LAISIANGTHO KIGELHNA PAUNAMTE THU | 85
ding hiam cih a nung a ma, en a khentat ding ahi hi. Hebrew lai ah La (Poetry) zong a
thupi khat ahi hi. Laphuahna ah a kigensa thu khat kammal tuam tawh genkikna (Syn-
onymous), a kitukalh thu nih genkhopna (Antithetic), a kigen masa thu khat kicinsakna
(Constructive) leh laigual masa pan thu khat la a genkikna (Climatic) cih bangin nam 4
in kikhen thei hi. Hebrew Late ah dah la, kahla, lunglen la, kipah lungdamna la cih bangin
a tuamtuam in om hi.
Hebrew lai ah amau nisim nuntak dan zui-in, lim tawh thugenna (Figure of
speech) zong kinak zat mahmah hi. “Mitnauta” (Thkna32:10, Late 17:8, Pau.7:2, Zech.2:8),
ha tang vun (Skin of my teeth) Job 19:20 cih bang lim tawh gennate Manglai nangawn
ah kizang ta hi. “Ngawng khauh” cih ciangin thumang lo gen hak cihna ahi hi. Hebrew
pau pen Mangpau leh paunam tuamtuam tampi in phattuam pih mahmah hi. “Amen”,
“Haleluijah”, “Jubilee” cihte Hebrew pan ahi hi. Tua banah Hebrewte zat dan kiciingin pau
dang tuamtuamte ah zong, “Leitung maitang” (Face of the earth), “Kawhawm kamvang”
(Mouth of the Cave) cih bangin zong kizang hi.
Aramaic Pau
LST Lui sunga kizang pau nam dang khat in “Aramaic pau” ahi hi. Daniel 2:4b-7:28
leh Ezra 4:8-6:18; 7:12-16 sung tengah Aramaic pau kizang hi. Piancilna 31:47 leh Jeremiah
10:11 te ah zong Aramaic kam pawlcing lo (Phrase) leh a kizatzia pawlkhat om hi.
Laisiangtho Lui Sunga A Kizatna
Piancilna 31:47 sungah ciaptehna (Phawkna) dingin suang kiciang a, Jacob in
Hebrew pau tawh min na phuah a, a pu lah ahi, a sunghpa lah ahi Laban in Aramaic pau
tawh min na phuah hi. Aramaic pau leh Hebrew pau kinai mahmah hi. Hebrew sangin
laimal hauzaw hi. Thu khat peuhpeuh ahi bangin tel gen theizaw hi. Leitung pau tuamtu-
amte lakah Aramaic pau in sauvei a kizang pen pau hi kha ding hi. Abraham khang a
kipan tuni dong a kizang lai kampau ahi hi. Aramaic leh a kinaipih mahmah Syriac paute
mun tuamtuam ah a hun hunin pau nam tampi mengkhia hi. Aramaic pau pen theih
baih in, kitel a, kician mahmah ahih manin nisim nuntakna a thupiangte gen nadingin
nuam mahmah hi. Pilna sang sin na dingin zong kizang thei veve hi. Aramaic pau hong
piankhiatna a kitheih loh hangin Amorite pau tawh kizopna nei ding hi, ci-in kigen hi.
Aramaean gam ci-in gampi khat in a om ngeiloh hangin Aramaean gamkee nono bel
om ngei hi. Topa Jesuh suah ma BC kum zalom 8 na lai-in, Assyrian kumpi Sennacherib
kamtaite kiangah Hezekiah sawltakte in, “Kulhpi tunga om mite zak in Hebrew pau tawh
hong pau kei unla, Aramaic pau tawh hong pauzaw un, ko thei lel ung”, ci-in gen ngei hi
(2 Kum.18:26).
Persiante hun ciangin Aramaic pau pen leitung buppi ah sumbawl khualzin mite
kamzat taang khat hong suak ta hi. Kum 70 sung Jewte a saltan sung un Hebrew pau
sangin Aramaic pau hong zangzaw uha, Hebrew pau pen laipil laisiamte leh biakna
makaite pau bekin hong om ta hi. Saltan khit ciangin Palestine gamah Aramaic pau
bekbek kizang ta hi. Jewte leh mi nam dangte kiteenna pan a piang, kahbia naupangte
86 | LAISIANGTHO KIGELHNA PAUNAMTE THU
bang in Hebrew pau thei nawnlo ahih manin Nehemiah na phun hi (Neh.13:24). Jewte in
Aramaic pau pen Persiante hun, Greekte hun leh Romete hun dongin zangh tosuak uh
hih tuak hi. Hebrew pau a kigelh LST bang Aramaic pau in tei uha, tua pen “Turgums” ci
uh hi. Sih Tuipi laizial (DSS) te ah zong “Turgums” pawlkhat kihel hi.
LST Thak Sunga A kizatna
Topa Jesuh hun a, Palestine gam a kizang pau pen Aramaic pau hi kicitek hi.
Ahi zongin tua pen maan lian khol lo thei hi. LST Thak sunga min pawlkhat en lehang,
Bartholomew, Bar-jonah, Barnabas cihte Aramaic pau hi-a, Andrew leh Philip bang lah
Greek pau hi-in Mark bang pen Latin pau ahi hi. Hebrew min zong tampi om hi. Aramaic
bel kinak zat mahmah a, tua mah bangin Greek leh Hebrew zong kizang mahmah veve
hi. Latin pau pen kumpi lam leh galkap lam ah kitamzat pen hi. Hih teng banah, nisim
kampau a kizang Mishnaic Hebrew pau cih khat zong omlai hi. LST Thak ah Hebrew pau
(John 5:2, 19:13, 17,20; 20:16, Mang.9:11,16:16) a kicih ciangin bang pau a gen nuam ai tam?
Jesuh’ singlamteh tungah Hebrew, Greek leh Latin pau in lai kigelh hi (John 19:19-20).
Sawltak sungah Paul in Hebrew pau in pau ci hi (Sawl.22:2;26:14). Nisim in a zat Aramaic
pau a hi kha phial zongin laithei leh biakna makai ahihna tawh Hebrew pau zong pau bel
pau thei lua veve ding hi. Bangbang hileh, Aramaic pau pen LST Lui Hebrew pau leh LST
Thak Greek pau a kipehkhawm kampau ahi hi.
Greek Pau
Hun khat lai-in Greek pau leh Greek lai-in hoih in, kicing mahmah a, thugen na-
dingin a hoih mahmah pau leh laigelhna ah a thupi mahmah pau leh lai ahi hi. Greek
pen leitunga minam khangto pente zat kampau ahi hi. Greekte pen thungaihsun minam
hi-a, a hoihpen a kilawmpen bang hiam cih a geelgeelte ahi uh hi. Tua zah khat in a lai
uh zong thu khat peuhpeuh gen nadingin hoih mahmah hi. “Koine Greek” kici nisim kam-
pauna in a zat nuam mahmah khat hong khangkhia hi. Alexander the Great in leitung
gam tampi hong zawh a kipan Greek ngeina leh Greek lai zong hong kizel pah hi. Mun
khempeuh a kizang thei pau ahih manin Atttic Greek sang nangawnin hong kitamzat
zaw hi.
Classical (Attic Greek) panin Koine Greek ah hong kilaih ciangin Greek pau leh
Greek lai i hoihna leh etlawmna tampi bel hong beilawh hi. Rome gam ahih hangin Latin
(Rome) pau sangin Greek pau munci tengah kizangzaw ahih manin Paul in Rome khua-a
thu-ummite a laikhakna nangawn ah Latin zang lo-in Greek mah tawh gelh hi. Laitin pen
kumpi tawh kisai laite bekah kizang hi. Topa Jesuh suah ma, tawlpikhat sung Greek lai
leh Greek pau a kizat mahmah zah khat in Hebrew pau zong kizang mahmah veve a,
pau thupi khat mahin kingaihsun hi. Tua ahih manin Hebrew pau in kigelh Thuciam Lui,
Greek pau in kiteikhia a, tua in, “Septuagint” kici hi. Septuagint a kibawl zawh kum tampi
ciangin LST siamte adingin a kizang thei mahmah laibu khat hong suak hi. Hebrew leh
Greek a nih in hoih tuak mahmah napi a hoihdan uh a tuamtuak ahih manin khat leh
khat kiphattuampih kawikawi uh hi.
LAISIANGTHO KIGELHNA PAUNAMTE THU | 87
Laisiangtho Thak Kigelhna Greek
Thuciam Thak laibu a gelhte a tamzaw Jewte vive ahih uh hangin tua hun lai
a mun khempeuh a kizang Greek lai tawh a laibute uh na gelh uh hi. Nungzui John in
Greekte’ thuthuk pilna pawlkhat thei kha hiding hi. Christ in a genna ah, “Thu” (Greek
pau in “Logos”) na zang hi. Sawltak Paul ii khutgelhlaite i et ciangin Greek mipilte khut-
gelhlaite (Sawl.17:28; 1Cor.15:33, Titus 1:12) leh Hebrew mi Pasian’ kamsangte khutgelhlaite
theih khak tuak mahmah cih kimu hi. Topa Jesuh leitungah a om lai-in Hebrew pau zang
hiam, Aramaic pau zang hiam cihpen kinial theih thu khat ahi zongin, a kician mahmah
thu khat in Pasian in a kammal LST Thak hong piak in Greek pau tawh hong pia hi cih thu
ahi hi. LST Thak Greek pau tawh a kigelh manin zong lungdamna thu leitung bup ah a
kizel baih ahi hi. Nidang lai a mi pawlkhatte up bangin Thuciam Thak pen “Khasiangtho
pau” tawh a kigelh cih bang hisam lo hi. Tua hun lai a kizang “Koine Greek” tawh a kigelh
hi-a, Classical laigelh pawlkhatte bangin kammal thupi theithei zang luanluan cih lah
om lo, “Koine Greek” pawlkhat bangin kam gina lo, kam nainawng peuh zang cih lah
om lo-in a thugen nop kician leh siang takin gen kha lianlian hi. Tua ahih manin Thuci-
am Thak kigelhna Greek pen Greek dangte tawh kibang lo, a tuam khat hi cileng zong
kici thei hi. Thuciam Thak Greek lai tawh a kigelh hangin, “Semitic Pau” khat ahi, Hebrew
pau i huzapna zong hong kihel veve hi. Lungdamna thu bute, Mangmuhna bu leh James
bute ah kilang deuh hi. Lungdamna thu bu Luke leh Hebrew laibute leuleu Greek pau
siangtho tawh kigelh hi. Laikhakte ah Hebrewte ciimna leh Greekte thuthuk theihnate
kigawm khawm hi.
Thuciam Thak sunga kizang Greek kammal pen kicing mahmah hi. “Itna” cih
genna veve ahi “Eros” kammal bang Thuciam Thak sungah kizang lo hi. Tua mah bangin,
“Pilna” a dang khat” cih kammalte zong a nam tuamtuam om a, a kizatna zong kibang
lo pah hi. Kammal pawlkhat LST Thak ah a kizat ciangin a khiatna thukzaw hong nei hi.
“Nuntakna”, “Sihna”, “Minthanna”, “Thangpaihna” cihte LST Thak ah a kizat ciangin a kizat
ngeina sangin a khiatna thukzaw hi. Kammal khatkhatte in khiatna thak hong nei-in, a
khiatna masa bang hong bei hi. “Tui”, “Sawpsiangna”, “Tuiphumna” cihte in khiatna thak
hong nei hi. LST Thak sunga kammal pawlkhatte Thuciam Lui Greek pau tawh a kiteina
Septuagint bek ah kimu hi. “Vun atna”, “Milimbiakna”, “Samsiatna” (Anathema), “Jewte’
kithehthangna” (Diaspora) leh Pentecostte ahi hi. Pau dang panin kikawm zong om a,
“Alleluia” leh “Amen” bang Hebrew pan hi-in, “Abba, Mammon leh Corbante” Aramaic
pan ahi hi. Greek laigelh dan pen Hebrew sangin madawkzaw in kicianzaw pah hi. Tuhun
a Manglai gelh dan tawh a kibatna tampi om hi. LST Thak pen a laibu zui-in, a laigelh-
zia uh zong a tuamtek ahi hi. Leitungah kampau khat peuhpeuh in kicin-lahna a nei tek
ahi zongin, LST kigelhna Hebrew, Aramaic leh Greek pau leh laite in mite tungah Pasian’
thuthuk puaksawn nadingin a hoih penpen kampaute leh laite ahi hi.
·····0·····
7 HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU
“Tanakh” in Hebrewte LST hi-a, Christiante in “Tanakh” pen Thuciam Lui ci uh hi. Mi
pawlkhat in “Tanakh” leh “Torah” pen tel khial thei zel uh hi. “Tanakh” a kicih ciangin “To-
rah” (Thukham laibute), “Neviim” (Kamsang laigelh bute) leh “Ketuvim” (Laigelh laibute)
kici khenpi 3 teng LST bu khat in a gen ahi hi. Hih khenpi 3 teng pen a bu 22?/ 24 kisuah kik
in laibu khat in kikhen khia a, tua pen Hebrewte LST “Tanakh” kici hi.
Torah
“Torah” a khiatna taktak pen “Thuhilh” cihna ahi hi. “Torah” pen Jewte upna bulpi
kithuhilhna a gen nuam ahi hi. “Torah” bu sungah Moses laibu 5 te om hi. Tuate in (Pi-
ancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna) bu teng ahi hi. “Torah”
pen “Tanakh bu” ah a kikhen khia masa penpen ahi hi. “Torah” pen “Chumash” zong kici
hi. Hebrew kammal nambat 5 genna “Chamesh” panin hong pai ahi hi.
Banghang hiam cihleh “Torah” pen bu 5 pha hi. “Chumash” in Greek panin hong
pai “Penta” nambat 5 cihnopna leh Mikang kamin “Pentateuch” a cih tawh khiatna a
kibang ahi hi. Jewte biakinn sungah “Torah Laizial” in “Sefer-Torah” kici hi. Moses laigelh
bu 5 te tua sungah kihel hi. Jew mi khempeuh in “Torah laigelhte” pen thupi a sak penpen
uh lai ahi hi. Torah in Jew khempeuhte biakna tawh kisai LST leh kithuhilhna in a siksan uh
laibu ahi hi.
Bereshit (Piancilna)
Piancilna in piansakna thu nih gen a, a masa in Adam le Eve leh Noah thugen hi.
Tua khit ah Abraham, Isaac leh Jacob (Tuanpupate) tungtawnin khangthu kizopna gen
hi. Tua ciangin Jacob’ tate tangthu leh a diakdiak in Egypt gamah Joseph nuntakna leh
Egypt gamah Joseph sihna tawh mansak hi.
HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU | 89
Shemot (Paikhiatna)
Egypt gam a Jewte saltanna thu gen a, Moses khut nuai panin hotkhiatna a
ngahna uh zong gen hi. Egypt gam panin paikhiatna leh Sinai Mual ah Pasian’ kilaakna
zong gen hi. Sehnel gam sungah thupiak 10, thupiak dangdangte leh biakbuk lamna
ding vai thupiaknate, Paikhiatna laibu sungah kimu thei hi.
Vayikra (Siampi Laibu)
Thukhamte leh a genkikna thu (Narrative) bek gen hi. Pasian in Moses tungah
siampite zuih ding, meihal biakpiakna ah zuih ding, sianthona leh kumpi thukham leh
mawhna palsatna thukhamte zong hilh hi.
Bamidbar (Gamlakvaakna)
Sehnel gamah Jewte koici khualzin uh hiam cih thu gen hi. Thukan 12 te tangthu
leh khualzin in a pai kawikawinate uh zong pulaak hi. Gamlakvaakna a tawpna ah khap-
sa gamnuam Canaan tawh gamgi a tun un, Egypt gam panin a din khiat uh kum 40 a
cinna thute gen hi.
Devarim (Thuhilhkikna)
“Torah” (Thukham) hilhna etkikna leh Moses a sih ma-in Israel mite tungah kam-
vai khak genna ahi hi. Thukham thu zong cian takin kihilhna zong ahi hi. A tawpna ah
Moses sihna zong gen hi. Hih “Torah” bute pen Pasian kammal hi-a, Pasian in Moses
tungtawnin a gelh ahi hi. Hih Torah bute pen a kigelh cil in a lian (Chapters) kikhen lo hi
(Gam.13:2). Hih Torah bute pen “Old Hebrew” tawh kigelh hi-a, “Mishnaic/tulai Hebrew
laite tawh kilamdang mahmah hi. Tua bang ahih hangin Israelte in tel cian mahmah lel
uh hi. Mikangte in William Shakespear laigelh a tel dan un tel uh hi. “Torah” in Tanakh LST
bu ah a masa pen ahi hi.
Neviim (Kamsangte)
Jewte in Moses pen kamsang lian pen hi ci uha, ama nungah kamsang lian Moses
bang hong khangkhia lo ding ci-in um uh hi. Tua bang ahih hangin kamsang dangte leh
Pasian’ kizopna nei hi cih um uh hi. Hih “Neviim laibu” sungah kamsang a kihelte in (Ye-
hoshua (Joshua), Softim (Thukhente), Shmuel (Samuel), Melakhim (Kumpite), Yeshayahu
(Isaiah), Yirmeyahu (Jeremiah), Yechezqel (Ezekiel) te ahi hi. Trei Ashar (Kamsangneute)
in Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habbakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai,
Zechariah, Malachi te ahi hi. Neviim in Tanakh LST ah a nihna ahi hi. “Neviim bute” sungah
kamsangte nuntakna tangthu leh mailam hilhkholhna thu kigen hi. Pasian in kamsangte
kam zangin a genopna thu amau tungtawnin gen hi. Kamsangte in amau ngeina danin
gen uh hi. “Neviim bu” sungah thungetna, late, gentehna, thugenna, laikhak, vauhilh-
na leh tangkona cihte kigen hi. Jewte gam Joshua khut nuai pan leitang a ngahna leh
Thukhente hun, Samuel, Saul, David leh biakinn masa tangthu kigen hi. Biakinn masa thu,
vau hilhna, leh Israel kamsangte kilapsangnate gen zom to hi. “Neviim bu” a tawpna ah
90 | HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU
biakinn masa kisiatna tawh thukhum hi. “Neviim bu” a gelh pen a kibang lo mite laigelh
ahi hi. Yehoshua (Joshua) bu pen Joshua gelh mah ahi hi. Softim (Thukhente) bu pen
Samuel gelh hi-a, Shmuel (Samuel) zong amah, Gad leh Nathan gelh ahi hi. Melakhim
(Kumpite) pen Jeremiah kamsangpa gelh ahi hi. Yeshayahu (Isaiah) pen Chizkiah (Heze-
kiah), Jewte kumpipa gelh ahi hi.
Yirmeyahu (Jeremiah) pen kamsang Jeremiah mah ii gelh ahi hi. Yechezqel (Eze-
kiel) leh Trei Ashar (Kamsangneute) in Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Na-
hum, Habbakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi te pen BC 400-300 kum kikaal in
laitheite gelh ahi hi, ci-in Jewte thuciin ah kiciamteh hi. Hih “Neviim bute” pen Pasian hu-
muap LST in sang uh hi. Kamsangte’ kammal pen Pasian’ kammal in pom uh hi. “Neviim
laibute” pen Pasian tawh kizopna a nei kamsangte laigelh ahi hi. Pasian gen thute amau
ciamteh uh hi. “Torah” leh “Neviim laibute” pen Pasian humuap laibu in sang uh hi. Bang-
hang hiam cihleh Moses in Pasian’ kamsangte sangin Pasian’ thugenna tel muhzaw ci
uh hi. “Neviim bute” pen mihonpite in sim uh hi. Hebrew pau tawh kigelh in lakam dan leh
thugen danin a hoih mahmah in kigelh hi.
Ketuvim (Laigelhte)
“Ketuvim” in “Laigelhte” cihna hi-a, mimal tangthu, paunak pilna thuthuk, late leh
lakam” bu khat kikhol khawm laibu ahi hi. Israel mite Babylon saltanna panin a gam
uah a ciah kik dong leh biakinn nihna thute genna kihel hi. A tawpna ah khangtangthute
(Divrei hayamim) a tomlaak in kigen hi. “Ketuvim bu” sunga kihel laibute in “Tehillim
(Late), Mishle (Paunak), Iyov (Job), Shir Hashirim (Solomon Late), Rut (Ruth), Ekha (Kah-
la), Kohelet (Thuhilhna), Eshter, Daniel, Ezra-Nechemiah (Nehemiah), Divrei hayamim
(Khangtangthute)” ahi hi. Hih “Ketuviim” laibute sungah bu 5 in “Hamesh Megillot” (Laizial
bu 5te) kici hi. Hashirim (Solomon Late), Rut (Ruth), Ekha (Kahla), Kohelet (Thuhilhna) leh
Eshter bute in “Hamesh Megillot” kici hi. “Ketuviim laibute” in a nunung pen “Tanakh” ahi
hi. Late, Paunak leh Solomon late pen amah leh amah kihilhna (Self-Explanatory) ahi hi.
Kahla in biakinn masa kisiatna leh saltanna hangin tamlawhna ahi hi. Thuhilhna in nun-
takna thu tawh kisai a bulpi i kitangsapna thuthuk takin lakam tawh hilhna ahi hi. Job in
dahna haksatna a tuah khit ciangin upna tawh kisai dotna thuthuk tak a neihna tangthu
pulaak hi.
Ruth leh Eshter in tangthu hi-a, “kumpi David’ suan leh Judah upna kikhelna” thu
gen hi. A nunung pen ah “Purim” tangthu kigen hi. Daniel leh Ezra-Nehemiah in “Tangthu
genna bu” ahi hi. Khangtangthute in tangthu a tomlak in genna ahi hi. “Ketuviim bute”
pen a gelh mi kibang lo hi. Tehillim (Late) a gelh pen David leh upa mi 10 ahi hi. Mishle
(Paunak) pen Chizkiah mite leh Judah kumpi khat in a gelh ahi hi, ci uh hi. Iyov (Job) in
Moses gelh ahi hi. Shir Hashirim (Solomon Late) in Chizkiah mite gelh hi-a, a phuak taktak
pen kumpi Solomon ahi hi. Rut (Ruth) pen Samuel gelh ahi hi. Ekha (Kahla) in Jeremi-
ah gelh ahi hi. Kohelet (Thuhilhna) in Chizkiah mite hi-a, ahi zongin a phuak a pan khia
(Composed) pen Solomon ahi hi, ci uh hi. Esther in mihonpite (Men of Great Assembly)
gelh ahi hi.
HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU | 91
Daniel in Daniel leh mihonpite (Men of Great Assembly) gelh ahihi. Ezra-Neche-
miah (Nehemiah) in Ezra gelh ahi hi. Divrei hayamim (Khangtangthute) in Ezra leh Nech-
emia (Nehemiah) gelh ahi hi. “Ketuviim laibute” in Pasian’ humuap LST in kipom in kisang
hi. Megillot laizialte Esther lo buang “Pawikhamna” ah a kisim lai ahi hi. Hashirim (Solo-
mon Late) in “Pesach pawi” ah kisim hi. Rut (Ruth) in “Shavuot ni” in kisim hi. Ekha (Kahla)
in “Av kha ni 9 ni” in kisim hi. Kohelet (Thuhilhna) in “Succot ni” in kisim a, Eshter in “Purim”
ciangin nihvei kisim hi. Late in kum khat sungin hun thupi tuamtuamte ah “thungetna” in
kisim hi. Late pen “Nisim thungetna” dingin kikhenkhia hi. A dang Tanakh LST dangte pen
kisim (Study) hi. “Ketuviim bute” ah Daniel leh Ezra lo siah Hebrew pau tawh a kigelh ahi
hi. Daniel leh Ezra pawlkhat in “Aramaic pau” tawh kigelh hi. A tunga thute pen Hebrewte
pomzia ahi hi.
Mishnah
“Torah” LST in kamletkhiatna (Interpretation) leh a cihnopna (Elucidation) theih
ding kitangsam mahmah hi. “Torah bute” pen ngeina pau tawh kamletkhiatna leh a cih-
nopna a khiatna a kihilhna thute in “Kampau Thukham” (Oral Law) ci uh hi. Jerusalem bi-
akinnpi a nihveina a kisuksiat khit ciangin “Kampau Thukham” om nawnlo hi. Tua ciangin
thukhamsia (Rabbis) tampite kikaikhawm in hih thute hong hilh khawm uh hi. “Mishnah”
cih ciangin “Thuhilhna” (Teaching) cihna ahi hi. Hih Mishnah hong kipat hun uh pen AD/
CE 200 kum pawl ahi hi. Mishnah pen khenpi (Sedarim) 6 in kikhen hi. Hih Mishnah khen-
pite in Zeraim –Seeds (Khaici), Moed –Occasions (Pawi thupite), Nashim – Womens (Nu-
meite), Nezikin-Damages (Kisiatna, Palsatna), Kedoshim-Holy Things (Siangtho vante),
Taharot -Purity issues (Siangthona Tawh kisaite) cihte ahi hi. Hih khenpi (Sedarim)te khat
simin kikhen a, tua a khenpi pen “Tractates” kici hi. Hih “Tractates” in a lian (Chapter) ki-
khen a, khen-neuneu (Sub-division) in kikhen lai hi. Hih khen-neuneu (Sub-division) leh
a lian (Chapters) te pen “Halachot” kici hi.
