Speaking Korean Book 1

Unit 30 295 Ale WAHL. How do you do? (A person who gets introduced regularly uses this expression.) A] SAE] ch] SpA] 2, Please make a new start. Al SEE] 7A) 2 sh] 2, Please do it well from beginning to end. of4-3}t} means ‘to make a promise,’ ‘to make an appointment,’ ‘to make a date,’ ‘to give one’s word.’ Study the following examples: OS ZIFF S., I kept my word (promise), oreo 0] Wo] 2 | (He) broke his promise. ree oH AOS. I forgot the appointment. Sle] means ‘originally,’ ‘primarily,’ ‘by nature,’ ‘essentially.’ When the consonant u is followed by #, the preceding consonant \ becomes a lateral sound @, Therefore, 2] is pronounced as YzH, STRUCTURE NOTES The Introductory Non-Final Ending -uL (-2, -=)d|: We have already studied the sentence-final ending -L (2, -=)u]&, which indicates interest, surprise, delight, astonishment, wonder, etc., (See Unit 12, Structure Notes I.) This pattern -- (2, -+=)4] is used, however, as a nonfinal ending as well. It is used to introduce a certain fact, occurrence, or event before the sentence which follows it. The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘.--and,’ ‘--but,’ ‘:-:so,’ etc. It is used with any verb. Examples : APT VEU, A PAM, He is a friend of mine, and he is very rich. 38-0] os aPetelu], PHS 4 ag. He is an American, but he speaks Korean very well. See Aa |, Ale tO OS. I want to buy it, but I have no money now. Me goes Soleo, a SS Se. I am studying Korean, but he is studying English. Al upee], ad 24)4412? I’m busy now, so will you come tomorrow ? Notes: 1. The past or future tense infix (-3t-, -2) may be used in this pattern -u

296 Unit 30 -<, -)u], Study the following examples : as] Seca, # PEMys, I studied hard, but I don’t understand it very well. ISa BS spoped, yay af Urs? I have to buy a Korean language book, but where can I buy it ? 2. -.(&)]_ is attached to description verb stems in the present tense and to the verb of identification ©]t} in the present tense. 3. -+4] is attached to all other cases. II. The Non-Final Ending -(2)U 7}: ‘when’ We have already studied the causal non-final ending -(2)U7}, which indicates cause or reason, (See Unit 17, Structure Notes I.) This pattern -(2)U 7+, besides being used as a causal non-final ending meaning ‘because,’ can also be used as a time non-final ending meaning ‘when.’ Examples : Alo] 7HA 7h, Ae] oHEE GAS. When I went home, there was nobody there. uboll U7, oF #81012, When I went out, it was very cold. AA] S77}, Abate] Bekok, When I entered my office, there were many people. XWS UH, ATA, When I looked out of the window, it was dark. Alf ete] Asts}-47}, 24°] Aol] Mads, When I phoned my friend, he was not home. SS AE, te) AR, When I looked up into his face, he laughed. o] AS go] Hu7}, 12] choke, When I try reading this book, it’s not difficult. Notes: 1. This non-final ending -(2)47}, meaning ‘when,’ is used only with action verbs; however, the causal non-final ending -(2-)447}, meaning ‘because,’ may be used with any verb. 2. When this pattern -(2)t47} is used with the meaning ‘when,’ the subjects of the dependent clause and the main clause must be different, Moreover, the main clause usually takes the past tense. When this pattern -(°)1]7}

4, Unit 30 290 is used with the meaning ‘because,’ it does not know these limitations. . The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final (main) clause, not in the first (dependent) clause with - (©) U7}, -U7| is used after verb stems ending in a vowel : -.21}7} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. III. The Sentence-Final Ending -7|= S}c}---: ‘to decide to do (so-and-so)’ This pattern -7]= 3}t} is attached directly to the stem of an action verb; it indicates making a choice between alternatives, or arriving at a solution to an uncertainty or dispute. The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘to decide to do (so-and-so),’ ‘to make up one’s mind to do (so-and-so),’ ‘to arrange (fix) to do (so-and-so),’ Examples 2S AYo 24S wh}7])= G7} Shall we decide to meet him this even2? ing ? At-S -Ss7|= B18. We decided to perform a surgical operation on him. a1%0] 24, que jc. Let’s decide to leave if he comes. BS 3}7)2 HH )]ct, Let’s decide to review. ee up]Zz] Y7/z Bog, I made up my mind not to drink. Notes: 1. The nominalizing suffix -7] indicates ‘an act,’ the particle -=% implies As ‘goal,’ and é}t} means ‘to decide on,’ ‘to make (it) to be.’ The verb é}t} in this pattern can be replaced by other verbs, such as °F +<s}t} ‘to promise,’ 4st} ’to decide,’ ‘to settle, 7/4 3}t} ‘to intend (to do),’ ‘to fix one’s mind on (doing), 44]ét} ‘to make up one’s mind,’ etc Study the following examples: AHS EMNF7)Z FBR, I promised to help him. 22S EMNF7JZ AVHog., I decided to help him. aH EMF7Z AAVMoR, I fixed my mind on helping him. 3B EMNS7EZ AMAA, I made up my mind to help him. When this pattern -7]=_ 3}t} is preceded by a negative, its meaning is ‘to decide not to do (so-and-so),’ But when the negation is expressed in the final verb -é}t}, its meaning is ‘to not decide to do (so-and-so),’ Study the following examples: 7}A] 27/2 Bk, I decided not to go.

298 Unit 30 7}7|Z SsbA] 23h] 2, I haven’t decide to go. 4. The tense is expressed regularly in the final verb é}t}, not in the verb with -7]=, Study the following examples : Ve Aled, We Red. 7712 BAe. Let’s decide to go. I’ve decided to go. I will decide to go. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY = the end, termination A~s}c} to decide, to settle Uso Substitution Drill VStar SECl 7] eS) A EY. 2. >] ds ASspy7= ee], 30 Se st7|= SP | Et. A sre) SA) ef, 5. ye bes) 2 eA}ch, some time later 6. 2A aA7)= HI. 7. Ud Ate 7)= Hc. 248712 Bc. Substitution Drill Le ae Bee OFS oy SS Qo ele: Seo | Sey oy +n Al 7A] BUZZ. OFA aBO} g _ QS 397] eho] z bsapoyg. & uA] 2) e7] 2 ef ao} 4 5. Se 6. ae4l a7) Sao] 9 7. Bre] “W7) ee SF 5] 2 8. Abs Aba] 7] SZ AGO} g. C. Substitution Drill 1 re S71] 24 sole, 2. 2 9s ASsle Ago, 3. Azle] 7 = Asics. 2LA]S}c} to intend (to do), to fix one’s mind on (doing) 7AA]3}c} to make up one’s mind Let’s (decide to) meet him. Let’s (decide to) continue this work. Let’s (decide to) review. Let’s (decide to) prepare the lessons. Let’s (decide to) row. get engaged tomorLet’s (decide to) repair that. Let’s (decide to) clean it tomorrow. Let’s (decide to) be careful. I promised to meet him. I promised to help him. I promised to finish it by two. I promised not to smoke. I promised not to drink. I promised not to cry. I promised not to talk. I promised not to take a nap. We decided to help him. We decided to continue that work. We decided to go there.

Unit 30 299 4. APE. AA BHOY 2, 5 BBP Z AVY, 6. uhS7]z Azo} a, 7 8 H7\2 AAHFR, SEIN AVHHS, Substitution Drill HW }Hjo& |W | Ho patl [2 ttlo |nrulomju |ro oh qefal[oh x ot | Jawes. foot |njt job soUbteIN (mia |ufo Jrj|rulo ilo |i = S na (nu |Wfre WW | Jot Ot Info |S LYpall da psbSe 5° N Be pate Drill “Azle ble aA AS, Jao] 2. #2 e}Al7] 2 Adee, ay] Qe Agael a, a Ue a We AVHls 1 2 3 4 Dis 6 7 8 Integration Drill Teacher : ass Beeps AdwMs. | eS Rhye AVM, PHS 27] W71z ATMs, 2. o. We decided to buy that. We decided to study English. We decided to make it. We decided to sell it. We decided to operate on him. I fixed my mind on helping him. I fixed my mind on doing that. I fixed my mind on continuing that. I fixed my mind on studying Korean. I fixed my mind on making it. I fixed my mind on not smoking. I fixed my mind on not drinking. I fixed my mind on not talking. I made up my mind to help him. I made up my mind to go there. I made up my mind to study Korean. I made up my mind to meet him. I made up my mind not to smoke. I made up my mind not to drink. I made up my mind not to talk. I made up my mind not to do that work. a\q ech de 22s? I’m busy now. Will you come tomorrow ? Student: ~] BR=cI, wel 2A) ase 7? I’m busy now, so will you come tomorrow ? 1. o]zto) suet, te AS FAAS? o]o] Gesu), dE AS RASH? 2. 430) Balaaet, ee aBe] Balada, 3. Azo) alae, abla? az}0) alae, abla? 4. 247} Seuch. 7A? WA AU 7 ?

