JѭӡL GkQ 0LӅQ 1DP NK{QJ WKtFK VӕQJ FKXQJ YӟL &ӝQJ 6ҧQ Yu
Kӑ JKr WӣP FiF KjQK ÿӝQJ WjQ iF FӫD &691 QKѭQJ Kӑ NK{QJ WKӇ FiQ
ÿiQJ F{QJ YLӋF QJăQ FKұQ OjQ VyQJ Ĉӓ 4XӕF 7Ӄ PӝW FiFK KӳX KLӋX QӃX
NK{QJ Fy YLӋQ WUӧ FӫD SKH ÿӗQJ PLQK 7KHR WjL OLӋX WKӕQJ Nr WKu YLӋQ
WUӧ FӫD SKH &6 4XӕF 7Ӄ FKR 0LӅQ %ҳF QăP QKLӅX JҩS OҫQ FӫD
NKӕL 7ӵ 'R YLӋQ WUӧ FKR 0LӅQ 1DP 91 35

7UѭӟF Fө FNJQJ ÿm WӯQJ KӧS WiF YӟL 9LӋW 0LQK JLӳ FKӭF Yө
FDR WURQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS QKѭQJ FKӍ VDX QăP
QKұQ ÿѭӧF Eӝ PһW WKұW &ӝQJ VҧQ FXҧ FK~QJ Fө ÿm QKDQK FKyQJ UӡL Eӓ
KjQJ QJӫ &6 ÿӇ TXD\ YӅ YӟL SKLi 4XӕF *LD FKӕQJ Fҧ 3KiS Yj &ӝQJ
VҧQ

/j PӝW QJѭӡL Fy WLQK WKҫQ WUiFK QKLӋP FDR Fө FKҩS QKұQ ӣ OҥL
91 FKӏX W ÿj\ Yj NK{QJ NKXҩW SKөF WUѭӟF EҥR TX\ӅQ &6 7KұW ÿiQJ QRL
JѭѫQJ FKR QKӳQJ DL Fy Oê WѭӣQJ Yu 4XӕF JLD 'kQ 7ӝF

120 LONG ĐIỀN

1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ FKӫ WӏFK +ҥ 9LӋQ 7Kӫ
7ѭӟQJ 91&+

1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ

7LӇX Vӱ :

ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ VLQK QăP TXr TXiQ ӣ &ҫQ7Kѫ WӕW
QJKLӋS WKӫ NKRD NKyD , +ӑF 9LӋQ 4XӕF *LD +jQK &KiQK 6DLJRQ ÐQJ
OjP 4XұQ 7UѭӣQJ &iL %q UӗL 3Ky 7ӍQK 7UѭӣQJ ĈӏQK 7ѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF ÿҳF
Fӱ YjR +ҥ 9LӋQ ÿmP QKLӋP FKӭF Yө &Kӫ 7ӏFK +ҥ 9LӋQ 91&+ Wӯ QăP
9jR QKӳQJ JLӡ SK~W FXӕL FӫD 0LӅQ 1DP ÐQJ ÿѭӧF PӡL
OjP 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ QKѭQJ ÿӃQ WKu Wӯ FKӭF 7ӯ QJj\ GL WҧQ
VDQJ +RD .Ǥ ÐQJ Fy QKLӅX EjL YLӃW WUrQ EiR FKt GLӉQ WKX\ӃW WURQJ &ӝQJ
ĈӗQJ QJѭӡL 9LӋW NKҳS QѫL WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL Yj [XҩW EҧQ WұS KӗL Nê FKtQK WUӏ
³ĈҩW 1ѭӟF 7{L´

1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ Ei &ҭQ YӅ FX{F FKLӃQ 91

'kQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP Oj PӝW GkQ WӝF NLrX KQJ 'kQ 9LӋW Fy PӝW WUX\ӅQ
WKӕQJ ÿҩX WUDQK EҩW GLӋW Wӯ QKLӅX WKLrQ QLrQ Nӹ ÿm JL~S Kӑ JLӳ \rQ Eӡ
F}L GX\ WUu QӅQ ÿӝF OұS Yj WRjQ YҽQ OmQK WKә NӇ Wӯ QJj\ OұS TXӕF 9ӟL
WUjR OѭX YăQ PLQK WLӃQ Eӝ YӅ PӑL PһW FӫD WKӃ Nӹ YӯD TXD GkQ 9LӋW
ÿm WӕQ KjQJ WULӋX VDQK OLQK ÿӇ PRQJ WKӵF KLӋQ ѭӟF Pѫ Wӵ GR Yj GkQ FKӫ
ÿӇ FKR QKkQ SKҭP ÿѭӧF W{Q WUӑQJ ÿӇ FKR QJѭӡL GkQ ÿѭӧF VӕQJ WKHR ê
PuQK PXӕQ Yj ÿѭӧF EuQK ÿҷQJ WURQJ PӑL WUiFK QKLӋP Yj TX\ӅQ ÿLӅX
khiӇQ Fùng phát triӇQ ÿҩW QѭӟF 7KӃ QKѭQJ Wӯ FXӝF NKӣL QJKƭD FӫD WRàn

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 121

GkQ FKӕQJ 3KiS VDX ÿӋ QKӏ WKӃ FKLӃQ PӝW EӑQ QJѭӡL YRQJ EҧQ ÿm OӧL
GөQJ OzQJ \rX QѭӟF Y{ Eӡ EӃQ FӫD ÿӗQJ EjR ÿӇ GjQK ÿӝF TX\ӅQ \êu
QѭӟF ÿӝF TX\ӅQ EҳW WD\ YӟL Nҿ WK QJRҥL EDQJ ÿӇ WLrX GLӋW PӑL WKành
SKҫQ \rX QѭӟF NK{QJ FQJ KjQJ QJNJ YӟL Kӑ Yj PӑL NKX\QK KѭӟQJ
NK{QJ FQJ FKtQK NLӃQ YӟL Kӑ

+m\ QJKH VDX ÿk\ OӡL WK~ WӝL FӫD +ӗ FKt 0LQK ÿӑF WUѭӟF ÿҥL KӝL WRàn
TXӕF NǤ ,, FӫD ĈҧQJ /DR ÿӝQJ 9LӋW QDP KӗL WKiQJ QăP ´&ѫ Vӣ
Wѭ WѭӣQJ FӫD ÿҧQJ Oj 0iF $QJKHQ Yj /r QLQ Yj ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FKtQK ViFK
FKR ĈҧQJ Oj FӫD &Kӫ WӏFK 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR WUҥFK Ĉ{QJ´ 7ѭ WѭӣQJ WULӃW Oê
Yj FKtQK WUӏ 0iF /r Oj PӝW WULӃW Oê FKtQK WUӏ ÿm Wӓ UD KRDQJ ÿѭӡQg ngay
Wӯ O~F NKDL VLQK ӣ FXӕL WKӃ Nӹ &zQ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FiFK PҥQJ FӫD FiF Wên
ÿӗ WӇ /r QLQ 6WDOLQ Yj 0DR WUҥFK Ĉ{QJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ WRjQ FăP WK EҥR
OӵF Yj FKpP JLӃW ÿm OjP FKR SKkQ QӱD QKkQ ORҥL Eӏ QKXӝP ÿӓ WUrQ WKӃ
JLӟL Eӏ KjQK Kҥ ÿDX NKә Gӣ VӕQJ Gӣ FKӃW YӟL KjQJ FKөF WULӋX QJѭӡL Eӏ
ViW KҥL KjQJ WUăP WULӋX Eӏ W ÿj\ WURQJ VXӕW JҫQ QăP TXD 7URQJ PӝW
SKҥP YL QKӓ KҽS KѫQ +ӗ FKt 0LQK Yj EӑQ KұX GXӋ FNJQJ ÿm ViW KҥL Yà
K\ VLQK KjQJ Pҩ\ WULӋX QJѭӡL Wӯ WKѭӡQJ GkQ Y{ WӝL FKR ÿӃQ FiQ Eӝ FӫD
EӑQ FK~QJ WURQJ FiF FXӝF FKLӃQ WUDQK [kP OăQJ Yj FiFK PҥQJ ÿүP PiX
GR EӑQ FK~QJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ36.

Ngày 16 tháng 4, trong bài diӉQ YăQ ÿӑF WҥL ÿҥL KӝL FiF &Kӫ 1KLӋP
báo chí Hoa KǤ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ )RUG Wӕ FiR 4XӕF KӝL +RD .Ǥ FKӕL Eӓ OӡL
FDP NӃW EҧR YӋ 9LӋW 1DP ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ QyL U} KѫQ YӟL F{QJ
OXұQ ³1JD ;{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿm JLӳ OӡL KӭD YӟL +j 1ӝL FzQ +RD .Ǥ
WKu NK{QJ JLӳ OӡL FDP NӃW FӫD PuQK 6ӵ YLӋF Qj\ OjP FKR W{L EXӗQ Q{Q´
(They have maintained their commitment. Unfortunately the US did
not carry out its commitment. It just makes me sick).

³7ѭӟQJ :HVWPRUHODQG WKu Fy TXkQ WURQJ WD\ QKѭQJ NK{QJ Fy TX\ӅQ
ÿLӅX NKLӇQ FKLӃQ WUѭӡQJ Yu Vӵ KLӋQ GLӋQ FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL +RD .Ǥ WҥL 9LӋW
Nam chӍ ÿӇ SKөF Yө PөF WLrX FKtQK WUӏ GR 7zD %ҥFK ӔF TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WUӵF
WLӃS 0өF WLrX FKtQK WUӏ ÿy Oj WKѭѫQJ WKҧR YӟL 1JD 6{ Yj 7UXQJ &ӝQJ ÿӇ
[ӃS ÿһW PӝW WUұW Wӵ PӟL FKR 7KӃ JLӟL Yj 9LӋW 1DP Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ
Oi EjL ÿӇ WUDR ÿәL´

³7әQJ 7KӕQJ -RKQVRQ WLӃS WөF WăQJ TXkQ Vӕ FKR 7ѭӟQJ :HVWPRUHODQG
ÿLӅX NKLӇQ PӝW FXӝF FKLӃQ ³WLrX KDR´ DWWULWLRQ Pj +RD .Ǥ QJKƭ UҵQJ
YӟL WKӡL JLDQ VӁ OjP FKR %ҳF 9LӋW KDR PzQ ÿӃQ PӭF NK{QJ FKӏX ÿӵQJ
QӛL Yj Yu Yұ\ Pj SKҧL FKҩS QKұQ WKѭѫQJ WKX\ӃW +RD .Ǥ ÿã tính sai
QѭӟF Fӡ Oj Yu VDX ÿy WKӵF WӃ FKR WKҩ\ %ҳF 9LӋW FKѭD KDR PzQ Pj QӝL Eӝ
+RD .Ǥ ÿm ³UiFK QiW´

³&KӍ Fy PӝW FkX WUҧ OӡL Fy WKӇ KLӇX ÿѭӧF Oj +RD .Ǥ ÿә TXkQ YjR 9LӋW

122 LONG ĐIỀN

1DP ÿӇ GQJ 9LӋW 1DP QKѭ PӝW PyQ KjQJ PһF Fҧ YӟL SKtD &ӝQJ VҧQ
YӅ FiF YҩQ ÿӅ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ FKLӃQ OѭӧF WRjQ FҫX FӫD +RD .Ǥ ´

³ĈӕL YӟL FKtQK TX\ӅQ +RD .Ǥ WKu SKҧL Fy PӝW WUұW Wӵ PӟL FKR ED
VLrX FѭӡQJ FKXQJ VӕQJ KzD EuQK Yj FKLD TX\ӅQ WKӕQJ WUӏ WKӃ JLӟL 0XӕQ
ÿѭӧF QKѭ Yұ\ 77 1L[RQ SKҧL WuP PӑL FiFK NKDL WK{QJ EUHDNWKURXJK
EӃ WҳF QJRҥL JLDR YӟL 1JD ;{ 7UXQJ &ӝQJ Yj %ҳF 9LӋW´

3Kr SKiQ FKtQK ViFK FӫD +RD .Ǥ {QJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ QyL:

³7URQJ YLӋF WKҧR OXұQ YӟL %ҳF 9LӋW 1JRҥL 7UѭӣQJ .LVVLQJHU ÿã
QKѭӧQJ Eӝ ÿӃQ QKӳQJ ÿzL KӓL FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ QKѭ YLӋF U~W OӵF
OѭӧQJ ³ÿӃ TXӕF 0ӻ´ UD NKӓL 9LӋW 1DP FҳW ÿӭW YLӋQ WUӧ FKR 91&+ OұS
+ӝL ĈӗQJ +zD *LҧL +zD +ӧS WӭF Oj Fy JLi WUӏ QJDQJ KjQJ YӟL KDL ÿòi
KӓL FӫD &6%9 Oj GҽS Eӓ FKӃ ÿӝ KӧS KLӃQ FӫD PLӅQ 1DP B Pà CSBV
WKѭӡQJ GQJ GDQK Wӯ ³GҽS Eӓ FKtQK TX\ӅQ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX´ B Yà
WKjQK OұS &KtQK SKӫ OLrQ KLӋS 4XӕF &ӝQJ FKҩS QKұQ FKR TXkQ ÿӝL
%ҳF 9LӋW [kP OăQJ JjL OҥL ӣ PLӅQ 1DP WӭF Oj QKuQ QKұQ TXkQ ÿӝL WUi
KuQK FӫD 0һW 7UұQ *LҧL 3KyQJ´37

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ &691 QăP {QJ &ҭQ QyL

+LӋQ FKtQK WuQK QӝL Eӝ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ VҧQ QKѭ PӝW QJ{L QKj PөF
QiW FzQ WӋ KѫQ FiF QѭӟF FӝQJ VҧQ 1JD ;{ Yj Ĉ{QJ ÆX WUѭӟF QăP
&KӃ ÿӝ JӑL Oj ;m KӝL FKӫ QJKƭD WKHR Wѭ WѭӣQJ +ӗ FKt 0LQK FKӍ
Oj PӝW GDQK [ѭQJ Uҿ WLӅQ OjP EuQK SKRQJ FKR PӝW KӋ WKӕQJ WKҧR NKҩX
FҩX NӃW Wӯ WUrQ [XӕQJ GѭӟL EiQ QѭӟF EX{Q GkQ Pj PөF WLrX FKӍ Oà tham
{ Yѫ YpW FKR ÿҫ\ W~L PһF FKR GkQ ÿyL Yu WKLӃX ăQ GkQ FKӃW Yì không
WKXӕF FKӳD GkQ QKөF Yu ÿҩW ÿDL OmQK KҧL ÿm Eӏ &691 OpQ QKѭӧQJ Fho
Nҿ WK SKѭѫQJ %ҳF GkQ NKә Yu QӱD WULӋX WKDQK QLrQ Yj SKө Qӳ PXӕQ Fy
ÿѭӧF PLӃQJ FѫP PDQK iR SKҧL KѭӣQJ ӭQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ FӫD EҥR TX\ӅQ
Eӓ QѭӟF UD ÿL OjP ODR Q{ Yj JiL PmL GkP WUi KuQK GѭӟL GLӋQ Oҩ\ FKӗQJ
QJRҥL TXӕF

7URQJ O~F ÿy DL FNJQJ ELӃW WURQJ QӝL Eӝ FӫD &691 QJày này, trên
QyL GѭӟL NK{QJ QJKH Yu Fҧ EӑQ ÿӅX JLjQK ăQ WKu ÿkX FzQ DL QJKH DL QӳD
7UrQ FKyS EX ÿҧQJ WKu Fy Eq SKiL [XQJ ÿӝW QKDX WUDQK JLjQK TX\ӅQ OӵF
[kX [p JLӳD FiQK WKkQ 1JD Yj FiQK WKkQ 7jX FiQK JLiR ÿLӅX Yj FiQK FӣL
Pӣ FiQK QҳP FKӭF Yө EpR Eӣ JLjX Vө Yj FiQK NK{QJ Fy Fѫ KӝL ÿyL NK{
FӝQJ WKrP \ӃX Wӕ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ 1DP 7UXQJ %ҳF FKѭD NӇ QKӳQJ FKLD UӁ
WURQJ TXkQ ÿӝL NpR GjL ҫP ƭ KjQJ KDL FKөF QăP QD\ JLӳD FiQK ÿѭѫQJ
QҳP TXkQ ӫ\ Yj FiQK 9} 1JX\rQ *LiS Eӏ ÿq EҽS WU ӃP

'R WuQK WUҥQJ FiF FҩS OmQK ÿҥR WLrX GLӋW OүQ QKDX Wӵ Kӫ\ KRҥL Fѫ
FKӃ QrQ FKҳF FKҳQ ÿӃQ PӝW WKӡL ÿLӇP QjR ÿy Fѫ Vӣ ÿҧQJ Yj Fѫ TXDQ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 123

QKj QѭӟF Eӏ [Ri\ PzQ Um QJNJ FӝQJ WKrP Qӛ OӵF ÿҩX WUDQK FӫD QӝL ÿӏD
KҧL QJRҥL JLiS F{QJ OjP FKR FKӃ ÿӝ Eӏ EҩW WKҫQ VөS ÿә QKѭ ӣ Ĉ{QJ ÆX

7yP OҥL YҩQ ÿӅ NK{QJ FzQ Oj &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP VӁ VөS ÿә KD\
NK{QJ Pj FKӍ Fy YҩQ ÿӅ FKӯQJ QjR VӁ VөS ÿә 7X\ QKLrQ WUrQ WҩW Fҧ
FK~QJ WD FҫQ JKL QKӟ PӝW YҩQ ÿӅ Fy WҫP PӭF TXDQ WUӑQJ YѭӧW EӵF
Ĉy Oj QJѭӡL TXӕF JLD FK~QJ WD WURQJ ÿy Fy TXê Yӏ KLӋQ GLӋQ WURQJ ÿҥL
KӝL K{P QD\ FK~QJ WD ÿm VҹQ VjQJ ÿӇ JyS SKҫQ YjR F{QJ YLӋF SKөF
KѭQJ ÿҩW QѭӟF WURQJ WKӡL NǤ KұX FӝQJ VҧQ KD\ FKѭD"38

-Qua dүQ FKӭQJ QKӳQJ OӡL SKiW ELӇX FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ FK~QJ
WD WKҩ\ {QJ QKұQ ÿӏQK FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 QKѭ VDX

Ĉk\ Oj FXӝF FKLӃQ ӫ\ QKLӋP Pj SKtD &691 QKұQ FKӍ WKӏ Wӯ NKӕL
&647 ÿӇ WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP 7URQJ NKL ÿy QKkQ GkQ 0LӅQ 1DP FKӍ Wӵ
YӋ TXD Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ FXҧ FiF QѭӟF 7ӵ 'R ÿӇ FKӕQJ OjQ VyQJ ÿӓ QҵP WURQJ
NӃ KRҥFK FKLӃQ OѭӧF FӫD +RD .Ǥ ÿL WuP PӝW WUұW Wӵ WKӃ JLӟL PӟL VDX ĈӋ
Nhӏ 7KӃ &KLӃQ NKL Pj NKӕL &647 PXӕQ WK{Q WtQK Fҧ WKӃ JLӟL

&iL PӕF FӫD YҩQ ÿӅ Oj FXӝF FKLӃQ FKӍ FKҩP GӭW NKL Qào CSVN
NK{QJ FzQ ÿѭD TXkQ ÿiQK SKi 0191 QӳD ÿLӅX Qҫ\ NKy Fy WKӇ [ҧ\
UD Yu &691 NK{QJ Wӵ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK WLӃS WөF WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ Pà do thúc
ÿҭ\ FӫD NKӕL &647 KD\ Oj NKL ÿӗQJ PLQK Eӓ FXӝF Yj 0LӅQ 1DP FKӏX
ÿҫX KjQJ %ӣL Yu 0ӻ WKDP FKLӃQ WҥL 91 NK{QJ SKҧL ÿӇ GjQK FKLӃQ WKҳQJ
TXkQ Vӵ Pj FKӍ ÿӇ SKөF Yө TX\ӅQ OӧL FӫD 0ӻ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ FKLӃQ
OѭӧF ĈLӅX ÿDX ÿӟQ Oj FKӍ Fy VLQK PҥQJ WjL VҧQ FXҧ QJѭӡL GkQ 91 Fҧ
KDL PLӅQ SKҧL FKӏX K\ VLQK WUrQ WULӋX QJѭӡL FNJQJ FKӍ Yu FiL FKӍ WKӏ ÿӝF
iF ÿy FXҧ &647 Yj Vӵ WKӯD KjQK FiFK QJX [XҭQ Yj WULӋW ÿӇ FӫD &691
%ӣL Yu WURQJ WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy 7UXQJ FӝQJ WKu WX\ WKqP PXӕQ Ĉài Loan
QKѭQJ NK{QJ GiP WҩQ F{QJ Yu Vӧ WKLӋW KҥL FKR GkQ 7UXQJ +RD QKѭQJ
OX{Q [~L Eҭ\ +ӗ WҩQ F{QJ 0LӅQ 1DP 91 0DR ÿm WӯQJ QyL ´7{L VӁ
ÿiQK 0ӻ ÿӃQ QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1DP FXӕL FQJ´ Yj EҩW KҥQK WKD\ +ӗ OҥL
ngoan ngoãn thi hành.

