Marchis, A - Structura si proiectarea tesaturilor

pcrtuitr) un s('hilrb de ter. lrr accst ttz. corl)ul sc ra lrol)ilizt pcrrtlu a lupta
corrtrn lrigultri (iutcnsificintl t'ir'crrlaIit). rlar', in schiutb, nrr tstc rlxpus (:on-
so('inIr:lor ulrri nrcr'liu intcriol rr]ucil si to\ir.
l'enetr'llrili latca aelrrlrri lit [t:siitrrri sc n\lrriru;r lrrin.tntitutr-'a r[c tcL
ltitt't'ttr'-sii. prirr l(X) cm2 dirt rrtristlu rlc arralizat. lrr tirrrp rle rrrr nrinrrt li in
t:olr[i1ii tlc lrrlrtr stabilitc. I)ett'rnrilarr)t s('.[ace cu ir.iutorul lparttelol rlcrrrr-
pturiittrccippti'ntrtl-'trr''(r)'crllierltiricrr.rnl'rrriirvtcaicpuiurrlnrr[(rr'ltI'rprrrret:stiiorrrrrarir)eirartrp-ocnc(.o'Irrrorllrnrecttlri'oololrrtrsrcrabtiar z(errltzcipi rlu)(-l
\ utit (1c altalizat.. I'tttttLu f itt'arc tip rIe lr:siiturii. se stabile ;tu rlepresirrrrt-.r uc-
('csilr:1, tritre rltttcrtttittii tt'r't.ct't:u ltlulLri 1rt'irr ntostra rlc trralizlt. Ptnt,rtr:rlti-
t'olc crt lorizitate terlttsir" cstc rclcslrir tr('irf('il rnl{'i (l(rpr('sirrni mai nlrri ti
itttors. l'ot Ii ilnilliziltr: lrlotlrrsr. loartt'rlriitt(,. tlrr l1 11.".-1 11rri Iilc cil \oal,
hatist, pirrii la 1)osta\uli. J'iItr('" l'il1rrri, pt'o strpralatai utilii rlt'2() r.rrr2. ]Ictot[a
rle lucltr t'tttt-ctri irt tronorttt'tltrt'ir rlrttllri rlr'lratrrrrrrlerr.:r ir0 Iacr prirr o;l.rr-
r etti,. la artit:olc r'rr Porozi tatt' I'rdrrsii. si 100 I aur. 1a !r'-*titurilc ltlot l)crro-
llabile. liezrrltttrr[ 5('{'\l)r'i nii plirr rnt'rliir ari truetilii t ir rlttr,rrrrirr:r.i. t'lIt.irlatc

ctt it.irrtorrrl rt'laliti

DI o- _300 /^ (e4)

t

iu t'iu'c :

Pr, cslc ptrnrcabilitatca lir ircr l trsiilur:ii. irr l/rrrirr/l(X) r'rn2:
litrii tlo atr trt'r'rrIi pi'in l]l'ohri;
t,, tirupul crononretrat Porlrrr [recer{'a r /o litri dc acr Plirr lrlol.rit

t-

Vitcza tlc rirt rrlalie a aertrltri est(r ull paLrntr:trrr eart: polte f i irrilrrcruIat.
lt'lioniutltr-sc asupl't ronlettrrlii. il ullrcsIr'('Lu'ilor rlc lilrc din r:ornporrenta fire.
Ior pi ntrtttrinrl. rle tor-*iuni. Itcntru trticoltlc rlcstinatc irrlrriiliiutintr.i rlo jalrrir.
bc \ or asigura !csiituri ltlai groase . r'rr intt'r'-.titii sirrrrcitsr,, irr torlrrrl 1r'siit.1rrii.
(1ilrc l)ol'rnit r,itczc nrici alc -.clriuilrtrlLri rlc aer (rle e\clltplu. Postarrrrile" stolclc
groasc rIe linti ('ardatli ])clrtrtt rostlurlt'rltr lut'r'rr, !rsiitrrrilt: pr:rrtr'rr pirlrlt:sic si

ltaltoane, plcdrrrilc etc.). l'}cntnt !csiitrrrilc t[c-stinitlo articolcl.trr'car'{-'s(] polrtii
ltt'l, so \-or crca fcsiitLrli rlc spittii rttitri irrl-r'r'firc. asigrrr:irrl o'ritczii rrrari rrrii
a strhinrlnrlLri rle ael'. i11 1,r'rI r'rtz" :r' \r)l' (la {irelor tolsirrni rrrai lrrali.
r,l irrte.rstiliilr: rlin tor'1rtt[ {t'sirl"rrrii sri I'ic tttiti Irrlirr sirrrroirst.. liisilrrl:ii l)(.ntlrr
trcitcti
tttai ultll a('rtll si. irr at't'la5i titrtp. itsigrrrirt,l rrr,lrrrlrirj rorr':ptrrrzirtor ultol'lr,sii-
ttrli nrai strl-r{ir:i 5i lrai l)u!in dcs('.

3.6. Hirlrofilia ;i higrosccpicitatea !esXturilor. Permeabilitatc h 'r.apori qi aerosoli

l[idrofilit leplczirrlir lapar'italca rrrrrri r,cx'p (irr cazul dc {tIii. tt'siitrrrl) rlc
l alrsorltit rtpit. l)t:nt.t'tt rlcttt'tttirtat't: se loloscsc rlr'torlcle : rltrterrnirrirre:r r ii,'zci
rlc ast'trrrsirrne r'apiltlii: sc arralizcazri citc {} clrrur-etc tle 50/j120 rrrru perrtrrr
liccltlc sctts (trrzealri si lr:il-irttrrii)" carc -qe iltirla-r. 1rc'r'ilrl. iu r:lunr[c al)ara-
lrr [ui rlt
tlctt'r'ntirrrtt t itcza rlc :tst't'ttsirrrrc t'apilurri. [iapiitLrl inl'r'r'ior aI eprrrietci

c-qtc intl'oiltrs crr 20 tttttt illL-o soIrrlic tlr,r alrri rlistilltri trr lrIaos rlc 2 0,'/6 eosirrii.
pe lt'oI sarr rrlci. '\t,'r'rrsirrrrr,t lir'lririrrIrri iri (.lrru\ ctil sc eurrtr.olr.azii titirrrlLr-st
t'tt{tt rtrspcctiyii 1rt'(t rig-Lr gr:arlata Jirl. rlin ir irr ir sirrr rlirr l0 irr l0 rrrirrrrtr..
ittlr-utr irttcrt-tl rlr: rlottir orr.. liczultllul sc c\printii l)ri1r inijllirrrct rrrcrlie t cc,lor
1i r'prutcl.t'. itt Ittrlt. s('l)iu'lt 1tt'tttt'tt scrrstrI rrlzelii 1i scrrrrrl lr;riirtrrrii. pr.rrtt.tr
{iclar,r tlrrrltri Ia t,are s-urr IircrrI lriisu.r.lrilc.

jllrs

fi{;11

',).rr) llf 11(lnp :lllnpr3,r.r.3r: 'lrJJr,nllrJrJ ut.l([ .flJ rn.rr[,r rrr.rrl l)ut.)il.ll rr.rorln.r ,.rtr1
-trrl trtp lotltl tt.t.ttlzt.rotlu,t rrettprt.rtI L:" t"r;rrrlo;rso.rl,1r11 lrrr.tllrrtl ,r1slr otinlos l-rlst]J:]\,
',.r11 ,.!)() rl i)t.llJllls [)ri)u oe 00q uc.rr;) o1riu6rr o.rlrJ .l()lllJl\o ull-Jlnr .(o.ro gJ,
tlu.- I f,) fll:rttttr.tcli)p lll?Jnl) o n.rlrrlrcl ixln(l\,) cs ri ,trLr 1'1_; :rp i)tztcJ.rd u.r 'ti:rr1
-rluur? r?irnrlltl t1 c;io.nilulc cs (cr:rlu,r'r^rlarnlda'rrrlu'ruqud) lu3o.lfiB lrlffrrlrrJ
'lrll?lllsrl ItIll oll f,lllt 0Z op o:lulrlrrnr o'.ruIIud ur'o.)nl)o.rlUr.)s'qrzrlutrrr lt.tlrrcJ
'nlortt.rdl nl lr.rctloen ilr.)rJI.Io ttn'qr.rrror.r;rtlns uelturT ul'prrIru'plurcorls BrU.toJ cl)
.rurltlrl tttun lrr.rolrrlu lr.) ljlnc,o\J :rs t,lrnrjrr.redo '.)lrnllsrroJ triBlnc.rF uo.roSrrrll
rr1 r^rrrltl l-rlrJsr.r r]F'.,) li.rnllsoj ap u1e.rn.rcl.,['lrdo;rso.rilrrl nrpcur uu-.rlrrr'q1e.rn;i

l-rlrlulrul o'lnrrrjuotr clsJ ulsJcr prrlc'91c.rrr.rlr o n;t lrracTole lrrartlrll.r rnl-.r'lrrrl)
rlplprrlJtI t l.ruzr.rodu,t ur.rd e1u1ne.r8 ep rr.ropqcs rorrprlrurJJlllp rr! l?lsrroJ r.rodu-\

rl1 tr.rnlts;ri lyiBltlrqucrrr.red pztIBrV'oprr[;]rl ollll rl) nrs qtlP op r.rorlu.r rq.ros([lr
t oP rr.rillBslj rr.rlulor.rrlo.rt{ elsa ! tolt.urlpsai D r..totl n:r, lrl 1)alDllltqDau.tai

rerh: r orjrl.tosqu cp elplrilpdpJ J,rr?ur turrr ro,i) lp ri rrnrlsrp
-lort1.it)1tltcs.t,or'rs^Joll,.lrtFrntrtrcT1.tBo.rrturtttj.ItttoootpufcrJtuTIot JoInolrrlqrlrrlSm.rlurii)os.rcBctteerllluu"ullnrezeror.;r.lrfuforraol s.untorol lo)'g'l.r.rr,1nru1ulr1B^rrssz.aori[.,rr'rro1rt.lrrrrrolc1zr;raeirsrcolli.rlullcnt.rtrtlJ.rol)o1rcrrr:1r.rrrr:1lt
-r^rrl p1nIt rtlr;pr1rtr1rrlllorplo.uroso]u.rlrBprrlllr'rnr.ronrr1rire;s,r,rriS1rnq.lcolsrr'Ilnrzolrr.o)cpl elr lnpu.tre ri
--{oJlill .r1r u,r1r1t,rrrTo;r
u.ntlusei uu1t1 r,rnrIu3

irs 'cln,)sll tale.rn.tr{e uolu';na.rB op rie} cc;snr1.nnolr.rrFrrc.)Ps'1Jn.ls(n)1d[]Ilenlrlurr!c-etoe.rcol ppncrlrll.ltolrrr.tr
ri 5Iu T'0 cl . .ruzrco.rrl nc o1a1;rtnrdr
--orrr1Turs-rdarrr6in1lo".%- gorgrrj"upoJli,cl,.IrlBI?OIJJJoltrr?i)cllrr\lerplrrunr-n.r:lrr-r?lz'rr.:rJoJcduo,.rrun.|r)'rulrrrpocrrrntlr r)p lplozlr oll
l-llu,r
rrn-.rlrrT osrrclrc
lrrrs
i)lrr.)sn slrlJ\nJtIlI'3.0II-90I u1 'o.rnuorirpuoo cll P,\lI]o rr! nns o.rttuotjrllU0;r cP
prlr:.rurlr ur alrrtlsrroc IljUna.ri uc.reFtnlp r.l1 l:trgrl pJnsn. ei- i)Jpc'(e.IrI op tr,)l
-src o.rpDorI n.rlrrarl 9 allc) rr[r 006/09 o]rrlnrr-uorurp n,r a1a'tn.rda 0I l)Illil[ e.)l?]
ls trjglrordoil-qo.rffrrl ro.rurrrrrr.rolo6 'rn1nd.ro;r r? L:Tuo,zJrurI cl) Insos-rJcI qJosqB clJ
or,o.lno. p'(q{r.rcrl:r| oiol'r-ru1eo'o.rreJ'rIJo.r irTr or.r.rfrr.l1) rl.to,r oP elUilrn^r;)!.r([rr! Jl)
,rolJlJ. rqo o1n elrrrerir o1rjpl;rr.rdo.rrl olio,tr.i([ cJ uao.r rrr'!jrrul.rorlrrrT oJurII o c,Ill
n;r1t1r;rrlooso.r"erll'rrrlT ri prrrr lrrrs Jrnlirlr rulrr alrlr:ilrIo;rsn"rffrrJ lrli urtrlsrp;r.rn.r
tlal';r111x;r1 cleJ(frl o.rlurO'(uo111 lnlnlolrrl.]t Jnzt.) ur'rlztto1'r:r.to.ttI .ls pottt lso;llr
-rru1rr)dlruqoe..rrnlpl.rrgsruJoo:prucl pl{;crl.nlc6'Jluilcr.[rr{nnl'rBqrtepllJrtr.).r;)nlcpps;rcipBr,arrllrelrc,l]rldrou?nsolr.'rp3.rrttJ1r'r1.rt;rrer{.'rraoirPrerzcl.lnrt;l)

r^r.l r.r01r?p 'llJr(Tt)i}r-oJoerrl lu!s lNI. cPqIrIiltf op olr.Illf -qJi r$ ala.rrJ 'nTclrulrc eq
'Lr.rrr1r-rs.ri r: nr?s .roTil.r I u l]ln rJJl)t i].nrll1.r1 o-.r1rrr.rrI 'o"prr1.r

-oilmr nps o-l)In.rLlrr'r-r1u'irr,rn11trt r1 olnocl .rrtp'.lr1c.tqr1 u glu.rrrfnrr elrler.ttlo.rd o

,)lsJ t.lq';)lil.rrl asrlpoJd lso.[ lur oJl];) rrrlr t3nrr.rrl tr.rilltur o1t crj;xru1 lrr clsa rillt?J
-r.rrrlo.-rso.rFr11 '.rrrtjrtottt o tt r* Trlrr lp r.torltt t ill l-rIIr.roJ ([lts rri)lr]lrl)rttrrl r([.ros([11
n ol) (t.nrlI,sej) r{.ror lnrrr} uJltlrT.rrlo.rrT clsa !!ielr:tttlotsotEry rt,ttrntrruJalaO

'!l tt[.I{]s-

-(rr rJ r] r-r.r?J olrrlli,rls lI lllspcJlr licuP nPs- flr.li)lutu rtt trlu l.zlto'trJrP J,q Ll.iull
r''Jolrllirrqinr.1rr.rornos.tr-l1r(:1lnrr;rcdr+ln)tpror'1trrr1o.r:trnrulo!)c(rnalzlsloua.o1ld.rr':Jl1oscu;llnosrernrcorJrIjn.r)rp.r)orqlrs'rprrprql)rrrtrn1lJrfJ.rrrnpl1Jp[lnt,'t]lrEt<lJlI[1.i))sllT) t0-rcrerpttrfrllur).nlrrrlq:rIt.trslrlrsol srt^Jr.nsrlllrrrloJrl^.qrls
n''Illrjrrrrulu*r.r00r0[0u11'-rolo.prrrlJ;r'rtJr-rrls)ilrqIrnrrlr.rrltl,l,c:o)rtrrpr:'rp:Tl.rrrc)tpr1rt.1'rq'(;o't.:1.1I1trl1;lrssri)pu.nIt.^rtr^ltlTtutzr!t:'lrpitlleoclr)>lr^tr^ul:1looorrItn'l.;t.lnrtr'Il1n.ultr'l.Jlr)oI(s1ltt.'rtsorlr'tit<tlllJsn.tr-tr'),rst,(rr[.ltJ?:o.Jtt[.pr1l
roln.rnl) l:3.rp.rli)1ro1oJlt u! lli Ela;rn.rclalid rldu c;r r.rn1r-rotrl .rollll rl.)Jtl-qtluI IrI l^rlsIroJ
r-fPolc(lr r-::lsuJ.lr? ! prln ap .to1t.nr7rl.tttl tt atit1.to"'t1t oP 1al]t.tltP t)).tDttt1tt.t)10(f

ro stabilr';tc pierclcrca rlc gr:t:ulato ir apci prin vaporiztLc. Pcrttteabili tatca la
vapoli s,' t'alculeaziL r:rr lelaIie :

rn,,: Mr- M, 100, (e5)
Mi

lil cl^lfc:

M; r'stc lrasa ini piali a agregatrrlui ;

Mt - lnasa agr'ogalulLri dupii vapolizar'e, dc Ia tt'eectca titupului,

Analiza se eI(:ctllouzri Ia l0 cpfu\e[t:, c-r;rurrirrd o datii citc linei pr'{'l,itriltr!
intr-un ('xi( iltor'. ltrzultatul sc c\llrilnl prin ntcrl ia valorilol obIirrute Ia celc
I0 dcterurinari.

Pernr.eubil,itatea lesCituriLtr lu uerosoli. Se detelnrinir in rnod sinrilar', t;a lir
llrol)a pl'ecedentii, cu deosobirc cii cricatolul cste inlocuit cu un curent tlc
acl'osoli, inr pahalul, cu uu 1ub prin crlc sc pr();e( teilzi uu ict de ael inerilcaI
cu aelosoli, ce sc ;,t'oicr'tlilzi p(' r'pru\ ctii.

3.?. Capacitatt'a tle izolarc termici a fes[turilor

Capac-itatr:a de izolarc tormici a rtnei fesiitrrri este cousirteratii tnristtfa in
carc aceasta rcfine clldura in stratul (rnetliul) dintre pestituri Fi un col'l]
invecinat (o alti lesrituri confecfional;i in inrbricirrninte sau piele). Aceaastii
proprietatc cste conditionalil de o scl'ie dr' {tt'tori. prinlre caLe: natuLa lllit-
teriei prime, densitalea ilpal'enta a fjrckrr ;ii a fcsirturii, porozitltea !esittrrrii,
grosimea lesriturii, finisajrrl aplicat. dilcclit tlc propagart: a craldurii. In prin-
cipal, capacitatea de izolarc tennic:i rlepilrtle de t'antitatca de aer aflat irr
corpul tcsittrrii (calc s6 calcrrleazii cu rcllIia 9lJ) ;'i rle r itezar schimbului dc
iler,.cu ctrc \-ilrilzi in lapolt inrcls. (jca rnai mica lorrductilrilitate tcrrnicii o

:ru tesALrrrile mai grolse, cu o deusital-e aparent:i nrit'ir pi la talc structrlra irrter-
stiliilol dirninucirzii la rnaxirnuru viteza de cirtulagic a act'rrlui. A'ccstc corr-

ditii sint satisfacute de tesituriL'rL'lilir cardatii l)rrntrlr paltoarre gi plt-.rlrrli.
Perrtru detclrrrirrarel capucitiilii dc izolare telnic:i eristit aparate, con-

stluilc pc btza urrnitoarelor pliucipii :

Apa,rale pe principiu,l rezistenlei termice: epruveta dc inrrelcat se inll)rilcii
pc un calolirnetru, care corrstilttio sursa de ciiltlura, ial aerul irrconjurirtor'" r:u

o viteza dc cilca 2 nr/rnin, constituic sursa rer:e. l'r'iu stabilirca difr:rr:rrtei rl iu"

tre tempcralura calorinletnrlui spi cca a urerliului inconjurator, Ia anunrite inter'-
r ale de tirnp, se calculeazii rezistenf a tcrrnica. "C . ir2 . lr/kcal.

,'lparatc cu, tlortti p/dcl. ilintrc care Lrna constituie sulsa ealdi gi cealaltri,

-stlfsit IC('e. inlre car(-'sc itgazir ept'rrt.cta; acest sistem are ill r.edele ntcrrIinct'ca
tcntlulratrrri i constflrte a srrrsci caIrle. Capacitatca tle izolare 1s11ni1r11 1,11 l'i

ittltrLs ptoPorfiorral:i Lru corsulltul rle cnr:rgic tcnnicl. Sc rndsotri accsI consrrnl

tle errergir: Lcruricii llcr'r'silr peutrl murIinerea (jonstilrrtii a sr.rlsei taltle Qi rniiri-
rrrca lr-ri sc ('oll\-c[t('itc. prin ctalorrarr-', in ruiiriuri t'onvcntionale ale capaci t:r1ii

rle izolalc 1t'ntrir':i. ln tabcla 50 sint inrlicate ralori ruet[ii oriortttivc ale -capa-
li tiilii ilrr izolal'r'It't'ttticii, fentrrr tl ilelitc catcgor'ii rlc tcsal.rrri. pr'ccunr $i
r aloli lrrcrlii oritrrtittivr: alc grosirnii ;i tL:usitripii aptlcnte, p(' catcgorii (l(!

ilrticol c.

4IXJ

r0t' trlltrnlqsa'1 ee:e1c:rord r{ e:ntrn:ls - 9I

if;' l-'0()'I llnJJ.trl l.rltrr(l r.rnlrrsri ur drl a"ru urp r;n1usoj.
09'0-'0r'i) ol?(ln!1(l rlrl o.rrl iltp r.iltlnsa.i
9!t'0 - I,!'0 jt] t),\

r)t'0 gt'r) Btttpttr:rI

!c'0--0f,'0 llIIlllJi^ lllP ljlllt?SJl

Iofi (){-i'r} crl)Jrrr .)lt?lnoil nr r.ntlus,ri

0s'() -ll '0 tl1tt1.t.ttl'1t.tri:l uJJtlgJ'.1(lrb^'1o'1.)-\

0f,'0- tt:'() I,l,\'.iltlr(l]:)'lllrll).ilr(lr?n-'10rr:1'lnrrOilBrp,:)o[t
IrirulJ '|JrrrJ
0c'0--9a'{)
I A'0--te'0 'li)l,rJ,\oi) curerrutl'l.l;rs'urrrrrrell'rnr1:rsllour
0a'0-"9t'() uolsoq 'cle:r 'lsuurup 'ez;rqr

lr(lunrJs'uoluq'1c1rn'rrerprl'loqrrI't!ar.

rrolri'1,rzrr1t.ruur'urrrpuulo
rrrlrlod'rrrlefap'lsiiEq

Inttl e,t1u lrrtzold c.r rr:rr1 pso i
ltJil il s( ).1 f ) _1()J,)lo)11-rP EJ.rrunUcQ
ErioSclE-)

u.nfiapc att.ta!n),,.,r,0rt'':':,f;::.,J'r, ru,,,r,,, )t) trrlpro'r

'0099'0--0s9'0 Jlullrrqi)qiqurl r"^ ol.raluJl ll.tllro(l rl?(lrril]q op t.tnlr?sJ.i

()r , t0t'i) 't.ltt{,.\.t,}\".\.\lsrl.rur',)rs,rl)lurl 'o1sr11 'rrr1.rur,,1ultris,,J,,rllijlt'".ll,il.,,i
0/i;'(l-()ef'r) til:l#ll.;'itlrlr",r
*r* u.trlryrlco JOrsrLUr .r rprII trrp o1c.rF*u:rs
0zfi'0-'-()/a'( ) ,o
o:lnrrrrlJ o.rqrJ nt f,JlsiltB rrl
90't-s6'0 c:notrr rrq.-.o.r it.rllJ(l q,orlrEllrtlrrJlIplJBo.roB;oq6JnJ rJnAB:lso(l

'pull urC

,.tur4B l:n1ps.ri rrrloEalec uir-lunuoCJ
lutUJ-llr(lB BoiuJrsUocl

1Jtllpsai ap tt.rcqa|nc

al.tatry nJluad alta.trtdn rrirt|tsrtap af) aollDqnt.to tlpaLu it.tolDA 'q

I1-S9 o)tlolrrrs c.rqtJ il) tolsJIirE ur Blrrl ulp '/ulJpl
ElEp-ll?l t?ulI IIIp 'ttlofl
93 -0S
1?lrzrrqlrl.rrrl uurJ nurl utp rrrlf,o-r r( crsop;ucl 'orrrnlso-;
es 0! uurI rJ JrjsJrrn? lr! tS 001 ollr].11lrs aJrJ rrrp rjl]ttol([

88-88 prrrl nlrll lrrp criolnlr?) op rd lecl op rinpoT(l
l)-r(llJoIJ) il) ],1]s^.)trrB rrr 'tl,tuor;a1rrr 1?ilrl rilp arrulEr.r rs orruo1le,l
I{]
irJrlJlln\^ a-r(ilJ rlJ ritlsJiltB t11 'urr11 tjrrrI rnp ruulFnd
t]s-()s o;rlJJuls J.r(lrJ llJ JnlsJlllr? ul 'urrrl Bltrl ulp arrEolle(l

es sorIJrrrr ulBp.rui l?rrll rrlp arrEISE)l
sorrr.lirtu ulrJI urp arreollnd rrryrlrl 1.tn1qsc.i_
ss

ZO

90

ula lrlrrlusai tar.roBrle:r rJirrrnuccl

lljnlr.iJl oJuJOZr
,rp u.r1u1r:rtrlul

1.1il tDSJi ap tuoSalnc
aluatttt lt.tJu;)l l,Jltu.tJ I ).nf)zt ap rtir.tlt.tntlnt alD )itlDluat.to 1tp)ur llolD,l'u

09 LIPqDJ

Tabela 5a (continuare)

Categoria Denumirea articolelor Grosimea
{esdturii reprezentative mm

fcstituli clirr lirc tip lirrii tcsiilLrri pcntru costrrrrlr-r ;i rochii din iirc t), r0-t),8u
0,70- I , l0
pieptiirtatc r,00-1,c0
3,00-3,s()
{csii'turi 1;erttrrt parclc.sir:, cor:ercolttri, galrardiric
0,ll-0,21
lnstat trli srrhlili rl.rt Iilo rl,. lirilr r';rlc];rfii
postar,trri gr()asL', pitratc, din Iiro carclatc 0,26-0,28

!'esiitrrri din Iilc tip nrirtaso Jesiituri clcgr. clin rtttitasc natirrald 0,22-0,32
JesiitLtri din rrdtase naltrralzi pcrrtrtr rocltii;i

cdnid;i

]csdturi pcntru roclrii ;i ctlptu;eJi ditr rrrd-

tasc artificiirlil

3.8. lntpcrmeabilitatea la apd a lesdturilor

l,,stc ploprir'tltcu r:ontLarir lriglost:opicitrrlii 1i tnurtrc acccl tlc it I'espilrgrr
itlra rlc l)c suplal'ata lesiil-urii;i r nu p('rrnito trcr:erLca ircesteil pr"in t'it.'l't'srittr-
lilc pcrrlru t'olttrri. l)r'elirtc, unl)r'el(f. nrarrtalt: ttc l.rloaic nu ttebuic sri lasr: sii
1rii1r'rrurlri apa llrin elc, pcntlrr a proteja lrainclo sarr obit'etele. rle rullt'zcitlil
ii,',',,, rlc;rloirir'). \et'il:i,alr';t u,,i.l,'i irlo|r'ietrrli sc lAtr'1,t'irr Pt',,1r,',lc lrtlr,,-
rlliol l)rirr rrrai mrrlte rnetod(', irrtrrt t:are -sirrt :

Metoda prin ploaie altifieialri corrs.ta h tlcternri uarea cantititlii rlc apir
absolltitti tle !e-sirtur':i supusi ulrci pioi ar'ti{iciule, cr'eate.! irr arrrrntite cou.tli1ii.
('u ll)al'rtri sprcialc. Iiprrrvctt crL tliurtnsiunilc tlc 500i100 lurn -cc Iixcazii pc o
luurii r:tr dinrensiunile 350/350 rnn1. inLrlinatii -qtrb un rnglli r[e r15", lrozilir in
(iare sc crecrrtii auraliza. Cu ajrrtorul rrloL tluze, se proiecteazii.it'tur'i tlr apii.
sub o pLcsiunc reglabil;r intrr,'0;i 2 atnr, c'oltrolubilii (iu un lllanonrr'tl'u.
(laltittteu tlr'ploaie csle valiabiLi. in {rrnr'!ic de lincfca rluzelor:;i rle plt,r-
sitrnea sub t'are ('rrrge. 'l'ernpclatlrta apci tlt'l.nrie sii {ic dc 20 I2'C. l)rrpri
ij0-15 rui n, in furrcfie rlc r:aratrteristicilc t:pruvetei, aceastil ,sg,s11on[c 1lc 11r'
fll)orat 1i. r'rr a.jutultrl a tlotrii lrirl,ii rle {ilt,r'rr, se irrrlopiirtcazl, prirr rlrsorlrIic.
lrltrstrI rlc alrii tlc pc srrlr'irfata fcsiitrrrii . l]estc cpt'ut'cta altrzatii intr:c lriltiilc
rlc filtlrr sr Irt-'r:o. o -sirrgrrrir rlat:i, eu rrrr yall rlc
ttrctal, carc erccirzii (] jrrr.siunt'
tlc 50 glcnr2. L)upir act'arlii ()llr'r'ttir', sc ciutiirtrste cl)r'uvcta ii se crJrrinrii.
lrLoccntrrul, lrlLrstrl 1le grcutal.c la(ri tlc grcrrtatoa irrilitlri. ilainte tlc irrralizri. (-lrr
at'r'la;i apal'at, apr'e('ierea gratl ului lricllofug, caracterizinrl irnpclrueabili{-atcir
lir apii a tt-sirttuii. nlai poate fi Irirutri pril cronomt'trirrea
itpare. pe dosul epruvcte i. a trcia pitiittrii de apa.. dur:rtei ltirrir Iit clt't:

J\[ctorla l.rrirr plesiurrt'hidrostaticit rrortstii irr tletcrrttinul"r'a lrrtrsirrnii (irr rrrrrr

roloarrii rlc apir san rle urercur) rlecr'-suro apurili.t'i cclei r[c a Ircil lrir'rilrrri pt
srrlrrt{a(a r'pl'trr ctci. Aparatrrl pcrtLu ar:eastir dett'nttirttlc -q(! lurll(tst(: p('nctro-
rrrctnr;i cstc rlotal lrcLuoo-qlitti(c'lziiirl\[raltl,io'lt0te0-(t:]u0i0ll)i-lrn, r(n'il/lm'1]irsr"o tidit'ir ll
trcqrtat. rlc It
strPralala trlx'rrr,ctci. rnirrintl 1lrcsirrrrtt

Iltu irr.fcrioatri it act'stcia. piuii itt tnottrctttttl cind, pc IaIa sultcrt'ioarii a lrrostlci
tlrr lrrsiitrrrii irrtpr:r'rneabilir. aparc ir l-reia pit'iil-rrrir de alrir. in ilcc-cI lnonrr'ut.
sc r.litcfttr pc rt.tilrtolnotrtr ltlesittn,clr. irr. ttutt t'oloitnii rlc apii, citrc tstc rlir'r'r'I
Irolror'liorrirlii crr irrrpc,r'urcalriIitrrttta la alxi (grarlrrl Irirlrofrrg) ;rl tesi'rtrrlii

a rraliza tc.

