Unit 25 245 won't do’) ; or the negative imperative form -%| "%t} ‘Don’t do.’ Study the following examples: IAS AR 2qGuU7}? May I buy it? IAS APA of Buc, You must not buy it. AAS A) Bp 2, Don’t buy it, please. AALS APA] Bok 2, Don’t buy it, please. (polite) 2. In denying permission, the obligatory pattern -°}(-°], -o4)° 3}t} is used: ‘someone must or has to do something’; -4] 93°23 ¢: Jct} ‘if someone doesn’t do something, it won’t do’; or the affirmative imperative form ~(2)4]4]-2 ‘Please do it.’ Study the following examples: AIS APA] Soe=E SHU 7}? Is it alright even if I don’t buy it ? AALS Afok Sf 4 cH, You must buy it. AAS APA] 92H of Buc}, You must buy it, (lit. If you don’t buy it, it won’t do), AAS AIAI2 CPS). Please buy it. 7S AR FAJA]L. (AE FA2). — Please buy it. (polite) Notes -o}%& is used after -°} and 2; -o]% is used after any other vowel ; -oJ © is used after é}-, or the stem of the verb é}t} ‘to do.’ II. The Obligatory Ending -0}(-0{, -04)Of S}C}---: ‘must,’ ‘have to’ There are several ways of expressing obligation in Korean: i.e.— “someone must do something.’ One of the most common ways is the use of the pattern -°} (-o], -0})°ok 3d}c}, It may be used with any verb, and indicates obligation and/or necessity. Examples : ad Spaok eh, I have to study now. AAS SoH efor Sh 4et, 0] HS QYojoe A yxh, 370] Sook Bt. 70) azalok Beh, =o] glojok Hye}, eel paelejer sth) t. You must forget it. I have to read this book. It has to be good. It has to be clean. You must have money. It has to be a pencil.
246 Notes: Unit 25 1. The tense is expressed regularly in the final verb 3}t}, Study the following examples: ajo] 7hok HU eh, alo] 7hok BU. Alo] 7hok spas et, 2 examples : Alo] 7hok BUH, Aol] 7+) eeohok Bc, Alo] ot 7hok Buc, Alol] 7+] Brofok Sh U]rt, 3 I must go home. I had to go home. I’ll have to go home. . The negation is expressed regularly in the main verb. Study the following You must go home. You should not go home. You should not go home. You must not go home. (stronger) . The rules for attaching this ending to verb stems are the same as for -°} (-oJ], -4)= of this Unit, S.N. No. I. Another way of saying that ‘someone must or has to do something’ is to use the pattern -%] 9°14 9} =|c}, The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘if someone doesn’t do something, it won’t do, (lit. it doesn’t become),’ or ‘unless someone does something, it won’t do.’ Examples : SPs}7| FOH ek Yuet, Js Alss I have to study now, (lit. If I don’t study now, it won’t do.) I must read this book, (lit. If I don’t read this book, it won’t do.) I must go to school, (lit. If I don’t go to school, it won’t do.) 0] AS ez] God ek quect, shade] 7}2] od ok Puc, Notes: The tense is expressed regularly in the final verb =] t+, Study the following examples : 7}A] 2H Ok YU I must go. 7yA| HOA ek Sect, I had to go. 7HA] GOH of FAGudc, I'll have to go. These pattern -°}(-¢], -o4)°oF s}t} and -2] 9° et =|c} occur frequently as strong negative replies to questions which ask, ‘Is it alright (even) if I don’t:*:**: ? (See this Unit, S.N. 1), Study the following examples: AALS ARA] SOHE SHU}? Is it alright even if I don’t buy it? AAAS Afok Buch, You must buy it.
Il. Unit 25 247 AAs AP] Gow, of Puc. You must buy it, (lit. If you don’t buy it, it won’t do.) To deny obligation, i.e.— ‘someone need not or does not have to do something, ‘the pattern -%] 93o}= <tc} is used. It means ‘even if someone doesn’t do something, it’s alright.’ Study the following examples: AIS Afok U7}? Must I buy it? AAS ARA] Stoke SHuct, You don’t have to buy it, (lit. Even if you don’t buy it, it’s alright.) Other ways of expressing obligation will be studied later. A.V.S. +-L (2) GSol---: ‘after doing’ The word t}-3 is a noun meaning ‘later’; the particle -o]] ‘at,’ ‘on,’ ‘in’ indicates time or place. This non-final ending -u (<-) t+? 4] is used to say ‘after something happens’ or ‘after something happened.’ Examples : SH} 2 oo], 7A. I'll go after I finish studying. AL HSE cho], zhi 4/942. I want to go to bed after taking a walk. Wet creo], as. Please eat after working. aS Bt cee], ae] stele. I came home after I met him. Al Spek c}Fel], LAs. Please come after you phone me. AAS Se Heel], 742, After I heard it, I went (there), = AW -S- AL THZoj], ASS Hale}, Let’s eat supper after buying that book. 13-3} 51 0] ok7] St tH ol], =+A]=S eB I did my homework after I talked with oO] 2 him. 1. This pattern -t (2) t}< ol] is used always with action verbs, and the subjects of the two clauses can be the same or different. 2. The tense and/or negation is expressed in the final (main) clause, not in the dependent clause. Study the following examples, and note particularly the tense of the verb in the final clause. AB St col] ArH. I go to bed after taking a walk. AAW et U-Sol] AUCH, I went to bed after taking a walk. AV St c}Sol] zbaeu ct, I'll go to bed after taking a walk. AL St cfSol] azb2] Mase rt, I won’t go to bed after taking a walk. 3, -vL t}oc]] is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -.. t}2cj] is used after verb stems ending in a consonant.
248 Unit 25 4. When the subject (of the dependent clause and the main clause) is the same, and the verb of the dependent clause is 7}t}/-2-t} or their compounds, this pattern -u (&) t}¢el] CAN’T be used. See the following examples: Uy7t Zo] ZF ceo] 2423}A¢] (never used) a, U7} Ajo] 7A, 4h shalo] 2, V’ll go home and study. (This pattern will be studied in the following Unit). DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY ay=-s}t} to be happy =ystt+ to be unhappy, to be unfortunate to be thick (paper, book, etc.) 74 A. Substitution Drill sO 7 Ete al] 7} 7? Bese $Gu7}? We Se? Bohs SHU? ’ Zo} 9] qe 2 3-UJ 7, ? : aq £47? Bele taht , oye SGU? B. Substitution Drill Slo] weyoR Sfr]rt, ard sok eu] ct, zbok ah] ch. aloe AT}, at Atak Ach, AShofo Sr ]ch, Alea okch, . Ale Aiptek Bc, C. ale Drill He] Bed & ge, yon dg |rlotlo |riallo ttlo plo fee Blo eo leun [qo H at ito Es |nulo : 25 oy N ~ H ; : pe qo| [ad pa | =. id CON DD OH SFWCLTO oft} to be thin (paper, book, etc.) Zu} to be deep oFr} to be shallow May I go in? May I ask you a favor ? May I open my eyes? May I close my eyes? May I change my clothes ? May I open the door ? May I close the door ? May I run? You have to forget it. You have to explain it. You have to take a nap. You have to exercise. You have to think it over well. You have to search for it. You have to continue this work. You have to wash your face now. You have to study. You have to read this book.
