Alamdang Laisiangtho Final (1)

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 35

Thuciam Thak In Thuciam Lui Humuapna Tawh Kisai A Genna

Thuciam Thak bute in Thuciam Lui bute Pasian humuap ahihna lam tuamtuam
in na gen hi. Khatveivei Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui a bu buppi-in a gen ciangin “Lai-
siangtho” (Scripture), Pasian’ kammal (The Word of God), thukham leh kamsangte (Law
& Prophets) leh Pasian’ kampau (The Oracles of God) ci-in a tuamtuam in na zang hi.
“Laisiangtho” (Scripture) cih kammal Thuciam Thak in a zat ciangin Thuciam Lui bute a
genna ahi hi. Thuciam Thak ah Paul in “Laisiangtho khempeuh” (All the Scriptures) cih
kammal a zat ciangin Thuciam Lui buppi leh Thuciam Thak buppi teng a genna hi-a,
Pasian’ humuapna tawh kigelh ahihna zong na gen cian hi (2 Tim. 3:16). Tua banah Jesuh
in “Laisiangtho” a khialhlohna zong gen hi. Berean khua a om pawlpite in LST khiatna
nisimin kankhia uh hi (Sawlt. 17:11). Thuciam Thak bute in Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh “Pa-
sian’ humuap laibu” hi, ci-in pulaak uh hi. “Pasian’ kammal” cih a kizat ciangin Thuciam
Lui bu ahi-a, Thuciam Thak ahi zongin Pasian’ humuap laibute hi, cihna zong ahi hi. Mark
17:13 sungah Phariseete in “Pasian’ kammal” a pampaihna uh kimu hi (John 10:35). Hih
Pasian’ kammal cihpen Thuciam Thak ah mun tampi ah kimu thei hi. Pasian’ kammal
cih ciangin Thuciam Lui bek genna hikhin tuan lo hi. Paul in “Laisiangtho” a cih ciangin
“Pasian’ thuciam” (Rom. 9:6) ahk “Pasian’ thu (2 Cor. 4:2) ci-in zong na zang kaak thei hi.
Thuciam Thak Hebrews laigelhpa in “Pasian’ kammal/thu” pen a nungta leh a gamtang
khat bangin na gen hi (Heb.4:12). Peter in a thugenna ah kamsangte khempeuh in zong
“Laisiangtho” a thupitsak leh a gen bel uh ahih lam na gen hi (Sawlt.10:43). Luke 24:27, 44
sungah Thuciam Lui khempeuh Pasian’ thu ahihna leh Pasian humuap ahihna gen hi.

Thuciam Thak ah Gospel bute in “Thukham” a cih ciangin “Moses Laibu” (Penta-
teuch) a genna ahi hi. Khatveivei thukham a kicih ciangin Thuciam Lui bu buppi a genna
zong hi thei hi (John 10:34). “Thukham” cihin Moses’ gelh laibute bek genna in kizang lo
hi. “Pasian’ kammal” ahk “Laisiangtho” in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak a kizomsuak lai-
bu khat ahihna genna in a kizang ahi hi. John 12:34 sungah zong mite in “Thukham” thu
na pulaak uh hi. Jesuh in amau thukham na cihsak hi (John 15:25). Sawltakte Tangthu
sungah Paul in Jewte’ thukham, na ci hi (Sawlt.25:8). Paul in Thuciam Lui thu a gen kik
ciangin “Thukham sungah kigelh hi” cih kammal zang hi (1Cor. 14:21). Mual tung thuhilhna
ah Jesuh in a zat kammal Thukham leh kamsangte cih kammalte in Thuciam Lui Pasian’
humuap laibu ahihna a gen ahi hi (Matt.5:18). “Thukham leh kamsangte” ahk “Moses
leh kamsangte” cih kammal Thuciam Thak ah a kicih ciangin Jewte’ LST Thuciam Lui a
gen nuam ahi hi. Hi bang kammal Thuciam Thak sungah mun tampi ah om hi. Jesuh in
Mual tung thuhilhna ah “Thukham leh kamsangte” cih kammal na pulaak zelzel hi, (Matt.
5:17, 7:12). Thukham leh kamsangte’ hilhnate a phiat dingin Jesuh hong pai ahih-lohna
gen hi. Luke 16:16 sungah tuiphum John hun ciang dong Moses thukham leh kamsangte’
thugente zuih bel in kinei hi. Felix mai-ah a kihuutna dingin Paul in Moses’ thukham laibu
sunga, a kigelhte khempeuh siksan in na zang hi (Sawlt.24:14). Thukham leh kamsangte
laibute in Jewte’ biakinn sungah kisim hi (Sawlt.13:15). Kimakaihna leh ki-ukna hoih pen a
kingaihsun Moses’ thukham leh kamsangte’ thuhilhnate ahi hi (Matt.7:12).

36 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

“Kamsangte” cihin Thuciam Lui buppi gennopna in zong kizang thei veve hi.
Thuciam Lui khempeuh pen kamsangte gen thu ahih manin Thuciam Lui gennopna in
“Kamsangte” a kicih pen lamdangsak ding hi lo hi. Khatveivei kamsangte’ Laisiangtho
(Scripture of the Prophets) kici thei hi (Matt. 26:56). Mihing tapa thu a kigelhna khempeuh
Thuciam Lui cihna ahi hi (Luke 18:31). “Kamsangte” cihin “Moses’ laibu” leh “Kamsang lai-
bute” khempeuh tawh a deihna a kibang ahi hi (Luke 24:25-27). Pasian’ kampau/ thu
(Oracle of God) cih kammal Thuciam Thak ah nihvei na om a, Thuciam Lui genna in a ki-
zang kammal ahi hi. Paul in Jewte’ tungah Pasian’ thu a kipiakna thu na gen hi (Rom.3:2).
Pasian’ thu a bulpite hilh ding na kisam lai uh hi, ci-in kigelh hi (Heb. 5:12). Thuciam Lui
laigelh bute pen “Pasian kammal” kici ahihna kimu thei hi. Thuciam Thak ah “Laibu ah
kigelh hi” (It Is Written) cih kammal mun 90 val ah kimu hi. Hih 90 valte lakpanin a tamzaw
in Thuciam Lui bute a kawk in genna a, kizang ahi hi. Ahi zongin LST buppi (Thuciam Lui
leh Thuciam Thak) genna in zong kizang veve hi. Thuciam Lui sungah Christ thuakna leh
sihna ding (Luke 18:31) thu kigen a, Thuciam Thak ah kamsang khempeuh in a tangtung-
sa thu leh hong piang lai ding thute gen hi (Mk.9:12, 14:21).

Luke 21: 22 sungah bang hanghiam cihleh LST sungah a kigelh mah bangin “Gim
piak ni” hong tung hi, ci hi. Hih thute pen a kigenkhol thute ahi hi. Jesuh in Thuciam Lui bu
ahi “Thukham laibu, kamsang Laibu leh Late” genna a tangtung ahi hi, ci hi (Luke 24:44).
Thukham leh kamsangte gen thute a beisak dingin hong pai ka hi kei hi… a tangtungsak
dingin hong pai ka hi hi (Matt.5:17). Hi bang danin Thuciam Lui tawh kisai gensawnna
Thuciam Thak sungah mun 30 val ah kimu thei hi. Hih genkholhnate Pasian’ thu ahih
manin a tangtun loh phamawh hi. Hebrew LST khenpi 3 ahi “Thukham, kamsangte leh
late bute” pen Thuciam Thak in Pasian’ humuapna ahihna leh a thuneihna kipsak hi.
Moses khang panin Jesuh khang dong a kigelh laite (Luke 16:16) pen a kisia thei lo Pasian’
kammal ahi hi (Matt.5:18). Jesuh in LST sungah ama thu kigenna khempeuh, Moses laibu
a kipan kamsangte’ laibu a khiatna gen hi (Luke 24:27). Thuciam Thak in “Thukham bu” a
cih ciangin Moses’ laibu (5) te a gen nuam ahi hi. Moses’ thukham (Sawlt.13:39, Heb.10:28)
ahk “Moses” cih bangin a kigen ziauhna mun zong om hi (2 Cor. 3:15). “Moses’ laibu” (Mark
12:26) ahk “Thukham laibu” (Gal.3:10) cih bang danin zong kithei hi. Hih laibute in Pasian’
thuneihna a nei laibute ahi hi. Hih “Thukham bu” (Pentateuch bute) pen Pasian kiangpan
hong piangkhia laibu ahih lam kician takin kimu thei hi.

“Kamsangte’ laibu” Thuciam Thak in na gen hi (John 1:45, Luke 18:31). Kamsangte’
LST (Scripture of the Prophets) (Matt. 26:56) leh kamsang laibu (The Book of the Prophets)
(Sawlt.7:42) sungah na kizang hi. Kamsangte cihin Pasian’ adingin thugensakte hi-a, a
laigelhte uh Pasian’ humuap laibu kici hi (2 Pet. 1:20-21). Laigelh bute pen Thuciam Thak
sungah laigelhte cih kammal lian in om lo hi. “Late” ci-in na kigelh hi. Laigelhte cihpen
LST lawhzia kammal hi lo hi. Ahi zongin Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui khenpi (3) in a ki-
khen ahih lam teci kician hong lak hi. Jesuh in “Moses thukham, kamsangte leh late” ci-in
Luke 24:44 sungah na gen hi. Tua ahih manin “Moses thukham bu, kamsangte laibu leh
late laibute” pen Pasian’ humuap ahihna kician takin kimu thei hi. Thuciam Thak bute in
Thuciam Lui bute kitel takin gensawnna na nei hi. Josephus in Jew’te Thuciam Lui Canon

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 37

bu 22 pha hi, ci hi. Hih bu 22 sung panin bu 18 te in thuneihna nei laibu hi ci-in Thuciam
Thak in gensawnna nei hi. Gensawnna a om lo Thuciam Lui bute in “Thukhente, Khang-
tangthu, Esther leh Solomon bute” ahi hi. Thukhente bu sunga thupiang Hebrew 11:32 leh
Khangtangthu sunga thupiangte Matt.23:35, 2 Khang. 24:20-22 leh Solomon 4:15 munte
gensawnna a om tei hangin LST thuneihna genna hi lo hi.

Esther 9:22 sunga “Purim pawi” pen John 5:1 leh Mangmuhna 11:10 te in kibatna nei
hi. Tua ahih manin hih munte in Pasian’ humuapna tawh a kigelh ahih lam hong gen hi.
Esther bu pen Pasian’ thuneihna laibu khat ahih tei hangin Thuciam Thak ah gensawnna
om lo hi. Solomon 4:15 pen John 4:10 sunga “Nuntakna Tui” a cihpen Jesuh gensawnna ah
kimu thei hi. Thuciam Lui Hebrew LST bu 18 te pen Thuciam Thak sungah genkikna kimu
thei hi. Mihing hong kipiansakna (Pian.1:27) pen Jesuh in (Matt. 19:4-5) sungah gensawn
kik hi. Thukham 5 na (Pai. 20:12) pen Ephesians 6:1 ah gensawna kimu thei hi. Phaaknatna
neite’ thukham tawh kisai (Siam. 14:2-32) pen (Matt.8:4) ah na gensawn kik hi. Gamlak-
vaakna sunga thupiangte pen 1 Corinthians 10:11 te ah na kiciamteh hi. Tua banah Gam-
lakvaakna 12:7 sunga Moses cihtakna thu Hebrews 3:5 sungah thuneihna a nei laibu in
kiciamteh hi. Thuciam Lui bute sung panin a kigensawn mun pen laibu in Thuhilhkikna bu
ahi hi. Jesuh in Satan’ ze-etna a thuakna ah mun nih siksan hi (Matt.4:4- 4:7-Thhkna 8:3
leh 6:16). Pasian’ tung panin Joshua in Pasian’ kamciam na ngah hi. “Nang kong tamasak
kei dinga, kong nusia kei ding hi (Josh.1:5). Hih mun pen Hebrews. 13:5 sungah gensawn-
na om hi. Jesuh in 1 Samuel 21:1-6 sunga David in Sabbath ni-in biakbuk sunga, anlum a
nekna thu na gen hi.

Pasian in Elijah tunga, a dawnkikna thu (1 Kumpi. 19:18) pen Thuciam Thak Romans
11:4 sungah na gen kik hi. Ezra-Nehemiah bute genna zong Thuciam Thak (John 6:31-
Neh.9:15) ah gensawnna om hi. Pasian in a mi Israelte vantung panin an tawh a vaakna
thute zong na gen hi (Late 78:24, 105:40). Job bu (Job 5:12) pen Paul in thuneihna a nei
laibu in gen hi (1 Cor.3:19). Late bu zong Thuciam Thak bu sungah Thuciam Lui bute panin
a kitam gensawn pawl mah ahi hi. Jesuh deih mahmah LST bu zong ahi hi. Matthew 21:42
sunga kigen pen (Late 118:22) ahi hi. Peter in Late 110 Pentecost pawi (Sawlt. 2:34) sunga,
a thuhilhnate genkina nei hi. Hebrews bu sungah Late (2, 45,104,102) kigen sawnna om
hi. Paunak bu (Pau.3:34) sunga, a kigen thute James in kician takin na gen kik hi (James
4:6). Thuhilhna bu panin gensawnkikna om lo hi. Ahi zongin mun pawlkhat pen upna bul-
pi siksan theih ding om hi. Paul in “Mi khat in ama vawh nam khaici mah at ding hi, ci hi
(Gal.6:7). Hih Paul gen thu pen (Thuhilhna 11:1) sunga thute a genkikna ahi hi. Khangnote
in a pelh ding uh thute (2 Tim.2:22) sungah Paul in a gen pen (Thuhilhna 11:10) siksan a
gensawnna ahi hi.

Hebrews bu sungah “Mihingte khatvei a sih ding Pasian’ sehsa hi” (Heb.9:27) a
cihna mun pen (Thuhilhna 3:2) hi-a, sum deih luatna in siatna nam khempeuhte’ bulpi
khat ahi hi (1 Tim. 6:10) a cihpen (Thuhilhna 5:10) siksan in genkikna ahi hi. “Thu na nget uh
ciangin lawkite bangin na gen sasa uh gen phapha kei un” (Matt. 6:7) cih pen (Thuhilh-
na 5:2) pan ahi hi. Thuciam Thak bu ah Isaiah bu zong a kigensawn mun mahmah khat

38 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

ahi hi. Tuiphum John in Matthew 3 sunga, a gen thute pen Isaiah 40:3 sunga, a laksawn
mah ahi hi. A khankhiatna Jewte’ biakinn sungah Jesuh in (Isaiah 61:1-2) mun na sim
zelzel hi (Luke 4:18-19). Paul in zong kamsang Isaiah genna gen kik zelzel hi (Rom.9:27,
Sawlt.28:25-28). Jeremiah 31:15 pen Matthew 2:17-18) in gensawn kik a, Jeremiah gen mah
ahi Thuciam Thak thu (Jeremiah.31) sunga pen Hebrews 8:8, 10:16) ah kimu thei hi. Kahla
bu pen Hebrew LST bu 22 sungah Jeremiah-Kahla bu khat kisuah ahih manin Thuciam
Thak in Kahla bu panin a kigenkik se loh hangin Jeremiah in a gen nak leh Pasian’ hu-
muap leh thuneihna laibu in kisang ahi hi (Matt.27:30-Kahla 3:30). Ezekiel bu zong Thuci-
am Thak ah a kigen mun khat mah ahi hi.

Jesuh in suahkikna tawh kisai a thuhilhna (John 3:5) pen (Ezekiel 36:25-26) pan
ahi hi. Paul in Romans 6:23 sunga, a gen “Mawhna thaman in sihna hi” a cihpen (Ezekiel
18:20) a laksawn ahi hi. Mangmu John in (Mang. 4:7) sunga, “A nungta ganhing lite thu”
pen (Ezekiel 1:10) pan a laksawn ahi hi. Mual tung thuhilhna ah Daniel bu na kigen kik hi
(Matt.24:15, Dan.9:27, 11:31-Matt. 26:64-Dan.7:13). Kamsang neu 12 bute pen Hebrew LST ah
bu khat a kisuah ahi hi. Hih kamsang neu 12 te pen Thuciam Thak ah gensawnna mun
tampi ah kimu thei hi. Habbakuk bu sung panin a minthang mahmah LST mun in, “Thu-
man mite ahih leh, a upna bang un nungta ding hi” (Hab. 2:4) cihpen hi-a, Thuciam Thak
ah na gensawn kik hi (Rom.1:17, Gal.3:11, Heb. 11:38). Thuciam Thak Gospel bu ahi Matthew
2:15 in Hosea 11:1, “Egypt gam panin ka tapa ka samkhia hi” cih gensawna nei hi. Thuciam
Thak ah Thukhente-Ruth- Esther leh Solomon Late gensawnna kician takin om khol lo hi.
Ahi zongin Thukhente-Ruth bute sunga a piang taktak thute (Hebrews 11:32) sungah gen-
sawnna om hi. Khangtangthu pen Jesuh in Zechariah sisan thu a genna ah na siksan a,
Piancilna panin Malachi kikaal a misiangtho kibawlsiate a genna ah a huamin na pulaak
hi (Matt.23:35).

Solomon Late pen Thuciam Thak gelhte in siksan kician zang kha lo uh hi. Eshter
bu pen “Paisan pawi” ah kisim hi. Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui buppi a huamin Pa-
sian’ humuapna tawh a kigelhna gen hi. Tua manin Thuciam Lui bu a tuamdiak ahihna
zong kilang hi. Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui thu a muanhuaina a gen ciangin a piang
taktak nalamdangte na ciamteh hi. Tua tangthute sungah Adam leh Evete piansakna
(Matt.19:4), Noah hun a tuiciin tunna (Luke 17:27), a lamdang takin Moses kisapna (Luke
20:37), a lamdang takin sehnel gamah Israel mite a kivaakna (John 3:14), 6:49, Elijah
nalamdang bawlna (Luke 4:24-25, Jonah ngapi gil sunga sun thum leh zan thum a omna
cih thu piang taktak tangthute (Matt.24:41) in Thuciam Lui (LST) a muanhuaina hong lak
bek hilo-in Pasian humuapna om taktak ahih lam zong hong gen hi.

Jesuh Leh Thuciam Lui

Thuciam Thak Gospel bute ah Jesuh thuhilhna hoih takin a kikancian ciangin
Thuciam Lui gensa thute tampi om hi. Thuciam Lui in Pasian’ thuneihna nei laibu ahih
lam Jesuh thugenna panin kimu thei hi. Mihingte pen an leh tui bek tawh a kinungta hi
lo-a, Pasian kam pan hong paikhia thu tawh kinungta hi, ci-in LST sungah kigelh hi (Matt.
4:4, 7, 10). LST in na Topa Pasian na ze-et kei ding hi. Satan aw, taikhia in ci-in LST sun-

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 39

gah kigelh hi. Thuciam Lui a bei het lohna thu Jesuh in gen hi. Thukham leh kamsangte
laibu a beisak dinga hong pai-in, hong ngaihsun kha kei un. A beisak dingin hong pai
hilo-in, a kicingsak dinga hong pai ka hi hi. Aman takpi-in ka hong gen in ah, van leh
lei a mangthang zongin, thukham khempeuh a tangtun khit mateng, laimal neu khat
ahi-a, laimal themkhat nangawn ahi zongin a mangthang kei ding hi, ci hi (Matt. 5:17-18).
Thuciam Lui LST a khial ngeilo ahihna thu Jesuh in na gen hi (John 10:35). Tua banah a
khial thei lo, khialhna kihel lo ahih lam Jesuh in Sudduceeste a dawnna panin kimu thei
hi (Matt.22:29). John 17:17 sungah “Na thu in thuman thutak ahi hi,” ci hi. Late 19:7 in Topa’
thukham in a kicing hi-a, pau banna hemna om lo hi, cih kammal kizang hi (Pai.12:5).

Thuciam Lui sunga tangthu a kigente up dingin muanhuai ahih lam Jesuh in gen
hi. Tua tangthute in Adam leh Eve, Noah leh Jonahte tangthu ahi hi. Laitheite leh Phari-
seete tungah Jesuh in “Jonah in sun 3 leh zan 3 sung ngapi gil sungah a omna thu leh
mihing tapa lei sungah ni 3 sung a omna thu gen hi (Matt. 12:46). Tua khit ciangin a nung-
zuite tungah Jesuh in Noah hun a tuiciin tun bangin mihing tapa a hong pai nading thu
leh tuiciin tun ma-a, leitung mite in nekna leh dawnna, kipina leh kiteenna, a piang thute
na gen hi (Matt. 24:37-38). Thuciam Lui bu in a kician sinsen leh a maan takpi ahihna
zong Jesuh in na gen hi. Jesuh in a dawnkikna ah, “… LST sim kha ngeilo na hi uh hiam? ci
hi (Matt. 19:4-5). Thuciam Lui bu in thunei pen ahihna zong Jesuh in na gen hi (Matt. 15:3,
6). Mihingte’ ngeina bangzah ta-in thupi-in kihilh mah taleh Pasian’ kammal LST tungah
thuneihna nei zo tuan lo hi.

Thuciam Thak gelhte in Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh Pasian’ humuapna leh thu-
neihna tawh kigelh ahih lam kipsak uh hi. Jesuh muk leh kam panin Thuciam Lui humua-
pna leh a maan takpi ahihna Thuciam Thak ah a gensawnna panin kimu thei hi. Jesuh
in zuau kamsangte leh upna maan lote lakah thu a gen ciangin “Laisiangtho sungah
kigelh hi” (It Is Written) ci-in na dawng tangtang hi. Zuau phuakte in LST sungah kigelh hi,
ci ngeilo uh hi. Jesuh in amaute kiangah “LST ahi-a, Pasian’ vangliatna ahi zongin thei lo
na hih man un, na sang khial uh hi, ci hi (Matt. 22:29). Thumaan thutak i theih khit ciangin,
tua thu maan bangin gamta leng, kinungta tawntung ding hi, ci-in Jesuh in gen hi (Luke
10:28). Jesuh in Thuciam Lui tungah Pasian’ thuneihna nial theih loh in om ahihna thu
na gen hi. Thuciam Lui Pasian’ thuneihna laibu in a kisang zo lo laibute in Jesuh Christ
nasepnate nial in langdo den hi. Thuciam Lui pen uplahna ding thu om lo hi. Pasian’ hu-
muapna tawh kisai Thuciam Lui bu tektek in gen a, Thuciam Thak in zong Thuciam Lui
gensa thute mah a maan takpi ahihna na kipsak hi.

Thuciam Lui Kipsakna Kiciangtan

Mi pawlkhat in Jesuh pen mihing bangin hong piang ahih manin a pilna kiciang-
tan hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak kilamzia ama (Jesuh) ngaihsutna a gensawnnate
ah zong midangte bangin khial thei lua ding hi, ci uh hi. Tua bang zanzan upna a om
hangin Jesuh hong hilh thute pen upna siangtho leh kha thu tawh kisai hi-a, phuahtawm
tangthu leh pilna thu hi ziau lo hi. Upna peeng pawlkhatte in Jesuh mihing bang hong
pianna ah Amah tektek in na khempeuh theihna (Omiscience) nei lo hi. Jesuh tektek in a

40 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

genna ah Jesuh nihveina hong kum kik nading a ni leh a hun kuamah in thei lo hi (Mark
13:32), na cih ahih manin Jesuh pen Pasian hi thei lo hi, ci uh hi. Tua banah a teh niim
dildial thei kung khat a gah leh a gah loh hun zong thei lo hi (Mark 11:13). Luke in zong Jesuh
pen mite mah bangin a pilna khang (Luke 2:52) ahih manin Jesuh a kidong dotna tampi
dawng thei lo hi, ci uh hi (Mark 5:9, 30, 6:38, John 14:9). Hih thute hangin Jesuh in Thuciam
Lui hong kipatna hun leh a maanna, tangthu piang taktakte leh a kilamziate pen thei zo
lo ding hi, ci uh hi. Hih thute hangin Jesuh leh LST muanlahna hong nei uh hi. Tua ahih
manin, “Limitation Theory” hong piangkhia hi. A zenzen in hih ngaihsutna a maan takpi
hileh, Thuciam Lui thuneihna leh humuapna tawh kisai Jesuh hilhna thute pen a mawk-
na suak ding hi. Tua manin Thuciam Lui hoih takin sit tel (Examines) ding kisam hi. Jesuh
pen khatveivei mihing bangin thu tampi a thei lo tawh a kibat hun om hi. Tua bang ahih
zenzen hangin Jesuh pen Pasian ahihna, a theihtheihna, a thahatna leh ama theihtelna
kiciangtan lo hi (Late 147:5). Tua bang ahi zongin, Christ in pianzia nih a neih lam phawk
ding kisam hi. Ciangtan pilna leh a kiciangtan lo pilna nei hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Lui
thu tawh kisai Jesuh hong hilhna pen a khial thei lo takpi mah dingin a kisang ahi hi. Mih-
ingte bangin ama pilna kiciangtan hi mawk lehThuciam Lui tungah thuneihna nei thei lo
ding hi. Tua ahih manin in Thuciam Lui tawh kisai a gen khempeuh muanhuai mahmah
hi, cih LST in hong lak hi.

