An Incomplete Education - 3,684 Things You Should Have Learned but Probably Didn't

23. junta: Plus three more where which
right:

It's the Spaniards' word for "council,
The British (and most of our anchor

24. sheik: T h e Brits and the Arabs say S H A K E
be coming round. The rest of us seem

25. Celtic: The Greeks (who made up the wor
spelled this with a k; and purists, incl
c hard: KELT-ic. But then, you have

Twen
Not t

We'll assume that you
eighth grade, and that
the opposite of "all wrong." B
you're most likely to go wrong
or screenplay. To make things
cending order of difficulty (ou
trickiness). And we've provide

1. traWer The English do it with
accented syllables, e.g.,

2. princip/e/principtf/ They offered this one i
asil at the time. Briefly,
portantperson in your

3. stationary/stationary With the first, you're
your way to what the E

4. coo/fy First it looks right, the
that familiar suffix, with
enness, the double s in

5. embarrass Two rs two ss. But "har

6. unparalleled The archetypal trick w

7. seize Forget "i before e excep
of the Latin capio ("I tak

LEXICON 657

h side you're on counts for more than simply being

," and they're going to want you to say H O O N - t a .
persons) prefer JUN-ta.

E , and the anchorpersons, slowly but surely, seem to
m more at home with S H E E K , as of Araby.

rd Celtic) and the Bretons (who are Celtic) both
luding many British speakers, continue to make that
the Boston Celtics to think about.

nty-Six Words
to Write Wrong

mastered "necessary" and "separate" back in the
t you remember "all right" on the grounds that it's
Beyond such basics, here are the twenty-six words
g on in your next business letter, interoffice memo,
just a bit more galvanizing, we've listed them in as­
ur criteria included rarefaction—see #20—as well as
ed commentary.

h two /s, but America doesn't double-up except in
, controlled, propeller, referral.

in eighth grade, too, but we were putting on Clear-
, a principe is a ru/e, and the principe/ (the most im­
school) is your pal.

standing in one place; with the second, you're on
English still call the stationer's.

en it looks wrong. The fact is, you're simply adding
h its /, to the root. Likewise the double n in drunk­
misspelling (it works with prefixes, too).

rass."

ord.

pt after c," which works for the English derivatives
ke") family: "deceive," "receipt," "conceit," etc., plus

658 AN I N C O M P L E T

8. preceding others like "ceiling." B
waters, there's "siege."
9. nicke/
10. forgo/forego Okay: There are three
course, there's "supers
11. superintendent whose present particip

12. moccasin Maybe it's just us.
13. glamour
14. impostor The first, meaning "re
cating abstention or pr
15. desiccate you know: It refers to
"foregone conclusion."
16. re.ru>ritate
17. inoculate Likewise, "correspon
which are e and whic
18. sacrilegious their stems won't help

19. concensus Those use-what's-at-h
20. rarefy
21. prophejy So far, so good. But it'
22. genealogy
23. pavilion The single hardest ca
24. dysfunction words take -or, simpl
25. braggadocio "doer"), but watch out

If you use an adult wor
interior consonant, th
late, vacillate, flagellate
Your move.

Nothing to do with pa
plus oculus ("eye"), ref
skin. For analogous re

T h e relationship is wit
how to spell "sacrilege
ber how to spell that.)

Not a head-counting, b

Also: "liquefy," "stupefy,

The verb, which you p

With "mineralogy" an
end in "-ology."

Not helped by the Fr
by "cotillion," its equal

This prefix is Greek
we're talking medicine
The double g (as in "br
gle c, which imitates n
character—Braggadoc^

E EDUCATION

But: "weird," "sheik," "inveigle." And, to muddy the

e verbs in -ceed: "succeed," "proceed," "exceed." O f
sede." All the rest are -cede, including "precede,"
ple is therefore spelled thus.

linquish," usesfor-, an old Anglo-Saxon word indi­
rohibition, as in "forbid," "forsake," "forbear." Fore-
what's gone before, as in "forewarn," "forebode,"
"
nde^/," "independerc/." You have to memorize
ch a: Even knowing the Latin conjugations and
(e.g., "attendant").
and Indians. Likewise, "raccoon."
's "glamorous."
ase o f "-er or -or}" In general, learned, Latinate
e A n g l o - S a x o n ones, -er (e.g., "perpetrator" and
t for exceptions (e.g., "actor" and "executioner").
d you can't afford to misspell it. Note the single first
he doubled second one; it's a pattern, too, in titil­
e. But: "dmi^ate," "exaggerate."

ain or injury (as in "innocuous"). From the Latin in
ferring to the little eye the needle makes in your
asons, which we won't go into here, it's "a/zoint."
th "sacrilege," not "religious." Now try to remember
e." (Hint: It's like "privilege." Now try to remem­
)
but a coming together of feeling.
," "putrefy," and their noun forms—"rarefaction," etc.
pronounce "-sigh." T h e noun is with a c.
nd "analogy," one of a handful of words that don't

rench word from which it's derived, pavilion. Or
lly high-living cousin. Also: "vermz/zon."
for "disease," not the familiar Latin one. While
e (and ys), a swollen blood vessel is an aneurysm.
raggart") is easy enough; the problem's with the sin­
neither the Italian suffix -occio, or the Spenserian
^io—from which the word derives.

26. autarky Here's a prestige distin
make it this week. Aut
autarky (from a differe
economic, damn-the-im

PLUS, AS AN EXTR
SIX PHRASES YOU MA

YOU WRIT

bated breath That is, shortened—a

pore over What you do to a m
stack of pancakes.

harebrained Ditto "harelip."

test your mtttle Unless you're at the p

chaise longue You still want one poo

to the manner born It's all in the executio

Mistaken Iden

ADJECTIVES WHOSE
ARE DECEPTIV

CAPTIOUS: Perversely hard to please, given to fault-f
day. Or invalid wives in the kind of movie where th
ment and everyone in the audience hopes he'll get a

FRACTIOUS: Peevish, irritable, cranky, or, in a more g
to describe children or people who behave like them
viding is, after all, what a fractious individual is af
noun "faction," which also can mean "divisive"—bu

LEXICON 655

nction, and if you're ambitious you'll contrive to
tarky is absolute sovereignty, total self-control;
ent Greek stem) is self-sufficiency, especially of an
mports nature.

A ADDED BONUS,
AY NOT EVEN KNOW
E WRONG

as in "abate." No entrapment here.
manuscript. It's not the same as what you do to a

pig-iron auction.
olside, but it's a "long chair," not a lounge,
on, not in the family real estate.

ntities

LOOKS
VE

inding and petty criticism. Like your boss on a bad
he husband ends up burying the body in the base­
away with it.

general sense, inclined to cause trouble. Often used
m. Fractious derives from fraction; breaking or di­
fter. Not to be confused with "factious," from the
ut for different reasons.

66o AN I N C O M P L E T E

NOISOME: Has nothing to do w
gusting, unwholesome, unplea
ful," as in "noisome prison co

FULSOME: Originally meant w
ful." But eventually some peop
"too much of a good thing" co
sively excessive or insincere. Fu
someone who doesn't like you
in-law.

RESTIVE: Impatient or nervou
used to feel when your mother
to stay home and clean your
mutinous crowds. Unlike "rest

TORTUOUS: Full of twists and
the road to Shangri-la, or Ma
by Henry Kissinger.