9jR ÿҫX 7KiQJ 1ăP &ӵX 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ 91&+ 1JX\ӉQ %i
&ҭQ VDX JҫQ PӝW QăP ODR WkP ODR OӵF ÿӇ FKXҭQ Eӏ Kӗ Vѫ ÿӋ QҥS YӅ WKӅP
OөF ÿӏD ÿ~QJ WKӡL KҥQ TXL ÿӏQK YӟL /LrQ +LӋS 4XӕF {QJ 1JX\ӉQ %i
&ҭQ ÿm WKD\ PһW FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD ÿӇ QӝS OrQ /LrQ +LӋS
4XӕF EҧQ YăQ YӅ OmQK KҧL FӫD PuQK WUѭӟF Vӵ OҩQ FKLӃP Y{ OӕL EҩW FKҩS
OXұW OӋ FӫD 7UXQJ 4XӕF

&Kӫ 1KұW 7KiQJ 1ăP FӵX 7Kӫ 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ ÿã
[XҩW KLӋQ WҥL çҥL 1KҥF +ӝL ³&iP ѪQ $QK 1JѭӡL 7KѭѫQJ %LQK 91&+
NǤ ´ Wә FKӭF WҥL WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF ,QGHSHQGHQFH +LJK 6FKRRO 6DQ

124 LONG ĐIỀN

-RVH GѭӟL FѫQ QyQJ JD\ JҳW OrQ WUrQ ÿӝ ) ÐQJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ ÿm
EҩW QJӡ ÿӝW TXӷ Yj Wӯ WUҫQ O~F JLӡ ViQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP
WҥL 5HJLRQDO 0HGLFDO &HQWHU WKjQK SKӕ 6DQ -RVH WLӇX EDQJ
&DOLIRUQLD +RD .Ǥ

9ӟL QKӳQJ YLӋF OjP WUrQ FӫD {QJ 1JX\ӉQ %i &ҭQ YjR JLDL ÿRҥQ
FXӕL ÿӡL FKӭQJ Wӓ {QJ [ӭQJ ÿiQJ Oj PӝW FKLӃQ Vƭ WұQ Wө\ FKR 7ӵ 'R
'kQ &Kӫ FKR ĈҩW 1ѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP {QJ ÿm FKLӃQ ÿҩX FKR TX\ӅQ OӧL 'kQ
7ӝF ÿӃQ KѫL WKӣ FXӕL FQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 125

ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX
7UѭӣQJ 4/91&+

&DR 9ăQ 9LrQ (1921-2008)
7LӇX Vӱ
ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ VDQK QJj\ 7ҥL WKjQK SKӕ 9ҥQ
7ѭӧQJ /jR 4XӕF *LD FҧQK 9ӧ Yj FRQ ÐQJ Fy EҵQJ &ӱ 1KkQ 9ăQ
&KѭѫQJ 3KiS WҥL WUѭӡQJ çҥL +ӑF 9ăQ .KRD 6jL *zQ
7ӕW QJKLӋS 7UѭӡQJ 4XkQ 6ӵ &DS 6DLQW -DFTXH 9NJQJ 7jX QăP
7ӕW QJKLӋS ĈҥL +ӑF &KӍ +X\ Yj 7KDP 0ѭX &DR &ҩS )RUWK
/HDYHQZRUWK +RD .Ǥ
&KӭQJ &KӍ 1Kҧ\ ' 4/91&+
&KӭQJ &KӍ 3KL &{QJ .491&+
&KӭQJ &KӍ 1Kҧ\ ' 4/+.
&KӭQJ &KӍ 3KL &{QJ 7UӵF 7KăQJ +RD .Ǥ
&KӭF 9ө ÿҧP QKLӋP
7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ Oj PӝW WURQJ QăP ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ FӫD 4XkQ ĈӝL
9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD Yj FNJQJ Oj Yӏ 7ѭӟQJ JLӳ FKӭF Yө 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX
7UѭӣQJ WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ OkX QKҩW
ÐQJ VLQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL 9LHQWLDQH /jR Yu Yұ\
Pj {QJ Fy WrQ Oj 9LrQ 6DX NKL WӕW QJKLӋS WUѭӡQJ WUXQJ KӑF 3DYLH Oàm
nghӅ KXҩQ OX\ӋQ YLên thӇ WKDR WUXQJ KӑF ÐQJ ÿã bӏ TXkQ 1KұW EҳW JLӳ
126 LONG ĐIỀN

NKL FKtQK TX\ӅQ 3KiS WKXD WUұQ ӣ Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ QăP

6DX ÿy {QJ WUӕQ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP Yj ÿӃQ QăP {QJ JLD QKұS TXkQ
ÿӝL Yj ÿѭӧF ÿѭD ÿL KӑF NKyD ÿjR WҥR Vƭ TXDQ WҥL WUѭӡQJ 9} Eӏ &DS 6DLQW
-DFTXHV 9NJQJ 7jX .KyD Qҫ\ JӗP NKyD VLQK Fy QJѭӡL WU~QJ
WX\ӇQ Yj ÿѭӧF PDQJ FҩS EұF 7KLӃX Ò\ 6RXV /LHXWHQDQW 7KLӃX Ò\
&DR 9ăQ 9LrQ ÿӛ WKӫ NKRD 6DX NKL WӕW QJKLӋS {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿѭD YӅ SKөF
Yө WҥL %ӝ 7KDP 0ѭX 4XkQ ĈӝL 4XӕF *LD 9LӋW 1DP JLӳ QKӳQJ FKӭF Yө
QKѭ Vƭ TXDQ SKzQJ WX\ӇQ Pӝ QKұS QJNJ SKzQJ EiR FKt %ӝ 4XӕF 3KzQJ

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF WKăQJ FҩS 7UXQJ Ò\ Yj ÿѭӧF Eә QKLӋP FKӭF
Yө 3Ky 7UѭӣQJ 3KzQJ +jQK &KiQK UӗL 7UѭӣQJ 3KzQJ %iR &Kt Yj
7K{QJ 7LQ 6DX ÿy {QJ ÿѭӧF ÿL WKө KXҩQ NKyD &KLӃQ 7KXұW UӗL YӅ OjP
7LӇX ĈRjQ 7UѭӣQJ 7LӇX ĈRjQ WURQJ QăP WҥL %ҳF 9LӋW

1ăP {QJ ÿѭӧF WKăQJ FҩS ĈҥL Ò\ Yj ÿѭӧF Eә QKLӋP FKӭF Yө
7UѭӣQJ %DQ UӗL 7UѭӣQJ %DQ /ӵF /ѭӧQJ 'm &KLӃQ +ѭQJ <rQ

1ăP VDX +LӋS ÿӏQK ÿuQK FKLӃQ *HQHYH U~W YӅ 1DP ÐQJ ÿѭӧF
FKӍ ÿӏQK FKӍ KX\ 7LӇX ĈRjQ WLӃS WKX 7ӍQK 4XҧQJ 1JҧL 1ăP
{QJ ÿѭӧF WKăQJ FҩS 7KLӃX 7i NKL FKӃ ÿӝ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD ÿѭӧF
WKjQK OұS {QJ ÿѭӧF FKӍ ÿӏQK OjP 7UѭӣQJ 3KzQJ 7LӃS YұQ %ӝ 7әQJ
7KDP 0ѭX Yj VDX ÿy {QJ ÿѭӧF WKHR KӑF WUѭӡQJ &RPPDQG DQG *HQHUDO
6WDII &ROOHJH ĈҥL +ӑF &KӍ +X\ Yj 7KDP 0ѭX ӣ )RUW /HDYHQZRUWK
WLӇX EDQJ .DQVDV +RD .Ǥ

1ăP WUӣ OҥL 9LӋW 1DP YӟL FҩS EӵF 7UXQJ 7i ÐQJ ÿѭӧF ÿӅ Fӱ
OjP 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ %LӋW %ӝ 3Kӫ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ

1Jj\ {QJ ÿѭӧF Fӱ OjP 7ѭ /ӋQK /ӳ ĈRjQ 1Kҧ\ ' Yj
WKăQJ FҩS ĈҥL 7i WKD\ WKӃ ĈҥL 7i 1JX\ӉQ &KiQK 7KL YӯD WKDP JLD ÿҧR
FKtQK WKҩW EҥL YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP

7URQJ FXӝF ÿҧR FKtQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ Oj PӝW WURQJ
QKӳQJ Vӕ tW Vƭ TXDQ FDR FҩS WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1J{ ĈuQK
'LӋP NK{QJ ÿӭQJ YӅ SKH ÿҧR FKtQK GR FiF 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK
7UҫQ 9ăQ Ĉ{Q 7{Q 7KҩW ĈtQK 0DL +ӳX ;XkQ /r 9ăQ .LP WLӃQ KjQK
9u Yұ\ {QJ Eӏ WѭӟF TX\ӅQ FKӍ KX\ /ӳ ĈRjQ 1Kҧ\ ' WURQJ PӝW WKӡL
JLDQ QJҳQ 7X\ QKLrQ GR Vӵ FDQ WKLӋS FӫD 7ѭӟQJ 7{Q 7KҩW ĈtQK Yj
7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 7KLӋQ .KLrP QrQ {QJ FKӍ Eӏ FiFK O\ Pj NK{QJ UѫL YjR Vӕ
SKұQ EL WKҧP QKѭ FiF ĈҥL 7i +ӗ 7ҩQ 4X\ӅQ Yj /r 4XDQJ 7XQJ

6DX QJj\ ÿҧR FKiQK KѫQ PӝW WXҫQ GR Vӵ GjQ [ӃS FӫD 7ѭӟQJ 7UҫQ
7KLӋQ .KLrP 7KDP PѭX 7UѭӣQJ /LrQ 4XkQ {QJ QKұQ ÿѭӧF Vӵ Yө OӋQK
YӅ QҳP OҥL FKӭF Yө 7ѭ /ӋQK /ӳ ĈRjQ 1Kҧ\ ' &XӕL WKiQJ YӟL
FѭѫQJ Yӏ 7ѭ /ӋQK 1Kҧ\ ' 7ѭӟQJ 9LrQ Oj WKӃ OӵF FKtQK SKtD VDX FXӝF
FKӍQK Oê FӫD KDL 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ .KiQK Yj 7UҫQ 7KLӋQ .KLrP Kҥ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 127

bӋ Tѭӟng Dѭѫng Văn Minh.
Sau chiӃn thҳng trұn Hӗng Ngӵ ngày 4/3/1964 ( Ĉҥi Tá Viên ÿã

ÿích thân chӍ huy cuӝc hành quân cӫa ChiӃn Ĉoàn Nhҧy Dù vӟi 2 TiӇu
Ĉoàn 1, và 8 chұn ÿánh mӝt lӵc lѭӧng cӝng sҧn cҩp Trung Ĉoàn tҥi
Giӗng Bàn, Hӗng Ngӵ sát biên giӟi Miên ViӋt, và ông bӏ thѭѫng ӣ cánh
tay phҧi, Cӕ Vҩn Trѭӣng cӫa TiӇu Ĉoàn 1ND là Ĉҥi Úy Mc Cathy bӏ
tӱ thѭѫng ) ông ÿѭӧc ÿһc cách mһt trұn vinh thăng ThiӃu Tѭӟng và
bàn giao nhiӋm vө Tѭ LӋnh Lӳ Ĉoàn Nhҧy Dù cho Trung Tá Dѭ Quӕc
Ĉӕng, ÿáo nhұm chӭc vө Tham Mѭu Trѭӣng Liên Quân (Bӝ Tәng
Tham Mѭu ) và ÿӃn cuӕi tháng 6 năm ÿó, ông ÿѭӧc ÿӅ cӱ giӳ chӭc vө
Tѭ LӋnh Quân Ĉoàn III.

Sau cuӝc chính biӃn ngày 19/2/1965, Hӝi ÿӗng Tѭӟng lҧnh gҥt
bӓ Tѭӟng NguyӉn Khánh ra khӓi chính quyӅn, ông ÿѭӧc thăng cҩp
Trung Tѭӟng và ÿѭӧc ÿӅ cӱ giӳ chӭc vө Tәng Tham Mѭu Trѭӣng vào
ngày 14 tháng 10 năm 1965, thay Tѭӟng NguyӉn Hӳu Có (lúc ÿó
kiêm nhiӋm). Năm 1967, khi Tѭӟng NguyӉn Hӳu Có bӏ bãi chӭc, Ông
kiêm nhiӋm chӭc vө Tәng Trѭӣng Quӕc Phòng trong mӝt thӡi gian
ngҳn. CNJng trong năm này, mӝt lҫn nӳa ông ÿѭӧc sӵ tin tѭӣng cӫa Hӝi
Ĉӗng Tѭӟng Lãnh là mӝt sƭ quan không liên hӋ phe phái chánh trӏ khi
Ông ÿѭӧc vinh thăng Ĉҥi Tѭӟng.

Tháng 2/1966, ӣ hӝi nghӏ thѭӧng ÿӍnh Honolulu, Tѭӟng Viên ÿã
ÿӅ nghӏ vӟi Tәng Thӕng Hoa KǤ Lyndon Johnson vӅ mӝt chiӃn lѭӧc
cô lұp CSBV bҵng cách lұp mӝt hàng rào phòng thӫ dӑc theo vƭ tuyӃn
17, hoһc là ÿánh thҷng qua các cѫ sӣ hұu cҫn cӫa CSBV ӣ Hҥ Lào và
Quҧng Bình-Vƭnh Linh. Phía Hoa KǤ không chánh thӭc trҧ lӡi, nhѭng
tài liӋu cho thҩy ÿҫu năm 1967 ÿҥi tѭӟng William Westmoreland ÿã ra
lӋnh cho MACV soҥn thҧo dӵ trù mӝt kӃ hoҥch tҩn công qua Lào có tên
là Hành Quân El Paso.

Trong thӡi gian biӃn ÿӝng cӫa hai năm 1966-67, Tѭӟng Viên tham
dӵ vào nhiӅu quyӃt ÿӏnh quân sӵ và chính trӏ trong nӝi bӝ cӫa Ӫy Ban
Lãnh Ĉҥo Quӕc Gia.

Trong vө Phұt Tӱ dҩy loҥn ӣ MiӅn Trung khӣi ÿҫu tӯ tháng 3/1966,
Phұt giáo chia làm hai khӕi: Ҩn Quang chӕng Chính phӫ và VN Quӕc
Tӵ thân chính phӫ. Mһt khác, mӝt sӕ Tѭ LӋnh Quân Ĉoàn 1 và SĈ1
có cҧm tình vӟi thành phҫn tranh ÿҩu chӕng chánh phӫ nhѭ NguyӉn
Chánh Thi, Tôn Thҩt Ĉính, trong khi NguyӉn Văn Chuân và HuǤnh
Văn Cao thì lӯng khӯng.