Jesuh in pilna hatna vaang khat nei zelzel hi. Mihingte bangin ama theihna leh
pilna kiciangtan tawh a kibat hangin Christ in pilna hatna vaang nei hi. Pilna hatna
vaang nei lo hileh, thuthuk tampi thei lo ding hi. Jesuh in Nathanael theikung nuai a om,
mit tawh a kigal muh bang dan hilo-in, a sung thu tel sinsen in mu hi (John 1:48). Samaria
numei nu ii a sung tawng thu khempeuh zong Jesuh in thei siang hi (John 4:17-18). Jesuh
in amah a kilehhek nading thu (John 6:64) leh Jerusalem khua sungah ama tunga thu-
piang ding khempeuh zong thei khol hi (John 18:4). Ama tungah a kigen ma-in, Lazarus’
sihna thu Jesuh in thei khin hi (John 11:14). Singlamteh tungah Jesuh a kithah nading leh
a thawhkikna ding thu, a piang ding teng gen khol thei hi (Mark 8:31, 9:31). Jesuh in pilna
hatna vaang a neih manin ngasa omna ding thei hi (Luke 5:4). Jesuh pen ama pianzia ah
a pilna a kiciangtanna mun a om hangin mihing pian ngeina khat thu theihna tawh ama
pilna tehpih theih ding lampi om lo hi. Jesuh in a thuhilhna peuhpeuh ah a picing khat
leh thuneihna a lian pen a nei khat bangin mite in thei hi. Pasian kiangpan thu a ngahte
bek pulaak ahih manin a pulaakhiat thute pen thuneihna lian pen leh a kicing pen hipah
hi. Jesuh in Matthew 11:27 sungah, “Ka pa in na khempeuh kei tungah hong ap khin zo hi”,
cih zong na pulaak hi. Van leh lei a mangthang zongin ka thu mangthang peuhmah lo
ding hi, ci hi (Matt.24:35). Jesuh in a nungzuite tungah sawlna lianpen a piak in “Van-
gtung leh leitunga om thuneihna khempeuh kei hong kipia zo hi…ci hi. Note kong piaksa
thute (Authority) khempeuh a zuih nading un, hilh un. Hun bei dongin note kong ompih
tawntung ding hi, ci hi (Matt. 28:18-20).

Jesuh in a paina peuh ah mihingte’ tunna ding mun thugen in nei den hi (Matt.7:24-
26). Ama kampau mah tawh ni tawp ni ciangin mihingte thu a kikhen nading zong gen hi
(John 12:48). “A maan takpi kong cihin ah” cih kammal pen gospel bu John sung bekbek

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 41

ah 25 vei kimu hi. Matthew 5:18 sungah zong, “A maan takpi kong cihin ah, van leh lei a
mangthang zongin thukham khempeuh deihna a tangtun khit mateng laimal neu khat
ahi-a, laimal themkhat nangawn ahi zongin a mangthang kei ding hi” ci hi. Jesuh in ama
kampau pen thukham tawh kizakimsak hi (Matt.5:18-21). Jesuh in ama thu in tawntung
nuntakna a piak lam gen hi (John 5:24). Jesuh in a thuhilh khempeuh Pa kiangpan ka
ngah thute hi, ci-in kamciam hi (John 8:26-28).

Jesuh pen mihing bangin leitungah hong nuntak hangin Pasian hihna zong nei
ahihna LST mun tampi ah kimu thei hi. Jesuh pen mite in bia uh hi (Matt.28:18, John 9:38).
Jesuh mihing takpi hileh kibia lo ding hi. Hih mun in Pasian ahihna hong langsak hi. Jesuh
in mihing bangin a theihna a kiciangtanna mun om ahih manin na khempeuh a theihna
kiseel a, a thei khin lo tawh a kibang bek ahi hi. Mihing khat tawh a kibat hangin Ama
pilna leh a thuneihna tawh a hilhkhiat thu khempeuh khialhna kimu lo hi. Tua ahih manin
Thuciam Lui LST pen Pasian’ humuapna leh Pasian’ kammal thuneihna nei kop a kigelh
ahihna kimu thei hi. Thuciam Lui genna bang up ding leh saan dingin muanhuai mah-
mah ahihna Jesuh in Thuciam Thak ah lim gen mahmah hi. Jesuh pen mihing bangin
ciangtan a kipiakna ah bangmah thuhilh lo hi. Gentehna in Jesuh hong pai kik hun ding
a ni, a kha, a kum cihte hilh lo hi. Tua bang ahih zenzen hangin thumaanna leh thuneihna
a hilhnate ah Ama hihna kiciangtan lo leuleu hi. Jesuh tungah hih theihna a kiciangtan-
na in mihing bang hong pianna kilangsak pen hi (Phil.2:5-6). Christ in a thuhilhna peuh-
peuh ah sepkhialhna leh theihkhialhna cihte nei lo hi.

Mihing bang lian in Jesuh hong piang ahih zenzen hangin a gamtat a luheeknate
ah paubaanna leh mawhna cihte nei lo hi (Heb.4:15). Thuciam Lui bu tektek in Pasian’
humuap laibu ahihna leh Pasian’ kammal thuneihna bu ahih lam a sung thu in kician
takin pulaak hi. Thuciam Thak in zong Thuciam Lui mah bangin LST a maanna pulaak hi.
Tua banah Jesuh tektek in Thuciam Lui pen Pasian kiang pan hong pai ahihna hilh hi. A
kisia thei lo, a khial thei lo, a piang thute up dingin a muanhuaina, a kiciatna leh Pasian’
thuneihna om ahih lam Jesuh in kipsak hi. Jesuh pen Pasian ahih manin Thuciam Lui
bute zong Pasian’ kammal ahih kul hi. Jesuh pen Pasian in sang i hih manin Thuciam Lui
zong Pasian’ kammal LST in kisang pah hi. Tua banah Pasian’ humuapna leh thuneihna
thu ah a ma gen bang lianin Christiante in kisanga, Thuciam Lui tawh kisai uplahna ding
leh muanlahna ding bangmah om kilkel lo hi.

Thuciam Thak Humuapna Thu

Thuciam Thak nungzuite leh kamsangte in Thuciam Lui humuapna tawh a kibangin
a laigelhte uh lungka het lo uh hi. Amau gelh laibute pen a siangtho a kikaikhawm lai-
bute hi-a, pawlpi masate in “Laisiangtho bu” in hawmkhia uh hi. Jesuh in Thuciam Lui
humuapna thu a gen bangin a nungzuite tungah Thuciam Thak zong kamciam na pia
khol hi. Jesuh in Thuciam Thak a piankhiatzia ding a kamciam piak bangin a tangtun-
na in Thuciam Thak muanhuaina lak bek thamlo-in, Pasian humuap laibu ahihna zong
lak hi. Khasiangtho in Thuciam Thak gelhte mapi-in lamlak hi. Nungzuite in pawlpi bulpi
Jesuh Christ’ thuhilhnate leh a thupiak bangin thuman thutak gelhkhia in a hawmkhiat

42 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

manun Thuciam Thak bu hong piangkhia hi. Hih in Jesuh kamciam a tangtunna ahi hi.
Jesuh in leitungah hong pai lai-in laibu khat zong gelh lo hi. Tua bang ahih hangin Thuci-
am Lui thuneihna (Authority) tawh gensawnna leh kipsakna nei hi. Thuciam Thak Pasian
humuapna tawh hong piang khia ding ahihna zong kamciam na pia khol hi.

Nungzuite tungah Jesuh thu teci tangko dingin Pasian’ thuneihna (Divine Author-
ity) a piakna thu zong Thuciam Thak sungah tamveipi kimu hi. Jesuh in ama nungzui
sawm leh nihte tungah “Vantung gam hong naita hi” cih thupuak hilh dingin sawlkhia
masa hi (Matt.10:7). Amaute Khasiangtho in lamlak ding cih kamciam pia hi. “Tua bang
thusitna a thuak dingin hong kipaipih ciangin, bang gen ding i hi hiam? ci-in lunghi-
mawh kei un. A hun hong tun ciangin na gen ding teng uh hong kihilh ding hi. “Thu na gen
uh ciangin note gen hilo-in na Pa uh Khasiangtho in note tungtawnin thu a gen ding ahi
hi,” ci hi (Matt. 10:19-20, Luke 12:11-12). Nungzuite thugente in amau ut tawm gen hi lo ahih
manun a thuhilhte uh Pasian’ kammal taktak ahihna hih LST mun in hong lak hi. Nung-
zui sawm leh nihte in Christ thu a hilh uh ciangin Khasiangtho in mapi-in lamlak ahih
manin manlang takin kizeel hi. Pasian kamciam pen nungzui sawm leh nihte tung bekah
kiciangtan hi lo hi. Jesuh in lungdamna thupuak dingin nungzui sawm sagihte sawlkhia
leuleu hi. “‘Pasian’ Ukna ding hun hong naita hi,” cih thupuak gen dingin kisawlkhia hi
(Luke 10:9). Jesuh in hih nungzuite kiangah, “Note thu a hong zui khempeuh kei thu a hong
zui hi-a, note thu a hong zuilote khempeuh, kei thu a hong zui lo ahi uh hi. Kei thu a hong
zuilote khempeuh pen kei a hong sawlpa thu a zui lo ahi uh hi, a ci hi (Luke10:16).

Nungzuite a hong ciahkik uh ciangin, “Topa aw, nangma min tawh dawite nan-
gawn ka hawlkhia zo uh hi,” ci uh hi (Luke 10:17-19). Hih LST mun in Thuciam Thak bu tungah
Pasian’ thuneihna om ahih lam kimu thei hi. Tua banah Pasian in nungzuite humuam
ahih manin a thugente uh nungta-a, dawite nangawn hawlkhia zo uh hi. Jesuh in Thu-
ciam Thak a kamciam piak a tangtunna zong ahi hi. Olive Mual tunga, a thuhilhna ah
Jesuh in a nungzuite kiangah a kamciam piak na kipsak hi. “Bang gen ding cih na ma
lunghimawh lua kei un,” ci-in hanthawn hi. Thu a hong gen ding pen note hilo-in, Kha-
siangtho ahih manin a hun tak ciangin na gen ding uh hong hilh ding hi. Khasiangtho
hong sawl peuhpeuh na gen ding uh hi, ci hi (Mark 13:11). Nungzuite’ thuhilh bulpite pen
Pasian kiang pan hong pai thute hi-a, Khasiangtho sawl bangin gen uh hi. Nungzuite in
a thugente uh amau ut tawm thu leh amau lungsimsuak bangin a gen ahih loh lam uh
Thuciam Thak sungah kimu hi. Nungzuite in Pasian’ Khasiangtho sawlna bang liante bek
gen uh ahih manun, a thugente un Pasian’ humuap ahihna teci hong lak hi. Jesuh in
a nungzuite tungah Khasiangtho makaihna tawh kisai kamciam nunung a piakna pen
Topa’ nitak annekna ah kician mahmah hi.

Jesuh in a nungzuite kiangah bang kamciam na pia hiam cihleh, “Pa in kei-
ma tangin a hong sawl ding huhpa Kha Siangtho a hong tun’ ciangin note tungah thu
khempeuh hong hilh ding a, note tungah ka hong gensa thu khempeuh zong hong
phawksak kik ding hi,” ci hi (John 14:26). Jesuh in hih lai mun ah a thuhilhte laibu in a
khum lohna a hang deihna bulpi kimu thei hi. Khasiangtho in Jesuh thu a za khempeuh a

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 43

phawkna khuak hatsak a, na khempeuh ah Christ hilhna bangin a nuntakpih nadingun
Khasiangtho in mapi-in lamlak hi. Tua ahih manin thumaan hong lak ding Khasiangtho
hong tun ciangin thu khempeuh a maan in hong hilh ding hi. Ama ngaihsut tawm thu
hong gen ding hi lo a, ama tunga kigen thute leh a hong tung ding thute a hong gen
ding ahi hi, ci hi (John 16:13). Christ in “Thumaan khempeuh” ahk “Thu khempeuh” a hilh
thute pen Khasiangtho humuap ahih manin nungzuite in midangte tungah Jesuh sawl-
na bangin a thuhilhte uhpen Pasian’ Khasiangtho humuapna ngahsa ahi hi. Jesuh in
nungzuite Sawlna Lian (The Great Commission) a piakna ah zong Thuciam Thak Gospel
bute in Pasian’ humuap ahihna kilangsak hi. “Mi khempeuh keima nungzuite suahsak
ding hi-a, note tungah ka hong gen thu khempeuh a zuih nadingun na hilh un,” ci-in Je-
suh in sawlna nunung pia hi (Matt.28:19-20). Amaute tungah vangtung ahi-a, leitung ahi
zongin, thuneihna khempeuh (Vangliatna) kong pia hi, cih kamciam hi (Matt.28:19-20).
Nungzuite thuhilhna khempeuh pen Jesuh in thuneihna a piak ahih manin a kammal
zatte un zong “Pasian’ kammal” ahi hi.

Tua ahih manin Christ kamciam piakte pen nungzuite in gen bel in nei uh hi. Christ
nungzuite in Jesuh kamciam leh kamvaikhakte mangngilh ngeilo uh hi. Pasian’ thuneih-
na tawh kisai Jesuh hilh bang lian in nungzuite in ka hilh uh hi, ci uh hi. Thuciam Thak gel-
hte in Jesuh hilh bang lian in a hilh a hih lam uh mun tampi ah kimu thei hi. Nungzuite in
Jesuh Christ thuhilh nasep zomsuak uha, amau thuhilhte in Thuciam Lui tawh a kizakim
ahih lam pulaak uh hi. Thuciam Thak laigelhte in Pasian’ thuneihna tawh gelh uh hi, cih
cian takin kimu hi. Tangthu siam Luke in Jesuh sep bang leh gen bang a nungzuite in
zomsuak ahihna hoih takin na ciamteh hi. Jesuh in a nasep a kipat tunga kipan vantun-
gah amah a kilaktoh ni dong, a thuhilhna leh a sepna khempeuh cingtakin ka gelh hi,
ci-in Luke in ciamteh hi (Sawlt. 1:1-2, Luke 1:3-4). Luke genkhiat thute in a maan takpi ahi
hi. Pawlpi masate in nungzuite thuhilhna bangin zui uh hi (Sawlt. 2:42). Paul in a thuhilh-
na ah zong Pasian’ kiangpan ahih lam kimu thei hi (Gal.1:11-12). Nungzuite’ thuhilhna leh
gennate zong Paul in Pasian’ kammal in na kipsak hi (Sawlt.15). Thuciam Thak pawlpi pen
sawltakte leh kamsangte in a phuhsa innkhuam tungah kilam innsuutpi (Pawlpi pianna
bulpi) Jesuh ahi hi (Eph.2:20, 3:5, Col. 1:26). Nungzuite in kam tawh ahi-a, lai tawh ahi
zongin a hilh uh thu khempeuh thuneihna a nei ahi hi (2Thess. 2:15).

Thuciam Thak bute pen maan takpi ahihna Thuciam Thak gelhte’ ciaptehna pan
in kimu thei hi. Hih nungzui sawm leh nihte in Jesuh nasepna leh a thawhkikna thute
amau mit tektek tawh a muhna uh kam tawh ahi zong, lai tawh ahi zong na ciamteh uh
hi (Sawlt. 1:21-22). AD kum zalom 1 na sungin Thuciam Thak bute a kigelh hi-a, nungzuite
gelh ahi hi. Jesuh nungzui lote in Thuciam Thak gelh lo uh hi. Nungzui James hong sih
ciangin (Sawlt.12:2) ama tangin nungzui dang kikoih lo hi. Nungzuite in amau a sih uh
ciangin a zalaih dingin upa (Elder) teelzaw uh hi (Sawlt.14:23). Hih bangin nungzuite a sih
ciangin a za laih ding a kikoihlohna in Jesuh nungzui taktakte bek thuhilhna nungta ding
cihna ahi hi. Thuciam Thak bu 27te sungah nungzuite thuhilhna khempeuh kiciangtan
ahih lam theihsakna zong hi-a, nungzui a hilote laigelh peuhmah Thuciam Thak bu sun-
gah kimawk khumsak lo hi cihna zong ahi hi.

44 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak nungzuite laigelhte bek Pasian’ humuap laibu ahk
Pasian’ thuneihna laibu in a kingaihsun ahi hi. Banghang hiam cihleh nungzuite leh kam-
sangte’ laigelh bute sung bekah thumaan kimu thei bek hi. A tomin cileng, nungzuite
thuhilh khempeuh in Khasiangtho lamlahna tawh kigelh cihna hi-a, Christ hong kamci-
am bang lian a hong piang LST ahi hi. Thuciam Thak sungah nungzuite thuhilhna a maan
taktakte bek kiciamteh hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Thak ah Christ thuneihna tawh a ki-
sawlte bek thumaan in kiciamteh ahi hi. Thuciam Thak Pasian humuap i cih mah bangin
Thuciam Lui bu tawh khinkhai ding kisam hi. Christ in nungzuite’ thuhilhnate humua-
pna tawh kigelh ahihna leh Thuciam Thak kigelhte sungah a tangtunnate in Thuciam
Lui genkholhnate a tangtung cih ziau bek hilo-in, Thuciam Thak zong Pasian’ humuapna
tawh a kigelh ahihna a kamciam ahi hi. Thuciam Lui khinkhai a kipsakna pen Thuciam
Thak in hong lak hi. Paul in Thuciam Lui pen Pasian’ humuapna tawh kisai ahihna (2 Tim.
3:16) sungah gen a, “Laisiangtho” ci hi. Peter in Paul laikhakte leh a dang LST te a kizakim
ahihna na gen hi (2 Pet. 3:16). Paul in Luke lungdamna thu bu na gensawn a, “Laisiangtho”
na ci hi (1 Tim. 5:18). Paul in Luke 10:7 siksan a gensawn kik ahi hi. Sawltak pa in ama laigelh
khempeuh leh LST thuneihna kizakim ahihna gen hi (1 Tim. 4:11, 13).

Hebrews bu pen a beisa hunin Pasian in kamsangte zangin, tuhun nunung lamah
eite hotkhiatna thu a tapa hong zang hi, cih gen hi (Heb. 1:2-3). Hebrews bu gelhpa in
“Topa tawh a masa” cih na pulaak masa hi. … A masa-in Topa mahmah in hotkhiatna
thu hong pulak a, tua thu a za mite in thuman ahihna thu eite tungah hong gen leuleu uh
hi, ci hi (Heb.2:3). Thuciam Lui sunga kamsangte bangin Thuciam Thak sungah Pasian’
thumaan hong kipatna pen sawltakte pan ahi hi. Pasian’ humuap Thuciam Lui bangin
sawltakte gelh laibute in Pasian’ humuapna leh thuneihna a kizakim ahi hi. Thuciam Lui
leh Thuciam Thak in “Kamsang laibu” zong kici thei hi. Peter in zong kamsangte laigelhte
pen Pasian humuapna tawh hong piang hi, na ci hi (2 Pet. 1:21). Thuciam Lui mah bangin
Thuciam Thak zong kamsangte gelh mah ahi hi. Johh in ama laigelh bu pen “Kamsang
bu” ahihna leh amah tektek kamsang khat ahihna na kigen hi (Mang.22:18-19). Thuciam
Thak ah sawltakte leh kamsangte a kibangin a kingaihsun hi-a, pawlpi suutpi zong ahi
uh hi, cih Paul in gen hi (Eph. 2:20). Paul in amah tektek laigelhte pen Jesuh Christ thu
ahi lungdamna thu leh tanglai-in a ki-imcip tu-in a kipholak thute hi-a, mi khempeuh in
Pasian’ um in a zuih theih nadingin tu-in kamsangte’ laigelhna leh a nungta tawntung
Pasian’ thupiakna tawh tua thu ki-imcip pen hong kiphok ta hi, ci hi (Rom. 16: 25-26).
Ephesians 3:3-5 sungah, “Tua a ki-imcip thute kei tungah Pasian in hong hilh khin zo hi.
Ka laigelhte na sim le-uh cin, Christ tawh kisai a thusim ka theihna thu na phawk ding uh
hi. A beisa hun ah tua thusim pen kuamah tung kigen lo a, ahi zongin Pasian in tu-in a
siangtho a sawktakte leh a kamsangte tungah Khasiangtho a hilhsak hi (Eph. 2:20).

Thuciam Thak laigelhte in Christ thusim ahi Thuciam Lui in a hilhkholh thute kam-
sangte’ laigelhte a pholaakhia ahi hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak a kibang hi-a, Pa-
sian’ gen thute kamsanna tawh a kigelhkhia tuak ahi hi. Thuciam Thak bute sungah Pa-
sian’ thuneihna tawh kisai a genna mun tampi om hi. Kiciantak leh khialhna a omloh
lam zong siangtakin gen sinsen hi. Gospel bu tektek in Christ thu tawh kisai Thuciam Lui

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 45

in a hilhkholhnate a tangtunna pen Pasian’ thuneihna om bangin gen hi (Matt.1:22, 2:15,
17, Mark 1:2). Christ tangthu a kitheih nadingin mi tampi in amau siamna zah ciat tawh na
gelh zo uh hi (Luke 1:1). John in hih laibu sungah a kigelh thute pen Pasian’ tapa ahihna
mite in a up theih nading uh leh Jesuh min hangin tua upna tawh nuntakna ngah theih
nading uh deihna tawh ka gelh ahi hi, ci hi (John 20:31). Hih ka tecipanna a maan ahi hi,
cih beh lap hi (John 21:24). Sawltakte Tangthu zong tangthu siam Luke gelh mah ahi hi.
Jesuh in a nasep a kipat tunga kipanin vantungah amah a kilaktoh hun ciangdong, a
thuhilhna leh a septe khempeuh cingtakin ka gelh hi. Ama sawltak dingin a teelsa mite,
Kha Siangtho tung tawnin thu a vaikhak khit ciangin vantungah amah kilato hi, na ci hi
(Sawlt.1”1). Thuciam Lui genkholhna thute a tangtunna zong gen lai hi (Sawlt.2 –Joel 2).