PARLOUS: Simply a medieval
what it means: "dangerous, pr
larly in political discussions, t

PASSIBLE: Capable of feeling o
passas, past particle o f the ver
and patience. Women were on

FECKLESS: Just remember tha
less," therefore, means weak,
and irresponsible.

DILATORY: Has to do not wit
crastinate. C a n refer to a del
Don't confuse with "desultory

MERETRICIOUS: Originally m
"attracting by false charms, ga
of the National Enquirer, or "f
tricious promises of a Don Ju

E EDUCATION

with noise, quite a bit to do with smell. Means "dis­
asant," as in "a noisome gas," or "downright harm­
nditions."

what you'd think it would mean: "full, rich, plenti­
ple became uncomfortable with hedonism, and the
onnotation crept in. Today, "fulsome" means offen­
ulsome praise, for instance, is the kind you get from
u much but hopes you've got a job for his brother-

us as the result of restraint or delay. The way you
r said you couldn't go out with your friends, you had

room. Often used to describe balky animals and
tless," "restive" implies resistance to outside control.

d turns (but not necessarily excruciating ones), like
adonna's career path, or foreign policy as practiced

contraction of "perilous," which is, more or less,
recarious, risky." Archaic, but it still crops up regu­
he sports section, and the phrase "parlous times."

or suffering; impressionable. Comes from the Latin
rb "to suffer," and is hence related to both passion
nce considered passible creatures.

at "feck" is a Scottish shortening of "effect"; "feck­
ineffective, or, more commonly, childishly careless

th dilation but with delay; means tending to pro­
liberate attempt to stall or simply to a bad habit.
," disconnected, haphazard, rambling.

meant "like a harlot"; hence, the current meaning:
audy, flashy, or tacky," like the meretricious appeal
falsely persuasive, not to be trusted," like the mere­
an.

FORTUITOUS: Accidental, happening by chance. N
nate": If you and Moby Dick both pick the same s
will be fortuitous (neither of you planned it) but
fortunate.

ENERVATING: T h e opposite of "energizing," i.e., sa
of strength or vitality. Lying on the beach in the ho
cold shower you take afterward is energizing.

GNOMIC: Means wise and pithy, full of aphorisms.
not think of a wrinkled little guy with turned-up
"Freedom's just another word for nothing left to
gnome making a gnomic statement.

Unknown Qua

ADJECTIVES WHOSE LO

TOTALLY INSCRU

LAMBENT: Flickering lightly over a surface, as a lig
glow, luminous. By extension, effortlessly brilliant,
Latin verb meaning "to lick."

PLANGENT: Striking with a deep, reverbating soun
By extension, plaintive, as in "the plangent notes o
verb meaning "to lament."

INCHOATE: Just begun, undeveloped, immature, i
meaning "to begin." Pronounced "in-KOH-it."

JEJUNE: A word with too wide a range of meaning
ren" to "weak, insubstantial, unfortifying" and "dul
ticated." Solution: remembering that "jejune" com
"fasting," i.e., having no food in your stomach, an
lack of nourishment. (It's also related to "jejunum
tine that the ancient Roman medical man Galen
performed autopsies, and to the French déjeuner,
Pronounced "juh-JOON."

LEXICON 661

ot to be confused with "fortu­
spot to swim in, your meeting
not, from your point of view,

apping, debilitating, depriving
ot sun all day is enervating; the

But there's no way you'll ever
toes; O K , picture him saying,
lose." That's an example of a

antities

OOKS ARE
UTABLE

ght or a flame; having a gentle
as in "a lambent wit." From a

nd, as waves against the shore.
of a saxophone." From a Latin

imperfect. From a Latin verb

gs, from "meagre, scanty, bar­
ll, insipid, childish, unsophis­
mes from the Latin word for
nd that it's thus centered on a
m," the part of the small intes­
kept finding empty when he
, literally "to break the fast.")

662 AN I N C O M P L E T E

ATAVISTIC: Resembling one's
than one's parents; reverting t
the Latin word for "great-gran

HEURISTIC: Concerned with w
proceeding by trial and error
conclusion but to eliminate ir
goes along, with any luck arriv
computer programs and educa
a student to find things out fo
and related to Archimedes' "E

DEMOTIC: Originally, relating
the one most people at least st
to "hieratic," "of the priests.") B
designates the colloquial form
people."

FUSTIAN: The base meaning
to resemble velveteen. By ext
tive) for an overblown, pom
speaking or writing. From Fo
made.

HERMETIC: Pertaining to alch
in "hermetic seal," a process de
fluences, hidden from view,
Great Hermes," author of an
Greek god Hermes and the ol

NUMINOUS: Dedicated to or h
numinous wood." By extensi
From the Latin word for "pres

PROTEAN: Changing form ea
Proteus, who knew everything
swer questions because he kep
etc. Not to be confused with

E EDUCATION

ancestors, especially one's remote ancestors, rather
to ancestral type, as in "atavistic tendencies." From
ndfather's grandfather."

ways of finding things out or of solving problems;
r; using hypotheses not to come to an immediate
rrelevancies and modify one's take on things as one
ving at a theretofore unknown goal. Used of certain
ational philosophies; the "heuristic method" trains
or himself. From the Greek verb meaning "to find,"
Eureka!" ("I have found it").

to the simplified form of ancient Egyptian writing,
tood a chance of understanding. (As such, opposed
By extension, "popular, in common use." Today, also
m of Modern Greek. From the Greek word for "the

is a coarse, thick cloth usually dyed a dark color
tension, a derogatory term (noun as well as adjec­
mpous, padded, and ultimately empty style of
ostat, the Cairo suburb where the cloth was first

emy or the occult; hence esoteric. Also, airtight (as
eveloped by alchemists), protected from outside in­
cloistered. From Hermes Trismegistus, "Thrice-
ncient books about magic, equated with both the
lder Egyptian god Thoth.

hallowed by a deity, especially a local one, as in "a
ion, holy, awe-inspiring, appealing to the spirit.
siding deity."

asily; variable, versatile. From the Greek sea-god
g but could not be pinned down and made to an­
pt changing his shape, from fire to snake to water,
two other myth-derived adjectives, "promethean"

(from the Greek hero Prometheus; see page 257)
Greek robber and villain Procrustes, of the one-size

PRIAPIC: Suffering from a persistent, and usually pa
phallic; obsessed with masculinity or virility, genera
the Greek god of procreation.

INEFFABLE: Unutterable, either because you can't (i
shouldn't (it's too sacred); unable to be described in
the Latin verb meaning "to speak out."

INELUCTABLE: Inescapable, inevitable, as in "the ine
ible and the audible" with which Stephen Dedalus
page 250). From the negative of the Latin verb mea

ALEATORY: Depending on chance (literally, on the
as in Caesar's Alea jacta est, "The die is cast"). B y
choice by an artist or a musician, as when John Cage
the I Ching to determine which notes to play next.

OTIOSE: Originally, indolent, lazy. Today, ineffectiv
From the Latin word for "leisure."

EIDETIC: Very vivid, but not real; said of images that
outside the head, experienced most often in childh
detic memory summons up an image, as if on a men
ily comprehending it. From the same Greek word
and "idol." Conceptually related word: "oneiric," ha
the Greek word for "dream."

viscous: Having high viscosity, yes. But does that
line, or slow, like molasses? Answer: slow. A viscou
it's sticky, glutinous. From the Latin word for "bir
catch birds.