.102

f,f )1.

.ll:t "),(l ll-t0t r:.ilrllr.r,xhlrJl l|l 'UAillo o-,t'lilr r-rJnsil Js rFr l^f[orI o-.rllt1 l.lzuill Js
lull-r(ls |lilll)rz.)ll '1.rur.r111111,r,,.,, lroililti.)t (llrs 'll.krl().) t? .)l)
r .)s nu .r.ilrll-lrls
t(llr l)ur.) rlur(l I;)tpu 'ppos cp .lo[Jtu.nt rr.r.ru1.lr^rrloprrr rr1 r^rtr1d '.ryrrrc6t,tr; t^trltr
rl.r 1:1r:rTs i)-c'nu!l t.).nr,\lozll) rrtlnp sturp.r'Ir1,ri,r.t ltllll)rz,)l['urlrt 0f rrP tlttttl
J-'0i(l,1o1.r,c.))rJolr]plJlls1lru,l)li.)tor(es)lril:)'l1)np.o)r,p\roo.r3rrurlilirrlrlr'lrlo: srru;o1r l.llrjrrrriJr1tltluIo'.lsrr.lrrorrr-r:.rrrs.lrrurlr{uLrrr.;zrrrttll*or'..trr:.rIrsrtr.stlou1.trr:tili;t.ttl,;.srr..trri^ii rroolr.prtP;t'ttrrr:cilp1tu,t';11.trorJ'tt.ltrurll-.l^tlltltrs.{r
i)lurs!r,.rre irI lutt[lt'lrtlu[)jtoros.;)]l)lt?lilllIrtl\.oli.)rlJlrIrlul-rslrrllrilrlJtl(0).-ll-^fo.)-'.tr.l1llilll]!s'!-.|i]ri'lrJ-lr)s.).Jrilstorrrltrr']utF1-JJsoi)ll(].)1[ (J)s[
'tTous ls,rjrr
-r.r(lrl r:.).nr rlozrp rr r.rrl ljunrr.r.)lop os rr.rrrlLrsi)i lu .)ltl.)oqi)\ o.rrlr.l ur ptlrttrrjuo.'_;

';i u! (i)lr?.'srt ri olrrso.rliall IJ.rlb-oru llJIl?lrrJ.tri ad
lr!'nttusg.ri r:.r1u1 n.r.tii ld
: tl,/o :F ,)rutqr^r.lii cp
lnllluriuor) i)ls.) 0,
rrr'rr.rrrlp.-.ri lll

: cJrl.) lIl

(go) r zd 1'- td _ 0r^

'rl'ool

: rrritrl;r.r llJ 'fli)rrr.rrlJ .r.rrr:r.rr.; rt.rlrr;rrl '1tt.trrtl.ts 'r-rtrrrrr.t,r1,r1r irs r.rttltlsli
--ilr,:)rlori.liIilltlSr..)r).-ltrrl.ir:-olonqrirrrrrrrlrqri.Irnrr1rlru1r3or1rlrn1rdirrl'l3)l:fll0'i0lsIll"Iu'09n0^6'r0.{o,)tll.)}.[r)irlrs.zrtnr]'.i;)1u./.rr).;rrr(.l'll3u(Jo)l aill)l-l.ttullll\iilluil)J.ll).)ul!J.Iill)uLBri.lF)slr-.scriil.riil))ls[.))'.r.)]:n.ltltlssIJrol.{llFus
Iilol) rtl?t J:^'ilriJu,rl\i) ll"rlrrJd'e.rtro1 Izrrrrrls.r.ro.r a;rr.rurlll ilI'lo.tl,xl i)1, JJI,J
illls r.ln] l'rlr- .r,)lc n.r rrtrrrsy.rS rliarlrlro rrrJrI r-rrrtlrrl.r'lJl) .)q '1ir^r]r.rrrrlrrrr rsr lele[ rr.l
l.rtt;qs.ri I,),r rs;)!(Jtrl ol) llzlrno ulrtrlrlrrr.ul Jnllr-lsllor) atuwrlti ap ptytttttlu6,1

.ro1;rnlpeaf olu Jlglo;rilorrI nrly .OI.t

J')l I llJ :-

-llut rrjrrlo.- lI.) .ro;r.trrlpsoi tl ttus .r()1.).IrJ ltJ.rt:lp.rl '+t(trlrl l.r.)Juur tiu,rla;ru
utl) i)ltlrJ o.rJ nJlu.)(I't-rp;r1orr rurrl pitrlrurlrls o o.rttiirst lis i).rrl.) r.lrru.nl .rorlr rlo.r
-;rii;r1rr'(Vr\(l lnl) J)r:llJ i)lJ.nJ rr1[ur;rr,r,r1r) rir^rlr.rrrrltrrr ri lu.rl r.) u.).ns.)!(lrrrr rI
;rsrrrIsrp,r.rrI .r()lclr?t.r.)Jtur luzuJ uI';rltso1o1 JlJ.Ill ul runls.I()l cl) ln.IBrrIrlrr pur.I!lur
i-t)J*.)I|U|lJ.rllllirl)rls)tr.rq)illiJOlrclrll.i.)rlpri)rrl{lorluolsr corPirr.lrtrrrt.rlnr;.rlglt^snr.lsJi.irrriIrP.1r1llO.l)l.slIl?e-..r)rii)ri.JrJlJr.rcIrrtsIrir..)t!ls((1.Ir1'O.()I!.lr).lllrlirl)tl.llrrsJ:Jlllll!r(i-lllIrrI,rirol.rJl.1)',i.tJro,Jrlr1Ir..artrrtlttlt'luso(.t)rCr:t;uri.t!itltstInJ'rrr1l()tl
-lul ol) tt,r1u1t,rttTu.r'%00t clloltrrs:r.rtJ tttl).1(tlr.ttlltrs.ri lttztl,r tl l'llrJls.).)ll Ill
rr.rr^orrrllrrrrosrlrr:ro.rrrif)iirF.p1-rt1rrora.)lrPral'rt,rsrr1.r,r[si'rrur.rn)1;rilr.^rr1rrSirir.rur1r.rllntrllrtlri:.srit.l;rio)i 1nrss..q)),ir)uq.lttr.lr)l.Ilr)r.il)]rrsr,sr1llor po1l)l:tr.trtttttt.tltt.l)Itlltrt.^rtJtlsps.^r'irir)llnlllrti.:l))inltillols;ltJtt..tlrr..rl)l(l1lllo..t)o)t.lr.llr.()teIttlrl.rt)rjIooI.tl)rl

rlzll.)zt.ro-\uI .r.rt,r'rjr^r1t.r.prlsu n:r'L:suoIrrrrr.rF rilltlrls: !stl()Jrr(l r-ritr;tr.tthrt o tt'r'.rllr[).tll']
tt o;r:lol.ttllr.trl 1tlstl.r.l 1,'t,'rtrllt!it 1tl
JJtJ utl) oic.; tr.rrlnS llJ i)lIJllllr-Oi '1t:rtl,rrls lll
ri r11ly;g;y :r.i.r;,; r aP lcrirrrl trrp 'rt1t:Folr o)Il)ltt ttll .)lsJ .)lu.l.)l.t{kr.rt[ r-r;st.rl'r1i

rop.rnlpsof eolg!g1r.rnilur1 r{ rnln;uril a crElnruncG ep uo1u1o1.rilo.r11 '6'g

'LtdP i)l 1:IIllolo.t lllttr 0()S.)1, rls.) t.r1.rttt.ltl.r tl;rtIltt
a-r;rl)lr1urioll;:)rilll^lprszolt,JIoztJtrrlunt:Jltrul:l,^IriJ)ltqlrrTf'\lu.rrIitoJt {_lIloilolcnxPtBrrd}-cnc.rlrr?.l[or'di.grtir-Pr.rrrI.t0)t00cT0s[^e5uln)t1.Iuo{.lirt1rBllu1nr1.tr,rr.llrrn.ltr1slp'tnrtl..trrl1tl;3tr,Ittlttt.t:rt.rc'.rrt^t;r:,rr'Iarrrr.l't;o[o1p.rrtt1'r1tilr,]rl

gpcrrtrtcit lui -qe ciutirreitc clr o prer:izie de 0,01 g. Corr!ilrutul cle fibr'c Ycgetitlo,
irr 1cs:rtulilc pi'otente,
tlc linii, sc deterntina, iu pcntnr {iccarc tnostLii. t'tt o

lr,rlii1l. si nrilarii crL (96), dc la capitolnl'plccedent.

])re,:en!u, clu'ului Liber ; irt unele cazuri, ccrcetinclu-se, prin tlctertnirr;iri tlrr
[1bcu.ator, prolrrictrif ilc lizico-lrccanicc alc !esirltrrilor de butnbat:, stl totrstittit
o r.czi-.terrtii lir llrpcrc foaltc niicii, in rapoft cu standardul articolultri lcspet:ti't-.
ln cclc nrai rnulte t:azrrri, accasta se datorc;te clorului clilobreurl,uiinlib!eers,atsuelilitl:
llbitc tle l.ruml.rac;i de in. l'errtru detcrnrinarea prezen{ei l0
cplttbctii, in cal'c se loartrit _t.:ru:J
o cprur-etir dc 5--10 r,rn2.ii se alazii irrtr-o acicl acetic diluat, circa 0,5
irpti, dupa pictituri dc cutir tlo
cilrc sc atlaogii 2-3
solugic iiltratl de amidon I % li circa 0,5 cms de solufie tle ic'tlulri rL' 1,o-
tasil dc l0/6, care nu contine iod liber. Aparigia rnranfei violctc, pc lt'sattrt'l.
irr,licii prczcnla tlolului liLrcr.

liltzisten!a t:ctltsirii ltl.stiturilor se incealc:i prin rezisten[a la sprilare. Ia Iitrr'
bcre, transpilatie, lurninir qi frecare. PentLu tletcrtninarea lezisleufci r opsilii
lt spiilar:e, epmvcta ser {iu'e, tirnp de l}0 rnil, inla;urata intr"o fi;ie dc [csir-
cu o conccltlalic de 2 g/1, Ia o
tur:i albir, intr-o soltrlic cu confinut de sirpun,
lcnrpcraturil de 40"C. Se constati dacii lesatura (sau fircle coloratc caLe str
vcri [ic.v) ].asii sau nu urlrlc pe lcsittura alb:i
Perrtln dctcrmintrLe'a re;istenlei topsirii lu o,;tc7 a fcsaturilor, se iau f ilt,ltr
scrl:rtra:ualczeiiperlutlvirevrtccarlincfilcellclremcsapaetrurearzatiusvrtaeonpcfseaiittanlcaqleiiliis.eeribninevraecp.lier,sctirinntpr'-oclebtlrBcaotalctl.eL!aes{irctul rsir(i llbitr'r.
proco-

Ilczisten!a vopsirii la lranspiralie se cerceteazi prin [increr cprrrr-r'tci irt-
tr-o sohr!ie apropititl compozigiei sudoarei (5 g clorulri tlc sotliu.6 ttrg soltr lir,
dc rrrrroliac conccttralie )lalo h I I apa), la 45"C, lirnp de 30 r1i1. l)rtpir
ilccasla, lilo-q1.1'a sc stoarcc tle I0 oli cu lnina, cu{rrntlindu-o, tlc liccarc tlttri.
in solu{ic dc 7 urg.acid accLic 1000/e la I littrr tlc apa. in solLrlia a'cit[Lralii.
rlrLrrvcta -sc lilc.i0 rnin, lu rl5.C, apoi se stoarce Fi se ustrLii lit ternltelatttrit

olrilrtrri la.

Ilezistenlu, t;opsirii, kr luntirtit. sc tlctcnniu[ supunind lnostfir Ia itllitttrt'tt
Lazclor solarc. I)rcii, dupii o cxpunere tlc o lund, culoar'ea dislriu'c, rcrzistcrtla
Iir vopsilc cstc ruirrinrir. iar rlacii, tl rrpii tcela;i intcrval dc tinrp. rrt sr: oltscLvii
nici rnr cfcct al razelol solar,e asupl'a cr.Llorii, r'ezistenla la vopsilt'cstc rttlrittt:r.
Iltrc lccstc liuritc se pot -"ttbili rliIcrite lrepte intcrmcdiar:c.
prin frecarea rcPetatti, de
11r'i, lle:ist.crr!tt t;opsirii, kt, lreate se incearcii !csiitur-6 albit:r. l)tcir, zectr
intr-o e[ircclicr, pc o rnostrii cle pc !csii-
turr a lpostlci
albitii. so gbscrr-ir urmc vii tlc culoare, atunci lezisl-etrta lopsirii la ft'c-
L:are cstc nrinimii, ial dacir rrn sc obscll-ii nici un fcl de urtui de vopsca, rtzis-

tt'rr'lli,lcrnot|r-'i,Irii t-slc ttturitttit. cxislir nrctotle tlc lal-rorator, rnai trolrpli.cattr 5i
accl-ste dcterminir:i
rrrli cxactc, in accla;i tinrp I t[cterrniniirilc ariitiltc sint uzualc pcrttrtr tcsatttt'i.
1.1 carc sc pot r.cr:i Iicrlt.,,,,511fi.1riclrtil cxitctit.atc, o scric_tlo pitrltrlctli irupor:tlrrr!i
llorlIrrr lctlsitllilc r[rr lrnriccttt't:;i rlirijaro it Pt'o('cs()1or tchtrr-rlogic tlrt 1tr:rrpa-
lir Iic ;i lcs('ro.

JollrnlBsoi rrJHlcoroJd olozufl



L0l

-l^rut'1n.)lt(lrrtrl(l ;urlrl a,) uJrslllJ atrlt.ld Jltr.tJll]rrr;lptiJDd 'tlns Itlo],llisrrileo1ut
Js ls JusJ.).)u .llsJ 'JJturorrol)c nlts eJtul[J] olu.].tJ[rrslro;] rrrlr
"11dutoro o11
'orut.ttl tJl,rJlllltt tr.nlluu t(purr[.)s i)b- s,)lJ rrli rprrg.r n.r.(q1rtrr1 lus r;1rn.r.r) f.ii1s,r.r
l|.rrr1l,scl .)l) l.)l)oru. rrn glrn.llnopJtL|.rt'.Bltpnol't.?cr.!l-r(Ju[ispror.rsrF1J.).qnlltl]ll.ot)r.ptl(?1l',q)J.;r[r,rrcstl-lnlrrLrrlrrnsls.l,lqrr.i.-lrIJu.lu)ucssrl.rrSij)],cs)pl.'ir[rlt.r-rI.Ji li]r(.,lrrurl
ll.) Jj)1.)ttloJ tr t s-ttpo.ttla.r

-t^tsoi lr.rl.rturr.rrrtI ur.rrI rlu,Io(lpIo JlsJ u.rul,\Jltro,l'trrour lsJ,r] uI'ginsp,l ur J.nJ Jl,
tIlr1t.n'icrlrrnrriur/;rJ.]t,t.rtd1s4r^rnrslnc.irrr^rlournrrtrrllr3lnl llplJIluaep"rJ*l.rt^nrdlu.trlsplrr!eurJur'urliil-ral p,.r1p.r1r.ri.rrr,rr1r1.nrr;lsp.,rria. j11lorrrur rrsrloli;li
l:l'l:.ltlll:lllrl li l.lluaz.ttt ut'JlrtllJ !l.illllrs.)i JIrilils.rl) r:[,'l' ll.).r.].r.r.rl'ro,Ir,:;irri.r,'il
i-.'l)rcr.p(.rtlIuor;rtt1J;lpsrtlrlttjtr.Jttrtu-:ol^r.eIau'lc,rrr,rlp\oj.u"r..zol)Io.osr1oLd-rn]sujltluOr)r,.uonri rtl?.,ru)1cs1oJlolcsu(rt)rrn..rl)nr.;r)utdltnr.r^,i.)r)rscrSri..Jrrr*ji.t)Ers.SuIro'crorr,Jt)"[rpr)lirlJriI.ptstr:r;,.'I)))Si.ol.t[rt.oJ.rr)!Jll],Bsl)rr,.u.iri]jll.t[ruurr.Ilrrtu"rrlzUrti.r..tu)[lrl.r]lrrtrnutclsrllJ'p.i.rl.r.njll.tirluenlr.;jlti."rlrrrrlrr.,;r1irelrss:r1.r.;lrrslrllue.U(r.u1srJ1I,-{rt'.ur6r}llsii6}:rl1suJ.:,11iliruiu1s,;rtrztl
-.rtl Jlr.r{)[i:LllJ PJ.lu.r]lrI'rjltur] u,[r1 Ts.ri rlrl] r-l.ilrlt-rlr.r{[ ,)l) ri qu.)z.n,t !)P.1o[.),il.1
'rBl:t.llrtJiu,rlttsJttr1Il^Jr:.ttn[trl.IBllJlslP\oJjoleulr[r(rrplJJrPillsro.trn,1IIOaltJtttnu'z.rlr^rJ?:r{ll'nlJsP[Jn.q.r].rlrr:n?1r.rr)^lr'rsr.iirlin.re.o)r:l'l-tj:o..[tturP)i(ol[J.tr:rll.li.rtrpl.lrr."rcrI(1s[oJl.,lr.:rr^Jl..ruluursr..,rr)rr,l)'o.,,'Usr.r*q1rr.llL,s1.rJe:11ss.[r.-r
uutrtrirSl 'uittttr"-o.ti 'u.tilttl.rtl ',t<t1.r.rr1 uJiJu'oruJrS'..rr(ulnlJr.[n].r.;l:u..irlrll[];:],rrrub: lrur..)rrrolpps.Irnll,rrrorr{rlStt,.rrrlrrrir
JJSSC:lctt.|lllf.stJ-.dros,)'tll:.rcr.ptJltrlrJjsrrlllrr.|.(r[r'l\,sro1;1r .:].tr.lr!,r1OrrlutJrn,)l.)rIIil.rI!rujrirl.lurr1.rrr.1r1.r,orr.T) .!-rnllrlu.r.Br.r)r1il.t)rlrr
,)lJltl.rltlOlJ
otiolr(lul-c

Js JIrl'JIllJ ttPr..r)d.l.Ptulstl'rIrt.jrrrtlului ,rEl:IP[Jr1zl.rtell:-,i))lll) c.l:'olrqu1s.r;-';rrirz<ltlrrr0.l:lI rrr,rrL';r.rcr-.rl
l:l
ll.llllll.Ji .lol.'.rrJ :.rrttr.trl rrr.r,)lllut t:,iltlt:lt : t:.ilt)

-1:1r^r11 1i Illl.)z.ln u! Jpu.r'J rr-ut;r^rs.ri uJrurr-ep : J.rrJ op cur,)lsts .lolr([urp llJrlls.tol
r* uaj.rtr r1 : Jurnrrt ra J.ruso,),)u olr,rolp,\ i)llr)l ,rs.)ltr[u]s .rs ",rItr.)Il]J Ts: .rolp.lotl
-r:I Jl) r.rfrrnu.lo.lJp ur.rd'zB'r lsJJu uJ 'lrrJlst\.] lrIrn.tJ r.ltlI's.ri ap I,ll)oru rrrr'1:t[np
'.rlttr.rl r.rttlg'-.rj r.)ur rr.uu\alrro,) l.rlcurp"rnrl p.rstt3111111ls Js- ljs Jlls.)tarl cls:[
-: olr(l r !i
F€..1
-otl t.tttztlr.)[J.ruoJl^ru.t.nl lullllrl lorl .rs,ro1r.rrr1t^rsoi rr.rg1;t.rro.rrI rr,rrllrtr.rt[ ul
,

' lr,rnl\cl uo.) J()[r.rI Jtnu,r11([ l.r,r urr
-orsuJturp ttus tc,tlSir|l u! ljJsIs-uoJ l.rnllrrF-.)i rtlun t.r;rn1;r.rro.ril op rrriu.rotlll

IlrPlceloJd aresoJau rolaluauale eaJlllqels'I

llrsca, ir,,,l",lirr torrrpozilit fir'clor'. lrlirr filrlrr,ltlulitrt rlil polinrr'r'i rrittrrrirli
siur silltctici. irr isrri.tc'satlccrrtlze.lePlerrnititrirlrt{sr tlaablinlimltactel)l,a-'rtprnrclct tct'rillconrtrt:r"o,rqtctrtrolrrtttrlaii,t.'rir't;iitlrltttr'[ii-
,lc dcterntirrirli lc
culc tlc corcc(it l rlesirnii lcsirlurii irr urzealit;i btilirlru'ir. il funclit'tlc gratl rrI
,lc comPar.titatc ir I'irclr)r'('irre sr inlocui('sr'. in conr-'ortlirntii cu :rcc'la al. l'irclol
1.ll'L! s('l'olose.c la notur testitulii" pcntrtr lt -qe tttcntitte tr:tleir5i tttiiritui 'tlr'trot'-

licicnti[or rIr: urrplere.
J\[r.rrtirrercl rrriitilriIol r:or:fir:ient.ilor de r-rnrPlcrc ai tesiitulii pr'oicr:tirtc lit
rri'r't'lrrl tlelora ai lcsiitulii rlrr la carr- s-ir polnit. l)rin ('or(]{rtlrr,l rllsitttii irt
rrrzctlii si lrirtriturii (;i, irt rtut'lt't'azrrri.;i prin sr:ltitttltareit ilt'ltltrrii). ilsigtlrar
tr'sirtLrlii lrroicctnl{'rlin rroua nraterir: l)rimil inslriili plirirrd cstctir':r.i cortlot'
trrl, apr'opillc rle akr !csritulii rlr, lu t'arc -"-a pornit.
('ont{t\tut'ii irtlr-o ttotrii lalittrrtir rlt'itrttttttit.
irr I]ste rreccsar -sii -se cl:rl.rorczr'o ntii. mai I lriat.r'. itr atrcst caz. itt itl'lrt'ii rli'
l"cderea cleiirii rrnol sortitncnte
sclrilr|tlea alrrrlr'ii" se r-or' Iacc 1i calcrrleltr dc corct'Iie lli'c('sillt'. pr'ir irrrl
rlr-.."irueit tesr'rlrrlii in trrzt'alii gi in lratritruir. p('ntru a srr tttcrttiuc. itt ttortit sittta-
tic. grarlul rl,'r,orrrlra,.tilillc r tcsillrrlii (rLr ltrr,'rlepin,l rlrapa.irrl. al)ttritiit fo'
n()nlcilrllui pilIing" r'ezistcnta lit uzurii a tesatrrrii r.trr.).
]is1e nr'cesal sir se r'cl)xo(llrcir rrrr nrotlel de !csritrrrii folo-.ind fitr'rlr' Iirlclr'
lrai rrlrrc ('(iuPlisrrl.orp:otrlnrrlrirIlioi li1fri'lcrlitricliri: sulx'rioarc it ltlitIori(ii plinrr') satt tlrr 1'tlcir'
tttli nricit sl)c{]illlc silll ('ollsi(lcrentc ('('ollollli(''')' Irr
rur.r.st caz..i,.',,r, Ilrce citlr,rrlclc ner:esarc rle r'orcrrlie t tl,,'sitnii {esirttrrii in
rrrzca|i;i irr lrittitrrrii. punirrrl rtrxrrliliit ('il ul'r'tltillcit pr'tttti[;tttla rlc srrprafa!ii
lu lr.siitlr'ii strrr gritrlrrl rlr: r,otrtpar'titittc it ci sit riitttirti-r ttt'srrltirnltttt, r-lttbotitr-
rltr-se nstfr'l lorrtcrttrlilq uttor Ic-strtrrri silttilitrc s:trt cc]tivalertlt'.
Dste nclrrsal'sir sc claltolczr: r,orrlt'rtrrrn lnr('i lcsitltlri dcstirrlrte rtttui alrtt-
rnit scop, lrinc lrrrros,'u[. I'irlill l\r'ir , jrrsit" t'rt lrlzir rlc plr-cartl. vl'co 1t'sittttt'ii
strr rrc;rr rnorlel rIc {'o]rt('Ntrrr:1. irr lt:r'.t cilz. se ror stlbi[i. in rnorl llbitrar'. rllrr'
tinind scanur rlc r:urinlr,le pe crrrr-. tn'buic sri Lr statisfalri fe,siittrr-it. lrrllliltol'ii
lrirlirurrrtli. : anlrlrit. cocf irricntii dc rrruplere, l inclca si Iolsiurrca l ilclrtl' rlr'
i,''z,r,,li,5i natura rlaleriei pl'inlc penirtl alltlrelo sistt'tuc rlr: Iirr'.
lriitirtur'ri.
irr {1rrc,1ic dc tnuurii;i coefir:it'l1ii rl,'rrurplcrc. sc (lctcrlninir lcilrtlli ptr'itttrttt'i
rui r:ontcrtrrlii. incercind, evenlrral . ilrrpir rrccesitatr', rlifcritc fitreli;i i'ritt'golii
,lr' {ilr. (rrriarrtc).
Bstt nelc-ur: sli sc proicctczc" in lrrrrcIic rlr, tliferite rtetrlsil:iti lil'ili]l-i( {).
lcsiitrrrii strit't clhililirlt.e slrr. rlin lorrlrtir. [csiittrri lct'r']rililrrlrtc. ilttl'-o nlit-
strr'it nliti lllilr'{) s{llt nrai nritrir. itt at,t''.t caz" se'r'ot'folosi. irr lalcrrlclc ilr'
r.labollrc:r clr-rnr.ntelor rontertrrrii" r'alori arlt'r:vate ale r:ocficicrrtilol rIc rlcsirrir'.
l)irl lelr: tttcnIiotrrt tc trrli stts rcztrltit cii ProiccIarca trttci tlsirtur:i (:s(c {)
opslrrf is ilc rlinrt.risiorriu'c l rrnor clctrtt'rrte {'arilcrtcl'i-qtir'r'. lstl'r'1" pli rrcipiilc
'rtrircc,n,[.,t'tlcnacrt-t:ltt'llcttloruiri'rt:'Iirt'ol'(r:rsatrrlroits5ilittrlrliimlocrnpsiloi rlcrasl.ttrrlrill-'otlrr]ttlistlrllllr"o1ttp'seitlrtlteriic"crrilritrl,prlelcust(r'oelllctl-'
lur';i economicitrilii. f11 11:r'-sI sens. r'lc irrtrrriluc lalctrle rlc rlirnen-qiollarc oflfe'
rrrlr siutilarc cu ci'lc rlin rezi stenfa rrralcrialclor. Acr:st rrtotl iltr alror'llarc a pr()-
lrlr.rnci" spre deosrlrirr: rIc rlr(.todclc curlrit'icc. rrluteazri llllllrcil tlc lrrorlttcct't: lt
rrlor. ulticolc cor'{'sl)lnlzii loarc. r:u lllr ('onslull letltt-s tl.' lltatet'ii 1it'irne 1i rtrtr-

il(l|l('ril .