Sawltak Paul in Luke gospel bu LST bangin na gensawn hi (1Tim. 5:18). Luke in amah
tektek gelh Luke Gospel bu leh Sawltakte Tangthu bute ah Pasian’ thuneihna a kizom ahih
na leh Pasian’ thuneihna om ahih lam cian tak in kimu thei hi. Rome Laikhak- Philemon
bute in Pasian’ humuapna thu gen hi. Paul in Rome gam sung a laikhakna ah, “Pasian
kiang panin a hong pai Lungdamna Thu a hilh dingin Pasian’ teelna tawh sawltak ahi,
Jesuh Khrih’ sila keimah Paul in lai ka hong khak hi. Pasian in kamsangte tung tawnin hih
Lungdamna Thu a gensa hi a, LST sungah a omsa thu ahi hi. Tua thu pen eite’ Topa Jesuh
Khrih ahi, ama Tapa’ thu ahi hi… na ci hi (Rom. 1:1-3). Sawltakpa in 1 Corinthians pawlpite
tungah hi bangin lai na khak hi: “…Lai ka hong gelhte pen Topa’ hong thupiakna tawh a
gelh ka hi hi. 2 Corinthians bu a thupatna ah Pasian sawltak nasem khat ahihna thu lai
na khak kik hi (2 Cor. 1:1-2). Paul in a laikhakte sungah Pasian sawltakpa ahih takpina a
thugennate ah na lim gen mahmah hi (2 Cor. 10-13). Galatians laikhak in Paul pen Pasian’
theihpihna om ahih lam kihuutna lai na gelh hi. Pasian hong sawlna tawh sawltakna a
sem keimah Paul in Galati gam a om, pawlpi tuamtuamte tungah lai ka khak hi, ci hi (Gal.
1:1).

Tua banah Paul in sanggamte aw, keima hilh lungdamna thu pen mihingte tung
panin a hong kipan ahih lohna thu na theih nading uh ka deih hi. Mi khat peuh tung pan
ka ngah hi lo-a, mi khat peuh in zong hong hilh hi lo hi. Jesuh Christ in kei tungah a hong
lahna hang bekin hih thu a thei ka hi hi, ci hi (Gal. 1:11-12). Ephesians pawlpi a laikhakna
ah hi bangin na gen beh hi: “Lai ka hong khaksate sungah a tomno in kong gensa bangin
Pasian in ama thusim kei tungah hong hilh khin zo hi,” ci hi (Eph.3:3). Philippians pawlpite
tungah thuzuite nuntakzia ding vauhilhna nihvei na nei hi (Phil. 3:17; 4:9). Colosians pawl-
pite zong a laikhakna sungah Ephesianste a laikhak mah bangin Paul in ama sawltak
nasepna tawh kisai Pasian’ kiang pan sawlna ngah ahihna thu zong gen hi (Col.1:25). 1
Thessalonians bu sungah thuzuite a laikhakna ah, “Thu-ummi khempeuh zak dingin hih
lai na sim nading un, Topa min tawh ka hong thum hi,” ci hi (1 Thess. 5:27). 1 Thessalonians
2:13 sunga, a gensa thute a phawksakkikna ahi hi. “…Kote thugente pen Pasian thu taktak
ahih mah bangin kote thugen na zak uh ciangin mihing thu bangin ngaihsun lo-in Pa-
sian’ thu taktak mahin hong sang na hih manun, hih thute hangin zong ka lungdamna
uh ka hong ko uh hi,” ci hi. 2 Thessalonians 3:14 sungah zong hanthotna tawh thu na khum
hi. “Hih lai sunga ka hong gen thute uh a zui nuam lo mi khatpeuh a om leh, tua mipa lim-

46 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

takin ciamteh unla, amah a maizum theihna ding kikholhpih nawn kei un,” ci hi (2 Thess.
3:14). 1 Timothy thupuak in (1 Timothy 4:11, 13) sungah a cingin kigelh hi. “Kong gensa thute
na hilh sawn un. Keimah Paul ka hong pai matengin mipite mai-ah LST simna, a khiatna
genna leh hanthawtna ah tavuan na la in,” ci hi.

Sawltak Paul in ama laikhakte Thuciam Lui tawh a kikim in koih hi. Thuciam a nih
in kikhopna sungah sim khop ding thupiakna nei hi (Col. 4:16). Sawltak Paul tung panin a
ngahsawn zuih ding thute Timothy in hanthotna thuzui mite tungah na pia hi (2 Tim. 1:13).
Paul in, “Hih nasep kong guan hi” ci-in gen a, Pasian’ thuhilh ding kin ngaihsun in,” ci-in
Timothy tungah thupia hi (2 Tim. 4:1-2). Timothy mah bangin Paul in Titus tungah hi bangin
thupia leuleu hi: “…Hihte khempeuh hilh in, thuneihna khempeuh tawh hansuah inla, taii-
in, kuamah kisimmawhsak kei in,” ci hi (Titus 2:15). Philemon bu in thumsakna tawh kisai
leh itna neih nading Paul in a kalh thu ahi hi (Philemon 1:8, 9). Hebrews 2:3-4 sungah, “…
Topa in a genkhiat thute a zate in ei tungah a hong kipsak ahi hi,” ci hi. Christ, amau mit
mahmah tawh a mu sawltakte tungtawnin Pasian’ thuneihna siksan in a kigelh ahi hi. A
makaite un a phawk dingin Hebrews bu a simte tungah a kikhak lai ahi hi. “Note tungah
Pasian thu a hong gen, ni danga na makai masate uh pawk un. Amau nuntakna leh a si-
hziate uh ngaihsun unla, amau up bang upna na neih nadingun hanciam un (Heb. 13:7).
Hebrews gelhpa in a gen beh laina ah, “Sanggamte aw, hih ka hong gelh pen sau khol
lo ahih manin hih ka hong hanthotna thute lim takin na ngaih nading un, ka hong thum
hi,” ci hi (Heb. 13; 22). Topa’ sanggampa James (Gal.1:1) in Jerusalem pawlpi makaite tung
(Sawlt.15:13) leh leitung mun khempeuh ah kithehthang in a om minam sawm leh nihte
tungah hopihna lai gelh hi (James 1:1).

Peter masa bu in Jesuh Christ thu pen sawltak Peter tungtawnin a hong pai ahih-
na thu gen hi (1 Pet. 5:1, 12). 2 Peter bu zong Jesuh Christ sawltak leh nungzui ahi Simon
Peter tungtawnin hong piang thute kiciaptehna ahi hi (2 Pet. 1:11). Tanglai pek a kamsang
siangthote’ thugen kholhte leh note lakah sawltak nasemte in Topa leh Honpa’ thupiak-
te a hong gensawn uh thute na phawkkik nading uh ka deih hi,” ci-in a simte phawk
kik sak hi (2 Pet. 3:2). Jesuh thupiak leh nungzuite thugensawnte in Thuciam Lui sunga
kamsangte’ thugente tawh kibang cihna ahi hi. 1 John bu pen Jesuh thugen a za a mit
mahmah tawh a mu, hoihtak entel in a khut mahmah tawh a lawng kha nungzui John
gelh ahi hi (1John 1:1). Hih 1 John bu in thumaan leh thukhial sittelna gen diak in nei hi (1
John 4:1-2). Christ in note tungah Khasiangtho hong pia khin ahih manin note khempeuh
in a maan na thei uh hi (1 John 2:20). Nungzuite’ thugente pen Pasian kiang pan ahihna
kilang mahmah hi. Laigelhpa in Pasian’ tapa a um mite in nuntak tawntungna a nei na
hih lam tak uh na theih nadingun hih lai a hong gelh ka hi hi,” ci hi (1 John 5:13). 2 John leh
3 John bute a gelh a kibang hi-a, Jesuh nungzui khat a hi hi (2 John 1:5, 7; 3 John 1:9, 12).
Jude laikhak pen “Hotkhiatna thu tawh kisai-a upna huut theih nadinga kigelh laikhak
ahi hi (Jude 1:3). Mangmuhna bu pen Jesuh Christ tektek hong kilaakna ahi hi (Mang.1:1).
Thuciam Thak bute ah a tawpna laibu ahihna zong gen hi. “Topa ni” in Khasiangtho tawh
kidim in ka om laitak, ka nung lam ah pengkul aw ngaih mahmah ka za a, na muh thu
teng laizial tung khat ah gelh inla, pawlpi sagihte tungah khak in,” ci-in sawlna Pasian

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 47

kiang pan ngah hi (Mang.1:10-11). Pasian’ humuapna tawh kisai Mangmuhna bu sangin
laibu kicianzaw om lo ding hi. Pasian’ thukhenna tawh kisai khauh takin a gen Mang-
muhna laibu zong ahi hi. Thuciam Thak bu khempeuh Pasian’ kammal humuap laibu
hi-a, Thuciam Lui tawh thuneihna a kizakim ahi hi.

Thuciam Thak humuapna thu a kigen behna mun dangah zong na om hi. Thuci-
am Thak bute pen Pasian’ humuapna laibu hi, cih thu a gen teci kician om hi. Thuciam
Thak bu a sung thu tektek leh nungzuite’ nungzui ahi pawlpi makaite in Thuciam Thak
Pasian’ humuapna ahih lam teci kician na pulaakhia uh hi. AD kum zalom masa lamin
Thuciam Thak humuapna tawh kisai buaina om khol lo hi. Jesuh in kamsang zuau leh mi
kheem theite Ama min zangin hong om ding hi, cih na theisak khol hi (Matt.7:15, 24:10-15).
Thuciam Thak laibute khat leh khat a kigensawnkiknate in Pasian’ humuapna laibu leh
Pasian’ thuneihna laibu ahihna hong lak hi. Paul in zong Thessalonian pawlpite tungah
upna pial thuhilhnate in upna linglawngsak zuau lai zangin thu gen a om hangin patauh
loh nading na hanthawn hi (2 Thess. 2:2). John in zong thu-ummite hanthotna na pia hi.
Kha khempeuh um kei un. Pasian kiang pan hong pai maw, hong pai lo cih thu sittelna
bawl un, na ci hi (1 John 4:1). AD kum zalom masa lamin Christ thuhilhna maan leh hilhna
maan lo laibu kizeel mang khin hi (Luke 1:1-4). Tua ahih manin Thuciam Thak pawlpi hong
kipat khiat in hong tuam din pah hi. Hih hunin nungzuite’ gelh Thuciam Thak bute bek
Pasian humuap leh Pasian’ thuneihna a nei laibu bek in kisang hi.

Nungzuite laigelh a hi lo peuh mah Christiante in LST dingin sang zo lo hi (2 Thess.
3:17). Pawlp in Thuciam Thak laibu in a sim laibute (Reading books), a gensawn laibu
(Quotations), a kaihkhop laibu (Collected books) leh a hawmkhiat laibute (Circulated
books) bek “Pasian’ humuap laibu ahk kamsang laibu” in a kisang bek ahi hi. Jewte in LST
bu pen Sabbath ni-in a sim ngeina ahi hi (Luke 4:16). Thuciam Thak pawlpi in hih Jewte
zatzia zomsuak uh hi. Paul in, “Kei ka hong pai mateng mipi mai-ah LST simna, a khiatna
genna leh hanthotnate ah tavuan na la in,” ci-in Timothy vaikhak hi (1 Tim. 4:13). Colos-
sian pawlpi tungah “Hih laikhak no kiangah a kisim khit ciangin Laodicea khua a om
pawlpi mite zong na simsak unla, Laodicea pan a laikhak zong na sim leuleu un,” ci-in
Paul in laikhak hi. Thuciam Thak hunin biakinn sunga, a kisim laikhakte pen “Laisiangtho”
hi-a, pawlpi mite in Pasian’ thuneihna a nei laibu in a kipsaksa uh laibute ahi hi. Thuciam
Thak laibu Colossian pawlpi sunga, kihawmkhia laikhak in a thupi mahmah khat ahi hi.
Pawl khat ading kigelh ahih hangin pawlpi dang khat adingin zong a manpha mahmah
in a kingaihsun laibu ahi hi. Tua manin pawlpi dangte ah zong kihawmsawn pah hi.

Pasian’ humuap laibute pen Thuciam Thak bu a kiteisawn masa pen leh a kizuak
masa pen ahi hi. A kihawmkhia laikhak khat pen pawlpi dang khat ah LST khat bangin
Thuciam Thak pawlpite in na sim uh hi. Thuciam Thak hunin pawlpi tuamtuamte ah Thu-
ciam Thak LST pen a kisim leh a kihawmkhia bek hilo-a, a kikaikhawm a kikembit laibute
zong ahi hi. Sawltak Peter in LST pen a kikaikhawm leh a kikembit ahih lam zong hong
theisak hi. Peter in kaikhawm in a kepbit laibute pen Paul’ laikhakte hi-a, Thuciam Lui bute
bangin Pasian’ humuap laibu in a seh ahi hi (2 Pet. 3; 15-16). Ama kaihkhop laibute pen

48 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

Thuciam Thak pawlpite in Thuciam Lui tawh kisim khawm, kihawmkhia khawm leh kikem
khawm ahih manin Pasian’ humuap laibu in a kingaihsun ahi hi. Tua banah Thuciam
Thak bute a kigensawnnate in Thuciam Thak a muanhuaina lakkhia bek hi lo-in, Pasian’
humuap laibu ahihna zong teci hong lak hi. Thuciam Lui pen Thuciam Thak sangin sawt
kigelhzaw tham hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui a kamsangte gen thute
mun tampi manin gensawnna nei uh hi. Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui a gensawnnate
pen Pasian’ humuap leh Pasian’ thuneihna a nei lai bu in a kisang ahi hi. Paul in Gospel
Luke bu LST in a san manin 1 Timothy 5:18 sungah gensawnkikna nei hi. Nasemte in tha-
man san ding kilawm ahi hi, ci hi (Luke 10:7). Jude in 2 Peter 3:2-3 mun pen kician takin a
gensawnkikna ahi hi (Jude 1:17-18). Luke in ama gelh masak Sawltakte Tangthu bu siksan
in a gensawn ahi hi (Sawlt.1:1). John in amah tektek gelh Gospel bu siksan hi (1 John 1:1).
Paul in a dang laikhak pen Corinthians pawlpite tungah khak hi (1Cor.5:9). Hih bangin a
tunga gentehna i gente in Thuciam Thak Pasian’ humuapna kitehna dan hi-a, Thuciam
Thak pen Pasian’ humuap in kikipsak pah hi.

Thuciam Thak bu khat in gensawnkikna a neih loh hangin a bu dang khat in na
gen kik ahih manin Pasian’ humuap ahihna kilangsak mahmah hi. Hih a tunga i kantel
thute in Thuciam thak up dingin a muanhuaina leh Pasian’ kiangpan hong pai laibu tak-
tak ahihna hong lak hi. Pawlpi masate hunin pawlpi makaite in Thuciam Thak pen Pasian
humuap ahih lam na gensawn uh hi. Thuciam Thak bute a bu kimin pawlpi makaite
in zong Pasian’ thuneihna om ahihna kipsak uh hi. Hih pawlpi makai i cihte pen nung-
zuipite’ nungzuite hi-a, Thuciam Thak hun leh amau khang hun a kinai mahmahte ahi
uh hi. Hih pawlpi makaite pen laigelh siam in minthang mahmah uh hi. Thuciam Lui leh
Thuciam Thak ah Pasian’ humuapna kitat lo-in kizomsuak ahihna thu zong gen uh hi. A
khangkhangin Thuciam Thak a kipna thute teci na pang uh hi. Christian gamah khang
masa lamte in Thuciam Thak tawh kisai pawlpi makaite laigelhte siksanna tampi om hi.
Pawlpi makai masate leh pawlpi makai nunung lamte in Thuciam Thak tawh kisai gen-
sawna a neite pen a nuai-a bang ahi hi.

Psuedo-Barnabas Laikhak (AD 70-130): Hih Barbabas pen Paul tawh kithuah den dan
khat in kigen a, Matt. 26:31 sung siksan in gensawna nei hi. A nung lam ciangin Matt. 22:14
man leuleu in laigelh hi (Epistle of Barnabas 5:12-4:14).

Clement of Rome (AD 95-97): Clement of Rome in Corinthianste a laikhakna sungah
Gospel bute (Matthew, Mark, Luke) pen “Laisiangtho hi” na ci hi. A kammal zatna ah “Pa-
sian in ci hi” cih leh “Laisiangtho in ci hi” cih kammal a laigelhna sungah na lim zat mah-
mah hi.

Ignatius of Antioch (AD 100): Ignatius in laikhak 7 gelh a, tuate sungah Thuciam Thak
bute siksan mun mahmah hi. Thuciam Thak bute pen “Laisiangtho” na ci hi.

Polycarp (AD 110-135): Polycarp pen Mangmupa John nungzui khat hi-a, Philipian pawlpi
a laikhakna ah Thuciam Thak bute lim siksan mun mahmah hi. A thupatna a gelhnate
ah, “Laisiangtho in ci hi” ci-in Thuciam Thak gensawn kik hi.

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 49

Shepherd of Hermes (AD 115-140): Shepherd of Hermes bu pen Hermes ii mangmuh-
na thute kigelhna ahi hi. Hih a mangmuhna bu sungah Thuciam Thak bute siksan mun
mahmah hi.

Didache bu (AD 100-120): Hih Dichache bu pen “Nungzui sawm leh nihte thuhilhna” zong
kici hi. Thuciam Thak bute panin gensawnna mun tampi mah om hi.

Papias (AD 130-140): Papias in a laibu gelhna sungah Thuciam thak mun tampi mah ah
na gensawn a, Thuciam Lui tawh kisai zong Romans 3:2 gensawnna na nei hi.

Dionetus Laikhak (AD 150): Dionetus Laikhak sungah Thuciam Thak tawh kisai gensawn-
na tamveipi kimu hi. Thuciam Lui bute Pasian’ humuap hi ci-in a kisan mah bangin Thu-
ciam Thak bute zong pawlpi makaite in Pasian’ humuap laibu in kisang hi, ci hi.

Justin Martyr (AD 165): Justin Martyr in Gospel bute pen Pasian’ aw (Voice of God) na ci
hi. Humuapna a kipiak khit ciangin amau kampau tawh mihingte in lai gelhkhia uha, ahi
zongin Pasian in LST gelhte pen mapi-in lamlak hi, ci hi.

Tatian (AD 110-180): Tatian pen Justin Martyr ii nungzui khat hi-a, John 1:5 sunga “Lai-
siangtho” kammal siksan in laibu gelhkhia hi.

Irenaeus (AD 130-202): Irenaeus in a laigelhna ah, “Na khempeuh Pasian in nungzuite
tungah lungdamna (Gospel) pia a, ama nungzuite tungtawnin thumaan i thei thei hi. Hih
lungdamna thu nungzuite in gelh in tangkokhia hi. Tua khit ciangin eite tungah Pasian’
deihna om bangin LST sunga thute hong tung hi. Tua lungdamna thute pen i upna bulpi
leh khuampi ahi hi, ci hi

Clement of Alexandria (AD 150-215): Thuciam Nihte pen Pasian’ thuneihna a kibang
hi-a, Lasiangtho… thukham bute, kamsang bute leh Gospel bute pen na khempeuh hih
theihna a nei, Pasian’ thuneihna om hi, ci hi.

Tertullian (AD 160-220): Gospel bu 4 te pen nungzuite thuneihna bulpi hi-a, Pasian’ hu-
muap laibu ahi hi. Kha thu tawh kisai hi-a, Christian laibu dangte tawh kilamdang mah-
mah hi, ci hi

Hippolytus (AD 170-236): Amah pen Irenaeus nungzui khat ahi hi. Pawlpi makai khempeuh
lakah LST Pasian’ humuapna tawh kisai a khiatna a lim gen pen pa ahi hi. Thuciam Thak
laigelhte in amau siam tawmna tawh a gelh uh hilo-a, Pasian’ lamlahna bek tawh a gen
uh ahi hi, ci hi.

Origen (AD 185-254): Alexandria khua ah sia sem khat hi-a, LST Pasian’ humuap hi ci
hi. Pasian thuzui khat ciat in Khasiangtho humuapna ngah uh hi. Kamsangte leh Jesuh
nungzuite in zong Pasian’ humuapna mah a ngah uh ahi hi. Mi lui nuntakna sungah
Khasiangtho om thei lo hi. Christ hong pai nadingin kamsangte leh Jesuh nungzuite in
a tuam vilvel in humuapna ngah uha, LST khempeuh pen Khasiangtho makaihna tawh
gelh uh hi, ci hi.

50 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

Bishop Cyprian (AD 200-258): Thuciam Thak Pasian humuapna tawh kisai kipsakna Cy-
prian in na gen hi. Thuciam Thak bute pen “Pasian’ Laisiangtho” hi-a, Khasiangtho hong
piak ahi hi, ci hi.

Eusebius of Caesarea (AD 265-340): Amah pen pawlpi tangthu siam khat ahi hi. Thuci-
am Lui leh Thuciam Thak bute pen “Pasian’ humuap laibu” ahi hi, ci hi.

Athanasius of Alexanria (AD 295-373): Athanasius pen “Father of Orthodoxy” ci-in a
kithei khat ahi hi. Christ in Pasian hihna nei ahih lam a huu (Defense) mahmah khat hi-
a, Arius hilh khialhna langdo in a nial giap pa zong ahi hi. Athanasisu in “Thuciam Thak
Canon” cih kammal a zang masa penpen zong ahi hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak
bute pen Pasian’ humuap laibu hi, ci hi.

Cyril of Jerusalem (AD 315-386): Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak bute pen “Pasian’ hu-
muap Laisiangtho” hi ci-in gen hi. Thuciam Lui bu 22 LST in a khum khit ciangin Thuciam
Thak bu 26, Mangmuhna bu losiah khum hi. Hoih takin sittel in simpha ngiatngiat a, Thu-
ciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak thungen in apna nei hi. Mangmuhna bu pen kilunghimawh lai
hi. Hih LST sungah Apocrypha bute kiguang lo hi. Hih a tunga i suut khiat thute in Thuciam
Thak bute pen Pasian’ humuapna ahihna leh a thuneihna tawh Khasiangtho mapina
tungtawnin kigelh hi-a, Christiante adingin LST tawh kisai lunghimawhna ding bang mah
om lo hi. Laibu hoih dangte tawh zong tehkaak ban ding hi lo hi. Hih laibute tungah Pa-
sian’ bek in thunei ahih manin up leh zuih dingin muanhuai mahmah hi.

Laisiangtho Thuneihna

Tuhun ciangin thuneihna cih limlim kizadah in, thuneihna limlim kipaikhia nuam
hi. Tua mah bangin LST thuneihna zong kisang nuam nawnlo hi. Pasian a um lo thuthuk
ngaihsun mi pawlkhat in Pasian cih khawng, na lamdang cih khawng phuahtawm
tangthu hi-a, uptaak lo hi. Na khat peuhpeuh a hun zui a kikhel khel hi lel a, Pasian upna,
LST upna cih khawng zong hun khat lai-in, kisam phial hi taleh tu hunin kisam nawnlo hi,
ci uh hi. LST hong hilh ahi, Pasian hong kilaakna, thumaan thutak, thukham cihte pam-
paih uh hi. Mihingte kikhangto ta ahih manin Pasian zong kisam nawnlo hihang ci uha,
mihing tungah zong kuamah om tuan lo-in, mihing mah a sangpen hi lel i hih manin i ut
bangbang, hoih i sak bangbanga nuntak ding ahi hi, ci uh hi. Amaan a khial zong mihing’
khentat ding hi, ci uh hi. Hih thu pen up khialhna khat ahi hi. Lucifer, Adam leh Evete in tua
bang lungsim a neih manun mawhna sungah puk uha, siatna sung a tung uh ahi hi.

Mihingte in bangbang ngaihsun taleh a piangsakpa Pasian in a piansak nate
tungah thu nei hi. Leitung leh ni, kha, aksite tungtawn ahi zongin, leitung tangthute pan
ahi zongin, mihingte’ lungsim tawng theihna pan ahi zongin, Pasian a om taktak ahihna
leh a theihna hong lak den hi (Rom.1:18-20, 2:12-15). Pasian a om lam leh Pasian thuneihna
hong lak kician penin LST ahi hi. LST in Pasian pianzia leh Pasian deihna, mihing nuntakna
ii deihna, Pasian in mite ading a geelna leh khalam thu omzia kicing takin hong hilh hi.
Mimal khat, minam khat, gam khat, bang hun ciangin bang ci bangin Pasian in thukhen
cih zong LST sungah kimu thei hi. Tua huhau in, LST thupi koih maw ahk thupi koih lo cih

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 51

thu in mihingte nuntakna leh khantohna tampi sukha hi. Tua ahih manin LST thuneihna
nialna in kha thu bek hi lo-in, leitung nuntakna leh mihing khantohna mahmah zong
siasak ahihna phawkhuai mahmah thu ahi hi. A diakdiakin, Christian upna leh zuihna ah
mihingte’ mawk ngaihsut thute peuh siksan ding hi lo-a, LST mah bulphuh lianpen leh
thuneihna sangpen a koih ding ahi hi. LST thuneihna nialna pen LST khial thei hi cih upna
pan a gahkhia ahi hi.