LEXICON 663

and "procrustean" (from the
e-fits-all bed).

ainful, hard-on. By extension,
ally one's own. From Priapos,

it's too overwhelming) or you
n words. From the negative of

eluctable modalities of the vis­
s was obsessed in Ulysses (see
aning "to struggle against."

throw of a die, alea in Latin,
extension, involving random
e (see page 283) used to throw
.

ve, serving no purpose, futile.

t are perceived, wrongly, to be
hood. The person with an ei­
ntal screen, without necessar­
for "form" that gave us "idea"
aving to do with dreams, from

mean it flows fast, like gaso­
us substance is only semifluid;
rd-lime," a substance used to

664 AN I N C O M P L E T E

Six Mn

MEMORIES

1. T h e order of the planets fr
served us nine pickles (Mercu
Neptune, Pluto).
2. The seven hills of Rome: P
tine, Quirinal, Viminal, Esqui
3. The twelve cranial nerves: O
viewed a hop (olfactory, optic
cial, acoustic, glossopharyngea
4. The Linnaean system of cl
seeking fortune (kingdom, phy
5. Ranking order of the Bri
Boston? (duke, marquess, earl
6. The names of the departmen
a circle; leave her home to ente
Justice, Interior, Agriculture,
Housing and Urban Developm
Affairs).

E EDUCATION

nemonic Devices

ARE MADE OF THESE

om the sun outward: M y very earnest mother just
ury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

Poor Queen Victoria eats crow at Christmas (Pala­
iline, Capitoline, Aventine, Caelian).
On old Olympus' towering top, a fat-assed German
c, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, fa­
al, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal).
lassification: King Peter came over from Germany
ylum, class, order, family, genus, species, form).
itish peerage (see page 224): D o men ever visit
l, viscount, baron).
nts in the president's Cabinet: See the dog jump in
ertain editors vivaciously (State, Treasury, Defense,
Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services,
ment, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans

'How Do You Say
Country 'Yearningfor

A STAY-AT-HOME'S GUIDE T

PHRASES IN THREE

LATIN QUARTER: A COU
DOUBLE-BARRELED PHRA
EQUAL NUMBER OF SAWE

AND ABBREVIAT

Now that nobody even thinks about taking Greek
more or less businesslike language, that comes off as
not just among lawyers, doctors, cardinals, and bo
shorthand forms (re to qua, e.g. to i.e., viz. to vide)
lection of the best of the big-deal phrases.

Sawed-Off Latin Words and Abbreviatio

c: Used to show that a date is approximat
circa, around. Also sometimes ca. Pronou

RE: Shorthand (and memorandumese) for "a
comment yesterday." From in re, in this m

CF.: Meant to get you to compare something
20," that is, look at it with an eye to the i
confer, meaning "consult." If you pronoun
page twenty."

FL.: From floruit, "he (or she) flourished." S
plates of old paintings when it's known w
when he was born (for the record, n., fr
obiit, literally "went to meet"). A n d whi

LEXICON 66s

in Your
the Mud'?"

TO WORDS AND
LANGUAGES

UPLE DOZEN
ASES AND AN
ED-OFF WORDS
TIONS

anymore, it's Latin, actually a
s the height of erudition. And
otanists, either. Here, all the
you'll ever need, plus our se­

ons

te: "Died c. 1850." Short for
nced "SIR-ka."

bout," "concerning": "Re your
matter. Pronounced "ray."

g to something else: "cf. page
issue at hand. From the Latin
nce it, say the letters, " cee eff '

hows up on the brass name-
when an artist worked but not
rom natus) or died {ob., from
ile we're on the subject, note

666 AN I N C O M P L E T E

also: aet, from aetat
artist was when he d
to emphasize the fo

MS.: T h e abbreviation fo
ography. Not to be
dress. More than on

OP.: The abbreviation fo
and designating eit
stand as a unit.

vs.: Against, in the cour
ated v.

D.V.: G o d willing, from D
though show-offs of
in our way."

E.G.: For when you're abo
rus fruits, e.g., orang
of list (no grapefruit
the sake of example

I.E.: For when you're abo
of something: "citru
with an inedible rind
min C content." S
chatty than e.g.

N.B.: For nota bene, "note
thinks you might m
icance of.

QUA.: "In the capacity of,"
not as a story or an
making, as cinema, a
relative-pronoun fo
tious.

sic: A nudge, usually p
third party got some

E EDUCATION

tis, "at the age of," for when they know how old the
did it but not the calendar year it was done, or want
ormer.

or manuscriptum, manuscript, in a footnote or bibli­
confused with Ms., the magazine and form of ad­
ne manuscript? M S S .

or opus, work, used in cataloguing musical works,
ther a single composition or a group of them that

rtroom as the stadium. From "versus," also abbrevi­

Deo volente. Admittedly not much seen these days,
f an antiquarian bent use it to mean "if nothing gets

out to give (or be given) a bunch of examples: "cit­
ge, lemon, lime." Does not guarantee completeness
t, for instance, above). Short for exempli gratia, "for
e."

out to explain (or have explained to you) the nature
us fruits, i.e., those from trees of the family Citrus,
d, juicy flesh, usually in segments, and a high vita­
hort for id est, "that is." More authoritative, less

well." Calls your attention to something the writer
iss or not see the, in his opinion, enormous signif­

"considered as," as in "the film qua film"—the film
n evening's entertainment, but as an act of movie­
as art. Pronounced "kway" or "kwah." From a Latin
rm. Caution: User stands to reveal self as preten­

parenthetical, often gloating, pointing out how a
ething wrong or gave himself away: "In his review

of the new Sylvester Stallione (sic) movie
tion: User stands to reveal self as smug.

viz.: Used after a word or expression clearly re
lent to our "namely" or "to wit": "The citr
lime, grapefruit, tangerine, kumquat." (N
tunately, but you get the point.) A n abbre
mitted to see." Likewise, sc. or scil, fro
know." Both viz. and sc., unlike e.g., gu
complete rundown.

Q.E.D.: The capital letters printed triumphantly
convincingly proven what he set out to pr
ter, or a lifetime—ago. Short for quod era
to be shown." A favorite of geometry
pedants.

R.I.P.: Right, on all the old tombstones. But it'
"May he (or she) rest in peace," not "Res
might see it on an old French or German

ERGO: "Therefore," "hence." Unforgettable in D
ergo sum, "I think, therefore I am" (see p
various mathematical proofs.

PACE: "With all due respect to" or "with the per
there are times when more is more." Use
cally polite, disagreement. Pronounced "P
micians) or "PAH-chay" (less correct, but

STET: "Let it stand," "ignore all previous instruc
is, after all, how we want it." A printer's
body in a position to make—or not make—
of stare, "to stand." T h e opposite: dele
"delete."

VIDE: In reference to a passage in a book, means "
version of quod vide, "which see," sometim

IBID.: One of the old term-paper nightmares. "I
passage" (i.e., the one referred to in the n

LEXICON

e. . . ." From sic, "thus." C a u ­

equiring itemization. Equiva­
rus fruits, viz., orange, lemon,
No mention of tangelo, unfor­
eviation o f videlicet, "it is per­
m scilicet, "it is permitted to
uarantee they're giving you a

by a person who thinks he's
rove a paragraph—or a chap­
at demonstrandum, "which was

teachers and miscellaneous

's short for Requiescat in pace,
st in peace," which is why you
n tombstone, too.

Descartes' formulation Cogito,
page 314) and unavoidable in

mission of," as in "Pace Mies,
ed to express polite, or ironi­
PAY-see" (preferred by acade­
t more common).

tions to alter or correct," "this
term, but one useful to any­
—final changes. From a form
e, from the Latin word for

"see" or "consult." A shortened
mes also abbreviated as q.v.