Unit 25 . ©} US he] A] 2 ef Hick, You have to finish this work. . SAS of4] CF om of Burt, You have to do your homework. 2] Fe =2| $28 ot You have to listen to his words. Uc, °o|= hz] oF Ow of Yrjc} You have to clean your teeth. AS AA) GOA of Brjrh, You have to wash this. Als BS] 2°29 ef SUch, You have to make it. Pattern Drill AON Dm TO SFWLTO FH Teacher: 2"]9)2]"1, Bar AZ] oto}, It’s interesting, but I don’t want to see it. Student: AA]Qo&, Ba AZ] etoHe, Even though it’s interesting, I don’t want to see it. ar a7 PASS a | SA7t ees ede, . YeszlRt, Seyok sya, Beye, S7Peyok yaQ : SIZ PELE ae Se ae BZ] ota ashe heheh . ADWARE 7) che] a2. Ala, 7\reY FAs eee aa eA che. ©] Bbeleai ste ese res] eet o. pel ol AySE oF SPH er. AAO) Olea Se. SSE ET Er, Oe Aay Ale eee a S| Se ees Ale ea ace. : PAIS, 7h SA) Were. 7A a ee ea ed Integration Drill Teacher: 27-7} YU. 7s. I finish studying. I'll go. Student: 247} 44 oo], 7HaGud. I'll go after I finish studying. & ch. Sas sae. & % ceo], Sas sels, Yeh, Sol7palee. Heel, Sealed, ARES 7haleUe, @ cea, Abas 7aleuc. aqur, 282 7s, A cee, 2S 7A. ageuch, ASspaedet. yo. cho], alssbad<eaudet. duck, 2 VS 2)ahsp|dc. mL oN ilfnt oef c&a fo cfo ah WE XLeho ol ttlo lo flo 249
250 Unit 25 LES BM se], 2 as 4)4sAeuet. 7. At Sed. Adee. Ast st deo, Weed. 8. BAe jr, 2¥S Hye. Ea eo], 222 whys. F. Response Drill Teacher: 2712 Afok BU 7? Must I buy it ? Student : = = AFA] oF} 2 You don’t have to buy it. 1. Ale Sok EF? Ale Sse ols aoe 2. este] FEaHok U7}? ARSE] HEs}A] Cop= AW AoHR 3. Alt WAbok HUY 7}? Als Pts} cohe Abs 4. ras Bejok U7}? Ws E24] Behe BW wes. 5. HY auok F477? ya mu) sole WoL, 6. 1 ete]] SOlok YU 7? ate] 22] ops WATS, (amg 2K) wa a Es we S| Yoke ape, 8. ©] Abo] HAok 47? o] Abo] B-P-2] cdot WTR, G. Response Drill Teacher: 271 A}%] gtoke AAolL ? Is it alright even if I don’t buy it? Student: o}-] 2, 271- Afok eufct, No, you must buy it. 1. Bess] Bohs aAeols 7 ad fe ee |) 2. WAtst2| Yoke WAols ? oft e, Srareyor SPU ch. 3. Tee] E27] Bole Wea? opel se, aes) Sloe Fe] rH, 4. £SS 37] Sole Aa ? ope{ 2; eS sor SrUiep D. Be|7}4| Wop We} se 7 abe Se aot 7bo he eer, 6. AAS 34) Sole Wola ? ofe] 2, Ale Sloper Shefer 7. |S 2] Yoke aoe ? Ofte, ol reboh Shey er, 8. rat of7Fz] woke Ato; of L, 2H Rte] afer Br] ch, H. Response Drill Teacher: 4JZ4y9Y= $Gu7}? Is it alright even if it’s nosiy ? Student: o}J2, A]m2z-$H4 °t No, it won't do if it’s noisy. uch. 1. FANE SGU? 42, FAFa et uch,
2. goles SGU 7}? oh.2, gow et Much, 3. BIS Seu}? hye, Boa et que, 4. Rope SEU7}? ohy2, Hoe et Auch, 5. Bae $Gu7}7 U2, Balsa e gud 6. Bld SHU? 2, Balasa g4qf 7. APMIS SEUH? 2, hPa et Wu ch, 8. Hols Seu}? oh2, Wa ek Puch, SHORT STORIES 1. YA) oF a 21 ele 2247 AF 4x] SoHE Wao s. of A ALZE Fel) wpa a. Expansion Drill of7)A] OF St AZ Ael7] qo], 27 B44) toh Ao} 2, OF Al AlZzE Sol] tp 2. Expansion Drill AAS Yat AYE UF O87] Atoll, teas Set cel qoy2. oo} ude AS F US A Pobs., 3. Ala Alle 7h AWeohe, et Ay Al7FA] 4 7J el) Stok BU cH, 147] You o] US BI = Wels, otherwise Expansion Drill Ale Alo] 7H AeA, Al 417A) Zo Stok HU, 2S Ae 2 Oe ee Od READING 6-25 E8t wo} ojop7iaych, WHS AeA awed, 2 ay] Bele 7s SS ge] 7epasuch. Yebse] aged. Bele GE Aye] Eo] BAasueh, ol F Sule] Ae as} lagu, 2 ate Aadeuc. Peale a aS vbpe] whe
252 Unit 25 Yep, zeae) ZH} v7} be) AlzsUC} Bale] oa + Bh aeuch, wal Sede} Vas. Pele a Srey] Waa of7] 2 eoleuth, To] Sa who] Basch, ot +S ALAS Ut, 2ae] HS go] S wo] oh AS Aas, aa # ale a] 22 Wag a oe ys wt FASC. at ko] Bl Basu, 6°25 =#t The Korean War 7}c}7} when she was going (1950-1953) EAs (not) at all, ©] °F7] a story by no means hal a husband op) fortunately A-LE} a battlefield St}z] a stone bridge Al AfS} cf to be killed in action a] (ej 24) under, underneath of 7] S #c} to give birth to achild Wc to cover (with) 9 a day oH-AlE 9c} to have nothing AEA Christmas AZ] oneself, one’s (own) 9 sfc} to be necessary Hic} to take off ©|-— =u] neighboring village Aba to shield Al }c} to be familiar (close) + B}# cold wind 2) A} a believer =] exceedingly, awfully BRIEFING This story takes place during the Korean War. Her husband was killed in action on the battlefield. The day for her to give birth to their child was near. It was Christmas. She needed someone to help her. There was an intimate friend in the neighborhood. The friend was a Christian. She went to see her friend. But while she was on her way, she began to go into labor. She was not able to travel further. Fortunately there was a stone bridge. She gave birth to her child under that stone bridge. It was snowing and windy. It was a very cold winter. There was nothing with which to cover the child. So she took off her own clothes. She protected that child with her clothes. The cold wind was blowing hard.
Unit 26 253 UNIT 26 Stuy Cigarettes BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE DLA] of] 24 in the classroom a) a cigarette x -$- to smoke y A a 1. DAWA Gis FAIE May I smoke in the classroom ? A AO}L. 2 x] -9-1] if you smoke ok We it won't be good Hvietio = 2. of 2, 47]A) Z4-3 of HR. No, you should not smoke here. Bol] U7bA] a9] 2. Please go outside and smoke. AZ for a while Snot aa Sle ee ee are o] Then, I'll go out for a while and then 2 Alo} g come back. = soon + a class, a lesson A] Zto}c} to begin Zi Sle AoA ee AS. Set Please do so. However, we will begin FAS AlZts}Ao 2g. class very soon. A] 243-7] Alol] before it begins So} 27] 2 I'll come in + A A 5. $AS 4) 4s] Aa =] I’ll come back in before the class begins. SA 2, USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1, Rees It’s good to see you again. 2. 2A) uz] ofoh ea, It’s not that bad.
254 Unit 26 3, Up ZHEO] of vfol]] & It’s not my fault. A, Be) Ces It’s unbelievable. Or : I cannot believe it. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. =] means ‘cigarette.’ Korean cigarettes are comparatively popular with foreigners because of their taste. They are exported to foreign countries a great deal these days. Traditionally, it’s rude for young people to smoke in front of their fathers, superiors or old men. Middle and high school students are not allowed to smoke. If they do, they are punished. z]-}-t}, depending on the context or situation, can mean, (1) ‘to smoke (a cigarette),’ (2) ‘to burn,’ ‘to kindle,’ (3) ‘to emit (a scent),’ ‘to send out (an odor),’ etc. Study the following examples: cus 3-3-2] aha]. Don’t smoke cigarettes. 2 yl--2] cpg. Don’t make a fire. WAS 3-9-2) =p] s., Don’t make a bad smell. 2. ©{7]A] is a contraction of 47]o]A] ‘at this place.’ Qt 2 is a contraction of ek =]o12 ‘it won't do, (lit. it doesn’t become’), 4. , depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ‘at once,’ ‘immediately, (2) ‘easily,’ ‘readily,’ (3) ‘the same as,’ ‘the very,’ ‘that is,’ ‘namely,’ etc. Study the following examples: Ale en Tah 18. I’m coming right away. HS + 942, You can learn it easily. ce ] = ao] Ab Alejo 2, This is the very thing which he bought. +-% means ‘class work,’ ‘a lesson.’ Study the following words: +-94|2 Sol] ‘during school hours,’ ‘in class’ +94 = ‘a school (tuition) fee’ STRUCTURE NOTES I. The Non-Final Ending -0}(-0j, -04)A{--- : ‘(someone) does and does’ This pattern -°}(-°], _-°4)4] is used when one subject performs one action and then a second one. It is attached directly to the stem of the first action verb, and is then followed by a second verb. This pattern -°}(-9], -o)A] regularly ends with a comma intonation. Examples : ajujel, 74, 44 sao] 7}, 2 YA s. Pll go downtown and eat supper. 4r uuBy ad £O I'll go to school and study.
= NEE io Unit 26 255 Alo] 244, 4k 2. I came home and slept. SOSA], 7] eA] 2. Please come in and wait. Hol] SOT 7}4], ©] °k7) a4] 4, Let’s go into the room and talk. o] AS 7ha|an 7}, HAS, I'll take this book with me and read it. 171 7}A) at S}A], Balojs. I’ll bring that (here) and eat it. o] AS AU, 7] Ge} 2. Please cross this street and wait. AA, WHS ys, Please stand up and talk. QeoPAl, Abra] 2. Please sit down here and eat. MofupAl, AlFwos, I got up and washed my face. Notes: 1. As you have seen in the above examples, this pattern -°}(-°], -)A] is used regularly with some verb indicating movement or change of posture in the first verb, such as 7}t}, -2t} (or their compounds), A(t} ‘to stand up,’ %t} ‘to sit down,’ (or their compounds), %°|'4t} ‘to get up,’ etc. 2. The tense is expressed in the final(main) verb, not with -°}(-%, -4)A1, Study the following examples: Stalol]] 7HAL B+ Suc, I go to school and study. sao] FRA) SAAN Suc, I went to school and studied. Sale] 7A SPsASGudect. I'll go to school and study. 3. This pattern -°}(-°], -)] is used also with action verbs other than 7} tt, 2th, etc. Study the following examples: Wzs AA #2|aedct. I'll write a letter and mail it. AHS B}Al o) OFZ) 4] cH, Let’s meet him and talk (to him), ES Holz] 4S AAA. I’ll make money and buy a house. o] a= Bopray Ay ARS 4}AoV 2. I'l sell this car and buy a new one. o]AS +A] BAalol2. I'll roast this and eat it. BOJAL Abs-A] 2. Please wash it and eat it. BAA, Abe] 2. Please boil it and eat it. Let’s compare this pattern -°}(-°], -|)41_ with the coordinate non-final ending -31, studied in Unit 13, 5.N. No I. . 1. Verbs such as 7} t}, 24}, etc., can’t be used with the coordinate nonfinal ending -32, when the subject of two verbs is the same. Study the following examples: Salo] 7}al, Ss, (never used) stale] 7A], SRSA, (correct) 2. However, when the subjects of the two verbs are different, the coordinate
256 Unit 26 non-final ending -3 can be used with the contrast particle -=/-£. Study the following examples: Ue Ao] 7h, Bee Sate] 7} I’m going home and he is going to 2 school. Ue S2}7}a1, THE Wze+2,. I’m going up and he is coming down. . If the subject of the two verbs is the same, and the verbs are not 7}t}, 2 t}, etc., the coordinate non-final ending -37 is used. Study the following examples ZHPsat AYR, I studied and slept Wa deo} s. I ate and worked. HS AT Boye, Open the door and come in. . This pattern -°}(-°], -°4)A] indicates a certain continuity from the first action to the second, whereas the pattern -3 indicates a discontinuity between the first action and the second. Compare the following minimal pair sentences. Wale WA EAs. I’ll write this letter and give it to you. Waz)\S AD EzAos, I'll give it (for example, the book you've asked for) to you after I have finished writing this letter. ES Bh+4] ©] OF7) HA] ch. Let’s meet him and talk (to him), 14-- Bb} a1 ©] OFZ) s}4] cH, Let’s meet him and talk, (the two of us), II. The Transferentive Ending -C}(7}) : A.V.S. +-C}(7}) The non-final ending -t}(7}) is attached directly to the stems of action verbs, and indicates change or shift of action. lL, When the patten -t}(7}) is used in the present tense, it indicates an interruption or discontinuation of an action. A| Ayo] 7}c+7} S92. I was on my way to the market, but am coming back. A] Ato] 7}th7} 3t°4 2. I was on my way to the market, but came back. 4| Abo] 7}u}7} SBA. I'll drop in (there) when I go to the market. SEsttch7} 4to] 2, When I was studying, I slept. GG Alo} 7 HIS. Please stay a bit more before going. ZF Quy} BA. Please go to bed after a little while. Shae] 7-E}7} DBS Bio] S. I met him when I was going to school. Or: On my way to school, I met him.