300 Unit 30 SA7t etal, 7A 7? 5. 2] BASU. WAlAey7}? 1A] FATA, BAAS? 6. Te] ww ych, Bopp] aeu 7? AHo] wey], top|? 7. As ADAG. 4s 24/8474? az Ale Sul, Fe] QAlASU 7A? 8. 22e] $4] Bech. AAAS? 370) $2) Bea], xPlAeU 7H? G. Integration Drill Teacher: HE WHS SHH, LHe BS SFP. I am studying Korean. He is studying English. Student: he Udo SH shed, StS Soe SHTe. I am studying Korean, but he is studying English. 1. AP MSU, OME Hable. AP Qe, oF PAC. 2. 40] “ket, a2lz] Soteuct. APO] VEU], 2)2] etsuc. 3. als] Beach 4 gd wedge, js] Zeyeg, + weagud. 4. W7S Soteueh A ct. W7|S 3teul, 4 Hct. 5. Hee] SUsU, ae] Add. Hs?) BAe, 2] Aedct. 6. AUP} SUch Ysa) 7a? 2UY7|7} QEu], ABA 7A 7? 7. DE ASS awbyseeh, Mata. ws 4198 HNVMed, tated. 8. Fate AM SSH gel asc. Arte] Als] Ssokeul, MAAasdect. H. Integration Drill Teacher: 4ol] AUCH, Ob FE et AAS, I went home. There was nobody there. Student: ol] 7/47}, oHFE et AAS, When I went home, there was nobody there. L. Me Uzkeu eh. oe PU ch,

Unit 30 301 ute] 7h 7}, ob eu, 2. AMFALo] Soyesuch, abepo) wWekgerycy, ALFALo] Sel7hy7}, Absto] Wekeuch, 3. PMS UBS}, of FM. JUS Uw, VERS. 4. APA] ABI, tH] Aol gals. APM] Assy, 1B) ao] adage. 5. ARS Acushsue}, tH0) Selguyeh, ARS ARYA, TR0] SFYC, 6. o] AS Yo] Beksueh. ojgla] keyeh, o] FS Yo] Buy}, olga) euch, 7. Ate] Selec, GSC. Abe] 2ephy7, Yas. 8. YS Solrjushsuch, FE Masuch. We Sore, FEE Measuch, Response Drill LTS ahs Hastie? date Wu7is deatela 2. BAS Apl|z Ags AEA AVE. AQ MNL, 3. BAS a] WIZ sale 2 p27] Q71z Adyela EY 4. PPE Rope] et aA? AVS solbeul, ek asels. 5. He U7b 7}, of aol 2.2 ube] Uhh, F012, 6. aol 77}, TBS) ABIL? — al, Bo] FHA}, ao] Ales, 7. MH] & a7} BP siglela7 Aso] S ay} FS Yala, §. 2¥6] sz WAY WAL? ol, 2B°] she WAR) spas. SHORT STORIES 1. alts} choy eh p7]e oa OYA, 2] 2°] A] 4) 4bel] 2] 9teol 2. A] 2) Zkei] ‘on time’ Ajo] Asbs} 7, T°] wba) Aled g. Expansion Drill Azo} cpio] whp7]z FSBea], 2) a] alzte 2] 16 sho12, ao) Asbshy7}, 0] val alslel 2. 2.7. Ags oes 4 zZJ)AGUc. 41714 ‘to keep, to observe sow Aad. ©17)t} to break

302 Unit 30 gon oS 4 2\7/Aeuet. ¢}° 2 in the future Expansion Drill A AMIS Gee a aReal, Wt} ess claw, we Bese 2 alae. 3. $$ oz) ale aedeh. LHe SS Bhaja Pez} osu, 2 up|7| He Ale] Sze 2. Expansion Drill S& upl7) ee AeUcL He |SS apa wel7} opz7] alee], Sk nps]7] he Ble] $alol a READING aire are) aaa le SMHS, aerp oj7] Bow roped], Tz] a AMIS. 3a spt AAs) vole, 2a y 2a) ashi, oa. abo] aaicia, ool ema aLs 2b Wes. be lsd Tata Ete 7 4S wel 5 eEgfol2, TRS ulste]Ay wp} ses wa Fopgpoj a, zz Az} Hato 7}BAsL gel 2, ARS eta weal ofzk A az] SoHR, TH] Yau} AYS Vo) Babar Pola, zy 7k Alzb8) GOLA Abo] 2. CHS] cpa) HhA7]E go}. HtAFE}S] a doctor’s degree fH AbaL Bo] He said ‘Let’s eat’ a+ a professor A} OF SEC} to decline respectfully 7j<=s}t} to be humble BRIEFING I promised to meet my friend at his house. I visited him at his house yesterday. But he was not at home. So I got very angry. When I called him at school, fortunately he was there. So I went to school and I met him. It has only been four months since he came back to Korea from America. He received a Ph.D. in America and returned to Korea. Now he is teaching at Sogang University. He is a college professor. But he is very humble. He asked me to eat dinner together. But because I had no time, I had to refuse (with thanks), We decided to meet again soon.

Unit 31 303 UNIT 31 AHO] QA] cAlQ Have Fun BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE 3 a = 1. Aras VAL, AE AZIZ Have fun, everybody. I have to go now. 7} BfoP ZO] 2 Hn} Seah hnte he Mach Shake a ail Ea SSS aa eg lnc aed geal ek Ha. gic wet u} sins ase Ela AS Che 3 eet einer ee | 3101 2. #1] u} pe 4] 7 Ale = 7st HL, A Al Let’s play together and go. if I don’t go it won't be good a eeTtonage I’m sorry. If I don’t go now, it won’t be good. some kind of urgent A A Do you have some urgent work to do? another a re Yes, I have to meet another friend. first, ahead soon 4 a Then, go ahead. I’m also going to go soon. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1. Ba} FP 2. 2. U7} atak Als. 3. oak lc. How about a cigarette ? I’ll treat you to drinks. Let’s have a drink.

304 Unit 31 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES _ 7} Bhobvo}@ is a contraction of 7} Book a}Ze]2 ‘I have to go, (lit. Tl have to go and see),’ The contracted form is used more often. . ¢+ WH is a contraction of et =]°]2 ‘it won’t be good.’ 4. GS ZS Go] 9) 24127? means ‘Do you have some urgent work to do? +-<, in this context, means ‘some kind of, ‘something,’ ‘anything,’ etc. Study the following examples: He US OAR? You came in regards to what matter ? Be US 2H7) AAS HI? Why are you so slow with your work ? = $e qWo] 9) e442? Is there anything good ? =s}t}, depending on the context or situation, means (1) ‘to be urgent,’ (2) ‘to be impatient,’ (3) ‘to be critical,’ ‘to be an emergency,’ etc. Study the following examples: Het Go] gous, I have some urgent business. o] Yo] saya, This matter is pressing. ato] Au)7} el 2., He is impatient. et StA}7} S82, An emergency patient came. . te=&ct}, depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ‘to be different from,’ (2) ‘to be another,’ ‘to be unlike,’ (3) ‘to be not in accordance with,’ etc. Its opposite word is 2t} ‘to be the same.’ Study the following examples: o] Ast a AS dele. This book and that book are different (from each other), AHS HSE Foleo] 2, He is another student. 14-2 o As dse dete, He is not what he was in his youth. AAAS of HS Ales. That’s quite another problem. AAle se Bees, It’s not in keeping with the agreement. . "1A, means (1) ‘first,’ ‘ahead, (2) ‘earlier,’ ‘beforehand,’ (3) ‘(sometime) ago.’ ‘formerly,’ etc. Its opposite word is -}+<oel] or Hel]. Study the following examples : WAL S47} 2, Please go in first. HA Ab 2. Please eat first. Or: Please eat before the others. U7} HA aytol a, I left earlier. WAT set 414] 0] Z10] $2] eto}8, As I told you before, this is not good.

II. Unit 31 305 STRUCTURE NOTES The Sentence-Final Ending -2(&) 20] Qic}--+: ‘have something to do’ The pattern -2 (3) Yo] 9)t} means literally ‘an act, work or business to be done exist.’ It is used when you have some work, business or activity to do in the future, and it takes only action verbs. (The modifier suffix -= (2), used with action verbs, indicates future. Examples : Ato] 2 Ao] 3}o] 2. I have to go to Pusan. Alas BS Ge] g]o} 2. I have to meet my friend. Al >. 2] .9)e] 9. I have to see to some business now. Ale ee °| 8144S, I have no business to see to now. Ase] BHzIS S Yo} 9o7 8. I have to write him. Al Ste] FES} Go] 9)o7 eg. I have to ask my friend some favors. Als Ato}2z Yo] glo} eg. I have to visit my friend. Notes: 1. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final verb. Study the following examples: Al ae wept oly 9191.2. I have something to see to now. 21 Wo] 2 Yo] aoa, I had something to see to at that time. Alt ] Yo} Wolk, I have nothing to see to now. a1 do] 2 do] gaos, I had nothing to see to at that time. 2. -2 Yo] 9)r}(g)c}) is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -& Yo] gJr}(}t}) is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. The Intentional -(©)2{1a S}c}---: ‘intend to do,’ ‘be going to do’ The sentence-final ending - (©) #]32 3}t} is used with action verbs, as well as with the verb Jt}; it indicates a subject’s intention or determination to act in a certain way. The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘intend to do,’ ‘plan to do,’ ‘have it in mind to do,’ ‘be going to do,’ etc. Examples : AZo] Ft GS Qo Ba, I intend to stay in Seoul about one month. ao] 7eAw We. He intends to go. Or: He is going to go. Or: He plans to go.

306 Unit 31 Il. Bsa ae, I'm going to review. Or: I intend to review. Or: I plan to review. Was zp ae, I’m going to take a nap. Se] ES} eY aL HL, I’m going to ask him a favor. The negation is expressed in the main verb with -(2.) #4 37, not in the final verb 3}t}, Study the following examples: AAS AA BQ, I’m going to buy it. AAs ApA] SOAa Ws. I’m not going to buy it. However, the tense is expressed in the final verb 3}*}, not in the main verb with -(©) 232, Study the following examples: AAs AAA aL ae, I am going to buy it. AAS Aha. Wook, I was going to buy it. Notes: 1. This pattern -(©&)#] 32 +t} may be used with all persons, whereas the intentional -2()~A]& is used only with first person statements, (cf. Unit 18, Structure Notes III), and the intentional -(3)#& is used with first person statements and second person questions, (cf. Unit 23, Structure Notes II), Study the following examples: Ue ya aaa. I'll go tomorrow. Or: I intend to go tomorrow. Ue ya azade, I'll go tomorrow. Or: I’m going to go tomorrow. ya 7eAaa se? Will you go tomorrow? Or: Do you intend to go tomorrow ? Ue ye 7a ae. I’m going to go tomorrow. Yad 7h) Aa Wa? Are you going to go tomorrow ? IH 7A We, He too intends to go tomorrow. 2. -2{a1 3}c} is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -2.2451 3}t} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. The Ending -(2)%2: A.V.S. +-(2)2Hi-: ‘in order to’ We have already studied the ending -() 2], which indicates the purpose of an action, (See Unit 20, Structure Notes I.) This non-final ending - (©) 2a is interchangeable with -(2)2], making no major difference in meaning. However, a small difference is that the ending - (2) 2] is followed always by either 7}t}, -2 t+ or their compounds, while the ending -(°) #2 32 can be followed by any action verb.