Pasian’ kammal LST thuneihna tawh kisai Christiante sungah a kibuaipih mah-
mah thu khat ahi hi. Hun khat lai-in Rome pawlpi pen LST tungah thuneihna a lianpen hi,
kici uh hi. Tua manin LST upkhialhna hong piang hi. Kum 3000 val bang Jewte in Thuci-
am Lui buppi LST in sang hi. Tua banah Christiante in zong Thuciam Thak bu khempeuh
Thuciam Lui tawh a kizomsuak LST khat in kisang hi. Hoih takin LST thu a kikan tel ciangin
Pasian’ kam panin LST hong piangkhia ahih manin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak kikhen
thei lo hi (John 10:35). LST tungah Pasian bek in thuneihna nei thei hi. Mihing thuneihna
pen tawmvei bek hi-a, Pasian thuneihna pen a tawntung ahi hi. Mihingte’ thuneihna leh
Pasian thuneihna tehkaak leng, Pasian’ thuneihna pen a tawntung pan tawntung ahi hi
(Pai. 3:14, Late 90:2). Pasian pen piangsak pa ahih manin a piansak khempeuh tungah
Amah a lianpen a thunei pen hipah hi (Isai.40: 25-28, 45: 18). Amah bek in hong hon thei hi
(Isai.43:10-12). Tua ahih manin LST tungah leitung leh vantungah a thunei pen Pasian bek
om hi (Matt.18:18). LST tungah thunei pen pawlpi khat peuh, mimal khat peuh, kipawlna
khat peuh hizenzen lo hi. Pasian in a thuneihna amah tektek in hong gen hi. Bang hang
hiam cihleh Pasian sangin a lianzaw kuamah om lo hi. Tua ahih manin Pasian’ kammal
LST thuneihna tawh Jesuh in Satan na zo hi (Matt. 4:4, 7, 10).

LST pen Pasian kammal hi-a, Pasian’-a’, ahi hi. Tua manin LST tungah a thunei pen
Pasian hipah hi. Pawlpi khat peuh, kipawlna khat peuh thuneihna tawh LST behlap leh
paihkhiat theih hi lo hi (Thkna 4:2, 12:32, Mang.22: 18-19, Pau.30:5-6, Matt. 22: 29). Laigelh
khat in ama laigelh tungah a thuneih mah bangin LST a gelh Pasian zong Ama kammal
LST tungah thuneihna sangpen a nei Pasian mah ahi hi. Pasian in LST kamsangte leh
sawltakte zangin Khasiangtho humuapna tawh kigelh ahih manin LST in thuneihna nei
hi. Pasian thuneihna leh LST thuneihna a kikim ahi hi. Banghang hiam cihleh Pasian’ sawl
bangin a kigelh LST ahi hi. Puahphate in Jesuh leh a nungzuite in a letkip bangin LST thu-
neihna a lianpen in koih uh hi. Rome Bishopte in Pasian’ kammal deih bangin kawikaihna
leh hilhkhialhna pawlpi sungah hong khan mahmah manin pawlpi thuneihna a lianpen
in kikoih hi, ci uha, LST Thuciam Lui Apocrypha bute hong behlap uh hi. A taktak in LST pen
ut bangin behlap leh paihkhiat theih ahih loh lam LST in a gensa ahi hi. Hih pawlpi ngeina
tuamtuamte hangin LST kineuseek ahih manin pawlpi puahphatna hong piang hi. John
Wycliffe (1329-1384) in upna leh upna thukhun (Faith & Doctrine) siksan pen LST bek hi
ding hi, ci hi.

Martin Luther (1483-1546) in pawlpi leh LST thuneihna kikaal buaina a om laitak in
LST bek thuneihna lianpen ahi hi, ci hi. John Eck (1486-1542) tawh Martin Luther in LST thu
kinialna a neih un “Pawlpi Council thuneihna leh Pope thupiakna” sangin LST thuneihna

52 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

sangzaw hi, ci hi. Siangtho pawlpi makaite hilhna nial hi, ci-in June, 1520 kumin Luther’
thuhilhna kimawhpaih hi. Martin Luther in “Leitungah upna leh upna thukhun (Faith &
Doctrine) dingin LST bek hi-a, lai kigelh khempeuhte ii to leh topa ahi hi. LST ahi bangin i
san keileh LST hoihna bang ding himawk hiam? LST deihna nial semsem leng, a khial thei
mihingte bawl tawm laibu leh makaite thu kimang nuam hi. LST bek (Sola Scriptura) bek
nuntakna sungah siksan ding ahi hi, ci hi. Diet of Worms ah Emperor Charles V mai-ah
Martin Luther in, LST in ka lungsimtawng sia leh pha khen-teltheihna dingin hong man
hi, ci hi. LST bek pen upna leh upna thukhun (Faith & Doctrine) hong pianna bulpi hi, ci-in
gen kikkik hi. Urich Zwingli (1484-1531) in zong LST in Pasian’ kammal ahih manin kician in
khial ngeilo hi. Khuamial sungah lampi kiciansak in hong mawk nutsiat lo hi. LST amah
leh amah in a thumaanna hong hilh hi.

Mihingte hotkhiatna leh hehpihna kicing ngah nadingin hong lawpsak leh lam-
vaak hong tan ahi hi, ci hi. LST tungah Pasian’ thuneihna a om manin LST genkholhnate
hong tangtung hi. Hih genkholhnate a tangtunna in LST thumaanna leh Pasian thumaa-
na hong lak hi. Christian pawlpite in kamsangte’ laigelhte leh sawltakte laigelhte siksan
in pawlpi lam uh hi. Tua ahih manin pawlpi hong pian ma-in, LST om khin hi. Hih in ka
dinpih upna ahi hi, ci-in John Calvin (1509-1564) gen beh lai hi. LST pen Pasian kiang pan
hong kipan ahih manin LST thuneihna zong Pasian’ a’ ahi hi. LST tungah thuneihna sang-
pen Pasian cihna hi-a, LST thuneihna leh Pasian thuneihna a kizakim cihna zong ahi hi.

Laisiangtho A Khialhlohna

Tu hun ciangin mi pawlkhat in leitung tangthu, nate thu (Science) leh mihing
lunggeel tawm thute siksan in LST khial thei hi ci uh hi. Ahi zongin, LST Pasian humuap hi
ci-in i san nakleh LST khial peuh mah lo hi cih thu kisang thei pah hi. Mihing pawlkhatte
in Pasian ahi zongin, Jesuh Christ ahi zongin, a um bang danin om napi uh LST um nuam
het lo uh hi. A tak takin tua mite in Jesuh zong a um lo ahi uh hi. Banghang hiam cihleh,
Jesuh in LST um in thupi koih mahmah hi. Tua banah LST um lo napi Jesuh um cih bang
zong a om thei ding hi lo hi. Jesuh thu i theih khempeuh mihing a hong pianna, a nasep-
na, hong sihna, a thawhkikna, hong paikikna ding cih thute mun dang panin i theih hi lo-
in, LST pan a, i theih ahi hi. Mi pawlkhatte in amau deih LST mun teng um in a dangte um
lo uh hi. Ei deih teng bek a maan hi-a, ei deih lohte a khial hi i cih theih nadingin bang thu
siksan ding i hi hiam? I up keileh zong a vekpi mahin up loh siang ding hi-a, i up leh lah
a vekpi mahin um pah vet leng vai siang pah hi. Frank E. Gaebelein in a cih mah bangin,
LST pen Pasian humuap ahih manin khial lo hi. Thuneihna tawh kidim a, muanhuai zong
muanhuai hi, ci hi. Lutheran LST siam Francis Pieper in zong LST a khiallh-lohna leh a thu-
neihna pen Pasian humuap ahih man hi ci hi.

J.I. Packer in, LST khial lo hi i cih ciangin (1) LST kipatna bulpi Pasian ahihna leh
(2) Pasian thumaanna leh Pasian muanhuainate kipsakna ahi hi, ci hi. J.I.Packer ma-
hin LST Thuciam Lui pen Jesuh Christ, sawltakte leh pawlpi masate in a muanhuaina
leh a thuneihna na kipsak uh hi, ci hi. LST Thuciam Thak pen LST Thuciam Lui tangtunna
ahih manin a muanhuaina leh a thuneihna zong LST Thuciam Lui mah tawh a thuneihna

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 53

kibang hi, ci-in na gen hi. Upna peeng mi pawlkhat in LST in kha thu a gen ciangin khial
lo-a, ahi zongin, leitung thu, nate thu a gen ciangin khial hi, ci mawk uh hi. Tua a gen thu
uh pen maan peuh mah lo hi. Bang thu bang thu gen taleh LST khial ngeilo hi. A khialhna
zong kuamah in kawkkhia thei tuan lo hi. Et pak a, a khial tawh a kibangte zong cian takin
kan tel lehang a khial na hi lo hi. LST pen tangthu bu, gam thu bu leh nate thu bu hi lo hi.
Ahi zongin, hih thute a gen khak ciang nangawn in khial tuan lo hi. LST khial ngei lo hi.

LST a langpangte in LST pen khialhna tul tampi tawh kidim hi, ci uh hi. Orthodox
Christiante in a khangkhang in LST a khialhna om peuh mah lo hi ci uh hi. LST Pasian
kamsangte’ gelhcilna (Autographs) ah khialhna om vet lo hi. LST pen Pasian kammal
ahih manin khialhna om thei lo hi. Banghang hiam cileh LST bulpi ahi, Amah a khial
thei lo Pasian ahih man ahi hi. Pasian thumaan in a gen thute zong thumaan ahih leh
ama kammal LST zong a maan kul hi. A nungta tawntung Pasian ahih manin a genthute
khempeuh a maan ahi hi. Ciangtan nei lo a kicing, na khempeuh a thei Pasian in khialh-
na peuh mah bawl ngeilo hi. Hebrews 6:18 sungah, “Pasian zuau thei lo, zuau thu zang lo”
ci hi. Paul in, Titus 1:1-3 sungah, “Pasian zuau lo hi” ci hi. Eite in i cihtak loh hangin amah
(Pasian) citak veve hi. Amah leh amah kinial thei lo hi, ci hi (2 Tim.2:13). Pasian in thumaan
(Jhn 14:6) ahih manin a kammal zong thumaan thutak hi pah hi (Jhn 17:17). Laphuakpa in,
“Na kammal khempeuh thumaan hi” na ci hi (Late 119:160).

Jesuh in Thuciam Lui (LST) pen Pasian’ kammal a khial ngeilo na ci hi (Jhn 10:35).
“Van leh lei a mangthang zongin thukham khempeuh (LST) a tangtun khit mateng laimal
neupen khat ahi-a, laimal them khat nangawn ahi zongin a mangthang kei ding hi” ci-in
Jesuh in gen beh hi (Matt.5:18). Sawltak Paul in zong a gen behna ah, “LST pen Pasian in
humuam hi” (2 Tim.3:16-17) na ci hi. Pasian kam sung panin hong pusuak thu khempeuh
nungta hi (Matt.4:4). Mihing lam panin LST a kigelh ahih hangin amau lunggulhna leh
deihna thu peuh gelh in hong patkhiat uh hi lo hi. Genkholhna thute in mihing deihna
bangin hong piang hilo-in, Pasian’ misiangthote in Khasiangtho sawlna bangbangin a
gelh uh ahi hi (2 Pet.1:21). Jesuh in biakna makaite tungah, “…Note in tanglai ngeinate zui-
in, Pasian’ thu (LST) na nawl khin uh hi, ci hi (Mk.7:13). Jesuh in a kigelh Pasian’ kammal a
kithupi ngaihsut semsem ding a deih manin (Matt.4:4, 7,10) te sungah, “LST sungah kigelh
hi” na ci kik kik hi. Thuciam Thak sungah “LST sungah kigelh hi” cih laimal mun 90 val ah
om hi. Hih kammal in LST tungah Pasian’ thuneihna om ahih lam kician takin hong lak hi.

Pasian’ thumaan (LST) a kip a kho ahihna sawltak Paul in Romans 9:6 sungah na
gen hi. Hebrews bu gelhpa in zong, “Pasian’ kammal in a nungta leh a vanglian hi-a, lang
nih a hiam namsau sangin hiamzaw hi. Lungsim leh kha, guh leh taang leh guhngek-
te pailet in khentel a, lungsim ngaihsutna leh tupna ngimnate zong a thei tel hi, ci hi
(Heb.4:12). Tua ahih manin LST khial thei lo hi. Pasian in khial thei lo ahih leh LST ahi Pasian
kammal in khial thei lo ding cihna hipah hi. Pasian pen pau awk gawp in a thugente a
kitel lo cih bang hi lo hi. A kampaute kician in thumaan hi. Thumaanna a nei Pasian in
thumaan kammal LST eite tungah hong piak ahi hi. LST sungah thumaan lo, zuau thu leh
phuahtawm thu kihel kilkel lo hi. Hi bang i gen ciangin LST ei adingin thu haksa om lo hi,

54 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

cihna hi lo hi. A thupai zia a tel hak LST munte om thei mah hi. Ahi zongin a haksa munte
Pasian’ mite in a kankhiat ciangun LST in a khial lo ahih lam mukhia uh hi. Bangbang
hiam cihleh Pasian in a khial thei lo Pasian hi-a, ama kammal (LST) zong a khial thei lo
cihna ahi hi. A khial lo LST i cih ciangin LST in thumaan bek gen a, khialhna om peuh mah
lo cihna ahi hi. Ipsim leh uanggen tuam nei lo-in LST in ahi bang lianlian in thugen ahih
manin khial thei peuh mah lo hi. Hih mun ah khialhna om lo i cih ciangin a kigelh masa
(Original Autograph) pen a gen i hi hi. Upna tawh kisai, tangthu tawh kisai, gam thu tawh
kisai, nuntakna tawh kisai, kikhalna tawh kisai, bang thu bang thu ahi zongin LST in a gen
nakleh a khial om ngeilo hi. A khial lo LST thu tawh kisai a tel nop dingin hilhcianna i en
ding hi.

Laigelhzia/Laipaizia Kihel Lo

A khial lo i cih ciangin laigelhzia a tuamtuamte kihel lo hi. Bang hang hiam cihleh
ngabeng John in aman hihna tawh kituak in gelh a, siavuan Luke in zong amah dan tawh
kituakin kammal thuk theithei a zat mah bangin, sawltak Paul in zong pilna sang mah-
mah tawh na gelh hi.

Genzia Tuamtuamte Kihel Lo

A khial lo i cih ciangin thupiang pawlkhat genzia kibanglote hi lo hi. Gentehna in
“Topa Jesuh leitungah a omlai in Aramaic pau na zang a, Ama thugente a kiciaptehna
lai pen Greekte lai ahih manin genzia a neng a tawngin na kibang lo hi. Bangbang ahi
zongin a thuguipi, a thupaipi bel kibang veve hi.

Laimal Kibang Lote Kihel Lo

Aramaic kamin a kipaukhiate pen Greek lai-a kigelhkhia ahih manin laimal ki-
zangte zong kibang lo ding cih theihsa hi. Tua bek thamlo-in, Thuciam Thak LST a kigelh
laitakin Thuciam Lui LST zong kizang zel a, LST Lui bup lah a khut sung uah om den lian lo
ahih manin laimal zat kibang linlian thei lo ding cih zong ahi ding mah ahi hi.

Laimal Gualhzia Kihel Lo

Manglai paizia ah, “Keimah in kongpi ka hi hi” (Jn.10:9) leh “Keimah in tuucingpa
ka hi hi” (Jn.10:9) a cihpen bang a tel hak simsim gen kaakna hi napi, Greek leh Hebrew
lai paiziate ah na tel baih mahmah ahih manin buaihuai lo hi.

A Tel Hak Munte Kihel Lo

LST sungah mun 100 val in LST pen Pasian humuap ahihna teci kician genna om
hi. Banghang hiam cihleh a sung a thute kitukalh ngeilo hi. LST sunga thu pawlkhat pen
thuk pha mahmah a, mihing’ ngaih sutna tawh tel zawh ding hi lo hi. Tuhun ciangin leis-
ung kito kikkik a, tua panin a kimu kik vanluite tungtawn leh ni dang lai kampaute kanki-
kna tungtawn panin tua bangin a tel hak thute pen damdamin kitel thei ta hi. Tua ahih
manin tua bangin a tel hak thute hangin LST a khial hipah zenzen lo a, ei mihingte in i tel
nai loh man hizaw hi.

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 55

A Kitukalh Kihel Lo

A taktakin LST sunga thu pawlkhat a kitukalh thu omlo-a, a kilehbulh tawh a
kibang pak bel om hi. Gentehna in, “Jesuh kiangah galkap ukpa khat in, kei kilawm keng”
(Matt.8:5-13) a cihpen (Lk.7:1-10) ah “…amah kilawm…” na kici hi. Hih pen upate lak a khat
ahk galkap upa khat pai masa zaw cihna hilel hi. A thupiang pen a kibang ahi hi. A kh-
ial lo LST i genna ah hih thute kihel lo hi. “Khialh theihna” pen mihing pianzia hi-in, khi-
alh theihlohna pen Pasian pianzia ahi hi. Pasian’ pianzia leh mihing pianzia kibang lo hi.
Pasian pen na khempeuh a omsak pa hi-in, mihingte pen Pasian’ bawl tawm kihi-ahih
manin Pasian pen khial thei ngiat lo cihna ahi hi. LST khialh theihlohna pen a gelhpa Pa-
sian tungah kinga hi.

Pasian pen mawhna a nei lo Pasian ahih manin khialhna nei lo a, LST ama kam-
mal zong khialhna om lo hi. Piancilna pan Mangmuhna dong a vekpi-in Pasian humuap
ahi hi. E.J.Young in, “LST khialh theihlohna i cih ciangin LST pen Pasian kammal ahih manin
khialh theihna tawh kipelh hi. Thumaan thutak hong hilh in, a vekpi-in tupna kikhat uh
hi” ci hi. Charles C.Ryrie in, “Pasian pen a tawntungin maan hi (Rom.3:4), LST pen Pasian’
kammal hi (2 Tim.3:16), tua ahih manin LST pen khialhna a om thei ding hi lo hi” ci hi. Tua
banah Wayne Grudem in, “LST khialh theihlohna” i cih ciangin a kipat cil a Pasian kiang-
pan a kigelh laimalte bek genna hi-a, tua Pasian’ lah thute tawh a kilehbulh thute pen LST
sungah kigawm thei lo hi. LST in thumaan thutak gen hi” na ci hi. LST a khialh theihlohna
mimal leh kipawlnate muhzia zong a nuai ah i suutsuk lai ding hi.

Nicea Upna Pulaakna (AD 325)

Nicea khua ah pawlpi makaite in Council a neih un, LST pen a khial thei lo Pasian’
kammal ahihna pomcip bikbek uh ahih manin thu khat peuhpeuh tungah LST bek bul-
phuh uh hi.

St. Augustine (AD 354-430)

“LST Pasian’ kammal bek zahtak dingin ka kisin a, LST gelhte pen mihing ahih
hangin Pasian in khialhna leh zuauthu gensak lo hi cih ka um hi. Hih laibute sungah thu-
maan thutak tawh a kileh bulh om hi cih ka muh khak leh zong Pasian’ khialhna om lo-in
keima khialhna leh a tei kik mihingte khialhna hizaw hi” ci-in hi bangin na gen hi.

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Pawlpi upna puahpha Martin Luther in, “LST pen a vekpi-in Pasian’ kammal ahih
manin khialhna cihte om lo hi. Pasian khial thei lo ahih manin LST zong khial thei lo hi.
Tua hi-a, LST bu khat leh bu khat, mun khat leh mun khat, gual khat leh gual dang khat
kitukalhna cihte zong om thei lo hi. Pasian in gentehna a tuamtuam leh eite tel zawh loh
phial ding kammal tuamtuam zang ahih manin a deihna khempeuh a kitel zo lo hi bek a,
Pasian in Amah i tel zawh nadingin hih LST tawh hong kilaak hi” ci-in na gen ngei hi.

56 | LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU

John Calvin (1509-1564)

Piantit gam pawlpi puahpha John Calvin in, “LST pen a nungta Pasian theih nad-
ing leh Pasian kiang i zuatna dingin hong makaih leh i sia hoih pen ahi hi. Ama piansak
sa vantung leitung leh nate in Pasian itna leh Jesuh hong hotkhiatna tawh kician takin
hong hilh lo ahih manin Pasian in kician tak a, Amah i theih nadingin LST tawh hong hopih
hi. LST pen a siangtho mahmah Pasian gelh ahi hi. LST om keileh, mi khempeuh mawhna
sungah kipuk cip dinga, Pasian gal hihna tawh kinitum ding hi. Pasian piansak nate in
hong hilh theih loh Pasian hong itna leh Pasian geelnate LST bekin hong hilh thei hi.

LST pen Khasingtho makaihna tawh kigelh hi-in, thuneihna pen eite tungah om-
lo-in, Pasian tungah a om hi-a, ama manphatna pen pawlpite thukhenna tungah zong
kinga lo hi. LST thuneihna pen Pasian vangliatna tungah kinga in pawlpi tungah kinga lo
hi. Pawlpi tunga thunei pen Pasian leh ama kammal bek ahi hi. Pawlpi pen LST tungah
kilam hi. LST in amah leh amah in thuneihna leh vangliatna nei hi. Pasian kammal LST
sangin a thupizaw om lo hi” ci-in John Calvin ama upna na gen hi.

England Pawlpi Upna Pulaakna (AD 1571)

AD 1571 kumin England gamah England pawlpite in upna laigil kaihkhopna nei
uha, tua sungah thului 39 tawh kisai kikum uh hi. Hih upna laigil kaihkhopna leh pulaakna
sungah LST pen hotkhiatna ngah nadingin kicing a, khialhna omlo-in, eite kha lam bek
hilo-in cilesa phattuam nading vive hi-a, hih LST pen Pasian kammal hi-in, eite tungah
thunei pen ahi hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak (LST) pen Pasian’ humuapna tawh kigelh
hi-a, eite kha mit hong vaksak hi” ci uh hi.

Westminister Upna Pulaakna (AD 1643)

AD 1643 kumin Westminister ah upna pulaakna leh upna laigil kaihkhopna nei uh
hi. Hih thukikupna sungah LST a thupi pen (a masa pen) in koih uh hi. Pasian in a piansak-
nate ahi vantung leh leitung, a sunga om nate tawh Ama omna thu hong lah hangin
Pasian pianzia leh Pasian hong itna kitel zo lo ahih manin Pasian in LST tawh eite tungah
hong kilangkhia hi. LST pen hotkhiatna i ngah nadinga Pasian hong piak letsong ahi hi.
Pasian maan i theihna ding leh Pasian lungsim i theihna dingin Pasian in ama kammal
tawh hong hopih hi. LST tungtawn in ei leh ei kitheihna leh Pasian maan theihna piang hi.
Pasian in ama kammal LST zangin hotkhiatna lampi ah hong paipih hi. Pawlpi tangthu i
suut ciangin thuzui mi masate in zong LST pen Pasian kammal taktak ahihna leh Pasian
hong hopihna ahih lam um ciat uh hi. Pawlpi masate ahih leh Pasian in tuni leh tuhun
adingin khaici bangin na koih a, amaute upna leh eite upna pen a taktak ahihna leh
lampi maan ahihna zong hong lak hi, ci uh hi.