I)in plar.ticir. s-u r.orr.stirtat cir srrgrritrlirrt,'rtsiorrailile prir.irrd. dcsirtrr:it lrls11'
trrri i. torsirrrrca 1i'{incte.u lilclor'. rrrr nulltiti lir nrr sittisllc conrliliilc irttfitl-qtctl
rlc crl,rloalarc estctir:ri 5i r'orrlort. ilar cii irrsrili rlulahilitatct prorlnst:lt)r ('3t{r

,l0g

00t

_(oo) _sai,
, rrH:t rrns
onrrqo;f!+ljio_o.r

.,Q
I QJBY
(so) "'(1 "'P:' ,t1, 7JllJ 'ln* :'tV

dn,

: 5o1nur: lJrrttt ul

,'Q

(zo) "(l'"[r : lr :',:::01]i :'U

: Ir;1ilr.) i)l) i)ilrlr:l,r.l

qlinz,).r'llA! it.t ttrlr tS,r.r.r.rrlo.rtt .rp lnIlll)r:.rrq urirrr.l.rp r.) Jlnllur.loJuo.) ul

.0,/o rrr nus oluutlls

'lr.)url)u,)ltrlos([u uur.n^rrrr ut ltrrrr.rtlr.r Jq'.)]u.r.)l)r:-uo; r.li.rltr.rthrs tt 1i1u.rie1ur tl.rtrr
-:.lIrrr ri r.rrlIF-Ji rriu.; r:.rrlns,rcl q.rn1r.r1qt1 .rp'.rt1.r,rtls.r.r'tS 11ucz.rrr Jp.lol.).Irl

r'(.r,ir,rs.;ur1r.rrlrl'r!r)sirtl:)rJi.rs.r'tro.r.orrrl r.tr,.)r1l)r.r)rlptsrl.r";o):t1lu,).tursnt.tr,rrIrlsr.trltsurr.lt,rllt,.r).i3li-l1.,1r.,t)rl.1lroirt[rolO.rus'ro.lr)rilI.lrlll)lut'.,rrrt)i.rtt,ll
-\.).)p r.nulrJz'r.r.rrJ1rrrl JS.r,)rtl)'tirtu.top.r'rrtrrl;1r rt.ti.ru'.1 tl.td tt.tltt.rtl J,llllJ)
r^r.rr1prl.)l) tr.lllt.r.);) ttlls.l()lr.II.t'llrJ J.ltltltls,ll),).)lllll.)l l.lllll.:q')j,rIttl,roS.r]tll).Iotltt
-!sli,lrl.r)tlrr,:).sr1(lrrrrr.rr,.rrl.,rrri.rrr.rr..rlrirlnr.rrr.trlirr,urtrlil\rtrlruls.).lrlrpultut.rils1.tlrt)lt.lltltr.ltttutt!:.'.ttt:otllr,.rtllstl'q,['-"c].ittplll:loi1rltu[-lrtz+ttt.rtgotul ,tiorl;r
tn[1[)u.trq u ti1 i]llli)to.rrl .rolrutrr-,r1) ll,),r.]t,).).trlt' r:1 .rli,rso1o1 tt.t1'rtttt:.ttltl 1s.t.,ty

argladocu ap InpBrC 'Z

'1ri q1r;rrurorrollr rr3Btltnrprltrr{l[oullss-1u1"otidc1tot.rrt:1Jtltu.t.tt. c.).,))la)-r- ll) llrlo'-,rt-t--t t - I tl lt?ttJlttltt.)s
,)[ltzlllJtl().]
t.rop: r 'prrltr.r nttr rs .roirr .tolt.rLl.t.)tll

--,t;1.r.rlrp,r,pl,1(r)irl-:!l.r,rrlr.rtn,l.\\r.l,l"rrrrrr:tr'1(u.prir.ri.:r)pu)t.[trrl]ruu.rrrol^oost:rJ,ll..rl-)rrro'1p.1:t.rt.rurnrorn,prr[.rrJtI,l:r-u,rrlrnr,r:S,ji,uuourorpite.llrlstr.litrrn.rr..irrr.iJtrtllht[rtol)r,tlrrtr!un:-t..rlr.)rr'l.L.a)lruuPrrr-Stlsurrjtri.zt.t)i.r-utrtpt.st,rnrr'lltrtltt.utu1r.lo(ttrt)ltllJ,rttrs1,ttol.ru1.rJotlit'lut1s"plltUr.rt-rp.r.int;(.t[1rs!rl.trqtttsrJt.1o_tldpl1..ttt'ittttIlltt1l.ttttl.t!ttntrls.lpJlr.J:)lJritltt.tllsr..tclr1Iu^otoc[1l.lt)pptttl.ollttlt)-.,lttu)l1tzJrt.tl.rrrtlllrtlllltrl.:l.rt)sr.rt_llrrl[l'!.tr,!r.lt(:r)t.tSiltllt:llrtBlJrtltr..lrrtltr'ttlolrlctlrs!pltill
.1r1:urr:irr.rriti,l,.lrr..rr..rrl.ut1n,rtrroro[)ufrrJ.rllotJioolJuornrtit'"rr.lr^1r..trr;t1rut^tslnir.it"l)1tn1l.t,tsrttttl'r.tnt.tt.ttlit.tl1ttttl r.)t;,r)t',)rtltlosrllltltJttt.rt.tttli.ttt-'q11tt'r!.tttJi
u.)'lr:uorjtta.rttol'nlstla.rtr rtt.ttl'.rsatItrrii;11aitr1 '..ro1t.rrt1|s.ri ut.ll'ttttoo'S" Llltttt
-rrrr,,p ol.irrrI u.);)ll LIJ t[irlu1.rolr.rn1qs.rf u;r,rul.r.rttt.ttl.]l);)Jlltllltllll.rtl oi.rlrr'.r1ltj
'l-toluo:) lS liJrl.)ls.);rp.r1rrii,r1 Jlr.r;qllstll o;lro1 '1u.r.rttof rrt
,-".tstro-i..;.)r,.,r,!t1[r[lr1:u1ts.,1),-.,1str..1s)rr)io1lUIjor'irI.)rl)lg,rtr^tlitt:rrsir-a)rri.)zslnloir)lrrorl.rirOIltlusrrlclu,$Jr.Or'al.,rrl,.ratrlli..sr;rr1rtrlurt:.Cor]I('iu1J).clrrT[rlrlxlrJrrcr..rlrtp''.ir,)r.rrl,tn)r1tntrtsl.'-^,rlot.Iritlit.o:tlrl1irlu).ztl.lor)ll)ttpIrtstt1ttlsllnlipll;lr..JOr:r..l;tItlrlltltltllP1Pntl1l(tlllsils)l^slllrlu')llll.rolJ)ls.iU)1t,'^It)l(ttr!)tlslll'Jl']l.I.slrr)l;llJltl.tltt'rrtr.^:tr-l{cirt''-)ti...(ltrtrltl:t1stttt.zt.rtl''r.xt.tttlil
0 rru (osu1r) ol.rtrrlttr6.r .)lJllol r.iltlts.)i i)lril I '.);1([rll.l().l tto.r tttitttl tt:ttt ti_.ltt!s
.rlttirl ritl1,l.)l1 ll!.ti i).nlrJ.Il trtJrI'il,nrzrt tr1't.rJrt:-qttt.).rttttl. lllttt. tt1'.tsttrlstll.r.rr[ 1rr1s
,.,,,,ai tr.,,'il runrs.rol n,).)lr.nr'l l.:s.)i r-r.r'1 rp.)\()[) t:-s'n;tlttt.rt.r,rp'lti1r'I.)lllI llltlt

lti cllt'o :

,41r" cstc -gr'il{l lrl tlc irlopcrinr rucrliu total ll Iesiiturii ;
gmdul rlt: acopr:rirc
'A',, irr rrt'zealii i

A,, gr'arlrrl ilc at:operirc irr lrir t.iittrtii :
Du rlr..inrcl lr.sirlrrri i irr rrlzealir. 1n {irr,/urm :
D r, dcsitrrta tcsir Lrrri i irr birtiitnrir. ilr filc/rnnr :
dr, gi d6 - 1lls11i'11111 firului rlc rrrzcalii qi. re-<per'liv. de liii trl turli. irr urrtt.
SrrlrrirIata IiIICt se s(:iralc. rleoillct:u necirsta (lra;rrlttii in fig. ir2[]) t:stc
zrtrtit rle iut'ttrci;lle t finrlrri rlc rrlzealir crr l'ir:rrl rlr lxit:itrrrii, tlcci corrrrrrrii lnr-

i-rt5:.2r8t.r:sIi--rtlriirr;n.ilturtf-; dr strprafl{ir corrsitlerali la crlcrrlarea gradrrlrri tleaco.
diitrn'trul firulrri dt. urzlrli: Iir.ulqi
/.p - rliantlr.ul
rll Irirtlrl trli.

lrelol sislcnrc rle firc fi. in {ronsclitttit. rrtt se l}oiltc lul dccit o sirrgrrril rlatil .

Dco:tt','t'r'

sul) l)OIII:du.Du.dr.'Du (r. 1ig. ir2li). sc poir1r. st.r'ir.

Atn, j A"* Ao - Ar'At,. (100)

inlot,rrinrl valorilc litcrale din r"elalia (100) prirl l)arauretlii lontt'rtrrrii, rc-
zrrltrl r'elalil de baz:i ltcntrrr calculrrl gratl rrlrti rIe acopcrirc al rrnti tcsiit-rrri :

I A,,,:,1,, Du*do.Db-du.Du.do.Dt, ] tror)

lirtmplul dc cnlnrl ul g,nrdului dc a(opt'rire. Sc considrrir o lcsiltrri-r rlin {irc rL: lini'i
lrclrltiaz:srrtllrlrolrreolllatilt'lltlr:ii:ri.crlricln:irirlntduatr,r[ctit-'rrt0trtulro,nr5ir-tri;i{t2iorirlcrir(ilulolrrl,elitxOrlrtiinrldlrl)rlzoiuc:a0=rl,ii,r{61l1o8.9intn{tliecnrrrn'bt/lr.rirrmlIliinri:lt;ulolIhit7nlu)r,l:rr{.-rei,6nanr,lrl6fuliitncf[ilroilcr'rc/lrlmar:Lfttr-il'.nctrr.rlri(zrll)r.0r.ianil)lciiltr1arr6lb'aa7,lrliollractlix;l9rn; ufi{snninrrlrr'c1iic!arrle'ucr

A!"": 0,35X 0,90 x 0,68 x 0,80-0,35 X 0,90 y 0,68 x 0,80 : 0,761.

l)er:i, grtrlul rll alolx.rilc al Jcsirtrrrii tslc Apr:0,761 srrr Arc":i6,I0i6 fi ar.r'asta
ittsrarttttii. t'tiltfornt rlclirriliri, cii, tlintr-o sulrralalir de.100 dc unitir1i,76,l unitr'iti dc lr.r,ll;i
{el reprtzinti lnlirittra ploi,'r'!ir:i lirclor ilc urzt'ali;i tlc br'i{6tulir pc srrprafala r.onsirleratri.

ll0

iIl

qrur.t(l\.) i)\ .rolo.rtJ J[c.l].)trn?tp J)o.rao.)l) 'urtrr 91;l t^l.tJl]tsuo.) .rs ,a|ro1t,r rrr)
Iu.) ()[.rrl q;rrlrsorl tjtul\ulu rrnrltsr)l) f.) i)l).)_r.)i-.);)t.rlJuro.r$ o1.r1ru1rr.r rrrlJ

(rot) "tqs"'D'D: H

-tIto.r'zlt,r 1s.r.rt: trf : 1rr1.rorIu"r ltr) [u:iJ t] l?A a.ti)[(lutn a!, lttlu.)r]
,)s lllrl.ol tlirrln.rtlils .riu)-1r 1'1(r.)3drdrsrrr.rIeutl.trrortltur"tIsscIlr)1n"r.ort)h:o.r1ro.rl1rr:r]'ru.rrnln1 .rpus.IiUi ripButrlrl.tjlr:rJjiu)l-frt5rl^rur.os.)
|..tJl)ts-il0,) Js ull?Jnriprl uiule.rrlns J.nl,) u!'6eg'filJ ljJal)15^u().).r,s.r^r';uP.rrluul
-Js o ul r-llul.rorhl.r 'r^r1uoJ eurrs;)[r o n.) ,trl.e.lurlrrto;r ,.r;lt1
-rsorl ilturl.ttrrr luni-ol) rarnl u.nrrfinurr t1ia.r n n.nui)(T
'ru.rlrltutr,rlr .ulIn]tI.)r.)rI
..ru.r iluil.rlrlr illJn[n.)lr:.) 'I t.tilut.tt:

ln.rl, u.) ul .tluJ.I Ir.lnlIS ri- tr"tttl r^rsa_i. lrlt tn[)^.)l) 'CJI] 'ojctrr1. : rr:r 'r.rn1ro1rro;r
Ilulu.rrlns r* JIBcpr ru rlRrlr.rur.rrl rr.rl.xuu.retl
'.ri -r1s i tr.rqluolrlxo lrrrltrrrl oJtul lu:)[p.) rrp.ro1rrirr1c.r pJarrIr(J
rrinlls,rl ufulultlns l.rl
-rrrp prl.rorlr:y'669'lil,{ rr1 'q.rn';r^rsei utl) o.rrJ ol) oruclst-q

Lltop .lolJ.) r tu r:J l11r rs l:.ntz11 i)l) .r61rri r prrtl.r pJ.lltr[B]r^
i ,r.rcs,rl u1 rr.rrrlt-rscj lr.n-rlr-nffuJ r* rrl.rarn rr.n^r"rlu I l?.).n?u
.rur.lola[) : a]rroln,\lr[.).r rs .r.rulrnrrs .loll"rn]Is-Ji r:.rru']cor0.lrI

: :),il.ndur J .r l)ol cttl u ilc[ cl uiotlelo .rolr.rn1 \i) l rro.) .t0 tJ]ettn:rr
tuoirp.)r.l tJa : 1
-rrT e,r"n:1.ra"toi) rg
Lrl^llrrr.rJli)l) i)lJ.n?ol!:tu.nr

r:I JliJ)^olo] .)JJl(lIull rl] [nlu.)t.)rJ,to.r '.rr1.rt:.il[ P{)&I uI

',).rP.)o.tl

ep rs' o.x1st?l;) c[JJ'lralr.r lllulrJ(1 ul.rr: .rolJ.ilJ Jlll J.)trr

-u.).)llr-o.)rztJ elrir^rlar.rrkr.rtl . : trrnlt:-sJi ll.lllrttt"ll? i r3.rrr1r^r1gt1
ogr rS qr;ttrz.rn;rp J0l.)J1J l|eiaurJ : ?.Irt'l ti.l lf ([ rt! ri uludzJrt rr1 tr.tilltts.ri t?,)lurr.)l)

: t.tol;rtJ. rr.r0lLftr.ru .rp .rri.rtrrt; ul .)ls-J tr.rttlusei u rt.rcltltrtn i)p lrllu;1.)rJi)o)

'll,ltllt?si) l
lBttI'B(U(rltit)tpttJl.r]si)r-J(s5't1I;.1tl)r]uBrisrrJlci.r1rurr6rtlportr
lu i)Julu.loJ.rp olrrirptro.r'Ir([utJJ.tdB Itottt
i).tifl([tuo op urpUrror,)r],]o,) t? p;trut oriut.rtl.t o

'.; i ttt 't r.r.rsli lntltrrrl rtr 'rr1tt.lz.rtt c[) JI.).uJ. u] ]rurruttt pJulIrstIJ] J
ir-:.rrr1r1r^rr1 op ts" tllt:oz.rn elt JolJ.rJ .)[u oi)ultr.)cttt-ocrzrJ JlJiFl
..rr.rrlo,rrI op ptrrzrrrt.[.r[) rnl uJurr.rfl(t ;.)lr]l tluttoit.totlo.ttl op :;rt.u.rr.lool
o.y

il0[ rrr''nrp.rut c.r;rlrIurtt Jl) [n)uJrJrJix).] i)f si)
t)-nt.) trr

(zor) ' ,,17 'o4- 1

ullu[i).t I]slxJ'lllllr
B.lll\Jltro,) o tt,t;ttotl luIt.)[]r.)'9b ,,t ltrttr.rrlrc'Ittpcttr i).rrldtttn a1i Itluo.rr.;co,t rs'
rr.rrt;r^r5.ri n J.n:ru.roJ i)t) Irurrlsu.)l rrJlur.ruru o.rltlr'[oJ.ls1i'ttt.lu.rtlsa.r ll.Itrlri)luo,)
rr.r;uorl '(L:1u;z.nr cp rnlnIns l? rJuul.rJ cp tj-ro; no rS) e.rrrs.ri op rttprsoco.tc[ u
lluluJou rralu.ursBlsaP nrlrratl .rPsJ;)eu lnl.lol+ ilJ rl8rloli.Iodo.rd 1;r.lrrP o;se lr.r;r1rl
-rtln JI) rlrlnlUarcrJeoJ na.fuolr?A i r.3sr.r.rsc;rl uJrtrrscl) PI e;rrlcedsi].r rr"tllr-rsiri ttc,r
JlJ.n] llI C.rllsJ.)Jr.1 ;)lUr\Ptll IltllltstlJl
-lrltt.toJ tt.rlrtCrl'rr.reSoi rlnnel ltuuarlrurtr1.r'gBtltUl'auzls.rttur,ir)rlr)
uorluolll,r, rS olSctrrlop [rr.rtl'rt- runlFsi)i 1u irlultlcurlrt{ot op

tI-r{Iurrr\.rr:iuirtzt.r)lJuZilrs,.r).)[1) .r)ri?I..rruu,1r;rr;-1roIqlcltut1rn'-.)\rl)1.Irnotlluso.r.rt,l'rlJsJBo'l)ti')I.zn.ltlll1r1t1ut(t[.mr1Dtr-rl]slcuii)lzl .lI^nllll.r)r.11 Ilrqrsorl
l:.)rills.]l)

J.tlU! l.totlu.t urr i)lsJ ilJuc'.l,rr1rlt.ttrr i)l) lrllllltl.)r.)lleol) ni)ttlI.lFtll ,)l)'l.t.ttts1t111
e.rut1 lulu u.).) ur ',rlr:iuJlrlJlrr lu!s .toIr.nltltsr)i tllriqlrr.rrlo.ttl ti tt.tttl:ttt.tlq

araldun aP InluaIJIJaoJ 'g

rlircr:t.irr ltttll), l:r sistcntrrl ilirt rlr' I'ilc ( f rirn ft liuc scanta rle locul oclllilf (.le
incrrrcilililr tl irrtrr. l'irclrr r.r,lor: rlorrii sistcnrr., in frrnr.lit rlr. rlr..r,nrrl rrr.ritrrr.ii).
s(' l)o:r tc o\l)r:illrir pri rr relrt iilc : .
t^)^n,u:-i: 100 $,:r D,)mn'b_:t-;1:,0.0
(lf)11.; 1111;;

l''orlrrtrlr'lc t:itrt'l'oloscsr'lrcrttrLr r:irlctrlrrl cocIicicrrtulrri rlr'urnlrlr'1'rr Plr,rrcir

rlc lrr plr.rnizir r':i. in liet.lrr. r.ilporI rlc atnrtrr.ir. lilelc dc rrrzcala or.rrliri urr sPirlirr
rrgrtl cu dr, flu, ilr Iilel, rlr" hiitirtrrrir or,uPii rrrr sllutirr { gll ,r, tl6. lo , '.1.,
itstllncn(ra._ ci in Iiecare lal)o].t de lnnurii. firclc dr' lltil_iilnrii o(.lll)il ult
trgitl r'rr dtr'ntt iur l'ir','1,',lc urz,,rrlir ocupii trn spatiu cgirl crr tl.u.tu. slrrr Iin

S-ir rrolaI crr:

d,,;i cl6 rliitttrolr'r'1,' filclor rlc trt'zeitlii si rlr, lrirtr'rrrrrir. irr rrrrrr:
- rrruni"rn.rl. rlc f ilc rlr: ru.zetlri rlin raliortul al'Jllrrr.ii :
fl,, - rlr. Ifiur.cr.nrrlrc. ih;iirrlti;ilrrlrcr.ii{i,rlicrrlorlit|doct.tl'irllirt:rirr,trurrrrriir.iri,L; r
fl6 - rrrrrrrirIrrl dc fil.lrr rlr'
t,, -
numirrul

lrzcitlii ;
rrtrmiirul tlc irrcrrrcisiri tle firclor rle rrrzcal:i r.:ir firr.l,r rl.
{,, - Jrir tii turir.

\urrtir rul rlr'r'irpoltt,c irr rrr'zcalir ('irro sr inr:irrlfr,irzl'r-in 1()0 rrtrrr rle Ii,i:itln'ii \-ir
f i. ,,rrtfot'ttt r't'1,,r' iu'irtllr. ln:t; sls. r,gll ( u

100

du.nu*du.tr''

rlc ascnrr,rrca. rrtrrrriirrrl rlc ra.groar.tr: in lr:itirttrr.ti (.tr(.sc irrr.arlLcazii irr 100 rrrrn
ilc lesiilulir va Ii r:gll cu

100

dn. nt * du. tu

qi d_t,Jrirleriflirnl islict :cututru'l'rir,irriir'r.trt'ululrliriilcrlr(.l0rrl)n;iiplclc(.lO,'icrz),,rl.tr,":lilrrcrrznirrrrtiitiorrlrcr.slrirrrrri ctrhrrliririrrlclc lrosiliilc
r.alr,rrl :

,,rr: t00. D.. O,(d,llyJdo:t) (106)
,]
o::: II ,

hh _:-:-I00 . D, D, (do , nr, * d,,. t,,\ (107)

. D-oro flo '
j

I ll r':l l'r' :

ftu r.-1r, ,r'.oorc.Il'ii,c,,ierrrtrrtrrlrl,lrclcrrrrrrrrllJpcltc'rl.cital llrj[.e:r-qluiilt'tiririiirrirlrrirrlriiLlrzrrl.airl.ii:
hh

(irlriilircrlrc'oIlL'ro(-(''.istl1'srti1(ititrtn,ri'trrgttrl'alrtrra'r.lllidslsc:;tnld,nrrcas'rlcctilrtlt''rlit,rlnr'ortlstixiltiicilIr'sretrirts'rar'tirtliIrtceir-c.rlrr.'tlt(tiitf"{:titligiPiprn.lrc,5t]'tlrc,'fciul.0li'nu'u)r.rsaltrlr'ae'rl,rnl'rcltanslsniiiriilusll,rti.cifPnu(igr1e,-0nt..rt(c5rdrli)r3er, 1ri1riiu,r(r,'c(rir,lain(crl,f:,larc)cr;.cicc'\a6p.sgrrisr.n,ts,r.Ltrl-rr',rrrri.rIrIiirurs:rzrlrnrrlrIgrr,r.rrsu.z1ic.nirr.r
l':tzclc rlc stt'rtr'tttt'ii 1.5 ri 6). ln ar:e.-st rliir rrrnrir caz. tl istan(cls intrir 1r.rrtr.r.lc
It rlottri l'it'c siltratr: irr aJrropicle dir locur"ilt rlt'inclLrci;ilr(,(.u fr'r.clc,qistclrrrirri
oprrs Irr:lrrr;r, sir sc c\l)r.;ure pr.in relaIiilc: (v. ;i fig. 5.32):

(d,, +d6) cos B si (dr ld,,) cos B.

+12

8tt

'!lnlEsJl u! '''tl*nt!- _ lt''tttHrr
J0l.r.rrJ u ir.rullrlrrur .'l) [nlll.itli 'iL'! $1.,1

-aoc B ' -6 cJolcltrrn lcsepauItllutr1lll'r(l;r)tl)T
noJuolua 'pour
erpour
roriula.r lrzuq uI Els oJBi) ',J . {"7s a7, .'t,
cruolua uoJB llcep crur rBul elsa rlcrl)u
,qu.ap
runnlrr op gjuulsrp o nc lric
alsa Io 'Ztg 'fr.; u! apaa es urnc r3dug 'riur
lrur Ii)J.)ls,l o[J nl pzuo*ron.r.)u! os c.r€J Tltcz.Ilt cp rr1c.ri1 r$ l^r.ttt1ll1t-:r1 JP.]T,).rrl
i).rlr-r.) Jl) r-r.rnlgsoj cp'1.roclu.r oJtrorl rr1 '1rrhr.ro lnrir:tTq (qOt) r.rrfular.rolrlul]
it'rou)rt1pli),rtrrrr.irarrr.ti1rd,t.)srt.'so1tctu.ztrlou.ost,1,trrlrrrlorlriu:tlrtso'Ior[z'rStc.?lrBtcnrzt(uL.elrrglnple'rgIiutuocr.llororrr];J.nlrn)rrlln:Iu1trreradtnp,ltutruJul'urslcrp[l$lJlrnu+e.cr1o,ooolnleBsulpopn:urJgmi1Iraicr,cllrssrsn'roctJre:st'rrpp]r(z.tiqrtplntpoto1'rolsrp-.lort'^uu'rplIuruJi)ir1)u.lsrtrio-lc1sJI .S-ltlcglicutpJt.IttJruLoslror.olzq..u.ir.rur]l:r)tlOrlnfItz]to1,ull-1(ltt.)t[li
f;ilofr l: r:' rlur.l([ ut 'QJ.qp n, luia l].illlu.lll o1i 1.rotln,r
!.urlr-rll-r([ i)ll cli)i + "u.op r.idnoo iI e1--o c.lll.)JlJ tll
rS r31r:az.rn c;ru'a atI Int]oI Jtr '9pf ttp tlttrtrs
op oli).rrJ

rr.r r^rprirr Jl:-i) o.ruJ lt'(Ztg'firJ) trr.rlsr-. Iirurnlocu.rolo.IlJ i)lo.Iltr,'1,) g3rrl1 o.trt:t

u;w 'rrrnlusof rlJ:tiltu,IoJ tl! o.tPrP.ltn.rJlul lizt: '1 '1gc 'bt.,1

€RreF w

fiffiffi

,(JzrrrLrlorft) clcT:r.rp lorrn u'r.l1r1rrozr.ro cp Lrirr;'oturttlltrl rlP IntIIStln l)tlIrI ll:lso..)lr
.Fl .n,t ill glrjlnltru! cJrJ. cp oIrri)l!-rs InoP Jolo).ro[il.IJOItllllP lrllltrs rltlnllJl)lolrlt
Jlso u.ltltilLrrl n.r r^rzlllrtrr,nr.tor,l cs eJuc l^rllloz.tn ol).lolJJrT Jlo.llttJJ o.t1tr1 tljtrnlsrp'
,ir;nr1r-rS,rj Ir lr.,,rLr,.rtr1 Oll clozllJ ltltlol n.tlrtcCl 't;st3 'Jtl.tOrt.rB rt1 |r'17 LrJtr;rz.ttr ttt

r.nrtu .rJ rp azDJ qnop olctttr.trl u1 u.tnlpsci '0t:9 'FlJ

rr,rfrr.zrr.n.prr:1nr1orMllarrpu.rlirr[[lr,t.q-.),t1s[l.],-Sclrnjpi lt'n*,1.lrir1rrnrri,)r.oiuti*rrt.ntJt-notpt'otopqrrrpoIrn*laflnnuJprricl]u,z.nu(rr:lrrrrt.utr^o.lrr.r1nrrut,rririr1,trl)uo(It9lt'sl(i90.t)lc1€Ul).g-itr'lJ5ltrzlirlrJt1rtl-,')I1r_..cItooPf.t.rfsu.tllru(.ttlrll.J)ir]J.o.Irl.l)lJl:.cllr.s1rJ1toI.;prJ.tzn1ltt1tl.'i;'rltrl^trlt.rltrJtlt.nlrl^i:.t]trt,ott)l
jituls Tllnzcr 'Zf:S 'SIJ lE 0€9 'Er1 o.rlrrl r;.rn195o1 o i);)rr+ os BJtr(I
!r
'pr.,

('stc; i1 to:rtg clznrile, tuti rrrir:i-r tlecit lalorilc citrc Lci) pol- calt'trla t'u rellliilt
1(1l,{r)r6...)p;,iru(.t1f0a?r)..'loVraleorrtirlcerncte'krrluera{iotn'trtitrtltitccaalculelusteltueruii"ucpt-esttcrtrreulatogiai tsti'ntitpcLcillicl,'eralenl
,rnr.ti.i" cu err.cpIia almrlrii. ltinzir, la t'atc r alori[o sitrt tuaritttc 1rt'tttrtr loate
lazt'le tlc fornran' a !csitrrrii.
l'entrrr r,aL,rrlrrI nriri exrcI al cot:lit'cntrrhri rlc ttrtrlrltrc ruttliu al tcsiittrlii

Hnrr. st'poatc {olosi relaIia (t0ll). il t]irlr irrttrrr irrc 1i 't-aloar:ca tros p. rlr-'tl usir

tlirr talctrlc geornetrictr :
!l-Hmert: O-(2::-fuj pyt d,') + t (d" + 4!.1-iqar:i l-'*t"l co9-Pr-) (r0B)
2n

i1 ealculclc crrr"ent1l, sr: folost:st'. in-*ii. reltliilt. (f06) li (l0i). cllt) 5irlI
rlai sirnlrlc ;i car'e rtrai pot ll)iirel ;i strlr ttt'trti'ttttalclc f orttrc, fii-.,,t',t. rlirtrttt'trrrl
f(irr..clrocrlacI.isatr:Je6rpi)r,inrr'aatloilnilefupnracii:ituicrr:lea{leintc:o!rcIsiri-'citoutt'uIilcrriri.lr-r[.tIuiilndt[c prgptrrIioirrrlitittr: -
f
rlrtc irr tabela lli ;

tccsttr rt'lt1ii urr tur caraclt'i' tttai gcneral :

h,,: +D, (A,,Vten,. n,, Ao{ten. t,,) ( lOe)
nil

*h6: D, (AuVle,xo. nt A, Vtex" . 1,,1 (l 10)

Hmed: h,*h, (1r I )

2

[.teinple tle rulctil rrl. nxirinii coe.[it i<'tr!ilur tle tttnltlt're rr !t:sr-tlttrilrt.

litemplu rrr. I al t,oofieirltilttr rlc rrnr;rl,'r'e. () {t:sirlruir rlin {irc tlc linit t'nrtlatit arrr
rurrnirtor,ii pnrrrrrrr'1r'i ai contcrturii: linr'lta {ilr:lor tlt urzca[i ?l,l tcr; Iirr, 1, a iir', lrr ,1,'
lrirti'rlLrli iiiJ".'iii rr:r; tlin trlx'la 19, sr, iau ralolil,' dianrcttcl,l du =-0,3(r3 trrnr !ri dr'-'0.jJ9l rrrnr;
tlcsinrile fcsirturii : D, t-ulB:l,rl--2fi.lr'/]0-,tUctm',t,,r,1i Dr:i:tg {ii'e/I0 rin ; ilrmorfl 1r'sitrrrii : )il,
rrirrtl n,,:nrt.:4;i rtlaliilc (10) i; (ll), I'zultri: rlia;1,'rrll

:ft -!i! ( 0':l6i- lr 0':l"l v-l) - (, t. jt, u ;
" .1

,, - l;iu ({r':;')j\ l+u':il'iixl)-: ;5.;'i, ;
4

Hn,a: 9l'3-l ;i5 : 8 l,q9'0.

