LY otal 7HEZ] Ab 4 glo} a. ela) EAHSHEZ) Aah glo]. 2. A=Z] WA] Gels, od AS ALEZ] wpa, STS Aop7p=Ez)] upaby}zjo eg. u ° a es Unit 35 345 Wherever you go, you can buy it. It doesn’t matter when(ever) he arrives. Whomever I visit, it’s all the same. No matter what I read, it’s not interesting. Whichever book you buy, it’s expensive. The Sentence-Final Ending -E 20] Qc} (g{c})-- : ‘(someone) sometimes does (or never does) something’ The pattern -= 0] 9it} (git) is used only with action verbs, and brings out the idea that ‘there are times (or there is never a time) when someone does (or doesn’t do) something.’ Its literal meaning is: ‘the experience (act or fact) of doing something exists (or doesn’t exist),’ Examples : Was B4-e Bo} sloi 8. SMS B= Ye] Bs, 2¢ "Ble Ve] geg, 2 "Ble de] gelg. I sometimes smoke. (There are times when I smoke.) I never smoke. (There is never a time when I smoke.) I sometimes drink. (There are times when I drink.) I never drink. (There is never a time when I drink.) I sometimes go to Pusan. (There are times when I go to Pusan.) I never go to Pusan. (There is never a time when I go to Pusan.) I sometimes teach English. (There are times when I teach English.) I never teach English. (There is never a time when I teach English.) The tense is expressed in the final verb 9jt}+ (or $it}), not in the main verb with -=, Study the following examples : AAA Use Yo] UHR, AIA Use Yo] VAN. AZ7\A VseE Yo] MUI, I sometimes work there. I sometimes worked there. I never worked there.
346 ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY mi} Abc} to be red ofotc} to be white yer} to be yellow 7c} to be black spect to be blue A. Substitution Drill 1. oe AS Sots? 2. YH BSS $o}s}] 2? 3. ya SSE Sopspa 2? [ee r& fun iN tN, lo jot —— | oX ie Sam se A. See re ot Unit 35 DRILLS oj ett et} Al ct wt Ast to be like this to be like that to be like that (over there) to be right to be gentle What kind of friend do you like ? What kind of movie do you like? What kind of tape-recorder do you like ? What kind of car do you like? What kind of doll do you like ? What kind of book do you like ? What kind of gloves do you like ? What kind of glasses do you like ? _ ko cL ees a) ° 2-7 on —-&Ww %R } eect, | segue, } Feu ch., Howe} o]Arsh] ch, I have eaten it many times. I have eaten it once. I have eaten it twice. I have eaten it three times. I have eaten it four times. I have eaten it six times. I have eaten it eight times. I have eaten it seven times. The pencil is red. It is a red pencil. Rb BQ) CH, TARY 2k73 9}4 cy, seek eat ch,
Unit 35 Bae apeduey, 2 ajaeequey, MIR VEYA CH, ave dagdua., Se dequd, . ARE} Bab} ch, _ Ashe7} BU, | V7} Aah eh, Apo] Aas, 10. Wao] Seu x, D. Response Drill ol tee) kr | Teacher: @4]-& 44] # Yo) yews? Have you ever eaten Korean food ? Student: °}2, 4S Yo] B ao] gojg. No, I have never eaten it. ol] 7} 2 Yo] glee? = Ut} # Yo] Yorya? = Hale Yo] Bora? & Huret Go] YeorA2? Hla Uo] glory? = 441 Go] Yor2? . Hom et 2) oy 9) SAN Se? . FHF Go] Vora? E. Pattern Drill Teacher: 37-2} AHR, Student: --~=2] BHolR, . MAlebte, Seh2:, . FAoee BAe ag, . FHdek 742, . YL Hole}e 7poF 2, . Te Aolete Apadola, . BR Nee WHR, . Avfe}ee $ofg, 8. B Alet= AWHohR, F. Pattern Drill Teacher: 7-7} 2}e WHR, H of 4 th eeio Ao HY Ase J = oka OT —&GCLHKFOND OO FPF WWDH KF Nn Student: 7-7} 2=%] a#oks. 1B22aq2 qu a aa, tjo] 7 At + 91k. ol 4 3. HAS Y= Aegis. oye, oe, oe, oye, ope, oye, U2, oye, 347 sael] 7} B Uo] Bors, = eh =e el opel. Seah ele golk., Sa HAR slo] ge] 2, So SSS) Wes, a ojZ1 Ue] go} 2, a Lage had baa os Tees | Pato Anyone at all will be fine. Anyone at all will be fine. AAleZ] Sols, #90] = a] Bao] 2. ojrJ= 2] 7} 39} 2, ys 2 o]= 2) 7hok a2, Be Ao]Er] spMoy.s, BAEZ] WAohs, Auer] $o}2, B JER) alates. Whoever comes, it’s alright. Whoever comes, it’s alright. Te US ser] Ft aa, ojtje] 7HEZ] A Qled.2. BAS YER] an]glo}2,
348 4, YH AS AE w]e, oa aS Abe) BAR, 5. FAS Boys wee} a. BAS YER! wg]o}s, 6. 7} Saale aaorg. +7} SAsHeA] ayohs. 7. Val THE BR F glo] 2, ela] 7HEA] ubd = lel, 8. FAS BAS Ht 7242 TAS 724274) areas. Pattern Drill Teacher: GujS yfe Uo] Wok. I sometimes smoke. Student: HHS BPE Yo] Woe, I never smoke. 1. 23D APE eo] Ys, —»-_ DHS} PE Ao] gloya 2. ae] ue Yo] soya, ae] US Ae] goa, 3. LES ZnSe Ue] Welk. AES Sere Asai 4. FSS o}7]= Ao] gle} a, FSS of7]t ao] Glo} g, 5. ABS BAH Ue] loys, —§--_ ABS AAsHE Ae] Mela. 6. AAS Bases eo] Boye, AHS SPalsHe alo] Bo}.g. 7. ABS wWashs Yo] Uys, AHS Ae sHe Ao] goa. 8. AHFBHS Uo] ghey. ABBE eo] go} a. . Integration Drill (Review) Teacher: BzJS AAR, FAW, I'll write a letter. I'll mail it. Student: AAS AA Hla s, I'll write a letter and mail it. Ao s, AS Ajo a. Hox] aS Apalol2. ABLE Awol 2, Ex] wey.a, AS oA] Ez Aoya, AS aber a, Balle, ADS abopy} yz} a. Ho|MYR, whale}, Bo] spl alol&., & ups, teeta] Wes} o].2., & Bh} eee] wes} ae} 2. SAYS, Eel go]2, 4 So] Eeyao] a. Al eon 7PAlae. Salo]
Unit 35 A7|S FT HAl 74] at 2 3he] 2, 8. HIS AMIS, Blog. ANS Fehr] Balog, Integration Drill (Review) Teacher: 4]4ol] 4rd. SBA a, I am going to the market. I’ll drop in (there), Student: 4]%tol] 7}ct}7} SBA. I'll drop in (there) when I go to the market. 1. SS vps, Exte].2, 2S vpjep} Se} a. 2. A SYA, 2}30}-2., a Sep} AOVS, 3. LAS Bes, RHo].a, LAS PSrp} LMM, 4. BPRMYA, ARFMO}S, Bap} AFM AM. 5. ABE MUA, 7} wel s. AS sept at kel, 6. ARS Wyola, Shia, ALS wWajs}ep} Swe} a. 7. Ayzoys, YoywHel.a, Aoyrepyh dela, 8. 7S BoA, Sehe].2, H71S Sep} Se} 2. SHORT STORIES 1. 77} 7REZ)] 2t319194 2 A}Z9t+ (it) doesn’t matter we] 7h] 2S eb Fa) g. 0] sea Yo] we] s. Expansion Drill 7} 7REZ) AQ 2u7, wel 7] Bes ES FAD o] FHEAN AURA, 2. Sf wha] B ao] sloy.s, a2} Dye 39] B ae] Bolg. ose Gye TY ye] Bw Bos Expansion Drill 349 wee ee ob) 2 de] Uz)et, Pe Ae] E Yo] B7) Ascol, & Se UMS 2H ay Bo gle. 3. WS 7ReEZ) BAVA & ee, ela. 2147] 3°, $9 4]Zztel] SS A oka, on} ab7 fA] the same 1412] 93°74 otherwise
350 Unit 35 READING AS VIL Poller) Foahich, aed Ya a Sle Fobs 4) Sed, $ AAA Asc. Adde Ba 4l 4S Fors sun, 2a Ado) Hasdc. te Ase Alsel Ad $e UY, 2A] 83 4A 4F Bc. ac} to be hot (food) A\ t+ to be sour LC} to be salty Ach to be bitter <Al a food AJAY taste, likes and dislikes AJ77t+ to be insipid (bland) 3s}tt ~—s to change al Jto}] in the old days A} 2 appetite ar} to be sweet A] A} a meal BRIEFING I like any kind of Korean food. But I don’t like hot and salty food. I eat bland food. In the old days, I liked sweet and sour food. But my tastes have changed. I have the best appetite in winter. So these days I eat very well.