Vì thӃ có mӝt lúc MiӅn Trung gҫn nhѭ không có Chính phӫ: Thӏ
trѭӣng Ĉà Nҷng, Bs NguyӉn Văn Mүn, cNJng nhѭ mӝt sӕ quân nhân,

128 LONG ĐIỀN

F{QJ FKӭF FQJ FiF WKjQK SKҫQ TXi NKtFK ÿHP EjQ WKӡ 3KұW [XӕQJ
ÿѭӡQJ ELӇX WuQK 3KRQJ WUjR Fy QJX\ Fѫ ODQ WUjQ ÿӃQ 0LӅQ 1DP 7ѭӟQJ
NguyӉQ 1JӑF /RDQ 7ѭ /ӏQK OӵF OѭӧQJ &ҧQK 6iW SKҧL UD Ĉj 1ҷQJ ÿӇ
WKHR ViW WuQK KuQK Yj KjQK ÿӝQJ WҥL FKә 1KѭQJ KDL WXҫQ VDX Wình hình
FjQJ WKrP WӗL WӋ QJX\ NӏFK

1Jj\ 7ѭӟQJ 9LrQ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK FDQ WKLӋS ÐQJ UD OӋQK FKR
FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ 7әQJ 7Uӯ %ӏ EҩW WKҫQ FKX\ӇQ TXkQ UD Ĉj 1ҹQJ QJD\ ÿrP ÿy
QKұS FKXQJ YӟL 7LӇX ĈRjQ NKiF WKXӝF PӝW 7UXQJ ĈRjQ FӫD 6Ĉ %%
JLDR FKR ĈҥL 7i 1J{ 4XDQJ 7UѭӣQJ ÿDQJ Oj 7ѭ /ӋQK 3Ky 6Ĉ1' FKӍ
KX\ WLӃQ YjR 7KjQK 3Kӕ +Xr Yj Ĉj 1ҷQJ ÿӇ JLҧL WӓD FiF OӵF OѭӧQJ Yõ
WUDQJ FKӕQJ ÿӕL 9j UӗL FXӝF KjQK TXkQ FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW Qj\ ÿã hoàn thành
rP ÿҽS NK{QJ PӝW WKLӋW KҥL QKkQ PҥQJ

9jR QăP EҫX Fӱ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ {QJ Oj Vƭ TXDQ ÿҥL GLӋQ FKR +ӝL
ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF JLҧL TX\ӃW Vӵ EӃ WҳW JLӳD 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX
Yj 7KLӃX 7ѭӟQJ .Ǥ NKL Fҧ KDL ÿӅX PXӕQ WUDQK Fӱ FKӭF 7әQJ 7KӕQJ WUong
Yj GѭӟL Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD TXkQ ÿӝL +ӝL ĈӗQJ 4XkQ /ӵF ÿӏQK ÿѭD 7ѭӟQJ 9Lên
OrQ FKӭF 4XӕF 7UѭӣQJ Yu {QJ Oj Yӏ WѭӟQJ Fy WKkP QLrQ QKӭW QKѭQJ ÐQJ ÿã
PӝW PӵF Wӯ FKӕL Yu QKұQ WKӭF OѭѫQJ WKLӋQ NKҧ QăQJ FӫD PuQK

7URQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ JLӳ FKӭF Yө 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ {QJ ÿѭӧF
ÿiQK JLi Oj PӝW 7ѭӟQJ /ҧQK Fy WKӵF WjL Yj NK{QJ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ FiF KRҥW
ÿӝQJ FKtQK WUӏ 7X\ QKLrQ Wӯ QăP WUӣ ÿL YDL WUz FӫD 7ѭӟQJ 9Lên
QKѭ PӝW 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ Eӏ OX Pӡ NKL 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX EҳW
ÿҫX WUӵF WLӃS ÿLӅX NKLӇQ TXkQ ÿӝL WKD\ Yu TXD KӋ WKӕQJ TXkQ JLDL FӫD %ӝ
7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7KLӋX ÿm WұS WUXQJ KӃW TX\ӅQ EtQK WURQJ
WD\ ÿm FKR WKLӃW OұS PӝW KӋ WKӕQJ WUX\ӅQ WLQ WҥL GLQK ĈӝF /ұS ÿӇ OLrQ OҥF
WKҷQJ YӟL FiF 4XkQ .KX ÿLӅX ÿӝQJ FiF ÿѫQ Yӏ Eә QKLӋP 7ѭ /ӋQK 9ùng
Yj UD OӋQK WUӵF WLӃS KjQK TXkQ %ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX FKӍ FzQ JLӳ YDL WUò
WXkQ KjQK Yj WKӏ FKӭQJ 'R ÿy {QJ ÿm QKLӅX OҫQ [LQ Wӯ FKӭF QKѭQJ NK{QJ
ÿѭӧF FKҩS WKXұQ 9u Yұ\ {QJ FKӍ Fy WKӇ SKҧQ ӭQJ EҵQJ FiFK WLrX FӵF

6DX FXӝF U~W OXL WKҩW EҥL ӣ 4XkQ ÿRjQ ,, Yj 4XkQ ÿRjQ , Yj Nhi tình
KuQK TXkQ Vӵ WUӣ QrQ EL ÿiW 7ѭӟQJ 9LrQ Fy [LQ EiF Vƭ 3KҥP +à Thanh
&өF 7UѭӣQJ &өF 4XkQ < WKXӕF ÿӝF ORҥL &\DQLG ÿӇ WKӫ WKkQ Yu ELӃW
FKҳF FKҳQ QӃX Eӏ EҳW {QJ VӁ Eӏ FӝQJ VҧQ KjQK Kҥ PӝW FiFK WjQ EҥR

+ӗL Nê ³9LӋW 1DP 1KkQ &KӭQJ´ FӫD WѭӟQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ Ĉ{Q YLӃW
³&y OҫQ {QJ 7KLӋX WKDQ SKLӅQ {QJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ NK{QJ OjP YLӋF QKLӅX
ÐQJ 7KLӋX QKӡ W{L QyL YӟL ĈҥL WѭӟQJ 9LrQ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX WUѭӣQJ
YӅ YLӋF {QJ Qj\ Fӭ ӣ PmL 7әQJ 7KDP PѭX OjP YLӋF NK{QJ FKӏX ÿL
UD QJRjL {QJ 9LrQ WUҧ OӡL ³7{L ÿm [LQ Wͳ FKͱF P̭\ O̯Q Pj {QJ 7KL͏X
NK{QJ FK̭S QK̵Q QrQ W{L Fͱ ͧ YăQ SKzQJ OjP YL͏F Pj WK{L ”

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 129

- http://www.nhaydu.com/index_83hg_files/main_files/TS-

7XRQJ&DR9DQ9LHQ KWP ĈҤ, 7ѬӞ1* &$2 9Ă1 9,Ç1

³ 1ăP WUѭӟF VӭF pS FӫD Gѭ OXұQ Yj iS OӵF TXkQ Vӵ FӫD TXkQ
CӝQJ VҧQ 7әQJ WKӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX SKҧL Wӯ FKӭF .K{QJ OkX VDX
ÿy WӕL &Kӫ 1KұW WKiQJ VDX NKL 4XӕF +ӝL ELӇX TX\ӃW WUDR TX\ӅQ OҥL
FKR 7ѭӟQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK ÐQJ ÿm WUuQK OrQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ
+ѭѫQJ QJX\ӋQ YӑQJ ÿѭӧF YӅ KѭX ÿm [LQ Wӯ QăP QăP YӅ WUѭӟF

7әQJ 7KӕQJ +ѭѫQJ ÿm WK{QJ FҧP Yj Nê VҳF OӋQK FKR {QJ YӅ KѭX
7URQJ NKL FKӡ ÿӧL WkQ 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 'ѭѫQJ 9ăQ 0LQK FKtQK WKӭF Eә
QKLӋP 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ PӟL 7ѭӟQJ 9LrQ FKӍ ÿӏQK 7UXQJ 7ѭӟQJ
ĈӗQJ 9ăQ .KX\rQ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ %{ 770 [ӱ Oê WKѭӡQJ Yө FKӭF
Yө 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ 6DX ÿy {QJ ÿѭӧF GL WҧQ UD +ҥP ĈӝL Yào
WUѭD WKӭ +DL GL WҧQ VDQJ 0ӻ Yj ÿӏQK Fѭ WҥL $UOLQJWRQ

ĈҥL WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ VӁ OѭX OҥL WURQJ Nê ӭF PӑL QJѭӡL WӯQJ ELӃW
{QJ WKkQ KӳX EҥQ ÿӗQJ ÿӝL KuQK ҧQK FӫD OzQJ FKXQJ WKӫ\ NK{QJ
D GXD NK{QJ SKҧQ WUҳF Wӯ WӕQ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿRjQ NӃW WURQJ Wình huynh
ÿӋ FKL ELQK ÐQJ NK{QJ ERQ FKHQ WUrQ FKtQK WUѭӡQJ NK{QJ ÿҥS WUên
[iF ÿӗQJ ÿӝL ÿӇ WLӃQ WKkQ ÐQJ Oj PӝW QKj 7ѭӟQJ SKL FKtQK WUӏ QKѭQJ
Eӏ WKӡL WKӃ FXӕQ K~W YjR FKtQK WUѭӡQJ 6DX {QJ VӕQJ EuQK OһQJ
WҥL $UOLQJWRQ 9LUJLQLD 7KӡL JLDQ JҫQ ÿk\ {QJ VӕQJ F{ ÿѫQ WURQJ YLӋQ
GѭӥQJ OmR ÐQJ PҩW YjR O~F ViQJ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP KѭӣQJ
WKӑ WXәL http://www.tqlcvn.org/tqlc/tl-tuongniem-
tuong-caovanvien.htm 1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ QKkQ FiFK Yj Vӵ QJKLӋS Ĉ7 &DR
9ăQ 9LrQ GR QKj EiR 7UҫQ Ĉ{QJ 3KRQJ YLӃW

“KӇ Wӯ NKL 4XkQ ĈӝL 4XӕF *LD 9LӋW
Nam, tiӅQ WKkQ FӫD 4XkQ /ӵF 9LӋW 1DP
&ӝQJ +zD ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS GѭӟL WKӡL 4XӕF
7UѭӣQJ %ҧR ĈҥL FKR ÿӃQ QJày 30 tháng 4
QăP QJѭӡL QҳP JLӳ FKӭF Yө 7әQJ
7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ %ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX
OkX ÿӡL QKҩW Wӯ ÿӃQ WӭF Oj JҫQ
QăP Oj ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ NӃ ÿy
Oj 7KӕQJ 7ѭӟQJ /r 9ăQ 7ӷ JҫQ QăP Wӯ
ÿӃQ FzQ QKӳQJ Yӏ NKiF WKu WKӡL
JLDQ Kӑ QҳP JLӳ FKӭF Yө Qj\ UҩW QJҳQ QJӫL
Fy QJѭӡL FKӍ FKӯQJ YjL QăP Fy QJѭӡL FKӍ
FKӯQJ Yài tháng mà thôi. Tuy nhiên trong
Vӕ QKӳQJ Yӏ Qj\ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9Lên
Oj QJѭӡL GX\ QKҩW ÿm QҳP TX\ӅQ 7әQJ
7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ NKL TXkQ Vӕ FӫD 4XkQ /ӵF 91&+ OrQ ÿӃQ WUên 1

130 LONG ĐIỀN

WULӋX QJѭӡL Fҧ QDP OүQ Qӳ Yj YjR QKӳQJ QJj\ FXӕL FQJ FӫD 9LӋW 1DP
&ӝQJ +zD {QJ ÿm ÿѭӧF 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 7UҫQ 9ăQ +ѭѫQJ Eә QKLӋP OjP
7әQJ 7ѭ /ӋQK 4/91&+ PӝW FKӭF Yө Pj WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL ĈӋ 1Kӏ &ӝQJ
+zD GR FKtQK 7әQJ 7KӕQJ 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KLӋX QҳP JLӳ

“ÐQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ VDX ÿy Fy QyL WKrP UҵQJ {QJ ³WKRiW FKӃW WURQJ
ÿѭӡQJ Wѫ Nҿ WyF´ Yu YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP {QJ ÿm Eӏ FzQJ WD\
WҥL %ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX Yu NK{QJ FKӏX WKDP JLD YӟL SKH ÿҧR FKiQK

³ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ :LOOLDP & :HVWPRUHODQG 7әQJ 7ѭ /ӋQK 4XkQ /ӵF
+RD .Ǥ WҥL 9LӋW 1DP ÿm QyL YӅ ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ QKѭ VDX ³W{L
UҩW WKiQ SKөF ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ Yu WtQK WuQK FKkQ WKұW WUXQJ WtQ
tW QyL WK{QJ PLQK OӏFK GX\ӋW QKѭ Oj PӝW QKj QJRҥL JLDR /~F {QJ
'LӋP Eӏ OұW ÿә {QJ 9LrQ Oj Wѭ OӋQK 1Kҧ\ ' 0һF G Eӏ ÿH GRҥ ÿӃQ WtQK
PҥQJ {QJ 9LrQ YүQ PӝW OzQJ WUXQJ WKjQK YӟL WәQJ WKӕQJ QrQ NK{QJ
FKӏX WKDP JLD ÿҧR FKiQK 'R ÿy VDX NKL ÿҧR FKiQK {QJ Eӏ FҫP W Yj OrQ
iQ Wӱ KuQK 1KѭQJ Yu ҧQK KѭӣQJ FXҧ {QJ TXi PҥQK QrQ FXӕL FQJ ÿѭӧF
WUҧ Wӵ GR Yj ÿѭӧF WUӣ OҥL QҳP TX\ӅQ ´

“ 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ Ĉm ;LQ 7ӯ &KӭF 1ăP 6iX /ҫQ
³7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP Yà
WiF JLҧ ÿm ÿӋ ÿѫQ [LQ
77 7KLӋX FKR YӅ KѭX tW QKҩW
Oj OҫQ /ê GR Oj Yu WiF JLҧ ÿã
ӣ FKӭF Yө 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX
7UѭӣQJ TXi OkX WUrQ QăP
ÿm ÿӫ WKkP QLrQ TXkQ Yө
FQJ VӭF NKRҿ NpP Fy Nèm
theo giҩ\ EiF Vƭ FKӭQJ QKұQ
Trong mӝW FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ WKX
hình dành cho TiӃQ 6ƭ /kP
/Ӊ 7ULQK WҥL 9LUJLQLD YjR QăP
FӵX ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ FDR 9ăQ
9LrQ FKR ELӃW {QJ ÿm [LQ Wӯ
chӭF WҩW Fҧ Oà 6 lҫQ´

/kP /Ӊ 7ULQK 0ҥQ ÿjP 9ӟL Ĉ7 &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ ´ QJj\ WKiQJ
QăP ÿm YLӃW YӅ ÿҥL WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ QKѭ VDX

´/j PӝW WѭӟQJ OmQK WUѭӟF WuQK WKӃ KәQ ORҥQ ӣ PLӅQ 7UXQJ GR
PӝW QKyP 3KұW *LiR WKkQ FӝQJ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ SKi KRҥL {QJ ÿm FѭѫQJ
TX\ӃW ÿһW TX\ӅQ OӧL 'kQ 7ӝF OrQ WUrQ KӃW

³7{L UD OӋQK FKtQK WKӭF FKR ÿѫQ Yӏ Qj\ WұS WUXQJ ÿ~QJ QJj\ JLӡ ҩQ

ÿӏQK WҥL VkQ ED\ 4XҧQJ 1JmL QyL Oj ÿӇ NK{QJ YұQ YӅ 6jLJzQ WKD\ EҵQJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 131

PӝW WLӇX ÿRjQ NKiF 3KҧL GQJ PѭX ҩ\ ÿӇ ÿiQK OҥF KѭӟQJ 9LӋQ +Ri
ĈҥR Fy QJѭӡL JjL NKҳS QѫL ĈrP K{P ÿy ÿ~QJ JLӡ W{L ÿѭD WKrP
WLӇX ÿRjQ NKiF QKұS FKXQJ YӟL WLӇX ÿRjQ Fy VҹQ WKjQK JLDR FKR ÿҥL
Wi 1J{ 4XDQJ 7UѭӣQJ FKӍ KX\ WUjQ Y{ FiF FKD EҳW FiF SKҫQ Wӱ QJX\
KLӇP JLҧL WiQ EҵQJ ELӋQ SKiS PҥQK FiF ә GkQ TXkQ EXӝF Kӑ EX{QJ
V~QJ &XӝF KjQK TXkQ FѭѫQJ TX\ӃW Qj\ ÿm ÿHP OҥL NӃW TXҧ ´

³;LQ ÿӯQJ [HP QKӳQJ OӡL FӫD W{L Oj OӏFK Vӱ 0ӛL QJѭӡL JLҧL WKtFK Vӵ
WKұW WKHR OӕL ULrQJ QKѭ WURQJ SKLP ³5DVKRPRQ´ 0ӝW WUăP FKӭQJ QKkQ
PӝW WUăP Vӵ WKұW ĈӏQK NLӃQ OjP FKR OӏFK Vӱ VDL OӋFK 7{L FKӍ WkP WuQK
YӟL OzQJ WKjQK +m\ ÿӇ FKR KұX WKӃ OѭӧQJ ÿӏQK Yj SKkQ [pW´

7Uҧ OӡL FXӝF SKӓQJ YҩQ FXҧ / 6 /kP /Ӊ 7ULQK WKiQJ QăP
ĈҥL 7ѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ Fy QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 QKѭ VDX

“7̩L 0L͉Q 1DP FK~QJ WD WKL͇X FiF \͇X W͙ WKX̵Q OͫL ̭\ FK~QJ WD
NK{QJ OLrQ WͭF WURQJ V͹ OmQK ÿ̩R 9ͣL P͡W ÿ͛QJ PLQK QK˱ +RD NǤ
WK͵ K͗L OjP Ju ÿ˱ͫF" Ĉ͛QJ PLQK YͣL 0Ϳ NKy K˯Q Oj N̓ WK FͯD 0Ϳ
91 NK{QJ SK̫L Oj TX͙F JLD ÿ̯X WLrQ WKt QJKL͏P EjL K͕F ÿDX ÿͣQ Qj\
91&+ FK͑ Oj P͡W FRQ Fͥ WURQJ FKL͇Q O˱ͫF WRjQ F̯X FͯD ÿ̩L F˱ͥQJ +RD
NǤ &KL͇Q O˱ͫF ̭\ ÿ̩W ÿ˱ͫF PͭF WLrX VDX NKL 1L[RQ J̿S 0DR 7U̩FK
Ĉ{QJ QăP W̩L %̷F NLQK ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FRQ QJѭӡL FӫD ÿҥL WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ ÐQJ /kP
LӉ Trinh viӃW :

³ĈҥL WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ VӁ OѭX OҥL WURQJ Nê ӭF FiF QJѭӡL WӯQJ ELӃW
{QJ WKkQ KӳX EҥQ ÿӗQJ ÿӝL QKѭ Nҿ EҩW ÿӗQJ ê NLӃQ KuQK ҧQK FӫD Oòng
FKXQJ WKӫ\ ³WUѭӟF VDX QKѭ PӝW´ NK{QJ D GXD NK{QJ SKҧQ WUҳF Wӯ WӕQ
NKL SKr EuQK FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿRjQ NӃW WURQJ WuQK KX\QK ÿӋ FKL ELQK ´

/RQJ ĈLӅQ WyP OѭӧF FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD ĈҥL WѭӟQJ &DR 9ăQ 9Lên
YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP QKѭ VDX

ÐQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ PһF G OrQ ÿӃQ FҩS EұF ÿҥL WѭӟQJ JLӱ FKӭF Yө
7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX 7UѭӣQJ 4/91&+ PӝW FKӭF Yө FDR QKҩW WURQJ TXkQ
ÿӝL QKѭQJ {QJ NK{QJ KӅ Fy WKDP YӑQJ FKtQK WUӏ Pj FKӍ PXӕQ WKL Kành
FiF QKLӋP Yө WURQJ 4XkQ /ӵF 91&+ JLDR SKy

ÐQJ JҫQ QKѭ NK{QJ WKDP JLD YjR FiF FXӝF ÿҧR FKiQK G Fy Eӏ
PXD FKXӝF KRһF pS EXӝF EӣL FiF SKH ÿҧR FKiQK

7URQJ ELӃQ ÿӝQJ 0LӅQ 7UXQJ {QJ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ QKkQ
YұW Fy F{QJ WURQJ YLӋF GҽS ORҥQ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ YӟL ê ÿӗ OӧL GөQJ 3KұW *LiR
ÿӇ FѭӟS FKtQK TX\ӅQ