2

l,)x:nplu. rrr. 2 pcntnr cocficienfii tlc umplcrc. O tresf,tur'ar r]irr {irc tle l-rurrrbac rle rrrnti-rlorii
lrlilriirlrr/r)tn,arl-cr:rlirllaistIl9eIirrcrco'/zlrur0lttti'rcrrtdnu,;r,i::r0lIu,irIrriA:u1rrlarnllIsmirhttSluoirridi lt:l:c0p,1uitr.rzzlci6ra, lmiatvm1in9;tlttl/cc?sr,im:9iinlcao-:l2c{isrciill;uoirrii rlr Liitirtrrrit I I 1,':. :
:D
tu: u t-2t:7ft1, {ir:r,Il0 cnr

. Ii,'ztrltit ;

55 (r),r7X2+0,r46X2) : [i0,.i% ;

I

:ir5 ( r|,1-16>.2+0,i?0 x 2) eeY,{r ;

2

H,,"a: 3t)i.j.;92- : 89,65ak.

41{

9lf

l-8ft-t9a fig-rBa FIel)rJrljB Is !:ll-iltipu osElP\{
782*'296 Rdoulr I$ ul
0se-09e 6Ut)-t8Z
0/z-09e 0t'g-08e ElBLrPldoI(l PU!'I
0z€--08a t?]r?pJer EUJ-l
782,-097, 9gg-686 cPquntg

.ty "y op c.il,1

ay !s ,,y olupluuo,i?irJo;f iilill"il'i,,"',|ol'f'f3o",n,u.rus:edxo 1.,o1u1

I _1. t.)iaqD,L 'aleluorrruedxo rJolul '69 t1cqn1 'q, Is ,nq3y r3I.Srrt1rgrffyc1 cp rriucrri
rrlulrlurrori
-rJoo:) rr.rluall rr! .rBr

-.rcrlo.rrl rrp .rolrjtrlrrrrJro.) elu c1r:lrraurr.rrrclxo rJol?A rirrprrr es Ig Ble(lpl rrI
'!.mtEljiq cp ti 1:1ucz.rn op
u! :r.nl il) rlrrclsrs r-?ilop .rolao olr? r.rf*rJn.rurrl op lul.rodrr --_ qt Is ol
ln.r?rrrnrr lIss'c"U
l1.rn111r;q r* glnozrn ep prl.rocltr rr! e.rr; op In.rfnrnrr 9y

irr.nrlr-rs,ri nrn1r33c1 ltzulzr,icJlr.rpJ( c.rut rjrrorlryooe - q

C

..rrr*rr o1r ori:rrru; rrr ,r1rr1rpr*rri.ro.r,,.,,rilt]'Ffi.rl:iilt"tl] ,,rr- n)l I$ ny
: ir.tllJ Iti

'(*+'r)(st r) oxeld _ etl

ty-

\ ,{'t ret / ne
l+(rr r) -+n^")r)
"N

: eJB1o;)Jit cl) r.ni.rJrlI rrrp l]lp,lrrorrrrlcrhe e1r;i

ad csnpcp InJIc.) op 11iu1o.r'eueolgzrrnd,.J.Ioi) olellnzoJ rn'rso1o1 lod os'.ro1r,r
-rr1;soi rr.rqrll:rrotd !)rlJp.rd rrr'Arlour l:^o:)t rll6'urrrrrrucl nus
Ir([tzr,\ nrrrsap plrsoJeu 1r:rroFurp r;.rn1qffo1
o rl!;lJl) rJr?ru rr?ur ll,t snllp q,m1qff.r1 o'r.rg(ren.13111 11p

.n-rrrnrlr r*u1ooe n1 rB lrode.r rI! e.rII cp 1r:Fe JrlItInIt rrn u1 'fe .roiu u r.rils(lo e1eot1 c,.- Z
'1.rorfu.r Irr.).IrJ ap curalsrs Enop o[cJ o.rlrrg r.rgSrrrn.I]rlr cp In.rBlnru-l rr":].rodrrr rrrlr
rc,.lrrro..gonru'Jl1Jrli3rr!Eilzr)torrPJ:.rauI::1rcIlnroulJornl1tlot:tuuoIJ.larnllflrconrts-^?Itln.urnrts.ttr1:rol;rrur.r.rntrrc.lllr'cce1tsact1ruptunl,.lrrneeo'trlr1'arlr"nrlrrnfn.eorr1nuppnlJ3g;ou,rls1'rl(.orlot0dftlrJIp'r)l1u1r:to:r1et1tru..rtl:'oers(zl9lyoath.0'rz'tt.tIlrpoto)r.1Jraqcolpr*l1lrsIlrryjorrsiz:tr1lr1rc:.:ur..r)rr.,^ntrr1a?lliBat)lr.Foo.ume;luiIr'1o'rurtc^rrlr.clllr'e(a.nrrcilun1d,;ttrt'r.rtrilrezr1nt1r-'trr1,o'r:.1trtrutpr,
-rro.rrlr) otrJl?lrrcl.ro r.rolr?rt lrr!s pollt:lsotr? IrT Jlplrru.IJJ.l.rlr rr.rnlqc;li olnurse([

--a-s--l(er r)
"l'"p * ou'np 1

aU.eU

I

ktt) . _q-ln.aep+nu.np
n7J . oq

tr1 ti : rpritrlo.r rsasoloJ cS 'rJ.rnlr^rsei "rolrrrrrsop aInrclnp,,)rltprcpl:lleorrscn,rt.lrJusrqrl'.(rnlt.rlln!l1{l
r-r1tt.rz.rrr rrr o.lo1d[rn op rrirrcrorlcon':rri.rulrl
-1!irr1 ri B.nrll-rlBq rr1 ri gleez.ln ut rrrnl!lsei uetursap'.ro1e.r; uojourl) rr.rulr,rlrro.i
rn riuul.rorlurr Ir.llllur?Jr?rl 1io.;t ap erjcunl o olse Tr ocoJuorp 'urnlgsirj laldruo:r
nrrrl lo.) lfrpolrl Ltr l,trloztJoli)l:.n?? cJrlt InluJnrolo clsc e.leldutn ep lnlrrorcrloo')

Tabelu 52

Valori cxpcritncntalc pciltflr coi'ficicnlii C, !i Cx care caracterizeazd lcgdtura tcsdturii

din punct de veclcrc al nririnrii flotirilor

l-trgiitrlra C,, ct

I )iuzd 3,70 3,65
I)arrarrra 2/J
.1,l5 .i,-

I)anarrra 3,/3 r,'J0 r,05

l)artaura 4/4 t,:,) 4, l0

Diagonal 2i2 ,1, ()t) 3,89

Diagr-rrral 2/1 3,113 3,79

Diagorral 3/l r. l0 .l,-

l)cirtru R/'l -- 2 .t,lti r,3 I

:pcrrtrtr R.''l 2;5 t,66 'I,i)J

r\tlas pcrrtru /lr'l : 3 .r,72 .l,tr8

P€rrltril /lil : '1 t,l)6 -l,ri8

l)tent,ltlc dc u,tlr:til ol ll<::;itttii .firel<n' de ttr:euki .;i de biiltTlurd
littt:ntpluI /. O lcsirturri cu L,girtrrrrt pilnilnril 212, tljn Iire tip in, tlcstinirti ltnltu r'ittttii;i

tr(;tun'liitrirrzrLbir,lillrurslnrrzccrcrf,virerlsocnrpsrtrioot-lrrllttr(ul,rirll.rIn,eolrlanot,rl'esobnttnit:'tr;ocl1uon)(,lr'cr,pnololc))rfccrtlinniLcnttcirtnclLLrnlaiilt{lilri'-a2rr4zi,rt,c"'oQalsgili*rii:tr;rrio(ubrp1t,:s,,i1lsiirr3racrtrt.liroiprrr'liclisC,strplnI,'icct.ri-zrcn,lci.ririlLnv,c-c,Kn., il-"otrl0.tla'-io,trraezrlrriuxitl.tt;r:Ir'rcrasl:cilptripcrr(arrucdlvIe:cradilfc.c6ih!or.rlairn]I{rti{roriicn.r'tliicrtsttrts.jnlirits,:gitIr'iirrcitt'

D,: :y850n ( r.rJ l r) : i r(r f ir',',i rrr :

D,,: ?y5602 ( 1,00 J 2) : ll{} lir,. l{l ,.rrr.

L.tentltlul J pttttt'tr calt'ulrrl tlt'silrilor in rnz,trll;i in birttilurri ale rrrrci Icsirltrli tL: lrurrrlritr',
pentru carr sc iltt'cLuin!r'irzir Iirc rlc trrzcali liisucitr, avintl {inclea 2i)(2 frx si fitr: tlc birtir'
ttrrri dc l]tl tt,.r. L)r:oat,rt t(:sartul'it rstc tlcstinati-r rrnr:i lraino rle protretir: slrr intllriicr-rrrrrrrtc
lrlclioirrir tlr rarir rlirr filr: lip burrrLat, r'strr indicath o lr'ilruri diagonal 2/2 (ein.rs). Sr: rrplicii
rtlttia (llJ) lrcrrl.rrr rh'lcnrrinar:ea clcsinrii lcsii{urii ln urz,'alir. Din tabcln 1-rl, sr: ilrr rrlrrrli-
lrrrtr.le tlrtlc

(, : 3g9 i cur: 4 ,

l)c rscrrrcnr:ir, la urr tliagonal 2l2 nrr:4 $i tu:2.

,.: :,ll )(r n I = n,r> (',- 2ri; rire/r. r,rn

Du: 62,8126l4r 1+' 121l--'-"'r.s.y. rr: ri.j,r fir,.r[ ,.,,,.

Acestea sint lalori rtsl,l,clinrnccit('isi asliu-r;ro,l'1ior'sairitir,rriI-rrt,nlrtnrrir eorrrlitii l,.rrrrralc tlc frrscre, r:are lot fi
rliminurltr I itt rrrzttl litttl rr;urrii, sc iau, trx,rrtrl ,(, $i r(r,, v:rlur.i
trrittinrc slrr rrrerlii.

.l t6

LIF -.ro1r.m1pscl r:o.relroro;d l( r:rnl:rn.rts lf,

u1).t.'liJ.r.) lI o'ilJ.rnop:-ccj.JuIncd]rduBtt ]rrorrrr.ernlrlrpI lqoqp oIIIclstS l:l.toP J{)IoJ Jolllicll,lltroc r i)ll)JIrr
lcriJr,rllro,) rr.n^r].rrJs uc.rulrtrnttg'6
r.rnr Bsoi rr.r*r snsur'il::li:1,.ij rolorl r

: elo.llrolBrrr.ilt I trls oJrl Jr?Jd olc-lcilJ J' Rl Bqurrrl;)scrt Pultr
-!ul!.1 fllloT.lrl tlI llJtIIlscp '!.rlur.iltj([ lrr llJlrtrsaP elic.rJ 1t.ilr1ps;rj o il1 B.tn1r'rr1rl
-ttIil,\il i)O'uollilsoP lr.rl?trr u-s r tlrn.rlic'rn1ntrrolsrs lorjcpJlrroJ ]rJel.lir.l) tluuJS i)(l

nrtlnltl. .lllp 'J.rcscj llI Jolo.I]J u slicuJ]uor ol) ilpJ{tl ttJolut rJ.lJl:rJ.tJ l]rrlur.toli)p

c.lrl JP lUJlsrS JnSurs Tnrrn u grelucurrldns Be.rolio.rS'(E1uez.rn trr rjsrcl| Jl.rDol

'rrr cp 1t'1u1l.rd op q.rrlqsei o-.r1u1 gldec.rp cduoJdu lrntl1tq o'nylurexo ap) sop
cl.il?oJ clso' urolsrs llBIEIar rc€p 6lslnprroau lelduroc oduoJclB ourrrrjJ olBod .ru,r
-'n,lrrtoul)1rlcr.oIrnrJrorrrp,t)lgts3crlosu.etrdr5rrpcpcs.IrnoJurBeJnI'9n"1rcs[nuop1.r1tlt'arurc.rrrlnl'uslegopsprei reru lnuro]srs utp.rolJIrI u c,lBrtr ruilr o.tu[
rrJqrrrJotr rntlurl ur qzuc$rcnlcu! os cJui)
lfilpuoc ri rictrJ BI'rlc el$uounc es'r3.rn1
-!l.ll^r([ cp .rolJ,IrJ rerfcr.rlLro;r Bll.roll?Ir 'l.resaj uI rr.rn]!rs-oi nl.rulsnFul olSe,lr.rd or
l.rJ,) rrI 'l?.rnlllfq ap aJIJ cp rnlnJpurnu Ee.lu.roictu no Elup o c13alc c,rurr
'o.rrrlnptro op u1ucffgs rS uur"roy paop'JreStrr.raoJ'rlgn6.rrlctnrc,ldcnel ucrcplslrrus?uFnnuoloi p.rro€letucnu11.nn^rr:r:
r^:; truotfrprroe ol;^e 'rr;nrlgsai
-r.)n.rrtl! olrJolup .rolnielnpuo li:lr-lolr?p 'rnlnrty RoJEl.Inrs It tllu.Iu c3e1 r-r1st.rc1,-
'llirpilot ruiega'rleecruuorlt$1e.orceslSeap.ror$seEplererz.r"ornsouiIln(srroJ.nrol?.rsdeittrrr'rurr.rsto-tp11rtrsrce1iSue.or;.rruu.lsrnnsiButlu
,tnr
'rl.rrr1rr1uq oel

e13o.rl rr.rcsoi lndurp u! Ir1azrn EoJBIJnJS ?J lEltlsrroc r-g 'Flrler:rd giuulroclurt cp
rln8c.r alerrn Ecnpap as ES srruJad nu elelue,urlJadxe JolrJr.rcnl olrrznlctro3
'urn1 Lrs;ri Bcsuourldapu! el fs Jrnqo.Il oJPc oil'qcr1elsa rS 1.ro;tr0rr cp clrtilp
-'auo.ror;celiap.tro.rrrcr{cJoScIsBfonooc pu!'JeoJelaoclqBzu.nfudrslolnJuorcrsIJtI?SJnnszrnr!J'dpurar1lrrjr.srpeltotoo;er rI! 'es-np{I1.rnffrsu

gln5rsu Js 'ritrr
-rlsrp Ii r.rn1133e1 op rrJoFaluc ad'p1e:rz.ilr ur ra ?olllrsop ri grnlqlpq rrr rrJtr1psei

ncurrsoP e.rlur a[rrJFur B]]tunu€ o eP l.rodsr rnlln uJ.Illl(le1s ur.r(['ucuoutar^u c11
'Jlc urelsoce eIE ecrrrBJonr-ocrzrl agineudotd '11.rn1psej lnlcadsu r$ roi:r;u.rdns
lr.rnlctl.rls'aurrtd reueluul B fsnorDrpnl nercFclu'e.rasai u1 rr"rnlpsaj ta.ru1sn3tl1
ri.roleJrJ clrricu.rlrroc pulzurdap JoI ReJtsoIeA ep'riuulroclrrrr rulu roc rluJnlcn.rls-
rrorprrr lrus Jolrrursep plJodur rs aurrsap ep rrirrercrlooc Lr.) er13 cg'EIuozJn
u! ue:l lrJOp c.ruril reur orI Bs olBod FJnlElEq rrI taurrsrp '(r.rrrlr31r^rq cp loelii
rrr r.rnlp,<aj) o1r:r:r'a'cls tr,nzv) olrrrn rIJ '1nsaj cp "lolorroqztJ Rcllllr.,l"rlcnpo"rd e1r
lrJnlcnrls E aJBIIIJoJ e1t clrrfrprroo cp alu8al olua.r
rS'rr.rcscj lndurrl tr1 'rr.rnlpsci llcap l.rBru
-JPisrros urP'p.rn1p19q ur alc,) rutu luls ulBcz.ln tl! altltllsap o.ro1r.rnl
-gsoj u clulr.rofuur ueJrnr url'lrre{?eJ} rrrincl e1reo1 porl ut Jsoullltr! es'p.rn1p1pc1
61 ri qlucz.rn rr1 a1effa lrtlrscp nB a.rrc 'rl1ln.ngrl r,tnlolr.rls nc elr.In]!?so,L

Ilrnlpsei Iu aulsaP ep InluaIrIJooS 't

: (+. :,o.ilc Oriarr] s0,r8u -,.s6,rxz.s€
stv) dr!

1'rc 617crrJ ul't,zt:92.'txz'sv: (+. sml -f;! :"o

qrrilrJrp(l.orrl:crrrp(uI'gll7rgrplrrrtr.rnoltplusrcnl tro:suEBnrIllnBozlucqurqn.u'rlnrLBlp'Vlpo:g3uss"1Dn7PrSu-spolnulocDJzJ'.xrna:10u9I6tec-llclufaolusXro3fIanEprlF'lpg.lcn:d1p'6y1p' tT;otri1rlc'AIhouqlral'u'ttcgzr1.milr 0s
rtt

llr.zi-.tcnlt lt rLrPcru a tcsiitulii t'r'urlc, raportal-ii la un singur {il ditrtt'tttt
sistetlt, clclte po mi'rsirrii lc tLcltt' lniltirlr'a desirnii sistcnrr-rlui de fire l:csl)octi\j,
(l('o.y-r'{l(j se urir.cstc cocrlicir:rrl-trl r[e spriiin reciproc irrtre firc. Cu clt tttrsittrtca
I'ir.rrlrri rrstr: rnli ruir:ii, cu atil- este uriti rnntc rczistenga Iui in !r:siitttt'a cnrtlii.
tl ttoli tir gratlului dc strrijin rtlai mare .

Coc{ilicnttrl clc tltrsiltrc al Iesirttllii. notat ,.:rt Cd, rcplczintii srruta t'ot'Iici-
crrtiltt lrirr'1iali tlr tlt'sirtlc rlotali clr Cdr,;i Cd6, ( lro s(-r tirL'Lrlcazii plirr rcltliilr' :

^Lrlr: D,,v t"*,, (l l6)
f OOO

\-'rtb: DrV te*, ' (l l7)

n000

L^U-t:- fo," V lex, /Dr tex,, (r 1B)

ooo

Irr f1raltt rrrrrlIc eazrrri, Iinelca {irelor '/dl c urzcllii cstc trgitlit ctt a l'irc[,,r rlc
biitiitrrrii 1i al.rrnci rela!ia (11[]) tlevine:

cd: 17|4[!1. (l le)
/l 000

l,crrtrrr satislat,crea cotrr.[igiilor dc rrzurir sitnultanar a Iilclol tlo tLlzcalti ;i
Iiitirtur.ii din !cslturii. lt'ebuic lcspe(]tat un atrunlit cchilibrtr itrtr'e ttriit'i ttttla
rlcsirpii irr rrt'zeula. fa[:i rle utiirintct tlesinrii ttsaturii in biitiitulir. i1r ar'r':t.{'o[)
s-i1r tlctt,r'nrinlt, pc t,ak: t'rpcrilttentitlri,'r.tl.ori lilrril"a itlt: raltorttrlui tlirrtrc rle-
-oirnea Iirr,lor rlc liirt,itru'ii ;i cclc tlc ulzcitlei dirt lesirttrrti. in Iuuclie tlc legiitrrla

tcsir tur:ii.

lixt:cptirrtl lcsiittrl'ilc cu strttt'Itrrii pittt'itti.ii, p.tttt'tt loat. t'clcllltr'!r'siilttl'i
cstc r alal'rilir r:t:[a[ia t

,,r,, -- k , [)r, i (120)

irr t.lft. : /,: r,sl.(: r:oelicicrrt r:g:rI r'rr tttirritttoa t:itIor'tttltri irrtrc tlt'sirnca !r'siittrlii
irr lrii tatuli'r ;i t[csirrrcit tti itr trrzctlii.
Lrrrrriir:ii1 ctpcrLirrrcrrttlt' lrr stabiliI r lloli 1rt'actit,c pt'ntrtr co,'f it'itrrlii (Jrl'
glllIrr rlc !csiiirrri r:u rlcsl-iraIic l-rirc prct:izittr't (trtbt'll 53.) ;,i cotrlicicrrttr[ /,'"
l)o i'r,'ri,1i,'t[ri It.giitrrr.ilc cclc,111i J1"gc1r:ttt trtilizatr: itr ltroitrctitlt'it tesaturilor'

i,,

( tabela 54).

Tabel:t 53

Valori expcrimentale pentru coeiicientul dc desintc Ca in func{ic clc caractcristicilc
legdturii si dcstinalia tesdturilor proiectate

Dcstinaf ia'[esitttrii Leg6tura iitla s

ltilz:i dia2g/o1nll'liag2u1r2rrl pri)i;r, Idiagor ra

l'rttste diu linii I00f6 12,068,99 ag? I 1,20 I I ,li:i I 2,64
,1;,1 .1go/o lin;i ;i
Paltalotti ll,llr7,90 E,95 r0,05 10,6; 1r,98
55,q'o l)E
Pat desie 8,'r7 l0,2rS I I,l{) |.57 l,72
clirr linii 100lil
|,-7,[i0 lt,t3
din .159ir lirrir i;i 0,35 I0,-:llJ
551',0 t)ll l2,ij-t0,21

I1,3 r | -,-- 12,62 13,05

418

6tr

: x'tII,l OT/crtJ 261 vLz L'0 :aQ

-'rrrr 0L1o.rrJ If,tr-(' - r'11- t'LX L'o
z9'lg x o''ol :llq

-xolr?.\ Rr as) g'0 - l'0 : y lf 0I'tL: '(1'6 n;r.r

Ir:) '976 lurro8rrrlr nrn'19ih1 n.r1n.irl p lnylturrq

'rrrc 0l/c.tlJ I'BI =.= B'0'X}EG:0Q

0li.f,]J (.)CAt€'18- 6: I'l+t'1,x8'0 :oCI
69,ls x 9g,6

.u^ nrl) rrrn ilr os B'0 - l'0 : '(g'g nldrncrc cp 't.to1
"1 IS BZ'0t -=oC 'IlZ luuo8utp u.rn1q8r1 n.rlrhd 6' lttldruat,,[

'urc 61/c.rr; l9I d 6.0 X 981 : aO

x ouo,u 9Br! 1,691: -l ijll-I i'o :,,o

.'r.r.r.rrrr *.).r)r)[u\ r:r cs) 11'g "' I - .y rt:l 'll'B : n2 'qzrrld u.rn;r1f;.r1 .rrt.]rl r !l'tttlp
lrrl;,f.fi'?r

: (19 ulctlul rS gg t:pqu1 IrI clllp
lr,lulrr.rrun.rdxr ?lr.rolua 'p.rn1pio1 crucer; nllucd 'csosolo; os) p.rnttlirl ur ri p1uoz.m u1 rr.rnlqsol
rolrlgrnuztpuusrsdi.rrlp: nr.r.mtrrllulpu8rcardd1',crr.rprso1ocutcu,rcunlrr.sJr.'u(r.rZ\DZuoIlr)ucullStr.Jrn(rfEsaotltln)ozJccrtlrol'lIdB/Zlrr.SrIfpu'ZuorlceXrDldrpyx'1ccSlrsg6ieI;/1trr'1:.ur7loru6Bru;1rrnlr:u'lpozo8uu.r1rrp;d'6c7rr_l6r.lz.rnolu1dpuBsoar81purrupr1l
;rrrrru '(,,1uE.rct" dll) o1es11d clsn; 1S 1uo1u1uud u;r1ued p.rnlps.rf o azclcarord 'rs !s 'lull
r:^ 1I(l !l.rql] % t9 "P colscruB rln-.rlurp 'qluuplrhrrl qu11 d1t cP c.rrJ urp 'uc rns.)cJu cls'rJ %gl,

'!.ntrplpq u! 6' pr)azrn u! lt.rillQsal ,tlutsdP ID l.ttrlD) op arlwa:ttl

i! "xal I +exrtA.q
kzr) ooot lLP7.4 \'

(rar) "xal /t + {ra} /t . ?

-ueg}Q ! lLpJ

olErrrl rriulilJ olcJuolqurJn. csJsoloJ oq
't.rnlrlpq u! Is rllBcz.In tlt rr.illl
-|t5-,ri clrurrsop rrriqo os BrllJlic ur.n?Ilozc.r rtud n(Jr) irlnf,sorrnJcrl Lrnol)
rul triunc,r Inop op uritlsrs trn qzBorrrrol (Oat) t'*(q(fOl fltS) clrriule.r r-ri) fr.Ios{lo o!-
'rirrcr:rrJ;roa IlSocu pursolol rr.rnllsci.Iopulrscp Inln:)IBc lll oJJ.tl cs^ ll llJluo.{

ii'u -e'0 8'0-9'0 8'0-/'0 I-6'0 6'0-/'0 8'0-9'0 8'0-1,'0 I-6'0

9.rntplqq gluazJn a/a arc ltt ll7'
SBIlV op s(lrU Brrreur(l 1euodu16 yeuo8er6l 1uuo3er6 Fzuld
op sdr2J

alrrnlebc'y

JolrJnlpsai JollJnlxoluol BcJeJoqulo Bl
oo
n :cl!solol c11;n193c1 rp ori:run; ug
S lnlnlualJuaof, cle oleluclurJedxa po;er1

,g DlaqDJ

5. Proiectarea fesiturilor echilibrate

Su r:orrsitltlii cri o !esiitrrrir cstc ct'hil.il-rlatii, atrrrrci cirttl, iu t:atlrtrl l)ilriltttc-
lrilor iurportan!i ai contexttrrii ei, sint satisf:icutc contliliilc :

DuFD6, tex,,:fgx, $i ttu:nu.