New Hampshire Baptist Pawlpi Upna (AD 1833)

AD 1833 kumin New Hampshire a Baptist pawlpite in upna pulaakna leh pawlpi
upna laigil kaihkhopna nei uha, a masa pen leh a thupipen in LST ahi hi, ci uh hi. LST pen
Pasian in mihingte zangin gelh a, hih laibu pen Pasian in eite tunga thu hong hilhna leh

LAISIANGTHO PASIAN’ HUMUAPNA THU | 57

thu hong genna ahi hi. Hih laibu pen Pasian kiangpan hi-in, i neihsa khempeuh lakpan
a manpha pen ahi hi. Pasian Khasiangtho ukna tawh kigelh ahih manin khialhna cihte
om thei lo hi. Thumaan leh zuau thu i khinkhai nadingin LST zat ding ahi hi. LST pen pawlpi
tungah thuneipen hi-a, hotkhiatna lampi hong hilh hi. LST pen Pasian’ hong hopihna hi,
ci uh hi.

Baptist Pawlpite Upna (AD 1925)

AD 1925 kumin USA gam a Southern Baptist kipawlna in upna pulaakna leh upna
laigil kaihkhopna nei uha, LST tawh kisai kikum masa pen uh hi. Baptist pawlpi in LST pen
mihing gelh ahih hangin Pasian humuapna tawh kigelh hi-a, khialhna omlo-in, hotkhi-
atna lampi hong hilh dingin kicing hi. LST pen Pasian in eite tungah thu hong hilhna hi-in,
Pasian theihna maan hong guan hi. Pasian in ama kammal tawh tuni-in eite tungah thu
hong gen hi. LST pen Pasian hong kilaakna leh hong hopihna sungah a tawpna leh a
nunung pen ahi hi. LST pen pawlpi tunga thuneipen hi-a, a vekpi-in Pasian kammal hi-in,
eite nuntakpih ding ahi hi, ci uh hi.

Chicago Ah Laisiangtho Kihilhna

AD 1978 kumin Chicago, USA ah LST khialh theihlohna ci-in upna laigil pulaakna
khat kinei hi. Hih upna pulaakna ah LST kibulphuh in tuhun pawlpite adingin LST thuneih-
na mah thupi penpen hi. Jesuh Christ a um khempeuh in Pasian kammal tawh kituak in a
nuntak ding leh LST hong sawlna khempeuh i zuih ding a thupi pen ahi hi. LST in i sungah
upna hong guan in i upna hong kicingsak hi. LST pen eite makai leh eite tunga thunei pen
hi-a, LST hilhna pan paikhialhna pen Pasian kiangpan lam pialna ahi hi. LST pen Pasian
humuapna tawh kigelh ahih manin khialhna om lo-a, eite hong makaih ding leh hong
thuhilh ding ahi hi. Pasian in LST tawh eite tungah thu hong hilh a, LST pua lamah Pasian
itna leh hotkhiatna thu i zak nading lampi om lo hi, ci uh hi.

·····0·····

4 LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

LST khiatzia pilna pen Mangkamin, “Hermenuetics” kici a, Greek kam pan hong
pai ahi hi. “Kamphen” ahk “A Khiatna gen” cihna ahi hi. LST khiatzia tawh kisai a kizang
kammal dang khat in “Exegesis” kici a, “Hermenuetics” tawh a khiatna a kibang ahi hi.
LST a om bangbang pholhkhia, lakkhia, tokhia cihnopna ahi hi. John 1:18 sungah kizang
a, Pasian, a Tapa tungtawnin mihingte tungah hong kilaakkhia cihna ahi hi. Luke 24:35
sungah zong nungzui nihte in Emaus lampi tunga thupiang teng a lawm dangte tung
uah genkhia, lakkhia cihna in kizang ahi hi. “Exegesis” in a kammal, a lai paizia, a nung
a ma thute cingtakin a et khit ciangin LST khiatna gen hi. LST i khiat ciangin i phawk ding
thu in eite pen a simkha masate hi lo i hih manin a simkha masate in bangci tel in bang
ci saan ding hiam cih kankhiat phot ding kisam hi. Tua thute i theih khit ciangin tuni-a
eite adingin bang khiatna nei hiam cih i zonkhiat ding hi pan hi.

LST pen Khasiangtho gelh ahih manin, LST tel nadingin Khasiangtho hilhna a thupi
pen ahi hi (Jn.14:26; 16:13-15; 1Cor.2:6-16). LST sunga lai kigelhziate i et ciangin a hi bang
lianin a genna (Literal Interpretation) leh lim tawh genna (Figurative Interpretation) ci-in
nam nih in kikhen thei hi. LST khiat ciangin mun khat khatte ah ahi bang lian a genna hi-
zaw hiam ahk lim tawh genna hizaw hiam cihte khen hak thei ahih manin limtak a et kul
hi. A thupi khat ah, lim tawh gennate zong thu taktak mah genna ahih lam phawkhuai
thu ahi hi. Lim tawh gennate a tom leh a sau om hi. Pawlkhat en lehang: “Mihingte hoih-
na, lo sunga paak tawh kibang hi (Isai.40:6). Hih LST mun in mihingte hoihna tom kaal
sung ahihzia paak tawh a kibangin gentehna lak hi. “Kibang” cihna kammal Mangka-
min “As, Like” cihte a kizat leh Mangkamin “Smile” tawh kigelh lai hi cih theih ding ahi hi.
John 1:29 sungah tuiphum pa John in Topa Jesuh a muh ciangin, “En un, Pasian’ tuuno”
na ci hi. Hih mun ah “Pasian tuuno tawh kibang pa” na ci lo hi. Hi bangin “Kibang” cih
kammal a kizang lo laigualte pen “Metaphor” kici a, laikhiat ciangin laigelh dante zong
phawk ding kisam hi. LST sungah Pasian pen mihing bangin a kigenna mun tampi om

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 59

hi. Tuate zong Metaphor nam mah hi-a, ahi zongin Pasian pen mihing bangin hong ki-
gennate pen Mangkamin “Anthropomorphism” kici hi. Pasian pen bil, kam, khut, khutme
a nei bangin kigen hi (Late 8:3, Isai.51:11, 59:1). Pasian pen a heh (Thhkna. 1:37; 4:21), a haza
(Pai.20:5, Thkna.5:9) banga a kigenna zong om hi.

Pasian pen mihingte bangin bil, kam, khut, khutme a nei hi lo hi. Ahi zongin, pau
thei, za thei in gamtang thei hi. Pasian in itna leh muhdah theihnate zong nei hi. Mawh-
neite it in mawhna mudah hi. Hih pen Pasian pianzia i it theih nadinga mihing tawh gen-
tehnate ahi hi. Matthew 23:24 sungah Topa Jesuh in, “Lam hilh mittawte aw, thosi thovai
na valh khak loh nading un, tui na khaih liang uh hangin Kala-oh na nawmvalh zel uh
hi,” a cihna ah Phariseete omzia a uang genna ahi hi. A thupi lo tata thupisak in, a thupi
tata lah awlmawh lo, a ci nuam ahi hi. Hih bang uang gennate pen Mangkamin “Hyper-
bole” kici a, LST sungah Topa Jesuh mahmah in tamveipi na zang hi (Matt.7:3, 19:24). Lim
tawh genna a sauté en lehang: tangthu tawh gentehna namte hi-a, nam nih in kikhen
thei hi. Thugentehna in gennopna bulpi khat bek a neih leh Mangkamin “Parable” kici-a,
thugentehna sung pan theihsak nop thu thum thu li a om leh “Allegory” kici hi (Lk.15:1-7,
Jn.10:1-18).

LST sunga thupiang khat, mi khat, na khat in LST sung mun dang khat a, thupi-
ang dang khat, mi dang khat, na dang khat tawh a kisut leh tuate “Sutna” (Typology)
kici hi. Hih thu tawh kisai sutzia ngaihsutna kibang kim lo hi. Pawlkhat in a kisuun sutzia
(Typology) tamsak mahmah thei uh hi. Gentehna in Adam leh Jesuh kisutna, Abraham
leh Jesuh kisutna, Isaac leh Jesuh kisutna, Isaiah leh Jesuh kisutna, Jeremiah leh Jesuh
kisutna, Jonah leh Jesuh kisutna… cih bangin kisuut thei hi. Pawlkhat leuleu in LST Thu-
ciam Thak sungah a kisutna a kigen ngiat leh bek “Typology” in sang uh hi. Tua banah
hih kisutna in zong ciangtan khat nei hi. A vekpi-in kisuunsak gai cih bang om thei lo hi.
Gentehna in, Pasian in Solomon tungah, “Ama pa ka hi dinga, amah ka tapa hi ding hi” ci
hi (2 Sam.7:14). Hebrew bu sunga Topa Jesuh thugenna ah Pasian in, “Ama pa ka hi din-
ga, amah ka tapa hi ding hi (Heb.1:5) a genzia kibang hi. Hih mun ah Solomon pen Jesuh
kisutpih (Type) ahihna kimu hi. Ahi zongin Solomon leh Jesuh Christ kisuun suak lo hi.

Pasian in Solomon tungah, “Amah a khialh leh ka tawsat ding hi (2 Sam.7:14) ci
hi. Ahi zongin Topa Jesuh pen khial thei lo, mawh thei lo hi (1 Pet. 2:22). Tua hi-a, Solo-
mon leh Jesuh Christ kisuun paisuak lo uh hi. Kisuun tah ci-a, a neng a tawng donga,
kisutsak ding hi lo hi. LST sunga thu pawlkhat muhtheih lim (Symbol) tawh zong kigen
hi. Daniel leh Mangmuhna bute bangah hih bang dan muh theih ding lim a dil in om
hi. Genkholhna laibute ah zong tampi mah om hi. Daniel (2) sunga Nebuchadnezzar
mang bang khiatna thupi nei a, muh theih limte ahi hi. Mangmuhna 13 sunga tuipi pan
a hong pusuakkhia sapi leh lei pan a hong pusuakkhia sapite zong khiatna thupi nei a,
muhtheih limte ahi hi. Hih muh theih limte LST mahmah in a khiatna a gen pah pawl zong
om hi. LST sungah genkholhna (Prophecy) nam nih om hi. A masa pen genkholhna hi
lo-in, thuhilhna ahi hi. A diakdiak in LST Thuciam Lui hunin milim biakna nusia in Pasian
biakna ding, siangtho takin nuntak nading cih thute kihilh uh hi. A nihna pen Genkholhna

60 | LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

hi-a,Pasian thumaangte ngah ding thupha leh Pasian thumaang lote thuak ding gim-
nate genkholhna ahi hi. LST Thuciam Lui sunga Topa Jesuh tawh kisai genkholhnate a
tamzaw tangtung zo hi. Genkholhna thute a tangtunna in LST a maanna, Pasian kammal
taktak ahihna hong lak hi. “Genkholhna” pen LST khiatna ah a thupi mahmah khat ahi hi.
Hih Genkholhna khiatzia a kibat loh manin zong pawlpi upna hong kibang lo pah hi.

“Genkholhna” i cih ciangin mailam thu hong piang dingte hong pian ma-in,
kamsangte tungtawnin Pasian in a mite tungah a theihsak nop thute lahkholhna ahi hi
(Amos 3:7). Kamsangte nasepzia thu (3) om hi. A khatna ah “Forth-telling” kici-a, “Hanna
tawh Pasian’ thupuak gen ngamna” hi-a, a nihna in, “For-telling” (Pasian’ tangin Pa-
sian’ thupuak genna) ahi hi. A thumna in, “Fore-telling” hi-a, “Mailam thupiang dingte
genkholhna” ahi hi. LST khiatna ah “Genkholhna” a nam a nam in a om lam theih ding
zong kisam hi. Thuciam Lui hunin kamsangte in hun tomno sungin a piang pah ding
thute a genkholhnate uh pen “Classical Prophecy” kici hi. Kamsangte dam sung mahin,
a genkholh thupiangte tangtung hi. Hun saupi la-in, a hong piang nailo, a hong piang
takpi ding thute genkhohna pen “Apocalyptic Prophecy” kici hi. Gentehna in Topa Jesuh
nihveina hong pai kik nading thu cih bang dante ahi hi. Hih genkholhnate in a hun tom, a
hun sau cih nam om a, a tangtunna ah zong 1 leh 2 a tangtung leh a tampi-in tangtunna
(Fulfillment) a nei zong om hi. Gentehna in Thuciam Lui sungah Pasian in gam tuamtu-
amte tungah a thukhenna leh a tangtung pahna genkholhna kimu thei hi (Isai.13-23,
Jer.46-51, Eze. 25-32, Amos 1,2). Hih genkholhna pen “Short-range Prophecy” kici hi.

Leitung hun bei nading thu tawh kisai hun saupi a la, genkholhnate pen “Long-
range Prophecy” kici hi. Kamsangte in hih bang thuhilhnate amau hunin a gen uh hangin
amau dam sungin a genkholhnate uh tangtung lo hi. Mailam thupiang dingte Topa ni
ahk thukhenna (Day of the Lord ahk Judgment) cih thute genkholhna ahi hi. Din mun
tunga kinga genkholna zong om a, tua pen “Conditional Prophecy) kici hi. Din mun tunga
kinga genkholhna ahih zah khat in a tangtunna zong dinmun tunga kinga hi. Genteh-
na in Jonah in Neneveh khuapi siatna ding genkholhna nei hi. Neneveh mite a kisiik leh
hotkhiatna ngah ding uha, a kisiik kei uh leh hotkhiatna ngah lo ding ahi hi. Hih a mau
kisuksiatna ding pen a mau din mun tung kinga ahi hi (Jer. 18:7-10, Jer.27:12-13, 38:17-18,
42:10-17). Topa Jesuh in leitung mawh neite tan dingin a hong pai masak na etkholhna
thute pen “Messiahnic Prophecy” kici hi (Pian.3:15, Isai. 7:14, Micah 5:2).

Hih genkholhnate a tangtun zia a namnam in om hi. Genkholhna pawlkhat pen
khatvei bek lian tawh a tang tung om a, tuate pen “Single Prophecy Fulfilllment” kici hi.
Pawlkhat leuleu nihvei lian bek a tangtung genkholhna om a, tuate pen “Dual Prophecy
Fulfillment” kici hi. Gentehna in Matthew 24:19-20 sunga thu pen Rome kumpite in Jeru-
salem a suksiatna ding thu a gen hi-a, ahi zongin Topa Jesuh nihveina hong pai ma-in
hong piang lai ding thute zong ahi hi. A dang khat leuleu ah nih sangin a tamzaw genk-
holhna a tangtung om hi. Tuate pen “Multiple Prophecy Fulfilllment” kici hi (Joel 2:28-32,
Sawl. 2:17-18). LST Thuciam Lui sungah la zong tam simsim kihel hi. I pu i pate in thu in la
hi-a, la in thu hi a cih bang lian keek in Hebrewte in la thupisak mahmah uh hi. Khat-

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 61

veivei, thu sangin la bang muibun theizaw hi. Mangkam leh pau dang tuamtuamte ah
la a kiphuah ciangin a aw kihual (Rhyme) ding kithupisak hi. Ahi zongin Hebrew late ah a
awsuah kihual hi lo zaw in, a thu kihual thupisak zaw uh hi. Isaiah 1:3 sung en lehang:
Bawngtal in amah a neipa thei a,
La in ama topa bawng ankuang thei hi;
Ahih hangin Israel in thei lo hi;
Keima mite in thei thei lo uh hi.

Hih lai ah laigual masa leh laigual nihna a thu kibanga, kammal dang tawh a
thu a kigen kik lel ahi hi. Laigual thumna leh lina zong tua bang mah ahi hi. Et pak tawh
khiatna nei lua lo tawh a kibat hangin hih banga, a kigelh ciangin a sim mite in a mit kha
uh tawh bawl thei-in, a lungsim sung uah lut deuh se hi. Late bu i sim ciangin a gingkhia
in sim lehang a thu in hong bun deuh hi. Mang kamin “Hermeneutics” kici LST khiatzia i
tel theih nadingin zuih ding thu bul pawlkhat kisam hi. Pasian kammal hong hilh dingin
Khasiangtho tungah kingakna khat a om tei hangin zuih ding thugil pawlkhat om veve hi.

Laisiangtho Buppi Tupna

LST i khiat ciangin LST mun khat peuhpeuh a kiim a paam, a nung ama tawh et-
kaak ding hi-a, LST amah leh amah kitukalh ngeilo hi. LST mun khat ciat in deihna leh
mungtuppi nei ciat uh hi.

Laisiangtho In Gennop Thu Tuam Tek Nei

LST mun khat peuhpeuh i khiat ciangin tua mun a omna laibu in bang tupna tawh
kigelh hiam cih i ngaihsut ding kisam hi. Thuhilhna bu i sin ciangin Mangmuhna bu leh
Late bu tawh kibang het lo-a, tua laibute i a tupna tawh kituak a, khiat ding ahi hi.

Kua’ Tung Kigelh Cih Thu

LST khempeuh Pasian’ humuapna tawh a kipia kim ahih hangin LST khempeuh a
kizat theihna mun kibang khin zenzen lo hi. Up khialhna tampite LST zat khialhna panin
a piangkhia ahi hi. Tua ahih main LST mun khat peuh sim ciangin kuate’ thu kigen ahi
hiam? cih i ngaihsut phot mahmah kul hi. A gennopna bulpi leh i nuntakna ah zat theih-
na cih thute i khentel mahmah ding kisam hi. A gennop bulpi i cih ciangin LST a kigelh cil-
na a mi khat ahk mi pawlkhat genna hi-a, gentehna in Galatians laikhak a kigelhna mite
leh David in a gelh khat cih bangin gen nuam i hi hi. Tua mah bangin LST mun khat peuh
i nuntakna mahmah ah a kizat theihna om kim den phial a, tua mun a kigen mite’ ading
bek hilo-in, a huampi-a laak theih ding om hi. Tua ahih manin, Thuciam Lui thukhamte
bang Israel mite tunga kipia ahih zenzen hangin tuhun a Christiante in Pasian’ sianthona
a kilaak bangin kisang thei a, ei’ adinga i laak ciangin a kigen thute a khiatna dangin la
leng, kihamphat lawh thei lua hi.

62 | LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

A Nung A Ma

LST mun khat peuh i hilh cianga, i ngaihsut peelmawh ding thu khat bel tua mun
tua mun tawh kizom, a nung ama et ding cih thu ahi hi. Mun khat thu a kigen thu khat
peuh i theih nadinga, a nung ama in hong hilh thei hi. LST mun khat peuhpeuh a nung leh
a mai limtak a, et cianna in tua mun in bang gen nuam taktak hiam cih hong telsak hi.

Tua Thu Tawh Kibang Mun Danga Kigen Thute

LST amah leh amah kitukalh ngeilo ahih manin, mun khat peuh ah thugil khat a
kigelh leh tua thu mah a kigenna mun dang tawh a kituah hamtang ding kisam hi. Tua
pen Systematic Theolology nasep hi deuha, Pasian kilaaknate limtakin gual-a, LST mun
dang khat beek tawh kitukalh het lo dinga, hanciamna ahi hi. LST sunga laibute khat leh
khat kitukalh lo-in khat leh khat kipanpih zaw ding hi. Gentehna in Daniel bu ahk Thuciam
Lui sunga genkholhnate in Mangmuhna bu ah a khiatna kitelsak mahmah hi. LST a gelh
Khasiangtho ahih manin mun khat a kigen thu i tel nadingin a dang mun khat in hong
huh hi.

Laisiangtho Kammal A Khiatna Telkanna

LST gen a kigelh cilna ah Hebrew ahk Greek kama, kigelh hi-a, a kilet khiatna pan
a kitei cilna bangin a khiatna a suk khak lian ding haksa thei hi. Tua ahih manin bang
gen lian hiam cih i theih nadingin tua kampaute i theih kul hi. Tua bang sinna theihna a
nei lote nangawn in zong tua bang lam a siam mite’ gelh hilhcianna bute leh hilhtelna
bute in nakpi-in hong panpih ding hi. LST hoih tak a, kitei khat peuh kicing mahmah a,
ahi zongin pilna sangpi a neite’ gennate tungtawnin i telna kibehlap hi. Kammal kizangte’
khiatna bang hiam cih i khentat banah, LST maan tak a khia mi peuh mah in mun khat
peuh gen kaakna nam-a (Figure of Speech) kigen hi cih a kitel sinsen kei nak leh a kigen
bangin laak pah ding (Literal Meaning) ahi hi. LST khiatna maan taktak i cih in gen kaak-
na (Figure of Speech) taktak hi ci-a, a nung a ma-in hong lahte longal a hi banga khiat
pah lel ding ahi hi.

Deih Kaih Lo Ding

LST letkhia mi peuh mah in LST buppi a simna tungtawna, a lungsim kizawhna
upna paipi tawh a khiat ding ahih hangin, a omsa ngaihsutna tawh kituak dingin tua
mun in a gen hiau thu peuh gensak pongmawk ding hi lo hi. LST mun khat peuhpeuh
a dang mun dangte tawh a kituah pak lohna a om kha phial zongin tua mun in a gen-
nop thu gensak phot ding ahi hi. LST i khiat ciangin LST i cihpen Khasiangtho in a hilh
mi khempeuh in a tel theih ding ngimna tawh hong kipia hi ci-a, i ngaihsut ding thupi
mahmah hi. LST pen thumaan thu tak hilh dinga Pasian’ hong piak hi-a, hoihtak a, i khi-
at ciangin LST buppi tawh kitukalh lo-in mun dangte tawh zong a kituak dimdiam upna
laigil hong hilh den hi.

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 63

A Khang A Khang Laisiangtho Khiatna Genna

LST hilhciatna pen Mikang kamin, “Exegeisis” kici-in “A khiatna genna ahk kam-
letna” pen Mikang kammin, “Interpretation” kici hi. LST kammal hilhciatna leh a khiatna
genna pen Christian theology ii a zungpi (Soul Theology) kici hi. Banghang hiam cihleh
Pasian’ kammal pen minam “Lai” ahi Hebrew lai, Aramaic lai leh Greek lai cih bangte
tawh na kigelh a, a kigelh hun, kum 1000 val bang sawt a, tuhun khang mite in a sim
ciangin a deihna theih tel nading thu haksapi hong suak hi. A dang khat in gen lehang,
LST tangthu’ tawphah leh kammal zatzia thei masa lo-in a khiatna diktak kithei zo lo hi.
LST sung mahmah zong a hun hunin Pasian’ mite adingin LST kammal hilhcianna leh a
khiatna genna (Inner Biblical Interpretation) na kinei khin pah hi. Gentehna in Isaiah bu
“Deutero-Isaiah” kici a lian 40-55 sungah Babylon saltanna pan “Paikhiatna Thak” (New
Exodus) om ding ci-in kamsangpa in na tangko a, Moses thukham (Pentateuch) sunga
kigelh Egypt gam pana paikhiatna tangthu na siksan hi.

David kumpipa galte khut sungpanin Topa Pasian in a hotkhiatna tangthu (2
Sam. 22:1-51) siksanin hotkhiatna la na kiphuak a, Late 18 ah na kiguang hi. A hun hun a, a
simte nuntakna ah hih la in lungmuanna na piangsak tawntung hi. Kamsang Jeremiah
in Babylon ah saltan ding vai a genkholhna (Jer.25:11-12, 29:10) thu pen kamsang Daniel
in a khiatna na gen kik hi (Dan.9:1-17). Tua bek thamlo-in Thuciam Thak sungah a kigelh
Topa Jesuh’ hong suahna, a nasepna leh a kithahna thute pen Thuciam Lui sungah a
kigelhsa thute vive ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Thak pen Thuciam Lui hilhciatna leh a
khiatna genna bu zong kici thei hi (Lk. 24:25-17).Thuciam Lui pen Hebrew lai panin nam-
dang laite ahi Greek (Septuagint), Aramaic (Targum), Latin (Vulgate), Syriac (Peshitta) cih
bangin na kiletkhia masa a, hih nasepnate zong LST hilhcianna leh a khiatna genna mah
kici thei hi. Aramaic kammal “Targum” a khiatna limlim pen “Letkhiatna” ahk “A khiatna
genna” (Translation or Interpretation) a cihna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin LST buppi (Thuci-
am Lui leh Thuciam Thak) kigawm pen minam pau tuamtuam tawh a kiletkhiat ciangin
LST a khiatna gennna zong ahi hi. Christian tangthu sungah a khang khangin a kizang,
“LST hilhcianna leh khiatna genna” thu i gen ding hi.