Unit 26 257 I was eating a peach, but now I’m eating an apple. I was studying English, but now I’m studying French. When I was tying my shoes, my shoestring broke. . However, when this pattern -t}(7}) is used with the past tense (-9}-), it indicates reversal, nullification, or unanticipated consequence, following the completion of the first action. Examples : Salo] Ztep7} }2, Sao] Zhe} So] 2. aL] Zhe} SEAMS. wAla] SoyZbep} Lag, BS Ary} Ao]. ALS AEH Bg} 2. AlAlz Akep} ashe} 2. I went to school and am on my way back. I’ve been to school. Or : I went to school and then came back. Ill go to school and then drop in (there), Please go into the classroom and then come out. I turned on the light and turned it off again. I put on my shoes and took them off again. I bought a watch and sold it again. . When two past transferentives are followed by a form of the verb st}, it indicates alternation. The alternatives are usually opposites, (contrastives). Examples : ALeto] akc} Sch HA, Aeto] Zee+ Bre Yk, 1%°] SS Act Art ya, 1%0] S Act Act a2, 10] £9 Sar} ye, a1#%0] FA Sat Pk, Notes: People keep coming and going. People kept coming and going. He keeps turning the lights on and off. He kept turning the lights on and off. He keeps laughing and crying. He kept laughing and crying. The subject of the two verbs must be the same ; the particle -7} is optional. Ill. A.V.S. +-7| Holl--- : ‘before doing’ The word 4 is a noun meaning ‘time before’ or ‘place in front’ ; the particle -ol] ‘at,’ ‘on,’ ‘in’ indicates time or place. This non-final ending -7] ol] is
258 Unit 26 used for the expression ‘before something happens’ or ‘before something happened.’ Examples : FyAl7] Ae] BS TIS, Stato] 7-7] Ae] 4 7]o] 22, Ab Hy] Ae) BAS 3hel-2, a¥0] Fo}.27] Aol] Aol) 7hal2, M=-st7) Aly ele. Sake S.. asp) Aa) AAS, slope] 7] ao] 2 aa, Notes: Before you go to bed, turn off the light. Please come here before you go to school. I bought it before the train left. Go home before he comes back. I brushed my teeth before I washed my face. Please eat before you start working. Give it to me now before you forget. 1. This pattern -7] ‘oll is used always with action verbs; the subject of the two clauses can be the same or different. 2. The tense and/or negation is expressed regularly in the main clause. Study the following examples: ay7| Ald] BS Bch, a7] Aa] BS Beet. a7] Ad] BS nage. A}7] Aol] BS m7) ops, Before I go to bed, I turn off the light. Before I went to bed, I turned off the light. Before I go to bed, I’ll turn off the light. Before I go to bed, I don’t turn off the light. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY = money Yc} to make (money) tt} to roast A. Substitution Drill 47}, 7\ 424] 7 2, S74) 714244 2, - 2s} 7] eA) 2. . S2pP) deg, . Way) 7] oe) 2. . Ssh 7] e742, oO SFWHNS KEa . Welsh] 7] eA 2, °]tt to boil (water) Ahr} to peel Shu} to boil (something solid) Please go out and wait. Please go in and wait. Please come in and wait. Please go up and wait. Please go down and wait. Please come up and wait. Please come down and wait.
8. koh 7) che aa, B. Substitution Drill Le CO7 (63) “OlasOO) UNS ol stat 7}2e] 2, See Ages 7} 2, Are 7hAlo| S., Yetpe a 7}Ae] 2, ea 71 Se, Spee a 71 . Mess 71s, C. Substitution Drill ys Ze 8. n]Stoj) Zhe} hg, Bsa] Ze} 9.8, . Bee Ze og, | Bebo Zhe} he, Sao Zc} 99, _ ake Zc} 9.8, Agel] Zc} 9.2, SH] Zp HL, D. Substitution Drill iy oO —- W lop) altel] Zhe} $ho] 2. chy] Ze} Bo}. oppo Zhe} sto 2, aol] Zhe} ods, wh s}aol] Zke} Sko}2., ALE ALol] Zhe} Go] 2, 7. Wedol] Zr} Stok. . Eel Bkr+ Hels, Unit 26 259 Please sit down and wait. I'll prepare my lessons and go. I'll review and go. I'll practice it and go. I'll look up and go. I'll look down and go. I’ll look out and go. I'll look in and go. I'll shave and go. I went to America, and am on my way back. I went to England, and am on my way back. I went to Japan, and am on my way back. I went to France, and am on my way back. I went to Germany, and am on my way back. I went to Taiwan, and am on my way back. I went to the Soviet Union and am on my way back. I went to the Peoples’ Republic of (Red) China, and am on my way back. I went to the market, and came back. I went to the tearoom, and came back. I went to the drugstore, and came back. I went to the bookstore, and came back. I went to the department store, and came back. I went to the office, and came back. I went to the hospital, and came back. I went to the laundry, and came back.
260 Unit 26 E. Integration Drill Teacher: W2)S AAR, HAlAol2. I’ll write a letter. I'll mail it. Student: AZz]S AA #2lalo a, I’ll write a letter and mail it. 1. TES Bhp] a, cok] sol @, aes why y c]op7]apMo a, 2. ES HAolga, Bs aoa, = ES wopAl aS spaeol a. 3. o] AS Balol a, Wy AS Apdo a. c]AS Bop] ay aS Apaeo] a. 4, JAS BAR, Balog, JAS FIA AAolg. 5. AMR, AMos, Blo} A] glo} 2. 6. Bo]aoa, Aaols, Hoyx] BA Wlo] 2, 7. ARMY, BAR, ZhopA] BAO} a, 8. atalol 2, Aaloy a. atopy] Bao} s., F. Integration Drill Teacher: 4]4to] 7}2, SEAR. I go to the market. Ill drop in (there), Student: 4]4feol] 7}c}7} SEAR, I'll drop in (there) when I go to the market. 1. ZF 4 gaela, 7p s. AF Fy ep} 7s. 2. SAols, Spspoy.a, Sept Seas, 3. BSCE ales. ASHE Bale] BoE ele} ASHE Balog, 4. 7BAIAVS, 7M, 7}ZA)EH} HAS, 5. Stays, *AMoy.a, Seay} AAs, 6. UspBys, Hs rola, Jatcp} AS Yaloya, 7. JS BAIL, Lao}2, se Urp} L2)o}.2, 8. HYsMHs, AVspwMo2, 424 aC}; ALM BELO B., G. Integration Drill Teacher: #4] 8, 22 42, Go to bed. Turn off the light. Student: 4--4]7] Ao], BS mia, Before you go to bed, turn off the light. 1. tate] 72, 47] o] 22, Sale] 7}7] Aol, o}7)o] Vag. 2. DspAQ, AA) 2, st7] Ae, Ap s,
or fF WwNoN mA Unit 26 . HWE Q, zl FAs, RoyHye]7] All, zs Fas, , LHe] Soo a, Ao] 7s, Re] SH2X7] All, Aol 72, . He] 72, AAS ape. 1°] 7/7] All], AAS Apis, . eof Meeps aU 2 =1¥#-0] Bo4u47] Alo], Brag. of?) EAs, US B42. Aso] =4s}7] Ale], US By a, ee | er ep alia, ia Sei ea] wo] Beap7] Ale], TWH] of a.2, . Pattern Drill Teacher: A}eto] Zc} Str} a] 2, People keep coming and going. Student: Abeto] 4tc} Str} Aoi a, People kept coming and going. _ SS Ar Act Ha, ES Ae Ae} Boa, LORS Th Bl 2. SEE SEEPS Ee leas . Sebatee Waster aa, Seat Act Boda, . Sart atch ae. Soe area os. j LAE RAPA SIT FHS. a¥0] Ach eksbch Bo]. IAF WA} Pols, Bart Saket ois, wc} ASC} Boys, ZS UA Wart aa, we Sart Ssttt ye. wrt Arak} as. At rf> ttlo ilo lo SHORT STORIES i. BRE Yo] M7) Weel, wVayo] a. Wy Apel) So]7H} 41940}... 2} Ye Up] ARAL} S. Be Eo] V7) Weal, YS a+ Mois. ES wor] as Abels. welo] H7|S 27] Ae, AF US A tors. . sale] 7}rpy} APS BV, a. Alfsta. 2°] epHtel] Selstel 2. ay) 27] Aare], Soak} 42. 261
262 Unit 26 READING af 2 oe 3S AWE 4 93S Aap] UdedG. 2 4 AR= ce] Doz] W7)7} FE ABS SAS. 2aA Gay o2 Wey} Beuc 2b N77} Bet So] AA WAS, eju eye o} aAt Abate] oh UVGUd. 2 Ape 2 JS eka Zoe SoeeGur, 2 A= Avs 4 zheteuc. et a7} 7hat = a7} 7hat 10d] 2D oO) SAS 2h Alay} se] Bayo daa feaeud. ade S&F Ae] Aas. re cA] gyasto) Hague, Ape o] 2A] BE lobes ch a FAG, ew ys] ALS obec} APU, Aya AAS LS woyy ojppys] ALS gol Fa Yeh, “olny Ab $4412.27” 9} the avove, on yaPAg Dal healthfully 2] U47}c} to pass by et ay one year 9] ADA} a foreign missionary @ 4 twelve years old Erte! | a voice A] 4c} to go by ujzj7} 42t} to go down and see awd a boy Zt 7] a newborn baby ALE repeatedly oyu} mom +4 ol] dst] about one’s parents = the bosom, the breast c}A] again ob7] ch to be held in one’s arms = whole, all Al] AE the world tc} all, everything. okt} to hold in one’s arms ALAS a grave BRIEFING At that time a certain foreign missionary was passing on that bridge. The missionary heard a baby’s cry from under the bridge. So he went down there. The mother held a new-born baby in her arms. But the mother had died. The missionary took the baby in his arms and returned home. The baby grew up to be healthy. One year, two years and ten years went by. This boy constantly asked the missionary about his parents. The boy became twelve years old. Christmas came again. The missionary told him everything. And the boy visited his mother’s grave. The boy was crying. The boy took off his clothes and covered his mother’s grave with them. “Mother, don’t you feel very cold 2”
Unit 27 263 UNIT 27 Set S247? What does it mean? BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE 444A because it is difficult * Ar well eS AO 2 (I) don’t know = a meaning 4+ yg ©o|Z1°] oa 9jAj, 4 B=z7Io]_ I don’t understand this well because it is 2, o]Zlo] FS He]U7I? difficult. What does this mean ? ALAN Al to the teacher 2 ja, SITIES _ AA) Bo] BAS. Please ask the teacher. Oo} any person, anyone, anybody Bid) td sence isaenice 18), ol} aiheaeh There isn’t any teacher here now. oj 4-3} cH, to practice 3] af = 2, oOKH AF Assis. Then, begin by practicing what you know. AA unconditionally 2) c} to memorize ae ee _ PasA sje] BAS? Shall I memorize (them) unconditionally ? o+7] +c} to memorize 3] al a _ ola = JOH, ob7]sA] 2. If you can memorize them, do so.
