Unit 8 95 UNIT 8 SAlAo]A, In the Restaurant BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE it S}u} to order Sugars Sl Gale are Have you ordered ? ofA] (not) yet 4] what A] 7) c+ to order lime > ee 2. of 2, ofJERI A No, not yet. AAA! 8 AAALI-«A Mr. Kim! What shall we order ? 27] pulgogi oj a} 2 how (about) Z] o3 ui 3. Ba7)|7} AASZ?a How about pulgogi ? ©} o]4 two portions of 2) ie Saws 4, 23], 27] °] gS 4] 2.-_ Then, pulgogi for two, please = liquer a ye J (What kind of) drink ? ma beer i= one bottle of °] a ¥ One bottle of beer, please.
96 Unit 8 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 2. ©}4]= 2 is an unfinished sentence of °}4]= A] 7] 2] %9te]2 ‘T haven't ordered yet.’ °}4]= is used always with the negative predicate. J is a contraction of SS, +91, depending on the intonation and pitch, is used not only as an interrogative pronoun, but also as an indefinite pronoun. When 74° is pronounced with a higher initial pitch, and the final intonation of the sentence is down, it is used as an interrogative pronoun. However, it can also be used as an indefinite pronoun ; this use is indicated by a rising contour at the end of an otherwise normal pitch. They are: 4-o1 ‘what’ or ‘something’ 7} ‘who’ or ‘somebody’ oT] ‘where’ or ‘somewhere’ 21 A ‘when’ or ‘sometime’ o| A] ‘how’ or ‘somehow’ of ‘what kind of’ or ‘a certain’ wg ‘how many (much)’ or ‘some,’ ‘several’ Study the following examples, and note particularly the initial pitch and the final contour of the intonation of each sentence. What did you buy ? a Did you buy something ? 7k HARM Who came? 7} 39422 7 Did somebody come ? ct] 7220 oft] 7A] 2? 7 dA] EYAL? aA] =Q7A2? 7 Where are you going ? Are you going somewhere ? When shall I give it to you? Shall I give it to you sometime ? o] eal a2 70 o]ga) she? 7 ofa ARPS Whe] 2.70 oj ARPS eh} Ae] 2.7 7 How did you do it? Did you do it somehow ? What kind of people did you meet ? Did you meet someone, (a certain) ? 4|7\t+ : When the verb 4]7|t} is preceded by a noun which indicates food, it means to order (something from a person) ; When this verb 4]7]t+, however, is preceded by a noun other than food, it is a causative verb. It corresponds to the English ‘force (a person to do),’ ‘make (a person do).’ Study the following examples :
Unit 8 97 E7|= 4/44) 4. Let’s order pulgogi. Ate] US Aly, Please make him work. AA Ase] SAS 47-2. Please have your teacher sing a song. SYS te] SHS 2)AVL, I made the students study. . 317] means ‘broiled beef.’ It is a very famous, popular and delicious food in Korea. The slice beef is marinated in all kinds of condiments, such as garlic, soy sauce, sesame oil, green onions, sugar, etc. Then it is put aside for a few hours to allow the flavor to set in. When being served, the cooked beef is broiled on a grill over a clay fire pot, placed in the center of the table. . ©] 913 means ‘two portions of-::.’ The classifier -¢]42 is used always with Chinese numbers to name a helping of food. . The classifier -43 ‘a bottle of’ is used always with Korean numbers. STRUCTURE NOTES The Past Tense Infix -?t-(-2-, --) : The past tense is used to indicate an action which took place in the past, or a quality or condition which existed formerly. The past tense is formed by inserting the infix -9$t-(-%-, --) between a verb stem and the endings, such as -¥ (#)Ut}, -4 (q)U7t?, etc. 1. When the final vowel of the verb stem (not necessarily and final letter) is Fk or +, it takes -9}-, See the following examples: Past Form: Contraction : Meaning: (73k eH) zee} (I) went (2.9 eh) RU x} (I) came Boke tt Seu tt (I) saw (it) Sheu tt absent (It) was good Begk<eu ch absent (They) were many 2. When the final vowel of the stem is any other vowel, (such as 4, T, —, ]), it takes -Q-. See the following examples: Uc} absent (I) ate 2-9 4 of absent (He) laughed (Ae Ep) age} (He) wrote (it) SA\9eU44 STASU (He) slept qagqud absent (I) read 3. When the verb is a -é}t} verb, it takes -9-, See the following examples:
98 Il. Unit 8 staeuet alauet (I) did seaague SHY (I) studied ALY a} AU tf ALY YU (I) took a walk daaqudq 2) uct (1) worked Note: In colloquial speech, the contracted forms are used more frequently than the full ones. The Pattern -2(S3)7}2 ?--: ‘Shall we (I).... ?’ or ‘Will it be... ?’ The pattern -=@=(&)7}27? is used to ask someone’s view, opinion or appraisal about a certain matter or fact. It is used with any verb. Example : Aro] AAR? 7 Shall we go together ? AN? 7 Shall we rest ? “aa e See? 7 Shall I eat lunch ? 171°] E274}2.2 A Will it be good? (What’s your opinion ?) Alo] ABWS7AZ? 7 Will it be interesting? (What’s your opinion ?) A%e] AYYUALR? 7 Will he be a teacher ? Notes: iL -2(&) is a modifier suffix which indicates the future. -7} is an interrogative marker. -& is a particle indicating politeness or respect. . This pattern -=(S&)7} 2 ?, when used with action verbs, is always answered in the propositive or imperative. See the following examples : Ae SPS 7 Shall we study now? a], AZ| SA) ch N Yes, let’s study now. (propositive) oj 2, ZA|F Ss] W4lck.N\N No, let’s not study now. gq], AZ)J2 SERS) SN Yes, please study now. (imperative) op 2, A Al SALSA] =}4]4]_2, \ No, please don’t study now. . However, this pattern -=2(3)7+2?, when used with verbs other than action verbs, is answered usually with the pattern -(2)7 2c} ‘it seems to be...,’ indicating likelihood or with the future infix -4-, This pattern -2(&)Zl 2c} will be studied later. See the following examples: AA°| $27;2.? 7 Will it be good? (What’s your opinion ?)
Unit 8 99 171°] $$ A aqGuedn It seems to be good. 171°] aqGutN I think it will be good. 4. -27}2.? is used after verb stems ending in a vowel; -&7}2.? is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. III. The Contrast Particle -=/-2 : We have studied the particle -7}/-°], which indicates the subject of a sentence. For example: 240°] al") 91444 ‘He is interesting,’ tells which person is interesting. The particle -+=/--2, however, is used to indicate a comparison between topics which are being compared: 2244+ ‘He in comparison with others.’ In other words, the particle -+/--- would not be used if no comparison were being made with another subject or with a connotation of comparison. This particle -+=/--2 can be attached to almost any part of a sentence. Study the following examples: (a) Replacing the subject particle 7}/°] : Sta BS zWeleloo gi Korean (in comparison with other languages) is interesting. a2 2°42 \ He (in comparison with others) is good. o]AS Aol Qin This (in comparison with other things) is a pencil. (b) Replacing the object particles -S3/-<: ghat ae Sats] 2 oN I study KOREAN (I don’t study other languages.) a2. Slo] 22% I read a BOOK (1 don't do other things.) (c) With other particles: AMA}o] BIAlY=E 942.0 The desk is IN THE CLASSROOM (not in other places.) Smo AE Saal a I study AT SCHOOL (not in other places.) (d) With negative forms: AAS BAS W391 2.0 I didn’t SEE it (even though I may have heard it or touched it.) AA apzle eas. 3 I don’t intend to BUY it (even though I like it or even though I asked how much it is.)
100 Unit 8 Notes : 1. The contrast particle -+/-- is NOT used when there is an interrogative word in the sentence, (like 4-9 ‘what, “-7P ‘who, (Al) Y= ‘which (one),’ 4+ ‘what kind of,” a] ‘when,’ o|t| ‘where,’ etc.), because our attention usually focuses on this part of the sentence. It is also NOT used with a word or phrase that answers an interrogative word in a preceding question. See the following examples, and note particularly the particles. THo] SHUAIC What is good ? Ale) Seu N The book is good. 7} SAU? A Who is studying ? Spyo] Seu ch \ The student is studying. a es i td Which one is big ? LZ) ButhN That one is big. Te Alo) SFU7FI-A What kind of book is better ? ase Alo] SRFuctN A Korean language book is better. If the question is AHS -+--74}U)7+? ‘Who is that person over there ?,’ the attention focuses on 4|4+-2 ‘that person over there,’ so the response is Al AV7N44 9}-] c+ ‘That person over there is a teacher.’ 2. The particle -~=/--- is USED when there is a pattern indicating a comparison in a sentence by the two different subjects -Z|]¥! ‘but,’ -o}(-, -o4)& ‘even though,’ -37 ‘and,’ etc. See the following examples : JAS $2]8, o2Ae UU N This one is good, but that one is bad. Jae Foe, oIAS UB Yc N Even though this one is good, that one is bad. JAS $3, cAAS 4H, N This one is good and that one is bad. 3. -x= is used after words ending in a vowel ; - is used after words ending in a consonant. 4. When the affirmative question form is used with the particle -= also, ‘too,’ the negative answer always takes the contrast particle -{/-<., Study the following examples: AY A‘A]U 7} ? Are you buying a book as well ? op 2, AS Apr) od4¢r] cH, No, I am not buying a book.
