Alamdang Laisiangtho Final (1)

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in Cambridge leh Oxford sangnaupangte in a sim khak loh nadingun kikhaktan hi. Hih
hun pen Roman Catholic pawlpi makai popete tatsiat hun ahi hi. Hih Erasmus teikhiat LST
pen Belgium gam a om Louvain khua a teeng Pasian’ thuthukpi theite (Theologians) in
Latin Vulgate LST pen khialhna a nei vet lo dingin um kha uh hi. Greek khutgelhcilte tawh
a kibat loh ciangin Eramus laikhak pah uh hi. “Bang ngaihsutna nei-in Latin Version panin
Greek LST hong tei khia na hi hiam? Greek LST khutgelhlaite tawh nakpitakin kilamdang
mahmah na nei hi lo ahi hiam? Tua ahih manin hih nong teikhiat Greek LST “Mangpha”
ka khak uh hi. Latin LST sangin Greek LST a nak maanzawk lamtak ka thei cian mahmah
uh hi. Up dingin ka lungsim uh hong la zo lo hi, ci-in lai khak ngiau uh hi. Greek tawh a kitei
LST maansa uh hi napi kum 1000 bang a kizang khin Latin khahkhia nuam tuan lo uh hi.

Hih hunin Nitumna gam sungah Latin pau tawh kigelh LST kum 1000 kiim bang
kizang khin hi. Thuciam Thak Greek pau tawh hong kilet ciangin lungsim galdona tampi
hong piangkhia hi. A taktakin Greek pau khutgelh LST in Latin LST sangin upa zaw tham
leh a maan sinsen zaw ahi hi. James Lopez de Stunica in Erasmus’ LST hoihtak sittelna
hong bawl hi. Erasmus in Greek LST sungah 1 John 5:7-8 bang na khum kha lo hi. Era-
mus pen Pasian’ kammal a hemkhiapa in kimawhsak hi. Eramus’ Thuciam Thak 5 vei
kilamdang takin 1516, 1519, 1527, leh 1535 kumte in kipuahpha hi. Martin Luther in a nihvei
puahphatna pen 1522 kumin ama teikhiat LST’ siksan etkaakin nei hi. William Tyndale in
Eramus’ Thuciam Thak puahphatna a 3 veina pen Mikang LST hong bawl ciangin etkaak
in zang hi. A lina puahphatna pen Greek LST leh Latin LST etkaak khop theih dingin column
nih tawh kikhen khia ahi hi. Erasmus in “Complutensian Polyglot” a hoih lam tel mahmah
ahih manin Mangmuhna ah tei in mun 90 bang siksan etkaak in laih hi. Puahphatna a
5 na pen a 4 na etphatkikna tawh kibang hi. Latin pau tawh LST pen kizang nawnlo hi.
Erasmus’ ThuciamThak LST pen kum 400 sung bang hoih a kisa LST Thak ahi hi. Tua bang
ahih zenzen hangin LST khiatzia a hoihpen cih hisam lo hi. Tangzai takin kihawmkhia a,
tawm man kisa-in, a bu pha cia zong hoih bek kisa hi.

Robert Estiennes (1503-1519)

Paris gam a om a minthang mahmah Latin min nei Stephanus in Greek Thuciam
Thak 4 vei bang puahphat kikna nei hi. 1546, 1549, 1550 leh 1551 kumte in ki-enphakik hi. A
masa 3 te in Paris ah kumpite phalna om bangin a hoih penpen a kikhen khia ahi hi. Es-
tienne puahphat khit ciangin Geneva ah kipuahpha hi. Protestantte’ upna tawh kituak in
a kipuahpha khat ahi hi. Fredric Scrivener in Estienne thu a genna ah mi thupi leh ngimna
kician nei khat hi-a, LST bawlkhia khat bek sepna ah kum zalom 16 sungin amah a bang
huzapna a nei midang kuamah om lo hi. LST a bawlkhiat masakte Paris panin kibawl ahi
hi, ci hi. 1457 kumin Greek LST in Nitumna gam a huzap ding kideih loh manin Francis I leh
a tapa Henry II in Latin Vulgate LST a huut theih zah tawp un, huu uh hi, kici hi. Hih hunin
Roman Catholic pawlpi in Greek LST deih lo-in hemkhia uh hi. Tua manin Protestantte’
upna hong piangkhia ahi hi. Robert Estiennes in Greek Thuciam Thak 2 vei puahphatna
nei hi. “Complusian Plolyglot leh Erasmus teikhiatte” nih enkaak in Greek Thuciam Thak
puahpha kik hi. A 3 vei puahphatna ah Greek khutgelhlai 14 bang tawh enkaak in puah-

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pha hi. Tua banah Complusian leh Beza’ Thuciam Thak tawh zong enkaak kawm ahih
manin a tawpna ah LST hoih khat hong suak zo hi. Erasmus LST zong nakpi takin kipuah-
phatna om hi. A 4 veina puahphatna pen 1551 kumin kipuahpha a, Latin Version, Latin
Vulgate leh Erasmus’ teikhiatte leh Greek lai tawh etkaakna kibawl hi. Robert Estiennes in
Thuciam Thak a lian (Chapter) leh a neu (Verse) hong bawlkhiapa zong ahi hi. Tu dongin
Thuciam Thak kikhenzia ama bawl bangin a kizang suak ahi hi.

Theodore De Beza (1519-1605)

Theodore De Beza in French mi protestant puahphate lakah Pasian’ thuthukpi thei
(Theologian) leh a tei mahmah khat ahi hi. Amah pen John Calvin upna nungzui khat
zong hi-a, a nuntak sungin Geneva ah a hun a tamzaw zang hi. John Calvin phuhsa ki-
pawlna “Republic of Geneva” ah makai zong sem hi. Theodore Beza in Vezelay, Burgundy,
France gamah suak hi. Paris leh Orleans, France gamte ah LST thu nakpi takin sin hi. Paris
khua ah a omlai-in, a innkuanpihte in siampi zaa ngah dingin deih uha, ahi zongin amah
a sim thamin Claudin Desnoz tawh na kiteng sim mawk hi. 1548 kumin a ci hong na mah-
mah hi. Tua khit ciangin Roman Catholic upna hong taisan hi. Kum 28 a phak ciangin
Geneva ah teeng hi. Tua lai ah mipite theih dingin Claudine tawh kiteenna hong bawl uh
hi. Beza pen mipil cih bek hilo-in thugen siam mahmah in, thutheih zong hau mahmah
hi. A cidam sungin Greek tawh kigelh Thuciam Thak 9 vei bang puahpha hi.

Tampivei puahpha hi mah leh ama endikpuahphat a kikhen khia 9 veina bek
a kician in kithei bek hi. 1556 kumin Greek Thuciam Thak leh Latin Vulgate etkaak khop
theih dingin hong khenkhia hi. A nihveina Thuciam Thak 1582 kumin hong khenkhia kik
hi. Greek khutgelhlai a neih “Codex Beza/ Catabrigensis” kici pen ama muh khiat ahi hi.
Hih ama teikhiat Greek Thuciam Thak in midangte’ teikhiatte tawh kilamdang hi. Etkaak
Greek khutgelhlai a hauh hangin Stephanus in 1551 kum a 4 veina a puahphat pen tawh
kisuun tham hi. Greek Thuciam Thak ah ama puahphat zong hoih a kisa mawh lo ahi hi.
Codex Beza/Cantabrigensis khutgelhlaite tu-in Cambridge University laibusaal ah om
hi. Codex Claromontanus zong pen Clermont mun a, a muhkhiat khutgelhlai hi-a, tu-in
Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris ah om hi.

Bonaventure Leh Abraham Elzehvir Unaute

Bonaventure Elzevir leh Abraham Elzevirte nih unau hi uha, Leiden, Netherlands
gam pan ahi uh hi. Laikhetna set phuankhia uha, kum zalom 16 sungin minthang mah-
mah uh hi. 1624 kumin Greek pau tawh LST khenkhia uh hi. Ki-endik ngawh lo ahih hangin
a khetkhiat te uha laimal kician sinsen in min ngah mahmah uh hi. 1565 kumin a khet-
khiat uh pen Beza’ LST sang a mal kician zaw kici hi. A nihveina ciangin a khial tampi a
omte hong puahpha kik uha, 1633 kum ciangin kikhen khia kik hi. Greek LST hih hunin a
minthangte in “Textus Receptus” (King James Version) in a etkaak pen ahi hi. “Received
Text” zong kici hi. Greek kam tawh a kitei Thuciam Thak pen puahphate (Reformers) hun-
in tamveipi kikhen khia hi. Tuate lakah a hoih pen dinga kituatte in Stephanus teikhiat,
Beza teikhiatte leh Elzervir teikhiatte ahi hi. 100 val vei bang enphakik in kikhen khia hi. 1881

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kum dongin Protestantte in King James Version hoih kisa pen hi. Mikangte’ LST tangthu
ah kum 300 bang hoih a kisa King James Version ahi hi. King James Version tangthu a
khawk dangah a zaizaw in i kikum ding hi.

Wescott Leh Hort Greek Text

Thuciam Thak kigelh cilna Greek kamin 1881 kumin hong kikhen khia thak om hi.
Tua Greek Thuciam Thak Version pen Westcott leh Hortt Text ci-in kithei hi. Banghang
hiam cihleh Broke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) leh Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) te
in hong patkhiat ahih manin a theih ol dingin “Wescott leh Hort Greek Text” cih thulu a
kipiasuak ahi hi. A theih nop dingin a tomin a kigen ciangin “WH” ahk “WHNU” kammal
kizang hi. Hih Greek lai lam a siam mipilte nih in Thuciam Thak khutgelhlai “Vaticanus
leh Sinaiticus” bulphuh in nei uha, hoih sa mahmah uh hi. Codex Bezae, Old Latin leh Old
Syriacte pen Thuciam Thak khutgelh cilna hi ci-in um uh hi. Byzantine Text-Types sangin
tomzaw hi, ci uh hi. Westcott leh Hort in Thuciam Thak Greek khutgelh nam 4te nasia
takin sittel in kankhia uh hi. “Byzantine Text-Types” ahk “Textus Receptus” zong a kici pen
siksan dingin muanhuai napi cing khin sa lo uh hi.

Western Text-Types Greek Thuciam Thak khutgelhlai pen a upa mahmah ahih
hangin siksan bulphuh dingin muanhuai sa ngiat lo leuleu uh hi. Alexandrian Text-Types
ahi, Codex Ephraemi etkaak bulphuh dingin hoih sa uh hi. Hih Greek laisiamte nih in
“Neutral Text” a kici AD Kum zalom 4 na sunga kigelh Codex Viticanus leh Codex Sinait-
icus 1859 kum a, Tischendorf leh Tregelles te’ muhkhiat hih Codexte nih bulphuh siksan
etkaak in nei uh hi. Greek Thuciam Thak 1853 kumin Westcott leh Hort in tei khiat hong ki-
pan uh hi. 1881 kum ciangin hong zo siang uh hi. Tua ciangin Hih Greek Thuciam thak pen
1882 kumin hong kikhen khia hi. Tua khit 1892 kum ciangin Westcott leh Hort LST Thuciam
Thak pen F.C. Burkitt in puahpha in hong khen khia hi. Hih Greek Thuciam Thak zong a min
ngah mahmah khat ahi hi.

Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle-Aland, 1898)

Greek Thuciam Thak khat (Novum Testamentum Graece) 1898 kumin Wurtten-
bergische Biblanstalt (Germany) hong piang khia leuleu hi. Hih Greek Thuciam Thak a
puahpha pen Eberhard Nestle ahi hi. Eberhard Nestle in Greek kiteisa a minthang mah-
mah ahi, AD Kum zalom 19 na sunga, Tischendorf, Westcott/Hort Text leh Weymouthte’
hong muhkhiat khutgelhlaite bulphuh siksan etkaak in Greek Thuciam Thak hong tei hi. A
nung lam ciangin 1901 kumin B.Weiss in puahpha in endik kik hi. Hih Novum Testamentum
Graece in tawlkhat sung “Textus Receptus” mun hong luah zo hi. Novum Testamentum
Graece a khatveina puahphatna pen Elberhard Nestle tapa, Erwin Nestle in hong nei hi.

Tua khit tamveipi kipuahpha lai hi. 1927 kumin a 13 veina puahphatna kinei hi. A 25
veina puahphatna 1963 kumin Kurt Aland in hong om leuleu a, hih hunin khutgelhlaite a
kimu thak om ahih manin etkaak tampi zangin hong puahpha hi. Tua khit ciangin a 25
veina Greek Thuciam Thak puahphatna (Nestle-Aland) in zong a kithei Greek Thuciam
Thak hong kikhen khia leuleu hi. 1979 kum ciangin a 26 veina Greek Thuciam Thak puah-

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pha in hong kikhen khia leuleu hi. AD Kum zalom 20 sungin Greek khutgelhlai tampi hong
kimu khia hi. Novum Testamentaum Graece leh Greek Thuciam Thak cih thulu nih in 1975
kumin hong kikhen khia hi a, hih Greek khutgelhlaite in a bulphuh uh leh a siksan lakna
kibang hi. 1993 kum ciangin a 27 veina kipuahpha leuleu hi. Hih a 27 veina kipuahpha
Greek Thuciam Thak in a muanhuai mahmah khat in kigen hi. Hih Nestle-Aland Novum
Testamentum Graece pen Thuciam Thak a kankhiate in lim bulphuh mahmah uh hi.
Pawlpi tuamtuam leh sangpi tuamtuamte ah zong hoih kisa in kilim zat mahmah uh hi.

Latin Laisiangtho Etphatkikna

Latin LST in a kihawmkhia mun LST leh a kipuahpha mun khat hi-a, pau namkee
tawh a kinei LSTte sangin a kihawmkhiatna ah tangzaizaw hi. Latin LST in Europe gam
khempeuh ah kizuak in kikhawng mahmah hi. Namkee tualpau LST te pen a mun zui-
in mimal ading kizuak bek hi. A kihawmkhia a laihawl in gen ni cileng, bu 1000 panin
2000 kim ahi hi. LST a kiteite pen hilhcianna, a thupi theihsakna leh upna tomlaknate
kikoih pahpah hi. Thu masa, thupatna leh thukhupna te zong kikoih hi. Hih a tomlakna
thuhilhnate pen Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thakte hi-a, thu masate leh hilhcianna tawh
kipeikhia khawm hi. 1521- 1570 kum kikaal Protestant LSTte Leh Latin LST kikhen khiate a
nuai a bang ahi hi.

LST Kipuahphate Endikzah Vei
Roman Catholic LST buppi 80
Protestante LST buppi bawlkhiat 58
Thuciam Lui bu 11 leh Thuciam Thak 2
Thuciam Lui buppi 3
Thuciam Lui (LST Kipatna lambute) 2
Thuciam Thak buppi 158
Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak teltuamte 6
Erasmus Thuciam Thak, Mangmuhna lo buang 14
Gospel bute a kithu hual lo 19
Gospel bute a thu kihual 16
Gospel bute Latin pau tawh 8
Sawltakte Tangthu 18
Sawltakte Tangthu (Aneu) 2
Paul’ Laikhakte leh Laikhak dangte 4
Mangmuhna 1
Laikhakte, Lungdamna thubute, biakna pawite 43
Thuciam Lui bu 2-12 57

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Thuciam Lui bu, Late losiah 292
Latin pau in Late bu 149
Late 60
Erasmas’ Thuciam Thak 1-21 Protestantte khetkhiat 24
Gospel bute leh Thuciam Thak bu pawlkhat
Gospel bu 3 te, John losiah 9
Gospel bute prose 3
Gosepl bu Metrical 73
Paul’ laikhakte bu 14 12
Paul’ laikhak bu 13 19
Paul’ laikhakte bu 14 5
Paul’ laikhakte bu 4 14
Paul’ laikhakte bu 3 2
Paul’ laikhakte bu 2 11
Laikhak bu 7 13
Laikhak bu 3 6
Paul laikhakte leh laikhak dangte 5
Thuciam Lui, Late bu losiah 87
Late 2-100 7
Late bu bek 58
Gospel bu leh Sawltak 26
Gospel bu a khenkhen a 3
Gospel bu 1 3
Laikhakte1 16
Mangmuhna a themthem a 5
LST buppi leh thungetna bu 3
Thungetna bu Protestantte ading Latin pau tawh 9
LST lim tawh Latin pau 13
17

Martin Luther Leh Laisiangtho

Martin Luther in Eisleben khua ah November 10, 1483 kumin suak hi. Unau 7 lakah a
upen ahi hi. A nu a pate pen nasep hanciam, a thumaan, lokho mi ahi uh hi. Amau inn-
kuan pen Roman Catholic upna a lenkip mahmah innkuan khat ahi hi. Luther in kum 7 a
phak in sangkah kipan a, University dong kah suak hi. Luther pen la lam a uuk mahmah
khat zong ahi hi. Ama hun lai-in Germany gamah sang hoihpen khat ahi, Erfurt ah laisin

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hi. 1505 kum ciangin Upadi pilna sin a, sitni suah ding ngaihsun hi. Khatvei, sun ni taang
laipi thakhat in kekkia in amah lampai kimlai kha lum dektak hi. A launa tawh Pasian
hong phawk in phungzi suah ding hong khentat kik hi. Christian phungzi sang hong kah
a, zuih ding thukham om khempeuh hanciam takin zui hi. Ahi zongin a lunggulh mah-
mah kha muanna ngah zo lo hi. A lungsim tawngah gim den hi.

1507 kumin phungzi suak a, May 2 ni-in a masa pen “Mass” bawl hi. Mawhnei
kimlai Pasian ai-awh in nasem ahih lam hong phawk lua in a ciling gawp a, a “Mass”
bawl nangawn man zo lo dektak hi. Pawlpi ngeina tuamtuamte zuihna tawh lungnop
kha muanna zongin mu zo tuan lo hi. Thungen, antang, nai tampi mawhna suut in, a
om hangin lung-gim tektek lel hi. Wittenberg University ah LST hong sin beh in Doctor
of Theology (Th.D) hong ngahkhia hi. Witenberg University ah Pasian thu (Theology) hilh
kik hi. Rom Laikhak bu hilhcianna a neih ciangin, “Midikte in upna tawh a nungta ding hi”
a cihna mun (Romans 1:17) in a lungsim vut hi. Khatvei Rome ah mawhna suut in “Pilate
Kahlei” a kici cial 38 a pha kahlei tungah khukdinsa in a kahtoh kawmkawm in Romans
bu a hilh lai-a, a lungtang a vut LST mun phawkkik lak hi. Gupna ngah nadingin sepna
tawh kingah hilo-in upna bek tawh hi cih hong mukhia thak hi.

1520 kumin laihawmkhiat (5) nei hi. Gamtatna tawh kisai thuhilhna, Rome khuapi
ah Pope thuneihna, German upate vaihawmte tunga thugenna, Babylon a pawlpi sal-
tanna leh Christian khat ii suahtakna cihte ahi hi. Hih laihawmte in Germany gam bup
thakhat in zeel pah ziau hi. Pope in hih laihawmte a muh ciangin heh lua mahmah a,
“Topa aw, tho in, na lenghuan ngalkhaat in philmang hi” cih kammal tawh Luther mawh-
sakna thu 41 gelhkhia uh hi. Luther laihawm khempeuh a kimuhna na ah haltumsak in,
Luther zong ni 60 sungin a ki-ap kik nadingin Pope in thupia hi. January 3, 1521 ni-in, Luther
pen Rome pawlpi pan hawlkhiatna ding thukhentatna nei uh hi. Hih bangin Luther a kil-
ang pan laitakin German mi tampite in Luther lamah pang uh hi. Luther panpihte lakah
kumpi namte zong kihel hi. April 1521 kumin Worms khua ah kumpi leh makaite in Luther
thusit uh hi. “Ka thugen, ka laigelh khial ing” a ci dingin sawl uh hi. Mang lo hi. “Topa aw,
hong hehpih in, Amen. Hih in ka dinmun hi. Bangmah tawh ka laih thei kei hi” ci ziau hi.
Luther mawhna leh daanpiakna ding tuamtuam thukhenna om napi German mi tampi
leh kumpite mahmah in Luther gum ahih manin thukhenna bangin Luther tungah thu
kibawllo-in hun bei toto bilbel hi. Ahi zongin suakta takin gamta ngam lo-in buk bawl
pian hi. Kha (9) sung tua bangin, a omna ah laibu dozen khat val bang gelh in, Thuciam
Thak Greek panin German lai-in tei hi. LST (Thuciam Lui) zong a nung lamah tei hi. Martin
Luther tei LST pen German LST lakah a hoihpen hi-in German lai mahmah zong lamto hi.

Leo X in lai a nuai a bangin hawmkhia hi: “Pope omna khuapi ahi Rome ah Pe-
ter biakinn nasia takin lam ding khensatna kinei hi. Hih biakinn lamna ding sum a pia
khempeuh tungah mawhmaisakna letmat (Indulgence) a kisap dungzui-in kipia thei
ding hi cih thu kigelh hi.” Misi sate kha kikholna (Purgatory) ah gup ngah lo na sang-
gam/meltheih uh a om leh amau adingin gupkhiatna kisam hi. Tua gupkhiatna ngah kik
theihna dingin lampi khat bek om a, Pope tungtawn a mawh maisakna ahi hi. Banghang

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hiam cihleh Pasian in tua nasem dingin sathau a nilh ahi hi, ci-in lam dungte leh khua
tuamtuamte ah 1517 kumin Tetzel makaihna tawh laihawm in, dialkhai tungah laigelh
in, tangko kawikawi uha, mipi tampi takin a nungzui uh hi. Martin Luther in zong hih lai
kihawmna ngah kha a, mawh maisakna pen Pope letmat sungah om lo hi. Pasian bek
in mawh maisak thei hi, cih thukpi takin hong ngaihsun-a, mawh maisakna pen letmat
leina tawh kingah lo ding hi, ci hi.