Zeraim (Seeds) in lokhawh singpuak nasep leh thungetna tawh kisai thukham
laibu ahi hi. Moed (Occasions) in Sabbath, pawite leh antan hun tawh kisai thukham
laibu ahi hi. Nashim (Womens) in nupa kaal sianthona, kiteenna leh kikhenna tawh kisai
thukham laibu ahi hi. Nezikin (Damages) in mihon gamtatna, mawhna thukham (Crim-
inal law), kumpi ki-ukna leh gamtat hoihna tawh kisai thukham laibu ahi hi. Kedoshim
(Holy Things) in biakinnpi, meihalbiakpiakna leh Kashrut tawh kisai thukham laibu ahi
hi. Taharot (Purity issues) in ngeina sianthona leh siantholohna, numei niin neihna tawh
kisai thukham laibu ahi hi. Tulmud sungah hih thute a huampi in om hi. Mishnah in khenpi
nih in kikhen lai hi. “Lampi” a cihna “Halachah”, in Jewte’ nisim nuntakzia a lak lampi Jew
thukham leh “A tuamtuam kigelhna laibute” a cihna “Aggadah” ahi hi. “Aggadah” laibu
sungah a piang taktak tangthu, thuciin tangthu, phuah tawm tangthu, tangthu a kitel
dingin genkhiatna leh pilna tawh muhzia tuamtuamte’ thu bu ahi hi. Hihte pen thukham
zuihna tawh kisaisak lo uh hi. Mishnah in “Torah bute” hilhcianna a bawl loh hangin Tana-
kh ii a cihnopna, kammal khiatna gen veve hi. Tua manin “Mishnah” pen Jewte adinga
masa penpen “Encyclopedia” ahi hi. “Mishnah” pen Jew mipil minthang kipawlna khat
92 | HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU
ahi, “Tannaim” ci-in a kithei pawlte thuhilhna, a thupi mahmah teng a kikaikhawm ahi hi.
Hih Mishnah pen kampau tawh a khang a khang a kihilh sawnsawn thute hi-a, a hunhun
in Jew mite a kihilh pilna thuthukte, thuhilhna tuamtuamte leh thukham tawh kisai thute
kigawmna laibu zong ahi hi. Hih “Tannaim” te pen BCE 400 leh 200 CE kikaal a mipilte
ahi hi. Mishnah bu sungah “Tannaim” Jew mipil minthang mahmah a kihelte in Hillel,
Shammai, Gamliel, Akiva leh Yehuda HaNasi te ahi hi. “Tannaim” Jew mipilte laigelh ki-
kaikhawm laibu omlaite in “Tosefta, Baraitot leh Sifra” te hi-a, ahi zongin Misnah sungah
kihel kha lo hi. Hih Mishnah laibu sunga thuhilhnate a bu in hong bawl in khenpi 6 in, hoih
takin a bu a banban in gualhna (Sedarim) hong nei masa penpen in Jew mipil minthang
Hillel ahi hi. Amah pen Herod (BCE30-20 CE) hun a, a minthang mahmah mipil ahi hi.
Hilel ii sepsate a puah a zuun kik pen Akiva hi-a, ama khit ciangin Meir in puahpha hi. A
tawpna ah Yehuda HaNasi (Yehuda the Prince- Jewte kipawlna leh thukhenzum (Court)
a makaipipa) in 200 CE kumin Yavneh (Ashdod tawh kinai) sanginn panin tudong in a
kimangsuak Mishnah bu pen ama puahphat ahi hi.
Jew mi pawlkhat in Mishnah sunga thute pen Pasian’ humuap hi ci-in um uha,
Mishnah pen Sinai Mual tung panin Pasian in Moses tungah a piak thute hi-a, Moses
in kampau tawh a gen sawn kik hi ci-in um uh hi. Hih upna pen Jewte lakah sanzia ki-
lungtuak kim lo uh hi. Mishnah in Jewte thukhamte leh leitung pilna a muhzia uh hong
theisak hi. “Mishnah” pen Hebrew pau tawh kigelh hi. Tanakh LST gelhzia tawh kilamdang
mahmah hi. Mishnah a kigelh hun lai-in Aramaic pau pen Hebrew pau bangin nisim
nuntakna a kizang kampau ahi hi. Hebrew pau pen thukham tawh kisai mun leh siangtho
biakpiakna bek ah kizang ahi hi. Mishnah kigelhna Hebrew in laigelhzia (Grammar) leh lai
kilamzia (Form) thak hong piangsak hi. Mishnah pen kamletkhiatna tawh a kisim ahi hi.
Mishnah pen tel hak lua mahmah ahih ciangin “Gemara” tawh sim khawm leng tel baih
tuam hi.
Zera’im Mishnah Laibu
(Khaici) Bu
Thuphapiakna, Ankaihkhopna, Citpiakna, Kibanglo Nam tua-
Mo’ed mtuamte, Kum Sagihna, Piakkhiatna, Sawm ah Khat, Anpiakna,
(Pawite) Bu Gah leh teh kungnote
Na’sim Tawlngak Ni, A Kithuap Tawkngak Ni, Paisan Pawi, Shekel Piakna,
(Numeite) Bu Siansuah ni, Bukpawi, Ngeina Pawi Ni Thupi, Kum Thak Pawi, An-
Neziqin tan Nite, Esther Laibu, Pawi Laita Nite, Biakpiakna Pawi
(Kisiatna) Bu
Mo thu, Kitenna ah Kisemte, Kiciamna, Nazirte Kiciamna, Ang-
Qodasim kawm numeite, Kimakna Liau sum, Zuthawlpiakna
(A Siangtho Nate) Bu
Kongpi Masa, Kongpi Laita, Kongpi Nunung, Sehedrinte (Sehen-
drin), Saatna leh Gawtna), Kiciamnate, Teci genna, Milim Biak-
na, Pate, Kithuhilhna
Gantawh Biakna, An tawh Biakna, An leh tui ding gangawhna,
Tacil, Kamciam Tangtungsakna, Ai-awh Biakna, Kithahkhakna,
Thukham Palsatna, Nisim zing leh nitak biakpiakna, Tawitehna,
Vasa Tawh Biakna)
HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU | 93
Teharot Tuiluanna bawlna, Tenna, Phaknatna Kipatzia, Bawngno San,
(Siangthona) Bu Sianthona, Tuikhuk/Tuikholna, Siantholohna (Numei niin), Tuisik,
Meima, Siantholoh Nite, Khut leh khete, Buhtu leh Buhkung
Tulmud (Gemera)
“Tulmud” cihpen “Mishnah leh Gemara” kigawm lai ahi hi. “Mishnah” pen a tom
a kician (Precise) leh tomno in hilhcianna (Terse Verse) in kigelh hi-a, Rabbiste’ kikupna
leh a hilhcian-kikna (Analyse) ahi hi. Gemera ciangin Mishnah leh Tannaim (400 BEC-
200CE) mipilte laigelh kikupsate kikaikhawm lai thupite ahi hi. “Tannaim” mipilte in a gel-
hkhiat zawh kum 300 khit ciangin Mishnah (200-500CE) kum kikaal a kigelhkhia ahi hi.
Jerusalem Tulmud leh Babylonian Tulmud nam nih om hi. Tulmud in a thu sau mahmah
lai bu ahi hi. “Gemera” in “Mishnah hilhcianna” ahi hi. Babylonian Tulmud leh Jerusalem
Tulmud in Mishnah a hilhcianna dan, a sunga om thute kibang lo hi. Khatveivei Gemera
bek pen “Tulmud” kici hi. A taktakin maan khin tuan lo hi. Mishnah sungah zong Tulmud
sung thute om zel hi. Tulmud a hibang lianin a khiatna in “Kansut/pilna sinna” (Study)
cihna ahi hi. Tulmud in nasepna (Labours), ngaihsutna (Opinions) leh tanglai Jew mipilte
thuhilhnate hi-a, kum 300BCE -500CE kikaal a, LST mipite zuih ding thukham thu leh biak-
na hong khantohna kankhiatna laibu ahi hi. Babylonian Tulmud in Volume 20 nei in sau
mahmah a, Jerusalem Tulmud sangin neuzaw hi. Jerusalem Tulmud ahih leh Babylonian
Tulmud sangin Volume 3 in golzaw hi. Hih Babylonian Tulmud leh Jerusamlem Tulmud te
nih version in Mishnah tawh kibang hi.
Mishnah pen bu khat hi-a, hih Version nihte sunga thute a taangpi in om hi. Ahi
zongin “Gemera” tawh kilamdang pha mahmah hi. Babylonian Tulmud in thuneihna a
nei laibu in kingaihsun hi-a, Jew mite in thu a gen ciangin hih Babylonian Tulmud bu
siksan phadiak uh hi. Mishnah khempeuh lah “Gemera” hituan lo leuleu hi. Khat zawzaw
bel Tulmud kici thei veve hi. Babylonnian Tulmud sungah Gemera sungah a kigen Seder
Zeraim (Seeds) lokhawh singpuak tawh kisai Israel leitang thute kihel lo hi. Babylonian
Tulmud sungah kician in hilh lo mawk hi. Seder Teharot (Purity) nisim nuntakna ah sian-
thona tawh zuih ding thu tawh kisai “Gemera” sungah khauhtak in gencian tuan lo leuleu
hi. Tulmud sungah Mishnah leh Gemera khauhtakin a kigen hangin Tulmud hilhcianna
puahphate ah laibu tampi ki-omsak zel hi. “Torah” pen Jewte nuntakna bulpisiksan LST
hi-a, Tulmud pen Jewte pilna sinna (Study) leh thuthuk ngaihsutna (Thought) mungtup
khuampi (Central Pillar) ahi hi. Tulmud leh Mishnah a buluanzia a kigualhdan kibang hi.
Mishnah hilhcianna ahi (Gemera) tangzaizaw hi. Mishnah in Jewte thukham (Halachah)
tawh kisai limtak gen a, Tulmud in “Halachic” buaina (Issues) lam tawh kisai kankhiatna
lam gen hi. Ahih hangin Tulmud a kipua koih cih hituan lo hi.
Tulmud in nuntakna, ngeina, upna leh Jewte’ thuciinte kikholna innpi khat bang
ahi hi. Zatui thu, aksi thu, sumbawlsumzuakna thu, lokhawhsingpuakna thu, ai siamna
thu, ganhing thu leh singkung thu tawh kisai Tulmud in sut phadiak hi. Paunak leh Rab-
biste tangthu Mishnah tawh kizopkhakna a nei lo te thu zong Tulmud sungah om hi. Tul-
mud in thukham lam khentatna hi lo a, thumaan in bang hiam cih khentat theihna thubu
94 | HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU
hizaw hi. Thu leh la tampi a kicingin kigelh hi. Babylon Tulmud in Babylon gam sunga
“Amoraim” mipilte’ paunak leh thuhilhnate kikaikhawmin laibu a kibawl ahi hi. “Amoraim”
i cihin “Gemera” hilhcianna vaipuak nei mipilte suan leh khakte (Generations) hi-a, hih
Amoraim mipilte pen 200-500CE kikaal a nungtate ahi hi. Amoraimte in Mishnah thu ki-
ciantakin tel ding kitangsam sa uha, hilhcianna hong bawlkhia uh hi. Babylonian Tulmud
thuhilhna kaikhawm in a gelkhia masa pen Rav Ashi leh Rav Inate hi-a, 500CE kum pawl
ahi hi. Jerusalem Tulmud i cih leuleu pen Palestine gam sunga om mipilte’ paunak leh
thuhilhnate a kikaikhawm laibu ahi hi. Tua ahih manin mipilte mun nih panin khangkhia
ahih manin a ngaihsutna uh leh a pilna muhzia uh ngeina lui pen Mishnah hilhna tawh
kilamdang hi. Jerusalem Tulmud pen Babylonian Tulmud sangin kum 100 bang upazaw
a, 400 BCE kum pawl dingin kilamen hi.
Tulmud pen a khangkhang a mipilte in puah in zuun toto uh ahih manin Mishnah
bangin Tulmud in Pasian’ humuap hi ci-in Jew pawlkhat in um uh hi. Mishnah bangin
Tulmud zong muhzia kithutuah-lohna zong om hi. Tulmud in Jew thukham (Halachah)
thu leh la tuamtuam kigelhna ahih zenzen hangin Torah LST tawh kizopna nei hi. Tulmud
nihte’ thuneihna kikim lo hi. Babylonian Tulmud in thuneihna a nei laibu ahi hi. Banghang
hiam cihleh Jerusalem Tulmud sangin Babylon Tulmud in a kikaikhawm nunungzaw ahih
man ci uh hi. Babylonian Tulmud in Jerusalem Tulmud sangin thu leh la a kicingin kigel-
hzaw banah, pilna leh thutheihna muibun zaw hi. Hih Tulmud pen Aramaic pau tawh a
tamzaw kigelh hi. Ahih hangin Hebrew pau tawh zong kigelh veve hi. Tulmud kiciantakin
theihna dingin midang kampau dangte kizang kawikawi hi. Aramaic pau pen Aramean
behnamte pau hi-a, kum 100 BCE khit ciangin Middle East a om minam tampite in a zat
taangpau hong suak hi. Babylonian Tulmud pen Nisuahna gam Babylon gam a teeng
Jewte pau zat Aramaic pau tawh kigelh hi-a, Jerusalem Tulmud in Nitumna gam Pal-
estine gam a teeng Jewte pau zat Hebrew pau tawh kigelh ahi hi. Nisuahna lam leh
Nitumna lamte kampau kibang lo hi. Aramaic pau pen Hebrew pau tawh kinai mahmah
hi. Kammal zat khop zong tam mahmah hi.
Midrash
“Midrash” cihpen Tanakh buppi hilhcianna laibu ahi hi. Mishnah in “Aggadah”
sunga om thute telciansakna ahi hi. “Aggadah” thulupi sungah a om thulute in a piang
taktak tangthu, thuciin tangthu, phuah tawm tangthu, tangthu a kitel dingin genkhiatna
leh pilna tawh muhzia tuamtuamte ahi hi. Thukham tawh kisai kha lo hi. Midrash in Mish-
nah kammal zat bulpi Hebrew kam, “Darash” pan hong pai hi-a, “A cihnopna zongkhia
ahk a deihna sittel” cih khiatna nei hi. Midrash in Tanakh sittelna leh kamletkhiatna laibu
ahi hi. A khiatna a thukzaw in suutna zong kici thei hi. Midrash laibu kibang lo-in a tua-
mtuam tampi om hi. A golpenpen Midrash in “Midrash Rabbah” (The Great Midrash) ahi
hi. Hih sungah laibu volume tampi om hi. A dang laibute in Pesikta (Divisions), Mechilta
(Treaty), Sifra (Book) leh Sifre (Books) te ahi hi. Midrash in thulu tampi huam ahih manin
zai mahmah hi. Torah a khiat ciangin a hibang lianin letkhia hi. A malmal in sittelna nei-in
Tanakh a hoih thei pen in khiat ding hanciam uh hi. Tangthu kigente a kaallak thu a kis-
HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU | 95
am a omte behlap uh hi. Midrash nampi nih in kikhen hi. “Midrash Aggadah leh Midrash
Halachahte” ahi hi. “Aggadah” in a piang taktak tangthu, thuciin tangthu, phuah tawm
tangthu cihte a kitelna dingin genkhiatna leh pilna tawh muhzia tuamtuamte hilhcian
a, Midrash Halachah in thukham deihna leh Tanakh LST deihna bulpite letkhia hi. Hih
Misdrah pen Pasian’ humuap laibu in kisang hi. Midrash a kikaihkhop hun pen “Amor-
aim mipilte” hun (200-500 CE) kumin kiletkhia ahi hi. Midrash pawlkhat bel a diakdiak in
Pesikta (Divisions), Mechilta (Treaty), Sifra (Book) leh Sifre (Books) te in “Tannaim mipilte”
hun (BCE 400-200 CE) kum kikaal a kiteikhia ahi hi. Midrash pen a kiteisawn kum BC 300-
1200 AD kum kikaal hi-a, kum 1000 val bang sawt hi.
A kaikhawm laigelhte kua cih a tamzaw min kithei lo hi. Tanakh panin tangthu
tampi a kihilh pen Midrash pan a kila vive hi pian hi. Tuhun Hebrew pau tawh Midrash
hong letkhiate in Zionistte ahi hi. Tu-in Midrash in biakna lai (Literature) leh LST khat in
kisin hi. Midrash in Tulmud mah bangin Hebrew leh Aramaic pau tawh kigelh hi. Pawlkhat
pen Hebrew pau tawh hi-in, pawlkhat pen Aramaic pau tawh hi-a, pawlkhat ciangin hih
pau nih kigawmkhawm in kigelh hi. Soncino in Volume 10 a pha in letkhia a, letzia hoih leh
gelhzia hoih kisa mahmah hi. A tam man mahmah laibu khat hi-a, Jewte laibusaal ah
om hi. Hih a tunga thu i kikupte pen Jewte lai (Literature) tawh kisai vive ahi hi. Hih Jewte
lai (Literature) i theih manin LST sinna ah hong huh tuam mahmah hi.
Thuciam Lui Hebrew Laithei Mipilte
LST a kigelh masa pente BC 1500 kum pawl a kigelh hi-a, a nunung pente BC 400
kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi. Ezra, Nehemiah leh Malachi bute pawl ahi hi. Hebrewte in laitei
nasep a sem mi a tuam in nei ngiat uh hi. LST sunga laithei (Scribes) a kicite ahi hi. Hih
laiteite in LST a khiatna zong gen uh hi. LST Lui pen hih laiteite bek in tei uh ahih manin
LST thak bangin a kitei khial tam lo hi. A khial khat a muh uh leh susia pah lianlian uh
ahih manin khutgelhlai (Manuscripts) zong tam om lo pah hi. Hih laitheite in LST a gelh
uh ciangin sa siangtho vun bek zang uh hi. Sa nin vunte zang lo uh hi. A vun a neuna a
golna zong kibang sitsetsak uh hi. Laitui pen a vom bek zang uh hi. Laimai khat ah gual
48-60 kikaal phasakin gual khat ah laimal 30 ta gelh uh hi. Lai a tei ma un kisil phot in Jew
ngeina puante silh uh hi. “Pasian” cih kammal bang a gelh uh ciangin kidawm phadeuh
lai uh hi. Laitei a zawh uh ciangin amau gelh leh a etteh pen uha kibang hiam ci-in a mal
phazah dong simkik in sittelna nei uh hi. Hih LST teite in a hunhun in min tuamtuam na nei
uh hi. BC 500-300 kum kikaal a LST teite pen “Sopherim” kici a, hih mite in LST Lui hoih takin
kem uh hi. BC 200-100 kum kikaal a LST teite pen “Zugoth” kici a, BC 100-AD 200 sunga LST
teite pen “Tanaim” kici hi.
AD 300-500 kum sunga LST teite pen “Talmudic” kici uha, AD 500-AD 1000 sunga
LST teite pen “Masoretes” kici hi. Masoretic Text cih kammal pen hihte min pan a kingah
ahi hi. Masoreteste in Hebrew LST ah awsuaksak laimal (Vowels) te hong bulh uh hi. Tua
hun ma-in Hebrew LST ah awsuaksak laimal (Vowels) te om lo-in, Laimal bulpi (Con-
sonants) bek om hi. Hih Masoreteste sung panin Ben-Chayyin kicipa bawl Hebrew LST
Thuciam Lui panin King James Version a kiteikhia ahi hi. Ahi zongin tuhun Hebrew LST
96 | HEBREW LAITE LEH LAI THEITE THU
kitam zat penin Biblia Hebraica ahk Moses ben Asher leh a tapa Aaronte bawl ahi hi. Hih
patate in khutgelhlai “Codex Leningradenis leh Allepo Codex” te bulphuh uh hi. 1947 kum
pan 1956 kum dong Sih Tuipi kiim ah kawhawm 11 kito in AD 100-300 kikaal a kigelh khut-
gelhlai tampi kimu thak hi. Tua laigelhte leibeel sungah kikoih hi. Christiante bawlsiatna
a om ciangin kawhawm sung khawngah a bu kawikawi “Essenes” kici pawlte kep hi din-
gin ki-um hi. Hih khutgelhlaite pen Sih Tuipi Laizialte (DSS) kici hi. Hih Sih Tuipi Laizialte leh
Masoretic Text kibang mahmah ahih manin LST a maanna kilangsak tuam mahmah hi.
LST Lui pen a khangkhangin a kician mahmah a kitei suksuk ahih manin khutgelhlaite ah
a gen tham kilamdang om lo hi. Hih a tunga i gen Hebrewte’ laite leh lai thei mipilte thu
thei cian leng LST thusinna ah hong huh mahmah hi.
·····0·····
8 THUCIAM LUI THU KONG HONG
Mi pawlkhatte in LST Thuciam Lui bute pen Pasian kammal in sang zo lo-in, He-
brewte tangthu bu hi lel ci-in gen thei uh hi. Christian tampite in Thuciam Lui leh ei kisaina
om lo a ci peuh om hi. Ahi zongin Thuciam Lui pen Pasian’ kammal hi-a, tuhun Christiante
ading zong ahi hi. LST Thuciam Lui om lo-in Thuciam Thak om thei lo hi. LST Thuciam Thak
om lo-in Thuciam Lui zong kicing thei lo hi. Thuciam Lui Pasian pen Thuciam Thak Pasian
mah ahi hi. Thuciam Lui hun Tapa Jesuh zong vantung mi meel pua in (Theophany) tam-
veipi kilang hi. Thuciam Lui a thu kigente Jesuh in tangtungsak hi (Lk.24:25-27,44-45) cih
Thuciam Thak ah kiciamteh hi. Topa Jesuh in Thuciam Lui LST Pasian kammal thuneihna
a nei laibu in na sang hi. A susia dingin hong pai a hih loh lam na gen a, van leh lei a
manthang zongin ka thukham (LST) sunga laimal neupen nangawn mangthang lo ding
hi, ci-in na gen hi (Matt.5:17-18). Paul in Timothy tungah, “LST khempeuh Pasian humuap
hi (2 Tim.3:14-14) ci-in na gen hi. “LST khempeuh” cihin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak
genna ahi hi. Tua hunin Thuciam Thak kigelh nai lo hi. Thuciam Lui pen Jewte ading bek
hilo-in Gentail ta ding zong ahih lam Gentail pawlpi Rome khua pawlpi mite tungah a
laikhakna kimu hi (Rom.15:4). Paul in Timothy kiangah Pasian kammal (Thuciam Lui) hilh
in ci-in vaikhak hi (2 Tim.4:2).
Thuciam Lui Piankhiatna Gam Leh Lei
Thuciam Lui hong piankhiatna gam leh lei in kisai mahmah hi. Thuciam Lui hong
piankhiatna pen Nisuahna gam lam hi-a, Africa, Europe leh Asia gamte ahi hi. Tuhun in
“Middle East” kicihna mun ahi hi. Hih gamah gun liante om ahih manin lei hoih mahmah
hi. Nisuahna lam Armenia gam mualtung pan a hong luangkhia Tigris leh Euphrates
gunte nih om hi. Tangthu siamte in hih mun pen “Mesopotamia” ci uha, a khiatna pen
“Gun kikaal a leitang” cihna ahi hi. Mesopotamia gam in tuhun a Iraq gam tawlam, Iran
gam Nitumna Khanglam pan kipanin, Syria gam leh Turkey Nisuahna Khanglam dong
98 | THUCIAM LUI THU KONG HONG
huam kha hi. Nitumna Khanglam tai 550 na ah Nile gunpi Egypt gam tawlam panin hong
luangto a, Mediterranean tuipi ah lut hi. Nisuahna lam leh Nitumna lam kikaal ah a gol
khol lo leitang hoih om a, tua pen Lebanon gam leh Israel gam leitang ahi hi.Thuciam Lui
hunin thupiangte hih lai mun a piang ahi hi. Thuciam Lui hong piankhiatna gamte in Afri-
ca, Europe leh Asia gamte ahi hi. Tua ahih manin LST sunga singkung, lopate leh ganhing
a kigente pen hih gam sunga piangte ahi hi.