264 Unit 27 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE 1. Asp} B48. There is a phone call for you. Pi) Borne} ce PAS The line is busy. 3. 4 AAS. You got the wrong number. 4. Ste) ATES I think so. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. 3494) means ‘because it’s difficult. °]43t} ‘to be difficult’ is an irregular verb. When the final consonant -» of the stem is followed by a vowel, -¥ changes into --?, This irregular verb, ending in the final consonant -¥, will be studied later in detail. o]Zlo] F< 9}-47+? means ‘What does this mean?’ --<, depending on the intonation and pitch, means (1) ‘what,’ ‘what kind of,’ (2) ‘something.’ It occurs only as a modifier of a subsequent noun or bound form. Study the following examples : EE Yo] MISUAIN What happened ? Te Yo] VHS? 7 Did something happen ? 2. =°) BA] means literally ‘Please ask(him) and see (what it’s like), ~= t+ is an irregular verb. When the final consonant -t_ of the stem is followed by a vowel, -t, will be studied later in detail. 4. o}= A4+E] means literally ‘from the thing (that) you know.’ 2 ct} is an irregular verb. When the final consonant -2 _ of the stem is followed by the consonants -t, -#, -A, or the vowel -, the final consonant -= is dropped. This will be studied later in detail. 5. 7-71 ‘uncondition,’ besides being used as a noun, is an adverb: ‘unconditionally.’ ---, as a prefix, means ‘un-,’ ‘-less,’ ‘non-,’ ‘not having,’ ‘lacking,’ etc. 2|t+ ‘to memorize’ is a standard word. But 2]-?t}, which is a dialect, is used more frequently in colloquial speech. Its synonym is 9+7]é}t} ‘to memorize, which is derived from Chinese. STRUCTURE NOTES I. The Causal Non-Final Ending -0}(-0{, -04)A{---: ‘so,’ ‘because’ In the previous unit, we studied the pattern -°}(-°], -°)4J, which is used when the same subject performs one action and then a second one. This pattern -o}(-°}, -|)AJ, depending on the context or situation, can also indicate Cause Or reason.
Unit 27 265 Examples : Al IL29Aj, HA) oR, It’s noisy, so it’s not good. Or : Because it’s noisy, it’s not good. Ol 2A], Ho]Z] gtoh es. It’s dark, so I can’t see it. Or : Because ‘ it‘s dark, I can’t see it. HSA, AUR, I was tired, so I took a rest. SAA, 4] Vas. It’s cold, so I’ll stay at home. o}== BEA], 2 = Bde. I was very busy, so I couldn’t go. Or: Because I was very busy, I couldn’t go. 1°] SA], #9IR, It snowed, so it’s cold. Or: Because it snowed, it’s cold. =o] QA, = zo. I had no money, so I couldn’t go. Or : Because I had no money, I couldn’t go. A\Zko] BOA, Sas FS Yk, I had no time, so I couldn’t do my homework. Notes: 1. When this pattern -°}(-°], _-°})A] indicates cause or reason, it is used mostly with description verb ; the above examples are exceptions, when used with verbs such as 2c}, Qjc}, etc. . When the final (main) clause is an imperative or propositive, this pattern is not used ; instead, another causal non-final ending -(°.)t47} is used. - (©) 47} will be studied later. Study the follwing examples : #o}4j, 4b] ch. (never used) Zo}y, AHIR. (never used) SoOru7, Alc. Because it is good, let’s buy it. (correct) SoU, AVS. Because it is good, please buy it. (correct) The tense and/or negation is expressed in the final (main) clause, not in the first (dependent) clause with -°}(-°], -o4)4], Study the following examples: BSAA, ARR. Because I’m tired, I am going to bed. Bsa A, Ak. Because I was tired, I went to bed. BVZaA, aba. Because I’m tired, I will go to bed. aayr], Us) sawola, Because I’m tired, I won’t work. Sometimes, it can be used with the polite particle -2 as an unfinished sentence, or if the over-all meaning is clear from the context. Study the
266 Unit 27 following examples: oH ek 7}AL? Why aren’t you going to go? wy ayAl 2, Because I’m tired::- II. The Particles -a|A{ and -A] : 1. The Particle-alA This is the honorific form of the subject particle -7}/-°]. It is used to indicate reverence and respect on the part of the speaker for the person spoken to, or about. This particle -7]A] is used whenever one addresses or refers to a person of superior social standing: older persons, teachers, parents, priests, high officials, and so forth. It is never used for oneself. It is attached directly to (personal) nouns or pronouns, (with or without -Y). Examples : syo}Hy 2] 7A] 2S] Bs}44°12. My grandfather told me so. $27 AA AA 2 Ads. Our teacher came. HAUAA 2s FA 8. My mother danced. auAA @Al Al zroke, I think my older brother will come. SAA Use] Bak, My older sister asked me a favor. 2. The Particle -7|---: ‘to (a person)’ This is the honorific form of the particle -¢} =] ‘to,’ and its usage is the same. It is attached directly to (personal) nouns and pronouns, and indi cates the receiver of an action or the one for whom something is done or exists. It is never used for oneself. Examples : AA Al BO] HA] 2, Please ask the teacher. HAW] BHzIS AVR, I wrote a letter to my mother. au) ets} 2. Please ask your older brother a favor. III. A.V.S. +-O}(-0{, -0f) Hic}---: ‘(someone) tries doing (so-and-so)’ The word 4}, as an independent verb, means ‘to see,’ ‘to look.’ This pattern -°}(-°], -o4) ™t} is used to convery : ‘someone does something and finds out,’ ‘someone tries doing something (to see how it will turn out),’ or ‘someone does something to see (how it will turn out),’ Examples : o>] Ale 44] Bg, Please try eating this food. eAlS Hol] Hog, I tried eating Korean food. cA] Assy BA 2, Please try calling again.
IV. Unit 27 26G A142 Bh} BAS. I’ll meet him and see. 47)A) 7JOAY Bas, Please wait here and see. SHA] Ao A, Ho] 27S 2 Shall we try eating at a Korean restaurant? oj] wWslAjo] 7} B72? Which department store shall we try going to? ast we ta By Aloe. I want to try speaking in Korean. AZ| 7Z7\o] 7k BAR, Please go there now and see. AF Ste] Bo] BAloe | I’ll ask him and see. we 49 F414. Let’s open the door and find out. Ol & + negative::-: ‘nobody does:::’ ‘nobody is::-’ The word ©°}-+, as an independent noun, means ‘any person,’ ‘anyone,’‘anybody.’ It is used also as a noun prefix meaning ‘any.’ For example, o}/--2}= &@& = 9)°]2 ‘anyone can do it.” oH ste]u} Bo] HA & ‘Please ask anyone about it. o}-- a4 2] 2 ‘Come and see me any time.’ However, °}-— © is followed always by a negative predicate and means ‘nobody does:::,’ ‘no one is::-,’ etc. Examples: oe 2As Eee, Nobody knows that. oP-e 7A] Coke, No one is going. oe Aa AlofS}Z] etohe., No one wants to eat it. oe Vs] 9k Nobody worked. Oo} AAA] GS. There is nobody in the office. Oo} Sb7fs}A] FOR No one has free time. oe of ZZ] oFohR, \ No one is sick. oOo} 2S + negative means ‘nothing.’ Study the following examples : off AS 4) als. I won’t eat anything. oH AE SA] 9h] 2, I did nothing. oh Ae Afar AZ] oFohks, I don’t want to buy anything. o}F A= F4)] HAWS. I won’t give anything. of A BA) gto 2, I didn’t see anything.
268 Unit 27 DRILLS A. Substitution Drill 1. lat + Qe, Wists 2. BE + glen, Bespaa 3. AST F oa, Ageia 4. Sd + oa, aesra 5. asa = glow, asap e 6. SEF OR, SEAL, 7. Aga 4 glow, ager} s 8. AEDS GOW, EIS B. Substitution Drill - WADA Se] WAS, _ ofa ga) Ho} ways. . FAA £4 By. . Soh yA) Se] HS. . fey] Bo] Ba. . OAA] So] BAS, . SFR) eo] aS, Cs) =a oy SFSeIN . By =e Bye. C. Pattern Drill If you can memorize them, do so. If you can review them, do so. If you can practice them, do so. If you can prepare your lesson, do so. If you can continue it, do so. If you can drop in there, do so. If you can go hunting, do so. If you can go for a picnic, do so. Please ask the teacher. Please ask your father. Please ask your mother. Please ask your grandfather. Please ask your grandmother. Please ask your uncle. Please ask your aunt. Please ask your older brother. Teacher: 4]123]7) Ht], =) otoke. It’s noisy, so it’s not good. Student: A]i2e9A, #7] gohe, It’s noisy, so it’s not good. ao], 4170} 2. ail, ak 71S. Se ON Oe well, 7b) eee] By wo, Aaa, 737) Wael, 6 Orie, 8. 7) Arcell, SHUL, D. Pattern Drill Teacher: o}4{Yo] @ Alo] 2. SIO oO fF© ay Te [= rao N Student: °o}4U7A4] 244k, el], Eee] ] gop, ca be alk Bi al co WVHA, AWM2, = HA1, ob 7g, BP mEAY , ee Oye FEA], 77] B12, aa, arae, Tals oe SPAS. Ela Aly ee Oko T a, My father came. My father came.