Sawltakte Hun (Apostolic Period)

Sawktakte hun (AD26-95 AD) sung LST khiatzia i et ciangin Topa Jesuh mahmah
pen LST (Thuciam Lui) sunga kigelh thute a tangtungsak,a kicingsakpa, hi ci-in, mu uh hi.
Jesuh pen thu, mihing hong suak hi (Jhn.1:14). Tua banah Jesuh in LST a khiatna cingtaak
takin a genpa (Jesus, the perfect interpreter) leh LST i tel theih nadingin mihing lungsim
khua hong vaaksakpa hi, ci-in zong kisang hi (Jhn.5:39; Lk.24:27, 44). Topa Jesuh van a
kah khit ciangin sawltakte tungah Khasiangtho kibua-in sawltakte in LST a khiatna dik-
takin khia thei uh hi (Jhn.16:9-16; 2 Cor. 3:14-18). A tomin, gen lehang, Topa Jesuh leh sawl-
takte tungah Pasian in LST khiat theihna thu (Authority) na pia a, amau thuhilhnate khial
thei lo hi (Infallible) ci-in kingaihsun hi.

64 | LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

Pawlpi Masate Hun (Early Church Period)

AD kum zalom 2 a kipanin pawlpi sungah upna paikhial thuhilhna (Gnosticism…
etc) hong om ciangin pawlpi makai masate in upna puapial loh nadingin LST khiatzia
ding lampi na khung uh hi. A makai a minthang deuh in ci lehang Irenaeus (ca. AD140-
202) leh Tertullin (ca. AD155-225) ahi uh hi. LST a khiatna a bawl uh ciangin Christ mihing
hong suahna thu (The Incarnation of Christ) leh upna a thupitna (The Role of Faith) cihte
na bulphuh uh hi. Upna thu pomzia (Theological Conviction) bulphuh a LST khiatzia hong
suak ahih manin LST kammal tawh kisai thunung kantelna (Historical Context of the Text)
kitam zat lo hi. AD kum zalom 3 leh 4 na sungin LST khiatzia kalsuanna thak nampi (2)
hong khang hi. A masa pen Alexandria pawlpite’ zat LST khiatzia hi-in, “Allegorical Inter-
pretation” kici hi. Hih pawlpi LST khiatzia ah a makaipi Clement (ca. AD150-215) leh Origen
(AD 185-254) te ahi uh hi. LST i sim ciangin a laimal khiatna (Literal Sense) thupi masa
lo-in, tua kammal sungah a om thumaan thutak thupizaw hi, ci uh hi. A dang khat in gen
lehang kha thu tawh kisai a omsa thumaan thutak pen LST sungah kimu thei hi, cih nop-
na ahi hi.

Tua ahih manin LST khiatzia ah dawl (3) na phasak uh hi. A khatna, a laimal ii kh-
iatna (Literal Sense), a nihna, kha thu tawh kisai khiatna (Allegorical or Spiritual Sense),
a thumna, gamtat pha neih nading khiatna (Moral Sense) cih teng ahi hi. A tomin gen
lehang, Alexandria pawlpite’ zatzia pen “Tung lam pan hong pai thumaan thutak pen LST
sungah hong kilang hi” a ci ahi hi. Alexandria pawlpite in Plato ii thuthuk ngaihsutzia (Phi-
losophy) zang uh hi. Tua in thumaan thutak (Truth) i theih nadingin muhtheih loh a cing-
taak thu (Ideal World/Form) theih masak ding kisam hi, cihna ahi hi. A nihna pen Antioch
pawlpite’ zat LST khiatzia hi-a, “Historical or Literal Interpretation” kici hi. A makaipite pen
John Chrysostom (ca. AD 347-407) leh Theodore of Mopseuti (ca. AD 350-428) te ahi uh
hi. Alexandria pawlpite’ zatzia tawh kibang lo-in LST i sim ciangin a laimal ii khiatna mah
a thupi pen hi-a, tua laimalte in kha thu tawh kisai hi taleh, gamtat pha ading hi taleh,
thumaan thutak hong hilh ding hi, ci-in sang uh hi. LST i sim ciangin lai-atpa ngimna
bang hiam, bang hangin at hiam, bang kammal leh bang laigelhzia zang hiam cihte kan
ding thupisak uh hi. A tomin gen lehang, Antioch pawlpite’ zatzia pen “LST kammal i sim
ciangin tunglam thu tawh kisai thumaan thutak kimu thei hi” a ci ahi hi. Antioch pawl-
pite ahih leh Aristotle ii thuthuk ngaihsutzia zang uh hi. Tua in muhtheih nate tungtawnin
muhtheih loh thumaan thutak kithei thei hi, cihna ahi hi.

Khang Laizang Hun (Medieval Period)

AD kum zalom 5 ciangin hih a tunga i gen Alexandria leh Antioch pawlpite’ LST
khiatzia teng kigawmin kizang to hi. Hih hun sungah makai minthangte in Jerome (ca.
AD341-420) leh Agustine (AD 354-430) ahi uh hi. Augustine in LST laimal ii a khiatna (His-
torical/Literal Meaning) bulphuh ding a lim ngaihsut mah bangin kha thu tawh kisai a
khiatna kaihna (Allegorical Meaning) zong thupisak hi. Ahi zongin amah ngiat in LST hilh-
cianna a bawl ciangin “Allegorical” lim zatzaw hi. Augustine in LST pen pawlpi kimakaih-
na (Pastoral) leh Pasian thu pomzia (Theology) ading a zungpi ahihna bulphuh hi.

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 65

Tua sungah LST pen upna zungthuk khak nading, kipuahphat nading, Pasian’ thu
theih semsem nading, midangte leh Pasian it semsem nading, cihte kihel hi. AD kum
zalom 6 na kipan LST a khiatna dawl 4 na phasak tawntung uha, tuate pen “Quadriga”
(Four Meanings In A Text) kici hi. A khatna, Laimal khiatna (Literal Meaning) a nihna, gam-
tatna ading khiatna (Moral Meaning), a thumna, kha thu tawh kisai khiatna (Allegorical
Meaning), a lina, leitung bei khit, hong tung ding hun ading khiatna (Analogical mean-
ing) cih teng ahi hi. Hih LST khiatzia telcian zawk nadingin Piancilna 22 sunga Abraham
in a tapa Isaac meihal biakna in a piakna tangthu “Quadriga” zangin a khiatna paizia i
bawl ding hi.

Laimal A Om Bangin Genna (Literal Interpretation)

Pasian in Abraham kiangah a it mahmah khat bek a neihsun a tapa Isaac pen
meihal biakna in Ama tungah a piak nading gen hi. Abraham in zong Pasian’ sawlna
mangin Moriah mual tungah meihal biakna pia dingin Isaac tawh hong pai hi. Abraham
in meihal biakna tau tungah Isaac dawt lum dingin a kisak laitakin Pasian in Abraham’
upna leh cihtakna thei ahih manin a hehpihna tawh Isaac tang dingin tuutal khat na pia
hi. Hih a tangthu, ahi bang genna ciang tawh khawl lehang a deihna kicing thei lo suak
ahih manin “Qudriga” sungpanin a omlai nam (3) tawh a nuai a bangin a khiatna kigen
hi.

Gamtat Hoih Neih Nading Genna (Moral Interpretation)

Christian nuntakna ah Abraham bangin upna nei-in i pumpi ahi zongin, i it pen-
pen khat peuh ahi zongin Pasian’ adingin piakhia ngam peuh lehang, Pasian in a kicing-
zaw nuntakna hoih leh thupha a dimlet in hong pia ding hi.

Christian Upna Thu Pomzia Ading Genna (Allegorical Interpretation)

Hih tangthu sungah Abrahamin Isaac a piakhiatna pen Pasian in a tapa khat bek
a neihsun Jesuh Christ eite’ adingin hong piakna a kawk ahi hi. Meihal biakna ah a kizang
tuu in singlamteh tungah Jesuh’ sihna a kawk ahi hi. Meihal biakna tau pan kilakhia-a, a
suakta (A nungta) Isaac in Topa Jesuh sihna pan a thawhkikna thu a kawk ahi hi. “Alle-
gorical Interpretation” pen Platonic Philosophy bulphuh in hong piangkhia ahi hi. Plato in
muhtheih leitung (Visible World) pen mutheih loh leitung (Invissible World or Real World)
ii a lim (Shadow/Copy) hi, ci hi. Tua mah bangin kha thu tawh kisai thumaan thutak pen
LST sungah hong kilang hi, ci-in um hi. Hih LST khiatzia pen Jewte biakna sungah Philo of
Alexandria in AD kum zalom 1 sungin na zang khin hi. Christian pawlpi sungah Origen of
Alexandria in AD kum zalom 3 sungin na zang hi.

Hong Tung Ding Vantung Gam Thu Ading Genna (Analogical Interpretation)

Isaac tangin a kithat tuu pen Jesuh Christ hi-a, hun tawpna ni ciangin Pasian in
tua a “Kithat tuuno” tungah vangliatna leh minthanna khempeuh pia ding hi (Mang. 13:8).
Hih bangin LST kammal a khiatna laakzia pen kum zalom 6 a kipan kizang toto a, kum
zalom 16 dong kizang hi. A huamin kum 1000 kiim bang ahi hi. “Quadriga” tungtawnin

66 | LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

pawlpi in Pasian’ thu pomzia (Theology) hong lamto hi. LST pen biakna makaite (Clergy)
bek in simin a khiatna gen thei bek hi. Thu-um mipite’ khut sungah LST bu kipia lo-a, LST
pen pawlpi in kemcingin LST a khiatzia ding pen pawlpi ngeina (Church Tradition) dung-
zui-in kikhia thei bek hi. Banghang hiam cihleh LST (Thuciam Thak) a pian ma-in pawlpi
(Church) leh pawlpi zat ngeina (Tradition) na om khin hi. A tung i gensa mah bangin
Topa Jesuh in sawltakte tungah LST (Thuciam Lui) khiat theihna ding (Authority) na pia hi.
Sawltakte a sih khit ciangin tua thuneihna pen sawltakte maban a zom pawlpi bishopte
tungah kipia hi, cih upna om hi. Scholastic hun sungin Thomas Aquinas (AD 1225-1274) in
LST a khiatzia dawl (4) a ki zatna sung panin suahtak nading na hanciam hi. A bulpi-in
“Literal Interpretation” lamah na paipih hi. LST a at pen Pasian hi-a, a kammal a khiatna
pen tua kammal sung mah ah om hi, ci hi. LST kammal khat ii ahi banga khiatna (Literal/
Plain Sense) i theih khit ciang bek in kha nuntakna adingin a khiatna (Quadriga Sung-
pan) om thei pan ding hi, ci hi.

Ahi zongin LST khiatzia pen pawlpi’ thuneihna (Church Authority) nuai mah ah na
koih hi. AD 1100-1500 kikaal pen “Scholastic Period” kici hi. “Scholastic” cih kammal pen
Latin pau “Scholasticus” pan hong pai hi-a, “Sang” (School) tawh kizom (That Belongs
To School) ahk “Sangmite” (Schoolmen) cihna ahi hi. Tua hun lai-in pilna thukneite (Phi-
losophers) pen pawlpi sang panin a khang “Theologiante” vive ahih manin hih hun pen
“Sangmite’ Hun (Scholastic Period) kici hi. Thomas Aquinas khit ciangin Nicholas of Lyra
(AD1279-1340) in “Allegorical Interpretation” nial in “Literal Interpretation” bek zat ding na
hanciam hi. John Wycliffe (AD 1328-1384) hong khan ciangin LST khiatzia pen pawlpi’
thuneihna nuai ah koih lo-in pawlpi’ thuneihna tungah na koih hi. Christian upna leh
nuntakna adingin LST pen thuneihna a lian pen a nei ahi hi, ci hi. A nung ciangin amah
pen “Pawlpi Kipuahphatna Lamlak Zingsol Aksipi” (the Morning Star of the Reformation)
kici hi.

Pawlpi Phuahphat Hun (Reformation Period)

Pawlpi puahphat hun (AD 1517-1600) hong tun ciangin Protestant makaite in
“Quadriga” hong nial uh hi. Martin Luther (1483-1546) leh John Calvin (AD 1509-1564)
in LST kammal bulphuh “Grammatical-Literal Interpretation” hong zang uh hi. Catholic
pawlpite’ kepcing Latin LST bulphuhna panin LST (Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak) kigel-
hcilna (Original Languge) ahi Hebrew, Aramaic leh Greek LSTte limtakin simin a khiatna
zonna (Sacred Philosophy) lamah hong kihei uh hi. Protestantte ii thulu pen “LST bek”
(Sola Scriptura) cih hi-a, kum zalom 6 khit (scholastic Period) hun a kipan hong khang
pawlpi upna bulphuh LST khiatzia a nialna uh ahi hi.

Luther in “LST in LST kammal a khiatna hong gen pa hi” (Scripture Is Its Own Inter-
preter) ci hi. LST i sin ciangin laimal khiatna kanna (Philology) ciang bek kicing lo-a, Kha-
siangtho’ telsakna (Illumination) zong kisam hi, ci hi. Tua ahih manin Protestant pawlpite
in LST thuneihna (Authority of the Scripture) pen pawlpi thuneihna (Church Authority) leh
mihing’ khinkhaina (Human Reason) sangin liansakzaw uh hi. LST in bang hong hilh hiam
cihpen pawlpi khentat ding hi lo-a, LST in pawlpi’ thu hilh ding hong gen ding hizaw hi,

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 67

ci uh hi. Hih thu hangin kum zalom 16 a kipan LST pen minam tuamtuamte’ kamin hong
kiletkhia zihziah a, mimal khut sungah LST hong tung thei ahi hi. Tua bangin mimal in LST
sim theih nading lampi hong pianga, Khasiangtho lamlahna tawh a kikhiatna kaihna
hong kipan ta ahi hi.

Khangthak Laisiangtho Khiatzia (Modern Interpretation)

Kum zalom 16 sungin mihingte pilna lamah “Khanlawhna Hun” (Renaisance/Re-
vival) hong tung hi. Pawlpi thuneihna (Authority) nungzui nawnlo-in mihing’ khinkhaina
(Reason) zat hong tum uh hi. LST khiatzia ah Hebrew leh Greek (Original Languages) mah
simin a khiatna hong kan kik uh hi. Tua bang nasepna ah LST a kigelhcilna (Original Text/
Old Text) hong kan kik uha, tua panin “Textual Criticism” hong piangkhia hi. Kum zalom
17 panin “Lungvaakna Khang Hun” (Age of Enlightenment) hong tung hi. Tua pen “Khang
Thak Hun” (Modernity) kipatna hi-a, kum zalom 20 bei kuan dong huam to hi. Hih kum
400 huam sungah nate’ thusinna leh theihna (Science) nakpi-in hong khangto a, tua
huzap in LST khiatzia leh sanzia ding zong tampi hong kikheeltosak hi.

Khang thak hun LST khiatzia a tomin gen lehang, LST khiatna i kan ciangin tanglai
laibu dangte (Literature From Antiquity) mah bangin khiat ding ahi hi, ci uh hi. Tua bangin
a khiatna kanna ah LST a kigelh hun leh a laigelhte’ thu (Historical Setting of the Biblical
Documents and Their Writers), tua hunin LST sunga thute ii tupitna leh a kizatna (The Role
and the Function of Biblical Materials In Their Context) cihte kan masakpen dingin kikoih
hi. LST pen ngimna tuamtuam tawh lampi tuamtuamin kikanin kiletkhia hi. Gentehna in
Israel mite tangthu leh biakna thu kanna, tanglai pawlpi tangthu kanna, tanglai laigelh-
zia kanna, Judaism leh Christian biakna thu kanna cih bang ahi hi. Ahi zongin biakna thu
leh Pasian’ thupomzia ading kanna mah a thupipen hi veve hi.

Khangthak Hun (Modernity) leh Khangthak Khen Hun (Post Modernity, After 1960)
sunga hong piang LST khiatzia pen a tamzaw in “Exegesis” kici hi. Tua “Exegesis” bawl
ciangin zat dan nam tuamtuam na om a, tuate pen “Criticism” kici hi. “Exegesis” pen
Greek kammal “Exegeisthai” panin hong pai hi-a, a khiatna pen “Paikhiatpih” (To Lead
Out) cihna ahi hi. LST simna ah a kizat ciangin LST kammalte in bang gen nuam hiam
cih telkhehna hong suak hi. A dang khat in gen lehang, LST kammal ii a khiatna “Kaikhia”
ahk “Dokkhia” (To Read Out or To Draw Out) cihna ahi hi. “Exegesis” kammal i tel theih
nadingin amah tawh a kilehbulh kammal “Eisegesis” na om hi. “Eisegesis” a khiatna pen
“Kaisuk” ahk “Thunsuk” (To Read Into or To Draw In) cihna hi-a, LST kammal pen “Ei’ deih-
na bangin a khiatna kaihna” ahk “Eima ngaihsutna khat LST mun khat peuh tawh bulh-
sukna” cihna ahi hi. A tomin gen lehang, “Exegesis” pen LST kammal in bang gen hiam
cih kaikhiatna hi-a, “Eisegesis” pen eima ngaihsutna a omsa bangin LST kammal khiatna
deihkaihna ahi hi. Tulai thuhilhsiate in LST kammal khiatna i gen ciangin hihte nih sungah
koi i lim zatzaw hiam cih ngaihsut ding thupi hi. “Exegesis” bawldan nampi (3) (Three Ap-
proaches) in kikhen thei hi. Tuate pen “khatna, Diachronic, nihna, Synchronic leh thumna,
Existential te” ahi hi.

68 | LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA

Diachronic Approach

Diachronic (Across Time) zatzia tawh LST khiatzia pen hih bang ahi hi. LST sunga
kammalte a khiatna dik taktak i theih nadingin a kigelh kammal (Text) a kigelhcilna thu
leh LST hong suahtohna thu theih kul hi, cih bulphuh hi (Focuses on the Origin and the
Development of a Text). Hih pen LST kammalte’ piankhiatna thu kankikna ahih manin
“Historical-Critical Method” zong kici hi. Kum zalom 20 sungah a kizang penpen LST kh-
iatzia hi-a, Roman Catholic leh Protestantte in zang tuak uh hi. “Diachronic” sungah a
kihelte in;

• Textual Criticism – A kigelhcil lian Text bang hiam cih kankikna hi. LST (Hebrew,

Greek) pen tanglai-in khut tawh a kitei toto hi-a, ei khut sung hong tun ciangin a
kibang sitset bu khat zong om nawnlo ahih man ahi hi.

• Literary Sources Criticism – Text sungah laigelhzia leh kammal zatzia a thuapthu-

ap in om a, tuate hong paikhiatna a zungpite (Sources) kankikna ahi hi. (J,E,D leh
P Source in Pentateuch, Q Source in Synoptic Gospel).

• Form Criticism – Text ii a nam (Genre) bang hiam (La, Tangthu, Thukham, Thuhilh-

na, Samsiatna, Thupha piakna etc..) cih kanin a kigelhcil lai-in Israel mite’ nisim
nuntakna ah kibangci zat, a nung ciangin pawlpi in bang ci zat cihte kankikna
ahi hi.

• Tradition Criticism – Text pen lai-in a kigelh ma-in, kammal tawh na om masa

(Oral Tradition) hi-a, tua kammal panin laimal (Written Text) hong suahna, a kiza-
tna thu kankikna ahi hi.

• Redaction Criticism – Text sunga thute pen puahkikna na kibawl toto-in a tawpna

ah tu-a, i neih LST sunga laibu a suah nadingin a kaituah, a gualhkik (Redactor)
na om hi. Tua a kaituah penin bang ngimna leh bang thupomzia nei hiam cih
kanna ahi hi.

Synchronic Approach

Synchronic (Same Time) zat zia hih bang ahi hi. Hih zatzia ah a kigelh kammal
(Text) hong pianna tangthu sutsut nawnlo-in, a omsa bangin sangin zatna ahi hi (Fo-
cuses on the Final Form of the Text). Hih sungah LST pen lai leh kam nam khat bangin (As
Literature and Language) ngaihsunin bangci kilam (Structure), bang lainam (Genre) cih
entel in, tua lai a kigelh hunin bang khiatna nei ding cih kanna ahi hi. Tua panin eima’
zatnop mittang khatpeuh (Religion, Social, History,Political, Scientific, Philosophy, Moral,
Psychology, Anthropology) zangin a khiatna kikai thei hi. “Synchronic” zatzia sungah ki-
helte in;

• Literary Criticism – Text pen lai bangin (As Literature) simin a kilamzia (Form/

Structure) leh a lainam (Genre) bang hiam cih zong masa-in khiatna kikan hi.

LAISIANGTHO KHIATZIA | 69

• Narrative Criticism – Text pen tangthu kigen bangin ngaihsunin bang thu piang

(The Plot or Event), kua teng gamtang (The Characters), koimun ah (Place), bang
hun (Time) cih leh tangthu genpa in a za mite’ ading bang ngimna nei cih kizong
hi.

• Rhetorical Criticism – Text pen thugenpa (Orator) in thungai mipite (Audiences)

tungah a thugenna hi-a, mipite lungsim a lak zawh nadingin thugenpa in bang
kammal, bang gentehna zangin bang danin gen hiam cih kikan hi.

• Social-Scientific Criticism – Text sunga mite (A gelhpa leh a simte) bang minam

(Social Identity), nuntak khuasakzia leh muhna, ngeina zatziate bang hiam cih
kikan hi.

Existential Approach

A masate gel zatzia ah a kigelh lai (Text) bulphuhpi-in kinei a, “Existential” (Con-
cernning Real Life) zatzia ah a simte (Readers) bulphuh uh hi. LST i sim ciangin ei mah-
mah a kihel in kingaihsutna (Self-Involving) ahi hi. A kigelh kammal (Text) hong pianna,
hong khantohna bulphuh nawnlo-in, tua a kigelhsa lai-in a simte nuntakna (Experience)
ah bang hong gen hiam cihna ahi hi. Kammal dang khat tawh gen lehang, “Text” ii nung
lamah bang tangthu om hiam (the World Behind the Text) cih ciang tawh tawp lo-in,
“Text” ii maitangah kua om hiam (Before the Text) cih ngaihsutna ahi hi. Hih Existential
Approach zatzia sunga kihelte in;

• Theological Exegesis – Text sungah Pasian’ hong kilaakkhiatna thu (Revelation)

leh hotkhiatna thu (Salvation) om hi.

• Missional Interpretation – Text sungah Pasian pen “A sawlkhia Pasian” (Missio Dei)

ahihna hong kilanga, thu-ummi khempeuh zong sawlna a ngahte ahi hi.

• Spiritual Reading – Text pen Pasian’ kammal ahih manin tua kammalte nensuah

in sittel det ding hi lo-a, Text sung panin Pasian aw ngai-in mimal leh tual sung
nuntakna ah zat pah ding ahi hi.

• Canonical Criticism – Text khat ii khiatna pen a LST buppi ngimna tawh et ding ahi

hi. Pawlpi in tua text pen LST sungah hel dingin a khentatsa ahih manin LST buppi
ii thumung tungtawnin a khiatna zon ding ahi hi.

• Ideological Criticism – Text pen nenniamna a thuakte (Oppressed People), thu-

neihna kikimlohna munte (Injustice) adingin suahtakna (Liberation) lampi hong
piangsak Pasian kammal ahi hi, ci-in sang hi. Hih sungah Feminist, Liberationist,
Postcolonial Interpretation cihte kihel hi.

