Alamdang Laisiangtho Final (1)

THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG | 135

pen ahihna (1-4), Ama nasepna zong thupizaw in, kicing in siangtho ahihnate gen hi (5:1-
10-10:18). Tua thute panin upna tawh nuntak nading LST Lui sung thute gentehna pia in
hanthotna nei hi (10:19-13:25). Hih laibu pen haksatna sungah thuak keeikai a picin dong
mainawt nading hanthotna laikhak ahi hi.

James

James pen Jesuh nau hi-a, Jesuh sihna pan a thawhkik khit ciangin Jesuh a um
pan mi khat ahi hi. Jesuh a thawhkik khit ciangin James kiangah kilang hi (1 Cor. 15:7).
James in Jerusalem pawlpi ah makaipi khat ahi hi (Sawlt. 15). James laikhak pen LST Thak
sungah laibu kigelh masa pen khat ahi hi. Stephen a kithah khit ciangin a kithehthaang
Jew mite nam sawm leh nam nihte tunga kikhak ahi hi (Sawlt. 7; 8:1; 11:19). Pawlpi pua lam
panin bawlsiatna a om banah (1:2-4), pawlpi sungah zong a zawng a hau kideidanna om
hi. Pawlpi sungah ki-itna om lo-in, lungsim sung leh kampaukhiatte hehna, thangpaihna
bekbek tawh kidim hi (2:1-13; 3:1-4:3). James in haksatna thuakte thapiakna hitaleh, a lam
khialte a taina ah hitaleh kam khauh simsim na zang hi.

Hih laibu tomno sungah upna thu tawh kisai thugil tampi om hi. Pasian a cingh
ahihna (1:5), a siangtho ahihna (1:130, na hoih khempeuh ii naak ahihna (1:17), Amah lon-
gal Pasian dang om lo ahihna (2:19) te kigen hi. Mawhna in leitung bup zel a, mihing mit,
ngaihsutna leh lungtangte siasak hi (1;24-15). Mawhna in naugai bangin khangtoto a, a
tawpna ah sihna hong tun hi (1:15). Mawhna pen hehna (1:20), kihhuai gamtatna (1:21), Pa-
sian kosiatna (2:7), kideidanna (2:9-11), thangpaihna leh lunggulhna (4:1-3), leitung tawh
kipawlna (4:4), kiphatsakna (4:5), guktaakna leh midangte netniamnate (5:4) panin kil-
angkhia hi. Ni nunung hun ding tawh kisai zong genna nei a, Christ hong pai ciangin a
mite thukhen in thaman pia dinga, a kumpi gam ah amah tawh teengkhawm ding uh hi
cih thute zong kihilh hi. Hih laibu in sepkhiatna thupi koih hi. Pasian upna pen nuntakna
sungah sepna mahmah tawh lahkhiat ding hi ci-in hilh hi (1-2). Leei ukzawhna pen picin-
na hi ci-in a lian (3) sungah gen a, leitung thu a thupisakte a lian (4) sungah khauh takin
taai hi. Kidophuai thute leh hanthotna tuamtuam a lian (5) sungah na gen hi.

Peter Masa

Peter in Hebrew pau in Simeon ahi hi (Sawlt.15:14; 2 Pet.1:1). Greek lai in a kigelh
ciangin “Simon” hong suak hi. Cephas zong kici a, Aramaic pau in “Suangtum” a cih-
na ahi hi. Peter pen Greek pau a kilawhna hi-a, hih min mah tawh zong kitam theih
penin a laikhakte in zong tua min mah pua hi. Jesuh tawh a kinai deuh nungzuite lakah
zong a masa penpa ahi hi. Galilee gam Bethsaida khua a ngabeng mi khat hi-a, (John
1:44), tua khua panin Capernaum khua ah lal hi (Mk.1:21,29). Nungzui 12 te lakah a kidawk
pen pa ahi hi. Jesuh Messiah ahihna leh Pasian ahihna a pulaak masa pen pa zong
ahi hi (Matt.16:16). Tua bangin a pulaak khit ciangin pawlpi vaan dingin tavuan kipia hi
(Matt.16:19). Pentecost pawi ni leh tua khit cianga nasepnate ah a makai in pang den
hi (Sawlt.1; 2; 3). Gentailte’ tungah lungdamna thu a puak masa zong Peter mah ahi hi
(Sawlt.10). Hih laikhak pen AD62-63 kum pawl a kigelh ahi hi.

136 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG

Rome kumpi Nero in Christiante bawlsiat ding hong kipat ciangin Asia Minor
Saklam a om Jew thu-um mite leh Gentail thu-ummite in hih bawlsiatna thuak kha uh
hi. Hih laikhak sunga Babylon kici pen Rome khuapi genna hi ding in kisang tek hi (5:13).
Bawlsiatna thuakte thapiak nadinga kigelh ahih zah khat in hih laibu ah “Lametna” cih
thu bulphuh hi. Christ thuaknate leh ni khat ni ciangin tua Christ mah minthanna tawh
kidim ding ahihna thute, bawlsiatna thuak thu-ummite in a etteh ding thu ahihna kigen
hi (2:21). Hih laibu sungah leitung pen langpanna tawh kidim leitung ahih manin thu-um-
mite in lametna leh hotkhiatna, khamuana tawh nuntak ding ahih lam kibulphuh hi. 1
Peter (1:1-2:20) sungah a lian mahmah hotkhiatna thu leh nuntakna siangtho neih ding
hanthotna om hi. 1 Peter (2:11-3; 12) sungah Christiante’ tavuante kigen in (3:13-5:14) sun-
gah tulaitak a bawlsiatna leh haksatna i thuaknate mailam a i ngah dinga kigen zo lo
minthanna tawh na tehkaak hi.

Peter Nihna

Peter Nihna pen Peter Masa a kigelh zawh a sauvei lo a kigelh kik pah ahi hi. Nero
kumpipa in Christiante bawlsiat a kipat, AD 65 pawl a kigelh ahi hi. Tua bawlsiatna sun-
gah Peter in zong thahna thuak hi (2 Pet. 1:13 leh John 21:18, enkak). Peter a sih ding hong
naita a (1:14), zuau thuhilh te zong hong laang mahmah uh hi (2:1, 2). Thu-ummite in Christ
theihna ah khangto a zuau thuhilhnate a lehdo theih ding uh Peter in lunggulh hi (1:3-8).
A laikhak masa pen a pua lam pan a bawlsiatna tawh kisai thu hi-in, hih laikhak nihna
bel pawlpi sung zuau thuhilhna tawh kisai ahi hi. A nung lam ah Topa hong pai kik nading
thu kibulphuh hi. Zuau thuhilhte mawhsakna thu (1-2) sungah om in, Christ hong pai kik
nading thu a lim genkikna, a lian (3) na ah om hi.

John Masa

John in hih laikhak banah laikhak dang nih, lungdamna John leh Mangmuhna
bute zong gelh hi. Zebedee tapa hi-in (Mk.1:10-20), Jesuh tawh nu unau ahi hi (John 19:25).
Nungzuite lakah a si nunung pen hi-a, hih laikhak AD 85-90 kum pawl in a kigelh ahi hi.
Zuau thuhilhna in a lawh mang khak dinga lauhuai dinmun a om Gentail thu-um mite
tunga kikhak ahi hi (2:19). Zuau thuhilhte in kha bek a hoih hi-a, a kimu thei, a kilawngthei
na peuh mah a hoih lo ahi hi, ci uh hi. Jesuh zong a kimu thei, a kilawng thei mihing in
hong om ahih manin a hoih lo hi ci uh hi.

Tua ahih manin, Jesuh Pasian ahihna nial uh hi. Thu-um mite in upna maan len-
kip in, lungdam tak a Topa tawh a kilawmtaat ding uh John in deihsak hi. Hih laikhak leh
John lungdamna thu bu kibang mahmah hi. John in ama theih thupiang taktakte leh
ama tunga kipia kilaaknate tungtawnin thu-ummite zol in hanthawn hi. Pasian hihnate
tawh kisai hilhcianna nei-a, tua Pasian hihnate tawh thu-ummite a kilawmtaat ding uh
hanthawn hi. Khuavaak ahi Pasian tawh kilawmtaat zia ding (1:1-2:28), a thumaan Pasian
tawh kilawmtaat zia ding (2:29-4:6) leh itna Pasian tawh kilawmtaat zia dingte (4:7-5-21)
kicingtakin hilh hi.

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John Nihna

John Masa kigelh khit sauvei lo, AD 85-95 kum kiim pawl a kigelh ahi hi. A nuntak-
na a bei kuan lam in John in Ephet khua ah pawlpi sia sem hi cih ama genna panin kimu
thei hi (Aneu-1). Hih laikhak pen tua pawlpi mi nupi khat tunga a khak ahi hi. Tua nupi nu-
in Pasian nasem vakkawn siate zindo in huh thei tawntung ahih manin tua nu thusiamna
John in pahtawi hi. Zuau thuhilhte in tua nupinu citna leh zindo hatnate tungah a meet
dawh sawm uh ahih manin John in zuau thuhilhte zindo a, amaute hoihlohna ah a kipawl
khak loh nadingin nupinu thuhilhna nei hi (Aneu-10, 11). A neu 1-6 sung pen pahtawina leh
thapiakna hi-a, (Aneu-7-13) sung pen kidop ding thuhilhna leh vaikhakna ahi hi.

John Thumna

Gaius kicipa tunga John’ laikhak ahi hi. Gaius pen Pasian nasemte zindo a hat
Pawlpi mi khat ahi hi. Hih pawlpi tungah John in a beisa hun in laikhak ngei hi (Aneu-9).
Diotrephes kicipa hih pawlpi ah makai hi-a, sawltakte thu mang nuam lo-in ama thu
in pawlpi kalsuanpih sawm hi. Thuhilh a zin siate sang nuam lo-in zin a do kha pawlpi
mite zong pawlpi panin hawlkhiat dingin tawng ngei hi (Aneu-10). Hih buaina tawh kisai
thu a siangsak dingin John mahmah tua pawlpi ah pai sawm hi. Hih laikhak tomno pen
AD85-95 kum kikaal in a gelh ahi hi. Hih laibu in Pasian nasepna ah cingh tak a kihel na-
ding bulphuh in nei hi. Thumaan thutak sungah kalsuan dinga thupitna zong gen a, tua
kalsuanna pen citna leh itna tawh kilakkhia hi ci-in hilh hi. Hih laibu tomno sungah Gaius
hanthothna (Aneu-1-8), Diotrephes mawhsakna (Aneu-9-10) leh Demetrius pahtawinate
(Aneu-11) kihel hi.

Jude

Hih laigelhpa Jude pen James sanggampa hi-a, amau pen Jesuh naute ahi uh
hi. AD 60-65 kum kikaal sungin kigelh ahi hi. Zuau thuhilhte pawlpi sungah hong lut in
hehpihna pen mawhna bawl khuan ngahna dan khat in hong gen uh hi. Christ Topa
ahihna zong nial uh hi. Jude in hih mite leh a thuhilhte uh a siat huaizia leh a man-
neih-lohzia pholaak khia in (Aneu-3,4) sungah, a tuah peelmawh ding uh gimnate zong
gen hi (Aneu-5,16). LST Lui sunga gentehna pawlkhat zong hel hi.

A tawntunga kimangsuak ding khatvei bek a kipiakna in upna laigil, thu-ummite
in i huut nading limtakin hong vaikhak hi (Aneu-3). Tua thuman thutak a kikhel thei hilo
hi ci-in gen hi. Jude leh Peter Nihna sunga thu omte kibang simsim hi. Tua pen a gen uh
thute a kibat hang ahi hi. Thu-ummite in upna i huut nading hong sawl a (Aneu-3), zuau
thuhilhte leh a thuak ding uh gimnate pholaak in (Aneu-5-16), thu-ummite a hoih lo nate
tawh kikhen khia in khantohna lam i manawhna ding hong hanthawn hi (Aneu-17-23).
Lungdamkohna (Aneu-24, 25) tawh a laikhak khup hi.

138 | THUCIAM THAK THU KONG HONG

Mangmuhna

AD Kum zalom 1 na a bei kuan in Rome uliante in kumpipa biak dingin a gam mite
thatang sawl uh hi. Tua sawlna a nialte daan kipia a, Christiante in thuak pah uh hi. Anti-
pas leh midang pawlkhat in thahna thuak uh hi (2:13;6:9). Domitian kumpi maan sungin
AD81-96, Sawltakte lakah a nungta lai John in Patmos tuikulh ah thong kikhia hi. Hih hun
sungin Christ in John tungah tulaitak hun (1-3) leh hong tung ding hun (4-22) a thupiang
dingte lahkhiatna nei hi. Thongkiatna pan hong ciah ciangin hih Mangmuhna bu AD 90-
96 sungin gelh a Asia Minor a om pawlpi sagihte tungah khak hi. Hih laibu pen laikhak
hi-a, laigelhpa in John ahihna 4 vei kigen hi (1:1,4,9; 22:8). A laikhakna pawlpite’ sunga om
buainate vensak nading leh thu-um-mite thapiak nading ngimna tawh a kigelh ahi hi.
Lim tuamtuam zang a thugenna tam ahih manin LST sungah a khiat hak pen laibu khat
ahi hi.

A masa in, minthanna tawh kidim Christ hong lak hi (Alian 1). Pawlpi sagihte om-
zia (2-3) sungah gen hi. Vantunga Pasian a kibiakzia (4-5) sungah hong musak hi. Mun
khat khatte longal (6-19) sunga tamzaw pen hong tung ding gimna lianpi hun sung tawh
kisai hi. Hih sungah a banban in ciaptehna sagih kihong in, peengkul sagihte kimut a,
Pasian hehna hai sagihte kibua hi. Gimna lianpi hun khit ciangin a piang ding thute (20-
22) sungah kigen hi. Kidona lianpi, kum 1000 maanna leh tawpna thukhennate kigen hi.
Kidona lianpi, kum 1000 maanna leh tawpna thukhennate kigen hi. Mangmuhna bu pen
LST buppi a khupna laibu ahi hi.

·····0·····

10 THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Mangkam “Canon” in Greek noun “Kanōn” pan hi-a, Semitic paukawm kammal
ahi hi. Hebrew kamin “Qāneh” kici-in, Akkadian kamin “Qaň” ahi hi. Greek noun “Kanōn” a
khiatna bulpi-in “Pumpeng” (Reed) cihna ahi hi. Tanglai-in hih pumpengte pen “Tehna,
ciaptehna, tehkaakna” in kizang hi. “Kanon” ahi bang lian in a khiatna a khia hileng, “Teh-
na in a kizang ciangtawn khat, singinnlamte leh taihinnlamte in a zat tehna piciang khat,
a kitanga tehna dingin a kizang ciaptehna leh a kizalhkim nadingin ciaptehna” a cihna
ahi hi. Greek Thuciam Thak sungah “Kanōn”cih kammal mun 6 ah kimu hi (2 Cor.10:13, 15-
16; Gal. 6:16; Phlp. 3:16). 2 Corinthians 10:13, 15-16 sungah Paul in gamtatna kimakaihna leh
Pasian nasepna a huam khakna ah “Kanon” a kizatna na gen hi. Galatians 6:16 sungah
Paul in “Kanon” a cih ciangin, “Thukhun, upna siksan” Christiante’ kimakaihna dinga cih-
nopna in na zang hi.

Neil R. Lightfoot in “A kitangin tehna/piciang” cihnopna hiziau mah leh, a khiatna
taktak tampi in kikhia thei hi, na hi ci hi:

1. “A kigelh thukham/ thukhun” khialhna panin thuman theihciatna, nuntakna ki-

makaihna ah thukhun cihna hi-a, Jesuh thuhilhna/ LST kammal hong hilhte pen
“Canon” kici hi.

2. Siamna a nei khat in tehkaakna in a zat tehna pen “Canon” kici hi.
3. Laigualhzia tehna thukhun, pilna thuthuk sinna ah zuih ding thukhun leh thukham,

pawlpi tawh kisai-in upna tuktehna leh pawlpi’ zeh thukhunte in “Canon” kici hi.

4. A kitam zat penpen in “Khum/ Minkhum (List),” a muanhuai laibu hi ci-in a kiteh

khinsa laibute ciamtehna pen “Canon” mah kici hi.

5. Nasemte a thaman kiciaptehna in zong “Canon” kici thei hi.

140 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Pawlpi makai laigelhte in “Canon” kammal in “Thukhun, upna sittelna” in tamveipi
zang uh hi. ADkum zalom masa 3 sungin Noun “Canōn” pen LST tawh kituak upna bulpite
sittel nadingin Christiante in na zang uh hi, ci uh hi. A tawpna ah AD300 kum panin pawlpi
khawmpi-in Christiante nuntakna kimakaihna ah “Zuih ding thukhun ahk thukham” ci-in
zang uh hi. AD kum zalom 4 ciangin, “Kanon” in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak sungah “A
kiguang a kip laite” a cihnopna in kizang hi. A kilawhna dang khat ah, Pasian’ humuap
LST in a kingaihsun laibute thupisak in tuamkoih cihna zong ahi hi. Tuhun in Christiante in
laibu tampi lak panin a kitengkhia a kituam koih a siangtho laite pen Pasian’ humuap a
thunei LST ci uh hi. “Canon” a cih nopna in ei kamin a telnop dingin gen leng “Tehna, sit-
telna, a si leh a tak kihaihna, a hoih leh a hoih lo, thuman leh thuzuau a tuam ciat in koih
cihna ahi hi. Lam khat leuleu ah “Canon” cihpen “Haihkhiatna” zong kici thei hi. “Haihkhi-
atna” i cih ciangin an seep bang hileng a tak leh a vainelte haihkhiatna leh khenkhiatna
ahi hi. Kawlpau kawmvat leng “A sit leh a tuh” kikhen khiatna cihna ahi hi.

LST haihkhiatna i cih ciangin LST bu sungah hel dingin bang laibu teng kilawm
a, bang laibu teng kilawm lo hiam cihte sittelna ahi hi. Banghang hiam cihleh LST kikai-
hkhop hunin LST zah phial a, san theih ding laibu hoih leh laibu thupi tampi om hi. Ahi
zongin a deihna khempeuh kibang khin lo hi. Tua ahih manin LST Canon haihkhiat ding
leh sittel ding kitangsam mahmah hi. Pentecost khit ciangin pawlpi masate hun lai-in
up khialhna tuamtuam hong lang hehu zelzel ahih manin Christiante in upna paikhialte’
hilhna dawnkikna dingin upna gil a tomkim in lakkhia a, tua pen Mikang kamin “Creed”
kici hi. Hih hun lai-in, Canon LST haihna pen upna laigil tom lakna “Creed” genna in ki-
zang hi. AD kum zalom 4 na ciangciang hih Canon kammal pen LST genna in hong kizang
hi. LST sittelna leh a maan leh a maan lo haihkhiatna dingin “Canon” cih kammal kizang
hi. “Canon” in deihna nih nei hi. A khatna pen LST bu ding sittelna sunga, a saantak leh a
kipsak laibu teng lahna hi-a, tua a kisang laibute pen LST sungah hel dingin kikipsak hi.
A nihna in hih a kikipsak laibute pen Christiante nuntakpih ding thukhun leh upna laigil
laibute ahi hi. Hih sunga kihel zolote pen kikhemkhia hi. LST Canon kihaihna in Pasian hu-
muap ahihna kilangsak hi. Eite khut sunga om LST buppi pen tha khat thu in hong piang
hi lo hi. Hih bangin laibu manpha Pasian kammal LST i ngah nadingin hun sawtpi la hi.
Mihingte deih laibu leh eima hoihsak peuh LST bu sungah a kihel ziau hi lo-in, limtakin
haihkhiatna leh sittelna kibawl masa hi. LST dingin san huai maw? san huai lo cih sittelna
pen “Laisiangtho Canon” kici hi.

LST sungah kihel ding leh kihel lo ding laibute “Kihaihna Canon” in a thupipen
khentatna ah Pasian kammal ahihna leh Pasian humuap ahihna kilang ding cihna ahi
hi. Hih laibute pen Pasian kiang pan hong pai ahihna leh a gelhte in Pasian lamlahna
(Divine Revelation) tawh a kilakbute ahihna a sung thute in lak hamtang ding cihna ahi
hi. Paul in Timothy tungah LST khempeuh Pasian humuapna tawh kigelh hi a cih ciangin
Khasiangtho hilhna leh makaihna tawh kigelh in, mihingte ngaihsutna leh mihingte
hoihsak bek tawh LST kigelhna hi lo hi cih hong lak hi (2 Tim.3:16). Thuciam Lui leh Thuci-
am Thak sunga kihel ding laibute Canon haihkhiatna AD397 kumin man siang ta hi. Hih
kumin LST bu a cing in kingah ta in, Thuciam Lui laibu sungah bu 39 kikhum in, Thuciam

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 141

Thak sungah bu 27 khumin kikipsak hi. LST Canon kihaihna a si leh a tak, laibu hoih leh
laibu hoih lo sittelna khakna (Closed) zong kizo ta hi. LST sungah guan thuah ding leh
hepkhiat ding om nawnlo hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak bu 66 te banah a dang lai-
bu thak i lamet ding leh behlap ding kul nawnlo hi. Thuciam Lui laibu ahi zong, Thuciam
Thak laibu ahi zong, a thak thak laibu a kimuh hangin LST Canon kihaihna ah kihel thei
nawnlo-in, kibehlap thei nawnlo hi. LST tawh a kibang phialphial laibu dang tampi a om
hangin Pasian humuapna tawh kigelh lo ahih manin LST Canon kihaihna sungah kihel zo
lo-in kikhemkhia hi.