Unit 36 351 UNIT 36 HHot =A Plain Style Of Speech BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE uy you + 2 a 1, eee What are you eating ? By 7} atc} to be hungry yu} boiled-rice a3 a < 2. Hh7} a2a}A] BES AE, I’m eating boiled-rice because I’m hunUe Zo) Bt}, gry. Let’s eat together. ea already Bro] much, lots, plenty, a great deal + Ag 3. i Hy Ach, Bo) Hoje}, I ate already. Help yourself. #9 all the day, all day (long) aut} to go without food, to skip a meal, to fast AIA9}) ©} absent-mindedly, frantically ay A 4, o}== Bee}eAy 29 wad. I haven’t eaten all day, because I was aA 24] AaAlglo) Aa very busy. So now, I’m eating franti- @] ct} cally. Au to stand okt} to sit down ) ne Al 5, AA AZ) Baz, eek Hole}, Don’t eat standing up, sit down and eat.
352 Unit 36 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. 4 ‘you’ in Sentence I, is a vocative. It is used always with the contrast particle-=, (HU). Ul, (also meaning ‘you’), is used always with the subject particle -7}, (Ul 7). Ue) and uj(7}) are plain words, and are used when speaking to cloese friends or social inferiors. Al ‘you’ is a semi-polite word used (1) when speaking to persons of equal social status or inferiors ; (2) when refering to superiors in the third person ; (3) when the speaker expresses anger. But it is used between a husband and wife. J is a contraction of +s. 3. tt is a contraction of Ue. STRUCTURE NOTES I. The Plain Style: We have already studied the Formal-Polite Style, (See Unit 5 Structure Notes I), and the Informal-Polite Style, (See Unit 3. Structure Notes II), Now let’s study the plain style, (which is also called the ‘ordinary style,’ or the ‘familiar style’), The plain style is used among students, workmen, servicemen, waitresses, or in situations where a certain amount of friendship or fraternization is presumed. It is also used with truly close friends, or when speaking to social inferiors. The foreigner seldom has occasion to use it, except when addressing children; but he hears a great deal of it around him. (a) Question forms : . The question form is made by attaching the ending --+_ (-21t}, -i1}) directly to the verb stem. Study the following examples: 1710] Folo]ut? What is that ? aL ALES Ae? Who is that man? 171 0] o] BALE ? Is that beautiful ? ZOU? Is it alright ? 77) AAS? Who was a teacher ? 7} AAo]Aleu} ? Who do you think is a teacher ? AZo] awe? Was it beautiful ? 1710] of] BH Ayu 1 ? Do you think it will be beautiful ? 1 Alo] Ofc] gJurtk? Where is that book ? 1 Ajo] ofc] Queue? Where was that book ?
Unit 36 353 = Alo) oft] aur? Where do you think that book is? B Ajo] V4? What time do you get up? B Alo] Gye? What time did you get up? B Alo] U4ugqeu? What time will you get up? Notes 1. This question form -t4 (-214, -Xt}) is used mostly with the indirect discourse -31 3}t}, rather than by itself. 2. -(2)4 is used with description verbs in the present tense and with -©](t}) in the present tense. (-'4 is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -='} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant), 3. In all other cases, -%™+ is used. (b) Declarative forms: The declarative form is made by attaching the ending -t t} (-~EUt, -t}) directly to the verb stem. Study the following examples: Te Ett, I open my eyes. Te Areth. I close my eyes. WAS Arh. I took a nap. BAe zbalct I'll take a nap. aLa-°| BEC, He is busy. =1L¥-0] BEECH, He was busy. Ao] BEMBALCH, I think he will be busy. Siar? |, ALA) ch. He is a teacher. =L#-9] 217940] TH, He was a teacher. ae] AYYol|act. I think he is a teacher. aA0] AHA ait. It is in the office. AA] AREAL ahedtt, It was in the office. 217°] ARFAlo] Qlact. I think it is in the office. Z o oa ® Dn 1. -u ()t} is used with action verbs in the present tense: (-t tt is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -+=t} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant), 2. In all other cases, -t} is used. — Propositive form :‘ The propositive form is made by attaching the ending -%} directly to the verb stem. Study the following examples: z4]2 24 5}4H, Let’s study now. (ec
354 (d) (e a Unit 36 oj} 4}, Let’s get up. Alt HUA}, Let’s leave now. be er) a Let’s help him. AAS 3°44 2] 4}, Let’s forget it. Imperative forms: One imperative form is made by attaching the ending -°}(-¢, -o4) =} directly to the verb stem. Study the following examples: Ale Yet, Get up now. o] AS Yojzt, Read this book. gress Sts} zt. Study Korean. Notes: -o+e2} is used after -o}- and -2- ; -o,2} is used after any other vowel ; -oj2} is used after a 8}(th) verb. Another imperative form is made by attaching the ending - (©) 2} directly to the verb stem. (This form is used mostly with the indirect discourse -31 d}t},) Study the following examples: St nlol] 7}et, Go to school. As 2] 3} z}, Work now. = At Se}, Close your eyes. oe LAS Woz Eat this food. Notes: -2} is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -© =} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. Other imperative expressions : We have already studied the sentence-final ending -°}(-°%], -4) 4th, (See Unit 17, Structure Notes IJ), It is used when a speaker requests something for himself, or when he does something for an inferior or an equal. For example, &2+ =4]|.2 ‘Help me, please.’ The plain imperative form is made by replacing the word =4_& with Se}, Study the following examples: = Bo) tart. Open the door (for me), wee So} Set. Close the door (for me), #2 A Set, Turn on the light (for me). 22 7 St. Turn off the light (for me),
Unit 36 355 DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY = the light FA cy} to turn on Tt} to turn off A. Substitution Drill (Review) 18) oOo —& bo W LF BabA] Alo) go] 2, UF #9144 Bale] glo} a. UF AAA Ale) gel2, YF Ale} a4 BAlo] gloy.a, UF Baby Bale] glo} 2. Os evs i -aLas Dae t lges cg UF EMA Bale] ged a. UF Bee] Bale Gola B. Substitution Drill (Review) ils Le oo SSS Kopnp ESS eG } FAA Wah. eo} S44 AARP. . As AA WA, aA PAA PRA, aA dA Bap, | 2d SA Ach, ES Bo} FAA Wah. AS wa SAA APY, C. Level Drill on Fe WWLe Teacher: °]7°] ~oale}u Student: °]71°] Fole]4? Ae re ah t Pes AA cca fa ka . AA] Veet? . Ae RAM? ee ee ed ©] 7] c} to win Z| ct} to lose, to be defeated a certainly, by all means I’m so busy that I can’t think straight. It’s so cold that I can’t think straight. It’s so hot that I can’t think straight. It’s so noisy that I can’t think straight. It’s so complicated that I can’t think straight. They are making so much noise that I can’t think straight. It’s so humid that I can’t think straight. It’s so difficult that I can’t think straight. Thank you for coming. Thank you for helping me. Thank you for calling. Thank you for teaching me so well. Thank you for explaining it so well. Thank you for inviting me. Thank you for paying it back. Thank you for repairing this. What is this ? What is this ? Zieh) an ni O47) 7} Ute? Al ZL] oft ? Alar # AI4? ey es
356 Unit 36 Level Drill Teacher: 271°] 447}? Student: 27°] om4? 1, bel Ae! 2. HHeu7? Sree ere 7H? 4. 122] 4°] Sep 7}? BH 6 7 8 11°] Aas? . He) AZ} 7}? . Als 7) 74? _ HF Su7? Level Drill CON DD OFFS CLOH aso] ZEEE? Sato] 7b] BLU? Teacher : Student : | RS wpe? , Lop BLE? Sale Yeu? _ APAgo) wayeuy? ey yey? _ psp? , AAs ASU? pay sp eu? Level Drill SI ceOr [ULSD UF S ajo] BEB ao]? 250] wo? 2350] FE BU]? Is that beautiful ? Is that beautiful ? eer! 91a? oe lee oe 14-2] Bo] of}? Are] Ao? Bo] Ay? Did you go to school ? Didn’t you go to school ? ie BA] Soke? QojHelz] wster1}? SAS sex] ohoeu 47 Ayo] Wah] Bgheu:? ere] UZ) Soke? pests] Ruy? AAA} SEA] CFA = U4 ? Has} eau? I open my eyes. I open my eyes. a gine Soe Be (I Ar a es | a cre ref ofa@MS