Unit 31 307 Examples : Oo} 2] Stel] Feat o] AIS Aho] 2. I bought this for (to give to) my father. #-Atol] Zee] at WA ojytol sg. I got up early to go to Pusan. =o] 74a SHS Seals, I’m studying German to go to Germany. Als BY} O47) o] Sole. I came here to meet my friend. AAS Akela. SS DHS. I borrowed money in order to buy a car. Notes: 1. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final verb, not in the verb with -(2.) 4372, Study the following examples: Alte] HAs AAS 4h cd, I am buying it for (to give to) my friend. Aleka] Aa aAS 4b]. I bought it for (to give to) my friend. Al ete] eat 71S AZ] 29! I didn’t buy it for (to give to) my friend. cafes. 2. This pattern -(°.) #157 usually takes the past or present tense in the final verb, but it is never used in the future tense. 3. -237 is used after verb stems ending in a vowel, and the consonant -# ; -© 457 is used after verb stems ending in all consonants except -=, DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY #2 é}t} to be important af 7| meat 4] 2+3}c} «to praise 7] at eggs 4) 2] c} to borrow A. Substitution Drill Pee ee Oo) Do you have anything urgent to do? Q. Ba 7] Ue Jo] 9) °%].2 7? Do you have anything unpleasant to do? 3, BS aug] do] 9J°4]2? Do you have anything interesting to do? A ee ero eo} 9) 2 4S? Do you have anything complicated to do? ee Oe 7 el ag) iaa7 Do you have anthing difficult to do? 6. Soe Siar Glo] ero aig? Do you have anything important to do ? Tne Zhe |) Sle ae? Do you have anything happy to do? 8. Fe Sz Yo] YOMQ? Do you have anything sorrowful to do? B. Substitution Drill 1. H4ho] 2 Yo] Wk, I have to go to Pusan.

= = Ala oO ue = pao TE eec=! ubd ao] o4.2, Bo lois. Alara APES We]. hol 8, te] AzS S Ue] goa, Bok iA 8) 910) Bes Abe Je} glo. je we ALS Se] 91°} 8. Substitution Drill 1. Beslela adc. 2. ee AL ee. HCH. 3. Alks}eyat BUH, o] ae uz} age _ Asses. Hc. eAsea qd, aati. tc. Dm OT> oN 1. BERS] 2. NP 3. SAS 4. APES 5 FS 6 7. AR Pattern D Teacher: = Student: = i. Co)No Beas qc, ajay 4c. 72D Ac, 7he} a1 YU ch, rill Ass} at Bok, AAs} at Wok, PSs at Bolg, A) -+7-e4 aL Bo] 2, Unit 31 I have to meet my friend. I have some business to attend to now. I have to ask my friend some favors. I have to write letter to him. I have to visit my friend. I have to decline (it) respectfully. I have to make a phone call to him. I intend to review. Or :I plan to review. Or : I’m going to review. I intend to take a nap. I intend to decline (it) with respectfully. I intend to make’a decision. I intend to make a phone call. I intend to drive this car. I intend to repair it. I’m going to get engaged. I intend to review. I don’t intend to review. ueeto] SA] wear B14 cH, WW7t lA] ese at BU] cH, eae 7/24] 2st eh, APES 74) Sea eB 4ct, AbeFstA] CH 2e4 ar Bh] cH, QlAbs}4) 2 eat Bet, AYArsz] Blea BF 4rH, I was going to study. I was not going to study. AS+s}A] C$ ar Bo] s, AA s+2] HOB a Bog, TEs] YoOz ae UPA) B2eSL Ho} a,

(ooh CRMtery a, Unit 31 309 W7)S koe an Boje, H71S eA) Goes Yous, AAS Glew Bole, AAs 27] gees Bole, W7)S Polya Bos, W7)S F2] Soest Bole, =e WAT qe, ES HZ) Glas Bolg Integration Drill Teacher: Qo] 7} a2 euch, Ses BPs, I am going to go to Germany. I’m studying German. Student: =e] 7a za SUS BF ch, I’m ae German to go to Germany. 2 ubpejs. Heh, of7Jo] Sx, = Bhs, 7] 2c. = 447 aed. ES YAS. Are 4+4al, =S DASuect, _ paz ae] Eelels, REUc}, os aque, opm alata) Eelejy, ols abet, 42 epjaz aeuch Azle) zed. ae FI4|44a1,) A7|9 ae. veri Sire: ea ola. eo) Zl 7b) ar She] 8. Alay Pal, °| Ale, 7} Al aly Sho] 8. ee Al re eo tty el SPOS D7) FSAD, 47J ei Bola, A A}S Uapeyw qc. weTs Bee ye, AAS Uspeyz, Wes Bead. 2 EhFyy ASU, Arla) Soyzeuct. & ENFYD, Arlo) Sosy. Response Drill (Review) SF WwYO FHAND Teacher: He 72 HR? Will you go tomorrow ? Student: 4, UY ae, Yes, I’ll go tomorrow. . eas PEttd2? q], cays FSH 2. . AAAS ? a], Area a. .Wadeadys? ol], Ueycp sey 2. _yoe2Aqs:? a], UcSa a. . 4A 2? a], Sor ey 2. . o)AbatAle se? a], QlApetey 2, _ FAAS? a], ZAlaay ag, _ oP epel ea? a, Cf atey 2,

310 Unit 31 H. Substitution Drill (Review) i Oo =)Chl emy) PS U7RUe AAs. l’ll go tomorrow. . U7} ApoFs] 2, I’ll decline respectfully. _ U7} ages. I’ll make a decision. . U7} a2Ale 4412. P’ll boil it. cd ee we eg he I'll roast it. . uy7taas esa. I’ll cover it. . uy} aas ASa7e.. I’ll continue it. U7} aA os 3. I’ll promise it. SHORT STORIES i 3¥S Bo} off SER) rh. % one’s body AA) UE So] oe} uct, E=Est} to be strong aA PSP oes 4144-4 Bc. este} to be weak Expansion Drill APL Ho] fF ERG, He So] Hey Spey LES alays}e|at ach, ° cH, ad A oh geza ett. @t+ to pay back as] dad 28 + US A Pers. Expansion Drill AG Api ES age, a d Jad 2s + VS A ors, + j] 22D By agel . Ha Yo] AASsuc. AY 7) ct} to happen, to take place aa AAG) HEP Alo] glo}x] so} yho} eu] AE7} GlojA} a Ho} stoy a, “11% in the same way as before, Expansion Drill as it is (was) He le] MAGUc, APs] Peps ao] goa Ropybed, APT MV DF Soho} a.

Unit 31 Sit READING ale ATS] Adeasu, Ue ApeteyA 2qs welsudt, aA, ASS sy Ab ew shee, APS] Ao] 77h, AR o] Be] S Ads, TAS OF MUVAS Beeteuch te leetiateut, 2eld| ce aS we ce] galerie, a AA ety} SRS, Ue APS pel cyte] zh. aay] 2 a7} Al A}2to) 422) BesU, aay a0] BA po 74] oP Apa | cae ey alts} 2p4-s9 te) ean 4] Sur, aay] a aa} pease. AY a birthday #U|S ct to receive an invitation 2d an invitation A= a gift VV s}c} to invite s+ gait} lit. (They) came abr} fo recat and were (there), BRIEFING Yesterday was my friend’s birthday. He invited me to his party. So I bought a gift and went to his house. When I got to my friend’s house, a lot of people were there. We had a wonderful time. I wanted to have a little more fun, but I had to meet another friend. I came back home, and then I went to the tearoom to meet my friend. But my friend didn’t come on time. So I waited for him for about 10 minutes until he arrived. I wanted to eat dinner with him, but my friend refused with thanks.

312 Unit 32 UNIT 32 =G Review BASIC SENTENCES: MEMORIZE aye Sia ee LY Ae = ? What are you doing now ? = a tape-recorder + A A I’m reviewing with a taperecorder. tah 3p a day, one day A A) ZS about how many hours 33 9 3, spRo] B A| Z}% BS SpA] 2. ? About how many hours do you review a day ? cH 7H generally, mostly, nearly, about =A} homework + A” 4. Wy > AZ BSa se. Generally, I review about two hours. But 14u] <A] 7} Bop) 47o] 8, _ there is so much homework that I could die. v} es Sc} to overwork Alt S| reasonably, adequately a 2 = 5, Heopz] Bhar, 4ade] 24+36}4] Don’t overwork, just study reasonably. au =uc to | have a hard : time, to have a bitter experience a 6. az, aS ef ss, 144 «But, if I don’t do my homework, my ate] Sr} 2. teacher will give me a hard time. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE Lael. I miss you. Or: I’m sad, (disappointed) , 2. Atspe}uct, I apologize to you. 3, 2A SHI 8. Pardon (forgive) me, please.

Unit 32 313. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES - “ar7] is a noun which means literally ‘a recording machine.’ Study the following words relating to (sound) recording. 3 s}t} ‘to record’ S34 ‘a recording room’ =a 4]°]= ‘a recording tape’ +47 3}a1 | When the consonant -# occurs as a final consonant, and is followed directly by the consonant @ of the next syllable, ¢ is pronounced as a, Therefore, 3-43}3! is pronounced as 2 <4-3}7, . tH7H, a noun meaning ‘an outline,’ ‘a summary,’ can also be used as an adverb meaning ‘generally,’ ‘mostly,’ ‘for the most part,’ ‘nearly,’ ‘almost,’ et. Study the following examples: 7H Al Aol APU ch. I usually go home late. YLael a7} wala 7A, I go fishing nearly every Sunday. Skat APS 7 2zl|S Soha. Most Koreans like kimchi. . 2}=36}c} means ‘to overwork,‘ ‘to work too hard,’ +} indicates ‘excess,’ ‘immoderation,’ or ‘to pass.’ Study the following words: s+Als}t} ‘to overeat,’ ‘to eat too much’ s+2-s}t} ‘to drink too much’ s+-2-3}t} ‘to spend too much’ s+413}t} ‘to place too much confidence (in a person),’ ‘to be overconfident’ A{%s] is an adverb meaning ‘adequately,’ ‘reasonably,’ ‘properly,’ suitably.’ Study the following examples : Ads] Usp ie. Just work reasonably. Arts] sy 2., Do as you see fit. Ae Zoe apie, Buy it at a reasonable price. . &=u4t}, depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ‘to get frightened out of one’s wits,’ ‘to be startled (horrified),’ (2) ‘to have a bitter experience,’ ‘to have a hard time of it.’ It is used always with the particle -¢ 4] ‘by, whereas = Uj tH, ‘to make (a person) smart,’ ‘to give (a person) a hard time’ is used always with the object particle -3/-&, Study the following examples, and note particularly noting the preceding particles. Heke] St 2. I got frightened by a dog. AAW Ste] S5t 2, I was severely scolded by my teacher. aH#sS Ey Fao. I'll get him to cry for mercy.