Unit 8 101 DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY aH highway bus a} boat, ship A} tc} to buy =2}=t} to help $°}s}t} to like Substitution Drill gq ADZALIO 2 ems? a 4 2a 2 70 cea oe ie 2 E7270 Ap aS. 2.0 OoOaN FP WHDeT Substitution Drill . Ba7|7} YA? e else e.°|) CLS ery Ap} old 220 . Ba BF] Wa? SB Eobb 127.0 _ uo] of 2.2.0 _ £7; Src Alyy oye es Pattern Drill Teacher : 7}Ut}, \ Student : 47}4@uth \ .wuctN . wud . €f4ucrN | weuchN . Yeu . saeur~ WY Fe oN DOF oe Sr) GSS2h her = Afet SC} to love Gje]at 7c} §«6to take (someone somewhere) ofA] breakfast Ay] lunch What shall we order ? What shall we order ? What shall we teach ? What shall we study ? What shall we see ? What shall we eat ? What shall we write ? What shall we read ? How about pulgogi ? How about hot water ? How about black tea ? How about boiled water ? How about peaches ? How about watermelons ? How about grapes ? How about apples? I go. I went. SHU. euch \ SXeutN Boteuth. N Yaesu. \ Wade. N
102 . Aeucten . e4U4dN orp. =. Response Drill OeON FF HeDT WO Teacher: TASHAzZ 2727 7 Student: 4, 2SHAE 4h)thLN A ni // es Bg . 8S Waa 274277 ESS eS? 7 AS ANAL? Z SALIH? 7 FS ea 7 . A)4ha7- 2.2 7 EPS) 7 Response Drill D> FSFCF DO1 Teacher : 4-3}44°] 2? 7 Student : >} 42, oF4JER A Seg eae ale ae Pele sepia 2 a Te alias Page a ak octal Sigel ems ie ae Intonation Drill oO Fe WDLHe Teacher : 7-3 A} 8 2.4 Student : 4-12 A}4o 877 es ee eal a Olt] 7a 220 . AA] EHEBAQI?20A . TBA Ad? 0 of ARS eho] a 20 Unit 8 AMVs. N Ser et. rea ws Beli Shall we go by highway bus? Yes, let’s go by highway bus. a], He A) N 4], SYS dea 4G N a], Tis Esh}eRAlq.N\ o], AS 4K] N a], SA |eh oe eget) = ran a], 414+] thN\ a], d2]th Did you order ? No, not yet. oe, FER, Ye, FES, Ye, FES, Ye, HER, oe, FES, Ye, of}E g. 20p) on What did you buy ? Did you buy something ? 7b ot] 7p] 2? 7 WA) Sepa? o1gal stale] 2.2 7 of ARHS uh} eo}2.2 7
Unit 8 103 G. Response Drill Teacher : 2-+27}2. 7? 7 Shall we study ? Student: o}. 42, @-43}%] 44] No, let’s not study. U.N Leh estes op 4s, sta] Halch \ 2x PEL Zhe. 244 O42, 7)cpe]2] BAlchN 3. AS ASA? 7 ope, AS gh] Alt. Ae-eUS Weal AAS? 7 oye, SYS Az 7) With N 5. LHS ENS7H2.7 7 oY 2, TES ES-F2] WA] tN Org ete AeA bee e7ist 217 of, 2 Azbe Abeys}2) 4] ch. \ (fo besle/4 eye 4 of 2, SAbs| Alt. \ Sep ne eit of 42, -3siA| BAe
104 Unit 9 UNIT 9 Ms+ Telephone BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE oj BA] hello aye: Ya 1. FRAIL Hello! 3] 7A 3] 2 ers of A kr el By Ah! Hello! Miss Min. Z] ANY Ae? 7 Is Mr. Kim there ? A\ = now n] < Rl 3. 4 AMY Ss? 7 azo) zZ]S eof Mr. Kim? He is not here now. es nN wy far, a long way off u}7}c} to go out oy] a a 4, aH#oe] Bz) 7}9927 7 Did he go far? at soon =o} 9 ct} to return v] ?~ ul 5, of 2, Ae -b7}4] 99k] 2. No, he didn’t go far. He will SL Bol PA] Aan be back soon. Zt erp} a little later cH] again Aq S}3}c} to telephone 6, 2, se Set rH] Then, I will call him again 4] a}s}alo] 8A a little later.
Unit 9 105 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 1. ©{#4]].2 ‘hello’ is most commonly used on the telephone. It is also used to call or attract someone’s attention, particularly when addressing strangers. In Korea, the person who places a call usually says ©]47] 2 first, when a click is heard at the other end of the line. It is sometimes used to show one’s indignation when fighting. {2 is used mainly between husband and wife. 2. © ‘Ah!,’ ‘Oh? is an exclamatory expression of admiration, surprise, grief, disappointment, etc. We] is an adverb meaning ‘a long way off,’ ‘far off (away),’ or ‘in the distance ?’ "t} is a description verb meaning ‘to be far; 4 is its noun modifier ; 4 | 9°} is a phrase meaning ‘before long,’ ‘in the near future.’ The opposite word of We] is 7}7}°] ‘near “(to, by),’ ‘close (to, by).’ Study the following examples. Aye] Be] Zfo1 2, He went far (away), 40] Bz 398. He came from afar. of7|A] A7}A] Bk, My house is far from here. AS HH Sol] Aroha, He lives in the distance. HA) oto} Ho] 2} 3, Spring is coming soon. t+7}t} means ‘to go (get, head) out,’ ‘to step out,’ ‘to get away,’ ‘to leave,’ ‘to work in.’ Study the following words which are related to it. U7} ‘to go out’ =0}7}t} ‘to go in(to)’ u2tt ‘to come out’ S12} ‘to come in(to)’ Btol] U7} 2. Please go outside. U2] 2. Please come out. HHO eZ Bol7} 2. Please go into the room. O12 Ai 2, Please come in. <0} t} means ‘ to come back,’ or ‘to return’ to a place where one used to live, e.g., one’s own home, hometown, office or home country. =0°}7}t} means ‘to go back’ or ‘to make a detour.’ It can also mean ‘to die.’ Study the following examples : at Alo] Ae] Sok 2, I came home at one o’clock. SL Oh Se OPAL e | 2 He went (back) home. Ho] ao B Bopzto] a, He returned to his native place. o}H] 2] 7} Soh7} ad 8. My father died.
106 Unit 9 STRUCTURE NOTES I. The Negative Adverb @t---- : ‘do not’ The adverb 9}- is used to express the negative. This negative adverb et (a kind of prefix), is used regularly with action verbs and the verb of existence in its honorific form (A|A]"). Examples : Alo] ok 4kGUtEN I did not go home. Ajo] ek ZAP I do not go home. Ajo] ok FFAGuUcEN I will not go home. os tt YUU N I did not eat breakfast. oS Ct AUN I do not eat breakfast. oaS et AASUIN I will not eat breakfast. 14-0] DAlo] ef AAJ N He is not in the classroom. o7s tt BeUtthN I did not study. Sy = Sb Sreycp NN I do not study. PHE of ASG Ud N I will not study. Notes: : 1. Notice that the negative adverb 9I- is put before the verb, ordinarily. The situation changes, however, when the verb is a -8} t} verb. -38}t} verbs are a combination of a noun and the verb -s}ch, (such as @-ps}t}, 4} als}c}, -=4bs}t}, etc.), Qt is usually placed before the -é}t}, as in the following examples: qt Saga. (awkward) Bus of HS} I did not study (correct). fe) A (awkward) I will not take a walk (correct). 2. Qt is a contraction of ©} 4. However, the contracted form @t- is almost exclusively used in preference to the full form °}U}, II. Negative Constructions of Verbs: (1) The verb of identification -0|C} : We have studied the verb of identification -°]t}, which indicates equality. The verb -°]t} is attached directly to a noun, and pronounced as part of the word to which it is attached. For example, °]271°] #49}-Jt} ‘This
(2 (3 e es Unit 9 107 is a book,’ or 2710] ABe}ujct} ‘That is a pencil.’ In the negative construction of the verb -°]t}, however, the subject particle -7}/-°] is attached directly to the noun, and then followed by the negative verb o}-}t}, Examples : o}Z1o] ayo] of guck\ This is not a book. 171°] Ho} ofthe \ That is not water. 171°] Awe] ofF—™@uthN That is not a pencil. ©] Z1°] APS}7} of QU LN This is not an apple. Ho] Syo] of yucheN He is not a student. o]fto] etstafeto] of Gujt},\ This person is not a Korean. aA#%e] Bye] oUaAsU4N He was not my older brother. 171°] 34410] of Yutct, \) That was not a rest room. 171°] Bo] op agUcE That was not chalk. 40] so] of OAuth N He was not a student. The verb of existence Q2/C} : We have also studied the verb 9} t}, which indicates existence, location or possession. The negative construction of the verb 9]t} is Qt} ‘(something) does not exist,’ ‘(someone or something) is not located (ina place),’ ‘(someone) does not have (something) ,’ Examples : Alo] AAO] BFuthN There is no desk in the classroom. A) 4] 2°] BMeuckNn I have no time now. Spo] FY 7J]o] Bauch N The student is not here. Ue Ao] Yasue N I had no book. SpAQo] DAlo] MAUGucN The student was not in the classroom. AA7I] ol] 4HEo]) MAFUcN There was no cold water there. Action verbs and description verbs : The negative constructions of action verbs and description vers are formed by attaching the negative marker -2| %t} to the verb stems. Examples : 271°] $2) SFU N That is not good. 24°] 27] SeUcN That is not big. 0] 710] Zz] euch. N\ This is not small. 340] 2¥s}2]) Fuck N He does not study. AAS Az) ychs I do not eat lunch.