Canaante a ngeina tuamtuamte leh Israelte’ ngeinate zong kimu thei hi. Canaan
gamah mual leh guam zong om hi (Thhkna.11:11). Abraham in biakna tau a lamna Bethel
pen Mediterranean tuipi maitang pan pi 3000 bang sang hi. Bethel pan Nisuahna lam tai
4-5 khawng a pai hileng, gam mangtu lak hi-in, thakhat in na kikho khiat in a nuai lam tai
khatna khawngah Jordan gun luang hi. Canaan gam pen Zogam mah bangin mualte
“V” lim vive hi-a, kizopna zong haksa mahmah hi. Kithutuah nading zong baih lo pah lian
hi. Mesopotamia gam bangin Canaan gamah gun lian om lo hi. A om sunsun Jordan
gun pen tuipi maitang sang a niamzaw ah luang ahih manin khamgamte ah lokhawhna
ding leh gankhawi nadingin hih gun kizang thei lo hi. Tui haksa ahih manin lokho mite
leh gankhawite kikaal nangawn ah kitot kiseelna om thei mahmah hi. Tui tawm lua ahih
manin guah tam kei leh kial zong tung thei hi. Abraham leh a tupa Jacob bang zong
kialpi na tuak ngei uh hi. Hih gam pen upna kize-et nadingin mun hoih khat ahi hi. An
nek tuidawn haksatna bek zong hilo-in, minam tuamtuam kigawm-tuahna hi-a, ngeina
leh biakna zong a tuam tek mah hipah hi. Tua ahih manin, Israel mite in mi namdangte
ngeina leh biakna peuh a zuih khak loh nading un, Pasian in khauh takin genkhol hi (Thk-
na.11:16-17).
Pupa Ngeina
Ngeina leh tangthu pen kam a kigensawn pawl om in, lai tawh kiciamteh pawl
om hi. Lai tawh kiciamtehte bekmah kician ahih manin Canaan gam a om minam tua-
mtuamte’ ngeinate i kanna ah zong lai tawh kiciamteh kibulphuh hi.
Sumngo Hun (Bronze Age, 3100-1200 BC)
Hih hun sungin vanzat khempeuh phial sumngo tawh kibawl ahih manin “Sumn-
go Hun” a kici ahi hi. Suang hun (Stone Age) pan sumngo hun ah kahtohna pen khan-
tohna lianpi ahi hi. Suang hun in nuntakzia pen ganhing tawh kitam lamdan lo phial hi.
Ahi zongin, sumngo hun ciangin, khuapite hong piangin, sumzuak sum lei zong hong om
a, pupa ngeina zong hong piangkhia hi. Pilna zong khangin, ganan, ni, kha, aksite thu,
zato lam, upadi, sumbawl sum kholna, inn lamzia tawh kisai pilnate nakpi takin hong
khang hi. Hih khantohna khempeuh laigelh theihna tawh kizom hi. Mesopotamia gam a
lai kigelh masa pente i et ciangin sum zuak sum leina leh gankhawinate tawh kisai ahi hi.
Khuapite hong piangin, khuapi khat pen gam khat hong suak a, kumpi zong hong
om pah hi. Ni dang in innkuan khat a uk pen pate ahih hangin, tu-in kumpite in hong uk ta
hi. Pate bek thu tawh kivaihawm thei nawnlo hi. Hih kumpite lakah Egypt kumpi masa pen
ahi, Menes hong kilang deuh hi. Egypt gam Khanglam a khangkhia ahih hangin Egypt
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gam bup sak leh khang a vekpi-in uk hi. Menes hun a kipan Egypt gam buppi pumkhat
suak ahih manin kim leh paam ah a thahat pen gam hong suak hi. Kumpi khang, khang
18na dong pen Egypt kumpite a thahat pen laitak uh ahi hi. BC Kum zalom 15 na laizang
pawlin Egypt kumpi Pharoah Thutmose III in gamkeek dingin 17 vei gal kuan a, Canaan
gam khengin Asia gam Nitumna lam dong va la zo hi.
Galte van a laaksak teng leh a siahkaih teng tawh dawi biakna innpi tampi lamin
biakna pen Egypt mite nuntakna ah a thupi mahmah khat hong suak hi. Thutmose
kumpipa khit ciangin Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)te in Egypt
gamah kumpi sem uh hi. Hih a nunung kumpipa hun in gamvai leh biakna vai thubuai
tampi pianga, Egypt gam thakiam semsem in BC Kum zalom 12 laizang pawl a kipan
Egypt gam hong mangthang ta hi.
Siik Hun (Iron Hun, 1200-332 BC)
Siik hun in Levant kici Mediterranean tupi Nisuahna lam dungdung ah Egypt te
hun lai banga gam tampi a uk kum thahat om lo hi. Khua khat gam khat cihte pawl hong
piang kik hi. Khat veivei thahat nading ngimna tawh gam khat leh gamkhat kipawl uha,
ahi zongin, a sauvei lo-in amau leh amau mah kido kik zel thei uh hi. David hun in Philis-
tines te tawh kipawl zel, kido zel uh hi. Gam phel nih hong suah ciangin saklam gam leh
Aramaeans te kipawl zel kido zel uh hi. Hih hun sungin biakna thu ah Israelte in minam
dangte lawhzo lo-in, mi namdangte in Israelte lawhzaw uh hi. A kim a paam ah gam
thahat lua om lo ahih manin, David leh Solomonte khangin Israel gam peuh a kidawk
pen khat hong suak hi. Ahi zong sauvei ding zo tuan lo hi. BC Kum zalom 9 ciangin Assyria
makai Ashurnasirpal II kici pa in kumsial in gamsim in, hong zo a, a gam thahatna leh a
hauhna nakpi takin khangsak hi. Ama zalaihpa Shalmaneser III in zomto lai ahih main
Assyriate leitung bup ah a thahat pen hong suak a, Israel saklam gam hong la in, Khan-
glam gam zong dipkuasak den hi.
Lai Omzia
Hebrew lai (Thuciam Lui) in a nungta Pasian lai hi-in, a sunga om thute a vekpi-in
a maan ahi hi. Lai dangte tawh kiteh thei lo hi. Ahi zongin, Hebrew mite kim leh paam a
teeng mi namdangte in zong lai na nei uha, a tangthute uh zong Thuciam Lui sunga thu
om pawlkhat tawh kizawi tawn pian hi. Piansak na tawh kisai-in, “Atrahasis” genna ah
pasiante nasepna gim lua uh ahih manin amaute a huh dingin mihing piangsak uh hi, ci
hi. “Enuma Elish” in Babylon pasiante lakah Marduk a lianpen a suahna thu gen hi. Pasian
dangkhat ahi, “Tiamat” that in, a luanghawm tawh leitung bawl hi ci hi. Pasian dang khat
ahi, Kingu zong that in, a si tawh mihingte piangsak hi, ci hi. Egypt te tangthu ah Memphis
pasian “Ptah” in piansakna tawh kisai sem hi, ci-in kiciamteh hi. Tuiciin tawh kisai zong,
sumngo hun a Mesopotamia gam a lai kigelh khat ah, pasiante heh in leitungah tuiciin
tungsak uh hi. Ahi zongin, kumpi khat gunkuang tuang in suakta hi cih tangthu om hi. Tui
ciin tawh kisai Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Hurian mite laite ah zong kigen
kha tek hi. Egypt te laibu “Misite Laibu” (Book of Dead) kici sungah zong tuiciin thu om hi.
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Thukham
Thukham (Upadi) tawh kisai lai tampi Mesopotamia gam ah kimu hi. A masa
pen khat in, BC3000 beikuan a, Ur-Nammu kici kumpipa thukham ahi hi. Gitlohna, gam-
htatnate paaikhia in thumaan tak a nuntak nading tawh kisai gen hi. Tanglai thukhamte
lakah a minthang pen leh a kicing pen bel BC Kum zalom 18 na lai-a, Hamurabi gelh
thukham bu hi-a, khen 282 kikem lai hi. Mi dangte thukhamte leh Hebrewte thukham a
kibatna tampi a om hangin a lamdanna zong lian mahmah hi. Mi dangte thukhamte
kumpipa thuneihna tawh kibawl hi-a, Hebrewte thukham ahih leh Pasian mahmah in a
piak ahi hi. Hebrewte thukhamte pen ci leh sa leh leitung thu ciang bek hilo-in, kha thu
leh Pasian thu tawh kisai ahi hi. Thukham khat peuhpeuh a om nakleh Pasian thu tawh
a kisaina khat om hamtang hi. Gentehna in, Hamurabi thukham leh Hebrewte’ thukham
ah mithahna kikhaam tuak hi. Mi thatte daan kipia hi. Hebrewte thukham ah mi thahna a
kikhaamna pen mihingte Pasian lim leh meel sun a kibawl ahih manin mi khat i thah leh
Pasian lim leh meel a susia kisuak ahih man ahi hi. Ganhing khat peuh thah leh mihing
khat thah pen Hebrewte thukham ah kilamdang mahmah hi.
Kumpite Leh Kamsangte
Tanglai a kigelh laibu 400 khawng a kikaikhawm, “The Amarna Letters” kici sun-
gah Canaan gam leh Syria gam kumpite thu kicing takin kigen hi. Tua laite sungah hih
gamdang kumpite leh Israel kumpite kizopnate zong kikhum hi. Kamsangte tawh kisai-in,
Mesopotamia gam pan Egypt gam ciang dong, namdangte in zong kamsang na nei tek
uh hi. Egypt gam ah, “Admonition of Ipuwer” leh “Prophecies of Neferti” kici kamsangte
khutgelhlaite om a, kamsangte in mipite, kumpite a thuhilhna, mailam thupiang dingte a
genkholhnate uh kimu thei hi. Mespopotamia gam a, kamsangte laigelhnate ah kumpite
thu kinak gen pen hi.
Hebrew Laisiangtho
Hebrew LST ah thukham bu 5 (The book of Torah) Piancilna – Thuhilhkikna
bute hong pai masa hi. Tua khit ciangin kamsang masate (Former Prophets), Joshua,
Thukhente, Samuel, Kumpite, tua banah kamsang nunungte (Latter Prophets) Isaiah,
Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Kamsang neute laibu (Minor Prophets), a tawpna ah laigelhte- Late,
Paunak, Job, Solomon Late, Ruth, Kah La, Thuhilhna, Esther leh Tangthu bu ahi Daniel, Ez-
ra-Nehemiah, Khangtangthu cih bangin kigual hi. Thuciam Lui sunga kihel laibute pen a
vekpi-in Pasian humuap hi-a, laibu dangte tawh kibang lo hi. Thuciam Lui hun lai mahin
zong laibu dang tampi kigelh om a, ahi zongin tuate LST sungah kiguang lo hi. Tua laibute
Pasian humuap hi lo ahih manin a khial zong om a, LST tawh a kitukalh zong om hi. LST
sunga kihel ding laibute kum tampi khit cianga kinung khentat cih bang zong hi lo hi.
Pasian kammal ahih lam mite in thei pah lel uh hi. Joshua in Moses khutgelhlaite
Pasian kammal ahih lam thei ahih manin mipite zuih dingin na hanthawn hi. LST a kip-
iakna ah Pasian humuap ahih banah, a teisawnna ah zong Pasian in ompih ahih manin
tuni-in Pasian kammal ahi bangbang in a nei thei i hi hi. A teisawn mite kiciatzia Tulmud
THUCIAM LUI THU KONG HONG | 101
sungah kigen hi. Biakna siapi (Rabbi) khat in LST tei (Scribe) khat kiangah, “Ka ta aw, na
nasep vantung na ahih manin kidawm mahmah in. Laimal khat nusia kha lecin leitung
bup kisia ding hi” ci hi.
Laibu Masa Ngate (Pentateuch)
Mikang kamin “Pentateuch laibu” a kicite in “Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Lai-
bu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna” hih bu 5 teng ahi hi. Greek pau panin hong pai sawn
hi-a, a khiatna in “Nga” leh “Laibu” cihna ahi hi. Jewte in hih laibu ngate pen “Torah” ci
uha, “Thukham” ahk “Lamlak” a cihnopna hi-a, “Thuhilhna” cihna zong hi thei hi. Hih lai-
bu ngate in Moses gelh hi ci-in tangtawn pek pan a, a kisangsa ahi hi. Jesuh mahmah
in hih laibute Moses gelh hi ci-in gen hi. Piancilna pen Moses pian mapek a thupiang
ahih manin Pasian in humuapna tawh a gelhsak ahi hi. Piancilna bu losiah a omlai bu
4 sunga thupiangte ah Moses mahmah a kihelpi pen ahih manin tel mahmah ding hi.
Ahi zongin, laibu a gelh ciangin Pasian’ humuapna tawh a gelh ahi hi. Tuhun ciangin
upnapeeng nei mi pawlkhat in hih laibu ngate Moses kia gelh hilo-in, a gelh mi 4 leh 5
pha hi, ci-in gen uh hi. Ahi zongin, mun khat mun nih (Thuhilhkikna 34 te pawl) Joshua in
a nung gelh ahih leh cih lohngal a vekpi mahin Moses gelh hi cih tel takin kilak thei hi. A
gelh hun tawh kisai-in LST siam a tamzawte in BC1500 kum kiim dingin gen uh hi. Moses
laibu 5te bulphuh thute in piansakna leh mihing puukna, Pasian’ thuneihna, thuciamte,
hotkhiatna leh sianthona ahi hi.
Piancilna
“A kipatcil in Pasian in…” (Pian 1:1), leitung, vantung, mihingte leh na khempeuh
hong kipatna hih lai mun ahi hi. Pasian piansak ahi hi. Mangkam a “Genesis” pen Greek
pan a hong pai hi-a, “Kipatna bulpi” cihna ahi hi. Na khempeuhte’ kipatna bulpi in Pa-
sian ahi hi. Pasian in lei leh van piangsak in, tua khit teh Ama lim le meel suunin mihing
piangsak hi (Pian. 1-2). Mihing in a piang masa Adam leh Evete in Pasian thu a man loh
uh ciangin mawhnei hong suak uh hi (Pian.3). Mihing mawhna leh Pasian thuhilhna, Cain
leh Abel, tuiciin, Babel tausangte thu ah kimu thei hi. Mawhna thaman lian mahmah napi
mihingte mawh to veve uh hi. Pasian leh mihing kizopna a nawngkaisak pipen mawhna
ahi hi. Piancilna 11 a bei kuan ciangin Abraham hong kilang a, Pasian in Amah teel in thu-
pha nam thum kamciam hi. A masa in sim zawh loh a tam suan leh khak kamciamna ahi
hi. A nihna ah, gam hoih khat kamciam hi. A thumna ah, Abraham leh a suan a khakte
leitung bup adingin thupha suak ding ci-in kamciam pia hi. Piancilna bu a omlai tengah,
Abraham leh a zi Sarah thu, a suan a khakte thu kigen hi. A diakdiakin Isaac, Jacob, leh
Josephte thu kicing takin kigen hi. A kisuih khak zel uh hangin Pasian’ nung hanciam tak
a, a zuih sawm tintennate uh kimu hi. Amaute a tuam vilvel in gum a, a hotkhiatnate ahi
zongin gina zo ta kei le-uh Pasian in a thuak keeikainate ahi zongin tampi kimu hi. Abra-
ham suan leh khakte hong pungin, kialpi hangin Egypt a tunsuknate uh zong laibu taw-
pna lam ah kigen hi. Abraham thupha, Jacob min thak pua in hih minamte Israel hong
kici ta hi. Jacob ta 12 te’ minte pen “Israel nam 12te’ min” hong suak hi.
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Paikhiatna
“Ka mite paikhiasak in” (Pai.5:1). Hih LST mun, Moses kammal panin hih laibu min
hong piangkhia ahi hi. Mikang kamin “Exodus” kici a, a khiatna pen “Paikhia”, “Pusuak”
cihna ahi hi. Abraham suan leh khakte Egypt gam ah a teen zawh uh kum 400 bang
hong phak ciangin tam cihtak in hong tam uh hi. Egypt mite zong lunghimawh in Israel
mite a pung nawnloh nadingin naungek a suak masa sa pasal ahih leh that pahpah uh
hi. Nakpi in zong bawlsia uh hi. Hih hun laitakin Moses pianga, Pasian in kem ahih manin
kithat kha lo bek thamlo-in Egypt kumpi inn ah hong khangkhia hi. Tua panin gamlak ah
kum 40 sung tuucingin, Pasian in a mite honkhia dinga, a sap ciangin ut lopipi in mang hi
(Pai.1-4). Egypt kumpi Pharoah kiangah pai-in, Israel mite a paikhiatsak nadingin va gen
hi. Gimna lianpi tampi a tuah khit ciangin a tawpnna ah Egypt gam a tapa upapen teng
a sih ciangin Paraoh in Moses thu mangin Israel mite khahkhia hi. Paisan pawi in Topa
Jesuh hong tatkhiatna lim pua ahi hi (Pai.5-12).
Israel mite Egypt gam pan a suahtak uh hangin lam kaal ah haksatna tampi
phukha uh hi (Pai.13-18). Sinai Mual hong tun uh ciangin (Pai.19), Pasian in minam bup
tawh kiciamna bawl hi. Tua kiciamna ii tawphahpi-in “Thuciam Sawm” ahi hi (Pai.20).
Thukham 1 na pan 4 na ciang pen Pasian leh mihing kikaal kizopna hi-a, 5 pan 10 ciangin
mihing leh mihing kikaal kizopna tawh kisai thu ahi hi. Thukham 10, a ngah khit uh ciangin
Pasian in a kipua kawikawi thei ding biakbuuk khat lamsak hi. Pasian in sun in meiilim
tawh, zan in meikhuampi tawh a mite makaih hi.
Siampi Laibu
“Kei siangtho ka hih manin no zong na siangtho un” (Siam.11:44). Hih sawlna pen
Siampi Laibu ii thubulphuh ahi hi. Hih laibu sungah siangtho nading tawh kisai zuih ding
thu tampi om hi. Biakpiakna ah, siampite nasepna ah, nitna tuamtuamte ah, pawi bawl-
nate ah bang thu teng zui ding cih kimtakin kigen hi. Hih thute in Pasian a siangtho ahih-
na hong lak hi. Hih zuih ding thupiakte a tamzaw tua hun lai bek a zuih ding hi-in, Jesuh
in singlamteh tungah hong tatkhiat khit nungah thu-ummite tawh kisai nawnlo hi. A thu-
piak nungthute a hilhnopna a thuguipite et ding hizaw hi.
Siampi Laibu (Siam.1-17) kikaal, Israelte in Pasian a biakzia ding uh hilhna ahi hi.
Haltum biakpiakna, antang tawh biakpiakna, mawhna biakpiakna cih bangin biakpiak-
na a tuamtuamte, a mun leh a hun zui-a, mawhmai nading vive a, biakpiaknate ahi hi.
Biakna pia siampite kidop ding thute zong kigen a, biakpiakna a thaangbawlte ii tuah-
khak thute zong kigen hi. Siampi Laibu (Siam.18-27) sungah Pasian teeltuam mite khat
leh khat kizopzia ding cingtakin om hi. Numei pasal vai, nisim nuntakna, khialhna liante
bang cih ding, mizawngte leh khual mite bangci bawl ding cih tawh kisai zuih ding thu
tampi gen hi. Biakpiakna leh kiciamna tawh kisai thute zong om hi. Siampi Laibu in Pa-
sian siangthona bek hilo-in, Pasian ompihna zong lak hi. Israel mite in Pasian tawh om-
khawm gige uh ahih lam phawk in, Pasian thukham tawh kituak a, a nuntak ding uh ahi
hi.
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Gamlakvaakna
“Topa peuhmah langdo kha kei un” (Gam.14:9). Gamlakvaakna Bu pen Mangkam
in “Numbers” kici a, Greek kamin “Arithmoi” pan a hong pai sawn ahi hi. A khiatna pen
“Nambat” cihna ahi hi. Hih laibu sunga mipi phazah kisimna lian nih a omte bulphuhna
ahi hi. Hebrew kamin “Gamlakah” cihna hi-a, ei Zokam LSTte ah tua a kilazaw ahi hi. Is-
rael mite gamlakah kum 40 vilvel kawi vakvak uh ahih manin Gamlakvaakna i cih pen a
kituak mahmah ahi hi. Gamlakvaakna bu khen thum in kikhen thei hi. Gamlakvaakna 1:1-
10-10 ciangin thupatna hi-a, Sinai Mual bul a giahphual a satna uh leh thuhilhna tuamtu-
amte kigen hi. Gamlakvaakna 10:11-21 sungah gamlakvaakna sunga a kithawina thute uh
om hi. Pasian ta, Israel mite’ ginat zawh lohna hih laibu ah kibulphuh pen hi. Phunphun
ciakciak in, Moses thuneihna khawng peuh simmawh bawl uh hi. Pasian um lo ahih ma-
nun lau in linglawng uh hi. Canaan gam en ding kisawl mi a tamzaw tham in lungki-
at nading thu hong puak uh hi. Siampi khat in langdo ding vai thugen in nei-a, Moses
mahmah in Pasian thu mang lo-in, mipite in Baal milim bia uh hi. Hih thuman-lohnate in
thuakna daan nasia mahmah vive tun hi. Pulnatna, sihna, phaakna, gal-lelhna khapsa
gam tun zawh lohnate piangsak hi. Moses leh Aaron nangawn Canaan gam lut kha lo uh
hi. Pasian in mawhna zangkhai ngaihsut lo hi. A lungdamhuai thu khat ah, bang zahin a
mite gina lo himah taleh Pasian in a mite nusia suak ngeilo-in, thuhilh in, tawsat a, Ama
geelna a tangtun dong sem veve hi.
Thuhilhkikna
“Na Topa Pasian na lungsim khempeuh… tawh it in” (Thuhkna 6:5). Thuhilhkik-
na bu pen Mangkam in “Deuteronomy” kici a, “Thukham nihna” cih khiatna nei hi. Ahi
zongin, thukham thak hilo-in, a kipiasa thukham mah thaksuahsakna hizaw hi. Kum 40
hong cingin, Canaan gam lut dinga, a kithawi uh ciangin khang thak vive hong hita ahih
manin na khempeuh thaksuahsak kul hi. Thuhilhkikna bu a nuai a bangin kikhen thei hi.
Thuhilhkikna 1:6-3:29 sungah Moses in Sinai Mual tun a kipan Canaan gam lut madeuh
kikaal a thupiang teng gen kik hi. A beisa ginatlohna pan a thusin theih ding deihna ahi
hi. Thuhilhkikna 4-26 sungah Thukham Sawm nisim nuntakna a zatzia ding cingtakin
kigen hi. Pasian mite in Pasian thei lo Canaan gam sunga om mi namdangte tawh kila-
mdang sinsen in nungta ding cih Pasian’ deihna ahi hi. Thuhilhkikna 27-30 sungah makai
thak kiteelna leh Pasian thuciam a kizopsuaknate kigen in, Joshua pen Israel mite Ca-
naan gam a lutpih ding makai ahihna kikipsak hi. Thuhilhkikna 34 sungah Moses sihna
kigen hi. Pasian it ding cih thu Thuhilhkikna bu ii thubulphuh ahi hi. Topa Jesuh in zong
Thuhilhkikna 6:5 mun na gen kik hi. Israel mite in Pasian tawh a kiciamna uh lawp takin
kipsak pha uha, Canaan gam lut taktak ta dingin hong kithawi ta uh hi.
Joshua
“Thahat inla, hang in… banghang hiam cihleh Topa Pasian nang tawh hong om-
khawm ding hi” (Jos.1:9). Hih laibu pen Joshua gelh hi ci-a, a kisang tawntung ahi hi. A
sihna thu tawm a kibehlap hi bek dinga, tua lo khempeuh Joshua gelh ahi hi. Laibu gelh
104 | THUCIAM LUI THU KONG HONG
hun tawh kisai-in ngaihsutna tuamtuam om a, ahi zongin BC1400 kum pawl hi dingin LST
siam a tamzaw in sang uh hi. Hih laibu sunga thupiangte leh a laibu a kigelh hun a kitu-
ak toto lel ahi hi. Joshua in Israel mite a makaih hun sung pen kum 20 sung bang ahi hi.
Jericho khua thu kankhia uha, thangahhuai thu a zak uh ciangin, upna tawh Jordan gun
kantanin Canaan gam ah hong lut uh hi (Jos.1-5). Joshua 6-12 sungah Jericho khuapi
lamdang taka a lakna uh leh Ai khua neu khat zumhuai taka a lelh dikdekna uh kimu hi.
Pasian in Israel mite zangin mi namdangte a thuhilh zah khatin, mi namdangte zangin
Israel mite zong na thuhilh kawikawi hi. A mawhnate uh a pulaak uh ciangin mawhmaina
pia a, thupha zong pia kik hi. Gam laizang, Saklam leh Khanglam gamte la dingin thum-
vei galkuan uha, gualzawhna a banbanin ngah uh hi. Amau thahat man hipeuh mah
lo-in Pasian in a tuam vilvel a, a panpih man a gualzo uh ahi hi. Joshua 13-21 sungah beh
zui in gam a hawm khit uh ciangin amau mun tek ah gal neuneu pawlkhat do lai uh hi.
Joshua 22-24 sungah Israelte in amaute tunga, a hoih leh a kamciamte khat mahmah
zong pelh lo-in, Pasian a nusiat khak het loh nading uh Joshua in vaikhak hi. “Kei leh ka
innkuanpihte in bel Topa na ka sem ding uh hi” (Jos.42:15) ci-in a mite a hansuah ciangin
a mite in zong lawptakin Topa tawh kiciamna kipsak kik uh hi.