In the same book, chapter, or
note immediately preceding).

668 AN I N C O M P L E T E

Short for ibidem, "in
opere citato, "in the
number, and doesn't
footnotes.

ET AL.: "And others," short
other people." More
"and so forth," and c

AD HOC: "For this thing," sa
matter at hand and
bly last out only the
that somebody is—
Cf. pro tern, short fo

AD LIB.: "To the desire"; in m
an entire piece, as lo
without the period,

PER SE: "Through itself"; in

PASSIM: Scattered, occurring
ence occurring here
author.

Double-Barreled Latin P

BONA FIDE ( B O H - n a - F I D E
faith"; sincere, genuine.

CASUS BELLI ( K A H - s u s - B E L L
precipitates war.

cui BONO ( K W E E - B O H - n o h
a Roman magistrate to make t
termine who stood to gain fro
pose?"

DE FACTO (deh-FAK-toh): "F
A de facto government is not
trol; cf. dejure, following.

E EDUCATION

n the same place." Doesn't, unlike op. cit., short for
work cited," require an author's name, just a page
t send you scrolling up through the 150 preceding

for both et alia, "and other things," and et alii, "and
e specific than etc., short for et cetera, "and the rest,"
can, unlike etc., be used of people.

aid of something impromptu, improvised, for the
that matter only. An ad hoc committee will proba­
season (or the problem); an ad hoc solution implies
—or ought to be—working on a permanent one.
or pro tempore, "for the time being."

music, a sign that somebody can play a passage, or
oud and as fast as he wants. In show business, and
a sign that somebody forgot his lines.

ntrinsically, by dint of its very nature.

g throughout. Applied to a word, passage, or refer­
e and there, over and over, in a specific book or

Phrases

or B O H - n a - F I E - d e h ) : Done or made "in good

L - e e ) : "Occasion of war." An event that justifies or

h ) : "For whom (is it) good?" Question first posed by
the point that one way to approach a crime is to de­
om it. Often wrongly used to mean "For what pur­

From the fact." In reality; actual, actually in power.
formally elected or installed, but is firmly in con­

DE JURE (deh-YOO-reh): "From the law/' Accord
jure government is duly elected and installed, but
facto, previously.

EX POST FACTO ( E K S - p o s t - F A K - t o h ) : "From wha
lated, enacted, or operating retroactively.

IN MÉDIAS RES (in-MAY-dee-ahs-RACE): "Into t
middle of a story or narrative; without background
the classical epic, first formulated by the poet Hora
ab ovo, "from the egg."

MEMENTO MORI ( m e h - M E N - t o f i - M O R - e e ) : "Re
minder or warning of death; a death's head.

MUTATIS MUTANDIS (moo-TAH-tees-moo-TAH
ought to have been changed having been changed."
tions having been made, the indicated variances co

NE PLUS ULTRA (nay-ploos-UL-trah): "Not furthe
inscribed on the Pillars of Hercules (today's Strait
ships. A farthest point, a highest pitch, a culmina
and, implicitly, a suggestion to stay put or, better y

OBITER DICTUM (OH-buh-ter-DIK-tum): "Thing
dental or parenthetical remark. In law, something
point, but that has no bearing on his decision. Plur

PARI PASSU (PAH-ree-PAH-soo): "With equal pa
proceeding alongside.

PERSONA NON GRATA ( p e r - S O H - n a - n o h n - G R A H
Someone unacceptable within a given context.

QUID PRO QUO (kwid-proh-KWOH): "Something
tion, an even exchange; tit for tat.

SINE QUA NON (sin-neh-kwah-NOHN): "Withou
able element, condition, or quality.

SUB ROSA (sub-ROH-sah): "Under the rose," thoug
it was the rose Cupid gave someone as a bribe not

LEXICON 669

ding to law; in principle. A de
exercises no real power; cf. de

at is done afterward." Formu­

the midst of things." Into the
or preamble. A convention of
ace. The opposite approach is

member you must die." A re­

HN-dees): "The things that
" With the necessary substitu­
onsidered.
er beyond," said to have been
of Gibraltar), as a warning to
ation; an impassable obstacle;
yet, turn back.
g said by the way." Any inci­
g the judge says in arguing a
ral: obiter dicta.
ace." Simultaneously, equally,

H-ta): "Person not pleasing."

for something." A compensa­

ut which not." The indispens­

gh debate rages as to whether
t to gossip about the affairs of

670 AN I N C O M P L E T E

Venus, or a rose carried by the
him with his finger to his Hps
means "in confidence," with s

sui GENERIS (SOO-ee-JEN-e
analyzed or catalogued along

TU QUOQUE ( T O O - K W O H - k
"So are you." A response to an

ULTRA VIRES (UL-trah-VEE
one's jurisdiction. It's well kno
ultra vires in Vietnam.

FOUR LATIN PHRASES FO

CORPUS DELICTI ( K O R - p u s - d e - L I K - t e e ) :
"The body of the crime." Tangible evidence
of wrongdoing, including (but hardly re­
stricted to) the body of a murder victim.

HABEAS CORPUS ( H A Y - b e e - a s - K O R - p u s ) :
"You have the body." A writ requiring that a
person being detained be brought before a
judge; meant to guard against unfair impris­
onment, it constitutes one of the most cele­
brated features of both the British and the
American legal systems.

E EDUCATION

e Egyptian god Horus in a statue that also showed
s, or some other rose altogether. Anyway, "sub rosa"
secrecy expressed or implied; "clandestinely."

r-is): "Of its own kind." Peculiar, unique, not to be
standard lines.

kweh): "You also." The ancient Roman version of
n accusation directed personally.

ER-ayz): "Beyond (one's) authority." Also, outside
own that several successive administrations behaved

OR YOUR DAY IN COURT

NOLLE PROSEQUI ( N O L - l e h - p r o h - S E K -
wee): "To not wish to proceed." Statement
that the prosecution doesn't want to pur­
sue matters further; the writ ending court
proceedings. Shortened to "nol-pros" by
fast-talking lawyers.

NOLO CONTENDERE ( N O H - l o h - k o n - T E N -
der-eh): "I don't want to fight." Plea made
by a defendant that's equivalent to an ad­
mission of guilt (and that leaves him subject
to punishment), but that allows him the
legal option of denying the charges later.

AND FOUR FOR YOUR

DE PROFUNDIS (deh-pro-FUN-dees): "Out
of the depths" of sorrow and despair, the first
two words of Psalms 130 (and the title of a
confessional essay by Oscar Wilde). An es-
pecially bitter cry of wretchedness.

ECCE HOMO (ek-keh-HOH-moh): "Behold
the man," the words first spoken by Pilate
(John 19:5) when he showed Jesus, crowned
with thorns, to the mob. A name given to
paintings showing Christ thus, also to an
essay by Nietzsche in which he announces
that he's the Antichrist.

NOLI ME TANGERE ( N O H - l e e - m e h - T A N -
geh-reh): "Touch me not," the words spo-

FROM PRUSSIA WIT

We promise: There simply aren't that many Germa
other non-German—to worry about. O f course,
worry about tend to be a mouthful. Also, a skullfu

BILDUNGSROMAN ( b i l - D O O N G S - r o w - M O N ) : L
the story of how somebody came of age, à la Pip i
Stephen Dedalus in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist A
torp in Mann's The Magic Mountain (see page 253

DOPPELGÂNGER ( D O P - p u l - G E N G - e r ) : "Double-
spiritual (or sometimes flesh-and-blood) counterpa
Poe story "William Wilson."