8. AAS auch, G. Pattern Drill Teacher: ¢}itoj] Zc}, Student: ale] 7}4] ey walcy, i" ilo Jftyni milo lo a mL PAP ch oe wd CN ATR whe 42 1%me ltS02 H. Pattern Drill Teacher: 442 Zz}Alc, Student: “4S -z}] esac, | be spac, _ AAP. . WS tact. AO 7} TH, aba, . 42)= Wac. | asbspaleh, . BSS] sac. I. Level Drill Teacher: 2] 2 Student: 2] 2 . A4h Ic. Bald. | 2g ICL, _ ARE Nh, _aleapalch, ZUNSS HAI. Arlo SHANE. Bo] ZA} ch, OT FFWHDOND OO <2eCl eo boa Unit 36 37 Ala abc}. I go to school. I don’t go to school. I will take a nap. I won’t take a nap. okesbz) each, A\A7}A] BAT. oH7|S 82) ealeh. Aol7}A) each, aa] Sach, aa]S wl) ach. Astst7] Sach. #ZS)] 32] Altt. Let’s study now. Let’s study now. soy7bAh. “oat TAT, LET, Ang}, Al 8}h, ZINES FEA, 77) ol S27, 2 0) 7] 2},
358 J. Pattern Drill Teacher: @°}+4}, Student: @o]-44] 24}, . Aes. . ADS att. ee ASS FA. ES B41. pe 1 OFS Zh. ia el es ODaNAN SF WODFeDO Age Ort. K. Level Drill Teacher: @}ato]] 7} 2, Student: @}a1e]] 7}e}, 2 Seer, i od ee I = AS 2A] 2, eu) 2. HA] Fai 2. CO Ooc NwCe ne. ee Ai] 2. WA pasa, 3. RSo] AQ, 4. ABM FZ, 5. Uske] Bol 42 6. JAS 2A FAs 7. U7} AS, 8. AAS Ada Fa Unit 36 Let’s get up. Let’s not get up. apeys}a] az}, Alat-= atl a7|= | A}SS FAI Ze B|2| aah, ah, abt, aah, ae] +4] 2. | set, 2 & Zopa}7| at, Ebo] S vy] zh, Ade a7] wt, Go to school, please. Go to school. dof} e}, Le Az}, mz}, 32-2}, eet. |S 4) set, 75-4] set, aast2| Btet, 4 dr ilo loo Please open the door (for me), Open the door (for me), e do} ge, ea cone tls ath OoH ate NYyy, a By [x an mutt ms Ly tho ast ttlo aE
Unit 36 359 SHORT STORIES 1. OLA) Shab 7p) Racy, 2 2 Fol) 7haeh, 2S =H] a] et, +4] s}t} to prepare Expansion Drill ola] Bb] 7}2] B aed, 2 2Fo] yeu, 2 Sy ay et, 2. wb Stab Saleh, Aye] ea, Le] at ©] BS Als sf4}, Expansion Drill wl} SLIRAL SOU}, AYRE] Yur o] LS ajsapap, Bie ON eb Sie Bl Che Be 7A Set. “Le) ==-$-U 7} cers to} ae}, Expansion Drill Fy a et Bol, BS A de} aaa Fhu7}, ¥ to} det, ttlo READING he sels Ae oe AAS Plelt Seek, ele ARS wel} wr}, Oe Bye} Tela) ee] ye ay — og. Auth A= Eequcd, yee pea Y¥eucq, 2aq od ARES whe 4b se AZ} euch ale tS Buc ae 2 2 4g gol] Aeur, ae $e Jud. saya wis ged, £22 eeeeh, lees Ge ee % se Yo) MH. Gas Aaa Hz] the head 2) c} to chew H2]7} $c} to have brains, su a nose to be intelligent 42 2)t1 to breathe 2] 7} -444c} to be dull-brained, wall a smell to be slow (in study) uj AE acl to smell = an eye = a hand 7 an ear uA] c} to finger, to touch
360 Unit 36 3] a tooth cz] a leg 9] a mouth Aojd uc} to walk around a} 2 S}ct} to speak well oy} taste aN talent, gifts ul-s- ‘Hr to taste ro a tongue BRIEFING A man thinks with his head. Some men have brains. However, some men are slow in study. We see with our eyes. But the man who has bad eyes wear glasses. We listen with our ears. We speak and eat with our mouths. Some men have gifted, glib tongues. We taste with our tongues. We chew and eat food with our teeth. We breathe with our noses. And we smell with our noses. We touch with our hands. And we work with our hands. There is nothing we can’t do with our hands. We walk with our legs.
Unit 37 361 UNIT 37 O12! How Many Days? BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE i= Bal how many days ae! 1. Al Bel] Sato] 29 AJ 28 7 How many days were you out before you came to school ? Ta. just qo) a one week Ghai five days ZA AA Sc} to be absent N Slgemclaa 2. 4 YU HY sto] Sato] 3°]28, Icame to school exactly after one week. 174U7, Gay axgyadojs. Therefore, I was absent for five days. ©] Ay] now + a 3. o]al Awol 2 Are you all right now? F7\2] almost utr} to get well, to recover o} 4] still + 3}c} to not feel well 3 3] 4, Ae] o ust. meu} o}4] [am almost completely recovered (from Ee BwHae. the illness), But I still don’t feel well. By *3 Al 5. 24, Ya ZJo] 7A $|4]~]_$., Then, please go home early and rest. =] 3}r} to leave school early ee = 6. a4, 2S Zzafopaoa, Yes, I must leave (school) early today.
362 Unit 3/4 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 7. eal) fail,’ ‘without giving in,’ (4) ‘exactly,’ ‘toa ‘by all means,’ ] Ho] H ete] BohA, (2) ‘without discrepancy,’ depending on the context or situation, means (1) ‘certainly,’ ‘without (3) ‘firmly,’ ‘hard,’ T.’ Study the following examples: Do it without fail. I’ll go for sure. ‘quite,’ They are quite alike. He behaves just like a child. Please grasp it firmly. Please fasten it tight. These clothes fit me perfectly. 74 A13}c} means ‘to absent oneself (from school),’ whereas 4=23}t} means ‘to absent oneself (from office, work).’ Study the following examples: ALS F Pej} APB, ane 2S ata Bae . ©]al_ is a contraction or °]A]=. ©] Ai] He was absent from school for two months. He was absent from duties today. Or: He didn’t come to the office today. ‘ now, from now on’ is used mostly with the contrast particle -=, or the emphatic particle -°f, Study the following examples: ola eA] st] cals, o]azllok ate] gfe], ojalok 7BZFo] UR, I won't do so in the future. At long last he has come. Now I remember. . tt} is an irregular verb. The final consonant -A of the stem is dropped when followed by a vowel, (See this Unit, Structure Notes III.) ttt}, depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ’ to, ‘to be excellent,’ (2) ‘to recover ease),’ Study the following examples: o]Z1°] 2AM BX r4oh2, Al7jo] Ec} WeuU ct, we] Ho] to} 414 rH, cal 49te] 2. ‘to be better (than),’ (from illness), ’ ‘to be superior ‘to be cured (of a disThis is much better than that. Health is above wealth. His illness is getting better. I have quite gotten over it. o+4] means ‘still,’ ‘(not) yet.’ The particle -"%, when used with an adverb, indicates admiration, or places emphasis on the adverb itself, (See Unit 13, Structure Notes III.)
Unit 37 363 = 4 3}t} means (1) ‘to be uncomfortable, ‘to be feeling rather sick,’ (2) ‘to be inconvenient.’ The opposite word of =Hstt+ 24 is Hz] sc} ‘to be convenient.’ Study the following examples: Alt 7°) Bae. I’m feeling rather ill now. al}o] EAs] 2. The transportation is inconvenient. wo] Azalea, Transportaion is convenient. . =| 3}t} means ‘to leave work or school earlier than the agreed or fixed time.’ Its opposite word is %]7+3}t} ‘to come to school or work after the agreed or fixed time.’ STRUCTURE NOTES Time Word +-tOll---: ‘after (of time)’ The pattern -¥tel], preceded by time words, indicates passage of time, It corresponds to the English ‘after (the passage of a stretch of time),’ Examples : i AY Sbe| oie SEU O S I met him after a long while. Al 1 tol] etsfol]] So}sto] 2. I came back to Korea after seven years. gt a koi] Saro] oj 2, I came to school after one month. as ute] Aol Paes I came home after ten days. ZA AlZE Bol] AMS, I woke up after twenty hours. A] abo] Seat SAIS Boj] Be. I am eating Korean food after ten years. Notes 1. The pattern -¥!, which denotes passage of time, is followed usually by ‘ the particle -o]] ‘at,’ ‘on,’ ‘in,’ indicating the time at which something takes place. But -¥} can also be followed by the verb of identification -°] tt, Study the following examples: 22k ute}, It’s been a long time since I saw you last. Ststo] & 2j7} 2 WW Bke}udct, I came to Korean 5 years ago. 2. This pattern -¥tel] usually takes the past tense. 3. When the pate rel is followed by verbs such as #t} ‘to find,” Sts} Ee “to reach; sor sc} ‘to become,’ it indicates ‘taking time to do something.’ Study the following examples : o] AS | SF atej] abgro] a, It took me two months to find this book.