Pasian humuap laibute (Divine Inspired books) bek Canon kihaihna sungah ki-
guang hi. Mi khat khalam nuntakna sungah leitungah laibu hoih leh laibu minthang a
tuamtuam a om hangin LST tawh a kiza kim, up theih ding leh zuih ding laibu dang khat
beek om lo hi. LST pen leitunga mihingte gelh laibute tawh kilamdang hi. LST bu sim loh,
Pasian thu, Pasian itna leh hotkhiatna i theih nading laibu dang om lo hi. LST pen khialh-
na a nei lo laibu hi-a, Pasian’ humuap ama kammal mah ahi hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam
Thak tawh kisai a kigen ciangin, kammal dang zong kizang thei hi. Tuate in “Laisiangtho”
(Scripture) (John 2:22; Acts 8:32; 2 Tim 3:16; Mark 12:24; 1 Cor.15:3–4) ahk a dang minte in
Mangkam mah in “Laisiangtho” (Holy scriptures) kizanga, tua ban ah “Laigelhte” (The
writings), “A siangtho LST” (The sacred Scripture), “A Siangtho Laibute” (The sacred books)
cih bangin kizang hi. “Laigelh a siangthote” pen Pasian’ humuap laite hi-in “A siangtho
laibu” ahk “Laisiangtho” ci uh hi (Rom 1:2; John 5:47; 2 Tim 3:15–16).

Thuciam Lui Bute

Hebrew kammal, “Torah” in a huam a khiatzia (Sensus latus) leh a toi khiatzia
(Sensus strictus) nam nih om hi. A toi lamin, “Torah” a kigen ciangin Thuciam Lui masa
bu 5 (Pentateuch) te a cihna hi-a, a huamin (Torah) a kigen ciangin Thuciam Lui LST
buppi a cihnopna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin,Thuciam Thak sunga Greek kammal, “Nomos”
in “Thukham”, “Ngeina”, “Thuhilhna”, leh “Upna bulpi” a cihnopna in kizang kawikawi thei
hi. LST cihna adang khat in “Hakkātûb” kici hi. A kigelh lai cihna hi-a, LST bu khat sunga
kigawm khawm laibute a cihna ahi hi. 2 Timothy 3:16 sunga “A kigelh khempeuh” ahk “LST
khempeuh” (Pasa graphē) a cinuam ahi hi. Thuciam Lui LST ahihna St.Paul in (2 Cor 3:14)
sungah na gen hi. “Canon” i cih ciangin thuneihna a nei laibu in a kisangte cihnopna hi.
Hebrewte in LST in a pom uh Tuiciam Lui teng pen Protestantte in zong Pasian’ humuap
LST thuneihna nei laibu in sang uh hi. Roman Catholic pawlpite’ Thuciam Lui leh Protes-
tantte’ Thuciam Lui kikim lo in kilamdang mahmah hi. Tua ahih manin a guicing zaw in
pawlkhat i sut lai ding hi.

Thuciam Lui Bu Bu 22

Hebrew mite in nambat thupisak mahmah uha, tua manin laimal bulpi 22 leh LST
bu 22 a kikim in nei uh hi kici hi. Ahih hangin Hebrew LST in bu 22 pha a ci leh, bu 24 pha
hi, a ci pawl nih om hi. A taktakin a bu phazah, a kikim loh hangin a sunga omte kibang
veve hi. Bu 22 leh bu 24 vai buaihuai lo hi. Jew mipil Sextus Senensis in, AD 1520 kumin a

142 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

genkhiatna ah, “Hebrew laimal bulpi (Alphabets) 22 pha hi. Na khempeuh tel theih din-
gin a kigelhna hi-a, tua mah bangin bu 22 a pha laibu sungah na khempeuh theihna
leh Pasian’ thute a kigenna a kicingin om hi” ci hi. Thuciam Lui khakna (Closed) Ezra in a
bawl lai-in, Pasian’ thu leh thukham bu tawh kisai laibu tampi kaikhawm in, a khut tawh
a gelhte sungah a kiciansinsen in a bantakin a gualhna ah Thuciam Lui bu 22 phasak
hi. AD Kum zalom masa lam pawl in Jewte tangthu gelh minthang mahmah Josephus
in ama hun sungin Hebrew LST bu 22 pha hi, ci hi. Hebrew laibulpi (Alphabets) in 22 pha
ahih manin, a ciapteh ol dingin Thuciam Lui bu 22 a kiciangtan hi, na ci hi. Aaron siampi
namte in Thuciam Lui bu 22 kipsak hi. Hebrew LST a bu phazah tawh kisai-in, a kituak lo
laibu khumzia khat leh khat kibang lo hi bek hi. Ahi zongin bu 22 bute bekin khangtangthu
khempeuh ah Pasian’ humuap LST dingin Hebrewte in kipsak uh hi.

Jerome in siampi Aaron suan/ Levi suante’ LST bu 22 bek a phak lam telcian mah-
mah hi. Samuel leh kumpite a hilhcianna thu masa a gelhna ah, Hebrewte laimal bulpi
22 pha a, Thuciam Lui bu zong 22 in kikoih hi, ci hi. Thuciam Lui bu 22 pha mah hi cih
kipsakna teci kician om lai hi. Martin Luther in, “Thuciam Lui bu 22 in a om ngeina hi, ci
hi. Christ mawhneite tan dingin leitungah hong pian ma, kum 200 lai-in a pha zah ding
Thuciam Lui om khin hi, ci hi. Jubilees laibu sungah Thuciam Lui bu a phazah in 22 hi ci-
in kigelh hi. “Jubilees 2:23 sungah a hilhcianna khat ah Pasian in piansak ni guk sungin
nam 22 bawlkhia hi. A bawlkhiatte in kivalakna a neih om a, Adam khang panin Jacob
khang ciang khang 22, Hebrew laimal bul 22 pha, LST Thuciam Lui zong bu 22 pha hi ci-in
kigelh hi.” AD 150 kum ma thamin Jewte in Thuciam Lui Bu 22 te kipsakna na nei khin uh
hi.” Pasian in Thuciam Lui mihingte tungah kilaakna tawh a kicingin a piaknop ciangin,
Pasian’ LST thuneihna a nei bu 22 na pia-in kipsak hi. Hebrewte’ laimal bulpi 22 a phak
mah bangin a kigen khempeuh leh a kigelh khempeuh telnop tuam mahmah hi. Tua
ahih manin bu 22 a pha Thuciam Lui sunga kihel khempeuh Pasian in a theihsak nop thu
a genna ahi hi, ci-in William H. Green in gen hi.

“Thuciam Lui bu phazah in lunghimawh nading om kilkel lo hi. Siampi Ezra in Thu-
ciam Lui LST bu 22 in koih hi. Tua banah Christian mipil tampite in zong Thuciam Lui LST
bu 22 mah hi ci-in na kipsak uh hi. Jewte ngeina ah amau laimal bulpi (Alphabets) 22 te
in vangnei mahmah hi, ci uh hi. Tua ahih ziakin Late 119 buppi sung bang pen a neu 8 ta
ciangin amau laimal bulpi (Alphabets) zui-in na kigelh ngiat hi. Late 119 bu pen taang 8
ta in kikhen a, khenpi 22 pha hi. Jewte laimal bulpi masa tawh khenpi masa a neu 1-8, tua
ciang amau laimal bulpi 2 na in zom in a neu 8-16 cih danin laimal bulpi zui-in Late 119
gelh uh hi. Taang 8 a pha leh Hebrew laimal bulpi 22 te khangsak leng a neu 176 pha hi.
Late 119 buppi in Pasian’ thukham in paubanna om lo-in a kip a khona leh a kicing ahihna
a huampi in gen hi. Tua ahih manin Pasian thukham in a kip a kho, a kicing ahih lam Jew-
te’ laimal bulpi 22 te zangin Late 119 la phuakpa in pilvai takin na gelh hi. Tua hi-a, hih Late
119 a taang simin Heberw lai-in Pasian’ khukham, a thukhun, a ngeina kip, a thupiakte leh
a thukhenna cihte pulaak den hi. Jesuh leitungah hong pai lai-in zong Thuciam Lui bu 22
mah kikipsak hi, ci-in Jew pawlkhatte in gen hi. AD 170-1200 kum kikaal a Christian laigelh
mipilte in Thuciam Lui LST bu 22 pha hi ci-in kipsakna pulakkhia uh hi. Tua a pulaakkh-

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 143

iate in Melito 170, Origen 210 AD, Hilary of Poitiers 360 AD, Athanasius 365 AD, Council of
Laodicea 343-391 AD, Cyril of Jerusalem 386 AD, Gregory of Nazianzus, Epiphanius 400
AD, Rufinus 410 AD, Jerome 410 AD, Synopsis of Sacred Scripture 500 AD, Isidore of Seville
600 AD, Leontius 610 AD, John of Damascus, Nicephorus kum zalom 9 AD, Jesudad of
Hadad 852 AD, Hrabanus kum zalom 9 AD, Moses of Chorene 1000 AD, Peter of Cluny 1150
AD, John of Salibury 1180 AD, Hugh of St. Victor kum zalom 12 AD, Richard of St. Victor kum
zalom 13 AD, te hi ci-in William H. Green in gen hi.

Kamsangte Thukham Bu Hebrew LST Bu 22 Te Kikhum Dan
Kamsang Masate
Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlak- Bu5
vaakna

Joshua-Thukhente, 1 & 2 Samuel - 1 & 2 Kumpite Bu 2

Kamsang Nunungte & Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel leh Kamsang neu 12 te Bu 4
Kamsang Neu 12 te

Laigelhte Late, Paunak, Job, Solomon La, Ruth, Kahla, Bu 11
Thuhilhna, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, 1 & 2
Khangtangthu

Hebrew LST Bu Vekpi Bu 22

Thuciam Lui Bu 24

Ahi zongin Thuciam Lui khakna Jamnia khua ah council sam uha, tua lai ah He-
brew LST Thuciam Lui bu 24 kipsak uh hi. Hih bu 24 te khenpi 3 mah in khen uh hi. Tuate in
Thukham (Torah ahk Greek kamin Pentateuch), Kamsangte (Nevim), Laigelhte (Ketuvim
ahk Greek kamin Hagiographa) ahi hi. Hebrewte in amau LST “Taknakh” ci uh hi. Apoc-
crypha laibu 2 (4) Esdras 14:42-47 (c.100 AD) in Thuciam Lui mihon sim dingin bu 94 sung
panin bu 24 kibawl hi ci hi. A dang bu 70 te in pilna neite adingin kikem hi. Banghang
hiam cihleh amaute in khenteltheihna, ciimna leh pilna nei uh hi, ci hi. Ezra 3:2, Nehemiah
12:1 sungah Salatiel (Greek kamin Shealtiel) in tua bu 94 te simin (Dictated) laitheite in
(Scribers) 5 in ni 40 sungin a kangtum lote Pasian’ thukham bute tei in zo siang uh hi, ci hi.
2 (4) Esdras sungah Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui bu 24 ciangtanin kipsak hi. A tamzaw in Je-
rusalem biakinn pi AD 70 kum a kisiat zawh ciangin, Yohanna ben Zakkai makaihna tawh
(Jamnia Council kici) Jamnia ahk Javneh ah (90 AD) kum in Thuciam Lui bu 24 khakna
(Closed) a bawl un, kipsak uh hi, kici hi. Ahi zongin hih Thuciam Lui bu 24 te in Ethiopian
Jewte’ LST tawh kibang lo hi.

Hebrew LST masa penpen in “Torah Bu” kici a, “Piancilna- Thuhilhkikna” bute ahi
hi. Hih in Moses laibu 5 te zong kici-in, Jewte’ upna leh gambup ki-ukna thukham bulpi
zong ahi hi. Moses laibu 5 te in Samaritante, Christiante leh Jew khempeuh in LST khat
in a kisang ahi hi. “Kamsangte” ahk “Kamsangte laigelhte” zong thukham bu tawh a
kibang thuneihna a nei LST in kisang hi. Tangthubute sungah Joshua -2 Kumpite hi-a,
Ruth kiguang kha lo hi. A kithupisak mahmah laibute in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel leh Ho-

144 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

sea -Malachi kamsang 12 te ahi hi. A omlai Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui in “Laigelhte” kici hi.
Hih “Laigelhte” in Ruth, Esther, Job, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna leh Solomon Late ahi hi. Sa-
maritante leh Sadduceete in hih “Laigelhte” LST in sang zo lo uh hi. Jewte leh Rome a kido
(AD66-70) khit ciangin, “Laigelhte” Jamnia (Jabneh) ah AD (90-100) kumin laithei siate’
makaihna tawh Thuciam Lui a nunung bu 24te pen kipsak uh hi.

Hebrew LST Bu 24 Te Kikhum Dan

Thukham Bu Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaak- Bu 5
na
Kamsangte
Kamsang Masate Joshua,Thukhente, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite

Kamsang nunung te Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel leh Kamsang neu (12) Bu 8
leh Kamsang neu 12 te

Laigelhte Late, Paunak, Job

Megilloh Solomon La, Ruth, Kahla, Thuhilhna, Esther Bu 11

Tangthu Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, 1 leh 2 Khangtangthu

Bebrew LST Bu Vekpi Bu 24

THUCIAM LUI KHENPI THUMTE

Aprocrypha Thuhilhna (Ecclesiasticus)

Hih thuhilhna bu’ pen khat veivei “Joshua Ben’ (Sirach’ ta) Pilna bu” (Wisdom of
Joshua ben {son of} Sirach) zong kici zelzel hi. BC Kum zalom 2 na sungin BC132 kumin
Greek tawh kiletkhia hi. Hih bu sungah Hebrew LST tamveipi pulaak hi. Hebrew LST in
khenpi 3 in kikhen a, thukham, kamsangte leh a dang laigelhte ahi hi, ci hi. A masa in
Thukham bu, a nihna in kamsangte leh a thumna in laigelhte a nunung pen ah kikoih
hi ci hi. Hih Thuhilhna bu sungah a thupatna ah Thuciam Lui a bu phazah a gen lian loh
hangin Hebrew LST bu 24 dan mahin khenpi 3 a om lam gen ahih manin Thuciam Lui a
muanhuaina kipsak hi. Hih Thuhilhna bu laigelhzia in Greek Septuagint (LXX) tawh kiva-
laak mahmah hi kici hi.

Thuciam Lui Tawh Kisai Jesuh Genna

Jesuh in Thuciam Lui pen khenpi 3 a phakna Thuciam Thak hunin na kipsak hi.
Thuciam Lui bu phazah a gen loh hangin Thuciam Lui Pasian’ humuapna tawh kigelh
ahihna siksanin thugen hi. Luke 24: 44 ah… “Moses Thukham laibu” sung, “Kamsangte
laibu” sung, leh “Late” sungah a kigelh thu khempeuh a tangtung ding ahi hi,” na ci hi. Je-
suh in Thuciam Lui kipsak hi. Jesuh vantung a kah khit mateng, Thuciam Thak kigelh lo hi.
Jesuh in LST in ci hi, a cihte pen Thuciam Lui bute hi-a, Thuciam Lui a kipsak banah Thu-
ciam Thak bute zong hong piankhiat nading kamciam na pia hi. Thuciam Lui thuneihna
zong kipsak hi. Jesuh leh a nungzuite in, “LST sungah kigelh hi” cih Thuciam Thak sungah
mun 90 val bang na pulaak uh hi. A khiatna in a beisa hunin Thuciam Lui LST kigelh khin a,
a kigelh Pasian kammalte tuni dong ding kip lai hi, a ci nuam ahi hi. Jesuh in, “LST sungah

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 145

kigelh hi” cih kammal na pulaak zelzel hi. Satan in zong Jesuh a ze-et lai khawngin zong
Thuciam Lui siksan in na zang hi. Thuciam Lui bu siksan in agennate a nuai ah kimu thei
hi. Jesuh in Thuciam Lui Pasian’ humuap ahihna pulaak hi. Jesuh in “Humuam” cih kam-
mal lian a zat loh hangin “Humuam” cih kammal tawh a kinai kammal na zang hi (Matt.
22:43, 2Sam.23:2).

Jesuh in Thuciam Lui bute Pasian’ kammal ahih lam zong kipsak hi. LST a gen
ciangin “Pasian’ kammal” ci hi. Pasian’ kammal cih sungah Pasian’ thupiakte zong om hi
(Matt. 15:3,6). Hih Pasian’ kammal in kisia thei lo hi (Matt.5:17-18). A mun dangah nungzuite
in “Pasian’ kampau” ci uh hi (Rom.3:2, Heb.5:12). Jesuh in Thuciam Lui LST kisia thei lo ci hi.
Thuciam Thak sungah LST khial thei lo cih kammal genna lian a om loh hangin a kinai
kammal, “Kisia thei lo” cih kammal kizang hi (Jhn.10:35). A neu 34 sungah Mang kamin
mal (3) a pha “LAW” (Thukham) Thuciam Lui a cihnopna in na gen hi. “Pasian’ kammal” i
cih leh “Kisia thei lo” cih Jesuh in a zatna a deihna in Thuciam Lui Pasian’ thukham LST in
“Kisia thei lo”- “Khial thei lo” a ci nuam ahi hi.

Thukham Bu Matt. 4:4, Luke 4:4, Thuhkna 8:3, Matt. 4:7, Luke 4:12, Thhkna 6:16, Matt.
Kamsang Bu 4:10, Luke 4:8, Thhkikna 6:13, Matt. 5:27/ Pai. 20:14, Thhkna 5:18, Matt. 15:4,
Laigelh Bu Mark 7:10/ Pai. 20:12, 21:27, Siampi. 20:9, Thhkna 5:16, Matt. 18:16/ Thhkna
19:15, Matt. 19:4/ Pian. 1:27, Matt. 19:5/Pian. 2:24, Matt. 22:32, Mark 12:6, Luke
20:37/ Pai. 3:6, Matt. 22:37, Matt. 22:37, Mark 12:29-32, Luke 10:27/ Thhkna
6:4-5, Luke 18:20/ Pai. 20:12-16/ Thhkna 5:16-20

Matt. 10:35-36/ Mic. 7:6, Matt. 11:10/ Mal. 3:1, Matt. 12:7/ Hos. 6:6, Matt: 13:14-
15, Mark 4:12, Luke 8:10/ Isai. 6:9-10, Matt. 15:8-9, Mark 7:6-7/ Isai. 29:13,
Matt. 21:13, Mark. 11:17/ Isai. 56:7, Jer. 7:11, Matt. 24:29, Mark 13:24-26/Joel
2:10,31, Mark 9:49/ Isai. 66:24, Mark 14:27/ Zec. 13:7, Luke 4:18-19/Isai. 61:1-2,
Luke 22:37/Isai. 53:12, Luke 23:30/Hos. 10:8

Matt. 4:6, Luke 4:10-11/ Late 91:11-12, Matt. 21:16/ Late: 8:2, Matt. 22:44, Mark
12:36, Luke 20:42:43/Late 110:1, Matt. 23:39/Late 188:26, Matt. 24:15/ Dan.
9:27, Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34/Late 22:1

Jesuh in Thuciam Lui tungah thuneihna a lianpen ahihna pulaakna nei hi. Mi-
hingte ngeina sangin Thuciam Lui in a vangliat zawknna a thuneih zawkna thu Jesuh
in gen hi (Matt.15:3,6). Jesuh in Thuciam Lui ii thuneihna a lianpen laibu ahihna gen hi.
Mihingte ngeina thupipen in a ngaihsut uh leh a kithuhilh khempeuhte uh sangin zong
Thuciam Lui thuneihna lianzaw ahihna Jesuh in gen hi. Thuciam Lui a khial thei lo ahihna
zong na pulaak hi. A khial thei lo cih ciangin “Khialhna om lo” cihna ahi hi. Sadduccesste
in Thuciam Lui bu Pasian humuapna leh thuneihna a nialna thu Jesuh in a dawnna ah
kimu thei hi (Matt.22:29 KJV). Pasian kammal in nial theih loh dingin thumaan hi (Jhn
.17:17). Jesuh in Thuciam Lui tangthute zong a piang taktak ahihna na kipsak hi.

Leitungah a piang masa penpen Adam leh Eve tangthu (Matt.19:4-5), mawhna
hangin Noah hun a tuiciin tunna tangthu, leitung mite’ nek leh dawn uangtatna thu, ki-
teen kipina leh Noah Tembaw sungah a lutna tangthu (Matt. 24:37-38), a lamdang Jo-
nah tangthu (Matt. 12:40), Abel tangthu (1Jhn. 3:12), Abraham , Isaac leh Jacob tangthu

146 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

(Matt.8:11), Elijah na lamdang bawlna tangthu (James 5:17), Thuciam Lui sunga, a piang
taktak mah ahi Moses, Isaiah, David leh kamsang Daniel tangthute (Matt. 24:14) na pu-
laak hi. Hih a gen thute in Thuciam Lui sunga thupiang khempeuh phuahtawm tangthu
leh thu zuau ahih loh lam thumaan ahih zawkna a hong lahna ahi hi. Jesuh mahmah
mi bangin hong pianna, nuntakna, sihna leh thawhkikna tangthu te zong a piang taktak
ahih lam gen hi. Tua banah Thuciam Lui a kiciatna zong gen hi. Thuciam Lui Moses’ laibu
a kicite zong nial theih loh dingin a maanna leh a muanhuaina gen hi. Kiteenate zong a
taktak tangthu ahihna gen hi (Matt. 19:405). Jesuh in Thuciam Thak na kipsak hi. Thuciam
Lui thuneihna leh khial lo ahihna kipsak bek hi lo-in, Thuciam Thak bute zong a kamciam
tawh kipsakna na nei hi. Nungzuite leh Thuciam Thak kamsangte gen thute leh a laigel-
hte uh Jesuh in a kamciam piakte ahi hi. Jesuh in Khasiangtho in thumaan khempeuh
hong hilh ding hi. Huhpa, Khasiangtho kong sawl dinga, thumaan thutak khempeuh hong
hilh ding hi, na ci hi (Jhn. 14:26,16:13). Hih Jesuh kamciamte leh a hilh thute khempeuh a
tangtunna thute a nung ciangin Thuciam Thak bu in hong kigelh ahi hi.