German gam sunga om, Wittenburg khuapi biakinn thupi mahmah (Cathedral)
ah Bishop sem ahi Martin Luther in Roman Catholic pomzia, upna, kimakaihzia a thu-
maan-lohna pulaakkhiat 95 (Theses) a biakinn pua lam kong tungah Oct. 31, 1517 ni-in
suang hi. Hih Roman Catholic Pawlpi mawhsakna nam 95 te sung panin a thulian zaw
deuh ah, Pope letmat sungah mawh maisakna (Indulgence) om thei lo hi, cih thu ahi hi.
Lai tawh zong nasia takin hawmkhia a, mi tampi tak lungsim sukha mahmah hi. Arch-
Bishopte tungtawnin Pope Leo X (kumpi zong hipah) in Martin Luther gamtatna a theih
ciangin, Metitz palai dingin zanga, “Luther aw na gamtat khialhna pan kisik kik inla, Bish-
op khempeuh mai ah Rome khuapi-a, i pu Pope Leo X hoihsakna khempeuh ka sang
thei hi ci-in, tua hileh bang mah buaina omlo-in thu siangsak ding hi hang” cih thu gen-
sak hi. Ahi zongin, Luther in “Upna a nei mi in thuman tawh a kalsuan ding ahi hi” (Rom.
1:17) ci-in dawngkik a, Pope ngaihsutna tangtung sak lo hi. German kumpi makaite vai-
hawmna (Parliament Hall) ah thukhenna thuak dingin sam uha, lau het lo in Luther zong
vapai lel hi. Pope aitang in thukhenmang Alexander in thugen a, mawhsakna sangpen
(Thahding) tawh thukhen dingin Pope in thupia himahleh, tua bang liang in ahih sam kei
hi. Suanginn thong sungah khum uh hi. Hi bang hun sungin, bishop tampite leh laithei
tampite in Roman Catholic Pawlpi thanemna hong mukhia uha, pawlpi thak kipat khiat
ding hoih penpen hi, cih khanlawhna hong om hi. Roman Catholic Pawlpi panin paikhia
hileng, bangci bangin kalsuan ding cih kipuahphatna (Reformation) hunpi sung hong
suak hi. Luther ahih leh kum 63 a cin kum (1546) ciangin si-a, Bishop a sepna biakinn, Ro-
man Catholic maan lo hi ci-in a pulaakkhiat nam 95 a suanna biakinn pulpit nuai ngiat
ah vui uh hi.

Luther pen Methodist, Wesleyian te hong piankhiatna pupi zong ahi hi. Luther’
nung a zuite in Roman Catholic panin paikhia takpi uha, upna guipi a nuai a bangin
puahpha uh hi: (Gupna ngahna dingin upna bek kisam hi (Sola fide), Thu-umte in LST
genna tungtawn bek in nungta ding hi (Sola Scriptura), Mawh maisakna pen Pasian bek
in pia thei hi (Indulgence thu manlo), A nungzuite pawlkhat Jesuh min tawh kituiphum
uh hi, ahi zongin, Trinity upna hong zom veve uh hi. Germany gamah a upa mahmah LST
amau tualkam tawh a kiletkhia ngei LST nei uh hi. Martin Luther in LST a letkhiat ma-in
German pau in LST nei khin uh hi. Tua LST pen Johannes Mentelin in Strasburg ah 1466 ku-
min a khetkhiat ahi hi. German pau tawh LST a kikhen khia masa penpen hipah hi. Hih LST
Martin Luther in a teikhiat masiah, 14 vei kipuahpha hi. Archbishop of Mainz in 1486 kumin
thupiakna a om lo LSTte leh pilna laibu khempeuh khaktan dingin thupiakna bawl hi. A
diakdiak in German pau tawh LST khetkhiat ding khaktan hi. German pau leh Greek pau a
thei lo peuh mahin LST letkhiat ding hi thei lo ci hi. Numei leh pasal mipite LST thei om vet

292 | PUAHPHATE LEH LAISIANGTHO THU

lo hi. German humanist, Geiler of Kaysersberg bangin German pau tawh LST khetkhiat
ding hoih sa lo sawnsawn hi. German gamah hi bang LST letkhiat ding kiphal loh laitakin
mipil mahmah Martin Luther hong khangkhia hi. Luther in LST thumanna thei-in LST gen
bangin a nungta hi-a, Pasian zahtak, a hanciam mi, a citak, a pil Khasiangtho tawh a
kidim mi khat ahi hi. 1522 kumin tangthu ah a mangmawh ding mipi adingin na lianpi
hong semkhia hi. Erasmus in 1516 kumin Greek kam tawh a teikhiat Thuciam Thak pen
German pau tawh hong teikhia hi. Latin pau tawh a kitei Thuciam Thak sangin hoihzaw
tham kisa hi. German mite in pawlpi, sanginn leh inn sungah hih Martin Luther letkhiat
zang kim uh hi. Namdangte pau tawh LST kiletkhia ta ahih manin laibu neuno hong hi-
nawnlo hi. Nisimin kampau in kizangin zaknop kisa mahmah hi. Luther in inn nupite, lampi
dung naupangte, vanzuakna a numei leh pasalte, sa zuakna leh sumbuk vanzuaknate
kihona ah na lianpi a sepsak ahih lam za kiaukiau hi. Luther in Thuciam Thak a tei pen a
vekpi-in amah bekin endik sem hi.

Halle khuapi sungah Protestant pawlpi laibusaal masa penpen khat om a, Mark-
tkirche ah Marienbibliothek laibusaal 1552 kumin kiphut hi. Martin Luther hangin Prot-
estant sangte leh laibusaalte hong kiphuankhia in Christian pilna hong khangkhia hi.
Germany gam ah puahphatna maantaktak hong om a, puahphate in LST baih lamin a
kiciatna leh a kipna hong sim thei ta uh hi. Amau leh amau in LST hong sim thei uha, a
lawmte tung leh a innkuanpihte tung uah siampite tungah phalna nget kul nawnlo-in
LST hong sim thei zihziah ta uh hi. Thuciam Thak a kitei khit ciangin Piancilna panin Sol-
omon La ciang (1523- 1524) kumin man a, Kamsang laibute 1532 kumin hong zo hi. Thu-
ciam Lui vekpi-in Hebbrew panin tei hi. LST buppi- Biblia, das ist: die gantze Heilige Schrif
Deudsch 1534 kumin hong khenkhia hi. Martin Luther in Eramus’ Thuciam Thak pan a tei
ahih hangin a vekpi-in Hebrew leh Greek LST kigelh cilna siksan in a tei ahi hi. Khaktanna
leh bawlsiatna a om hangin, a sawt lo-in LST 16 vei bang ki-endik in 50 vei bang kikhen
khia kikkik hi. Ahih hangin a vekpi-in thupiakna (Authorized) bel hi khin lo hi. Mipite pen
Pasian kammal LST kitei nadingin hong khanglo uh ahih manin amau pianpih pau tawh
teikhiat ding hamciam tek uh hi. Luther LST letkhiat in a khial om kawmkawm ahih manin
kiphunsan mah leh khawl tuan lo-in LST letkhia hi.

Martin Luther in a khialhna a omte puahpha kik a, a kitel zolote leh a kitukalh kam-
mal leh laigualhziate puah in zuun toto hi. Luther in a dam sungin LST buppi a teikhiat pen
5 vei bang endik in puahpha hi. A puahphat nunung pen ama sih ma kum khat lai 1545
kumin zo siang hi. Hih Luther in a puah na nung pen LST teisawnte in siksanpi-in a neih
mahmah uh LST hong suak hi. Luther’ LST teikhiat bute in Europe gam khempeuh kantan
in kizel zo hi. Thuciam Thak German pau tawh hong teikhiat a thulu, “Das Newe Testament
Delitzsch” October, 1522 kumin kikhen khia hi. Bu 250000 Europe gam bup ah kihawmkhia
hi. Thuciam Thak bu 3000, 4000 1522 kum mah in December kha sungin kikhawng thei
hi. Tua khit ciangin etphatkikna kinei in kihawmkhia leuleu hi. 1533 kum mateng, Martin
Luther’ Thuciam Thak German pau tawh 83 vei puahphatna kinei in kikhen khia hi. Ama
LST 1534 kum panin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak German pau tawh a ki-endik, 11 veina
kikhen khia hi. Kum 1546 mateng ama nuntak sung teng kipuahpha hi. Luther’ a dam

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lai-in a LST etkikna leh puahphatna a neih hunin 1534, 1535, 1536, 1539, 1541, 1545, leh 1546
kumte in LST kikhenkhia ahi hi. Wittenberg khua sung bekbek ah 60 sangin a tawmzaw lo,
German LST puahphatna kinei hi. Kum 1546 leh 1600 kum kikaal in bu 2,000 val kibawlkhia
hi.

Luther Laisiangtho Pan Kiteite

Luther LST in nam dang pau tawh a kitei ma-in Latin LST kizang khawm hi. Tua
bangin Latin LST a kizat khop hangin Vulgate hi lo hi. Erasmus Latin Text kizangzaw hi.
Erasmus Thuciam Thak a kikhen khia masa pen Latin Vulgate, Greek, tua ciang Greek
siksanin a tei Latin Text ahi hi. Erasmus’ LST teikhiat column 3 a pha pen leh German pau
tawh Luther tei in kinai mahmah hi. Tua bang ahih zenzen hangin LST thumaanna panin
upna pialna dingin teikhialhna a om cih bang hituan lo hi.

Dutch Laisiangtho

Dutch pau in a kitei LST pen Luther LST siksan in a kitei ahi hi. 1558 kumin Emden ah
Nicolaes Biestkens van Diest in khenkhia hi. 1560 kum ciangin khen kik leuleu hi. Hih Dutch
pau tawh a kitei Luther LST in a masa penpen a taang tawh a kiteikhia Dutch LST ahi hi. A
zom ah Biestkens LST hi-a, kum zalom 18 AD sungin kitei ahi hi. Europe leh North America
gamte ah Baptistte, Mennonitete leh Lutherante in limzat mahmah uh hi.

Danish Laisiangtho

Luther LST pen Scandinavian gamte ah kilim teikhiat mahmah hi. Denmark leh
Swedente in 1380-1814 kum sung kipumkhat lai uh hi. Danish pau pen taangpau in zang
khawm thei uh hi. Norwegiante pau tawh zong kibang hi. 1524 kumin Danish pau tawh
Thuciam Thak Hans Mikkelsen in Leipzig khuapi ah hong khenkhia hi. German pau leh
Danish kihel kawmkawm khat ahi hi. Tua khit ciangin 1529-1532 kum sungin Christen Ped-
ersen in Antwerp ah a hoihzaw LST hong khenkhia hi. Danish puahphapa Hans Tausen in
Piancilna- Thuhilhkikna sung Luther’ LST panin a tei sawn LST 1535 kumin Magdeburg ah
khenkhia hi. Danish pau tawh LST buppi Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak a masa penpen
1550 kumin Copenhagen ah kikhen khia hi. Luther’ LST bang danin a kitei sawn khat hi-a,
1589 kum ciangin a thak puahpha to uha, 1633 kumin kikhen khia leuleu hi. A tawpna ah
1607 kum ciangin Hans Paulsen Resen in Hebrews leh Greek panin teikhia hi. 1647 kumin
kipuahpha kik hi. Sweden leh Denmark hong kiphelkhap khit nungah kum 40 sung bang
zang lai uh hi.

Swedish Laisiangtho

Gustav Vasa in 1523 kumin Swedente kumpi hong suak hi. Roman Catholic upna
pen Protestantte upna a suah ding kha lau hi. Swedish pau tawh LST tei ding hong lung-
gulh hi. Archbishop Johannes Magni of Uppsala tungah Thuciam Thak a teikhia dingin
huhna ngen hi. Bishop khat ahi, Han Brask of Linkoping in Roman Catholic upna ngaat
takin a zui khat hi-a, Hans Brask in nungzui Paul’ laikhakte in mi khempeuh in a theih
sangin haltum ding hi ci-in vauna tangtko khia hi. LST khat bek cih upna nei ahih manin

294 | PUAHPHATE LEH LAISIANGTHO THU

a kiteisawn ding phal lo ahi hi. Tua bangin Satan in a sawltakte a zat hangin, Pasian in
ama silate zangin LST hong kiteikhia veve hi. Swedish pau tawh Thuciam Thak Luther’ LST
panin Laurentius Andreae leh Olaus Petri te in hong tei uha, Stockholm khuapi ah 1526
kumin hong khenkhia uh hi. LST buppi Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak, Luther’ LST siksan in
Lars Petri, Olaus sanggampa in 1540-1541 kumin hong khenkhia hi. Petrite unau in Luther
leh Melanchthon Wittenberg ah lai a sin laitak un, kimu kha uh hi. Olaus in Laurentius
Andreae’ Catholic upna panin hong piangthak khit nungah a zat tel mahmah mipil khat
hong suak hi. Olaus leh Laurentius te nih pen 1540 kumin sihdan kipia hi. Bang hangin
sihdan kipia cih a hang kithei lo hi. Ahi zongin sum tampi tawh a thum uh ciangin kisua-
ktasak kik hi. Kumpi Gustav Vasa ngetna tawh a kitei LST pen Sweden LST kici a, pawlpite
ah sawtpitak mah zang hi.

Finnish Laisiangtho

Mikael Agricola in Thuciam Thak bu a masa lam pawlkhat Finnish pau in LST
teikhia hi. Agricola pen “Finnishte’ Lai Zuapa” (Father of Literary Finnish) kici hi. Germany
gamah 1536-1539 kum kikaal lai sin in, a om sungin LST na teikhia hi. 1548 kumin hong
man ciangin Thuciam Thak hong khenkhia hi. Thuciam Lui zong khenkhat hong tei hi.
Mikael Agricola in a LST teite siksan in a zatte in Martin Luther LST, Latin Vulgate, Erasmus’
Greek leh Latin Thuciam Thak leh 1541 kum a, kumpi Gustav Vasa’ LSTte ahi hi. LST buppi
Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak 1642 kumin Bishop–Led Evangelical Lutheran Committee
makaihna tawh kikhen khia hi. 1683-1685 kum sungin puahphatna nei kik uh hi. Hih a kitei
LST pen “Old Church Bible” ci-in min pia uh hi.

John Calvin

Piantit (French) mi khat hi-a, July 10, 1509 kumin suak hi. A pa pen upadi thei mi
(Lawyer) khat leh mihau mahmah khat ahi hi. A pa pen Bishopte thuzekpi huh (secre-
tary) khat ahih manin Calvin pen siampite omna ah kha thei zel hi. Calvin hong khangc-
ing toh ciangin upadi (Laws), Greek leh Latin laite zong hong sinto ahih manin laisiam
mahmah mi khat hong suak hi. A lawmpa Nicholas pen Roman Catholic pawlpi panin a
taikhia khat na hi-in, a lawmpa tungtawn in Roman Catholic pawlpi lungsim a neihsate
damdam in veng a, Protestant lungsim khauh takin hong vomto hi. A tenna Piantit gam
ah Roman Catholic pawlpi in Protestantte (Pawl taikhiate) nak bawlsiat lua ahih manin,
Geneva khuapi ah hong galtai hi. Protestant mi khat a sang kahpih ngei Farel tawh hong
kimu kha uha, pawlpi phungpi puahphatna ding na hong semkhawm thei uh hi. Hih khu-
api ah zong Sacrament (nek khawm) vai tawh kisai thu buai nasiatakin hong om ahih
manin hih thu hangin Calvin leh a lawmpa in hawlkhiatna hong thuak uh hi.

Kha khat khit ciangin, a lawmpa Farel in lawm aw, bangbang ahi zongin ei hong
lunggulh hih Geneva khuapi sungah tam mahmah a, i nasep zong laklawh ahih manin
kilehkik hoh ni ci-in zawn hi. A ngaihsutna ah Calvin in, 1536 kum lai-in Pasian in hih khua
ah nasem dingin hong sam ngei mah hi cih hong phawk kik hi. 1541 kum Septemter kha
in Geneva ah kilehkik a, pawlpi kimakaihzia ding, doctrine tuamtuamte, laibu tampi, LST

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Sang thupitak cih bang in na-lianpi hong sem hi. Geneva khuapi pen Protestant khuapi
bang kici liangin, a zawdeuh in Presbyterian pawlpi upna leh kalsuanna dingin a pupi uh
John Calvin hong suak hi. Calvin upna bulpite (Doctrines) in “TULIP” (Tui paalpaak) tawh
na ciamteh hi.

• T (Total depravity): Mi khempeuh mimawh taktak (Kisia cip) ahi hi.
• U (Unconditional Election): Tehpih theih loh hong kiteelna (Gupngah mite sehk-

holhsa hi).

• L (Limited Atonement): Tatkhiatna in kiciangtan hi (Piangthakte ading bek in

Khazih si hi).

• I (Irresistable Grace): Pasian hehpihna in nial zawh nam a hi kei hi
• P (Perseverance of the Saints): Misiangte kepbit ahi uh hi (Gupna kitan thei lo).

Calvin in Roman Catholic pawlpite thuman lo hi ci-in, a langpan hangin Tothum
Pasian (Trinity) tawh kisai in langpan sam lo hi. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin leh Roman Catho-
lic pawlpite’ ngaihsutna ah Topa’ annek pawi (Sacramento) thu tawh kisai in a pomzia
uh kibang kim lo hi. John Calvin in Hebrew lai a thei mahmah khat hi-a, Pierre Robert
Olivetan tawh French LST khenkhia uh hi. Hih amau puahphat LST in a masa pen French
LST bel hi lo hi. French LST a teikhia masa pen in Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples hi-a, 1523 ku-
min Entwerp ah Thuciam Thak khenkhia hi. 1528 kumin Thuciam Lui khenkhia a, 1530 ku-
min LST buppi zo hi. Hih LST in a siksan bulpi pen Latin Vulgate pan ahi hi. Ahi zongin Pierre
Robert Olivetan in 1535 kumin puahpha kik hi.

Olivétan in Hebrew leh Greek (Textus Receptus) zangin puahpha-a, hilhcianna
zong thuah hi. Hih LST bu thupatna ah Latin pau in Calvin in laigelhsak hi. Neuchatel,
Switzerland ah LST kikhen khia hi. 1540 kumin Calvin in LST ama puahphat pen Geneva ah
khenkhia hi. French LST a dang tampi zong kikhen khia hi. Ahi zongin French LST tangthu
ah a thupipenpen in 1553 kumin Robert Stephen in a khetkhiat LST ahi hi. Robert Stephen
pen Thuciam Thak LST a lian (Chapter) leh a neu (Verse) hong bawlkhiapa ahi hi. Calvin
nungzui Teodore Beza in puahpha in 1553 kumin khenkik hi. Hih Olivétan-Calvin-Beza
LSTte enphakik in David Martin in puahpha kik hi.

EUROPE GAM PUAHPHA DANGTE LEH LAISIANGTHO

Italian Laisiangtho

Giovanni Diodati (1576–1649) in Italian pau tawh Hebrew leh Greek panin LST
teikhia masa penpen hi-a, ama khan sungin thugen siam minthang khat zong ahi hi. A
innkuan un Switzerland gam ah Protestant galtai gambeel in a om sung un, Geneva ah
amah piang hi. Amah leh amah Italian mi khat (Di nation lucchese) in kingaihsun hi.

Giovanni Diodati in Genevan Academy ah 1596 kumin tan sawm sang zo hi. Kum
21 a phak in hih sangah Hebrew sangsia dingin teel cing ahihna Teodore Beza in pulaak
hi. 1608 kumin Pastor sem hi. A kum kik ciangin Beza panmun luah in theology sia sem hi.
1618-1619 kum sungin Synod of Dort kah in, Canons of Dort bawl dingin mi 6 a kiteng khi-
atna lakah khat in kihel hi. 1645 kumin Giovanni Diodati in sangsia a sepna panin tawlnga

296 | PUAHPHATE LEH LAISIANGTHO THU

hi. 3 October, 1649 kumin Geneva ah a leitung nuntakna hong bei hi. Giovanni Diodati in
a sepkhiat a minthang pih mahmah khat in 1603 kumin Italian pau tawh LST a teikhiat
pen ahi hi. 1607 kumin puahpha kik hi. A sepkhiat a dangte in 1607 kumin “Annotationes
in Biblia” leh Mikangpau tawh letkhiat “Pious & Learned Annotations upon the Holy Bible”
hi-a, 1648 kumin London ah khenkhia hi.

Dutch Laisiangtho

Dutch Protestant upna pen Lutherans, Mennonites leh Reformedte in huzap zo khin
ahih manin LST Version tampi hong piangkhia hi. Lutherante in Dutch LST a masa pen ahi,
“Biestken’ Laisiangtho” nei uh hi. Kipuahpha kik in, Mennonites te leh Baptistte in zong hih
“Biestken’ Laisiangtho” zang uh hi. Reformed pawlpite in LST khat nei uha, “Zwingli’ Zurich
Laisiangtho” siksanin 1548-1549 kumin endik kik uha, Luther’ LST leh a dang LSTte tawh
etkaak lo-in puahpha uh hi. 1594 kumin gam makaipa (State General) in hih LST puah-
phat dingin khentatna nei hi. Hih LST minin “Staatenbibel” ahk “Staatenvertaaling” kici
hi. Hih LST hong puahphat uh ciangin Dutch laigelh minthang gam makai khat leh ‘Het
Wilhelmus’ Dutch mite gam Lapi phuakpa ahi, Philips van Marnix, makai hi.

Filips van Marnix in Brussels ah 1540 kumin suak a, December 1598 kumin Leiden
khua ah si hi. Philips van Marnix in Calvin leh Bezate tawh Geneva ah theology sin
khawm uh hi. Tua khit ciangin 1560 kumin Netherlands ah ciah hi. 1572 kumin a masa
pen “States-General Assembly” kikhopna ah a siapa William, Price of Orange ai-awh in
taangmi hong sem hi. Marnix a sih ma diak kum 2 lai-in a lawmpa tungah amah tektek
teikhiat LST thak khat 1596 kumin apna nei hi. Tua LST Synod of Dort in hoihtakin etphatsak
kik hi. A tawpna ah 1632 kumin hong zo siang thei uh hi. 1635 kum dong hoihtakin puah-
phatna zom toto uh hi. 1636 kumin hilhcianna om lo-in khenkhia uh hi. Ahi zongin July,
1637 mateng hawmkhia lo uh hi. A tawpna ah, Mikang Authorized LST tawh enkaak uha,
leitungah a kikhawng mahmah “Staatenvertaaling” (LST) hong suak hi.

Spanish Laisiangtho

Kum zalom 15 lai pawl in Castilian khutgelh Thuciam Lui Version khat Jew tuuc-
ingte bawl khat om hi. Jewte leh Spainte kizop mahmah na nei uh hi. Spain gamah Jewte
tampi tak teengin khuasa uh hi. Hebrew LST panin kitei hi-a, Hebrew Canon bangin a
banban in Thuciam Lui laibute kikhum hi. Spanish pau tawh a kiteikhia masa pen LST pen
Thuciam Thak hi-a, Francis of Enzinas in 1543 kumin Antwerp khua panin a teikhiat ahi
hi. Francisco de Enzinas (1518–1552) in protestant mipil, lailetkhia leh laibu gelh minthang
mahmah khat ahi hi. October 1541 kumin Francis of Enzinas in Wittenberg khuapi ah Mel-
anchthon tawh laisin khawm uh hi. Tua sangah, a kah sungin Thuciam Thak Spain pau
tawh a teikhiat hong zo siang hi. Hih a tei LST in LST teisawnte adingin huzapna nei zo in
a hoih khat ahi hi. Reina Valera Version zong a huzap zo LST hi-a, Protestant Spanish pau
tawh a kiteikhia LST ah a hoih khia mahmah LST khat in kiciamteh hi. 1553 kumin “Ferrara
Laisiangtho Version” khat hong piangkhia hi. Ladino (Hebrew-Spanish) Ferrara LST in He-
brew LST panin kiteikhia hi-a, tulaitak a i Thuciam Lui tawh kibang hi.