364 Unit 37 3s = uso] Stato] = zo]? , It took him ten days to reach Korea. 2 | uo] Fo] EQS. It took me five years to become head of the section. II. O/H, OAS, BA: (a) (b) ’ o|#l + an affirmative::- : ‘now When °]4_ is used within an affirmative context, it means ‘now.’ Study the following examples: oll ofA] Zo 2 ? Do you understand it now ? a], o}al ataof 2. Yes, I understand it now. oe, of IE BEA, No, I still don’t understand it. o|4 + a negative-:-: ‘(not) any more’ When ©] is used within a negative context, it means ‘(not) any more.’ Study the following examples: o] Al s]zs}2] oto} 2? Aren’t you tired any more ? a], o]al aja] eto} eg, That’s right. I’m not tired any more. oye, of AE aJaaye, That’s not right. I’m still tired. Note: The negative answer (°}t}.2.) to an °]4I question occurs with °}4]E, O-}2IS + an affirmative::: : ‘still,’ ‘yet’ When °}4]© is used within an affirmative context, it means ‘still,’ ‘yet.’ Study the following examples: ofA] Aha] S? Are you still eating ? e], o}4] = Hk. Yes, I’m still eating. o}uj 2, ojal 4A] etoh se, No, I’m not eating any more. O}21S + a negative:::: ‘not yet’ When °}4]& is used within a negative context, it means ‘not yet.’ Study the following examples : 140] of}4] = S+tS}Z] QF}? Isn’t he studying yet ? a], ofA) HSH] ofohS. That’s right. He isn’t studying yet. oy] 2, o]al 2Hae. That’s not right. He is studying now. Notes: The negative answer (°}t]2) to an °}4]% question occurs with °] 4, if the tense is in the present form. But if the tense is in the past form, the negative answer (o+t} 2) to an °}%] = question occurs with 4 ’ ‘already.’ Study the following examples :
Unit 37 365 o}Z]= SPs] ototo] es 7 Haven’t you studied yet ? o], o}4J= BHs2] ot9ho] 9. That’s right. I haven’t studied yet. oY 2, BA SHaoeg, That’s not right. I have studied already. (c) SM + an affirmative--: : ‘already,’ ‘now already’ The word #4|_ is used always with an affirmative. It is never used with a negative. Study the following examples: 144-0] Hx) SHaol es 7 Has he studied already ? a], HA sao 2. Yes, he has studied already. of 2, Of}4] = YFS}Z] 9t0] 2. No, he hasn’t studied yet. Note: The negative answer (°}']2) to a 4 question occurs with °}4] =, Ill. -A Irregular Verbs: Some verbs ending in a final consonant -4 are irregular : ut (ch) to recover, Al (th) to stir, Z(G) to draw to get well to row 91(c}) to unite, +(t}) to pour Al (tt) to build to connect 1. The final consonant -A_ of the stem is dropped when followed by a vowel. Study the following examples: ES AFH] Hojok Fue, You must pour water into a vessel. ES US] FMR. I poured water into a vessel. ES 1S] Ho] Baa, Try pouring water into a vessel. ES 130] FOE AWeore, You may pour water into a vessel. 2. But the final consonant -A of the stem is not dropped when followed by a consonant. Study the following examples: BS 1S] BAR, I’ll pour water into a vessel. BS 230] #2) 2} 2. Don’t pour water into a vessel. BS 3230] 2a Bag, Of course, I’ll pour water into a vessel. Note: However, there are -A regular verbs which never change their stem. These regular verbs are: wW(c) to take off 4] (cH) to comb (tt) to laugh = (cH) to gush out x (tt) to wash m8] Ot (c+) to snatch (a thing) from.
366 Unit 37 DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY Zu to pour Alc} to stir, to row Alc} to build Alc} to wash oc} to unite, to connect 4) c} to comb su to draw wi] QFE} to snatch (a thing) from A. Substitution Drill . Le Zb Beko] SS ahyro] s., . o] #9 abe] 2S byte] 2, , Cpe are] Se F5rolS. , Sal are Se aro. YT Osis he a fe a gh say las goa eee fu DM OoFeWHLO oN id ca = do qeActtlo lo jlo B. Substitution Drill 1. & A Bel] By} Sols. Pete kx alsa d Ra] Saad ea y's [ee 3. 4 SAPP Se, 4, 412 A Bel] Aatav} Fe 8, 6. & dA ute} Algo] Sool a, Teo MAb Hy Reel Al7e7 be] SOB 8. Al ed are Sr Se C. Response Drill 1. Al ate] state] 2 Ajo] 2 ? 2. 8% St wel] 2HS why 2? 3, % Al4b ure] 42410] 87 I met him after a long while. I met him after two weeks. I met him after four days. I met him after six days. I met him after three months. I met him after four months. I met him after five years. I met him after ten years. It took me five years to achieve a doctorate. It took me twenty years to become a professor. It took me ten years to become a medical doctor. It took me fifteen years to become a missionary. It took me two months to become a driver. It took me six years to become a teacher. It took me fourteen years to become a Catholic priest. It took me sixteen years to become a pastor (minister) ,
Unit 37 D. Response Drill 4. |B & FA bo] Ajujo] 7HlVR72 At Fel abo sJupoy zo} g. 5. BH Wd Ake] Sopeajo] 27? Sd utel] Solsto] 2, 6. Hal ute] alse] EAs} Yo]22 9] S Aol] a]sto] | Ap Ao] 2. 1. Sis thehaas 4-22 Ye sel] 27S elo] 2: 8. Bd aol] HAs} 8 ? 2 1d Ble] eae] 2: Teacher: °]4 o}4]Alo 282 Do you understand it now ? Student : as 2, of4J= BEA No, I still don’t understand it. fe) 367 1. lal 7H] Boy2? ope, OE 7}2] Baloy.a, 2. oJAal HAI BOYS? oe, of apr] Baloy.a, 3. oll BEA} alo] 2.2 He, HE Bz] Bale] 2, 4. Jal rps} 2? 2, HE easy) Qale].2, 5. lal AMsHA|AMYL? 2, HE Ags) Qale2, 6. lal Bs}Ajaoya? He, HIE BSS) Valo, 7. Jal AGS] Bola? He, FYE Ag Qale}.2, 8. lal A} 8H] Aoy.2.? oH2, Hye Aleks] Balog, E. Response Drill Teacher: °]4l 3J35}4] or 2 ? Aren’t you tired any more? Student: co} 2, oeFJE eae, That’s not right. I’m still tired. 1. ola WA] Sory2? ope, f= WAR, 2. ojal AlZ] Bly 2? off 2, of4]& Alol 2, 3. ojal Bz] Fora? of 2, of4=E Bola, 4. ojal AW) 2A 2? o42, = AAAS, 5. ojal mz] oy 27) 2? op 42, o}4)= HQ, 6. o]al 42] FeAl 2? ope, f= WR, 7. o|Al YA] Fora? oe, JE OAR, 8. o]al Hz] S22? oe cere Sa rr Se F. Response Drill Teacher: °}4J= 44] 2? Are you still eating ? Student: °}42, °]41 4] eet No, I’m not eating any more. eres 1. w= aA 7 o}Uj 2, ojal zpz] etoHR, 2. AE As? of 2, o]al x22] ooh 9.
368 oo =)Soy Ol ee CO oS Ass}L? ofa] AeA a? HAE PASS? oS BRS} yL? o}]S apy 2? AE ESP SL? Response Drill Teacher: °o}4]= Ss}z] ore? Aren’t you studying yet? Student: o}J2, o]al Saye, That’s not right. I am studying now. mf oOEeDSn © He BES] BOS? oS SRA]7] BOD? ofa] aeAl7] BO 27 ofS 27] FOAL? oS UA] FOAL? HAE lap] Foye? HE Sala] Goaa? HE Asp] Yoaa? . Response Drill Teacher: o}4]= 3-s}Z] 9°44 2? Haven’t you studied yet ? Student: co} 2, Ys Sao eg. That’s not right. I have studied already. OAaN FSF WO DHKO ofA] PELS}A] oo} a? o}4]S AAA] 2-0}? oe Zna}A] oMo} a? ofa] ae] UZ] Goso}a.? ofS IME] F2.4o}2.7 o}4]= Al7] FoMo}.2 2 oS FespA] HOMO}? oS HSA] obo so} 2.2 Response Drill . Teacher: 4x 2#3}4°4 2 ? Student: »%}j2, Unit 37 oH 2, lal Ass}*) Bohs, ope, o]al aa] Bohs, chs, o]al Asp] doh, HL, olal SH8}%) ehohs. oe, lal ala] Bors, oe, o]al WES] Bohs, oe, lal Beal a, ope, o] al abB, oe, o}al Fo} a, oe, o]al Lo}8, ope, o]al UE, ope, lal Vaya, oe, lal Saag, oe, lal Bag, ope, Ba Feryo] 2. ope, 4) Ao 2, ope, Ma aor sy es off o, Wa ete] Wo]. oft} 2. A) TE odlo, Opel Sy Hal Soya, oH S, WA Pewee, oe, Wy Bo] 2, Have you studied already ? oA] 348} No, I haven’t studied yet. Di Sed
Unit 37 369 1. HA Alts}yo] 2 ? OU 2, AE AEsA] ot9ro] 2, 2. 4} Wor} 4°] 2? OU 2, of4]= Wo4rfy] esto] 2, 3. BA ES geoAjeol2? oe, o4= ES 22] Wghe] 2. 4. HH aA|Alo] 2? ope, o}E TWA]A] 9h0] 2, 5. xR Al7IA4 2? of 2, ofA} Alz]A] od9ke} 2, 6. WA CEs} 4°] 2 7? Op 2, OFA] ESA] Oslo] 2 7. BA 4|AV7HI 2? Of] 2, ofA A/ 47/7] sro] 2, 8. a) Yogel27 HS, HIE Bx) esho].2, Pattern Drill Teacher: t} 149°] 2, I have completely recovered. Student: ct} Wr] eho] 3, I haven’t completely recovered. Linge ee oie eats =e RA] 9h42, 2. AS ADR, ALS 4lz] S92, 3. AAS o] gk, AAS wl wero] s., 4, 29°] 2, A} SLA] oF 9}0] @ 5. 4 aoa, At ALA] 29k] Bw 6. 2S AMIS, ES Wl gto] 2 7. Hes wleyoa, HBS Hl] eotol2, 8. 1A moter 2, AAS mot) esto 2, SHORT STORIES dee Sh ah ol Share] Sto] 2. aay] esto] EAs Y7} A A1gods, Sk AlZE Al ZSBHO g, A] Z+3}t} to come to school or work after the agreed or fixed time Expansion Drill oS @ st wo] Biv] Bea, fat] EAs}, a a}ee4 | a ALE ABR. o] ofs}A] OS Als, |= eho Bao] 2447} 0) PaheI.B, aio] BA um ata, 744s}c} to absent oneself (from ay office, work) = dit ko eo] Expansion Drill Bo] ofspa} oO] AtHMeu}, o]S vel] Ao] Ly 7} o} gaye) g, do] By uw Atale} 2.