Jesuh in nungzuite laigelhte in thuneihna nei ding hi cih bek hi lo-in, nungzuite
in amau laigelhte thuneihna leh humuapna a neih lam a pulaak ahi hi. Tua ahih manin
John in hih thute a kigelh ahi hi, ci hi (Jhn. 20:31). John in a gen beh laina ah, “Leitung
pian’cil lai pek a kipanin a omsa ahi nuntakna a pia thei Thu tawh kisai, note kiangah
ka hong gelh uh hi. Kote mahmah in ama thugen ka za uha, ka mit mahmah uh tawh
amah mu-in, limtakin ka ettel uh hi-a, ka khut mahmah uh tawh ka lawn’ uh ahi hi” ci hi
(1 Jhn .1:1). Kha khempeuh up loh ding thu zong gen hi (1 Jhn.4:1,5-6). Matthew 23:35 “Tua
thu hangin, mawh nei lo “Abel a kithah hun” a kipanin biakinn leh biakna tau kikaal a
na thah uh, “Barakhiah’ tapa Zekhariah hun” ciang dongin, mawhna nei lo a kithat mite
khempeuh hangin gimna note in na thuak ding uh hi cih thu kigelh hi. Hih Matthew bu
sungah Jesuh in Thuciam Lui kipsakna a genna ah Thuciam Lui patna bu Piancilna bu
sunga misiangtho thahna a thuak “Abel thu” leh Thuciam Lui bu tawpna Malachi bu sun-
ga misiangtho thahna a thuak “Zechariah thu” a genna in Thuciam Lui bu (39) te Jesuh
in a muanhuaina leh a kipsakna ahi hi, cih cian takin kimu hi.

Thukham Bute Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu,
Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna

Laigelhte Kamsang Bute Kamsang Masate Joshua, Thukhen, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpi

Kamsang Nunungte Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, (Kamsang 12) te
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Johnah, Micah, Nahum, Haba-
kuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Lakamte Late, Paunak, Job
Laizial (Megilloth) Solomon La, Ruth, Kahla, Thuhilhkikna, Esther
Tangthu Bu Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 147

Philo of Alexandria (BC 20-AD 50)

Philo in Alexandria khua a teeng Jew mipil khat hi-a, Hebrew LST a kiplet khat
zong ahi hi. Thukham a kici (Moses Laibu 5te) ahk a masa LST bu 5te Pasian’ humuap in
a san banah, a bu dangte kamsangte leh Late (Laigelhte) zong thuneihna a nei Hebrew
LST hi, ci-in na pulaak hi. “Apocrypha” bute in thuneihna a nei LST tawh kisai gen khakna
na nei lo hi, ci hi. Septuagint (LXX) in Hebrew kam panin Greek kam tawh Thuciam Lui
a kitei sawn hi-a, Septuagint (LXX) sungah Apocrypha bute a kikoih hangin Alexandria
Jewte in Apocrypha bute LST tawh kizakim in ngaihsun taktak lo uh hi. Philo in a laigelhna
khempeuh ah Apocrypha bute siksan genkik sawnna nei peuh mah lo hi.

2 Esdras Bu

Apocrypha bu khat a kithei 2 Esdras bu (Khatveivei 4 Esdras kici) BC Kum zalom
masa sunga kigelh laibu sungah LST tawh kisai tangthu kigen hi. Nebucchadnezzar in
Jerusalem a suksiat in LST kihaltum khin hi. Tua ciangin Ezra in tei kik hi ci-in 2 Esdras
14:21 sungah gen hi. Ni 40 sungin manlangtakin a kitei khit nadingin Ezra in laithei mipil 5
tungah hoihtakin laigelhzia makaih hi, ci hi. Leitungah na khempeuh a kipatkhiatna thute
thukham bu sungah tei dingin sawl hi. Tua bang hi leh, ni tawp ni dong a nungta nuam
mite in pai nading lampi mu ding uh hi (2 Esdras 14:22) ci hi. Hih ni 40 sungin Ezra in laibu
94 gelhkhia hi. Pasian in Ezra tungah, “Mipi adingin bu 24 gelh masa in la, thu hoih leh
thu hoih lote simsak in, ahi zongin bu 70te in na mite lak a om mipilte adingin a nunun-
gah gelh in. Hih hangin amaute sungah theihtelna, ciimna bulpi leh pilna guntui hong
luangkhia ding hi. Ka gen bangin sem in”, ci-in sawl hi. Hih in Thuciam Lui bu 24 pha hi cih
kipsakna teci ahi hi.

Ezra’ Hepkhiat Laibute

Ezra in LST in a pomzawh loh laibute pen “A Mang Laibute” (Lost Books) kici hi. Tu-
ate in Topa galkidonate Laibu (Gam. 21:14), Jasher Laibu (Joshua 10:13; II Samuel 1:18), Solo-
mon sawltakte Laibu (I Kumpi. 11:41), Nathan kamsang Laibu (I Khang. 29:29), Gad Thumu-
pa Laibu (I Khang. 29:29), Ahijah the Shi loite Hilhkholhna (II Khang. 9:29), Iddo Thumupa
Mangmuhna (II Khang. 9:29), Shemaiah Kamsangpa Laibu (II Khang. 12:15), Jehu, Hanani
tapa’ Laibu (II Khang. 20:34), Hosai Thugenna Laibu (II Khang. 33:19) te ahi hi.

Flavius Josephus (AD 37-100)

Josephus in AD Kum zalom 1 sungin Jewte’ tangthu gelh minthang mahmah khat
hi-a, Hebrewte in LST in a kipsak laibute leh a kipsak loh laibute tawh kisai genna na nei
hi. Septuagint (LXX) LST sunga thute Josephus in a gen khak zenzen hangin, Apocrypha
bute pen Hebrewte in amau LST dingin sang peuhmah lo uh hi ci hi. Josephus pen Chris-
tian suak lo khat ahih manin Jewte ngeina a thupisak mahmah khat leh Rome gammi
suahna a nei, Jew mi khat ahi hi. Galkap minthang mahmah khat leh laigelh a siam in
a minthang mahmah khat zong ahi hi. Josephus in Roman galkap mang hong suah
ciangin, Romete lamah hong gamtang zaw hi. Tua bang ahih zenzen hangin Hebrew LST

148 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

na langpan het lo hi. “Against Contra Apions” laibu a gelhna sungah Hebrewte LST tawh
kisai gelh hi. Hih Against Contra Apions lai sungah a man lo a Jewte upna tawh a kitu-
aklote na hilhcian hi. Moses panin Artaxerxes I uk hun 465-424 BC khit a kigelh Jews te in
Apocrypha bute Pasian’ kammal in a san lohna thu na gen hi. A sunga om thute in upna
tawh kituak lo leh tangthu man lo om ahih lam gen hi. Artaxerxes 424 BC sih khit nungah
lai kigelhte Hebrew LST in kipom nawnlo hi ci hi. Hih khit ah kamsang om nawnlo-in He-
brew LST kibehlap nawnlo, paihkhiat ding lah om nawnlo ci hi. Josephus in Hebrew LST a
huutna in a gelh bel hi tuan lo hi. Ahi zongin Jewte LST omzia a na gen ahi hi. Thuciam Lui
pen khenpi 3 in kikhen a, thukham bute, kamsang bute leh laigelh bute ahi hi. Tua banah
Jewte laimal bulpi (Alphabets) zui-in Thuciam Lui bu 22 pha hi, na ci hi.

Council Of Jamnia (AD 70-90)

AD 70 kumin Jerusalem biakinnpi hong kisuksiat tak ciangin biakna tawh kisai lai-
bu kician hong nei nawnlo uh hi. Meihal biakpiakna zong hong nei thei nawnlo uh hi. Ahi
zongin Babylon gam panin a ciahkik ua kamsangte thugente hoihtakin hong sittel phakik
uh hi. Hih hun sungin Thuciam Lui bu sanhak a sak uh Ezekiel, Paunak, Esther, Thuhilhsia
leh Solomon Late ahi hi. AD 90 kum tak ciangin Jew mipilte Thuciam Lui khakna (Closed)
R. Johanan ben Zakkai makaihna tawh Jamnia ah Council hong nei uha, thuneihna a nei
laibu Pasian humuap bu 24 te kipsakna hong nei uh hi. Pasian humuap LST dingin san
hak a sak uh laibute in “Ezekiel, Paunak, Esther, Thuhilhna leh Solomon Late” zong Pasian’
humuap LST thuneihna a nei laibu in kipsak ta uh hi.

Thuciam Lui Canon Etkikna

A Bulpi A Kum Thuciam Lui Tecite

Septuagint (LXX) BC250-100 Thukham bute, Kamsang bute leh Laigelhbute

Sirach Thuhilhna Patna BC 132 Thukham bute, Kamsang bute leh Laigelhte

Jesuh Christ BC4-AD 31 Matt.23:35-Lk.11:50-51, Lk.24:44, Moses’ thukham
bute, kamsang bute leh Late (Laigelhte)

Phi lo of Alexandria BC20-AD50 Thukham bute leh Kamsang bute leh Late
2 Esdras 14:45 (Laigelh bute)

AD1 Thuciam Lui bu 24 (Tuhun a bu 39 tawh kibang)

Josephus AD37-100 Thuciam Lui bu 22 (Tuhun a bu 39 tawh kibang)

Melito, Bishop of Sardis AD170 Thuciam Lui Esther bu losiah kipsak

Jerusalem Ciaptehna AD170 Thuciam Lui bu 39 kipsak

Origen AD185-253 Thuciam Lui bu 22 (Tuhun a bu 39 tawh kibang)

Athanasius, Bishop of AD367 Thuciam Lui bu 22 (Esther bu khum lo, Buruch
Alexandria leh Jeremiah Laikhak khum)

Jerome AD345-420 Thuciam Lui bu 22,24,27 a pha in gen
(Tuhun a bu 39 tawh kibang)

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 149

Tyrannius Rufinus AD345-411 Thuciam Lui bu 24 phasak, (Tuhun a bu 39 tawh
Jewte Ngeina kibang) ahih hangin a kigualhdan kibang lo

AD300-600 Thuciam Lui bu 24 phasak, (Tuhun a bu 39 tawh
kibang) ahih hangin a kigualhdan kibang lo

Sardis Bishop Melito, AD 170

Christian masate lak ah Thuciam Lui bute a ciamteh masa penin Melito, Sardis
bishop (AD 170) ahi hi. Thuciam Lui bute ama ciaptehna hi bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, David Late, Solomon Paunakte leh
Ama Pilna, Thuhilhna, Solomon Late, Job, kamsang Isaiah, Jeremiah leh kamsang bu 12,
Daniel, Ezra

Melito in Thuciam Lui bute a ciaptehna ah Kahla leh Esther Thuciam Lui sungah
na khum kha lo hi. Jeremiah, Nehemiah leh Ezra bute pen bu khat in kingaihsun ahi hi.
Ezra bu pen kamsangte lakah khum kha dingin ki-ummawh hi. Tua ciangin Kahla pen
Jeremiah bu tawh kigawm khawm dingin ki-um hi. Esther bu zong Thuciam Lui sungah
na khum lo hi. Melito in LST a teisawnna pen Syriac pawlpi pan ahih manin Esther bu pen
LST in kipom zo nai lo ahih manin kihemkhia kha hidingin ki-um hi.

Eusebius of Caesarea (AD 260-339)

AD kum zalom 4 na sungin Thuciam Lui bu buppi a bu in a kaikhawm masa
tangthu siam Eusebius ahi hi. Eusebius in AD kum zalom 2 na sunga Sardis a bishop
sem Melito kaihkhopsa Thuciam Luite siksan in a na bawlkhiat ahi hi. Melito in Thuciam
Lui a kaihkhop hun pen AD 170 kum pawl hi-a, Holy Land gamah a zin lai-in laibusaal
minthang Caesarea Maritina panin Hebrew LST phazah leh a bu kigualhdan etteh in a
tei ahi hi. Melito’ teikhiatte Eusebius in siksan in teikik hi. Eusibius in Thuciam Lui bute a
gualhdan a nuai a bang ahi hi.

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Late, Paunak, Pilna bu (Book of
Wisdom), Thuhilhna, Solomon La,Job, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kamsang 12te, Daniel, Ezekiel, Es-
dras bute hi-a, Eusebius in Esther bu na khum lo hi.

Origen (AD 185-254)

Origen (185-254) in pawlpi masate hunin LST pilna nei a minthangpen khat ahi hi.
Thuciam Lui tawh kisai-in, Hebrew lai bulpi (Alphabets) 22 te mah bangin Thuciam Lui bu
22 in Hebrewte thuciin ngeina kip hi, ci-in pulaak hi. Origen in Thuciam Lui bute Eusebius
ii tengkhiat sate bangin kipsakna a laigelhna ah na ciamteh hi. Origen in Thuciam Lui
pau nam (6) tawh na gelh hi. Thuciam Lui muanhuain a cing zaw in Origen gelhna khawk
dangah i kikum ding hi. Thuciam Lui bu phazah leh a bu gualhdan a nuai a bang ahi hi:

150 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, 1 & 2 Esdras, Late, Paunak,Thuhilh-
na, Solomon La, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Jermiah laikhak, Daniel, Ezekiel, Job, Esther bute
ahi hi. Tua banah Maccabbees bute behlap hi. Origen in Thuciam Lui bu sungah Mac-
cabbees bute a ciapteh khak hangin Hebrew LST sungah hih Apocrypha bute kikhum
kha vet lo hi. Hih in Thuciam Lui a muanhuaina kipsak hi.

Athanasius (AD 296-373)

Alexandria bishop sem Athanasius in zuau thuhilhte in thuneihna laibu ci-in a
sehte uh a dawnkikna AD 367 kumin Easter laikhak sungah Canon thu tawh kisai na gen
a, Thuciam Lui bu 22 (Tuhun a Thuciam Lui bu 39) danin ciamteh in na gual hi. Ama
ciaptehna sungah Esther leh Jeremiah bu nihte losiah Thuciam Lui bu kim hi. Kahla, Bu-
ruch leh Jeremiah Laikhakte zong khum hi. Athanasius in a genna ah, Hebrew mite’ LST
Thuciam Lui bu 22 nei hi cih ka za kha ngei hi. Ka zakna bangin a banbanin kong gual
ding hi ci-in gen hi. Tuate in a nuai a bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, 1 & 2 Ezra, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna,
Solomon La, Job, Kamsang te (Kamsang 12te, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Buruch, Kahla, Jere-
miah Laikhak, Ezekiel leh Daniel” bute in Thuciam Lui ahi hi ci-in Athanasius in ciamteh
hi. Thuciam Lui sungah Apocrypha leh thuneihna a nei Pasian humuap LST kiciantakin
tuamkoih hi.

Constantine Kumpipa

Tangthu siam Eusebius in Diocletian a sih zawh kum 20 khit ciangin a hong
khangkhia kumpi Constantine in Rome kumpi hong suak in ama ukna sungah Christian
gam hong suak hi. Tua ciangin Constantine kumpipa in Christiante’ LST tei ding hong
ngaihsun a, a bei khempeuh kumpi in huh ding cih thupiakna nei hi. AD Kum 331 kum
ciangin Consantinople ah LST bu 50 kumpi huhna tawh bawlkhia hi. Tua a kibawlkhiate
lakah bu khat pen Codex Sinaiticus kici-in Brististte in Russiate kiang panin 1933 kumin
Pound sum 100,000 tawh lei uh hi. 2015 kumin USA Dollar sum $ 6.1 Million tawh a man
kikim hi. Hih LST kitei in Septuagint (LXX) siksan in tei ahi hi. Thuciam Lui bu a kim-in om
a, Aprocrypha bute ahi, 1-3 Maccabbees, 1 Esdras, Buruch leh Jeremiah Laikhak bute ki-
guang, kikhum khalo hi.

Jerome (AD 345-420)

Jerome in Latin pawlpi makaite lakah LST lam pilna nei mipil mahmah khat ahi hi.
Daniel hilhcianna bu a thupatna ah hi bangin gen hi: “Jewte LST in khenpi 3 in kikhen hi.
Tuate in thukham bu, kamsang bu leh laigelh bute hi-a, tuate in bu 5, bu 8 leh bu 11 cih
bangin kigualsuk hi. Hih Hebrew LST bu 24te in tuhun a Thuciam Lui bu 39 te mah bang
ahi hi. Jerome in Thuciam Lui bu phazah ciangtan in na pulaak hi. Hebrew LST Thuciam
Lui pen bu 22 pha hi ci-in a pulaak om a, bu 24 pha hi-a ci zong om hi. Pawlkhatte leuleu

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 151

in Thuciam Lui bu 27 hi ci-in a gen zong om ahih hangin (1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite leh
1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Ezra-Nehemiah, Jeremiah-Kahla) bute a khum dan uh a kibat loh
hang bek ahi hi.

Tyranius Rufinus (AD 345-411)

Hih pawlpi makai khat mah ahi Tyranius Fufinus in Thuciam Lui bu hi bang dan in
na gualsuk hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Ezra - Nehemiah, Esther, Kam-
sangte, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Kamsang 12 te, Job, Late, Solomon La, Paunak,
Thuhilhna leh Canticles bute ahi hi.

Rufinus in Jerusalem ah phungzi sang khat ah Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui bu
khempeuh mu hi. Thuciam Lui bu 24 lian in a banban in a kigualh loh hangin Jewte LST
khen dan mah in kikhen hi. Rufinus in Palestine gamah a hun a tamzaw zang ahih manin
Hebrew LST leh Christian masate LST a kibat lam, a man tel mahmah hi.

Synod of Laodicea (AD 363-364)

Hih Synod of Laodicea pen Asia Minor gam sung kikhop khawmpi (Regional Syn-
od) hi-a, AD 363-364 kumin Laodicea, Phrygia Pacatiana khua ah kinei Council ahi hi. Hih
Synod ah Siampi 30 kiim bang kihel hi. Canon 59 na in Thuciam Lui bu dingin a kikhentat
loh laibute pawlpi sungah sim dingin kiphal lo-in kikhaktan hi, ci hi. Canon 60 na in He-
brew LST bu 22 Thuciam Lui bute thuneihna a nei humuap laibu in a kipsak banah Buruch
leh Jeremiah Laikhak bute kibehlap hi. Hih Synod in Buruch leh Jeremiah bute Thuciam
Lui sungah a khum uh hangin san haksa in lunghihmawhna nei uh hi.

Augustine Leh North Africa Councilte

Synod of Hippo (c.393 AD) in Thuciam Lui bu dingin a kipsakte, Council of Car-
thage (c.397 AD) in zong Thuciam Lui bute kipsaksuak hi. Council of Carthage (c.419 AD)
kumin Hebrew LST sunga kikhum lo LST a behlap masa penpen Council ahi hi.

Synod of Hippo (c.393AD)

Hih Synod of Hippo in a san Thuciam Lui bute a nuai a bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thuhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Job, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solo-
mon La, Pilna bu ( Book of Wisdom), Kamsang 12te, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Tobit,
Judith, Esther, Ezra, 1 & 2 Maccabbees bute ahi hi.

Council of Carthage (c.August, 28,397 AD)

Council of Carthage in, Council of Hippo in a kipsak Thuciam Lui bute kipsakna nei
kik hi. A nuai a bang danin Council of Carthage in Thuciam Lui bu ding khentatna nei hi:

152 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Job, Late, Solomon laigelh bu 5
te, Kamsang 12 te, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Tobit, Judith, Esther, 1 & 2 Esdras, 1 & 2
Maccabbees bute ahi hi. Solomon laigelh bu 5 a kicite in Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La,
Solomon Pilna (Wisdom of Solomon), Ecclesiaticus bute ahi hi.

Council of Carthage (c.419 AD)

Council of Carthage (c.419 AD) kumin Thuciam Lui bu dingin a khentat bute in He-
brew LST bu 24 tawh kibang dektak hi. Hih Council in Thuciam Lui bu dingin a khentatna
uh a nuai a bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Job, Tobias, Esther, Late, Solomon
laigelh bu 5 te, Kamsang 12 te, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Ezekiel bute ahi hi.

Hebrew Masoretic Text

“Masoretes” kicite pen AD kum zalom 5 – 10 kikaal a, Jew laisiamte hi-a, Thuci-
am Lui a kembitte ahi hi. Jewte ngeina bangin Pasian kammal a huu ngiatte ahi uh hi.
Thuciam Lui Hebrews LST hoih tak leh kician takin kemcing in sittel phapha uh hi. “Maso-
retes” cihpen Jew laisiam LST teite leh a kembit “Sopherim” kicite khit a, hong khangkhia,
Masoretic Text hong bawlkhiate ahi hi. Tanglai-in Hebrew laibulpi (Consonant) tawh lai
kigelh hi-a, awsuaksak laimal a cil-in nei lo uh hi. Hebrew LST sim peuhpeuh in awsuak-
sak (Vowel) tawtawm in sim uh hi. Jewte ngeina ah Pasian vanglian lua, siangtho lua
ahih manin a min na lengin lo ngam lo uh hi. Tua bang ahih manin, “Masoretes” laisiam-
te in Pasian min, “YHWH” (Telegramaton) kici, a awsuak thei lo kim lai, a kisim thei dingin
awsuaksak (Vowel) hong bawlkhia uh hi. Hih Jew mipilte hunin a sim zia a awsuak dan
lian pen amau nangawn in mangngilh thei uh kici hi.

Tua ahih manin “Palestine gam a Masoretes mipilte leh Babylon gam a Mas-
oretes mipilte” in amau lai awsuak a manthan loh nading leh a mangngilh loh nad-
ing un, awsuak ciaptehna (Vowel Sign), Jew ngeina lai bangin sim theih nading awging
ciaptehna (Cantillation) leh aw niam aw sang ciaptehna (Accent) te hong bawlkhia uh
hi. Jew mipilte lakah Tiberias khuapi panin hong khangkhia “Masoretes mipilte” ban a
zomto “Ben Asher Family” (Ben Asher Innkuan) te in pilna sang pen leh huzapna sang
pen nei mipilte ahi uh hi. Ben Asher Innkuan panin hong khangkhia leuleu laithei mipilte
in Asher the Elder, Moses ben Asher, Nehemiah ben Ahser, Asher ben Nehemiah, Moses
ben Asher leh Aaron ben Moses ben Asherte ahi uh hi. Hebrew kamin “Ben” cihpen “Ta”
cihna ahi hi. Hih mipilte hangin Thuciam Lui (LST) muanhuai teci kician mahmah hi.