ÐQJ &DR 9ăQ 9LrQ Oj PӝW WѭӟQJ OmQK JѭѫQJ PүX YӅ Wѭ FiFK ÿҥR
ÿӭF WuQK FKLӃQ KӳX [ӭQJ ÿiQJ OjP JѭѫQJ FKR FiF TXkQ QKkQ 4/91&+

132 LONG ĐIỀN

*LiR 6ѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\

7rQ WKұW 1*8<ӈ1 1*Ӑ& +8<
Bí danh: HÙNG NGUYÊN

%~W KLӋX ĈҵQJ 3KѭѫQJ Yj QKLӅX E~W KLӋX NKiF

http://www.tinparis.net/chanhtri/LMDC_nnhuyts.html 7LӇX Vӱ
* 6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\

³$ &KL WLӃW Fi QKѫQ

- 6DQK QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL &Kӧ /ӟQ 1DP 9LӋW 1KѭQJ
TXr FKiQK WKXӝF OjQJ 0ӻ /ӝF TXұQ 7kQ 8\rQ WӍQK %LrQ +zD 1DP
9LӋW 1DP

- 4XD ÿӡL JLӡ WӕL JLӡ 3DULV 3KiS 4XӕF QJj\
WҥL 3DULV 3KiS 4XӕF

9ăQ EҵQJ

7LӃQ 6ƭ &KiQK 7Uӏ +ӑF 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD Yj
.KRD +ӑF .LQK 7Ӄ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 3DULV /XұQ iQ ³ ĈӅ WjL QJѭӡL ѭX W~
WURQJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ FKiQK WUӏ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fә WKӡL´

&DR +ӑF &KiQK 7Uӏ 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD Yj .KRD
+ӑF .LQK 7Ӄ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 3DULV /XұQ YăQ ³/Ӊ WURQJ Wѭ WѭӣQJ FKiQK
WUӏ 7UXQJ 4XӕF Fә WKӡL´

&ӱ 1KѫQ /XұW .KRD Yj .KRD +ӑF .LQK 7Ӄ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 3DULV

7ӕW QJKLӋS 9LӋQ 1JKLrQ &ӭX &KiQK 7Uӏ %DQ %DQJ *LDR 4XӕF
7Ӄ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 3DULV

7ӵ KӑF WKL ÿұX EҵQJ 7~ 7jL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 133

7ӕW QJKLӋS %DQ &DR ÿҷQJ 7LӇX +ӑF ӣ WUѭӡQJ 7UXQJ +ӑF 3pWUXV
7UѭѫQJ 9ƭQK .ê

% &KӭF Yө
7URQJ 1JjQK *LҧQJ +XҩQ

7ӯ 3Kө .KҧR WҥL 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD +DUYDUG 9LӋQ
ĈҥL +ӑF +DUYDUG

*LiR 6ѭ &KiQK 7Uӏ +ӑF Yj /XұW +LӃQ 3KiS ӣ

+ӑF 9LӋQ 4XӕF *LD +jQK &KiQK 6jL *zQ

7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD Yj .KRD +ӑF ;m +ӝL 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF
&ҫQ 7Kѫ

7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF 6ѭ 3KҥP 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 6jL *zQ
7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF +XӃ

&iF 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF Wѭ Ĉj /ҥW 9ҥQ +ҥQK 0LQK ĈӭF 0LQK 7Ut

ĈӗQJ WKӡL JLҧQJ YLrQ ӣ

7UѭӡQJ &DR ĈҷQJ 4XӕF 3KzQJ

7UѭӡQJ &KӍ +X\ 7KDP 0ѭX &DR &ҩS
7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF &KLӃQ 7UDQK &KiQK 7Uӏ

7KX\ӃW 7UuQK

9$, 75Ñ +Ӗ &+Ë 0,1+ 7521* ',ӈ1 7,ӂ1 &Ӫ$ 7Î1+
75Ҥ1* 1+Ѫ1 48<ӄ1 7Ҥ, 9,ӊ7 1$0 +Ӝ, 7+Ҧ2 9ӄ Ĉӄ 7¬,
³&21 1*ѬӠ, 9¬ ', 6Ҧ1 &Ӫ$ +Ӗ &+Ë 0,1+´ GR PӝW Vӕ ÿRjQ WKӇ
9LӋW 1DP Yj 3KiS Wә FKӭF WҥL ĈLӋQ /X[HPERXUJ 7Uө Vӣ 7KѭӧQJ 1JKӏ
9LӋQ 3KiS WURQJ QJj\ Yj

&+È1+ 6È&+ 48Ӕ& 3+Ñ1* &Ӫ$ &Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1 9,ӊ7 1$0
7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF .K{QJ 4XkQ +RD .Ǥ &RORUDGR 6SULQJV &RORUDGR
+RD .Ǥ QJj\

.,1+ 1*+,ӊ0 &Ӫ$ +2$ .ǣ 7Ҥ, 9,ӊ7 1$0 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL
+ӑF .K{QJ 4XkQ +RD .Ǥ &RORUDGR 6SULQJV &RORUDGR +RD .Ǥ QJj\
12-4-1988.

&Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1 9,ӊ7 1$0 9¬ 1ӄ1 $1 1,1+ È &+Æ8 9LӋQ
ĈҥL +ӑF 0RQDVK 0HOERXUQH ÒF ĈҥL /ӧL QJj\

/,Ç1 0,1+ /,Ç1 6Ð &Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1 9,ӊ7 1$0 9¬ 1ӄ1
AN NINH CӪ$ ĈÐ1* 1$0 È &+Æ8 +ӝL 7KҧR %jQ 7UzQ GR +ӝL
,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO +ӝL ĈӗQJ $Q 1LQK 4XӕF 7Ӄ Wә FKӭF ӣ

134 LONG ĐIỀN

%DQJNRN Wӯ QJj\ ÿӃQ

75Ұ1 &+,ӂ1 ĈҨ8 &8Ӕ, &Ô1* 9¬ 6Ӵ 6Ө3 ĈӘ &Ӫ$ 0,ӄ1
NAM VIӊ7 1$0 +ӝL 7KҧR YӅ ÿӅ WjL .,1+ 1*+,ӊ0
9,ӊ7 1$0 GR 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF *ODVVERUR Wә FKӭF WURQJ
hai ngày 7 và 8-4-1986.

9,ӊ7 1$0 'ѬӞ, È&+ &Ӝ1* 6Ҧ1 1KҵP +ӝL 7KҧR YӅ Ĉ{QJ
Nam Á Châu trong Trung Tâm Nghiên CӭX &iF 9ҩQ ĈӅ 4XӕF 7Ӄ WKXӝF
9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF +DUYDUG QJj\ YӅ VDX ÿѭӧF 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF
*HRUJH 0DVRQ ÿăQJ OҥL WURQJ ORҥW EjL QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ 91

7+Ӵ& 75Ҥ1* Ӣ 9,ӊ7 1$0 9¬ &È& 1ѬӞ& ĈÐ1* 'ѬѪ1*
9¬ *,Ҧ, 3+È3 &+2 &È& 9Ҩ1 Ĉӄ '2 &È& 1ѬӞ& Ҩ< *Æ< 5$
7UXQJ 7kP 9ăQ +yD È 0ӻ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF 0LQQHVRWD QJj\

1*8<Ç1 1+Ѫ1 9¬ +Ұ8 48Ҧ &Ӫ$ 9,ӊ& 0,ӄ1 1$0 9,ӊ7
NAM SӨ3 ĈӘ 1Ă0 ĈҥL +ӝL 7RjQ 4XӕF FӫD +LӋS +ӝL 1JKLrQ
&ӭX 0ӻ È 9Ӆ È &KkX Yj 7KiL %uQK 'ѭѫQJ 9LӋQ ĈҥL +ӑF :DVKLQJWRQ
ӣ 6HDWWOH WKXӝF 7LӇX %DQJ :DVKLQJWRQ Wӯ QJj\ ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ
QăP

³ѬӟF Pѫ FXӕL ÿӡL FӫD *LiR 6ѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ Oj ÿѭӧF VӕQJ ÿӡL
ҭQ Vƭ ÿӇ YLӃW ViFK SKkQ WtFK WҥL VDR GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP TXҧ FҧP WK{QJ
PLQK QKѭQJ OҥL FKӏX TXi QKLӅX EҩW KҥQK ÿӇ JL~S FKR FiF WKӃ KӋ WKDQK
QLrQ WUiQK ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ VDL OҫP WDL KҥL WURQJ TXi NKӭ QJ} KҫX [k\ GӵQJ
PӝW QӅQ YăQ KyD OjQK PҥQK YӳQJ FKҳF Yj ÿһF WK GkQ WӝF

7LӃF WKD\ PӝW ÿӡL WұQ Wө\ K\ VLQK JҫQ QӱD WKӃ Nӹ FKR GkQ WӝF
QKѭQJ *LiR 6ѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ FKѭD WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF WkP QJX\ӋQ
ÿѫQ Vѫ EuQK Gӏ UҩW ÿiQJ \rX Qj\

ÐQJ Wҥ WKӃ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WҥL 3DULV 3KiS 4XӕF ÿӇ
OҥL SKtD VDX PӝW FXӝF ÿӡL SKөF Yө WұQ Wө\ FKR GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP [ӭQJ
ÿiQJ OjP JѭѫQJ FKR FiF WKӃ KӋ PDL VDX QKѭ OӡL FKLD EXӗQ FӫD 7әQJ
7KӕQJ +RD .Ǥ *HRUJH %XVK VDX NKL KD\ WLQ ÐQJ PҩW ´

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ * 6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ FӫD FiF QKkQ Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP
Yj 4XӕF WӃ WyP OѭӧF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ

&ӵX 7әQJ 7KӕQJ +RD .Ǥ *HRUJH %XVK FKR UҵQJ NK{QJ QKӳQJ
{QJ ÿm SKөF Yө GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP Pj FzQ SKөF Yө GkQ FK~QJ +RD .Ǥ
Yj Oj PӝW WҩP JѭѫQJ SKөF Yө ÿӕL YӟL FiF WKӃ KӋ PDL VDX

³7URQJ Vӵ QJKLӋS JL~S QѭӟF Fy WKӇ QyL {QJ Oj QJѭӡL Fy F{QJ OӟQ
JL~S GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP KѭӣQJ ÿѭӧF Wӵ GR GkQ FKӫ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ Pj
ÿҩW QѭӟF Eӏ ÿҳP FKuP WURQJ FKLӃQ WUDQK [kP OѭӧF &{QJ ÿӭF FӫD {QJ

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 135

WKұW UҩW [ӭQJ ÿiQJ ÿѭӧF QKҳF QKӣ Yj ÿӅ FDR´ 39

*LiR Vѭ 6WHSKHQ % <RXQJ

³*LiR Vѭ 6WHSKHQ <RXQJ FӵX .KRD 7UѭӣQJ ĈҥL +ӑF /XұW .KRD
+DPOLQH WҥL 0LQHVRWD ÿm OrQ SKiW ELӇX FҧP WѭӣQJ %ҵQJ PӝW JLӑQJ
FKkQ WKjQK Yj FҧP [~F *LiR Vѭ <RXQJ ± QyL UҩW WK{QJ WKҥR WLӃQJ 9LӋW
– FKR ÿӗQJ EjR ELӃW Vӵ NtQK QӇ FӫD {QJ ÿӕL YӟL PӝW QJѭӡL ÿm K\ VLQK
FKR 7ә TXӕF FKR Wӵ GR FӫD GkQ WӝF *LiR Vѭ <RXQJ ÿm WӯQJ FRL Fӕ *6
NguyӉQ 1JӑF +X\ NK{QJ QKӳQJ FKӍ Oj PӝW QJѭӡL EҥQ ÿӗQJ FKt KѭӟQJ
Pj FzQ Oj PӝW EұF 7Kҫ\ NKҧ NtQK ´

7UtFK WѭӡQJ WKXұW EXәL OӉ WUX\ ÿLӋX &ӕ *6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ WҥL
+RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ QJj\ FӫD 7XҫQ %iR 7KXұQ $Q SKiW KjQK WҥL
+RD 7KӏQK ĈӕQ WKiQJ

7URQJ EXәL OӉ WѭӣQJ QLӋP *6 +X\ WҥL 1DP &DOLIRUQLD QJj\
*6 6WHSKHQ <RXQJ ÿm NKҷQJ ÿӏQK WURQJ EjL NKyF EҥQ ³7{L SKҧL NӃW
OXұQ *6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ FKtQK WUӏ JLD Yj Wѭ
WѭӣQJ JLD ViQJ WҥR Yj ÿyQJ JyS QKLӅX QKӭW FӫD QJѭӡL 4XӕF JLD 9LӋW
Nam.”

'kQ %LӇX &DQDGD {QJ 'DYLG .LOJRXU ÿm FD WөQJ ³{QJ Oj PӝW
*DQGKL 9LӋW 1DP WUѭӟF 4XӕF +ӝL &DQDGD QKұQ [pW UҵQJ FKѭD Fy DL
SKөF Yө Oê WѭӣQJ OkX GjL QKѭ {QJ ”

1Kj EuQK OXұQ 7UҫQ %uQK 1DP FKR UҵQJ ´6ӵ WұQ KLӃQ FXӝF ÿӡL FKR
7ә TXӕF Oj TXDQ QLӋP ÿѭӧF QKҳF QKӣ WURQJ QKӳQJ WUDQJ DQK KQJ Vӱ
Yj Oj PӝW ê QLӋP WUӯX WѭӧQJ ÿӇ QXQJ QҩX OzQJ \rX QѭӟF FӫD FRQ GkQ
QKѭQJ YӟL *LiR Vѭ +X\ {QJ ÿm Fө WKӇ KyD EҵQJ FKtQK FXӝF ÿӡL PuQK
Ĉy Oj PӝW WҩP JѭѫQJ Fy WKӇ Vӡ Py ÿѭӧF Yj Oj PӝW EjL KӑF KLӋQ WLӅQ
NK{QJ FK~W WUӯX WѭӧQJ ÿiQJ ÿӇ JLiR GөF OӟS WUҿ QJj\ QD\ ÐQJ WLQ UҵQJ
QӃX PӛL QJѭӡL Fy ÿѭӧF PӝW SKҫQ QKӓ ÿӭF WұQ Wө\ FӫD *LiR Vѭ +X\ ÿӕL
YӟL TXӕF GkQ WKu ÿy Oj FiL PD\ OӟQ FKR GkQ WӝF Yұ\ ´

&ӵX ĈҥL Vӭ 91&+ %L 'LӉP Oj EҥQ WkP JLDR FӫD *LiR Vѭ +X\ Wӯ
O~F FzQ WUҿ ³ OX{Q OX{Q WUkQ TXê W̭P OzQJ V̷W VRQ FͯD {QJ YͣL ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF´

7UҫQ 9ăQ ÆQ QKj &iFK P̩QJ O̫R WKjQK JKL WKrP EjL Y͓ WUrQ
EjQ WKͥ FͯD PuQK WrQ FKt VL 1JX\͍Q 1J͕F +X\ ErQ F̩QK +͛ 9ăQ 1Jj
Nguy͍Q 9ăQ 6kP 7̩ 7KX 7KkX

1Kj EiR 7UҫQ &ӫQJ 6ѫQ FKR UҵQJ PӝW QJѭӡL WKDP JLD KRҥW ÿӝQJ
FKtQK WUӏ Wӯ PѭӡL FKtQ WXәL FKR ÿӃQ PmQ ÿӡL WyF EҥF TXҧ WKұW NKy WuP
ÿѭӧF PӝW QKkQ YұW QjR X\ WtQ Yj ÿҥR ÿӭF QKѭ *LiR Vѭ +X\ .KL NKyF
QJѭӡL FKLӃQ Vƭ PLӋW PjL WUDQK ÿҩX FKR Oê WѭӣQJ FiFK PҥQJ Qҫ\ QKj EiR

136 LONG ĐIỀN

/RQJ ÆQ ÿm WKӕW OrQ ³/LӋX WD Fy FzQ WKҩ\ DL NKL WKҳS ÿXӕF ÿL JLӳD EDQ
ngày hay không?”
1Kj EiR /r 'X\ 9LӋW ³ÐQJ Oj PӝW JLiR Vѭ OӛL OҥF Yj FNJQJ Oj PӝW nhà
KQJ ELӋQ YӟL Oê OXұQ X\ӇQ FKX\ӇQ YL WӃ YӟL QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK Yj WҫP
QKuQ [D FKtQK [iF NK{QJ GӉ Ju Fy PӝW Eӝ yF WKӭ KDL ´

*LiR Vѭ /ѭX 7UXQJ .KҧR ÿm WKXұW OҥL ³7KjQK F{QJ QJRҥQ PөF FӫD
*LiR Vѭ +X\ WURQJ YLӋF SKi Yӥ kP PѭX FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ Kҥ QKөF SKiL ÿRjQ
91&+ WҥL 7k\ ĈӭF NKL EuQK WƭQK JLҧQJ JLҧL FKR ÿiP VLQK YLrQ thân
FӝQJ UӗL EҩW QJӡ WUѭQJ GүQ QKӳQJ WjL OLӋX NK{QJ WKӇ FKӕL FmL ÿѭӧF ÿӇ
NӃW WӝL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK ÿm UѭӟF TXkQ [kP OăQJ YjR 9LӋW 1DP´

.ê JLҧ /{ 5ăQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK UҵQJ ³7URQJ QKӳQJ PҩW PiW FӫD QJѭӡL

TXӕF JLD ӣ KҧL QJRҥL PҩW PiW Qҫ\ Oj WR OӟQ QKҩW ´

&ӵX 'kQ %LӇX 'ѭѫQJ 7KDQK 7ӗQ W{Q YLQK {QJ Oj ³GDQK QKkQ FӫD

WKӡL ÿҥL´
&KtQK QKӡ ÿӭF ÿӝ NKҧ QăQJ WKX\ӃW SKөF FӫD {QJ ÿm JL~S {QJ ÿҥW

ÿѭӧF NǤ F{QJ Oj NrX JӑL ÿѭӧF WUrQ FKtQK NKiFK GkQ ELӇX QJKӏ Vƭ
WѭӟQJ OmQK QKj EiR 4XӕF 7Ӄ WKDP JLD WKjQK OұS Ӫ\ %DQ 4XӕF WӃ <ӇP
7Uӧ 9LӋW 1DP 7ӵ 'R ÐQJ WKӵF [ӭQJ ÿiQJ Oj QKj YұQ ÿӝQJ [XҩW VҳF tW
DL ÿӫ NKҧ QăQJ WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӧF

7UtFK WURQJ 7ѭӣQJ QLӋP &ӕ *LiR 6ѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ 1KkQ
Ngày Giӛ 7Kӭ

http://www.vietnamreview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=a
rticle&sid=4369