GEMÛTLICH KEIT (guh-MOOT-fik-kite): From G
Implies geniality, coziness, a sense of shared well
gemutlich. Use sparingly: Can make you sound like

R DAY OF J U D G M E N T

ken by Christ to Mary Magdalen (see page
489) after his Resurrection (John 20:17). A
name given to paintings showing Christ
thus; also, a person or thing that can't be
touched; a warning against getting involved
or in the way.

NUNC DIMITTIS (nunk-deh-MIT-us): "Now
lettest Thou (thy servant) depart," the
words Simeon speaks to Jesus, satisfied that
he'd finally seen the Messiah (Luke 2:29).
A name for that canticle, the "Song of
Simeon"; by extension, any permission to go.
To "sing nunc dimittis" is to express one's
readiness to depart or die.

TH LOVE

an expressions for you—or any
the ones that you do have to
ul.

Literally, education novel. Tells
n Dickens' Great Expectations,
As a Young Man, or Hans C a s -
).

goer," the ghostly double, the
art of a living person; as in the

Gemut, temperament, feeling.
l-being. The adjective form is
e your great-uncle Arthur.

672 AN I N C O M P L E T E

GÔTTERDÀMMERUNG (GUH-
last opera in Wagner's four-p
breakdown or tragic end, the

LEBENSRAUM (LAY-bens-RO
justification for its periodic inv
ing than our "manifest destiny

SCHADENFREUDE (SHAH-de
God knows, you've already en
guilty pleasure you register
friend's, misfortune.

STURM UND DRANG ( S H T U R
late-eighteenth-century Germ
volving, like so much else, Go
hair-out reaction to pussyfoo
turmoil.

WELTANSCHAUUNG (VELT-a
life, a comprehensive version

WELTSCHMERZ (VELT-schme
mental pessimism or world-w
man noun so assimilated you

WUNDERKIND (VOON-der-ki
still a child (like Mozart when
adolescent (like Orson Welle
whatever his age, really does
liantly—unlike the enfant terr
to pay much attention to the q

ZEITGEIST (TSITE-guyst): "T
outlook of a period or a gener

The Germans shot their wad
short, to the point, and appea

ECHT (EKKKT): Genuine, ty
be, depending on your point o

E EDUCATION

ter-DEHM-er-oong): "Twilight of the gods." The
part Ring cycle (see page 287). Also, any terminal
louder the better.

OWM): "Living space." A big part of Germany's
vasions of its neighbors. Only slightly less convinc­
y."

n - F R O Y - d u h ) : "Harm joy." You'll enjoy this one;
njoyed the feeling—the slightly malicious, slightly
at the news of someone else's, and especially a

R M - u n d - D R A H N G ) : "Storm and stress." From a
man literary movement (centered on drama and in­
oethe and Schiller), a beat-your-breast, tear-your-
oting French classicism. Now, any great emotional

hn-SHAU-oong): "Worldview." A philosophy of
of the whole enchilada, and how it works.

ertz): "World pain." Ranges from a kind of senti­
weariness to full-fledged distress and angst (a Ger­

don't even have to capitalize it anymore).

ind): "Wonder child." The child prodigy, whether
n he first attracted serious attention), or already an
s when he made Citizen Kane). T h e Wunderkind,
s compose, direct, or appear on talk shows bril­
rible (see page 674), who's too busy making trouble
quality of his performance.

Time ghost." The spirit of the age, the taste and
ration.

d with the nouns; their adjectives, by contrast, are
alingly lowercase.

ypical, the real thing. Echt Schwarzenegger would
of view, either Conan or Terminator.

ERSATZ (EHR-zahts): Substitute, artificial, not
might be Steven Seagal. (No need to set italic; now

VERBOTEN (fehr-BOHT-en): Forbidden, prohibite
roomful of Schwarzenegger fans, it's not crazy to
would be verboten (no italics).

Enjoy these German words and phrases? Well,
Instead, just turn to the following pages and find: B
tik (page 596), Leitmotif (page 287), Ding-an-si
(page 325), Ostpolitik (page 366), Gestalt (page 45

A LIFETIME SUPPLY OF JE

The good news is, not as many French phrases hav
the O E D as Latin phrases. The bad news is, ther
Latin ones that you—and everybody else with an
to make—are going to want in on. Following, or
getting harder as you read on), our favorites amo
tenders, each of which was selected because it (a)
cal equivalent in English, and hence isn't merely
glimpse of the notoriously agile, notoriously devio
hence isn't merely academic; and (c) is more or less
or use, and hence isn't merely self-evident, in whic
it already, n'est-ce pas?

For the Freshman

BÊTE NOIRE (bet-NWAR): Literally, black beast; so
fears, dislikes, or characteristically avoids. Stronger
ful than "bugbear." Note the e on noire.

DE RIGUEUR (de-ree-GUHR): Absolutely necessa
nothing else. Two us in rigueur, a relative of our "ri

LEXICON

real. Ersatz Schwarzenegger
w at home in English.)
ed, don't even think it. In a

assume that Merchant-Ivory

no need to pine for more.
Bauhaus (page 105), Realpoli-
ich (page 320), Ubermensch
56) and Ur- (page 639).

E NE SAIS QUOI

ve made it into Webster's and
e are a lot more French than
ax to grind or an impression
rganized into categories (and
ong the still-numerous con-
has no easy and/or economi-
y pretentious; (b) provides a
ous French mind at work, and
s tricky in its meaning, form,
h case we'd all have mastered

omeone or something that one
than "pet peeve," more grace-

ry; required by good form if
gor."

674 AN I N C O M P L E T E

FAIT ACCOMPLI (fet-a-kom-P
consummated, so that fighting

PAR EXCELLENCE ( p a r - e k - s e l -
ally, by (virtue of its) excellenc

RAISON D'ÊTRE (ray-zohn-DE
istence.

For the Sophomore

BON MOT ( b o h n - M O H ) : Not
rable comment, an aphorism
juste, the "just word," the wo
any word anybody else in the

CARTE BLANCHE (kart-BLAH
for a signature, with the imp
blank check, yes, but also blan

COUP DE GRÂCE ( k o o - d e - G R
delivered to someone mortally
act. Watch that word coup, by
up again in coup d'état, the sud
and coup defoudre, literally, lig

ENFANT TERRIBLE (ahn-fahn
standard-issue brat or to anyb
trouble and calls attention to
behavior. Note: Not to be con

PIÈCE DE RÉSISTANCE (pee-es
tance" as staying-power, end
toughness, or strength. Not, as
the "capper" in a can-you-top-
saddle of lamb—not the cherr
sistance.

E EDUCATION

LEE): Literally, accomplished fact; a thing already
g it is useless, and changing it impossible.

-AHNSE): Above all others of the same type; liter-
ce. Paris is the European capital par excellence.

ETR): "Reason for being." Justification for one's ex-

t just a "good word," but a witty remark, a memo-
even. C o m e junior year, you'll want to take on mot
rd that conveys what's meant more precisely than
dorm could come up with.

HNSH): "White paper," a sheet that's blank except
plication that its bearer can write his own deal. A
nket permission.