Thukhente
“Tua hun lai-in Israelte in kumpi nei lo uh hi; amau hoihsak bang ciat un mi
khempeuh gamta uh hi (Thkt.21:25). Joshua leh ama khang mite a bei ciangin Israelte
hun thak khat sungah lut uh hi. Minam bup makai cih bang omlo-in, Pasian tung leh
makaite tungah thumaanna cih zong kimu nawnlo hi. Hih laibu min thukhente a kicih
hangin laibu sunga kigen mite thukhen kia hilo-in, amau mun leh amau hun tek a mi-
nam leh gam makaite ahi hi. Galte khut sung pan a honkhia ding leh tawlkhat sung
gam a uk dinga, Pasian koih mite ahi uh hi. Thukhente laibu a gelh kua hiam cih kithei
lo a, a gelh hun pen David kumpi a suah tuung lam, BC1000 pawl dingin ki-ummawh hi.
Thukhente 1-2:11 sungah Canaan gam bup kila khin zo nai lo ahihna kigen hi. Thukhente
3-16 sungah Israel mite in Pasian a mangngilh uh ciangin Pasian in minamdangte khut
sungah pia in, a kisik kik uh ciangin Pasian in makai khat zangin a hotkhiatna kimu hi.
Hih bang thupiang pen kilumlet thapai hi. Thukhen mang 12 sungah Deborah, Gideon,
Samsonte zong kihel hi. Pasian koih hinapi uh gina zo taktak lo uh hi.Mi namdangte dona
hang zong hilo-in amau gitnatlohna tawh Israelte a nuntak a khuasak zia uh kisia mang
hi (Thkht. 17-21). Milim bia in gamhtat uha, thukham zui lo-in thaangtatna tawh kidim uh
hi. Khat leh khat nangawn kido, kisim uh hi. Kha lam nuntakna leh nisim nuntakna ah
gina lo uh ahih manin Pasian’ kamciam gam teng nangawn la zo lo uh hi. Pasian lung-
duai mahmah ahih manin lungsim takpi tawh a kiko uh ciangin dawnga, galte khut sung
panin honkhia tawntung hi.
Ruth
“Na mite ka mi hi dinga, na Pasian ka Pasian hi ding hi” (Ruth 1:16). Ruth laibu
sunga thupiangte thukhente hun sunga thupiang ahi hi. Ruth laibu a gelh kithei lo a, ahi
zongin David’ Khang Tangthu ah kigen ahih manin David hun BC1000 kum pawl a kigelh
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hi dingin ki-um tek hi. Kialpi hangin Naomi leh a innkuanpihte Moab gamah va lal uh hi
(Ruth1:1-5). Tua gamah a om sungun a tate in zi nei in, a pasal hong si a, a tate zong hong
sih beh sawnsawn in Moab mi ahi, a mo tegel bek tawh hong om hi. A khua Bethlehem
ah hong ciah kik sawm ciangin (Ruth 1:6-22), a mo khat ahi Ruth in zuih sawm tantan hi
(Ruth 1:17-17). Tua hun lai in meigongte leh ta nei lo numeite in simmawhna, haksatna,
zawnna ngauna tampi phukha uh hi. Tua banah Ruth pen mi namdang hi lai hi.
Bethlehem khua a tun uh ciangin Ruth in a teeknu tawh a nuntak nadingun lo ah
na va sem hi (Ruth 2). A lo neipa Boaz pen a sisa a teekpa tawh kibeh khat ahi hi. Ruth a
muh phet in Boaz in zong pakta pah a, a kisimmawh loh nadingin huu in, an zong tampi
pia hi. Naomi ii geelna tawh Boaz in amah a teenpih theih nadingin Boaz kiangah Ruth
va kineelsak hi (Ruth 3). Ahi zongin Boaz sanga, a kinaipih zawk khat uh omlai ahih manin
amau ngeina zui-in tuapa ngaihsutna dong phot uh hi. Tua pa in Ruth teenpih sawm lo
ahih manin Boaz in teenpih a, a ta cil uh Obed, David pu hong suak hi. Pasian thuneihna
leh Pasian thumaanna hih laibu sungah kilang mahmah hi. Ruth leh Naomite cihtakna
zong thaman tampi in zui a, a tawpna ah, Ruth ii suan leh khak panin Honpa Topa Jesuh
hong piangkhia hi.
1 & 2 Samuel
“Mi namdangte in a neih mah bangin kote hong makaih ding kumpi khat hong
sehsak in” (1 Sam.8:5). Hebrew LST sungah Samuel bu pen bu khat bek hi-a, Septuagint
(LXX) sungah bu nih hong kisuah ciangin a nung lam ah bu nih vive kisuahzaw hi. Laibu
sunga makaipa min kipuasak a, Samuel a kici ahi hi. Ahi zongin, 1 Samuel a lai pawl ah
Samuel sihna kigen mawk ahih manin tua ban peuh mah kamsang Nathan leh Gadte
gelh hi dingin ki-um a, ahi zongin, cian takin kuamah in thei lo hi. Saklam leh Khanglam
gam kikhenna kigen ahih manin Solomon sih BC930 khit a, a kigelh hi ding hi ci-in LST
siam pawlkhat in um uh hi. 1 Samuel 1-8 sungah Samuel suahna, Pasian sapna, minam
makai a suahnate kigen hi. Amah pen kamsang lah hi, thukhen mang lah hi, gam uk
lah hi, galkap mang lah ahi hi. Tua hinapi, a mipihte in a kiim a pam ua mi namdangte
bangin kumpi lunggulh uh hi. Pasian in Israel mite ngetna mangin Samuel sawl a, kumpi
dingin Saul sathau nilhsak hi. 1 Samuel bu a om laiteng ah Saul in kumpi a sepna leh a
kumpi gam thu kigen hi. Pasian lamet hong bang lo-in, Pasian thu hong man loh ciangin,
Pasian in Saul hemkhia a, a zaa laih dingin David sathau nilh hi. Saul hong kiam in David
hong khangto hi.
Saul in thah dingin a sawm thapaih hangin David gal siam ahih manin suakta
toto a, mipite muan mahmah makai khat hong suak hi. 1 Samuel laibu pen Saul amah
leh amah a kithahna tawh kikhup hi. Tawlkhat sung gam sung buaina om a, (2 Sam.1-4),
tua khit ciangin David in Israel gam hong gawmtuah in, kumpi sem a, Jerusalem khuapi
in hong nei hi. Topa biakinnpi a lam sawm hangin, Pasian in amah na lamsak lo a, a tapa
Solomon lamsak hi. David kumpi khang kizom suak ding ci-in Pasian in kamciam pia hi. 2
Samuel 5-24 sungah David nuntak zia, a sia a pha pawlkhat kiciamteh hi. Mawhna lianpi
a bawl hangin kisik kik ahih manin Pasian in zongh a kamciam kheel tuan lo in a kumpi
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gam kiptakin dingsak hi. Israel mite in kumpi a ngetna uhpen Pasian ukna a nial uh hi-a,
a kumpi masa uh Saul zong kumpi gina lo hong suak hi. David bel Saul tawh kibang lo-in
vantung kumpi Pasian deihna tawh kituak in gam uk hi. David uk sungin Israelte in Pasian
kamciam zah gam la zo in kem zo uh hi. David khang panin kumpi taktak Jesuh Christ
hong piang hi.
1 & 2 Kumpite
“Hih zah a, a tam na mite kua in uk zo ding hiam? (1Kum.3:9). Samuel mah bangin
Kumpite laibu zong Hebrew LST ah bu khat bek mah ahi hi. A gelh kithei lo a, ahi zongin,
Jewte tangthu leh tuhun LST siam pawlkhat in Jeremiah hi ding hi, ci uh hi. Babylon a
saltan sunga kigelh ahi hi. Thupiang nunung a kigen (2 Kum.25:27-30) pen BC 561 khit a
piang hi-a, ahi zongin BC539 a sal pan a suahtakna thu kigen lo ahih manin saltan sung
ahih ding kician mahmah hi. Kumpite laibu sunga thupiangte in kum 400 sung bang
huam hi. 1 Kumpite 1-11 sungah Solomon kumpi dinga hoihtak a hong kipatzia kimu thei
hi. Pasian kiang pan pilna ngen in, Pasian in pilna leh hauhna pia ahih manin kiim leh
pam ah minthang mahmah hi. A kumpi inn ding leh biakinnpi hoih mahmah khat lamin,
Israel mite kipumkhatna kilangsak hi. Solomon a kipatzia hoih napi Pasian um lo zi tam-
pi a neih ciangin a zite in Pasian kiang panin lampialsak uh hi. A nuntakna a bei kuan
lam in, gam sung gam pua ah buaina tampi piang hi. Pasian tungah thuman zo lo ahih
manin a gam kikhenkham ding ci-in Pasian in thupia hi.
Ama ta’ khangin a gam phel nih suaktakpi hi (1 Kum.12-2 Kumpi.17). Solomon tapa
Rehoboam in Khanglam, Judah leh Benjamin gam nih bek ngah a, Jeroboam I in Saklam
gam sawm teng uk hi. Kumpite bu nih sungah Israel Saklam gam leh Judah (Khanglam)
gam kumpite tangthute kiciamteh hi. Kumpite bu sungah Pasian kamsang Elijah leh El-
ishate’ thu zong kilim gen hi. Hih hunin kumpite leh siampite gina lo lua uh ahih manin
Pasian in a pua lam mite zangin thu na genzaw hi. Kamsangte in mipite thuman lohna
leh Baal a biaknate uh na taai in, Yahweh Pasian nasem taktak ahihna uh na lamdang
bawl in na lak zel uh hi. A tawpna ah Assyriate in Saklam gam hong sim in, la uha, a
gam mite hawlkhia uh hi. Khanglam gam tawlkhat sung suakta lai-a (2 Sam.18-25), ahi
zongin, kumpi gina lo pawlkhat in hong uk toto in Babylonte in Jerusalem a suksiatna uh
tawh Khanglam kumpi gam zong hong bei hi. Hih a dahhuai tangthu i et ciangin, a mite
bang zahta in gina lo hitaleh, Pasian in a kamciam a let teiteina kimu thei hi. A thumante
thupha pia in, mi hoih lote zong kisik a, ama kiang hong zuat uh ciangin lungdam takin
na sang lai veve hi. Babylon saltana sung nangawn ah David kumpi khang kisutat tuan
lo hi.
1 & 2 Khang Tangthu
“A kumpi tokhom a tawntungin kip ding hi” (1 Khang.17:14). Khang Tangthu bu pen
Ezra gelh hi ci-in a laibu sungah a kigen loh hangin, Ezra gelh ding mah in a kisang tawn-
tung ahi hi. Hebrew LST sungah a bu tawpna ahih manin BC 450- 400 kum pawl a kigelh
hi ding hi. Laigelh pa in a thugente Samuel bu, Kumpite bu leh laibu dangte panin a
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gawmtuah ahi hi. Hih laibu sunga thu kigen pawlkhat leh Samuel leh Kumpite bu sunga
thu kigente a kituak lo tawh a kibatna mun om hi. Ahi zongin, teltakin en lehang a kileh-
bulh cih bang hilo-in laigelhte’ genzia leh a bulphuh uh a kibang lo peuh hilel hi. 1 Khang
tangthu, khangsuutna tawh kipan hi (1 Khang.1-9). Israelte pupate, beh 12 te thu leh sal-
tan khit a Jerusalem a teengte thu om hi. 1 Khang Tangthu 10-29 sungah David kumpi a
maan sung thu kigen kik a, Pasian tawh a thuciamna, biakinnpi lam dinga a kigin nate
kimu hi.
2 Khang Tangthu 1-9 sungah Solomon hauhna, minthanna leh biakinnpi lam din-
ga, a kithawinate kigen hi. A nunga hong pai kumpite thu (2 Khang.10-36), sungah kigen
hi. Pasian um kumpite uk sungin gam khangto in, Pasian um lo kumpite uk sungin gam
kiam hi. Jewte’ saltanna tawh laibu kikhup a, tua nangawn ah, Pasian hoihna kimu in,
Jerusalem leh biakinnpi kilam kik ding lametna thu kigen hi. Khang Tangthu laibu gelh-
pa in David tunga Pasian kiciamna leh Pasian’ thu a kipna pigen hi. Thuman lohna leh
daanppiakna (Kumpite sunga dan) thute sangin thumanna leh thumaanna hanga tha-
man saanna kinak gen hi. David leh Bathsheba mawhna thu bang kigen lo-in, Solomon
zite lakna ah zong khat thu bek kigen kha hi. Jerusalem khuapi, Israelte a’ dinga thupitna
leh biakinnpi pen Pasian ompihna lahna ahihna thu lim gen hi.
Ezra Leh Nehemiah
“Pasian huhna tawh hih nasep a kisem ahih lam phawk uh hi (Neh.6:16). Hebrew
LST leh Septuagint (LXX) in Ezra leh Nehemiahte bu khat in koih uh hi. Hih laibu nihte in sal-
tang Jewte Persia gam panin Jerusalem ah hong ciah in BC 538-445 kum, khuapi kulh
leh biakinnpi a lamphatnate uh tam gen pen hi. LST siam pawlkhat in hih laibu BC 300
kiim a kigelh dingin um uh hi. Persia kumpi Cyrus thupiakna tawh Zerubbabel makai in
BC 538 kumin mi pawlkhat hong ciah masa hi. Biakinnpi lam kik ding uh ahi hi (Ezra 1-6).
Kilangpanna, nawkkhakna, buaina, haksatna tuamtuamte hangin BC 516 kumin biakin-
npi zo pan uh hi. A masa biakinnpi zahin thupi zo lo hi. Aaron suan, thukham hilhsia, Ezra
makai in BC 458 kumin a nihveina hong ciah kik uh hi. A kinusia Jewte in mi namdangte
ngeina zui-in, mi namdangte tawh kiteeng a om a muh ciangin (Ezra 7-10), Ezra in nasia
takin siansuahna bawl hi.
Tua zawh kum 13 ciangin, Persia kumpi Ataxerxes kumpipa khut nuai a, u lian
khat ahi, Nehemiah makai in Jerusalem ah hong ciah kik leuleu hi (Neh. 1-6). Langpanna
kawmkaal ah Jerusalem kulhpi hong ciang kik uh hi. Kumpipa in Nehemiah a cing ding
galkap leh a kisap ding van tampi vaihawmsak hi. Langpanna tampitak a om hangin
Pasian muanna tawh kulhpi hong lam kik uha, ni 52 sungin hong zo ziau uh hi. Kulhpi a
kizawh khit ciangin Nehemiah leh Ezrate in leitung thu leh biakna thu ah puahphatna
tampi hong bawl uh hi (Neh.7-13). Khanlawhna lianpi hong tungin mipite in Pasian tawh
kiciamna hong kipsak kik uh hi. Persiate khut nuai ah om in a suakta gam bel hi nawnlo
uh hi. Ahi zongin, thu-um “Pasian’ mite” ahihna uh hong om kik hi.
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Esther
“Hih kumpi inn na tunna pen hih bang hun-a mah dinga, a tung na hih meel zong
kua in thei ahi hiam? (Esther4:14). Hih Esther laibu sunga thupiangte BC483 kum a kipan
kum 50 sunga piang ahi hi. Laibu kigelh hun pen ziakai zaw deuh in BC465 kum pawl ahi
hi. Hih laibu gelh zong kithei lo a, pawlkhat in bel Esther sanggampa Modecai hi dingin
um uh hi. Vashti kumpinu a kilakkhiat khit ciangin kumpipa zi ding kizong a, kiteel toto
in, a tawpna ah a hoih a ciim Esther in kumpinu hong ngah hi. Kumpipa kiangah Jew
mi ahih lam gen lo hi. Khatvei kumpipa kisuam sawm a, tua thu Modecai in thei kha in,
Esther kiangah a koh ciangin kumpipa kisuam zo lo hi. Kumpipa khut nuai a mang lian
Haman mai ah, Modecai a kun nop loh ciangin Haman in Modecai leh a mipih Jew mi
khempeuh thah mai dingin vaihawm hi.
Esther in a nuntakna khaam in a mipihte suahtak nading nasem a, Modecai leh
Jew mi khempeuh in suahtakna ngah bek tham lo-in a mau a thah sawm Haman kithat
zawsop hi. Amaute thah dinga, a kiseh ni-in Jew mite in suahtakna pawi bawl uha, tua
pawi pen “Purim” kici hi. Tuni dong Jew mite in kum simin hih pawi bawl uh hi. Esther lai-
bu a tuam pian mahmah na khat om hi. Pasian cih kammal peuh mah kihel kha lo hi. Mi
pawlkhat bangin Pasian cih kammal kihel lo ahih ciangin LST sungah hel huai lo hi ci uh
hi. Ahi zongin, a kammal lian bek a om lo hi-a, Esther bu sanga, Pasian nasepna lam-
dang a kilatzawkna laibu dang om lo phial ding hi.
Laigelhte (The Poetical Books)
“Job, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna, leh Solomon late pen la dan a kigelh ahih manin
“Labute” a kici ahi hi.”
Job
“Ka Tanpa nungta hi cih ka thei hi” (Job 19:25). Job laibu a gelh mi leh a gelh hun
ciantakin kithei lo hi. BC 700 kum pawl a kigelh hi dingin a kitam gen pen hangin LST siam
tampite in sang thei khol lo uh hi. Job bu pen “Pilna laigelhte” (Wisdom Literature) a kicite
sunga kihel hi-a, tangtawn a kipan a dotna lian pen khat ahi, “Bang hangin midikte in
thuak hiam? cih thu mah kikupna laibu ahi hi. Satan ngetna Pasian in phal a, paubang
lo a nasempa Job ze-etsak hi (Job 1-2). Job tungah gentheih haksatna a banban in
hong tung takpi hi. Job leh a lawmte 3 Eliphaz, Bildad, Zopharte in Job thuakna tawh kisai
amau muhdan ciat genkhia in, khat leh khat kiseel uh hi (Job 3-46:6).
A lawmte thugente in hehnepna a piak cih thadah, khatveivei hehna, thangpaih-
na bang piangsak zaw hi. Na mawh man a thuak hiteh ci-in Job mawhsak uh hi. Sauveipi
khit ciangin a lawm 4 na, Elihu kicipa in Job leh a lawmte 3 hong taaikhawm hi. A kipiang-
sak nate thu a tel zo lo mihingte in a piangsakpa thu leh nasepzia bangci tel peuhmah
ding hiam ci-in, Pasian in hong gen ciangin Job dai khipkhep pah lian hi. Thukhupna
(Job 42:7-17) sungah Pasian in Job’ lawmte thukhual- lohna taai in, Job’ cihtakna hangin
thupha a zah nih pia hi.
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Late
Ka kha aw, Topa phat inla, Ama hanga na phattuamnate mangngilh kei in” (Late
103:2). Late sungah dawng 150 om a, Hebrew pau in “Phatnate” kici hi. Khen 5 kiphasak
a, a lian 1-41, 42-72,73-89,90-106, 107-150 cih bangin kikhen hi. A thulu leh a la nam tung-
tawn a kikhen hi tuan khol lo hi. Late 73 David gelh hi-a, tua late sungah David in a nuntak
sunga a sin khak thu tampi kimu thei hi. David kumpi a maan lai a, la makai ahi-asaph
in dawng 12 gelh hi. Late pawlkhat Korah tate phuah kici a, ahi zongin amau thu kitam
theih lo hi. Late 90 pen Moses gelh hi-in Laite 72 leh 127 pen Solomon kumpipa gelh ahi hi.
A omlai la dawng 50 valte a gelh kithei lo hi. Late buppi a kikaihkhop pen Babylon saltan
khit hi dingin ki-um hi. Late sungah thu-ummite’ nuntakna sunga tuah khak theih thu
tampi om ahih manin, nisim kha tha lak nadinga, a hoih mahmah laibu ahi hi.
Paunak
“Topa in ciimna pia a, Ama kam panin pilna leh thuneihna paikhia hi” (Paunak
2:6). Paunak bu sungah Pasian pilna a kilangsak thugennate kigawmtuah hi. Paunak bu
a gelh pen Solomon, Agur leh Lemuelte ahi hi. A nunung nihte’ thu tampi kithei lo hi. Solo-
mon pauknakte BC 970-930 kikaal a kigelh ahi hi. Solomon thugente a kici Paunak 25-29,
Hezeikiah mite kaihkhop hi-a, BC 700 kum pawl a kiguang hi ding hi. “Paunak” i cihpen
nuntakna sung pan a, a maan lam a kisin khin thuguipi khat genna ahi hi. Kamciam leh
sawlna hi lo hi. LST sunga Paunakte pen mihing khat thugen ziau hilo-in, kha thu, Pasian
thu pilna tawh kisai hi. Paunak bu i ngimna a kigen khit ciangin (Pau.1:1-7), pilna, ciimna
tawh kisai thuhilhna honkhat in zui hi (Pau.1:8-8:18). Mihing khat ii pelh ding thute na lim
gen hi. Tua khit ciangin, pilna tawh kisai Solomon thugen a kikaikhawmte in hong zui hi
(Pau.10:1-22:16). Dikna, haina, hauhna, zawnna, kampauna, innkuan sung kizopna, lawmta
kithuahna leh thudang tuamtuamte na gen hi.
“Mipilte” thugente a kici (Pau.22:17-22:34) in Egyptte’ Paunak “Amenemope” tawh
kinai hi. Pilna thu a gen pong hilo-in, laigelhpa in Pasian muan nading thu lim gen mah-
mah hi. Paunak 25-29 sung tengah mun dangte sangin thulu zui-in thu kigenzaw hi. Agur
leh Lemuelte pilna bute (Pau.30:1-31:9) i et ciangin, hih mite in Pasian a zahtak lam uh kitel
mahmah hi. A thugente uh zong thupi hi. Ahi zongin, hih mi nihte Israel sung pan hi lo uh
hi. Zi hoih thu kigenna (Pau.31:10-31) pen la dan lian in kigelh ahih manin, Hebrew laimal
khempeuh a banban in kigualsuk a laigual thak a kipan ahi hi.
Thuhilhna
“Hih zong a mawknapi hi-a, huihnung nungdelh bang lel ahi hi (Thhn 6:9). Thuhilh-
na bu pen Mangkam in “Ecclesiastes” kici a, Greek pau pan a hong pai hi-in, Septuagint
(LXX) teite zat masak ahi hi. Hebrew kamin “Qoheleth” hi-a, “Thuhilhna” cihna ahi hi. Hih
laibu Solomon gelh hi ci-in a kisang tawntung ahih hangin mi pawlkhat in bel mi dang
khat hi dingin um zaw uh hi. Solomon gelh ahih leh BC 940 kum pawl in a kigelh hi ding
hi. Mi dang khat gelh hi-a cite in Babylon a saltan khit a kigelh hi ci uh hi. Laigelhpa
in leitung nuntak a thupit lohzia tawh thu pan hi. Pilna, gualnopna, hauhna, minthan-
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nate mihing lam panin en hi (Thhkna.1-4). Pasian thuneihna nuai ah na khempeuh piang
in, i kisapna khempeuhama hong sik ahih manin, i sepna, i nuntaknate ah ahi bang-
bang tawh lungkim ding hong hanthawn hi. Hauhna, pilna, nuntakna, a lungmuanhuai
lohzia leh thumaanlohna (Thhn.5-12:8) sungah na gen hi. A thugente lungkiathuai a bat
hangin lungkim in, pilvang tak a nuntak siam ding hanthotna zong om hi. A tawpna ah
(Thn.12:9-14), Pasian kihta a, ama thupiakte zuih ding pen mihing tavuan lian pen hi cih
tawh thukhupna nei hi (Aneu 13).
Solomon’ La
“Ka ngaihno kei a hi-in, kei zong ama a, ka hi hi (Sol 2:16). Hih labu pen “Late’ la”
(Song of Songs) ahk, “Solomon Late” (Songs of Solomon) kici hi. Hih late Solomon gelh hi
dingin kisang hi. Mi pawlkhat in Solomon phuah hilo-in Solomon a kiphuah late hi ci uh hi.
Hih labu Solomon gelh ahih leh BC950-930 kikaal sunga kigelh hi ding hi. Hih late sunga
thu kigente pen a piang taktak hilo-in thugentehna hi ci-in pawlkhat in sang hi. Tanglai in
Hebrew te in hih Late, Pasian in Israel mite a itna lahna hi ci uha, “Paisan Pawi” ciangin ki-
sim hi. Tuhun in mi tampi in Christ in pawlpi a itna genna hi ci uh hi. Bangbang ahi zongin,
laphuakpa in nupa kikaal a kingaihna, kilunggulhna, cilesa nopsakna leh lungnopnate a
gen ahihna kinial thei lo hi. Hih nopna pen Eden huan a kipan hi-a, Pasian hong piak ahi
hi. A thukzaw in, hong Piangsakpa leh hong Tanpa in ama mite hong itna lak hi.