PUAHPHATE LEH LAISIANGTHO THU | 297

Hih LST pen Hebrew tawh kinai mahmah a, Ladino pau tawh kigelh lo-in Latin
laimal tawh kigelh in Ladino awkaih tawh kiciamteh hi. Ladino-Ferrara cihpen Jew mi,
Spain pau zangte LST ahi hi. Hih thu i genna a hangin Casiodoro de Reina in Ferrara LST
siksanin zangin Spain pau tawh LST teisawnna a neih man ahi hi. Casiodoro de Reina in
1520 kumin Badajoz khawk sungah piang hi. A khangno cil a kipanin LST a kankhia khat
ahi hi. 1557 kumin St. Isidore, Seville phungzi sangah kah hi. Ahi zongin hih hunin Lutheran
upna hong pom thei-in Protestant hong suak hi. Casiodoro de Reina leh a dang phungzi
pawlkhat Protestant upna sang uh hi cih muan mawhna a om ciangin thusit ding ut lo-
in, John Calvin omna Geneva ah gambeel in hong tai uh hi. 1558 kum ciangin Casiodoro
de Reina in Geneva khuapi in Rome khua thak suak hi ci-in London ah lal kik hi.

Tua lai ah Spanish Protestant gambeelte kiangah pastor hong sem hi. Kumpi Phil-
ip II na pa a sinso tawmin, April, 1562 kum ciangin Seville ah thusitna nei-in Casiodoro de
Reina lim kici khempeuh kihaltumsak hi. Laibu tawh kisai a sepkhiatte kikhaktansak in,
amah zong upna lampialsak makaipa kici-in ngawhna om hi. London, Antwerp, Frank-
furt, Orleans leh Bergeracte ah gambeel in a om sungin Casiodoro de Reina in Spanish
pau tawh LST teikhiat hong kipan hi. LST teikhiat hong kipat ciangin siksan bulpi tampi
zangin hong tei hi. Tua siksanin a zat LST bulpite in “Ferrara LST, Masoretic Text, Old Latin,
Textus Receptus of Erasmus leh Francisco de Enzinas’ LSTte” ahi hi. Casiodoro de Reina
in Spain pau tawh a teikhiat LST pen 1569 kumin Geneva ah kikhen khia hi. 1594 kumin
Frankfurt am Main ah si hi. Ciprianano de Valera (1532-1600) in Fregenal de la Sierra khua,
Seville tawh kinai munah a piang ahi hi. Ahi zongin Queen Elizabeth I uk hun sung tengin
England pan gambeel in taisim in om hi. Reina’ Spanish LST tampi a masa penin hong
puahpha hi. 1602 kumin hih LST hong khenkhia a, tuni dongin a kizang LST hong suak a,
“Reina-Valera LST” kici hi. Valera in Spanish pau tawh “Calvin’s Institutes” puahpha hi.
1559 kum panin University of Cambridge ah laihilhsia sem hi. 1560 kum ciangin Magda-
lene College, Cambridge ah zong laihilh hi.

Hungarians Laisiangtho

LST khutgelh khenkhat Franciscan phungzite in kem hi. John Huss nungzuite in a
zat LST hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Hungarian pau (Magyar) tawh LST a kikhen khia masa
pen in Paul’ laikhakte hi-a, Latin Vulgate panin kitei ahi hi. Poland ah 1533 kumin kikhen
khia hi. Tua khit ciangin 1541 kumin Thuciam Thak Greek panin Hungarian pau tawh
Melanchthon’ sangnaupang ahi, János Erdosi in hong teikhia leuleu hi. Hungarian mi LST
lam pilna nei a minthang mahmah khat, Gáspár Károli (1529–1591) kici pa hong khangkh-
ia leuleu hi. Gáspár Károli in Halle leh Wittenberg Academy te ah 1556 kum panin sang
hong kah a, tua lai ah Hungaryte lakah pastor sem hi. Calvin nungzuite lakah a kithei
mahmah khat leh a minthang mahmah mipil hong suak hi. 1586 kumin Hungarian pau
tawh LST hong teikhia hi. Hungariante pau tawh LST buppi kiteikhia masa pen hipah hi.

Hih Puahphate hun sungin LST pau nam tuamtuam tawh hong kiletkhia hi. AD
600-700 kum kikaal in pau nam 14 tawh kiletkhia in AD 800-1100 kum kikaal ah pau nam
15-16 tawh kiletkhia hi. AD 1200 kum ciangin pau nam 22 tawh LST kiletkhia in AD 1300 ku-

298 | PUAHPHATE LEH LAISIANGTHO THU

min pau nam 26 tawh LST kiletkhia hi. AD 1400 kum ciangin pau nam 30 tawh kiletkhia a,
AD 1500 kum ciangin pau nam 34 tawh LST kiletkhia hi.

Council of Trent (AD 1545-1563)

Protestant pawlpite Roman Catholic pawlpi tawh hong kikhen khiat ciangin Ro-
man Catholic pawlpite in upna tawh kisai Council kikhoppi (AD 1545-1563) kum kikaal a
hunhun in tamveipi sam uh hi. Hih Council pen Trent khuapi ah kibawl ahih manin “Coun-
cil of Trent” kici hi. Hih Council ah Roman Catholic leh Protestant pawlpite a kilamdanna
tampi kimukhia hi. Tuhun a Catholic pawlpite upna bulpi teng pen hih Council panin
hong gahkhia ahi hi. LST (Thuciam Lui) bu 39 banah Apocrypha bu 14te behlapna nei uh
hi. Tua bek thamlo-in, pawlpi’ zuih ding ngeina cih khat zong LST zah mahin thuneisak uh
hi.

Hih pawlpi zuih ding ngeinate pen nungzuite in Topa Jesuh kam pan mahmah a,
a kingah lai a kikhen khia lo, Catholic pawlpi sungah Khasiangtho in hong theihsak hi ci
uh hi. Latin Vulgate bek Catholic pawlpi-in LST in sang uh hi. LST pen mimal in mawk khiat
ding hi lo-a, pawlpi upna tawh kituak bekin kiletkhia ding hi ci uh hi. Council of Trent in
Papal thuneihna leh LST tawh kisai kizopna thu Newman leh Froude te in a genna a nuai
a bang ahi hi.

• Papal ngeina thuciin (Tradition) in LST tawh kizakim hi.
• Apocrypha bute leh LST kizakim hi.
• Latin Vulgate LST sungah khialhna kihel ngiatlo hi.
• Roman Catholic pawlpi siampite bek in LST letkhiat theih nading thuneihna nei hi.

·····0·····

18 MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

King James Version (1611)

1603 kumin Queen Elizabeth I a hong sih ciangin Scotland kumpi kum 30 bang a
sem khin, King James VI of Scotland in 1603 kumin King James I of England kumpi hong
suak hi. Kumpi tokhom hong ngah laitakin LST Version ama ukna gam England ah tampi
om hi. Ahi zongin England gam pawlpite in amau pawlpite upna leh biakna tawh kizui-
in LST letkhia uha, tua manin pawlpi mengkhia tampi hong omsak pah hi. LST Version
tampi a om hangin deih bang taktak zo nai lo hi. LST Version tampite hangin biakna
kikhenkham ahih manin King James in England gam a kipumkhatna dinga lunggulh
manin, Hampton Court ah January, 1604 kumin kimuhkhopna khawmpi (Conference)
neih dingin hong vaikhawmkhia hi. England pawlpi’ Bishopte leh Puritan siampite hong
samin biakna lamah mapan khopna dingin lunggulhna tawh thu hong kikum khawm uh
hi. Kinialna tampi hong om a, bangmah matut zawhna om lo hi.

Oxfort a om Corpus Christy College a makaipi a sem Dr.John Reynolds, Puritante
ai-awh a thugenpa in Mikang LST Version tampi a om zenzen hangin a laiteizia a kicin
zawh-lohna a om tek lam hong pulaak hi. Mikang kam tawh a kitei khin LST a tel hak om
ahih manin Version thak kitei leh a khiatna a tel hakte tel nop ding hi, cih zong ong pulaak
hi. LST (Late105:28; Late 106:30; Galatians 4:25) hih mun 3te ah kamletzia tawh kisai buaina
a om lam, tel hak a kisak lam gen hi. Hih a genna England pawlpi-in thukim pih hi. Bishop
pawlkhat in bel John Reynolds ngaihsut piakna leh a lungkim-lohnate thupi sa khol lo
uha, na tawng gawpgawp hi. Bishop Bancroft in Puritan taangmi lungkim-lohna tawh a
dawnkikna ah, “Mimal lunggulhna zui ding cileng, LST teikhiatna in bei hun nei ngeilo ding
hi,” na ci hi. A dahhuai khat ah, Hampton Court a khawmpi ah thu khentatna kician nei
zo lo uh hi. Bangmah lo-in hun hong mawk bei hi. Khentat kician a om loh zenzen hangin,
King James in LST Version thak khat bawlkhiat zawh limlim ding ama aipeng ngaihsutna

300 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

tawh lunggulh mahmah lai hi. Kumpipa vaihawmna tawh 1604 kum ciangin LST letkhia
dingin a gam sungah LST lam pilna nei mi 54 tawh Committee thak hong bawlpha uh hi.
Hih LST a teite in a letkhiatna uah zuih ding leh sepkhiat ding lamlak thukhun pawlkhat
bawl uh hi:

• Bishops’ Bible bang danin zui ding, Hebrew leh Greek LST tawh a kituak keileh

kammal kheel ding kiphal hi.

• LST dang tawh etkaakna kiphal hi (Gentehna “Tindoll’ Bible, Matthew’ Bible, Cover-

dale’ Bible, Whitchurch’ Bible, Great Bible leh Geneva Bible), hih LST etkaak dingte
pen laibu bawlna set tawh a kibawlkhia LSTte ahi hi.

• Kammal lui pawlpi zatsate kemcing ding (Gentehna, “Church” pawlpi pen “Con-

gregation” (Pawlpimite) cih tawh khel lo ding

• Laibu nawl ah ciaptehna (Marginal Notes) koih lo ding hi. Hebrew leh Greek kam-

mal lo ngal hilhcianna koih lo ding hi

• Greek Text pen Byzantine Text (Textus Receptus) pan hi dinga, Erasmus patkhiat

Stephanus leh Bezate bawlkhiatte tawh enkaak ding hi. Thuciam Lui pen Hebrew
Masoretic Text tawh etkaak ding hi. A hih hang in Masoretic Text a om khit hangin
a hoih taktak om zo nai lo hi. Thuciam Lui lailetkhia dingte pawl dawl (6) in kikhen
hi. A pawl kikhen dan uh a nuai a bang dan ahi hi.

• Thuciam Lui a kankhia ding leh a letkhia ding pawl dawlpi 3 in khen uha, hih dawl

3 te in kammal hoih pente tawh letkhia dingin khentat uh hi.

• Thuciam Thak kankhia leh letkhia ding pawl dawlpi 2 in khen uha, kammal hoih

pente tawh letkhiat dingin khentat uh hi.

• Apocrypha bute a kankhia leh letkhia ding pawl dawl 1 in khen uha, kammal hoih-

pente tawh letkhia dingin khentat uh hi.

A dawl masa pawlte in Oxford ah teikhia dinga, a dawl nihna pawlte in Cam-
bridge ah tei-uha, a dawl thumna pawlte leuleu in Westminster ah LST a teikhia dingin
a pawlpawl in kikhen uh hi. Amau pawl ciat in a zawh uh ciangin hoihtakin etphatna nei
uha, aman ciang un, a pawl dangte kiangah khak sawn in etphatkikna leh sittelna nei
uh hi. Haksatna leh lunghihmawhna, deihdan kituahlohna a om sial in a vekpi un kimuh
khopna nei den uh hi. Hih LST teikhiate pen Hebrew leh Greek lai University ah amau hun-
in laihilh siate (Professors) leh mipilte vive ahi uh hi. LST teikhiat a zawh ma un, a si zong
om a, a site midang LST lam pilna neite in laih uh hi. A kizawh siang ma-in a min uh a
kigen cian loh hangin hih LST teite mi 8 peuh mah si uh hi. A vekpi un mi 54 pha uh hi.

LST letkhiat a kipat hun uh pen 1607 kum hi-a, kum 2 leh kha 9 sung deihtakin
hanciam takin hong tei uh hi. 1609 kum ciangin kha 9 sung nisimin, John Bois, Andrew
Downes leh mipil dang 4 te in Stationers Hall, London ah group khat pan a man masa sa
na endik uh hi. Hih King James Version hong kibawlcil in a liatna 16 X 10.1/2 letmat pha in
kibawl a, Robert Barker laibu bawlna set panin a kibawl ahi hi. Laibu dan lian hong om
ciangin 1611 kumin 3 vei ki-endikpha kik in kipuahpha to zelzel hi. King James Version in

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 301

Bishop Bible panin kipuahpha to hi-a, Bishops Bible pen Great Bible kipuah phatna pan
ahi hi. Great Bible pen Coverdale’ Bible kipuahpha pen pan hi-a, a vek in William Tyndale
LST hang ahi hi. William Tyndale tung pan a kingah a gahkhiate ahi hi. A tomin cileng
Tyandale Bible a kibulphuh pen suak hi. A lian (Chapter) khen dan pawlkhat laih uh hi. LST
taang khat leh tangkhat kimeemat dimdiam (Verse Reference) zong koih uh hi.

Pawlpi tuamtuamte zat kim theih ding ngimna tawh bawl uha, LST Version hoih
mahmah hong suak hi. A kammal zatzia uh kidawmtakin zang uha, kammal hoih zangin,
a zatzia pen Geneva Bible etkaak ahi hi. 1611 kumin King James Version London panin ki-
khen khia hi-a, tua khit LST Version tampi a om hangin a kideih den pen Version khat ahi
hi. King James Version a kipuahphat hunte in 1629, 1638, 1762, and 1769, 1861, 1932 kumte
ahi hi. William Tyndale in a sih ma-in, “England kumpipa mit hong honsak in” ci-in a
thungetna hong tangtung ta hi. Hih LST bawlna tawh kisai sum bei khempeuh England
kumpi King James I in sik hi. Siksan bulpi, a laakna uhpen Thuciam Lui Complusian Poly-
glot; Antwerp Polyglot hi-a, Thuciam Thak pen Textus Receptus pan ahi hi. A malmal
(Word for word) in letkhia uha, Bishops Bible (1602) kumin a kipuahpha pen tawh etkaak
lai uh hi.

Edward Harwood’New Testament (1768)

Mimal hanciamna tawh LST a kiteikhia pawlkhat zong om ahih manin a theihhuai
pawlkhat om hi. Tuate lakah Edward Harwood’ Thuciam Thak hi-a, 1768 kumin laibu in
bawlkhia hi. Harwood in mipil mahmah khat hi-a, LST sunga kammal zatzia hoih sa lo
ahih manin Thuciam Thak hong bawlkhia ahi hi. Tua manin 1768 kumin Thuciam Thak
Mikang kam tawh hong teikhia a, a laimal zat pen ama hun a kizang Mikang pau (Upper
Class) tawh letkhia hi.

Charles Thompson’s Bible (1808)

America gam panin Mikang LST a kibawlkhia masa penpen in Charles Thomp-
son ahi hi. Scots-Irish Presbyterian, John Thompson in tanu tapa 6 a neih lakah Charles
Thompson in a 3 na ahi hi. 1739 kumin a nu in a nusiat khit ciangin Charles in a pa leh a
sanggamte 2 tawh America ah lal uh hi. A pa uh John Thompson in tui tungah a zin laitak
un a ci hong na in hong sihsan hi. Tembaw Captainpa in a luang leitang ah phumsak
lo-in tuipi tungah paihsak hi. Tua ciangin Captainpa in John Thomson’ neihsa a van
leh a sumte nangawn laksak (Confiscated) hi. Lews, Delaware tembaw khawlna a tun
uh ciangin Captainpa in a tate tuaksak in koih ziau hi. Captainpa leh Lews, Dalaware
khua a om siikseekpa kithei mahmah uh ahih manin siikseekpa kiangah kum 10 a pha
pan Charles Thomson ap hi. Zan khat, Charles pen sila in zuakik dingin siikseekpa in a
lei dingte tawh a kihona za kha hi. Tua ciangin Charles manlang takin hong taikhia pah
hi. Lampi a tun ciangin Lews, Dalawar khua mi numei lungsim hoih khat tawh kituak kha
hi. Nupi nu in koilai pai ding na hiam? Ka kiangah hong tu in ton khawm ni ci hi. Saupi
tonkhawm uha, nupi nu in Charles nang bang ut na hiam? ci-in dong hi. Charles in mipil
khat ka suak nuam hi ci-in dawng hi. Nupi nu in Charles dawnna lungkim mahmah a,

302 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

a inn ah ciahpih in sangkahsak hi. Amah pen a sangkahna ah lai pil mahmah hi. 1743
kum ciangin New London, Chester County, Pennsylvania ah sangkahna ding huhna ngah
ahih manin Reverend Francis Alions’ sangah hong lut zo hi. Allison in Edinburgh University
panin pilna sangpi zo hi. Charles Thompson in mipil thupi a suah dong Allison in pan-
pih hi. 1740 kum ciangin Charles Thompson in ama neihsa huan (John Chambers) New
Castle County, Delaware ah sang khat hong phuan hi. 1750 kum ciangin Thompson in
Philadelphia ah hong lal hi. Tua khua ah Benjamin Franklin in sang thak a phuh “Phila-
delphia Academy” ah Latin lai leh Greek lai hilh sia (Tutor) hong sem hi. Hih “Philadelphia
Academy” in a nung ciangin “University of Pennsylvania” hong suak hi.

1755 kum ciangin Philadelphia a, “Friends’ Public School” ah Latin laihilh siapi
(Head Tutor) hong ngah hi. Hih Friend Society tungtawnin Delaware ukna nuai a om India
minamte tawh kilemna bawlna ah Thompson zong kihel hi. 1772 kum ciangin Philadel-
phia khua ah East India Company huutna ah America nam it makai minthang khat hong
suak hi. Hih hun pan kipanin, gamvai (Political) tawh kisai na hong semto hi. Secretary
of the Continental Congress dingin teel cing hong ngah hi. Gamvai ah a nasep nunung
in Mt.Vernon ah George Washington in USA makaipi dingin teel cing ahih manin suai
a kaihpih dingin khualzin zel hi. Mihon tawh kithuah nasep (Public Service) hong khawl
ciangin, a zi tawh nuam takin kum 35 sung hong kikhawl khawm thei lai uh hi. Tua hun
sungin LST etphatkikna leh Version thak khat hong bawlkhiat zawh na’ng hong hanciam
hi. Hih hunin Septuagint (LXX) Mikang kam tawh a kiletkhia om nai lo hi. Tua ahih manin
Charles Thompson’ in a geelna bulpi khat in Septuagint (LXX) panin Mikang kam tawh
LST letkhiat ding ahi hi. Septuagint (LXX) panin LST a teikhiatte in “Westminster Confes-
sion’s Canon” sunga kihelte bek ahi hi. Apocrypha bu khempeuh aman letkhia lo hi. Thu-
ciam Lui bute pen King James Version danin gual paisak hi.

Thompson kiangah Textus Receptus (Byzantine Text zong kici), hih Greek khutgel-
hlai om hi. Tua ahih manin, Thuciam Thak khutgelh muanhuai a sak “Textus Receptus”
etkaak in zang hi. 1808-1809 kumin Philadelphia panin ama LST bawlkhia hi. Laibu bawlna
set nei pen Jane Aitken ahi hi. Tua hunin America gam ah laibu bawlna set a nei nu-
mei tawm mahmah kawm kaal ah, Jane Aitken in LST bawlkhiatna set a zangkhia masa
penpen numei khat ahi hi. Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak a bup in volume 4 phasak hi.
Thuciam Lui volume 3 suah in Thuciam Thak buppi volume 1 suah hi. LST lam pilna neite
in Thompson’ LST pakta mahmah uha, ahi zong siksan in zang ngeilo uh hi. Sumtha hat
khol lo ahih manin khawng mel lo hi. A khot zawh lohte hoih takin kikem hi. A lawmnu a sih
khit ciangin Gospel bute bawlkhia hi. Bu khat leh bu khat kihual mahmah hi. LST lampil-
na neite in a thupisakna uh a hangin ama nasepzia in hoih (Quality) nei mahmah hi.
Thompson’ LST in Britain, London ah 1904 kumin kikhen khia kik a, Colorado, United States
ah 1954 kumin khatvei kikhen khia hi.

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 303

Noah Webster’ Bible (1833)

Amah pen American lexicographer leh philologist khat ahi hi. Ama laibu bawl
khat ahi, “Dictionary of the English Language” minthang mahmah hi. 1829 kumin King
James Bible nasia takin etphatkik dingin a lunggulh mahmah khat ahi hi. Noah Webster
in King James LST thupi sa in hoih sa mahmah hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom 2 bang kanto ta
ahih manin Mikang laipaizia tawh kheel nuam hi. Ama puahphat King James Version a
sim dingte thuhilh masakna ah laimal 150 teng khia a, tua laimalte in ama hun a laisim
mite lampialpih laimal ci hi. Laimal khiatzia pen thupisak mahmah hi. Laimal a thupitsak
zah khat in Webster in LST kammal i thupitsak kei leh i biakna in gal hau ding hi ci hi. 1833
kumin a masa penpen LST bawlkhia hi. Hun khat sung, hih Webster’s Bible (Webster’ LST)
in America gam a om Congregational pawlpite in LST in zang uh hi. 1841 kumin a nihveina
LST puahphatna kibawlkhia leuleu hi. A thumveina Thuciam Thak, 1838, 1840, 1841 kumte
in kibawlkhia leuleu hi. 1833 kum a, Noah Webster’ LST pen 1987 kum ciangin, “Baker Book
House” in enphakik in khenkhia leuleu hi.

Julia E. Smith’Bible (1876)

Julia Evelina Smith (1792-1878) in Mikang kam tawh LST a letkhia masa penpen
numei khat ahi hi. Amah pen a innkuan sung panin a lamdang deuh numei ahi hi. A pa
min in Zephaniah Holister Smith hi-a, Yale College panin sang manin, thuhilhsia, Doctor
leh sitni sem khat ahi hi. A nu min pen Hannah Hadassah Hickok hi-a, kampau lam pil-
na nei (Linguist), vantungaksite thu a thei (Astronomer), laphuak-lagelh (Poet) leh lokho
gina nupi khat ahi hi. Zephaniah leh Hannahte in ta numei 5 nei uh hi. Hih nupate in tanu
5 a neihna sung panin Julia pen a 4 na ahi hi. Amau khang sungin numei a piang khate
in numeite mailam ah zat theih pah dingin pilna a kithupisak hun ahi hi. A bulpi (Rudi-
mentary) a sin uh lai pen “Laisim leh laigelh, music, phim tawh puankhui nam” cihte a
kitangsam nate kisinsak hi. Hih bang hunin Zephaniah leh Hanna in muhzia lamdang
mahmah khat nei uh hi. A tanute uh pilna sang penpen a ngahsak zawh nading un, tapa
a neih loh uh hangin tapate a kideihsak bangin pilna lampi zonsak uh hi. A tate uh adin-
gin pilna thuthukte, tangthute, ganaante leh kampaute nasia takin sinsak uh hi. A tanu
upen Norwich, Connecticut, pasal sangah numei zong a kah thei veve sang khat ah Pilna
Sawm (Boarder) ah kha hi. A nung lam ciangin a sanggamnute tawh Litchfield Academy
ah kahsak khawm uh hi. Hih bangin hong khantoh tak uh ciangin amau omna ah pilna
hong sin thei nawnlo uh hi. A pilna uh zong hong tangzai mahmah ta hi.