A H S ) : Literally, stroke of mercy; the death blow,
y wounded. By extension, any finishing or decisive
y the way; it's a favorite of the French, and it shows
dden, and often violent, overthrow of a government,
ghtning bolt; figuratively, love at first sight.

t-teh-REE-bl): "Terrible child"; can refer to your
body, typically a young artist or writer, who causes
himself through unconventional and boat-rocking
nfused with Wunderkind (see page 672).

ss-de-ray-zee-STAHNS): From the sense of "resis-
durance. By extension, something of substance,
s a lot of people seem to think, the crowning glory,
-this sequence of items. At the dinner table, it's the
ries jubilee—that is, or ought to be, the pièce de ré-

For the Literature Major

BELLES LETTRES (bel-LET-re): Serious literary w
more "artistic" than "intellectual," especially essay
fiction, poetry, and drama. Today, tends to have con
effete, the old-fashioned, of Henry James as oppos

FIN DE SIÈCLE (fahn-de-see-EH-kl): "End of centur
nineteenth century, a period celebrated for its de
Mallarmé, Huysman, et al.) as in England (Wilde,
ingly, the phrase is now being applied to the end of

ROMAN À CLEF (roh-mahn-ah-KLAY): "Novel wi
events have been fictionalized, with any luck tantal

SUCCÈS D'ESTIME (sook-say-des-TEEM): A succes
times, respect for the author's—or performer's—rep
on "esteem" rather than popular enthusiasm. Cf.
scandalousness, rather than the excellence, of the m
succèsfou, a "mad" success, a smash hit.

TOUR DE FORCE (toor-de-FORS): "Turn of force,"
hibition of skill, often undertaken by an artist in a
he can do it.

For the History Major

AGENT PROVOCATEUR ( a h - Z H E N - p r o h - v o h - k a - T
dercover agent who infiltrates the trade union or po
pathy with its aims, and gets the members to do pr
can be punished or put away for.

CORDON SANITAIRE ( k o r - D O H N - s a n - e e - T A Y R )
guarded, between an infected area and an adjacen
plies likewise to the isolating of politically sensitive
neighbors consider dangerous.

LEXICON

writings—"beautiful letters"—
s and criticism, but including
nnotations of the artificial, the
sed to Henry Miller.
ry," specifically, the end of the
ecadence in France (Verlaine,
Beardsley, et al.). Not surpris-
f the twentieth century, too.
ith key," in which people and
lizingly.
ss based on reviews (or, some-
putation) rather than on sales,
. succès de scandale, where the
material is the come-on. Also,

" a display of virtuosity, an ex-
field not his own just to prove

TUHR): For example: The un-
olitical party, pretending sym-
recisely those things that they

): The line, generally heavily
nt, as-yet uninfected one. A p -
e subject matter or of a state its

676 AN I N C O M P L E T E

EMINENCE GRISE ( a y - m e e - N
the person who exercises his a
Cardinal Richelieu's private
wondering, is a cardinal's hon

LÈSE-MAJESTÉ (lez-mah-zhes
sovereign; treason. More com
of authority. And that's the sa
word meaning "to injure."

NOBLESSE OBLIGE ( n o h - B L E
lege entails responsibility. Po
other ancien régime—or pre-R

At the Buffet Dinner

COMME IL FAUT (kohme-eel-
sarcastically, of behavior that
comme ilfaut, older people ar
a little something or other sai
of it.

DOUBLE ENTENDRE (DOO-bl
stand double"; in practice, a re
as a flat, seemingly innocent
say double entente, but that's th

D'UN CERTAIN AGE (duhn-sayr
means, in fact, middle-aged a
that afemme d'un certain age i
hill.

FAUTE DE MIEUX ( F O H T - d e
lack of a workable alternative
much the better," and, for tha
of cynical resignation in the fa
opment.

E EDUCATION

N E H N Z - G R E E Z ) : The power behind the throne,
authority unofficially. Literally, "gray cardinal," after

secretary, Père Joseph. Eminence, in case you're
norific.

s-TAY): A n offense or crime against one's ruler or
mmonly, any presumptuous conduct or overstepping

ame les- you see in "lesion," ultimately from a Latin

S S - o h - B L E E Z H ) : "Noble birth obligates," privi-
oint of honor (and raison d'être) for aristocrats and
Revolutionary, "former administration"—types.

-FOH): "As is necessary"; used, sometimes slightly
t is socially up to snuff. In introductions that are
re introduced to younger ones and women to men,
id about each of them to the other, and all the rest

l-ahn-TAHN-dr): Literally, "to hear or to under-
emark with a racy, spicy, off-color undertone as well
surface meaning. Actually, the French themselves
heir problem.

r-tehn-AHJ): Not as imprecise as "of a certain age";
at least. Used euphemistically, but that doesn't mean
is, in the eyes of a Frenchman, necessarily over the

e - M E E U H ) : "For want of something better"; for
e, ideal, or guiding philosophy. Cf. tant mieux, "so
at matter, tant pis, "so much the worse," expressions
ace of yet another new—and questionable—devel-

PLUS ÇA CHANGE ( p l o o - s a - S H A H N - z h e ) : "The mo
of (and a recognized abbreviation for) the express
c'est la même chose, "the more it's the same thing.
way of saying that there's nothing new under the s
wouldn't surprise you.

At the Black-Tie Dinner

ACTE GRATUIT (ahkt-grah-TWEE): The gratuitou
often disruptive, undertaken on impulse. So dubbe
at a time when the Surrealists (along with Gide's c
lot of them. Shooting a gun into a crowd with no p
be an acte gratuit; so were many of the Sixties "hap

FORCE MAJEURE (fors-mah-ZHUR): Literally, "su
tible force, totally out of your control, generally u
tant, serving to release you from your obligations. In
insurance companies call "acts of God," as well as va
negligence and bad judgment.

HOMME MOYEN SENSUEL ( O H M E - m w o y - E H N - s
sensual man, or, as the critic Matthew Arnold put i
English in the 1880s, the fellow "whose city is Pari
gay, pleasurable life of Paris." In other words, any
senses and doesn't let moral and intellectual cons
Today, though, a lot of people use it to mean not
man," "the man of average desires," "the man in the

TRAHISON DES CLERCS (trah-ee-ZOHN-day-KLAY
Julien Benda's term (and his 1927 book title); litera
reference to how intellectuals—writers, artists, an
tury betrayed themselves and each other by allowi
political passions rather than guided by philosophi
at anybody who keeps losing sight of the big picture
sire to win this evening's argument.

ESPRIT DE L'ESCALIER (es-PREE-de-less-kahl-YEH
of the staircase; the slicing, but also rather wise, re

LEXICON 677

ore it changes," the beginning
sion that is concluded by plus
." A worldly, even world-weary
sun, and even if there were, it

us act, sudden, enigmatic, and
ed by the novelist André Gide
characters) were turning out a
particular goal in mind would
ppenings."

uperior strength." The irresis-
unexpected, and, most impor-
ncludes what English-speaking
arious forms of strictly human

sehn-soo-EL): The average
it, introducing the phrase into
is, and whose ideal is the free,
yone who lives the life of the
siderations push him around.
much more than "the typical
e street."

YRK): The critic and essayist
ally, "treason of the clerks," a
d thinkers—had in that cen-
ing their beliefs to be fired by
ical principles. To be directed
e, the ultimate aim, in his de-

H): Not the spirit, but the wit
etort to somebody else's fatu-

678 AN I N C O M P L E T

ousness that you thought of o
(or upstairs to your room) aft

And So to Bed

AMOUR-PROPRE (ah-MOOR
love"—with an even wider ra
from simple self-esteem, to a
ceit, to neurotic self-involvem
paragon (un parangon) of it.