O {csiturir eclriliblat[ lru ar'o o struct(rrii stlict piitratir:ii. deoarcctr tlcsi-
rnca {irc,lor tle urzeali cstc rruuriti altrorirtrativ cgalA ctr aceca a filelor rlc
lrii11itulii. Se Stic cii, din cauza t'fortulikrr rIifcr:il"c, la larc siut supuse t,clc

tloua sistenlr) do fire. in ti.m|Lrl [.c,selii. e-ctrf llr'(]es.tL. 1tt'trtlrr obpirlere,tr rrrtci
structuri echilillrate, si sr: prcvaclir o desime in urzealir sensibil tnai tuarc tleeil
rlcsintea in birtiturir. Pentru ulurin!a calcrrlelor. se poitLe cottsideLa, insir, fiirii
a sc {ace crori seninificltivc din puncl- de rcdere plactic" cit, in carlrul lcsir-
trrrilor eclrilibrate, desinrile celor rlorrii sistcrtlc de filc sint cgale.
Dcoar'cce sc considcrri cii D, : Db , t't'zrrlti ci't laloalca fitrcirr:cia dirrtrtr
lrrlro:notruvtcloolltrtct\trrurcridt irt:tartirr,lcas1irrariifc[clsciititirrsiti:
acestc dcsiuri sc apropir'{uar'tc lrrulI
/)p1 r cotlcsPlurziitoarc (carartclislicii)

lro:ttc -.t:Litt:

Drr& DlrF Drri (l 23)

rrndc /),,, cste tltrsinteit rteclic, in l'inr l0/crn.
f)csimca lrctlic a unci !csritrrri crhiliblttt, a ciit'ei stt'ucrtttrii sc apt'o;tic tlc

t:ca pirtraticir, sc rlctr:nuinir folosintl r'claJia urtttritttaLc, rczultittii tlin dttr-lltr
gconrctliccr tlc,tcsitulii t'ousidclatc.irr firza ntcdic rlr'{ortttalc 1i tonfirmtlir pc

eale cxperirncntali :

": 'I /(o T*1- R" (t24)
I

lll citfc :

texr,, cstc f inc[ca tnr:dit: rtzrtllirrtl rlin rela! ia tlt: contli1ic in c:ttlrtrl lcsiilu'
lilor cchi libritto tcxr - :[t.:x6 lexnr ;

1(u rrot'Iit:ielt de proporfionalitatc, a eiirrri laloartr cstc frrut'1ic tlc

ntrtcrin pr:iruii (natura fil,rrelor satt a arucstccttt'ilor cle fibr'c) ;

R laportrrl irrtre nnrniirul ruccliu tlc fir: in raportul legaturii (n.)
;i rrruniinrI mctliu ile inr-,r'trci;ari (t^) alc lirclor de urzealir, crt
f irclc tlr lriitiiturt ;i alc f ir"elor tlc l-rirtiitrrrii, rtt filelc tlc ulzclrlir;
c,rponcrrt a liirui \-tloitrc este f urrcfic rlc L'gitl"trra Ir:srittrrii.

lrr gulcltl. Jirrr'Ict rrrctlic t lir'clor sc l)oi]to t,itlt,rtlu rlirt rclalit:
Icrr, -= 0,5 (tr.'r,, * k'x6), t[ar', irr cazul !csiil.rrlilor erelrilil-rrlte, {inclcu

fir:clol dc urzealir c,stc egtrlii cu a f irelor de britirturi.

l)r.rrrtfu Kotrfir:icnlii dg,si a sirt tlt:tcrrtrirrittc litlori rrrt'tlii, tlirt tlatt lrrac-
[icc, oxperrinternttlc, prcvirzutc iu tabcla 55.

420

I6b

qL't 0t | 69' I ,Lf,I i's't 6?,0d : stsllv
6t,0u : IBUoFBTCI
7,/'t €9'l i'g'I ' gt'l Oti'l L!,1 q?.0u : BtuEuud

LB.I T9,I /r:'l

v g'€ 0'g g'l rrJnlgsci ErtBlrorord lll

: JlsJ //, - u purJ rJlilrlB plsrriii; BaLUUq\\l lLroIcojJ olrsoloJ ollJr4!?;o-l
"-t/

DU lclsJjdxo rlu clulnrluJ UoIBA

g, t)pqDJ

.199 uprlut)
DU ilr[il.lo.lruJ llr.roIr],1 Jlulll:)[l]r 1u1s'uuruuutl ri suItr.r'1uuo"autP.r.rtstrl.t;r1t.rtt11d.rl n.rltIJd

- l+r.rrr Or/ir.rrj I6t 6!'0d1,: llr t :09'0,tt, r *e

.: stoozoe lL' 09'09F. I: *O
I

.pJro.utl!1rJlaoui1)rr|llp.yrulGll!:],-r].{u.[Urulrrrl[Is.i)r,pr-'q6rrt7nj;0;q:usrucrriuu!icouud8nptIru:n0lqs)f,a0l' u'cqcr:prnpJlruxnralqlru.srooruli r!sollJs[un)..)riJ)lr{utnrtdutt.J'rxJlulcJolpd0JZ;s.r:or!i!rllSullsnrz.tpJl6r.lrrprl'(tir1lrl!.tu,lJ6ttqur1,(.rrlt)t:1tnrr:.lrr(i;r[r:r1.i.)rrlt.rlr

'ttt, gI/J.trJ B9I ry BI'B9I : t't 'lql L 0X:e

: !illnzJ.r '(p71) utfulc.t ptrrrrlrly

'8'l :OC,OZ : !l/ D'.ruulu\ t' Z :, z : Y

. rlr.rolur lJJ.np : y rn1nl.todu.r uJ.tuoll;r EzlrJIuJluJ rS '6f'0 : rc' tSrls1J66rr1.rt*ll!.rosJli
nur rs 'gg ulcqu) u;q1'(suclrc) 673 ltttoHutp
.r01iu.,!JrJror lln

ui).pril1c1.-ririJ.r.u1rP'c.rIulu1.otcq*rlclllltrJrJoql.rnutnlqns.;tf1uoedn..rt,lou1oat1l [email protected]',xprt.)t0In0uIlllu.l?PiJJusIJ!SPu'!f^D7'nqylulupdrru'1J ItllI

'.)ID.tqtlurd.toIt.tttlDr^oi tItIt tr'ol) ID rt)l)) aP dldlud.\:,1

gt'r I E(lrLllJ'ul tt'0 ssllv
08t I
lEq[rnq 6t'0 Iuu0FBrc
1,62, I
qlPpruJ RLr![ 9r'0 urlrErrud
rgs r
rrlr?rrqldorcl !lrrrl 9t'0 pzrrld

oy : op aJrl n uJurrirllv EJlllPFo'l
ilrilrlrrJr)rlcor EatLIl.l!l!v : cruJ.lcl rar.ralBLu B.illBN
IilIll'luruocl\c

srnlurr cp l$ (n) u.ru1p3o1 op alirun(,J)1)uol r0uylrd!SlonJro.lreoulriuorrglcot irlu rluluotu!rrdxr !.lolu1

gg t'pqoJ

6. Proiectarea {esXturilor neechilibrate

'!-c-<iitlrilc rrccchili[rate sc grlrp€azfl i1 unnirtoarele trci catcgorii :

contc-rtrrlerisi iart(u'crsitonreflcccrhisilitbinradterenlaulmiileai: la finelc, intre patatnctrii principali ni

tex,, t' tex6, dar DrN D6;

prin -relafgcisileiitn: ri nc,er.lrililn'ate rrurnai iu coer co plivcltc tlcsirtrilo, crttrclctizatl

D u * Dt , dar tex,, : 1sv, '
carnc-tcr'iztcasteirptlrriinnreeclacghiiillirbl ra: to atit lt finclc, cit gi in ccoil ('o privc;lc rlcsinrilr'"

tex,, t' tex6 $i D, * Dr .

6.1. Itroieetarea !esiturilor. neechilibrate numai irr eeea ee prive;ie fine{ea firelor

In cazul ac,estoL lesAturi, fine{elc celor rloui sistenrc de fir'e sint dilc-

r.ite, iar clesimile in urzeal:i gi itr birtdtrrri sint egtle. f)coarece t:ristii satisfii-
cuti condilia Drr= Db, teT,ulti cit desimea lesirtrrrii, Pentru fiecare clin cele
cloui sisteme clc fire, se va apl'opia tle valoarea nnci desimi nedii a tcsaturii,

adic1r Du-D6FD^. Dui, in cazul lesiturilor nc.er,hilibrate nurnai la f inefe.

se pune, tlin punct cle yedere practic, problerna calcularii unei tlesinti rneclii, a

rrirrrei valoarc va Ii apropiatir atit de dcsimca fesdturii in urzealii, cit 5i tlc
clcsimea lcsaturii in betdtrrra. Pentru calculul desimii rnetlii cristri relalia
(I24), cunoscutri cle la capitolul prec,edent. Nu sr: cunoaqte, insri vtloiuca
rr.rcflie a finelei firclor, car:e trcLruie calculati, cunoscinclu-se, insi, ciflic, f inc-
1ca, exprimatti in sisternul tex, a {irelor de urzeali qi dc bhtrituri'

Prin finele medie a firului in {csirturir trcbuic inlelcs (tininilu-se scallltt
de definilia tex-ului) raportul clintre suma greutf,lilor filclor dc urzeala;i cL:
batitulir inrnultila cu 1000, ctitre suma lungirnilor de fire dc urzeala qi Lrritri-
luri luatc in r:alcrrlul considerat" astfel :

- tlex,,
I ooo- (G" co) , (125)

Lt U LtI Lb

In Cal'C :

tex. cste finelca rnedic a firclor de urzeali gi de batlturii consitlerati irl
tesituri (linind sealnfl tle contracliile la fesere) ;

Gu grcutatea, in gratne, a urzclii dintr-un tnetru de lcsaturti ;
G6 grcutatea, in grarne, a hritriturii dinlr-utr mctru pltrat drl lcsir-

trrfu ;

I ... lungimea fir:ului clc urzeal:i, oxprilnata in metri, tlintr-trn tnrltru
pitrat de {esf,turl;

L,, Iungimea firului de britiiturir, cxprimati i11 rnetri, ditrtr-un tnetrn
pdtrat de !esdtur5.

422

t:(,v

't'8n : (ot X ro'o* r) + (sr X ro'o# t) 'xal
99 (0r x rOb + r) +6r (er x t00 + l) -
: (191) urlela.r nc arparu uairuly pzucpolu.r
,u,lsJq'lu[il'lur-6 8J.rBolD.\ '99 ulrqul ulP Is :0y .rtrlrqurrclJJoJ Dcruoln^ rce.rrp ul os gg
!]1 1) uriu13;r rc11du eg '%0I: Itg I o9rk91gl;t.lrrr:r[iJc["uJelllJ],)c,o.)rupa.rsln.rrllqnlelqqqlsrionril.crlo.urraJ!d.reJ'l4Prrxricscuut.orfrltuoascuroisr.unrpj
ri-
'(76 a3

'Il1r!n.l,s'zo.rrnnJnr.$rl6u,r1r6l'prurrrurruuu'durp.ranpip3co.1rr;orrrrrp.rlu(ardiJu'0rJxr'DgI

aiautI rt1
)lt,rqtltqraa'tt .to1ttrt711sai'rolltursap 'D().tDurru.tolap rLtlltal ltt.,lD op rryltulxtl

(ee t) oy:*e,d (qxal * "xal) 9'0 /t

: llntsoun) r:riu1e.r pursoloJ 'currsop ul IluJqllnlt;orr u.trrlltsrri rr,tluotl
,l poru lrJrrrlscll nururJelcp eluod ?s 'nperu lf iaurl ucJ€olua ;]s;npurosounJ

(aer) -(qxa+ -F "xa+) g'o -) ru^' -e'+ I
oxai-a,** -
|

Qg : n? I,r 1.toprsuoc : IoItsB ':t1nut rum 1"" qclJlylurls cr- ( 191) uriulc.t rS
ob-'urfturJolop lod tts nrr rIBg tsonnJ JS ilu rJollr:t tlsJJll

l)urJ Inzur tt1 'clcsai u1 llJnllilllq c1t r* pluez"rn 'Jp .ro[aJr] clrtiau.rluor cp uluuirs
c,q-r lrulrrri BJr:rJ 'Js Es npeut rriaurJ uJ.rBurtu.rolop E.) Irqupuu[roDcJ el sU

(r er) f *(ne to'o + l) ("s to'o t) rrxal
'*nl (t" I0'0 + l) f'xa1 ("a I0'0 + I) -

-u.rrirullcrt"lr)o'nqreu1* r;rr.; rlclurrs cs'xoil rr1 pluurr.rdx:r'rn1n.rr; tl lIpJtu : .r(rl llu
n6r ':rictrr; ul rBurntr oluJqr[rr[JJou ,ro1r.rn;qsci
I!ntrzi,uxrJt1u[!u lnrlut 0l)

'c.)a.moc0

(oer) *(os lo'o t)'o + ("s lo'o * t) "o u/xel
'x-1,r fO'O + f l lg + \.i *(nr I0'0 )"O -

:.rr,r5r.rij
' qT !S '7"
r nl).)rtt llictrrJ ueJuurruJo.lop nJlurd ln;)l1lr cp. urjtrle.r rllInzr.I n'C
'r'g ;tolr,tlcuIu.rutl o1u o,ruolt3zrrrtdsoJoc ulrr.r ttt 'puttt.rrtltrl
olr.Iolul '(gaf ) utf

j';r.ruso 'ulo' uL

tr1 ( rr.rnlgscj r:a.ru1snFu1) f.nuBllq rp lrltIJrI uri'.ru"t1uol a-lso Qg
i o,ro rr1 'o;rosoi uI liluozJn op rn[n,rrJ (ll.rt,r]ur) ttjcu,lltro'.r r'3

(oat) : 0.ltlJ tll

(srt) '(qe lo'o *)qo ot:qI

i ("t lo'o -,1- l)"e ol:"'I
(tzll *: ('i3 lo'o t) no lo'o: qt

(gat) : ("t lo'o l- i"o lo'o: "9

: J.ruolf'nr,ln llrriulc.r ur.rd olutur.rtlxrr r1 lod q7 !6 "I 'qC "'C JIrlttI.rt-:trt

Allir:inrl r,'ll1ia (12.1), rezultl :

D^ : l3ll'27 I

v 48,4

ln 1eyl.4z3su4l 5ciu1d.,u'i;rr: s-ar {i linrrt seama 1lq. p1111llni'liilc fir,'l,ir lir {t'set;e, ,11' fi vrTrrIlal

Du, : :6:1,09 = 263 {ire/10 cnr.

6.2. Proicctarea tesiturilor necchilibratc la ilesime

llclrliilc intrc pararnc1r'ii prirrr:ipali ai ( out(:xtrrrii. la itct'astii cutt'goric rlc
l.csii trrli, sint trrmiiloarcle

Do*Dn $i tex,,:lg'0.

Atrruci linrl rlcsinrilr: in urzeitlri;i in birtiitrrt'ir sc altat, in tttod srrbstitrttiul.
rlc lit r'ortslluttiu pirtlaticir. exislir, totrryi. posibilitatr'a. pirui la aruurtitr. lirrritr'.
lir rlirrrilruar'r'l tlcsirrrii rrnuia tlirrtlr: sistcrncle dc 1i.r'c sii Iie corngtcnsatii rlc t'r'r';-
tr.r'ct tlt'-*iurii celuilalt sistem tlc fite, astfel incit tspeltul ertt'rior irl lesir-
tru'ii. stluctura Fi prolrricLir!ile ci fizico-mcerarriee sri lie corcspnnzritolt','. lrt
a('r'st ('ilz" iutrc nriu'iurea rlc-.imii fcsiiturii in urzcalii si nrrtriltrr-'a rlesirrrii irr
biitiitntii cristii lclalii tleter:ruirrlte pcntlu Iiecitr'c galr,rgol'ir,'t[r: Icsiitrrr'i, rlel'i-
rril,'1lrin rclir!ia

I),, - k.l),t,
/i fiind lrr c()('{icicnt clc rallort. crr c\('cpt;t unor artir:ole cu anullritii rlestin.rlil
(rlc crt'rrrphr plrrlesie) irrrr se Lt'r:ont:rudii ('a del.ierclr tlc la corrslructia fiitrir-
tit:ir a !r:si-rtrrlilor. ir.r. cr:eir ('e pri\-('$te diIcrenIa intrc desinrilc celol rlorui sis-
tcrrre dc {ile" sir Jie mai ruare dc 400,,/6, deoarecc, da('ii accastii t'ifrri cste rlcpii-
sitii, nrirrirnct urrrria dilr sisternelr, dr-'lir.c nu utti ltoutc cornpcrrsr riiritrrr 1r's:i-
lrrrii, rlatotitir t llorii nmlt prea mici a rlesirnii r,cluilirlt sistcur. f aPI r'alc
dluneazii aspcctulrri gi calitr"rlii .tesilrrrii.

in eazrrl [esir Lr.rrilor net'clrilibratrr nuntni la dcsime, sc corr -"iderii. t'a eLr-
rrrente de calt:rrl cnnost:rrtc, finetea filelor (catr este aceeaSi atit l)cntrn urzerrlii.
t;it si pt:rtiru hriliilurii) qi tltsiruea urrrit tliltr'c t'clc rIouir sistcrttc rle Iir'e. r'ir-
rninind sii se veliIicc, prin r,alcul. tlncir tlczechilibrtrl intre desinri sc lrltseazi"r
in limitclc ndnrisibile.

I)coarecc finc!ca {irclol rlr: rrLzr,,alir.;i lriitirtrrrii ('s1e a(,r'eali. ctistir posilri-
litllea r'alcrrlirrii cu lrilrrin!ii a rlt'silrii nrr,rlii a fcsitturii neechililrratc lir rlr'-
siurc. r'rr relaIia (124) curroscutri

D^: Ko -Y.1te'x Ro (124'.\

ln itlclir;i tirrrp" rlcsirrrr,l nrcrlic a trrsirtrrrii nrai poatc fi cxlrrinrlLu in rrrorlrrl

rrrilrii l0r' : D"* D"

D^- 2' (123)

itr litfc :

D. tsls tlcsitnea crrnoscutir(sar-r lPrcciirt:i irt {unr:lic dc greutatca mcrlic pe
r:arc lrebuic sa o aillir articohrl cc sc proiccteaz:i). in l'ilc/l() cnr;

D, - rlcsitnc:r celtri tlc al tloilce sistcrn rlc firc, care nu sc t:trrrouitc fi
trcbuie sri se rlclcnnirre priu calcule, in f ire/[0 crn.

424

sat

1x-l:.rr'il):taig.r!X1[ult:.6.)3z.|.ulnanloJuuaElJrolpt[ltuyrugolt1sulJt'gopl,ueorurq]Orld[z.iattJ]rttdealopq.ulJd1s13aSllPsE.otst.]IsIJJlJ?uJSrJJpCuc1us:nOl1spl:ssl'.'rr.Jf['u!oIanqtj.frlifrcPrrltsscurPnoJt IuSodglll'lc7.'r!lluT8nJJyzdl.u'IInn/trnuI!u:lul]oluH
,rI rr.lnlqs.ri i)llttusJp J.rlu! uirtJ.L.]Jrp'gilut tuur Ir.rn J.rDolu.{ p}sttotu Ftlsp tace.runo'o7po'l6iruyorr.drq?tJfuupt
BlrrfirI ril !,]1u.tl]oJu! clsc nrJ 0I7J.rrJ 09t ?P !l.m:l!i]l?q ut l)JtulsaP FJ lrllrlsuoJ aluod o5

'ilr., {,1 .'.ilJ 0ll - lll u')1: -:l'l eql 03Ut X l.:"Q
I

,q,l!,.1ilt1i.s.r1,o'r.'1r1,.,rr,,rrt1,'rlup.rrr,1.rlr,rrr,i.l1.s1urr0.,f":rs,.l,t,i:lors'ri,1flluF*lt,JlrrcIl.BuB'r1.anl1rrO.zuilyru.dnr*grnr-tlzcueuoqc.nuurrcrrrrIyu,s;S(purrgc3n5rra..gairirqI1Jn-1dpu'llJql)o1uBcsplu(src.[rrltiquofunurs;nprulrrcqizo'udrrumlr.curspPodcoJc.sPrp-rJIJrl.d.uuirlrlrou1JluJicrlrptrrurulItsri.olrorrP.pcnr'JlpuIIllrlrq.rr.IJ.rulrllrJPl1ll{g.ll[ulnBri'sr.*ntrrltJ1tB1ululrql..stlrztou1dnu.otl?qcnqoPll1lst,culrquJoarsipIctrc'tolrJusl]!sl_raltrttlulolrtluJrBwoJ'llrnrisl..JcIaIrstc1gt'riqrS]l-Paao'r7pto;Ir!ZP:iirrrou!JtleusrJ!.rlcltru.ullnt!u!urlalBspr!elt.xrlrsErssrur.utPrls{codeudlcosJllu.itJFrlcd'uJLIsi

()ttt,snl, t,l o I t).t(lt lt tl.ra()tt
.tul\.t1tllsai llEDJ 1I!'12.tn1t21r2t1 ts plDdz.ttt 1t! -t()l'tut''aP ID l'l|JlDr aP alludl:'l

(ott) ts (oct) '"U_x-e*ly,|{qa+zt) '-qu xrl/(?+l) -"u

ls ,U

: lljurlilo cP tllIltttl.)lsls lr.)'lll,tlr)zJ.l llrl) IllllzJ.l

-oyzl:r.tillB1I([ tt1 'rOtlu 6ti IlrJz,lll Il! I r.tlul]soi llorulsJp ll.rltlJ(1 llli)[ll.r i)ll trrir:1.t.t "ttrt

+(eer) ',u o)t:'"o
(ze r) :(t * q) "e:"'o z

: ELIJOI uJ.lll()l
-flrr.rn tlr otutsJp ul oluJqtItlli)ectt roIrrltltisei .tolrtttrscP InIntlD.] ntluad rriunco
i)p ln*rJlsrs .f1uez.rn ep if"i rS r;rnfE19c1 op rlo"ttJ c.I:|urP 1l1n1.rode.r uoturJFttl
r^,rr1i.,, rrs 'oJrJ ep clorualsrs tt5
'ol'0Jlu,rlPo,tll.lil,lurrrnuJrJIIuIIoSluJ'pr rIsnocloo1l uA 'pu1a InzE)-ul
as 'orsep.red n'r1uct[
or^r.rrr1r3soj. ul;otoJd u,r cr qc,*d JEI'g'0 op tsIulxutu ueJuolul'a1nc1tla rrt 't:n{
,:rrr,..-1,),r1iu,or,nr,s"ol2,r1,,rr,i,,.,.,r,.nri1o,pps'If,'i*r.ai1'1wi"frlglcillcss-ur'aeqIctJouut1o1p:Po,.1t),lp-sIqolgl.1tc'c0opn]-'IctJ'uJ0oorlnotrlJusoloJcpcllllrclzl'rulnslurlooseuo'co1pl;7)l6c.urJnlJluplupuIsPooar51tjlrttlorlu4ptru'lr'ltxrcroeendtolucB.r;p^t8c'1ulcccul1tAtotltsoJyn1slullulluclliot')l

"o

(get) 'o:q

rlutsJp aJlutp rnlulrodur DoJOO[Err lictPut Cs'.).IlI Ol) clJttrt)lst:-

'tl) llntu., uJrutsc' ""rpr, "s,.li coi rtr'r,ro cllnul rtnr clal eP'rlcr1cu"rd rr1

' ro - xal /[ oy 6:ttg
,da(ser)

lttutsJ[) ltJ.rl]ol?rr i)u:lUrtc.l".IIouloctlllretslrll1.,Ps arllrlJttt.pro1d.)'1luurrre1pozreln'rr'crr'tJll')r':-rri'ug1c1'6'luQg clnosouncctl
oltt'tsotttlc{)tt

,jr,,,1, i,., ltjuricc ,;,iop ruclsrs trtr ettllrlsuoc (1'€t.) Is (,I'G 1) c1ttiult11
"1,

lir'ilirtrrtii. I)irr trrlr,h 5[ st iir ralolrcrr L-,.(1,6--0,7- liiind volhrr LrL':0o,.tI-r,:'s\lirrlluitr,irni rl)lrrrr-lsllcu prr(l('sie
(cu utt glrrl nrli rlrilrrr rLr rrr:cchilibrirrt la rl'simr'), s,r ia tal,trtr',r;t lr.irrtiilrr
( I li9) ;i (l,l()). rczrrltr-r

Du: ?x,$-! ,,,, rir().ir :yrjl0 r'ir,./r0 r.nr:

(l + 0,6)y 50

Do: 1i3t1 {irc/1 0 r'm.

6..']. Proirctarea !esiturilor neeehilibratE ali't la line{eo eit ;i la ilesinre

rlc lrrtlc lrarlntctr:ii plinr:i1)rli ti.lccstui fclnaateligzoartioi ,daorirttcAsrcitiui reisrtr(r:is\otiril)r'icrli(rtliciLro
tondif ic Dr* Dt li texrf ter6, cill'€.
irr-srtnllrc ir ('('lorlal,tt rlorrii lirzrrti It.ccetleute de rrecthilil)rilr.o partiaIi. Dirr
l('cst rnotiv, qi calcrrlcle sint lserniniitoar:e i -qe folosesc rclatiilc drrte la ca1'ri-
loleLr ltrct'crlrrrrtc (6.1 si 6.2), ('rr (leoscl)itc cti se tine scama atit tlc finr:!ca
rrre(lic, rlrtir dc rclatia (131). t it qi dc relaliile (I2+') ;i (I34,'). pcrtnr cal-
t'uhrl dr'-*imilor tcsiiturilor necchilibrate.
lir'laIiile {irralo tlc, calcul alc desirnilor tesritrrr:ilor ncec]rililn'ltc rlc firrr,Ic
si rlcsirrrr, sirrt rrrntiitoarele

]1ltc\r, : o'g!d!ro_t !11_0:91 .d 1!r,
(1 + 0,01. e,) * (l * 0,01 .ea)

slrr lclrrtit silrrlrlililltri tr-x,,: 0.5 (texo f ter6) i

D':P ' P" t

2'Dr,: *D,, (h l); D,,: 2' D^

h+l

u,rm _ ,h.0 I-- Rn.

- IGr.

)')xcnplul de ttcul u.l unoi lt'stiluri necdililmtte ht, liru'!o ;i de.'sirna. So r:onsitlttr-t o !,'sit.
ttlir rlrn lirr'. tip lirri-r pir'1r(rinltri, tlintr-rrnillrcstcc rlc irll0/6 iiblc ['1,] si rlir96 linii, asirrd, irr rrlz,'rrlii.
Iinclea 17 X 2 tcr lsi in l)itarturl, linc(rl 25 tcx, pcntru parrlcsie rlc {crnei. {oIosin(llr-sc ()
llrcgdrietsuirn'rfr,:.l)ilnrrlla 2/!. St'r-erle r:ir cstc \'oll)a tlc o !csitnrt'r nccr:hiljlirati ltit. lr linc|', c'it ri

Sc r:alculcazir finclca mr:die :

tcr- : [.i (ttx, .i texr): 0.5 (,3 t -j 2ir) -.. 29.5 t1r

Sr: r'irlcrrlenzar dcsirnca rletlic. lrrintlrr-sc datclc din trlrr'1ele Sjtr si ir(r :

-Dn :] ).) I I 1.37: 339.?6 1310 iirtilO r'nr

V2w

I)in trrlrcla irl, s,'ir un cuclicicnt I:0,9.
Se lrlt'rtlerzl-r rlcsinrr.r irr trrze ali Du :.1

D,,: 2X340 : iiirfl fir,'/l{) r.nr

t,9

Sc r:rtllrrlcazii rl,'sirrra 1n lriiillitr:rri D; i

Do: h' D,: 0,9 X 353 ==' 322 firry'l0 cm.