Hebrew LST pen “Tanakh” kici,Thuciam Lui bute hong puahpha in bu 24 phasak
in hong bawlkhia masate in “Masoretes” mipilte hi-a, hih a kipuapha LST pen “Masoretic
Text” kici hi. Hih Hebrew LST hong puahphat hun uh pen AD kum zalom 5-10 kikaal hi ci-in
Christian tangthu siamte in ciamteh uh hi. Hih “Masoretes mipilte” in Hebrew LST ngeina

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 153

zui-in khenpi (3) in Thuciam Lui bu khen uh hi. A masa bu “Torah” ahk “Moses’ laibu” kicite
ahi hi. A zomah bu in “Neviim bu” ahk “Kamsang laibute” hi-a, a tawpna bu ah “Ketuvim
bu” ahk “Laigelh bute/ Lakam bute” ahi hi. Hih a huampi in khenpi (3) Thuciam Lui bute
pen Jewte in “Tanakh” ci uh hi. Masoretes mipilte in khutgelhlai (Manuscripts) tuamtua-
mte hoih takin sittel in puahpha toto uh hi. Hih Masoretic Text puahphat bu leh Septua-
gint/LXX Greek Thuciam Lui bu a kikhum zia kibang lo hi. Tua ahih manin Septuagint/LXX
LST pen Palestine gama om Jewte in Hebrew LST in sang zo lo uh hi

Hih Masorertes mipilte’ Text (Laibu) thuneihna a nei laibu in a seh uh bu 24 te pen
“Tanakh” Pasian’ kammal LST ci uh hi. “Tanakh” in Hebrewte upna tuktehna bu hi-a, upna
a kisittel khin a kihaih khin (Hebrew Canon) ahi hi. Up dingin a muanhuai laibu Pasian hu-
muap “Laisiangtho” ahi hi. “Tanakh” bute a khangkhangin kampau tawh a kihilhsawnna
pen “Oral Torah” kici hi. Hih Masoretes mipilte in LST kammal leh laigualh kilamzia thupi-
sak mahmah uh hi. Lai lam a kin leh a ngentel ahih zah khat un, Thuciam Lui (LST) amau
teikhiat limlim muanhuai mahmah hi. Masoretes laithei mipilte in a laigelh nadingun
savun siangtho bek zang uh hi. Sa nin vunte zang lo uh hi. Savun a golna, a neuna zong
kibang sitsetsak uh hi. Laimai khat ah gual 48-60 phasak in gualkhat ah laimal 30 ta gelh
uh hi. Lai a tei ma un kisil siang phot in Jew ngeina puante silh uh hi.

“Pasian” cih kammal a gelh uh ciangin kidawm mahmah uh hi. Lai tei a zawh uh
ciangin amau tei leh a etteh pen uh a kibang hiam ci-in a mal phazah dong sim kik uh
hi. Hih bangin Thuciam Lui teina ah a kiciat man un, muanhuai mahmah hi. Lai teite in a
khialhna a om leh balkek in susia lianlian uh ahih manin Thuciam Lui khutgelhlaite tawm
mahmah pah hi. Thuciam Lui khutgelhlai a tawm zenzen hangin muan lah ding hipah
sawm lo hi. Pasian in a kammal mi siangthote zangin kemcing ahih manin muanhuai
mahmah hi. Masoretic Text in Thuciam Lui muanhuaina teci kician hong lak hi. Masoretic
Text ah Thuciam Lui bu 24 pha a, Protestantte Thuciam Ciam Lui (LST) bu 39 tawh kibang
hi. Hih in Thuciam Lui a muanhuaina teci kician hong lak hi.

Torah Bu (Bu 5) Naviim Bu (Bu 8) Ketuvim Bu (11)

Piancilna, Kamsang Masate: (Joshua, Thukhente, 1 & Job, Late, Paunak, Sol-
Paikhiatna, 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite) omon La, Ruth, Kahla,
Siampi Laibu, Kamsang Nunungte: (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Thuhilhna, Esther
Gamlakvaakna, Ezekiel) Laizial Ngate:
Thuhilhkikna Kamsang Neute: (Hosea, Joel, Amos, (Daniel, Ezra - Nehemi-
Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habba- ah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu
kuk, Zephaniah, Zechariah, Malachi

W. Scott in “Kum zalom bang hih lai siam mipilte in LST tei-in sittelna bawl uh ahih
manin muanhuai mahmah hi. LST amau leh amau in puahphat ding phal ngiat lo uh hi.
A teina panin a khialhna a om leh LST a kigelhna Papyrus ahk savun laite pen mawhna lai
ci-in susia in paikhia uh hi. A thak laigelhna la-in tei pha setset uh ahih manin hih mipilte
lai tei zia kician mahmah ahih manin Thuciam Lui muanhuai mahmah hi, ci hi. James
Ray in zong, “Jew lai thei mipilte in LST a tei uh ciangin kidawm takin tei uha, Pasian min

154 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

“YHWH” bang a tei uh ciangin a lungsim a pumpi hah siangin lai tei pan uh hi. A kiteikhia
masa pente sittelna bawl pahpah uh hi. Lai mal khat (One Letter) a khialhna a muh leh
a kiteisa LST buppi susia uha, lai dal thak tungah tei pha kik gai uh hi, ci hi. Thuciam Thak
pen Gentail Christiante tei ahih manin Thuciam Lui teite zahin kician sinsen khol lo hi.
Thuciam Lui tawh kisai pen lunghihmawhna ding om kilkel lo hi. Muanhuai mahmah hi.

Council of Florence (1442 AD)

Council of Florence in Thuciam Lui bu ding khakna (Closed) a neihna uah Apocry-
pha bute ahi Judith, Esther behlap, Pilna bu (Book of Wisdom), Ecclesiasticus, Buruch leh
1 & 2 Maccabbees bute LST in kipsak uh hi.

Puahphate Hun

Protestant puahphate hong kipat hun 1517 AD kum ahi hi. Hih puahphate in LST
kampau bul (Orignal Text) ahi, Hebrew, Aramaic leh Greek paute siksan in LST tei hong
kipan uh hi. Latin pau tawh a kitei LST Jerome’ teikhiat Roman Catholic pawlpite LST Latin
Vulgate siksan lo uh hi. Banghang hiam cihleh, puahphate in Roman Catholic pawlpite
zat Latin Vulgate LST sungah upna (Doctrines) maan lo a om lamtak mukhia uh ahih
manin a nial uh ahi hi. Martin Luther in Roman Catholicte in Thuciam Lui sunga Apoc-
rypha a helte uh, “Deutero-canonical laibute” kici teng ama teikhiat LST panin hemkhia
hi. Roman Catholic pawlpi in hih “Deutero-canonical laibute” LST dangte tawh kizakim in
koih uh hi. Luther in LST tawh kizakim thei lo hi ci hi. Ahi zongin a thute sim dingin hoih hi.
Tua bangin thutheihna dingin a hoih hangin LST tawh kizakim thei lo hi, ci hi.

Council of Trent (April, 8,1546)

Council of Trent ah Catholic LST sungah hih “Apocrypha bute” ahk “Deutero-ca-
nonical laibute” a kicite Thuciam Lui sungah LST dingin thukimna vote la in kipsak uh
hi. Thuciam Lui sungah hih “Deutero-canonical laibute” LST dingin a deih vote tang 24
thukim hi. Vote tang 15 thukim lo-in nial uha, vote 16 in a piak in pia lo hi. Ahi zongin a
tamzaw in thukim ahih manin Session 11, February, 1442 kum a Council of Florence a ki-
khentatna danin kipsak uh hi.

England Pawlpi

England pawlpi pen 1534 kumin Rome tawh hong kikhen khia in hong tuam om
ta uh hi. 1563 kumin Thirty-Nine Articles Latin pau tawh hong khenkhia uh hi. 1571 kumin
Mikang pau tawh hong teikhia uh hi. Hih Articles sungah LST tawh kisai gelh uh hi. Hih
Thuciam Lui bute in pawlpi sungah lunghihmawhna ding om vet lo hi. Lunghihmawhna
dinga om vet lo Thuciam Luite in a nuai a bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther,Job, Late,
Paunak,Thuhilhna, Solomon La, Kamsangpi 4te, Kamsangnei 12 te ahi hi, ci-in kigelh hi.

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 155

Jerome in upna (Doctrines) a zat ding ahi lo laibute in 3&4 Esdras, Tobias, Ju-
dith, Esther behlap, Pilna bu (Book of Wisdom), Khangno 3te la, Susanna, Bel&Dragon,
Manasses’ Thungetna leh 1 & 2 Maccabbees bute ahi hi, ci hi. Sim dingin hoih a, LST tawh
kizakim in koih ding hi lo hi, ci hi.

Protestante Leh Anglicante Laisiangtho

Thuciam Lui bu 39 te leh Thuciam Thak bu 27 te Pasian’ humuap LST in sang uh
hi. Apocrypha bu “Tobit, Judith, Solomon pilna, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, Jeremiah Laikhak,
Esther behlap, Khangno Thumte La, Susana, Bel leh Dragon, 1 & 2 Maccabees te, Pasian’
humuap LST in sang lo uh hi. Apocrypha bu minthang (1 & 2 Edras, Manasseh Thunget-
na) te zong Pasian’ humuap laibu in sang lo uh hi. Masoretic Text ah zong kikoih lo hi.
Septuagint (LXX) sungah 2 Edras kiguang hi. Pseudepigraphal laibu te ah Late 151, 3-4
Maccabees bute, Pasian’ humuap laibu in sang lo uh hi. Pseudepigraphal bu 60 valte
Protestantte leh Anglicante in Jewte mah bangin Pasian’ humuap LST in sang lo uh hi.
Protestantte leh Anglicante LST sungah hih Pseudepigraphal bute khat beek kiguang lo
hi.

Cathoilicte Laisiangtho

Thuciam Lui bu 39 te leh Thuciam Thak bu 27 te Pasian’ humuap LST in sang uh
hi. Tua banah Apocrypha bu 4te (Tobit, Judith, Solomon pilna, Ecclesiasticus) Pasian’ hu-
muap LST “Deutero-canonical” hi ci-in Council of Trent 1546 kumin kipsak uh hi. A dang
Apocrypha bu 8 te zong (Baruch, Jeremiah Laikhak, Esther behlap, Khangno Thumte La,
Susana, Bel leh Dragon, 1 & 2 Maccabees) bute Pasian’ humuap LST “Deuterocanonical”
hi ci-in 1546 kumin Coucil of Trent mah ah kipsak uha, (1 & 2 Edras, Manasseh Thungetna)
Pasian’ humuap laibu in sang lo uh hi. Ahih hangin 1592 kum panin Jerusalem Bible losi-
ah in LST nung lamah behlap uh hi. Pseudepigraphal laibu te (Late 151, 3-4 Maccabees)
in Septuagint (LXX) sung bek ah om hi. NRSV LST nung lamah 1977 kumin behlap uh hi.
Pseudepigraphal bu 60 val bang Pasian’ humuap LST in Roman Catholicte in zong sang
lo uh hi. LST sungah hih Pseudepigraphal bute khat beek kikoih lo hi.

Eastern Orthodox Laisiangtho

Thuciam Lui bu 39 te leh Thuciam Thak bu 27 te Pasian’ humuap LST in sang uh
hi. Apocrypha bu 4te (Tobit, Judith, Solomon pilna, Ecclesiasticus), 1673 kumin Pasian’
humuap LST in sang uh hi. A dang Apocrypha bu 8 te zong (Baruch, Jeremiah Laikhak,
Esther behlap, Khangno Thumte La, Susana, Bel leh Dragon, 1 & 2 Maccabees) 1673 kumin
humuap in sang zo nai lo uh hi. Tu-in thuneihna a nei Pasian’ humuap LST in sang ta uh
hi. Apocrypha bu thumte (1 & 2 Edras, Manasseh Thungetna) 1673 kum humuap in sang
nai lo uh hi. Tu-in a tamzawte in Pasian’ humuap laibu in sang ta uh hi. Pseudepigraphal
laibu te (Late 151, 3-4 Maccabees) in Pasian’ humuap laibu in sang lo uh hi. Pseudepi-
graphal bu 60 valte Eastern Orthodox in zong Jewte mah bangin Pasian’ humuap LST in
sang lo uh hi. Eastern Orthodox LST sungah bu khat beek kiguang lo hi.

156 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Thuciam Lui Kikhum Dante

“The Hebrew Scripture In Judaism and Christianity” leh “Journey To the Text” cih
laibu 2 panin Thuciam Lui bu kikhumdan a nuai ah etkaak ding kong bawl hi. Tanakh
sungah 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu bute kum zalom 15th CE masiah
bu khat kisuah hi. Greek Septuagint (LXX) leh Christian LST in a bu in khenkhia uh hi. Laibu
(Codex) hong om masiah kamsang neu 12te laizial khat sungah bu khat in om hi. Lai awn
in kigelhte Orthodox leh Roman Catholicte in LST Pasian humuap in sang uh hi. Bracket [
] omnate pen Orthodox in LST in sang uh hi. A nuai ah theih vat ding thupi kong koih hi.

Hebrew Tanakh/ LST Kigualh Dante (c.95-100 CE/AD)

Torah/Pentateuch Bu/ Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhil-
Moses’ Laibu hkikna

Kamsang Bu Kamsang Masate Joshua, Thukhente, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, Isaiah, Jer-
emiah, Ezekiel

Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah,Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Haba-
Kamsang Nunungte kuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Laigelhte Late, Paunak, Job, Solomon La, Kahla, Thuhilhna, Esther,
Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu

Greek Septuagint (Eastern Orthodox) (c.250-150 BC)

Torah/ Pentateuch/ Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna
Moses’ Laibu

Tangthu Bu Joshua, Thukhente, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khang-
tangthu, [Manasseh Thungetna], 1 & 2 Edras, Ezra, Nehemiah, To-
bit, Judith, Esther-Behlap, 1 & 2 [3&4 Maccabees]

Laigelhte/Pilna Bu Job, Late [Late 151], Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La, Solomon Pil-
na, Ecclesiastecus, Solomon Late

Kamsang Bu Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Buruch, Jeremiah’ Laikhak, Ezekiel, Dan-
iel-Behlap, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum,
Habakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Latin Vulgate/Roman Catholic Laisiangtho (c.390-400 AD/CE)

Torah/ Pentateuch/ Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna
Moses’ Laibu

Tangthu Bu Joshua, Thukhente, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khang-
tangthu, [Manasseh Thungetna], 1 & 2 Edras, Ezra, Nehemiah,
Tobit, Judith, Esther-Behlap, 1 & 2 Maccabees]

Laigelhte/Pilna Bu Job, Late , Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La, Solomon Pilna, Eccle-
siastecus,

Kamsang Bu Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Buruch, Jeremiah’ Laikhak, Ezekiel, Dan-
iel-Behlap, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum,
Habakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 157

Protestant Christian Laisiangtho (c.1550AD/CE)

Torah/ Pentateuch/ Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna
Moses’ Laibu

Tangthu Bu Joshua, Thukhente, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khang-
tangthu,Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther

Laigelhte/Pilna Bu Job, Late , Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La

Kamsang Bu Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Oba-
diah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zech-
ariah, Malachi

Torah/ Pentateuch/ Mikang Laisiangtho
Moses’ Laibu
Tangthu Bu Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu,
Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna
Laigelhte/Pilna Bu
Kamsang Bu Joshua, Thukhente, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khang-
tangthu, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther

Job, Late , Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Oba-
diah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zech-
ariah, Malachi

Hebrew Tanakh/ Laisiangtho Kigualh Dante (c.95-100 CE/AD)

Torah/Pentateuch Bu/ Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna,
Moses’ Laibu Thuhilhkikna

Kamsang Kamsang Masate Joshua, Thukhente, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, Isaiah,
Jeremiah, Ezekiel

Kamsang Nunungte Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Micah,
Nahum, Habakuk,

Laigelhte Job, Late, Paunak, Ruth, Solomon La, Kahla, Thuhilhna, Es-
ther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu

Torah/Pentateuch Bu/Kamsang Jerome’ Laisiangtho
Moses’ Laibu
Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna,
Kamsang Masate Thuhilhkikna

Kamsang Nunungte Joshua, Thukhente, a, b Samuel, a,b Kumpite, Isaiah,Jer-
emiah, Ezekiel
Laigelhte
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Micah, Nahum, Habakuk,
Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Job, Late, Paunak, Ruth, Solomon La, Kahla, Thuhilhna, Es-
ther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, a,b Khangtangthu

158 | THUCIAM LUI CANON THU

Torah/Pentateuch Bu/Kamsang Josephus’ Laisiangtho
Moses’ Laibu
Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna,
Kamsang Masate Thuhilhkikna

Kamsang Nunungte Joshua, Thukhente, a, b Samuel, a, b Kumpite, Isaiah, Jer-
emiah-Kahla, Ezekiel

Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Haba-
kuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Laigelhte Job, Late, Paunak, Ruth, Solomon La, Thuhilhna, Esther,
Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu

Thuciam Lui Kipsakna

Hebrew LST bu 24 te pen Protestatte LST bu 39 tawh kibang hi. Khenpi (3) in kikhen

hi. A masa, “Thukham” hi-a, a nihna kamsang laibute hi-in, a thumna pen “Laigelh bute”

ahi hi. Thuciam Thak ah khenpi (3) na kipsak uh hi (Lk.24:44). Thuciam Lui pen AD 90 ku-

min Jamnia Council in a huampi in kipsak hi. Thuciam Lui a kipsakna uah a sittelna uh

anuai a bang dan ahi hi:

• Thuciam Lui bu khat peuhpeuh a kigelh lai-in Pasian a kihel hiam?
• Mite zangin Pasian a pau hiam? (Pai. 20:1,Jos.1:1, Isai.2:1)
• Thuciam Lui gelhpen Pasian mizat ahi hiam?
• Kamsang/kamsan theihna (Prophetic Gifts) Pasian in a pia hiam? (Thkn. 31:24-26,

1 Sam.10:25, Neh.8:3).

• Tangthu luangzia a kituak hiam?
• A piang thumaante a hi bangbangin a kiciamteh hiam?
• Jewte in a san lai ahi hiam?

Chafer in Thuciam Lui laibu dingte sittelna a kineihna ah ama muhzia a genna a

nuai bang ahi hi:

• Pasian’ thuneihna leh Pasian’ humuap laibu ahi hiam?
• Pasian’ thuneihna leh Khasiangtho makaihna tawh Pasian’ mite gelh ahi hiam?
• Thuciam Lui a sang masate in Pasian thuneihna a thukimpih hiam?
• Thuciam Lui thuneihna Topa Jesuh Christ in a thukimpih hiam?
• Thuciam Lui thuneih kamsangte in a thukimpih hiam?
• Thuciam Lui thuneihna in maitang zahtak nei lo-in a pulaak hiam?

J. Hampton Keathley III in Thuciam Lui laibu dingte sittelna a kineihna ah ama muhzia a

genna a nuai bang ahi hi:

• Pasian in Thuciam Lui gelhte tungtawnin thu a gen hiam?
• Thuneihna laibu in a kingaihsun/ a nei hiam? (Jos.1:7-8, 23:6,1 Kum.2:3, 2 Kum. 14:6,

THUCIAM LUI CANON THU | 159

21:8, 23:25, Ezr. 6:18, 1:1-4, Neh. 13:1, Dan. 9: 11, Mal 4:4, Jos. 6:26, 1 Kum. 16:34, Jos. 24:29-

33, Thhk. 2:8-9, 2 Khang. 36:22-23, Dan.9:2, Jer. 25:11-12).

• Pasian in Thuciam Lui laigelhte tawh kizopna a nei hiam? (Pai.20:1, Jos.1:1,Isai.2:2)
• Thuciam Lui gelhte pen mihing mah hi-a, ahi zongin Pasian in a teel tuam kam-

sangte gelh ahi hiam? Kamsanna silpiak a ngah/ a nei hiam? (Thkna. 18:18, 31:24-

26, 1 Sam. 10:25, Neh. 8:3)

• Thuciam Lui a kigelh laite tangthu kician taktak mah ahi hiam? Thuciam Lui laibu

sunga kikhum tangthute a maan takpi mah ahi hiam?

Torah Bu (Bu 5) Naviim Bu (Bu 8) Ketuvim Bu (11)

Piancilna, Kamsang Masate: (Joshua, Thukhente, 1 Job, Late, Paunak, Sol-
Paikhiatna, & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite) omon La, Ruth, Kahla,
Siampi Laibu, Kamsang Nunungte: (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Thuhilhna, Esther
Gamlakvaakna, Ezekiel) Laizial Ngate:
Thuhilhkikna Kamsang Neute: (Hosea, Joel, Amos, (Daniel, Ezra - Nehemi-
Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habba- ah, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu
kuk, Zephaniah, Zechariah, Malachi

Tangthu in Thuciam Lui muanhuaina teci lak hi. Ecclesiaticus bu in Thuciam Lui bu
“Thukham bu, kamsang bu leh laigelh bu” khenpi (3) a om lam pulaak hi. Philo (AD 40)
leh Josephus (AD 32- 100) te in Thuciam Lui a maanna teci na lak uh hi. Jamnia Council
(AD 90) in Thuciam Lui na kipsak uh hi. Pawlpi pate (Church fathers) in zong Thuciam Lui
kipsakna na nei uh hi. Augustine bek in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak kikaal kum 400
sunga kigelh laibu “Apocrypha bute” Thuciam Lui bu dingin na behlap hi. Thuciam Lui
muanhuaina pen Thuciam Thak sungah gensawnna mun (250) om hi. Topa Jesuh leh
nungzuite in Thuciam Lui kipsak uh hi (Matt. 5:17-18, 23:351 Tim. 5:18, Lk.10:7, Thkna. 25:4) Hih
a tunga sittelna tawh a kituak laibute (2 Tim. 3:16) Pasian humuapna leh thuneihna a nei
“Pasian’ thu bu LST “in kisang hi.