314 Unit 32 STRUCTURE NOTES The Progressive -Z sal : ‘(someone) is doing (something)’ The sentence-final ending -32 9)t+, preceded by action verbs, indicates a kind of process or continuing action. Examples : AF-S 7| tHe] 9948. I’m waiting for my friend. W7|7} 4t& zhat Qloj 2, The baby is taking a nap. EAjo) Bz|S Aa VIR, My younger brother is writing a letter. HERO] Bat 3) 2. The wind is blowing. Ale oe Or ae ale}. I’m reviewing now. Spo] Ista 9142, The student is swimming. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the final verb 9Jt}, not in the main verb with -32, Study the following examples: HEeO] Eat 91°42, The wind is blowing. Beto] Bat QZ] Boke, The wind is not blowing. BESS] al Slolol ae The wind was blowing. u} eto] Baz 92] eerey 2, The wind was not blowing. The final verb 9J)t} can be replaced by the honorific verb A]4]t}, whenever one addresses or refers to person of superior social standing: older people, teachers, doctors, foreigners, and so forth. Study the following examples: FAS sar AAU? What are you doing now? o}a] 2) 7} BA) AAS. My father is sleeping. MAN Y°|] AAS 4p Ala Alaa, My teacher is eating lunch. ayo] as Sar Aa, My older brother is reading a book. 14-0] Yspar AA]A] eohQ, He is not working. However, this pattern can have two different meanings when used with verbs dealing with items of clothing ; some of these one: 9}t} ‘to put on (clothes),’ Zt} ‘to put on (a hat),’ Alt} ‘to put on (shoes),’ etc. Study the following examples : 14-0] ay 2S Mar 9] 2. She is putting on a new dress. Or : She has on a new dress. 4-0] BARS AT 9978. He was putting on a hat. Or: He had on a hat. Zey-8|4)-2-' Al al. 9) 0] 2. He is putting on his shoes. Or: He has his shoes on.

Il. Unit 32 SIS 17°] eE}o]= uly 9)qe] a, He was putting on a necktie. Or: He had on a necktie. This pattern -32_ 9Jt+, when preceded by a time word+a particle, (such as ~4| ‘from’ or --&¢t ‘during,’ ‘for’), indicates an action which took place in the past, and is still going on. Study the following examples: Alt Bite] Vesta 3)94 8. I’ve been working since last month (lit. ’m working from last month.) oe 7\A] A] ‘d-Sek estar 9)°72., I’ve been working here for the past ten years. Notes: 1. A simple verb indicates an action itself, making no reference to duration of time ; however, the progressive form indicates the fact that an action lasts for a while. Study the following examples: tats Sado g, I studied Korea. gaawtse 2H W948. I was studying Korean. 2. This pattern -31 9$Jt} cannot be used for the immediate future, like ‘I’m leaving’ for ‘T’ll leave’ in English. The Pattern -O}(-0j, -04)A{ 32c}--- : ‘because of (so-and-so), I could die’ This pattern -°}(-°], -°|)4]_ 2t} may be used with any verb, except -°] tt, However, it’s used mostly with description verbs. When the causal nonfinal ending -°}(-], -)4]_ is followed by 4 7 t} ‘will die,’ it indicates extreme anxiety, pain, or anguish, caused by a certain fact or event. Examples : Hy AloA) Salo] 2, I’m dying to see you. BVA Flos, I’m so tired, I could die. AZT} FAA SAR. The weather is so cold that I could die. tbo] zh ZokshAl ole, Because he keeps coming to see me, I could die. 8S =o] MIA Fas. Because I don’t have any money these days, I could die. BZ} a2a}A] AR, I feel so hungry, I could die. Bu] 7} U-e AA alos. Because it’s raining so much, I could die. De]7} ofsbAL AOR, Because of my headaches, I could die. Notes: 1. The particle -4] after -o}(-°1, -°4) may be dropped, making no differ-

316 Unit 32 ence in meaning. But it’s better to practice it in the beginning. 2. -o}4] #4)c} is used after -°} and -& ; -0|2] &c} is used after any other vowel ; -oj2] lc} is used after s}t}, or the stem of the verb -3}t}, III. A.V.S. +-A] Ga---: ‘not, (but)--’ We have already studied the pattern A.V.S. +-%] "t}, which indicates prohibition or dissuasion. This pattern -%] "152 is a compound pattern: i.e., -%|_ "(c}), plus -32 meaning ‘and.’ It is used when you attempt to dissuade someone from doing a certain action, in favor of another. Examples : Qs}z] Boa, 4A. Don’t work, (but) rest. FA) 2] Bat, do 7s. Don’t sleep; get up. WS] tat, APs] sp] 2. Don’t make noise, (but) be quiet. $7) ta, Lo] 2, Don’t cry ; laugh. 047} ol] AlA]A] Baz, Aol] 7H L. Don’t stay here; go home. Sz}7}Z] Ya, FAIS. Don’t go up; come down. ALBSs A] Bal, S7F4)cH, Let’s study without taking a walk. = up|Z] Ha, 4)c., Let’s go without drinking. seA|, Bah, 91 4b} EH. Let’s work without playing around. This pattern -%] "42 is followed mostly by imperative or propositive forms, whereas -%| ¢¢37 doesn’t have this limitation. Study the following examples: ofA] YA] oFa7, 12, I came without eating breakfast. Qs}4] oar, FHA Ss. I'll go without working. BE-G-A] Oka, Zk Soke, They play well without fighting. Notes : 1. The pattern -2] "342 may be used with action verbs, and the verb of existence 9Jt+, However, it usually goes with action verbs. 2. When -352 (without -%]) is preceded by a noun, it is used to express rejection of one object, in fovor of another. Study the following examples: o| 7b Sal, The A elo'S 9 Don’t you have something else, besides this one ? Ty ta, AD ya. Give me a pencil, not a fountain pen.

Unit 32 317 DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY aA a hat Ay} gloves Arh to put on (hat, glasses) 77\ ch to put on (gloves, ring) Alc} to put on (shoes, socks) oFR} (socks) ola glasses afc} to put on (watch, sword) A. Substitution Drill APS . Aes}. VSUe, hela leech. uke] Bar lech, alo] AYsa-D gee. pS ycpes euch, o)at AS4 ch. Asha su ch, OF WLW LH KFCOND Awe ata. Vee}, B. Substitution Drill &:. _ ofa) 7} ei ak _ ofp] 7} boll] alata alle, eal AAD, Aare) Bae apAlsL AAD aS yu aaa. Oo SeWD ND . yo] Sssta ade. . ao) AzEdta Adc. op 2|7} Aes =H ANA] ut. ao} y7} Bas eo aalct., C. Substitution Drill £. a jz} 22 Ya NSU. I’m waiting for my friend. I’m preparing the lessons. The wind is blowing. The student is swimming. I’m looking out the window. I’m boiling water. I’m continuing that work. I’m boiling eggs. My father is sleeping. My teacher is eating lunch. My older brother is reading a book. My mother is working outside. My older sister is taking a bath. He is shaving (himself), My grandfather is helping him. My grandmother is writing a letter. She is putting on a dress. Or: She has on a dress. He is putting on a hat. Or: He has a hat on. He is putting on his shoes. Or: He has his shoes on. He is putting on a necktie. Or: He has on a necktie.

318 Unit 32 leuet, euch, cae ale ol ey Substitution Drill tds 2. zal Salers, o- 4, 20] zHE Bo} s}y Halo}.2, 6. G 8. re eee A Sa Oe, Sea ae) S. 2S Eo] go Sas. m7} BabA Sz} 2, UF Bly} bay Sao} a. me]7} obs] Sze] 2, Pattern Drill eoeaN DOH SF |CYO # Teacher: H}e}°o] Ba 9g. Student: Beto] Baz 3A] eto} [o} aL | FART YB, | a) Ast go] &, . Ads WHR, AST 910] 2, | £& Aepalst 30].2., . Aho aris do bs eal gels. A at 9)o4 2, 1A 17 allo A Pattern Drill L. Teacher: H}s}°] Bat 3]9)°]2., Student: Ho] Ba 9)2] 29} e) AS+stat WU, He is putting on his glasses. Or : He has his glasses on. He is putting on his socks. Or: He has his socks on. He is putting on his socks. Or: He has his socks on. He is putting on his watch. Or: He has his watch on. He is taking off his clothes. Or: He has his clothes off. I’m dying to see him. I’m so tired, I could die. The weather is so cold that I could die. Because he keeps coming to see me, I could die. Because I don’t have any money these days, I could die. I feel so hungry, I could die. It’s raining so much that I could die. Because of my headaches, I could die. The wind is blowing. The wind is not blowing. FAIL YA Bohs, AE ZT 97) Bohs, GSD gla] gobs. ABD 3A] Bohs, 2.3 Z}o}9)} 47 ° 2] ro) APHID WA) Soha, The wind was blowing. The wind was not blowing. AssS1 917] e9ho}.2,

Unit 32 319 2. AAs}at YH, AA SIL WA) e9to] 2, 3. fSsbal 9)9}°] 8. FED YA] oho]. 4. HW7|S eka YM e, lay eka Z| eo}o} 2. 5. ES Yo aos ES Ast 7] Beste]. 6. SS Bey aaa, ee Yelar 32! ebgho} 2. 7, TES abst. Jools, AES VAs 9A) Bho1s, 8. Best UMN, BST WA) VeHol2, Pattern Drill Teacher: o}4] 4] 7} 4-74) Alyy 2. My father is sleeping. Student: °}8]2]7} 4-74) a2 AlA]2] ook, My father is not sleeping. 1. PU} Al aL AAA, ops 7} aPAlaL ALLA) eboh8, 2. 1b?) =- Ss shar AAS. #0] 2A Sb AlAlZ] gtohe. 3. BAe] AAs Ala, Bde] Ages AlAlZ)] ore, 4. de] SS ast AAS, do] RS Yat AAl7] Bors, 5. 20] w71e Ba AAA, 30] B7|E FD AAA] ors, 6. THe] Sa AAS 140] Sat AAA] eof2 7. AAO] 7A]. AALS. AAO] ZAlD AAlZ) eos, g. Alege] dats aaa. AL¥YQ0] apsL ANA]2] Fors, . Pattern Drill Memeher s2°R | Alzr 71) Al OS, My father was sleeping. Student: °}4]2)]7} 7A] a1 AA) 2] ste 2. My father was not sleeping. Laas oli els. SAP aol) eal AlA|i4] 39e1S., 2.7 ae) So Ae) do] Sa AlAlZ) 23 9ke1 2. 3. Ale Ol a AAT 8. Sudo] 2A war AlAlz] Bsrel 2, 4. FARES) SS Hola AAI, SAR o] BS Holst AlAlZl Wsrel 2, 5. YruU7} espa AAS, ofryu7} Saat AlA]Z] cF9f°1 2, 6. 1e0) VSS FED AAR, aH0] ASS FED Alla) Vote} 7. 2¥o] BS Urea AAR, ato] YS Urea AAlZ) 9h 2, 8. Bye) Area AAV, Bo) Ace AlAlzl cote] 2, Integration Drill Teacher : Vs}7] "HQ, AA Don’t work. Rest.