126

L(,V

(gvr) 001 :'1,W

(:s + ool) nxgl o,Q

(srr) 000 I

-qw(n3 + 001) nxel ne

(wr) ' ({'i3, + 000 I '. no :',W
or,olt)
"i*x.?tI ",Q

(err ) 000 I

-nw("3 + 001) "xol."e

: olrrlel

-i).r rlsosoloJ ats 'zqt lsace uI 'illurt11sa1i r6urel.rcn ltlJPllJ rt1 'e11U1tir1aJ,IncoT
ur-rom1Jtrro.l.rrrlnoul:q)les?oseBilSuruer Oununtnoror.rroiefDs.rruuJdqnrBr.rrIolucInozucBl!'ocrururrJpr:nlPslrJlplcnurzrrtuJsseearP.rrruI'nlJlelnBuoIrlruutucdtsullgJr'tou.ronll1llrt^uu?15ea-JpiBtcyrlosB.nrnul.Idtoltn1nulnn1sal
Jl uzuJ -urp Errr! '?osrotrnJ os f s Jasacert olsc 'c11cu.rcl oJJITJA :tp ]crtnrl rrlq

't^r.tlrlrnlrs u.rnlpsci r;l B.trtlljlEtl ep tS ?1uoz.tn oP JolcJrI ucjettll cxgl t$ "x9}
exel 16 "xa1
i r^r1r:p r:"rn19sei u1 q.rnlqrl?q op ri r;1uoz"rn aP .roIrJrJ tcjcttt;
q,e 16 n,e
: urc 0I/oJrI rrr 'q1up r:.rnl!?soj
ru,, J.nllrruLS r.rrlllsci rctln c[l] EJr4{}Bc[ u1 lS t31toz.In u! slltttISJl)

lrrrJ gl/crrl u1 '(ftup

l{lr"ilrl\.)llroJ o pu!rlt 'lll.]r^oLlnc IoJll.lt.l rrrl) ltro.rnc potu u! Ecr.tq€J qe "o

Js.|.ru? r.rn1lsoi loun i)lu li.lnlL?lliq rr1 rS qluazrn u[ cllttllsop:ltl!r-

: e"IuJ ltt

ftvt) ' nx?l I ne: n,o

7*-, ,t

(nr) "xgl ,{ nq:n,71

=r;

p1u11Uio'1.ur3ru;iutlulpU(p!1[runu.rl11qrsr;Sadire:;oilruercanlIgzrcpirungal.rcruur!n[rculIIsttttacIsIlSsuroour,l.oPotrrlitrIlgoondssln.orc9"ir1lodeBltrPtsurletBlsJ'.to]ruuPnrloqEludsJro'sxiE'9roJ].rlsnnun1cIo9u1pol9laretap1mlreurulll1dulsxotiet'1Ll'1mrellnugp1rtqz.tsJtcllri
'rrrnlgsei eIB orrur?tJlu-octzIJ Jiqterrdo;rd oleun 1itr1;r1s1rl
,Lr.lror.uJur rnu gurr.rd cIJoluLII oJluIP oJII qJSeoS:oIoI cs ES't.Inzll,r alJun u!'.Ius.r'r
-Jrr ol-qJ pulc'aur1 urjnd reur oJrI nBS eurr.rd ror.reluur u oLuor.raeTns rngcrlrrolr:.r
Iuirntuq.tn.pruuIrnc.r.tcrrol1ru;l u.uouorrrr!lir).r1'co.zrtrslaoepJrurol'qa1aeru;ilere1tsu1orJ.lssLoerIInpsozlurruSJcBruraoSselaoeopc,uuarurinuotrolIs1'gee'r"lsrnpro1l1txruoelt1oluieelooluuccrnll Ez;oleu1gcre 'l]lPrr]rPoru uojauri

o 'olttcJnc r.rnlt3soi

ollrJAcJJI luls
'o.telclurn op rjtrcr:rr.;

-.)o,i lirtrJ.)u'g.rrr1qfio1 tiBc.r.rtr ilu pur,l l.)Lrillli eJall11Ils lllrs r.tn]tlsJi prroq

arEIIruIS .rog.rnlpsai earelcaloJd'Z

irt r:llrtr :

M,, Ei M1, sirrt rtt:rsr.l,' lir'cLrr: rIr: ttrztrlii ;i dc lrrrtirIttt'ii itlt: tcsirttrr'ii ,'trtlott.
la dc srrprtf afir a iu
consirlerate unitatr:a Icsiitrrlii, g
-:

M'u 1l M| rnaselc Iilclol tlt'trrzealii si btitirturii ale tcsiitrrrii siutilrtrr'. r:otl-

-qir[crate la ruritatca drr s11111'11',1ii a !r'srttrrrii. irr g
1

tu $l tlr sr'rrttrrilr'{ilclor tle urzetlit la Ieser'e" in oio;
t6 9i tii, lngrrstrililc !tsirlulilor la !cscre, in !16.

l1 rrnolc (,:rzuli, -<c poate consirltrrit. lirlit a Iacc elori setntrilicittive, tii
Eu: EL gi t6:EL, deoarct-r, factolii inrpoltan{i r[e care dr'piutl corttrat'tiile
1'jrelol rlt, rrrzcala;i rle batriturir sirrt n1,eia5i atit la fesiitttfa ctalon, cit 1i ll
lesirlura siuiilarii: alnlurt, r'allortnl dintre IirrclcL'fit'elor tle urzcalii si rlc lrir'
lirlrtrir, l)fccrutr;i r'aportrrI rliltrc r[e-qinri (s-l prr:cizttt cir !e-sirtrrriLr sirrrilrrr'r'
IlL coel'iciclli rlt rrrnl,lr,r'. ('gtl i). i11 11r^r'st cAZ, -qr) 1'lot folosi ttt'lttiitort'r'll tr'"

lrr 1ii sirnplil'i('atc :

M'n: fi'l u f/81 ; I (147)
V tex,, (l48)
I
M'o: ,Vn 116]. .l I
j/ tex' I

I

llclatiilr.rlc rnli srrs. foIositc irr tarIr'rrl liroicctiiri i artit'olelor sintilitlr'. ltr
o rlr.ost'Lita iurportautii llt':l(,tic:i, in rttortrcntrtl rle I'afir. r[t'oater:e t:ltt -qitrt I'ot'
rrrslclc rlc lr:rzri pcntrrL ( r'{'rtl'(.rr unor' rtlLicolr', altlicinr-[ principiu.l lalor'i f icriri i.
irr1-rcriotr.c a nratcriei prine, irr -qcnsrrl elaborarii tlc articolc mai {ine, clt ttn
luslrc(.I irnbrrrriitiifit si irr alellsi timp. ('Lr ull corrsttilt rnai redus dc nraicrial.

I'ot r'.ri-.tir sitrralii in curc sri fie neccsar ca nlilsil !csttur:ii sri r'iilrtittii ttc-
sclrimlrat:i" in carlrtrl proir--('tltii articok'lor sirtrilarc. itr care caz, prin {olo'
-.irca {irelor: nrai fine 5i a dr'.sinrilor rnui rilari, -qe pot imburttit:i{i sLtbstanfial
proprietltilc J izico-rrrccanitr. 1i cstetitr- tle !t'siitulilor'. llcla{iilc tlc calctrl (r:arc
sint tot rclalii rl,'sinrilitrrdine) cc -"e {irloscsc i11 accslc rlzrui sint rtrtttiitnilrclr':

I (l4e)

I D'u: I), Ytgr' ;

i 1/ tex,,

j

Dt: Dt, l/ tex, (r50)

yGt

l)acii. plin condilii tclrrricc inrltusc de armtuitc necesittili sprtr:ialc. s(r ('('l'('
rii sc ll{'ntinri rlcsi.nrilo in urzellri 1i in lrii tii l-ulti sittt tl tllnai tlesittltilt tlrttti
sirrgrrr si,ct.'m tlr-'lirc (rlr: cxcnrplLr, in cazrrl unor articolc tchnile).'t-tt trr'lttti,

128

661'

'lllurllr \illJo ll.Illl ',u !{ ' ',u
-ls;ri rr1 og.nrlr^r1rr11 rq.IllrozJtr o1r ltil.ioiit:.t ttit) o.ttl.)[i lll,ltrrtltttt - su IS "'u

, | lrlll cl) I-rlll a,Q !{ ",o
-r1s.ri u1 ll.trlftLf([ op r$ plrraz.ln op 1n1.rorIr.I ltrl) o.ttI rtl In.rl^llrIntr qo !{ "e

! urrr g 17o.tr1 : CJI]C III

rrr'o1rt;r1n,nrtJ.rJ lr,rlrlns-oj clu liJlqlllI(1 u1 1.r fltloz.lrr rtl JIIIIrscp

: urr 0I/c.rrJ u1 'o/ogg1 IUrI urI) rr.rnlps.ri rlrultsop llrls

(rqr) _:(,t . ",p *',N ' :p)'N t61
('t"P+nN'nP\,:N

(esr)

: olrrirrp,r;rs^o.oloI cs o:lllJlutrqoo..rolr.nllEsci !l.r?lcoro.rd In.llr?c tr1 'q.rn1r31pr1 rr1 ri
III?oz,r1r uI nrursop uo.murur.rolap n.rlrrod'%OOf Trrll rrrp rrop?lr rr.rn19s;rj Inlc,\lr
u1 o.ralclnrn op rolriuarcrJaoc uoJeolu,t rturiueur ualnc[ as u n.rltrod'q.rrr1r31gq rrr
r* p1r:.lzrn rI!.Ioltltrs-op uJJB.llJrporu l,'lrq.)tJrr u.r !llrsoloJ r-r.rri1r1.3o1 nnop

'oir nlled v! T,lZ leuo8erp trn nldurexe op 'B.rnlp:,3c1 ells o rc '9zu1c[ u,rn19fi;i1
rsolo1 rpnr r?.{. cs nrr leeJc Iocrlru lnou BI'%00t grlll ap crr] rrtp lI.ill]BSJi ln Ic.]
cp lurclo.rrh: ruur llc '.rolgzundse,rorr fudurp rtn r$ ne3nl rtn u.rn8rsu cs 1r rl.Ilrli)(l
'oillloltlrs l$ rrarzolnlec-oDrrillrlJ oJqII oP colsctull ttn'JlulP c.rrl'1ocr1Jt 1so,cu
n.rlu:rrl'g:rsresoloJ os qs Jpso;)cu else orrrnstroc oJBuI Jl] locll.ru ulr purr,1 'lzuttl
1.rn1q.ffe1 rr1 rS r3rnlxlluor Flrulnrru o nc '(ro.uroJ rulu;rilrollrsoprucl rr.rguorilcJtro';r

r^rluurlsop) o/000I tit*.rf1derd 9u11 trrp l?.rnlrlsli o fJapisuo,) as 'nlcltuoxe eq

'rr.rnlgEa1 rnIr]uesap ru?cr]rporu n c.rutr.ln ue'g"rn1131pq rtg rt gluezln rI! olr.rillrP
ollt.trlsop ur.rc[ ss-npurqosoop 'o.relclmn op luortrJcor rielccrl nu 'dr1 ritloltu o1r
i).rJ urp c1rr1;roro.rc[ lrr!s c-Iet o1.rn1r;sei'oltrelurrqca r.rr-r]rsej Lr.rcPIsttoo aq

aluel"^lqra .ro11.rnlgsai €arBlaolord'B

(asr) !"o" n*41 : qx91

zQ

(rsr) -flo "xe]: '"9]
:n

,,o

: c1riulo.r csosolo; as oo1nc1e.t ui)uautosu 0.n?sorou lllls llu!')
'Jo[o.rr] r:cjoury oJlJrporrr es gs 'e1oct],ru eJlu! r{rrtPnlrltrttls uc.rcttr j Lteul n.rlttcd

9. Principii de proiectare a lesiturilor, cu respectarea condifiilor
de uzurd simultand a celor doud sisteme de fire

Prin llrtietsgcptocrtnn:tetacrra\c[la,ttrrcliiiol.i.rjtiarrlrrietiic:lriiacduc{lceurrlzltri'nrlorciristpiuelerrurgtlrtiautuncirilaeitncsrinpirrinoniailetricertaaorlc)sat Lrtaotpusrlicaitt{urtirtloiiilrofriirnls'rior-
irrlclege,

porllr)li

rlt,rrit cliili , rttl icit lrrocttrirrcrt tfcillcclelordttet:tbtentddtcuroendsri.rlfirieli[cegf iarlcel,ocradcinullrlzimeaeLigIriensutt.:
rn:ir (pe unit&tel dc suprafagi), cu ondulnrile fi-

lr:lor rlc lrrrtiiltrlrr ;rt'str: l'irclr. rl,: rrLz,'llir ( f ig. 5:ili).
Se cunoaqte c.lo atunr:i cind unul din sisternele

de fire considerat in structura lesiturii este cu
mult mai rcliefat decit celalalt, el va fi supus in
mai mare rnesurd la uzurd gio in cazul cind ambele
sistcme tle f ire sint fal-rricate clin aceeaQi matexie
prirnl, se va uza rnai repede. De asernenea, la o

inirllirnt: r'gali t flotiuilor ambelor sistemc, se va
uza mai rnult sistelnul r;u un nurnrir mai mic de

flotrri pe ruritatea de suprafafi.
Uzura urruia din cele doul sistcme tle fire din
tcsatutl scoate din funcliune obiectul respectiv gi
f aptul ca celilalt sistem a remas neuzat sau foafte

pulin uzat nu constituie vreun avantaj, ci, din
contra, aratA cii lesfltul'a nu a fost proiectati in
I ig. i.:i;i. t,tI l-r: firLrl rl,' trrzr:alirl mod judicios tlin punct de yealer€ al rezistenfei
in exploatare qi al eeonomicitatii.
r/ill-rrl {inrl b:itiiturii in ca-
rr'prczentirlii gl'afioo a Conform celor precizate anterior, gradul de
inirllimii de orrdulalc t fir,'lor
/ --- lrrtrtnr Iirtlr d,: rrlzc:rli ; rrzulil al rrrrr.ri sistettr rl,' {irt' rlirr {r'sritrrrir \-.tliilzii
l1 - purtru fircl,r tlc birtiturd. ; direct pr"oporlional cu in6lfimea de ondulare (inil-

tirrrca cle undd), care? la rindul ei, cste o funcfie a f.az'ei de structurd. Pentm

l sc putca verifica grailul de uzuri simultand (sau a se aprccia acest grad al
eelgr tlouir sisteme de fire dintr'-o fesitur[), este necrrsar a detennina vitlori
numerice suficient de exacte ale innllimilor de ondulare, inc6 din faza de

prniectare a fesfturii.
'fininrl sctllra tle rezr.rltalele ccrcelirrilor eu privite la dctcrnrin:lreir ritl)ortu'
lli illre irrillimilc ondulagiilor ulzelii ;i bdtiturii, se pot forrnula ututiitotrclr:
rcguli :
si.stcute tle {ilc, inil[irnr:rr rnai tttaLc a ontlrt-
laliilo- r la fiucle egali a r,r,,lor tlouir tlesitutta rnai rnarc. Creiterca tlcsirrrii rrrir-

o au file,le sistcnultri ct
lcSLc irriillirnca ondulaliilor qi irrvers ;
rlccit-rcalaadbeisitimiitirr9riii.fi(lleoofiilrLc]g('aelcI,iricnlr:ilftilrcneuarzot'nadtitulsaitfiritlorrttlui r1zrc'tltisi iovtatat{tir
utai rrrit:l

in tirtrptrl

proccsrrlui tle [cscre i cu o dosirttc utli rrtrrr,c (;i,
gc-ucllatl, rnajoritttr:ir !csiitrrrilor, si stettrul tle ljrc prcziutri iliillirui
irr rlc orrdrr-
ctr un cocfir:icnt tlc trurplcrc rnai marc)

lar,r utai rrrati ;i prctlonrirrii pc suplalaft lcsll'ulii ;
ruriti t-uieii[.ilclc mai rigidc onrtrrlcazir urli pulin;i tlau orrdrrla[ii cu o irtiilliurc

.130

t8t)

999'0 I'99'0 /99'0 LI-9'0 I,r'9'0 [s9'0 699'0 /N9'0 8t'9'0 999'0 099'0 Bi,9'0 9t
h99'0 299'0 9!9'0 9r'9'0 Is9'0 099'0 619'0 lte'O
il99'0 099'0 ut9'0 fl'9'0 t{'9'0 819'0 ttI:llr'999'''00q I h9'0 0h9'0 t83ttt 999'''r00r 0hlt9s''U0 II
099'0 8!9'0 I99'0 I t'9"0 6r'9'0 9{'9'0 0t9'0 /r-9'o
8F9'0 999'0 6r'9'0 6e9'0 7"t9'0 LI,g'0 r.r'9'0 6t9'0' 889'0 9i,9'0 Al9'0 6y9'0 it
9r'9'0 0h9'0
II'9'0 0{.
0t9'0 Btl

O|_. -O ; f, - =6= =D' ( 6 ==\..f='l-D=(i 3(t
N
o == =,';:' E r. O O o
AoJD =oN;^I+;^4 !,:='
6:! o-= 6 ; 6'o
N( a+='o--.oo' d,o .:,
NO
_oD
o
!D(

: ap c{J n.rluocl dry alelrluuori.rodo;d cp lnlualrpaor

*rurolrror 'r-r lnrqaun pur.urarop "J"i*f'l;#r;'i*ll,tJ lnrnlualrlJoor aru arirr€rd trore^

/g nlaqnJ

'oluo.r cIor op olrrtI
-o.rdtt lrrr.rr^rnt tJ .tor an ri Iro.roTr.utrrl.Sun trolut.lLlu lrli crj,rrrnl ur illtln)ltit ,lr.rt:1np
-tro i)l) olrrrrri;t-rrr1 ri prr r^r1p.rzu.r 1(Bg '([t?l ri- lg '([rll ',L) clrlulrtrr.rrrclxo o.;r11,rnld
lrjtlttto.r llrl) Jlllrllu.tclcp rrrrr.nlur 1rr1s 917 t$ ttry olrrltlrrrrori.rorlrurl ep rriuarlrlari';

(ogr) . qt!.06-rn

(os l) inry'96:rn I

(est) : q1l tL .9.0 - PPr zD
:"q)t. g'0-PBr rrr
(tst)

: o1 tt'itl1e,t os-cso[o] es'r.rnrrlFun Jols^Jcll Jolrnrr.rrill"r u liPrrlt.r uJ.illrrrur.rol,)l) llJlrr.r(l
'J.ll?of.lolulf clillltlllt rrlp qlnJSorrnc olso 6n'-rrlcorl.^e.r rl ID rlrlnn;3rrrr rorlrrJtll{

(gs r) -.(zn soc l)-;rl,o :nn

(sgr)

: alttirle.r ritlnzor ggg '8rJ urq

auIlJpInJuIuBrJr.rrtrl r'ln'cirlarncdrr!cltu?ol dopas'cs-,nqpunrzrlru$rr.ro,na I _ 'cr.Il?llnulrs rr.rnzn
nl ,rn,a)trcurrlcirspuueopc
,rlrrir;rrroo .o.rey
-rrro.rr[ ,]l).
,cltl

-ott'91,c'5rJ rr1 alurirrepr,tc eJulnr.rrc Jole{eolr;rs alrurrilqul esotrur) os llcu61

'urur rr! '(ripun cp rcurilgul)
t.rllr,)z.lll oP [1.trJ i)l ,.rrff Lr.lnlt]ltlq cP trllur] B e.rplnprro op uctlr1j4rr1 qn

i rtrru rr1 '(r3prrn 'cp r:cnrrjlpul) ,rn
sod r;luazrn ap rnln,rr] u e.rulnllrro ep uerurilqrrg
f.rulr-rtr-r([,)l) In.lrI c1 i qrn1p19q cp clerr; - a

: fIBazJn op alrJrI nlltr;rd urirlou elsl n
erec rIT '09 elcqel IS fi€g 'iiry rr1
't*qnJ*"oC t{ qp*np 'qefog c.tr;:,t rr1 'lereue8 Inzuc rirrprsrro;) oS

Tabela 57 (contiiluarc)

48 0.650 0,652 0,655 0'641 0;0:,;6:;#4i9i +0,65 0,6;5 0,615 0,649 0'659 0',666 0'658
(,.6i2 0,65 I 0,6J7 0,645 o,osz 0,646 0'651 0'661 0'668 0'660
I{,'f,.-, 0.f 50 0,6 16 0:#o 0,6ss o,ora 0'662
t,.o;c 0,sj9 0,6 17 0,647 9'q!9 9'91!
L,:658 o,osa 0'66'1
'5:.C;. 0,661 o,ooi o,o+s o,os+ 90,,6q6!7! 9!0'''q991li1?1 0'666
o,oas o,oso 0'668
;.;# ;.;il:,'l o,ois 0'678 0'670
;:# ;,#;:,,1 0'6E0
;'ffi:i 0'FE1 0'6;2
r,.C;r 0,66C 0'063 0'648 A(o 0 664 0.665 0O.;O#;oi o,oss o'oos u'':91 0'6; I
u,062 0.66i 0'619 o,oss 0'671 0'685 0'676
u.oo,- ;^:.",i; lj;i'i. Iu.66e 'u'.,0o;;zl 0'661 u'0;3 0'688 0'678
6n r,.OO: 0,66 I rr.6G7 0.650 9,675 0'680
cl trr.6O 0,606 0.069 0,651 0.663 0.b0s 0.67 uo',nsi1; o'OOf 90,'96199! 0'682
ril 0,668 0.6C5 0,670 0,617 0'68 I
0.666 o.07I 0.6i2 o.azs 0,66i q'q91 0'6u0
;:ft;fi6 o.o;: o'67e 0'688
ffi,Gu0.068 0,0io r1,673 0,653 o,;;+ o,o;; o,ooo 9'919 0'ne0
0,0;2 0'6s0
;U 0,0, il o.6i I 0.67i 0'6; t n A7r 'n;6;;7"6s 0.677 O.O;O O,OOS 0O,'O!lSlI q09'!?y19 0'6e2
n,6;2 0,6, 6 0.0;7 0'6Ji
[:lii;!0.6i 1 0,6;8 0,67e 0,6i6 oL.t, 6,6;7 o,ozo 0,685 q01'l901l 0'601
0;68 i o'6i7 0'687
;I 0,676 0'68e
6;iii r76 0,678 0,680 0,683 0,658 ^HA:3'1( ? n 680 00.6.#u1i U'OSS O,OZf
;8 o,oao 0,182 0,685 0,659 X:Etb 0'6ul
;.iairiO 0.682 0,68 t 0,687 0,660 ij.oes n.oil o.os; o.oss o,o;z
il:;i, t82 o,osl 0,686 0,689 0,661 o,os; o.ooo o'iel
81 0,686 0,c88 0,691 0,662 o,ouo o.oas o.Aor o'oz
;:;#sri o,oss 0,690 0,693 0'663 o,ons o,oo: 0'60;
o,ncn 0,6e o,oos 0,676 0,6e;
n,o,Lz
o,ogr o,oo-r o'o;s

0'680

0'c8l
;:#b lllBti 0,690 0,692 0,695 0,664
ts0 o,ogz 0,694 0,697 0,665 .oo,;oo.nbo'ooL.o1:o'ooA.")l,z;,;,,,g-;,.,r/,;;;.r:oec,r;o;roolo;so5trt-ossiJon:is;loooooono0o0i0U0:oo,r.,,,o.,,,o;7oo.o,,,.-,o.0;,/;z70;g;ouso;ss^osoo$oI0r/otzsoo;s-so'si6rooooo0oouooooaooo,,,...,oo,cno,,,,.,6,,,oo6oouoooooooooo;z7;zzzzz;0zoszs;z;rr4soortr0O00o00n0o0u0oq0,0',,.,.,,'666,0o,66F,,0G'7,'79z,788u1f7eeB7e0eo0f0I37s3oi0rqt8r0a50t;0000o0000000000q,'0,,,,'97,,7,,1;;77,'7''7l77007e'i0it-g91_l?212l'92213Jr3t91!:i.g79c3r7l{!090qI0r00u9o9g''''',171';;"''i'i';00;9'-l1l,1;221?l23)7i991l737l933lti00000000,o0'0o''00''t06''66'77'7;';'.;''0;e'''ee0;'0r70;7;07;o)orr.802'Iirlr6,:872ll!'rs0Ii
92 0,69-1 0,696 0,69S 0'666 X'X;i
X';:{l] 0,696 0,698 0,701 0,667 i:Edi
90 o,ogs 0,699 0,703 0'668
;:;# o'lli98 0,700 0,700 0,705 0,669 3:Ed6
;:;#IrO
X;;1
r(12
0.;n2 0g,,7/0r)2l 0,707 0'670 ;';#
0.;u{ ;';;;
0,;09 0,6;l
;:;il !'ilu101 0,706 0,706 0,711 0,672 0.71I
;:;;5106

108
0,708 0,708 0,713 0,673
0,710 0,710 0,674
0,7t5
[:ibi ;,;iiiro
l2 oittz 0,712 0,717 0,675
I r+ tzoi,z 0,714 0,719 0,676
o,Jts o,7to 0,6v7
i 0J21
;:tiilr6
;:;i;IrE
0,717 0,718 0,723 0,678
0,719 0,720 0,725 0'679
X:iii itt)i120 0,720 0,722 0,727 0'679
t2'2 0,722 0,724 0,729 0'680 i'r',, r,72t 0.711 o,n;z 0,712 0s'';;353 0'737 0''21
;:ii8 o.to124 0,723 0,726 0,731 0,68i 0 72s oi.;tz 0,6;7
126 0,725 0,728 0,733 0'681 ;"'0;i:;,;;0 ;:;30 0.6;s o,;r4 0,737 o'i3o o';!3
o.;ii1280,7270,730 0,735 0;682 0.; 13 o,oze
0,729 0,732 0'682 ^"n7r"ti, 0nnn..;.7;ii;3airs2 50,7 I 0,715 n'lq9 I0,7 I 0'72t
130 0,731 A,n7 0,683 ;';;; o.zto O,O;S I0'7 I o';23
+0,73 0,683 0:,i;\ 0';ro 0I''7I4li3
t32 0,7:13 0,73S 0,684 0.71T 0,6;9 0.7 l7 0.713 0';2;
0,736 n.o;o t3 0,717
f :140,7115 0,738 0,7 41 o,zts 0'7tB 0.7 t7 0.740 0'721r
130 0,680 0,71e 0;T
0,743 0'75t 0'72{r
o,720
tt'73t1

l3B 0,736 0,740 0,745 0'684 ol,|is 0,74a o,zrs o,oso 0,72t 0,74e 0'753 0'731

432

88F rolr;nlpsrt €aJetroro:d r( e;n1cn.r1g - $f,

?lL'} vzl'j LtL'\ 60/'0 9/9'0 g0I0 9t1',0 869'0 yL9'0 g0l,'0 60/'0 869'0 7,7,t
9t/0 L0L'0 vtT',\ ,0/0 ttt0 969'0 g/9'0 v0L'0 L0t0 969'0 0zl
?rll'} . ?,Z,L'o elt\ 90/'0 8/9'0 z0t0 fi[\ ?69'0 ZL9'0 z0t0 90/0 169'0 BI I
tv'j 80/'0 zls'\ 001,'0 60/'0 001,'0 00/'0 869'0 9r I
llL'0 0?,1'a 60/'0 t0L'0 I/9'0 669'0 /0t0 669'0 l/s'\
669'0 t0[0 169'0 il I
601'0 BU,'0 l0L'0 069'0 0/9'0 869'0 90/'0 069'0 0/9'0
90/0 /6S'0 699'0 969'0 t0t0 869'0 669'0 689'0 r,It
L0L'0 9l/'0 689'0 699'0 L6g'0 869'0 889'0 0t I
801,'0 969'0 899'0 969'0 r\L'A /89'0 899'0 969'0 969'0 989'0 B0l
901'0 vtL'0 989'0 /99'0 969'0 t69'0 989'0 901
l0t0 €69'0 1,99'0 t69'0 669'0 t69'0 269'0 tB9'0 r0r
!0L'0 zlL'0 ?89'0 999'0 169'0 C69'0 689'0 60r
80/'0 0t/'0 669'0 169'0 999'0 169'0 /69'0
I0/'0 80/'0 e8e'0 999'0 689'0 889'0 189'0 001
869'0 689'0 999'0 689'0 969'0 /89'0 989'0 089'0 86
669'0 90/'0 189'0 199'0
969'0 /89'0 199'0 /89'0 €69'0 989'0 t'89'0 6/9'0 96
86S'0 ?69'0 989'0 t99'0 989'0 I69'0 61,9'0 tg9'0 t89'0 289'0 LL9'0 16
aB9'0 089'0 9/9'0 7,6
/69'0 '?0,0t10'0 269'0 €89'0 299'0 €89'0 689'0 8/9'0 299'0
069'0 I89'0 199'0 I89'0 LB9'0 9/9'0 I99'0 089'0 B/9'0 €,19'0 06
969'0 001,'0 889'0 6/9'0 099'0 6/9'0 989'0 6/9'0 9/9'0 219',0 88
989'0 LLg'\ 699'0 /.19'0 tB9'0 919'0 099'0 /19'0 V/S'A 01,9'0 9B
€69'0 869'0 9/9'0 Z/9'0 699'0 lB
tB9'0 919'0 899'0 9/9'0 IB9'0 8/9'0 699'0
169'0 969'0 289'0 8/9'0 /99'0 8r,9'0 6/9'0 819'0 0/9'0 /99'0 Z8
089'0 tL9'0 999'0 t/9'0 LLT'Q z/s'\ 899'0 GL9'0 899'0 999'0 0B
689'0 169'0 8/9'0 699'0 999'0 699'0 919',0 0/9'0 999'0 n99'0 8L
9/9'0 1,99'0 t99'0 /99'0 U,9'0 lL9'0 /99'0 899'0 199'0 t99'0 9L
/89'0 669'0 0/9'0 999'0 999'0 7,99'0 7,99'0 il
vL9'0 999'0 899'0 999'0 I/9'0
989'0 069'0 699'6 999'0 I'99'0 099'0 199'0 Z/.
889'0 889'0 zL9'0 €99'0 699'0 €99'0 699'0
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6/9'0 t89'0 699'0 699'0 099'0 699'0 999'0 999'0 899'0 €99'0 99S'0 /99'0 89
899'0 299'0
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899'0 Br9'0
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/99'0 299'0 919'0 Ir9'0