370 Unit 37 3. G43] SHBSG w= PEM s, o] Zo] za A] olaleb7] HAM. o]8}3}t} ~=to understand THA] Ga Arey Ae. Expansion Drill ays] FRYE], HIS GF wares, o]zo] Babe] ola a7] je gu7, cp] a aga Has, READING =o) ose] A aA aed. S 2 Fa wel Save] See. alo LU} Ss zeae. 72] ce usheeep. elit of Be Eng. ate 22d. Bod Ade wWid= Azz] Steuer}, aay] 2S2 zee a7] SAU, ela oF Wo aS ase At Z| hep, FUBHE Bes) tepwles Ut, Se tee sh4| Sotoksa4et. ©] A] = c} to be dizzy ASH digestion Sd Aol a few years ago A23}7} 4 =S}c} sto digest well Ay7] a cold 4) Boh above all Ae] c+ to catch, to suffer from == — of course AK frequently BRIEFING I became sick, so I was absent for five days. I came to school exactly after one week. When I came to school I felt a little bit dizzy. ’m almost completely recovered (from the illness), But I still don’t feel well. I have to be careful about my health. A few years ago I didn’t even catch a cold. However, these days I catch colds frequently. And sometimes I don’t digest food well. Above all, I should not work too much, of course. I should not drink too much, also.
Unit 38 371 UNIT 38 = Doors BASIC SENTENCES: MEMORIZE or} to open Te ae eu] oH ZS Geo] =9he]28 7? It’s cold, so why did you leave the door open ? 2] ct} to be opened tr} to close aiT) al 0 . 7°) Be sgo27 Was the door open? I thought I closed W7} ES Po} ‘eshen].a, —_ the door. ah the light A to turn on o}Ats}r} to be strange 4 A a _ Ho] BE A glglolg., And the light was on in your room. 4} 0] A}3} 2] 2.7 It’s really strange, isn’t it ? o} Oh! o}7} some time ago Tt} to turn off 3 4 = o} 2A! Up7} o}7} BS 12%] 9F Oh! I remember. I came out some time aL Uf gto] 2 ago without turning off the light. te tightly t}L cr} to go about | 3] 3c} to be dangerous a Ho. Ba tu 4] &.. Please close the door tightly when you 3] a} 9 go about your business. It’s dangerous. 1s 4., #2] 5} c} to be careful x a a, Fela. Yes, I'll be careful.
B72 Unit 38 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. =t} depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ‘to put,’ ‘to place,’ (2) ‘to leave (behind),’ (3) ‘to leave,’ ‘to let,’ (4) ‘to set one’s mind at ease.’ Study the following examples: JAS AA Ao] SUS. Put this on the desk. YS Oftjol] Sat S74? Where did I leave my book ? ade =o} 2. Leave it as it is. Fo} Ay 2, Let me go. ohe-s $24] 2. Please set your mind at ease. (There is no need to worry.) 2. Sz]c} ‘to be opened,’ ‘to be open,’ ‘to be unlocked’ is used always with the subject particle -7}/-°], whereas @t} ‘to open’ is.used always with the object particle -S/--, Study the following examples, and note particularly the preceding particles. Ho] a2] Qk, The door is open. we Bek. I opend the door. 3. At} means ‘to turn (switch) on,’ ‘to light (a lamp, candle),’ ‘to strike (a match),’ etc. Its opposite word is 21t} ‘to switch off (an electric light),’ ‘to turn off (the gas),’ ‘to turn out (a light, a radio),’ Study the following words which relate to turning on and turning off, =t} to turn on (a radio or water) Att} (1) to turn off (the water, a faucet) (2) to lock (a door, drawer, house, room) 4. ©} is an exclamatory expression which indicates surprise, grief, disappointment, etc. It corresponds to the English ‘Ah!,’ ‘Oh!,’ ‘Alas,’ ‘Dear me.’ 5. tt} means (1) ‘to come and go,’ ‘to go about,’ ‘to walk around,’ ‘to commute,’ (2) ‘to attend (school, working place, office),’ (3) ‘to frequent.’ Study the following examples: S]Afo] 7] A} OYuc, I commute to the company by train. o7]= cut Apeto] Boks, Many people are coming and going here. 14-2 so] che, He attends college. AHS Sapo] chu. He works for a company. aL xo] 4 cya, I used to frequent that place.
Unit 38 373 STRUCTURE NOTES I. -# Irregular verbs: Some verbs ending in a final consonant -¥ are irregular. 74 (tt) to be light (ch) to be dirty ALA] 3 (ct) to be ticklish & (tH) to help ar (tH) to be pretty 7-7] (ch) to be heavy = (cH) to roast o+$-4 (t+) to be beautiful Aq (cH) to sew ©] 47 (tH) to be dark F (TH) to lie down + (cH) to pick up (4) to be hot 374 (4) to be delightful 1. The final consonant -8 of the stem, when followed by a vowel, changes into -?-, Study the following examples: SHE Even though it’s cold:-: Seay wae If it’s cold: Fe Al AHR, It seems that it will be cold. eHok YUH, It must be cold. 2941] c}, It was cold. 2. But the final consonant -8 of the stem does not change when followed by a consonant. Study the following examples: FA] ube It’s cold but-:- #7| dared: Because it’s cold::: aeudct, It’s cold. east. It will be cold. mw Bae. Of course, it’s cold. Note However, there are also -¥ regular verbs which never change their stems. (th) to be numb (with cold) J (t})_ to put on (clothes) # (ct) to pull out A}(t}) to grasp X} (th) to chew Al(t}) to fold @}(tt) to carry (a person) A} (t+) to pick up on one’s back II. The Sentence-Final Ending -0}(-0|, -0j) =c}: The pattern -°}(-°], -) “t+ is used always with action verbs, and indi-
374 Unit 38 Hil. cates an action done in preparation or anticipation of later use or benefit. The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘to do something and put it aside,’ ‘to do something in preparation,’ ‘to do something in advance, ’ ‘ Examples : HS AA SUR, Buy tickets in advance. HS Yo] 9h 8. I opened the door (for future benefit). Wz)S AW Ssrej a, I wrote a letter and put it aside. Or: I wrote a letter in advance. o] HS Aaa Soto e. I cleaned this room in advance. o] AS YU FOya, Read this book in advance. AAs Aol] =9fo 8. I washed that in advance. Or: I washed that and put it aside. #2 A SAR. I’ll turn the light on in advance. Notes: 1. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final verb -=t}, not in the main verb with -°}(-°], -o4), Study the following examples: oe eo Turn the light on in advance. B22 7 =otole. I turned the light on in advance. 2S 7A SAog, I’ll turn the light on in advance. BS A $2] 9h] 2. I didn’t turn the light on in advance. BS A $7) FAW, I won’t turn the light on in advance. 2. The pattern -°}(-o1, -o|) t} is interchangeable with -o}(-o], -4) = t}, making no difference in meaning. 3. -o} tc} is used after -°}- and -2- ; -o}] t} is used after any other vowel ; -o| -§t} is used after a 3}t} verb. The Sentence-Final Ending -O}(-0j, -0j) Qc}: The pattern -o}(-+], -) Jt} is used regularly with intransitive verbs, such as 7}t+ ‘to go, 2t} ‘tocome,’ A{t} ‘to stand (up),’ gt} ‘to sit (down),’ =|t} ‘to become,’ etc. These always take the subject particle -7}/ -°], This pattern indicates a present result of an action that has taken place in the past. Examples : 140] Uo] 7} 9°48. He lives in Japan, (lit. He went to Japan and is there.)
Al Yo] 47) oH Alaa. Alo] Sev} alAlal2. 40] of4]}= Fo}s} lz] gore, a] A Qe} s., %0}] go} glo} 2. Bo] A gods, Bo] IAA glora, He] WA BAYH sJo} glo} a, AlAlo] Hulse] Qk. 7°] 24] 912. el we 3°] 2. Notes: Unit 38 375 Mr. Kim is here, (has arrived), Please go back home and stay there. He isn’t back yet. He is standing. He is seated. The light is on. The light is off. He is (has) already become a doctor. Lunch is ready now. The door is open. The door is closed. 1. The tense and/or negation is expressed always in the final verb 9Jt}, not in the main verb with -°}(-°], -o4). Study the following examples: EO lel2e 2° Siciseel®. SU aes. eo) 731A] SSOTSs The light is on. The light is not on. The light was on. The light was not on. 2. -o 3)t} is used after -o}- and -2- ; -o] 9)t} is used after any other vowel ; -o| 9]t} is used after a 3}t} verb. ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY -7gct to be heavy 7}ey ch to be light +t} to lie down ZkA] 4c to be ticklish Substitution Drill 1. #¢ 2. He 2) Ya 4a, 3. SlAbsp,] odat 49h°] 2, DRILLS sr} to be pretty o}S Ht} to be beautiful su} to pick up Alc} to sew I came out without turning off the light. I came out without closing the door. I came out (left) without saying good-bye. I came out without drawing a picutre. I came out without preparing it.