3KѭѫQJ 7UuQK 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ ÿӇ ÿҩX WUDQK 'kQ &Kӫ FKR
9LӋW 1DP:

http://www.doi-thoai.com/ndh_nguyendinhhuy02.html :

³0XӕQ JLҧL SKyQJ GkQ WӝF 9LӋW 1DP NKӓL iFK ÿӝF WjL WRjQ GLӋQ FӫD
&ӝQJ VҧQ +j 1ӝL FK~QJ WD SKҧL OjP ED YLӋF VRQJ VRQJ QKDX 0ӝW Oj
Wә FKӭF WUDQK ÿҩX WURQJ QѭӟF KDL Oj Vӵ Wә FKӭF QJRjL QѭӟF ÿӇ \ӇP WUӧ
FXӝF WUDQK ÿҩX WURQJ QѭӟF Yj ED Oj YұQ ÿӝQJ TXӕF WӃ ÿӇ FiF QѭӟF EҥQ
JL~S FK~QJ WD WURQJ FXӝF WUDQK ÿҩX´

1rQ QăP EҵQJ QKӳQJ Qӛ OӵF GX KjQK Yj YұQ ÿӝQJ NKҳS WKӃ
JLӟL *LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ FQJ QKӳQJ ÿӗQJ FKt FNJ Yj PӝW Vӕ
QKѫQ WjL WKkQ KӳX Fy FKXQJ PөF ÿtFK ÿҩX WUDQK ÿDQJ OѭX Fѭ ӣ FiF
TXӕF JLD Wӵ GR QKѭ +RD .Ǥ 3KiS &DQDGD ÒF WKjQK OұS Wә FKӭF
FKiQK WUӏ Fy WrQ Oj /LrQ 0LQK 'kQ &Kӫ 9LӋW 1DP YӟL EҧQ 7X\rQ 1J{Q
ÿѭӧF SKә ELӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP FKR WӟL QD\ KѫQ QăP VDX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 137

YүQ FzQ JLi WUӏ FKӍ ÿҥR FKR FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK ÿѭӧF WLӃS GLӉQ WӯQJ QJj\ 7ӯ
ÿy YӃ WKӭ QKӭW FӫD SKѭѫQJ WUuQK 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ WKjQK KuQK

1KұQ WKҩ\ /LrQ 0LQK 'kQ &Kӫ 9LӋW 1DP FKӍ Oj PӝW Wә FKӭF FKiQK
WUӏ ӣ KҧL QJRҥL Yj FKӍ Fy WiF GөQJ YұQ ÿӝQJ TXӕF WӃ ӫQJ Kӝ FKiQK QJKƭD
TXӕF JLD 9LӋW 1DP WtFK FӵF OҳP FNJQJ FKӍ iS OӵF FKiQK WUӏ ÿӕL YӟL EҥR
TX\ӅQ &ӝQJ VҧQ ӣ TXӕF QӝL Pj ҧQK KѭӣQJ FRL QKѭ FKӍ Fy WLӃQJ YDQJ
FzQ NӃW TXҧ WKu WKұW Vӵ ÿӝF ÿҧQJ ÿӝF WjL FKҷQJ QKӳQJ Fӭ WUѫ WUѫ UD ÿy
OҳP O~F FzQ ÿѭӧF OӯD Pӏ WLQK YL Yj iS ÿһW WӋ KҥL KѫQ QӳD NKLӃQ QJѭӡL
GkQ YүQ WLӃS WөF Eӏ iS FKӃ ÿӡL VӕQJ QJѭӡL GkQ YүQ WLӃS WөF OҫP WKDQ Fѫ
FӵF WULӅQ PLrQ

%LӃW UҵQJ /LrQ 0LQK 'kQ &Kӫ 9LӋW 1DP YӟL YDL WUz FӫD PӝW Wә
FKӭF FKiQK WUӏ ӣ KҧL QJRҥL VRQJ VRQJ YӟL PӝW Vӕ Wә FKӭF FKiQK WUӏ NKiF
NK{QJ WKӇ OjP ÿѭӧF FKX\ӋQ ³FiFK VѫQ ÿҧ QJѭX´ NK{QJ WKӇ ÿӭQJ ErQ
Qҫ\ Q~L ÿiQK FKӃW FRQ WUkX ӣ ErQ NLD Q~L Pj SKҧL Fy PӝW Wә FKӭF PӝW
OӵF OѭӧQJ Fy WKӵF OӵF Fy PһW ӣ TXӕF QӝL SKҧL Fy PӝW Wә FKӭF Fy QJѭӡL
Fy NKҧ QăQJ Yj SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ WUӵF GLӋQ ÿҩX WUDQK YӟL Nҿ WK QJD\ WURQJ
OzQJ Nҿ WK QKѭ PӝW Y} Vƭ SKҧL QKұS QӝL QҳP ÿѭӧF WKҳW OѭQJ FӫD ÿӏFK
WKӫ PӟL YұW QJҧ ÿѭӧF ÿӏFK WKӫ

'R ÿy NKL WKҩ\ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WKҩW EҥL OLrQ PLrQ WURQJ YLӋF WUӏ
QѭӟF ÿһF ELӋW WUrQ SKѭѫQJ GLӋQ NLQK WӃ VDX NKL FK~QJ Kӫ\ KRҥL KҫX KӃW
WjL QJX\rQ Yj QKѫQ OӵF FӫD 0LӅQ 1DP 9LӋW 1DP Yu OzQJ WKDP NK{QJ
FѭӥQJ ÿѭӧF FӫD PӝW Vӕ OӟQ QJѭӡL QKӓ QKHQ Yj ÿҫQ ÿӝQ [XҩW WKkQ Wӯ
0LӅQ %ҳF ;m KӝL &Kӫ QJKƭD ÿyL QJKqR FӝQJ YӟL Vӵ FDR QJҥR TXi ÿiQJ
FӫD QKӳQJ FRQ QJѭӡL QJX QJѫ JLiR ÿLӅX ;m KӝL &Kӫ QJKƭD FKӟ WKұW Vӵ
NK{QJ ELӃW Yj FNJQJ NK{QJ KLӇX WKӃ QjR Oj ;m KӝL &Kӫ QJKƭD VDX NKL
PӑL FӫD FKuP FӫD QәL FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ 0LӅQ 1DP Eӏ FiQ Eӝ 0LӅQ %ҳF
FѭӟS ÿRҥW Yj ODP WDQ QiW KӃW Pj FiF QѭӟF ;m KӝL &Kӫ QJKƭD DQK HP
FӫD FK~QJ FKҷQJ QKӳQJ NK{QJ FӭX JL~S Pj FzQ tW QKLӅX WKD\ QKDX ÿzL
Vӕ Qӧ FK~QJ ÿm FKR YD\ WURQJ WKӡL FKLӃQ NKLӃQ FiF FҩS OmQK ÿҥR QJӗL ӣ
%ҳF %ӝ 3Kӫ +j 1ӝL NK{QJ FzQ FiFK QjR NKiF KѫQ Oj SKҧL Kp Pӣ FӱD ÿӇ
[LQ FҫX YLӋQ Wӯ WKӃ JLӟL Wӵ GR YӕQ JLjX OzQJ Wӯ WKLӋQ WURQJ ÿy Fy PӝW
Vӕ UҩW VҹQ VjQJ WKHR ÿy WuP Fѫ KӝL NKDL WKiF FiF QJXӗQ OӧL Fy WKӇ Fy OLӅQ
VDX Vӵ JL~S ÿӥ ÿѭӧF EDQ SKiW

*LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ ÿm WѭѫQJ NӃ WӵX NӃ GӵD YjR ÿy UӗL
QѭѫQJ WKHR ÿy FKR QJѭӡL WUj WUӝQ YjR ÿRjQ QJѭӡL YӅ TXr WuP FiFK
WLӃS [~F YӟL QKӳQJ ÿӗQJ FKt ÿDQJ VӕQJ ӣ TXr QKj WURQJ ÿy Fy PӝW Vӕ
OmQK Wө ÿDQJ Eӏ JLDP FҫP WURQJ FiF WUҥL W ³FҧL WҥR´ Wӯ 1DP FKt %ҳF
ÿӇ WKjQK OұS PӝW Wә FKӭF KRҥW ÿӝQJ QJD\ WҥL TXӕF QӝL KRҥW ÿӝQJ QJD\
WURQJ OzQJ ÿӏFK ÿӇ QӃX FKѭD FҩS WKӡL ÿiQK ÿӏFK ÿѭӧF WKu FNJQJ PDL SKөF

138 LONG ĐIỀN

FKӡ WKӡL Fѫ WKXұQ WLӋQ WKHR Vӵ OѭӧQJ JLi FӫD QJѭӡL OmQK ÿҥR Fy PһW
QJD\ WURQJ QѭӟF FQJ Vӵ ÿiQK JLi FӫD Wә FKӭF 4XӕF 7Ӄ <ӇP 7Uӧ 9LӋW
Nam Tӵ 'R

7ӯ ÿy YӃ WKӭ KDL FӫD SKѭѫQJ WUuQK 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ WKành hình.
9jL QJѭӡL ÿҥL GLӋQ FӫD Wә FKӭF Qҫ\ ÿѭӧF JӣL UD KҧL QJRҥL WKDP Gӵ ĈҥL
KӝL WRjQ WKӃ JLӟL FӫD /LrQ 0LQK 'kQ &Kӫ 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF Wә FKӭF WҥL
+zD /DQ YjR ÿҫX WKiQJ QăP Pj WKjQK SKҫQ OmQK ÿҥR Yu Vӵ DQ
WRjQ O~F Eҩ\ JLӡ FKѭD WLӋQ F{QJ Eӕ WUѭӟF TXҫQ FK~QJ

7URQJ WKӃ FiF TXӕF JLD PXӕQ VDQK WӗQ SKҧL KӝL QKұS YjR GzQJ WLӃQ
FӫD WRjQ FҫX &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm NK{QJ OjP NKiF KѫQ ÿѭӧF NKL
Vӵ VDQK WӗQ FӫD FK~QJ FjQJ O~F FjQJ FRL QKѭ Eӏ OӋ WKXӝF QKLӅX Yào các
TXӕF JLD FҩS YLӋQ WURQJ WKӃ JLӟL Wk\ SKѭѫQJ 7ӯ ÿy FiF FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK
FKӕQJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP PXӕQ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ WKjQK TXҧ WӕW SKҧL FҫQ
ÿӃQ Vӵ WUӧ JL~S FӫD TXӕF WӃ ÿһF ELӋW Oj FiF TXӕF JLD 7k\ SKѭѫQJ FiF
TXӕF JLD Pj &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP ÿDQJ FҫQ Vӵ FҩS YLӋQ ÿӇ SKiW WULӇQ NLQK
WӃ Yj ÿӇ WӗQ WҥL

&NJQJ Wӯ ÿy *LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ QJӑF +X\ YұQ ÿӝQJ WKjQK OұS Ӫ\ %DQ
4XӕF 7Ӄ <ӇP 7Uӧ 9LӋW 1DP 7ӵ 'R Pj Vӵ WӃ QKӏ FӫD YҩQ ÿӅ Wӵ iL Yà
WҫP ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿzL KӓL Qy FҫQ ÿѭӧF NKӣL ÿҫX Wӯ PӝW TXӕF JLD NK{QJ
Eӏ ³Gӏ ӭQJ´ YӟL PӝW Vӕ TXӕF JLD NKiF ÿһF ELӋW Oj FiF FѭӡQJ TXӕF 7k\
SKѭѫQJ 7ә FKӭF Qҫ\ ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS Yj UD PҳW QăP YӟL Yӏ FKӫ
WӏFK ÿҫX WLrQ Oj {QJ 3DXO 9DQNHUNKRYHQ QJX\rQ 'kQ ELӇX 1JKӏ KӝL ÆX
FKkX Yj FiF QKѫQ YұW WURQJ Ӫ\ EDQ 'DQK Gӵ Fy PһW NKҳS FiF TXӕF
JLD $QK %Ӎ +zD /DQ +\ /ҥS /ӛ 0D 1L /өF ;kP %ҧR 3KiS 7k\
ĈӭF 7Kө\ 6ƭ é ÒF ĈҥL /ӧL &DQDGD +RD .Ǥ 7ӯ ÿy YӃ WKӭ ED FӫD
SKѭѫQJ WUuQK 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ WKjQK KuQK

7yP OҥL FKR WӟL QD\ WURQJ FXӝF FKLӃQ 4XӕF &ӝQJ *LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ
NgӑF +X\ ÿm KuQK WKjQK SKѭѫQJ WKӭF ÿҩX WUDQK ÿӝF ÿiR ÿѭӧF FiF
ÿӗQJ FKt FӫD {QJ JӑL Oj ³3KѭѫQJ WUuQK 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\´ Ĉy Oj FXӝF
ÿҩX WUDQK ÿӗQJ Eӝ Yj FQJ O~F WUrQ PһW WUұQ

1 7Kӭ QKӭW Oj PһW WUұQ TXӕF QӝL YӟL OӵF OѭӧQJ WUӵF GLӋQ ÿӕL
ÿҫX YӟL &ӝQJ VҧQ QJD\ WҥL TXr QKj, thành phҫQ FKӫ \ӃX TX\ӃW ÿӏQK
Vӵ WKjQK F{QJ FKX\ӇQ KyD &ӝQJ VҧQ Wӯ ÿӝF ÿҧQJ ÿӝF WjL VDQJ Wӵ GR GkQ
FKӫ +LӃS ÿӏQK Yj 3KiS WUӏ Pj QJѭӡL ÿDQJ NLrQ WUu QӕL WLӃS F{QJ WUình
Qҫ\ Oj *LiR Vѭ 1JX\ӉQ ĈuQK +X\ ÿӭQJ ÿҫX 3KRQJ 7UjR 7KӕQJ 1KӭW
'kQ 7ӝF Yj ;k\ 'ӵQJ 'kQ &Kӫ ӣ TXӕF QӝL QJѭӡL W OѭѫQJ WkP QJѭӡL
W FKiQK WUӏ QJѭӡL W ÿѭӧF *LiR Vѭ *LOO %RHKULQJHU FӫD ĈҥL KӑF /XұW
.KRD WҥL ÒF WKjQK YLrQ FӫD ,&)9 $XVWUDOLD VR ViQK YӟL QJѭӡL Wù chánh
WUӏ 0DQGHOD >ÿѭѫQJ QKLӋP 7әQJ WKӕQJ QѭӟF 1DP 3KL@ ÿѭӧF WKӃ JLӟL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 139

QJѭӥQJ Pӝ QJѭӡL W YӯD ÿѭӧF &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP FKR UD NKӓL QKà tù
QKӓ ÿm NKҷQJ NKiL WUҧ OӡL ÿjL %%& Yj ÿjL /LWWOH 6DLJRQ UҵQJ FKX\ӋQ
WUDQK ÿҩX WKu YүQ FzQ WLӃS WөF FKӭ FKѭD SKҧL Oj WӟL ÿk\ ÿm QJӯQJ

2. 7Kӭ KDL Oj PһW WUұQ KҧL QJRҥL YӟL Wә FKӭF /Lên Minh Dân
&Kӫ 9LӋW 1DP ÿѭӧF {QJ WKjQK OұS QăP GӗQ PӑL Qӛ OӵF FKiQK
WUӏ YұQ ÿӝQJ FiF WKӃ OӵF WҩQ F{QJ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP WUrQ WӯQJ PһW WUұQ
WKtFK QJKL GQJ 'kQ EҧQ OjP Fѫ Vӣ GQJ 'kQ VLQK OjP WKӃ GӵD Gùng
Nhân quyӅQ OjP YNJ NKt Yj ÿzL 7ӵ GR 7{Q JLiR 7ӵ GR 1J{Q OXұQ Oàm
iS OӵF EXӝF &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ Eӓ iS FKӃ Wӯ Eӓ ÿӝF ÿҧQJ ÿӝF Wài,
FKX\ӇQ VDQJ Wӵ GR GkQ FKӫ +LӃQ ÿӏQK Yj 3KiS WUӏ
7Kӭ ED Oj YұQ ÿӝQJ TXӕF WӃ \ӇP WUӧ 9LӋW 1DP Wӵ GR Pj YLӋF WKjQK OұS
Ӫ\ %DQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ <ӇP 7Uӧ 9LӋW 1DP 7ӵ 'R NKӣL ÿL Wӯ %LTXӕF QăP
UӗL WUҧL UӝQJ NKҳS ÆX FKkX VDQJ 0ӻ &DQDGD ÒF Yj
WRjQ WKӃ JLӟL Oj EѭӟF ÿҫX ÿҭ\ &ӝQJ VҧQ 9LӋW 1DP OL PDX WKHR 'LӉQ
ELӃQ +zD EuQK

&KR WӟL QD\ SKѭѫQJ WUuQK ÿm Fy OӡL JLҧL Yj ÿiS Vӕ ÿm WKҩS WKRiQJ
KLӇQ Oӝ WUrQ ĈҥL Oӝ %uQK 0LQK 4XDQJ 3KөF ÿҩW QѭӟF

9j ӣ KҧL QJRҥL GR Gѭ OXұQ FzQ TXi QJӥ QJjQJ WUѭӟF WKӃ ÿҩX WUDQK
PӟL FӫD 3KRQJ 7UjR 7KӕQJ 1KӭW 'kQ 7ӝF Yj ;k\ 'ӵQJ 'kQ &Kӫ QJD\
WURQJ OzQJ ÿӏFK FXӝF ÿҩX WUDQK {Q KzD FKX\ӇQ KyD ÿӏFK WUӵF GLӋQ ÿӏFK
QJD\ WUѭӟF PһW ÿӏFK QrQ 3KRQJ WUjR SKҧL QKұQ FKӏX PӑL F{QJ NtFK SKNJ
SKjQJ WX\ UXӝW ÿDX QKѭ Eӏ GDR FҳW WLP [yW QKѭ Eӏ [iW PXӕL 3KRQJ WUào
YүQ FҳQ UăQJ KLrQ QJDQJ ÿL JLӳD KDL OҵQ ÿҥQ Wӯ Fҧ SKtD EҥQ OүQ WK

1KұQ ÿӏQK YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91 FӫD J V 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\

1JѭӡL WD WKѭӡQJ QyL ³YăQ WKѫ WӭF Oj QJѭӡL´ 1JD\ Wӯ O~F FzQ UҩW WUҿ
WXәL QăP WKDQK QLrQ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ ÿm ViQJ WiF EjL WKѫ
³$QK +QJ 9{ 'DQK´WURQJ NKiQJ FKLӃQ FKӕQJ WKӵF GkQ 3KiS Yà bài
³1Jj\ 7DQJ <rQ %iL ´ ÿӇ NtQK WһQJ KѭѫQJ KӗQ FiF FKLӃQ Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP
4XӕF 'kQ ĈҧQJ WUѭӟF SKiS WUѭӡQJ <rQ %iL QJj\ WKiQJ QăP