Khua khal sung khat in, Julia leh a naunu Abby, French innkuan khat tawh inn
teng dingin New Haven ah kipaisak hi. Tua lai ah amau leh amau hanciam in lai kanin sin
tawm uha, a u nu Julia in a naunu Abby lai hong hilh thei hi. 1813 kumin kum 21 a pha Julia
in a naunu, Abby kum 16 a pha, tungah Latin lai hilh thei hi. 1816 kum ciangin a pa in a
leisak Greek lai, Greek Grammar bu amah leh amah in sim thei hi. 1836 kumin Zephaniah
hong sih ciangin, Hannah leh a tanu 5 te a innkuan un Glastonbury, Connecticut, ah tai
uh hi. A lo pan un, a ngah mehteh mehgahte hong zuak in tua tawh sum lut hong ngah
uh hi. A pa a sih khit ciangin Jualia Smith in William Miller, Baptist thugenpa tawh hong

304 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

kituak kha hi. William Miller in kum 1000 manna thu, mailam thu leh leitung hun bei dinga
nai mahmah na thu gen hi. 1843 kumin Christ hong pai kik hun ding Miller in na seh hi.
1842 kumin vantung ah khazau (Comet) tang mahmah mu uh ahih manin a nungzuite
in a thugen um in muang mahmah uh hi. Miller in King James Version siksan in mailam
thupiang dingte a genkhol hi. William Miller gen bangin leitung hun hong bei loh ciangin
Julia E. Smith in Miller’ hun tuatzia kan khia kik hi. William Miller zat LST King James Version
in khialhna nei ahi kha tam maw ci-in hong ngaihsun hi. Tua ciangin Latin leh Greek san-
gah a sin sa ahih manin Greek panin Thuciam Thak hong letkhia hi. Tua ciangin Thuciam
Lui Septuagint (LXX) panin hong letkhia leuleu hi. Kum 55 a phak ciangin, Julia E. Smith
in Hebrew lai sin hong kipan hi. A kipat kum a kipan kum 8 (1847-1855) sung nasia takin
ahih theih zahin Hebrew sin hi. Hih hun sungin LST buppi khut in a gelhte, khut a tawi theih
dingin laibu in khui hi. A letkhiat khempeuh khutgelhlai laimai 10000 val pha hi.

1855 kumin LST 5 vei letkhia hi. Thuciam Lui Greek Septuagint (LXX) leh Greek Thu-
ciam Thak panin Mangkam tawh 2 vei letkhia hi. Thuciam Lui Herbrew panin Mangkam
tawh 2 vei mah letkhia hi. Latin Vulgate panin 1 vei Mangkam tawh letkhia hi. A letkhiat
vekpi-in LST kigelh cilna pau bulpite mah zangin letkhia hi. A letkhiat LSTte bawlkhiat ding
ngaihsun ngeilo hi. Ahi zongin buaina tuamtuam hangin hong peikhia zaw behlap hi.
Glastonbury in sum lam haksat buaina hong phukha hi. Tua ahih manin Julia E. Smith in
a zah nih siah (Double-billed the Taxes) a lo pan in pia kha hi. Tua ciang khua makaite in
Julia E.Smithte innkuan pasal om lo numei bek ahih manin kumpi zum (Court) ah thunei
leng, hih numeite in bang mah hong cih zo lo ding hi cih tawh zum tun uh hi.

Khua makaite khialh gamtat kha uh hi. Zum ah thumvei vilvel kitun uha bangmah
cih zo tuan lo uh hi. Haksatna a tuah uh hangin a sanggamnute in numeite pilna hong
kitheihsak nadingin Julia E. Smith letkhiat LST khenkhia ding ci-in hong khentat uh hi. 1876
kum ciangin American Publishing Company of Hartfort, Connecticut ah “The Holy Bible:
Containing the Old and New Testaments; Translated Literally from the Original Tongues”
cih tawh kibawlkhia hi. Tua hunin LST bu 1000 bawlkhiat man USA dollar 4000 bei uh hi.
Bu khat ciang $2.50 in zuak kik uh hi. A taktakin sum ngah nading laibu a bawl uh hi lo hi.
Ama ngaihsutna ah numeite zong Pasian nasepna khat ahi LST buppi letkhiatna ah zong
numeite Pasian in zang veve hi cih deihna bulpi hipen hi.

Mary Jones Leh British & Foreigners Bible Society

1794 kumin Wales gamah LST bu muh ding om khol lo hi. A om sunsun zong tampi
man a, mihaute bek in lei zo uh hi. Mary Joneste innkuan pen zawngin genthei mahmah
uha, ahih hangin tua gentheihna leh zawnnate in Mary Jones ii LST deihna khaktan zo
tuan lo hi. Ni khat, tai 2 a kigamlatna a om a meltheih mihau khat kiangah pai-in hun
tomno sung bekbek LST a kep uh sim dingin va ngen hi. “Hong lut in, kingah lua hi” ci-
in a nu un, na dawn hi. Zahtakna lianpi tawh LST koihna inn dei sungah paipih hi. Tua
khit ciangin, Mary Jones nuntak sungin a khatveina LST a sim dingin a inn khan sungah
amah bek nusia in pusuah san hi. Lungsim lawpluatna hangin a husan nawhgawp kaw-
min Mary Jones in LST kikhuhna puan hong lemkhia in a gei-a, sabuai tungah hong koih

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 305

hi. A khut ling deldel sa in LST bu golpi pen hong phen ta hi. A sawm kholh het loh in John
5 sunga, Jesuh in, LST nakpi takin na sim un, a cih thupen hong lem kha mawk hi. Sim
den nuam lua ing, LST bu a nei hileng maw! ci-in hong paukhia phial mawk hi. Tua zawh
kum 6 khit ciangin Mary Jones pen Bala khua ah Wales LST bu kizuak a lei dingin a khe
ngiat tawh tai 28 kigamlatna ah hong pai hi. A ip sungah kum 6 sunga sum khol LST leina
ding sum pua in, LST a zuak Pastor Thomas Charles inn lam zuan in hong pai hi. Pastor
pa in, “Poi mahmah hi, ka kep a omlai sun LST bute pen midangin a man ding sum hong
piak kholhsa ahi hi,” ci hi. Mary Jones in up haksa mahmah hi. “Pu aw, kum 6 sung sum
ka khol khin a, LST bu khat bekbek lei dingin tai 28 a gamlatna panin ka khe ngiat tawh
kong pai hi. Ka gim ka tawlna khempeuh a mawkna suak ding aive maw? Thuak haksa
lua ing,”ci-in hong kapkhia hi. Pastor Thomas Charles in, a khasia mahmah Mary Jones’
a kahna a muh ciangin amah zong a khitui hong luang hi. “LST na nei kha mahmah lai
ding hi” ci-in midangte’n lei dinga, sum a piak kholhsa panin khat hong piakhia hi.

Mary Jones in tua LST a-angah hong pomin lungdam lua in hong kap kik hi.
“Topa aw, ka lungdam lua! Ka lungdam lua! Ka dam sungin nisimin ka sim dinga, LST in
sem dinga, hong sawl peuhpeuh ka sem ding hi,” ci-in kam hong paukhia hi. Kum 2 khit
ciangin Pastor Thomas Charles in Mary Jones thu a pawlpi makaite kiangah hong gen
hi. Pawlpi makaite zong a lungsim uh sukha lua ahih manin, Wales mite LST bu khenkhia
in hawmkhiat nading kipawlna khat dinsak zawh nadingin thu hong khentat uh hi. Mi
pawlkhat in Wales mite ading bek maw? Leitung buppi ading hi lo ding maw? na ci uh hi.
Tua bangin Mary Jones in LST lunggulh in a neihnopna tawh kizomin 7 March 1804 kumin
“British & Foreigners Bible Society” kipawlna hong kiphuankhia hi. Tua ban ah 1816 kumin
American Bible Society kiphuankik hi. Tu-in ahih leh mi a tamzaw in amau tual pau ciat
in LST kinei ta hi. Christ hong pai kik baih nading leh a lampi bawl kholhsak nadingin leh
leitung khempeuh ah Pasian’ thumaan a kizelh nadingin LST in lei kul lo-a mikim in a
mawkna in kinei thei leh cihpen Pasian geelna hitakpi hi. Hun khat lai-in LST pen mi kimin
neih ding kiphal lo bek tham lo-in, kinei zo lo hi. Pasian a it mite hanciamna tawh tuni-
in a mawkna phial in LST kingah ta ahih manin Mary Jones bangin LST sim hahkat huai
mahmah hi.

British Revised Version (1881) & American Standard Version (1901)

Kum zalom 19 na, a laizang pawl in Thuciam Thak Greek khutgelhlai (Manuscripts)
tampi hong kimukhia hi. King James Version’ laakna bulpite (Text Source) sungah, a kimu
thak khutgelhlai tawh a etkaak uh ciangin khialhna tampi a om lam hong muhkhia uh hi.
King James Version laakna bulpite (Source) in Theodore Beza in Erasmus Text khutgelhte
siksanin a puahphatte ahi hi. AD Kum zalom 5 na khawng a kigelh Codex Alexandrinus in
1627 kumin England gam ah kingah zo pan hi. Kum zalom 19 sungin, Tischendorf in Codex
Sinaiticus leh Codex Vaticanus a masa penpen sim theih dingin hong ngahkhia pan hi.
Cambridge ah laihilhsia 2, B. F. Wescott leh F. J. A. Hortte in hihte nasia takin hong kankhia
uh hi. A dang Greek khutgelhlai tampi zong hong mukhia uh hi. Kum 28 sung hanciam ta-
kin hong kan khit uh ciangin, King James Version laakna bulte (Source) sangin a muan-

306 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

huai zaw Greek khutgelhlaite pan hong bawlkhia uh hi. Hih thu hong kitheih khak ciangin,
“Upper House of the Convocation of Canterbury” in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak puah-
phakik dingin LST lam pilna nei mi pawlkhat hong seh uh hi. A kitengkhia mipilte lak panin
Anglican mipilte kihel kha lo hi.

Hih a kitengkhia mite in King James Version puahphatkikna panin khialhna a
muhte uh kheelhuai a sak uh leh hih a puahpha mite lak panin seh 3 suah seh 2 in a
zawh leh bek laimal kheel thei dingin khentat uh hi. Kheel huai a sakte uh a nawl khat
ah ciaptehna bawl uh hi. July 7, 1870 kumin, “Lower House of the Convocation te in Upper
House” te tungah hih King James Version puahphatna ah LST lam pilna nei American te
zong a kihelsak nang un, pulaak uh hi. Hih thusunna pen hoih kisa in kikipsak hi. Union
Theological Seminary, Dr. Philip Schaff in hih King James Version LST puahphatkik dingin
LST lam pilna neite sung panin amah hong kitelkhia ahi hi. Octorber 4, 1872 kumin LST
puahphatna ah nasep hong kipan uh hi. Wescott leh Hortte in British kipawlna pan ta-
angmi ahi uh hi. Amau puahphat Greek Thuciam Thak in hih hunin kibawlkhia nai lo hi.
Ahi zongin a muanhuai a sak uh a man khitte uh hih kipawlna in khenkhia hi. Hih kipawl-
na nihte in America gam pan leh England gam pan mipilte ahi uh hi.

British kipawlnate in a sep dingin a sehsak uh pawlkhat America gam a te khak
uha, aman uh ciangin Britain ah hong kikhaak kik hi. A nihveina puahphatna pen Amer-
ica panin kibawl khia a, a thumvei puahphatna pen England panin kibawlkhia hi. Amer-
icate puahphatna a kingah ciangin British kipawlnate in a kipsak ma un, seh 3 suah seh
2 thukimna tawh kipsakna la phot uh hi. King James Version bawlkhiatna ding hun nihvei
kisot hi. Thuciam Thak in May 17, 1881 kumin kibawlkhia hi. Miillion 2 kikhen khia in hun
tomno sungin Britain gamah kizuakkhia hi. A nidang ciangin bu 110,000 kikhen khia kik a,
Philadelphia ah kizuak hi. May 22, 1881 kumin Thuciam Thak buppi Chicagote’ bawl laidal
zangin kikhen khia in kihawmkhia hi. May 19, 1885 kum ciangin, Thuciam Lui kibawlkhia hi.
Apocrypha bute 1895 kumin kiman siang hi. Pawlpi thupiakna tawh LST Version a 4 veina
hi ta hi. A dang pawlpi thuneihna kipia LST in, “Great Bible (1539); Geneva Bible (1560),
Bishops’ Bible (1568), King James Bible (1611) te ahi hi.

Thuciam Lui a kibawl khiat khit 1885 kum ciangin British kipawlna hong tuam om
hi. America kipawlna hong ding suaksuak hi. Britishte tawh thukimna hong bawl uha,
Americante in a kipuahphat Revised Version pen Britishte’ hawmkhiat zawh kum 14 a
cin mateng peikhia lo ding cih thukimna hong bawl uh hi. American kipawlnate peikhiat
mateng Britsh Version ah buaina pawlkhat om hi. American kipawlna in kum 14 ngak
tuan lo-in a kipawlna uh a zopsuak ding lunggulh mahmah uh hi. Authorized British Ver-
sion hong kikhetkhiat ciangin America kipawlna in zong deih uh ahih manin New York leh
Philadelphia ah hong peikhia uh hi. 1898 kum ciangin Cambridge leh Oxford in American
ah zuak dingin American kipawlnate lunggulh bangin hong hawmkhia uh hi. 1901 kum
ciangin American kipawlna te in “American Standard Version of the Bible” hong bawlkhia
uh hi. British kipawlnate in a hepkhiat kammalte uh, Americate kipawlnate in kammal 600
bang deih zaw uh hi. Banghang hiam cihleh, Americate zat Mang Lai leh England gam

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 307

a kizang Manglai a kibatloh man ahi hi. American Standard Version in “Jehovah” min a
zat ciangin kammal 4 a pha “YHWH” Hebrew kamin a cihnopna uh ahi hi. Khasiangtho
cihna British Version in a zat, “Holy Ghost” pen “Holy Spirit” ci-in zang uh hi. Conservative
Americante in NASB (1971) hong om masiah American Standard Version zang uh hi.

Revised Version (1881-1885)

1870 kumin Samuel Wilberforece, Bishop of Winchester in “Authorized Version” et-
phatkik dingin a lungulh ciangin “Upper House of Convocation of the Province Cater-
bury” in phalna pia hi. Hih vai tawh kisai a vaan thei pah dingin mipil (16) kiteelkhia hi. LST
letkhia dingin mipil 54 kiteelkhia hi. Mi pawlkhat in mipil 65 hizaw a ci zong om hi. Thuci-
am Lui kamletkhia dingin E.H.Browne, A.B.Davidson, F.Field, C. D. Ginsburg, J.J.S. Persowne,
E.H. Plumptre, N.C.Thirlwall, C.Wordsworth, hih mipil teng muanna tawh kiseh a, Bishop of
Ely, E.H.Browne in makaipi sem hi. Thuciam Thak kamletkhia dingin F.J.A. Horth, J.B. Light-
foot, W.Milligam, W.F. Moulton, F.H.A. Scrivener, S.P. Tregelles, B.F. Westcott, hih mipil teng
muanna tawh kiseh a, Bishop of Gloucester leh Bristol, Dr. C.J. Ellicott in makaipi sem hi.

America lam panin mipil 30 bang pha uha, Philipp Schaff in makaih hi. Hih Revised
Version tawh kisai-in United States ah Committee mun 2 ah nei uh hi. Khat pen Thuciam
Lui a letkhia ding kipawlna hi-a, a khat pen Thuciam Thak letkhia dingte kipawlna ahi hi.
America leh Englandte kithukimna tawh a kiletkhia ding LST ahi hi. Ahi zongin kithutuah
theih loh nading lampi hong om hi. Kammal zatzia deih dan kibang lo pawlkhat hang ahi
hi. British lamte in Khasiangtho cihna “Holy Ghost” tektek mah deihin Americante in deih
lo-in “Spirit” (Khasiangtho) cih ding deihzaw uh hi. Ahi zongin lailetkhiate in a kizangcil
kammalte (Original language) tawh a kinai penpen in letkhiat ding hi, ci uh hi. Mikang
kam tawh a kilawm lopi-in behlapna zat ding phal lo uh hi. A tawpna ah hong kiletkhia
veve a, a kilet khin masa sa a kiteelsa uh kipawlna in nihvei ta enphakik ding ci uh hi. Tua
ciangin kipawlna a dang nihna leh thumnate in enkik ding uh hi, ci uh hi. Authorized Ver-
sion in Greek Text tawh a kibang lo tampi om ahih manin mun 6000 bang kheelna nei uh
hi. Authorized Version hoihtak a ki-etphat kik ciangin Greek tawh a kibang lo laimal tampi
om hi. Khialhna a kimute kipuahpha hi. Authorized Version in Greek lai tawh a kiteicilna
sangin a kiletkikna ah kammal kithuap tamzaw hi. Zat kibang piante kikheel tuan lo hi.

Lailetkhiate pen mipil vive ahih uh hangin LST hong letkhiat taktak uh ciangin
kammal a zatte uh kidawm mahmah uh hi. Revised Version Thuciam Thak LST in England
gamah May 17, 1881 kumin kikhen khia hi. England leh America ah million 3 bang a sawt
lo-in kikhawng pah hi. Tua ciangin May 22, 1881 kum mahin Thuciam Thak buppi, Chicago
Time leh Chicago Tribune in hawmkhia kik leuleu hi. LST buppi Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam
Thak 1885 kumin hong khenkhia hi. Revised Version Thuciam Lui pen Masoretic Text panin
a kizang cil pau namte (Original language) bangin a malmal in letkhia uh hi. Hebrew leh
Greek panin a kiletkhia hi-a, Thuciam Thak pen Wescott leh Horts’ Greek Text pan ahi hi.
Lailet khiatzia pen Literal interpretation zang uh hi. Hih Revised Version hong piangkhiat
nadingin sumlepaai a sikte in Anglican pawlpite (Convocation of Canterbury) ahi uh hi. A
tawp dongin LST a teikhia mipil 45 pha uh hi. A tamzaw pen Anglican pawlpite ahi uh hi.

308 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

Revised Standard Version (1971-1977)

Weymouth, Moffat, Goodspeed leh Smith’ LSTte hong lawhcin ciangin, pawlpi
makai tampite in 1901 kum a kibawlkhia American Standard Version puahphatkik ding
kitangsam sa uh hi. 1928 kumin “International Council of Religious Education” in Amer-
ican Standard Version copyright tungtawnin, Standard Bible Committee hong teelkhia
uh hi. Committee ah mi 15 vaipuak la dingin hong seh uha, American Standard Version
enphakik ding Committee in kitangsam sa hi. American Standard Version laigelhzia (Lit-
eral style) a maantakin hong sittel uh hi. Kum 2 sung tang bang hun la in, Committee in
puahphat kul maw, kul lo cih hong kankhia uh hi. A zenzenin a kisap leh a hoih thei penin
puahphat dingin vaihawm uh hi. A tawpna ah 1930 kumin, Committee in puahphatkik
ding hoihsa uh ahih manin hong kipan ta uh hi. King James Version tawh a kinai pen leh
Greek tawh deihtakin etkaak dingin hong hanciam uh hi. Hih Committeete hong kipat
ding lian ciangin Nitumna gam lam ah nakpi takin lungkiatna lian pi hong tung mawk hi.
A kipatkhiat nadingun sum haksatna om ahih manin zong hong zekai tuam pah hi.

A tawpna ah 1936, American Standard Version bawlkhia ahi Thomas Nelson leh a
tate in, sum huh dingin thukimna hong la uh hi. A kithukimna uah Thomas Nelson leh a
tate in kum 10 sung hih a kipuahpha LST tungah thuneihna nei ding cih ahi hi. Kum 10 khit
ciangin hih a kipuah pha kik LST mun dangah kikhen khia thei pan ding ci uh hi. Hih LST
a letkhiate thaman sum kipia zo lo hi. Ahi zongin hih LST vai tawh khualzinna, giahna leh
nek leh dawnte bek kipiaksak hi. Nasep hong kipat khit uh ciangin 1939 kumin Committee
in British LST lampilna neite a panpih dingin sam uh hi. 1930 kumin Hitler in Poland a nuai
gawp hun tawh kituak lian hi. Galpi nihna hangin kipawl khop ding haksa mahmah hi.
Tua manin Galpi nihna a bei khit lam ciangin hih kipawlna in a masa pen Thuciam Thak
1946 kumin hong bawlkhia zo pan hi. Thuciam Lui zong hong zomto thei uh hi. Kimuhkho-
pna (Meeting) 81 vei bang hong nei kawm uha, ni 450 sung hong letkhiat khit uh ciangin,
“Revised Standard Version” hong zo siang thei ta uh hi.

September 30, 1952 kumin hong khenkhia thei uh hi. Hih Version thak in mipi in sim
hong kipan hi. United States leh Canada gam sungah 3,418 kipawlna tuamtuamte in LST
letkhiat zawh lungdamkoh pawikhamna nei uha mipi million 1 leh a lang pawi khamna
ah pai thei uh hi. Kha 3 a cin khit ciangin, hih LST vai ah lungkim-lohna hong om hi. LST
lam pilna nei, Conservative pawlpi makaite, a tamzaw in Pasian’ thu (Theology) luanzia
pen upna peengte Pasian’ upna thuluanzia (Theological Liberalism) tawh hih LST Ver-
sion pawlkhat kiletkhia ahih man ahi hi. Committee te sungah Communistte a om man
hi ding hi kici hi. Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy in United States Air Force Training
Manual ah bawlkhiat dingin kamkham hi. A tawpna ah Congress in hoihtakin sittelna
(Investigation) hong bawl khit uh ciangin, mawhpaihnate hong hemkhia in hong puah-
phakik uh hi.