. ope] . dpe] Ushio} 2. . OFA A) 7} COM SIRI3 Co SSO) Noe et . FP) go] Ahbs}ALo] g. a ahs Coa Bo] sta] 2 sige ke FA18, Pattern Drill io Or cRoy IJ = Teacher: °] 72 Student: °]7< tyA] ASPs} Al] &., a Ales Ata] By, . eS Why 2. - 47)A) 7) eA 2. . Ale 7H, ae + spay 2. bate asp] 2, oj = 724) 2 Response Drill near p7} BSRL U7? Ce) op EneSad Roe = Teacher: --7} 2#e}4]U 71? Student: “hie Sez] eo} fe) Eh PAU? pk RAH? 227} ACERALY TH? SE7} WeICE MALU 7h? Sat? 7b ASA A? Prk FES 7H? G. Response Drill Teacher: ~-AS 4A) aAsuU 7? What will you eat ? Student: o}- AE 42) galos. I won't eat anything. SS FMB, AAI x) YAA Pts}Ao] 2, ey alAl ae toy yA = ayaa a a al epee ohne aly sHo12, FIRS, sHlel. om 3h Please eat this. Please try this. cA] Asbo} BA] 2. Aes Gh} Ba] es. o47)A4) 7] te] BA 2, Alta 7) ANSE ete] Etsy Wig. ao] Bale we ste Bale, = 724 BAS vD ii et a A 2aloo Who studies ? No one studies. CFS 4| "aot oP Zp] go} Oo} Ace 2] oe Wace x SPP Ae s| ae te al oe a] st) Hz. H ORE ESL] ae iS fo” — 2 92 fo 5(e7 oO fox, ° ie aoe — ko G2 & fey = O° = FO fo 269
270 Unit 27 1. FAS Rory 7? obe AE lA) Palo] a 2. BAS AIMS? OMe We AA] Baya, 3. EAS AAA? OFF AE 7ZAlAl Gales, 4. ERS BAsu? oF AE a) Valea, 5. FAS AVsPlAGU 7H? ob AS ABs) BAloys. 6. TAS YOAASUA? of A A) 72, 7. FAS ESAs? oy A EF 2] B74 2, 8. FAS TEANGA? off Alle BHA) 74 2. . Pattern Drill Teacher: 3aqA,, act. Because I’m tired, I am going to bed. Student: Bay, ztasuec. Because I’m tired, I will go to bed. 1. 7b UA, 4c. 37} 4A, Zhe. 20 SA, ee eh SSqA, Bsaq7aede. 3. HA}, 4Fct. SHA, 7st. 4. HAA, at Yc. FAHAA, ct sae. 5. AAAA, Aa2gqdc., HAaAA, aac. 6. AAA), Bell 348. HAAN, Ba Vas. 7. TAHA, ot 4helch, TAAA, ot 7a ct, 8. Ael7t BoA, at uct, MAl7; BoA, ta Basu, SHORT STORIES 1, YzayA, ZA Boll 7A, Ala 7b} aL Ale} AVY Al 4 asa Expansion Drill Bear] 2A Aol 7}4] Aa Aes, AQAA A Bsa Fe, 2. 4 AM AAA we 241-48. ay] aes}z Zo] Ye Go] o}of7] ao} a, A\q BZA ove WE sta AA) Boda, Expansion Drill 74 AQAA Se] 24198, aye] asta Ze ojor7| 7] mace] 2) sealAl ob Az spa az 3. Aloha Ato} fro] 2. aay] Jol) EE ot AAS} S. Ache Ale, Spe Sa) obSreiian 2 TALS,
Unit 27 271 Expansion Drill ATS Roba, Aol o-E et AAA, 7Iche] wealeh, of HE 27) Yoho].2, READING 2S U4 Aol Solsuch, Ge yey Aeuch sede] a} ryt alae a4} Abe] AEUch Vol, WEL Ae} Sasu rh Use Ye] U7} Bec}, Belo] Sa Vasc} tell Fy a ek Se oli} Bolasuch, chee] Boke giguch Fu APSO] BE oY 7|S Boe} cise, az} ys Pe + gi leds. Wie] 0] lee BAG, ey Ge BE Be] BASU. YES PA of of 7|7} ofz]7] Fo] VS aa] B aye. Alt Fol HE RekGUCH yi7h Aaa Sei-g aw 4 Sect, 7c} to wake up cpu c} to go about StH to be noisy Her} to call ee) tl to be heard 420] git} to be useless £3 9J9itt ~=was crying qyaqd to be an infant 94°] 2] c+ to disappear mH Ad a dog house 'o}-4z] 4to}= no matter how we Akal 9)9t} was sleeping looked for him *oJG] t Hbol] of =] off7] an infant who is only eight months old BRIEFING I came back home early today. I went to bed because I was tired. I woke up because it was noisy. I heard noises from outside. I went outside. My wife was crying. Our infant who was only eight months old had disappeared. No matter where we looked for him, we couldn’t find him. All the village people went around to look for him. But we were not able to find him. We called the baby’s name. Even when we called his name, it was of no use. Because the child was an infant, he couldn’t speak. Finally we found him after 2 hours. The baby had gone into the dog’s house and was sleeping there.
272 UNIT 28 BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE st 7} AALS] HA] 5+} 3] 1 Fey, Aas Wc. #7] 5} 2. A 73 3b Cy a) 2. Age) tvs, FHS AMR ? 4| ° ine Unit 28 AAS] ZACH. Let’s Go Slowly because it’s dangerous slowly to be careful f= = Let’s go slowly, because it’s dangerous. Be careful, please. 3] to worry straight, in a straight line A =e Don’t worry. Shall we go straight ? Al u to the left to turn to the right to turn (and go) 7~ = No, let’s turn to the left. Go a little, and turn to the right. ql always to be crowded Lu = This area (here) is always crowded, isn’t it ? some, a little = i Yes, it is extremely crowded. There are too many people. 3] Le
Unit 28 23 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1. = alo} 8. Take care of yourself. 2. thale}udct, It’s good luck (fortune). 3. a AZ Sof... P’ve been lucky today. 4, 2S zAl7} Bos. I’ve been unlucky today. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. £4] 3+} means ‘to take care (with),’ ‘to be careful (about),’ ‘to take precautions (against).’ Its synonym is =2]é}t}, Study the following examples: Wes ZAsp ia, Be careful in your speech. SAIS Fl] sp] & Be careful about what you eat. Al7fo]] 2] shay] Z., Take care of yourself. Or : Be careful of your health. 2. AMS ct} means ‘to worry,’ ‘to concern oneself,’ ‘to be solicitous (about).’ Its synonyms are %9=443}t}, 4] sc}, Study the following examples: AA S}A] apa] 2, Don’t worry. AAS BAA 4A aU Ch, Thank you for being so concerned. 1S) 719) 6] .Q. You have nothing to worry about. LA] S42] eto} AWHols, You shouldn’t worry about it. =u} @, depending on the context or situation, mean (1) ‘straight,’ ina straight line,’ ‘directly, (2) ‘upright,’ ‘honestly,’ ‘without concealment,’ etc. Study the following examples: Suse 4JoB 7H. Please go straight home. Sue AA. Please stand up straight. Syke Bes is, Please tell me the truth. 3.3 S22 =°+%2)|44 means ‘Let's turn to the left. 2 ‘left’ is a noun modifier. The vowel 2] is pronounced mostly as 9] ; -# ‘a direction,’ ‘a side,’ ‘a way’ is a bound form, and is preceded always by a noun modifier. Study the following examples: o] Foe Alc. Let’s go this way. 9-2] Ho] o] 742, Our side won. a7} = SoA We, The sun rises in the east. means ‘always,’ ‘ceaselessly,’ ‘continuously.’ Its synonyms are #4}, 4 = uy. Study the following examples:
274 Unit 28 Caima He studies ceaselessly. Hw} e , I’m always busy. tir o% r2%Al ete] 2l gale, He is always kind to me. STRUCTURE NOTES The Causal Non-Final Ending -(2)U47}--- : ‘so,’ ‘since,’ ‘because’ We have already studied -7] tte] and -°}(-%], -4)A1,_ which indicate reason or cause. Now let’s study another causal non-final ending -(2-) 47}, which has the same meaning. This pattern may be used with any verb. It ends usually with a comma intonation. Examples : 3710] 2°27}, 4}4)]c4, It’s good, so let’s buy it. Or: Because it’s good, let’s buy it. 45-U7, Ao] AlAs. It’s cold, so stay home. Or : Because it’s cold, stay home. Ae)7} BouU7, BA] 34] cH, It’s not interesting, so let’s not see it. Or: Because it’s not interesting, let’s not see it. A| =F HEU 7}, UU 22, I’m busy now, so come tomorrow. =o] Gout, AAs] apie, Because I have money, don’t worry. 4b] Sst Apeto)U 7}, 22z]S3 =o} He is a Korean, so he likes kimchi. aye. UE 4A Be2uy7, 22st] Fe] =I don't know for certain, so ask him. HA} 2, °] 217}, 49) 9. Because it’s snowing, it’s cold. 3°) SPA47, BS] Bb ls. He is sleeping, so don’t make noise. Notes: 1. When the final (main) clause is an imperative or propositive, this pattern -(2)U7} may be used; the patterns -7] ato] and -°}(-9], -o4)4J CAN’T be used when the final (main) clause is an imperative or propositive. Study the following examples: FFU, Bell 72, Because it’s cold, go home. FSU, Aol] 44). Because it’s cold, let’s go home. #7) dol, Well 7H 2. (not used) FAA, Boll 7H 2. (not used) bo . When the action of the main clause takes place after the action of the
Unit 28 270) dependent clause, the past tense infix (-9}-) may be used. Study the following examples: EZFALU7, 7) BPR. Because it’s late, don’t go. AAS AULU7}, v7} o}3}2, Because you ate that, you have a stomachache. 14-0] Sou, FPA ge. Because he came, go to bed. 3. Sometimes, this pattern -(2)47} can be used with the polite particle -& as an unfinished sentence, or if the over-all meaning is clear from the context. Study the following examples: 171°] ABU 7}, Because it’s beautiful: ys} 7IL., I’m tired, so---, H Qk AHA? Why aren’t you buying ? UF BAU 7H, Because it’s too expensive. SH ek APPA] 2°? Why aren’t you eating ? Alt A|ZbO] Bou. I have no time now, so-::~ 4. -.|7} is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -2147} is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. II. 0jzt + V.S. + Negative::-: ‘(it) is uncommon (unusual, extraordinary)’ The word 4%} means ‘some,’ ‘a little,’ for example, 244°] 47} UoJ= = ujz]_ eyo} ‘He never gets angry over trifles (little things),’ or 27°] 42} 2]0o] o} Gut ‘It’s no easy matter.’ But 4% + V.S. + negative indicates an uncommon (extraordinary, remarkable) state or condition. Examples : 047} Sep] oF9ho4 2. I was extremely surprised, (lit. I was not a little surprised.) 1 Of zb7} Of Zk BZ] CFOER, She is really beautiful. 1440] fZ} BPM] Bors, He is extremely busy. x) 7} 421 HZ] OF OHS, The weather is terribly hot. Ao] 2b SSSA] oR, He is really fat. = Alo] of Zt $2] oFole., That book is awfully good. of 7} # AbS}A] ooh R, It is extremely crowded. oj 2} is used mostly with description verbs, but it can also be used with action verbs. When it is used with action verbs, it is followed usually by adverbial expressions, such as %°] ‘lots,’ ‘a great deal, @4]38] ‘ardently,’ ‘zealously,’ Hz] ‘far,’ ‘far off (away),’ etc. 380] of} Bo] AA] goHs, Hie really eats’ Te