108 Unit 9 Ao] a2) whet N\ That was not difficult. 171°] 42) %otquchN That was not easy. sHsp] ose \ I did not study. 7}A| AUC, N I will.not go. Wz] geaGucdN I will not eat. III. The Sentence-Final Ending -2(S3)710l2-:- : ‘will probably do’ IV. The pattern -2(&) 7] is an informal form of -@(S) ZAoele]2&. The suffix -@ (2) indicates prospective future, and -% ‘a thing.’ Therefore, its literal meaning is ‘it’s a thing that is to be,’ or ‘it’s a thing that one is to do.’ This pattern is used with any verb, and indicates likelihood or probability. Examples : Al7} Ua 4 Aadla.a V’ll probably go tomorrow. Ale SHEE Aea.nr ll probably study now. SAN | OF a, I'll probably see that friend. 171°] Bz AY It’s probably expensive. 2A°] JAYS Aaa. It must be difficult. 14-0] wAlo] Al4Zzl Aala.n He'll probably be in the classroom. 1-3] =°] Ye Aegan He'll probably have money. 40] SAU Aes. He’ll probably be a student. Ho] Saal Ae Ss He must have arrived. The Future Tense Infix —2/- : The future tense -4j- is used to indicate an action which is going to take place in the future, or a condition or quality which will exist at some other time. The future tense is formed by inserting the infix -2]- between a verb stem and the endings, (such as -¥ (4)Uth, -» (4)U7?, etc), Examples : FAS SAJAGUAIN What will you do? sade 2RUsAGucN\ I'll study Korean. BS Ald tae 7st?N What time will you eat ? 5) Alo] HAalseuckN I'll eat at eight o’clock. ad] 2A|AFuU7?N When will you come? By 2aGqdcdN\ I'll come the day after tomorrow. B AlZE 7} SB A)A AGUA? How many hours will you teach? A) A)ZE 7}BAZIAGUoN I'll teach three hours.
Unit 9 109 This infix -2J-, depending on the context or situation, may also indicate a speaker’s supposition or conjecture, but this will be studied later. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY A. = }8}t} to arrive Substitution Drill / 1¥0) 2 . Stare) US) 7] oa , 10] . 170] ee Nica ee a DHT FP WwW DHoN So}2a Aaa AF BRS Aaa. BA Aiea 3%] Eo] Ve Aaa.n # o) aya Aes. Bo] EARS Fo].a.o Substitution Drill Fe WH DKEoNO HO SFWY Fe ND ghcy7h A] alsbspaey s. gle} cpa] 272.0 aleyyt ol ed abated a. slept cH] alabspaoy 2, gle} cA] dapaey 2.0 gle} cp) Besa s. sey cH) Sse ale} 2. Z Vey} 4) Bal aol 2, My oul aff PYoP BN Teacher: 4%! iN (N (N a (N (N = money He will probably be back soon. He will probably go tomorrow. He will probably study now. It is probably expensive. It is probably difficult. He will probably have money. He will probably be a student. He must have arrived. I'll call him again a little later. I'll come again a little later. I'll swim again a little later. I'll start again a little later. I’ll work again a little later. I’ll study again a little later. I'll help again a little later. I’ll teach again a little later. I went home. I didn’t go home. ops ot AMVa.0 Slap aS eh 7A oO SAS et YoHs.0 BAS o Hols. SYS UY YHLA Hola] a FOLB, 0 AAS et WIR.
110 Unit 9 8. AS AMqa a AS tt YUYR_ D. Pattern Drill Teacher: 4o]o] 2,0 It’s a book. Student: Jo] of}tjo] 2. It’s not a book. 1. ao] 2.0 abee] of-fe] 2.4 2. avo] 2. ago] of 2.0 3. Abpea ALS} of el] 2.0 4, Boho] 2.0 BZo}7} of yo] 2.0 5. ase 2.0 A9|7} ope 2.0 6. talojo} an Shao] of fe aa 7. Zee EET} of} -fo] 2.4 8. 4 Aoly aio SA Alo] of fo 2. a E. Pattern Drill Teacher: 7}°].28. 4 I went. Student: 7}%] o9t2.0 I didn’t go. De ia, SES] WII R_ A 7s § a ag HA] 3k 2.4 3. WB a as}A] w3tol 2.7 4, Wyfo] 2.0 Bo4rfz] 29k] 24 5. ARR BOLE. A ARPA) BYOH A.A 6. Sop Boa. A FopspA) BYOB A 7. Wejat 42.0 ejat 7hAl w3kod 2.4 8. AS Abo a.n AS A}2] 9 9h0}.8..0 F. Pattern Drill Teacher: 4Jo] 7}442.0 Pll go home. Student: Jol] 7}%] eale78.0 I won't go home. 1. HIS Boyan Hae AA) Bale] an 2. ALA a o}.2..9 APM a}A] gale] a. 3. US Alaa A IS r}243}3] gale] ao 4. YY SAbspalo 2.4 Ud SA] aol sala 5. L ARS Absa] 2 4 LL ARS Ab es}Z] Baa A 6. tS Be aeie, o ee EMA] BBR. 7. SBS Wea 7g. SMS Bela 714] VM 8. BSolS Aha a. 4 Sols AH] BAR a
Unit 9 111 G. Response Drill Teacher: 271°] 20}2.2 7 Student: o}-}2, 2710] #2] 9} oka . 140} Bolo] 2.27 . ee] Hbeke] 8.2 7 hl ales bY inh eat era a Rag Ale FAS si 2? 7 alg Geel Pale a Gea CO! 8) Fp) (Ol a=) CS Oo) are = AlAs? 7 H. Pattern Drill Teacher: ¥}ol] Ao] 3] 2.0 Student: te] Ao) Mo g.a . Ale AlZro] Ql 2. the 4}o] 319°] 24 . 2Alo] ale] WM s.o PEO TS aes =77\ 1492] aso 2 fs she] Wed ca es a fe ples feces RNS 4 Gc Bes RD oO FeWHDoN Plo ia Mi lel ss o Is it good ? No, it’s not good. oh 42, 70] Ao] ofrjo] 2. ope, 2H] wpwz) estoy an ope, Wa 7A] Bale ain ope, AHA) BghoV 2.0 2, FA) Baoan ope, zz als a2] Bohan Ye, BAS 2A) BAYA 0 Ye, TBS ESLER] Bao] aa There is a desk in the room. There isn’t a book in the room. Ale 4) ZF] Goa. a = Ao] BW 2. 4 ELA) ©) ecnleel off eh SAO Sees =o] WAS, oS AA7\ ol] Sago] Bolsa Ajo] 9°] WHR. upto] -E 79°] Boa. A1A°] AFA] Yds. o
aE? UNIT 10 BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE u} Als ec lls t O ut x} 2-4] Bola. ee “Al ui =| t} uy oboe] a dal El ar eal ey cla ufc} x} LSS Y7t et 4 Walesa AlSfal 40] U4 4}A] 4,0 yu} ANS 7 eee Ue) 9) = Aa 7 ey TH Sf 9} A] Ast} x} . Bo] st e}Alol] 44 ale]8.— My daughter has passed her university 43} 3}c} of]! Sabah N Unit 10 A|Zt Time 7d ics What time is it now ? half ES It’s twelve thirty. already lunch time, an hour to become Aq of & 7} Oh my! It’s lunch time already. a treat to give AL soe fo} Be Today I'll give you a treat. Let’s go out together. 1a Oe Really ? What’s the good news? daughter college, university an entrance exam to pass A} = entrance exam. to congratulate Oh! Congratulations.