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Lts'\ 299'0

5'd :o*a9'd= ge5t-=do =P. sd=j, -F;,3 d-3*;56: , LF^!Fo=( 'dRJ- ii6, 6=r , o-
gQ=9_ E
;'AoF+iI*.SJi-g+Eva. j,APrt3B'nq=-, s=, 3 ; E.6i.;'
I
S
oo- iDoit oH,. N-1 Er .a, :i-. dt iX ,3
@r Fq

F.o+@H'<ioirl-Fr.PH.;+B@r'+' 0l( O ^l o+ A

- cp inlllatJlptn

zn lntq8rtn ?ulurJolop n4.n.9'0 I-nrozlnn[:Eronrriuala{r urotruo:) cle a]llru.rd rroler\
os elnrgr
Jnlnluolrlloor

g9 DpqpJ

'l'tfucltr 5B (coniirruarc)

Codicir-'rrtLrl clc proprrlliorlslit4!9 to, pcrrtru {irc clc :

o--
a+, it o
)S oO .s o o.=
(! q
l..te1ll tsrc oc :- i=a ) )ooS O
)n ca t
,t = tr 1o3o E ta
o* =
U
-':'q -: 6aq a
E,C )s O roeY L-.;';d h.,'- L
rg dd

tr oo o:5 (] o

It2 (J,G99 0000,,,777,7itt7531I 0,708 0,675 0,699 t70,7 0,708 0,670 0,7It 0,719 0,726 0,7 t6
l2{i 0,70 t 0,709 0,676 0,701 0,719 0,7t0 0,728 0,718
128 0,703 0,710 0,777 0,703 0,721 0,712 0,677 0,7t3 0,721 0,730 0,720
l:10 (),70 t 0,712 0,678 0,705 0,7J:l 0,7 t4 0,732 0,722
1:i2 0,70tr 0,7t9 0,714 0,679 0,707 0,725 0,716 t70,678 0,715 0,723 0,734 0,723
t13 (),708 0,721 0,716 0,680 0,709 t(0),,772)97 0,736 0,725
l3(i 0,701) 0,723 0,718 0,(;81 0,7n 0,718 0,679 0,7 0,725 0,738 0,727
138 0,71t 0,72t) (),680 0,719 0,727
I l{} 0,71:) 0,681 0,721 0,729 420,740 0,729
t42 0,71't 0,725 0,720 0,681 0,713 0,71J 0,72t 0,682 0,723 0,731
Il,{ 11,715 0,727 (),722 0,682 0.715 0,68:1 0,725 0,733 0,7 0,731
116 0,717 0,73:J 0,723 r),68+ 0,727 0,735
13I r),71!) t\,729 0,723 0,682 0,7t7 0.685 ri,729 0,737 0,74,\ 0,733
150 0,720 0,73t 0,72i 0,683 Lr,7l9 0,7:lir 0,72it 0,686 0,731 0,739 0,746 0,735
0,7:J7 0,727 0,rr87 0,73:l (.t,7 ll 0,748 0,737
0,733 0,727 0,683 0.721 0,688 0,735 (),7.13 0,750 0,739
0,7:11) r),729 0,ri89 0,737 0,745 0,752 0,740

0,735 0,729 0,681 0,723 0,7.11 0,731
0,737 0,731 0,684 0,725 0,7,t.J 0,732

,\l rloilcir llcIot rlc aprt'r'iclc u grirrl rrlui t[r'rrzurir a {icciirLriu r.l irr tclc
tlou;r sisIr'rtrt rlr' lilc rl irr tcsr'rtrrrii cstc rrrurtiirul rlc Ilotilri |c rrrrilatla rlr: -.rr-
pll lit{ii.

Pr:rttru o 1r'sirtttt'ti r-tr lr;girttrlt pirrzir. nrrulalrul rlr'Ilokili at.i l. irr ur'zcllit^
tit 1i irr lrllirtrrlii. lrr: rrrritutca (l('strprirfltit. cstr: ogirI cLr scrtisun]l 1u'orlusrrlrri
intr'r'tlcsirttca in ttlzcitlii 1i dcsirrrt't lrr l-xitiitrrlri.'l'i rrirrrl si'tlllil tri colfilicrrlii rlc
Irgiitrrlii Ca,,;i Ca6 (tab. (r0) t'alirltcrir,t'nzir rirrnriiLul tle Ilotlli irr lorrrlrartlic
r:u !t'siitlrrir t'u llgi'rttrlir Pirrza, st lroI rlcrlucc r:clirti.i g('rrcritlo rlr: r'irl,'rrl ll rrrr-
nriirrrlrri rlt Ilotiu'i l)(' unitirlrrrr tlc supralafa l !(!sittul'ii '

N,,:L2D' cu,, ;i N o: U-Dt. Ca6 , (101) ;i (162)

lV,, r'stc rrlrnlrtrl tlc llotrirl ulc Iilrrltri tlc trrzt'alit 1t'stc lilr'ir: rle lrirtritrtlli,
pe rrrritatea dt: srrpraIa(l a Ir'sirttrlii ;
rurutiit'ul tlc f lotiili alr: I'irr.rlrri rlo biit;il"rrrri pcstt Iirr'lr, ,11' 111'7r'itlrr,
Nb- 1rc srrlrrtl itta !r:sirttrrii I

Ca,, ;i Catr- coclicicutii tkr lcgatrrrii, it t:iirot vulolrc crPlLilrrcrrtirl;r ,':tc
tlirtii irr tlbr:lrt 60.

lj1r'1111tlt, rll ctrlt'rtl t rr, rcslurt lurrtr t'r.trtrliliilrtr l,' u:uri sirrtttllrtttti u rt,lor rltnti
.trs/,,rrr,,tlo J'in,

I)utnplul J.'lis;itrrla rlin {ir,: rle Lrrtttlltc ,,Crtltttirtit", ptntnr r'oclii, lrlrrzr: .i Irtstr', rrrt.
sirnb,,l ll:il)l (lin (iatuL,grrl X,llLI/.196: lrc rrrutilot'ii lr2iu.riltttrlitrrri''Jir0i rr',:r'rtr;l,rlDrnoii:: tex,,:texr:59'
tlirr t;rlrel;r Jl) s,' il tlu: 6o -. 0,iji7 urrrr ; D,, : JJ0 Iirciltl t,rn;

.134

98t

..iur[runi[ ep .).rr] rrrp crurlol lo;)rl.tu rnr Iaolsqc[IJ',s,a1ltnxr{.[rnt;l1n1(.[ruo.prolr..)r.rt(JlrJuurpI.tlrs]JnnPl!rslt.)Xn.rl'rgt,rtTl nn4.drtu1tat;sqliz, rr.!.1." '
: filnrrru.)f) 'T,96Unl111- Sopt:tu3 LT0
IB

!.tnzn u[ lJJrUJp liorrr ur esndxa :]rrJs e.rrJ op olcrrr.rtsrs rlir'(pE.r6nlJznn,ul 1!.1p([snodl]x.Jrorliur.rlur] ctsc urnlqlqq)
D ltJocu lriap
erlnr mur olotr'11 nc olsc plt?rzrn eP .rolo.rrJ a o.il:Illprro J| uatuJillu! 9c 'qsu! '.rpr,\ rs

'p1u 1o;rrIsr.r

clsil !rnrllnnrrs n.rnzn uJ urirPuoc 'r.rg1o1; cp InlnJqunlr Iu c.rcpi)^ cp lormtI ilrl) rrcc([

'atuc/uBlolJ ZT'glt : l'lt X V'07,X I X 9'0 : DJ . (O, "O) g'i : aN : "N

'u.rdns_ep EJlullun ld'p1caz.rn u! r.r!]olI ep lngJ.rnpluqllEnuq'puzIugrtflfoq.yrn;1gcBpa1luul.?:rrnqr.rrunlnns:rolfuoBapuolrsr.l) 'qlBI

: Iuur 9i9l i'0 : 869'0 x 90''0 X g'0 : ao

: u]Ir /i660'0: 06?'0 X 90t'0 X 9'0: "n

! LLV'O: an soc : ,89 .lg : f8g'0 X 06 : zn
:: 909'0 rr soo : ,18 .69: 9299'0 x 06 : t,

-I (tn soc l) (n + "P) 9'O : on
I (tD sor - l) I(oP "il 9'O :"n
:: ?89'0 aq : 9699'0: n2l i ,/,gB : q4 : obLgl :'U

: Fllnzoll

.I:aDC:*DJ

: !.rzur[ u.rn1p5r1 1 ru:r 6l/crlI l/02 : ae lLltc 0Iic.rIJ II1z : 'O i urtu ,Lf,'g cp Inr]arr
-l:rl) il.r lj.r([rJolJJ op Jr] 'e.nr1p1pq : tuur ItI'0 aaPsuIlrn.rruli]ndll1,'IlPrrlr)ruyr,u\crp!.lzqoltnsrlAqsclPi .l]luaululII .rrJ 'DIllJz
-.nr : rr.m)xalrroc
rp LrlJruu.rud Jl.rolEru.rlr oru g '6 Tnyduorg

'7ruc/pgl0Ji 00'lll : 949'0 x 0'9I x /'86 x g'0 : oc'(o'"o) 9'0 : eN :'N
j :.oJoluoep 'p1e1catlsa.r alsa e.trI cp cualsrs
pnop JolJc u guDllnrxrs E.rnzn op rnlnrdrcrur.rd ua.rulccdsc,r cp Eln.rat orflpuoc enop u rS 'rcc61
.'''-u1!7ru?oi:a7llIlBurc36;uJ.uuuul.Inr.pdrluoudnonl'r!surrsFJ'ruruce.q?rrppFlpllun'lurDou;u.Jl.rJrrrtsrnlue;e1rltEppprruFuJenInpnn1zt.sanlcFBBdduaJcrpgnJ''Ip.uJVerngrll1z1Jr9uonop11)uplgn;oaqctacrllBlepluotpclusnIrun.r'Er.rD!roPd.la'orug.cn.rrZrulnlldJ9opue^'l0euulqBJlru-clIt-plaorFs{ppt.qrotuc1!cJ!Cool0Eal.J/r.I0Brc"r9cJJns'p€opr(or[eIuonrcl1u.J.I1r|Eotl.Bcfrrrou':rootdnnlcpulllx,lurpaplnusulfucou!oqacl.Ft:errnelpcBern;cuccr.oprzpBoPllonJtornnszpErccp.elET[lr1nfIu3rze'paoaerlr,zu.prcrr.rr'.rr!;nrn.adt]uorcnrcepsucl
-ql!i([ .)l) tnpr.rrJ u nr 1.todu.r u!.flBezrn ep rnlll.rl] u orDlr.rpuo cp Irrulilpu! uliu.ru(ftlrorr ur([

'urru til '0 : QLV'\ - l) ILG'O - (tr :soc - I) (np * "p) 9'0: on
: LLV'\: xn sor i ,eg"
Ig : .06 X 089'0 an

:0lnclu3 cla.r8ol!ru.rn gllnzs.r F.rnlPleq oP clJJr.[ n.rlur,I
s'o
* *:Ti;lli'1;i:"*'',:;,:",? :'n' "' o,
: : elnCIBc olo.IBolEt[.In EllnzJJ PlDJz.Ill f'P clr.IrJ lr.lluad

4ry o1s'.rsp8 as B! Blcqpl urp :u1 'y99'g "ry. alicsq8 is lg rl.)r[D] ur([
- :'089,0

!

+ LLz'o
- -^:('.''A(':-' x t) -a1t''
QL?,'ox6 o9r

: zlkxr ee,s6 - <uto x A M :"q

lrrn(rf .lrrlJJ l).).nrolDr iilr.ru.ro:lJP os qs il.rec cs s:zggz'BoJ-IntlqEnoJJq 'Flnrlllrlrils p.il1zn el) cll.torrr0[.]
"nJ lzrc luLro8ulp P.lnl[aqr]l

tlin(l unniitolii p:rrarnrtri ai eortcrtrrlii: lilirnea finitar B0 cm; tcx?, : 2X 10 I trx6 : f ;
,lljO firc/l () crn i Du :36i> filc/I.0 cut ; lcgirlulir pinztr. l.)in trb. 19, sc ir
Db ,.= tlirte t. trlitrirrtca
rlirrnctlrrlrri fircLrr: dr: urztxl:a du: 0,175 rnll; ditrrotrtrl liltrlu,i tlc Iitliitrrt'ir trt'brtic cllrrrrlat.
llin taL. .l lj se ia ,l:0,03811 ; aplicinrlu-se rtlalia, rezrrlti:

: : :du AVt"* 0,040 X 2,68 0,106 mnr.

Sc t'rJr,trlrazir roclicicnlii clc utnplcre :

hu:365 (0,I75 + 1,000 X 0,106): 102,665%;
+ :ttu :439 (0,106 1,000 X 0,175) 120,830% ;

tlin lalr.57;i talr.Slj sc iau r.alorilc corcspurzitollo pcntru hu li h,,:

h":0,721 ; Ar:0'683.

Sc cirL,rrl'uzir lar;torii rlc uzurl simultanir:

Uu:0,5 (d" * d) (l - cos at) ;
Ut : 0,5 (d" I dr) (l -cos a) ;
ar :90' . ft, : 90" X 0,721 : 64" 53' ;
0r :90' .hu:90' X 0683:61'28' ;
cos ul : 0,425 ; cos az- 0,477.

litrzultai:

U":0,140 x 0,57J:0,0805 rnm;
U u :0,140 X 0,523 : 0,0732 mm.

l'r'irrrrrl Iuctor, plir.iltl rrzura s'inrultani. r:stc satisfircltor: ;i, in cazul accstui articol tclrnic,

rl1,a.,;1qsrl1uut1crll1ru,:,iltrprtcoclLcrotrLfii:tlimtolsapirrporsa'l.tcriltAnactiliLdrtialiloatioinlrt{i-tacvaclrftldafeaetrplro'n,trrlrionlpurcirpiccrr1iiann1rtpirlnroluntczdiuulcztrrlLca,ral ssuaiauntrrittsu:iifclatoalctn:lcusttrilerutarcirsrrci,t'cosp:tnccdnmitliriurloi llr'rntrtjithc:rnrl:,oiciloagsruicyucrcirartrllb,crri'i;rr':rlio'tr--i
Nu : Nu:0,5X D,,X Dt X Ca:0,5 X 36,3 X 43 X 1,000 - 7BB tl,,rii iir,ur2.

'!'esiitrrll lstr proicctitlir in tttorl lrtfionrtl.

10. Calculul contracfiei firelor de urzeali la fesere

Itcrrtru J.orrrtarctr urrui clcorcnt rle trrsi'rtrtril, ()st(r ncvoic rlu u lrrrtgittt,'rlt
rrrzcalii cgalai (iu hrngirrrca clonlru.trrlrri rlc !csiitrrrii. ll carc sc il(liurgir o ('ilinl()
egalii llr. s('rrrtllca lrrzr)lii la tcsero, Arr.

L,,: Ltr, * l, ; (163)

t,tlrr: , (l 64)

Du (l6s)

tt, --. I -tI' Aui (l 66)

Do

:1,, Ltr, {t +;b.l ,

.136

Lw

(szr) "p.oo)*ap xDu qn

aou qtl u

tuLr) ,' "p .oDC *.op _ u(,/,
-
aq

: [c]lsu '(g7) uriuloJ urp Eurttuc]op os Lr.rrrl!t]li([ rrr urrtrsr(l

,rw so

(ezr) . de _ IIy

-1

: ilnlxaluoJ rcJEsJrJ OJrlSrJe,lCDJet r,roluA iltl o.lu..)

'sns .rrrln lirzrccrrl rulenru.rud ep elicrrnl q Iro lninl{3un urjce.roe ecuJ os urn.rt?t
-';s'(in5r0t..rtlr1llcc);rol'nJ"5'fs,utttiIOl.nr'onlycr]lun'1xF1olcFrulrlutulzEcouueJoqJ.rr)cid.u.rplo1ulcrcrIrluoo!rrI;"Jornrldllrrgltrte.stzrlplelutlruicaIn!dBnlouol;nrorlur1irJllcursnr'roe(rz1grpduloSg'c9oauSccapnl'egoSeuolclcpn1nlJulz'pt)onrradol.l$tEoraJtlrpul?Lruonc€StlIrrdgnnu:eco'BtsF.FslJulIs'ulJ(nl!Il6lssluorqrrlnp.itI8)qq0)JuEn't6llstnzue:p(torBc6IiarJue1ualBulr1IoproxoJ)rB.qltrItAuIdursu{1Jroi:u(oglroont.IggIrDlll

kttl ' (t - PDr tD) ool : "3

fitr) ' (op 1-'p) - ap *"p o"" n '001 :113

(oz r) (op **p)
(ogr)
(set) : (qp * op) (qp *'p) ' g'o - xDu "Y

-
: (qP *"P) pDr rn. 9'g - "7

: ss)+ oJ':"7

(zgt) : ,tp * rp:"t17

*'p'(t;lg '5tt) 'tp : o1lit1c.r lillrtzcg

l)u!;r '1r,r.rltrc.t Iorzri)?.rJu l?r cs- 'r?c,uoruatsu oO 'Iol)ult ll l:tutxllrtl
ourrjlr;ug '(0t '5rJ 'y1 uzul)
0L:(l!l'ul-,.Sc.,-nz'.l"qnrr.lIIr'cirlpogBpllpno.+.qlturJu0r,-.rrppoJunInariprr'prlyJtu1go-ruzs"u'nll{dd1) tluJzrrr J.luJ ut

l^r.rrrlcn.rls c, ln) Vfllurrrullrulllp'JuzluIuuJrJpururnttunJ'c1lncdporlr.l1lur;lr1J'r].ro1r

-rsuoc cs

'% ot

Lrlutur.rdxu 'o.resoi uI ttlc'zJn BeJBlJncs - 71J

I ururla.rr J 'rt.rnlt^tsai u
o.ruutroJ rp rcuoz uc"rrSrsclap gtlnp 'op
-nnnJrnn.r.;rtrl4ci!d.uisr'euJ.rricrustegi'r.^rurnJ.n1rrp1r1tl3epszqeJi unaIpuuoluoJoutruurscuelJnp r-s so
"V
i urur ug o(lueurola Inun BcJunI.roJ Ednlt g1u.rnip1u1
!].il rl ljb-ri o [] ucurriunl tclpu) op Inllrlueua;la uraurr8ttnl
f"rnlrlsoi i umt rrg 'p.rn1 r;sai - "''T

ol) luJruolo nrrrrl lt,).nnrJo1 n,rluctl qJuscocu ulllcz.rn ep ueurr3rrnl olsir "l

: 0.llli) ltl

Rezult;i: (176)
(177)
t _ IDu kl,, Cnt, . d,,)

llt -n"

rlrr 1)6 @6{ Ca6 .du): hb gi atunci :

t,- !,

ttll
- llr -,,"

lari\t, i:!/l [\il
-,-1 I
i-*,

.-lmu

liig. 531. \ralialia rrnghirritri o,1 itr fttttt'- lr';g 5136. \rarirfia unglriului u1 in {trtrc-
lir rl,: cl,'sirncn {csirturii in hliti-ttrrli'i. .J/1/i)nir'b.n--r-rlm,.-Iclir(ltru(nztrrrlrlrsd,[tlcixe,ilb-l.tr:t-trtrtl,fv,tla-utnrriiia{(ljlvr}ricrtllrzt;lliilr.;tliclirzrtarartrlnrlliczriclcaItl'rltri5irtTtl:
lfriiil-irtufriir.uilndet:auzrtz,1cacloi n;sidBet -itt liltrl d,,
Fi tabela 58).
pilIaln&

tlrrl l/o ('\tc {rollsttnt iar: palrrnt:l.rtrl J)1
--t:ste raliabil (vezi taLela 5? si ta-
bela 58).

trrri CoeIit.ir,ll-rrl {e ultonatptloer(elcmtcrarx}liinuliri.nl)bcitraatlrcrrti,ixhphtri^ttotrr*t,ttainlii,caddirlertcl tilrlaroilirczollrtoteirxl-l
gonsiflcratc.
s{)

rl9 !csut, prirr reslarca lna$inii in a;a mocl. irrcit sir se oll[irrir o dcsillrc irr Irirl-ir-
in cadrul contexturii rcspecti're. in tllrcla 57 se itrrlic,a
Irrrir uraxilri posibilA,
valori practice, experimentale, penttu coeficientul ft,,, ptrttLtr diferite corrtcx-

l.r.rri $i catcgorii de fire.

fir:r--1Sorr:.1dr,ct1ru.,l,ziltltla,zlnclgiii,lainlepsrr.irrrn. rirel priinrrd,l.,.tslci rlc proplictrilile I'izilo-tnccit tti,','rtl,'
irrsrrqililc clasl.ir:rt itlo acestolil irr
I'rrnctic tlc m:rteria pr.irni s.rrr alnestecurilc tle fibre din cartr a {osl lilat Iirul
resflectiv (r'. tab.59). in collcoralanla cu cforturilc n'eccsarc perltr'Lt fQrntart,a
lrisitrrrii . Astfel. relatia finalri pentru calculul scurtirrii urzt:Iii la lescr'c (.tlifc'

I'cn!ft irltre lunginrea utzelii 1i lunginea lesirturii crttrle, cxprinrlrtir irt % )
rit I'i:

ez: 1oo . c". ce,, ;': (t ,sT h,,-- t), (l 78)
I
I

til c,lrc :

C, (:-qlo rnr co'e{icicrrt lt clitrLi vitloitrc rlt'lrinrlrr rlc propr:ictii Ii lrr rlustirrrr tlc
lilclor (trlrcl:r .i9) :

Cau -- ,:olfili,'ttl rt citlui vllortt'e csl('() furi"ti,' de ar:nrrrrir ( talrllrr 60).

,138

6tv

:ulaOillcIzr.ulnc :"o2 '('3) ol, u!
:oSo' pl, ::q"DpD 0€ : 2 pzuld u.rrrlgicl
plutur.rdxJ'a,lrscl ugJ1r7Bolrrlrr;JsStc'6ur:urrtualOJPtuJsurPs J.rJJ :
: rur Ol/crrJ 0rT, ZIZ,0 axal - "xal

ru r.rtourir,rud l.rolpurrl cn'(79611n1trq 1n3o1ure3 utp 61tJrr rqo.rqntuPrsselingloc'r7l.rlen)ld'u;[oTrni."i:;i

q.rucs crl lueJnc poru ur pzucrcnle.rd os e.ruc 'cuqurnq d1t c.rr; u1p

alasai Dl u,laz-Ln n.LpJ.u7rs D o.tDunu.raJap a1t alduax;1

97'L'0 091'0 PrnlPlPq op setlv 9?,9'0 949'0 (suarlc) 616 puofrelq
097'0 97,1'0 Uleazrn 0p sBllv 009'0
009'0 009'0 ut Br.uBlrud
wL'0 009'0
009'0 P.rnlplPq op I/€ lELroFutc 009,0 zlz eLueuvd
009'0 00'I
0g/'0 EIB'lzjn op I/t IBUOSBrc 009'o'* , sdtu
09/0
09/'0 IIG lvuo8ut1 00,1 pzLtld

nYJ "eJ ernlpFol ne) "e) u.nr1gFe1

gJnruJB op BJnturB op
InluolclJooS Inluo!alJeoJ

olirunl uI nuJ !s lg.rnlpsoi urn]rnrls 1$ u;n1p3o1 ap

09 vpqoJ "u3 1nr1ur op lriuclrrlcot n.rluad oluluorul.rtdxa gro1u4

9'l- 8'l olurrloau e;yy ,1.ro1sal1od op
B.I-9.I 01l?Jrla aJII ,ap1u;u11od ep

9'l -t'l al?Jrloau e;r1 'opluerlod ep
-'l
gdeulc 13 u1 ep
6'0-8'0 PlEIcrJllrE esBiPiu op
v'l
PIsJnlPu osBlBru oP
9't -8'l
v't-t'l ocllaluls argli nc c€]soruB ul pUIl ep
grqlJolor nc aolsoruB ul Pull op
0'0-8'0 1 dq p.rqrlolec op

8'0-/'0 g dr1 gtqr;olac ep

v't BlBpruc Full op
g'l pluugldard Eull op

Z,I csqrunq op

'p elupleuolitodo.rd op e.rt1 ap ur;o8o1u3

Inlnluo!cllooc BoreolEn

rolorrl alu cl!]selc o11;1Snsu1 ap pulzu;dep
uuurntrrrlcp'orna.sllouioud1uErirenlotr.ptlptSq ap
lnlnrltr !lrprlrrr !$_lrlozrn llrgpnrs liucrlr;aoX
(SZ
l ) urielo.r u1 oluyluuolirodo.rd op

69 DlaqnJ

Sr aplici lclatia r.lc caleul :

e,,: I00.C".Ca,, 'I (1,57,k,,-l).

h,,

l-)in trlrclu 39, sc i:r, pcnl.nr firc de bumbac, C".-1,2.

Sc rL'lcmrinir ft6 ; pcutru lcgiltrrra pinzf,, coe{icierrtrrl rlc rrmpl,:rrr in bit:ltirtir va Ii :

hr,: Do(du! Cau. du):2'10 (0,212-+ I X 0,211) : l0l,?6'1,, = 102910.

Din ral.lcll 5?, se grisc;te valorr.a cocficientului h, : 0,i}-L, cot'csl)unzi'itor r:u rur coe [i-
cient dc rrmplcrt in biitilur'tr ht -l020la qi in cazul firclor dr-. bumbac.

Iilrzr-rltai :

e" :100 X 1,2 X I (1,57 X 0,70{- 1) : 12,60010.

|irun1il.u.l 2. O [csirturi rlc in, dln filc {i]atc din {uior rltr in pieptinat, tltnurniti ,,0riu;r,t"
(sirnLol Ill6l-0 din catalogul MIU/I962) alc urmilolii plrrnrctli ri conllrlulii:

tex,:fsx, : 100; Du . I2B filr:/].O cm ; Dt :1.05 firc/l0 crn I L:giitura lrinzii. rli:ci
Cu,, - Qgr- 1,

-sc crlcLrlcazii diarnctrrrl firului cle urzealf, si biiritulil tlil lclltia:

.l . .; i/ r"*.

I)in tabcla lB sc ia I - 0,035 i du: dr:0,350 mrn

LL,: 610:l,'-ll- : 0,350

3. l6

llr : 105 (0,35-F r x 0,35) : 70,50,1r.

In tabcla 57 se gtiseStc, pentrlr un coclicitnt ,l, rrrrr1,l, r', irt lrirl r'ilLrri /lx de ?0]f1 ;i

1rr:rrtt'tt {irc da in ku =,,0,668.

Pctrtrtt lt6 : ?0,5, k* va li:

t.tu- 0,668 X 70,5 :0,ozt.

4 -

Irr talrcln 59, pentm fire dc in, C" :I.

Rezultd :

ea :I00 X 1 X 1,,1, (1,57X 0,6i1 -1) - 7,49-qir.
lirunpl.ul 3. 0 [cstrturir tchnicI tlin firc dc lnrnrlitc, dcrrurniti ,,Pinzi l'iltrn glrrr',rzli",
rr'{icolul [:il 0I I din catalogul XtII]/1962, alc urrnr'itotii prmmi'1ri ili (ionl.c11rrrii :

Nm, - fg*, : 34 2; d,: dt: 0,301 mm ;
D":206 {ir:ell0 cm i Db: lB0 firc/l0 cm: lc;littrlr rliagonal 2/);

Cau: goo -0'625'
Sc calculcazi coc{icientul tlc rrnrplerc in Jritltrtri I hb - BB,02rh.
Dirr trbcla 39, se ia C" :1,2, r'ar din tal'cla .38, sr: ia k",- (),690.

lli:zrrlti:

€,,-100 X 1,2 X I,3(tY.0,625 (r,57 X 0"690-1) :9,50696.