320 Unit 32 Student: @3}%] tat, AAIa. Don’t work, (but) rest. 1 =S 42) spa. 22. ee Hz] dy, Bie. 2. $2) pp, LIQ, 22| "Hal, evi. 3. BS Ye) eSB. Ars, =e Ye7] ta, Frys, 4. SS Of7]A) wpa, zI7IAB. SS O47]2| By, 217A, 5. Pq] wR, Goji] 2. ojz|z) ta, You 2. 6. As] Walch. 4K Ich. AAJS}A) Har, Alc. 7. APSA] FAL CH, BSA) CH, ApCFSsEA] Bal, BA] cH, 8. ME ASS Buke},) Wc. DE ATS Huts) ta, 2)4JAIc. Z| AJAlH. Integration Drill Teacher: 42] 24°98, 7'A¢ =I won’ eat. I'll go. Student: 4A] ear 7}Aalo gk, I'll go without eating. tL. ofA oF giel a. aye] .a. Olare: SF Su aoe, 2. Ast] BSR, 4ho1S. AzstAz] War Zk] 2, 3. ACB] %etoUB, Feo] 2B ACA] War Zhe] 2 4. A}oFsts] gto] 2. HEgto] S, A}CFS}A] LEAL HESKO] ae near A\AIA] SSK R. FAY OSS 2] 717] Yar oAolg, 6. ES AA) BYR, WHY, Ze 2A) Ya WAYS 7. ASA] WR, Yok, AAS}A| S$aL Yo, 8. Astspr] were] B., Zro] 2, As+s}2] ar 4Zho] 2B SHORT STORIES 1. JqA4 Shs Bade aE] A4l-7} 4bof Sto 2, 1A) eS Seah Asa Soke] & 14l-=t} to stop (doing), Expansion Drill to cease (doing) Aoy Bysta Wise, Ab Bepsea, BPE ages stn. S9HONM, 2, oh 7] vhye} xP PA] Fo] Zh} 2, aay] ofH|2]7} Vs} AALS aA WELZ) est YsO}.a ou aT

Unit 32 321 Expansion Drill opa}S ebde] seyale] Solzteul, ofajz|7} det Alay aro], Weeelz] dar 43h] 2. 3. AF BZA Salelg, 1247 Aso] US sa] Bu, Ye aay, Yes Aol] pw} g, Ald health Expansion Drill als BZA Sou, as eo) US a) Ba, Ya wy tH, Bsa 27fe]] Uwe, READING Sea SSstw Nase, aaa) ae ase} Bo}equre. aay US S Sate} a EMSU EE, UE Apap Zo] S4Iol 22 ble] zheuch, wt Sa] SS mSuch. Sake apy} Uaede AP BB A Ach 2 ope] Yop yrs, nie obits LIA AZo UB Yc} aay} US wsay Suc, Fd ola SUSdch y7} AUS qe Hoae agave ala $ aS added, ase aede" $4 beet, 7b AS UF Ble A Veuc. Arye Fo} alokal<eu ct, =A] a recording room ©] A] now +-23}t} to record = to grow old a drinking money Adc} to be young ufc to pay yA] s}t} to overeat s+2-8}t} to spend too much Z}Als}c} to be overconfident w}-2-s}t}+ to drink too much BRIEFING I was recording in the recording room. But my close friend visited me. So I stopped recording. I went to the bar with my friend to drink. We drank until midnight. My friend paid for the drinks. I think my friend spent too much money. When I got up this morning I had headache. If I drink too much it’s bad for my health. But I drank too much. Now I am old. When I was young it was alright even if I drank too much. And it was alright even if I overate. These days if I drink too much I don’t feel good the follwoing day. I think I’m overconfident about my health. I must be careful for my health.

322 Unit 33 UNIT 33 O}O| = Children BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE ofo] = children a altogether, in all 3] Sl = 1. oho] So] BF Bol 47? (About) how many children do you have? + 4 A 2. BY Upolu yujct., Altogether there are seven. = off the oldest child A} how old 33 a 3, AY = Wy} BS Are]? How old is your oldest child ? oJ ofA] 4} sixteen years old as 4a a high school tr} ic} to attend 4 Aw 4. 4 FA Ao) ea, z4]J2 WS He is sixteen years old. He is attending Salo] thu gouge. hight school now. AJA) mind, spirit, soul al ol OS 5. Alo] 7a AVAlo] 9 z]2.? If you go home, I bet you can’t think straight, can you ? A] 1124 c} to be noisy i} -9- to fight + A 6. 22, fz} Alayz) ooh e. Really, It is extremely noisy. Al S7)E dba, 4 xvJE They both play well and fight well. ah 2, USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE 1. FS WZ) oH Ss. Don’t get angry. 2. =o+s}Uc}, Congratulations. 3, Baol, Thanks for your help, (favor, aid),

1. i Unit 33 323 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES =|t+ ‘to become,’ depending on the context or situation, can have many meanings. In the context of Sentence 1, =|t} means ‘to have,’ ‘to exist.’ . ALD = 7} B 2te}-47+? means ‘How old is your oldest child?” #]2& is the superlative marker, (meaning literally ‘the first,’ ‘number one’). oH is a contraction of o}°] ‘a child, ‘a kid.’ -4} ‘years of age’ is a classifier used with Korean numbers. Study the following examples: gt AF one year old uf= 4 forty years old = af two years old 41 t fifty years old A] 4 three years old |<= 4 sixty years old u] 4 four years old <] t}Al 4l five years old oF 4 At ten years old o} “7 AF twenty years old nH = AF sone hundred years old A= 4} thirty years old But the classifier -4] ‘years of age’ is used with Chinese numbers. Study the ae = 4 seventy years old = A eighty years old 2. At ninety years old following examples: ©]4] 4] twenty years old 2A] A] fifty years old AA] A] thirty years old 3-4] A] sixty years old AA] A] forty years old AJA] 4] seventy years old u} ©] ‘age,’ ‘years’ as an independent word is commonly used, whereas °& 4] and += ‘one’s honored age’ are honorifics used when speaking to old people. Study the following examples: U°]7} BYU? How old are you? a7} BoA] 7? How old are you ?(honorific) ee7} Bolu? How old are you? (very honorific) 31-= ai @3 means ‘a (liberal) high school.’ Study the following words relating to school, which make up particularly the Korean education system. ~-4]4 ‘a kindergarten,’ which is a one year course. styl Sal ‘a primary (elementary) school,’ which is a six year course. %}a! ‘a middle school, which is a three year course. 31S 321 ‘a high school,’ which is a three year course. tH eta! ‘a college,’ which is a four year course. d] s+21 ‘a graduate school,’ which is a two year course. AJA]0] tc} means literally ‘I have no mind (spirit), This expression is used

324 Unit 33 (1) when you are distracted, (2) when it’s so noisy that you can’t think straight, (3) when you forget something completely. STRUCTURE NOTES The Particle -(0])t}: This particle -(°])t4, depending on the context or situation, can have many different meanings. 1. Noun +-(0])t}--- : ‘or something’ The particle -(°])*}+, when preceded directly by a noun, indicates a selection or an option. Study the following examples: =ojut oprjalo 2, I’ll drink some wine (or something.) Sta oly SRW Ich. Let’s study Korean (or something), Ba7)U4 Fae, I’ll eat pulgogi (or something), ABSA} 3h} 472? Shall I buy a car (or something). Wha Bolu SalS FQ, Give me a fountain pen or ball pen. 2. & + Noun +-(0|)t}---: ‘about,’ ‘approximately’ When the particle -(°])4 is used with the word &- ‘how many,’ it indicates approximation. Study the following examples: Alar Oley aero ia About how many people came? B@ dolu- 4A? About how many books did you buy ? BW Holr Yoyo] 2? About how many times did you read it ? BH AlzZbolup SHS |Ay a ? About how many hours will you study ? WSS BH Hol adds? About how many bottles of beer did you drink ? 3. Number + Noun +-(0|)t4--- : ‘more than expected’ When the particle -(°])t} is used with numbers, it indicates ‘much more than is expected.’ Study the following examples: mS SF Wolr} uo} joe. He drank ten bottles of beer, (more than I thought), 17] SB 4) Zko]uUb SHBol sg, I studied ten hours yesterday, (much more than expected), 1 AS cHAl Hojut Yok, I read that book five times. WA U4 Alu Soloj a. It’s seven o’clock already. 4. Noun + Other Particle +-t}: The particle --} can also be used with other particles, and indicates selection of place, time, etc. Study the following examples:

Unit 33 325 Alo] 27R 2 Shall we go home (or some place) ? Al out AlZzbo] 91S 7 4}, I think I’ll have time in the evening (or sometime) , Notes : This particle -(°])4 can further be used with other words, such as °#= ‘any (person),’ or the interrogative pronouns 4-& ‘what,’ 7-7" ‘who,’ etc. But this will be studied later in detail. II. The particle -&(----&)---: ‘both---and:,’ ‘(n)either---(n)or---’ We have studied the particle -= when it means ‘also,’ ‘too,’ ‘even,’ ‘indeed,’ etc. Now let’s study this particle -= in more detail. L., When the particle -& (attached to a noun or other particles) is followed by a negative predicate, it means ‘either.’ Study the following examples: ue ef Aajojg. I won’t eat either. Ale OF Ao] eg. I did not buy a book either. ALAS Ss] etoks, I don’t study at home either. 13-2 Hoy] ot AbS, He doesn’t sleep at night either. o] Ae Sz] coke, This book isn’t good either. . When there are two phrases in a row, each ending in-&, it means ‘both ---and:::,’ if the predicate is affirmative. Study the following examples: Ue AUBE Se Ao] LS, Both he and I are Korean. Me Adal, AWE 42, I bought both a book and a pencil. HE Bay, ye oe, The wind is blowing and it’s raining too. . But,:-- ----% means ‘(n)either -:-(n)or -::,’ if the predicate is negative. Study the following examples: Ut ef Jel, ARE ot Z}°72, Neither I nor he went. Or: I didn’t go and he didn’t go either. It’s neither cold nor hot. (e) Ww =i gE #2) 3a, 2aA=z =| & Neither this nor that is good. Or: This isn’t good and that isn’t good either. 7A ee 40; Lofs}2] G52, 4]= I like neither peaches nor melons. ops}a] eos. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY ¢-3]9%] kindergarten tHe] ~—s graduate school