Unit 10 113 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES . Ba a4) 4S a7 S22 means literally ‘It’s already time to eat lunch.’ When the suffix -=2() is used either with action or description verbs, it indicates the future tense. You will study the suffix -= (2) in detail later. 414] means ‘lunch.’ °}%] can mean ‘morning’ or ‘breakfast’ %]4 can mean ‘evening’ or ‘supper.’ However, there is only one meaning for AJA] Tunch.’ . 2-= ‘today’ is a time word occurring without the particle -ol] ‘at’ or ‘on.’ But it may be used with the contrast particle -=/--2, Let us study some other time words as well. ya ‘tomorrow’ OF A] ‘yesterday’ ae ‘the day after tomorrow’ “1A Al ‘the day before yesterday’ zy) ‘two days after tomorrow’ “1I14\7| ‘two days before yesterday’ 123] ‘three days after tomorrow’ U7} ae} ujalol2 : ete means ‘a treat’ and Ut} ‘to serve (provide),’ ‘to treat (a person) to.’ Therefore, 47} #4 jae] & means ‘T’ll give you a treat.’ steal uUfAl]& ‘Give us a treat’ is frequently heard when someone is promoted or engaged to be married. re Se Go] 9) °%]28 7? means literally ‘Do you have anything in mind: aoa <= is a noun modifier ‘what (kind of).’ However, when -+< is pronounced with normal initial pitch, and the final contour of the intonation of the sentence is up (7), it is used an indefinite pronoun meaning ‘something (anything),’ . 9]4] is a contraction of e+ 4]% ‘an entrance exam.’ In Korea, competition in university entrance exams is so keen that when someone passes it is an achievement which warrants congratulation. . 43}%} Uc ‘congratulations’ is used to express sympathetic pleasure on account of success or good fortune. STRUCTURE NOTES The Particle -s}2 ZO|--- : ‘together with’ The particle -8}32_%°], preceded by nouns, indicates accompaniment, association, relation or harmony. The particle -é} 3 means ‘with,’ ‘in company with’ ; z+°], as an independent word, means ‘together.’ The word 2°] in this cee Zz ©] can be dropped, making no difference in meaning. In the
114 Unit 10 Il. Il. beginning stage, however, it is better to practice this pattern with the word 2 el. Examples : sat 2°] AGFASU AIO Witn whom did you eat ? Als}. 4o] AAFut a I ate with my friend. ofH] Z| spar Zo] ZHU I will go with my father. spa. Zo] SHSAYUYAI?A With whom do you study ? a#%sat Zo] SHS uch 7A I study with him. Westar Zo] HyRuUch 3 I came with my younger brother. gdsa 2o] YaeaAaseudn I will work with my older brother. The Particle -d}i-> : ‘and’ The particle -é}32, (without the word #°]), is also used to link nouns in coordination. The last noun is usually followed by the subject particle -7}/ -°] or the object particle -S/-&, etc. This particle -é}31 never links verbs, adjectives or adverbs. Examples : Asa. ABS 4AGUAILN I bought a book and a pencil. states}. 97} Aelgyquch\ Korean and English are interesting. 214% U7} 7G N He and I went. The Exclamatory Ending -(=)7@ : The sentence-final ending -()7 2 is used with any verb, and indicates delight, wonder, astonishment or surprise. Examples : 14-0] tile] 7HETA ! He is going to school ! A139] tale] Zet2 |! He went to school! 40] satel] 7}ATs |! I think he will go to school! 170] a] wt | That’s beautiful ! Alo] Wats | That’s was beautiful ! 271°] 4mAazs |! I think that will be beautiful ! 14-6} Sar A} eto] ek | He is Korean!- jee] Sta Abo] YTS | He was Korean ! Ate] Star A eo| ATS | I think he is Korean! 1 Ao] 7) Yt2! That book is here!
Unit 10 L15 1 Ao] 47] YAS | That book was here! a ajo) 47] VATS! I think that book is here! Note: -=W-& is attached to action verb stems in the present tense ; —~.2 is attached to all other cases. IV. The Particle -0|--- : ‘to’ We have already studied the particle -¢l], which indicates that something or someone is STATIONARY ina place. For example, 271°] a4] 9]GuUjct ‘That is in the classroom, 227°] Jo] Uc} ‘That is not at home.’ We have also studied the particle -°l], when it indicates the time at which something takes place. For example, -— 4] ¥tol]_ %4]t} ‘Let’s go at two thirty,’ 4] Ale] 2444 ‘I finish at three o’clock.’ When this particle -¢l], however, is attached directly to a place word and is followed by 7} t+} or t}, 2 or their compounds, it indicats a specific destination. Examples : A=] 4A TEN Let’s go to Seoul. stato] BeUctN I came to school. Alo 7FAGUTEN I will go to the classroom. ARPA] 2AYA]L.N Please come to the office. 14-0] #7] Alo] 2eeuchN\ He went to the recreation room. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY AJAke} wife ay) two days after tomorrow a husband 133) three days after tomorrow al-- friend | A yesterday yea tomorrow 14) 7 the day before yesterday a the day after tomorrow =1114{7]_ two days before yesterday A. Substitution Drill 1. Fea ABS AASuaNn I bought a book and a pencil. 2. ahs} aes Ateuchn I bought black tea and sugar. 3. Eee A}. Ake th, I bought grapes and apples. 4, Bolstat HAs 4Areuc\ I bought peaches and watermelons.
Unit 10 BAS AUTEN hIgs Ach N ZEAE Ake}, \ Substitution Drill Dm OoF&F WD NO EHon . do] 134-0] Salo] 7A) B! or tl cd al =e AAS APleSts 1a Bye Ay 4 PAS Ba AS SPISTAIO Substitution Drill HT F&F WWLY Fe oN D , Alo ZEN _ ao , aS AA tt, Ns a) APA eos - WMAbtel) 4b4] eR a} Zba] ch N ALE Alel| ZR) ch N spo Zbal ch N ogel aA) th. \ Pattern Drill Teacher: 1710] 2°}. Student: 271°] #72! Fe WHLTO e oN DT | 3o}7} 17 °] . 2A] ee | ; S| , las . 7A] , ee qAyAq2.0 Aa. Ar APO}. REQ A $2.0 Up Hw} SA I bought melons and coffee. I bought a book and a notebook. I bought a pencil and a fountain pen. I bought a house and a car. He is going to school ! He is studying ! He is eating lunch! He is sleeping in the room! He is doing his homework ! He is swimming ! He is starting working! He is taking a walk! Let’s go home. Let’s go to school. Let’s go to the laundry. Let’s go to the Embassy. Let’s go to the rest room. Let’s go to the office. Let’s go to the room. Let’s go to the garden. It’s good. It’s good ! Bory ola ge ae les Ae] Atala chee) Siar a ees Aas] aera AA] Fe 1A —Lt?| Sa as Zo] Uma eI A 4°] Bp S
Unit 10 | 117 E. Response Drill 1 Pst Bo] RHA IA OT FeWLDD OND FR Bo] BPR A HPD Ze] HYSpYH LIA SPD Zo] Aalspyo} 2.7.0 SPD Ze] dsp 270 PD Zo] EAs L709 PSL Zo] AYA. 270 PD Vo] BRL IO F. Pattern Drill Dm OTF&F WwWDH Fe oN Teacher: 443 HURL Student: 23 a4ls As Wy} ADTRI A . Salo] 7A ir AE le . ALLOA oT ena, C . WZ} SAP e ah Ree gh Se. G. Pattern Drill Dm oO FPWHL Teacher: #2 Ye] YAHR.4 Student: FG #2 Yo] Wyo eae a cake fim kgs hea cen ge ee S/O es He ae] georgia BRE de] gle]2.o Be Ao] goya.n _ Angle We] gos. EAs Zo] SAMA. A AA atD. Bo) 7c} a0 gestn Zo] Begyo]a.n I’m eating lunch. It’s lunch time already ! 3] State] 2 a7} FUT L!O a Se W7t AMTB! Oo aa 7tS4l a7} AMT a 1 aa Zt 7} AQTL! aa] pase q7} Adal aay a7; Ape 7} AMA! aa det Wt Fata! aa dos W7t FUra!o I have a good news. What’s the good news? Or: Do you have anything in mind? Haz Ue] Wee? 7 = 9) Ql SAIS A ele or Al at 7 i) sewtan Redes ect, Baier Whe el Sie 4 qo 4uayty lof} fy APS Ge] g]ea 2? 7
118 Unit 11 UNIT 11 EHA| Taxi BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE e}c} to get in, to ride a Al oe 1. 4A yan Ade Please get in. Where shall we go? ANB 20 & " 2. H#s}Feoe Z|] N Let’s go to Kwanghwa-mun. ZX) weather a} really, very ne a: 3. SAZE ap S412 77 It’s very fine weather, isn’t it ? sss W Ar Ae See eels Gb Oe ey Of course, it’s fine weather. 7realeys, Flv Hisatall all Pg ees 5. th 3°28 4 We've arrived. WSLolo Qa This is Kwanghwa-mun. ip fare é u 6. 25) Guz eee How much is the fare ? 1 4 A} 7. AFA QW olo] Qi a 3,500 won. e ” 8, Fala Wdode.a Thank you. X77] Glee. A Here is the money.
Unit 11 119 a NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES . E}t} means ‘to ride (a horse),’ ‘to take (a train),’ ‘to take a ride in (a car),’ ‘to get on [into] (a train, a plane).’ The opposite of E}t} is We]c} ‘to get off, ‘to get out of.’ study the following examples: we ey Jpeg. Pll go on horseback. 7) AS HH Ich. Let’s get into a train. BJAa7IS BH]. Let’s get aboard an airplane. 7) a2] YZ g. Get off a train, please. . 144 ‘weather’ is a pure Korean, while ©Y%7] ‘weather’ is derived from Chinese. 7]-= means ‘climate,’ (such as oceanic or continental climate). Study the following examples: AR)7} Of SOkk, It’s very fine weather. 217)|7} $2) 2Fok8., It’s not good weather. 7|\=7} So}8, The climate is good. . ¥| is an exclamatory expression of admiration, surprise or a child’s winning ways. It corresponds to the English ‘what! ‘but anyway,’ ‘somehow or other.’ Study the following examples: ¥] 2°] F942 ? What ! Is he dead? ¥] Gu}he ? What ! How much did you Say it is? FB] w#toHR, Never mind. . t} means (1) ‘all,’ ‘everything,’ ‘everybody,’ (2) ‘almost,’ ‘nearly,’ (3) ‘completely,’ ‘indeed.’ Study the following examples: th Zo] Z}4] ch, Let us go all together. te 3°42, We've arrived. or All of us have come. or All are here. 140] t+ So] 7}Q, He is almost to die. 4] BFS cl 3}4} Uc, Don’t mention it. or Not at all. IEE ao, Now, I’ve seen everything. ‘ . &=+ means ‘(the amount of) a charge,’ ‘a fare, ‘a rate, eg. =-E2a ‘water rate, 717)2 ‘power rate.’ _ 4513}440]2 (past tense) means literally ‘You took great pains.’ This expression is used to show appreciation for what someone has done for you. 7323} A]Uc} (present tense) means literally ‘You are taking great pains,’ or ‘It is toilgome on your part.’ This expression is used to greet someone who is working hard. 4-323}4]2& or at 3}4}4]2 is used when you part from someone who is actually working.