376 : WAS WEA] B oF57 u3t°] 2, . 2A 12) 2 “ores Substitution Drill big fe) . 2 Vy we Fea yyy, aL TA) 2, . BAS 4D U2, . ALS Alar HHA 2. . AALS Aha rf 2, AS Za EAS, lof UBS Aa rf 2. ~ a SEO Pe eA Pattern Drill OF FeWHLYOND Teacher: #GUtt, Student: 44% $udct, aed. W7\S ec. . Ee eiey, eeu. eae, . Yaeet, eae, _ hag ct, Pattern Drill CW LO — Ly effa Teacher: 2S A} 2, Student : . 8] Ss} 2. = 442 2. mo cores | _O. 7, } Sy 3] © 2] 9 Ob a1 UBL, ota 4-340] 2, ES A} $22. Unit 38 I came out without smelling it. I came out without touching it. I came out without tasting it. Please close the door tightly and go about your business. Please put on your clothes and go about your business. Please put on your hat and go about your business. Please put on your shoes and go about your business. Please put on your watch and go about your business. Please put on your gloves and go about your business. Please put on your glasses and go about your business. Please put on your tie and go about your business. It is cold. It was cold. Odeudct. US PREC. qeayaeuc. EMSUC, 4738. 4-deu ch. TAU, 7h} DUH, Please buy tickets. Please buy tickets in advance. eH) a Sl 2 Bo Fla, oh FLAS, & Ao] Hoag, EO =] Ox =] La 2) fa x
CO fO1 SS Nee fe chdL ilo mo A Ay 2. 4 2., Ars} 2. S 4 2. Pattern Drill Teacher: TAS We sho 2. I washed that in advance, (for future benefit), Student: 27S Ao] SAlojle2. I'll wash that in advance, (for future benefit) . DT F&F W YOFHND az] ¥eVg., AJA Sho] 2, uso} E918. ¥stel 2. dt HW ooY& wy» ss)> fo olSH ilo alo HeE12, . Fal EGOS, , Aga SNL, , Alo] ¥she1.2., Pattern Drill OH F&F WOTH aN D Teacher: 2°] A¥W8., Student: 2°] AA 348. . BAe) Sul Sel 2. oly ae wo] Sa, BAL} BMS, =14-0] 9k°] 2, siee| A1e]ts. Way Sof Mo] 2, Sy EAT, Pattern Drill IRS ee Teacher: 4] 4 of] o}7}A] 2. Student: Jo] . 47Jo] 272, . BAL S72. . Hye] U7} 2. . So] Sev 2. = Sop} Alay. 12] EA12, AJA BAA, uke] $7lo}2, SAL, SAAS, SA, AAA “E212. Alo] Balog, jit odoUW 40, O&M jh» mf a>Seoatt ilo HH DH mo The light has gone out. The light is off. AA] Eu) sfo} gleys. #o] azj glo}, zo] Pal glo} a. BA} S]o} gol, %#0] go} Bo}.2, #0] AL glo} a. a Soh} glo} a. u] Fo] 7} 12, Please go (back) home. SEE Please go (back) home and stay there. o7}e]] 9} ALAS. BAL So] 7} AL, ube] U7} Ala). o]So] Sep} AAA,
378 DD ONoN Unit 38 ee 7|) ES al . AA AVAL, . We} 2. . S24] 2., . Pattern Drill Comey epeesoy Teacher: 2°] sof 9} goa. Student: =1+te | eo} 917] eo} _ Be] AAA ley sg. Ho] A Mes, . Ae] 7} go4k, _ BAPE s}o} 3} 8. Tee] AA 90] 8. Pattern Drill OO) Ss) Onl coun me = went . ap 4 agler a. oh ala eT Teacher > 2-0) 4} 9l9ie] 2. Student: 2440] 4] 9)2] othe] 9 aL . ate] UF glo} a. _ 717k eb 9181.2. _ B7I| Bey aglei a. dehy Weis, . Me} sho} a, ae) Be taal Pattern Drill no Fe Ww De Teacher: 7-798. Student: -7-7]2] 9¥9fo] 2. pe oy, eee a, . AAR, LOS, _ FEO} g, O47] Go} AIA S. ALAt AY ALAS. Wej7} Ala, Sols} AAs, He is seated. He is not seated. Ho] Ae 7) Bors, Zo] Pal ga) Bohs. EHS] 2] ers, #0] AA A) Bors. Bo] A) Bohs, zo] 7 917] obs, BAPE Jo} 912] oh, AH] AV YA) Soh. He was standing. He was not standing. WAS] 4 1A) Bete} a. W717} a4 la] esol a, ale Bel Wr] Bghe} 2. Joy ga] Beeia, Ao} Al eakel 2, +9) UA] Bee} a. sh} U4 gla] estoy s. Eel) Hal 7] eto. It was heavy. It was not heavy. 7HAA] e9ko] 2, we) stl s., Zia] al7} eho} 2, BA) B30... oheaA] Bako} 2,
Unit 38 379 6. FRY, #7) esto} a, PASE. AJA] 3k] LZ, 8. 2AHek, S77] w3rejs., SHORT STORIES 1. US WES at Sates, arch to lock Lela Be A 3ro] Se ae] ze) Se] aigie2. Expansion Drill +e FES a} Sa, SE 7 Soha, Fe] Ae glee 2. aed ae AP} eso ay yeh eA Z%+ Aste) eFohs., AyAls}t} to be sorry, =a r to be regrettable 2 AHO Se S|7} 310] 2. $433) a farewell party Expansion Drill AD Rt APT: SLB yr] qe], of2t Yastx] Yoh &, 2 Ayo], SY 3|7} glo] a, (eo) u4L, —l. 3, 2 2Fo} 32}7} glia, ae] AY AES] BHYB|7} GloV.2, aa] 25 BAlge] weB A Bohs, 3] 2] a meeting, a conference 3} 93 3] a welcoming party es Drill 2 QFoJe B7} Yat, AYE AP] Basar} ey, 2 AA] BPS wl Wohs. READING oldie Sxbo|asU ch, US Sat eto) SS BSCE oll] Ue @ Be ny Used aeyv BS Wh Fesud, aa ] Sos} Buy}, 20] A dase tea BE ae yae rh Ue Ao] Bet seksuch ol4bea) AzhSdud, seq WY wo] So]7} Buy} ofp} sb ASU ch lS 2] sey al Ud, aaa) edz} ztzy) AS Se} eAsdch oypUeS at weuck 27S $4) a auch ae oF Arystau ch Ue Sal aby} BSUch Bo] | BF Aly, Edel Ae o]ut JUck, seu) a7} hobs},
380 Unit 38 at a weekend -A ‘years of age’ used with 9]28}c} to go outdoors Chinese numbers. Alo} in the beginning a brothers Al = the country, Z}oy sisters a rural district Bujo}S the last (youngest) son ALA}7] suddenly oF i} age BRIEFING Yesterday was the weekend. I went outdoors for the first time after a long time. When I left my room, I turned off the light and came out. And I locked the door. However, when I returned, I found that the light was on. And the door was open. In the beginning I was suprised completely. I thought it was strange. But when I went into my room, I found that my mother was there. My mother is living in a rural district. But my mother came to Seoul suddenly. My mother is very old. She is sixty-seven years old now. But she is very healthy. I have many brothers and sisters. I have two older brothers and three older sisiters. I’m the last son.
Unit 39 381 UNIT 39 J7|Che] =A|2Q Please Wait BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE A} ZL 3 . at ES Woe] Ves. Alenia label ea al 7 hace? Hts Hu} eel a eal Zt? 4| . 4S, 22] Hsrzle Bots, Ae halla} eA belne Hu} 2a, Ado] 7 ze ea BAA Bay vba ol 7V Vth. aR a] 73] ch 3] . APP WS IA Beret, for a few minutes es I have something to talk to you about for a few minutes. Do you have time now ? very, greatly, seriously Aq Ay Is it something very urgent ? dl = No, it’s not so urgent. a dining room while drinking to talk Ad Then, please go to the dining room and wait there. Let’s talk while drinking some coffee there. constantly, always to cause (a person) trouble ad = I’m sorry to cause you so much trouble all the time. that’s okay AA Ad That’s okay. Why do you talk like that ?
2 I. 382 Unit 39 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES . Hs] is an adverb which means ‘very, ‘greatly,’ ‘seriously,’ ‘terribly,’ ‘awfully,’ ‘so,’ ‘much too,’ etc. Study the following examples: Ute] sJzay 2. I’m terribly tired. = ofah7} Ate] aS, She is awfully beautiful. a0) Aus] =o] Wofs, He has loads of money. Asts] ABs, It’s extremely exciting. Ate] AEs] fsa, He is seriously ill. . AAZ\A1 is a contraction of 717]141. oH 7] st} is a contraction of °]° 7]é}t} ‘to talk.’ ‘to speak,’ ‘to have a chat (talk) ,’ . AH means (1) ‘constantly,’ ‘incessantly,’ ‘continuously,’ ‘always,’ (2) ‘hard,’ ‘eagerly,’ ‘intently,’ etc. Study the following examples: Aye BI 7} S12. It keeps on raining. AA uy] Ass Boa 9)¢4 2. He keeps staring right at me. be] Az} AtoP St 2, He keeps visiting me. 1*-se] ZH ESO] 9. I repeatedly asked him to do me a favor. 3] = 7|2|t+ means ‘to cause ( a person) trouble.’ 4] is a noun which means ‘ an evil, ‘a vice, ‘a bad custom,’ ‘a corrupt practice.’ Study the following examples: ete] WS 71212) BAS, Don’t cause others trouble. HS Ho] WAR, I caused a lot of trouble. ete] WS 74 A Mods. There is no reason to trouble others. EE 2 Yes S42, ‘Why do you talk like that?’ is used as a formal reply to an expression of thanks, respectful recognition, and apologies. It is used normally with the expression 41¥tel] & ‘You’re welcome.’ Sometimes, it’s used when a hearer expresses an unpleasant reaction against someone’s statement. STRUCTURE NOTES The Informal Polite Question Ending -L(2)7}2? -E7I2? : This pattern - (-2)7} 2? /-=7+22? is used to ask questions, or to express doubt informally but politely. It takes any verb.