ARRIÈRE-PENSÉE (ah-ree-AY
mous old trap: Does not mea
intention that is concealed, an

CRIME PASSIONNEL (kreem-pa
cially murder, and especially w

DROIT DU SEIGNEUR (dwah-d
as you'd expect, but specificall
sals on her wedding night.

NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE (n
mud," for degradation, deprav
we'd all have thought was ab
sleeping-with-whom context
dramatist, it's a phrase at this
the French, some of whom wi
made it up yourself.

E EDUCATION

only as you were on your way downstairs to the street
er the party had ended.

R - P R O H - p r ) : An old phrase—literally, "self-
ange of meaning than the now-trendy narcissism,
need for admiration by others, to out-and-out con-
ment. Don't be pleased if someone tells you you're a

YR-pahn-SAY): Literally, "behind-thought." A fa-
an afterthought or hindsight. Does mean an idea or
n ulterior motive, a hidden agenda.

ah-see-oh-NELL): Crime of passion, sure, but espe-
when sexual jealousy is the motive. Two ss, two ns.

de-sehn-YUHR): The right of the feudal lord, just
ly his right to sleep with the bride of any of his vas-

aws-tahl-ZHEE-de-la-BOO): "Yearning for the
vity, and your basic wallow, particularly by a person
ove such things, and particularly in a guess-who's-
. Coined by a popular nineteenth-century French

point more familiar to us English-speakers than to
ill look at you admiringly when you use it, as if you'd

Index

A All's Well That Ends
speare), 205,
Aalto,Alvar, 104, 110-11
Abbott, Edwin, 520 Althusser, Louis, 6
abbreviations, 665-68 ambiguity, 199-20
Abelard, Peter and Heloise, 589 American studies,
Abraham, 463, 468, 487
Absalom, 484, 487 first-semester sy
"Abscheulicher" (Beethoven), 293 Supreme Court
abstract expressionism, 71
abstract photography, 119 52-63
a cappella, 277 see also U n i t e d S
acte gratuit, 677 American Telephon
Adams, Ansel, 117,121
ad hoc, 668 (AT&T) Buil
adjectives, 659-63 Ames, Oakes, 49-
Adler, Alfred, 437-38, 455 amour-propre, 678
ad lib., 668 Analysts of the Self
"Analysis Terminab
Aeneid{VirgA\ 2 5 4 , 5 7 4
Aeschylus, 258, 261 minable" (Fre
aesthetics, 306 Ancient Evenings ( M
affect, effect vs., 642 Anderson, Laurie,
affective fallacies, 248 Anderson, Lindsay
Aged'Or,L\ 1 6 6 - 6 7 "Andrea del Sarto"
agent provocateur, 675 "Anecdote of the Ja
ages, 615 Annals (Tacitus), 5
Aida (Verdi), 2 8 6 , 3 0 2 A n n a O., case of, 4
AIDS, 41,123, 357, 537, 647 Anne of Austria, Q
Albania, 404-5
alcoholic drinks, 231-36 France, 599, 6
aleatory, 663 Ann-Margret, 169
Aleman, Airnoldo, 381-82 Anselm, Saint, 340
Alexander technique, 657 Antony and Cleopatra
Alexander the Great, 485, 606
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, 631 212
algebraic numbers, 553 anxious, eager vs.,
All and Everything ( G u r d j i e f f ), Apollo, 258-60, 26
a posteriori, 334
46 apostles, 490-91
allegory of the cave, 309, 331-32 a priori, 314, 334
Arab League, 423
Arabs, 423, 560-61

see also I s l a m
Arbus, Diane, 120

s TO//(Shake­ arch-, 638
209 archaeo-, 639
625 Archer, Isabel, 245
00 Archimedes, 560, 566, 662
2-63 Archimedes' principle, 543-44
yllabus for, 4 - 1 7 architecture and architects, 102-16
decisions in,
andAalto, 104,110-11
States and Barcelona Pavilion, 111-12
ne and Telegraph brutalism in, 105
lding, 106 and Carson, Pirie, Scott depart­
50
8 ment store, 113, 115
The ( K o h u t ) , 4 4 4 C h i c a g o School of, 107, 115
ble and Inter­ and Chrysler Building, 113, 115
eud), 435, 448 expressionism in, 106
Mailer), 37-38 Golden Section in, 544
99 of Gothic cathedrals, 102-3
y, 180 of Greek temples, 102
(Browning), 193 and Gropius, 104-5,109
ar" (Stevens), 25 International Style in, 104-5,
574
450 108-11
Queen Consort of
601 and L e Corbusier, 104, 108-9,
9 114,116
0
a (Shakespeare), and Mies van der Rohe, 107-8,
111,116
642
62, 326 and modern architects, 107-11
of modern buildings, 111-15
1 modern maxims on, 116
modern styles in, 104-7
0-22 postmodernism in, 106-7
and Robie House, 112, 114-15
and L'Unité d'Habitation, 112,

114
and Wright, 109-10,114-15
Ardipithecus kadabbay 524-25
Ardipithecus ramidus, 524-25
Arena Chapel frescoes (Giotto),

66, 82
Arendt, Hannah, 35-36

68o ND EX

Argentina, 344-48, 413 Schnabel and,
argument from design, 340-41 Smith and, 95
Aristotle, 262-64, 306, 310-12, 320, Stella and, 97-
surrealism in, 9
328, 332, 339-40, 546, 559-61, Titian and, 69-
641, 651 Warhol and, 97
Arnold, Matthew, 198, 209 Wyeth and, 95
arpeggios, 277 young turks in,
arrière-pensée, 678 see also architec
Art Deco, 115
art history, 64-123 photography
Anderson and, 99 Asia-Pacific Econ
Barney and, 100-101
Cézanne and, 66, 76-77, 82, 87 Forum (APE
and Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Association of Sou
98
constructivism in, 88-89 tions ( A S E A
cubism in, 76-78, 8 7 - 8 8 , 1 0 8 assume, presume v
D a d a in, 88, 91, 99, 279 Assyrians, 492-93
D e Stijl in, 9 0 , 1 0 8 , 1 1 1 astronomy, 546, 5
El Greco and, 70-72, 77-78 As You Like It ( S h a
in Europe from 1900 to World
War II, 85-92 208
expressionism in, 86 Atalante, L, 1 8 0
fauvism in, 85 Ataturk, Mustafa
futurism in, 88 atavistic, 662
Giotto and, 66-67, 74, 76, 82 atonality, 272-73,
impressionism in, 75-76 Augustine, Saint,
Italian terms in, 81-84 Austen, Jane, ix, 2
Johns and, 95-97 Australopithecus ae
Kooning and, 82, 94, 97 Australopithecus afa
Leonardo and, 67-69, 79-81, 83, Australopithecus afr
544 Australopithecus an
Masaccio and, 67-68 Australopithecus bo
Michelangelo and, 67-69, 79-80, Australopithecus gar
82,584 Australopithecus rob
modernism in, 75-76 auteur theory, 182
Monet and, 75-76 authentic, genuine
old masters in, 66-78 autoimmune disea
Picasso and, 32, 71, 76-78, 87, Avedon, Richard,
120,279, 505-6, 632 averages, 650-51
Pollock and, 93,100
Raphael and, 68-69, 72, 77, 82 B
Rauschenberg, 95-97
Rembrandt and, 74-75, 81-83 Babylonian Captiv
Renaissance in, 67-69, 72, 81-83, Babylonians, 492-
375, 489 Bach, Johann Seb
Rothko and, 94, 97,100
Rubens and, 72-74, 77, 82, 593 271, 279, 281
Baker v. Carr, 5 8
Bakke, Allan, 62-
Balkans, 404-6, 4
Baraka, Imamu Am