276 Unit 28 Il. of 7} BA} 3] 2 5}2] 2to}8, He studies very hard. ofZt Be] 7+] 9k 2, He went very far away. The Pluralizing Suffix -3 : In general, singular and plural are not distinguished in Korean, if the over-all meaning is clear from the context. The exceptions are} (4H, 4, Al) ‘I, and 41 ‘you (plain),’ which are always singular. The plural of a noun is formed by attaching the suffix -= to it. Examples : uF tree or trees ues trees al book or books AS books 4a pencil or pencils ages pencils Aba person or people AAS people oO A} woman or women of AAS women Ay bird or birds AS birds 7H dog or dogs vAl ne dogs The pluralizing suffix -3, besides being attached to nouns, can be attached directly to any word in a sentence ; this implies a specific plural subject. Study the following examples, and note particularly the words to which pluralizing suffix -= is attached. AES] Boys, AAS 742, MB QAS S342, wees PTs, lb ecg RAS Bal sro 2. wo] S aaa, mS Sole, aA YAS Stas. AS Bp, SPAS Ppa], Uses Wc, SPAS Yo}a, Hols Bleh, Fie 2, There are many people. Go that way, you people. We had a good time. Please go to bed quickly, all of you. We. (they) all ate well. They went home late. Please eat a lot, all of you. Let’s all go into the classroom. They are studying in the classroom. Don’t go, anybody. Don’t go to bed, anyone. Let’s all go out and work. We (they) came to study. Come in, all of you. Let’s all try eating it. We ate and came.
Unit. 28 277 UsaWS Ape, Please work and eat, all of you, The following pronouns may be used either with the pluralizing suffix == OF without it: $-2] or $-2]= we (intimate) AS] or %A3]=S ~~ we (humble) U3] or USS you (plain) 44% or 4242S you (honorific) Notes: of 2] 4% ‘you (all)’ is used frequently by a lecturer or public speaker when beginning a public talk. The English equivalent of this word is ‘Ladies and Gentlemen’, When the demonstratives °]-, 2-, Al- (or 8-, A-, %-) are used with nouns denoting persons, they refer to the singular. But when they are used with nouns denoting things, they refer to both the singular and plural. Study the following examples: oo] or ©] Ae} ‘this person’ 24 or 2 AH $$‘that person’ Al or A AH ‘that person over there’ ©|Z1 ‘this’ or ‘these’ 17%) ‘that’ or ‘those’ A\7l_ ‘that over there’ or ‘those over there’ DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY WEE a super-highway, Ab a traffic lane a freeway ole a sidewalk W7}E= elevated expressway SJt}H = a crosswalk Z| 3}4d the subway yy 724 an intersection Z| s+ an underpass W413 traffic signal, an an overpass traffic light A. Substitution Drill 1. See, Zhi Let’s go by the freeway. 9. a7}eeBz 7l eh Let’s go by the elevated expressway. 3. 2Js}az 4YI)]ch. Let’s go by subway. 4. aE AyA) cH, Let’s go through the underpass.
278 2 ie 7 8 . Sale 4). JaguEe ZI]. ee W)qh, _ AzS Wld. B. Substitution Drill OT FPF WN KFOaOND , Ho] oz} ama] gore, | Ree] ofZb wpm] eohe, _ da7t 42k GA] Bors, _ Abe] o}zk SES}A] ops, | Bo] oz BaRs}r] ors, C. Pattern Drill HO £S& CHLOFND Teacher: 240°] Be] Hg Student: 240°] Zz} We] Wz oF} R, oe] dei. a) ot AAle| BHR, . Bo) Vaya, ab) -Bop8., Ala] 917) Sohk., D. Pattern Drill CORD =e tae irES Cor Se es Teacher: ez] = 2. Student: @AysS = 28. . Ae] 7H S., . HEYA weg, . Wel arpa 2, _ BAe] S0}3}) x}, 7h] Ub S., FEA]2) vba) 2, . dae} 3h]. | Say AI eh, Unit 28 Let’s take the overpass. Let’s cross at the crosswalk. Let’s walk on the sidewalk. Let’s go in the lane. She is really beautiful. He is extremely busy. The weather is terribly hot. He is really fat. He is really unfortunate. This room is terribly dark. This area is awfully noisy. He is really unkind. He eats a lot. He really eats a lot. ae] 712] eer. as] BPA) Gohs, wre] elojyz] Bohs, Al 22] ees, AAs] L Yr] eos, at N gs es Bt af, N aie, B28 es (oe eae N wo] datz] dors. aba] 2] eoy-8., APIS SA) oks, ft > “| (ae Go to bed quickly, please. Please go to bed quickly, all of you. ABE 7PaL, MA) QAS 72. wo] Ss aS. BAS S0}3h] eh, RAS apa a, SRALAS vps. ses Welch. S¥BYS Wc,
Student: 2430] 4}-Jc}, Unit 28 . So] 242. BUS 242, 10. Yo) #4)c, 4S #4), . Pattern Drill Teacher: 20] 4} ch, He is going. They are going. Zig, 1. o]%6] PEPYo}.2, o|BSo] PEO} S. 2. zee] ws} o} 2. AWE] WR} AO} 3. Ae] 7Hle} 2. AAYS0] THIOL S, 4. So] Spas. PYSO] SyPaHS, 5. Pel7} glo} s. 4-2]39] Ago], 6. AS|7} HSMM. 413)H0] WES] 8, 7. Abste] Bohs, ARNO] Wohs. 8. lap} to} 8. olz}S0] o}.8. . Integration Drill Teacher: °]2°] $e, 444]c. It’s good. Let’s buy it. Student: °]Z1°] $2147}, 4/4] ch. It’s good, so let’s buy it. 1. B)7} BUC, 7b Be]. H]7} 2U7}, ZEAL BAI TH. 2. Bape, Se eA] ch. SArstU 7}, S074] eA] ch, 3. 280] Bauch, 7/2). 2] FH} a, 228°) (io. Zils, | Bb, 4. AS AAs dr, Ags) pplz, A= A747}, Ast] bi 2, 5. Aetqq, ave] 44). AHsy7}, AAs) 4). 6. a7} BB}, FSU Yaya, AT} BASU 7}, RS YO, 7. A7\= So) Ae, Z4sp] 2. Aq7J= £0] ZOU, ZA spi a, 8. =o] Bee, we] 7}2)zD 24] =o] Bs 47}, we] 7p) a2 24]
280 Unit 28 G. Integration Drill HH H Teacher: 2AS APA. B77} of. You ate that. You have a stomachache. Student: 2A 4A eu7}, w7} ofsP. Because you ate that, you have a stomachache. SMR, 7b) wpaS, RAL, ZA Ale . de Bo] HR, Beas, e]2 Bo] Bory, Brae. _ Be) Pola, UE 7H. 3B0] Bou7, He 7s. US cp Aa, AGS Bao}, IS Rou, AYS Aale}a. . Honwos, 7tS4) aS. loa geou7h, BA FAM, AAS BoywywoyA. shy Ab FAQ, IAS QowyaAou7, shh Ab HAS, Bae] PBols, Agape) wpajg., wale] BBO, Ags] og, oe] aa Zo].a, Ya QB, 3¥0] aol BOU7, UA Lag. H. Pattern Drill Teacher: 2) FHA 2, Because I am tired now,::: Student: 2] Bes 472, Because I am tired now,::: 1. SA7k SAA8, AZ STUAR, 2. YU ABA. Ye ajny2u7ns. 3. a7} FOAAA. ANZ} AU HS. 4, DHS “PA HA1 2. Se oe, F. ©) e\7; areri 2. 0] $o]7} SF 2uU 72, 6. TH AAS, ABS O24 72. 7. oF ayaa, Oo} HEFT U 7S. 8. o]Zlo] U7 Heh] a, 0] Alo] U7 BLU. SHORT STORIES iy fee a7, 74) BAe Ale pee lee He | al opal MAE op ya zpaleh,
Unit 28 281 Expansion Drill Se RAL, 74) Blo. AG 7eE AHS Bhs $ Qo 47, Wal ofao} IA Vojupy zach, 2, 28 de oft Bo] az) Vsho}.2. wes Aol 7hIS. 8st = Arye sie. = 4]t} to get a good rest Expansion Drill LSet US 47b Go] a7] Beou7, wes Ao] 74 2S SF Aa, WS se. 3. a7} 2b |Z) coke, Us F-57-U7, AAlo] Go. AJAlo] gjct} can’t think alee tat A) 2., ae READING RE AEH 7halst ge eh, ela] o} aby} sete] wu eh, AHA °] AAS ofA] DASUT, 2S o}4Jo]-=E 4lujo] Belo Suc}, aad] Sager} 422] aeltsuc, aay 7} Saal Ut. WA HHSol 7Hy SS VATU, aa aS Bu, @ BE ye) ASU, 2ae) Bevo] DE Ass sys Yr}, DE E80] 4 sx1S wolerch 7]Ao) yaaa BF BAisut}, zbs altel AA Sete, aya BUS BUG ty, AL7}-2-A} private car yz] crossroads, intersection 7A] ch to have, to own we Als traffic signal 314-0] uc} to get out of order |B} S}c} to violate 31) ch to repair we +7 traffic police te things to do, business a+ A~|S w]ct} to give a ticket 2A driver a} = Qc} can’t do, helplessly -9-Al Shc} to drive, to operate = Ap At parking lot WA first: of all, first Al 3] =} sto park (a car) Fa gasoline station eo] Url to do one’s business 7] = oil =U} to drive
282 Unit 28 BRIEFING I have my own car. But The car broke down. So I had this car repaired yesterday. I had business to do downtown this morning. But the driver didn’t come. So I drove. I went to the gasoline station first and filled the tank. I drove my car to the Kwanghwamun intersection. But I violated the traffic signal in Kwanghwamun. The traffic policeman came and gave me a ticket. I felt very bad. But I couldn’t help it. I parked my car in the parking lot. And I did my own business.