LST upna lam a hat Conservative pawlpite in Revised Standard Version pawlpi
sungah zat dingin sang zo ngiat lo uh hi. Revised Standard Version Thuciam Thak, 1971
kumin a nihveina puahphatna hong kihawmkhia hi. Hih LST Version pen United Bible So-

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 309

cieties vaihawm na tawh 1975 kumin leitung bup in a pom theih dingin Greek Thuciam
Thak panin Mikang kam tawh Protestantte leh Catholicte a puahpha dingin kiseh hi. A
sawtlo-in, “Catholic Biblical Association of Great Britain” in nasep hong pankhia uh hi.
Roman Catholic mipilte in Apocrypha lam khen nih in hong khen uh hi. Deutero-canoni-
cal laibute pen LST in tuat uh hi. Hih laibu thumte (1 &2 Esdras bu leh Manasseh Thunget-
na) Apocrypha bu ngeina lamah hong koih uh hi. Ahi zongin “Deutero-canonical Laibu”
te lakah LST dingin hih thumte kisang zo lo hi. Apocrypha bute bel a ngei bangin hawm-
khia den uh hi. “Catholic Biblical Association of Great Britain” in Dom Bernard Orchard,
O.S.B., leh Father Reginald C. Fuller makaihna nuai ah “Deutero-canonical Bute” Apocry-
pha” bu thumte tawh tuamkoih in khetkhiat dingin hong bawl uh hi.

“Deutero-canonical laibu” cihin Apocrypha bute sung panin LST dingin Roman
Catholic pawlpite in a kipsakte uh ahi hi. Protestante leh Roman Catholic pawlpite in LST
zang khawm thei ding cih amau lunggulhna uh ahi hi. LST kizang taang thei dinga, Prot-
estantte leh Catholicte (Eastern Orthodox pawlpite leh Protestant upna) in Apocrypha
bute hong kipomkim zawh nading ci uh hi. King James Version 1611 in zong guang hi. Hih
ngaihsutna kikemsuak in, “Collins Press of Glasgow” in a kipuahphat khit ciangin 1973 ku-
min hong khenkhia hi. May, 1973 kumin, Collins’ puahphatna “Revised Standard Version”,
“Taangpi LST” (Common Bible) in Pope Paul VI tungah a bu hoih takin a kibawl kipiakhia
hi. Pope dangte pawlkhat zong letsong in kipiakhia hi. Hih letsong piak a ngah dangte in
Greek Orthodox Archbishop Athenagoras of London, Lady Priscilla Collins, Sir William Col-
lins, Herbert G. May leh Bruce Metzgerte ahi uh hi. Popete in Christian upna nei a kipulaak
teng kipawlkhopna tawh hong kipia letsong ci-in thupi ngaihsut mahmah uh hi. Pawlpi
khempeuh kipawlna “Ecumenical” tawh kipuahpha taktak hi lo hi. Banghang hiam cihleh
Eastern Orthodox pawlpite a tawh kituak tuan lo hi.

The Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Armenian te leh a dang Eastern
Orthodox pawlpite in Roman Catholic pawlpite upna (Deutero-canonical bu) te pom
bangin Maccabees te zong sang lo uh hi. Tua banah Eastern Orthodox LST in Late 151
leh 4 Maccabees cihte Thuciam Lui behlap in guang uh hi. Hih LST pawi a kham khit uh
ciangin, Pope, Archbishop Athenagoras in Bruce Metzger tungah Christian khempeuh
kipawl theih nadinga LST Version hi ci-in gen hi. 1971 kum ciangin, Sub-Committee of the
Revised Standard Version, Bible Committee in 3 leh 4 Maccabees leh Late 151 hong letkh-
ia uh hi. 1975 kum ciangin, Revised Standard Version mun 5 ah hong kikhen khia hi. 1977
kum ciangin, Oxford University Press in New York panin hong hawmkhia uh hi. Metzger in
a masa lamin Puahphate (Reformers) panin LST a ki-endik a kipuah pha hi a, puahpha
makaite, Roman Catholicte leh Eastern Orthodox pawlpite in LST san dan kibang hi, citek
uh hi ci-in gen hi. A cihnopna taktak LST pen a kuamah peuh in kideih tek cihna ahi hi. Ahi
zongin a sunga kigelh lai khempeuh Pasian’ kammal leh Pasian’ humuapna kiza kimin a
kisang tek cihna hi lo hi, ci hi.

310 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

KUM ZALOM 20 SUNG THUCIAM THAK

Weymouth’ New Testament (1903)

Richard Francis Waymouth in mipil mahmah khat leh Baptist tual pawlpi khat ahi
hi. 1866 kumin Thuciam Thak Greek panin enkik in puahpha a, hong khenkhia hi. London
khua ah 1869-1886 kum kikaal, pasal sangah sangsiapi sem a, a sangnaupangte in Thu-
ciam Thak LST neih ding hoih sa hi. Nasep hong khawl ciangin, LST letkhiat hong kipan
pah hi. Greek LST panin Mikang pau tawh 1886 kumin hong letkhia hi. Waymouth in LST a
kigelh cilna kampaute’ danin teikhiat ding hanciam hi. 1900 kumin hong man siang tak-
tak ta hi. Ahi zongin a ci hong nat luat ciangin bawlkhia zo lo hi. A sih ma-in, 1902 kumin, a
lawmpa, Ernest Hampton-Cook tungah khetkhiat dingin ap hi. 1903 kumin James Clarke
leh Company of London in hong khenkhia uh hi. Weymouth’ Thuciam Thak in tha khat in
England leh America ah hong kizel hi. Kum zalom 20 sungin tamveipi a kipuahpha LST ahi
hi.

Moffat’ Translation (1913-1925)

Kum zalom 20 sungin a minthang mahmah LST in James Moffatt, of St. Andrews
College, Oxford in a letkhiat pen ahi hi. Moffat in a kammal zatzia pen tuhun tawh a kituak
Mikang pau zang hi. Tua manin a sim nuam mahmah hi. A letkhiat Thuciam Thak 1901
kumin hawmkhia hi. A nihveina Thuciam Thak 1913 kumin hawmkhia leuleu hi. Moffat in
Thuciam Lui 1924-1925 kum kikaal ah khenkhia hi. Moffat in tangzai takin LST a lian (Chap-
ter) leh a neu (Verses) a luanzia puahpha kik hi. Gospel bu John zong puahpha mahmah
hi. Tua manin Gospel John bu a ngeina pen leh Moffat’ Thuciam Thak John in kibatlohna
nei hi. Thuciam Thak khutgelhlai a tuamtuam panin la kawikawi ahih manin a kibang lo
tampi om hi. Moffat’ LST pen a zang mi tam mahmah hi. A tamzaw upnapeng (Liberal) te
in zangpha diak uh hi.

Goodspeed Leh Smith’ American Translation (1923-1927)

Edgar J. Goodspeed in University of Chicago ah LST thu leh Greek thuthuk pilna
(Philosophy) a hilh sia khat ahi hi. Ama letkhiat Thuciam Thak “An American Transalation”
cih thulu tawh 1923 kumin Moffat’ Thuciam Thak tawh a kibang khat hawmkhia hi. Moffat
leh Goospeed’ LST minthang mahmah hi. Goodspeed in Wescott leh Hort zat Greek LST
panin teikhia hi. Sangnaupang tampite in tuhun tawh kituak a kiletkhia LST hoih denpen
khat ahi hi, ci uh hi. Goodspeed in “Tuni in a kiletkhia LST mungtup bulpi in a kibang lo
LST khiatzia tuamtuamte citak takin paubanna a omloh nadingin ka puahphatkikna ah
Greek tawh a kigelh cilna panin Mikang pau in ka teikhia hi. Thuciam Thak LST olno-takin
sim theih dingin om nai lo hi.

American Mikangte in Great Britain LST bek nei uh hi. England leh Scotland in Thu-
ciam Thak kibangin zang thei uha, a hita zongin Americante bil panin zaakna tuam dang
hi ci-in Goodspeed in gen ngei hi. Thuciam Thak 1923 kumin hong khenkhia hi. Hun tom-
no sungin, Goodspeed in University of Chicago Press te kiangah Thuciam Lui khetkhiat

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 311

ding huhna ngen hi. Goodspeed in Thuciam Lui laihilh sia J. J. Powis Smith tungah khen-
sak dingin pulaak hi. Smith in a ngetna na sang thei hi. Hih LST letkhiatna ah manlang
takin zawh baih nadingin Smith in Univerity of Chicago a LST pilna neite tungah huhna
ngen hi. Tua hi-a, Thuciam Lui pen Hebrew LST panin na teikhia uh hi. Hebrew panin ki-
cian takin Mikang pau tawh Thuciam Lui a kiteikhia masa pen LST khat ahi hi. Thuciam
Lui 1927 kumin kikhen khia hi. 1931 kum ciangin, University of Chicago Press in Thuciam Lui
leh Thuciam Thak bu khat suah in, “The Bible: An American Translation,” thulu ah tuang-
sak uha, thu masa ah Smith leh Goodspeed tuangsak uh hi. 1938 kumin, Goodspeed in
Apocrypha letkhia a, 1939 kumin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak LST kizo a, “The Complete
Bible: An American Translation” kici hi.

American Standard Version (1901)

American Standard Version in Revised Version (1881-1885) tungtawngin hong pi-
angkhia ahi hi. American LST lam pilna neite in Revised Version a kihawmkhiat zawh kum
14 khit ciangin kammal zatzia a thanem lam hong mukhia uh hi. Tua ciangin British Mi-
kang pau panin American Mikang pau zangin LST teikhiat kik ding hong lunggulh uh hi.
Tua ciangin hih tawh kisai vaipuak la ding mipil pawlkhat muanna tawh kiseh pah hi.
Muanna tawh a sehkhia mipilte in William H. Green (Princeton University), George E. Day
(Princeton University), Thimothy Dwight (Yale University), J.H. Thayer (Harvard University),
John Dewitt (University of New Brunswick), Charles M. Mead (Andover-Newton), Howard
Osgood (Colgate-Rochester), Joseph Packard (Protestant Episcopal Seminary, Alexan-
dria), Matthew B. Riddle (Hartford Seminary) te a hi uh hi. Upmawhna sangin lailetkhiate
hong manlang zaw ahih manun kum 14 ma-in hong man siang thei uh hi.

Hong man uh ciangin Oxford leh Cambridge panin hong khenkhia uha, Ameri-
can Committeete in British Mikang kam pawlkhat pen American kammal zat pawlkhat
tawh hong kheel uh hi. American Committeete in sawtpi mah encianpha kik kik uh hi. A
tawpna ah 1901 kumin Thomas Nelson in hong bawlkhia hi. Tua hong bawlkhiat LST thulu
dingin, “American Standard Version” ci hi. American Standard Version in British Mikangte
sangin American Mikangte in zangzaw tham uh hi. Presbyterian pawlpite bangin King
James Version bangin a zat uh LST ahi hi. Hih LST a hoih in a kituat hangin pawlkhat in
kitangsapna mah na mu veve hi. Tua manin 1904 kumin Episcopal pawlpite in “American
Standard Version” zat loh ding ci-in nial uh hi. Methodist thugen minthang E.W. Alderson
in zong hoih a sak lohna pulaak ngei hi. C.E.Dobbs bangin Khasiangtho min tangin ki-
zang (Pronoun) mun ah “It” kizang ahih manin a lungkim-lohna pulaakkhia hi. “American
Standard Version” in Authorized Version bangin min ngah zo lo hi.

American Standard Version in Revised Version tawh lailetzia kinai lua mahmah
hi. Lailetkhiat a paizia pen “Codex Sinaiticus leh Codex Alexanrianus” tungah kinga lua
hi. Phillip Schaff in a genna ah, 1877 kumin Thuciam Thak, Greek khutgelhlai 1500 bang
etkaak ding om khin ci hi. Tu laitakin Thuciam Thak khutgelhlai a omlai lian pen 5735 ahi
hi. Thuciam Lui pen Masoretic Text tungah kingak ding muanhuai hi. Septuagint (LXX)
tunga kingak zong kician khol lo thei hi. American Standard Version in Thuciam Lui pen

312 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

Masoretic Text zangin Thuciam Thak a tamzaw pen Westcott leh Horts Greek Text zang uh
hi. Lailetzia pen ahi bang lianin a malmal a khiatzia (Word for Word) zang uh hi. A kihaw-
mkhiat zawh nadingin sum bei teng Phillip Schaff makaihna tawh American Committee
te in sik uh hi.

Masoretic Text (1917)

Hih LST minin a sau in “Holy Scripture according to the Masoretic Text” kici hi. Jewte
Europe gam Nitumna lam panin United States ah kum zalom 19 bei lamin hong lal uh hi.
Hun hong sawt ciangin Mikang pau a zang Jewte in Hebrew LST Mikang kam tawh Jewte’
biakinn, sanginnte leh innte ah zat dingin LST letkhiat ding hoih sa uh hi. Hih kitangsapna
hong muhkhiatna uh hangin 1917 kumin Jewte in Thuciam Lui “Jewish Publication Society
of America” min tawh, “The Holy Scripture According to the Masoretic Text” cih LST hong
khenkhia uh hi. Letkhiat dingin a geel hun uh pen 1892 kum pek panin “Jewish Publish
Society” te in a vaihawm khit uh hi napi-in, buaina tuamtuam hong omna hangin kum
4 khit ciangin hong kipan thei pan uh hi. Hong kipatkhiat uh ciangin Jew mi Britist leh
America gam a om te in Dr. Marcus Kastrow makai-in letkhiat ding vaipuak ap uh hi.

1901 kum ciangin sepdan ding (Procedure) geelna teng tawh hun hong kisot toto
a, tua kawmkaal ah 1903 kum ciangin muanna tawh vaipuak a kiseh Dr. Marcus Kastrow
ginneih loh laitakin hong si hi. Kum pawlkhat khit ciangin Board Committee thak khat
hong phuankhia kik uha, Max L.Margolis of Dropsie College hong makai-in Jew mipil 6
tawh LST letkhiat hong kipan uh hi. 1917 kumin Hebrew LST panin Mikang lai tawh a kiletkh-
ia masa penpen ahi hi. Hebrew LST tawh kibangin Thuciam Lui letkhia uh hi. Mikang pau
a zang Jewte in hih “Holy Scripture According to the Masoretic Text” pen thuneihna a nei
“Authorized Version” in pomtek uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen “Masoretic Text” panin a letkhiat
uh hi-a, a kipatcil a kampau bulpi (Original Language) panin ahi bang lian in a malmal
(Word for Word) in a letkhiat uh ahi hi.

King James Version II (1971)

King James Version II a teikhia leh a khenkhia in Jay Green ahi hi. King James Ver-
sion II tangthu tawh kisai Jay Green in a genna ah, “Pasian’ mite in LST a thak bawl beh
ding hi lo hi” ci hi. LST pen a lui a omsa mah bangin sim ding, telcian ding leh muan ding
ahi hi, ci lai hi. Khua hun zui-in a kiletkhia Mikang LST, Revised Version (1885), American
Standard Version (1901), Revised Standard Version (1952) leh English Bible (1970) te in LST
letzia mankim lo ahih manin lauhuai ka sa hi, ci-in Jay Green in gen hi. Banghang hiam
cihleh, King James Version (1611) in a teikhiatna a siksan Hebrew leh Greek Text te tawh
kilamdang mahmah hi, ci beh lai hi. Tua bang a cih hangin Jay Green in King James
Version a masa leh Tyndale zat siksanin King James Version II a tei ahi hi. A taktakin King
James Version leh Willliam Tyndale Version in a lakna a cil a kigelhna pau bulpi (Original
Language) laakna kibang tuan lo hi. Jay Green in Thuciam Thak pen “Textus Receptus”
Greek pan tei danin kigen napi, a laigelhzia a ki-etkik ciangin (Authorized), King James
Version a puahto dan hilel hi. LST a lailetzia pen ahi bang lianin a malmal in letkhia hi.

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 313

J. B. Phillip’ Version (1958-1972)

Hih J.B. Philip’ Version in a sim nuam a kisa leh a minthang mahmah LST khat hi-a,
Thuciam Thak a letkhiat ahi hi. Khangnote tawh na hong sepkhop laitak in, Phillips in hih
khangnote in Paul’ laikhakte khencian thei lo dingin ngaihsun hi. Phillip pen London ah
Goodshepherd pawlpi ai-awh a nasem khat ahi hi. Hih khangnote a muan zawh-lohna
in lungsim buaisak den hi. Ama ngaihsutna ah hih nasep pen na khempeuh ah nuam i
sak pen hun leh haksatna tuakin i sih hun donga ding na kisem ahih manin a naseppih
khangnote muangzo taktak lo hi. Tua bang a ngaih tuahna hangin 1941 kum ciangin,
Thuciam Thak laikhak bu 21 te letkhiat hong kipan hi. Ama lunggulhna in Thuciam Thak
Greek panin kiletkhia henla, a simte adingin a sim nuam leh a tel baih dingin bawlkh-
iat ding ahi hi. Mipilte ading hilo-in, Christian thu-ummi nautaangte, bang mah a thei
nai lote adingin LST Mikang pau tawh hong letkhia hi. C. S. Lewis in LST thak Phillips in
bawl dinga theih ciangin bawlkhiat ding thapia mahmah hi. Phillips in 1947 kumin hong
man-a, “Letters to Young Churches: A Translation of the New Testament Epistles” cih thulu
tawh hong bawlkhia hi. Geoffrey Bles of London in a laibu a bawlkhiapa ahi hi. Thakhat
thu in a kikhawng mahmah (Best-seller) LST khat hong suak hi.

Phillips in a nasepna mite’n hoih a sak lam a theih ciangin Thuciam Thak bu a
dangte hong zom to hi. 1952 kum ciangin, Gospel bu 4 te hong letkhia in hong bawlkhia
hi. 1955 kum ciangin, Sawltakte Tangthu bu hong hawmkhia in, “The Young Church in
Action” cih thulu tawh hong bawlkhia hi. A nung lam laibelhte ah sawltak Peter Sermons,
Stephen Sermons leh Paul’ Sermon tuamtuamte koih hi. 1956 kumin, Phillips in Mang-
muhna bu, “The Book of Revelation: A New Translation of the Apocalypse” bawlkhia leuleu
hi. 1958 kum ciangin, Phillip in LST tawh kisai a teikhiat khemepeuh bu khat hong suah in,
thulu “The New Testament in Modern English” guan hi. 1972 kumin puahphatkikna hong
nei hi. A letkhiat masak lamte Greek Text ahi, Wescott leh Hort te bawl pen hi-a, Nestle
Greek Text pan ahi zongin, letkhia khin zo lo hi. Mun pawlkhatte ah, “Textus Receptus”
zangin letkhia hi. 1972 kumin hong endik in hong puahphat kik ciangin, a hoih thei pen-
pen Greekte panin hong letkhia hi. Phillip’ LST in min ngah zo lai mahmah hi. Banghang
hiam cihleh, a LST teizia in a simte nuntakna a sukha dinga telnop leh a cihnopna kician
in letkhia hi.

New Revised Standard Version (1989)

Revised Standard Version in a kikhet khiat a kipan a kideih mahmah a minthang
LST khat ahi hi. 1971 kumin Revised Standard Version nihvei puahphatna kikhen khia hi.
Thuciam Lui pen kipuah man nai lo hi. 1974 kumin Committee of RSV in hong pankhia hi.
RSV endik a sem, Bruce Metzger in Thuciam Lui pen 1952 kumin Semitic Hebrew panin
kiletkhia ahih manin kammal kizangte hoih thei mahmah hi, ci hi. Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS)
hong kimuh khiat ciangin Esther bu losiah a kimin Thuciam Lui kimukhia hi. Hih a kimuh
khiat ma-in Thuciam Thak Greek khutgelhlai tampi om khin hi, ci hi. Revised Standard
Version Thuciam Thak kisem toto lai hi. Mipil pasal 30, Protestant numei pawlkhat, Roman
Catholic, Easter Orthodoxte leh Jew mipil minthangte in a letkhiat uh ahi hi. A minthang-

314 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

zaw deuhte in Joseph Blenkonsopp (Notre Dame), Paul D. Harison (Harvard), Walter Har-
relson (Vanderbilt), William Holladay (Andover-Newton), S.Dean McBridge(Garret), Pat-
trick Miller (Union), Marvin Pope (Yale) cihte ahi uh hi. Kamsiatna tawh kum 15 sungin a si
tawh a nasep a khawlsan tawh cih bangin hong om ciangin Committee thak hong bawl
kik uh hi. 1989 kum ciangin Revised Standard tungtawnin kipuah thak New Revised Stan-
dard Version Apocrypha kihel lo-in hong kikhen khia ta hi. May, 19 kum ciangin National
Council of Churches, Louisville, Kentucky in pawlpi kim ah zat dingin (Authorized Version)
kipsak uh hi. Revised Standard Version mun ah, “New Revised Standard Version” in hong
kilaih hi. National Council of Churches in 1995 kum dong RSV khetkhiat ding phalna kipia
lai hi. NRSV Thuciam Lui pen Biblica Hebraica Stuttgartensia panin kipuahpha hi-a, Thu-
ciam Thak pen United Bible Soiciety’s Greek Text (3rd Edition, 1966; Corrected 1983) pan
enkaak kila ahi hi. LST letzia pen a kigelh cilna pau bulte panin ahi bang lianin a malmal
in letkhiatna zang uh hi.

Roman Catholic Mikang Versions

Latin Vulgate in Roman Catholic pawlpite bek zat LST ahih hangin, kum zalom
20 nunung lamah LST lam pilna nei Roman Catholicte lakah LST thu hong kankhia mipil
honkhat hong om hi. Tua manin khutgelhlai (Manuscripts) kankhiat nopna hong khang-
tosak hi. Roman Catholic LST Versions in Greek leh Hebrew siksan in kibawlkhia LST nih om
a, Jerusalem Bible (1966) leh New American Bible (1970) te ahi hi.

Jerusalem Bible (1985)

Mangkamin “Jerusalem Bible” kici a, Roman Catholic French Dominicans te in
“Ecole biblique de Jerusalem” ci uh hi. 1948 kumin, hih mipilte in LST a zom nei (Series)
hilhcianna hong bawlkhia uh hi. French tualsuak kam zanga kiletkhia zong om hi. 1956
kum ciangin, bu khat sungah hong gawmtuah in endik in hong puahpha uh hi. A thulu
French kamin, “La Sainte Bible traduite en francais sous ladirection del Ecole biblique de
Jerusalem” ci uh hi. “British Catholic Bible Association” panin mi 20 in Mikang pau tawh
hong puahto uha, 1966 kumin hong hawmkhia uh hi. Hih Roman Catholic LST in a bukim
a kizo siang masa pen leh LST kigelh cilna kampau (Original Language) panin kiteikhia
masa pen ahi hi. Jerome’ Latin Vulgate zong enkak uh hi. A endikte in tanglai kammal
zatzia leh tuhun a kammal zatzia enkaak in hong letkhiat uh ahi hi. “Jerusalem Bible” in
hoihtak kibawl leh pilvai takin kiletkhia LST ci uh hi. Ahi zongin a tamzaw hih “Jerusalem
Bible Version” in siksan bulpite pen Greek khutgelhlaite (Manuscripts) sangin Old Latin
leh Syriac khutgelhlaite (Manuscripts) dan zuizaw uh hi. 1975 leh 1985 kum nunung lam
ah hong puahphat uh ciangin a cil a kizang kammal pawlkhat kheel uh hi.