31

100 Barber of Seville, The ( R o s s i n i ) , 2 8 5
Barcelona Pavilion, 111-12
98 Barney, Matthew, 100-101
92,100-101 baronets, 228
-70, 72 barons and baronesses, 227
7,123 Baroque period, 83-84, 269, 285,

93-101 296
ture and architects; barouches, 238
Barragân, Luis, 379
nomic Cooperation Barry, M m e . du, 603
EC), 142, 416-17 Bartered Bride, The ( S m e t a n a ) , 2 9 0
utheast Asian Na- Barth, Karl, 594-95
AN), 142, 414-16 Barthes, Roland, 336-37
vs., 642-43 Bartholin, Thomas, 568
3 Bartok, Béla, 274
567-68 bathos, pathos vs., 652
akespeare), 205, Bauhaus, 104-5,109, 673
Bayreuth Festspielhaus, 299-300
Kemal, 401-2 B cells, 5 3 6 - 3 7
beadles, 231
281-83 Beard, Charles A., 576-77
311-12, 577 Beardsley, Monroe, 247-48
224, 229, 238, 246 beers, 234-36
ethiopicus, 5 2 7 Beethoven, Ludwigvan, 270-71,
arensis, 5 2 4 - 2 7
ricanus, 526-27 274,278,287,293, 639
namensis, 5 2 5 - 2 6 behavior therapy, 458-59
oisei, 5 2 7 - 2 8 bel canto, 285, 295, 303
rhi, 526-27 belles lettres, 675
bustus, 5 2 7 - 2 8 Bellini, Vincenzo, 285-86, 293, 295,
2
e vs., 643 303
ases, 537-38 Berg, Alban, 177, 282-83, 288
, 117,120 Bergman, Ingmar, x, 164
Bergson, Henri, 327-28
vity, 493 Berlin, Isaiah, 586
-93, 551 Berlioz, Louis-Hector, 288
astian, 268-69, Berlusconi, Silvio, 373-74
1 Bernstein, Leonard, 211, 273, 282,

-63 284
09 best boys, 185
miri (Leroi Jones), bête noire, 673
Bhutto, Benazir, 388
bi-, 640
Bible, 478-93

familiar characters from, 487-90
and guide to Holy Land, 484-90
quotations from, 478-79
versions of, 4 8 0 - 8 4
Big Bang, 509-11,513,517, 521,556

Big Chill, 532 brain, hemispheres
bights, 221 Brandt, Bill, 121
bildungsroman, 671 Braque, Georges, 7
bioenergetics, 457-58 brass, 275
biofeedback, 457-58 Braudel, Fernando
biology, 505, 508 Breuer, Josef, 455
Birth of a Nation, The, 1 5 0 - 5 2 Brewster, David, 5
Bismarck, Otto von, 575, 628-29 Bridge, The ( C r a n e
bitters, 235 brief therapy, 456
Bizet, Georges, 289, 294, 303 Britten, Benjamin,
Black and Tans, 615 Brooke, Dorothea,
Black Lines ( K a n d i n s k y ) , 86 Broom, Robert, 52
Blackshirts, 615 Brothers Karamazov,
Blair, Tony, 538
Blake, William, 30 (Dostoevsky),
Blithedale Romance, The broughams, 237-3
Brown, John, 14, 5
(Hawthorne), 10 Brown, Linda, 57
B l o o m , Allan, Lx Brown, Louise, 53
Blue Angel, The, 1 7 7 - 7 8 Brown, Robert, 54
Blue Nude ( M a t i s s e ) , 85 Brownian movemen
bobs, 241 Browning, Robert,
Boccioni, Umberto, 88 Brownshirts, 615
Boer War, 613-14 Brown v. Board of E
Bogdanovich, Peter, 1 6 9 , 1 7 5
Bohème, La (Puccini), 2 8 0 , 2 8 6 , 2 9 4 Topeka, 5 7 - 5 8
Bohr, Niels, 568 Brunet, Michel, 52
bona fide, 668 Bruno, Giordano,
bond market, 145-46 brutalism, 105
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 497-98 Buber, Martin, 498
bon mot, 674 Buckley, William, 3
Book, The, 4 8 0 - 8 1 Buddhism, 349, 37
Book Named John Clelands "Memoirs
476-77
of a Woman of Pleasure" v. Bultmann, Rudolf,
Massachusetts, A, 5 9 - 6 0 Bunuel, Luis, 92,1
Boolean algebra, 546-47 Burckhardt, Jacob,
booms, 184 Burgee, John, 106
Boris Godunov ( M o u s s o r g s k y ) , 2 9 0 Burger, Warren, 59
Bosnia, 404-5 Buridan's ass, 332
Boswell, James, 218-19, 234 Bush, George W. 3
Boulez, Pierre, 283-84 Byron, George Gor
Boundaries of Our Being, The
(Tillich), 495 196,199, 208
bowers, 224
Boxer Rebellion, 613-15 c
Boyer, Herbert, 531
Bracciano, Cristofano da, 81 c, 665
Brady, Matthew, 121 Cabinet, U.S., nam
Brahman, 471-73
in, 664
Cabinet of Dr. Caliga

152-54,156,1
cabriolets, 237

INDEX 681

of, 5 3 4 - 3 6 cadenzas, 277
Cage, John, 99, 283,663
78, 87 Cahiers du Cinéma, 1 8 2 , 1 8 5
Callas, Maria, 295-96
, 584-85 Calvin, John, 609-10
Cambodia, 348-51, 415
562 "Cambridge ladies who live in fur-
e), 27
nished souls, the" (cummings),
, 289 26
246 Canada, 139, 351-54, 613
geographical clarifications and,
27 420, 422
The world organizations and, 408,
411-12, 415-16, 418
245 cancer, 537
8 Candide (Voltaire), 3 1 8
55 canonical, 643
cantabile, 277
2 Canterbury Tales, The ( C h a u c e r ) ,
5 188-89, 203
nt, 545 Cantor, Georg, 554
193-94, 334 Cantos ( P o u n d ) , 19
capital gains, 144
Education of captious, 659
8 Caribbean Islands, 421
23 Carlyle, T h o m a s , 126, 2 0 7 , 575-76
568 Carmen ( B i z e t ) , 2 8 9 , 2 9 4 , 3 0 3
Carné, Marcel, 181
8 carriages, 237-39
307, 638 Carroll, Lewis, 546-47
70-71, 472-74, Carson, Pirie, Scott department

496 store, 113, 115
166-67 carte blanche, 674
Carter, Jimmy, 397-98, 649
584 Carrier-Bresson, Henri, 120
"Casta Diva" (Bellini), 293
, 62 casus belli, 668
catalysts, 502
39, 61 catharsis, 263-64, 310
rdon, Lord, 16, catholic, 643-44
Catholic Church, 466-67, 474, 481,
mes of departments
498-99, 649
ari, The, 106, in Germany, 365
164,176 history and, 593-94, 596, 608-10,

612,631
in Mexico, 379
in Nicaragua, 382
Cato the Elder, 607