Il. Unit 39 Examples : 1 Ajo] $2742? at?) ABW }L ? Bical Pad BALI} 2 ? ee] AYM7Q ? ar ekea err Shale 7+ 7 epee Vn Ta epelelsrsrr eA se7 baa? SAS |i ee hs? Nebadse Zhe? AoW el 7} 22 An°] TTAE7S ? "RARE ba Beer 383 Is that book good ? Is he kind ? Who is that person ? Is that the classroom ? Is that person a teacher ? What are you studying ? Who studied ? Where will you study ? Was that bad? Do you have a book ? Did you have a book ? Who was that person ? Who was a medical doctor ? Notes: 1. -u (-2)7}& ? is used with description verbs in the present tense, and with -o](t}) in the present tense. ---7}&? is used after verb stems ending in a vowel; ---7}8.? is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. 2. In all other cases, -=7}2.? is used. 3. The intimate style can be made by dropping the final polite particle -2., It is used with close friends or social inferiors. It is used also in a situation where a certain amount of friendship or fraternization is presumed. The Non-Final Ending -(2)3HA{::: : The pattern -°.( 44) a single person. It is attached directly to the stems of action verbs. If the ‘while doing something’ is used to indicate two simultaneous actions done by simultaneous actions are performed by different persons, a different pattern -= +zekol] is used; but this pattern will be studied later in detail. Examples : ze Ss Seay AS HM, I read a book while listening to the radio. Or: While I listened to the radio, I also read a book. AAW SEAL 0] 07] HA] TH, ato] SHA) wees. AJA] S aReAlAA, HOA 2. Ho] 2omr olAs eta] FV 2. Let’s talk while taking a walk. He talked and cried. Please read it while eating lunch. While laughing, he gave this to me. -§ ehh
384 Unit 39 ey sy Nh, FEZAAA Bo] wh YO}, ofo] So] SA] gto], Notes: 1. In the pattern -°.()), Let’s smoke while going. I learned a lot while teaching. The children made noise as_ they played. the final (main) clause is emphasized the most, while the first (dependent) clause with -(2.)'44] is supplementary information. . The tense and/or negation is expressed in the final (main) clause, not in the first (dependent) clause with - (©) 44], Study the following examples: eS Soma BS soja, res Soy as Yoola. FILS Soy BS ez] Vt ol, HLS SOMA AS Bales, I am reading a book while listening to the radio. I read a book while listening to the radio. I didn’t read a book while listening to the radio. I will read a book while listening to the radio. . ~4] is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -©4 A] is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY ye H}tc} in particular, especially Bats}t} to serve A. Substitution Drill & te JCal) COS Co Ay AS AT Pl erat, . SS F2] E alal Beret] ct, . BS) Blaketyct. | FS ol wlebah dey, | Alby vba yep, , SAS s}2] Yop veka yeh, _ ojepd AA aA] Blebah yeh, . AlZaHAL BF] Fe} CH, to (ex) change, to barter =3}s}t} to congratulate Hz Sct} to visit I’m sorry to cause you so much trouble all the time. I’m sorry that I couldn’t help you. I’m sorry that I made noise. I’m sorry that I broke my promise. I’m sorry that I came late. I’m sorry that I didn’t do my homework. I’m sorry that I was absent from school many times. I’m sorry that I was late for school.
Unit 39 B. Substitution Drill 1. BE eh] yopa, = $7) Hora, BE oe E) Soha, BE 37) Boney He F417] ope, Be Hes] gepa, ie Pal) se CO S&S1 UBD = 6» 2S Zia) epee Pattern Drill Teacher: 2440] AYYIU74?2 Student: 24°] AY dele 7 1. Azo) Bae y}? 22 Ae) eerie 3. AA) ae]? 4. 221] aaa? Soe pea 7e 6. AR] Say? 017) °| Se 814) 7}? 8. ©]20) aJseEqu 7? Pattern Drill Teachers 7-Sle Ss}? +h Student : It’s not particularly urgent. ; It’s not particularly good. It’s not particularly beautiful. It’s not particularly pretty. It’s not particularly heavy. It’s not particularly dangerous. It’s not particularly hot. It’s not particularly salty. Is he a teacher ? Is he a teacher ? Al ZL] SARIN 7ER ? ©] 21°] Al7L°] FAPARQI7ES ? Alo] Al S}Aael7ES ? o]Z°] W7}E BNL? AZo] Salers 2 o]710] Yaw Ele? lz] alah 7}2.? What are you studying ? What are you studying ? 1. 7k 2A 7 7b PALES. a. je See U7? Tee War esl a7? 2 ee Sen? IHS tine A WAS SAL? Ways worjH7yte hs een od EN Zh? ee FA)E712? 6. HS HAlU7}? Bre BAlS7}2 7 7. BAS WIYUy7H? EUS WVILIL? 8. ae} Aly}? ae WAe7t2? Integration Drill Teacher: 412. 44]t}, ©] °F7] 4 cH. Let’s take a walk. Let’s talk. Student : abw shea 0] ob7] aA]ch.
386 Unit 39 Let’s talk while taking a walk. . BFSaq2n, Fe]2, oes Aes. 44 )ct. ~ FEST ey ee ele Spay FLA LZ, APS} LZ. ASBPHWR, SYR, ~ ALIA aS) O25 F& WWYOCONDO ee SHS Seta, Level Drill (Review) Teacher: 271°] o}834uU7}? Student: =171°] o}$t}-?1u4? oft? _ 0] SA}o] Alaguy7t? . 2Ao| Beet? 4a eu 7? gegqy7? ube 7}? . 1°] 7asu7t? . Ho) a eu7? Pattern Drill (Review) Teacher: eo] Ze}? OAON FP DT WY Student: fale] 7}%] e9t%14? _ Yop? Bae ey? Ba ABU? | OL? 2S By? a} A YU? a]E sh}? CoO =] GS oFCo NW = | esp? H. Pattern Drill (Review) Teacher: ®}atoj] 7c}, Student: @}atol] 7}2] o= betas ae LS Selolg, Bagels, WSaA] S9re2. BS FT 4h 1c. AWA, ES PML, LAA BHsp i] 2, AsteAl Argo} 2. Is that beautiful ? Is that beautiful ? o] 2] 2] 94? o] SAjo] AAP? 70] HSE? Aah? ysshy? Nb7E RUE? A740) PAS}? ho] i] WL} ? Did you go to school ? Didn’t you go to school ? QoyHe]z] woke? Sars zbA] cF9k=u4 ? At7\ ol] Belz] wrote}? SSA] woke} ? TS HAA] SRE? A S}7} A EA] CEH U4? s]]S 37] Sur? BHSsr] YEU? I go to school. I don’t go to school. AAS 44] Ber.
ae Sh, 3. 0S Her. 4. ele ver}, 5. @ Wert, 6. AS Alec, 7. % oj ay atey, 8. LE] er} I. Pattern Drill Teacher: 2 Ao] 47}? Student: 2 #o] $27}2 ? ae] RAGA? . AAe] 77? Alt 24874? =L Abo] oh U7? _ defo] 7}? | ee] ARGU 7H? oe) Ae? 7°) AYU? J. Pattern Drill (Review) Teacher: @°} +4}, Student: o]-42]. 34}, eq a)n) GalPS O (y EY yd ttlo see N zh K. Pattern Drill (Review) Teacher: @}atel] 7}eH. Student: @}ato] 7-4] tet, 1. SA}bstet. 21 ayer, 3. FES Sapshe, 4a aa) 2 Se alg ala Is that book good ? Is that book good? TL OTA eae? AAl°] 7FH E72? Ale ZEA E72 ? 2 Abe) OEE}? Let’s get up. Let’s not get up. AAa}A) a, Age) Wt. AALS wiotz] wt, & Bz] Wt, Go to school. Don’t go to school. wapapa| abet, BEA] Bret, HES Seb) Beh, 387
388 Unit 39 4, AJojA| 42 et. Aol>| Al Het, 5. Batt. Ate) Bet. 6. JS 2) 2A. Ae az] et. 7. HAS Weet, Hele sls] Bet, aes PAbe peeks 3 47) ol ax): Bet. SHORT STORIES 1. HS Belquet. 4]= Xtc} to be exposed to the rain aA Lo] AVSuc. Alc} to get(be) wet He FS BAS. Se ie ote ae ary $0) @ adated., Tt « hee Expansion Drill Bn] Bop} Lo] Ael7] Wo], Ue SS Basch, Lo] a wae. 2. aS HER SE F9e].2. ot Saal Sste1 2, eae] YF YSo]4 So] ofs}g, | a throat Expansion Drill Ae PEMA SS Sool a, oF SgQ7] See, UF q So}x] Bo} ofa}, 3. OAs a Sea 1 Ek aA ARS EU C, AE uPAR] of] wo] ue. Expansion Drill oa Fue] a7] abo], APS MAAS aE opyary oy 7|= Wel Bastiat. READING 2AZ ve) AS Hy AP ela gels, ul APE Hat AS7}q].a, azar o} % Hp 2, aA Bas] Z Aaja, Aa gels. AA) o}2t yw 7] ee] @, US z)a72] aya) 2 AS a Alte Ye} Aol AAS ojYsta So} 7 Yoys, jal Fo] e Beh Alell 7pS, Seeks el eo) hee
Unit 39 389 a} 2] in advance AA a living room --"33}t} to be famous 4] the world 7A=7} ~~ an architect BRIEFING I visited my friend for the first time after a long time. I called him in advance and went. When I got to his house, my friend was waiting for me. My friend is a famous architect. And he is very rich. So he is living in an extremely big house. The living room is extremely spacious. I’ve never seen such a big living room before. Some time ago my friend took a round-the-world trip and returned. In a few days he will go to France again. There is no one who likes to travel as much as he does.