Unit 29 283 UNIT 29 HAaSIL{7+? What Date Is It? BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE rz) what date + A A ib eo Ps a Be, What date is it today ? A) 4 October 4) tenth (day of the month) JZ Ud = 2. AJB 4) dojol eg, It is October tenth. He 9° what day of the week ae 8. 8S oleae) se)? What day of the week is it today ? 3+29 Tuesday sl a 4, HR Adojo 2, It’s Tuesday Ay time and tide we] fast, quickly yyy already a 5, 2 alo] we) 7hEd]2 ! Time goes really fast. It has already gsto] 2 2] BW 4A SY been three months since I came to =] oo] Korea. A) Aa as (like) time zg ney WES 6. HHA 2a7] 3yad2? Has it been that long already ? AU Ae] w= AAS TS, Nothing passes as fast as time. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1. Abe 9) 0) 5. It is no concern of mine. 2. AAAs It’s terrible (awful), 3. a4] Belz] =p, Don’t be so stubborn.
284 Unit 29 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES _ 34] is a contraction of 44! ‘what date.’ The contracted form is used more often. It can also mean ‘how many days,’ ‘how long,’ ‘a few days,’ etc. Study the following examples: mA] Alo] TES ubyyo] eg. I met him a few days ago. Al AE] ofS, I’ve been ill these few days. AS], 4] 0]U4 AA) sg ? How long will you stay in Seoul ? We Say] 44 27? How many days does it take to go to France by ship ? . 4|U means ‘tenth (of the month).’ The classifier -Y is used always with Chinese numbers to name the days of the month. See the Structure Notes of this Unit. . The classifier -8° indicates the days of the week. Study the following related words: esc) Sunday +29) “Thursday 239° Monday ao Nh riday s+29 Tuesday sol Saturday +294 Wednesday anes weekend When the particle -°l] (indicating time at which something takes place) is used with the classifiers -Y (the days of the month) and -&@ (the days of the week), it can be replaced by the word -4, making no difference in meaning. Study the following examples: Abe] ol] Z}A] ch, Let’s go on the third (of the month), abe ZpA] ch, Let’s go on the third (of the month), qo] 2. I studied on Monday. gH Oo] 9 I studied on Monday. a means (1) ‘time passing away (going by),’ (2) ‘(the) times,’ ‘business,’ ‘conditions,’ ‘things,’ Study the following examples: Al Zo) eb s. Time goes fast. He AAS BYuct, I am busy. A] Yo] Soke. Times are good. Al] 20] Uf mE} S Times are bad. 22 AYo) deg? How are things with you ? Or: How goes it with you? A] Jo] WE Qojle. Business is dull. Or : Trade is bad.
Unit 29 285 STRUCTURE NOTES Time Classifiers (Counters) : -%, -#, -2@, -#2, - We have already studied some of the time classifiers, such as 44\% So’clock,’ -7)| 4E ‘hours,’ -@ (used to name) the calendar months, -& or -7] @ ‘months,’ (used to count the number of months), etc. Now let’s study the time classifiers which are used with Chinese numbers TO COUNT and NAME: -# is used to count the number of seconds, and to name a second of a sixtysecond minute. Study the following examples: @ 2 1 second or second 1 ©] # 2 seconds or second 2 *+ # 3 seconds or second 3 x} #% 4 seconds or second 4 2. 5 seconds or second 5 B42 Aadsu7? How many seconds did it take? & 2 Agsud, It took 5 seconds. Bg A| 82 2 2 29471? What time is it exactly, (hour, minute, second) ? eA] @ BH Al AUC, it's-1 05.8 10) -# is used to count a number of minutes, and to name a minute of an hour. Study the following examples: 2] 4 1 minute or minute 1 ©] + 2 minutes or minute 2 At + 3 minutes or minute 3 A} 4+ 4 minutes or minute 4 £ + 5 minutes or minute 5 we add? How many minutes does it take? 2 # aqgudd, It takes five minutes. ww Helrj7}? What minute is it ? 2 2 Ayutdct, It’s five minutes before (the hour). -°] jg used to count a number of days, and to name the days of the month. Study the following examples: 2]¢] 1 day or the first day of the month ©]@] 2days or the second 449] 3 days or the third Abe] 4 days or the fourth
286 Unit 29 £2 5days or the fifth Ato] Al AlAlo] 2 ? How many days were you in Pusan? 3-Aol] AF S19e1 2, I was in Pusan for three days. 23°] Aly 2? What date is it today ? Leo] +A Apedojoj 2, Today is June third. There is also a pure Korean set for counting the number of days, and naming the days of the months. Study the following examples: oe 1 day or the first day of the month |= 2 days or the second A}= 3 days or the third Us 4 days or the fourth thay 5 days or the fifth od AH 6 days or the sixth o] 4] 7 days or the seventh of € x] 8 days or the eighth o} SF] 9 days or the ninth as 10 days or the tenth o3 s+ ~~ 11 days or the eleventh 3 o]= = 12 days or the twelfth Ay 20 days or the twentieth 2 dF 21 days or the twenty-first 2- °©]= 22 days or the twenty-second of 7] ol] HAL ALAA 2 ? How many days are you going to stay here ? TAH gl alo 2. I’m going to stay here for five days. LS] Aloo] a ? What date is it today ? 2 so] Galas. Today is the fifth (of the month). Notes: 1. The Korean set is used more for counting the number of days, than naming the days of the month. The latter is done mostly by older people. Younger people use the Chinese set (W@ ‘the first,’ ©] ‘the second,’ etc.) more than the Korean set (é}-# ‘the first,’ o]= ‘the second,’ etc.), ath 2. Sometimes, the prefix 4- ‘first,’ ‘beginning’ is put before words naming the days of the month, (usually from 1 to 5), For example: z 3} ‘the first, & °]= ‘the second,’ X A}*® ‘the third,’ etc.
of Unit 29 287 3. Here are some frequently used words relating to time: = the first third (ten days) of a month, the beginning of a month $< the middle third (ten days) of a month é}<e the last third (last ten days) of a month H+ fifteen days, or the fifteenth day 1 the last day of the month -+-U is used to count the number of weeks. Study the following examples: 2] = «1 week o] =—=21 2 weeks At =2 3 weeks Ak =U 4 weeks 2 = 5 weeks Bw ed S¥sios2 ? How many weeks did you study ? AL ==Y SHaols, I studied for three weeks. -t4 is used to count the number of years, and to name years. Study the following examples: 2] A 1 year or the year 1 ©] \d 2 years or the year 2 A} 14 3 years or the year 3 A} a 4 years or the year 4 £ 4 5 years or the year 5 Bud vss? How many years did you work ? AL 1 2 eo} 2. I worked for three years. @ Weo] eto] 24°48 ? What year did you come to Korea ? 1990'd ol] Stsrel] Sto] 2, I came to Korea in (the year) 1990. Notes: When giving Korean dates, the longer time period always precedes the shorter, like year-month-day. For example: 4@ 4} 74]4a Fe 29 ‘September 5, 1990.’ Il. A.V.S. +-U (2) Al7} + time word + SjcC}---: ‘(the time) since’ The pattern -u (2) 2]7}+time word+|t} indicates an interval of time which extends from a definite past to the present. The English equvalent of this pattern is ‘it’s been (such-and such) a time since---,’ or ‘from the time when-::-’,
288 Unit 29 Examples : aso] S AI7b 4S AM, OA SP AIR ER ge 15.42 eee we A\7 poe ret SSO aye ayo] B zl7} Qa seu tH, a2) we 27} BS Pct, He] 2 US AAR ZI} APE Wo] & Notes: It’s been three months since I came to Korea. It’s been five months since I went to see a movie. It’s been five months since I met him. It’s been five years since I met him. Korean food. It’s been fifteen days since I got a letter. It’s been three days since he began that work. 1. The final word =Jt} may be used either with the past tense infix (-9t-) or with the present tense form, making no difference.in meaning. However, it is used mostly with the past tense infix (-3-), 2. The particle -7} after -%] is optional. 3. -u 2] is used after verb stems ending in a vowel ; -£-2] is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. III. The Particle -7{H---: The particle -4 4, dition of the noun. Examples : A] ae] w= AIS go] ad Jody angle AL glola, ola] ola] UA alo} a a ae] HSE AMY BPspysa a Say Zo] Ao ‘(the same) as,’ ‘like,’ ‘as:--as’ preceded by a noun, reflects an identical quality or conTime goes really fast. Or: There is nothing so fast as time. There is no language as interesting as English. Please get up early like you did yesterday morning. Please study as he is studying. We are living together like one family. There is no good place like home. Please try saying what he just said. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY 29.9) Monday Bae ie Friday F2a Wednesday ES Saturday