·····0·····

11 THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

“Minus” in “Khut Tawh” cihna hi-a, “Scriptus” in “A Kigelh Lai” cihna ahi hi. Mangka-
min “Manuscripts” a kicih ciangin “Khut Tawh A Kigelh Laite” cihna ahi hi. Hih khutgelhlaite
pen laikhetna set hong om ma, LST kiteite a genna ahi hi. “Ms” in “Manuscript” a tawmin
genna hi-a, “Mss” in “Manuscript” a tamin genna a kitom laak ahi hi. Pasian kamsangte’
LST gelhcilna laite pen “Autograph” (Original Text) kici-a, tu-in om nawnlo hi. Laitheite
in khut tawh a teikhiat khutgelhlaite bek kimu lai hi. Tua laitheite ahi, “Masoretes” kicite
hi-a, amau khut tawh a gelkhiatte uh tangvan zongkhiate (Archaeologists) in a khang a
khangin LST khutgelhlaite muh beh toto uh hi. Hih a muhkhiat zelzel uh LST khutgelhlaite
in LST (Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak) a muanhuaina kilangsak semsem hi.

Hebrew Kamin A Kigelh Thuciam Luite

Tanglai vante a kankhiate (Archaeologists) in LST a muanhuaina lei sunga tawh-
na pan un, khutgelhlai tampi hong mukhia uh hi. Thuciam Lui bute pen thakhat thu in a
kigelhsa in hong kipia hi lo hi. Damdam in a kikaikhawm toto hi-a, a nung ciangin laibu
khat in hong kibawl ahi hi. Tangvan kankhiate (Archaeologist) in LST a muanhuaina hong
mukhia uh hi.

Ngun Ai Saanna Peekte

Thuciam Lui Hebrew kamin khut tawh gelh lai a kiteikhiate lakah, “Ngun Ai Saan-
na Peek” te tungah kigelh om hi. 1985 kumin lei sunga kitawhkhiatna ah Scotland a om
St. Andrew Church gei hankhuk sung leh Jerusalem leitaw lam tai khatna ah kimukhia
hi. Hih “Ngun Ai Saanna Peekte” a sauna letmat 4, a zaina letmat 1 ahi hi. A neuzaw in a
bawlte uh a sauna letmat 1 ½, a zaina letmat ½ ahi hi. Hihte in “Kelef Hinom Silver Scroll”
zong kici hi. Hih “Ngun Aisanna Peek” tungah siampite thupha piakna ahi Gamlakvakna
6:22-27 sung kigelh in, Masoretic Text tawh kibang lian hi. Gabriel Barkey in BC Kumza lom

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 161

7 laizang pawl a kigelh lai thupi hi ci hi. Dawi leh kau dalna in hih ngun tau leh awh-khi
tungah LST gelh uha, kihuut nadingin ok uh hi.

Samaritan Pentateuch

Samaritan i cihte pen Assyriate in BC722 kumin Israel mite beh nih Ephraim leh
Manasseh suan sal in kimante ahi uh hi. Mi 27290 sal in Assyriate in man uha, a sawt
ciangin Assyriate pasian’ hong biak pih uh hi. Namdangte pasian Israel saltangte in
hong biak pih uh ciangin “Samaritante” kici hi. Judah kumpi Hezekiah leh Josiah in Israel
mite kipumkhat dinga gawmtuah uh hangin gawm kik zo lo uh hi. Israel beh sawmte in
Babylon gam ah sal in BC605 kumin hong tang uh hi. Babylon gam ah kum 70 sal in hong
tang khit uh ciang, a gam uah hong ciahkik in Jerusalem biakinn hong lam kik uh hi. Bi-
akinn lam kik ding Samaritante in huh nuam mah ta leh kiphal lo hi. Nam dangte tawh
kipi-kiteeng uha, namdangte pasian biak pih in phamawhsak nei lo-in polhteh uh ahih
manin “Samaritante” a kici ahi hi. Hih Samaritante in Moses laibu a kici Piancilna panin
Thuhilhkikna ciang Pasian’ thuneihna a nei LST in na sang uh hi.

Systematic Thelogy cih laibu a gelh Paul Enn in, “Pentateuch i cihpen Moses laibu
gelh (5) te (Piancilna-Thuhilhkikna) bute a genna hi-a, Samaritan” i cih ciangin Gerizim
Mual tunga teng mite hi-a, “Samaritan Pentateuch” i cih ciangin Samaritante in a zat
uh LST Thuciam Lui thukham bu a kici “Piancilna-Thuhilhkikna” bute ahi hi. BC 1450 kum
pawl a, kigelh ahih manin Thuciam Lui muanhuaina teci khat ahi hi, ci hi. Hih Samaritan
Pentateuch LST in “Paleo-Hebrew” tanglai lai (Script) tawh kigelh hi. Aramaic tawh kigelh
Thuciam Lui sangin masa zaw tham hi. Hih laite in Moabite Stone, Siloam Inscription leh
Lachish letters (laite) tawh kibang hi. LST a bul kan nuamte adingin Samaritan Penta-
teuch in hong huh mahmah hi. Hih Samaritan Pentateuch in Moses laigelh bu (5) te a
muanhuaina teci hong lak hi.

Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS)

Sih Tuipi Laizial pen tanglai mite khutgelhlaite hi-a, 1947-1956 kum kikaal a, Bed-
ouin mite leh tanglai thu a kante (Archaeologist) te muhkhiat ahi hi. A kimuhna mun pen
Khirbet Qumran tawh kinai, Sih Tuipi Khung-Nitumna lamah kimu hi. Hebrew, Aramaic leh
Greek pau tawh hih laizial kigelh hi. A tamzaw pen Hebrew pau tawh kigelh a, a tawmzaw
pen Aramaic leh Greek pau tawh a kigelh lai ahi hi. Hih khutgelhlaite pen khenpi (3) in ki-
khen a, LST tawh kisai laibu, Hebrew LST in a kisang lo Apocrypha laibute leh Biakna ki-uk-
na tuamtuam laibute (Sectarians) cihte ahi hi. Sectarians laibu sungah thuhilhcianna
laite, biakna-thukhun laite, biakpiakzia ding laite leh Mangmuhna tawh kisai laite ahi hi.
Mipilte in Qumran khua a, a teeng Jew nam Essence a kicite khutgelhlaite hi-a, laithei mi
100 val bangin a gelh uh ahi hi, ci uh hi. Qumran a kicihna mun pen Essence namte teen-
na khua ahi hi. Hih laizial sunga kigelh thu in 40% in Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui tawh kisai
hi-a, 30% in Jerusalem biakinn nihna panin Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui bu sunga kikhum lo
laibu: Enoch bu, Jubilee bu, Tobit bu, Sirach Pilna bu, leh Late 151-155 cih bangin… kigelh
hi. 30% in Jewte zuih ding thukhun tuamtuamte pulaak hi. Hih laizial pen a thu kibang lo

162 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

laizial 950 val bang ahi hi. Hih laizial hun pen BC 520-AD 70 kikaal sunga kigelh hi-a, 1947
kumin a kimukhia laizial ahi hi. Bedouin tuucing naupangte in Sih Tuipi gei lamah a tuute
leh a keelte uh a mang a zong dingin pai uh hi. Sih Tuipi Khung-lam Nitumna lam ah kawl
(Cliff) om hi. Arab mi tuucingte in kawl (Cliff) tungah kuahawm mu hi. Tua kuahawm sun-
gah suang hong lawnsuk uh hi. Tua a suang lawt un khak nei ahih manin thawn kaukau
in a gingzuai hong za uh hi. Tua ni-in ni kaita ahih manin bang hiam cih encian man lo-in
hong ciah san uh hi.

A zing lam ciangin va pai kik uh hi. A suang lotsukna ua kua heng ah hong tuak
suk uh leh suang in a khakzan thambeel lui khat lei taam tungah mu uh hi. A kiim a et
uh leh thambel a tuk lo a kitung lai tampi omlai hi. Mei a detsuk uh leh leisan thambeel
vive a om mu uh hi. Tham beel nihte pen puan tawh kitun bikbek hi. A dang khat bel
puan tawh kitun lo hi. Tuate in savun laizial saupi a kizial vive na himawk-a, laimalte a
vom meel tawh a vek in kigelh hi. Hih a kimuh hun in 1947-1956 kum phalbi sung ahi hi.
1947 kum March kha ciangin hih laizial in man nei dingin um uh hi. Bethlehem ah hong
paipih uha, innlamte khat kiangah lei dingin zuak sawnsak hi. Innlampa in khotsak zo
lo hi. Hun khat khit ciangin tuucingte in innlampa kiangah hong pai kik uh hi. Innlampa
kiangah bangzah in hih khanglui van nong leisak zo diam ci uh hi. Bangzah mah man
kei, khanglui van hi lo hi, ci-in innlampa in dawng ziau hi. A kikhot zawh loh ciangin tu-
ucingte in laizial hong lakhia kik in mun dangah hong zuaksak kik uh hi. A zuak sakkikpa
un a khot zawh leh seh thum suah seh khat la dingin kiho uh hi. Hun khat khit ciangin Sih
Tuipi Laizial (DSS) khutgelhlai 3 te US $ 65 dollar in hong khong thei uh hi. Tua khit ciangin
tuucingte va pai kik uha, laizial va zong kik uh hi. A muh kik teng uh midang khat in US $
28 in lei hi. Jerusalem khua sunga Syrian Jacobite pawlpi ah Archbishop a sempa, Mar
Athanasius Samuel in laizial a kimu masa lam teng na lei kha hi. Jerusalem ah kidona
hangin America ah hong peem hi. Tangvan koihna (Museum) te leh Universityte ah kum
sagih sung zuak kawikawi in khawng zo lo hi. Kum 7 khit ciangin “The Wall Street Journal”
sungah a lei nuam peuh ci-in mipi theih dingin tangko khia hi. Hih tangkona a thei khate
in Jerusalem panin New York a hawh Archaeologist Yigael Yadin kiangah na lak uh hi.

Yigael Yadin in American mihau a lawmpa tungah US $ 250000 sum lohkik din-
gin leitawi ngen in lei pah hi. 1954 kumin Jerusalem ah hih laizialte tung kik hi. A kimu kik
laizial dang nihte Professor Yadin’ pa Sukenik in US $ 324 tawh lei kik hi. 1948 kum bei lam
ciangin Jesuh hun pan Palestine gamah Hebrews laibu a kimu ngei nailo kimukhia ta hi-
ci-in thuthangte (NEWS) in genkhia hi. NEWS in tuucingte muhkhiat laizial in a manphat
mahmah na gen khia hi. 1949-1956 kum dong Bedouin tuucingte leh tangvan zongte
(Archaeologists) in laizial dang zong kik uha, mun 11 muh beh uh hi. Kuahawm (Cave 1) leh
kuahawm (Cave 4) leh kuahawm (Cave 11) sung bekbek ah laizial 400 bang mukhia uh hi.
LST tawh kisai a kigelh Cave 1, 4, 11 te ahi hi. Suangnenkia, huih muutsiat leh leikha pehkek
in laidal tumtawng (Fragments) 4000 bang om hi. Hih a kimukhiate in Per Square Centi-
meter simin US Dollar 4 tawh kilei hi. Hih Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS) 220 te in Hebrew lai Thuci-
am Lui tawh kisai hi-a, Thuciam Lui Esther bu lo buang kim sitset in om hi. Hih khutgelhlai
(MSS) in a kiteisawn a masa penpen LST sangin kum 1000 khat bang upazaw hi. Thuciam

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 163

Lui khut tawh gelh a kizawh siang hun BC100 kum pawl hi-a, Qumran Cave ah 1947 kumin
kimu hi. America School of Oriental Research mipilte in Thuciam Lui khutgelhlaite lakah
a masa pen dingin um uh hi. Sih Tuipi Lai Zial (DSS) sunga om thute in (36 Late laizial, 31
Isaiah laizial, 17 Paikhiatna laizial, 15 Siampi Laibu laizial, 15 Piancilna laizial, 11+ Enoch lai-
zial, 8 Daniel leh Gamlakvaakna laizial) leh Esther bu lo-buang a kiim in a om, laizial 2-4
Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh a kimin om hi. A kideih mahmah laibu thumte in “Thuhilhkikna,
Late leh Isaih bute” ahi hi. Thuciam Thak gelhte in hih laibu thumte sunga thute gen kik
mun mahmah uh hi. Isaiah (IQIsa) laizial in (27cm X 2.26m (c.10 1/2 letmat 23 pi leh letmat
10) zai hi. Isaiah bu a kimin om hi. Apocrypha bute leh Pseudepigrapha bute zong om hi.
Thuciam Lui hilhcianna zong om hi. Habbakuk hilhcianna a kim in om sitset hi. Messiah
tawh kisai kigelh “The Testimonia” laibu zong tampi om hi. “Florilegium” David suan Mes-
siah thu leh Thukham letkhiatzia zong lai tampi om hi. Sectarian Writings, Quran mite zuih
dinga kigelh thukhun/ thukham lai tampi ahk Zuih ding thukhun khutlette, kikhawm mite
zuih ding thukhunte, kidona laizial leh Damuscus laite (Zadokite lai) tampite om hi. Hih Sih
Tuipi laizial (DSS) te in Thuciam Lui a muanhuaina teci mah ahi hi.

Nash Papyrus (Pap.Nash)

Nash Papyrus in Thukham sawm a kiteina laibu ahi hi. Egypt mi khat tung panin
W.L.Nash, England Society of Biblical Archaeology Secretary in a ngah khiat ahi hi. W.L.
Nash in Cambridge University Library ah na pia khia hi. Maccabees hun (BC169-37) kum
pawl a kigelh hi ding hi. Pentateuch laibute a kimin om a, Paikhiatna 20:2-17 leh Thuhilh-
kikna 5:6-21 a kibangin kigelh hi. Hih sunga om pawlkhatte pen LST in a kisang zo lo zong
om hi. Ahih hangin Messiah thu kigenna Quran Cave 4 sunga tawh kibang hi. Hih in Pen-
tateuch bu a muanhuaina teci lak hi.

Murabba’at Khutgelhlai (Mur)

1951 kumin Taamireeth beh Bedouin mite in Palestine Archaeological Museum a
om Joseph Saad kiangah Thuciam Lui laizial tumtawng honkhat Waldi Murabba’ (Dara-
jeh) a kimukhia khutgelhlaite hong paipih uh hi. Hih khutgelhlaite pen Murabba’at a kimu
ahi hi. Hih khutgelhte pen Qumram Cave 1-11 a kimu hi a, kuahawm (Cave 4) te in pi 200
bang thuksuk hi. 1952 masiah Archaeologistte in tokhia nai lo uh hi. Israel gam sungah
“Cave” kito teng lakah a haksa pen khat ahi hi. Thuk lua ahih manin men a kicip ding lau
uh hi. Meitang tawh a sung det kul ahih manin a sung tawng vaphak suk nading haksa
mahmah hi. Tua bang haksatna kawm kaal a, “Cave 4” sungah laibu pawlkhat kimukhia
hi. Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Gamlakvaakna, Thukhente leh Isaiah bu LST tawh kisai tampite
kimukhia hi. Murabba’at laizial a kimubehte sungah kamsang neu bu 12 te a kimin om hi.
Hebrew lai tawh BC200 kum pawl in a kigelh ahi hi. Hih laibu a mukhia Bedouinte hi-a,
Waldi gal khat lam ah kimu ahi hi. Hih lai in Palestine Archaeological Museum te tungah
Pound 5500 tawh kizuak hi. Waldi Murabba’at ah LST tawh kisai a kimukhia khempeuh a
mu nuamte adingin kikoih lai hi. Hih Waldi Murabba’t Cave a kimukhia “Lazialte” leh Mas-
oretic Text tawh kibang hi.

164 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

Masada (Mas) Ah Laizial

Masada in mual dung lian taaltam tunga om hi-a, Sih Tuipi Nitumna lam a gun
piau tawh kimat hi. Hih mun pen suang omna “Kawl” (Cliff) hi-a, pi 1300 bang sang hi.
BC 36-30 kumin Masada tungah kumpi huang khat Herod in lam hi. Nitumna lamah cial
thum a pha kumpi huang lamin hoih mahmah hi. AD 66-73 kumin a masa pen Jew tual-
gal hong om a, Zealotte pawl in Masada hong mankhia uh a, Jerusalem kipuk zawh AD
73 dong hong uk uh hi. Zealotte in Rome galkapte tha khat do (Guerrila) in bunuai uh a,
Madasa ah Zealotte kibu uh hi. Rome galkap ten hong lel uh a, April AD 73 kum ciangin
Flavius Silva in Madasa hong buluah kik uh hi. Ahi zongin Zealotte in Rome khut sungah
ki-ap sangin ci-in amau leh amau zankim ciangin kithat uh hi. 1963-1965 kumin Archae-
ologistte in Masada gam a Jewte’ bukna a tawhkhiat uh ciangin laizial 14 mukhia uh hi.
Tua laizialte sungah LST thu, Jewte zuih ding thukhun lai (Secretarian) leh Apocrypha bu
tampi mukhia uh hi. Tua a kimute in AD 73 kumin Rome te in a matkhiat Jewte in a zat uh
LST leh laite hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. “Masada Laizial” sungah (Piancilna, Siampi Laibu,
Thuhilhkikna, Late, Ezekielte a kim sitset in om hi. A dangte Rome galkapte in haltum in
susia uh hi, kici hi.

Nagal Hever (Wadi Habra) (Hev’) Lai

Nahal Hever in Ein Gedi leitaw lam hi-a, Sih Tuipi piau ii Nitumna lam tai khatna ah
om hi. 1952 kumin Archaeologistte in LST tawh kisai laidal tumtawng (Fragments) tampi
mukhia uh hi. Piancilna, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Late bu mukhia uh hi. Greek lai
tawh a kigelh kamsang neute (Minor Prophets) laigelhte a kimin om sitset hi. Greek lai
tawh a kigelh ahih hangin YHWH in tanglai lai ahi “Paleo-Hebrew” tawh kigelh hi. Hih lai
zong Masoretic Text tawh kibang mahmah hi.

Genizah Laidal (€)

Cairo Genizah laidal i cihin Ben Ezra Jew biakinn sunga kimu lai ahi hi. Hih Jew
biakinn in AD 1015 kumin Fostat, Cairo ah kilam ahi hi. Hih inndawl in tawlet nei lo hi. Ni-
tumna lam kulh (Wall) panin kahlei khat dawhto sawnin tua tawh hih inndawl kikahto hi.
Hih Genizah laidal in 1860 kumin kimukhia a, tua sungah khutgelhlai tampi om hi. Jewte
in LST a kisiat ding ciangin LST vuina inn khandei sungah koih uh hi. 1890 kumin Ben Ezra
Jew biakinn ah khutgelhlai tampi a kigelh kimu a, khualzin khat tungah kizuak in Europe
gam hong tung hi. Hih laite in Inndei khumdawn tunga kuama theih loh dingin a kikoih a
kiseel khutgelhlaite leh laidal tul tampite ahi hi. Hih khutgelhlaite in AD 1000-1400 kikaal
hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Lai pawlkhatte ahih leh hih sangin kum zalom tampi-in masa
zaw tham hi, kici hi. Laidal kigelhsa a kiphiat kik in, a dang a kigelhkik (Palimpsest) 15%
khutgelhlai LST tawh kisai Hebrew lai panin Aramaic lai tawh kiletkhia om hi. Jesus Ben
Sirach pilna Hebrew kamin a kim phial in om hi. Zadokite lai tu in (Damascus Lai) kici zong
a kimin om hi. LST (Thuciam Lui) tawh kisai kum AD zalom 5 pawl a kigelh lai zong tampi
om hi.

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 165

Ben Asher Innkuan Khutgelhlaite

AD Kum zalom 6 leh kum zalom 10 kikaal pawl in Ben Asher innkuan in Tiberias
khua ah Thuciam Lui bukhumna leh Masoretic Text etciankikna nei uh hi. Ben Asher inn-
kuan in Thuciam Lui khutgelhlaite ciaptehna abawl manun LST a muanhuaina hong huh
mahmah hi. Hih Ben Asher innkuan khutgelhlaite in (Codex Cairensis(c), Aleppo Codex
(A), Oriental 4445 leh Codex Leningradenis (L)te ahi hi.

Codex Cairensis (C)

Hih khutgelh Codex sungah Thuciam Lui kamsang masate leh kamsang nunungte’
laibu bek kihel hi. Tiberias khua ah Moses Ben Asher in Karaite Jew ahi Yabes Ben Shelo-
mo adingin AD 895 kumin a teisak leh a koihtuam ahi hi. Hih Codex in hoihtakin a kikem
leh a siangtho lai in kingaihsun khat ahi hi. Cairo (al-Kaira) a om Karaite Synagogue in
hoihtakin kembit uh hi.

Aleppo Codex (A)

AD Kum zalom 10 a masa kum pawl in Thuciam Lui buppi khutgelh in kiman siang
hi. Ahi zongin 1947-1948 kumin hih lai Aleppo khua ah Jewte kidona hangin seh ¼ kisia in
kangtum mang hi. Piancilna 1:1 - Thuhilhkikna 28:16, Solomon Late 3:12 pan Solomon Late
bek a tawp dong om lo hi. Moses Ben Asher in a gelhkhiat tuamte leh Masoretic Text AD
930 kum a tawh kibang hi. Ahi zongin Shelomo Ben Buyaa in (Consonantal Text) teng tei
khia hi. July 1099 kumin kidona (Crusade) hangin kilakhia in kikem a, kum 7 khit ciangin
Cairo a om Jew Karaite mite khut sungah ki-apkik hi. Tu-in Jerusalem a om, Hebrew Uni-
versity te in zang uha, Thuciam Lui sittelkikna ah a kizang mahmah laibu ahi hi.

Oriental 444

Hih khutgelhlai sungah 186 Folio (“Folio” cih ciangin laidal kikhep thei-in kibawl
laimai 2 ta a om laibu a kibawl cihna ahi hi) Pentateuch (Moses laibute) kigelhna ahi
hi. Piancilna 39:20-Thuhilhkikna 1:33 kikaal om hi. A khua nung ah 1540 kumin 55 Folios
kibehlap hi. A cianlai 129 Foliote in AD 950 kum pawl a, Moses Ben Asher gelh dan lian ahi
hi. Laimal golpipi-in kigelh a, a lamkizuikik (Bold) tawh kigelh hi. “Laimal bulpi” (Conso-
nants), Palestinete leh Nitumna gamte’ zat “Awsuaksak” (Vowels), Awniam Awsang (Ac-
cent) tawh kigelh hi. LST a lian a neu kikhen tuam se lo hi. Laimai khat simin column 3 in
kikhen hi. Masorah (A malmal a ciaptehna), Magna (A nuai lam laimai ciaptehna), Parva
(A sau lam ciaptehna) cih bangin kitei sitset hi. Tu-in hih Codex in British Museum ah ki-
kem hi.