·····0·····

5 LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

Mihingte mawhna sungah a puk ciangin Pasian tawh kigamla bek hilo-in lungsim
ngaihsutna siacip hi. Pasian in Amah suun in a hong bawl mihingte hong it lua mahmah
ahih manin Amah kiang i zuatkik theih nadingin “A huampi in kilaakna” leh “A tuam vilvel
in kilaakna” tawh nisim in hong sam den hi. Mawhna in lungsim ngaihsutna siacipsak
ahih manin thuciaptehna khuakte thanemsak hi. Ama thu peuh mah a manthanlohna
dingin mihingte tungah “Pau leh Lai” hong pia hi. Tua ahih manin, “Pau leh Lai” pen Pa-
sian hong piak letsong teng lakah a manpha mahmah khat ahi hi.

Palaeography

“Palaeography” i cih ciangin tanglai khut tawh lim suaihzia leh laigelhziate tang-
zaizaw leh a thukzaw in kankhiatna cihnopna ahi hi. Tanglai hun leh tuhun in laigelh dan
leh laigelhna vanzatte kilamdang mahmah hi. Tanglai pek panin laigelhzia leh laigelh-
na a khangkhangin kikheel toto hi. Pasian in leitung mite lai hong piak manin LST sim
theih dingin hong piangkhia ahi hi. LST gelhsa ei khut tungah a kingahzia pen a lamdang
mahmah thu ahi hi. Tanglai mite in laigelhna nam tampite zangin nisim kizopna thute na
ciamteh uh hi. Tungman, suangpeek, singpeek, singteh, saguh, savun, haknam tuamtu-
amte leh “Ostraca” (lei beel kitam tuamtuamte), tuukkung (pumpeng), “Vellum” (Tuuvun
leh keel vun cihte tungah tangtuan mite in laigelhna in zang uh hi. Hih laigelhziate in LST
tawh kisai lai kigelhna a kan valval nuamte adingin thupi mahmah hi.

AD kumza lom 18 leh 19 kum sungin LST muanmawhna om hi. Moses khang sungin
lai a kigelhte kinei kha nawnlo ahih manin Moses laibu a kici bu 5 te zong Moses laigelh
hi lo ding hi, kici hi. Ahi zongin, Archaelogistte in Moses a pian ma-in lai kigelhna limte
kician takin na mu uh ahih manin Moses Laibu 5te (Pantateuch) in Moses tektek gelh hi
cih kipsak uh hi. Tanglai mite laigelh kipat hun leh kipatna mun a kitheih zawh loh hangin
Egypt gam leh Mesopotamia gam panin tanglai mite’ laigelhzia BC 3000 kum dingin a

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 71

ki-ummawh tungman peekte tampi kimu khia hi. Egypt mite in laigelh a kipat hun leh lai
a neih hun uh pen sawt mahmah ta hi. A kipat cil a kiciaptehna pen tangthu ciamtehte
leh sumbawlte in a zat lai “Limlai” (Pictographs) kici tawh kician takin thu leh la, kithuzak-
nate ciamtehna na nei uh hi. Sumbawl sumzuakna ah zong lim lai tawh ciaptehna na nei
uh hi. Hih hun a laigelhna in tungman peekte tungah ciamteh uh hi.

Tua khit ciangin “Limlai” (Pictograph) panin a kisim thei dingin “Lai lim” (Hiero-
glyphs) awsuak nei lo laimal bulpite (Consonants) siksan in khantohna khat hong nei
uh hi. Hih “Hieroglyphs” tawh kigelh laite pen Egypt gam a om phawkna Mualsuang,
tanglai biakinnte leh hanmual cihte ah kimu lai hi. BC1700 kum pawl in a masa penpen
laimalte (Alphabets) tawh laigelh hong khangkhia hi. Tanglai laimal (Alphabetic script)
a kician penpen a kituat in “Proto-Siniatic Inscriptions” kici hi. Hih tanglai lai ciaptehna
(Inscriptions) a kicite pen BC1500 lai-a, suang tunga kigelh laite ahi hi. Sinai Mual panin
tai 50 bang a gamlatna Moses leh Israelte giahphualte ah BC 1447 kumin amau tangthu
kimukhia hi. Hih tangtawng lai dangdangte tawh a kibang lo laigelhzia nampi 5 bang
Moses khan sung dingin a ki-um mawh lai pawlkhatte “Syria-Palestine” ah kimu khia hi.

Suang Tungah Laigelh Hun

Tanglai mite laigelhzia limlim pen mun khempeuh phial ah “Suang” kizang tek hi.
Egypt gam leh Mesopotamia gamte ah tanglai laimal (Alphabetic Scripts) tawh laigelh-
zia pen “Suang Tung” a kizang masa penpen ahi hi. Hih hun in suang tunga laigelh pen
sawt kho pen hi kha ding hi. Babylonia gamah thukham leh biakna thukhamte suang
tungah kigelh a, mipite muh dingin kiphut hi. A minthang mahmah khat ahi Babylonia
kumpite lakah Hammurabi (c.1750 BC) in simmawhna a thuak mite in ama thukham 250
te siksan in thumanna a kineih nading leh phawk tawntung dingin Mualsuang na phut
hi. Hebrewte tanglai laimal (Hebrew Script), a lui penpen leh a thupi penpen a kituat laite
zong suang tungah kigelh ahi hi. Tua tanglai pek laite lakah a thang diak nihte in “Gezer
Calendar” leh “The Siloam Inscription” te ahi hi. “Gezer Calendar” in lakam tawh lokhawh
singpuak nasepna tuamtuamte tawh kisai kum leh hun kician takin na gen hi. Kumpi Sol-
omon (c.925 BC) hun pawl a kizang laite, hih “Gezer Calendar” sungah Hebrewte tanglai
lai (Hebrew Alphabetic Script) 22 te na kizangin suang tungah na kigelh hi.

“The Siloam Inscription” in kumpi Hezekiah kulh umna tungah Jerusalem khuapi
sunga tui lakna kilamzia kigelh hi. (II Kumpi. 20:20; II Khang. 32:30). Hih tui lampi a zawh
uh ciangin pawi a khamna cihte zong kigelh hi. A dang a mingthang tanglai suang lai
(Stone Inscription) in “Moabite Stone” kici hi. Sih Tuipi ii ni suahna lamah kimu hi. Hih
suang tungah kum zalom BC9 hun pawl in, laigual 34 a pha Canaan mite zat tanglai
lai (Canaanite Script) tawh lai kigelh kimu hi. Tua suang pen kumpi Mesha of Moab in,
Israelte a dona kigelh hi (II Kumpi 3:4-27). LST sung a hi lo, tanglai pek laite sung panin
Israelte’ Pasian min YHWH a kimuhna hih Moabite suang tung bek ah kimu hi. Pasian in
Thuciam Lui sungah a Thukham 10te zong suang tung mah zangin na gelh hi (Thhk. 27:2-
3, Joshua 8:31-32)

72 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

Tungman Tungah Laigelh Hun

Mesopotamia gam sungah laigelhna in a kizang penpen in tungman ahi hi.
Laigelhna dingin tungman a peek in maih uha, mei tawh haikeu ahk ni sa –ah pho keu
uh hi. LST sungah zong hi bang dan tungman tungah laigelhna siksan ding om hi. Tuhun
in tungman peekte (Clay Tablets) tunga lai kigelh 500000 sangin a tam zaw kimu thei
lai hi. Hih tungman peekte tungah Cuneiform (Wedge-shape) laite tawh kigelh hi. Lim
tawh laigelhna dan hi-a, mal khat ciangin laimal khat ahi hi. Tungman peek a daldal in
a kizomin bawl uha “Laibu” in bawl uh hi. Inndei sung, lawhkhai sung, singkuang sung
leh thambeelte sungah kemcing uh hi (Jeremiah 32:14, Ezekiel 4:1). Syria gam Ebla a om
laibusaal ah tungman peek 16,000 (Clay Tablets) kimu hi. Kumpi thukhamte, laikhakte,
thugennate, Pasian late. etc, cih bang kigelh hi.

Archaeologistte in hih hun pen BC2400 kum dingin seh uha, cuneiform tawh Ebla
mite pau (Eblaite language) in kigelh hi. Egypt gam laizang a om Tell-el-Amarna ah tu-
alsuak nupi khat in tungman peek a dal a zalom a sim, BC 1350 kumin Cuneiform tawh a
kigelh lai tampi mu hi. Tua laite sungah Egypte’ pharaoahte leh Palestine, Syria, Mesopo-
tamia leh a dang mun tuamtuamte ukpite thu kigelh hi. Syria gam Ras Shamra (Tanglai
Ugarit) ah Cuneiform tawh a kigelh a zalom in hih a tunga hun tawh kibangin kimu khia
hi. Tua Cuneiform tawh kigelh tungmaan peekte tungah ukpite thu ciamtehnate kigelh
hi.

• 721 BC kumin Sargon II in Samaria gam a matkhiatna thu kiciamteh hi.
• 701 BC kumin Sennacherib in Hezekiah a matna kiciamteh hi.
• Ashurbanipal -Thuciam Lui sungah “Osnapper” -Ezra 4:10) min nei pa in tung-

man peek tungah laigelhzia khempeuh siamna nei hi. Assyriante sungah a kimu
bangbang laibu khempeuh tei ding leh a letkhia dingin a kisawlkhiapa ahi hi.
Ama tei leh letkhiatte British Museum, London khuapi ah a tul lom a sim kikem lai
hi.

• Nebuchadrezzar II (Nebuchadnezzar min nei a kithei) in Babylon khuapi a lamki-

kna thu tawh kisai zong kiciamteh hi (Dan. 4:28-30).

• Belshazzar in Daniel sungah a genthute tungman pumlong (Clay Cylinder Tab-

lets) sungah thungetna lai leh thu manpha lai tampite kimu hi.

Sing Leh Khuainuun Tawh Laigelh Hun

Thuciam Lui sungah sing tawh kibawl teipi tung leh ciangtawnte tungah lai kigelh
hi (Gamlakvakna 17:2-3, Ezekiel 37:16-17). Greekte leh Romante hunin a kaang tawh a
kibawl singpeek mite thutheihsak nadingin zang uh hi. Tua pen Latin kam “Alba” panin
hong pai “Album” kici hi. “A kiphan sing” cih lamin kizang kammal ahi hi. Singlamteh tun-
ga Jesuh lutang tunga kisuang singpeek (plaque) namte ahi hi. Laigelhna dingin sing
tawh kibawl a peekte pen khuainuun tawh kimatsak uh hi. Laigelh ciangin a khialhna a
om leh a kiphiat thei in bawl uh hi. Romante bawl bangin Assyiante in zong bawl thei uh

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 73

hi. Thuciamtehna (Notebooks) in nei uha, laibu bang danin a kilem thei dingin bawl uh hi.
Laimai zong nei sak uh hi. Romete in hi bang danin a kibawl laibute pen “Codex” ci uh hi.
A tam a gennop uh ciangin “Codices” ci uh hi. A sawtsawt ciangin tampi kibawl hi. Isaiah
30:8 leh Habakkuk 2:2 te sungah a mangmuh thute uh a peek tungah na ciamteh uh hi.

Kham Tawh Laigelh Hun

Paikhiatna 28:36 sungah laigelhna dingin “Kham” zang ding ci-in na gen hi. Cunei-
form laigelhna a kizangte pen kham tawh kibawl, ngun tawh kibawl, sumsan tawh kibawl
leh sumngo tawh kibawl ahi hi. Greekte leh Rome kumpite in thukikupna ciaptehna leh
thupiakna ciaptehna dingin sumngo dalpeekte tungah ciamteh uh hi. Rome galkapte
in galkap a khawl uh ciangin sumngo peek a neu a kibawl “Diplomas” kici pahtawina
lai kipia uha, gammi hihna (Citizenship) lai zong pia uh hi. Ngun tawh a kibawl laizial
nih a kimu om a, ngawng awhkhi peek bang ahi hi. Kamsang Isaiah hun pawl in a kimu
Hebrew lai tawh a kigelh hi-a, Gamlakvaakna 6:24-26 sunga siampite thupha piakzia
dingte a kimin kigelh hi.

Ostraca Tawh Laigelh Hun

“Ostraca” (Thambeel kitamte) pen tangtuan mite in laigelhna dingin a lim zat
mahmah khat ahi hi. Tuhun a laiham (scrap paper) bang danin a kizang ahi hi. Hih “Os-
traca” lianpipite tampi tak Egypt leh Palestine gamte ah kimu hi. Hihte laigelhna in a
kizatna teci kician om hi. Egypt gam ah “Ostraca” kimu a, Narmer min nei khat a masa
penpen Pharoah (c. 3100 BC) thu ahi hi. Palestine gamah “Ostraca” khat kimu a, Pekah
min nei, Israelte kumpi pa (c. 1735 BC) thu kigelh hi. Palestine gam sungah a kimu khat
om hi. BC 1100 kum khawng hi-a, a kibanglo lai pawlkhat om in, tua sungah Hebrew laim-
al 22 (Hebrew Alphabets 22) tawh a kigelh lai zong kihel hi. Samaria gam ah zong “Ostra-
ca” kimu om a, Reroboam II (c.450 BC) hunin kumpi huangah van tampi a ngahna thu a
kigelh om hi. “Lachish Ostraca” kici lai Lachish ah a kimu zong om hi. Judah gam Nebu-
chadnezzar in a dona thu kigelh hi. Hih laite sungah Pasian min a kizang zelzel “YHWH”
om hi. Mun khat ah, “YHWH ka Topa in kilemna thu hoih hong piangsak ta hen” cih kigelh
zong om hi. BC kum zalom 5 lai-in Athen mite in namneu mite khuapi panin a nawhkh-
iatna thu “Ostraca” tawh kigelh lai kimu hi. Hih bang “Ostraca” tawh lai kigelh pen a kip
a kho ahih lam hong theisak hi. Thuciam Thak tawh kisai 25 sangin a tamzaw, laigual
pawlkhat “Ostraca” tawh a kigelh kimukhia hi.

Papyrus Tawh Laigelh Hun

Papyrus pen Egypt gam panin sumbawlna lianpi khat a kibawl laigelhna ahi hi.
Hih papyrus kungte Nile Delta gun piau nawl tuidaina munte ah po zihziah hi. Job 8:11
sunga kigen, “Ciknawng omlohna ah laiphai kung po thei ahi hiam? Tui omlohna ah
pumpeeng pung thei ahi hiam?” a cih mah bangin ciktui nomna mun a po kung namte
ahi hi. Hih Papyrus kungte pen pi 12 pan pi 15 ciang bang sang thei hi. Kiu 3 (Triangular)
nei in kiphan a, mi khat ii tuuk khat tan bang sah thei hi. Laigelhna dingin hih “Papyrus”
tehnamte kizangh hi. Tong khat tantan in tan uha, a tung lamin phelkham uha, a sung

74 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

lam ah a laingek a duaite la in phan uh hi. A mailam pen a tung lam leh a phei lamin a
nai tawh mat uh hi. Laidal bang hong piang nadingin a tung panin puan neel mahmah
nam khat tawh nensuk hi. Tua ciangin tulai a laidalte bang phial in laidal hong piang
khia hi. Kum zalom tampi sung “Papyrus” tawh tangtuan lai kigelh hi. “Laidal” cih kam-
mal hong piangkhiatna pen “Papyrus” pan ahi hi. Paul Enn in, “Hih Papyrus” kungte pen
phelkham in nisa ah a phokeu khit uh ciangin tuhun a plywood bawl danin a dung leh a
vai kipaipelhsak zingzengin a kimatcip a maat dildel in bawl uh a tua tungah laigelh uh
hi. A dung lam penpi 25-30 bangin sau thei hi ci-in gen hi.

Savun Tawh Laigelh Hun

Asia Minor a om, Pergamum khuapi ah kumpi Eumenes om hi. A gam khantohna
dingin laigelhna savun tawh bawlsak hi. Kumpi Eumenes in (BC197-159) kum kikaal uk a,
leitungah a minthang pen ding laibusaal khat phut nuam in geelna nei hi. Eumenes in
laibusaal phuh ding hong sawm ciangin Egypt gam ukpi Alexandria khuapi a om Ptol-
emy in haza mahmah hi. Ptolemy in laigelhna a kizang Papyrus nam limlim Alexandria
ah zuak ding khaam hi. Ptolemy in a khaktan cip hangin Eumenes in a mungtup bangin
mainawt suak a, vellum (Savun tawh a kibawl laigelhna) hong phuankhia hi. Greek ka-
min a khuapi min “Pergamhnh” ahk “Pergamene” kici a, Mikang kamin savun tawh kibawl
laigelhna (Parchment) cih kammal kila ahi hi.

Kumpi Eumenes ma in savun tawh laigelhna na om khin tham hi. Ahi zongin Per-
gamum khuapi panin a bawl dan uh mun dang a te sangin hoihzaw tham hi kha ding
hi. Banghang hiam cihleh laigelhna van kizuakna phualpi suak in a kiim a pam ah thang
vangvang hi. Laibu bawlna phualpi ci-in zong kithei hi. Gam sung gam pua ah laigelhna
savun tawh a kibawl laidal Mikang kamin “Parchment” ahk “Vellum” a kicite zuak zihziah
zo uh hi. “Parchment” leh “Vellum” laigelhna savun dalte pen ganhing vun a kibawl-
na panin hong piang khia ahi hi. “Vellum” pen ganhing vun tawh kibawl laigelhna ahih
hangin a hoih penpen namte ahi hi. Hih savun laigelhna pen bawng, tuu, keel, sathak,
gamkeel namte tung panin a kingah ahi hi. A diakdiak in hih sate pen a dawnglai a gual-
te’ vun a kila ahi hi. A vun a hawk khit uh ciangin a multe kiatkhia siangin, suang tawh a
kibawl savun nawtna tawh sawp siang sitset uh hi. Tua ciangin leikang belh uha, a mong
kangkimin nisa ah pho uh hi.

A pho savun un bang mah a cih lohna dingin vil in ngak ngiat uh hi. Mikang kamin
laigelhna a kizang “Savun” cihna kammal “Parchment” leh “Leather” kibang lo hi. Laigelh-
na “Savunte” (Parchment) pen a hoih deuhte a ausan dingin kinim hi. A tungah kham leh
ngun tuite tawh lai kigelh thei hi. A ngeina a kibawlte pen a vom leh a puang laitui tawh
kigelh thei hi. A thulu leh lai kipatna limlim pen laitui vanmeel, ankampaak meel, ahk a
sanmeel tawh zeem uh hi. Hih savun tawh laigelhna pen khanglai hun (Middles ages)
dong kizang hi. Tua khit ciang damdamin laidal, pat tawh a kibawlte tawh hong kilaih hi.
Tua ciangin laigelhna dingin Sente in hong bawlkhia uh hi. Arabian sumbawlte in Europe
gamah hong puak uh hi. Tua pan tu khang dongin laigelhna dingin laidal kizang ta hi.

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 75

LAIKUNG NAM TUAMTUAMTE

Tungman Peek Tungah Laikung Kizangte

Tanglai mite in lai a gelh uh ciang leh lim a suaih uh ciangin laibu dingin tung-
man peek zang uha, laite a kitel nadingin tungman peekte a keu madeuh in lai gelh uh
hi. Laiteite in pumpeeng (Reed) tawh a kibawl laikung tawh gelh uh hi. Lai a kitei ciangin
laikung naknenh kul ahih manin laigelhna haksa sa uh hi.

Khuainuun Tungah Laikung Kizangte

Tanglai mite in kum zalom tampi sung laigelh nadingin singpeek leh khuainuun
tawh bawl uh hi. Roman laitheite in amau laite gelhna in zang mahmah uh hi. Tungman
tunga kigelh mah bangin haksatna om hi. Tua banah Rome mite in zong amau lai (Ro-
man alphabet) a gelh uh ciangin suang peek zong zang mahmah veve uh hi. Khuainuun
tawh a kibawl laigelhna peek tungah lai a gelh uh ciangin ballpen bang dan a sau zilzel
khat bawl in a muk ah a khauh a zum mahmah khat thuah in tua tawh laigelh uh hi. A
laikung uh sing tawh kibawl, kham tawh kibawl, sumngo leh hak tawh kibawl cih bangin
a namnam in om hi.

Papyrus Tungah Laikung Kizangte

Egypt mite in Papyrus laidalte tungah lai a gelh uh ciangin pumpeeng (Reed)
tawh a kibawl laikung tawh laigelh uh hi. Laikung pen nam tampi om in, a sau a tom
cih bangin a tuamtuam om hi. Laikung tui (Ink) a kithun thei dingin bawl uh hi. Egyptte
laikung pen “Fountain Pen” i cih tawh kibang pian hi. Laikung muk pen zumsak mahmah
uh hi. Papyrus laigelhna panin laidal tawh hong kikheel cil lamin ganhingte’ mul leh vasa
khate laigelhna dingin kizang hi.

Savun Tungah Laikung Kizangte

Tanglai in laiteite in savun tawh a kibawl laidal tungah lai a gelh uh ciangin, pum-
peeng (Reed) tawh a kibawl laikung mah zang uh hi. Ahi zongin a nunglam ciangin vasa
lianpite ii kha (Feathers) laikung in kizang hi. Laiteite in lai a gelh uh ciangin laikung muk
a hiap zel nading un temta neu khat ta vom den uh hi.

Tanglai Laibu Bawlzia

LST a bu in hong piangkhiat nadingin Papyrus leh savunte tawh laigelhna ding
laizial/laibu hong kibawl hi. Moses in ama laigelh (Pentateuh) bute pen Papyrus laizial
sungah gelh hi, ci-in Jewte in thuciin nei uh hi. Hih thuciin gen bangin LST dangte zong
Papyrus laizial tawh kigelh hi, kici hi. Papyrus laizialte pen a nawl leh a nawl kikhui tuah
hi. A daldal in kibawl a, a pumin a kizial theihna dingin ciang khat tawh kimat khawm hi.
Latin kamin hih laizial, “Volumen” kici a, “A kizial thei na khat” cihnop ahi hi. Tua manin hih
laizial khat sim pen “Volume” kici hi. Hih “Volume” khat ii sauna pen khut khat i zal zawh
tantan danin kibawl hi. Greekte laigelh ngeina bangah laizial khat ciangin pi 35 sau hi.
Tanglai in laigelhte in laigelh hau uh ahih manin “Laizial Khat” ciangin “Volume Khat” ci

76 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

uh hi. Thuciam Thak ah a saupen laibu in Lungdamna Thubu Luke leh Sawltakte Tangthu
Bu ahi hi. Pi 35 a sau Laizial sungah dim takin kigelh hi. Luke in ama Lungdamna Thu bu
leh Sawltakte Tangthu bu ama gelh tuak ahih hangin laizial 2 zang ahih manin volume
khat tuak in kikoih hi. Laimai khat sungah a column in kikhen a, column khat ciangin
letmat 2 ahk letmat 3 ciacia zai-in kibawl hi. Tua a columnte ii a santan pen laigelhna a
kizang “Papyrus laizial” ii a san tan ahi hi. Khatveivei, “Laizial” ii a langtuak ah zong kigelh
thei zel a, ahih hangin a langnih in a kigelh pen tawm mahmah hi.

Mangmuhna 5:1 “Tua ciangin, tokhom tungah a tupa in a taklam khut ah a tawi
laizial khat ka mu hi. Tua a laidal tung a langnih tuakah lai kigelh a kizialcip khit ciangin
a kiphel theih loh nadingin mun sagih ah a kiciamteh hi.” A langnih a lai kigelh thei laizial
namte pen Mangkamin, “Opisthograph” kici hi. A langnih a laizial zat pen a kizat theih
hangin a ngeina hi lo ahih manin tel hak mahmah hi. Laizial sunga laite a kisim ciangin
laisim kawmkawm sa in khut lang khat lamin na zialzial a, a langlam khut leuleu in a
laizial na khahkol zel hi. Christian masate in laizial tunga lai kigelhte sim haksa mah-
mah uh hi. Tua kawmkaal ah Papyrus mah tawh kibawl laibu “Codex” a hoih zaw hong
om ciangin Christiante in hamphatna tampi kingah hi. Lungdamna Thu bu 4 te leh Paul
laikhakte khempeuh bu khat sungah hong kikoih thei pah hi. Lai a kigelhte zong hong ki-
cian sitset pah hi. Laidal a nung leh a mai, a langnih in nuam tak kigelh thei pah hi. Jewte
biakinn a, a kisin Thuciam Luite pen laizial tawh a kigelhte hi-a, Gentailte in laidal thak
“Codex” zang uh hi, ci-in mi pawlkhat in gen hi. Papyrus laizial bute leh Codex lai bute
sangin savun laibute hoihzaw tham hi. Savun laibute pen sawtpi khozaw a, a lang nih in
kigelh thei-in buaina om lo hi.