New American Bible (1971-1995)

1944 kumin, “Bishops’ Committee of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine” te in
Roman Catholic LST pilna neite in LST kigelh cilna pau bulpi (Original Language) panin
LST letkhiatna neih zawh nadingin kimuhkhopna sam uh hi. A tua ma kum 10 lai pekin,
Roman Catholic mipilte in Latin Vulgate panin Mikang LST tawh pawlkhat letkhiat kipan

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 315

khin uh hi. Thuciam Thak 1941 kumin bawlkhia uh hi. Tua bang ahih hangin 1944 kumin
Latin pau tawh a kigelh Latin Vulgate pan ahi lo, Hebrew leh Greek panin Mikang pau
tawh letkhiat ding ngetna om khin hi. Kum 30 kiim bang hong cintoh ciangin, 1970 kumin,
“New American Bible” hong kikhen khia hi. Hih LST in Roman Catholic mipilte hanciamtak
leh kipumpiak in hong bawlkhiat uh LST ahi hi. Hih LST teite in a hun tawh kituak kampau
zangin Mikang pau tawh hong teikhiat uh ahi hi. 1978 kumin endik-puahphatna a hoih
thei pen in zo uh hi. Hih LST pen Roman Catholic pawl LST lam pilna nei mi 59 te in hong
bawlkhiat hi-a, “The Confraterity Version” ahk “New Amercan Version” kici hi. Douay-Re-
ims Version (1609- 1610) pen 1750 kumin London panin bishop Richard Chaloner in puah-
pha kik hi. Latin Vulgate panin ahi bang lian a malmal in letkhiatkik ahi hi.

Kum 200 a cin zawh 1750 kum ciangin Roman Catholic pawlpi in puahphat ding
kitangsam sa hi. 1941 kum ciangin Roman Catholic pawlpi pan LST pilna neite in Thuciam
Thak etphatkikna leh puahphatna hong nei uh hi. “Episcopal Committee of Confrater-
nity of Christian Doctrinete” sum huhna tawh a kibawlkhia hi-a, Thuciam Thak bu min
dingin “The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ” min pia uh hi. Latin
Vulgate panin teikhiat ahih hangin Greek khutgelhlaite tawh zong etkaak veve uh hi. Ro-
man Catholicte in Hebrew leh Greek Text tawh etkaak theih ding, 1943 kumin Pope in (En-
cyclical letter) leitung bup a om Roman Catholic bishopte tungah lai a khak matengin
kiphal hi. Banghang hiam cihleh, Thuciam Thak (1952-1967) kikaal a kiletkhia pen hoih
takin etkikna om lo hi. Ahi zongin hong kiletkhia thak in Hebrew leh Greekte panin enkaak
uh hi. 1948 kumin hong khetkhiat uh ciangin Piancilna bu bek hong bawlkhia uh hi. 1952
kum ciangin Volume 1 na hong bawlkhia uha, Piancilna pan Ruth ciang bu khat in koih uh
hi. 1952 kum bei lam ciangin Volume 3 na “Pilna bute” hong man siang uh hi. 1955 kum
ciangin Volume 4 na “Kamsang bute” hong zo uh hi. 1961-1969 kumin Volume 2 na “1 & 2
Samuel, 1 & 2 Maccabbeete” hong bawlkhia uh hi. Committee te in Hebrew panin letkh-
iatkik hoih sa khin lo ahih manin Richard Challoner ii puahphat kik “Douay-Reims” tawh
puahphatna hong nei kopto uh hi.

Thuciam Thak pen Greek mah panin teikhia uh hi. Thuciam Lui hong man uh
ciangin etphatkikna hong nei uh hi. 1970 kum ciangin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak hong
khenkhia uha, LST min dingin “New American Bible” cih minpia uh hi. “British Bible” pen
1966 kum a, “Jerusalem Bible” panin kipuahpha etphatna kinei ahi hi. Hih zong Roman
Catholic LST mah ahi hi. Roman Catholic LST tangthu ah “New American Bible” in Hebrew
leh Greek panin a kiteikhia masa penpenin kiciamteh hi. Hih LST a teikhiate pen Roman
Catholic mipil 59 te ahi hi. Thuciam Lui letkhiatna ah a makai Dr. Louis Hartman (Profes-
sor of Catholic University of America) ahi hi. Thuciam Thak lam letkhiatna ah a makai in
Monsignor Myles Bourke (St. Joseph’ Seminary, Dunwoodie, New York) ahi hi. Pope Pius XIII
in Protestant mipil pawlkhat hih LST endik huh dingin huhna ngen hi. Thuciam Lui lam a
huh dingin Frank M.Cross (Havard University), J.A. Sander (School of Theology at Clare-
mount and Claremont Graduate School), David Noel Freeman (University of Michigan leh
University of California, San Diego). Thuciam Thak lam endik huh dingin W.D.Davies (Duke
University), John Knox (Union Theological Seminary) cihte ahi hi.

316 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

Thuciam Lui pen Late losiah Masoretic Text pan zong etkaak uh hi. Ahih hangin
Qumran Text/Septuagint siksan zaw uh hi. Late bu pen Latin Roman Catholicte’ pomsa
danin teikhia uh hi. Thuciam Thak pen Nestle-Alands’ Novum Testamentum Graece 25th
Edition 1963 leh United Bible Society 1996) Text tawh etkaak uh hi. Ahi zongin pawlkhat pen
Roman Catholic upna tawh kituak in letkhia uh hi. Hih “New American Bible” pen leitung
bup Roman Catholic pawlpi-in a zat mahmah uh LST ahi hi.

New English Bible (1961-1970)

Revised Version Copyright 1930 kumin hong bei ciangin University Press of Cam-
bridge leh Oxfort Copyright neite in Oxfort a Thuciam Lui professor sem G.R.Driver leh
Cambridge a Thuciam Thak professor sem J.M.Creed tungah puahphatkik dingin na cial
uh hi. 1939 kum Galpi Nihna hong bei ciangin puahphatkikna hong kipan uh hi. Galpi
hong ven ciangin General Asssembly of Church of Scoltland, Church of England leh a
dang pawlpi tuamtuam panin hong vaihawm khawm uh hi. Methodhist, Baptist, Salva-
tion Army, Moravian, Roman Catholic leh Congregational pawlpite in hong sem khawm
uh hi. Pawlpi khempeuh in Version thak Mikang lai tawh bawl ding hong lunggulh ciat uh
ahih manin 1947 kum ciangin Joint Committee khat hong pankhia uh hi. January,1948
kum ciangin pawlpi tuamtuamte tungah taangmi dingin Committee in a nget kawikawi
ciangin, Presbyterian Church of England, the Society of Friends (Quakers), the Coucil of
Churches for Wales, The council Church for Ireland, Britist and Foreign Bible Society of
Scotlandte hong kihel ciat uh hi.

A nung lam ciangin Roman Catholic Church of England leh Scotland taangmi
dingin Churches of England thupiakna tawh sapna kinei hi. Tua hunin mipil minthang
C.H.Dodd in 1949 kum panin makaipi hong sem pah hi. A letkhiat dingte LST a bubu in
hawm uha, pawl 4 kisuah in kikhen uh hi. Thuciam Lui bute letkhia dingte pawl ah a makai
dingin G. R. Driver, of Oxford kiseh hi. A huh dingin W.D. McHardy (Oxford, Chairman), J.A.
Emerton (Cambridge), A.R.Johnson (Cardiff, Wales), N.W.Porteous (Edinburgh), B.J.Rob-
ert (Bangor,Wales), N.H.Snaith (Leed), L.H. Brockington (Oxfort), T.H.Robinson (Cardiff),
H.Danby (Oxford), H.H. Rowley (Manchester), C.A. Simpson (Oxford)te ahi hi. Apocrypha
bute letkhia dingte pawl ah makai dingin G. D. Kilpatrick, of Oxford kiseh hi. A huh dingin
W.D.Hardy (Oxford, Chairman), W.Barclay (Glasgow), W.H.Cadman (Oxford), C.F.D. Moule
(Cambridge), G.BCaird (Oxford), J.R.Porter (Exeter), G.M.Styler (Cambridge) te ahi hi. Thu-
ciam Thak bute letkhia dingte pawl ah makai dingin C. H. Dodd, (Cambridge, Chairman)
kiseh hi. A huh dingin G.S.Duncan (St. Andrews), R.V.G.Tasker (London), C.F.D.Moule (Cam-
bridge), G.D.kilpatrick (Oxfort), J.A.T.Robinson (Bishop of Woolwich), G.M.Styler (Cam-
bridge), T.W.Manson (Manchester), W.F.Howard (Birmingham), E.G.Selwyn (Dean of Win-
chester) te ahi hi.

C.H. Dodd in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak buppi a vaihawmpi (Director) ding leh
laimal, laigelhzia endik dingin vaipuak kiseh hi. Hih LST teina ah kipawlpih ding kop a cing
lo laiteite in mi khatta in bu khat letkhia ding ci-in nasep hawm uh hi. A letkhiat khit uh
ciangin, a letkhia pen ii teikhiat a hoih penpen mah kipawlna ah a muanhuai pen dinga

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 317

kisehte tungah endikkik dingin apto uh hi. A ki-ap khinte pen kipawlna khat in endik in
puahphat nading a omte puahpha uh hi. Endik puahphate a man siang ciangin laimal,
laigelhzia a sittel pawlte tungah khak to leuleu ding uh hi. A tawpna ah a sittelte in hoihsa
in a thukim uh ciangin laibu in hong bawlkhia uh hi. Thuciam Thak pen 1961 kumin hong
hawmkhia uh hi. 1970 kumin Thuciam Lui hong khenkhia leuleu uh hi. Thuciam Thak ah
400 sangin a tamzaw puahphatna nei uh hi. Ahih hangin a deihna kilamdanna nei lo
hi. Hih Version a piankhiatna dingin sumtha a sik pen Oxford leh Cambridge University
Press te ahi hi. A letkhiate pen mipil 26 pha uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen Biblia Hebraica (1937,
R.Kittel) siksanin letkhia uh hi. Thuciam Thak pen Electic Greek Text leh Nestle’s leh United
Bible Societyte nih ahi hi. Endikte in Old Latin, Latin Vulagate, Syriac, Coptic leh Georgian
Versionte zong enkaak veve lai uh hi. Thuciam Thak March 14, 1961 kumin zo siang uh hi.
Kha 12 sungin million 4 zuakkhia uh in khawng thei uh hi. Tua khit kum 9 sungin million
7 khawng uh hi. Hih “New English Bible” LST kihawmkhia masa pen a sim khate in hong
kipuahphatkikna ah kammal tampi a kikheel ahih lam thei mahmah uh hi.

Masoretic Text II (1962-1982)

Hih LST pen “Jewish Publication Society of America “(1917) kumin a thak a khetkhiat
pen a puahphat kik uh ahi hi. A kikhetkhiat zawh kum 40 bang val ta ahih manin Har-
ry M. Orlinsky (Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, New York) a professor
sempa makaihna tawh kisemto ahi hi. Hih LST hong kipuahphatkikna a hang thu nih
om hi. A khatna ah Hebrew lai (Grammar) lam hong khangto mahmah in LST tawh kisai
khanglui vante kankhiatna (Biblical Archaeology) leh AENE (Ancient Eastern Near East)
lamte’ kammal zatziate kikheelna hong omna hangin a kipuahphakik ahi hi. A nihna ah
Mikangpau zong a hun zui-in hong khangto lua ta ahih manin hoihtakin LST puahphat
ding Jewte in kitangsam sa uh hi. Dr. Harry M. Orlinsky, Dr.Harold L. Ginberg, Dr.Ephraim A.
Speiser, Dr. Solomon Grayzel, Rabbi Max Arzt, Rabbi Benard J. Bamberger leh Rabbi Harry
Freemante in LST letkhiat hong pankhia uh hi. Hong letkhiat khit uh tak ciangin Dr. Orlinsky
in a bupi teng hong endik phakik hi. Tua ciangin lailetkhiatna Committeete tungah ki-ap
hi. Hih Committee in Masoretic Text ngeina mah zui-in puahpha uh hi. Mikang lai tawh
hong letkhiat uh ciangin Mikang tanglai kammalte kizang nawnlo-in, a hun zui a kizang
Mikang kam tawh hong letkhia uh hi.

1979 kumin kamsang laibute a khetkhiat laitak un, lailetkhiate lakah a muan mah-
mah uh mi nih Dr. Speiser (1965) leh Rabbi Arzt (1975) in hong sih san hi. Tua ciangin
Dr.Ginberg in makai hong sem to hi. Committee tawh nasep theih hong tam nawnlo-in,
mimal in hong letkhia uh hi. Mimal a kisehte in hong letkhia in a man tak uh ciangin Com-
mittete ap uh hi. 1982 kum ciangin “Laigelh bute/ lakam bute” hong man siang uh hi. LST
buppi a man siang dong a sem mipilte in Dr. Moshe Greenberg (Hebrew University), Dr.
Jonas C. Greenfield (Hebrew University), Dr. Nahum M. Sarna (Brandeis University), Rabbi
Saul Leeman, Rabbi Martin Rozenberg leh Rabbi David Shapiro te ahi uh hi. 1985 kumin a
buppi-in puahpha uha, Volume I in hong khenkhia uh hi. LST thulu dingin, “The Tanakh: A
New Translation of the Holy Scriptures According to the Traditional Hebrew Text” cih min

318 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

guan uh hi. “Tanakh” cih pen Hebrewte’ LST hi-a, khenpi thumin a kikhen “Moses laibu 5
te, Kamsangte leh Lakam/laigelh Bute” ahi hi. Hih LST a kibawlkhiat zawh nadingin sumsik
pen “Jewish Publication of Americate” ahi hi. A puahpha lailetkhia mi 14 pha uha, a et-
kaak siksan un pen Masoretic Text ahi hi. A letkhiatzia uh pen ahi bang lian in a malmal
a letkhiat ahi hi. Mikang tangkam ahi “Thou”, “Thee” cihte zang lo uh hi. Mikang pau zang
Jewte adingin LST hoih mahmah khat ahi hi.

Berkeley Version (1945-1959)

Dr. Gerrit Verkuyl in 1945 kumin Thuciam Thak Greek panin hong letkhia hi. A thulu
“The Berkeley Version of New Testament” ci hi. Amah pen Berkeley, California ah teeng
ahih manin “Berkeley” min a piak ahi hi. March, 1894 kumin kum 21 a pha Gerrit Yerkuyl
in America ah Netherland panin Carifornia ah hong lal hi. Manglai hanciam takin hong
sin hi. Pilna sangpi hong ngah hi. 1901 kumin “Princeton University Theological Seminary”
panin (Bachelor of Divinity, B.D) hong ngah hi. Tua ciangin Germany gam ah “Philosophy
of Doctor” a ngah dong “University of Leipzig” ah sang hong kah hi. 1906 kumin (Philoso-
phy of Doctor, PhD) hong ngah hi. Tua banah University of Berlin ah pilna sin behto lai hi.
America ah hong ciahkik a, Presbyterian Board of Christian Education ah nasep hong ki-
pan hi. A nasepna ah naupangte leh khangnote tawh kisawh mun lua ahih manin nuam
sa mahmah hi. Naupangte, khangnote tawh a kithuahkhakna panin khang thakte zat
Mikang pau tawh LST khetkhiat ding hong lunggulh hi. Thuciam Thak 1936 kumin letkhiat
hong kipan hi. 1945 kum ciangin Thuciam Thak buppi zo siang hi. Thuciam Thak buppi
a man zawh kum 5 khit ciangin “Zondervan Publishing House” in Thuciam Lui a letkhia
dingin Dr. Gerrit Verkuyl tungah huhna ngen hi. Tua ciangin Dr. Verkuyl makaihna nuai ah
mipil 20 in kum 9 sung Thuciam Lui hong letkhia uh hi. Hih LST in a kipuahpha leh a kilet-
khia thak ahih manin 1959 kum ciangin Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak buppi kikhen khia
zo pan hi. LST min dingin “The Holy Bible: The Berkeley Version in Modern English” ci uh hi.
Kum 10 khit ciangin puahphakik uha, “The Modern Language Bible” ci leuleu uh hi. Hih LST
letkhiate in Hebrew leh Greek Text siksan in zang uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen Masoretic Text
panin etkaak uha, Thuciam Thak pen “Tisendorf’s Greek Text, 8th Edition leh Nestle’ Text”
tawh etkaak in a kikhen khia ahi hi.

New World Translation (1950-1981)

Hih LST Version pen upna bulpi a kitukalh (Doctrine Bias) om hi. A letkhiate pen
Jehovah’s Witness te hi-a, a khenkhia pen “Watch Tower Bible leh Tract Society” te ahi
hi. Jehovah Witnesste upna pen C.T.Russell in 1918 kum pawlin hong phuatkhiat ahi hi.
1931 kum ciangin a pawl min dingin “Jehovah Witness” min phuak hi. Russell in nungzui
mi 20 million bang nei hi. Upna kilekkim lo a kitukalh upna (Doctrine Bias) om i cih mah
bangin, mi tampi in tuate thei lo-in hih LST zang kha uh hi. A masa in Jehovah Witness
te in Jehovah min bek pen Pasian’ aipeng min (Proper Name) in tuat uh hi. Hih thu pen
khanglai hun (Medieval Period) a, Pasian min siangtho Hebrew kamin a kitelkhialh man
ahi hi. Jehovah Witness te in Jesuh pen Pasian taktak hi cih a um lote ahi uh hi. Ahi zongin
a kipiangsak masa pen “pasian” (god) hi ci uha, “Pasian” (God) laimal gol tawh a kigelh

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 319

Pasian in sang zo lo uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen Masoretic Text siksan in letkhia uha, Thuciam
Thak pen bang siksan in teikhia uh hiam cih kician takin kithei lo hi. A letkhiatzia uh pen
ahi bang lianin a malmal a letkhiatzia (Literal Translation) zang uha, Jehovah Witness te’
LST pilna neite’ letkhiat ahi hi. Hih Version in Jesuh leh Pasian kizakim in koih lo hi. Thuciam
Thak pen 1950 kumin kizo a, Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak buppi 1961 kumin kizo in kikhen
khia hi. 1981 kumin puahphat-kikna nei uha, kammal zat zia pen tangkam “Thou”, “Thee”
cihte zang lo uh hi.

Good News Bible/ Today’s English Version (1975)

September 15, 1966 kumin American Bible Society in a hun zui-in Mikang pau tawh
LST Version thak khat hong khenkhia uh hi. Tua a kikhen khia Version min dingin, “Good
News for Modern Man: The New Testament in Today’s English Version” ci-in min pia uh
hi. Dr. Robert G. Bratcher in American Bible Society in a ngetna tawh Gospel Mark bu na
teikhia a, “The Right Time” ci-in min na pia hi. Thuciam Thak buppi khenkhia dingin huh-
na a kinget ciangin hoihtakin Thuciam Thak etphatkikna hong nei a, kum nih leh a lang
sungin puahphatna hong zo thei hi. A khetkhiat masakte Dollar pia 25 tawh zuak hi.

A nung lam ciangin Dollar pia 60 tawh zuak kik leuleu hi. Tua ciangin 1976 ku-
min “American Bible Society” in Thuciam Thak thulu kibang lo, “Today’s English Version
leh Good News for Modern Man” hih nih min tawh million 52 hong khenkhia uh hi. 1967
leh 1971 kumin a kipuahpha kik a, a 2 veina leh a 3 veina in hong minthang mahmah in
min hong ngah mahmah hi. 1976 kum ciangin Thuciam Lui hong man siang ciangin a 4
veina puahphatkikna ah Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak hong khenkhia khawm uh hi. Tua
ciangin a min dingin, “Good News Bible” min hong pia uh hi. American Bible Society in
“Good News Bible” cih ding mah deihzaw a, ahi zongin a masa lam in Thuciam Thak min
ahi “Today’s English Version” zong ci veve lai uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen Robert G. Bratcher’
makaihna tawh Thuciam Lui pilna nei mipil 6 tawh hong letkhia uh hi. Hih Thuciam Lui
lam a letkhia mipilte in Roger A. Bullard (Atlantic Christian College), Keith R.Crim (Virginia
Commonwealth University), Herbert G. Grether, Barclay A. Newman (United Bible Society),
John A. Thompson (American Bible Society) te ahi uh hi. 1971 kumin Britist Consultant,
Brymor F. Price in lailetkhia kipawlna ah hong lut hi. Thuciam Lui lam siksan laakna pen
“Biblica Hebraica (1937)”, Kittel’ 3th Edition zang uh hi. 1975 kumin Thuciam Lui teikhiat zo
siang uh hi. Septuagint (LXX), Latin Vulgate, Syriac leh Peshitta te zong etkaak in nei uh hi.

LST letkhiate a man uh ciangin Committete tungah ap uh hi. Committee in enkik
uh hi. A puahkikna uh hoih takin sim khia uha, kheel a kulte kheel uh hi. Tua ciangin Con-
sultant mi 200 kim bangin sittelna nei lai uh hi. LST leh lai lam a siam mipilte kipawlna 8
in hoihtakin sittel uh hi. Tua ciangin hoih takin Manglai gelhzia maan takin hong teikhia
uha, a hoih penpen endiksate “American Bible Society”te tungah ap uh hi. Thuciam Thak
letkhiate in “Today’s English Version” puahphatna a 3veina pen Greek Thuciam Thak,
United Bible Society (1975) tawh etkaak in puahpha uh hi. Hih LST Version letkhiatzia pen
a tel nop dingin “Dynamic Equivalence” tawh letkhia uh hi. Hih “Good News Bible” hong
kikhetkhiat ciangin leitungah a minthang mahmah LST Version hoih khat hong suak hi.

320 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

New International Version (1973-1978)

New International Version Thuciam Thak in 1972 kumin kikhen khia a, Thuciam Lui
leh Thuciam Thak buppi 1978 kumin kipuahpha khawm in 1984 kum leh 2011 kumin kikhen
khia kik hi. Evangelical mipil 110 te in a masa penpen a letkhiat uh ahi hi. Hih LST pen a
kigelh cilna kampau bulpite tawh a kiteina panin a telnop dingin (Dynamic Equivalen-
cy) zui-in kiletkhia ahi hi. A thu masa ah pawlpi kibang lo pawlpi 13 leh upna kibanglote
letkhiat LST hi cih kigelh hi. NIV a teikhia mi 97 te min kigual in kigelh hi. Hih teng lakah
mi 87 te pen Americante hi-a, Canada leh Great Britain panin 3 tuak hi-in, Australia leh
Newzealand panin mi 1 tuak ahi uh hi. Hih NIV laiteite in pawl 20 kisuah in na sem uh
hi. Pawl khat ah, mi 5 in laigual (Composed) uha, mi 2 in lailetkhia khawm uh hi. Mi 2 in
thudotpi (Consultants) sem in, 1 in Mikang kam tawh a hoih thei penin teikhia hi. Kipatna
ding muhkholhna hong nei mi khat om a, Seattle a General Electric ah a sem engineer
khat hi-in, a min pen Howard Long kicipa ahi hi. A khan sungin King James Version thupi
a sa mahmah khat ahi hi. Haksatna leh lungkiatna a tuak a lawmte a om ciangin King
James Version tawh LST taangte na gensawn zel hi. Ahi zongin LST kammalte a lawmte in
tel haksa uh hi.