Leningradensis (Leningrad Ms.B19 A;L)

Hih Codex zong a thupi mahmah khat in kiciamteh ahi hi. Ben Asher innkuan in
1008 kumin mipi sim dingin Thuciam Lui buppi laibu in a bawl uh hi-a, a thupi mahmah
Codex khat ahi hi. A dang Samuel Ben Asher in zong LST Codex mah na bawl hi. Aaron
Moses Ben Asher a teng mah sim theih dingin na gelh hi. Aman Thuciam Lui hilhcianna

166 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

tawh na thuah a, a hoih pen leh a maan pen dingin ki-ummawh ahi hi. Hih khutgelhlai
bulpi lakna pen 1929-1939 kumin “Biblia Hebraica”, R.Kittel leh “Biblia Hebraica Sttgarten-
sia”, K.Elliger leh W.Rudolp (1967-1977) te in a endikna bu ahi hi.

Hebrew Pau Lotawh Kitei Thuciam Lui

Thuciam Lui kigelh cilna pen Hebrew pau hi-a, Hebrew pau panin a kiteisawn kik
namdang paute in Thuciam Lui LST te in a muanhuaina hong lak hi.

Aramaic Targums

Pau Enn in “Targums” i cihpen “Letkhia” ahk “Teikhia” cihna ahi hi, ci hi. Babylon
saltanna pan Israel mite a gam uah hong ciah kik uh ciangin amau pau Hebrew pau thei
nawnlo uha, a theih uh Aramaic pau tawh kiteikhia LST ahi hi. Hih in Thuciam Lui muan-
huaina khat zong ahi hi. Babylon saltanna panin Jewte hong ciahkik khit uh ciangin,
Aramaic pau in amau zat pau taang hong suak hi. Hih Aramaic pau in Jesuh leitungah
mawhneite tan dingin hong pai ciang dong a kizang mahmah pau hong suak hi. Tua
bang ahih zenzen hangin LST pen Hebrew pau in kigelh hi. Mihon biakpiakna ah LST a
kisimte a tel nadingin Aramaic pau tawh a khiatna letkhiakik (Paraphrased) uh hi. Kam-
pau (Oral) tawh a kiletkhia LST in “Targums” kici hi. Nehemiah 8 sungah Moses thukham
a kisim, a kiza dingin mi honpite kikaikhawm hi.

Nehemiah 8: 5-7 in Ezra in Thukham laibu panin sim a, Levi mite in mihonte’ theih-
na dingin Aramaic pau tawh hilhcian kik uh hi. Nehemiah 8:8 sungah, “Amaute in Pasian
thukham laibu panin a kiteltakin sim uha, a cihnopna tel gen in, tua a kisim thute hilhcian
lai uh hi”. Jewte biakinn sungah, “Targums” in a tawntungin thuhilhna kampau (Oral) ahi
hi. Hebrew LST ahih leh a tawntungin laizialte panin kisim den ahi hi. Tua ahih manin thu-
neihna a nei lai (Authoritative Text) leh thutak tel nadingin kihilhna in kizang (Oral para-
phrase) a kibatlohna kimu thei hi. Kum zalom tampi sung “Targums” in kampau tawh a
kikhak sawnsawn (Passed on orally) ahi hi.

Christian hong kipat hun lamin “Targums” thu lai tawh gelh dingin ki-ap hi. Kum
zalom 5 ciangin, “Targums” thuneihna a nei thulu nam nih in hong kikhen hi. A masa in
“Targum Onkelos” kici a, Moses laibu ngate (Pentateuch) tawh a kisai thute kikhumna
ahi hi. A nihna in “Targums Jonathan” kici a, Kamsang laibute a kitelna dingin hilhcianna
(Paraphrased) ahi hi. A nih in a kigelh cilna bang lianlian in letkhia (Literal Translation) uh
hi. Ahih hangin “Targums Onkelos” in LST thuneihna a nei, a thupizaw in kisang hi. “Tar-
gums” LST tampi Qumran ah kimu a, “Masoretic Text” gelhzia tawh kibang hi.

Syriac Peshitta

“A kigelhkhia Targums” in “Western Aramaic,” kampau kici-a, Jesuh leitungah
hong pai lai-in Jewte in a zat kampau ahi hi. A dang a kiletkhiate in “Eastern Aramaic”
kampau tawh hi-a, tua pen “Syriac” ci-in kithei hi. Syriac Version tawh Thuciam Thak
tampi om a, ahih hangin Thuciam Lui khat bek om hi. Tua Thuciam Lui Syriac Version
in “Peshitta” kici hi. “Peshitta” a khiatna in “Theih baih” cihna ahi hi. Hih Peshitta Version

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 167

Thuciam Lui in kum zalom masa laizang pawl in kibawl LST Version khat ahi hi. Jewte
maw, Christiante maw, kua zaw in hih Peshitta bawlkhia in letkhia a hiam cih kithei lo
hi. Jew leh Christian a nih un zong kihel tuak uh himai thei kici hi. Mun pawlkhat khat ah
Septuagint (LXX) danin laigelhzia a kisutna mun om ahih hangin Syriac Peshitta in “Mas-
soretic Text” tawh kinai zaw hi.

Septuagint (LXX) (BC 250-100)

LST a kiletkhiate lakah a minthang mahmah khat in Septuagint (LXX) hi-a, Thu-
ciam Lui Hebrew kam panin Greek kam tawh a kiletkhia ahi hi. Hih Septuagint (LXX) in
Jesuh leitungah hong pai hunin mi tampi-in a sim LST ahi hi. Thuciam Thak hunin nung-
zuite in Pasian thu a gen uh ciangin zong Septuagint version panin a genkik uh zong om
hi. Aristeas a kici, Alexanrian Jew mi khat in a sanggampa, Philocrates lai a khakna ah,
Ptolemy II (BC 285-247) ii kumpi huang sunga thupiangte na gen hi. Tua laikhak sungah,
Ptolemy in laibusaal ngak pen tungah leitungah laibusaal minthang pen a bawlna din-
gin Jew Thukham letkhiat dingin sawl hi. Tua laitakin Alexandria khuapi, Egypt ah Jewte
tampi om (Teeng) uh hi.

Laibusaal ngak pen in manlang takin Jew mi siampi lianpen Eleazar tungah Je-
rusalem gam sunga om Jew laisiamte in kumpipa ngetna a huh nadingun laikhak pah
hi. Aristeas in Eleazar tungah laikhak puak mite lakah khat ahi hi. Upa laisiam mi 72, beh
12 sung panin a muan mahmah uh mi 6 ta, tengkhia uh hi. A kitengkhia laisiam mi 72
in Jewte’ “Thukham” a letkhia dingin Egypt ah Eleazar in sawlkhia hi. Septuagint (LXX)
in Latin kam “Septuaginta” panin hong pai hi-a, “Sawm Sagih” a cihnopna ahi hi. Rome
mite nambat sim danin a kitomlak “LXX” ahk “70” kici hi. Jew laisiamte Alexandria khuapi
hong tun uh ciangin Ptolemy in ni sagih pawi bawlpih hi. Hih pawi hun sungin hih mipil
72 te khat khit khat in bangtan pilna nei uh hiam cih ze-et in sittel hi. Mi khat khit khat in
a sittelna ah paubanna mu lo-in lungkim ahih manin Pharos omna mun tuikulh tungah
a nuam mahmah omna mun hoih leh a vanzat ding uh a kicing in pia in ki-omsak hi.
Leitungah tanglai a minthangte a kiciaptehna ah hih mipilte omna “Pharos Light-house”
zong kihel hi.

Meitaang inn mun nuam sungah, lailetkhiate in deihtakin na hong sem uha, ni 72
sungin Hebrew panin Greek, Thuciam Lui letkhiat hong zo uh hi. Alexandria khuapi sun-
ga om Jewte in hoihtakin a kiletkhia Hebrew panin Greek LST sim thei uh hi. Hih Aristeas’
laikhak sungah a tangthu paizia pawlkhat kitukalh a buaihuai om hi. Ahi zongin hih Sep-
tuagint (LXX) tawh kisai a genna lian ah man bilbel leh kilawm hi. Septuagint hong pi-
ankhiatna bulpi in Egypt gama khuapi lian ahi, Alexandria khua ah Jewte tampi om ahih
manin Hebrew LST panin Greek lai tawh letkhiat ding LST kitangsam mahmah hi. Tua
ahih manin Heberew panin Greek ah hong kitei ahi hi. Leitungah Alexandria khuapi-in
laibusaal minthang penpen omna zong ahi hi. Ptolemy II in lailam a thupisak mahmah
kumpi khat ahih ban ah a kitangsam bang a huh nuam denpa ahi hi. Laibusaal ah lai
thupi a kici limlim koih ding deih hi. Ptolemy I hun in laibusaal ngak ahi Demetrius hi-a,
ama geelna tungtawnin kisem hinapi-in Ptolemy II in hong uk masiah tangtung zo lo hi.

168 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

Aristeas’ laikhakte a muanhuaina zong tampi om hi. Moses laibu (5) ahk thukham
bu a kici, “Pentateuch” zong lah a kici pen Septuagint (LXX) in Hebrew kam panin Greek
kam tawh a kiteikhiat hunin BC Kum zalom 3 na a masa hun pawl in kiteikhia hi ci-in
Aristeas in na gen hi. Tua hunin a letkhia mite min zong a man na ciamteh sitset hi. AD
Kum zalom masa lai-in Philo in Pharos huangah “LST kiteikhiat masakna Pasian’ vang a
taankhiatna mun” hi ci-in zahtak piakna pawi khat kibawl ci-in laigelh hi. Aristeas’ laikhak
in Hebrew panin Greek tawh a kiletkhia Thuciam Lui Septuagint (LXX) pen “Pentateuch
Bu” (Moses’ Laibu 5) te bek hi ci-in na ciamteh hi. Tua ahih manin mipilte lakah teldan
kibang lo buaina tampi hong om hi. Heberew panin Greek tawh a kitei Septuagint (LXX)
in Thuciam Lui buppi hi-a ci zong om a, Moses laibute (Pentateuch bute) bek hi, ci zong
om in muhna nih om hi.

Laigelh minthang Epiphanius in Septuagint (LXX) in Hebrew panin Greek a kiteikh-
ia penin Thuciam Lui buppi hi-a, tua banah Aprocrypha bu zong ahi hi. Ahi zongin Apoc-
rypha bute pen a kinung behlap hi, ci hi. Tua bang a cihzenzen hangin Aristeas’ Laikhak
a kisiksan pipen hi zel ahih manin lunghihmawhna omsak hi. Aristeas’ laikhak tunga kin-
gate in Thuciam Lui a dangte Greek kam tawh a kiletkhiate bang hun a kiletkhia, kua
in letkhia cihte kithei ban lo hi, ci uh hi. Tua hunin Greek kam pen tuhun a leitung bup
in Mangkam a kitheih dan ahi hi. Jew mite adingin Greek lai pen amau lai pau (Literal
Language) hong suak hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Lui dangte pen mimal in maw ahk
kipawlna tawh maw a kiteikhia hi dingin ummawh uh hi. Jew laisiam 72 te hilo ding hi ci
uh hi.

Thu khat ah Thuciam Lui buppi pen Jesuh hong suah hun pawl in Greek kam tawh
kingah khin hi. Ahi zongin Septuagint (LXX) in muanmawh huai buaina tampi hong piak
zong om zel hi. Gentehna in (1) Septuagint Greek Version bek mah tua hunin a om ahi
mah diam? ahk a dang tampi Greek Version a om khin a hi diam? (2) Septuagint Ver-
sion LXX Version in tamveipi a kipuah to a ki-endik toto mah ahi diam? LST tangthu siam
pawlkhat in Hebrew panin Greek tawh hong kiletkhiat in Septuagint (LXX) kiman siang
pah lo hi, ci uh hi.

Tua hangin Septuagint (LXX) hong kipatna bulpite Greek kamin gen ding kiphal
lo ahi ding hiam? kici hi. Septuagint (LXX) in Hebrew pau panin a kiletkhiatzia in a cil a lai
tawh a kibang lianlian in kiletkhia (Literal Translation) lo hi. A telnop dingin kiletkhia (Dy-
namic Equivalency) tawh kivalak in kilet hi. NIV a telnop dan in kilet hi. Hebrew lai in mun
tampi ah a tuam vilvel kampau ahihna kilang hi. Koine Greek hunin zong Greek in a tuam
vilvel kampau ahihna kilang hi. Hebrew leh Septuagint (LXX) a kibatlohna tuamtuam
zong om hi.

• Septuagint (LXX) ah Paikhiatna 35-40 Hebrew kam a, sangin tampi pha in kigel-

hkhia hi

• Thukhente sungah khutgelhlaite Greek in nam 2 tawh kigelh a, Hebrew tawh kila-

mdang pha mahmah hi.

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 169

• Samuel/Kumpite sungah Thuciam Lui Hebrew leh Thuciam Thak Greek in kinak

lam dan mahmah hi.

Jeremiah sungah, Septuagint (LXX) seh 8 suah seh 2 in Hebrew sangin tomzaw
hi. A gamgam a kilangneihna kam tawh genna mun (Alian 46-51 Hebrew LST sungah)
kibat lohna a lian 25:13 khit ah zong om hi. F.F Bruce in, The Canon of the Scripture a cih
laibu a gelhna sungah hi bangin na gen hi. Christian masate hunin Codex laibu kikhuite
leh laizial tawh a kitei LST zang uh hi. Christiante LST upa pen in Septuagint Codex laidal
kikhuite tawh a teikhiatte ahi hi.

Hih a kiteite pen LST tawh kisai Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri 7 pha in tua a ki-
kaikhawmte pen Chester Beatty Museum leh Laibusaal, Dublin ah om hi. AD 1931 kumin
a masa penpen sittelna kinei hi. Hih 7 a pha Chester Beatty Biblical Papyrite a kitel kan
ciangin Septuagint Codex laibute, Piancilna bu 961, Piancilna a kiteikhia dang Copy 962
bu, Gamlakvaakna – Thuhilhkikna 963 bu, Thuhilhna 964 bu, Isaiah 965 bu, Jeremiah
966 bu, Ezekiel-Daniel- Eshter 967/8 bu Codex tawh a kitei kimu hi, ci hi. A dang laibu
Codex te sungah Greek kamin 1 Enoch Codex bu zang in kitei hi ci-in Melito, Bishop of
Sardis ii Paisan pawi thugennate sungah om a, Chester Beatty sungah kigelh hi. Thuci-
am Thak hunin hih Greek pau tawh a kitei Thuciam Lui Septuagint (LXX) pen Egypt gam a
om Christiante in zang uh hi kici hi. AD Kum zalom 2 leh 4 kikaal in kimu beh a, ahi zongin
pawlkhat pen nasia khin a, pawlkhat bel kician mahmah hi.

SEPTUAGINT KHUTGELHLAITE

Laimal Gol Tawh Khutgelhlaite

Laimal gol tawh kigelh Greek LST Codex tawh AD kum zalom 4 leh 5 sungin om
khin hi. Tua LST pen Codexte sungah kimu thei hi. Thuciam Lui tawh kisai laimal gol tawh
kigelhte Codex thumte sungah na kigelh hi. Tua Codexte in Sinaiticus (Aleph), Vaticanus
(B) leh Alexandrinus (A) 4 te ahi hi.

Codex Sinaiticus Aleph (AD 400)

Piancilna. . . , Gamlakvaakna . . . , Thukhente.. . , 1 & 2 Khang Tangthu : 1 & 2 Esdras, Tobit,
Judith, 1 & 4 Maccabees, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Kahla, Kamsang 12 te, Late, Paunak, Thuhilh-
na, Solomon La, Pilna, Sirach, Job. (Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, 1 & 2
Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite na om lo hi. Kamsang 12 te bek a om tei hangin a kimin om lo hi)

Codex Vaticanus B (AD 400)

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khang Tangthu, 1 & 2 Esdras, Late, Paunak, Thuhilh-
na, Solomon La, Job, Pilna, Sirach, Esther, Judith, Tobit, Kamsang 12 te, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
Baruch, Kahla, Jeremiah Laikhakte, Ezekiel, Daniel (Maccabees bute kiguang lo hi).

170 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

Codex Alexandrinus (A)4 (AD 500)

Piancilna, Paikhiatna , Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, l&2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite,1 & 2 Khang Tangthu, Kamsang 12 te, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
Baruch, Kahla, Jeremiah Laikhakte,Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther, Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Esdras, 1-4
Maccabees, Late, Job, Paunak, Thuhilhna, Lakamte, Pilna, Sirach, [Solomon Late]. (Solo-
mon late lakam a kikaikhawm 18 te hi-in BC100 sunga kikaikhawm hi-a, LST in kisang lo
hi. Codex Alexandrinus, sungah LST in na kiguang napi kihawmkhia lo hi.

Christiante hong khan mahmah ciangin Jew mite hong kigamla semsem uh ahih
manin a upna uh a huut nadingin Septuagint (LXX) LST zang uh hi. Jew makaite in a
kithehthang Jew mite in a mau tel kampau khat tawh LST a theih ding uh kisam sa hi.
Tua ahih manin AD Kum zalom 2 na sungin Greek pau tawh a kiletkhia LST thak hong tam
semsem hi. Tua ahih manin Hebrew kam leh Greek kam in LST a zang Christiante kikaal
ah kinialna (Controversy) piangsak hi. Thuciam Lui Greek kam tawh a kilet a dang Version
omlaite in a nuai a bang ahi hi.

Aquila (AD 130-150)

Aquila in Black Sea tunga om Pontus gam Sinope khua panin Christian upna la-
mah a kihei a piangthak khat ahi hi. A nung ciangin Christian panin Judaism upna sang
kik in Rabbi Akiba nungzui khat hong suak hi. AD 130 kum ciangin Hebrew LST (Thuciam
Lui) panin Greek kamin a cil a kigelh bang lianlian in letkhia (Literal translation) hi.

Theodotion (Theod, AD 150-185)

Christian masate’ gen ngeina ah, Theodotion in Judah upna (Judaism) lamah a
kihei khat hi-a, Ephesus khua a teeng khat ahi hi, kici hi. Hebrew LST panin AD kum zalom
2 na sungin Greek pau mah tawh LST letkhia hi kici hi. Christiante om ma-a, a om Greek
Septuagint (LXX) etkaak in zangin Hebrew LST Greek pau tawh Thuciam Lui letkhia hi.
Thuciam Thak in Thuciam Lui sunga, a gensawnte letkhia masa hi. Greek pau a thei vet
lo Hebrew pau a zangte’ LST zat Hebrew tawh kibang hi.

Symmachus (Symm, AD 185-200)

Symmachus in Aquila leh Theodotion Thuciam Lui a letkhiat khit uh ciangin a
man zong Thuciam Lui Greek mah tawh hong letkhia hi. AD Kum Zalom 2 leh 3 na sungin
Symmachus in koipanin letkhia hi ding hiam cih kitel cian lo hi. Eusebius leh Origen in
Symmachus in Ebonite khat ahih manin Hebrew Text panin Greek tawh hong letkhiat
ciangin Masoretic Text tawh kibang mahmah ci uh hi. Theodotion letkhiat tawh kibang lo
hi. Jerome in Aquila letkhiat tawh enkop in Vulgate a teikhiat sangin Symmachus letkhiat
in nakpi in kiciansa zaw hi, na ci hi.

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 171

PAWLPI MAKAITE LEH LAIGELHTE

Justin Martyr (AD 100-165)

Septuagint (LXX) hong kipatkhiatna a tangthu bul pen Aristeas laikhak in na gen
a, Justin Martyr in (AD160) in Septuagint (LXX) Thuciam Lui pen siksan dingin a muan-
huaina a tomkim in gelhkhia hi. Ahi zongin Hebrew LST tawh a kibang Messiah thu a pu-
laak Septuagint (LXX) bek Jewte letkhia hi na ci hi. Jesuh pen Messiah ahihna kamsang-
bute sunga, tecipannate Christian masate leh nungzuite in kaal simin a simte uh ahi hi.
Nungzuite in Thuciam Lui sunga Kamsang bute thei cian mahmah ahihna kilang hi. Hih
in Thuciam Lui sunga, Apocrypha bute kiguang hi cihna a kipsak hileng zong Christian
Masate leh nungzuite in Apocrypha bu a sim ngeilohna uh Justin Martyr in teci kician
hong pulaak hi.

Melito of Sardis (AD 170)

Christian masa laigelhte in Thuciam Lui buppi kicingtak leh kician takin a gelhkh-
ia mi tawm mahmah uh hi. A lai gelhte uh tawh a kisai na ciangciang leh amau huam
khak na ciang bek tawh lai na gelh uh hi. AD 170 kum pawlin Sardis a Bishop sem Melito
in Thuciam Lui tawh kisai “Paschal Homily” sungah Paikhiatna leh Paul genna 1 Cor. 5:7,
10:1-4 siksanin Christ a limcing thu na gelhkhia hi. A lawm Onesimus min nei khat tungah
lai a khak na sungah Thuciam Lui bu pawlkhat gelhkhia hi. Nisuahna lam zin in a tunna
ciangciangah a gen thute tawh Thuciam Lui na gawm khawm hi. Kician takin ka theih
Thuciam Luite, nang tungah kei ciapteh danin kong khak hi, ci hi. Thuciam Lui bu minte in
hih bang ahi hi:

Moses Laibu (5) te - Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Gamlakvaakna, Siampi Laibu, Thuhilhkikna,
Nuntapa Joshua, Thukhente, Ruth, Kumpigam 4 te (1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite), Khang-
tangthu bu nihte, David late, Solomon Paunakte, Thuhilhna, Solomon la, Job, Kam-
sangte- Isaiah, Jeremiah, leh kamsang 12 te, Daniel, Ezekiel, Edras; hih bangin Sardis a
Bishop sem Melito in Thuciam Lui bute na gelhkhia hi.