³$QK +QJ 9{ 'DQK´ Ĉ̹QJ 3K˱˯QJ 1JX\͍Q 1J͕F +X\
7̿QJ QKͷQJ FKL͇Q VL Y{ GDQK WUDQK ÿ̭X FKR W͝ TX͙F
+͕ Oj QKͷQJ DQK KQJ NK{QJ WrQ WX͝L
6͙QJ kP WK̯P WURQJ EyQJ W͙L P{QJ PrQK
.K{QJ EDR JLͥ ÿ˱ͫF K˱ͧQJ iQK TXDQJ YLQK
1K˱QJ FDQ ÿ̫P Yj W̵Q WuQK JL~S Q˱ͣF
+͕ Oj N̓ W͹ QJKuQ PX{Q WKXͧ WU˱ͣF
çm SKi UͳQJ [̓ Q~L O̭S ÿ͛QJ VkX
9j OjP FKR QKͷQJ ÿ̭W FiW KRDQJ YX

140 LONG ĐIỀN

Bi͇Q WKjQK P͡W JL̫L V˯Q Kj J̭P YyF
H͕ Oj N̓ NK{QJ QjL ÿ˱ͥQJ KL͋P KyF
Không ng̩L [D KăQJ KiL Y˱ͫW WUQJ V˯Q
Ð͋ kP WK̯P FKX̱Q E͓ JLͷD F{ ÿ˯Q
&X͡F 1DP 7L͇Q Pͧ JLDQJ V˯Q OͣQ U͡QJ
H͕ Oj N̓ NKL TXr K˱˯QJ FKX\͋Q ÿ͡QJ
'˱ͣL JyW JL̯\ FͯD QKͷQJ N̓ [ăP OăQJ
Ðã xông vào khói l͵D TX\͇W OL͉X WKkQ
Ð͋ E̫R Y͏ 7͹ 'R FKR 7͝ 4X͙F
7URQJ FKL͇Q ÿ̭X NK{QJ QjL PX{Q NKy QK͕F
&˱ͥL KL͋P QJX\ ḘW FK̭S Q͟L JLDQ QDQ
1J˱ͥL WK̭W F˯ ÿjQK WK͓W QiW [˱˯QJ WDQ
1K˱QJ N̓ V͙QJ OzQJ VRQ NK{QJ EL͇Q FKX\͋Q
9j ÿ͇Q O~F Q˱ͣF QKj YXL WKRiW KL͋P
4X\͇W NK˱ͣF Wͳ OͫL O͡F YͣL YLQK KRD
H͕ EX{QJ J˱˯P TXD\ O̩L FK͙Q TXr QKj
Ð͋ V͙QJ O̩L FX͡F ÿͥL WURQJ EyQJ W͙͓
H͕ Oj N̓ DQK KQJ NK{QJ WrQ WX͝L
7URQJ OR̩Q O\ QK˱ JLͷD O~F WKDQK EuQK
B͉Q P͡W OzQJ GNJQJ F̫P FKt K\ VLQK
'kQJ ÿ̭W Q˱ͣF F̫ FX͡F ÿͥL WURQJ V̩FK

7X\ F{QJ QJKL͏S NK{QJ JKL WURQJ V͵ ViFK
7X\ E̫QJ YjQJ ELD ÿi FK̻QJ ÿ͉ WrQ
7X\ P͛ KRDQJ [LrX O̩F G˱ͣL WUͥL TXrQ
.K{QJ DL ÿ͇Q NK̭Q QJX\͉Q GkQJ O͍ Y̵W
1K˱QJ PiX K͕ ÿm OHQ YjR P̩FK ÿ̭W
7K͓W FQJ [˱˯QJ WU͡Q O̳Q YͣL QRQ V{QJ
9j DQK K͛Q FKXQJ YͣL W̭P WULQK WUXQJ
Ðã hòa hͫS OjP OLQK K͛Q JL͙QJ 9L͏W

WKѫ FӫD ĈҵQJ 3KѭѫQJ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ ViQJ WiF

SKә QKҥF 9ăQ 7ҩQ 3KѭӟF
WUuQK Ej\ 9ăQ 7ҩQ 3KѭӟF OӡL Fy NKiF YӟL EjL WKѫ
http://www.hathaykhongbanghayhat.org/node/1462:

³1Jj\ 7DQJ <rQ %iL´ ĈҵQJ 3KѭѫQJ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\
.tQK WһQJ KѭѫQJ KӗQ QKӳQJ OLӋW Vƭ ÿm Eӓ PuQK WURQJ FXӝF NKӣL
QJKƭD <rQ %iL
9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP 9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP
7URQJ EuQK PLQK VѭѫQJ OҥQK SKӫ kP WKҫP
0ѭӡL ED WLӃQJ WXQJ K{ EDR WUiQJ OLӋW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 141

7RDQ OD\ WӍQK Fҧ WRjQ GkQ QѭӟF 9LӋW LONG ĐIỀN

***
*Ly FăP KӡQ UӅQ Uƭ WLӃQJ JjR WKDQ

7ӯ OѭQJ WUӡL VѭѫQJ WUҳQJ Uӫ PjQ WDQJ
ÈQK Pӡ QKҥW FӫD EuQK PLQK UҳF QKҽ
7UrQ <rQ %i\ kX VҫX Yj OһQJ OӁ
*LӳD Pҩ\ KjQJ JѭѫP V~QJ WӓD KjR TXDQJ
0ѭӡL ED QJѭӡL OLӋW Vƭ 9LӋW KLrQ QJDQJ
7KRQJ WKҧ WLӃQ ÿӃQ WUѭӟF ÿjL 'DQK 'ӵ
7URQJ TXҫQ FK~QJ ÿӭQJ F~L ÿҫX ӫ UNJ

9jL Fө JLj ÿҫX EҥF OӋ WUjQ UѫL
1JҩW QJѭӡL VDX WLӃQJ U~ ӔL FRQ ѫL
1pW X EXӗQ FKӧW Pѫ PjQJ WKRiQJ JӧQ
7UrQ NKyH PҳW ÿm WӯQJ NKLQK ÿDX ÿӟQ
&ӫD QKӳQJ WUDQJ DQK NLӋW VҳS OuD ÿӡL
1KѭQJ FKӍ WURQJ JLk\ SK~W Yҿ WѭѫL FѭӡL
/ҥL [XҩW KLӋQ WUrQ PһW QJѭӡL TXҳF WKѭӟF
Ĉm Oj Nҿ KLӃQ WKkQ ÿӅQ Qӧ QѭӟF
7uQK WKkQ \rX TX\ӃQ WKXӝF SKҧL [HP WKѭӡQJ
eR OH WKD\ PXӕQ SKөQJ Vӵ TXr KѭѫQJ
3KҧL GүP QiW EDR OzQJ PuQK NtQK PӃQ
1KѭQJ Qj\ ÿk\ SK~W WKLrQJ OLrQJ ÿm ÿӃQ
6DX FiL QKuQ FKjR QRQ QѭӟF EL DL
+ӑ WKҧQ QKLrQ OҫQ OѭӧW EѭӟF OrQ ÿjL
9j G}QJ GҥF EX{QJ WLӃQJ K{ KQJ GNJQJ
³9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP ´ 0ӝW ÿҫX UѫL UөQJ
³9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP ´ 1JѭӡL NӃ WLӃQ OrQ
9j 7ӱ 7KҫQ NtQK FҭQ ÿӭQJ JKL WrQ
1KӳQJ OLӋW Vƭ YjR ELD QJѭӡL WXүQ TXӕF
6DX ĈӭF &KtQK ÿk\ Oj SKLrQ 7KiL +ӑF
$QK QJKLrQJ PuQK WUѭӟF [iF QKӳQJ DQK HP
5ӗL PƭP FѭӡL $QK QJҧQK PһW QKuQ [HP
1KӳQJ Nҿ ÿӃQ TXDQ FKLrP ÿRjQ OLӋW Vƭ
ĈӇ Wӯ ELӋW QKӳQJ EҥQ ÿӗQJ WkP FKt
7LӃQJ WXQJ K{ EәQJ QәL YDQJ WUӡL FDR
1KѭQJ OLӅQ WKHR $QK ÿm Eӏ [{ YjR
&KLӃF JѭѫP Pi\ JLăQJ WD\ FKjR OһQJ OӁ
ĈDR [XӕQJ ÿҫX UѫL PiX ÿjR WXQJ WyH
1JѭӡL DQK KQJ QѭӟF 9LӋW WK{L FzQ ÿkX
LNJ WKӵF GkQ JLiP ViW ÿӭQJ QKìn nhau

142

1Kѭ WU~W VҥFK KӃW QKӳQJ ÿuӅX OR QJҥL
9j [RD WD\ FK~QJ WKӣ GjL NKRDQ NKRiL
7URQJ UӯQJ QJѭӡL ӭD OӋ 1JX\ӉQ 7Kӏ *LDQJ
1pQ QӛL ÿDX QKѭ FҳW [p FDQ WUjQJ
ĈӭQJ QJѫ QJiF OһQJ QJѭӡL ErQ +ӳX &ҧQK
7URQJ QҳQJ VӟP JLy FăP KӡQ TXҩW PҥQK
1Kѭ WKӅ FQJ QKӳQJ Wӱ Vƭ DQK OLQK
9DQJ GӝL FQJ WUrQ ÿҩW 9LӋW ÿLrX OLQK
1KӳQJ WLӃQJ WKpW X\ KQJ Yu JLӕQJ 9LӋW

***

9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP 9LӋW 1DP PX{Q QăP
1Kѭ WDQ WURQJ JLy PҥQK NKyF YDQJ UҫP

&ҧ EjL WKѫ ÿѭӧF ÿăQJ WURQJ 9LӋW 1DP *LiR .KRD 7Kѭ Yj WURQJ
WұS WKѫ +Ӗ1 9,ӊ7 WKѫ ĈXӕF 9LӋW 6jL *zQ 9LӋW 1DP 7KDQK
3KѭѫQJ 7Kѭ 4XiQ WiL EҧQ ӣ 3DULV 3KiS 4XӕF QăP Yj ҩQ EҧQ WKӭ
ED ӣ 6DQ -RVH +RD .Ǥ QăP

7kP KӗQ WURQJ ViQJ FӫD WKDQK QLrQ 9LӋW 1DP 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\
ÿm WKӇ KLӋQ TXD EjL WKѫ QәL WLӃQJ NӇ WUrQ Wӯ WKұS QLrQ ÿm OjP QӭF
OzQJ ELӃW EDR WKDQK QLrQ [XQJ SKRQJ EiR ÿӅQ ѫQ 7ә 4XӕF Yj VXӕW FXӝF
ÿӡL FKLӃQ ÿҩX WURQJ JLDQ NKә FӫD * 6 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ VDX Qҫ\ ÿm Oj
WҩP JѭѫQJ ViQJ FKR QKӳQJ DL Fy OzQJ YӟL 4XӕF *LD 'kQ 7ӝF

³&XӝF VӕQJ ÿҥP EҥF FӫD {QJ FKҷQJ NKiF QjR PӝW QKj WX KjQK ĈL
[H EXêW QJӫ QKj QJѭӡL TXHQ Oj QpW VLQK KRҥW WKѭӡQJ QKұW FӫD {QJ ÐQJ
ÿm GӗQ WkP WUt Yj WKu JLӡ FKR QKӳQJ FXӝF GX WKX\ӃW FiF FXӝF YұQ ÿӝQJ
KD\ Wә FKӭF ÿRjQ WKӇ 2iL ăP WKD\ WXәL JLj VӭF \ӃX FӝQJ YӟL FăQ EӋQK
KLӇP QJKqR ÿm NKLӃQ QKӳQJ WKkQ KӳX Yj FKLӃQ KӳX FӫD {QJ OR QJҥL {QJ
UD ÿL EҩW QJӡ NK{QJ QJѭӡL NӃ Yӏ %iF Vƭ NKX\ӃQ FiR {QJ EӟW OjP YLӋF
Yj GL FKX\ӇQ QKѭQJ {QJ TX\ӃW FKҥ\ ÿXD YӟL WKӡL JLDQ QKѭ OLQK FҧP Wӱ
WKҫQ ÿm OҭQ TXҭQ ErQ PuQK

&XӕL FQJ FKӍ FzQ YjL QJj\ Oj NKDL PҥF ĈҥL +ӝL 7KӃ *LӟL /0'&91
WҥL +zD /DQ FKұS WӕL QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WURQJ PӝW FăQ SKzQJ
QKӓ WҥL 3DULV {QJ YƭQK YLӉQ UD ÿL ´

&KӭQJ Wӓ QJѭӡL FKLӃQ Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ 1JӑF +X\ ÿm FKLӃQ ÿҩX ÿӃQ JLӡ
SK~W FXӕL FQJ FKR FKtQK QJKLm ViQJ QJӡL Pj {QJ KҵQJ WKHR ÿXәL

7yP OѭӧF FӫD /RQJ ĈLӅQ TXD FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD * 6 1JX\ӉQ
1JӑF +X\ YӅ &XӝF &KLӃQ 9LӋW 1DP

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 143

1-Phê phán chӫ WKX\ӃW WDP Y{, * 6 +X\ ÿm OrQ iQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK
Yj ÿӗQJ EӑQ ÿm SKi KRҥL WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ W{Q WUӑQJ JLD ÿuQK FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ
9LӋW

³9u WKtFK ӭQJ YӟL EҧQ WiQK QJѭӡL Yu SK KӧS YӟL TX\ӅQ OӧL QJѭӡL
WLӇX JLD ÿuQK WKjQK UD ÿRjQ WKӇ KӧS TXҫQ Oê WѭӣQJ FӫD QJѭӡL %ӣL ÿy
Qy ÿm ÿѭӧF GX\ WUu ӣ NKҳS FiF ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ Yj TXD FiF WKӡL ÿҥL Các
OmQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ ÿm GQJ UҩW QKLӅX ELӋQ SKiS QKӭW Oj ELӋQ SKiS
NKrX JӧL WiQK Yӏ Nӹ KRjQ WRjQ FӫD QJѭӡL ÿӇ ÿҧ SKi JLD ÿuQK 7X\
QKLrQ Kӑ FKӍ WKjQK F{QJ Fy PӝW SKkQ QӱD 7URQJ [m KӝL 6{ YLӃW
QJѭӡL WD ÿm WKҩ\ QKӳQJ ÿӭD FRQ Wӕ FiR FKD Pҽ Yu QJk\ WKѫ FKѭD KLӇX U}
KұX TXҧ YLӋF PuQK OjP Yu TX\ӅQ OӧL WKLӇQ FұQ KD\ Yu Vӵ KqQ QKiW WKDP
VDQK 1KѭQJ YӅ SKtD FKD Pҽ WD FKѭD WKҩ\ DL Wӕ FiR KD\ KmP KҥL FRQ
PuQK 1JD\ ÿӃQ FiF OmQK Wө FӝQJ VҧQ ÿDQJ WkP WUX\ Wӕ FKD Pҽ FNJQJ
YүQ FzQ OR OҳQJ FKR FRQ Yj WKѭѫQJ \rX FK~QJ 9ҧ OҥL GҫX VDR FiF QѭӟF
FӝQJ VҧQ FzQ SKҧL GX\ WUu FKӃ ÿӝ JLD ÿuQK FKӟ FKѭD GiP WULӋW Kҥ Qy
KҷQ Yj ÿLӅX Qj\ ÿӫ ÿӇ FKӭQJ Wӓ UҵQJ JLD ÿuQK Oj FiL WӃ EjR FăQ EҧQ
FӫD PӑL [m KӝL WD NK{QJ VDR Kӫ\ GLӋW ÿѭӧF ´

www.tinparis.net/chanhtri/DTST_Quyen2_Chuong5.doc

3Kr SKiQ FKӫ WKX\ӃW ĈҥL ĈӗQJ FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ :

³1KͷQJ N̓ FKͯ WU˱˯QJ WK͇ JLͣL ÿ̩L ÿ͛QJ Yj F͙ Kͯ\ GL͏W WuQK \rX
gia ÿuQK W͝ TX͙F V̽Q VjQJ JL͇W K̩L Ej FRQ WKkQ WKX͡F WjQ ViW ÿ͛QJ
EjR ÿm W˱ͧQJ U̹QJ OjP QK˱ WK͇ K͕ SKͭQJ V͹ QK˯Q OR̩L 1K˱QJ NǤ
WK̵W NKL ÿm ÿDQJ WkP JL͇W K̩L Ej FRQ WKkQ WKX͡F WjQ ViW ÿ͛QJ EjR K͕
ÿkX F̯Q QJ̯Q QJ̩L Ju QͷD NKL SK̫L WUX GL͏W QKͷQJ N̓ KRjQ WRjQ [D O̩
ÿ͙L YͣL K͕ 9j U͙W FX͡F G˱ͣL QKͷQJ GDQK Wͳ Yƭ ÿ̩L QK˱QJ U͟QJ WX͇FK
QK˱ SKͭF Yͭ ÿ̩L FK~QJ W{Q WKͥ QK˯Q OR̩L K͕ FK͑ SKͭQJ V͹ Fi QK˯Q
K͕ K͕ FK͑ QK̷P YjR YL͏F [k\ G͹QJ P͡W WK͇ JLͣL SK KͫS YͣL WUt yF K͕
YͣL TX\͉Q OͫL K͕ P͡W WK͇ JLͣL K͕ FKR U̹QJ Fy WK͋ Jk\ K̩QK SK~F FKR
P͕L QJ˱ͥL QK˱QJ NǤ WK̵W FK͑ Oj P͡W ÿ͓D QJͭF WURQJ ÿy WuQK WK˱˯QJ
NK{QJ FzQ QͷD “

.KiF YӟL FKӫ WKX\ӃW FӫD &ӝQJ VҧQ * 6 +X\ ÿm ÿѭD UD FKӫ
WKX\ӃW ³'kQ 7ӝF 6LQK 7ӗQ´ ÿӇ OjP NLP FKӍ 1DP FKR EѭӟF ÿѭӡQJ
WUDQK ÿҩX *LҧL 7KӇ &ӝQJ VҧQ QKѭ VDX

³'kQ W͡F WKu QKͥ G͹D YjR KX\͇W WK͙QJ QrQ NK{QJ WKD\ ÿ͝L 7KrP
QͷD Qy O̩L EDR J͛P F̫ \͇X W͙ W{Q JLiR Yj ê FKt PX͙Q V͙QJ FKXQJ
nhau. 'R ÿy Q͉Q W̫QJ GkQ W͡F ṶW NKy SKi Kͯ\ 0͡W P̿W NKiF Q͇X
NK{QJ WKX͡F QKͷQJ FKͯQJ OR̩L FiFK QKDX [D TXi GkQ FK~QJ P͡W TX͙F
JLD WK˱ͥQJ K͟Q KͫS QKDX O̩L ÿ͋ WKjQK P͡W GkQ W͡F 9j GkQ W͡F NKL

144 LONG ĐIỀN

ÿm WKjQK O̵S U͛L O̩L Fy [X K˱ͣQJ W͹ [k\ G͹QJ P͡W TX͙F JLD ULrQJ EL͏W
FKR PuQK '̯X Fy E͓ FKLQK SKͭF KD\ E͓ SKkQ UD ͧ QKL͉X TX͙F JLD NKiF
QKDX QKͷQJ SK̯Q W͵ FͯD P͡W GkQ W͡F FNJQJ Fy [X K˱ͣQJ W͹ NK{L SKͭF
Q͉Q ÿ͡F O̵S Yj WK͙QJ QKͱW FͯD PuQK 6͹ F͙ J̷QJ FͯD QJ˱ͥL 'R WKiL ÿ͋
W̩R O̵S P͡W TX͙F JLD FNJQJ QK˱ O͓FK V͵ WUDQK ÿ̭X FͯD QJ˱ͥL %D ODQ Oj
QKͷQJ E̹QJ FKͱQJ Fͭ WK͋ Y͉ Y̭Q ÿ͉ Qj\

%ͧL QKͷQJ Oê GR QrX UD WUrQ ÿk\ QKͷQJ TX͙F JLD G͹D YjR GkQ W͡F
Oj QKͷQJ TX͙F JLD Fy ÿͯ ÿL͉X NL͏Q K˯Q K͇W ÿ͋ ÿ˱ͫF YͷQJ FK̷F OkX GjL
7KrP QͷD WURQJ W̭W F̫ P͕L KuQK WKͱF KͫS TX̯Q NK{QJ Fy KuQK
WKͱF QjR EDR J͛P QKL͉X TX\͉Q OͫL Y̵W FK̭W Yj WLQK WK̯Q FͯD QJ˱ͥL
FKR E̹QJ KuQK WKͱF GkQ W͡F.