Laigelhzia

Khut tawh laigelh hong kipatkhiatna mun leh a hun thei leng, LST laigelhziate a
thupit lam kithei hi. Hebrew leh Greek tanglai lai (Script) te, a kum zalom sawt khit ciangin
a laigelhziate uh kikhel toto hi. A huampi in tanglai lai (Script) hong khantoh dan i sutsuk
lai ding hi.

Tanglai Hebrew Lai (Script)

Tanglai Hebrewte lai (Script) laigelhziate pen a kikan ciangin “Limlai” (Pictograph)

tawh laigelh na pankhia uh hi. Hih “Limlaite” in na khat theih khiatna nei dingin “Lim” (Sym-

bols) kizang hi. Gentehna in mi khat, mit khat, bawngtal khat cih dan a tuamtuamin “Lim”

(Symbol) tawh na lakkhia uh hi. Tulai Hebrew lai tawh kilamdang mahmah hi. Hebrew

‘Lim Lai’ (Pictograph) pen a nung ciangin Hebrew laimal kigawm thei (Hebrew Alphabet)

tawh hong kikheel to hi. Hebrew laimalte hong kisim theih ciangin taklam panin veilam ah

kisim hi. Hebrew

laibulpi ahi,

“Alep” panin a

tawpna, “Tau”

dong kileh sim hi.

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 77

Tanglai Phoeniciante Lai (Script)
Phoeniciate laimal pen Hebrew laimal (Hebrew Alphabet) hong piankhiatna
phungpi khat ahi hi. Phoeniciate in a laimal uh (Phoenician Alphabet) pen “Proto-Ca-
naanite Alphabet) Canaan mite tung panin a ngah uh ahi hi. Phoeniciate tanglai lai
(Script) hong piankhiat hun pen BC kum zalom 18 leh 17 kikaal sung ahi hi.

Proto-Hebrew (Ketav Ivri)
Hebrewte in Phoeniciate lai (Script) zangin Hebrew lai a gelh hun uh om hi. Hih
Phoeniciate lai panin Hebrewte lai (Script) hong khangkhia pan hi. Tua a hong khangkhia
tanglai Hebrew lai (Script) pen “Proto-Hebrew Script” kici hi. Tanglai Aramaic lai, (Ara-
maic Script) ci-in zong kithei hi. Tanglai laite (Scripts) om takpi ahih lam Moabite’ Suang
tumpi (Moabite Stone) in teci kip hong lak hi. Hih tanglai Hebrew lai pen Jewte in Babylon
ah sal a tan ma un, a gam uah na zang khin uh hi. Hebrewte laigelhzia pen BC kum zalom
6 ciangin Hebrew lai kithuap “Ketav Meruba” tawh hong kikheel hi.

78 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

Classical Hebrew (Ketav Ashurit)
Babylon sal panin a ciahkik uh ciangin laisiam Ezra in Jewte makai semin, “Ketav
Ashurit” tanglai lai (Script) hong zang uh hi. Tua a luahsuk uh lai pen “Pau siangtho” (Holy
language), “Leshon HaKodesh” kici hi. Hih tanglai a lai (Script) tawh Moses laibu, “Torah
Scroll” hong teikhia uh hi. Hih laigelhna tanglai lai (Script) pen leitungah Jesuh hong pai
ma kum zalom 5 lai pek panin khang tawntunga kizang lai hong suak hi.

Tulai Hebrew Cursive
Hih Hebrew lai (Cursive) pen tuhun a Israel mite laizat ahi hi. Polish German Jewte
panin hong piangkhia lai ahi hi. Hih lai pen khut tawh kigelh laite (Manuscripts) a kante
in lunglut khol lo uh hi. Thukizakna khawng bekin kizang hi.

Greek Lai (Script)
Greekte in Europeante lai (Alphabet) tawh laigelh masa uh hi. Europeante laite
(Alphabets) pen hong piangkhiatna kitam theih khol lo hi. Greek minamte pen “Myce-
naeante” cihin kithei hi. Hih minamte (Greekte) in, “Minoan syllabary” tawh a laigelh cil-
na uh hipah hi. Tua laite pen Linear B ci-in kiciamteh hi. Hong kipatkhiatna a kigenna
tanglai lai a kankhiate (Palae-
ographers) in “Mycenaen Lai”
ci uh-a, “Agamemnon” panin
hong piangkhia hi kici hi. Hih
“Linear B Lai” pen BC 1500 leh
1200 kikaal in kizang kici hi. Lin-
ear B lai (Inscriptions) te pen
“Thu ciaptehna” (Counting
Records) ahi hi. Tanglai Greek-
te lai in “Linear B Syllabary” kici
“Lim laite”, tampi luahsuk uh

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 79

ahih manin “Linear B Syllabary” panin Greekte in a lai uh a ngah uh hi kha dingin ki-um-
mawh hi. Greek lai tawh a kibatna tampi om ahih manin hih “Lim Laite” panin kithei thei
hi.

“Logogram” kici pen kammal khempeuh “Lim” (Symbol) kiciantakin ciaptehna
ahi hi. Hih “Logogram” lim laite pen Linear B lai sunga a thupi laite zangin sumbawlna
ah kizang lai ahi hi. Hih “Lim
Lai” (Logogram) te pen “Lim
Lai” (Pictograms) tawh kibat-
na nei ahih manin a nung
ciangin “Lim Lai”, “Pictograms”
kici hi. Hih “Logogram Laite”
khempeuh in a khiatna kitel-
sak (Decipher) khin zo lo hi. A
kizang zelzel “Lim lai” (Logo-
grams) te in hih bang ahi hi.

Hih a tunga “Syllabary Scripts te pen laisinna (Literature) taktak ding kimang zo
lo hi. Hih “Lim Laite” panin Greekte in a kisim thei laimal (Alphabet) hong ngahkhia uh hi.
Hebrewte mah bangin Greekte in a kisim thei lai hong ngahkhiatna bulpi uhpen “Phoe-
nicians Script” tung mah pan ahi hi. Greekte lai a kisim thei in hong piangkhiat hun pen
BCkum zalom 9 kiim ahi hi. Herodotus in tanglai Greek lai (Greek Script) pen “Phoinikeia
grammata” na ci hi. A khiatna in Greek Lai (Greek Script) pen “Phoeniciate Lai” (Phoe-
nician letters) cihnopna ahi hi. Phoeniciate’ lai (Phoenicians Script) panin Greekte in a
“Awsuah” (Sound) kheel uh hi. Tua panin Greek laigelhzia leh laisimzia hong khangto hi.
Tanglai Greekte in Hebrewte mah bangin a lai uhpen taklam pan veilam manawh in gelh
uh hi. Greek khang lui laite ah tampi kimu thei a, a sim uh ciangin zong taklam panin

veilam ah sim uh hi ci-in BC 800
lai a kigelh Crete gam ah kimu
hi. Ahi zongin hih Greek lai pen
bang minvawh a, bang ci kilawh
cih kithei lo hi. Hih laite pawlkhat
a kithuap a kikuisuk, kikuito om in
pawlkhat leuleu ciangin a bungbu
lamin kigelh zong om hi.

Tua ciangin laigelhzia ngeina khat, “Boustrophedon” ci-in hong kheel uh hi.
“Boustrophedon” a khiatna in “Bawngtal kilehkik” (Ox turning) cihnopna ahi hi. Hih “Bous-
trophedon laigelhzia” in a masa leh a nih-
na laigual in veilam panin taklam manawh
in kigelh hi. Laigual thumna leuleu ciangin
taklam panin veilam ah gelh uh hi. “Bous-
trophedon laigelhzia” a kipat dan et theih

80 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

dingin a lim tawh kong lak ding hi. Veilam panin taklam manawh in laigelh dan, “Bous-
trophedon laigelhzia” pen BC kum zalom 5 panin hong kizang mahmah hi. Hih laigelhzia
pen Greekte, Latinte leh tukhang hun dongin lai nei khempeuh in a kizang “Laigelhzia
ngeina kip” hong suak hi. Tanglai-in Greek lai (Alphabets) pen kip cih om lo kikheel kheel
hi.A tawpna ciangin Ionicte’ lai (Ionic Alphabet) pen Greek kampau khempeuh in hong
luahsuk hi.
Hih a tunga pen Ionic Greek lai pen “Boustrophedon” laigelhzia sungah kigelh dan
ahi hi. “Laimal khutkaih in kigelh” (Cursive) leh “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) ci-in nam nih
nei uh hi. Laigelh manlang nop ciangin a kizang, “Laimal khutkaih kigelh” te (Cursive) pen
nisimin, “Laikhakna, nasepna, sazian ciaptehna, sum ngahna laidal ciaptehna leh nget-
na (Thumna)” cihte ah khutkaih lai zang uh hi. Ngeina bangin laigelhziate (Formal Style
of Writing) pen “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) tawh laigelh uh hi. Hih “Laimal gol in kigelh”
(Uncial) pen lai thupi taktakte gelhna hi-a, kidawmtak leh kician takin gelh uh hi. Kum za-
lom 3 pan 6 AD kikaal sungin khut tawh kigelh LST (Biblical manuscript) pawlkhatte pen
hih “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) lai zangin kigelh hi. “Codex Sinaiticus” kimu khutgelhlai
sungah “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) tawh Thuciam Lui Esther bu pawlkhat kimu in,Thu-
ciam Thak Lungdamna thubu Luke a lian 1 ah, Laimal khutkaih (Cursive) tawh kigelh lai
na om hi. A nuai ah “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) leh “Laimal khutkaih in kigelh” (Cursive)
laite etkkaak theih ding kong koih hi.
Tanglai Lai Tawh Esther Bu Leh Luke Bu Ekkaakna

Kum zalom 9 AD kum panin khut tawh laigelh puahkikna kinei hi. Tua hong puahkik uh
lai pen “Laimal neu Lai” (Miniscule) kici hi. Hih “Miniscule” “Laimal Neu Lai” pen “Laimal
khutkaih in kigelh” (Cursive) lai panin a puahkik uh ahi hi. Tu khangin “Laimal Neu Lai”
(Miniscule) ahk “Laimal khutkaih in kigelh” (Cursive) ut zawkzawk tawh a min kilo hi. Hih
laimal neu lai (Miniscule) tawh Greekte in LST khutgelhlai (Manuscript) na bawlkhia uh hi.

LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU | 81

A nuai ah lim tawh a tel nop dingin ki-etkaak thei hi. “Laimal Neu” (Miniscule) pen “Laimal
gol in kigelh” (Uncial) sangin hamphatna tampi omzaw hi. Banghang hiam cihleh laimal
neu zaw a, laibu khat a kibawl ciangin laimal tampi kita in laibu zong hong sah lo pah
hi. Khut tawh tawi ding hong baihzaw pah hi. Lai tawh nasepna kima zangzaw hi. Laibu
man zong tawm manzaw pah hi. “Laimal Neu” (Miniscule) tawh lai tampi kihawmkhia
zo pah hi. Leitungthu leh LST teina in Greekte in zang mahmah uh hi. Thuciam Thak khut
tawh laigelh (Manuscript) bang pen “Laimal Neu Lai” (Miniscule) tawh kigelh na tamzaw
hi. “Laimal gol in kigelh” (Uncial) Greek in a kizang masa leh hamphatna tampi hong piak
tei hangin sawtpi kimang lo hi.

Christian Laisiamte Nasepzia

Chrisitian masate hunin tual pawlpi ah makaite bek in khut tawh kigelh LST nei
zo bek uh hi. Pawlpi hong khantoh ciangin mi hong tam semsem in LST zong tampi tei
hong kul ta hi. Kinawh tei ta ahih manin ni dang a bangin kician sitset zo nawn pha lo hi.
Pawlkhat in Greek pau panin kampau dangah tei uh hi. Tua bangin hong kitei ciangin a
hoihtaktak ding haksa ta hi. St. Augustine in hih thu hangin a lungkim lohna a pulaakna
khat ah, “Khut tawh a kigelh Greek LST nei nuam peuh in Greek leh Latin kam tawmno
theih tawh lailetkhia ngam mawk uh hi, na ci hi. AD kum zalom 4 ma lai-in, Rome kum-
pi tung panin phalna a kingah ciangin Christian upna LST laibute (Scriptoria), Thuciam
Thak Bu tampi hong kiteikhia in kihawm khia thei hi.

Laibu tampi teikhiat nadingin khut tawh laigelh
(Manuscript) bawlkhiatna inn (Scriptorium) ah laisiam
mahmah mi tampite in laiteina hong nei uh hi. Lait-
ei ding laisiamte pen laigelhzia a nak siam mahmah
phadiakte ahi uh hi. Laitei ding laisiamte khat ciat in
savun tawh a kibawl laidal (Parchment), laikung leh
laitui nei phitphet uh hi. Tua a teikhiat ding uh LST pen
khat in sim khia hi. Tua lai a simkhia pen “Lector” kici hi.
Hih lai a simkhia penin khut tawh gelh LST (Manuscript)
mah panin damtakin simkhia hi. Tua a kisim khutgel-
hlai pen “Exemplar” kici hi. “Lector” in “Exemplar” panin
a simkhiatte laitei laisiamte in gelh uh hi. Hih bang
danin, khut tawh laigelh (Manuscript) tampipi inn sung
panin hong kibawlkhia ahi hi.

82 | LAI LEH LAIGELHZIA HONG KIPATNA THU

AD 331 kum pawl in Christian hong suak Rome kumpi Constantine in biakinn a, a
kizang ding LST a muanhuai in teisak nuam ahih manin Constantinople ah hong pankhia
hi. Hih kumpipa in, a siam tawp un laisiam mahmahte in a kipua thei kawikawi ding leh
nuam takin a kisim thei ding LST laidal hoih mahmah tawh bu 50 a teikhiat nadingin
Eusebius tungah huhna ngetna laikhak hi.” Tua ciangin Eusebius in laigelhzia ding leh
nasepzia ding geel pah hi. Volume 3 a pha khat leh volume 4 a pha hoihtakin khuikhop
dingin kipsak hi. Khutgelh LST (Manuscript of Bible) a lui mahmah 2 Vaticanus Codex leh
Sinaiticus Codex te lakah Constantine hun a kibawl LST om hi ci-in mipilte (Scholars) in
gen uh hi. Laisiamte in a teikhiatte uh a khialhna kimu zeuhzeuh hi. “Lector” in a sim laitak
khat veivei laiteite in a khialh theih zelna uhpen lunglut zo nawnlo, khuhkha, a zakdan uh
kician lo, tua hang hi ding hi cih upna om hi. Tua ciang a simkhia “Lector” in a sim ciangin
kammal lawh dan laimal kibang lo zong om hikha ding hi. Laiteite in laigual sungah a
deihna na khensat tawm thei uh hi. Tua hangin khial thei zel uh hi. Gentehna in Mikang
lai ah a “Aw” kibang napi a laimal kibang lo om hi. Manglai ah (There, their, great, grate,
etc), hibang danin LST teikikte in khial thei zel uh hi.

Kum zalom masa lamin Christian Greek pau ah “Awsuak sak 2 kizomte” (Diph-
thong) hoihtak nei zo nai lo uh hi. Tua hangin zong laiteite in buaina nei thei uh hi. Tua
bangin a tel hak Greek LST sungah om hi (Luke 16:25, Romans 5:1). Laitei in a man khitsate
uh khialhna a om hiam ci-in hoih takin sit pha kik uh hi. Khut tawh kigelh ahih manin khut
lam zong kibang kim lo hi. Laitui zong kibang khin lo ahih manin a pha cia a lim a meelte
kibang lo pah hi. Tua bangin haksatna tampi laiteite lam pan om ahih manin LST hong
kiteikhiat ciangin lai siamte lakah a siampenpente mah sum piak dingin kicial hi. Tua a
kicialte in laigelh nading lailam hoih takin git uh hi. A kitei ciangin lailam (Line) khat ah
“Stichos” ci-in “Aw 15-16” (Syllables) ta zah ding bek lam git uh hi.

AD 301 kumin, kumpi Constantine in laisiamte khutlam hoih penpente thaman
dingin lailam 100 ciangin Denarii 25 pia hi. Tua ciangin khutlam hoih nihnate pen Denarii
20 pia hi. Sinaiticus Codex sungah LST khat a man siang nadingin Denariii 30,000 bang
bei hi. Byzantine hun, (c.330 – 1453 AD), kum ciangin phungzite (Monks) in laisiam LST teite
mun hong luah uh hi. Banghang hiam cihleh amau summeet bawl lo, tua banah hih hun
sungin khut tawh laigelh tampi om khin hi. Phungzi sang pawlkhatte ah LST a kitei khiat
tei hangin a tamzaw pen phungzi khat bek in a tei ahi hi. Phungzi khat bek in a sepna pen
ama aipeng meetna ding ahk phungzi sang phattuam nadingin a sem uh ahi hi. Khat
bek in laitei ahih manin khialhna zong ong tamzaw hi.

·····0·····

6 LAISIANGTHO KIGELHNA PAUNAMTE THU

Christiante in LST pen Pasian hong kilaakna hi ci-in ki-um hi. Tua ahih manin LST
kigelh cilna kampaute thei cian lehang phattuamna tampi om hi. LST pen a tamzaw He-
brew pau leh Greek pau a kigelh masa ahi hi. LST Lui ah a gen tham lo Aramaic pau tawm
kihel hi. Hebrew leh Greek pau pen Pasian in a kammal LST hong piak a, a zat masak pen
kampau ahih manin LST sinna ah a thupitna pen pau dangin tuhkhia thei lo hi.

Hebrew Pau

LST Thak ah “Hebrew pau” cih a kizat hangin, LST Lui ah kampau genna in kizang
lo a, tua kampau a zang mite genna bek in kizang hi. A kampau pen, “Canaan mite pau”
(Isai.18:18), ahk “Judah mite pau” (Neh.13:24) peuh na kicizaw hi.

Hebrew Pau A Piankhiatna

Tuma kum 600, kum 700 lai khawngin Hebrew pau in mihing khempeuhte’ pau
masa pen danin kingaihsun hi. Mi pawlkhat in vangtunga kizang ding pau zong Hebrew
pau hi ding hi, a ci om hi. Kampau lam ah pilna sang neite in Hebrew pau mihingte’ pau
bulpi hi cih thu sang lo uh hi. Hebrew pau pen Canaan mite zat pau tuamtuamte lakah
nam khat ahi hi. Canaan mite pau pen Phoenician, Ugaritic, Moabite leh Ammonmite
paute zong ahi hi. Hih paute Israel mite in Canaan gam a laak mapek a kizangsa paute
ahi hi. Kum 1974-1977 kikaal sungin Syria gam saklam Tell Mardikh (Tanglai a Ebla) mun
ah ni dang a kithei ngeilo pau tawh a kigelh suangpeek 18000 bang kitokhia hi. Tua laite a
kigelh hun BC2400 leh tua ma bang hih tuak zaw lai hi. Laisiamte in tua pau pen Hebrew
pau hong piangkhiatna “Tanglai Canaan Pau” (Old Canaanite) hi dingin um uh hi.

Kampau pen a hunzui-in kilaih den hi. Alfred the Great (AD900) hun a kizang
Mangpau tuni-in kipau leh Mikangte nangawn in a maupau ahih lam thei lo ding hi. He-
brew pau zong tua bang pau in a kilaih teei hangin, pau dangte tawh tehna in a kitam

84 | LAISIANGTHO KIGELHNA PAUNAMTE THU

laih het lo, pau kip mahmah khat suak hi. LST Lui hun lai pek mahin Hebrew pau ah zong
a mun a gam zui-in, kammal zat ahi zongin, kammal lawh dan ahi zongin tawm bang
kilamdang hi. Gentehna in “Shibboleth” lawh dan (Thukhente 12:4-6) kimu thei hi.

Hebrew Innkuan

“Hebrew innkuan pau” in Asia gam Nitumna khanglam a kizang “Semitic pau”
a kicite lakah nam khat ahi hi. Semitic paute pen Mediterranean Tuipi pan Euphrates
mualkuam zang Nisuahna lam a mualtung gam dong, Saklam Armenia gam panin
Khanglam Arabian leidawk mong dong a kizang paute ahi hi. Semitic paute nam thum
in kikhen a, Khanglam ah (Arabic leh Ethiopic); Nisuahna lam ah (Akkadian); Nitumna
saklam ah (Aramaic, Syriac leh Canaanite paute ahi hi. “Canaanite Pau” sungah Hebrew,
Phoenician, Ugaritic, Moabite leh Ammonite paute kihel hi.

Hebrew Lai Omzia

Semitic pau dangte mah bangin Hebrew pau in a sung lam sangin a pualam a
kimukhia thupi sakzaw hi. Hebrew pau pen hi linlian in kitel setset ahih manin pau dang
khat tawh a kitei ciangin haksatna om hi. Tom leklekin, a gennop thu tangtak mah in
gen pah hi. Gentehna in Late 23 bang Hebrew pau tawh kammal 52 bek hi napi, pau
dang khat peuhpeuh tawh a kitei ciangin kammal tua zah nih pha hi. Hebrew pau tawh
thu khat a kigen ciangin hong zasak bek lo-in, i mit kha ah hong musak thei hi. Tua ahih
manin, thu khat peuhpeuh a kigen ciangin “En in” (Be hold) cih kammal kizang pahpah
hi. Hih “En in” cih kammal Greek lai ah zong kizang tosuak ahih manin LST Thak ah zong
tamvei simsim kihel hi. Hebrew pau tawh na khat peuhpeuh a kigen ciangin a khawl dide
dan hilo-in a gamtang dan in hong musak hi. Gentehna in, “Amah dingin pai hi”, “A kam
hong in pau hi”, “En to in mu hi”, “A aw sangkhai in kap hi”, cihte in a mite omzia ding i
mitkha ah hong musak thei pah lian hi.

LST Lui thuthukte i theihna dingin Hebrew lai paizia i theih ding kisam hi. Pasian
“Jehovah” (Yahweh) cih kammal bang Hebrew lai a gamtatna genna kammal “Hi”, “Hi-
sak” (To be or to cause to be) pan hi-a, a khiatna thuk taktak pen “Amah leh Amah a
om” cihna ahi hi. LST Lui sunga min tampite Hebrew lai thei lehang khiatna hong nei pha-
deuh hi. Hebrew pau ah lawn theih, muhtheihte genna kammalte bek kizang a, lungsim
ngaihsutna, muh theih loh nate genna kammal om pha lo hi. Tua ahih manin, Pasian
thu (Theology), thuthuk ngaihsutna (Philosophy) leh biakna (Religion) cihte genna kam-
mal kician om lo hi. “Mawhna” bang a gennop uh ciangin, “A ngimna kha lo” (Miss the
mark), “Kawi” (Crooked), “Gikheng” (Trespass or to cross over) cih bangin gen uh hi. Pilna
thutheihna pen “Lungtang” (Heart) ahk “Kal” (Kidney) tawh gen uh hi. Lungsim thuakna
leh hehpihnate (Emotion of compassion) pen “Gilzang” (Bowel) tawh gen uh hi.

“Ki” (Horn), “Baan” (Arm), “Khut” (Hand), te in “Thatang hatna” genna hi-a, “Khai-
ci” (Seed), pen “Suan leh khak” genna ahi hi. “Nakvang” (Nostril) kammal pen “Hehna”
genna hi-a, “Lutang” (Head) pen “Thungaihsutna” genna ahi hi. Hebrew kammal khat
in khiatna tampi nei thei ahih manin Hebrew pan lai a kitei ciangin bang gen nuam hi