Kamsangte
Tanglai in Hebrewte LST Lui khen thum in na khen uh hi. Tuate in “Thukham, Kam-
sangte leh Laigelhte” ahi hi. Kamsangte sungah bu 8 om a, Joshua, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2
Kumpite, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel leh kamsang neu 12 te (Hosea-Malachi) te ahi hi. Kahla
leh Daniel pen “Laigelhte” sungah na koih uh hi.
Isaiah
“Vanglian Topa, siangtho, siangtho, siangtho hi” (Isaiah 6:3). Isaiah a khiatna
“Topa in hon hi” cihna ahi hi. Isaiah in BC 740-690 kikaal sunga Jew kumpite maan hun-
in nasem a, a diakdiakin, Ahaz leh Hezekiahte maan sung hi deuh hi. Hih laibu a bup in
Isaiah gelh hi ci-in a kisang tawntung ahi hi. Ahi zongin, tuhun teh upnapeeng nei mi
pawlkhat in a lian 1-39 ciang Isaiah gelh hi-a, alian 40-66 ciang mi dangte gelh hi ci uh
hi. A thu kigente leh a lai kigelhzia a kibat loh banah, a nunglam ah Cyrus thu kigen a,
Cyrus pen Isaiah hun khit thamtham a piang pan ahih manin Isaih gelh hi thei ngeilo
ding hi ci uh hi. Mi khat, a thugen leh a laigelhzia mun khat leh mun khat kilamdang thei
lua ahih banah, Pasian in mailam hun ding thei khol sak thei lua ahih manin laibu bup
Isaiah gelh mah hizaw ding hi.
LST Thak gelhte in zong Isaiah gelh hi na ci uh hi. Isaiah bu sungah LST Lui bup a, a
zaknop penpen leh a thupi pen thu pawlkhat kigelh hi. Isaiah laibu thupatna ah mawhna
tawh kidim a mite thukhen in, tua khit ciangin amaute kaikhawm kik ding ci-in Pasian in
gen hi (Isai.1). Isaiah a lian (2-35) sungah Jew mite leh a kiim a paam a, minamte tun-
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gah thukhenna kigen hi. Messiah leh hong tung ding ama gam zong kilak gen zeuhzeuh
hi. Hezekiah maan lai thu a lian (36-39) in laibu khen masa leh khen nihna hong peh hi.
Leitunga uk Assyriate hi nawnlo-in, Babylonte hong hita hi. Isaiah a lian (40-66) sungah
hehnepna, puahkikna, hotkhiatna leh tatkhiatnate kigen hi. Jewte saltanna zong hong
beita hi. Isaiah a lian (49-53) sungah nasempa-Messiah thu kiciantakin kigen hi. Isaiah
laibu ii thubulphuh in “Pasian’ sianthona leh Pasian thunneihna” ahi hi.
Jeremiah
“Note kong cidamsak kik dinga, na liammate uh ka damsak ding hi” (Jeremiah
30:17). Jeremiah kamsang hun kum 40 bang sawt a, (BC 627-587), Babylonte in Jewte
gam a lak kuan uh ahi hi. Hih laibu Jeremiah gelh hi dingin kisang tek a, mi pawlkhat in
bel a lian nunung pen Jeremiah sih khit ciangin, mi dang khat in a behlap hi ding hi ci uh
hi. Jeremiah a huhpa Baruch in a laigelh khiat tavuan lakpih dingin ki-um hi. Jeremiah
Pasian in a sap hun pen khanlawhna a piangsak Josiah kumpipa maan lai ahi hi. Ahi
zongin Josiah a sih ciangin khanlawhna meikuang mit a, Jew mite in Pasian thumang lo
in milim bia kik uh hi.
Hih bangin mite siatna tawh a kidim laitakin Jeremiah in Pasian thukhen nading
thugen hi (Jer.2-45). A mipihte in Jeremiah thugen za nuam lo-in, nakpi takin bawlsia
uh hi. Lungkham mangbatna tawh kidim ahih manin, Pasian nasepzia nangawn tel hak
nasa hi. A mite in ama thugen a thusim loh uh hangin Jeremiah in lungkia lo-in gen teitei
hi. A tawpna ah Jeremiah gen bangin hong tang tunga, Babylonte in Jew gam hong la
uh hi. A mipihte tampi, Babylon ah sal in kikai a, Jeremiah ahih leh Egypt ah kithatang
paisak hi. Haksatna sung mah ah Pasian hehnepna om hi (30-33). Pasian in a mite daan
a piak hangin paisan tuan lo hi. Daan thuak khit ciangin thupha leh lametna khuavak ta-
ang omlai hi. A tawpna ah Israelte’ kiim leh paam a teeng mi namdangte Pasian in thuk
kik ding ahihna Jermiah in gen hi (46-51). Pasian thuneihna in gamgi nei lo a, kuamah in
ama geelna kipelhsak zo lo hi.
Kahla
“I tot lampite sitpha in, Topa kiangah ciah kik ni” (Kahla 4:40). Jewte tangthu leh
Christiante tangthu ah Kahla pen Jeremiah gelh hi ci-in kiciamteh tuak hi. A mite a kisik
kik nadingun, a zolnate leh Jerusalem khuapi a kisuksiatnate kigen ahih manin laibu gelh
Jeremiah ahih lam kilang mahmah hi. Jeremiah laibu tawh a kibat simsimna zong om hi.
Kahla pen kamsang laibu khat a kingaihsun ahih hangin, a lai kigelhzia pen la dan ahi hi.
A lian 1, 2 leh 4 te ah laigual Hebrew laimal 22 te tawh kipan hi. Kahla a kicih mah bangin,
Jerusalem khuamite thuakna hang a kahna, tamlawhna vive ahi hi. Pasian in Babylon
mite zangin amaute nasiatakin daan pia hi. Jeremiah in a mite’ siatna leh a thuak uh
daan a kituak ahih lam tel mahmah napi, Jerusalem khuapi leh biakinnpi taktak vut leh
vai a suah ciangin thuak haksa mahmah hi. Pasian in amaute nusia taktakin mailam ah
lametna beita ahi hiam? Ahi zongin, amaute kisik a, Pasian kiang a zuat kik uhleh Pasian
in amaute thupha pia in a gam uh damsak kik ding hi.
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Ezekiel
“Kei, Topa in gen zo ka hih manin ka sem ding hi” (Ezekiel 17:24). Hih laibu Ezekiel
gelh ahihna kua mah in nial lo hi. BC 597 kum a Jewte gam panin Babylon gamah sal-
tang dinga kikaite lakah Ezekiel kihel kha hi. A saltanna mun ah Pasian sapna ngah hi.
Hih laibu sunga thupiangte leh a laibu a kigelh hun a kibang ahih leh BC 592-570 kikaal
sunga kigelh hi ding hi. Pasian in a sap khit ciangin a lian 1-3, Ezekiel in mangmuhna na-
sia mahmah khat tawh Pasian mu hi. Hong tung ding gimna tawh kisai a mipihte a hilh
sawn nading zong sawlna ngah hi. Pasian kiang pan a hunhun in thu za a, thu a zak nak
leh lah a mipihte ahi bangin gen sawn pahpah hi (Ezek.4-24). Ezekiel in thu a gen ciangin
mite tel baih ding leh a ciapteh theih nadingun lim tuamtuam tawh gen hi. A kisiklote
tungah Pasian in thukhen ding ahihna a muh theih nadingun a mangmuhna tampi zong
mipite tungah gen sawn hi.
Kiim leh paam a om minamte tawh kisai ama geelna zong Pasian in Ezekiel tung-
tawnin pulaak hi. Jerusalem a suksiatna uh leh Jew mite a bawlsiatnate uh Pasian in
thukkik lo-in om lo ding hi. Egyptte thuak ding tawh kisai a lian 4 sungah kigen hi. Gam
thu leh galvai a thahatna teng uh kisuzan ding hi. Minam tuamtuamte thuak ding daante
a kigen khit ciangin, Ezekiel in lametna tawh kidim Israel mite mailam ding na genkhol hi
(33-48). A lian 40-48 sung pen a khiatzia tuamtuam om hi. Pawlkhatte in Israelte a gam
uah a ciah kik un, hih thugenkholhnate tangtung hi, ci uh hi. Pawlkhat in lah mailam hun
a hong tung ding kum 1000 maanna hi ci uh hi. A LST mun i tel et ciangin Israelte a gam
uah hong kikaihkhop un, hih LST mun a thu kigente tangtung kim peuh mah lo hi. Tua
ahih manin mailam ah hong tung ding kum 1000 maana thu a gen mah hileh kilawmzaw
hi.
Daniel
“Thusim a lak thei Pasian khat vantung ah om hi” (Dan.2:28). Hih laibu pen Daniel
gelh hi ci-in tangtawng panin a kisangsa ahi hi. Ahi zongin, mi pawlkhat in Daniel nun-
takna kigenna teng midang khat gelh hi-in, Daniel mangmuhna teng ama gelh hi ci uh
hi. Hih laibu, Daniel khang sung BC 538 kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi. Ahi zongin, upnapeeng
neite in BC 165 kum a kigelh hi ding hi ci uh hi. Daniel bu sunga genkholhnate a tangtun
khit ciangin a kinung gelh danin gen uh hi. Pasian in a hun a tunma in mailam a thupiang
dingte lakkhol thei lo, a ci nuam uh ahi hi. Pasian na lamdang sep theihna um lo cihna
hilel hi. Hih laibu sungah pau nam nih kizang hi. A lian 2:4 pan 7:28 dong Aramaic pau hi-
a, a dang teng Hebrew pau ahi hi.
Daniel bu khenpi nih in kikhen thei hi. A masa 1-6 sung Daniel tangthu ahi hi. BC
605 kum a Jew gam panin Babylon a saltang dinga kikai pawl ah kihel kha a, tua hun
in amah tangvalno hipan hi. Babylon a tun ciangin Nebucchadnezzar mangte khiatsak
a (a lian 2 leh 4), kumpi inn sungah ulianpi in om hi. A lawmte 3 Pasian tungah a cihtak
man un, mei khuukpi sungah a kikhiatna (3) leh amah zong thungetna a cihtak manin
humpinelkai kua sungah thong a kikhiatna (6) te ah kimu thei hi. A nunung a lian (7-12)
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sungah Daniel mangmuhna tampi kigen hi. A lauhuai, a lipkhaphuai simtham gan-
hing lim tuamtuam peuh zangin Pasian in mailam hun a thupiang dingte na musak hi.
Tua mangmuhnate pawlkhat tangtung khin a, a tamzaw mailam ah tangtung ding hi.
Leitunga om ukna a kici khempeuh tungah Pasian om ahih lam hong lakin, simmawh
bawlsiat thuak mite adingin lametna hong pia hi. Daniel sunga genkholhnate leh LST
Thak, Mangmuhna bu a genkholhna tampite a kizom dimdiam ahi hi.
Hosea
“Ahih hangin, Pasian lam ah na kihei kik loh phamawh hi” (Hosea 12:6). Hih laibu
a gelh leh a kigelh hun tawh kisai thu buai a om loh hangin Hosea nuntakna kitam theih
het lo hi. A nasep sung pen Saklam gam a Jeroboam a maan hun leh Hoshea a maan
hun kikaal sung ahi hi. Saklam gam bek a Pasian nasem khat hi-in, hih laibu BC722 kum
pawl a a kigelh ahi hi. Hosea hun in Israel mite in milim bia in gam ki-ukna tawh kisai thu
buai tampi zong om hi. Golhguk nekna, gamhtatna, Pasian thuciamte awlmawh lohna,
Pasian sangin gam dang khat peuh muanzawkna cih bangin siatna namkim bawl uh hi.
Tua ahih manin hih laibu sungah mawhna, daanpiakna, bawlphatkikna cihte kigen pha-
pha hi. Israel mite’ mawhna leh Pasian itna zia lah nadingin Pasian in Gomer kici numei
kizuak khat Hosea teenpihsak hi (Hos.1-3). Hosea tawh a kiteen sung mahin Gomer in
pasal tampi kithuahpih hi. A tawpna ah Hosea taisan in a zulhtatna thaman saltanna
thuak hi. Man tampi tawh Hosea in va tan kik a, zum leh dai thuak kawmsa in a inn ah
sam kik hi. Hih thupiang in Pasian leh Israel mite kikaal thu kawk hi (Alian 4-14). Pasian in
lamkhial mite thuhilh in, a thuak ding uh haksatnate zong tel takin gen hi. Ahi zongin, kisik
a Pasian a zuat kik uh leh amaute sangin thupha pia ding ahihna kimu thei hi.
Joel
“Mi khempeuh tungah ka kha ka bua ding hi” (Joel 2:28). Joel bu a kigelh hun
tawh kisai in saanzia nam nih om hi. Pawlkhatte in Josiah maan sung BC 835 kum pawl a
kigelh hi ci uha, pawlkhat in Babylon a saltan khit a kigelh hi ci uh hi. Hih a nunung pawlte
in Joel laibu a kigelh in Jewte in kumpi nei nawnlo uha, milim biakna zong buaipih lua
nawnlo uh hi. Greekte thahat dinga hong kisak hun ahih manin BC400 kum pawl hi ding
hi ci uh hi. Hih laibu sunga tawmcik a kigen sim loh Joel thu tawh kisai bang mah kitheih
beh lo hi. Kauphete in Jewte gam sung teng a suksiatna tawh laibu kipan hi (A lian 1).
Leenggah a kipan, singgah tuamtuam, ankung leh lopa dongin kauphete in susia mang
uh hi. Lo pan bang mah piang lo ahih manin siampite in biakpiakna ading antang nan-
gawn nei zo lo uh hi. Hih thupiang zangin Joel in mailam “Topa’ ni” hong tun cianga pi-
ang ding gimna thu gen in, Pasian mite kisikkik a, Topa kiang a zuat nading uh hanthawn
hi (2:1-17). Tua khit ciangin Joel in amaute a hotkhiat nading thu gen kik hi (2:18-3:21). Tua
hun a, a thuak uh haksatna leh mailam saupi a hong tung ding haksatna pan a hotna
ding thute Joel in gen khawm hi. Pasian in Jew mite a bawlsiate daan pia dinga, Jew
mite ahih leh kha thupha leitung thupha pia ding hi. Kha thupha khat in Pentecost ni-a,
Khasiangtho hong kibuakna ahi hi. Peter in Pentecost ni-a Khasiangtho kibua pen Joel
2:28-32 a tangtunna hi ci-in gen hi (Sawlt2:14-21).
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Amos
“Ahi zongin, thutanna guntui bangin luang henla, thumaanna a kang ngeilo luitui
bangin luang ta hen” (Amos 5:24). Amos laibu, Saklam gamah Jeroboam a maan laitak
BC 760 kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi. Laigelhpa in tuucin leh theithek suan tawh nuntakna
zong hi. Jew gam a khua neu khat panin khangkhia ahih hangin, Pasian in Israel gam
Bethel a thugen dingin sam hi. Gam nopsak mawh loh hun laitak a Pasian nasem ahi
hi. Amos sungah Israelte’ gamvengte leh Jewte tunga Pasian lungkim lohna kigen hi.
Pasian thukhamte zui lo ahih manin Israelte tung mahmah ah a lungkim lohna zong om
veve hi (1-2). Mizawng, micimawhte leh belh ding nei lo mite a kisimmawhna tawh kisai
khauhtakin kigen hi.
Israel mite’ thu awlmawh-lohna, a noptatnate uhleh biakna lam, a kineih khem-
nate uh na taai-a, amaute tunga, tung ding siatna zong genkhol hi (3-6). Hong tung
ding thukhenna tawh kisai mangmuhna (7-9) sungah kigen hi. Hih teng kawmkaal ah,
Amos in Israelte langpan sawm hi ci-in a maan lopi-in, Bethel a siampi a sem Amaziah
in thugen a, Jew gam ah Amos a ciahkik theih nadingin hanciam hi. Amos in Pasian sawl
taktak ahih lam a gen kik khit ciangin Amaziah leh a innkuanpihte thuak ding haksatnate
genkhol hi. Thukhenna tawh kisai mangmuhna nihvei a neih khit ciangin lametna leh
thupha tawh a kidim Pasian kumpi gam thu genkholhna in zui hi. Amos in leitung gam
khempeuh tunga Pasian thuneihna lim gen hi. Siatna a bawl a kua a kua in daan thuak
pelmawh ding hi. Ama thukham thei napi a zui lote in zong thukhenna thuak ding uh hi.
Obadiah
“Nangma bawl bangin nang tungah hong kibawl ding hi” (Obadiah (Aneu) 15).
LST Lui sungah laibu tom pen hi-a, laigelhpa thu bang mah kithei lo hi. Babylon kumpipa
Nebuchadnezzar in Jerusalem a suksiat kum BC 587 kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi. Edom mite
pen Jacob sanggampa suante hinapi tangtawn a kipan Israelte tawh na kilangneih den
uh hi. Moses makaihna tawh Israel mite in Caaan gam hong zuat lai un, Edom mite in a
gam uh na nawksak nuam lo uh hi. Babylonte in Jew gam a lak ding ciangin zong Edom
mite in Jew mite khelbawl in a vante uh sutsak uha, a mite man in galtaaite bang na
that uh hi. Jew mite thuakna awi bawl lai uh hi. Obadiah in zong Edom mite tawh kisai
hemgen lo-in tang takin gen hi. Amaute kheltatna tawh kituakin Pasian in amaute daan
pia ding hi. Jerusalem suksiatna ah kihel uh ahih manin amaute zong kisusia pelmawh
ding hi. “Topa’ ni” ciangin leitung gam khempeuh in zong amau gamtatna tek zui-in
thukhenna thuak ding uh hi. Pasian pen Israelte Pasian kia hi lo-a, leitung bup ii Pasian
ahih manin, leitung mi khempeuh in Pasian thukhenna thuak ding hi ci-in Obadiah in
gen hi.
Jonah
“Tua khuapi khual lo-in om ding ka hi hiam?” (Jonah 4:11). Jonah pen Jeroboam
maan lai (BC 793-753) kum kikaal a kamsang khat hi-a, Amos, Hoseate tawh khang kitu-
ak hi. Hih laibu pen ama gelh mah ahi hi (2 Kum.14:25). Mi pawlkhat in Jonah pen tangthu
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a kiphuak tawm hi ci uh hi. Mi pawlkhat in Jonah bu pen Jonah sih zawh sauveipi cian-
ga kigelh pan hi ci uh hi. Nineveh khua thupitzia ahi zongin, ngapi gil sunga Jonah ni 3
a omna ahi zongin, mi pawlkhat in san hak sa uh hi. Ahi zongin hih thute a piangmawh
ding thu hilo-a, Jesuh in zong Jonah thu a kigen bangin na sang hi (Matt.12:39-41, Lk.11:29-
30).
Pasian in Nineveh khuapi’ thuak ding thukhenna taangko dingin Jonah sawl hi
(1). Nineveh pen Assyriate khuapi hi-a, BC 722 kum a, Israel gam a mankhiate ahi hi. A
mite in dawibia uh hi. Pasian sawlna tawh kilehbulh in Jonah in Joppa panin Tembaw
zui-in Tarshish lam zuan hi. Tuipi tungah huihpi a nun ciangin tuipi sungah Jonah kikh-
ia a, ngapi-in nawmvalh hi. Ngapi gil sungah Jonah a khialhna kisikik in thungen hi (2).
Tua ciangin Pasian sawlna tawh ngapi-in Jonah tuipi nawl ah siakhia hi. Tu-in Jonah, tai
500 bang a gamla Nineveh khua ah hong pai taktak tasam hi. A kisawl bangin thuhilh
ahih manin Nineveh khua mite kisikkik uha, Pasian in Nineveh khua susia lo hi. Pasian in
dawibia Nineveh khua mite thukhen lo-in, hehpihna a lah ciangin Jonah a hehsuak hi (4).
Ahi zongin, Pasian in kisikkikna tawh ama kiang a zuan peuhpeuh, minam deidan lo-in a
sanna tel takin na gen hi.
Micah
“Topa in nang kiang pan a hong kalh bang ahi hiam? Thumaan takin gamta ding,
hehpihna nei ding, na Pasian mai ah kiniamkhiatna tawh kalsuan ding ahi hi” (Micah6:8).
Micah pen Isaiah tawh a khan kituak hi-a, BC740-700 kum sung kamsang ahi hi. Jew
gamgi gei a khuata khat pan hi-a, a nasepna in bel Jew gam leh Israel gam zelkhawm
hi. Amos mah bangin, thumaan tak a nuntak ding leh kineihna om lo a Pasian biak ding
thubulphuh in nei hi. Micah 1-2 sungah mipite’ gamtat hoihlohna, milimbiakna, miza-
wngte leh micimawhte a simawhte’ tunga Pasian hehna kimu hi. Samaria gam (Saklam
gam) leh Jew gam kisuksiat nading kigenkhol hi. Pasian tungah a citak mite ading a
lametna leh kibawl thak nading thu zong na gen veve hi. Micah in mite a mawhsakna
(6-7) sungah kigen pha hi. Amaute tanga Pasian nasep thupite zong gen hi. Ahi zongin,
a thuman-lohna uh, a gamhtatna uh, a huaihamnate uh koihkhong zawh ding hi nawn-
lo ahih manin, thukhenna thuak ding uh hi. Tua kawmkaal mah a, Pasian’ tunga citak a
omlai tawmkhatte adingin bawlphatkik nading lametna om veve hi.
Nahum
“Pasian hehhak in, a vang lian hi; a khial mite daan pia lo-in om lo ding hi (Nahum
1:3). Nahum a khiatna in “Hehnepna” ahi hi. Elkosh khua pan hi cih loh ngal ama thu bang
mah kithei lo hi. Elkosh koilai a om hiam cih nangawn tuhun teh kithei lo hi. BC 663 kum
a, Thebes a kisuksiatna (3:8) sungah kigen hinapi, BC 612 kum a, Nineveh kisiatna kigen lo
ahih manin BC 663 leh 612 BC kikaal a kigelh hi ding hi. Nahum in Assyriate thuneihna a
genna om a, tua hun pen, Jewte in Assyriate tunga siah a piak hun uh Manasseh maan
lai BC696-642 a gen hi ding hi. Nahum in Pasian vangliatna leh Pasian thangpaihna gen
khawm hi (1:2-15). Amah a langpang (Ninevehte pawl) te tunga thukhenna ahi zongin,
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amah a muangte tungah (Jewte pawl) a dikna ahi zongin, hih laibu sungah kigen hi.
Nahum khanma, kum 100 vaal lai-in Jonah in Nineveh khua ah Pasian thugen a, khan-
lawhna lianpi om hi. Ahi zongin, tu-in milim bia kik ahih manin amau tunga thukhenna
pen khauhpai deuh zong hi kha ding hi.
Nineveh siat nading a neng a tawngin (2-3) sungah kigenkhol hi. A galhatna, a
hauhna, a dawibiaknate un Pasian thukhenna panin honkhia zo lo ding hi. Thebes zong
galhat mahmah leh pawlpih gina a nei hinapi tuma deuh in kisuzan veve ahihna Nahum
in gen hi. Nineveh khuapi zong a sauvei lo-in a siazan ding hita a, ama gitlohna a thuak-
khate in nuamna pawikhaam ding uh hi. Nahum in a kipiangsak na khempeuh leh gam
khempeuhte tunga Pasian vangliatna pigen hi. Pasian hehhak a, ahi zongin, ama thu a
mang nuamlote tungah heh hun nei veve hi. Amah thutang in mi hoih lote daan pia a, a
kisimmawhte hon in dal hi.
Habbakkuk
“Ahih hangin midikte upna tawh a nungta ding uh hi” (Habakkik2:4). Habakkuk,
siampi nam pan hi ci-in tangthu ah kigen hi. Tua banah ama thu kitam theih lo hi. A lian
3 na i et ciangin la lam tawh kisai sinna nei hileh kilawm hi. Hih laibu kumpi Josiah sih
zawh, BC 605 kum a kigelh ahi hi. Hih hun in Jew mite gamtat sia semsem uha, Babylonte
hong thahat semsem uh hi. Jew gam bup, thumaan lohna leh gamtatsiatna tawh kidim
hinapi Pasian in a awlmawh pha lo sa ahih manin Habakkuk phun kha hi (1:2-4). Pasian in
thupiang teng thei lua ahihna gen kik in, a lampial Ama mite thu a khen dingin Babylonte
zat sawm ahih lam zong gen hi (Aneu-5-11).
Tua ciangin Habakkuk phun kik leuleu hi. Bang hangin, na mite thukhen ding a
gina lo, a gamhtat Babylonte zang zaw zen ding na hiam? ci hi (1:12-2:1). Pasian in dawng
leuleu in Babylonte zong kei hun leh kei teelna mun ah thu ka khen veve ding hi ci hi
(Aneu-2-20). Tua khit ciangin Babylonte thuak ding gimna haksatnate a banban in gen
hi. A tawpna ah Habakkuk dawnna in upna taktak lak hi. Kiim le paam ah bangbang pi-
ang taleh, bangzah ta in lungkiathuai mah taleh, bang tanvei sauvei taleh, “Topa sungah
ka lungdam ding hi. Ka tanpa Pasian sungah ka kipaak ding hi” ci zo hi (Aneu-18). Pasian
in uliante leh gam kumpite ama ut bangin sangkhai-in, a ut leh khiasuk hi. A hoihte tha-
man pia a, a hoih lote daan pia hi. Pasian in na a sep ciangin, ama zia leh tong leh ama
hun in sem hi.