=u] $}a2 primary school ota middle school Sta high school . Substitution Drill . Adel Guat Vola. . yl stare] tat Yok, . Sze] Gust V4. . 2S aao] cat 9°48. . HAstato] chat Wok, _ aaa] chy 9942, | Abel car Nd 8. | Bz chs Meg, Substitution Drill , SLA el gl ol ar eol ei, . Be] AF Afolo] 2, : aiabe | ee Cr ae) of 2 . Sisto | Ale Al9| 25 A= ee Aroloy 2, oie le Abele, . Lite) ope -F 4folo 2, 3e] 4 A 4Afojoy 2. g ahs ls ato eee 10: ee) Sl oS) Abel oy a. OT F&F WY eK OaND | An ie Pattern Drill Teacher: =& "}4]@)°7 8, Student: #°]U4 =}A4] A448, ARES 7H, He alors, ri a as hy mae oO FAYL, VAL, & mF ATS, IS Asap}, /2GS slo] a, alo miulo ac COSA ST We HeeBD. oft pelB © cab 4 off Unit 33 3] A} a company 2} a factory I am attending kindergarten. I am attending primary school. I am attending middle school. I am attending hight school. I am attending university. I am attending graduate school. I am working for a company. I am working in a factory. He is sixteen years old. He is twenty years old. He is twenty five years old. He is thirty years old. He is thirty one years old. He is forty years old. He is forty two years old. He is fifty three years old. He is sixty four years old. He is seventy eight years old. I'll drink some wine. I'll drink some wine(or something). apg] 7Haey a, ayo] gale] a, Sato] ae] 2. ey 3]-$-7o} 2. Fo] 7PM} A, astubo] Up wh Palo] 2, 0] dol} a zapaloy 2. Bo] spaoy.2,

Unit 33 D. Pattern Drill Teacher: @ A}e}o] 9 4J°42 7 Student: @ A}eto]u} 2430] 2 7? AS AVI} L7 W(S) YoAoys ? FE BY wpa? al APAO.2.? We BA cans? wo] BAF ¥JQho} 9.9 BAZ; BP apBo} a 7 DP Bw lop 2.7 E. Pattern Drill OT FFWYeAND H}ALo2, wg, of of, oj ha Sa & SN ATR ONEua BhoN ne fe otwae eu ox es ic ko foe oe l% SyWea AL, F. Pattern Drill Teacher: %4oj]] 4]Zb°] 98. Student: ™74eo]ut A}Zzbo] 4 fe} _ Alo) ZbALeh, _ a) WAN, | gaaa] By] eh, _ faa) 7} A} cH, Ya) Sch. | Rfe} A) zbo] 101.2, Boj] 2} BAS, oO FPWHLTCOND sabi] Zbl Ch, How many people came ? About how many people came ? B dol Alea? B Ho] 3]2go} 2.2 AES B wolyp vple2? aS BAG Apo} 27 gS 8 oly cae? g Ato]uy s]glo} 2? Be Alzbe)U Bpspe} 2.7 ab BAY 9]0}.2.2 I drank ten bottles of beer. 327 I drank ten bottles of beer, (more than I thought), ed A)zbo}y SH BO}.S. EHAl wlo}uy gyedoy 2, PHS F holy s}919 AS 2 Hol 4h] a, So|S A olf Aho] 2, chal eh 72 ttel a. tA feo]up 2A 2, Rea AE = Uo]tt Vk, I'll have time in the evening. I'll have time in the evening,(or sometime). aa Arch. Spo Al eh. gale aby, opaoluy 7} Balch, soy Syd, ube} a]zte] glo} 2, AW ol}f St BAS, Abou 3b] ch,

328 Unit 33 G. Pattern Drill aon Oo WONwKEOF dete Fee, Slade Teacher: G= 442 HAR. I also ate lunch. Student: US WA4)2 4) 29t I didn’t eat lunch either. 2, AUS ALO}, ANS APA] MESORL, US APRICOTS, UE ALS BEA] gtOVS. ARES ab9h0] 2, ales 27] okol a. YE TBS Bayo}, YE AES Aas) Vsto1s, ABE Soper sg, ABE $o}sp7] Sshe].2, 0] AS Fehrs, o] AS $2] tops, AAAS SER, AAAS SHA) Boers, | Aba S Zh], SA] 7EA] B9hO] 2, Integration Drill Teacher: A= 4to72, AME 4o]g, I bought a book too. I bought a pencil too. Student: AEA, ABE tole, I bought both a book and a pencil. Bpst te see] 2 tbe S83 HE Bal, we He, 2. ° qede FPsT, Flee z ee oe eee al eae errant, 9 Slime yO] ite Sees 7) oe, ae se BO] a. Ate le ee See Ol al lat, WA| = Ao S. 2 es qlee sta, See Ue, Wis Jud, dee Bud. HS Alsat, AS et, . s7|= Ve, Me ate, S7|= sta, WE Ue, Integration Drill Teacher: t}% @F Zfo78, GHE of 748. I didn’t go either. He didn’t go either.

Unit 33 329 Student: UE et 7}az, THE et Zo} ge. Neither I nor he went. 1. AZIE BYR, BSE Moe, AlJZAL= Wal, BE Vk, goer Ghee] 2 OFS te eh a o7 9. let, Cosy, CFS eh aro] 2 35 He Qh HE} Slab ok gh rt, ieee op, VAL oF areicy. 2 se SF ey Se Or are rh Spiess Qt op. See Segre ey 5. Alzre ek A[zJuch, ofS OF 2] A] r] TH, A\ Are, SY AZ| as. Srp ee eh Alege 6. = ct adc, Beye ot Fguet. ek ot splat, Bae et gud, 7. Siete Ch epee hes te Sesh] ct, Gee riiopmyecereis Sb Re] tt, 8. L24)= Ve. S27J= Bede, LAE. Wal, S27\= BeEret, SHORT STORIES 1. ola) Yo AP ap. AF aa) BE BAS) Hay Alo] Soh2u7} A HA) Boys, Expansion Drill a yoluy u}o} 2, = = (eo) a1, 2. AES UF upah| 4] Zhe AY Fol] 4]Zzro] WS Al et a AAAS 4st She 1c, Expansion Drill Ae UF Bbw] 4]Zbo] Hd, a4out 2]zbo] WS A ouU7, 2 Wo] AGE 4a Ashe #4) ch. 3. alspat B47] eBoy O77) ee eo ele 7. eo) nh, my,

330 Unit 33 AR0] ek LUA, FAH 7d g. Expansion Drill APSA U4 HSY7] ae, Y7)A| TRS HF 4]Zb]Y4 7S, ao] ek QA, FAY 7pAola READING Ate Ze] weds, 7e] wa Vato HL shes) slol.z wo} Sar}, ey} wy yyy, Abd S os (He Gate ASA, Sa OE GRY 2 ae a edehch az Ala) oS GhYS WSehe o] spay, 2 e Gaye Sea cea, ola] YU adye, aya ae Bs hy) shale! 22 Suew spehaglyc}, aa Qay]= geo] Sy, BH] Bo] Fych, 7}= a family Ait the third son oS a son Ah the eldest daughter 2 a daughter a4 the second (eldest) daughter A4}i4 ©]14 three sons and two aU] the lastborn daughters Al +8] living expenses A}it the eldest son Saya to be needed, to cost ahd the second son aw-$-8] education expenses BRIEFING I have a large family. We are a family of seven, in all. I have three sons and two daughters. The eldest son is a junior in college. The second son is a freshman in college. The third son is a sophomore in high school. The eldest daughter is in the first year of middle school. The second daughter is the youngest and she is in the fourth grade. Therefore, both a lot of living expenses and education expenses are needed.

Unit 34 Syl UNIT 34 37 A Study BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE ZS] quietly, silently, calmly, peacefully + A 1. 22a qt yas It’s time to study. Let’s be quiet, everyE> ZAL2eS P]Gg body. A} come on! A A Pe 2. AA! AS BA) By, 4 Se} Come on! Don’t look at the book, but try BA}. to listen well. y}o pronunciation Al question Et} to ask 3. ABA! Wo] aaj azo] 2, 2}F Eo] BE azo} Wee A ly Oh AS es te a) ete] 27}2.? lal] ef + a A Teacher! I have a question about pronunciation. May I ask you a question now ? later to disturb, to interfere with, to interrupt Za) Ay Uu v Please ask a question (sometime) later. If you ask a question now, it becomes a bother to others the class, lesson + 4 wl tt Sol], 217444 ~~ Then, shall I go to see you after the class is over ? anytime A ee 2 Fol] oA] 2} Do it that way. Come anytime in the afternoon.