1K˱ WK͇ WD Fy WK͋ E̫R U̹QJ V͹ KͫS TX̯Q WKjQK GkQ W͡F WKtFK KͫS
YͣL V͹ WUDQK ÿ̭X VLQK W͛Q FͯD QJ˱ͥL QKͱW ´

1yL WyP OҥL FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL KRjQ Pӻ QKӭW FNJQJ FKӍ JL~S YjR
Vӵ VLQK WӗQ FӫD ÿRjQ WKӇ PӝW FiFK WҥP WKӡL 6ӵ VLQK WӗQ FӫD Fi QKѫQ
NK{QJ ÿѭӧF EҧR ÿҧP Yj VDX FQJ ÿLӅX Qj\ WUӣ OҥL Fy KҥL FKR Vӵ VLQK
WӗQ FӫD GkQ WӝF Yu FXӝF UӕL ORҥQ GR GkQ FK~QJ Eӏ X\ KLӃS Jk\ UD Fy WKӇ
OjP \ӃX VӭF TXӕF JLD 0ӝW PһW NKiF FKӃ ÿӝ ÿӝF WjL ÿѭD ÿӃQ Vӵ JLӃW
KҥL QKѫQ WjL Yj OjP FKR QăQJ OӵF QKӳQJ QKj FKӍ KX\ FjQJ QJj\ FjQJ
NpP ÿL
1KұQ ÿӏQK ÿk\ Oj PӝW FXӝF QӝL FKLӃQ GR &ӝQJ VҧQ 91 FKӫ
ÿӝQJ , WKHR * 6 +X\ WKu VDX NKL OұW ÿә FKӃ ÿӝ &6 ÿӝF WjL PXӕQ YƭQK
YLӇQ FKҩP GӭW WUDQK FKҩS QӝL Eӝ FҧQK QӝL FKLӃQ Yj WUiQK Vӵ [kP OҩQ
FӫD FiF WKӃ OӵF QJRҥL EDQJ EҵQJ JLҧL SKiS WKjQK OұS PӝW QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP
7UXQJ /ұS 3KiS /ê 9ƭQK 9LӉQ Fy TXӕF WӃ F{QJ QKұQ QKѭ 7Kө\ 6ƭ 7Kө\
ĈLӇQ Yj ÈR 40

1JRjL UD * 6 +X\ FzQ ÿӅ UD ELӋQ SKiS WKӵF KLӋQ YLӋF JLҧL WKӇ
FKӃ ÿӝ &6 ÿӝF WjL TXD KuQK WKӭF YұQ ÿӝQJ 8ӹ EDQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ <ӇP 7Uӧ
91 7ӵ 'R Yj WKjQK OұS FiF Wә FKӭF ÿҩX WUDQK QJD\ WURQJ QӝL ÿӏD EҵQJ
PӑL KuQK WKӭF WKtFK KӧS ÿҩX WUDQK WUӵF GLӋQ {Q KRj QKҵP JLҧL WUӯ FKӃ
ÿӝ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ WKӕL QiW

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 145

6ӱ JLD 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP

7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP FKӳ +iQ 椂ↁ摠 ± Oj PӝW KӑF JLҧ
GDQK WLӃQJ WKӫ WѭӟQJ FӫD ĈӃ TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP Yj ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD
9LӋW 1DP WiF JLҧ FӫD 9L͏W 1DP 6͵ /˱ͫF 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP QKj JLiR
GөF QKj ELrQ NKҧR YăQ KӑF Yj Vӱ KӑF 9LӋW 1DP E~W KLӋX /Ӌ 7KҫQ,
VLQK QăP 4Xê 0L WҥL OjQJ .LӅX /LQK [m ĈDQ 3Kӕ KX\ӋQ 1JKL
;XkQ WӍQK +j 7ƭQK

;XҩW WKkQ WURQJ PӝW JLD ÿuQK 1KR JLiR {QJ KӑF FKӳ +iQ Wӯ QKӓ
1ăP {QJ KӑF 7UѭӡQJ 3KiS 9LӋW 1DP ĈӏQK KӑF FKӳ 3KiS 1ăP
{QJ WKL ÿӛ YjR 7UѭӡQJ WK{QJ QJ{Q Yj ÿӃQ WKu WӕW QJKLӋS
1ăP {QJ OjP 7K{QJ Vӵ ӣ 1LQK %uQK 1ăP {QJ TXD 3KiS
KӑF WUѭӡQJ 7KѭѫQJ PҥL ӣ /\RQ VDX ÿѭӧF KӑF EәQJ YjR WUѭӡQJ 7KXӝF
ÿӏD 3KiS 1ăP {QJ YjR KӑF WUѭӡQJ 6ѭ SKҥP 0HOXQ Yj WӕW QJKLӋS
QJj\ WKiQJ QăP UӗL YӅ QѭӟF ÐQJ OҫQ OѭӧW Gҥ\ 7UѭӡQJ WUXQJ
KӑF %ҧR Kӝ 7UѭӡQJ %ѭӣL 7UѭӡQJ +ұX Eә Yj 7UѭӡQJ QDP 6ѭ SKҥP

ÐQJ JLӳ QKLӅX FKӭF Yө WURQJ QJjQK JLiR GөF WKӡL 3KiS WKXӝF QKѭ
7KDQK WUD 7LӇX KӑF 7UѭӣQJ EDQ 6RҥQ WKҧR 6iFK *LiR NKRD 7LӇX
KӑF Gҥ\ 7UѭӡQJ 6ѭ SKҥP WKӵF KjQK JLiP ÿӕF FiF WUѭӡQJ
QDP WLӇX KӑF WҥL +j 1ӝL 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP FzQ Oj 3Ky WUѭӣQJ EDQ
%DQ 9ăQ KӑF FӫD +ӝL .KDL WUt WLӃQ ÿӭF Yj 1JKӏ YLrQ +ӝL ÿӗQJ 'kQ ELӇX
%ҳF .Ǥ 0ӝW QăP VDX NKL {QJ YӅ KѭX 1KұW %ҧQ NpR YjR Ĉ{QJ
'ѭѫQJ Yj Et PұW ÿѭD {QJ FQJ 'ѭѫQJ %i 7UҥF UD QѭӟF QJRjL
{QJ ÿѭӧF ÿѭD YӅ QѭӟF 7ӯ WKұS QLrQ ÿӃQ WKұS QLrQ {QJ FNJQJ
YLӃW QKLӅX ViFK YӅ Vѭ SKҥP Yj OӏFK Vӱ

1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP 1KұW ÿҧR FKtQK 3KiS ÿӝF FKLӃP WKXӝF
ÿӏD Ĉ{QJ 'ѭѫQJ ĈӇ WUDQK WKӫ Vӵ ӫQJ Kӝ FӫD QJѭӡL 9LӋW 1KұW WX\rQ Eӕ
WUDR WUҧ ÿӝF OұS FKR 9LӋW 1DP 1Jj\ WKiQJ QăP WULӅX ÿuQK
+XӃ WX\rQ Eӕ Kӫ\ Eӓ +zD ѭӟF 3DWHQ{WUH Nê YӟL 3KiS QăP NK{L

146 LONG ĐIỀN

SKөF FKӫ TX\ӅQ 9LӋW 1DP 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP ÿѭӧF JLDR WKjQK OұS QӝL
FiF YjR QJj\ WKiQJ QăP Ĉk\ Oj FKtQK SKӫ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD QѭӟF
9LӋW 1DP ÿӝF OұS Yj 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP WUӣ WKjQK 7Kӫ WѭӟQJ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD
9LӋW 1DP

7KiQJ QăP FKtQK SKӫ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP ÿһW TXӕF KLӋX Oj
ĈӃ TXӕF 9LӋW 1DP ÿһW TXӕF WKLӅX Oj EjL ³ĈăQJ ÿjQ FXQJ´ TXӕF NǤ Fy
³QӅQ YjQJ KuQK FKӳ QKұW JLӳD Fy KuQK TXҿ /\ PjX ÿӓ WKүP´

.KL TXkQ 1KұW ÿҫX KjQJ ĈӗQJ 0LQK FKtQK SKӫ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP
FNJQJ FKӍ WӗQ WҥL ÿѭӧF ÿӃQ QJj\ WKiQJ QăP WKu VөS ÿә 7X\
QKLrQ WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ QJҳQ QJӫL FKtQK SKӫ Qj\ FNJQJ ÿm OjP ÿѭӧF PӝW
YLӋF TXDQ WUӑQJ Oj WKӕQJ QKҩW YӅ PһW GDQK QJKƭD ÿҩW 1DP .Ǥ YjR ÿҩW
QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP Yj WKD\ FKѭѫQJ WUuQK KӑF EҵQJ WLӃQJ 3KiS VDQJ FKѭѫQJ
WUuQK KӑF EҵQJ WLӃQJ 9LӋW GR KӑF JLҧ +RjQJ ;XkQ +mQ ELrQ VRҥQ

6DX NKL 9LӋW 0LQK JLjQK ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ Yj QѭӟF 9LӋW 1DP 'kQ
FKӫ &ӝQJ KzD ÿѭӧF WKjQK OұS 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP OѭX YRQJ UD QѭӟF QJRjL
6DX QKLӅX QăP WKiQJ ORQJ ÿRQJ ӣ 4XҧQJ &KkX Yj +ӗQJ .{QJ QJj\
WKiQJ QăP {QJ WUӣ YӅ 6jL *zQ Yj VӕQJ WҥL QKj OXұW Vѭ 7UӏQK
ĈuQK 7KҧR

1ăP {QJ TXD 1DP 9DQJ Yj VӕQJ YӟL QJѭӡL FRQ JiL 6DX ÿy
{QJ OҥL WUӣ YӅ 9LӋW 1DP VӕQJ WKҫP OһQJ Yj PҩW WҥL Ĉj /ҥW YjR QJj\
WKiQJ QăP WKӑ WXәL

7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP ÿѭӧF ÿiQK JLi Oj PӝW KӑF JLҧ X\rQ WKkP Fҧ WkQ Yj
FӵX KӑF Oj QJѭӡL WұQ Wө\ FKR QJjQK JLiR GөF 9LӋW 1DP ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ
7X\ QKLrQ {QJ Oj QJѭӡL Fy Wѭ WѭӣQJ EҧR WKӫ Yj GkQ WӝF EҧR KRjQJ
7iF SKҭP 9L͏W 1DP V͵ O˱ͫF ÿѭӧF ÿiQK JLi Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ TX\ӇQ
Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP Fy SKRQJ FiFK QJҳQ JӑQ V~F WtFK Yj GӉ KLӇX ÿѭӧF WiL EҧQ
QKLӅX OҫQ

7iF SKҭP

7UѭӟF QăP 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP Fy QKLӅX WiF SKҭP QәL WLӃQJ WKӡL
Eҩ\ JLӡ YӅ FiF OƭQK YӵF Vӱ KӑF QJKLrQ FӭX Yj Vѭ SKҥP JӗP

6ѫ KӑF /XkQ Oê
9ѭѫQJ 'ѭѫQJ 0LQK
6ѭ SKҥP .KRD <ӃX OѭӧF
9LӋW 1DP Vӱ OѭӧF
- Nho Giáo (1930),
3KұW /өF
9LӋW 1DP 9ăQ 3KҥP FQJ %L .ӹ 1JX\ӉQ 0ҥQK 7ѭӡQJ
6DX QăP {QJ YLӃW KӗL Nê

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 147

0ӝW FѫQ JLy EөL
1KұQ ÿӏQK FӫD Vӱ JLD 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP YӅ FXӝF FKLӃQ 91

³7{L Oj P͡W QJ˱ͥL Q˱ͣF 9L͏W 1DP Oͅ QjR OzQJ W{L O̩L NK{QJ UXQJ
ÿ͡QJ WKHR YͣL G͓S UXQJ ÿ͡QJ FͯD QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL iL TX͙F WURQJ Q˱ͣF"
1K˱QJ Yu KRjQ F̫QK NKy NKăQ OzQJ QJ˱ͥL O\ WiQ QKL͉X QJ˱ͥL O̩L PX͙Q
OͫL GͭQJ FiL WL͇QJ iL TX͙F ÿ͋ OjP FiL P͙L W˱ OͫL FKR PuQK Yu Y̵\ Pj W{L
FKiQ Q̫Q NK{QJ G͹ YjR ÿ̫QJ SKiL QjR F̫ Pj FNJQJ NK{QJ KjQK ÿ͡QJ
Y͉ SK˱˯QJ GL͏Q FKtQK WU͓41.”

7URQJ FKѭѫQJ ÿҫX WLrQ FXҧ TX\ӇQ KӗL Nê 0ӝW &ѫQ *Ly %өL Fө 7UҫQ
7UӑQJ .LP FKR WKҩ\ Fө Oj PӝW QJѭӡL Fy OzQJ \rX QѭӟF FKӍ ÿһW TX\ӅQ
OӧL TXӕF JLD GkQ WӝF OrQ WUrQ FiF TX\ӅQ OӧL ÿҧQJ SKiL

1Jj\ WKiQJ Wѭ QăP YXD %ҧR ĈҥL FKR PӡL {QJ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ
.LP YjR +XӃ ÿӇ \rX FҫX {QJ WKjQK OұS PӝW FKtQK SKӫ 9LӋW 1DP ÿӝF
OұS %ҧR ĈҥL QyL

³7UѭӟF NLD QѭӟF 3KiS JLӳ TX\ӅQ EҧR Kӝ QѭӟF WD QD\ ÿm
NK{QJ JLӳ ÿѭӧF QѭӟF FKR WD ÿӇ TXkQ 1KұW ÿiQK ÿә Yұ\ QKӳQJ
ÿLӅX WURQJ KLӋS ѭӟF QăP NK{QJ Fy KLӋX TXҧ QӳD QrQ Eӝ
WKѭӧQJ WKѭ ÿm WX\rQ Kӫ\ KLӋS ѭӟF ҩ\ 7UүP SKҧL ÿӭQJ YDL FKӫ
WUѭѫQJ YLӋF QѭӟF Yj OұS FKtQK SKӫ ÿӇ ÿӕL SKy YӟL PӑL YLӋF ³
7{L WkX UҵQJ

“9L͏F O̵S FKtQK SKͯ QJjL QrQ GQJ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL ÿm G͹ ÿ͓QK Wͳ
WU˱ͣF QK˱ 1J{ çuQK 'L͏P FK̻QJ K̩Q ÿ͋ Fy W͝ FKͱF V̽Q VjQJ 7{L QD\
WKu SK̯Q JLj \͇X E͏QK W̵W SK̯Q WKu NK{QJ Fy ÿ̫QJ SKiL Yj NK{QJ KR̩W
ÿ͡QJ Y͉ FKtQK WU͓ W{L [LQ QJjL FKR W{L Y͉ QJK͑42. “

&KӭQJ Wӓ {QJ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP NK{QJ PjQJ GDQK OӧL FKӭF WѭӟF Pj
FKӍ PXӕQ WLӃQ Fӱ QJѭӡL WjL JLӓL NKiF UD JL~S QѭӟF Yu {QJ NK{QJ Fy PѭX
FҫX YӅ FKtQK WUӏ NK{QJ WKDP JLD NK{QJ WҥR OұS ÿҧQJ SKiL FKR PuQK

³9XD %ҧR çҥL WKҩ\ WuQK WKӃ NpR GjL PmL FNJQJ VӕW UXӝW WULӋX W{L YjR EҧR
W{L FKӏX NKy OұS FKtQK SKӫ PӟL 1JjL
³7UѭӟF NLD QJѭӡL PuQK FKѭD ÿӝF OұS 1D\ Fy Fѫ KӝL WX\ FKѭD SKҧL
ÿӝF OұS KҷQ QKѭQJ PuQK FNJQJ SKҧL Wӓ UD Fy ÿӫ Wѭ FiFK ÿӇ ÿӝF OұS 1ӃX
NK{QJ Fy FKtQK SKӫ WKu QJѭӡL 1KұW EҧR PuQK EҩW OӵF WҩW Kӑ OұS FiFK
FDL WUӏ WKHR WKӇ OӋ QKj ELQK UҩW KҥL FKR QѭӟF WD 9ұ\ {QJ QrQ Yu QJKƭD
Yө Fӕ OұS WKjQK PӝW FKtQK SKӫ ÿӇ OR YLӋF QѭӟF ³

7{L WKҩ\ YXD %ҧR çҥL WK{QJ PLQK Yj DP KLӇX WuQK WKӃ OLӅQ WkX UҵQJ
³1͇X Yu TX\͉Q OͫL ULrQJ W{L NK{QJ GiP QK̵Q FKͱF Ju F̫ [RQJ QJjL QyL
Yu QJKƭD Yͭ ÿ͙L YͣL Q˱ͣF WKu G VDR W{L FNJQJ F͙ K͇W VͱF 9̵\ [LQ QJjL
FKR W{L YjL QJj\ ÿ͋ W{L WuP QJ˱ͥL K͍ Fy WK͋ ÿ˱ͫF W{L [LQ WkX O̩L ³