Zephaniah
“Topa na Pasian nang tawh omkhawm hi. Nang hong hon zo dingin amah tha-
hat hi” (Zephaniah 3:17). Zephaniah’ pute khat Hezekiah hi-a, ahi zongin kumpi Hezekiah
himaw, hilo cih kitel cian lo hi. Zephaniah min a khiatna, “Yaweh in seel zo hi” cih hi-in,
Josiah kumpipa maan sungin kamsang ahi hi. Jeremiah tawh a khan hun uh kituak hi.
Hih laibu BC 630-625 kum kikaal a kigelh ahi hi. Pasian’ lampi zui nuam lo uh ahih manin
Jewte leh a kiim a paam a minamte Pasian in thukhen ding ci-in Zephaniah in gen hi
(1:1-3:8).A diakdiak in, kiphatsakna, golhguk nekna, milim biakna, mikhemna,gamhtatna
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leh thumaan-lohnate khauhtakin daan pia ding hi. Ahi zongin, kiniamkhiat a, a kisik mite
adingin lametna omlai hi (2). A thumaan Pasian hehna sung mah ah Topa’ lam ah ki-
heikikte mangthang lo ding uh hi. “Topa’ ni” hun ciangin, daan piakna bekbek hi lo dinga,
lametna leh bawlthakna zong om ding hi (3). Jew mi hitaleh, Gentail mi hitaleh, a omlai
a citakte in Pasian ompihna, Pasian kepna ngah in, Pasian thuphate sang ding uh hi.
Haggai
“Na lampite uh ngaihsun pha mahmah un” (Haggai 1:5). Haggai min Ezra laibu
sungah kigen kha hi. Jerusalem biakinnpi lam dinga saltanna pan a hong ciah Jewte
tungah Pasian in thuhilh hi. Saltanna pan a hong ciahte’ makaipi Jerubbabel hi-a, a
siampi uh Joshua kicipa ahi hi. Hih laibu BC 520 kum a kigelh hi ci-in Haggai ciaptehna
mahmah ah kimu thei hi. Kha tawmno sungin Haggai in Pasian kiang pan thugenna 4
vei ngah hi. A masa in, mipilte leh makaite thasial lo a, Pasian nasepna ah lawp takin a
pan ding uh hansuahna kimu hi (1:1-15). Saltanna pan a hong ciah zawh uh kum 16 pha-
in amau zong inn hoih nono nei zo napi uh Pasian biakinnpi kilam thei mahmah lo ahih
manin Pasian lungkim lo hi. Khalam ah thahat lo uh ahih manin adau uh zong pai lo hi
ci-in Haggai in gen hi. Mipite in Haggai thugen sang thei-in, lawptakin biakinnpi lamna
hong zom kik uh hi.
A nihna pen thapiakna ahi hi (2;1-9). Tu a, a lam uh biakinn in a masa biakinn i
thupitna a bat zawh loh hangin Pasian in a mite Khasiangtho tawh ompih veve hi. Ni khat
ni ciangin hih biakinn thak in biakinn lui sangin vang neu zaw dinga, tua vangliatna pen
nopna, daihna in hong zui thuah ding hi. A thumna ah mawhna pianzia kigen hi (Aneu-
10-19). Van nin khat van siang tawh i koih khop ciangin a van nin pen hong siang tuan lo
hi. Ahi zongin van siang khat van nin tawh koih khawm lehang van siang pen hong nin hi.
Kha thu ah nitna in biakpiakna santaaksak lo hi ci-in Haggai in siampite gen hi. Thupha
ngah nadingin thumaanna om masa ding hi. A tawpna leh a lina ah Babylon a saltan
khit ciangin Jerusalem ah David suan leh khakte kiphut kik dinga, Messiah kumpi pel lo-
in hong pai ding hi cih tawh thu khum hi.
Zechariah
“Tua ni ciangin tapa khat bek om dinga, ama min bekmah min hi ding hi” (Zech-
ariah 14:9). BC520 kum Haggai nasep a kipat zawh kha 2 khit ciangin Zechariah in zong
saltanna pan hong ciah Jew mite tungah thuhilh kipan hi. Zechariah pen siampi nam
hi-a, BC 538 kumin Babylon pan a hong ciah kik ahi hi (Neh.12:16). Hih laibu a lian 1-8 pen
BC 520-518 kum kikaal sunga a kigelh hi-in, alian 9-14 pen a kinung gelh hi kha ding hi. A
thugelh kholh pawlkhatte tel hak hi. Ahi zongin tampi mah Jesuh in LST Thak sungah na
gen kik a, a tangtunsak pawl zong om hi. Thupatna in Jew mite Pasian kiangah a ciahkik
nading uh sapna om hi. Thumaanlohna thaman tampi a pu a pate un na pia khin uh hi
cih phawkkiksak hi (1:1-6). Tua banah, mailam a thupiang ding tawh kisai mangmuhna 8
vei na nei hi (1:7-6:8). Hih genkholhnate ama khang sunga tangtung pawlkhat a om mah
bangin mailam saupi a tangtung pan ding zong om hi.
118 | THUCIAM LUI THU KONG HONG
Siampi lian Joshua adingin kumpi lukhu khat kibawl hi (6:9-15). Hih in, ama biakinn
siangtho pan a kumpi leh siampi a sem ding Jesuh Christ kawk hi. Biakinnpi kisuksiatna
phawk nadinga kumsim a, an a kitang den pen (7:1-8:23), tu-in biakinnpi kilam kik khin
ahih ciangin antan kul lai ding hiam cih dotna khat hong om hi. Pasian in bel ngeina dan
a, antan pong sangin thumanna, cihtakna leh thumaanna deihzaw ahihna siang takin
gen hi. Mipite thangah nadingin kamciam 10 pia hi. A lian 9-14 sungah mailam hun tawh
kisai genkholhna tampi om hi. Messiah tawh kisai genkholhna zong tampi kihel hi: “En un,
na kumpipa uh… kiniamkhiatna tawh lano tung tuangin hong pai hi” (9:9). “Amaute in a
dawtlup uh kei hong en ding uh hi” (12:10). “Tuucingpa sat lecin tuute kitheh thaang ding
hi” (13:7). OliveMual tung sik a, Topa hong pai kik nading thu zong kigen hi (14:4). Christ
tawh kisai genkholhna pawlkhat hong pai masa a gen hiam ahk hong pai kik ding a gen
hiam cih a tel hak simsim na mun zong om hi.
Malachi
“A kha sungah damna puasa in dikna ni hong suak ding hi (Malachi 4:2). Mal-
achi-a khiatna, “Ka kamtaipa” cihna ahi hi. Malachi’ thu bang mahmah kithei lo ahih
manin pawlkhatte in hih laibu a gelh taktak kithei lo hi ci uh hi. Laibu kigelh hun pen Bab-
ylon saltanna pan a ciah khit BC470-433 kum sung hi ding hi ci-in kingaihsun hi. Malachi
pen Ezra leh Nehmiah tawh khang khawm kha ding hi.
Malachi in Pasian tunga mipite leh biakna makaite lungsim maanlohna na pholak
hi (1). Pasian itna tel khial in Pasian tawh a kituak lo, a kawk baang biakpiaknate tawh
Pasian lungkimsak sawm uh hi. Kumpi uliante nangawn kitua ci neuseek lo ahih manin
bang hangin kumpi taktak pa tua ci neuseek mawk uh hiam? Siampite in kha lam thu
a makaih zawhlohna uh mipite sunga nupa kikhenna, upna kibanglote tawh kiteennate
mawhsakna (2:1-16) sungah om hi. Pasian a upna uh kisia a, tua thu Pasian in zangkhai
ngaihsut lo hi. Mi hoihlote tunga Pasian thukhenna zong mawhsak nuam uh hi (2:17-3:5).
Pasian in a dawnkikna ah ama kamtaipa (Tuiphumpa John) in ama pai nading lampi na
sialkhol dinga, tua ciangin amah a kihtalote Pasian in thukhen ding hi ci hi.
Seh sawm suah seh khat pia lo uh ahih manin Pasian in a mite guta in ngawh
hi (3:6-12). Seh sawm suah seh khat pia le-uhamaute tungah thupha tampi tung sak
ding ci-in Pasian in kamciam hi. Pasian thutanna mipite in khatvei mawhsak lai uh hi
(3:13-4:4). Pasian deihna banga nungtate Pasian in thaman pia takpi ding hiam ci uh hi.
Pasian in ka pia taktak hi ci-in dawng hi. “A lian, a lipkhaphuai Topa’ ni” a, mi hoihlote a
kisuksiat ciangin ama lampi zui a, ama min a zahtakte Pasian in kem bit ding hi.
·····0·····
9 THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
LST Thuciam Thak sungah laibu 27 pha hi. AD Kum zalom 1 na lai-a, Greek lai tawh
a kigelh ahi hi. Laibu kigualhzia pen a kum zui hilo-in, a thulu zui hizaw hi. A masa lamah
lungdamna thubu 4 te om a, Jesuh nuntakna, a sihna leh a thawhkikna thute kigen hi.
Lungdamna thubute khit ciangin Sawltakte Tangthu in hong zui hi. Pawlpi pianna leh
hotkhiatna thu, Jewte gam pan leitung buppi a kizelhna thu hih laibu sungah kimu thei
hi. Tua banah, Laikhakte in hong zom a, Laikhak 13 Paul gelhte in hong zui hi. Hebrew laibu
a gelh kua hiam cih kithei lo a, a dang laibu teng sawltakte leh amau kithuahpihte gelh
ahi hi. Laikhakte sungah Jesuh Christ sunga hotkhiatna thu leh Christian nuntakna sung
tawh kisai thute kicing takin kihilhcian hi. A nunung pen Mangmuhna bu hi-a, mailam ah
a hong tung ding thute gen hi.
LST Thak a kigelh hun leh tuhun pen kilamdang mahmah hi. Ahi zongin, tulai hun
tawh kisai lai kigelh tampi om a, tuate in LST i tel nading hong huh mahmah hi. Josephus
laigelhte, Philo laigelhte, Apocrypha leh Pseudepigraphate bute, biakna lam tawh kisai
lai kigelh ahi Minisnah, Tosefta, Midrash, Talmud leh Greekte leh Rome mite sunga laigelh
siamte’ laigelhte laibute panin thu tampi kithei hi. Tangvante a kizonkhiatna panin a kin-
gah khutgelhlaite panin tua hun a mite nuntakzia, biakna leh ngeina thute kitel tuam
mahmah hi. Tua banah LST sunga om laibu khat ciat a gelhpa thu, a lai ngahte thu, bang
thu pianga bang hanga tua lai kigelh cihte zong kithei tuam hi. Hih thute i theih ciang
bekin LST ahi ding bangin kikhia thei pan hi.
Tangthu A Huampi Etna
LST Thuciam Thak hun lai-in Palestine gam a teeng Jew biakna leh ngeina pen a
kim a paam a mi dangte biakna leh ngeina tawh nakpi takin kilamdang lo hi. Greek mite
zia leh tong (Hellenism) tawh kihelzau mang hi. Hih pen Alexander the Great hun a kipan
ahi hi. Persiate hun lai-in zong Jewte leh Greekte kizopna om ngei-a, ahi zongin khat leh
120 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
khat kithuzawhna om khol lo hi. Greekte thuzawhna pen Greek lai tungtawn hi phadiak a,
BC Kum zolom 3 kipat hun panin Rome mite hun dong huzap hi. Greekte zia leh tong zuih
ding a lunggulh phadiak pen Tobiads kici pawlte ahi hi. Jerusalem a teeng, thuneihna
leh sum hauh a thuah innkuante ahi hi. Pasian khut nuai-a om a, mi dangte tawh kibang
lo-a, tuam kaai keei pen khantoh-lohna hi ci-in hih mite muhna ahi hi. Siampi Lian Onias
III ii sanggampa, Jason thuzawh ngap uh ahih manin siampi Lian a suah nadingin thu
lam tawn lopi-in vaihawm uh hi.
Jason amau upmawh hong bat loh ciangin nautang mawkmawk khat ahi Mene-
laus tawh laih leuleu uh hi. Hih bang teng tawh thu nei zo innkuan 2 Oniads leh Tobiadste
hong kilang neih uh hi. A tawpna ah tualgal hong pian ciangin Tobiadste a gumzaw,
Seleucid kumpi Antiochus Epiphanes in 167 BC Kumin, tanglai Jewte ngeina khempeuh a
suksiat theih bangin susia hi. Jewte ngeina a zui teiteite nasia takin bawlsia hi. Tua hunin
Greekte’ zia leh tong nial a, Jewte ngeina citak tak a, a zui pawlkhat om veve hi. Tuate in
Hasidim kici a, a makai uh Mattatias leh a tapa 5 te ahi hi. Mattatias tapa Judas (Mac-
cabaeus zong kici) makaihna tawh 164 kumin biakna suahtakna hong ngah uha, biakinn
apna nei uh hi. BC163 kumin Antiochus V kumpipa in Jewte tang ngeinate suakta takin
zuih theih nading thukham hong bawl hi. Ahi zongin, Judas leh a sanggamte biakna
suahtakna bek tawh hong lungkim zo lo uha, Seleucids te khut sung panin gam suahtak-
na zong hong deih uh hi.
Judas sanggampa Jonathan in BC 152 kumin Judas zaa luahto a, galkapmang
leh siampi hong sem hi. Jonathan khit ciangin a sanggampa Simon in makai hong sem
a, gam suahtakna hong ngahkhia in BC 143 kumin kumpi hong suak hi. Tua hun a ki-
pan Rome galkapmang Pompey in BC 63 kumin Jewte gam a lak dong Hamoneans
(Maccabeeste beh min) te in Jew gam uk uha, kumpi leh Siampi Lian sem khawm uh
hi. Hamoneans te uk sungin Jewte gam hong zai semsem a, David leh Solomonte ukna
gam cia hong phadek phial hi. Maccabeeante in hanciam tak a, Seleucids te a na lang-
dona un thu hoih leh thu hoih lo tampi piangsak hi. A hoihna ah pasian tampi neih nad-
ing panin a maan Pasian khat bek biakna kipsuak hi. Jewte tuamkaaina zong beimang
lo hi. Pasian uk minam ahihna uh leh a biakna uh zong mangthang lo hi. A hoihlohna ah
Jewte tangkaaina lian semsem a, midangte in Jewte a muhdahna uh zong khang sem-
sem hi. Tua banah Jewte ngeina leh thukhamte ki-ultungsak lua in, khat leh khat nan-
gawn ngaihsutna hong kilamdanga, Jew mite sungah pawl tuamtuam kikhenna hong
piang hi. Maccabees te pen biakna leh gam suahtakna dinga makaipite in a kiciapteh
uh hangin, a suan a khaak uh ahi, Hasmonean te pen midangte a nengniamte in kicia-
mteh hi. Amau uk sungin Pasian thu tawh kisai suakta takin kikupna om thei lo hi.
Amau cih bang a ci lote upna maan lo-in ciamteh pah lian uh hi. Hasmonean
te in bangzahta in a hanciam uh hangin, Greekte thuzawhna lai lam tawh ahi zongin,
Palestine gam a Greek khuapite pan ahi zongin, Jesuh suah laitak a Jew kumpipa Herod
the Great tung pan ahi zongin hong lung lut zo veve hi. Mun dang gam dang a tung
Jew mite in Greekte zia leh tong nak zuihzaw kan uh hi. Kumpi nu Salome Alexandra tate
THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 121
ahi, Hyrcanus II leh Aristobulus II te kilemlohna tungtawnin Hasmonean kumpi gui hong
bei hi. Amau unau lemtuah dingin Rome galkap mang Pompey Jerusalem ah BC 63
kumin sam uh hi. Pompey leptuahna tawh unau tomkal sung hong kilem takpi uh hi. Ahi
zongin Pompey in Palestine mawk nusiat lo-in, Rome gam khut nuai suaksak hi. Romete
in Jewte gam a uk cil lai un, Herod the Great kici mi thupi khat hong khangkhia hi. Amah
pen Edomi mi khat hi-in amau gam pen Jew gam nuai deuh ah om hi. Hasmonean te
hun lai-in thagum tawh Jew gamke khat a suahsak uh ahi hi. Apa Anipater mah bangin
Herod in Romete tawh kiho thei hi. Kawi pil in mi mai-et zong siam a, gam ukzia zong thei
mahmah ahih manin BC 40 kumin Rome kumpite in “Jew Kumpi” cih zaa pia uh hi.
Tua zawh kum 3 khit ciangin Jerusalem khua la-a, tua hun a kipan kumpi taktakin
kiciamteh hi. Romete khut nuai ahih hangin Herod hunin Jewte gam suakta mahmah hi.
Herod pen a lungsim maan zo taktak lo hiam? cihnop huai zah dongin mun khat khatte
ah gamhtat leh uangtat thei mahmah hi. A zite lakah a itpen Mariamme leh a tate 2 that
hi. Jerusalem biakinnpi a kipan inn golpipi lamin, kulhpi lian tampi zong ciang hi. Herod
the Great kumpipa BC 4 kumin si hi. Amah a sih khit ciangin Rome kumpi Augustus in
Herod gam khen 3 suah in Herod tapa 3 te hawmsak hi. Herod Archelaus in gam bup
phellang phial ahi Judea gam, Samaria gam leh Idumea gamke te ngah hi. Herod An-
tipas in saklam gam ahi, Galilee gam leh Jordan gun Nisuahna lam Perea gam ciang
ngah hi. Herod Philip in Galilee tuipi saklam leh Nisuahna lam pang teng ngah hi. Herod
Archelaus in gam uk a siam loh banah, gilo lua ahih manin AD 6 kumin zaakia a, tua a
kipan AD 66 kuma Jew mite langdo hun, AD 41-44 sung sim loh, ama gamah kumpi dang
kikoih tuan lo in Romete in uk uh hi.
Antipas in AD39 kum ciang uk a, amah zong kizaakiasak in a gam pan kihawlkhia
lai hi. Philip pen Archelaus leh Antipas te tawh nu kibang lo ahi hi. Amah in a sih mateng
AD 34 dong a gam uk suak hi. A zaa luah ding tapa nei lo ahih manin, tawlkhat sung
ama gam Rome te ukna veve ahi, Syria tawh kigawm hi. Ahi zong Rome kumpi Caligula
in AD 37 kumin Philip sanggampa’ tapa Herod Agrippa tungah pia kik hi. A pano Antipas
a zaa kiat ciangin Agrippa in Galilee gam leh Perea gamte ngah hi. Rome kumpi thak
Claudius in AD 41 kum ciangin Herod Agrippa tungah Judea gam leh Samaria gam piak
beh lai ahih manin Agrippa gam pen a pu Herod the Great ii gam cia hong pha kik hi.
Herod Agrippa hong kizaa liatsak luat ciangin Pasian in sisak a (Sawlt.12:20-23) ama gam
khempeuh Romete in hong uk ta uh hi. Hih gam a thupiangte in biakna thu nakpi takin
sukha hi. Topa Jesuh pen Judea gam Bethlehem khua ah Herod the Great maan sungin
hong suak hi. A nasepna a tamzaw Herod Antipas khut nuai ahi Galilee gamah hong
sem hi. Romete manglian Pilat mangpa uk sungin Jerusalem khua ah thahna thuak hi.
Christiante kibawlsiatna a nasia mahmah pawlkhat Herod Antipas maan sunga piang
ahi hi. Zebedee tapa, John’ sanggampa James bang AD 44 kum Paisan Pawi madeuh
in a thah ahi hi. AD 66 kuma kipan Palestine gam a om Jew mite in Rome kumpite hong
langdo uh hi. Tua laitak Rome kumpi a sem Nero in galkap mang Vespasian makai sakin
Jew mite vatmai sak a, AD 70 kum ciangin Jerusalem khuapi la zo uh hi. Mi tampi in
thahna thuak in khuapi leh biakinnpi zong kisusia hi.
122 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
Palestine Gamah Jewte’ Khuasakzia Leh Sum Leh Paai Bawlzia
BC kum zalom 2 sunga Hasmonean te in a laak ma-in, Galilee gamah kua mite
teeng hiam cih kitel lo hi. Pawlkhatte in BC722 kumin Assyriante in Saklam gam a laak lai
ua kihawlkhia lo Israel mite hi ci uh hi. Moses laibu gelh 5 tawh kituak in Yahweh Pasian
bia uha, ahi zongin Jew mite zat loh ngeina pawlkhat zang uh hi. Mi pawlkhat te in Galilee
gam a teeng cilte in Jew mite hi zenzen lo hi ci uh hi. Jewte tangthu thei Josephus genna
leh lei sung tawhna panin a kithei khia thu ah Galilee gam a teeng cilte minam tuamtu-
am kigawm hi-a, ahi zongin Hasmoneante in a laak teh Jew mi suak uh hi kici hi. Hih tawh
kibang simsim khat ah Hasmonean ten Galilee gam a laak zawh uh ciangin Jew gam
panin Israel mite tampi lalto hi kha ding hi cih upna zong om hi. Bangbang hileh, Topa
Jesuh hun a Galilee mite in Jerusalem pen amau biakna phualpi in ngaihsun uh hi.
Siansuahna tawh kisai ngeinate bang Jerusalem khuapi a kizang dan lian mah
zang uh hi. Galilee gama khuapi zaw deuhte ahi Sepphorus leh Tiberias khuapi te ah
Gentail mite zong tampi teeng uh hi. Sepphorus pen ki-ukna khuapi hi-a, Jesuh khankh-
iatna Nazareth khua tawh tai 5 bek kigamla hi. Tiberias pen Herod Antipas khuasat ahi
hi. Galilee gam pen lokhawhna gam hi-in, gam uk kumpi Herod Antipas in Galilee gam
leh Perea gam panin kum sum lut tam pipi ngah hi. Herodians kici, logam za pipi a nei
mihaute in vai khat peuhpeuh ah Herod panpih uh hi (Mk.3:6; 12:13; Matt.22:16). A suah
pawi bawl a, a pai Galilee gama makaite leh galkapmangte in zong Herod panpih uh
hi. Jesuh kithuahpih siah-dongte in Herod Antipas ading ahk Rome kumpi tadingin si-
ah-donsak hi. Tua hun lai-a, thu omziate i et ciangin Phariseete in siah-dongte khawng
a neu et uh ahi thei lua ding mah ahi hi. Tua hunin mihaute’ lo-a, lokhawh thalawhte a
niam pen a kingaihsun ahi hi. Siah-don tam lua ahih manin ni danga lo nei tampi takin
kem zo nawnlo-in a lote uh zuak uh hi. Tua ahih manin nuntakzia zui-in mi nam nih bek
om a, mihau mahmahte leh mizawng mahmahte ahi hi. A zawng a hau kikhai lua ahih
manin leibatna leh guktatna, kiluh kisuamna leh thusia lasia tampi om hi. Topa Jesuh
thuhilhna pen khuapi sung sangin khuata tamzaw a, mihaute sangin mizawngte tung
hizaw hi. Amah in mizawngte thupha pia-in, annek tuidawn, puansilh niikten adingin Pa-
sian muan ding hanthawn hi.
Galilee gam leh Jewte gam kikaal a teeng Samaria mite pen 2 Kumpite sung leh
Josephus khutgelhlaite i et ciangin Assyriante in Saklam gam BC722 kum a, a laak uh teh
Israelte tampi a gam pan un hawlkhia in, mi namdangte, Israelte gamah teengsak uha,
a tu a tate uh kahbia hong suak uh hi. Hih kahbia a kicite pen “Samaria Mite” kici hi. Biak-
na leh ngeina a tuamin nei uha, Jewte a’ tawh kibang lo hi. Jewte in mi namdang in tuat
uha, tawm zong kisawh kha nuam lo uh hi. Samaria mite upna leh Jewte upna tua zah in
kilamdang sam lo hi. Israel mite mah bangin Pasian khat bek mah bia uha, Pasian teel
ahihna uh zongsangin, Moses thukhamte zong zui-in, Sabbath tanna, vun-atna, biakna
pawi tuamtuamte bang limzat mahmah uh hi. Ahi zongin, Jerusalem pen biakna phual-
pi in ciamteh lo uha, Shechem a om Gerizim Mual tungah biakinnpi khat amau adingin
tuam neih uh hi. Hih biakinn pen Hasmonean ten susia uh hi. Moses gelh laibu 5 te bek
THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 123
LST in sang uha, tua nangawn Jewte a tawh kibang pha lo hi. Topa Jesuh in Judea pan
Galilee gam a pai ciangin Samaria gam tawn a, Jewte leh Samariate mahmah in zong
lamdang sa uh hi (Jn.4:7-42). AD kum zalom 1 na lai-in Jew gam leh Jerusalem khuapi-in
Jewte kipumkhatna lak pha mahmah hi. Jerusalem biakinnpi a biakna pen Palestine
a om Jewte hi taleh, mun tuamtuam a, a kithehthaang Jewte hita leh thupi koih mah-
mah uh hi. Jerusalem khuapi a teeng lo Jew mite in Paisan pawi siim dingin kum khat in
khatvei peuhmah Jerusalem ah hawh hamtang uh hi. Jerusalem ah tua hunin mi 80,000
bang a teeng hi-a, Paisan pawi hun ciangin mi 300,000 bang phato hi. Kumpi Herod the
Great in a puahphat biakinnpi zong sum leh paai zuakna phualpi hong suak hi.