332 Unit 34 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE 1 2. AS <= 3 °4.2., I can’t bear it. ok ¥udcy, You should not do it. Or: It won't do. ofo] AZo}! It’s a bother ! NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES #23] is an adverb meaning ‘quietly,’ ‘silently, ‘calmly,’ etc. Study the following words relating to it. 28] St} to keep quiet, to keep still #268}t} to be quiet, to be silent uSt} to make noise | 1134 ct} to be noisy ZLB) Sia, Keep quiet, please. AHS ZALES Apolo] 2, He is a quiet (mannered) person. HSA) Baya, Don’t make noise. ATLAYAA SAL. Because it’s noisy, I could die. . A is an exclamatory expression used to attract someone’s attention or to arouse one to action. It corresponds to the English ‘Come on!,’ ‘Come now!,’ ‘Here !,’ ‘Here you are!,’ etc. I ‘pronunciation’ should not be confused with 4} ‘a wind’ Az isa noun meaning ‘ a question,’ ‘an inquiry.’ 4!4¢é}t} is a verb meaning ‘to ask a question,’ ‘to put a question to.’ Its opposite word is HYstct} ‘to answer.’ Study the following examples : Aeaye £FuU7}? May I ask you a question ? Alte] Uc. I have a question to ask you. Alo] Aga FAs. Please answer me this question. . Hye} s+c} ~=6means ‘to disturb ( a person’s sleep),’ ‘to obstruct or hinder (a per. son from doing something),’ 48] (7})=]t} is a passive form. Some verbs are made passive by replacing -é}t} with -=]t}, You will study passive forma. tions in detail, later.

lt i Unit 34 333 STRUCTURE NOTES -c Irregular Verbs: Some verbs ending in a final consonant -U are irregular: (th) ‘to ask’ = (tH) ‘to hear’ 7A(t+) ‘to walk’ 41 (t+) ‘to load’ MA(ch) ‘to perceive,’ ‘to apprehend’ 1. The final consonant -t of the stem changes into -= when followed by a vowel. Study the following examples: 2° 27}2.7 Shall I ask you a question ? =0euUdc. I asked him a question. EE 250, You may ask me a question. Ss Al zrolg., It seems that he will ask me a question. OH ot HQ, You must not ask me a question. 2. But the final consonant -t of the stem is not changed when followed by a consonant. Study the following examples: Al Bh &, Don’t ask me a question. ZA Gud, I'll ask you a question. eal eo] S., I want to ask you a question. Note: However, there are -t regular verbs which never change their stems. These regular verbs are: %t} ‘to close (a door),’ 4c} ‘to receive,’ ¥t} ‘to believe,’ and others. Noun + -0j| CHaWAl--- : ‘about,’ ‘toward’ The pattern -o]] ta4], attached directly to nouns, corresponds to the English ‘about,’ ‘toward,’ ‘concerning,’ ‘in relation to,’ etc. Examples : H} 2 ol] caqAl ZF] 91942, I have a question about pronunciation. ghtnfo]] days] Bat Al 2, I want to ask you about Korean. azo] day geal FA 2. Please tell me about him. Sto] day o]ok7] BHR, We talked about Korea. o] Sato] Hay ok AE Sete. I know nothing about this school. Note: This pattern -] thal] is interchangeable with -ol] sto, making no difference in meaning. But -¢l] tHa4] is used more often.

334 Unit 34 Ill. A.V.S. +-L (2) FOll---: ‘after doing’ IV. The word = is a noun meaning ‘later’; the particle -ol] ‘at,’ ‘on,’ , in indicates a time at which something takes place. This non-final ending (2) -v ol] is used to express: ‘after something happens’ or ‘after something happened.’ Examples : S7} Bit Sol 7a 2. I’ll go after my studies are finished. AFH St Sol] zhar ALOU R, I want to go to bed after taking a walk. Vek Sol] 4A] 2, Please eat after working. AS Bhd Fol] Ao] B42, I came home after I met him. Astet Sol] QA} 2, Please come after you phone. Se Fol] Zo] 2. After I heard it, I went (there), a ARS A Fo] AGS 4B)]cH. Let’s eat supper after buying that book. s}at 0] °f7) et Sol] |A]S Bo] I did my homework after I had talked fo} with him. 1. The pattern -t (2) ol] is interchangeable with -v (&) th ol], making no difference in meaning, (See Unit 25, Structure Notes III). 2. The pattern -L (2) el] is used always with action verbs, and the subject of the two clauses can be the same or different. 3. The tense and/or negation is expressed in the final (main) clause, not in the dependent clause with -t (2) el], Study the following examples, and note particularly the tense of the verb in the final clause. SET Fol] Bet, I rest after studying. BRS Soy Adee. I rested after studying. SHS Fo] AAs, Ill rest after studying. SHS So] 42] Haque, I won’t rest after studying. 4, -. ol] is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -& el] is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. Interrogative +-(0|)2}&---: ‘-ever it is,’ ‘no matter—it is’ This pattern -(°])2}%, preceded by an interrogative word, (e.g. “---, Al, +7, tJ), or an interrogative phrase (eg. JL A, YL BH, BS oO: o} LK yall ait To Ae, BH, B24), YH A), corresponds to the English : ‘—ever it is,’ ‘no matter (what, who, when) it is,’ ‘any—at all.’

Examples : TTAE AHS, AAete So}, THE AAS. olcjehs ze] 7hat Alo] a. oj: Boleke B+ sled, PE MO|EE apo} a. Bo eES Waohg, B aolehs ch apo} a, o]a oleh Mabopa, avjehs $o}s, Unit 34 335 Anyone at all will be fine. Any time at all will be alright. No matter what it is, I’ll eat it. Wherever it is, I want to go together with you. No matter which person it is, he can do ie No matter what kind of book it is, P’ll buy it. No matter how many there are, it will be fine. No matter how many books there are, I'll buy them all. No matter what kind of thing it is, it will be fine. Any amount at all will be fine. The interrogative may be followed by any of the particles, such as -++=| ‘from,’ -o]41 ‘from,’ -e] ‘to, -elA] ‘from.’ Study the following examples: o]co AEE At Spo} a2. Spa yebS Wels. B APPEL EE aaops, TT eee el) AS No matter where it is from, we must buy it, (and bring it here). No matter who it is from, borrow it. No matter what time it starts, it will be fine. No matter who it is, ask him. The interrogative may be followed by A.V.S. + -°}(-o], -°4)S, ie., INTERROGATIVE + A.V.S. + -(-9%, -°4)%, The sequence has a generic meaning, rather than an interrogative one. Study the following examples: ray She eal io} 2. Fe US He Ht Ha, ojrjo] 7}= 4+ Wok. Aa] SAE AWWA, YHUS MMe s, oj As AE HAS, TEE BOLE HANS, vu ° Tames Whoever comes, it’s alright. Whatever job he does, he does it well. Wherever you go, you can buy it. It doesn’t matter when(ever) he arrives. Whomever I visit, it’s all the same. No matter what I read, it’s not interesting. Whichever book you buy, it’s expensive.

336 Unit 34 DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY #28] 3}ct} to keep quiet Z23}t+ to be quiet Alt} A. Substitution Drill apie ais, Ape ae SF WwW OAaNIDN eal ae as to load = Te Wt Fads, =e BU Wt AH1k. aS At |el2. AS At Heels, 7} EYAL, RNa Page os ales B. Substitution Drill WH LOO F ND OF wa > Ww _ERehE Males aabor.g, , Boje agora, cee Alebs oa 2 ia aolese = » Sl eee al tole. 3 BO}L, al Bohs, ABH, Aor s, BR Hee AAR, C. Substitution Drill il 2 awesba, de abe) y al7} HUG ° oF ES 5) tt, ,’ . Alte -+, c} CHE Aa] a7} _ 2, THe Areata] Hey7} BU AVaete] Hest 7} 7itt =—s to walk 7H Gc} to perceive, to apprehend wor to believe It’s time to study. It’s time to roast the meat. It’s time to boil the water. It’s time to boil the eggs. It’s time to eat supper. It’s time to fight. It’s time to stop that work. It’s time to make money. Anyone at all will be fine. Any time at all will be fine. Anything at all will be fine. Any place at all will be fine. Any hour at all will be fine. Any kind of book at all will be fine. No matter which person it is, it will be fine. No matter how many there are, it will be fine. If you ask a question now, it becomes a bother to others. If it’s noisy, it becomes a bother to others. If you cry, it becomes a bother to others. If you laugh, it becomes a bother to others.

Unit 34 337 5. Sa, ce obeteta) uh} ag TH, 6. HS yea, Ge bebete) yp a7} POH. 7. €& pA GS Aha) BRI} guy, 8. 2 SH7H che 4S ete] Bt ay gc. Pattern Drill Teacher: 2+¢le] £9] 2. Student: 24¢e] 22] 9kstoj uy - Apel welihe) B. ee ee ; eo eels. ¢ MESKO}S., OF WY KF NO Pattern Drill If you make noise, it becomes a bother to others. If you smoke, it becomes a bother to others. If you drink, it becomes a bother to others. If you go in now, it becomes a bother to others. I asked him. I didn’t ask him. Aol lz] Bgkels., =A] Beds, zie] a2] eho} 2, MAA) B9h0}.2., A) 29ho1.2., aA) B12, & a7] ] ste, Teacher: 977-7} But tol, 72. I'll go after my studies are finished. Student >. 2747} Zt Fell, Zils. I’ll go after my studies are finished. 1. 412 et che, Azhar 41°42, ALB Et Fel], zhat 41°42, ae ar el, Ale] 44] +t. AHS Bhd Fo], Aol 44). 3 ASteh Ete oll, 7 441 tt. AlS+et Fol], 7+ #4144. 4, 2 US Al cso], A41S AAAS 1 Us ual Fo], AAS HUNZ 5. Beat Sol], TAs BEG Fol], STIL, 6. Al to], a4Fo] 144) Bsroq a. 34] So], 4o] 44) stoi 2. 7. 2S BY del, 242.