148 LONG ĐIỀN

³&y PӝW ÿLӅX QrQ QyL FKR U} Oj WURQJ NKL W{L FKӑQ QJѭӡL OұS
FKtQK SKӫ O~F ҩ\ QJѭӡL 1KұW %ҧQ NK{QJ EDR JLӡ KӓL W{L FKӑQ
QJѭӡL Qj\ QJѭӡL NLD 7{L ÿѭӧF KRjQ WRjQ Wӵ FKӫ WuP Oҩ\ QJѭӡL
Pj OjP YLӋF 9j W{L ÿm ÿӏQK Wӯ WUѭӟF UҵQJ QӃX QJѭӡL 1KұW FDQ
WKLӋS YjR YLӋF WURQJ QѭӟF WKu W{L WK{L QJD\ NK{QJ OjP QӳD
çӃQ QJj\ FXӕL FQJ W{L FKӑQ ÿѭӧF ÿӫ QJѭӡL UӗL Nr U} GDQK ViFK FiF Eӝ
WUѭӣQJ QKѭ VDX

7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP JLiR Vѭ 1ӝL &iF 7әQJ 7UѭӣQJ
7UҫQ çuQK 1DP \ Vƭ 1ӝL 9ө %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
7UҫQ 9ăQ &KѭѫQJ OXұW Vѭ 1JRҥL *LDR %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
7UӏQK çuQK 7KҧR OXұW Vѭ 7ѭ 3KiS %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
+RjQJ ;XkQ +mQ WRiQ KӑF WKҥF Vƭ *LiR 'өF Yj 0ӻ 1JKӋ %ӝ
7UѭӣQJ
9NJ 9ăQ +LӅQ OXұW Vѭ 7jL &KiQK %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
3KDQ $QK OXұW Vѭ 7KDQK 1LrQ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
/ѭX 9ăQ /DQJ Nӻ Vѭ &{QJ &KtQK %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
9NJ 1JӑF $QK \ NKRD EiF Vƭ < 7Ӄ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
+ӗ %i .KDQK \ NKRD EiF Vƭ .LQK 7Ӄ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
1JX\ӉQ +ӳX 7KL FӵX \ Vƭ 7LӃS 7Ӄ %ӝ 7UѭӣQJ
6DX NKL {QJ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP WKjQK OұS FKtQK SKӫ QJj\ WKiQJ Wѭ
QăP WKu 9LӋW 0LQK QJҩP QJҫP FKӕQJ SKi FKtQK SKӫ Qҫ\ QKұQ
ÿӏQK FӫD Fө 7UҫQ YӅ SKRQJ WUjR 9LӋW 0LQK QKѭ VDX
³7ӯ ÿy EӑQ {QJ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Eӓ GDQK KLӋX 9LӋW 1DP &iFK 0ӋQK çӗQJ
0LQK +ӝL Pj GQJ GDQK KLӋX FNJ Oj 9LӋW 1DP çӝF /ұS çӗQJ 0LQK WӭF
9LӋW 0LQK Yj GQJ Fӡ ÿӓ VDR YjQJ FӫD FӝQJ VҧQ 5ӗL ÿӃQ TXҧQJ ÿҫX WKiQJ
ED QăP WKu YӅ ÿӃQ YQJ 9ăQ /mQJ WKXӝF 7KiL 1JX\rQ JLiS 7X\rQ
4XDQJ Yj OұS WUө Vӣ Et PұW ӣ ÿy 7ӯ Eҩ\ JLӡ WUӣ ÿL ÿҧQJ 9LӋW 0LQK KjQK
ÿӝQJ UҩW PҥQK QKѭQJ FiL WrQ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK YүQ JLӳ UҩW NtQ FKR ÿӃQ JҫQ FXӕL
WKiQJ WiP VDX NKL FѭӟS ÿѭӧF FKtQK TX\ӅQ ӣ EҳF Eӝ QJѭӡL WD PӟL QJKH QyL
&iF FKL Eӝ FӝQJ VҧQ ӣ WUXQJ Yj 1DP %ӝ ÿm VҹQ VjQJ ÿkX ÿҩ\ Fҧ UӗL VRQJ
Fӭ SKҧL JLӳ Et PұW ÿӧL NKL Fy PӋQK OӋQK PӟL ÿѭӧF UD PһW KjQK ÿӝQJ %ҳF
Eӝ PӝW PһW Kӑ VDL QKӳQJ QJѭӡL WiR WӧQ ÿL ÿiQK SKi FiF QѫL KӉ ÿkX Fy
DL UD PһW FKӕQJ Kӑ Kӑ EҳW ÿL KD\ JLӃW FKӃW OjP FKR GkQ FK~QJ NKLӃS
Vӧ 0ӝW PһW Kӑ FKR QJѭӡL ÿL GLӉQ WKX\ӃW Yj WX\rQ WUX\ӅQ UҵQJ ÿҧQJ 9LӋW
0LQK ÿm Fy FiF QѭӟF çӗQJ 0LQK Oj 7jX 1JD 0ӻ ӫQJ Kӝ Yj JL~S FKR
ELQK NKt ÿӇ ÿiQK EӑQ ÿӝF WjL 3KiS Yj 1KұW +ӑ OҥL QyL UҵQJ TXkQ 9LӋW
0LQK ÿm ÿiQK Oҩ\ ÿѭӧF Pҩ\ WӍQK ӣ PҥQ WKѭӧQJ GX %ҳF Eӝ UӗL 43
/RQJ ĈLӅQ WyP OѭӧF FiF QKұQ ÿӏQK FӫD {QJ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP YӅ

ÿҧQJ &691 QKѭ VDX

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 149

- &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 9LӋW 1DP QyL PӝW ÿjQJ OjP PӝW QҿR WURQJ FXӝF
VӕQJ FKӍ ELӃW Fy YұW FKҩW NK{QJ FҫQ ELӃW QKkQ QJKƭD WKLӋQ iF

³9̵\ QKͷQJ WtQ ÿ͛ F͡QJ V̫Q SK̫L Oj QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL FX͛QJ
WtQ Yj FK͑ EL͇W Fy ÿͥL V͙QJ Y̵W FK̭W Pj WK{L ngoài ra không có gì
QͷD 6͙QJ Fy P͡W ÿͥL U͛L K͇W QrQ DL Q̭\ FK͑ OR OjP FKR PuQK
ÿ˱ͫF P͕L ÿL͉X WK̷QJ OͫL Vi FKL QKͷQJ ÿL͉X SK~F K͕D WKL͏Q iF
9͉ ÿ˱ͥQJ WK͹F W͇ FiF ÿ̿F V̷F FͯD F͡QJ V̫Q Oj NK{QJ QK̵Q Fy luân
WK˱ͥQJ ÿ̩R Oê NK{QJ EL͇W Fy QKkQ QJKƭD ÿ̩R ÿͱF QK˱ QJ˱ͥL WD Y̳Q
WLQ W˱ͧQJ

1J˱ͥL F͡QJ V̫Q FKR FiL ÿL͉X ÿy Oj Kͯ WͭF FͯD [m K͡L SKRQJ NL͇Q WKͥL
[˱D ÿ̿W UD ÿ͋ OͳD G͙L GkQ FK~QJ QrQ K͕ WuP FiFK [yD E͗ K͇W $L WLQ FK͟
̭\ Oj QJ˱ͥL ViQJ VX͙W Oj QJ˱ͥL JLiF QJ͡ DL NK{QJ WLQ Oj QJ˱ͥL Pͥ W͙L
Oj QJ˱ͥL Pr PX͡L 9u Fy W˱ W˱ͧQJ QK˱ WK͇ FKR QrQ FKD FRQ DQK HP Eq
E̩Q NK{QJ Fy WuQK QJKƭD Ju F̫ FK͑ EL͇W W{Q WU͕QJ FKͯ QJKƭD FͯD F͡QJ
V̫Q Yj SKͭF WzQJ QKͷQJ QJ˱ͥL F̯P TX\͉Q FͯD ÿ̫QJ QJR̩L JL̫ JL͇W
K̩L O̳Q QKDX OͳD ÿ̫R QKDX K͍ DL OjP QKͷQJ YL͏F Pj OͫL FKR ÿ̫QJ Oj
QJ˱ͥL JL͗L QJ˱ͥL W͙W *LD ÿuQK [m K͡L SKRQJ WͭF FK͇ ÿ͡ FNJ ÿ͉X E͗ K͇W
E͗ ÿ͇Q W̵Q F͡L U͍ ÿ͋ WKjQK O̵S [m K͡L PͣL &iL [m K͡L PͣL ̭\ NK{QJ
WUDQK ÿ̭X FKR TX͙F JLD KD\ FKR GkQ W͡F

7URQJ QKͷQJ OͥL WX\rQ WUX\͉Q FͯD 9L͏W 0LQK WK̭\ OX{Q OX{Q QyL QjR
Oj K̩QK SK~F QjR Oj W͹ GR EuQK ÿ̻QJ Pj V͹ WK̵W WKu WUiL QJ˱ͫF W̭W
F̫ 1KͷQJ O͙L K͕ GQJ Oj QyL G͙L ÿiQK OͳD F˱ͣS EyF JL͇W K̩L WjQ SKi
NK{QJ NLrQJ Gq Ju F̫ PL͍Q OjP FKR QJ˱ͥL WD P̷F OͳD KD\ Vͫ Pj WKHR
PuQK Oj ÿ˱ͫF”44

1JѭQJ WUtFK
7KHR QKӳQJ QKұQ ÿӏQK WUrQ FXҧ {QJ 7UҫQ 7UӑQJ .LP TXD FXӕQ +ӗL .ê
³0ӝW &ѫQ *Ly %өL´FKR WKҩ\ WiF JLҧ ÿm QKұQ ELӃW ÿѭӧF WKӵF FKҩW FRQ
QJѭӡL +ӗ &Kt 0LQK Yj ÿҧQJ &691 Oj PӝW WұS ÿRjQ PDILD OX{Q Jk\ FKLD
UӁ SKi KRҥL ÿҩW QѭӟF WҥR UD FXӝF QӝL FKLӃQ GDL GҷQJ NK{QJ FҫQ WKLӃW
WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF 91 OjP VX\ \ӃX WLӅP OӵF TXӕF JLD GkQ WӝF EҵQJ Vӵ ViW
KҥL FiF SKҫQ Wӱ NKiQJ FKLӃQ QKѭQJ NK{QJ WKHR &1&6 1KӳQJ NKҭX KLӋX
Pj &691 WKѭӡQJ GQJ Oj ÿӝF OұS Wӵ GR KҥQK SK~F EuQK ÿҷQJ FKӍ GQJ
ÿӇ GӕL JҥW GkQ 9LӋW 1DP Pj WK{L

7yP OҥL ÿҧQJ &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 91 FKӍ WUDQK ÿҩX FKR TX\ӅQ OӧL Yj QKX
FҫX FӫD &ӝQJ 6ҧQ 4XӕF 7Ӄ FKӭ NK{QJ KӅ Yu 4XӕF *LD 'kQ 7ӝF 9LӋW
Nam. &KtQK ViFK WjQ ViW OүQ QKDX FXҧ &6 EҵQJ KuQK WKӭF ÿҩX WUDQK JLDL
FҩS ÿҩX Wӕ ÿLҥ FKӫ SKӫ QKұQ OXkQ WKѭӡQJ ÿҥR Oê SKi QiW WuQK JLD WӝF
WӕW ÿҽS YӕQ Fy Wӯ QJjQ ÿӡL WUrQ ÿҩW QѭӟF WD ÿy Oj PӝW WӝL iF WR OӟQ ÿӕL
YӟL 'kQ 7ӝF

150 LONG ĐIỀN

6ӱ JLD 3KҥP YăQ 6ѫQ

3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ Oj PӝW Vӱ JLD 9LӋW 1DP Yà
Oj Vƭ TXDQ WURQJ 4XkQ OӵF 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ +zD

7URQJ YDL WUz QJѭӡL YLӃW Vӱ {QJ FӝQJ WiF YӟL 7ұS VDQ 6ӱ ĈӏD GR
PӝW QKyP JLiR YLrQ Yj VLQK YLrQ WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF 6ѭ SKҥP 6ài Gòn
ViQJ OұS Yj YLӃW UҩW QKLӅX EjL QJKLrQ FӭX QKѭ FiF EjL ³7KiL ÿӝ Yà hành
ÿӝQJ FӫD QKkQ Vƭ 9LӋW 1DP WURQJ NKRҧQJ ÿҫX WKӃ Nӹ ;;´ ³ĈӇ VR ViQK
FiF DQK KQJ WUѭӟF 1JX\ӉQ +XӋ YӟL 1JX\ӉQ +XӋ´ ÐQJ FNJQJ ELên
khҧR UҩW QKLӅX ViFK Vӱ WURQJ ÿy Fy Eӝ ViFK Vӱ F{QJ SKX QKҩW FӫD {QJ
Oj 9LӋW 6ӱ 7kQ %LrQ JӗP TX\ӇQ ELrQ VRҥQ Yj SKiW KjQK WӯQJ TX\ӇQ
Wӯ QăP ÿӃQ QăP

.KL Oj Vƭ TXDQ 4XkQ OӵF 9LӋW QDP &ӝQJ KzD {QJ WӯQJ Oj &KӍ KX\
WUѭӣQJ WUѭӡQJ 4XkQ EiR Yj &KLӃQ WUDQK WkP Oê &k\ 0DL > @ &KӭF Yө
FXӕL FQJ QăP Oj ĈҥL Wi WUѭӣQJ .KӕL 4XkQ 6ӱ 3Kòng 5 (Phòng
Nghiên CӭX Eӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX > @

6DX ELӃQ Fӕ {QJ Eӏ EҳW ÿL KӑF WұS FҧL WҥR 1ăP {QJ TXD ÿӡL
Yu EӋQK WұW WҥL WUҥL FҧL WҥR 7kQ /ұS KX\ӋQ 6{QJ 7KDR WӍQK 9ƭQK 3K~ > @

Sách:
9ӻ WX\ӃQ Nê WrQ 'ѭѫQJ &KkX

9LӋW Vӱ WkQ ELrQ TX\ӇQ 6jL *zQ

9LӋW Vӱ WRjQ WKѭ 6jL *zQ

9LӋW 1DP FiFK PҥQJ Vӱ WrQ NKiF Oj 9LӋW 1DP WUDQK ÿҩX Vӱ 1;%
VNJ +ùng, Hà NӝL

CUỘC CHIẾN VIỆT NAM 1945-1975 151

&XӝF 7әQJ &{QJ .tFK 7әQJ .KӣL 1JKƭD FӫD 9LӋW &ӝQJ 0ұX
7KkQ YLӃW FQJ YӟL /r 9ăQ 'ѭѫQJ

4XkQ Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP &ӝQJ KzD

9LӋW 1DP KLӋQ ÿҥL Vӱ \ӃX 1;% 7KDQK %uQK +j 1ӝL
Chú thích

A D E F 7ѭӣQJ 1LӋP 3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ
/LrQ NӃW QJRjL

7ѭӣQJ 1LӋP 3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ
&iL FKӃW FӫD Vӱ JLD 3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ DXGLR

9LrW Vӱ WRjQ WKѭ
7LӇX Vӱ 3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ :
http://ngothelinh.tripod.com/DT_PhamVanSon.html EjL FӫD
NguyӉQ 9ăQ 'ѭӥQJ
³7UѭӟF QăP ӣ PLӅQ 1DP {QJ 3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ Oj PӝW WURQJ
UҩW tW QKӳQJ Yӏ YLӃW Vӱ %ӝ Vӱ ÿѭӧF QKLӅX QJѭӡL ELӃW ÿӃQ QKҩW FӫD {QJ
Oj Eӝ 9LӋW 6ӱ 7kQ %LrQ
7{L KkQ KҥQK ÿѭӧF OjP YLӋF GѭӟL TX\ӅQ FKӍ KX\ FӫD {QJ Wӯ QăP
ÿӃQ 7KӡL JLDQ Qj\ {QJ PDQJ FҩS EұF 7KLӃX Wi JLӳ FKӭF Yө
&KӍ KX\ WUѭӣQJ WUѭӡQJ 4XkQ %iR &KLӃQ 7UDQK 7kP /ê &k\ 0DL
W{L PDQJ FҩS EӵF 7UXQJ ~\ Oj KXҩQ OX\ӋQ YLrQ Yj Vƭ TXDQ DQ QLQK FӫD
7UѭӡQJ &KtQK WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ Qj\ {QJ ÿm WX FKӍQK Eӝ Vӱ QyL WUên và
FKR WiL EҧQ
1ăP WUѭӡQJ &k\ 0DL ÿәL WrQ FKӍ FzQ Oj WUѭӡQJ 4XkQ %iR
Ngành ChiӃQ 7UDQK 7kP /ê WiFK UD ULrQJ ÿXӧF Gҥ\ ULrQJ ӣ PӝW WUѭӡQJ
FӫD QJjQK Qj\ PӟL WKjQK OұS ӣ PӝW ÿӏD ÿLӇP NKiF GR ÿy 7KLӃX Wi
3KҥP 9ăQ 6ѫQ FNJQJ ÿѭӧF WKX\rQ FKX\ӇQ YӅ QJjQK &KLӃQ 7UDQK &KtQK
7Uӏ 6DX ÿy NK{QJ OkX {QJ ÿѭӧF Eә QKұP YjR FKӭF Yө 7UѭӣQJ %DQ
4XkQ 6ӱ FӫD 4XkQ /ӵF 91&+ WKXӝF %ӝ 7әQJ 7KDP 0ѭX ÐQJ OҫQ
OѭӧW ÿѭӧF WKăQJ ÿӃQ FҩS ĈҥL Wi Yj JLӳ QKLӋP Yө Qj\ FKR ÿӃQ QJj\ PLӅQ
Nam sөS ÿә
1Jj\ QJj\ GX\ QKҩW Pj W{L QKӟ VXӕW QăP W ÿ~QJ
PӝW QăP VDX QJj\ W{L ÿѭD ÿҫX YjR FP ӣ WUѭӡQJ 'RQ %RVFR ӣ *z 9ҩS
WUrQ FKX\ӃQ WjX KӓD QyL WUrQ TXD PӝW Nҿ Kӣ WKұW QKӓ FӫD WRD tàu, tôi
ÿm QKuQ WKҩ\ QKj WKѭѫQJ %ҥFK 0DL Yj JD +jQJ &ӓ QKӳQJ ÿӏD GDQK
FӫD +j 1ӝL Pj W{L ÿm ÿѭӧF ÿӑF TXD WURQJ FiF WiF SKҭP FӫD 7ӵ /ӵF
9ăQ çRjQ WKXӣ WXәL KӑF WUz Vƭ TXDQ W QKkQ FҩS 7i ÿm QJӝS WKӣ FKӃW
WURQJ WRD FKӣ V~F YұW TXmQJ JLӳD ÿѭӡQJ 9LӋW 7Uu <rQ %iL .Ӈ Wӯ ÿy

152 LONG ĐIỀN