Jewte pasal ahih nakleh biakinnpi siah piak kul a, tua panin zong sum tampi lut
hi. Tua banah sum ngahna tuamtuam zong om hi. Leisung tawhna panin Jerusalem ah
inn hoih, inn gina tampi om ahih lam kimukhia hi. Tua hunin mihaute noptatzia zong kimu
thei hi. Ahi zongin, khuata a teeng lokho, gankhawi mite zawng mahmah uha, a nuntak
zia uh kikhai lua ahih manin thu buai tampi piang hi. AD 6 kuma kipan Judea gam pen
Romete in Caesarea khua panin gaal uk hi. Jerusalem ah zong galkap honkhat koih uh
hi. Jewte biakna pawi a om ciangin Caesarea a tu Rome kumpi uliante Jerusalem ah
hawh thei zel uh hi. Romete Judea gam a uk cil lai-un, mi kisimna khat bawl uh hi. Tua thu
a langpanna in Gamala mi Judas in thu buai piangsak hi.
Rome kumpite zong a thangpaai uh ahih manin kumpi tunga siah piak tampi-in
khangsak uha, mizawng tading hong haksa semsem hi. Rome kumpite in Gamala mi
Judas leh a pawlte kitomna ngaat takin nencip uh hi. Nak zawh mahmah uha, Romete’
galvan Judas in tawlkhat sung a matsakna khua, Sepphoris zong haltum uh hi. Josephus
in a genna ah Gamala mi Judas pen thuthuk lina (Fourth Philosophy) a phuankhia pa
ahi hi, ci hi. Hih mite in thauvui thau tang tawi-in, suahtakna nading hanciam uh hi. Hih
bangin Rome kumpite langdona om zelzel a, AD 66 kum ciangin kumpi langdona mun
khempeuh ah hong kizel ta hi. Rome kumpi uliante in amau meetna ding bekin Jew mite
biakna leh ngeina te neubawlsak, thaang bawlsak lua uh ahih manin hih langdona hong
piangkhia hi. Topa Jesuh hun a Rome kumpi ulian Pilate mangpa bang zong Jew mite
a gal bawl masa khat ahi hi. Topa Jesuh mahmah kithah nading thu a pia pen hih Pilat
mangpa ahi hi.
Jewte Biakna Sunga Zuihna leh Upna
Tanglai Jewte in upna sangin zuihna bulphuhzaw uh hi. Jew mite sungah zong
biakna thu tawh kisai saanzia nam tampi om a, Josephus bangin nam 4 in na khen hi.
Tuate in Pharisee te, Sadducee te, Essene te leh Fourth Philosophy kici thagum suanga
suahtakna a zongte ahi hi. Zealot te pawl ahi hi. Lungdamna thubute in hih pawl tuamtu-
amte’ kilamdanna a tamgen zawk hangin a kibatna uh zong tampi om hi. Tua banah hih
bangin pawl tuamtuam a om hangin a mipite pawl zui-a kikhenthaang keei cih bang hi
lo hi. Josephus genna ah, Sadduceeste tawm mahmah uha, Essenete 4000 taang pha
in, Phariseete 6000 khawng bek ahi hi, ci hi. Tua ahih manin mipi a tamzaw thamte kua-
mah tawh kipawl se lo uh hi.
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Jewte’ Taangpi Upna
Tanglai Jewte upna ah biakinn khat bek kinei dinga, tua pen Jerusalem khua
ah om in, tua biakinnpi bekah biakpiakna kipia thei ding cih ahi hi. Tua biakinnpi huang
sungah siampite om nading, Jew mi pasalte om nading, numeite leh naupangte om
nading, Gentailte om nading cih bangin mun a tuam tek om hi. Siampi lianpen pa kum
khat in khatvei siangtho pen munah lut thei ding hi. Josephus genna ah kum zalom khat
lai-in biakinnpi a nasem siampi leh Levi mi 20,000 bang om hi ci hi. Biakpiakna tawh kisai
khempeuh siampite in tavuan la hi. Sianthona tawh kisai zong thukham tampi nei uh hi.
Hih thukhamte gamtat hoih tawh kisai lo hi. Misi luang a lawng khat bang mi nin suak
a, biakinnpi ah biakna a piak nop leh kisian-suah phot kul hi. Pumpi pan a paikhia nin
khat peuhpeuh in zong mi ninsak ahih manin tua bang mite zong tui sungah kidiah in
kisian-suah hamtang kul hi.
Kum sima kibawl biakna pawi a thupi thum om hi. Tuate in Paisan pawi, Pentecost
leh biakbuk pawite ahi hi (Pai.23:17;34:23, Thhkna.16:16). Hih pawite a vek in siim sawm
le-uh kum khat in Jerusalem thumvei pai kul ding hi. Pawi siim ding pen pasalte tavuan
hi zawdeuh sam napi, numeite leh naupangte in zong zui thei uh hi. Jesuh a neu lai-in a
nu leh a pa tawh Paisan pawi siim in Jerusalem ah pai hi (Lk.2:41-51). Pawi siim ahih zah
khat un an lim zong ne uh hi. Lawm leh gual tawh zong kimu, kithuah in lasa in, laam in
nuam sa mahmah uh hi. Amau inn tek ah Jew innkuante in Shema (Thhkna. 6:4-5) nisi-
min lotngah in ciden uh hi. Thungetna, LST simna, Sabbath tannate nei den uh hi. Pasal-
note vun ki-at hamtang hi. Jew mite pen a maan Pasian khat bek a biate hi uha, Pasian
dang peuh mah biak theih nading a khuan om peuh mah lo hi. Jewte in Pasian in leitung
piangsak in uk a, Ama nasepte nisim nuntakna ah kimu thei hi, ci-in um uh hi. Pasian in
amaute teel in thukham pia a, amaute tawh kiciamna bawl hi ci-in Jewte in um uh hi.
Pharisee te
Pharisee te i ngaihsut ciangin mi kineih, amau leh amau hoih a kisa, a tungtham
a thukham a zuite, Jesuh a sih nading a vaihawmte cih bangin i lungsim ah hong lut
hi. Ahi zongin, Pharisee te in hoihna zong tampi mah nei uh hi cih Josephus khutgel-
hlaite leh Jewte biakna laibu ahi, Mishnah, Tosefta leh Tulmudte panin kimu hi. Lung-
damna thubute ah Pharisee te in Topa Jesuh a langpanna uh a kitam muh zawk hangin,
Phariseete pawlkhat in a na khualna uh zong kimu thei hi (Lk.13:31). Pharisee te in inn ah
Jesuh in nitak an nihvei ne ngei hi (Lk.7:36,14:1). Pharisee ahi Nichodemus pen Topa Je-
suh nungzui hong suak hi (Lk.3:1-21; 7:50-51;19:39). Pharisee pawlkhat in Jesuh thugente a
hoih lamin mu uh hi ci-in John in gen hi (Jhn.9:16). Sawltakte Tangthu 5 sunga Gamaliel
thugen bang hileh Pharisee te pawlkhat in Christiante biakna pen hi ci koih lel in nawng-
kaisak lo uh ahih lam kimu thei hi.
Pharisee te hong piankhiatna pen kitel taktak lo hi. Ahi zongin LST siam pawlkhat in
Hasmoneans te hun lai-a, gamvai khawng ah thunei mawh lo Hasidimte tawh hong ki-
pan khia hi ci-in um uh hi. Hasmonean kumpi ahi, John Hyrcanus (BC134-104) hong khan
THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 125
ciangin Hasidimte tawh hong kithu tuak lo-in, a zaluahpa Alexander Janaeus (BC103-76)
hong khan ciangin Phariseete tampi singlamteh tungah that hi. Alexander a sih ciangin
a zi Salome Alexandra in (BC76-67) sung kumpi sema, tua sungin Pharisee te in thu hong
neito kik uh hi. Herod the Great hong khan cil lamin kiho thei napi uh a zaa kiat ding a
genkholh uh ciangin hong kisia uha, hawlkhiatna thuak uh hi. BC63-AD 70 kum kikaal ah
Pharisee te in bang ciang thunei zo cih Josephus in gen kha lo ahih manin kithei lo hi.
Mite in pimuh mawh lo napi, gamvai khawng ah thunei zo khol lo hile-uh kilawm hi. Syn-
agogue ah thu nei uha, laigelhna tuamtuamte ah zong kihel uh hi. Pharisee te in Judea
gam sangin Galilee gam ah thunei zaw uh hi.
Thunei zo taktak lo uh ahihna Lungdamna thubute panin zong kimu thei hi. Gal-
ilee gam Jesuh nasepna a langpanpen amau hinapi, Jesuh a kimatna, a kithusitna leh
a kithahnate ah Pharisee kipawlna min tawh kitam hel lo uh hi. Amau kihelna John in
tawm gen a (Jhn.18:3), Matthew, Mark, Luke te bangin gen kha vet lo hi. Phariseete pen
ulian thunei hi lo-in thukham a thupisak mi mawkmawkte hizaw hi. Pharisee pawlkhat
siampi hi-in, pawlkhat in logam nei-a, pawlkhat sumbuuk nasem leh sum bawl ahi uh hi.
I gen sa mah bangin thukham bulphuh mahmah uh hi. LST sunga thukhamte bek zong hi
lo-in a kiphuaktawm kam tawh kihilhsawn, pu leh pa ngeinate zong limzuih mahmah uh
hi (Mk.7:3-4). LST sunga thukhamte leh pu leh pa ngeina a kikimin koih uh hi. Topa Jesuh
hunin LST khiatzia tawh kisai Phariseete nam nih in kikhen hi. Hillel kicipa phuat Hillites te
leh Shammai kici pa phuat Shammaites ahi hi. Hillelites School sangte in thu sang thei
zaw deuh uha, Shammaites School sangte in amau cih bek ci tentan uh hi. Phariseete in
misite thawhkikna leh sih khit ciangin nuntakna thute um uh hi (Sawlt.23:8).
Sadduccess
Sadduccees te thu i theihna pen Phariseete thu i theih mah bangin LST Thuciam
Thak, Josephus leh Jewte biakna laibute pan ahi hi. Amau thu pen amau a langpan mite
tung pan a kithei ahih manin langgenna zong om kha dinga, zong kicing khol lo ding
hi. Sadduccees te sungah siampi a sem taktak pawlkhat bek ahih hangin amau pen
siampi nasep tawh kisai thuneite ahi uh hi. Tua ahih manin biakinnpi tawh zong kisai
kha mahmah uh hi. Siampi Lianpa tawh si leh sa a kimatna leh leitung thu a kimatna nei
uh ahih manin gam ki-ukna lam khawng uuk uha, thu ong nei zo in hau zong hau uh hi.
Kumpi thuneite’ panpihna ngah uha, ahi zongin mipite panpihna bel ngah lo uh hi.
Jerusalem biakinnpi a kisuksiat ciangin Sadduccees te kipawlna zong bei hi. Jo-
sephus genna ah Sadducceeste pen thukhenna ah gamh mahmah uha, mittang khat
taang mittang khat, hatang khat taang hatang khat a ci pah lianliante uh hi ci hi. Lawm
leh gual kithuahna ah zong ngongtat vatvat uha, omzia khawlzia siam lo uh hi, ci hi. Sad-
ducces te in Moses thukham bu 5 te bek LST in sang uha, misite thawhkikna um lo uh hi
(Mk.12:18-21; Sawlt.23:8). Leitungah hauh ding phat ding bek lungtup in nei uh ahih manin
sih khit ciang thu zong awlmawh lua lo uh hi kha mai ding hi. Jerusalem khua ah thu-um
masate bawlsiatnate ah Saduccesste makai in pang uh hi (Sawlt.4:1-6; 5:17-18).
126 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
Essenete Leh Qumran Pawlte
Essenete leh Essene nam khat veve ahi Qumran pawlte LST sungah a kigen loh
hangin amaute thu mi tampi in na gen kha hi. Josephus, Philo, Pliny the Elder, Hegesip-
pus, Hippolitus, Eusebius leh Jerome te in hih pawlte thu na gen uh hi. AD kum zalom 12
sunga kimu Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS) tampite pen Essenete gelh leh kepcing uh ahi hi. A upna
uh tuam kai-in amau mahmah tuam om uh ahih manin Jew mi bup tungah thunei zo
lo uh hi. Ahi zongin amaute khutgelhlaite in Jew mite sunga ngeina tuamtuamte hong
theihsak banah, amau upna leh LST Thak a kizopzia thu hong theisak hi. Essenete sunga
Qumran kipawlna kicite in sianthona thupi koih uh hi. Khat leh khat ki-it mahmah uh hi.
Kiteenna deih lo uha, tagahte kem uh hi. A kidalna dingun galvan nam khat peuhpeuh
pua den uh hi. Kiciamna zang lo uh hi. Natna satna a neih uh ciangin zatui zang uh hi.
Amau sungah thu ki-im lo uha, ahi zongin a pua lam mite tungah thusim peuhmah gen
lo uh hi. Pawl mi suahna dingin thu dotna dawl nih nei uh hi. Amau thukhun bang a zui
lote pawl sung pan lakhia uh hi. Upate zahtak uh hi. Kihtak nei lo uha, pumpi pen a si thei
mah hi lel in, kha bek a si thei lo hi ci-in um uh hi. Hih Essene pawlte upzia, saanzia pen
Jerusalem a om Jew siampite upzia, saanzia, tawh kilamdang sim tham hi.
Hih Qumran kipawlna Hasmoneans kumpi Jonathan maan lai BC kum zalom 2
laizang pawl a hong piangkhia hi ding hi ci-in LST siam tampite in um uh hi. Sadduc-
ceeste nam siampite tung pan Hasmoneans te in siampi zaa a suh uh ciangin “Thuman
Siapa” kici mi khat makai in gamlak ah a hon in tai uha, hih kipawlna a phuankhia ahi
uh hi. AD 68 kumin Romete in a phiatsak teh “Qumran kipawlna” bei pan hi. Hih pawlte in
na khempeuh Pasian sehsa bang a piang hi cihthu bulphuh mahmah uh hi. Leitungah
thu paipi nih om a, thumaan leh zuau thu ahk khuavaak leh khuamial hi ci uh hi. Amau
pen khuavaak tate kihisak in midang tate khuamial tate suaksak uh hi. A beisa hun ah
kicing takin Pasian hong kilaak zo ahih manin kilaakna thak kisam nawnlo hi ci uh hi. A
beisa kilaaknate “Thuman Siapa” leh a nungzuite bekin a khiatna gen thei ding hi ci uha,
a khiatna a gen uh ciangin amau tangthu leh tangthu sunga mite tawh bulh uh hi. Hih
bang LST khiatzia pen “Pesharim” kici-a, Sih Tuipi Laizialte (DSS) sungah tampi kihel hi.
Matthew
Matthew in lungdamna thu bu AD58 kum pawl in a gelh ahi hi. Amah pen Rome
kumpite’ khutnuai a siahdong khat ahi hi (Matt.9). Nungzuipi 12 te lakah khat hi-a, Mark
leh Luke in Levi cih min tawh zong na sam hi (Mk.2:13-17, Lk.5:27-32). Jew mite tunga a
gelh ahih zahkhat in LST Lui thu tamveipi gen a, Jesuh in Christ hi cih thu tel lah hi. Je-
suh’ khang simna ah Abraham suan leh khak ahihna leh David’ tapa ahihna zong gen
hi (Matt.1:1-17 leh Pian.12 tawh enkak in). Tua hi-a, Matthew in Jesuh pen ama kumpi gam
hong puak kumpipa in na gen hi. Jewte in Pasian min zahtakin lo ngam lo uh ahih manin
Mark leh Luke in, “Pasian’ kumpi gam” ci-in a zatna munte ah Matthew in “Vantung kumpi
gam” ci-in zang a, “Pasian” cih kammal na kihelsak lo hi. Thuhilhnate thupisak a, kumpi
gam a zuih ding thute mual tung thuhilhna (Matt.5-7) ah gen in hun bei kuan a thupiang
dingte Olive Mual thulhilhna (Matt.24-25) ah na gen hi.
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Kumpi gam omzia lahna dingin thugentehna tuamtuam zong gen hi (Matt.13).
Lungdamna thu bute sungah pawlpi thu a gen kha Matthew bek hi-a, a lian 16 ah pawl-
pi pian nading thu gen in 18 ah pawlpi sung kikhalzia ding gen hi. Matthew 1-4 sungah
kumpipa in a thuneihna hong zat ciangin mite in na nial uha (Matt.8-12), tua thu hangin
a lian 13 a thugentehnate hong piangkhia ahi hi. Hih a kinial kumpipa mahin mite adin-
gin na hong sepsak veve hi (Matt.14-23). Ama hong pai kik nading thu (Matt.24-25) sun-
gah kigen hi. Matthew (26-28) sungah Matthew in kumpipa sihna, a thawhkikna leh a
vankahnate gen hi. A kiza mun mahmah “Sawlna Lian” pen a lian 28 sungah om hi.
Mark
John Mark a kici Mark gelh laibu pen Lungdamna thu bute lakah a kigelh masa
pen dingin ki-um a, AD50-58 sunga kigelh ahi hi. Mark in Jesuh leitungah a nuntak sungin
mu kha lo hi. Ahi zongin Paul, Barnaabas (Sawlt 12:25, 3:13, 15:36-39, Col.4:10, 2 Tim.4:11) leh
Peterte (1 Pet.5:13) tawh a kithuah mi khat hi-a, Peter tawh kinak thuah deuh lai hi ci-in
kisang tek hi. Peter nungzui in a kithuahkhopna pan un hih laibu hong gelhkhia thei ahi
hi. Peter tawh Rome khuapi ah a kithuah sungun bawlsiatna khang semsem ahih manin
Lungdamna thu a manthan-loh nadingin Peter in a mit tawh a muh Jesuh nuntakna thu
a gente Mark in lai tawh a hong gelhkhiat ahi hi.
Tua ahih manin, Mark in Jesuh pen Jehovah in nasem mi kuhkalpa leh singlamteh
tunga sihna a thuak dong a thumang mipa in gen hi. A laibu kipat tung phet mah in Je-
suh pen na a sem pah tangtang nasempa in na lak hi. Hih laibu tomno sungah “Thakhat
thu in” cih kammal 41 vei om hi. Nasepna a lak laibu ahihna kilang mahmah hi. A kammal
zatzia leh a laigelhzia tungtawngin Mark in Christ nasepna teltakin na lak hi. Mark in 1:1-13
sungah nasempa, a mi mahmah in hong lakkhia a, a nasepna (1:14-13:37) sungte ah gen
hi. Mawhneite hong tat nadinga nasempa hong sihna, gualzo tak a, a thawhkikna leh
vantunga, a kilaaktohnate a lian 14-16 sungah kigen hi.
Luke
Hih lungdamna thubu a gelh pen Gentail mi ahi hi. Paul ii lawm kician, a siavuan-
pa leh a Pasian naseppih pa ahi hi (Col. 4:13, Phil. 24, 2 Tim. 4:11). Christ thugen a za nung-
zuite leh Christ a mu mi tuamtuamte kiang panin thu a kaihkhop khit ciangin Gentail ta
dingin leh a diakdiakin Theophilus adingin a kician sinsen leh a kicing mahmah (1:2-4)
hih laibu AD60-61 kum pawl in a gelh ahi hi. Pasian’ vangliatna leh Pasian’ phatna tawh
a kidim laibu ahi hi (Lk. 1:46-55, 68-75, 2:9, 14, 25, 29-32, 9:26, 32, 21:27, 24:36, 51-53). Lung-
damna thubu teng lakah Luke in leitung bup a huam kim pen dingin gelh hi (1:47, 69, 71,
77, 2:11,30, 15:1-31, 19:10). Jesuh in minam deidan lo, numei pasal deidan lo, biakna deidan
lo-in hotkhiatna hong pia hi (2:14) ah “Mi khempeuh” (2:32) sungah “Gentail ta dingin
khuavak”, (3:4-6, Isai. 40:3-5) a om minam khempeuh” cih tawh enkaak in. Luke 9:54;
10:33; 17:16 te ah Samaria mite kithupi koih a, (4:25-27) sungah Gentail te kithupi koih hi.
Sawlna lian a kipiakna ah leitung buppi ah lungdamna thu puakkhiat ding ngimna tawh
kigen hi. Luke in mi tuamtuamte a khualna kidawk mahmah hi. Mi thupilote leh mi kisi-
128 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
mmawhnate thu lim gen hi. Gentehna in siahdong Zechaeus, a dah a kap Cleopas leh
Nain khua a meigongnu thute hi a, Jesuh in nuntakna a genna ah numeite thupi koih hi.
Numeite in Jesuh nasepna lam tuamtuam tawh huh uh hi. Nain khua a meigongnu, nu-
mei paktatnu, Calvary Mual ah kap kawmsa in a zui numeite, hanhawm a va en numeite
cih bangin numeite kihelna tampi om hi. Dangka tang mansuah zong numei mah ahi hi
(Lk.15). Naupangte zong kipikoih hi (7:12; 8:42; 9:38). A haute (Lk. 19:2; 23:50), a zawngte (1:53;
2:7, 4:17-21; 6:20; 7:52) leh mi zahtakhuaite (7:36; 11:37; 14:1) tungah a kibangin hotkhiatna
man ngen lo-in kipia hi.
Jesuh nuntakna sungah Khasiangtho in zong panmun na la hi. Ze-etna a thu-
akna ah (4:1) a nasepna ah (4:14) a lungdamna ah 10:21-22; a kamciamna 24:49 cihte
ah kimu thei hi. Jesuh a nuntakna ah thugetna tawh kidim hi (3:21, 5:15-16, 16:12, 9:18-22,
29, 10:17-21, 11:1, 22:39-46; 23:34-46). Lungdamna tawh kidim laibu ahi hi (1:14, 44, 47; 10:21,
15:23-32, 24:52-53). Hih lungdamna thu bu pen a nuai-a bangin a banban in kigual thei
hi. Luke 1:1-4:13 sungah Jesuh hong paina leh nasep nading kiginkholhna, Luke 4:14-9:50
sungah Galilee kiim tengah Jesuh nasepna, 9:51-19:27 sungah Jew gam leh Perea munte
ah Jesuh nasepna; 19:28-24:53 sungah a nunung pen nipi kaal sunga Jesuh nasepna cih
bang kigual thei hi.
John
Hih lungdamna thu bu pen Andrew sanggampa John gelh hi ci-in kisang ciat hi.
A nu pen Topa Jesuh’ nu Mary ii sanggamnu Salome ahi hi (Matt. 27:56). Nungzuite lakah
zong Jesuh tawh a kinai pente sungah kihel hi. Galilee gam a ngabeng mi khat hi-a, “A
ki-it nungzuipa” ci-in (Jn.13:13) sungah kigen hi. Nungzuite lakah a si nunung pen pa hi-a,
hih Lungdamna thubu banah laikhak thum leh Mangmuhna bu zong gelh hi. Hih laibu
pen AD80 - 96 kum kikaal a kigelh hi ci-in LST siam a tamzawte in um uh hi. John in LST
Lui thute tam gen hi. Abraham nuntakna, mana an, gamlak a gul cihte na hel hi. Kammal
thupi ahi: thu, upna, itna, nuntakna, thumaanna, lungnopna, lungdamna, khuavak, teci,
mawhna, Khasiangtho, cihte zong thupisak hi. Jesuh pen vantung pan a hong pai Pasian
Tapa ahihna tel gen hi. Jesuh in “Keimah” a cihna mun tampi ah kimu hi (6:35,41,48; 8:12;
9:5;10:7,9,11,44;11:25; 14:6; 15:1,5).
Amah a tawntung in Pasian (1:1, 2) a piangsak Pa (1:3) nuntakna naak (1:4) mihing
bangin hong pianna (1:140) amah a um mi khempeuh Pasian’ tate suaksak hi (1:11-12). Je-
suh pen Pasian Tapa hi cih thei-in, um a, tua tungtawn in nuntak tawntungna ngah na-
ding deihna tawh hih Lungdamna thubu a kigelh ahi hi (21:31). John in na lamdang sagih
ciamteh hi (2:1-11; 4:46-54; 5:1-15; 6:1-15, 16-21;9:1-44;11:1-44). Inndei tungnunga thuhilh-
na ah Khasiangtho thu, leitung thu, Pa, Tapa, Khasiangthote’ kizopzia thu-um mite leh
thumgawm Pasian kizopziate cingtakin kigen hi. A thupi mahmah Topa’ thungetna zong
kiciamteh hi. Christ pen Messiah ahihna hih Lungdamna thubu sungah kitel muh pen hi.