Hih a tunga teng enleng Melito in Thuciam Luite sungah Esther lobuang na hel hi.
Edras in Ezra- Nehemiah bu khat in ngaihsun hi. Septuagint (LXX) sungah bel 2 Edras kici
a, (Jeremiah leh Kahla) hi-in bu khat kisuah hi. Kamsang bute a banban in a kikhumzia
kipsak lian lo hi. Melito in Palestine gam sunga om Jewte Thuciam Lui bangin a gelhkhia
ahi hi. Thuciam Lui bu kician leh kiteltakin hong gelhkhia masa pen laigelh minthangpa
ahi hi.

Pau Nam Nih Tawh A Kigelh Thuciam Lui

A ni a kum kithei lo, Melito madeuh in Greek khutgelh LST AD105 kumin kiteikhia
Greek laibusaal a om, 1875 kumin kimukhia a, 1883 kumin laibu in kibawlkhia om hi. Hih
Thuciam Lui LST sungah kampau nam nih Aramaic leh Greek tawh kigelh hi. Thuciam Lui
buppi bu 27 phasak uh hi.

172 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Joshua, Thuhilhkikna, Gamlakvakna, Ruth, Job,
Thukhente, Late, 1 Samuel ( = 1 Kumpigam), 2 Samuel ( = 2 Kumpigam), 1 Kumpi ( =
3 Kumpigam), 2 Kumpi ( =4 Kumpigam), 1 Khang Tangthu, 2 Khang Tangthu, Paunak,
Thuhilhna, Solomon la, Jeremiah, Kamsang 12te, Isaiah, Ezekiel,Daniel, 1 Edras, 2 Edras,
Esther, 1 & 2 Edras in Ezra, Nehemiah hi-a bu khat kisuah hi. Kahla leh Jeremiah zong bu
khat mah kisuah hi.

Tua ahih manin bu 27 a pha Thuciam Lui in Hebrew LST bu 24 tawh kikim veve hi.
Cyprus gam sunga om Salamis khua a Bishop sem Epiphanius in AD Kum zalom 4 sungin
endik kik in Thuciam Lui na kipsak hi.

Origen’ Hexapla (AD 230-245)

Origen in Christian mipil (Scholar) khat ahi hi. Egypt gam Alexandria khuapi ah
(AD186-254) teeng hi. Severus (203-4) in Christiante a bawlsiat sungin a suakta khat ahi
hi. Apa Leonidas in hih bawlsiat hun sungin hong si hi. Amah pen Caearea khua a, a
siapipa Clement zaa a laih ma-in, khualzin kawikawi hi. Amah pen LST hilhcian siam
mahmah hi-a, LST hilh a hileh tawllam zong a gen ngeilo Pasian’ nasem khat ahi hi. A
dam sungin a minthang mahmah a sepkhiat khat in Thuciam Lui kaikhawm in laibu in
bawlkhiat ahi hi. Hih a gawmtuah Thuciam Lui laibu in Greek kamin “Hexapla” kici hi. A
khiatna in “Khepguk” cihna ahi hi. Ama bawl laibu Thuciam Lui-in a tunglamin laimai
khat sungah column 6 pha in kampau nam 6 tawh etkop theih dingin Thuciam Lui hilh-
cianna bawl hi. Tua Thuciam Lui laibu sungah pau nam 6 tawh a gelhkhiatte in a nuai a
bang hi-a, Thuciam Lui a muanhuaina kipsak semsem hi.

• Hebrew kamin a kiteikhia Thuciam Lui
• Hebrew kam panin Greek tawh a kiletkhia Thuciam Lui
• Aquila’ teikhiat Greek Thuciam Lui
• Septuagint (LXX)
• Symmachus teikhiat Greek Thuciam Lui
• Theodotion teikhiat Greek Thuciam Lui

Piancilna,Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth (Thukhente leh Ruth bu khat suah hi), 1 & 2 Kumpite leh 1 & 2 Samuel (Hihte bu khat
suah hi), 1 &2 Khangthu (Bu khat suah hi), 1 & 2 Edras (Ezra-Nehemiah bu khat suah hi),
Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solomon La, Isaiah, Jeremiah-Kahlha (Bu khat suah hi, Daniel,
Ezekiel, Job, Esther cihte ahi hi. Kamsang 12 te pen bu 1 suah hi. Origen in laibu minte He-
brew leh Greek tawh gelh hi. Origen in Thuciam Lui bu ah a khumte hi bang dan ahi hi.

LST tawh a kizakim lo cih laibu in Maccabees bute ahi hi. Aman Egypt gam Al-
exandria khua ah a gelh ahih zenzen hangin Palestine Jewte tawh zong kikuppihna nei
zelzel hi. Origen in Thuciam Lui pen Latin LST in siksan in tei khia hi. A diakdiak in Rufinus of
Aquileia (AD 345-410) in siksan mahmah hi.

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 173

Athanasius (AD 367)

Athanasius laiggelhte pen Thuciam Thak Canon kipsakna in a kisang mahmah
ahi hi. Tua mah bangin Athanasius in Thuciam Lui tawh kisai ciamtehna na nei hi. Thuci-
am Lui sungah lai zuau (Apocrypha bute) tampi mu ahih manin LST thuneihna a nei lai-
bute na ciamteh hi. Aman a genna ah, “Hebrewte ngeina ah laimal bulpi 22 a neih mah
bang un, Thuciam Lui bu 22 pha hi cih ka za ngei hi ci-in lai na gelh hi. Tua ama ciapteh
Thuciam Lui bute in a nuai a bang ahi hi:

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshua, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kumpite, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, 1 & 2 Edras, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna,
Solomon La, Job, Kamsang 12 te, Isaiah, Jeremiah-Baruch-Kahla leh laikhakte, Ezekiel,
Daniel bute ci-in bu 22 Thuciam Lui phasak in na ciamteh hi. A gen behna ah, hih zah val
LST kuamah in behlap nawn kei ta hen, na ci lai hi. Hih Athanasius laigelhte in Thuciam
Lui a muanhuaina kipsak semsem hi.

Greek Pawlpi Makaite

Jerusalem bishop Cyril (348-386) in Thuciam Lui a na ciaptehna ah Origen cia-
mtehna tawh a kibangin Thuciam Lui na sang hi. Ahi zongin Cyril ii Thuciam Lui (Jeremi-
ah, Kahla leh Jeremiah Laikhakte) te a khum dan uh kibang lo hi. Gregory of Nazianzus
(AD330-390) in Athanasius ii Thuciam Lui ciaptehna bangin na sang hi. Ahi zongin Esther
bu san haksa ahih manin na hemkhia hi. Bishop of Iconium, Amphilochius in Gregory
of Nazianzus ciaptehna bangin Thuciam Lui na sang hi. Esther bu zong Thuciam Lui ah
hong khua nung hel hi. Epiphanius (AD315-403) in Thuciam Lui pau nam 2 tawh teikhia hi.
Thuciam Lui buppi 27 phasak hi. Hih Greek pawlpi makaite in Thuciam Lui a muanhuaina
na ciamteh uhi hi.

Nitumna Lam Latin Pawlpi Makaite

Nitumna gam lam a kici Africa gam sungah pawlpi makai minthang Tertullian,
Jerome leh Augustinete ahi hi. Jerome hong khangkhiat ma-in Latin pau tawh LST a kite-
ite siksan in Septuagint (LXX) ahi hi. Jerome hong khan ciangin Thuciam Lui pawlkhatte
Hebrew panin hong letkhia hi. Hebrew LST leh Greek Septuagint siksanin Latin pau tawh
hong teikhia hi. Ama teikhiat ma-in Latin pau tawh a om LST in Old Latin LST kici hi. Je-
rome in Thuciam Lui Hebrew LST mah bangin bu 24 na phasak hi. Jerome LST gualh dan
khawk masa lamah i mu khin hi. Jerome sangin a nauzaw ST. Augustine (AD354-430) in
Thuciam Lui tawh kisai ama ciaptehna a nuai a bang ahi hi.

Piancilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlakvaakna, Thuhilhkikna, Joshuah, Thukhente,
Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 &2 Kumpi, 1 & 2 Khangtangthu, Job, Tobias, Esther, Judith, 1 & 2 Mac-
cabess, 1 & 2 Edras, Paunak, Solomon La, Thuhilhna, Kamsang 12 te, pen bu 22 in Thuciam
Lui ciangtan in na ciamteh hi.

Nitumna lamte in Thuciam Lui ngeina bu 46 hi-a, ahih hangin aman bu 24 pha-
sak hi. Hih Nitumna lamte LST tho pen Protestantte in LST thuneihna lianpen in sang zo hi.

174 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

Hih bang ahih zenzen hangin Thuciam Lui muanhuaina kipsak hi.

Khutgelhlai Min Kigelhcil Hun Kiteisawn LST Thu Kihelte
Hun
Sih Tuipi Laizial Khutgelhlai 223, Thuciam Lui
(DSS) BC 1500-400 BC 2500-AD Buppi, (Esther bu Losiah)
Isaiah Laizial/A 68 Isaiah Bu a kim
Habbakuk Commen- Habbakuk Bu
tary (DSS) BC 800 BC 150-100
Ryland Papyrus 458
Nash Papyrus BC 700 BC 64

Peshitta BC 1500-1300 BC 150 Thuhilhkikna 23-28 Greek pau
BC 1500-1300 BC 150- AD
Chester Beatty Thukham 10 (Pai.20, Thhkna
68 5:6-21, Shema (Thhkna 6:4-9)
Targum of Onkelos BC 1500-400 AD 100-200
Codex Viticanus (B) BC 1500-800 AD 150 Thuciam Lui buppi (Syriac
Pau)
Codex Ephraemi BC 1500-1300 AD 200
Rescriptus BC 1500-400 AD 325 Piancilna, Gamlakvaakna,
Codex Sinaiticus Thuhilhkikna, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
(Aleph) BC 1500-1000 AD 345 Daniel, Esther, Thuhilhna
Latin Vulgate BC 1300-400 AD 350
Codex Alexanrinus (A) BC 1500-400 AD 390-405 Torah bute
BC 1500-400 AD 450
Britist Museum BC 1500-1300 AD 850 Thuciam Lui buppi (Greek
Orientatal 4445 pau) (Piancilna khenkhat, 2
Codex Cairensis (C) Kumpite, Late, 1 & 2 Macca-
bees, Mannaseh’ Thungetna
Aleppo Codex
Job, Paunak, Thuhilhna, Solo-
Babylonian Codex of mon La
Latter Prophets
Codex Leningradensis Thuciam Lui Bu a lang, Greek
A (L) laimal gol (Uncial)
Samaritan
Pentateuch Thuciam Lui buppi (Latin Pau)

Thuciam Lui buppi, Greek pau
laimal gol (Uncial)

Pentateuch Bu

BC 1300-400 AD 895 Kamsang masate leh Kam-
sang nunungte

BC 1500-400 AD 90 AD 90 Thuciam Lui buppi
(Hebrew pau) a upapen

BC 700-400 AD 916 Isaiah, Jeremiah leh Kam-
sangneute (12)

BC 1500-400 AD 1008 Thuciam Lui buppi (Hebrew
pau)

BC 1500-1300 AD 1000-1100 Thuciam Lui Pentateuch bute

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 175

Thuciam Lui A Lian Leh A Neu Ciaptehna

Thuciam Lui LST a masa khutgelhlaite ah a lian (Chapters) leh a neu (Verses)
te tulai a Thuciam Lui LST in a neih bangin nei lo hi. Tanglai Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui in
laigual (Paragraph), Hebrew kam (Parashot) in khenpi in khenkhia uha, Hebrew laimal
bulpi (Letters) nihta tawh a kitheih nadingin ciaptehna koih uh hi. Hebrew kamin “Peh” in
laigual (Paragraph) honna (Open) a kipat thak simin kizang hi. Hebrew kamin “Same-
kh” in laigual (Paragraph) khakna (Closed) in zang uha, tawmta halna (Space) koih uh
hi. Hihte nih pen laimal kong honna (Patuah) leh laimal khakna (Sagoor) in zang uh hi.
Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS) in laigual khenna (Parashot) a zatdan leh Masoretic Text khen dan
tawh kilamdanna nei hi. Kilamdanna a om pen Late leh Kahla a tamzaw in a kikhenzia
kibang het lo hi. Hebrew LST Thuciam Lui in a Section in kikhen hi. Thukham Laibu a kici
Moses Laibu zong a kici “Torah” bute in Section 154 in kikhen hi. Babylonia gamte in kum
3 sungin sim dingin ciangtan uh hi. Palestine gamte in kum 1 sungin sim dingin Section
53/54 (Parashat-ha-shavua) in khen uh hi. AD kum zalom 13 ciangin Archbishop Stephen
Langton leh Cardinal Hugo De Sancto Caro in LST a lian (Chapters) leh a neu (Verses)
hong khen uh hi. Hebrew LST tawh, kilamdanna hong om hi. Tuhun a i LST Thuciam Lui a
lian leh a neu i neih pen Archbishop Langton in hong bawlkhiat dan a kisiksan hi a, lei-
tung bup Christian LST in a kizang ahi hi. Tua ban ah Thuciam Lui a kigelh hun a nuai a
bang in kithei thei hi.

No. Laibute Minte THUCIAM LUI BUTE A Gelhte Min
1. Job A Kigelh Hun Kithei lo
2. Piancilna BC Kithei lo Moses
3. Paikhiatna BC 1445-1405 Moses
4. Siampi Laibu BC 1445-1405 Moses
5. Gamlak Vaakna BC 1445-1405 Moses
6. Thuhilhkikna BC 1445-1405 Moses
7. Late BC 1445-1405 Mi Tampi
8. Joshua BC 1410-405 Joshua
9. Thukhente BC 1405-1385 Samuel
BC 1043 Kiim Samuel?
10. Ruth BC 1030-1010 Solomon
11. Solomon La BC 971-965 Solomon
12. Paunak BC 971-686 (A tampen)
Solomon
13. Thuhilhna BC 940-931 Kithei lo
14. 1 Samuel BC 931-722 Kithei lo
15. 2 Samuel BC 931-722

176 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

16. Obadiah BC 850-840 Obadiah
17. Joel BC 835-796 Joel
18. Jonah BC 775 Kiim Jonah
19. Amos BC 750 Kiim Amos
20. Micah BC 735-710 Micah
21. Hosea BC 750-710 Hosea
22. Isaiah BC 700-681 Isaiah
23. Nahum BC 650 Kiim Nahum
24. Zephaniah BC 635-625 Zephaniah
25. Habakuk BC 615-605 Habakuk
26. Ezekiel BC 590-570 Ezekiel
27. Kahla BC 586 Jeremiah
28. Jeremiah BC 586-570 Jeremiah
29. 1 Kumpite BC 561-538 Kithei lo
30. 2 Kumpite BC 561-538 Kithei lo
31. Daniel BC 536-530 Daniel
32. Haggai BC 520 Kiim Haggai
33. Zechariah BC 480-470 Zechariah
34. Ezra BC 457-444 Ezra?
35. 1 Khangtangthu BC 450-430 Ezra?
36. 2 Khangtangthu BC 450-430 Ezra?
37. Esther BC 450-331 Kithei lo
38. Malachi BC 433-424 Malachi
39. Nehemiah BC 425-400 Nehemiah

Biblia Hebraica1-2

“Biblia Hebraica” pen Thuciam Lui lam a siam mipil Rudolf Kittel in Hebrew LST a
puahphat pen a gen nuam ahi hi. Rudolf Kittel hong bawlkhiat Hebrew LST a min tomin
“BH, BHK” kici hi. Thuciam Lui bu Rudolf Kittel in a puahphat masakte panin a ki-endik toto
Hebrew LST pen “BH1, BH2, BH3” cihin zong kithei hi. “Biblia Hebraica” kammal pen Latin
pau kizang hi-a, Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh genna ahi Hebrew LST “Tanakh” a cihna ahi
hi. Rudolf Kittel in Thuciam Lui bute a puahphat kumte in BH1-1906, BH2-1913 leh BH3-1937
kumte ahi hi. 1901 kumin Leipzig panin Thuciam Lui Hebrew LST hoih takin hong puahpha
in sittelna hong nei-a, 1906 kum ciangin hong zo thei hi. Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh Vol-
ume 2 suah in “Biblia Hebraica” a kici Hebrew LST J.C.Hinrichs ii laibu bawlna set tawh
Leipzig khuapi panin hong bawlkhia hi.

THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU | 177

Rudolf Kittel in a puahphatna Hebrew LST khutgelhte in Mikraot Gedolot (Bomb-
ergianna ahk B) zong a kici, 1524/1525 kumin Vinice khua ah Daniel Bomberg in a khet-
khiat ahi “Rabbanic Bible-Jacob ben Hayyim iben Adonijah” pan ahi hi. Hih Thuciam
Lui Hebrew LST in kum tampi sung hoih kisa mahmah hi. Rudolf Kittel in a laigelhzia pen
Bomberg a bangin zanga Masoretic Text tawh kibang lo hi. Laimai a nuai lam ah koih
a, Thuciam Lui khutgelh kibang lo tuamtuamte zong siksan in a zatte zong om hi. Tua a
etkaakte in Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint (LXX), Latin Vulgate, Syriac Peshittate leh
hilhcianna om hi. Hih a masa “Biblia Hebraica” a puah in a khialhnate 1913 kum ciangin
puahphatna nei kik leuleu hi. Hong zawh ciangin hoih kisa mahmah in tamveipi kikhen
khia hi.

Biblia Hebraica3

1921 kumin Bible Society of Wurttenberg in J.C. Hinrichs tung panin Kittel ii puah-
phat “Biblia Hebraica” a kiteisate hong lei uha, “Biblia Hebraica a thumveina puahpha in
khetkhiat ding hong geel in Paul Kahle makaihna tawh hong sem uh hi. 1925 khit ciangin
hong kizo siang hi. Hih Hebrew LST pen a masa puahphatna tawh tawm khat a kila-
mdang om hi. Hebrew LST BH1 leh BH2 bute etkaak kawmin hong puah to hi. 1937 kum
ciangin hih BH3 hong kizo siang ta hi.

Hih “Biblia Hebraica” BH3 bu in etkaak in a zat pen Codex Leningrad hi-a, 1008 kum
panin a kimu LST khutgelhlai a upa teng zang hi. Hih BH3 in Masoretic Text tawh kibang
lianin a kitei hi-a, lai a gualhzia uh zong kisuun in kibang hi. 1929-1937 kumin BH3 sep hong
kipan a, hong zawh siang kum 1937 ciangin Volume 1 in hong kikhen khia hi. Hoih kisa in
tamveipi kikhen khia hi. A tawpna lam ciangin Isaiah bu leh Habbakuk bute Sih Tuipi Lai-
zial (DSS) a kimu thak khutgelhlaite tawh enkaak in hong puahpha kik uh hi.

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

“Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia” pen a tomin “BHS ahk BH4” kici hi. Hih bangin “Bib-
lia Hebraica Stuttgartensia” a kicihna a khiatna pen Masoretic Text Hebrew LST bangin
kitei sawnin a kipuahpha Codex Liningrad khutgelhlai sunga kitei Thuciam Lui cihna hi-a,
German Bible Society in Stuttgart khuapi pan a khetkhiat man ahi hi. BH3 ii lakna bulpite
panin zong etkaakna hoihtak nei-in puahpha kik uh hi. 1968 - 1976 kum sung puahphat-
na kinei-a, 1977 kum ciangin Volume 1 a pha in kikhen khia hi. Hih BH4 bu zong hoih kisa
mahmah a, tamveipi kikhen khia hi.

Biblia Hebraica Quinta

“Biblia Hebraica Quinta” pen a tomin “BHQ ahk BH5” kici a,BH1-3 leh BH4 bute en-
kaak in a 5 veina Hebrew Thuciam Lui bu puahphat-kikna ahi hi. BH3-BH4 na-in siksan
kibang Linengrad Codex enkaak in kipuahpha hi-a, 1990 kum ciangin a limte puahpha
kik uh hi. Masoretic Text tawh a kibang lote puahpha uh hi.

Hebrew LST khutgelhlaite Benjamin Kenncott, C. D. Ginburg leh Moshe Gosh-
en-Gottsteinte etkaak zatte tawh zong enkaakna nei uh hi. Masoretic Text hilhcianna zong

178 | THUCIAM LUI MUANHUAINA THU

om in Thuciam Lui vekpi-in Volume 20 pha in kikhen khia hi. Hih “Biblia Hebraica Quinta”
pen leitung gam 13 pan biakna tuamtuamte panin LST siam mipil Jewt, Catholicte, Prot-
estantte pan hi-a, LST siam mipil tingteng 25te in hong bawlkhiat uh ahi hi.
Jewte Letkhiat Hebrew LST Minthangte

• Jewish Publication Society (1917)
• Koren Jerusalem Bible (1961)
• New Jewish Publication Society (1985)
• Artscroll’s Stone Tanach (1996)
• Schocken Bible of Everett Fox (1995-2014)
• Robert Alter’s Translation (2018)

·····0·····

12 THUCIAM THAK CANON THU

Thuciam Lui Canon mah bangin Thuciam Thak Canon theih cian ding thupi hi.
Thukhat ah Thuciam Thak Canon pen Thuciam Lui Canon zahin buaina om lo hi. Bu 27
pha Thuciam Thak Chrisitiante in kisang kiim ahih man hidingin ka um hi. “Canon” cih
kammal pen Christian upna tawh kisai laibu tampite sung panin Pasian humuap tawh a
kigelhkhia laite pen nungzuite leh pawlpi masate in LST in a zat uh Pasian’ kammal LST a
cihnopna ahi hi. Jewte leh Christiante in LST Canon nei uh hi. I phawk ding khat ah Chris-
tian masate in Thuciam Thak Canon nei lo uha, Jesuh in a thugente nungzuite in Gospel
thupuak a pulaakkhiatte uh tungtawn in kinga uh hi. Tua banah Thuciam Lui bute ah a
kipulaakkhiate tungtawnin zong kinga mahmah hi. Protestant Christiante in Thuciam Lui
bu 39 leh Thuciam Thak bu 27te, a vekpi-in bu 66 LST in pom uh hi.