390 Unit 40 UNIT 40 27| A Cold BASIC SENTENCES: MEMORIZE ZY AP7] suddenly 4t7] a cold ae ee a7} Aap] #9] Ao} 8. Are] ZAlspS. 134] ole The weather suddenly became cold. Be careful about catching a cold. even without your saying so Az] c} to catch (a cold) area te . ae) gfohke, HA z7IJ ol] Even without your saying so, I caught a Awol se. cold already. pai ere, is that so? = Zt a bad cold (flu) Fad sfc} to prevail, to go around 4 a A _ LAR? SS =zZfo] Fa Is that so? They say that a bad cold o] ao (flu) is going around these days. =i 9] a serious matter, a great concern uc} to happen oF medicine a aS 28, 2yY yede. Then, we are really in trouble! What A}7| ol] 3 eto] 28712 7 kind of medicine is good for a cold? Hy} A] Aq AZo FJ Alo} Aledojo es. For a cold, the best thing is to rest. ae ee Then, I have to go home early and re:’'
Unit 40° 391 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES . 442}7] means (1) ‘suddenly,’ ‘all of a sudden,’ ‘all at once,’ ‘abruptly,’ ‘hastily,’ (2) ‘unexpectedly,’ ‘without warning.’ Its synonym is #¢}4}, Study the following examples: ALAL7] HB] 7} She. Suddenly it is raining. 144°] 4+2}7] 92. He suddenly dropped dead. Or: He suddenly died. 14-0] 4}Ah7] So}sto] 2. He returned unexpectedly. . 447] el] Belt} ‘to catch a cold’ is interchangeable with the phrase 7+7]7} St} ‘to catch a cold.’ Study the following examples, and note particularly the different particles after 417], AY7\ ol] AAS. I caught a cold. 7 \ 2b ee) Oe, I caught a cold. Azt}, depending on the context or situation, can have many different meanings. Study the following examples: HAL} Aol] Ae gjog., A hat is hanging on the wall. 1 l= It takés about ten minutes. Pro] 3 Si) 25) 0] 2. He got sick. Als}7} ok AWojle. I did not get my call through, 171°] W ubeel] Baa, That weighs heavy on my mind. Usee)] 2A Wee. My life is at stake, . = 4+ means ‘flu,’ ‘a bad cold. = means ‘a poison,’ ‘a poisonous substance.’ Therefore, =-4} means literally ‘a poisonous cold.’ +-%°]#]2 is a contraction of --ato]etat a|9&, The indirect discourse -3_ @}t} will be studied in this Unit, Structure Notes II. _2 gd Yeu] s: = 2 means ‘a serious matter (problem),’ ‘ a matter of great importance,’ ‘great trouble;’ +t} means ‘to take place;’ -EU] 2 is an exclamatory ending. Therefore, its literal meaning is ‘A serious problem (matter, thing) took place.’ This expression is used when you get into trouble, or when you face a matter of grave (serious) concern. 5. 2-7] is a contraction of 47] -e. _ 2%) is a contraction of U7] ‘early.’ 4]0}0A)°] 2 is a contraction of 4]°o]°f s}ae12 ‘TIl have to rest.’
II. 392 Unit 40 STRUCTURE NOTES The Sentence-Final Ending -0}(-0{, -04) x\ch-: : ‘become something’ The pattern -°}(-°], -o)%] t} is used both with description verbs and action verbs. But it is used mostly with description verbs. This pattern indicates'a change or development from a certain condition to another. Examples : 171°] Seo} BHR, It got better. Um} AO] 2, It got worse. SAT] SH AWS, The weather got colder. x)7} oSa AUC, It’s getting warmer. LR BR Ao 2, I became busier. tte] Ae] As, He became younger. Yo] Ae] Add, The days are getting longer. 171°] BA BHR, It became expensive. as sto] 49] 4JUct. Korean is getting easier. A17Al°] A Ak. It got broken. Alo] Bol As, It got torn. Notes: 1. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final verb -%]t}, not in the main verb with -°}(-°, -°4), Study the following examples: <1 Of z}7} of] ae] 4] LU cH, She is getting more beautiful. = Of z}7} ow AAU ct, She became more beautiful. 1 Of Ab7} oF] we] Zz] Zz] oF 9h] 2 | She did not become more beautiful. 2. -o} 2|t} is used after -°}- and -2- ; -o| 2~|t} is used after any other vowel; -o| ~|ct} is used after a 3}t} verb. The Indirect Discourse - S}C}--- : ‘(someone) says that::-’ We have already studied the Plain Style, (See Unit 36, Structure Notes I.) If you have studied it well, the formation of the indirect discourse will be easily understood. The pattern -32 }t} is attached directly to the plain style to form the indirect discourse. The tense, negation and exact words of the original speaker must be repeated or retained, when referring to someone’s words.
Unit 40 398. (a) Interrogative indirect discourse : The interrogative indirect discourse is made by attaching the ending -37 s}t}+ directly to the plain question form of the verb. Study the following examples : AAe] -FSle]Ups2 4h] ch, He asks what it is. 14-0] FU at cH, He asks who he is. AouUs Fc, He asks if it is alright. 7} 7FEUSL Sch, He asks who is going (there), aT 7h eee Sect, He asks who went (there), 7} FRAMERS FY cH, He asks who will go (there), =o] SJurty FS} ]cH, He asks if you (he, she) have money. =o] Suu Frc, He asks if you (he, she) had money. 171°) oe] eeues ef U] cH, He asks if that is beautiful. 710] ap uiba Ss} Uc}, He asks if that was beautiful. 20] awe 44H, He asks if that will be beautiful. (b) ~~ Declarative indirect discourse : The declarative indirect discourse is made by attaching the ending -i é}t} directly to the plain declarative form of the verb, except the verb of identification -°] (t+) in the present tense. Study the following examples: 44o] SRSer}a BF 4c, He says he is studying. ao] 2 4s}2] eth et}, He says he is not studying. aye) SHarar Fr, He says he studied. 40] 2H s}2] okottha ec}, He says he did not study. a0] 2Faaqda gue, He says he will study. ao] 2Hs}%] gtalcha elc}, He says he won't study. 147-0] w}uachar 3} 4c}, He says he is busy. =1440] upeez] oechar SF} 4c}, He says he is not busy. Lo) ueetchat eFr)cH, He says he was busy. 4-0] upuez] ok9tchar et]t}, He says he was not busy. a0] npmalchat ect, He says he will be busy. 420] wpm] gtalchat SuU4t}, He says he won't be busy. 380] So] gichat Hc, He says he has money. aBoe] So] Aca eect, He says he has no money. 330] =o] Wada yet. He says he had money. aoe] =o] AAdz yc. He says he had no money. 3Ro] Aol ada ye. He says he was a teacher.
394 (ec) (d) (e) Unit 40 Note: When the verb of identification -°](t}) is in the present tense, -(°]) #}37 3}c} is attached directly to the nouns. Study the following examples: ae] Algolefat Yr -4rH.,- He says he is a teacher. 171°] Bojeta e4cH, He says it is a book. 171°] B+ ofebat S14 cH, He says it is a peach. 171°] A2l-P7H est eB 4rH, He says it is an eraser. Propositive indirect discourse : The propositive indirect discourse is made by attaching the ending -1 é}t} directly to the plain propositive form of the verb. Study the following examples: aAHo] We) FY zbar er] cth, He says, ‘Let’s eat quickly.’ Alt Sszbat ect, He says, ‘Let’s study now.’ AS ES}-Ezba Fr] cH, He says, ‘Let’s help him.’ —-o S}A aL Ff] cH, He says, ‘Let’s swim.’ B<s-Azba. eu ct, He says, ‘Let’s review.’ od = SfAh a2 FU] cH, He says, ‘Let’s practice.’ 7}A) Bhar Fr U]ch, He says, ‘Let’s not go.’ Imperative indirect discourse : When we studied the imperative forms of the plain style, there were two of them, i.e., -°#(-°], -°4)2} and -(2)2t, The latter is used with the indirect discourse -a2 3}t+, Study the following examples: Salo] 7hebat efrfct, He says, ‘Go to school.’ Alt Yee} Hr cf, He says, ‘Work now.’ Sige ea ged ee a ha Se He says, ‘Close your eyes.’ o] 24)S Hoey Frc, He says, ‘Eat this food.’ 7‘A) Bbe}ar ef] cH, He says, ‘Don’t go.’ Polite imperative indirect discourse : The polite imperative indirect discourse is made by attaching the ending -31 3}t} directly to the plain imperative form of the verb He}t} (which means ‘to ask (for),’ ‘to appeal,’ ‘to request,’ etc.) Study the following examples : 2S 7] Seb Sec He says, ‘Turn on the light, please.’ Ajo] 2} Debi Fr]r}, He says, ‘Come home, please.’ ee So] dey Fe, He says, ‘Open the door, please.’