Tua ahih manin Howard Long in a hun zui a, Mikangpau tawh a khankhiatpih mite
in LST a tel baih theih nadingin LST Version thak khat, letkhiat ding kitangsam sa hi. Kum
10 sung, Howard Long leh a khanpih pawlte in hih a ngaihsutna hong piangkhiat nadingin
mipilte tawsawn kawikawi uh hi. Pawlpi makai tampite tungah LST thak khat letkhiat ding
a kitangsapna gen zelzel hi. Synod of the Christian Reformed pawlpite (1956) leh Nation-
al Association of Evangelical te (1957) kipawlna nihte in LST khat Conservative Theology
te’ pom dan leh khang thak Mikangte sim theih baih ding leh tel baih dingin bawlkhiat
sawm uh hi. Hih bang thu om kawm kal panin Committee nih hong kimukhawm uh hi.
Kum pawlkhat khit ciangin a dang mipilte in zong hong lunglut uha, Committee hong
nei to uh hi. 1968 kum ciangin, Pasian thuthukpi a thei, lai lam tawh pilna kop Reformed
pawlpite tuucing nasep a sem, Edwin H. Palmer in hih NIV LST Version bawlkhiat nadingin
hun bit nasem dingin Executive Secretary in hong kitelkhia hi. LST lam pilna a nei mi 15 te,
Committee on Bible Translation (CBT) in LST tei dingin vaipuak la dingin panmun seh pah
uh hi. 1968 kum ciangin New York Bible Society (Tun International Bible Society and Biblica
kici) te in sum leh paai a bei ding khempeuh sik uh hi. Bu khat sim a kiletkhiat ciangin lai
endik dingin a kisehte tungah ki-ap to hi. Pawlkhatte ah mi 2 ciat in lai letkhiat makaih uh
hi. Lai letkhiate in zong thudotpi 2 ta nei uha, a kitangsap hunhun in hoih takin a gelhkhia
khut lam hoih khat zong om hi. Lai letkhiate thukhun zuih dan a nuai a bang ahi hi.

• LST letkhiat a kipat uh ciangin a vekpi-in a teikhiat masate uh hoih takin a nen a

si-in sittelna nei (Scruntinized) in encik pah uh hi. Endik LST kammal thuk a thei
mipil 5 Committees te in sittelna bawl uh hi. A laakna bulpi (Source Text) tawh a
kituah kei leh a kitel thei dingin lemtuah uh hi.

• Khat simin a ki-endiksa laite Committee lianpen ahi mi 8-12 te tungah hoihtak a

sittel lai dingin ap uh hi. A tawpna ah CBT member khempeuh in enpha kik gai uh

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 321

hi. Hih bang danin lai kiletkhiate sittelna bawl uha, hih bangin a kibawl ciatciatna
pen pastorte, sangnaupangte, mipilte leh nautaang mite, mipite theih kim dingin
kibawl ahi hi.

LST dangte bangin muanmawh huai a om kha hiam ci-in LST a buppi-in sittel
phapha uh hi. Tua ahih manin King James Version sangin LST hoih a kisa zaw leh a ki-
khawngzaw in New International Version (NIV) ahi hi. LST letkhiatzia pen (Formal Equiv-
alency Style) zang uh hi. Hih NIV teikhiate sungah pawlpi kihelte in Anglican, Asembly of
God, Christian Reformed, Church of Christ, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Menonite, Methodhist,
Nazarene, Presbyterian, Wesleyan Methodhist te ahi uh hi. Hih LST letkhiatna ah a huh
mipil mindawk deuhte in Gleason L. Archer (Trinity International University), Raph Earle
(Nazarene Theological Seminary), R.Laird Harris (Covenant Theological Seminary),Roland
K.Harrison (University of Toronto), Walter C. Kaiser (Gordon-Conwell), Meredith G. Kline
(Gordon-Conwell), William Lane (Western Kentucky University), Richard N. Longeneck-
er (MacMaster’s Divinity School), A.R. Millard (University of Liverpool), Leon Morris (Ridley
College, Sidney), Martin H.Woudstra(Calvin Theological Seminary), Donald J.Wiseman
(University of London) te ahi uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen “Biblica Hebraica Stuttgartensia” sik-
san in letkhia uh hi. Thuciam Thak pen Eclectic Greek Text (Nestle-Aland leh United Bible
Society’s Greek Text) siksanin teikhia uh hi.

Living Bible (1956-1974)

Kenneth Taylor in Mikang LST a sim nuam leh a tel baih Phillips letkhiat tuma kum
10 lai pekin a om khit hangin tua tawh a kibang mah a kiim a pam a te tel nop dingin “The
Living Bible Paraphrase” cih LST khat bawlkhia hi. Taylor in a khualzinna America sung leh
Canada te ah thugen in a paina panin a hunzui a kizang Mikang pau tawh LST letkhiat
ding kitangsam sa mahmah hi. Aman tano 10 nei hi. A tate in ama LST neih masak pen
ahi, King James Version pen tel haksa mahmah uh hi. A tate tungah LST tangthu a gen
ciangin a hun zui-a Mikangpau tawh hilhcian kik hi. A hun zui-a Mikangpau tawh LST let-
khia leng midangte in zong phattuamna nei ding cih thei hi. A masa penpen 1956 kumin
LST letkhiat hong kipan hi. Tua laitak amah pen “Moody Literature Mission of the Moddy
Press” ah Director sem hi. Hih hun sungin LST letkhiat ding geel hi. Hong kipan pah a,
1962 kumin “Living Letters” hong bawlkhia hi. 1965 kum ciangin “Living Prophecies” hong
bawlkhia kik hi. 1966 kum ciangin, “Living Gospels”, 1967 kum ciangin Thuciam Thak bu
hong bawlkhia hi. 1967 kum mah in “Living Psalms” hong bawlkhia kik a, 1968 kum ciangin
“Living Lessons of Life and Love” bawlkhia leuleu hi. 1970 kumin “Living History of Israel”
bawlkhia in, 1971 kum ciangin LST buppi zo siang hi. LST buppi hong bawlkhiat ciangin a
thulu dingin, “Living Bible” ci-in min vawh hi. A lailetkhiat dan hoih kisa mahmah a, Wil-
liam Tyndale khit ah lailetkhia siam “Father of Translation” cih pahtawina ngah hi.

Hih LST bawlkhiat hong kipatna pen King James Version tel hak a sa a tate tung-
tawnin a piangkhia ahi hi. Ahi zongin hong hawmkhiat ciangin Mikang khangnote in zat
nuam sa thei mahmah in “Living Bible” in min hoih ngah mahmah hi. 1965 kumin Whea-
ton Collge te in Kenneth Tylor tungah “Honorary Doctor of Literature” cih pahtawina LST a

322 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

letkhiatna hangin pia uh hi. Mikang kam-in Version tuamtuam tawh zong kibawl khia hi.
1969 kumin “Reach Out”, 1973 kumin “The Way: Catholic Version”, 1973 kumin “Soul Food”
cihte zong kibawlkhia hi. 1963 kumin Billy Graham in Graham Television panin “Living Bi-
ble” thu kitangko khiatsak hi. Million 9 bang kihawmkhia hi. 1972 kumin USA gamah LST a
kikhawng pen khat in kiciamteh hi. Tua kumin US dollar $ a million a sim tampi ngah uha,
1973 kum ciangin US dollar $ million 8 man khawng leuleu hi.

1974 kumin USA gam sungah 46% khawng a, US dollar $ million 20 ngah uh hi.
September, 1977 kumin “Christian Bestseller’s Magazine” sungah a kikhawng penpen LST
top 10 lakah 1 hi ci-in genkhia uh hi. 1901 kumin a kibawlkhia American Standard Version
siksan in Kethneth Tylor in a teikhiat ahi hi. American Standard Version in Samaritan Pen-
tateuch, Septuagint, Syriac Peshitta panin Thuciam Lui etkaak uh ahi hi. Thuciam Thak
lam pen King James Version in a lakna Textus Receptus pan hi-a, American Standard
Version in King James Version pan etkaak ahi hi. Tua manin Kenneth Taylor bawlkhiat
“Living Bible” in Mikang LST sungah a telnop leh sim nuam a kisa LST min a ngah mah-
mah khat suak hi.

New American Standard Bible (1959-1971)

1959 kumin, the Lockman Foundation of La Habra, California in a patkhiat LST let-
khiat khat nei hi. 1901 kumin “American Standard Version” hong khen khia uh hi. American
Standard Copyright of the ASV hong bei ciangin, Lockman Foundation in amau thu tawh
puahpha to uh hi. 1971 kum ciangin hih LST “New American Standard Bible” ci uh hi. Hih
LST a puahpha pawlpi tuamtuam panin mi 58 hong kikaikhawm uh hi. Hih NASB in LST a
kigelh cilna Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek pen Pasian’ humuap taktak in sang uh hi. LST in
a tawntung Pasian kammal ahih manin LST in a genkhiat thute a khangkhang adingin
hotkhiatna ngah nading pilna hong pia a, vangliatna nei-in a siangtho mihingte tungah
Pasian vangliatna tawh Christ a dingin na a kisem zo cih muang uh hi. Editorial Board te
in a letkhiat uh ciangin zuih ding thukhun nei uh hi. LST kigelh cilna kampau bulpite tawh
a kinai thei penpen in letkhiat ding leh a hunzui Mikang laigelhzia leh zat dan zui dingin
thukhun nei uh hi. Sim nuam ding; tel nop ding cih mungtuppi in nei uh hi. Lockman
Foundation in mungtuppi 4 zuih dingin khentatna genkhia hi.

• LST kigelh cilna a maan pen Hebrew, Aramaic leh Greek pan mahin letkhia ding hi.
• Laigualh zia leh laigelhzia Grammar maan takin kizang ding hi.
• Mipite tel zawh dingin letkhia ding hi.
• Topa Jesuh Christ mun ah “Amah” (Him) cih bang “Ai-awh min” zang vet lo ding

hi.

Kipawlkhawm in letkhia uh hi. ASV laimal siksan uh ahih manin pawlkhat a kheel
uh zong om hi. A kheel uh kammal minthang deuhte tomcik kong gualsuk hi.

• “Jehovah”, Pasian aituam min mun ah, Thuciam Lui ah kizang pen, NASB in “Topa”

(Lord) cih tawh kheel uh hi.

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 323

• “Thou”, “Thee” leh “Thy” cih kammal te NASB in thungetna kammal leh Pasian min

lawhna longal ah zang vet lo uh hi. A zat uh ciang “Christ” min lawhna munte ah
zang uh hi.

• Old English “Thee” leh “Thou” cihte tangkam ahih manin a hunzui-in Mikangpau

kizatzia tawh NASB teikhiate in khek to lel uh hi.

• Kammalte leh kamlom omte nidang kum 20 lai pek pan a kitelkhial thei kam-

malte a hunzui a Mikangpaute tawh kheelsak uh hi.

• A taangte (Verses) kammal haksa luate leh laigualhzia a tel hakte Mikang kam

tawh a baihzaw in letkhiakik uh hi.

• Laigual kipatna ah “And” cih tawh a kipante a hunzui- in kizang Mikang kam tawh

letkhia kik uh hi.

Greek leh Hebrew in laimal khawlna ciaptehna (Punctuation) Mikang lai bangin
nei lo ahih manin a kitangsap hunhun in a hun tawh kizui Mikang kammal zat ding hi ci
uh hi. (Gentehna”And” cihpen khiatna dang tawh na kikhia thei mawk hi. Gentehna “And”
mun ah “then”, “But” cih khawngin zong kizang thei hi.

Message Bible (1993-1997)

Message LST pen Living Bible (1970) tawh a kibang pian hi-a, 1990 kumin bawlkh-
iat ding kipankhia hi. Greek LST panin kiteikhia masa in a nung ciangin, a sawt lo-in He-
brew LST panin kiteikhia hi. Hih Message Version pen a hun zui-a kizang Mikang pau tawh
kiteikhia hi-a, a bawlkhia pen Eugene H.Peterson ahi hi. Regent College, Vancouver ah
theology professor sem hi. Christ Our King Presbyterian Church, Bel Air, Maryland ah
zong Pastor kum 29 bang sem hi. Hih pastor a sep sungin LST teikhiat Version thak “The
Message” hong kipan hi. Hih Version Peterson’ in Thuciam Thak a sep laitakin a sittelpih, a
huh khate in William W. Klein (Denver Seminary), Darrell L.Bock (Dallas Theological Sem-
inary), Donald A.Hagner (Fuller Theological Seminary), Moises Silva (Gordon-Conwell),
Rodney A. Whiteacre (Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry) te ahi uh hi. A siksan pen “The
Greek New Testament (United Bible Society’s Greek Text, 1993, 4th Edition” ahi hi. A letkh-
iatzia pen “Paraphrase” zang hi. Hih “Message Version”, Thuciam Thak hong piankhiat
nadingin sum tha a sik pen Navpresste ahi hi. 1993 kumin hong kikhen khia hi. Thuciam
Lui a letkhiatte in Late, Paunak, Job, Thuhilhsia, Solomon La bute 1997 kumin khenkhia a, a
nung lam peek ciangin Thuciam Lui a cian laite tawh hong bawlkhia hi.

New Living Translation (1996-2007)

“Living Bible” pen sim nop leh tel nop mahmah ahih manin Mikangte in deih thei
mahmah uha, million 40 bang kizuakkhia hi. Tua bang ahih hangin kum 20 bang hong
cin khit ciangin, 1989 kumin etphatkik ding hoih kisa hi. 1996 kumin “Holy Bible: New Liv-
ing Translation” thulu pia uh hi. A simte lam panin kilamdanna mukhia uh hi. Tyndale
House in “Living Bible” kikhen khia pen pastorte leh Professorte in na sang zo lo uh hi. Lai-
hilh Professorte in “Living Bible” hoihsaklohna leh thanemna na mukhia uh hi. Banghang

324 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

hiam cihleh Kenneth Taylor in kammal a zatte Arminianism upna leh dispensationalism
of the Scofield Reference Bible upna zui-in a letkhiatna mu uh hi, ci hi. Tua ahih manin
Tyndale House laikhenkhiate in koici bangin “Living Bible” pen thuhilhsiate in a lungk-
impih nading un, hoih takin sittel kik uh hi. Committee of seminary professors in “Living
Bible” puahphat hong kipankhia kik uh hi. Tua ciangin laihilh Professorte puahphatna ah
hong kihel leh muibun mahmah ding cih ngaihsutna om hi. Tua ciangin a tawpna ah
mipil 90 te in Kenneth Taylor’ “Living Bible” hong enkik uha, hong puahphato uh hi. Kum
6 sung bang “Living Bible” puahphate in hun hong la uh hi. Nasep hong kipat uh ciangin,
hih a puahphate pawl in “Dynamic Equivalency Version” tawh a letkhiat zawh nadingin,
hong hanciam uh hi. Tua ciangin 1996 kumin “New Living Translation” a masa pen hong
khenkhia uh hi. Sum bei khempeuh Kenneth Taylor leh Tyndale House laibu khente mah
in sik uh hi. Tua ciangin buaina pawlkhat hong mukhia leuleu uha, a nihveina puahp-
phatna (2004 leh 2007) kumin hong nei leuleu uh hi.

Upna kibang lo pawlpi tuamtuam panin mi tampi in puahpha in a letkhiat uh ahi
hi. “New Living Translation” letkhiatna ah a man siang dong a kihelte in Daniel I. Block
(Southern Baptist Theological Semnary), Craig Blomberg (Denver Conservative Baptist
Seminary), Federic W. Bush (Fuller Theological Seminary), D.A Carson (Trinity Evangelical
Divinity School), Donald A.Hagner (Fuller Baptist Seminary), Tremper Longman III (West-
minister Theological Seminary), Scot McKnight (North Park Collge), Douglas J.Moo (Trin-
ity), Moses Silva (Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary), Klyne Snodgrass (North Park
Theological Seminary), Hugh G.M.Williamson (Oxfort University) leh Al Wolters (Redeemer
Collge) te ahi uh hi. LST (Thuciam Lui) tangthu bute, Lakam bute, Kamsangte, LST (Thuci-
am Thak) Gospel bute, Sawltakte Tangthu, Laikhakte leh Mangmuhna bute a puahpha
ding dawl 6 in kikhen uh hi. Hih a kiseh bangin amau vaipuak ciat a zawh uh ciang endik
lianpente tungah apto uh hi. Hih a lianpente in a endik khit uh ciangin Mikang lai gualhzia
a siam mahmahte tungah apto lai uh hi. A tawpna penpen ah taang khat khit taangkhat
in a sittel kik ding Committee kiseh leuleu uh hi. Thuciam Lui pen Hebrew Masoretic Text,
the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (1977) siksan bulpi in nei uh hi. Thuciam Thak pen
“The Greek New Testament (United Bible Society 4th Edition, 1993), Novum Testamentum
Graece (Nestle and Aland’s 27th Edition, 1993) siksan bulpi in nei in letkhia uh hi.

New King James Version (1979-1982)

Sam Moore pen hih LST kikhetkhiatna ah mapangpen khat hi-a, Thomas Nelson
Corporation ah makaipi sem hi. Americante a tamzaw in King James Version (Authorized
Version zong kici) um phadiak uh hi. Tua ahih manin Mikang LST a minthang tampi om
mah taseleh USA ah King James Version seh 3 suah seh 1 in deih mahmah uh hi. King
James Version pen kammal tel hak kisa ahih manin a hun zui-a kizang Mikang pau tawh
puahphat dingin hoih kisa hi. New King James Version puahphate in a genna ah King
James Version pen 5 vei sangin a tamzaw kipuahpha hi ci-in thumasa ah pulaak hi. A
kipuahphat kik hunin, 1629, 1638, 1722 kumin Thomas Paris in puah, 1769 kumin Benjamin
Blayney in puah, Revised Version (1881-1885) in puahpha kik, American Standard Version

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 325

(1901) in puahpha kik, New American Standard Bible (1971) in puahpha kik, King James
Version II (1971) in puahpha kik a, hi bang danin King James Version kipuahpha hi, ci-in
tangthu ah kiciamteh hi. New King James Version in Conservative mipil (130) in a teikhiat
LST ahi hi. Thuciam Lui a letkhia dingin endik tawh a thuah William White makai dingin
kiseh a, a nung lam ciangin James D. Price (Temple Baptist Theological Seminary) in
makaipi sem hi. Thuciam Thak lam a letkhia dingin Arthur Farstad (Dallas Theological
Seminary) a makaipi dingin kiseh hi. King James Version (1611) bangin letkhiat zawh ding
hanciam uh hi. Ahi zongin King James Version in Apocrypha bute tawh kigawm in kikhen
khia ngei khin ahih manin New King James Version in Apocrypha tawh gawmkhop loh
ding thukimnna bawl uh hi.

New King James Version hong kibawlkhiat ciangin, a om sa LSTte sangin a bu ki-
neusak zaw in puak kawikawi theih dingin kibawl hi. “New King James Version” in a tawn-
tungin LST khempeuh lakah a kikhawng pen LST bu ahi hi. July 2012 kumin a nunnung pen
JWG in United States gam sungah NIV leh KJV khit ah, a kikhawng pen in ciamteh uh hi.
Dallas Theological Seminary ah Greek Professor a sem, Dr. Arthur Parstad in King James
Version, a hun zui a kizang Mikang kam tawh letkhiatkik ding muhkholhna nei masa khat
ahi hi. Hih Version pen tuhun Mikangpau zui-in letkhiat ding hoih kisa mahmah hi. New
King James Version letkhiat hong kipat kum pen 1975 kum ahi hi. LST lam pilna nei, Pas-
torte leh Pasian’ thuthuk pilna nei mi kigawm 130 in hong letkhiat kik uh ahi hi. Hih mi 130
te nihvei Nashille leh Chicago ah kimuhkhopna nei uha, amau teng mah in NKJV letkhi-
atna hong piang theih nadingin Committee hong phuankhia pah uh hi. 1611 King James
Version in laigelhzia, laimal zat hoih mahmah himah taseleh, hih LST puahpha dingte’
mungtup leh geelna in King James Version sunga kammal haksate Mikang kam tawh a
hun tawh kituakto in kheel ding cih ahi hi.

Hebrew khutgelhte Sih Tuipi Laizial (DSS) zong om ta ahih manin hih thu a tel-
suut thei mi muanhuai vive ahi uh hi. Amau mungtupna ah New King James Version in
a bawlkhiat zawh ciangin lai lam thuk kante a huh mahmah ding, a thupiangte genna
kician ding, a bu simin a tangthu hilhcian ding leh kammal khiatna koih ding cih khentat
uh hi. Kum 7 sungin kizo siang ding hi ci uh hi. Thomas Nelson, Inc pen a khenkhiapa ahi
hi. 1979 kumin Thuciam Thak kikhen khia hi. Late bu 1980 kumin kikhen khia in, Thuciam
Thak leh Thuciam Lui buppi 1982 kumin kikhen khia hi. Revised Authorized Version panin
NKJV kikhen khia a, KJV (the Authorized Version) pen “Revised Authorized Version” ci-in
kikhen khia ngei a, tu-in New King James Version” ci-in kizang hi. New King James Ver-
sion thu masa (p. v-vi), sungah NKJV in 1967/1977 “Stuttgart Edition of the Biblia Hebraica”,
Thuciam Lui LST pau bulte siksanin kizang ci hi. A cihnopna ah 1611 kum a King James
Version LST letkhiate siksante a tamzaw tawh hoih takin etkaak in kiletkhia a cihna ahi hi.