Roman Catholic pawlpite LST ahih leh Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak kigawm bu
73 pha hi. Christiante in LST Canon i letkipte banghangin kibang lo hiam cihpen a ngaih
suthuai mahmah khat ahi hi. Hih thu pen pawlpi masate in LST in a khentat laibute leh
LST in a khum loh bute tungtawnin LST sanzia a kilamdanna kimu thei hi. Christiante in
koi laibute Pasian humuap LST dingin khentat uha, koite sang lo uh hiam cihpen kankhiat
ding thupi mahmah hi. LST pen Jewte khentat hi lo-in Pasian khentat ahi hi. Banghang
hiam cihleh Pasian in a humuap ahi hi. Jewte khentat ding hi lo hi. LST pen Pasian in hu-
muam in thuneihna a piak laibute pen mite in koi pen Pasian’ laibu hiding hiam cih pen
Pasian mite in thei thei uh hi. Christian masa laigelhte in “Thukhun” ahk “Siksan” cih danin
“Canon” deihna letkhia uh hi. AD kum zalom masa 3 na sungin Christiante upna thuguilet
tehna leh gamtatna tehna in Christian pawlpi sungah kizang hi. A tawpna ah AD300 kum
panin hih “Canon” kammal khiatna pen pawlpi-in laibute tunga thuneihna tawh khen-
tatna thupiakna cih bangin Council leh Synod ah upna bulpi tehna in a kammal zang uh
hi. Kum zalom 4 na ciangin Christiante in Pasian’ humuap laibute kipsakna leh LST khak-
na a bu kimin hong kipsak uh hi. Thuciam Thak in bu khat in a kigelh pah laibu hi lo hi.

180 | THUCIAM THAK CANON THU

Laibu tuamtuam mun tuamtuam panin kigelh hi-a, tuate pawlpi masate in
kaikhawm in laibu khat hong suah uh ahi hi. Laibu khat sungah a LST a khum dingin a
ngaihsut laibute uh pen “Canon” kici hi. Thuciam Thak laibu Pasian’ kammal dingin a
kikhum tawpna hun leh kipsak hun pen AD400 kum ciang ahi hi. Sawtpipek in thuneihna
a nei laibute in Gospel bu 4 te leh Paul’ laikhakte hi-a, a dang laibute in lunghihmawhna
kinei lai ahih manin sanhak kisa hi. Thuciam Thak bu 27 te pen Christian masate hunin
san kim nadingin hun sawtpi lato suak hi. Thuneihna laibu LST dingin hun sawt a la pen
in “Hebrews leh 2 Peter, Jude leh Mangmuhna” te ahi hi. Hebrews leh 2 Peter in kua gelh
hiam cih kician sa lo uh hi. Mangmuhna in John laigelh hinapi a bu dang a gelh laite
tawh Greek kammal a zatzia tel hak in kilamdang sa uh hi. Jude laikhak pen a pulaak
upna (Doctrine) bulpi pawlkhat san hak kisa hi. Laibu pawlkhat Thuciam Thak bu dingin a
kisang zo lo om a, tua laibute in “Didache (Nungzuite thuhilhna), Clement’ laikhakte cihte
ahi hi. Hih laibute pen a sunga om thute pawlkhat LST thu tawh a kibat hangin a tangthu
leh a thuluanzia upna adingin a kituak lo thu tampi om hi. Jesuh leh nungzuite nuntakna
thu a kigelhna hi-a, ahi zongin pawlpi in LST dingin zat taktak dingin sang zo lo uh hi.

Gentehna in Coptic pawlpite in “Gospel of Thomas” laibu LST in sang uh hi. Hih lai-
bute pen Christian gam omna khempeuh Roman Empire Nitumna leh Nisuahna gamte
in sang lo uh hi. Laibu hon khat hong helzau pen Gnosticism upna leh biakna dangdan-
gte ahi hi. Pawlpi masate in hih gimna thuak lah mahmah uh hi. A tawpna ah laibu hong
tam semsem ciangin Jesuh leh a nungzuite hunin kigelh maw, koici bangin kizopna nei,
muanhuai maw, muanhuai lo cihte tawh LST bu ding khentatna kinei hi. Protestantte,
Roman Catholicte leh Orthodox Christiante in Thuciam Thak a kibangin bu 27 kisang kim
ciat hi. Ahi zongin LST khiatzia kibang lo hi. “Apocrypha bute” ahk “Deterocanonical bute”
pen Roman Catholic pawlpi in LST in sang uha, Protestant Christiante in hemkhia uh hi.

PAWLPI MAKAITE’ LAIGELHTE

Clement of Rome (AD 60-100)

Clement in a ettehhuai Rome pawlpi makai khat ahi hi (Phil 4:3). Rome pawlpi in
Corinth pawlpi ah buaina a ven nading vei mahmah uh hi. Khangno pawlkhat in pawl-
pi makaite thumang nuam lo uh hi. 95 AD kum ciangin Clement in Rome pawlpi makai
minthang mahmah hong suak hi. Buaina a ven nadingin Corinth pawlpi lai hong khak
hi. A laikhakte sungah Clement in “Thuciam Thak Gospel Bu (4) te, Romans, I Corinthians,
Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Hebrews, Sawltakte Tangthu, James leh I Peterte” sik-
san in laikhak hi. Thuneihna a nei Thuciam Lui sunga kamsangte’ gen thute Jesuh in sik-
sanin thu a gen bangin Clement in zong thuneihna a nei Thuciam Thak panin Corinthian
pawlpi laikhak in hanthawn hi.

Ignatius of Antioch (AD 60-117)

Ignatius in Antioch pawlpi makai khat hi-a, mat leh hen thuak in AD 110 kum ciangin
Emperor Trajan uk sungin kithat hi. Antioch panin kiman a, Rome ah kipai pih hi. Rome
lamah a pai kawm un, amah a cingte in pawlpi makai tampite tawh kimusak a, pawlpi

THUCIAM THAK CANON THU | 181

tampi tungah laikhak hi. Tua hun tomno sungin laikhak sagih na gelh man hi. Ignatius’
laikhak gelhte sunga Thuciam Thak a kigelhcil tawh kibang hi. Nawh gelh lua ahih manin
gentehna (Metaphor) tampi zang hi. Ama laikhak khempeuh ah Paul’ laikhakte tampha
diak hi. I Corinthians bang gen mun diak a, W.R. Inge in a genna ah, 1 Corinthians bu bang
lotngah zo ding hi, ci hi. “Matthew, Luke, John, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephe-
sian, Philipians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Hebrews leh 1 Peter laikhakte” zong kihel hi. Corinth khua
pen buaina hau mahmah ahih manun na vei phadiak hi. Tua manin a laikhakna ah gen
mun pen hi.

Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (AD 69-155)

Polycarp in Smyrna pawlpi kem bishop khat ahi hi. Amah in John nungzui khat
zong ahi hi. A upna hangin Romete bawlsiatna tawh a si ahi hi. A dam sungin Thuciam
Thak siksan bu 16 bang a tawmpen in zang dingin ki-um mawh hi. Tua a siksan Thuci-
am Thakte in Mark, Luke, John, Sawltakte Tangthu, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians,
Ephesians, Philipians, 2 Thessalonians, Hebrews, 1 Peter, 3 John bute ahi hi. A pulaak khak
loh LST te in Matthew, Colosians, 1 Thessalonians, Titus, Philemon, James, 2 Peter, 1 & 2
John, Jude leh Mangmuhnate ahi hi. Tua lo teng pen a laigelhna leh a thugennate ah LST
in thuneihna nei hi ci-in siksan in zang hi.

Didache

“Didache” (Nungzuite thuhilhna zong kici thei hi) in Thuciam Thak ah gamtat hoih
nadingin upna thuguilet leh pawlpi zuih dinga thuguilet bu ahi hi. Khawkpi 16 in kikhen hi.

• Khawkpi 1 – 6 in “Nuntakna lampi” leh “Sihna lampi” thu gen hi.

• Khawkpi 7 – 15 in Tuiphumna, Topa’ nitak an, antan thungetna, thungetna tawh ki-
sai thuhilhna leh kamsangte, pawlpi upate leh deaconte tawh kizopna thugen hi.

• Khawkpi 16 in mailam ah hong piang ding “Anti-Christ” leh Christ nihvei hong pai
kikna ding thu genkhol hi.

“Didache” a kigelh hun kam kinialna om hi. Pawlkhat in AD Kum zalom masa a lai-
zang pawl hi ding ci uha, pawlkhat leuleu in AD 70 kum hi ding hi ci uha, a dang pawlkhat
in AD 70 khit lam limlim dingin gen uh hi. A tamzaw in AD 120 kumin “Didache” kigelh zo
citek uh hi. Jonathan Draper in “Didache” kigelh hun, AD 100 kum hi, ci hi. Bang ni bang ni
hitaleh pawlpi masate thu kigenna hi cih kician mahmah hi. Hih lai sungah Thuciam Lui
mun nih (Malachi 1:11; Zechariah 14:5) leh Thuciam Thak Matthew (Matthew 6:5ff; Matthew
7:6) mun nih kiciantakin gen hi. Tua banah Pasian’ thupiakte khen 3 te (Matthew 11:3; 15:3;
15:4) zong kigelh hi. A dang thukham tampi zong Thuciam Thak bu sunga kigelhte zong
om a, khutgelhlai ahih manin kiciantakin kigen cian thei lo hi.

Papias

Eusebius pen AD kum zalom 4 na kum masa lamin laigelh minthang khat hi-a,
Mark bu a gelh pen John Mark mah hi ci-in Papias in a gen thu pen Eusebius in kipsak hi.
Nungzui John tawh Papias a khangkhawm khat hi-a, John in AD95 kumin ama laigelhte

182 | THUCIAM THAK CANON THU

zo khin ta hi, ci hi. Papias genna ah Gospel Mark bu a gelh masa nungzui John Mark hi,
ci hi. Papias genna dangah Peter in Pasian’ thugen in John Mark in gelhkhia hi, ci hi. Tua
a kigenkhiate, Mark ciaptehte in “Mark Gospel bu” kici hi, ci hi. Papias in Thuciam Thak
a gen ciangin a bantakin gen lo hi. John in Peter tungtawnin a ciapteh thu ahih manin
kicing khin zo lo hi, kici hi. Papias laigelh khempeuh a kitheih khit loh hangin Eusebius,
Jerome, Philip of Side leh pawlpi makaite in hoihtakin a laigelhte kemcing uh hi. Papias in
Gospel Mark, John, I Peter, I John leh Mangmuhna thu thei cian mahmah hi, kici hi. Papias
laigelh dangte Luke leh Paul’ laikhakte khempeuh tun siksan kician kinei lo hi.

Irenaeus (130-202)

Irenaeus (130-200 AD) in Papias khit ciangin laigelh siam minthang khat ahi hi.
Asia Minor ah khangkhia a, Polycarp in a khansuah pa ahi hi. Polycarp in nungzui John
tawh kilawmta mahmah khat ahi hi. Irenaeus in Lyon, Gaul (France) gamah AD 180 kumin
pawlpi kem bishop ahi hi. Irenaeus in, “Peter leh Paul in Rome ah Pasian thuhilh in pawl-
pite kiang a zin laitak un, Matthew in Jewte sim dingin amau pau in Gospel Matthew na
gelh hi, ci hi. A nungah Peter’ nungzui leh kamletpa ahi, Mark in Gospel Mark bu pen Peter
thugente ei tungah hong tun theih nadingin gelhkhia hi, ci hi. Luke in Paul nungzui khat
hi-a, Paul gente Luke Gospel bu in a gelhkhiat ahi hi. Tua khit ciangin John Topa’ nungz-
uipa, a-angah a pomdetpa in Asia gam Ephesus khua ah Gospel John bu gelhkhia hi,”
na ci hi. Irenaeus in nungzuite thu a thei khat hi-a, John a sih khit ciangin kum tawmno
sungin Gospel bute tawh kisai a laigelhna ah hong gualh ciangin, Matthew masak a,
Mark a zom, tua ciang Luke a tawpna ah John bute cih bangin a banbanin gual hi. AD
kum zalom masa sungin hih Gospel bute LST in kikipsak hi. Thuciam Thak a laigelhnate
ah a siksan dangte in “Sawltakte Tangthu, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephe-
sians, Philipians, Colosians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, Hebrews, James, 1 & 2
Peter, 1 & 2 John, Jude (Lunghimawh pian) leh Mangmuhna bute” ahi hi. Philemon, Jude,
3 John te pen LST dingin san hak sa lai hi. Shepherd of Hermas leh 1 clement laibute pen
thuneihna a nei LST in pom hi.

Marcion (AD 85-160)

Marcion in Thuciam Thak a bu in hong gawmtuah masa pen khat ahi hi. Thuciam
Lui khempeuh LST in sang zo lo hi. Ama kaihkhop Thuciam Thak bute bek thuneihna a nei
Christiante laibu LST in sang hi. AD 100 kumin Sinope, Black Sea tuipi gei Asia Minor ah
hong piangkhia hi. Gnosticism upna a len a makaipi khat zong ahi hi. Nungzui khempeuh
lakah Paul muang pen hi. Jesuh thuhilhna nungzuite lakah a lenkip Paul bek hi-a cipa
ahi hi. Hau mahmah in tembaw zong a nei khat hi-a, pawlpi tungah a neihsa gou leh
gamh tampi piakhia hi. Rome gam sungah om pawlpite in amah zahtak mahmah uh hi.
July, 144 AD kum bei kuan ciangin, Rome pawlpi makaite tawh kimuhkhopna nei-a, ama
upna thu sungkhia hi. Pawlpi makaite’ lungsim lokgawp zo hi. A tawpna ah pawlpi tawh
kizom nawnlo hi. Pawlpi adingin a piakkhiatte ama tungah kipia kik hi. Tua hun a kipanin
Marcion in a pawlpi panin hong taikhia a, Christian upna dang khat hong phuangkhia
hi. Rome gamah tha khat thu in ama upna hong kizel hi. Ama upna in pawlpi adingin

THUCIAM THAK CANON THU | 183

lauhuaina tampi pia hi. Marcion in Paul’ laikhak 11 te thuneihna a nei LST in sanga, pawlpi
7 tungah laikhak hi. Marcion in hih teng pen Christiante upna bulpi hi ci hi. Luke in Paul
ii lawm khat ahih manin Gospel Luke bu zong LST in muang mahmah hi. “Galatians, 1 &
2 Corinthians, Romans, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Ephesians, Colosians, Philipians, Philemon,
Paul’ laikhakte” ama gualh dan ahi hi. Paul laikhak ahi tuucingte tunga laikhakte (Pas-
toral letters) a kici (1 & 2 Timothy, Titus) Thuciam Thak sungah guang lo hi. Gospel bu 4
te panin Matthew, Mark, John hemkhia hi. Marcion in upna paikhial mi khat ahih hangin
Thuciam Thak a muanhuaina teci khat mah hi veve hi.

Tatian (AD 120-173)

Tatian in AD 120 kumin suak a, AD April 173 kumin si hi. A lungluthuai mahmah thu
khat ah, Rome gam pua lam ah LST Pasian humuap dingin kipsakna Canon bawl hong
kipankhia masa pen in Orthodox Christiante hi-a, Syrian Church pan ahi hi. Tua banah
hih LST Canon kipsakna in Greek LST pan hilo-in Syrian pau tawh a kiletkhia LST ahi hi. Hih
Syrian Canon vaipuak a sem Tatian hi-a, Justin Martyr in AD 150 kumin Rome ah khual
hong zin sungin Christian upna ah a kikhelsakpa ahi hi. Thuhilhna kicing a ngah khit
ciangin AD 152 kumin Syria ah hong ciahkik in tua lai ah pawlpi hong puahpha hi. Zu-
nekna, sanekna leh kitenna khaam hi. Tampi a gente lak ah pawl khat bek kong pulaak
hi. Hih hun in AD 160 kum pawl ahi hi. Amah in Gospel bu 4 te Pasian humuap LST dingin
tengkhia tuam hi. A siapa Justin Martyr gelhte mah Canon in pomkip hi. Bu khat in khu-
ikhawm in a banban in gual in John Gospel tawh tawpsak hi. Hih LST in “Diastessaron”
kici hi. Edessa khua a om Syriac pawlpite in Gospel bu 4 te LST in zang khin uh hi. Syriac
Doctrine of Addai (ca.AD 400) in Syrian pawlpite ngeina a genna ah pawlpi mite in Gos-
pel bute (Tatian Diatessaron), Paul laikhakte (Rome panin Peter laikhak danin kigen) leh
Sawltakte Tangthu (Ephesus panin Zebedee tapa John laikhak danin kigen) ka sim uh
hi ci-in a masa penpen kiciamteh hi. Hih in Tatian ngeina zui ciaptehna ahi hi. Thuciam
Thak buppi hih hunin nei zo lo uh ahih manin Thuciam Thak laikhak pawlkhat pen hu-
muap in na sang zo lo hi leh kilawm hi.

Theophilus (AD 180)

Tatian’ Syrian pawlpi tawh a kinai, Rome gam nawl huamna sung lam a, a om
Greek ngeina a zang bishop Theophilus in Antioch khua panin AD 180 kum pawl in hong
khangkhia hi. Theophilus in thuthuk pilna nei mahmah khat ahi hi. Tothum Pasian’ thu
zong kiciantakin a hilhcian khat ahi hi. Tatian in Gospel bute a kici Matthew, Mark, Luke,
John bute LST Canon in a kipsak banah hilhcianna bawlkhia hi. Theophilus in Marcion
leh upna paikhial a dangte zong langpanna leh a hilhcianna lai na gelh hi. Hih Tatian’
Gospel bute Theophilus in LST in na pompih hi. Hebrew kamsangte laigelhte zong Pasian’
humuap LST in sang hi. Mangmuhna zong thuneihna a nei LST bu mah bangin sang hi.

Serapion (AD 200)

Theophilus nungzui, Serapion in AD 200 kum pawl in Theophilus maban hong
zomto hi. Asia gam sunga om pawlpite kiangah hong hawh sungin Cilicia gam sunga

184 | THUCIAM THAK CANON THU

khuata khat ah Gospel Peter bu biakinn sungah sim ding leh sim loh ding vai kam kinial-
na hong nei uh hi. Docetic upna lam pial hilhna om ahih manin biakinn ah Gospel Peter
bu zat loh ding leh sim loh dingin khentat uh hi. Hih Gospel Peter in AD 100-130 kum pawl
in kigelh in ki-um hi. Docetic upna ah Jesuh in mi tawh a kisuun in hong kilang hi-a, mi-
hing taktak hi lo hi ci-in gen hi. Hih Gospel Peter thugente pen LST tawh kituak lo up khi-
alhna ahi hi. Tua bangin upkhialhna Gospel bu hong piankhiat manin Serapion in Gospel
bu 4 te in Pasian’ humuap LST ahihna na kipsak hi. A genbehna ah Thuciam Lui Isaiah
leh Late a diakdiak in Messiah thu genkholhna Gospel bute sungah a tangtunna kigelh
hi. Hih Gospel bu 4te in upna pialna panin kihuutna ahi hi ci-in LST in kipsakna pulaak hi.
Thuciam Thak bu a kipatna ah Gospel bu 4 teng koih masak dingin gen hi. A dang Thu-
ciam Thakte zong Pasian humuap in na gen hi.

Dionysius (AD 177)

Dionysius AD 177 hunin Thuciam Thak Canon thu kinialna tampi om hi. Thuciam
Thak bu dang teng LST in kikipsak khin a, Mangmuhna bu kibuai pih mahmah lai hi. A
tawpna ah Dionysius in John Mangmuhna bu pen Pasian humuap LST in kipsakna nei hi.

Athenagoras (AD 117)

Athen a om Athenagoras (AD 117) in Chrisitante a huutna in ukpi Marcus Aure-
lius tungah a masa penin Tothum Pasian thu hilhcianna lai na phah hi. Thuciam Lui leh
Thuciam Thak tampivei na gen kikkik hi. A siksan LST laakna bulpite in Thuciam Thak ahi
hi. Gospel bu khempeuh pan leh Paul’ laikhakte pan vive ahi hi. Gospel Bute ama siksan
laakna in “Diatessaron bute” pan hileh kilawm hi. LST genna bang tekin Christiante in na
a sepna uh kumpi pa tungah na gen hi.

Pantaenus (AD 180)

Pantaenus in a masa penpen Christian thusinna Alexandria khua ah AD 180 ku-
min phut hi ci-in Eusebius in gen hi. Hih mun ah Hebrew Version tawh Gospel Matthew
kiteikhia kici hi. Eussebius in a kicing takin a tangthu a gen khit loh hangin Gospel Mat-
thew in Hebrew kamin a kiletkhiatna lunghihmawhna ding om hi, ci hi. Pantaenus in He-
brews laikhak zong na hu mahmah hi. Alexandria a Christian sangte ah sin dingin AD 190
kumin Hebrew laikhak na kipsak uh hi. A dang Thuciam Thak teng zong Pasian’ humuap
LST in sang hi.

Clement of Alexandria (AD 155-220)

Tangthu siam Eusebius genna ah, Clement in Christiante sungah mipil (Scholar)
masa pen hi ci-in na ciamteh hi. Alexandria a om Clement in Christiante upna tawh kisai
laigelh tampi nei hi. Lai a gelhkhiat limlim 8000 val bang om hi. Ama lai gelhkhiatte, 2500
val bangin Christian/ Jewte thu hi lo hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Clement pen thukpil mahmah
in a kiciamteh khat ahi hi. LST hilhcianna a vek in gelh hi. Pawlkhat a gelhte kinialna om
hi. AD 200 pawl in Clement in a kankhiat thu in Tatian’ teeltuam Gospel thute mah hi-a,
Matthew, Mark, Luke leh John sunga kigelh thute ahi hi. Tulai a Thuciam Thak bantakin a