John in a gen nop thu, a kitel theih nadingin 1:1-18 sung leh Christ in mipi lak a, a nasep-
nate 1:19-12:50 sungah gen in, a kilang lo a, a nasepnate 13-17 sung ah a gen khit ciangin
a sihna leh a thawhkiknate 18-21 sungah gen hi.
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Sawltakte Tangthu
Sawltakte laibu pen Luke in Theophilus tunga, a khak laibu nihna ahi hi. Hotkhi-
atna thu tawh kisai sawltakte nasepna thute gen hi. AD63-64 kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi.
Lungdamna thubute leh Paul’s laikhakte kikaal a, a kikoihna a hang thupi om hi. Jesuh
nuntakna tangthu a kigelhna laibute leh Christian upna a kitel genna laikhakte a peh-
khawm laibu ahi hi. Hih tangthu bu in pawlpi khanzia, tanglai pawlpi omzia leh pawl-
pi’upna thu laigilte hong lak hi. Thu-ummite thuakna leh a gualzawhnate uh, a upna
uh leh a kipiakkhiat ngamnate uh zong hong gen hi. Peter leh ama thuhilhnate a lian 12
ciang ah cingtakin kimu thei hi. Siavuan Luke in hotkhiatna thu tangkona, upna huutna
leh thu-ummite thapiakna gelh hi.
Jerusalem khua a pawlpi a punzia leh pawlpi punna hanga pawlpi upate hong
piangkhiat zia a lian (2-6) sungah kimu hi. Stephen nuntakna sunga thupiang a lian (7),
Philip a lian (8), Paul kikhelna a lian (9) te ah kimu thei hi. Christian masate thuaknate a
lian (8-12) sungah kigen hi. A omlai tengah Paul thu kitam gen pen hi. Gammial nasem
a, a khuazinnate (A masa pen khualzinna pan Jerusalem khuapi a thu kikupna ciang,
a lian (12:25-16:15), a nihna leh a thumna khualzinna a lian (16:6-19-28:31) sungte ah a
neng a tawng in kiciamteh a, mun tampite ah Luke in a mit mahmah tawh a muh thute
gen hi. Khasiangtho pen hotkhiatna thu a kizelh nadingin a sempi taktak pa ahihna (1:4;
2;8; 10; 19); buainate a vengsakpa ahihna (15:27,28) leh makai dingte a teelpa (15:28) leh
makaite’n pawlpi mite kepcing nading (20:28) ahihnate kimu thei hi.
Rome Laikhak
Thuciam Thak bu 27 sungah bu 21 te laikhak hi-a, tuate lakah Romans laibu in
a masa pen ahi hi. Paul in ama zat ngeizia zui-in hih laikhak sungah zong Jesuh Christ
“Nasempa” leh “Sawltakpa” ci-in gen hi. Hih pilna sangpi neipa Paul pen Tarsus khua
ah Jew mi Benjamin suan nulepa sung panin piang hi. Gamaliel khutnuai ah pilna sin a,
Pharisee sia khat zong suak hi. Jew minam leh biakna a sih pih ngam khat ahi hi. Luke
in a pianthakna Sawltak a lian 9 sungah na ciamteh hi. A pianthak khit ciangin Jesuh a
dinga nasepnate (13-28) sungah kimu thei hi. Rome khuapi ah pawlpi kua phuh hi ding
hiam cih kithei lo hi. Minam tuamtuam kihelna Rome khua a pawlpi ah Jewte leh Gentail
te omkhawm uh hi. Hih hunin Paul in Mediteranean kim tengah kum 20 bang nasem khin
ahih manin nasepna ding gam thak a zon laitak ahi hi. Jerusalem ah ciahkik in Corinth
khua a tun ciangin Nitumna lam gam ahi Spain gamah Rome khuapi tawnin pai ding
geelna nei hi. Hih laikhak pen tua khualzin nading theihsak kholhna ahi hi (15:22-25).
Paul in Tertius kicipa laigelh dingin cial a (16:22), AD57-58 kum pawl in a gelh ahi
hi. A laikhak teng lakah a thuluanzia a kician pen leh Christian upna laigil teng a kim-
na pen laikhak ahi hi. Dikna, mawhna, sihna, nuntakna thak, diktansakna, sianthosakna,
minthansakna, upna, hehpihna, mawhmaisakna, kilemkikna, tatkhiatna cih thute cing-
takin gen hi. LST Lui zong tampi na gen hi. Ci leh sa ah a sanggam Israel mite a veina
zong kilang mahmah hi (9-11). Mawhna tawh kisai (1-3) sungah gen a, Abraham nuntak-
130 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
na etteh in nei in hehpihna hanga upna tawh hotkhiatna kingah lam (4-6) sungah hong
tel gen hi. Sianthosakna tawh kisai (7-8) sungah gen hi. A beisa hun a Israel mite’ ngah
thuphate, tu laitak a, a kithehthangna uh leh mailam a, a kikaihkhop kik nadingun (9-11)
sungah kigen hi. A omlai tengah Christiante, i minpuak tawh kizui a nuntakna hoih i neih
nading hong hanthawn hi.
Corinth Masa
Achaia gam a om Corinth khua pen lei lam hitaleh, tui lam hitaleh Nisuahna lam
leh Nitumna lam a kisuktuahna mun khat ahi hi. Khua thupi mahmah khat hi-a, thaang-
tatna tawh kidim pah hi. “Aphrodite” kici nusian biakna mun ah numei kizuak bekbek
1000 bang om zen hi. Paul in gammial nasem a, a khualzin a nihveina ah hih khua ah
pawlpi na phut hi (18). Kum 5 khit ciangin Antioch khua ah tawlkhat a om khit ciangin a
thumveina gammial khualzinna nei kik hi. Tua hun sungin Corinth khua pawlpi ah buaina,
kilangneihna, thaangtatna leh upna maan lo tampi hong lut hi ci-in Paul kiko hi (1:11; 16:17).
Pawlpi mite in zong Paul tungah thu pawlkhat hong dong uh hi (7:1). Paul sawltak ahihna
a sang zo lo pawl zong omlai hi. Galati leh Phrygia gam teng a zin khit ciangin hih laikhak
Ephesus khua panin AD55 kum pawl a, a gelh ahi hi.
Pawlpi sung thu nawngkaai teng puahkik nading ngimna tawh a gelh ahi hi. Tua
ahih zahkhat in hih laibu pen tuhun a pawlpi sungah a om kilangneihna, picinlohna,
kihazatna, nupa kikaal buaina, kumpi zum a thukibawlna, numei pasal mawhna thu, bi-
akpiakna ah hih zilzulna, kha letsongte zat khialhna leh upna dinmun kiplohnate puah-
phatna dingin a kizang thei mahmah laibu khat hong suak hi. Khasiangtho letsong vai
a kicing penin a lian 13 sungah kimu thei hi. A masa in pawlpi sung kilemlohna Paul in
khuituah hi (1-4). Numei pasal mawhna leh a kilawmlo gamtatna tawh kisai (5-7) sungah
gen a, milim biakna a kipia an tawh kisai thu (8-10) sungah gen hi. Kha lam thu tawh kisai
buainate hilhcianna (11-14) sungah gen a, (15) sungah thawhkikna tawh kisai teltakin hilh
hi. Thudang tuamtuam tawh kisai thute (16) sungah hilhna nei hi.
Corinth Nihna
Corinth Masa a gelhzawh a sawt het lo, AD55 kum sung mahin Paul in hih laikhak
na gelh kik hi. Laikhak masa a gelh manin numei pasal mawhna tawh kisai buaina leh
buaina dang pawlkhat bei zo hi. A kisikkikte pawlpi sungah saan kik nading thu zong gen
hi (2:5-10). Ahi zongin Paul a gensia leh sawltak ahihna a sang nuam lo mi pawlkhat om
lai hi (1:17; 11:5). Paul in ama lungdamna thugen leh Pasian na a sepnate a maan taktak
ahihna, a nasepsate panin na lak kik hi (2:14-17; 4:1-5; 5:16-21; 11:28-29, 12:14-15). Pasian
nasepna a lungkiate in hih LST munte panin tha ngah kik uh hi. Paul in thu-ummite, Pa
bang lungsim tawh a khualna zong kimu hi (1:24; 2:6-7; 6:1; 10:2; 13:5; 10, 11). Piakkhiatna
tawh kisai hilhna a hoih pen (8-9) sungah om hi. Paul in a masa nasepna leh lungdamna
thu tangkona a thupitzia (1-7) sungah gen hi. Piakkhiatna tawh kisai (8-9) sungah gen a,
a omlai tengah sawltakpi taktak khat ahihna kician takin lakkhia hi.
THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 131
Galati
Lungdamna thu Jerusalem khua panin a kipuak khiat zawh kum tawmno sungin
Gentail mite in zong hong sang thei pah uh hi. A sauvei lo-in, Gentail thu-umte sungah
Moses thukham zuih kul lai maw, zuih kul nawnlo cih buaina hong om pah hi. A ki Jew mi-
sak thu-umte in hotkhiatna ngah nadingin Gentail piangthakte in zong vun at in thukham
a zuih ding uh hi ci uh hi. Galati gam a thu-ummite in tua khemna na um kha uh hi. Tua
zuau hilh siate in Paul in Christ sawltak taktak ahihna zong nial uh hi. Paul thuhilhnate
maan lo-in gamtat hoihna ding thuhilhna kihel lo hi ci uh hi. Paul in tua thuhilhnate in
hotkhiatna thumaan a langpan ahihna mu hi. Galati laikhak pen Paul a mawhsaknate
uh dawnkikna ahi hi. Hehpihna hangin upna bek tawh dik kitansakna kingah hi ci-in Paul
in ciantakin hilh hi. Upna bek tawh dik kitansakna kingah hi cih thu a kigennate lakah hih
laibu a kician pen khat ahi hi. Christ sungah suahtakna a lian (5) sungah kigen a, (3-4)
sungah a kicianzaw in na tel kheh hi. Christ sunga suahtakna leh Khasiangtho vangliat-
na tawh nuntakna thu (5-6) sungah gen hi. Hih laikhak pen AD48-50 kum kiim pawl in a
kigelh ahi hi.
Ephesa
Ephesa khua pen Asia Minor gam sungah khua a thupipen hi-a, sum bawlna
khua thupi mahmah khat ahi hi. Milim nusian Diana biakinn zong om hi. Paul in hih khua
ah kum 3 sung bang om hi (Sawlt.19:10). Hih laikhak Paul in a gelh laitakin Rome khua ah
thongkia a, AD62-64 kum pawl in a gelh ahi hi. Hih laikhak Ephet khua ah kikhak masa in,
tua panin khua tuamtuam ah zong kikhak sawn hi. Lei pian mapek in Pasian in hong seh-
sak sa thu-um mite’ kha lam hauhna thuphate hong hilh hi (1:3). Pawlpi tawh kisai laigelh
thu laigil tampi zong kihel hi. Pawlpi tawh kisai ahi zongin, leitung tawh kisai ahi zongin,
Pasian geelnate hong lak hi. Jew mite leh Gentail mite hong gawmtuah hotkhiatna thu
tawh kisai nasepnate zong teltakin kimu thei hi. A kiseel thusim ahi pawlpi thu a lian (3)
sungah kimu hi. Thong sung pan mahin a gelh Colosians laikhak tawh kibang simsim hi.
Hih laibu neu sungah a thupi mahmah sawltakpa’ thungetna nih kiciamteh hi (1:15-23;
3:14-21). Pasian in tangtawng panin a geel thute upna pulaakna danin (1-3) sungah kigen
hi. A lian (3-6) sungah nuntakna thak tawh nuntak ding hanthawn hi. Innkuan sung nun-
takzia ding leh mimal a kha galdozia ding zong kigen hi. Christ leh pawlpi kizopna a lian
(5) sungah om hi.
Philipi
Philipi pen Macedonia gam sunga Rome khuapi khat ahi hi. Galkapte’ kikhuasak-
na khua khat zong ahi hi. Macedonia sapna mangmuhna a ngah khit ciangin Paul in a
khualzin a nihveina tungtangin a phuhkhiat pawlpi ahi hi. Lydia kicinu piangthak masa
pen hi (Sawlt.16). Paul zan khat thongkia a tua tungtawnin thong ukpa leh a innkuanpih
khempeuh zong piangthak uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Paul in Rome khua ah thongkia kik a,
Philipi khua a pawlpi mite in huhna tuamtuam khak uh hi. Tua huhnate a puak Epaph-
roditus si dektakin cina a, ahi zongin dam kik hi. A dam kik ciangin Paul nuam mahmah
132 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
hi. Philipi tunga a lungdamkohna hih laikhak sungah a lungdamzia kilang mahmah hi.
Kilawmtaatna (Kithuah) nadingin Christ kiniamkhiatna siiksan a, neih ding ahihna gen
hi. Ahi bang a lungkim theih ding zong hanthawn hi. Lungdam sa-in picin lam manawh
ding thapia hi. Haksatna sungah thu-ummite in Christ lim etteh ding a lian (1) sungah
gen in Christ kiniamkhiatna thu a lian (2) sungah gen hi. Thu-um mite adingin Christ pen
it ding, up ding leh lametna ahihna thute a lian (3) sungah gen hi. Christ in lung patauh-
na sungah lungdamna leh lungmuanna ahihna thute a lian (4) sungah gen hi.
Kolose
Asia Minor sunga khua thupi mahmah ngei ahi Kolosete khua pen tuhun ciangin
sumbawlna khua neuno khat suak ta hi. Hih khua a pawlpi pen Epaphras makaihna tawh
a kiphut hi dingin ki-um hi. Epaphras pen Paul naseppih hi-a (Eph.1:7; 4:12; Phil.1:23), Paul
tawh kimu dingin Rome khua a thong sungah a va hawhpa ahi hi. Hih pawlpi thu Paul in
a zak ciangin lungdam a, upna maan lo a kidop nading uh hilhna leh thapiakna thuah-
khawm in hih laikhak, AD60-62 kum pawl a, a gelh ahi hi.
Christiante’ upna ding pen Jesuh Christ ahihna thu (1:4), Pa’ lim leh meel a pua
Tapa ahihna (1:14-15), a kipiangsak na khempeuh i Topa ahi Jesuh in pawlpi’ lutang zong
ahihna (1:15,18), leitung leh Pasian a lemtuahkikpa ahihna (1:20), Pasian hihna kicing ama
sungah pumpi nei-in teeng ahihna (2:9), Jesuh mahmah Pasian pilna ahihna (2:10,15),
Pa’ taklam ah tu ahihna (3:1) te kigen hi. Tua ahih manin, Christ in a thupi pen leh na
khempeuh kicinna ahi hi. Christ a thupi pen ahihna tawh kizui a, Paul’ thungetna a lian (1)
sungah kimu hi. Kolose pawlpi mite a khualna (2) sungah kigen hi. Christian nuntak zia
dinga lian (3-4) sungah kigen hi.
Thessalonika Masa
Thessalonika khua pen Macedonia gamkete’ khuapi hi-a, tuhun ciangin “Thes-
saloniki” kici hi. Nisuahna lam paina Rome lam lianpi “Egnatia” tunga om hi-in, Jew-
te’ khawlteenna veeng khat zong om hi (Sawlt.17:1). Gammial khualzin a nih veina tung-
tangin Paul leh Silaste Philipi khua ah thong a kiat khit uh ciangin hih khua hong tung uh
hi. Pasian thu a gen uh ciangin a khua mite in bawlsiat sawm uha, Jason inn ah busim uh
hi. Tua khua pan zanpi-in ciahkhia uha, Berea khua tung uh hi. Ahi zongin, Thessalonika
khua ah Christ thu-um pawlkhat hong piangkhia hi (Sawlt.17:4).
A sawtlo-in Timothy in Paul hong nung delh a, Corinth khua ah hong pha hi.
Thessalonika khua pawlpi mite hoihtakin om uh hi cih thu Timothy in thu hong puak hi.
Pawlkhatte in bel bawlsiatna a om ciangin taikhia ahih manin Paul a meidawipi hi ci-in
ngawh uh hi. Topa hong pai kik nading thu thei khial uh ahih manin misite tawh kisai
dahna leh lung patauhna zong nei uh hi (4:13-17). Paul in hih laikhak AD 51 kum pawl in a
gelh hi-a, Thessalonika pawlpite’ khantohna hanga, a lungkimna leh a lungdamnate a
gen banah (1:1-10) meidawi hi ci-a, a ngawhna uh zong tel gen-kikna nei hi (2:1-12, 17-20).
Thessalonika pawlpite a pahtaakna leh a gamtatna sa a kihuutna thu a lian (1-3) sun-
gah gen a, a dang a omlai tengah upna thugil leh nuntaknazia ding hilhna nei hi.
THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 133
Thessalonika Nihna
Thessalonika Masa a gelh zawh kha 6 khit ciangin a kigelh laikhak ahi hi. Chris-
tiante kibawlsiatna nasia semsem hi. Thu-ummite in Topa hong pai pah ding sa uh ahih
manin nasem nawnlo-in thatang ngak uh hi. Sawltak Paul in Pasian pen mihingte sepna
leh a gamtatna uh tawh kituak in thaman a pia ding Pa ahihna lim gen hi (1). Topa’ ni
tawh kisai a lian (2) sungah hilhcianna nei-a, nasep hanciam nading tawh kisai thapiak-
na leh thuhilhna a lian (3) sungah gen hi.
Timothy Masa
Timothy pen Lystra khua pan hi-a, a pa Greek mi hi-in, a nu Jew mi ‘Pasian thu-
um mahmah khat ahi hi (Sawlt.16:1). LST Lui thu hoih takin sin kha a, (2 Tim 1:5; 3:15), Ly-
stra khua ah Paul a zin masak hun a, piangthak ahi hi (1 Tim 1:2). Paul’ gammial nasep
a khualzin nihna a kipan a muanhuai Paul naseppih khat hong suak hi (Sawlt. 17:14, 15;
18:5; 19:22; Kol:1). Jew mite tawh nasepna ah paubanna a om loh nadingin vun ki-at hi
(Sawlt.16:3). Timothy tunga laikhak nihte leh Titus bu pen pawlpi siate tawh kisai laikhakte
(Pasotoral Epistles) kici hi. Paul a khualzin 3 veina ah Timothy pen Ephet khua pawlpi vaan
dingin koihin, Titus pen Crete ah pawlpi vaan ding mahin nusia a, amah ahih leh Mace-
donia lamah zinsuak hi. Tua panin Timothy Masa leh Titus laikhakte AD62-65 kum sunga
a gelh ahi hi. Paul in Timothy leh Tituste’ nuntakzia ding leh nasepzia dinga hilhna ahi hi.
LST tawh kituak upna maan hilh ding lim gen pen hi. Tua upna maan in itna maan,
lungsim siangtho leh upna kician piangsak hi (1 Tim.1:3-11). Pawlpi sia ding leh pawlpi upa
dingte neih ding thu kisam teng zong cingtakin a gen (1Tim.3:1-13) banah, mi tuamtuam
tawh kizopzia ding zong gen hi (5:1-6:2). Upna maan hilh ding sawlna a lian (1) sungah
om hi. A lian (2-40 sungah pawlpi sung thu tuamtuam tawh kisai a khangno lai Timothy
tungah gen hi. A lian (5:1-6:2) sungah mi tuamtuam tawh kizopzia ding hilh hi-a lian (6:3-
19) sungah thu dang tuamtuam hilhna nei hi.
Timothy Nihna
Hih hun laitakin Paul pen kithah ding ngak in Rome khua thong sungah om hi
(4:13). A naseppih tengin amah taisan khin uh hi. A lungtang phatzia leh a gualzawhna
hih lawmta laikhak sungah kimu thei hi (4:6-9). A khangno lai Timothy thapiak nading leh
thuhilh cianna pawlkhat nei hi (4:19). Timothy in a neu tunga kipan a neih upna, phawksak
kik bek thamlo-in tua upna ah a kipsuak nadingin hanthawn hi (1:3-7, 8; 3:12). AD67 kum
pawl in a kigelh Timothy Nihna pen Paul’ laikhak nunung pen hi-a, Paul’ kam vaikhakna
leh tecipannate om hi. A masa in, Paul in Pasian tungah lungdamko in Timothy hansuah
hi (1:1-15). Onesiphorus longal a lawmdang tengin a nusiatna zong zasak hi (Aneu-15-20).
Pawlpi sia hoih khat suah theih nading thuhilhna a lian (2) sungah om hi. Ni nunung hun
ciangin a mite in Pasian a phawklohzia ding genkholhna a lian (3) sungah om in, a lian
(4) sungah tawlnga lo a Pasian thuhilh tawntung ding theihsakna (Aneu-1-5), Paul’ teci-
panna leh a lametna (Aneu-6-8) banah, ama ading mahmah aituam ngetnate (Aneu-
9-20) sungah gen hi.
134 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG
Titus
Titus pen Gentail mi hi-in, Paul pianthaksak hi-a, Paul in a muan a naseppih khat
zong ahi hi (1:4) Paul in Timothy Ephet khua ah a koih mah bangin Titus zong pawlpi vaan
dingin Crete khua ah koih hi (1:5). Crete khua mite pen thadah zulhzau uh hi (1:12). Paul
in Corinth panin hih laikhak AD63-65 kum pawl in a gelh hi-a, hilhna kician pawlkhat nei
hi. Hih laikhak tomno sungah Paul in a lawp mahmah khangno sia Titus tungah pawlpi
kepzia ding hilhna nei hi. Jesuh Christ lungdamna thu in pupa ngeinate pailet in, khit
siang sinsen a, puahpha in, man nei nuntakna piangsak hi cih zong gen hi. Tuucingte
neih dinga kisam thute (1:5-9) leh thuhilh zuaute Titus in a khaam nading sawlna nei hi
(Aneu-10-16). Thu-ummite Pasian deih banga nuntakna ding thu a lian (2) sungah hilh hi.
A lian (3) sungah na gina, na manpha tawh kisai thuhilhna nei hi.
Philemon
Philemon pen Pasian a um mihau khat hi dingin ki-um hi. Onesimus kici sila khat
nei a, tua pa ama kiang pan taimangin kuama muh loh dingin Rome khuapi ah hong bu
hi. Paul in tua khua ah a thongkiat laitak ahih manin hong kimu kha laizang uh hi. Onesi-
mus hong piangthak in thong sungah Paul a dingin a kizang thei mahmah khat hong
suak hi. Tua kimlai mahin Paul in Onesimus ii a to Philemon kiangah puakkik ding tav-
uan nei kisa hi. Tua hun lai-in sila taimangte a kimat kik leh sih daan kipia hi. Onesimus
a taikhiat in van manpha pawlkhat zong taipih kha ngel ding hi. Tua ahih manin Paul in
Philemon tungah laikhakin Christ sungah sanggam khat bang a Onesimus a saankik
nading thuumsak hi. Khat leh khat kithukkik lo-in mawh kimaisak nading leh kilemkik
nading thute gen hi. Philemon tunga Onesimus leibat teng zong lohsak dingin Paul in
kamciam pia hi. Pasian tawh a kilemkik theihna thu hong phawksak gentehna hoih khat
suak a, Christ sungah to leh sila cih bang kideidannate a om loh lam zong hong lak hi.
Hebrews
Hebrews laibu a gelh kua hiam cih kiciantakin kithei lo hi. A patna lam teng thuhilh-
na tawh kibang a, a tawpna lam ah laikhak tawh kibang hi. Laibu gelhpa in Timothy’ thu
na gen hi (13:23). Jew mi thu-um a nungtolh ta dinga kigelh laibu ahi hi. Jerusalem biak-
innpi omlai ahih manin AD70 ma a kigelh laibu hi cih kithei thei hi. Na khempeuh tungah
Christ a lian pen ahihna hih laibu ii gennop bulpi ahi hi. Tulaitak a, Christ nasepnate zong
kicing takin gen hi. LST Lui leh LST Thak enkaak mun mahmah a, LST Thak laibute lakah
LST Lui a tam hel pen laibu ahi hi. Christ in vantungmite sangin a lianzaw ahihna (1:4-2:18),
Moses sangin a lianzaw ahihna (3:1-4:13), Aaron sangin a lianzaw ahihnate (4:14-7:28)
zong teltakin kilak hi. Laibu gelhpa in Jew mite theih khak mahmah ahi biakinnpi tawh
kisai ngeinate, thuciamnate, thukham, Sabbath leh kamciamte tampi gen hi. Gamlak ah
Israel mite in Pasian a langdona pan un thusin a kidop ding zong na hanthawn hi. Tua
ahih manin Jew ngeina a ciahkik ding pen vangneu huai leh Pasian mahmah kosiatna
tawh kibang hi ci-in a gen banah, tua bang a ciahkik nuamte in a ngaihsut phat mah-
mah ding uh ciantakin gen hi. Hih laibu sungah Christ in na khempeuh tungah a lian
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Alamdang Laisiangtho Final (1)
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