,140

trv

:'96re'e : (t-s299' 0x DLs' 6'rxrx B'0x00I "a

: pl1lzJl I gZ99'0:"4 'olotg: 0q ullucd 'lg ule(lut ul

'%t'ts : ntt

:: urur glZ'0:0S /t 8S0'0 xal/ V : qp

: rurn 0I€'0:B'T,I lLVe0,0: xal I V : "p

:(gg) roriup.r

lu.r)Jrx),) Bt0'0:r/ alscspF os'plcqul lgucacu u1'g,rqr;o1ec ap elJrr} n.rluad.rur'nt0'0:l
aturrr]sJp 'cunrs.rbl nc !lzocsr^ ep e.tr; n.rlued c'oplSIterIsrpJ8rBars.x9e1l
'.r{)lr[.)z.rl 'qzurd r.rnlgFal : xel 0g p.rqrJolcr urp p.mtplEq ulJqBf uI
B.6I ?p Ezocsl^
!.i[Dr;)f ,f rt.rr: csclqut ulp i]]sc Elurz.rn cp In.rrJ I urc glTorry l,0Z:aO :lur 0l/arlJ IIlr: nd
: u.rnt\rtuoi, ru r.rlaurulud rr.rotliruJn c.rB asulptu dJl alr; urp g.mlBs?l g '2 Tn1duaxg
'96t'o'ct:(t-tlr'0xrs'I) 68'0xIx9'Ix00r : "s

: Pllnzeu

un tg'1t,:04 utr u.r;rrlrl'r:r as 'g1 Drruolor '19 ularlut urp .rur '9' [:,t 'tIl'0-'ry luololJror

u! cs 69 ulorlB] uro

'oloLl'Ill : aU
I urur gtrg(6:gtS0'0X0I : qp: np

:Elfu'u::T6€-9'0Xfr'tX000 t /9'0 V

: (xarr{y:/, uliBler lza^) D 9u 000 I/t g'0 :l/ | xrt lV op : "p

: opcluc ele.r8olElu.rn qzBenlccJe as otelncluc InrlaurB!p 'cloqul u! 'cl6os}3
;ls uu '(lsculruo.r Inrelsrrlod alse a;rec) uole1 grqll ulp TEIIJ rrJ lsetu n.rlued .ecc.ruoa6

'rrrc 0l/crrJ TqI:aQ ! urc gye;rr1 z0z:"o | 00l-ox"r:nxol
: rr.mlxoluoo u rrlcurc.rud rlrolpu.rn aru 'o/0661 uo.ro] ep a.rqrJ trlp alulrt
'FfEp.rur 11ty d1r o.rrJ urp glscr.rqe1'liuqrpq euntsoc n.rluad p.rnlqsal O'g Tn1dunxg

r:'' 0lo z tr' 6: fi-90r'0Xrg' T) 6'0 x 929'0 x s' r x 00 3

'0lol0l:qq : Ellnze.r 'a1e1nc1ec otuol cs-npulnlcoJI

'SZg'}:qDC - "nJ 1717 ryuofrurp urnlp8el :urc/c.rrI }gZ:aO
I tuc/o.uJ Z1S:"e : (ZI 'qnl rzo,r) urur ygz'y:ap:"p '.6IXU:axat:'xcl

: rrrntxaluuJ ru 1.r1auru.rud IJJolEtuJn e,tu .arsap.rud n:r1uad ,rpu1p,ruqcg,'
rloi)rl.ru ap utln.r8 urp'sour.rcru EleuEldard pull ap oqt ulp F.rnrysal g'g Tn1duaxn

:' jktz's Q-s99'0 x r9' r) 9' rxgL' }xv' rX s61: na

:B9g'O:Dry ur as 'l€ BI?qBt u.rp rBr '''I:et Br cs '69 ulaqul urq

'llog'tg:aq Ezetlnrlec os '091'0:4rJ t 009'0:"Dc
! 97 1 luuo$urp u;rn1g8o1 | tuc 917a,r11 00I: 46r i ura g17a.rr; 0ZI:"e

: rrrnt llt'o: qp t uw B6t'0: 'p i 691: cxcl I 06: """,r
g: runl\oluoc ru r.rlauru.rud .rr.rolqur,tn o.ru plrrp.rnc gull op orrJ rrrp plnlEsei '72 Tn1duasg

11. Calculul intririi firului de bdtXturi la {esere

l'r'irr irrlllrlir lilulrri rlr' lr:rlirlrrrii ll Iosolc, sr- itrlclr-gc rlil'r'r'r'rtlrt An ,,,,','
cri,stii irrtre hrugirner firului rIe Itiitritulii din t('stilurit crritlri 1i lirtinrcl
ncestcia. Aceasti di fcrorlii, cxprimatit in'01n, sc noteazii ('tr tb.
Cali:u]ele Pentru dctcrrninarea mririrnii €b sint similare cu
tlcterrninarca slrrltiri'ii urzelii Ia {escre, calculata la capitolul aceleit ltentrrt
prrt:cdcrrt 1i

ttolltli"t {'il t[.

I n f ig. 537 sint rellrezelltate elenrentele de calcul aI irrtr:iri i britritrrr:ii
la tcsere: [i le1'rr:ezintir fjreulcngrhleirrul rszuebalcira,reBfi-rulfidrec lbeittirlctubrrriitiinitcuorrniirtrit'iraf:in-rl

de urzeali.

tiRez,rrl urrnirtoarelc relatii :

Ar, :,4O + OB -: AO + OB ; ('tie)

AO : OB :0,5 (d,, * d) ; (r {r0)

liig. 5:ii. {,r - lirtrl tlc rtrzt:rtl'i: 0,5 (d,, + dt) u, ratr - 0,5 (d,t * dr,\ ; (1{}1)
/i -- f inrl tlr: lriliitull. S-r prrs At, :
,,'rr,liriil, : ,ltt =f r/1;i I-,, - 0
( lrza I rlc :er, 100 (uu ,n,t -- l) (r[rJ)
fot'marc a Icsiitrrrii).

llin fig. 5''l?. sc t't'tlr-r cit, la linlit:r, c6::90o:0'5n't:rd' Pcntt'll elz:luax si
[11 tttltritttit. flclfrl :

Er : I00 (0,.5 'n-l) =. 57 oit, i

C:r qi in cazrrl dctcrminirrii tsnciiurirmtileliiaurrzuerglihi iIualrt{ie0s[c2r,ei,trl)efrnu1r.tr:u[icfieicnalrl'tc:
r:o111,rtrr1ii coresl'rrrnrle o anlrmitl
rniir.irncl rilportltlui tliltr:e cocficienlul dc urnplere in urzcald pclrtru contcxtura
rlrrt:r 1i cocficicntul rnarinr dc umplcrc in urzealit rnaxirn posibil, al acelciali
r orrlt'rlttt'i.

Accst coef icicnI sc rrntlazii cr. h6 :

KL-lt- ( I li;i )

hu *o,

Vtrlorilrr lIi(rr:'uraircillti(ri'cc1c{'lt'nllptrl:crLnctotnlcrctfcdittetrttitrci:.rnrrtnlluritn:luiarriri-fnitl6l-sr-clsiiur1i1ri1tfftrirllririttrellrlrriiznctllteiailxhllrrlatt.[iicrrts{r1clr.t''ri:r la lr'.cri'
liclrrtirr
r.stc cirttil:rr'ir ;

(184)

Co6 r'strr rroIicicrrt rlr legiitrrrr'r (rczi tabi:la 60).

Iis'etrrlt!e lo t:olt:ul ril irttrtirii. lt !e.serc u {intlu'i de lti(iturd.

l)r'lltt.il c\.'ml)lificrrrt. se f6l6sr.re nont, rtrrlile d:rtc lr capitoltrl prTttrrl,rtl

!.v,'rllltrl / 11,ev11111 o llsijllui ,le l,rrntl,r, )
It,, :9tt.1,1 \ l{l0ni,:

Co =- 1.2 (:ezi trlr. ir9) ;

hb :- 0,6[i] (Ytzi ral). 53);
€1
100 >< i,2 XI )< l (1,5? >/.0,681-l).=' B,2ll0%.

142

?,w

'Zg uPq]fl y! IBP InIaPou qdnP
'J.rr.t;r111r.',1 ep urjrzorTsrp r"lzB.r.roqRIo cs 'Arlcodsc.r rnlnlocrlJa corJrc-ods 'ocrlpulrl
li ourlr.roel Intluc Jp oIJ:lrlrruolr prtrsoloJ 'a1u1cero"rd llJnlxeluoo- -bzuq ri1
: (19 ulcqur) atep oloJeolt3urrn u'nrrp.rot1gel8trr1rlqaoppoerlsuaug! .'renplpUsl.erdi neccr.ergrec
lr.nrl\irluoo urrcl'orur1a1 oJaIlaI ap lcund 'ru

$"1fffi";:;tr:1""*Jtfi" ;l':HiiHi-::?'J:#fri,T:l .,

:'%se'e (t-ruqioXrs'I) 9'0 X IX e'ox00I : aa
: nq
I tgg'o

=2 oloLgl gg8'ggl: "q

(asulgur rllf e.r11 u1p p:rn1gsef o) 2 y7rlutaxn

: :'%ses'st (0gl'0 x-r9:r) u'0 x rx 9'I x 00r qs
. .r: 0tl'0 : aq | 9'1 =- "J

(tilup.tuc' Fld!1 'urp q.rnlpsaf o) g 1n1duax.r1

'9,oog,t: (ttl,u X tg,I) 6tt,0XSzg.0 X 9.I X 00I: ar
:: (BS '.lnr uet) 292'9 a.4
i (69 'qnl Yat') g'1 :'ep

.,: oloZIB't}I: "4

. (pruir9ldcrd Eull ulp g.rnlqsaf o) g Tn1dutarg

:.%009.9 (I _ 7Lrs,g X Lfi 9'0 X 9'I X 00I: ag

: (89 '\81, r.'!O^) ZL9'0,: qq
2 S'0 :"oC

: (69 'qnr) 9'r:. 'c
I ologg - nq

(crup.ruc cuil op E.rnltrsci o) p Tngduaxq

'0109?,'5: (r - gtgtg'o X r,s:'t) Ix 929'0 x z\ x 00I: qg

,.,zgro :"nc

' -: (89 'qq 1za,r) 9199,9 ,iry
: (69 'q"l lz"'r) 7,'r:
uJ

: ' iolol0l ry WL'00i= ryq

(curlurnq op E.rntfsal o n.rluarl) g 71t1dunr11

.'r,r'0r - (ros'o Xts',il X r x r x00r.: a3

: : . : (Bg ',tnl 1z'tt) y6g'g - aq

: %Or ry 9'68: "tt
(%00t "l ap Ernrrsol o l.rluad) 6 yrlduarg

Tabela 6l

Caracteristicile necesare la elaborarea unei contexturi

Denumirea paranretrilor UnitSli de mdsurd Observa!ii
contextufrl 9i mdrimile respective

I)enumirea cornerciald sau Fire tip bumbac, lind, STAS Nr.: Normd internb Nr.;
Simbol catalog M.LU. Nr.; etc.
tipizald a ariicolului mdtase etc.
'fors/metru, sensul tors. CompoziJia amestecului, lun-
hlateria primii gimea de fibrd, sortul etc.
(la lir simplu rdsucit,
- urzeala dm nominal, a^ real, la Iire
cablat)
7-orsiunea firelor simple, rdsucite
tex; (Nm),; Titlu. Fa-
F----ineubuldrrezzteedaaatullliaarraelor Finelea nominalS; Iinelea real6;
-''[-esbrdldetmtsui'mtaueracaruirnld urzealh ctdtativ tl,9i d6 iineiea corectatd
-- desimea in bdthturd
f)u Valoarea coelicientului de um-
Legdtura olere H;
Db Valoarea coeficientultri de um-
llaporlul de cttloare Dlere h,;
Opera{iile din procesrrl de Descnul le.giturii \/aloarea coelicienlului de um-

f inisare plere hu

Calculul coeiicientului de ar-
mtr6, Ca *
Calculul coelicientului de ar-

mur6, Cau

Dacd este cazul

Dezancolare; spdlare; albire;
vopsirc; imprimare; vapori-

zaie ; r'alandrare ; apretare etc.

Figa tehnologicl a rrnei teslturi Tabela 62
Observa!ii
Dcnrrmirca paratnetrilor care trebuie Unitatea dc mdsurd
precizaJi de lesere gi mdrimea resPectivd
in dispozilia

Numdrul de fire de urzealS

--- peniru fond
l)entru margl.nl

I-d!imca urzelii ir.r sPalh clll

Spata Nr. spetci/firc irt casd

Ndviidirea Irr cazrrl autrtrrrrdvlcldgiirtiui,rilracogmerpeliacaitne, se.dd desenul
arnturii, spat6, patronul
cartelelor si desenul cartelelor

[)csimea tcsdtrrrii crude in bdtdtttrh Fire/10 cnl Se precizeazi gi intrarea
liereu,loer2lgai
(ireutatca !cshtrrrii crude Grarne/metru lesere:
constrmul
Grarne/rnetru pitrat

sPe

cific de materie prim6
bobinelor ; Ianta curhlitorilor de fir;
Disirpl,,zl)irlicrrl)ratirislIpioecsiirilciedsictnrpicrelrtcrlre A,ldrimea de inilgurare a bobinelor Si sulurilor;
dcnsitatea
sisiemul de urzire; regimul de tncleie-re : pa-{1-
metrii iehnologici de ; ava-nsul ; pozi{ia
traversei din spate lesere
i pozilia fusceilor etc,

444

9W

'o:lescj cp or3ololnlal InscooJd rr! cilIr.ld lrJc]llul cp elrJcl.r'ol(I -
i g1nrrl 'rttlcadsc.r 'rS gprt.re BJrllQs^ci
n1 'alrrleoro.rrl o1clup t1 ep 'f.rnlplqq IS Iluazrn u! Ir"rnll?s?i alrulrsop
PJnl*sci rtznt e4v1 oppiuoerlts;rqnnlgssacipe?e1.rr.etelspn.r8artcr![ -
I r;1rur1 ?.nlrlsaj - BpnJc i 1rur1 u1 'pn-ro u1 -
-
i opnrc rl.rr lpsei l?retrripl r$ Fluds rr! rrlozrn uarulilll oJlu! l?itlorollp -
i (41.r
rlrr.rrnullru-rcso,tieu)cIulrlguilrlIriuq"I.nmlp1ps1aqique1p'ErrpJnI.ntcunu.urneulptrsSouinel IcroluP!
.rfirrn1u olr.rquncs -
: oln.ro ! ppn.ro u;rnlpsei el Eluezrn uI ap -
Biurelrp -

olrr?uncs

,ro.,i ur.,,r'rr.ror r$ Bor'r*rrrelap .,:Stl::";ff]lH'in""JJr:il"ilTr?;l;,XTlll
t.r:f u:lrcrprJcl 'gitrurn8rs rS elelrlouxJ llplu lutrl nc 'azarcottle :ls ps alrur.red
'c1rrrr1 ',tr1coilsa.r 'r$ opn.rr ulg!nalglBspeei .rlE'o.rrecllucasctoo.urttl-oacptz"rrlo.lleollEuplouelo€.Jruutdutluotolu3 eluc.I

aluolea nao6 rS I uleqBf

or{l.rude u1 uuld (e.tu1 ,,3ur11rd" InliaJA
-.rr-rcl o.ro trus) t1c1o lptuttLt llJnlPlEq Insues rrl

ul 11;ppe;8op ea;odecul --oJIeIIcaozJrInBInI sEuiousalsurJzo5
op Jt?urnU
Flrrd !lric

o.rol$11s op ttu;riltlnJ llrnlPlPq Inslras ur ---
.rrlpzundsa:or rq8un epu-tii JllazJn Insuos rll
o;e1$11s ep uiueqslzep

ruc1F1 o.rocln.r op clu;Eulp cluecotu n;cn'I

a;euoy$ op nl;rrn opu.rb' a-reuo11$ ep uelelrcude3

%Yo llrnlplgq Inslros ul -
j.,'.1i,1? li.i""l,J,j,*

lbr lunllllooE;zlaPJdnqnrIInnosspuuaoBssuuluoJll B--S

J'T

-tulfr rr.rnlgsei BalElnarD
ur/F rr;nlgsef eoulip'I

TUJ

P}ITI!J Epnrc PrnsPtu op uolBlJUIl r11qz;edruoc
.ro11.r1aure.tud EoJlLUnucCI
g;nlpsei tulued l;o1er1

gl.rnlgsai alu ef,ru,Btotu-otlzll ol!l!lslJolf,ureJ

€g DPqDJ

'€9 trloflul

rrl lrp clso clrurtr r$ apn.rc rr"rnlgsei re lcluereul'olrzrl lr.rloult?Jud ptrr,tr.rd
.roll?.ro([ul op Jolo1sli a crarluecuoo oP Icpom nn'rrnllsoi ep rl.ro5clur c]IBlolcr

n.rlnccl 'r3lrqupuuruoca.r rA 'ecnrtlel eIIJn]Esoi a1uo1 n;r1ued 'or.ro]n3r1qo else 'c1tz

-rp.reprruls outrotr gclnp'rB Joluroqul cp ele"rudu nc aral os oltlnJcxc rB 'e1t1
-eriord rr.mlgsai ru rcrrrBreur-oltzr! .Io1r,r1,eurc"ruc[ B.a.rBIItulJalo11 'r:1rtr11 B.tlt]trsJi
riirr.rrrlurlrrrcr[crruS-o1cqrez1rJu,togeflpslearn.rId;)on.rIrlrscusleegcqi;ullsro1oes.rooqeup1n'rocprrlJrnI]ullrsweJioulcap.ruucr"rrrtql u'u; rcEltslne1c1u cltl

in tf ala dc paltnrcl-rii r-'orrtcxturii, sl.rcci{icl!i iu tahclelc 6l, 62 ;'i 6li
[chnica urodrrnii r[e proieertare a .!csiitttrilol Iol,osc;tr-'o, iu" tlotl cttt'crtl, ;,i aItg
ci'loeulore.inttiojrFri cot,fi<'iclti rle ealcrrl, aualizali il tlctali'u, 1n p:tltca lI, ,-'ut'c rur Ii
cult'ul,'lr et' ttt'tuclzit:

- gradul dc at,opct'ir:e )
- coelir'ierrtrrl rlc runplele ',
-
- t'ut'.fi, i,'rrtrrl rle ilcsilre ) (conl-r'lctir lir [cst'tt' t filclor tlrrttrzr]'tl- *'
cocIiciclrlii tlc contLar:tie

lr:rtiittrrii):

L- uatroucaf icienlii conrlitioniud uzula siltrrltaui. fl ttcestor partmctri vrt Ii
in consitlelurc, in,r'alculele clc proiectai'e,
rlc ttirlrtrii -si lala"rteri ytn: lnrtti cotrplrt !esiittrrilc', ircii tlin f-aza tle ,'lalrorat'c,
srrlr urrrriitoarelc aspccte :

_- 1'6111p61[area in erl)loirtarc, r[irr punct tlc vcdorc al itlerrtil'icirlii trr
tlt'stirtlliu:
capacitatca tle prclucrare gi cfortrrile dc prt,lrrcral'c in l)ror'(rsrrI tclr-
- nologic rlc [e-ucle, tlef inind alcgr.'r'ca utilajului adecvat si prr,scliptiilc

[cl[rologicc (]rr caritct()r spccial ;
comportal'a in exploatilro dirr lrrrncl" dc r"cdere al durlbiliurgii;
- rl irijalea ruatr.r'iei Prirrrc cirtt'e lrticolt'lc atlercvalc calactcristicilor irr-
- triusct:t' alc accstt:it 5i r[cstina!iu cct tttui ldccval-ii ;

- consuulul raliorral dt: rrtateric prirni, cl itirrrlu-sc dt'opotrir ir supril-.

ca gi subr[iulcnsiolirdlo ;
r'calizalea r,orrr[i liei dc rrzurii simultanai a ct'lol doui -qisttrlrc dr: f irc
- (urzcitlit;i batritulri)" ltrgata. tle asernorta, dc consumul r.rrliorrlI dc

nlatcrii lrrinre gi drrrabilitntca ltloduseior.
l)r'oicclarea (:our:rctii a !csirturilnr se \ia {acc pentru to:rtc categoriile dc
It'siitrrli : dirr f irc tip.lnrrubac. iu, cinepii. linri, uritase, f ire sintr.tilc, pcrrtlrr
irt'Iilollll .lllr rl' s,'ri,. fi \lr ('ul)rilrrlr. :
111;1p1'111inill'{}il slLr verificalea clcmculelor contextutii, inrlusiv ar'llul'ir
- qi alegerea Iir'elor adecvate, in coudiiile realizlrii ccrin!clor specilitrrrtc

rrrrri sus. jn Irrrrclir, rlc Icstltula proicctati i
plcscriplirrni telurologice dc reglar,e a paratnetl'ilor caracteristir,i rll
- {urrc!ionure, inclusiv alegt'rea utilajului qi batcrca cartelelor'.

lutnrcit catcgoriile de ft'siituri:int stabilite in funclic de necesil-irliLr
prar-lticc, l)entru toa[e dottteniile, ltloiet,tarrtul va porni, pcltrtr, tual't;4 ;rgajori-
tllc a lazrrrilor, dr- ll rlllc cxistente, r'oluI sau f iirrd de a lc r crilie a pi r'o-
lecta, in lumina principiilor cnuntate qi a lc irnbunitrili tlin punct tlb .r-etlclc
lI estel"icii, eonlortrrlui ;i r'r,orrotnicitilii. irr acelu;i Limp, lrroieclir ntlrl \ ir
llullil crcca lltit'olc crr lotul noi, dcsr.'oPerirrtl rlorncrrii noi tlc utiliz:u'r'slrr
schimJrind clcstina!it nraleriei prirnc dc la o grupa de artico.lc ia ,rlti'r grul).r.
la,'aro {olosirca aecstt'iir la li, iu rrrotl justifit'at, ntui ra!ionalri (t[rr cxrrrnlrlrr"
rrrloluir','a ],utttl,ltr'ttlrri ,'u rclott. llt rrrrclc artico]c tchrricr')
Plt,bl,'rrrir lrluclici t'c stJ prrrte, in trtotl frecverr[. pt'oit'r'tirrttulrri rlc lr':ii.

trrri rrste acccar rlc t cllbora, pe b:rza utrei tnostlc dintr-o lesitl-trrii finitr"r, ptra-
nrrrtrii contc:rturii uer:csali iirtorlllil'ii rrornei inltrrttc a articoltrlui qi a r.t'riIi-

t'irrii clli tatilc a at'cstuia. tliu purrct dc vedere tl ploiccl"iilii rir,tionale, 1-rrivind,
irr specitl. corrtligia rle rrzulii siurtrltarrir;i l'olosirca ratioualii a ntittcl'ici pr'i rlrc.

Do asclrtt'rrca, in unr'lc clztrri, cst(' lleeLrsaf t'a plgirlctiurLul si"r tlitlroLczt'.
tlupir rret'r.silltc, irrtitrolc u{)i (r'(}lrtr"rttrri), 1rc Jrtza prirlripiulrri rlloli Iicririi

446

LVft

':rrF.lrlrl.rrr.'rpoirtur.rrr'nZlcl1qJ6seJluipnonEorql.uutnrprld!sBc.'1ir.rorUloI3r!}rosul ..lrrixruretol'r..gJrnIlTJ1ocxlreqrlyturlol.LrcrZco=p.raucOl'u.ruonliruB:.rr:ror.rqo6u1l1s7cac.crprlyr 0jto0lrtJ:-q"uerluJiaulJrOp 0l-'?

rnJolrroJ

'qarqd 16 y6 uo.ru.roqt?lo rulued

-pFc1 oclicclo.rd cp .roloqr,sr{ .JI.rptto.ricrJtroc luuoFurp '676 luuo8urp tms alucrpul mru olco olr.rnl
erBullscP clqocrl,rB n.r1ue{ : n.rnlqsef u.rn1pfie1 'u,rn1
-l]!,sIPo.illcElrDleuJqlsaupr'colltsrrirtclrrllccJnlliillupauodr '.lrlorPli{o!tlrl1ll.piu,xulsrll'iocc7yunoc} cp rolr-rcpur"rdc.rlur u nBs rnlnl.rcluoo
L?:llllou'cpnrt Irrnl!scl BrullllT

i :relads lniEiiinr_;"1, .
ralbrls u glnsql oo.rl cs c.rBJ arrl ap ott
I o-.rlrrr.rrl i qlecz.rn cp c.rrJ ap In.rpurn v -
Inrqurnu - ,N

, : i tuc761 o.tt; 'F.rnlEtFq n! rr.Lnlqsoi Dourlscp - qO
uI rr.rnlpsal Baurlsop ,- zO
:arr 0l/errJ 'p1urz.rn

: r.rJo]!ru.rn Xuls 'zBJ l.slre ul 'lllllquls rnqe.rl ro^ oJBc_ r.r.rlarlu.red
'e.resrurJ ep ascao.rd p'l.roduroc nu u.rnlqsai
zur J.mr rn 'n.rln1 coupqrcuunrquqo/norgluga) dceloqfuill.nnq? rm ccz.rcrlcJecroJrldlzo,JdSslEp sei'U X xcl :70ZppyctulaauxrJg
'(t.rqr;o1rre uk11 -l drj pnl,\u
pu!^v

:.r|hurxo.rT,upol.frrr.rn eJu"raplsuoc rI lod (sns ruut elB:lt?JB Joltlirpuoc p,c.l
.1ll;)a(Isc.l n;) cJoTt.ntlxolrroc..rolr.rloulsJBd Tr.rBJoqUIc PoJs.]}IltIdIII,)x.) ILIJucJ

(-c III,--ZZT plPrclJrlJE asBleLU rrr(l
ZI-L
i9'tI--7,B1 il-9 acrlo}trls o.rqrJ nc Jnaclsro9orluBlsBrantuluEs!u'cuoBIsqe6ilrPPjnUuqlrl urc
9t-8
98-.92 aellolurs o.rrJ rrc
0r-0e 0Z- -Zl
ur(l
9I-B 9I-B 'glEprsr gull rrJC
9-t 9:? P',lsn!d
9t-t 0t-9 PlEn^lrsdoDqxBols 'FlsprBr PUII ec
PlBugldord guII o(l
UI ACI
cBqunq oc

o$ uy ,tz w1 ob ul ,f3 JolU
-Psalearslsn8ul -nlpsal EaJullncs
r.rn]9sot .op alruoFolEJ

lusrur; e1 rolrrnlFsai BrrEJlul

- '"p

Insero;d ug 1-rnlpsri 1g;,,4.1'llnlrltotlrli."u", ;s o.rul,rnrs op Inlua)ord
I
,9 olaqDJ

,

r rn?'rr op rz,q 'e1rr"rn;rsrr 1r.) ruro'rsu", ]|t'irT.i;tti::.t:]itlitt"-('tt:;t liilJli

-i)!.lnsrosrjuir)JpoPccorllcrfsaceJror.-IodcurzIrl!lpoalruiFl loellrrlcjrlBoJ"rldu'oqctrursllnlnucrsrsorr!nrrcrzonP.rcupsmeclrrrlilaplus-otti''Jeorlcr.smolj
tul .Iola.rrJ allricB,I]uor 'o.rr;, ap e[IIo:]srs JolJqrue alrrurqeP l,urarJd 'eluapocc.rcl
cle1o1rdr:l "I lnelu] ep rriular elep lsol ,nB Jolrrnlxolro] ueJu:roqulc n.rtued

.nsr.rd elcodsn elaqtuy 't3crlsllJe elqr}I^l:lcu nc PcsBo.IourFnr a;u1r,tr1ru op eJEn
-tqru! o olso rJnlgsoi. ep rnlnluelcJroJfl EJunuI oJJ.rBoap'roIrolnc r aJtszrrrour.m
op clrldr;lrrr-rd ap oup!'e'Jgrur3s1trar;pcp'aueqcur8ronlqoucrple)l
r.rnlqsai ep r3dn.l8 e1u5e1 elarrelqord r'S (eselqpu
eJecorl ruluod rS "Io1 lnlqruBsrlu

i,losoco.rd Ecsr?,orrne ES LrnlESqi op Inluu]coroJd B'c "IBsacrou lnlosqB olsg
'acrlolrrrs rs ecrzol

.nicir 'frrrrup alu.c cd olBcI.rqBI ,oturJd rlJolBul tuJtl 'BesBlr.ilu 'lnu[ 'lncuqrtrnri
'urr11 : r) !oluclsrxJ c,rilr.rd lr.raleru pulncolul rS eurr.rd rarJe]B[I u oteot.rodns