iE 120 Unit 11 STRUCTURE NOTES The Particle -(2)= -- : ‘to’ We have studied the particle -(©&)=, which indicates a means with which someone performs an action, or by which someone drives or moves about. For example, %4¥83= A&WFUc ‘JI wrote with a fountain pen, HAE 44/4 ‘Let’s go by bus.’ It indicates a specific destination, however, when the particle -(2) 2 is attached directly to a place word. Examples : WAZ weet, I went to the classroom. ASE 4A) ch. Let’s go to Seoul. APPALE QAJAlL. Please come to ‘the office. tame $4uUc, I came to school. Aloe Soesque., I returned home. Hoe 3°44}4I]ch, Let’s go into the room. Notes: 1. -% is used after noun ending in a vowel or the consonant -= ; -©.= is used after nouns ending in all consonants except -#, 2. The particle -(2)= ‘to’ is interchangeable with -¢l] ‘to,’ making no difference in meaning. Study the following examples: Ae Alc. Let’s go to Seoul. AVS] 444) ch Let’s go to Seoul. The Sentence-Final Ending -A|& : The sentence-final ending -%] & is used with any verb. It can be used in casual questions, statements, propositions and commands, and usually invites confirmation or agreement. The English equivalent of this pattern is ‘I suppose (guess, think),’ ‘I daresay,’ ‘you know,’ ‘if I am not mistaken,’ ‘I bet,’ etc. (1) In questions : -%] 2 is used frequently as a tag-ending with a rising intonation, and indicates doubt or supposition. 1A1°] 4 Sz) 27 7 That’s very good, isn’t it ? Ao] FAo]z|2? 7 He’s a student, isn’t he ? ©] Ao) zaqulglz]27 7 This book is interesting, I suppose. ao] =z] 2.7 7 Who is he?
Unit 11 121 ©] Alo] ojo] z] 3.7 7 What is this ? (2) In statements : -%] 2 is used frequently for giving information, and has a falling intonation. I4-= 4 2z)82.0 He is also very big. AA 2 AWal]ez]e.a That’s also very interesting. AHS AMPA] QZ] 2,0 He is in the office. Us SYz)2.0 I also heard about it. (3) In propositions and commands: -%] 8, when used as an insistent suggestion or command, has a loud quick fall on the last syllable. 47] YoAlzlQ oN Let’s sit down here. (propositive) Stats SS}4] 2] 2. \ Study Korean, please. (imperative) Note: When the -2].2 form is used with interrogative pronouns, the final contour is always ‘a rising pitch. (When the interrogative pronoun is in a sentence without the -%] 2- form, the final contour is usually a falling pitch.) III. The Sentence-Final Ending -2 BYUR--: ‘of course’ IV. The pattern -a2 528 is used with any verb, and corresponds to the English ‘there is no doubt about it that...,’ ‘it is needless to say that...,’ ‘it is a matter of course that...,’ etc. Examples : 1 OF Az}7} aust Bag, There is no doubt that she is beautiful. o] ao] $7 Bae, It is needless to say that this book is good. He) 7a 8 Of course I will go tomorrow. =o] ar Wag, Of course I have money. 1440] 4 z}o] a Bag, Of couse he is a rich man. The Exclamatory Ending -L(2)d/2/-Edl& : The sentence-final ending -t (2) a] 2/-=u]2 may be used with any verb. It indicates interest, surprise, delight, astonishment, wonder, etc. This exclamatory ending is used mostly when a speaker is wondering about the reactions or feelings of the hearer, while showing his own interest, delight or astonishment about a certain fact, event or occurrence.
ZZ Examples. Ll Ff Ab7} 4} Aa] 2 ! a Ajo] 17°] ao] ae} 1440] AFT] Abt] At] Ate] = AS] =L aio] Bie) Notes: 1. -L (2) a] 2 oF SLUTS! APA g] 2. | Sale] 7HEU] 2! stale] 4H] 2 | stall] 7a] 2 |} Bea] 2 ! BAS ! ebay Ab eto] =a] 2 |! aay Abo] AEA 2 |! Uy Htel] geal] 2 | YHtel] Uae al& ! We] Valea 2 ! Unit 11 She is very beautiful ! That book is very good! That is an office! He is going to school! He went to school ! I think he will go to school ! There were many people! I think there will be many people! He was a Korean! I think he will be a Korean ! That book is in my room! That book was in my room! I think that book will be in my room! is attached to description verb stems in the present tense, and to the verb of identification ©]t} in the present tense. -u 4] & is used after verb stems ending in a vowel; --2-u]& is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. 2. -~=u]2 is attached to all other cases. 3. The final contour of the intonation, depending on the speaker’s emotion or feelings, can rise or fall. ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY =°|7}t} «to go in =3°¢12tt to come in aa] 8c} to be beautiful A. Substitution Drill 1. 276] ARRALel a} | 2. 20] 9}mzel qs| 3. Alo] Aletrelu]s |! 4, 5 6 are] HARE aa] 2 | | aaee] AY elas | | 20] Sapgelal | eee a Ge DRILLS YI early we] quickly AAS] slowly That is an office ! He is a diplomat ! That is a laundry! He is an Ambassdor ! He is a Father! He is a Pastor !
Unit 11 7. 2A] Zsa aia That is a subway ! 8. 2A] 344 eia That is a rest room! B. Pattern Drill Teacher: Jol] 4}4] th \ Let’s go home. Student: 4oz 74] \ Let’s go home. 1. AKA] Zk BL APTA ZU BO 2. S44ol] 7a aL SAAS 7HAMAL A 3. spate. 7h kes Sale Zhao 4. atte] 7} 2.0 Ape Seer ore We 5. THA] SO 2.4 THHAPBLE BHI A 6. Hyol] BO] Zo 2.4 Hoe So] Zo] 24 7. wAle] SHR. a Se ee oS Se 8 . AS] 4Al th N ANAS 4A] tN C. Pattern Drill ; Teacher: 24°] Bz|S ATe2!a He wrote a letter! Student: 240] HZ]S ¥AeEedeta He wrote a letter ! 1. THe] HAbe) ZF A #0] PA] ZHEUA | A 2. ial BPaleer Alar ea sar ©) Ol Sate SIE! es 3. THe] WA SPAEL IO AHS] Ho FPMEM BI 4. ao] SABpAee | A 2-0] SARLER AA 5. 2] AS AAA A IA = Ho] AS AlAs Saal 6. 226) SYS ARBVELI A ave] BAS AREA! 7, 1¥0) 2Qa) BREA! A HS] 2g) desea to 8. 1¥0] sag] ABA IO =o] Sate] AAAS 1 5 D. Pattern Drill Teacher: 24°] BZ4|S ZETTAI He is writing a letter ! Student: 244o]) Bz4)S ZEA! O He is writing a letter ! 1. ARo] SRIETL IO ee] BPS! A 2. Bo] AMSTEL! A Bo] Aa sHEW] A 10 3. 2H] Faspera!o aie?) =i shee Se il mer ile ae =| = 6 She a
124 Unit 11 aE UA Wepsees ttl ao] aad ee ait ics SAAS Bohs wp 2! IL as a0] SAS EMBEY] @ was . Deo] Fes Soes-eTs2! a BHo] dese Sopspeq sain . aHo) SYS qVea]wz 7H IA ao] SYS daa 7ReWMa!o H (r AS Pattern Drill Teacher: @b=-8Fo] ATL! Korean is easy ! Student: ¢}8ro] 4]24]2!- ~~ Korean is easy! 1. Bey} ABBA 0 Boyt eA Las 10 2. Uh I ee aes 3. Bek wes 15 Qe wiebatd sto q, 7°) as ize °| 4] SS es 6. Lh AAP aie ees 1 oF zp7} Aho Qia 6. BA gaze] ser 2la WA) 27°] Ay Ql a 7. BaL7|7} BARES! Ba7|7} BAER! 8. To] Hema e! a ao] HRB] 21 Response Drill Teacher: )]7} 2 2])2.7 7 It’s very fine weather, isn’t it ? Student: 2438, 231 YAk,.- Of course, it’s fine weather. 1. 2 Ap} wz 27? 7 292,0 qa Bpase. a 2. Qub wy] 2? 7 298,00 Hepa Bae 4 3. eta xro] o/ 2] 2.7 7 292,00 8a Bag. 4. So7} ez|/2-77 EL 3) Shs) at ean earn 5. ceo) sb7s7]2.2 7 AYQSL A Bhs BAW A 6. <2 zy} 22) 2.7 7 22,0 Apal BHag A 7. 222 wpez)] 2? 7 2Y2,0 Bo Was A 8. AAl7} R92] 2? 7 292,00 Ha Baws A Pattern Drill Teacher: @}¢¥t}-S +236}. 2,- Study Korean, please. Student: @bt-S 3-46}4]2] 2. \Study Korean, please. 1. 74 7]epe] a 3 of7]44 7) che} 4] 21.2, \ 2. TRS ESA A AHS ESEAZAN 3. we) AlAs} a. 0 mbe] Alaba}] 2]. \ 4. F714 FRB 7) PALZLQN 5. Was) AAA AAs] AIALQN 6. HS You ein YS Yorja|.2.\
‘e 8. Unit 11 5 PSYS BAAR MSHS 7BA)719.\ aay dopa. aa dejup)a|a.\ H. Pattern Drill rt WwWHS KFnon Teacher: 244°] aJo] 9J-¢ 2! He has a book! Student: 24°] Alo] 9J=u] 8 ! AHe has a book! Sete?) 9) Siar Se fms ie S| Peo | 69S u 21 . AJ AV °] MS! AI] Abo] Gea! o AZIZ Sot ho ALA\7} BQY=U SB! ALF7} RATB! Oo ALF7} RWB=A BA! . Hels eto] Siar & la Ho] 4BFo] Meu] ala _ AZo) Pye] WEBI ARe] vga] Beas! 0
BOOK I
Unit 12 27, UNIT 12 A|Z Market BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE A] A} market Zro] together ie ne 1. A] 4to]] Zo] of FAAS 2 Won't we go to the market together ? AS now 3 a 2. 4, 274 = 7A. That’s right. I cannot go now. mA] what time wm Ale about what time 4+ 8 3. BAe 7pPIANS 2 About what time will you go? Ay I uy] A|= about four o’clock An 4, Au] Ale FHA. I'll go about four o’clock. oj which 4+ Af 5, Fe AA] 7RIAANL? Which market will you go to? dq) e the Great South-Gate a 6. dst 4) 4Fo] FAIS. I’ll go to the Great South-Gate market. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1. ae ope, Please repeat after me. 2. 4 So] BAR. Please listen well. 3, eto} SOA 2 ? Did you understand me? Or: Did you get the meaning ?