King James Version leh New King James Version in “Masoretic Text leh Majority
Text” etkaak in zang tuak uha, ahi zongin, NKJV in KJV 1611 a kiletkhiat hun a khutgelhlaite
(Manuscriptes) a zatte uh sangin upazawte zang uh hi. 1967/1977 “Stuttgart Edition of
Biblia Hebraica” NKJV in zangin a upazaw khut gelh “Leningrad Manuscript B 19 a” et-

326 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

kaak uh hi. Thuciam Thak a dingin “New King James Version” in “Textus Receptus” (“Re-
ceived Text”) zangin, King James Version ii siksan tawh kibang lian cihna ahi hi. NKJV in
thu masa a gelhna sunga, a theihsakna ah “Novum Testamentum Graece” (Designated
NU after Nestle-Aland and United Bible Societies) leh Majority Text (designated M) ki-
zang hi ci-in kigelh hi. NKJV lailetkhiate in “Formal equivalence ” tawh letkhia in, “Com-
plete Equivalence” taktak hi ci uh hi. “Dynamic Equivalence” tawh a deihna kituak veve hi,
cihna hi. King James Version sunga om khin Mikang kamin laimal, a luanzia, lailetzia, a
cihnopnate leh kammalte pawlkhat bel a tel nop dingin a kilaih hi bek hi. A tamzaw kam-
mal laihte pen min tangin kizang (Pronouns) pawlkhat kikheel bek hi. Gentehna in King
James Version in a zat “Thou”, “Ye”, “Thy” leh “Thine” cihte NKJV in zang nawnlo hi. Tua
ciang Verb form pawlkhat a kheelte in tulai-in kizang kammal tawh laih uh hi. Gentehna
in NKJV in “Speaketh” sangin “Speaks” zang zaw ta hi. Mikang LST Version tuamtuamte a
thu a kicingin gelh ding cileng laibu sah lua dingahih manin LST min, a bawlkhiat kum leh
a bawlkhiatna mun cih bangin a tel nop dingin a nuai ah Version minthang deuh teng
kong lakkhia hi.

KUM (1900-1950) KUM KIKAL MIKANG VERSIONTE MUN
1900 LST MIN London
1901 New York
1901 Hayman’s Epistles New York
1901 The American Standard Version Edinburgh
1901 Mordern American Bible New York
1901 Moffatt’s Historical New Testament London
1901 Twentieth Century New Testament Philadelphia
1902 Way’s Epistles New York
1902 Young People’s Bible Cincinnati
1903 Rotherham’s Emphasized Bible London
1903 Godbey’s New Testament London
1904 Fenton’s Bible Louisville
1905 Weymouth’s New Testament London
1907 Worrell’s New Testament New York
1907 Lloyd’s New Testament London
1908 Moulton’s Modern Reader’s Bible London
1909 Bourne’s Gospel Philadelphia
1909 Rutherford’s Epistles Pennsylvania
1912 Weaver New Testament Philadelphia
The Bible in Modern English
Improved Bible Union Version

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 327

1914 Numeric New Testament Connecticut
1914 Cunnington’s New Testament London
1917 The Holy Scripture Acc. to the Maoretic Text Philadelphia
1918 Anderson New Testament Cincinnati
1919 The Message of the Bible New York
1921 Shorter Bible New York
1922 Plainer Bible Jersey City
1923 Riverside New Testament Boston
1924 Mongomery’s Centenary Translation Philadelphia
1924 Labor Determinative Version Jackson
1924 Moffatt’s, The Old Testament, NT (1913) London
1925 People’s New Covenant California
1925 Children’s Bible New York
1927 Kent’s Student’s Old Testament New York
1927 The Bible: An American Translation, NT (1923) Chicago
1927 Christian’s Bible Pennsylvania
1928 Czarnomska Version New York
1933 Torrey’s Four Gospels New York
1934 Royd’s Epistles and Gospels Oxford
1934 Old Testament in Colloquial English -
1934 The Documents of New Testament London
1935 Westminster Version London
1937 Greber’s New Testament New York
1937 Martin’s New Testament Nashville
1937 Spencer’s New Testament New York
1937 William’s New Testament Chicago
1938 Book of Books London
1938 Clementson’s New Testament Pittsburgh
1940 Dake’s Gospels Chicago
1941 Confraternity New Testament -
1944 Wand’s New Testament Letters Bribane
1945 Stringfellow’s New Testament Dubuque
1945 Knox’ New Testament London

328 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

1946 Lenski’s New Testament Columbus
1946 Revised Standard Version: NT New York
1947 Swann’s New Testament Louisville
1948 Letchworth New Testament Letchworth
1948 Knox’s Whole Bible London
1949 Basic Bible Cambridge

(1951-1996) KUM KIKAL MIKANG VERSIONTE

KUM LST MIN MUN
1951
1952 Authentic Version Plattsburg
1952
1952 New Testament in Plain English London
1954
1954 Revised Standard Version: Old Testament New York
1955
1955 Rieu’s Penguin Bible London
1956
1957 Kleist and Lilly’s New Testament Milwaukee
1957
1958 Moore’s New Testament Maryland
1958
1958 Knox’s Bible London
1959
1960 Schonfield’s Authentic New Testament London
1961
1961 Laubach’s Inspired Letters New York
1961
1961 Concordant Version Los Angeles
1961
1962 Lamsa,The Holy Bible From Ancient Eastern Manuscripts Philadelphia
1963
1963 Phillip’s New Testment New York
1964
Meissner’s Gospel Portland

Tomanek’s New Testament Pocatello

Modern Language Bible (Berkeley) Grand Rapids

The Children’s “King James” Indiana

New World Translation - Jehovah’s Witnesses New York

Noli’s GreekOrthodox New Testament Boston

One Way:The Jesus People New Testament California

Simplified New Testament Grand Rapids

Wuest’s Expanded New Testament Grand Rapids

Children’s Version New York

Beck’s New Testament St.Louis

The Holy Name Bible Irvington

Anchor Bible New York

MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU | 329

1965 Amplified Bible Grand Rapids
1965 Bruce’s Expanded Paraphrase Exeter
1966 The Bible in Simpilfied English Collegeville
1966 Jerusalem Bible London
1966 Living Scriptures New York
1967 Dales’ New World London
1967 Liverpool Vernacular Gospels London
1968 Cotton Pach Version New York
1968 Restoration of the Original Name New Testament Junction City
1969 Barclay’s New Testament London
1969 Children’s New Testament Waco
1970 The Mercier New Testament Cork,U.K
1970 New American Bible New York
1970 New English Bible Oxford
1971 King James Version II New Testament Michigan
1971 Living Bible Wheaton
1971 New American Standard Bible Illinois
1972 The Bible in Living English New York
1973 The Common Bible New York
1973 A Child’s Bible New York
1973 New International Version:New Testament Grand Rapids
1973 The Better Version of New Testament Alabama
1973 The Translator’s New Testament London
1974 Klingensmith New Testament Fargo
1975 The Word Made Fresh Atlanta
1976 Good News Bible, Today’s English Version: NT, 1966 New York
1976 Beck’s: An American Translation Nashville
1976 Renaissance New Testament Kentucky
1976 New Life Testament Oregon
1977 The Gospels in Scouse London
1977 The Holy Bible for Children St.Louis
1977 Christian Counselor’s New Testament Grand Rapids
1978 The Holy Name Bible Maryland

330 | MIKANG LAISIANGTHO NUNUNGTE THU

1978 The New International Version Grand Rapids
1978 The New Jewish Version: The Prophets Philadelphia
1978 New Testament for the Deaf Grand Rapids
1979 The New King James Bible: New Testament Nashville
1982 The New Jewish Version: The Writings, Torah, 1962 Philadelphia
1982 The Reader’s Digest Bible New York
1989 The Revised English Bible Cambridge
1989 The New Revised Standard Version New York
1993 The Message Colorado
1996 New English Translation Study Bible: The Net Bible Washington
1996 New English Translation Illinois

·····0·····

19 KAWLKAM LEH ZOKAM LAISIANGTHO THU

Adonirum Judson Tangthu

Kawlgam ah Protestant lungdamna thupuak in James Chater leh Richard Mar-
don 1807 kumin hong pai ngei-a, tua nungah William Carey ii tapa upen Felix Carey in
na zom hi. Haksatna tuamtuam hangin amaute Kawlgam ah sawt hong om lo uh hi. July
13, 1813 kumin Judson kum 25 a phak laitakin, a zi Ann Hasseltine (Ann Nancy Judson)
tawh India pan Rangon Kawlgam ah hong tung uh hi. A zi naupaai laitak hi-a, Tembaw
tawh hong paina uah, a ta masa pen ding a zi nausia hi. Kawlmite in laisim kin cih a muh
ciangin Judson in Kawl lai kum 3 sung sin in, siam mahmah hi. Kum 6 sung Pasian na
hong sep khit uh ciangin 1819 kum sungin Maung Naw kici Kawlmi khat Christian hong
suak hi. Tawmtawm in hong khanga, 1820 kum ciangin tuiphumsa mi 10 hong pha to hi.
Amau gam tawh khua hun kilamdang lua mahmah ahih manin cina pahpah uh hi. Ran-
gon a tun khit ua, a suak a tapa Roger kha 6 a phak laitakin hong si hi.

1820 kum ciangin a zi Nancy hong damlohna hangin Culcutta zuan uha, dam
siang tuan lo ahih manin 1822 kumin Nancy America ah ciahsuak sak in Judson kia Kawl-
gam ah hong kileh hi. A zi Nancy om loh sungin Judson in LST Thuciam Thak Kawl kamin
hong tei-a, kum khat zong cingtak lo-in zo ziau hi. A naseppih siavuan sangmang Dr.
Jonathan Price tawh Kawl kumpite in a khuapi Ava ah sam to uha, tawlkhat sung uliante
maipha mu uh hi. Nancy zong Kawlgam hong tung kik ta in a pasalte omna Ava mah
zuanto suak hi. Ahi zongin, Englandte in Kawlgam a laak nop ciangin thu khempeuh hong
kisong sawlawi gawp hi. Kawl kumpite in gamdang mi peuh mah gal dingin ummawh
pah uh hi. 1824-1826 kumin Mangkangte leh Kawlte gal kido uha, Kawl gam nuai lam
teng Mangkang ten la uh hi. Danuphiu kidona ah Bandola leh Kawlte in a lelh uh ciangin,
lunghamsa-in ong ciah uha, gamdangmi teng manin thongah koih uh hi. June 8, 1824
ni-in Judson, Dr. Price, Mangkangte mi thum leh Greek mi khat, Kawl kumpi-in manin Ava
(Innwa) thongah miginalo lom tang tawh khum khawm uh hi.

332 | KAWLKAM LEH ZOKAM LAISIANGTHO THU

Ava Thong

Cikziat-lohna-thong “Let-ma-yohn” (Hand Shrink not) a kici Ava thong in minthang
mahmah hi. Tua thong inn pen a dung pi 40, a vai pi 30, a sanna pi 5 pi 6 bang hi-in,
a tung khum ken bilbel a, kawmpeek kikaal vang neute pan longal huih lutna ding om
lo hi. Thong sungah mi 100 bang, numei pasal khen lo-in, kikoih khawm hi. Nitak simin
thongkiate ngawngtan nading thongcingte’ temtat ging za den uh hi. Nisimin zam golpi
khat kitumin a sauvei lo-in kong kihong in mi khatta kisam khia-a, kong hong kikhak kik
tak ciangin kei tuni hing lai ing ei, ci-in khuisa ciat uh hi. Tua thong sunga omte in kei hun
ding bang hun ai tam ci-in lamet bei dongin ngak uh hi. Judson a mat un, a zi mai-ah
sawngawp, suigawp in talkaih-gawp uh hi. Kawl kumpi-in a tel khialh theih nadingin
Bengal panin Americate in mission huhna sum a puak ciangun, Mr. Gouger kici Mang-
kangpa tungtawnin puak uh ahih manin Mikangte tawh kigul luk dingin upmawhna nei
uh hi. Thong sunga, a gentheihzia uhpen gen zawh vet ding hi lo hi. Nancy pen numei tei
mahmah khat ahih manin uliante maipha zong mumawh lo hi. Englandte in Kawlgam
a simna leh a pasal a kisai hetlo-in a kimatna thu uliante tung va gen zel a, khatveivei
Nancy hangin Judson a nuamzaw deuh in kibawl hi. Khatvei, Judson thong a kiat sungin
Kawl kumpite in Rangon-a Judson inn pheklek uh hi.

Kawl ulianpi khat ii deihsakna tawh Judson zi Nancy tungah kumpite in a inn
pheklek dingin pai ding a hih lam theisak khol hi. Van thupi teng leh Kawl LST tei bang
pen lei-ah phum hi. Sawt leh leikha in a nek tum ding lau-in pholhkhia zel hi. LST tei bang
lukham tawh hualkhawm in Judson kiangah a zi Nancy in puak sim hi. Tua bang haksat-
na a tuah kawm kaal uah Judson a kimat zawh kha 8 khit ciangin ta numei no khat, Maria
nei uh hi. 1825 kum May kha ciangin England galkapte in Kawlgam khuapi Ava manawh
in hong kuanto cih thu a kizak ciangin thongkia teng Ava thong panin Aungpinele a cih-
na munah kisuan hi. Ava thongah kha 11 sung kia in, kha 9 sung sikkol kop 3 in kikhih a,
kha 2 sung kop 5 tawh kikhih hi. Ava thong panin tai 10 gamlatna Aungpinle ah a kipuak
ciangin nisa sehnel sa tungah khe guak in kipaisak ahih manin, a lawm khat Greekpa
bang gim lua in lampi ah si hi. Judson zong a khe pol in a si luang gawp a, a lawmte khat
in puansia tawh tunsak hi.

Judson a khe nuaite polkhia in a sangeek panin si luanga, a guh ciang ban dek
phial hi. Gunlei khat a tun uh ciangin gunlei panin tuak a, amah leh amah kithah ding
ciang a lungsim ah lutman hi. Hih bangin a thong kituah lam uh Nancy in a cil in thei lo-
in nung theih pan hi. A pasal a suahtak nading mah hanciamin kipeipei hi. Tua banga,
a kipeipei na teng tawh a ci hong na kik hi. A tanu Maria nangawn don zo nawn lo hi. Tua
ahih manin thunei ten Judson ni khat in nihvei pusuaksak in Judson in Maria tawi kawmin
Kawl nupite kiangah a nau nawi ne lai Maria adingin nawi siim pih den hi. Judson Ava
thong panin Aungpinle a kituahna ah Pasian nasep a lamdang mahmah khat om hi. Hih
Pasian nasepna in LST pen Pasian kammal taktak ahihna leh Pasian in a kammal huu-
in kem ahihna kimu thei hi. Judson Aungpinle a pai ciangin lukham in a neih a Kawl lai
LST teite pua thei lo hi. A nasepsa tampite a mawkna suakta aive maw ci-in Judson dah

KAWLKAM LEH ZOKAM LAISIANGTHO THU | 333

mahmah hi. Ahi zongin, Pasian in a kammal LST na huu-in na kem hi. Thongcingte khat
in Judson van nusiat sungah a deihhuai khat peuh a om kha hiam ci-in pai-in va en hi. A
lukham mu hi, ahi zongin, laktaak sa lo-in, ninkholna ah khia suk hi. Tua khit ciangin Jud-
son sawltangzangpa Maung Ing thongah hong pai-in a pu in van nusiat khak khat peuh
a nei kha hiam ci-in va zong hi. Lukham a kituam Judson’ Kawl LST kitei a muh ciangin inn
ah hong ciahpih pah vingveng hi.

Tua thu Judson in a zak ciangin nuam mahmah a, Pasian tungah lungdam ko
hi. A pasal suahtak nading Nancy pen Kawl uliante kiangah hawh kawikawi-in golhguk
pia kawikawi hi. A lawmpa Judson a thongkiat sungin a tanu Maria Elizabeth suak hi. A
nausuah tawh a pasal thongkia, a phak nopna tawh Ann N. Judson in gentheihna nam
kim thuak hi. Judson in a lungsim na a sak penpen khat in a zi in Aungpinle mun thei lo-
in bawngleng cial in a ta ngeekpi tawh leivui khu leh nisa hamnuai-a, a pai tantan pen
khasiat mahmah hi. Kum khat leh a lang sung thong a kiat khit ciangin 1825 kum Nove-
mver kha in Judson hong suakta petpet sam hi. Hih a suahtak hun sung pen Judsonte
nupa adingin a nuntak khop sung uah a nuam pen hun khat suak hi. February 24,1826
ni-in Mangkangte leh Kawlte kilemna Yan-tabo Thuciamna ah kamphen dingin Judson
kisam hi. Tawlkhat khit ciangin Rangon paisuak in tua panin Amherst ah paisuak uh hi.
Ahi zongin, kumpi nihte thukikupna huh dingin Judson Ava ah pai kik hi. A ciah kik thei
pah ding a kisak leh a kha bang hong sawt mawk hi. Tua kawmkaal in, a it mahmah a
zi Nancy na si mawk hi. A sih zawh tawlkhat khit ciangin Nancy si khin hi cih zaksakna lai
nung ngah san hi.

Nancy in a nasemnu kiangah Siapa (A Pasal) hong tung hak si e, ka tanu limtak
na khoisak in maw ci-in vaikhak hi. A pasal a phawkna leh a ngaihna a gen kawmin
October 24, 1826 kumin Judson zi, Nancy kum 37 a phak laitakin a nuntakna mual hong
liam ta hi. A sihna mun mah ah kivui-a, a han khuuk tu dongin Kyaihkhami ah omlai hi.
A zi Nancy hong sih nungah a tapa 3 na si leuleu hi. Amherst ah January 24, 1827 ni-in,
Judson hong tun kik ciangin a pawlpi te’n na dawn in, na kah ngeingai uh hi. A zi a om
nawn loh ban-ah, kum 75 a pha, a it mahmah a pa sihna thu November 26, 1826 ni-in za
hi. A tapa Roger Williams (1815-1818) kum kikaal ah si-a, a tanu Maria Elizabeth (1825-1827)
kumin si hi. Kawl kumpipa kiangah a pai kal in a zi, Nancy, October 24, 1826 kumin si leuleu
hi. Judson in a dah a kahna teng a mangngilh theih nadingin na naksep mahmah hi. LST
tei leh hotkhiatna thugen thuah hi. Bang zahta in nasep a hanciam hangin a lung gim
semsem hi. Nancy a nat laitak leh a sih lai takin a kiangah a om khak loh pen lungkim zo
peuh mah lo hi. Amah leh amah zong kimawhsak den hi. Kua mah tawh zong kimu nuam
lo-in, a lawmte tawh zong an ne khawm nuam nawnlo hi. A lungsim kisia phial a, gamlak
ah pai-in buk lam a, amah kia peuh om cip hi.

A omna ah hankhuk pi 3 zai, pi 6 sau khat to-in amah leh amah kithah sawm
mai hi. Sih ding bekbek peuh ngaihsut in nei hi. Ahi zongin, a naseppih a lawmte thun-
getsakna , thapiakna leh Kawlmi thu-umte thungetsakna tawh a lungsim hong hat kik
a kha tha hong ngah kik in, a beisa hunte nangawn sangin tha hong ngahzaw hi. Kawl

334 | KAWLKAM LEH ZOKAM LAISIANGTHO THU

gam sungah hong zin kawikawi a, a paina peuh ah Pasian in ompih hi. Kha mangthangte
in hotkhiatna ngah in thu-ummite in kilamthakna ngah uh hi. Hi bangin a zin kawikawi
ciangin a LST tei nasep mazang zo pha lo ahih lam Judson in mukhia hi. Tua ahih manin
kum 2 sung LST tei bekbek hong sep leh a hampi teng hong zo hi. Puahphat huai a sak
teng hong puahpha lai hi. Nancy a sih zawh kum 14 a cin kum 1840 kumin zo siang ta hi.
Judson in Kawl LST pen Hebrew leh Greek panin a tei ngiat ahi hi. Kawl lai zong siam mah-
mah ahih manin tuni-in Kawl LST pen a hoih mahmah LST khat suak hi. A zi si-in meigong
in a om laitakin, Karente lakah sangmang a sem, George D. Board ii zi, Sarah Boardman,
meigong tawh hong kimu uh hi. Amau meigong tuak April 10, 1834 ni-in kiteeng uh hi. A
kiteen un, Judson kum 46 pha a, Sarah kum 30 pha hi.

Sarah pen Kawlgam a Pasian nasem a hong pai George Boardman zi ahi hi. A
pasal in a sihsan hinapi amah kia in Pasian nasem in Kawlgam ah om suak hi. Jud-
son leh Sarah pen kituak mahmah uha, na zong sem khawm thei mahmah uh hi. Ahi
zongin, kum 10 sungin ta 8 tak hong nei tiltel mawk uha, Sarah zong inn sungvai tawh
buai lua ahih manin Pasian nasepna ah hun tam pia zo nawnlo hi. A cidamna zong
hong sukha-a, America ah zato siamte zuan dingin Judson leh a tate uh 3 tawh hong
dingkhia hi uh hi. Lamkaal St. Helena tuikulh (Koko tuikulh) hong tun ni, December 1, 1845
kumin Sarah Board in sih san leuleu hi. Lam kaal ah a zi a vui khit ciangin Judson leh a
tate America ah hong ciah suak uh hi. America a muh loh kum (33) pha hi. Tua sungin
America gam nakpi-in na khangto mahmah a, Judson in zong lamdang sa mahmah hi.
America a tun ciangin Kawlgam a Pasian’ na a sepnate leh a gentheihnate na kiza khin
a, minthang lua mahmah ahih manin a paina peuhpeuh ah ki-um luailuai keei hi. Mite
in Judson mahmah a mi in mu nuam in a thugen zong za nuam tek uh hi. Ahi zong khual
zin kawikawi in thu a gente kua man zaknop sa lo uh hi. Mite zaknop pen Kawlgam thu,
Kawlmite ngeina leh ama gentheihna cih khawng hi-a, ahi zongin Judson in tuate mal
khat zong gen lo hi.

Nisim phial in a zakzaksa uh hotkhiatna bek Judson in gen mawk hi. Hi bangin a
khualzinna ah laigelh siam nungakno Emily Chubbock tawh hong kituak kha uh hi. Jud-
son in hih nu laigelhzia hoih sa in, ahi zongin, Pasian thu tawh kisai laigelh lo-a leitung thu
a gelh pen paammaih sa mahmah hi. A zi nihna Sarah thu a gelh dingin a cial leh Emily
in zong na mang pah a, hong kithuah toto uh hi. A kimuh a kitheih zawh uh kha khat nan-
gawn zong a pha cian nai lo pi-in, Judson in Emily teenpih dingin dong dihmawk hi. Tua
hun laitak Judson pen Pasian phial a kituat kimlai leitung thu laigelh, ama kum zah lang
khawng bek a pha pan nungakno khat tawh tua bang a, a kingaih uh ciangin ki-awi lo
hi. Amau lah ta tuan het lo-in 2 June, 1846 kumin hong kiteeng uh hi. Eimily tawh a kiteen
khit a mai kha ciangin Sarah Boardman tawh a neih a ta 3 te nusia in a zi thak tawh kawl-
gam hong zuan kik uh hi. A tate tawh a kimuh tawpna ahi hi. Sarah tawh a ta 8 te lakah
5 te hong cidam in nih in Pasian nasem in, khat siavuan suak a, numei khat sang siapi
suak in, khat in Union Army ah galkap sem hi. Judsonte nupa America panin Kawlgam
zuan kik dingin hong pai uha, St. Helena tuikulh hong tun ciang un, Judson lungsim sun-
gah a zi Sarah Boardman in “Nangh, kei guak hong nusia mawk maw” hong citam ci-in