338 FAS BW Fol, L772, 8. Yet sel], Hate] 44] tH. ae Fol, Aste] 4b] eH. F. Response Drill 1. Flo] Marl Aare] WL 2? 2. THe] WayA] Ba Boye? 3. tel] HayAl ook] sp 2 ? 4. Fel] Has] SBA ? 5. Aol] Hala] BSA 2? 6 Alo] ayAl B+s}44°] 2? 7 Ho] aA ta 4272? 8 J Sto] Haz] SLA 2? G. Response Drill a 2&|r rlye Teacher : Unit 34 ol] HayA, Ae] Blk. aayeto] WaAl al 410] 2. Alel] Halal o]ok7] a2. H} So} Wee AA Ae] Aaya Solu gk] 2, o] Save] aA] BEA] 8. S Us Aol] HeaAl Weel s. Al_o4 Abel] Hay Al ekat 4042, aa Sst] Hal SUMd2, wololepE BEA] Moya? Will you eat it no matter what it is? Student : A opmee= Saels, Yes, I'll eat it no matter what it is. _ lee 7p] Be} 2? SPE dF oa? | Be Aolepe 2p] Ae}.2.? oj Bo]ehE wh}A] zo} g 7 B yeES alabopa 7 _ aaetE 2 ean? oa aojete spyjaoya? OH FSF WWLOOoAaND Sp Paeee Fo] BHAL2 H. Response Drill Teacher : a], lclehe 7Haoy.2, a], EpekE YF glo} g. a], ES BolehE Apo} a. a], Oo]: BolehE Uhp Ao} s, a], BEES WAo}.g, a], daleke 2 + lola. a], 1a Moles spo} a. a], EERE Zo] a, ~~ olrjo 7a APE glo] 2.7 Where can I buy it? (lit. If I go to what place, can I buy it?) Student : o]rjo] 7H 4b F Qloya, Wherever you go, can buy it. Fe Ys sa 2 sH27 +7} 2al Wes] zel2 7 4-1-2 ai za] 9)°o] 2 ? SEE Boba WI F lela? oO Ww LtKF> cjg AS g]on) au)glo}a 2 Fe Us qe tw da. 7; Se BtespAo] 2, AS B= an} 961 2. & Hopvt= ws | UU, AS HUE A] Q4 2, Bo} U0 es + o}q

8. FAS Yow ve] S7a 7 FAS ole yslo]s, _ 4 Yao 7H AU? oj ale] 7h ad, SPD SHA ALS AL? PPD BPE Mgohs, Pattern Drill (Review) _ yay _ AHS] Teacher: 270] 2]"t, of Abas, It is good, but I won’t buy it. Student: 271°] Soke, ef Afalol gs, Even if it’s good, I won’t buy it. . AMsAlet, 7hlel a, HAAS, 7g, . be] ERs eh, AIC, 3H0] EHH=, APOC. | ao} Ee) gale, Bsa ye, 3¥%0] Zo] Mors, Bah yd. . Alea AE, 4rerer SPUiet. A\neYS, Bobok Bch, _ esta Als}yt, e}r] Bale 2. a¥aln Aas, dal] Qala, _ aXe) alaspzjet, 22S Hols] oFoHR, a¥0] AAAS, TRS Hobs) Gops, uk, Fo] BA, o]ARaS, So] BAIS, wala, Babs) go} Abo] ope, Babs) go} os SHORT STORIES bis LHe ato] aa] char Ale} 2. sary alpabe] Bo] sted 2, aay} a0] Sto] aayAl A kz) Bolg. Expansion Drill Le Sto] dala] tar 441, alee] So] Rezle, Stato] ar) 4 tz] BH a, 4-90] But Fo], AYAS otstol 2, ee Alay aoe Ala, aA, AAYYo) Sohal AH), 7IHWWS. 339

340 Unit 34 Expansion Drill Yo] Bt Fo] AYYS Aopztedl, Age] a AAA, al Ayo] So}2Al a7], 7Ic}wo].2. Be Arey eet oe Sl Oke 2AU7 Ags) Big, A|Zbo] YO, Agel 7141 Arig. Expansion Drill 1 AS of Bol HE AR QOuU7, Aga}s| Ba 2) 2h] 2H, Adel 7H Ari. READING 22 He]o] UA Bos, aay ye APSS ZMeia, & Se Wb Be US Hoja, Laz we) BAlS ep Aya) 3 2, PSS Bld] Soya, S Bawa, Ay Wz Hoya, uj7} Ave APSL ss Abebso}gloja, sep} gaye Foes ty Seols7] Are], Bav7lS AlAs. Alo B27] 2 AP} Yqloja, AYS Ye Fo], Fao] Aeojs, asp A AMIYBAYR, Ao] SHLY7 VBR, ve sz Zz a O12, okey uf to give (a person) a treat S| Ale foreigner © 22+ bel] after a long time A| 7) c+ to order Aly Korean restaurant AO] A three of us 3h] Korean food 2 Qltt five portions BRIEFING Today class finished early. Therefore, I invited my friends (for a treat), I took a taxi for the first time in some time and went downtown. We went into a Korean restaurant. It was a little crowded but we decided to eat there. Those friends whom I had invited were foreigners. But they liked all kinds of Korean food. We ordered pulgogi. Three of us ate five portions of pulgogi. After eating supper, we went to the theater. The movie was very interesting. When I returned home, it was 11 o’clock. I was so tired that I went to bed immediately.

UNIT 35 Unit 35 341 ab Al Korean Food BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE SsbA) Korean food y A A . Als ate] 2 Yo] 9) ©7822? Have you eaten Korean food before ? oz] many times = = LEAD: 1 2], HH 7 4 pho] -95 Sure. I have eaten it many times. oj] what kind of + 4 8 ofa SsbA] So}sp4] 2 ? What kind of Korean food do you like ? 4-0] 0] = 2] any kind of, whatever it is x 2 . Ae Folo]=xz] ch 4 Helg, leat any kind of Korean food well. Q] A] Japanese food a 2y, Y= Soke} 2? Then, do you also like Japanese food ? wh, so, so much, to that extent, (not) very much gies sometimes 5 = o]A) 2. 3a ZolLsLZ] otolL gs I don’t like Japanese food very well. c = ae oS o 1s : - : 3241} 72 B22 7H OP] But I sometimes (go to) eat it. 9) 4 9 PA a1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE _ 3} 2] opal] 2, Don’t joke! oy ztal} Halo] s., I'll think about it. Jy] 2] opal] 2. Take your time. Or: Don’t be so hasty.

342 Unit 35 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES . 3H] ‘Korean food’ is a contraction of %+ $4]. . oz] 41 means ‘many times.’ 42] is a modifier which means ‘various,’ ‘many,’ ‘several,’ ‘diverse,’ ‘manifold,’ etc. When the classifier -41 is used with Korean numbers, it indicates ‘times.’ Study the following words: oJz] 7}A4| ‘all sorts of,’ ‘various kinds of? oz] 4 ‘many days,’ ‘several days’ oj2] t+ ‘many months,’ ‘several months’ ojz] 44 ‘all of you,’ ‘ladies and gentlemen’ aaa one time oJ4] HW six times =H two times a+ 4 sseven times A] ‘three times oJ5] 4 eight times yy 4 four times o}S 41 nine times ' c}4l Hs five times aH ten times Les . U} means ‘all,’ ‘everything,’ ‘everybody, ‘everyone.’ Its synonym is E-F, Study the following examples: 9-2] Alo] ch (H+) ZF 8. All three of us went (there), ud (e->-) $8, All (of us, of you, of them) came. te (BF) Ho] Alc, Let’s go altogether. ae ty (27) Welk. I’m all done. . U4} means ‘Japanese food.’ After diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan were normalized in 1965, we have begun to call Japanese food @4J, Before normalization, Japanese food was called 9} 4], STRUCTURE NOTES The Sentence-Final Ending -L- (2) Qo] Qict (gict)--- ‘(someone) has ever (never) done (something)’ The sentence-final ending -v (2) 2°] 9jtt (gict) is used only with action verbs, and refers one’s past experiences. Its literal meaning is ‘the experience (the act, or fact) of having done something exists, (or doesn’t exist), ’ Examples : Aas 4ta] B Yo] glove? Have you ever eaten Korean food ? a], Yo B Yo] goa, Yes, I have eaten it.

IL: Unit 35 343 of] 2, Ho) B ajo] gjoj ge. No, I have never eaten it. u)sFe]] 7} B Ao] Qhoaje ? Have you ever been to America? e], 2)sFo]] 7} B Ge] gol a. Yes, I have been to America. ofp. e, also] 7} B Uo] glo} se. No, I have never been to America. AES Fit Sep gle is. 7 Have you ever met him? Lee SAF Pes) ofitgy>] 2 | Yes, I have met him. Of = Sas ahah S10] S101 2. No, I have never met him. Notes: 1. The tense is expressed in the final verb 9it} (or Qt), not in the main io verb with -t (2), Study the following examples: A\7|A| Get do] slog, I’ve worked there. AZ7\A UA Wo] goa, I had worked there. A\Z\A| Wet Mey Boje] Sy I had never worked there. . ~-L Yo] gjtt is used after verb stems ending in a vowel; -~- Yo] g)jctt is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. Irregular Verbs: Some description verbs ending in the final consonant -@ are irregular. w2F (th) to be red o]2 (tt) to be like this s}e#(tt) to be white 14 (tH) to be like that 4 (ch) to be yellow Al (tt) to be like that (over there) 7B (tk) to be black of (tt) how x+#(th) to be blue m2 (c+) to be clear 1. The final consonant -é of the stem is dropped when followed by the consonants -L, -=#, -u, -©, Study the following examples: dg red (adjective) WZ} 719} L) cH, (It) will probably be red. cg ee If it is red,--- mi 7} A red one (noun), . But the final consonant -é of the stem is not dropped when followed by any other consonants. Study the following examples: Hi ZF 2> 1] cH, It is red. mE ALA] FOF 2, It is not red. mAba Bae, Of course it is red.

344 Note: However, there are -= These regular verbs are: = (tt) to be good w(t) to be many &(t}) to be right III. Interrogative +-(0])=A|)- Unit 35 regular verbs which never change their stem. Al#z(tk) to be gentle 3 #z(tt) to be alright 43 (cH) to be disagreeable ‘—ever it is,’ ‘no matter—it is’ This pattern -(°]) =], preceded by an interrogative word, (e.g. 77, Al, #0], ojt]), or an interrogative phrase, (eg, YH A, HH #, FE A, | & = ag, 2 #, B Al, 94 &), corresponds to the English ‘—ever it is,’ ‘no matter (who, what, when) u ‘any—at all.’ Therefore, this pattern -(°]) =] is interchangeable with oe pattern -(°])2#}=, making no difference in meaning, (cf. Unit 34, Structure Notes IV.) Examples : PEA] AoE, AAA] Sorg, Boo] EA) Yasue, oO] Boer] BF soys, Be Mo)Er] aphey.a, BEA) wWabops, wo] Ez] uF Abiola, Anyone at all will be fine. Any time at all will be good. No matter what it is, I’l] eat it. Wherever it is, I want to go together with you. No matter which person it is, he can do it; No matter what kind of book it is, I’ll buy it. No matter how many there are, it will be fine. No matter how many books there are, Ill buy them all. No matter what kind of thing it is, it will be fine. Any amount at all will be fine. He eats anything at all. Any hour at all will be fine. The interrogative may be followed by A.V.S. +-= 4], i.e., INTERRO GATIVE + A.V;S. Fae The sequence has a generic meaning, rather than an interrogative one. Study the following examples: +7} QE] ABO}A, Te De Se] 2 ae. Whoever comes, it’s alright. Whatever job he does, he does it well.