128 Unit 12 NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 4. Al is a contraction of 41 =, ‘I (in comparison with others),’ 4 ‘T’ is used always with the contrast particle = (4]=), while ”], also meaning ‘I,’ is used always with the subject particle -7} (A]7}). ~1Ge) and 4 (7}) are used to indicate reverence or respect on the part of the speaker for the person spoken to. In other words, 4| = and 4] 7} are words used by the speaker to demonstrate or express his own humility and, at the same time, to show his respect for the person with whom he is speaking. ut and Uj also mean ‘I,’ 4} is used regularly with the contrast particle -= (+=), whereas 4] is used always with the subject particle -7} (H7h). ub (=) and 4.7} are common words used when speaking to social inferiors or to persons of equal status in the Korean social system. However, these days, there is a tendency for people not to distinguish between 4] and U4, 4] and UL. 5. | ‘which’ is a noun modifier, and is therefore followed always by a noun. 6. tdtHat (Great South-Gate) is located in the vicinity of Seoul Station: It is designated National Treasure #1. It was constructed by Yi t’aejo, the founder of the Yi Dynasty in 1396. The present structure was built in 1448 during the reign of Sejong, (the 4th King), and is the oldest wooden structure in Seoul. Three Chinese characters, Sung Ye Mun, meaning ‘Admire Virtue Gate,’ were written for the gate by Prince Yangyong, elder brother of King Sejong. STRUCTURE NOTES I. Answers to Negative Question : The word 4] is used to mean ‘what you've said is correct,’ whereas the word ©} U2. is used to mean ‘what you’ve said is incorrect.’ Therefore, when you ask a negative question, the standard Korean answers 4] and °}'|2 turn out to be completely opposite from the English ‘yes’ and ‘no.’ The English answers ‘yes’ and ‘no’ to negative questions are used to affirm or deny the facts themselves, rather than the statement about the fact. Examples : SHs}7| 471? Aren’t you studying ? 4], Ss] Sed, That’s right. I’m not studying.
WE Unit 12 129 oye, oe 4c, That’s not right. I’m studying. BUSA] BU 7? Aren’t you tired ? a], S32] euch, That’s right. I’m not tired. oye, AHF YcH, That’s not right. I’m tired. Warning : The Korean usage of o] and ©}'}|2 in response to negative questions is as foreign for an American studying Korean, as the English usage of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ is for a Korean studying English. When a Korean does not speak English fluently, and you state a question in a negative way, like ‘Won’t you go?,’ a single-word answer ‘Yes’ from many Koreans means ‘Yes, I won’t go.’ The Adverb 3--:: : ‘can’t,’ ‘won’t,’ ‘not (possible) ’ This adverb -£- is used mostly with action verbs, and indicates impossibility, strong denial or refusal, or the quality or state of being impossible. It corresponds to the English ‘can’t,’ ‘won't,’ ‘not (possible) ,’ ‘under no circumstances,’ ‘definitely not,’ etc., depending on the context or situation. Examples : 2 HAsuUdc, I can’t eat. Or: I won’t eat. Or: I refuse to eat. a AS B AGU, I couldn’t buy that book. of al eto] & akezeuct, I couldn’t sleep last night. o] AS BF WASsud, I can’t read this book. Or: I won’t read this book. Or: I refuse to read this book. =e EseAaguet., I can’t help you. Or: I won’t help you. Or: I refuse to help you. Notes: 1. There are two ways of using the adverb -R- : %-+ action verb, or action verb stem+-z%] -£8}t}. It makes no difference in meaning. See the following examples: & 7Aaleudct lcan’tgo. 7}A| BoA 2 Ww9sFUdc. I couldn’t read. H4] MSU. 2. The adverb - is not placed before verbs such as este} or = Atsttt, which are a combination of a noun and the verb -3}t}. X- is always placed directly before -8}t}, immediately following its noun component, as in the following examples:
130 Unit 12 Zee es ath (awkward) oS = Wee (correct) I could not study. SPs 3] FUSUT. (correct) I could not study. 3. An exception to the meaning of %- occurs when it is used with description verbs, such as €t} or o]##t}. In these instances, the meaning is simply negative, and doesn’t imply impossibility, refusal or any of the other meanings that it has when used with action verbs. See the following examples: a1#e £2) 2e4cuct, He is not good. L Of}F7 PRS ABZ) BSF] cH, That lady is not beautiful. III. The Suffix -%--- : ‘about’ The suffix - is attached to time, place or quantity expression, which ask or answer the questions: ‘what time ?,’ ‘when ?,’ ‘how long ?,’ ‘how far ?,’ ‘how much ?,’ ‘where ?,’ etc. It indicates an approximate point in time, place or quantity. Examples : BAS 7PrlAaU7? About what time will you go? u] Ale 7}aeUc. V’ll go about four o’clock. AalS gjaseu7}? About when will you leave ? Bye gquasuea, I’ll leave about the day after tomorrow. aus AA AGU 71? About how long will you stay ? AMAZE WAGU7? I’ll stay about three days. Ee LAU 7? About how many people came ? OA 2S Steud. About five people came. HS Vet? About where is it ? Notes: The suffix -, when followed by the expression +44] 9it} ‘no problem,’ is also used to tease someone about something. See the following examples : o] ASS Faz] gezuct, This book is no problem. ERO UA Guth, Money is no problem. DRILLS ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY cls to sit (down) 2. clothes, costume 4c} to stand (up) et} to listen
Unit 12 131 -733}c} to watch (with interest), to sightsee 3]343}ct} to be tired ufc} to leave A. Substitution Drill 1 & Ho] au]9lo7 ge ? TEE Ss ROR irc Wh Sh se oj = eo) eon 4. Oo] Ho] Apoh.8 2 SD es Field a Sa 6. o] Bo] a7p2 7 (ee se] ots Sed See S| ret B. Substitution Drill BAe 7}A\ Ao 27 2. 8 AlS wp alo} 2? wy Ab Se 6iirels Re 4. 8 1S Moh pajaoys 2 5. BAS PAs Mola? 6. BAS SAI AIa? (Bale detsislaleie 8. BAS Ses IAs C. Pattern Drill Teacher: 4Jol] 2quUtt. Student: el] cb atu. a = Adee. = mAs. i 2 ae Yoyteue, . 2 Alo) AUC. OO FPWHLeND D. Pattern Drill abs}c} to speak Lys =e to sing a song Bed to do not know, to be unware of Which person is interesting ? Which person is better ? Which person is bigger ? Which person is smaller ? Which person is busier ? Which person is unoccupied ? Which person is alright ? Which person doesn’t know it ? About what time will you go? About what time will you leave ? About what time will you go sightseeing ? About what time will you get up? About what time will you swim ? About what time will you go mountainclimbing ? About what time will you take a walk ? About what time will you study ? I went home. I did not go home. ofS ok Suey, 2 ae % aah. = Ajo Vea et,
TeZ, Teacher: 2Baasu Student: 23S ef 3 1. 4ABsASUc. 2. 2]4F3}eU eh. 3. Salsa. 4. Sabsaledd. 5. Vspaeuch, 6. PARAS. 7. Sa aeud. 8. wepeud, . Pattern Drill Unit 12 Teacher: E29} ea gue, Student : ed a= Ger hee 2. 7) cel eet. 3. ae eh 4. + A\o] ZUASUet. 5. 7k alelan hae ch. 6. AS yaAsyet, 7. 47)el) kale ch, 8. AAU, . Pattern Drill Teacher: % 4} cH, Student : DS BYfr>t ofayofh oy tlo al» &ru{ru nun yt >a. G. Pattern Drill Teacher : Student : 7}A) BAPAC, B Edeaeuc, I will study. I won't study. sae. AAAS ek shale. SAS ot stale. = t sae. (2) = t seu, tt aed. > 4olf ml a -& loilo otf 2} sec, I will help you. I can’t help you. Or: I refuse to help you. Or: I won’t help you. & 2A Aedd. BR ceased. Yd & Yaesu. = Ala) & BASU, W7} & dele aed, ae ¥ ase, of7) a] & eal euch, BAAS. I can’t go. I can’t go. =7| Bec. RA] RPC, AA] BYU. Aas FE] PU. AS AA) Fe. Wa\s 27] Fc. Ale oO 414] Bech. ke U4) Sect. I couldn’t study. I couldn’t study.
1. HS FS 318. 2. Al4te KH Bos 3. FalS FB Boa, 4. SAld HE Hols 5. ~SS # Woe 6. HAS HE aoe, 7. De % ao S| 8. HS EF Hole . Response Drill Teacher: 2-8}%] 93447}? Student: ], 7 AlZ] BHAI . Pals] %HFU74? $7] au? . hs) eeu? HEEB A] ot<>1] 7} ? | a2) Be? Zab] eet? _ az] 8eu7}? Response Drill Teacher: 2#3}4] 94-7}? Student: °} 42, @44} Uc}, sous: lipase peal cla _ ebay] Be 7t? & $opsy] Bey}? ASA EU? U7? a] eeu? $HU 7? = 44] Beu7? SHORT STORIES Fk eHoN OOH H sib =) =] ss es ° + x run ‘ » 52 2} S} 2] AR ONSIA ae LYyo et a Zea] 8eud., Unit 12 Ol eAlerts emer 24 DWfettlo lo pXof 133 a}7] Bao}g, sty] Bas, a}2] Bayol.2., s}2] Bajo} 2. a}2] Bao} 2. apa] Hehe] a, 1A) Bahe].2, 1A) Raho] s. mu ufoftle lo mifo oy { Aren’t you studying ? oj], ae ails Sp eH si SM el That’s right. I’m not studying. 7) ea) Zh Or eer ans] 84. $4) add. as] fed, Aren’t you studying ? That’s not right. I’m studying. oye, eur, ope, s}ebgh yr}, oe, 2ES Foe} yh hye, 22S aR ope, Bch. oe, BAS ct. oye, Ueye} ys, $S WUT. wr} to be many, to be much 1. ayaa. Zo] 2] Ao) Zh. Alapeol| AbRbo] wEshee Ue. aay 3 BYU. 2. tal tases Sr Te Ley A] = Z}s}t} to be complicated, therefore, so to be crowded
134 Unit 12 atapeto] 4b Aelsieeuct. oe 4)-tel ste 214 et. Al) A| Shel 7) Sat. 3, ao] z]S 4) Ao] ZICH. a2] but, and (yet) Seite 7 ae ee HustH because ups 2] of} wR ch. o}=>= very, entirely READING AS SQ, taedsS Sele etarse) ARTE: Ay aseto] Yea. talolal Seu. obs Ale SAF Ate Ay | Ge) 7p oe a ete ee aE Pee a Ae are teh, Bie abel tee AS 4c, aaa Sale get. adel sal7} ede. 44 Al] A4S Aer, aya a tt 4)74) SP de. SF Aled i" r nu auch, 212444 but 3-el] in a day gee the afternoon, the p.m. are) Gane BRIEFING I am a student. I am studying Korean. Korean is interesting. But Korean is difficult. I am studying at school. I start studying at 9. It ends at 3: 30 in the afternoon. I study five hours a day. I go home about 4 o’clock. I go home by bus. I rest about one hour at home. And I do my homework. But I have a lot of homework. I eat supper at 6. And I study until 11. I go to bed at 12. Korean Porverb: aya ae Bea zy If he succeeds, man praises himself ; if he fails, he blames his ancestors. Notes: A man claims merit for himself when getting good results, but blames other people when getting bad results in any undertaking.
Unit 13 UNIT 13 Snfolle 2 BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE A\ ZA au} yu} 1. AZo] Af] 2? 2ut 2) 3] 2. 2Hb ojo] 2 3H 4] abc} APC} Hy} 3. HY 2B] e427? & Ae]. AER Al 4 A La Ae Sa a ey 2 | All (7}) = ALC} | a} De hy SA Alek Al 7} then SyAlBleote) 3] Ge Gy Apia Rbi apa 2 135 How Much Is It ? that thing over there how much Adel ol How much is that over there ? fifty thousand won Sup he It’s fifty thousand won. why to be expensive a little to come down A a Why is it so expensive? Let’s cut the price a little. forty thousand five thousand P~ a Then, please give me only forty five thousand won. el more I clothes to buy Al Let’s reduce the price a little bit more. I’ll buy these clothes too. Then, please give me only forty thousand won.
136 Unit 13 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS : MEMORIZE 1, Se BAe Please ask (me). 2. Adop is. Please answer. 3. 4) a Ba, Please try to say (do) it again. NOTES ON THE BASIC SENTENCES 2. -%1 is a Korean money classifier. It is used always with the Chinese derived numbers. According to the currency exchange rate in effect at the time of publication of this book, (1990), about 710 won equals one U.S. dollar. 3. +42 ‘please give (me such-and-such)’ is the informal-polite style of =-4J4] £., which is the formal-polite style. 5. | means ‘more,’ ‘longer.’ Its opposite word is © ‘less,’ ‘incompletely.’ STRUCTURE NOTES I. Independent Nouns and Dependent Nouns: Korean nouns are classified into two groups: i.e., independent nouns and dependent nouns. Independent nouns are nouns that function as free forms by themselves, without requiring or relying on other words for support. On the other hand, dependent nouns do require or rely on other words for support. Examples : Independent Nouns: Dependent Nouns: spy student -7 thing say notebook -44+ person uhd4 fountain pen -4] place Notes: 1. Dependent nouns are always preceded by some other words, such as demonstratives or modifiers. See the following examples: °| 7 this thing o|4+ this person pal 5 that thing “14+ that person AZ that thing over there A\4+ that person over there = =2- ud] good place 2. A dependent noun and its preceding modifier function together as an independent noun. II. The Particle -?t--> : ‘only’ The particle -"t can be attached to almost any word of a sentence. It refers always to the word to which it is attached, and indicates exclusiveness. It can
Il. Unit 13 137 replace the subject particles -7}/-°] or the object particles -=/--&. It can be used along with other particles. Study the following examples: (a) Replacing the subject particles -7}/-0| : at 7ee4JUc, He is the only one teaching. AAV YA Alo] ZG, Only the teacher went home. ea set Ae] yeu ct, Only Korean is interesting. (b) Replacing the object particles -3/-S : Are Made 7ee24J Uc. I teach only Korean. o] Sub AAaeudd, Pll buy only these clothes. o] aal aque, I read only this book. (c) With other particles: AASo] DAA 9Gudct, Desks are in the classroom only. 14-0] twos 7-2 auc, He teaches only at school. Ue Yfo] et 2c, I work only at night. S}aL7EA] Bt yA] cH, Let’s go only as far as the school. The Particle -&-- : ‘also,’ ‘too,’ ‘even,’ ‘indeed’ Like the particle -¥ ‘only,’ the particle -=% can also be attached to almost any word of a sentence. The particle -= refers always to the word to which it is attached. Study the following examples: (a) Replacing the subject particle -7}/-9| : Ue eds: 7yeeA4]uc, I also teach Korean. AAS Aol] aed. The teacher also went home. Oo] AG S$Feue, This book also is good. (b) Replacing the object particles -3/-2 : Bete SHeyudc, I study Korean too. Ba7|= Foheyuect, I like pulgogi too. AT Atsqu ct, I bought a book too. (c) With other particles : Ajo AE 2424} UJ cH, I study at home too. Ho] = Ver}, I work at night too. aso) MAA 4c, He sleeps in the classroom too. Notes: 1. As we have seen in the above examples, the particle © ‘also’ can replace the subject particles -7}/-°] and the object particles -3/-&, It can be used with other particles as well. 2. The particle ©, when used with negative forms, places emphasis on the
138 Unit 13 negative form itself, or has the meaning of ‘even.’ See the following examples: 40] Salo] 7}Z])= euch, He does not even go to school. 4-0] SHS 327)E Sec, He does not even study. AFeto] zy] BASE YHdd, There are not so many people. 3. The particle -%, when used with an adverb, indicates admiration or places emphasis on the adverb itself. See the following examples: ae] Ae 4 4cH, He sleeps very well. o] Ao] YEE YAGyuec, This book is too difficult. 23°] 4 = 7}24)YGc, He is still teaching. IV. Adverbs: In Korean, as in any language, adverbs serve as modifiers of verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, clauses or whole sentences. Most description verbs can be changed into adverbs by attaching the suffix -7] to the verb stem. Examples : oq] BB Fy) beautifully a7 greatly, exceedingly aWA] 8A] in an interesting way BAA cheaply Some of the most frequently occurring adverbs are: 7} occasionally o}= very (much) 22euU but, however o}4] still 212314] but, and (yet) o}A]u}c} every morning SGT and Cree in the future BH (AY) = quite A frequently us too (much) AF well 3 always A\{u}ct+ every evening c}A] again Alo] at least 7} usually Al Aq gradually tHetS] ~~ very (much) 434]91°] absent-mindedly ero finally a a little bit oy oy] sometimes Fe mostly Bo] lots A} really yx already Ad Ad S| slowly BE ordinarily 4 very wz] quickly =s] frequently ATTY S| considerably a} 4} always
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY Al 3} c} to be kind #2414 3}t} to be unkind A. Substitution Drill , AZo] Anpol] 2.7 melas) UetAeN _ Ao] 9] Anpol] go] Aufl] & o] Fao} Anes eo] wha go] aupey 2 eo] Bop} anpel a _ ufo] 0] aopol.2 2 B. Substitution Drill . AAS 2A Molo] se g]o]ol] 2 oJ @lo}ol] 2. SA Volos LAL Ye)ol] 2, 2] 0] o]] 2 ojo] 2, ~ COTS aa ea a : O° ~ HI WH H a tlo scro & De al oS ICRSN Shol ya, oatpln!l: C. Pattern Drill | eo] Balaala, _ ANT} Bye, _ }7)7} PAD. 0] ajo] Soha, 0) Zo] BapsH.2, Bop} Beglo} A. 7. 2°) MPH s. F&F WODH nm D. Pattern Drill Teacher : i a Student : dae pe a Unit 13 139 DRILLS ac to be far 7}%t+ to be near, to be close How much is that over there ? How much is this book ? How much is this notebook ? How much is that pencil ? How much is this chalk ? How much is this fountain pen ? How much is this peach ? How much is this watermelon ? It’s five thousand won. It’s three thousand won. It’s two thousand won. It’s six thousand won. It’s seven thousand won. It’s eight thousand won. It’s nine thousand won. It’s ten thousand won. He is kind. He also is kind. ABE BADHS, A 7\ Bole oj 7] 7792 0] AS Soha, oS Baa 2. Bop Bg] 2, I#HE Se, I study Korean. I study Korean too.
140 Unit 13 1. 3a7|S Fokds. Ba7|= Fors. 2. AS Zye] 8, ane, FO at, 3. taps 7eBA8, cle ach Se es 4, US Ha, Us We, 5. Ws goa, alte. 2]o}2., 6. HZIS WB, Azle AL, 7. ASS HR, A} Bolg, 8. HS BQ. = BES, Pattern Drill Teacher: 4Jo]4] Safe. I study at home. Student: 4oAE Sa 2, I study at home too. 1. Ho] Gag, Hol] = Wa} 2, 2. Sale] 722. Fal Ae 77S 2, 3. urge] A] Atay 2, ufo Al = Ake ay 2, 4. FAAIA AAS. FA AWA E AWS, 5. w4loA, Fs Hoe, DAWAE AS ole, 6. Hol], AzlS AR, Wo AS AAS WL, 7. APPAIAL VaR, APTA AE Wa 2, 8. Skule] 7}8, sao] = 7S, Pattern Drill Teacher: eto] 7}4] eFohR, I don’t go to school. Student: @}aLol] 7}4]= eo}2, I don’t even go to school. 1. Gets Sys] Bots, Vets SLsZ|= Wore, 2. Atte] 412s}4] ots, zo] AlAs}2|— Zork, 3. 2¥0] Usha) gohe, Ho) VsA|E Vops, 4. -e| =| hohe, aLy-S| 27] efi oie. 5. Leo] ws}x) eo}.2, Ho] Bap]= Bors, 6. TES] uz) gore, a¥0) WyA|= Hops, 1c?) ele A] toh, 7°] Yo4u4z|/E ous, 8. Ae] 7c} e]4] Wore, 17°] 7] tHe] Z) Ee oHR, Pattern Drill Teacher: @b=+8ko] zu]9)o1 2, Korean is interesting.. Student: @b=tetel aAe]gloj sg, Only Korean is interesting. 1. 2He] Balga se. aut Balada 2. 2. AZ |Z) oe AZ|ar ao] 2, . 4 7|7) 7 Porat, of7] SE 7S
a] 7}BA44 2. ©] Afo] wae, 2 Bo] 2, Ba7|7} 39)°4 2, oO <1) OoOla of7|7; Spa 2, . Pattern Drill Teacher: +S 7}2 48, Student: ¢}utel 7242. ° Ze YH, Pattern Drill Unit 13 I teach Korean. I teach only Korean. Le Lael eo ee] aah S., 2. BS 4k] 2, ARE Ako] 2, 3. BW7|S Solas, SaU7|Rt Sotay 2, 4. Ste Ss. aaah Sa. coe Bole, ARE 4°] 2., 6. Wz)S WR, WAlRb WS. (ras eer ha AaY, | OR 8. -2-n} °] fo) wi 1., 141 Teacher: 240°] ao]A 7248. He teaches at school. Student: =22¢°] Sito] Ajek FFE 2, He teaches only at school. . Ato] aAle] gol a, to] Vas, . fa) 44 )c4. . Berge A] AbH ay 2, . FAIA AWS. . ARPA Al days. . BALA, SAP aHQ, eepeael] 7} 22 Pattern Drill Teacher: & | *% Jc}, =U x7) 1c. NS ny mD OH Fe C-L one uy gud. ey 4agudh. uo $gud., HS etyy & oy avjleuct. a}Afo] ate et ge]. 2, ube et el aH 2, spat7ba|et ZbA1 eh, Bhai] Ayah Abe a2 HAAR Ae. ALPALA ARE aH, AO ARE BPH L. stato] Rt 7ha., It’s a little cheaper. Let’s make it a little cheaper. cy aa) ech. Aba) a4. y al We. aN oAlgal Alc.
142 Unit 13 5. & O aed. & = Arlee 6. & 4 Veet. = oe) tic. 7.24 S334. = Sats) W]e. See) ile UE = 3A) Blt. SHORT STORIES 1. 4] 2-Fo] Ys so] 748. 4i 3}4] ~— department store ¥} 8}Joj]) E20] BSho} a. Ea a thing, goods ae) 71°] 4] 244 2, 2, 2a Of4jo} =A Slojiyo} s.. <7) late aay ofS a) BaHo] a. Al] v7} ase. ny 7} att} to be hungry 3d. eta |) Sar yA eh eae, AAS 7t=AIAZ] eFohk, AALS Ofo]Sstat AUl9l7] Boks, ctel= children =u} to play READING oj) Aula) SUCH, MEARE heck, AU] ae] aa] aot Uc, 2B) Aol Asbo] oH WAU, AHEAE oF Bh Such, eA OMe Babee}, se) Solzteuch, gale] q dase, UE SE UC, ABE eu, wade) geek, ale] vhdzle] 4 Sash, UE shar ehawel 4b Sud, UE AL A) asked, UF AS ao) Sepsheuch, 3°}7}t} to go in dS another, other 74 2] a salesman, a saleswoman =°}2t} to come back, to return BRIEFING I went downtown yesterday. I went by car. Downtown was not so far. But there were many people downtown. There were also many cars. So it was very crowded. I went into the department store. Salesgirls were very kind. I bought clothes. I also bought a fountain pen. Other than those items, I didn’t buy anything else. I came back home about 7 o’clock.
Unit 14 143 UNIT 14 +Tete|A] From Whom? BASIC SENTENCES : MEMORIZE ete Al from whom HA] letter Hu} A AY 1. + HetelA BAzl7} gt] 8 2 From whom did the letter come? ny mother Hien it & 2. YAWesteyA Bz)7} B98. The letter came from my mother. cael when of] Stel] to (your) mother 2} 3} ch to answer (a letter) a 3. AA] AAs] Gets la When will you answer your mother ? o12.7 2S Al ol this evening ut a reply letter x ad F 4, 9S Ado] tea g., I'll write a reply this evening. e] Vo] a week tz} how many letters ZAA| 2? do you write? + a A 5, 2 #ae] 2z)3 2 4 How many letters do you write a week ? ZAA| 2. ? Be usually, ordinarily AY ALS about three letters 3 a = 6. BE A Ae WS. I usually write about three letters.
144 Unit 14 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS: MEMORIZE 1. tH) Bee] 42. 2. tede a BAS. 3 Palo} o] 8) Or role. That’s correct. 4. BYo8, Or: BAR. That’s wrong. FAMILY TERMS: There are two kinds of family terms: NEUTRAL and EXALTED. The neutral terms, besides being used as general terms without reference to any particular Say it again, please. Please try to speak in Korean. individuals, are used when speaking to other people about yourself or members of your own family. Sometimes, the neutral terms are used in reference to anyone, without showing special deference. The exalted terms are used in reference to members of the families of others. It is customary to show deference to a person and his family by using exalted forms for kinship terms. When directly addressing a member of your family, you use the exalted term if the person is older. But you use the given name if the person is younger. Neutral words: Exalted words: Meaning : WAY WAY great-great-grandfather Bikes WARY great-great-grandmother eae Sa a great-grandfather gees Sauy great-grandmother ABD ZHEY grandparents so}H] 2] (#7) sop (4#y) grandfather aru (4B) ayy (42yY) grandmother cal a parents FA) both parents oH] A] (77-41) of} (22-44) father oyu (= 4)) HAY (Are) mother We WEY father’s sister oye ores mother’s sister ofA] x) (ae aces (ag c=) uncle SA} (24-47) "(2S ) mother’s brother o}FAU (4-H) oa (ey) aunt are on the wife of mother’s brother o;S est son a oy daughter Ga BPAY =S (H}goFHb) husband