Unit 29 289 =-3%9 Thursday Substitution Drill AY Aol sz . G8 A) 2Yoly a . 8 Feoje 2, . AD ofAl dojo] & . ARE ©] 4] 2 Vo]ol] & ELST 0} OH.) . rd Fels . AUS oj4) Aralojoij a, Substitution Drill moO oO FeKEn OD 1. 20] Ysaauep, 2. 2¥o] HAdd yeh, 3, 20] Saadeh, 4. 240] Baaduep, 5. 20] Head, 6. 20] esac 7, 230] Aeadaye, Pattern Drill Teacher : Student : B]=ro]] AFA WMos, Cee Shei e| a. Yeo] SY Wades. . eer ad ude. y areal, cle) 9)9104.8., . ate] BU gatos, > cemol pe siai 1s. do] 2. Oopl oS 6CO UNSSJ co ofl ok =z a ne Hb] AA g1glel a. Abo] AHE 91 he] 2, 212.9) akc} to receive Sunday It is October tenth. It is January fifteenth. It is February ninth. It is March twentieth. It is April twenty-fifth. It is May fifth. It is June eighth. It is November twenty-third. Today is Monday. Today is Tuesday. Today is Wednesday. Today is Thursday. Today is Friday. Today is Saturday. Today is Sunday. I was in Pusan for three days. I was in Pusan for three days. Hl =rel] 1S 319)°42., aro] SAH Wels, UeHol] AA UMAR, eatAjo] ola] gighei 2. =o] o]S 91942, Rte] YEA gigeol2, Ao] obs zi] B42, see] SS VHS. D. Pattern Drill Teacher: 4] & ol] Stspol] So] 8, I came to Korea three months ago. aso 22] 4 FS AMA, It’s been three months since I came to Korea. Student :
BEd) Ua S Aol] BSH BSto1 8, SS ay Ale aie ROSA 1 2 3. o] FU Ale] FS ola. a0 a A 5. eS Ale, ae) 2 G. Ay Ale) sige) Fol. 7. lS Aol Mz)S wWstoj 2. 8. = Alzt Al, AS, . Pattern Drill Teacher: 4) 4°] tee, Student: AQAA we 24 = . Ss sto] Aya] glo] 2, Ol Sel7) =e . Alo] 3t9]o 2, . B7 HAAR . Ao] aw 2, 6. o] wal7} S4pae. he | Sep 8. 2 Ao] Sopa, Oy eeiI . Response Drill 74 AH? | 20] Fad? |Fo] va) Aiel a? 4a BRS MIL? @ USS? a BALLS. qd CoN ONYOF . Pattern Drill Teacher: 82a] 44) ch. Student: YAas 44] ch, . At YA2do] wots, Yel] 7-4] FA]Ef, +2 Yei eh] ey. =e G©w DOFe$= 8 oo] uee. =? = Al QY 2 a a oe 35 27,8 ZS Gane %°| she AAA Y72? Unit 29 Se 2 Usb aeols: 2 ahd A ated Sel 2 he 7| o) Ar eo Oh a 2] 4A Fa AM12, Se a St Bsieja. Ho] od A] BAW SMR. = We 4) oS FM12, Al N Z| AlzL AMS. Time goes fast. There is nothing as fast as time. aaa Arle AS Ws. S| So] Ae ae A w ee Aaa We AS B12 aaa Tyas was AAA AB AS WAS o)] HAA Bare Ale Bs aA Male she Ae wes 2 AAW SS AS AIL o7]4] ale Aue. } Arelo]a #9 a ol BAL USI. ce hale oN Let’s go on Monday. Let’s go on Monday. apd Uses whpserych, aL 7TA| SEA) TH, qe Set. wou BEE
Unit 29 5. B@del yalch, 6. EA] VPSA] ops, 7. @2Ie] Sake |ch, 8. Ae] euch. . Pattern Drill Teacher: +--+ 4+Uo]] 3t°7 8, Student: -@ 4} 3942, . AY Le) AY Ch, 29 $e] apo} s. . AR aldo] =EaAbyojs, . UD ofA] Vel Aho] 2, . A Us Arde] ale. . 2a td ic. . BD AM) dol] Bykeig., . A) oe) Bo] SAM, Response Drill (Review) Teacher: TAS AAE AHR? Student: o}-2, 27S APS ot uch. H nr OT FSF DHoN W yo] UE Ao}R? _ us s]= aaops? $2 v= aeo}a? FSIS MALL? . Soi FayS BWaops ? 2 7S WAHL? AES TEE Moya? DD OO FeWH DKoN BARS FEE. MOLL? SHORT STORIES 291 Seehd qyyqp. ELUS SPA] ops, Mead Sebald, odd Beercp, I came June third. I came June third. A\Y 294 Ac, 238 Us Wyo 2, AQ Add EA yo] a2, YY oj4] LAS 4h] 2, A] YY Ards ict. B24 4 fds wc. AY 4M)ad yt g. A] ol BU SUR, May I buy it? No, you must not buy it. ope, vate] a a qd}, oe, Gys spa e gud. 2, SS oye et que, oe, $esha eo gdh. oe, Soll apa a gu of 2, ARES 7ha ce ee a itt ate Aa 2, 2ES 7a ope, SAke aloh 7ha 1. At SA AE] Brel] HV. e447 A ese] SB Aw ASA Be A Expansion Drill A) ey) Seis Wok, the beginning of a month rer ar Alt Be Brel] ye] H2U7, BH Ase] 2 2] 4 FS Qo2, ga ASA BE AS Ws. 2. aHe] at +e Seed Wayls a cg
oz Unit 29 tHe & ao] SoH Aych. A¥0] FopSa o) YS r]2hb Add, <= the middle third of a month é}e the last third of a month Expansion Drill a#e] zt #2 Seo] See BYou7, te ZF skrel Soee Aur}, aHe) Sopes o] US al4pe Wet. 3.198Pael) Shai oe) 2. aso]4] ApAke Uetz] Aha 39°18, Ha ea) wR eOe He} Uh. AlaLA} a missionary +7} a furlough, a vacation Expansion Drill 19874] ee] 241, Aavee Ys 2] APA Fk, wa 7} So Pale F7} 4c, READING sso] 2 24) 24S FNS. W7t Ure] BS Be 4Fe aed. 2A 4Zi HAZ] Soleudc, aaa] Bs] Ase] AA edu, do] 27) dle tees 2EE Bae. etrel] st A) tees 7) 214. Ua Ale AS Ase ct, we] es zeal] Ges 4 Pod Sasa. 2a + +s}7|7} 421 YS2] Sec. AM qe Ss7|7} Asad. 2 WHA Zee SalS 34] tec}, 2a] sas et seh Algy etel Sgt}, 2S FAa7t Bohr] BE 44 SB 4H Sa7} Sct. — ae even a little 7e occasionally, sometimes oj al sometimes He ordinarily, usually BRIEFING It has already been four months since I came to Korea. When I came to Korea it was summer. So it was extremly hot. But already it’s winter. Before I came to Korea, I didn’t know Korean at all. I came to Korea and started to learn Korean. There is nothing as interesting as Korean. I wish I could speak Korean as well as Korean people. But studying (Korean) is extremely difficult. Sometimes I hate to study. So, occasionally, I don’t do my homework. But if I don’ t do my homework, I will have a hard time from my teacher. These days I have a lot of homework. Usually, I finish my homework about ten o’clock.
Unit 30 293 2 Ao} 2.2 a s}3}4 7} oh nH} _ 42, satel] A3}3}4 7H, nEAl AlALOU SR, eA] 7A ib BEkO1.2, 3} 2-0] o}4-3}¢} 3] ASAE Ad eye oF SHA] 2 ? da yu} _ de AA hye oS Yo] 2, shale UNIT 30 a> A Visit BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE u}i}r} to meet 3 a 4 . oA] 4l--S bh} yo] 2 2 Did you see your friend yesterday ? Abo -7} tc} to visit 4 a 2 . A] 4J2= Zroezted, I visited his home yesterday, but he was ok AlAjo] 2. not (at home), abu 2] Shar without seeing him 24 P peleimcse _ aA ah] & sha So} So, did you return without seeing him ? when I called at the right moment, luckily, fortunately No, when I called his school, he happened to be there. So, I went to school and met him (there), in the first place to promise qj = Where did you promise to meet him in the first place ? originally a Originally I had planned to meet him at his house.
294 Unit 30 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE 1. BS Didn’t you know it? 2. 2] Go] 2b S+Z) FHA. Mind, your own business. 3, 2aq) 4A--=4) BIS. Don’t be in such a hurry. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. @tt}c} : The pronunciation of 83}1}2 ‘to meet’ must be distinguished from ¥¥ ok ‘to be many (much),’ As you have studied in the Korean sound system the sound /n/ , followed by the same consonant /n/, seems to cause most foreigners trouble. Let’s review this double consonant /nn/, MICE ql, qe; oh 3} c} Al 7}, eu, Ala, mY 2. 4+0o}7}t} is a compound verb made up of 4t} and 7}t}, The word 2H, depending on the context or situation, can mean (1) ‘to search for,’ ‘to look for,’ (2) ‘to find (discover),’ (3) ‘to pay a visit,’ ‘to take (get) back,’ etc. Study the following examples: a AS aoye] se . I found that book. Ala Aha ole, S I’m looking for my friend. 1 = Aoyo] 2 | I got back that money. Als 4to}Z}o] 2 | I visited my friend. Ud Abo 2 ajo]g | I’ll come and see you tomorrow. 3. 2Aj, as an independent conjunctive word, occurs at the beginning of a sentence. Its meaning is ‘(and) so,’ ‘therefore,’ ‘for that reason,’ or ‘on that account.’ Its synonym is —12}1}7} ‘therefore,’ ‘so. uh},] 3} means ‘without seeing him, (lit. you couldn’t see him and:::),’ When the consonant A occurs as the final consonant, and is followed by the consonant @ initially in the next syllable, ¢ is pronounced as ©, Therefore, % Sal is pronunced & E}21, 4. u}4] means ‘just in time,’ ‘at the right moment,’ ‘fortunately,’ etc. Study the following examples: uba)] 4 2.AJ°] 2. You have come at just the right moment. ofA] 2 aol] So] g)ooj] es. Fortunately I had money with me at that time. 5. Alf, aS anoun, means (1) ‘the beginning,’ ‘the outset,’ (2) ‘first (of all), ‘the first time,’ etc. Its opposite word is % ‘the end,’ ‘termination,’ ‘a close.’ Study the following examples: