spoken express

543

Write an application for a job

13 November 2011
The General Manager
(Human Resource Dept)
Hindalco Industries Ltd.
Mohan Bargavan
Madhya Pradesh

Sub: Applcation for the post of senior supervisor

Respected Sir,

Coming to understand through a reliable source that a vacancy exists
in your esteemed organization for the post of ‘senior supervisor’ in
the central store under your kind guidance. Therefore, I am submitting
my complete Bio-data sheet for your kind perusal.

Awaiting for a positive reply from your end in this regard.

Thanking you.
Yours sincerely,
Chandra Prakash Tiwari
S/O Jitendra Prakash Tiwari

Write a letter to the Chairman of your municipal corporation
complaining about unhygienic condition of the locality and
requesting him to take necessary steps

12 January, 2011
The Chairman
Municipal corporation
Hazratganj, Lucknow

Sub: Attention towards the unhygienic condition

Dear Sir,

I want to draw your kind attention towards the poor sanitary
condition of Hazratganj market. It is regrettable that health officer has
not visited the area for the last three months. I kindly request you to
visit and see the foul smells and heaps of garbage along the roadside.
The market has no drainage system, and not a single dustbin is
available for disposal of garbage. For lack of proper garbage disposal
system in their houses, people dump the rubbish on the road, which
presents a picture of unsanitary condition of the locality. The
sweepers are also careless and not discharging their duties sincerely.
There is nothing but garbage heaps everywhere. It has become
breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes and ailments.
I am afraid if necessary steps are not taken in due course, epidemic
may break out.

Thanking you.

Yours sincerely,
Satish Tiwari

544

Business letters ¼O;olkf;d i=½

Write an application to a publisher to order books

10th july, 2011
M/S, Navneet Publishing house
80/B, Jamia nagar, New Delhi

Sub: Order of books
Dear Sir,
With reference to the above-mentioned subject, kindly note down the
prescribed books to be sent to us.
The list of the prescribed books is given hereunder. Please send one
copy of each of the following books at the given address at the
earliest, I shall be highly obliged.

1. Grammar –XI
2. Mathematics – IX
3. Social Science – VII
4. Spoken Express English speaking course
5. History – X

Waiting for an early response

Yours sincerely,

Faiz Ahmad
412/A, Gomtinagar
Lucknow

Reply to the above
Ref. No. ……………
Date: ……………….

To,
M/S, Navneet Publishing
New Delhi, ……
Dear Sir,

In compliance with your order dated 15 July, 2011, we have already
dispatched the required books through first flight courier services
bearing Docket No……….. Dated 20 July, 2011.
Kindly check and acknowledge the receipt of the same.

Yours faithfully,

M. Sharma
(Manager)

545

MOHD. AMIR

Mobile: 941…………
E-mail ID: [email protected]

Career Objective:

To utilize my knowledge and other attributes towards the working of the
company for achieving mutual benefits

Educational qualification:

Course/Exam Board Year of Passing %age
2002 71%
High School U.P. Board,
Board, 2004 62%
Allahabad

Intermediate U.P.

Allahabad

Professional qualification:

Bachelor of Computer PunjabTechnical 2010 first division

Application (BCA) University

Computer skills: UNIX, WIN XP, C, C++, JAVA, PHP
Playing and watching Cricket, reading books.
Hobbies:

Extra Curricular activities: 1. Participated in NCC and obtained B-certificate.
2. Participated in athletics in 100 meter race and
200 meters long jump during 2002-2003
3. Represented college Cricket team as captain in
the year 2003-2004

Personal Profile:

Father’s Name : Mohd. Ibrahim
08.06.1993
Date of Birth : Indian
Male
Nationality : Hindi, Urdu, English
Bachelor
Gender : Vill- Haiderganj, Post- Phoolpur,
Distict -Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
Languages known:

Marital Status :

Address :

Signature ………………….
Date: ………………………

546

PRADEEP KUMAR BANSAL

Mob: +91-941…………..
E-mail: [email protected]
74, Maldahia, Varanasi (UP)

Career Objective:

To be a part of an organization where I can get an opportunity to implement
my experience and strengths at optimum level for mutual growth

Working experience:

Working as Centre Head–cum-management faculty at College of Advance
Studies, Azamgarh w.e.f. August 2009 till date.

Worked as HR Manager in Hi-tech Groups of Companies, Gorakhpur w.e.f.
October 2005 to July 2008.
Worked as a director in Navneet Management College, Azamgarh w.e.f.
August 2005 to July 2009.

Educational qualification:

Course Board /University Division Passing Year

M.Sc. (Zoology) Gorakhpur, University 2nd 1977
Gorakhpur, University 1st 1975
B.Sc. (Bio.) 2nd

Intermediate (10+2) U.P. Board, Allahabad 1st 1972

High School (Class 10) U.P. Board, Allahabad 1971

Professional qualification:

Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Lucknow University in the
year 1983, securing 75%

Hobbies: Photography, Music

Extra-Curricular Activities:
• Participated as athlete in 100 meters, 200 meters and long jump
events in 1973 session.
• Participated in inter university cricket matches in the session 1974-75.

• Captain of College Cricket team in 1974.
• Represented Gorakhpur University Cricket Team in Inter-

University Matches during 1974-75.

Personal details:

Father’s Name Mr. Bharat Bhushan Bansal

Date of Birth 21.06.1957

Marital Status Married

Passport number A-92100S

Nationality Indian
Male
Sex /Gender Hindi, English, Bengali, Tamil
Dr. R.K. Singh, Dean and Professor
Languages known Lucknow University
Contact …………….
References: 1. Mr. Rakesh Rai, Executive Director
College of Advance Studies
2. Contact: 933………...

Date: ……………
Place: ……………
Signature: ……….

547

UNSEEN PASSAGE

Passage-1

Florence nightingale was born on 15th may, 1820 at Florence in Italy
and her parents called her after the city where she was born. Her sole
ambition was to be a nurse and, so she gave up all thoughts of
marriage and personal happiness. Day and night, she visited every bed
in the hospital to see that no patient was neglected and that all were as
comfortable as possible. Every night she would take her lamp and
move from bed to bed. The soldiers called her ‘the lady with the
lamp’ and that is the name by which the world has remembered her
ever since.

Questions:

1. When was Florence nightingale born?
2. What did Florence nightingale want to do?
Or
1. What was Florence nightingale sole ambition?
2. Why did she visit every bed in the hospital?

Answers:
1. Florence nightingale was born on 15th may, 1820.
2. Florence nightingale wanted to serve the suffering people.

1. Florence nightingale’s sole aim was to be a nurse.
2. She visited every bed in the hospital to see that no patient was
neglected.

Passage-2

A man was kept in jail without any fault. When the king visited the
jail, he told him that he was innocent. The king found out that it was
true. The king gave a sum of money and set him free. He went
straight to the market, where some birds were kept for sale. He
purchased all the birds from the shopkeeper and set them free. At this,
the shopkeeper was surprised. Then the man said to him, “If you had
been in prison like me for no fault, you would have done the same.

Questions:
1. Why was the shopkeeper surprised?
2. What did the man said to the shopkeeper?

548

Passage – 3

Vivekananda spoke of many things, but one constant refrain of his
speech and writing was ‘Abhay- be fearless, be strong. For him man
was no miserable sinner, but a part of divinity. Why should be afraid
of anything? “If there is sin in the world, it is weakness; avoid all
weaknesses. Weakness is sin, weakness is death. ” That had the great
lesson of Upanishads. Fear breeds evil, weeping and wailing. There
had been enough of that, enough of softness.

Questions:

1. What had been the great lesson of the Upanishads?
2. What did Vivekananda mean by ‘Abhay’?

Passage - 4

Early rising leads to health and happiness. The man, who rises late,
can have little rest in the course of the day. Anyone, who lies in the
bed late is compelled to work till late hour in the evening. He has to
go without evening exercise, which is so necessary for his health. In
spite of all his effort, his work will not produce as good result as that
of an early riser. The reason for this is that he cannot take the
advantage of the refreshing hours of the morning. Some people say
that the quiet hour of the midnight is the best only when they burn the
midnight oil. Yet it is true to say that few men have a great and clear
brain at midnight when the body needs rest and sleep. Those who
work at that time soon ruin their health. Bad health must, in the long
run, have a bad effect on the quality of their work.

Qestions. (1) Why is early rising better?
(11) How does working late in the night harm our body?
(111) (a) Give a suitable title to the above passage.
(b) Explain the underlined portion.

Passage - 5

Books are by far the most lasting product of human effort. Temples
crumble into ruin. Pictures and statues decay, but books survive. Time
does not destroy the great thoughts which are as fresh today as when
they first passed through the author’s mind. What was then thought
and said still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed pages.
The only effect of time has been to throw out of currency the bad
products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really
good. Without books, no fresh ideas are possible and without fresh
ideas no cultured society is possible. No wonder that the world keeps
its books with great care.
Questions:

1. How are the books the most lasting product of human effort?
2. Why are the bad books thrown out of currency?

549

¼dgkuh&ys[ku½

Here is an outline of story. Rewrite the story
A hungry fox……cock……a tree. So he lay…..ground…….weep
bitterly. The cock said, “why……. weeping so bitterly? The fox
said, I have…….a thorn……left eye. It is…..great pain. please
come down…….help me.” The cock at once…….wanted to
kill…..eat. So he said, “I am…..pulling…….thorn.
But…….call……farmer……help you.” The fox replied, “ No!
please….call the farmer. I shall…..get well.” Saying so……ran
away.

Ans. A hungry fox saw a cock on a tree. So he lay on the ground
and began to weep bitterly. The cock said, “Why are you weeping
so bitterly?” The fox said,” I have got a thorn in my left eye. It is
giving me great pain. Please come down and help me.” The cock at
once knew that the fox wanted to kill him and eat. So he said, “I
am not clever in pulling out the thorn. But I will call the farmer
and he will help you.” The fox replied, “No, please don’t call the
farmer. I shall soon get well”. Saying so, he ran away.

A tiger was
old and weak…..he could not go out…sat near his cave…..a jackal
passed by that way…..the tiger…..to talk…..he requested…..in his
cave…..the jackal hesitated….Jackal being clever…..said, “So
many going into the cave but none coming out.”……he
left…..tiger…..disappointed.

Difficult Words tiger& phrk] pass by&xtq j+ uk] cave& xqQk]
hesitated&fgpfdpk;k] disappointed& fujk”k

Complete the story with the following hints on the way
there….a stream. It….a bridge over it. when the dog……crossing
the bridge, he….his reflection in the water. He thought….that
there….another dog. So he….at…own reflection. As soon as
he….his mouth, his large piece…..meat….into the water.

Difficult Words stream&ty /kkjk] bridge&iqy] reflection& Áfrfcac]
ijNkbZ] piece&Vdq Mk

550

Sir Francis Bacon was the father of English Essays. The word
essay refers to a written prose-composition, which represents or
discus a particular theme in order to reach a particular conclusion. It
takes its topic from every walk of life.

Types of Essays: fuca/k eq[;r% pkj çdkj ds gksrs gaSA

Narrative Essays ¼fooj.kkRed fuca/k½% bl çdkj ds fuca/kksa esa chrh gqbZ
?kVukvksa dk o.kZu gkrs k gSA blds vUrxZr ,sfrgkfld thofu;ka] ;k=k o`rkUr bR;kfn
dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA
Descriptive Essays ¼o.kkZRed fuca/k ½% bl çdkj ds fuca/kksa esa i”kq&if{k;ksa]
çkd`frd n`”;ksa] laLFkkvkas vkfn dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA

Reflective Essays ¼foospukRed fuca/k ½% bl çdkj ds fuca/kksa esa fdlh fo’k;
ds dkj.k] gkfu ;k ykHk dh O;k[;k dh tkrh gS rFkk blds fujkdj.k ds fy, lq>ko Hkh
fn;s tkrs gSaA tSls] cjs kst+xkjh] ngst çFkk] çnw’k.k bR;kfnA

Imaginative Essays ¼dYiukRd fuca/k½% bl çdkj ds fuca/k dYiukRed
fopkjksa rFkk dkS”ky ij vk/kkfjr gkrs s gSaA-buls ys[ku dh fØ;k”khyrk rFkk xgjkbZ
ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA bl çdkj ds fuca/kksa ds vUrxrZ Þejs h vkUrfj{k ;k=kÞ] Þ;fn eSa ,d
fnu ds fy, eq[;e=h gkrs kÞ] Þ;fn eSa LokLFk e=a h gksrkÞ bR;kfn fo’k; vkrs gaSA

Short Essays (Part A)

A Policeman

Hints-1. Introduction 2. His uniform 3. His duties 4. His usefulness
Introduction: A policeman is a useful public servant. He is the
custodian of the law. He maintains the law and order in the society.
His uniform: He wears khaki dress, carries a gun and puts on a cap
on his head. He wears heavy black boot.
His duties:The basic duty of the police is to protect the interests and
properties of the public, and provide them safety and security. A
policeman is also responsible for the peace and harmony in the
society. He enforces law and order. He also ensures that the
government laws are followed properly. He maintains the law and
order in the society. He gets justice for the victims. He arrests
criminals, thieves, robbers and anti-social elements. His duty is very
hard and challenging. He hardly has any holidays. He has to be ready
all the time to handle any kind of situation. He may be transferred and
posted anywhere.
His usefulness: He is very useful for the people in villages and cities.
He maintains the traffic and helps the people to avoid accidents. He
may be called on duty anytime. His life is very busy. He also gets
orders from his seniors for arrests and investigations.

551

Time and origin: Diwali is a big and very important festival of the
Hindus. It is celebrated on Amavasya in the month of Kartik every year.
It is the festival of lights. It is the symbol of victory over evils. It marks
the victory of Lord Rama over Ravan, the cruel king of Lanka.
Preparation: Long before Diwali people start preparing for it. On this
occasion people clean, whitewash and decorate their houses, shops and
temples. Doors and windows are painted. Sofas and chairs are repaired.
Thus, a shining and beautiful look is given to the whole house. On the
evening of Diwali, people celebrate it by lighting candles, coloured bulbs
and earthen lamps on their houses, shops and buildings.
How it is celebrated?: The young and old put on new dresses. They
greet each other and distribute sweets. Children are in high-spirits and
purchase toys, balloons and musical pipe. During the night, there is a
great display of fireworks and crackers. The bright flames of the
fireworks present a beautiful and attractive sight. At night, the people
worship Laxmi.
Evils: Some people indulge in gambling and waste a lot of money. It is a
bad practice. It must be stopped, it is not a part of this sacred festival.

Help: festival of lights&nhiksa dk R;ksgkj] decorate&ltkuk] candle&eksecRrh]
earthen lamp&feV~Vh dk nh;k] spirits &tks”k] gamble&twvk [ksyu

My College

Its name and location: The name of my college is Shibli National
Post Graduate College. It is situated in the heart of Azamgarh city. It
is one of the oldest colleges of Azamgarh.
My college was established by Allama Shibli Nomani who was a
great scholar, cleric and freedom fighter.
Its building and facilities: The building of my College is very
imposing and attractive. The front gate is very high and gives an
impressive look to the college. My college has many facilities for
students. It has a very rich library furnished with large collection of
books. There is a big auditorium equipped with modern gadgets to
organize seminars, conferences and other events. My college has a big
playground for sports activities. All the classrooms are big and
spacious.
Its principal and Staff members: The Principal of my college is Mr.
…... He is a good administrator and scholar. He is a visionary person
and leads by example. Under his supervision, the college is making
tremendous progress. All the teachers are highly qualified, talented
and well trained. They are knowledgeable and experienced. They are
very sincere and dedicated to the cause of education.

552

Its students: Around five thousand students study in my college. The
strict discipline of my college is well known. All the students have to
obey rules and regulations of the college.
Conclusion: It produces excellent results every year with some of the
students appearing in the topper list. Therefore, my college is the best
place for education as far as Azamgarh is concerned.

Help: established&LFkkfir] scholar&fo}ku] imposing&jkscnkj] impressive&“kkunkj]

qualified&;ksX;] talented&izfrHkk”kkyh] auditorium&isz{kkx`g] equipped&lqlfTtr

My Favourite Hobby ‘Gardening’

Introduction: Hobby is an interesting pursuit from which we can
get pleasure and amusement in our spare time. According to
individual interest, different people take up different hobbies. My
favourite hobby is gardening.
Why I like it?: I like it because I get fruits, vegetables and sweet
fragrance of flowers. Gardening is a good form of exercise. It keeps
me fit and healthy. It removes the boredom and monotony of our
life.
What I do there?: I go to my garden daily. I have grown many
flowers and vegetables. I have also planted a few trees of fruits. I
water these plants and trees daily. I provide them necessary
fertilizers. I dig beds and sow seeds. I take every care of them.
What I get from my hobby?: I get fresh vegetables and fruits from
my garden. When I have a look on my garden full of plants,
vegetable and flowers, my heart blooms to see the beauty of all
these. I feel happy and refreshed all the day after working in my
garden.
Conclusion: Thus, Gardening is my passion. It gives me great
pleasure.

pursuit&“kkSd] monotony&uhjlrk]gardening&ckxckuh] fagrance&lqxa/k]
bloom&f[kyuk] refreshed &rktk+

My Village

Its name, sights and location: The name of my village is …. It is a
big village. It is situated near the Lucknow high way. It is twenty
kilometers away from the main city.
Its population: It is a big village and thickly populated. Its
population is around fifteen thousand. People of different cost and
creed live here with love and harmony without any discrimination.
They are very tolerant and co-operative. My village presents a real
picture of unity and diversity.

553

Main occupation of the people: Most of the villagers depend on
farming for their basic needs. Some are businesspersons also. Some
work in other states and overseas to support their family.

Schools, colleges and hospitals: There are many schools and
colleges in my village. It has one intermediate college and many
primary schools. There is one polytechnic college also. There is also
a government hospital and many private clinics. My village has a
big market where all kinds of goods and articles are available.
Reason why I love my village?: It is a neat and clean village. There
is complete hygiene and sanitation in my village. Above all, there is
feeling of co-existence and brotherhood among the villagers.

population&tula[;k] hygiene and sanitation&lQkbZ&lqFkjkbZ creed&iaFk]
discrimination&Hksn&Hkko] tolerant&lgu”khy] harmony&lnHkko] unity in
diversity&vusdrk eas ,drk] co-existence&lg&vfLrRo dh Hkkouk

My Father or My Ideal

His name, profession and age: My father’s name is Mr. …. He is
fifty-five years old. He is postgraduate with science stream. He is a
lecturer in a private college.
His dress and manner: He wears simple dress pants and shirt.
Sometimes on formal occasions, he puts on suit also. He believes in
simple living and high thinking. My father is a role model for me. He
has great affection for me.
His nature and personality: He is a man of good nature. He is gentle
and kind. He is very decent and humble. He helps the poor and needy.
He always keeps a smile on his face. He is a hardworking person and
believes in the dignity of labour. I try to follow his footprints. What I
am today, it is because of my father.
His daily life: He is an early riser and gets up at 4 o’ clock in the
morning. He goes for morning walk daily. He goes to his college at 9
am. He goes to bed at 10 pm.
Help: gentle&”kjhQ] kind&n;kyw] generous&mnkj] l[kh] decent&vPNk]
lkSE;] humble&foue]z hard working&esgurh] dignity of labour&Je dh
egRrk]- footprints&in fpUg

554

My Ideal Teacher or My Best Teacher

Introduction: I study at Glorious international college. There are
many teachers in my schools, but my favourite teacher is Mr. .... He
teaches me English. He is a nice teacher. He has all the good qualities
of a great teacher.
Dress and habits: He wears simple dress pants and shirt in summer.
In winter, he wears leather jacket with decent colour. He is a
vegetarian. He leads a life of simplicity. He believes in simple living
and high thinking.
Nature and personality: He is very gentle and humble. He teaches
the students sincerely. He is very creative with his teaching. He
always emphasize on practical knowledge rather than bookish one. He
always motivates students for their goals and missions. He inspires
confidence and develops will power in them.
Qualification and method of teaching: His qualification is MA in
English. His style of presentation is unique. His method of teaching is
very simple and easy. His explanation is clear and understandable. He
puts his hundred percent in teaching. He teaches students with love
and care. He pays individual attention to each student. He is the first
choice of every student.
Reasons for liking him: I like him because of his teaching style and
good knowledge. He is entirely dedicated to the cause of education.
Help: ideal&vkn”kZ] nice&cf<+;k] bookish&fdrkch] explanation&O;k[;k]

understandable&le>us ;ksX;] knowledge&Kku

My Best Friend

Introduction: My best friend is Rahul. He is a very good person.
His qualification is Intermediate. He belongs to a decent and noble
family.
His Dress: He wears simple dress paint and shirt. He wears neat and
clean dress. He takes bath daily. He pays attention to hygiene and
sanitation.
His habits and nature: He has good habits. He attends the class
regularly. He respects his elders and obeys his teachers. His conduct
is so good. Everybody likes him. He is in the good books of every
teacher.
Qualities: He is a sincere and hard-working person. He is honest and
never tells a lie. He is a faithful friend of mine. He supports me in
joys and sorrows. He always stands by me in my need. He has good
manners and refined ways. He is courteous and gentle.

555

Conclusion: He has all the good qualities required of a friend.
Therefore, I like him very much.
Help: qualification&;ksX;Rkk] noble family&vkn”kZ ifjokj] faithful&oQknkj
joys and sorrows&n%q [k&lq[k

An Indian Farmer

Introduction: India is a land of farmers. Farming is the chief
occupation of Indians. Most of its people live in villages. Nearly 80%
people depend on farming for their basic needs.
His dress and house: He wears very simple dress dhoti and kurta. In
winter, he uses blanket to save himself from cold. Generally a farmer
lives in Kachcha houses, but some farmers have well- built houses as
well.
Education: Farmers are generally uneducated, but they are aware of
the modern techniques of agriculture and rotation of crops. They
know how to maximize production of crops with the use of minimum
resources. They also know when and how to use fertilizers, manures
and pesticides for better result.
His food and life: He leads a very simple life. He eats chapatti, green
vegetables and rice. It is a matter of pity that he feeds and clothes the
entire country, but he himself remains underfed and under clothed,
and sometimes goes hungry. He does not have sufficient things, and
lives from hand to mouth. His life is very busy. He gets up early
morning and goes to his field. He works very hard in the field from
morning to evening. He ploughs his field, sows the seeds and waters
them. Then he waits patiently for the crops to ripen.
Efforts by the government: Indian farmer is the backbone of Indian
economy. He contributes 17 percent of country’s economy. The
government is providing help to farmers through banks and co-
operative societies. He is being helped by Kisan credit card.

pity&n;k] sow& cksuk] seed&cht] water&ikuh nsuk] patiently&/khjt ds
lkFk] crop&Qly] ripen&iduk] feed&f[kykuk] underfed&dqiksf’kr] under
clothed&diM+kas dk vHkko

556

A Historical Building Or The Tajmahal

Introduction: The Taj is an example of how deeply a man loved his
wife. This man was the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who was head-
over-heels in love with Mumtaz Mahal, his dear wife. She was a
Muslim Persian princess. Before marriage, her name was Arzumand
Banu.
Who built it? It was built by Shah Jahan, the son of Mughal Emperor
Jahangir. At the age of 14 he met Mumtaz and fell in love with her.
They got married in the year 1612. Mumtaz Mahal, died in 1631. It
was in the memory of his beloved wife that Shah Jahan built a
magnificent monument as a tribute to her, which is known as the Taj
Mahal.
What it is made of?: The monument is built entirely of white
marbles. There are four minarets of marbles on the four sides. The Taj
stands on a raised platform. It is surrounded by gardens on three sides.
There are beautiful fountains in the centre of the garden. The graves
of king and Queen lie there side by side.
Its attraction: it looks so beautiful especially in full moon light. In
moon light, it looks like a silver palace, but is a tomb. It is a great
work of art. It is so beautiful that people from across the world come
to see it.
Help: head-over-heels&lj ls ikoa rd] in the memory&;kn ea]s
monument&Lekjd] tribute&J}katfy] silver palace&pkanh dk egy] tomb
edcjk] minarets&feukjs] marble&laxejej] grave&dcz

Her age and nature: My mother is a very good woman. She is fifty
years old. She is decent and very kind. She is kind and merciful. She
helps the poor and needy. She has refined manners and good ways.
She talks politely and never loses her temper.
Her daily routine: She gets up early morning and takes care of all the
household affairs. She takes her breakfast at 7; 30 am. She takes tea
and biscuits in breakfast. She is a religious and God-fearing woman.
She prays to God every day. At night, she watches news and her
favourite serials. She goes to bed at 10 o’ clock at night. She has all
the good qualities of mind and heart. I am proud of my mother.
Her respect: As she is kind and helping nature, she helps everybody
whoever comes to her. She enjoys great respect and goodwill in my
locality. In times of any difficulty, she is always ready to render her
support. People like her sweet temper and refined ways.
Conclusion: My mother is loving, caring and considerate. She loves
me very much. I am proud to have such a nice mother.

get up&mBuk] poor&xjhc] needy&t+:jrean] merciful&n;koku] good
ways&vPNs rjhds] lose temper&Øksf/kr gksuk] religious&/kkÆed] God-
fearing&bZ”oj ls Mjus okyh feel guilty&eqtfje eglwl djuk]
considerate&nlw jksa dk [;ky djus okyh loving&nlw jkas ls I;kj dus okyk O;fDr]
proud&xoZ

557

A Visit to a Zoo

Introduction: Last week I, along with my family members went to the
Zoo. I had a long desire to visit the zoo. We got a chance to see the rare
animals, which we never saw before.
Description: We reached the Zoo at around 10 a.m.The zoo was divided
into different sections. In the first section, we saw the lions which was
very scary. It gave a loud roar, I was terrified. It was a frightful scene.
Then we happened to see the tigers. They were pacing back and forth.
They looked very fierce. After that, we saw the funniest animal monkeys.
I like their funny activities. They looked at us as much as we looked at
them. They were swinging from branches to branches and doing tricks
to impress us. The children were happy. They were teasing the
monkeys and throwing groundnuts to them. We saw Zebra with white
and black stripes. It was looking so awesome. We saw some dangerous
species of snakes. While seeing, one of the snakes hissed at me. Then
we saw the elephant. What a huge animal! It raised its trunk and made
a loud sound. In the last, we entered the bird section. We saw a
variety of beautiful birds. We saw the dancing peacock, it looked very
nice and cute. We also saw the colourful parrots and talked
to them. We saw the beautiful coloured feathers of birds from very close.
Conclusion: We stayed there for near about three hours. It was very
thrilling experience. We had a wonderful time in the kingdom of animals.

rare&nqyZHk] terrified&Mj x;s] species&çtkfr] funniest etk+ fd;k]
stripes&/kkfj;ka] cute&lqUnj] thrilling&jksekapdkjh] kingdom&txr

Introduction: On Sunday evening, I along with my family visited
Buddha Park, which is very close to my house. As it was Sunday, so it
was thronged with people.
Description: It is a beautiful park sprawling in several acres of land.
Inside the park, there is circular path for the people to walk on.
Flowers of different colours including rose and marigold were adding
to the charm all the more. They provided a soothing touch to the tired
people. There were benches of different styles and designs for the
visitors to take rest. Some elderly people and children were sitting on
them. I saw there a number of people of different ages. They were
strolling and gossiping. It had different kinds of games such as swing,
sea-saw, multi-play station and slide to play. Children were very
happy and excited. They were enjoying all these facilities. Some
children were playing with soft rubber ball also. The park contains a
large swimming pool also. Many people were boating and enjoying.
Conclusion: I like to spend my time in park. It is the best place for
enjoying and refreshing our mind.

visit&Hkze.k djuk] thronged&Hkjk gqvk] charm&vkd’kZ.k] elderly&cw<s
o;fDr] gossip&xi”ki djuk] swing&>wyk] facilities&lafo/kk,a] excited&mRrsftr
refreshing&rktxh nsus okyk

558

A Cricket Match

Introduction: Cricket is a passion for Indians. They are die-hard fans
of cricket. They watch cricket even at the cost of work. I am also a
great fan of Cricket.

Description: Last month I got a chance to see a cricket match
between India and Australia. The match was held at Eden gardens,
Kolkata. As usual, the stadium was jam-packed with enthusiastic fans
of Kolkata. After winning the toss, India decided to bat first. India got
a flying start with opener Virendra Sehwag and Gautam Gambhir.
Sehwag was on fire. Every bowler was punished according to the
merit of the ball. These two batsmen spared no one, but soon the
Australian bowler clicked and Sehwag was caught behind at the score
of 80, and then Sachin tendulkar joined Gambhir and tried to rebuild
the innings. Sachin played some beautiful shots but when the India’s
score was 150, Sachin got out trying to sweep the ball. Harbhajan
Singh and Zaheer khan played some tremendous shots and quickly
scored 50 runs off 20 balls only. Finally, India scored a big total of
310 runs and set the victory target of 311 for Aussies. After the lunch
break, second innings started.

Ricky Ponting scored a century but after the fall of his wicket,
the run rate slowed down. Australian batsmen came under pressure
and the required run rate reached to 8.5 per over. They tried to come
back in the match, but the wickets kept on falling one after another,
and the whole team was bundled out for 270.
Conclusion: It was nail biting and sensational match. Eventually
Australia suffered a crushing defeat and lost the match by forty runs.
Help: As usual&ges”kk dh rjg, enthusiastic fan&tks”khyk leFkZd] spare&c[“k nsuk]

tremendous&”kkunkj] nail biting&rukoiw.kZ ;k jksekapd fLFkr sensational&luluh[kst+]
crushing defeat &cqjh gkj

A Journey by Train

Introduction: Last year when summer vacation was declared. I along
with my family decided to visit Mumbai, where my younger brother
is settled and doing job.

Before the arrival of the trains, Passengers were waiting impatiently.
Some were moving back and forth, some making inquiry and some
others sit on the benches. Those who didn’t get seat or benches they
sat on their briefcases and luggage. As soon as the train arrived, the
passengers rushed towards it. Every passenger wanted to get into the
train first. The train departed from the station at 11 am.
The scene inside the coach: the scene inside the coach was very
interesting. There were people from different regions and
backgrounds. They were speaking different languages. They were
discussing a variety of topics. Some were discussing, cricket, some
politics and some others were discussing government policies, some
were playing cards while some were sleeping. The vendors were
shouting and selling eatables.

559

The main stations: The main stations were Allahabad, Nasik, and
Bhusawal. The train stopped at these stations, some passengers got
down and some got into the train on the way. We also got down for
snacks and eatables. Some passengers got down for taking water.
Conclusion: The train reached Mumbai at around 4 pm. We got down
the train. My younger brother was there to receive me at the station. It
was really a very thrilling journey, which has gone down my memory
lane forever.

Help: Summer vacation&xehZ dh NqVVh] arrival&vkxeu] impatiently&cls chz ds
lkFk] departure&izLFkku] jokuxh] restless&cspSu] eatables&[kkus ihus dh oLrq]
thrilling &jksekapdkjh

560

Long Essays – B

Computer

Computer is an electronic machine and a wonderful gift of
science. It is very useful and handy. It is an electronic data processing
machine, which can accept a large amount of data, process them and
produce the result with high speed, accuracy and reliability. It is basically
used to process and store large volume of data and information. Initially
computer was invented to reduce human burden because it can do the
work of many people alone. Computer has opened many job
opportunities in various fields and is being used in every field of life like
offices, banks, railways, post offices, businesses and many others. Our
government is using computers at railway stations for reservation and
confirmation of seats. It has proved very useful in banks. In banking
sector, it has improved efficiency, speed and accuracy. In defence field,
computer is used to launch the computer guided missiles and hit the
target of enemies. In the last, we can conclude and say that the day is not
far when our life will totally depend on computer. So computerization
has become the need of the time. It is high time government should make
it compulsory in all educational institutions and produce highly skilled
computer savvy professional to meet the challenges of the present day.
This is the only way by which India can enter the 21st century and secure
a rightful place among the powerful nations of the world.

Its Advantages and Disadvantages

In India, the use of computer has reached a very important stage. Many

of the Indians are getting jobs in MNCs and overseas as well. We have

become self-sufficient in terms of manufacturing, marketing and

providing valuable services in the field of Computers.

Computer has some disadvantages also. On the one hand, it can create

new jobs, but on the other hand, it can throw many people out of jobs

because it is a labour-saving device. It is a health hazard. It causes

muscular and psychological stress. The strong rays of computers are very

harmful for the eyes, particularly children. Since India is producing

skilled computer savvy people, they are being hired by the countries like

US, UK, and other developed nations, thus Brain Drain is in full flow.

Our Government should take required measures to make a stop to it and

retain our technocrats in our country by providing them required inputs.

In view of the onslaught of IT, it is necessary to adopt computerization;

otherwise, it will hamper the progress of our country. We should adopt

computerization and exploit it to the maximum advantages.

Help: useful&mi;ksxh, handy&lqfo/kktud] accuracy&lgh gksuk]

reliability&Hkjkls k] fo”okl] invent&vfo’dkj djuk]

sophisticated&tfVy] industrial&vkS|ksfxd] literacy&lk{kjrk] health

hazard&LokLF; ds fy, [krjk] hurdle&ck/kk] :dkoV] computer

savvy&dEI;wVj dh vPNh le> j[kus okyk] hire&fdjk;s ij ysuk]

onslaught&izcy vkØe.k] tkjs+ nkj geyk

561

Child Labour

Child labour is a blot on our society. India has the largest
child labour in the world. It is a great social evil. However, it is not
easy to eliminate this problem because nearly half of the Indian
people are living below the poverty line. Poverty is the main reason
behind child labour but˗ if the children don’t get an employment, they
will starve to death. Their parents are not able to feed them. So, they
are forced to work. Parents send their children in factories and small-
scale industries, but according to the Article 24 of the constitution of
India, no children below the age of 14 years should be employed to
work in any factory or hazardous employment. This problem is more
with developing countries. United States banned many exports of
Indian products involving child labour. Children are exploited for
many reasons. As children are weak, they cannot fight for their rights.
Therefore, the employers pay them low-wages. In many states
children are employed in hazardous small-scale industries like match
sick and fireworks. Around three lakes children work in sari industry
in Varanasi. Carpet industry employs around 1.5 lakes and thousands
of children are working in beedi-rolling factories all over India.
Our supreme court in its historical judgment given on 10 December
1996, Ordered the employers to pay twenty thousand rupees for
disobeying the child labour-law. This measure, if implemented, can
go a long way to fight the problem of child labour.

Help: child labour&cky et+nwjh] social evil&lkekftd cjq kbZ] eliminate&feVk
nsuk] feed&f[kykuk] exploit&“kks’k.k djuk] low-wages&de et+njw h] hazardous
&[krjukd] implement&ykxw djuk] measure& dne

Happy Life

Everyone wants to be happy in life, but nobody seems to be
happy. It is very difficult to define happiness. Happiness is related to
different things for different people. Sometimes happiness is related
to possession of material, glory and splendor. In other cases, it is
related to the health of a person.

People have various standards of living. They have their own
concept of happiness, but one thing is very clear that nobody is
satisfied with his present condition. There is no end to the desires of
human beings. Human desires are unlimited and infinite. They
multiply with the time. A poor man living on the roadside is aspiring
for a hut, a hut dweller wants a house, and a house owner longs for a
beautiful bungalow. Similarly, a millionaire wants to become a multi-
millionaire and a billionaire wants to become a multi-billionaire. This
vicious circle continues and doesn’t stop anywhere. Non-fulfillment
of these desires leads to frustration, and sometimes they take extreme
steps to end their lives. Someone very properly said, “We look for
what is not there”. A wealthy person may enjoy all the luxuries and

562

amenities of life. He may be the master of millions; even then, he may
not be happy because he is a sick person. Being sick, he cannot enjoy
the pleasures and comforts of life. He considers himself a cursed man
in this world. Therefore, he thinks that health is the only criteria for a
happy life. On the other hand, a poor who has no wealth and
resources, may be very cheerful and happy. His mind is not corrupt by
the changes of life. His life is balanced and he is contented with his
lot.

A wealthy person remains in a state of tension because he
thinks that a thief or robber may rob him anytime but˗ ideal happiness
is found in a person, who always does the right thing. He never hurts
the feelings of others. He is a God-fearing and devout person. His
actions and intentions are pure and justified. Together these things
lead to happiness. Contentment is also a big factor for happiness. A
happy life results from the state of mind not from possessions. There
is no single factor responsible for happiness.

Help: possession of material&/ku&laxzg] glory&“kku] infinite&vuUr] cs”kqekj
multiply&rts +h ls c<+uk] aspire&bPNk djuk] hut dweller&>ksiMh+ esa jgus okyk]
owner&ekfyd] similarly&blh rjg] millionaire&djksM+ifr] frustration&dqUBk]
luxuries and amenities& lq[k&lqfo/kk] God-fearing&bZ”oj ls Mjus okyk]
devout&/kkfeZd] pure and justified&“kq} rFkk U;k;ksfpr] state of mind&eu dh
fLFkr] factor&dkjd] responsible&ft+Eesnkj

Importance of Games and Sports

Games and sports are very important for us. They are very good
forms of exercise and useful for our health. They recharge our body and
give us new energy. They keep us fit and healthy. Health is one of the
most desirable things of our life. Games play a very significant role for
the growth and development of our body and mind. Games teach us love
and cooperation. They are very important means of promoting peace and
harmony in the world. They build up discipline, self-control and team-
spirit. They teach us sportsmanship. A good sportsman never worries for
the result. He does not play for victory or defeat. He is neither puffed up
by victory nor depressed by defeat. He keeps his cool and balance in both
the situation. He does not lose his heart when he is defeated. He doesn’t
exult in victory also. In fact, he doesn’t play for loss or victory. Games
and sports teach us tolerance and brotherhood. So, finally it can be
concluded and said that games and sport sink all the differences of
narrow walls raised by humans and make our thinking positive.

Help:useful&mi;ksxh] ykHknk;d] healthy&LoLF;] desirable&okaNuh;]
significant&egRoiw.k] self-control& vkRe&fu;=a .k] team-spirit&Vhe Hkkouk] keep
cool&”kkra jguk

563

Corruption

Corruption is such a behaviour, which deviates from the normal
law or permitted course of action to fulfill one’s own pocket.
Irregularities, manipulation and taking of bribes come under corruption.
In short, we can say that corruption is a misuse of power. Corruption is a
global phenomenon but in our country, it seems to have entered the blood
of the people. It is a matter of great concern that corruption has spread in
administration, bureaucracy, judiciary, politics and even in public life.
Health, power and education are the most corrupt departments in our
country. Taking bribe to move the file, shifting the responsibility and
making the people run from pillar to post has become a fashion among
the officers. Election is also a big cause of corruption in our country. The
politicians invest a lot of money on elections and if they win, they get
back the money by unfair means, and corruption starts. So, if the election
is fought with black money, we will not get rid of black money even after
the election. Many other factors are also responsible for corruption such
as delayed justice, improper government policies, poor salaries of the
government servants, declining moral and social values, effect of
globalization and so on. Corruption in India is a major issue and
adversely affects its economy.

Corruption is like a cancerous disease, which is weakening our systems
but in a democratic set up, the real power lies in the hands of the voters.
In our country, corruption comes from top to bottom (from higher level
to lower level). Therefore, if the rulers are honest, we can set the country
right. This evil can be removed through proper ethical and moral training
from the grassroots level. Until and unless we feel that we are responsible
for the society, we cannot discipline ourselves and our behaviour cannot
be controlled. To remove corruption, we should also create awareness
among the masses against corruption. The public should revolt against
the corrupt officers. We should remember that only taking of bribe is not
corruption, but giving of bribe is also a kind of encouragement to the
system. Corruption can also be removed by adopting zero tolerance
towards it, increasing the salaries of employees and improving the socio-
economic conditions of the people.
Help: corruption&Hkz’Vkpkj] manipulation&gsjk&Qjs h] ethical& uSfrd eYw ;]
Awareness&tkx:drka] bribe&?kwl] tolerance&lgu”khyrk] socio-economic
lkekftd vkfFkZd

Terrorism

As per Cambridge dictionary, “The violent method used to
terrorize the masses or the government to bring about social or political
changes in a country or society is called terrorism”. Today the whole
world is facing the problem of terrorism. It is a great threat and challenge
in front of the world.
The cause of terrorism may be social, political, geographical, or
economical but˗ whatever the cause, it is never justified under any
condition. According to Mahatma Gandhi, “We should adopt noble
means to achieve noble ends”. Terrorism is a scourge to human kind.

564

Recently we have seen state sponsored terrorism in some parts of the
world. Such nations who are aiding and abetting terrorism should be
punished and isolated from the world community. All kinds of ban
should be applied on them. Every resource should be mobilized to
destroy the training camps of terrorists. No means should be spared to
instill terror and fear in the mind of terrorists to demoralize them.

The Government should go into the roots of the problems for its
permanent solution. We should condemn terrorism in any shape or form.
Politicians should not be allowed to politicize the issue for vote politics.
As terrorism is not a communal issue, it is a national issue. We should
not attach the tag of terrorism to any religion or community because
terrorist have no religion. Their only religion is to kill the people for their
legal or illegal demands.

Our government should strengthen the intelligence agencies
and highly trained network of intelligence should be created. Our Army
should be armed with modern and sophisticated weapons. Law and order
enforcing machineries should be given more teeth and made more
effective. The world community should wake up from deep slumber and
rise to the occasion to wipe it out from the face of the earth. A strong
willpower and determination is needed on the part of the world
community for its total eradication.
Help: terrorism&vkradokn] terrorize&vkrfa dr djuk] adopt&viukuk] fulfill&iwjk
djuk] justified&U;k;ksfPkr scourge&vfHk”kki] ykur] isolate&vyx dj nsuk]
demoralize&gkSlyk rksM+uk] condemn&vkykspuk djuk] politicize&jktuhfrdj.k djuk

Indiscipline among Students Or Students and Politics

Someone said that politics is the last shelter of criminals and
scoundrels. Now, it has become a dirty game. Our present politics is not
based on values and ethics. It is no longer a means to solve the problems of
the country, rather, it has become a means to satisfy one’s personal desires
and selfish motives. A student’s age is the formative age. It is a character-
building period of his life. Students should make the best use of it and
focus on their study. They should not be lured away by the lollipop of
politics. Political leaders achieve their aim at the cost of the students. They
try to involve students in politics for their self-interest and spoil their
career. Students should mind their own business. They should not waste
their precious time in politics. Politics in every form should be kept away
from schools and colleges because a college is the seat of learning -and
place of education where the future of the country is shaped. We should
uphold the sanctity of the institutes at any rate.

We should not allow students to take part in politics at this age. Politicians
should not be allowed to mislead and exploit students for their selfish
motives. Politicians know that young students are full of energy and spirit.
No strike, agitation, Dharna or programme can succeed without the use of
students. So, the politicians use students as tools. Students are attracted by
luxuries and pomp of politicians. They fall easy prey to the temptations of
politics. They think that politics is the shortcut way to achieve success and
enjoy the pleasures of life. There is a sense of frustration and

565

dissatisfaction among the students, this leads to act of violence and
rowdy behavior. We hear about students going on rampage, brick batting
and stone throwing. They indulge in hooliganism, strikes, agitation and
demonstrations.Sometimes we hear the close of colleges and universities,
gheroes of vice-chancellor and beating of professors by the students, this
behaviour results in police action. The police make them the target of
their bullets and sticks. These things have become like a fashion of the
day.

Help: shelter&”kj.k] criminals and scoundrels&vijk/kh vkSj cnek”k] values and
ethics&ewY; rFkk uhfr] personal desires&O;fDrxr bPNk,a] formative age&izxfr
dh mez] be lured away&ykyp eas vktkuk] keep away&njw j[kuk] seat of
learning&Kku dk dsUn]z sanctity&ifo=rk] mislead&xqejkg djuk] exploit&“kks’k.k
djuk] frustration&dq.Bk] rowdy behaviour&mn~n.M O;ogkj] rampage&rksM+&QksM+]
indulge&fyIr gksuk] hooliganism&cnek”kh] xq.MkxnÊ] agitation&vkUnksyu]
demonstration&izn”kZu

Newspaper

Newspaper is a very cheap and important means of getting
information and news. Newspaper comes under print media. It has a big
role to play in the society. It is the fourth pillar of democracy. Through
newspaper, we come to know what is happening around us and around
the world. Newspaper is like a mirror, which reflects the social, economic
and political conditions of a country.

Newspaper keeps us informed about the latest developments in
various fields of life like science, agriculture, politics, business,
technology, sports, etc. It works as a link between the public and the
government. Newspaper raises public issues and attracts the attention of
the government. It also makes healthy comments on the policy and
programmes of the government. Through newspaper, we can get the
latest news related to the world of games and sports. Newspaper is very
important for businesspersons and traders. Newspaper is very useful for
unemployed people also. The columns of posts vacant and jobs wanted
help the jobless people in finding jobs. It plays very powerful role in
democracy. If this power is misused, it can cause much harm and trigger
communal hatred and foment revolt. The public should not be carried
away by reading the news. They should use their own judgment and
opinion.
The aim of the newspaper should be to give impartial coverage of any
incident. Some newspapers are biased and serve a particular interest.
They indulge in propagating their own ideological thoughts and deviate
from the -real purpose of journalism.
Help: cheap&lLrk] fourth pillar&pkSFkk LrEHk] reflect&iznƔkr djuk] latest
developments&uohure xfrfof/k;ak] raise public issues&turk ls tqMZ+h leL;kvksa
dks mBkuk] community&leqnk;] unemployed&csjkst+xkj] communal
hatred&lkEiznkf;d uQjr] impartial coverage&fu’i{k] xSjtkfucnkj]
incident&?kVuk] biased&i{kikriw.kZ] deviate&fopfyr gksuk] journalism&i=dkfjrk]
lgkQr

566

Pollution

Human activities have contaminated air, water and land, which is called
as pollution. Pollution has caused imbalance in the nature. This
phenomenon has posed a great threat to human, plant and animal lives.
There are four types of pollutions:
Air pollution: Air pollution is caused due to the smoke of vehicles and
factories. It is very harmful for human health. Many lung diseases are
caused by polluted air.
Water pollution: Water pollution is caused by throwing waste material
into the water. Many pesticides, insecticides and chemicals of factories
are flown into the rivers and canals, which make water impure and dirty.
It destroys the water plants and fishes. Consumption of such dirty water
causes many water-borne diseases.
Soil pollution: Soil pollution is caused by throwing away plastic bottles,
cans, polythene bags and other waste material.
Noise Pollution: It is caused by sounds of machines, vehicles and
loudspeakers. When we play them at high volume, they may cause high
blood pressure, deafness and other health related problems.
Prevention of pollution: Government should enact some laws to
prevent pollution. We should create awareness among the people against
pollution. We should plant more and more trees. We should use non-
conventional sources of energy such as CNG, solar energy, wind energy
and biogas.

Conclusion: It is a great menace and threat to environment. It high time
government took action against the companies and factories violating the
norms and creating pollution.
Help: pollution&Ánw’k.k] human activities&ekuo fØ;k,a] contaminated&feykoVh]

imbalance&vlarqyu] pose threat&[krjk iSnk djuk] vehicles&xkfM+;ka]
prevent&jksduk] waste material&O;FkZ inkFkZ] pesticides&dhVuk”kd] destroy &cckZn
djuk] deafness&cgjkiu

Science a Blessing or Curse

Science is a systematic knowledge. It is neither blessing nor
curse in itself. It all depends on its use. Science has invented many
things, which have made our life easy, fast and comfortable, but the
misuse of science can create serious problems for humankind.

Advantages and disadvantages of science

Science has given us many machines, which have increased the average
production output and efficiency. Science has made us fly like birds in
the sky and swim like fish in the water. In the field of health and hygiene,
science has created many wonders. Science has conquered diseases. It
has prolonged the life span of a person. Plastic surgery is a wonder of
science. It can turn an ugly person into a beauty. X-ray can detect the
inside disease of human body. The invention of electric trains, airplanes
and ships has made our journey safer and faster. It has given us fast
means of transport. It has converted the world into a beautiful high-tech
village full of luxuries and comforts. Distance is no longer a barrier in
this scientific age. We can visit many parts of the world in a day. So,
wonders of Science are uncountable.

567

Science has its negative side also. It has dehumanized us. Science makes
inventions, but our politicians apply them for destructive purposes.
Science has made the people calculative, mechanical and materialistic.

They are so busy in amassing the wealth that they have no time to rest
and see around. They are blindly running after the things, and there is a
cut throat completion amongst them. Their life has become artificial
without any charms and comforts. Advancement of science is damaging
our civilization. In this age of science, words like love, affection,
emotion, feeling and compassion seems to be on the verge of extinction.
Man has gained the world but lost the soul. Customs, civilization and
morality has taken a back seat. Science has developed most dreadful and
destructive weapons like atom, hydrogen, neutron and laser bombs,
which can destroy the humanity in a fraction of time. Nuclear power
plants pose a very serious threat to the environment. They can spell
disaster for the human life. It is high time for us to wake up and avert the
evils of the science.
Help:blessing&vk”khokZn]curse&vfHk”kki] conquer&fot; ikz Ir djuk]
tremendous&”kkunkj] prolong&yEck djuk] detect&irk yxkuk] compassion&n;k]
spiritualism&v/;kRe] dreadful&[krjukd] spell disaster&rckgh epkuk] avert&Vkyuk

Mobile

Mobile is an electronic device. It is a wonderful gift of science.
It is of great importance in today’s life. Nowadays, nearly every person
carries a mobile with him. It is no longer a symbol of status. It has
become the need of the time. Mobile is basically used for communication
purpose.
Mobile has shrunk the world. It has reduced time and distance. With the
help of mobile, we can talk to our near and dear ones sitting miles away. It
is also a very good means of entertainment. Mobile is particularly useful
for business community. They can keep touch with their businesses
constantly and keep themselves updated.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Mobile

Mobile has its many advantages. If we are travelling out of our territory,
we can use the roaming facility to remain connected with the people all
the time. We can use feature like text messaging and send messages. We
can use internet anytime and anywhere. We can also use MMS for
sending pictures. We can get information like news, cricket updates,
flight and railway timetable. We can activate special news pack for
getting important news of the day. Most of the mobile phone service
providers have GPRS or 4G enabled networks.

Mobile has its disadvantages also. Mobile phone waves are very harmful
for our health. Too much use of mobile may damage our hearing ability.
Mobile is a great source of disturbance in places like hospitals, libraries,
theatres, meetings and conferences, where silence should be maintained
at any rate. It has also affected teaching environment in schools and
colleges. Students get busy with their mobile; they talk to their friends or
play games while the teacher is taking the class. It is very disturbing for
the study. Talking on the mobile phone while driving may cause safety
problems. Drivers may lose the concentration and accidents may take

568

place. It is advisable to keep mobile in silent mode or keep it switched off
in sensitive places. As it is status symbol for some people, so they keep
changing their sets and replace them with latest models to maintain their
status, and this costs unnecessary expenses on them.
Mobile has become a fashion and plaything now. It has got into the hands
of undeserving people. Even those are using who have no need of it.
Criminals and Mafias are using mobile for committing crimes. They pass
the secret information and spy on the target person. Mobile has broken
the secrecy. murder, theft, distortion and kidnapping cases are on the
increase. It helps the criminals and anti-social elements to carry out their
works of crimes.

Help: device&;=a ] symbol of status&Áfr’Bk dk Árhd] communication&lapkj]
shrink&leVs nsuk] fldksM+ nsuk] means of entertainment&eukjs atu dk lk/ku]
disadvantage&udq lku] harmful&gkfudkjd] sensitive place&loa snu”khy LFkku]
spy&tklwl] distortion&/kumxkgh] kidnapping&vigj.k] anti-social
elements&vlkekftd rRo] carry out&fuiVkuk

The Role of Mass Media in our Society

Today we are living in an age of mass media. Mass media means

the different ways through which we reach the masses. Medium of

information like TV, Radio, Newspaper and Internet together are called

as Mass media. Mass media has rendered a great service to us. It keeps a

strict watch on the activities of the government and controls it. It works

as a check on the functioning of the government and public authorities. It

takes up different important social issues. It creates awareness among the

masses about many social evils. It also brings the complaints of the

public to the notice of the government. There are two types of media:

1. Electronic media 2. Print media

Newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals and books come under

print media. Radio, TV, Mobile and Internet come under electronic

media. It is not only a watchful dog for democracy, but also a torch-

bearer for development, progress and prosperity of any society and

country. It is the keen eyes of the media that has exposed corruption,

bribery and favouritism. Because of media, many scandals have been

exposed. Earlier it was not possible for lack of investigative electronic

media. The malpractices and irregularities could not see the light of the

day. At the same time, we can’t deny the educative and entertaining part

of media. We have many educational, cultural and fruitful programmes

on TV, but there is a negative aspect of media also. It gives undue

importance to unimportant things. Sometimes, it tries to earn cheap

publicity by highlighting unnecessary things. It can make a zero hero,

and a hero zero overnight.

Media should play a positive role. It should not show the seeds of hatred.

It should build and mobilize public opinion. It should promote goodwill

and harmony in the society.

Help: render&nsuk] iznku djuk] awareness&tkx:drk] watchful&ltx] pkSdUuk]

torch-bearer&jks”kuh fn[kkus okyk] corruption&Hkz’Vkpkj] bribery&?kql[kksjh]
favouritism&i{kikr] scandal&?kksVkyk] expose&csudkc djuk]
investigative&tkap&iM+rky djus ls lEcaf/kr] malpractice&xyr dke] njq kpkj]

irregularities&vfu;ferrk,a]

569

The Role of Youth in modern India

Youth are the pillars of the nation. They are the backbone of
any society and future of the nation. They have enormous energy. If
that energy is fully harnessed and given channelized in a proper
direction, it can produce wonderful results in the development of the
the country. Today’s youth are tomorrow’s doctors, engineers,
lawyers, businessmen and administrator, so the character of every
youth will decide the character of the nation.The future of any country
depends on the talented and sincere students. We need to provide
them proper training of character and education. During the freedom
struggle, students were asked to take active part, but in free India,
they must devote their time to study and acquire as much knowledge
as possible. Politicians should not be allowed to use students for
carrying out any political activities.
A nation doesn’t live by its big factories, bridges and buildings alone.
It can live only by the character of its people. Students must learn the
lesson of self-help, self-sacrifice and self-reliance. Qualities of
character must be developed in them. They should learn to co-operate
in classrooms, on playgrounds and in other activities of life. Students
should be equipped morally, emotionally and mentally for the service
of the nation.
Help: pillar&LrEHk] active part&lfØ; fgLlk] backbone&jh<+ dh gMMh]
devote&nsuk] acquire&ÁkIr djuk] self-reliance&vkRe&fuHkZjrk] co-
operate&lg;ksx djuk] equip&llq fTtr djuk] self-sacrifice& vkRe R;kx]

The Problem of Price Rise in Our Country

The problem of price rise is a global problem. It is not
restricted to India only. The entire world is facing this problem, but
India is one of the most affected by it because nearly half of the
population is living below the poverty line. There are two main
reasons for price rise. Firstly, India is a developing country and
devolvement increases the purchasing power of the people. Rise in
purchasing leads to price increase. Secondly, planning is also
responsible for price-rice. Planning is concerned with development.
Development increases purchasing capacity of the people. This
increase in purchasing capacity leads to price-rise. If black money
enters the market, it also causes price-rise.

Our production is not in proportion to our population growth.
As a result, the demand is more and supply is less. This also gives rise
to price, and price is bound to go up. In India, there are a large
number of black marketers and hoarders who make things worse for
us. They begin to hoard the articles and create some artificial crisis.
When there is shortage, the common person has to suffer. He is

570

compelled to pay higher prices for these things. People with limited
and fixed income suffer a lot. They hardly make both ends meet. They
don’t get two square meals daily. They lead a miserable life, whereas
the black-marketers, smugglers and hoarders have good and
favourable time. They make huge profits from such situation. Our
government must take drastic steps and make proper planning to
improve the condition of the masses, otherwise faulty planning cannot
put an end to this evil, and poverty will continue to increase.
Help: global&varjkZ’Vªh;] poverty line&xjhch js[kk] proportion&vuqikr]
black marketer&dkyk cktk+ jh djus okyk] hoarder&tek[kksj]
miserable&n;uh;] square meal&HkjisV Hkkstu

Village Upliftment

Village upliftment is the need of the time. About 80% of the
Indian population lives in villages. So, the progress of the village is the
progress of the country. The conditions of the villages are very pitiable.
There is extreme poverty. Illiteracy is widespread. Villagers are
ignorant and superstitious. They are slaves of customs and traditions.
They are not able to get two square meals a day. They live from hand to
mouth. Villages are the homes of epidemics and diseases. They lack
medical facilities. Most of the villages are cut off from their
neighbouring towns and cities. In villages, we find only suffering,
diseases, and poverty. Ignorance is the root cause of many evils.
Ignorance comes from illiteracy. Therefore, villagers must be educated.
More and more schools, colleges and technical institutions should be
opened.

The sanitation and hygienic standard is bad in villages. We
see pool of dirty water here there and everywhere. The houses are ill
ventilated and have no sanitary arrangements. The favourable
conditions for breeding of germs are always present there. Villages
have inadequate means of entertainment. Cheap and healthy methods
of enjoyment should be provided. Libraries should be opened for
public reading and provisions for games and sports should also be
made available. This will provide good diversion for villagers in their
spare time. Small-scale industries and factories are the need of the
time to provide jobs to the unemployed people in villages. Such steps
will check the migration of the villagers to cities.
Help: upliftment&mRFkku] population&tula[;k] pitiable&n;uh;]
widespread&loZO;kIr] gj txg] ignorant&vKkuh] superstitious&va/kfo”oklh]
slave&xyq ke] custom&fjokt] sanitation and hygienic&lQkbZ&lqFkjkb]
breed&Átkfr] pool&rkykc diversion&fopyu] spare time&[kkyh le;

571

National integration

National integration is the most important need of the time.
National integration means the unity and solidarity of the country. At
present, we are passing through a critical phase. We must take right
steps to maintain the national integrity for the prosperity and progress
of the nation. India is a multi-religious and multi-cultural country.

People of different caste, creed and religion live together with peace
and harmony. This is the hallmark of our civilization. All citizens
have equal rights. They can preach and follow any religion without
any compulsion from outside. We follow the philosophy of “live and
let live”. Recently a tendency has grown that I am right and my
religion is the best religion. I should get all privileges and benefits and
others should be denied. This kind of selfish interest has crept into the
minds of some people. It is very dangerous. It should be removed
with firm hand. It is posing a threat to the solidarity of the country.

A person with a sense of patriotism always thinks first of his

country and fellow citizens. For national integration and brotherhood,
destructive and negative tendencies such as jealousy, favoritism,
nepotism and corruption should be uprooted. These things sow the
seeds of hatred in our heart. We should promote right kind of
education that makes a person enlightened and open-minded. We
should try to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor, and
remove all social distinctions. We must know that internal vigilance is
the price of liberty.
Help: national integration&jk’Vªh; ,drk] dkSeh ,dtgrh] need of the
time&le; dh t+:jr] national integrity&jk’Vªh; v[kaMrk] solidarity&,drk]
prosperity&[kq”kgkyh] tendency&izo`fRr] hallmark&xq.koRrk dk iSekuk]
preach&mins”k nsuk] compulsion&etcwjh] sense of patriotism&n”s kHkfDr dh
Hkkouk] seeds of hatred&uQjr ds cht] social distinctions&lkekftd Hksn&Hkko

Republic Day

26 January is a red-letter day in the history of India. It is our
national festival and public holiday. Although our country got
freedom on 15 August 1947, but the constitution of India came into
existence on this day. It took a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18
days before we adopted the constitution. It is celebrated as the
Republic Day in India with great excitement and enthusiasm. Every
year on this occasion, a grand parade is held in the capital of our
country. Different regiments of the Army take part in this parade and
display their feats on the land and in the air. Children from different
schools participate in various events. They spend days preparing for
this great event. Nothing is spared and every detail is taken care of to
make the day a memorable one. Republic Day celebration starts with
the presidential address to the nation. In the beginning, the martyrs of
the nation are remembered and homage is paid to them for their
sacrifice at India Gate.

572

On this day, the President of India awards the medals of bravery
like Ashok Chakra and Paramveer Chakra to the personnel of Army,
Navy and Air Force. Gallantry awards are also given to the people
who displayed valour and courage in different fields of life. First, the
President arrives on the occasion along with the chief guest. He hoists
the national flag and national anthem is sung. It is celebrated in all
government and private offices. In schools and colleges, the principals
address the gathering and read out the special message of the
President for the nation. Sweets are distributed among the students.
Live telecast of programmes are shown on all national TV channels
on this day. All Indians pledge for national unity, integrity and
prosperity. This day reminds us of the collective and concerted effort
of our freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the liberty of
their motherland. We remember this day for peaceful co-existence
and harmonious relation amongst the people of India.

red-letter day&egRoiw.kZ fnol] constitution&lafo/kku] nLrwj]
enthusiasm&mRlkg] tks”k] regiment&lSfud VqdM+h] martyr&”kghn] homage&J}katfy]
gallantry&cgknjq h] hoist&Qgjkuk] concerted&lkewfgd] lay down life&tku ns nsuk

Independence Day

15th August 1947 is a very important day in the history of
India. It is a red-letter day. On this day, India got freedom. We
celebrate this day with great zeal and excitement. It is our national
festival, which is celebrated by all the Indians. This day reminds us of
the great sacrifice made by our freedom fighters. Before this day,
India was under the British rule. Indians were treated like slaves. The
Britishers used to harass the Indians, and give them physical and
mental torture. They tried every means to terrorize the Indians, but
they could not suppress the spirit for the freedom of their motherland.
Under the leadership of Gandhiji, many great leaders joined the
Indian National Congress. The whole country stood against the
British rule and joined the freedom struggle. They forced the
Britishers to set India free. On this day, our national flag is hoisted in
all the government offices, schools and colleges. The Prime Minister
hoists the flag from the Red Fort. This is followed by National
Anthem. The Prime Minister addresses the nation and the whole event
is aired on TV and radio.
We should take a pledge to defend the unity and integrity of our
country under any circumstances, but this freedom is meaningless
unless we make commitment to provide economic freedom and social
justice to each and every person of our country.

Help:red-letter day&egRoiw.k fnu] celebrate&eukuk] zeal and excitement&tks”k
o mRlkg] national festival&jk’Vªh; R;ksgkj] sacrifice&R;kx]harass&mRihM+u djuk]
physical and mental torture&”kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld ihM+k] suppress&neu djuk]
nck nsuk] spirit&tks”k] gklS yk] hoist&Qgjkuk] national anthem&jk’Vªh; xku]
address&lacksf/kr djuk] pledge&izfrKk] unity and integrity&,drk rFkk v[kaMrk]
economic freedom&vkÆFkd vkt+knh] social justice&lkekftd U;k;

573

¼miek½

As beautiful as a rainbow bUnz/kuq’k dh rjg lqUnj
As black as coal dks;ys dh rjg dkyk
As blind as a bat pexknM+ dh rjg vU/kk
As blue as sky vkleku dh rjg uhyk
As brave as a lion “kjs dh rjg cgknjq
As busy as a bee e/kqeD[kh dh rjg O;Lr
As clear as day fnu dh rjg lkQ
As cold as ice cQZ dh rjg B.Mk
As cunning as a fox ykseM+h dh rjg prjq
As dark as night jkr dh rjg dkyk
As deep as well dq,a dh rjg xgjk
As dirty as a pig lwvj dh rjg xna k
As dumb as a statue ewfrZ dh rjg [kkeks”k
As easy as ABC ,0ch0lh0 dh rjg vklku
As explosive as volcano Tokykeq[kh dh rjg foLQksVd
As fast as a deer /hare fgju ;k [kjxks”k dh rjg rst
As brisk as a butterfly frryh dh rjg papy ;k piy
As fierce as a tiger ck?k dh rjg [kw¡[kkj
As firm as rock pV~Vku dh rjg n`<+
As fit as fiddle ok;fyu dh rjg LoLF;
As free as air /a bird gok ;k i{kh dh rjg vkt+kn
As gentle as a lamb eseus dh rjg eklwe
As good as gold lksus dh rjg vlyh
As greedy as an wolf HksfM+, dh rjg ykyph
As happy as a king jktk dh rjg [kq”k
As hard as a nail dhy dh rjg l[r
As hard working as an ant phaVh dh rjg esgurh
As heavy as lead “kh”ks dh rjg Hkkjh
As hot as fire vkx dh rjg xje
As imitative as monkey cUnj dh rjg udyph
As loud as thunder fctyh dh dM+d tSlh rst vkokt
+As loyal as a dog dqRrs dh rjg oQknkj
As mute as fish eNyh dh rjg “kkUr
As obstinate as a mule [kPpj dh rjg gBh] ft+nn~ h
As old as the hills igkM+ dh rjg ijq kuk
As proud as a peacock ekjs dh rjg ?ke.Mh
As quick as lightning fctyh dh rjg rst+ ;k xfr”khy
As red as blood [kwu dh rjg yky
As regular as a clock ?kMh+ dh rjg fu;fer ;k ikcUn
As shy as a mouse pwgs dh rjg “kehZyk
As sober as a Judge U;k;/kh”k dh rjg xEHkhj
As soft as wax ekse dh rjg eqyk;e
As steady as a rock pV~Vku dh rjg vVy
As stupid as a donkey x/ks dh rjg csodwQ

574

As sure as death ekSr dh rjg fuf”pr
As sweet as honey “kgn dh rjg ehBk
As timid as a hare [kjxks”k dh rjg Mjiksd
As warm as toast VkLs V dh rjg xje
As watchful as a hawk ckt+ dh rjg pkSdUuk
As white as snow oQZ dh rjg lQsn
As wise as an owl mYyw dh rjg cqf)eku

¼dqN egRoiw.kZ lewgkFkZ “kCn½
uhps fn;s x;s Collective phrases oLrqvkas ds lewgkas dks ÁdV djrs gaS
A band of armed men l“kL= vknfe;ksa dk ny
A crowd of people yksxksa dh HkhM+
A catalogue of books iqLrdkas dh lwph
A faggot of sticks ydfM+;ksa dk xVB~ j
A flight of birds if{k;ksa dk ny
A flight of stairs lhf<+;kas dh p<+ku
A hive of bees e/kqefD[k;kas dk legw
A heap of sands jrs dk <j+s
A range of cliffs pksfV;ksa dh J`a[kyk
A troop of horses ?kksMk+ as dh VqdM+h
A bunch of keys pkfHk;ksa dk xqPNk
A bunch of grapes vaxjw dk xqPNk
A bench of judges U;k;ewfrZ;kas dh ,d [k.M ihB
A chain of mountains igkMk+ sa dh Ja`[kyk
A chain of events ?kVukvkas dh Ja`[kyk
A gang of labourers Ekt+njw kas dh Vksyh
A herd of swine lqvjksa dk >q.M
A herd of deer fgjukas dk >q.M
A herd of cattle tkuojksa dk >q.M
A regiment of soldiers lSfudksa dh VqdMh+
A ring of wrestlers igyokukas dk v[kkM+k
A grove of trees isMk+ sa dk >q.M
A flock of sheep HksMk+ sa dk jos M+
A bouquet ¼cwds½ of flowers Qwyksa dk xqPNk
A group of islands }hikas dk lewg
A gust of wind gok dk ,d >ksadk
A galaxy of stars rkjksa dk >q.M
A heap of rubbish dqM+s dk <+js
A handful of flowers Qqyksa dh vatfy
An index of contents fo’k;ksa dh lwph
A lock of hair ckyksa dh yV
A pack of hounds f”kdkjh dqRrkas dk >q.M
A packet of cigarettesflxjsV dk ,d iSdsV
A parliament of owls mYyqvkas dk lewg
A pair of shoes trq kas dk tksM+k
A pile of money :Ik;ksa dk <js
A troop of actors vfHkurs kvksa dh e.Myh;
A troop of horses ?kksM+kas dk lewg
A set of ornaments xgukas dk lsV
A swarm of flies efD[k;kas dk >q.M

575

nks “kCnksa dks tksM+dj cuk;s x;s “kCnksa dks fefJr ladqfpr “kCn dgrs gaSA tlS s%

Do not don’t Does not doesn’t
mustn’t
Did not didn’t Must not aren’t
weren’t
Is not isn’t Are not hadn’t

Was not wasn’t Were not mayn’t
shan’t
Has not hasn’t Have not haven’t Had not couldn’t
usedn’t
Will not won’t

Cannot can’t May not

Would not wouldn’t Shall not

Should not shouldn’t Could not

Did not use to didn’t use to Used not

loZuke rFkk lgk;d fØ;k dks tksM+dj contracted words cukuk%

pronoun ds lkFk helping verb dks tksM+dj Hkh contracted words cuk;s tkrs

gSaA bl rjg ls cus gq, “kCnksa eas pronoun dk “kCn iwjk jgrk gS] ijUrq helping

verb eas vk;s gq, v{kjksa eas ls “kq: ds ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd v{kj dks gVk fn;k tkrk
gSA tSls%

We are We’re She has She’s

You are You’re It has It’s

I am I’m It had It’d

She is She’s I had I’d

He is He’s She had She’d

They are They’re We had We’d

You have You’ve I will I’ll

We have We’ve I shall I shall

I have I’ve You will You’ll

They have They’ve I would I’d

It is It’s

I will not I won't or I'll not

I would not I wouldn't or I'd not

I have not I haven't or I've not

He has not He hasn't or He's not

It has not It hasn't or It's not

I had not I hadn't or I'd not

Let us Let’s

576

rFkk American English

;fn ge British rFkk American English dh ckr djas rks nksukas Hkk’kkvksa dh
“kCnkoyh (vocabulary) esa dkQh vUrj utj+ vkrk gS] tks uhps fn;s x;s fu;eksa
ls le>k tk ldrk gSA

1. dqN “kCnkas dk fczfV”k vaxszt+h esa -our ij vUr gksrk gS rFkk dqN “kCnkas dk
vesfjdu vaxszth+ eas -or ij vUr gksrk gSA

2. fczfV”k vaxszt+h eas dqN “kCnksa ds vUr esa tre vkrk gS tcfd vesfjdu vaxszt+h eas
ter vkrk gSA

3. fczfV”k vaxszth+ eas dqN “kCnksa ds vUr esa ize ;k ise iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS
tcfd vesfjdu vaxszt+h esa dsoy ize dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

4. dHkh&dHkh iwjs&iwjs “kCn gh cny tkrs gSaA

uhps nh gqbZ lwph ls bl vUrj dks le>k tk ldrk gS%

British American British American

aeroplane airplane boggy compartment
bonnet hood biscuit cookie
captain skipper canteen cafeteria
car park parking lot cashier teller

cello tape scotch tape recognise recognize
chemist pharmacist chips fries

cinema movie theatre colour color

film movie flat apartment

flyover over pass football soccer

ground floor, first floor, etc. first floor, second floor, etc hire rent

organisation organization jam jelly

lift elevator postman mail carrier

number plate license plate nursing home private hospital
one way single pavement side walk play time recess

post mail potato crisps potato chips
postal code zip code

pram baby carriage Pub bar
queue line railway rail board

return ticket /journey round trip round about traffic circle

row argument rubber eraser

shop store solicitor lawyer

somewhere some place staff faculty
sweets candy
sweet /pudding dessert

taxi cab term semester
toilet bathroom hoarding billboard

torch flash light trousers pants
underground subway wilful willful

waist coat vest police cop
zip zipper interval intermission

homework home assignment enrollment enrolment

577

foetus fetus wrench spanner

fervour fervor shall not will not

a stunner a knockout (beautiful) acknowledgement acknowledgment

advert ad aluminium aluminum

anaemia anemia anaesthetic anesthetic

honourable honourable litre liter

ardour ardor cupboard closet

child-minder babysitter landlord bartender

lavatory bathroom house-breaking burglary

refractory cafeteria tin can

calibre caliber terrorise terrorize

fogged confused energise energize

diarrhoea diarrhea off-putting disgusting

cut-price shop discount store wardrobe dresser

favour favor favourite favorite

fibre fiber fire brigade fire department

sacked fired mankind humankind

defence defense flavour flavor

messing about fooling around to let for rent

goods train freight train drinker boozer

cooking gas gas dustbin garbage can

rubbish tip garbage dump push off get lost

spectacles (specs) glasses housewife homemaker

earthed grounded (electrical) hang about hang around (loiter)

ring off hang up (telephone) ironmongers hardware store

harbour harbor haemoglobin hemoglobin

deaf aid hearing aid hiccough hiccup

honour honor honourable honorable

hooter horn humour humor

inflexion inflection hire-purchase installment plan

judgement judgment rather kind of

labour labor barrister lawyer

levelling leveling postbox /pillar box mailbox

licence license realise realize

baggage luggage manoeuvre maneuver

letter mail labourer laborer

marvellous marvelous damp mist

shabby messy metre meter

mould mold mum mom (mother)

offence offense spokesman spokesperson

ring up call up wireless radio

fellow pal salesman salesperson

paralyse paralyze rubbish garbage

pence penny (cent) room partner roommate

call box phone booth phoney phony

plough plow practise practice

578

pretence pretense programme program
businessman business person
lavatory restroom flashlight photo flash
lay the table set the table
savour savor footpath sidewalk
wireless radio
centre center shower bath shower
estate car station wagon
drains sewers storey story
rail track
boots shoes bog /mire swamp
taxes rates
show up (arrive) pop in hello hi
telly TV
spectre specter holiday vacation
tyre tire
neighbour neighbor

tram streetcar

tube station subway station

swimming bath swimming pool

taxpayers ratepayers

water closet toilet

tumour tumor

vest undershirt

579

Abroad(N) (vczkWM)~
Accent(N) (,sDlsUV)~ ysgtk
Achievement(N) (vpho~eUV~) miyfC/k
Adulteration(N) ( ) feykoV
Adultery(N) (vMYVfj)
Aftermath(N) ( fdlh nq?kZVuk ds ckn dk ifj.kke
Affected(Adj) ( izHkkfor] cukoVh
Aimless(N) (,eysl~)
Alliance(N) (vykbvUl~) xBtksM+] xBca?ku
Amazing(Adj) ¼vesft+³½ vk”p;tZ ud
Ambiguous(Adj) ( ) nksgjs vFkZ okyk] vLi’V
Ambience (N) (,fEcvla ~) environment, ifjos”k] okrkoj.k
Affluent (,s¶yqvUV)~
Antipathy(N) (,fUVifFk) oSj&Hkkouk
Applicant(N) ( ) vH;FkÊ
Approval(N) (viozw y~)
Aristocrat(N) ( ) jblZ ] dqyhu] mPp oxZ dk O;fDr
Aspect(N) (,sLisDV~)
Assassination(N) ( ) jktuSfrd gR;k
Aptitude(N) (,i~fVV~;Mw ~)
Assessment(N) ( ) ewY;kdu] fu/kkZj.k
Atrocity(N) (vVªWklfV ;kruk] rdyhQ
Auditor(N) (vkWfMVj~) fglkc&fdrkc tkapus okyk
Autocrat(Adj) (vkWVksdSzV~)
Autonomous(Adj) ) Lor=a ] vkRefuHkjZ ]Lok;Ÿk
Avenue(N) (,osU;)w ekxZ] jkLrk
Awesome(Adj) ¼vkWle½ fo’ke;dkjh] [krjukd
Awkward(N) ¼vkWDoM~Z½ vthc lk
Baby sitter(N) ( ) nkbZ
Backbone(N) (cSd~cksu~)
Background(N) ( ) i`’BHkwfe] vk/kkj
Baffled(Adj) (cSQYM~)
Barbed wire(Adj) ( ) daVhyk rkj tks ckM eas yxk;k tkrk gSA
Banquet(N) (caSfDoV~)
Biased(Adj) (ckbvLM~ i{kikriw.kZ] iqokZxzg
Bigwig(N) (fcx~fo+x)~
Bilateral(Adj) (ckbySVj~y~)
Black marketer(N) ( ) dkyk cktk+ jh djus okyk
Blessing(N) (Cyfs l³ onkZ u] user
Blessed(Adj) (CyLs M~) lkSHkkX;”kkyh
Blaspheme(N) (CySl~Qhe~)
Blockbuster(N) ( ) vR;ra lQy iLq rd ;k fQYe
Blueprint(N) (Cyfw izUV~) [kkdk] foLr`r ;kstuk ;k ifj;kstuk
Bloodstained(Adj) (CyMLVsUM~)
Bloodthirsty(Adj) (CyM~FkLZfV) [kwu dk I;klk

580

Bloody fool(Adj) (CyfM Qwy) ctz ew[kZ
Booty(Adj) (cwVh)
Bonanza(N) (cuSUt+k)
Breathtaking(Adj) (czsFVsfd³) yqHkkouk] tkuyos k
Breed(N) (chz M) uLy] Átkfr
Broken home(Adj) (czksdu gkse~)
Broken sleep(Adj) czksdu~ Lyhi~) mpkV uhan
Broker(N) (ckz sdj~) nyky
Brotherhood(N) ) HkkbZpkjk
Buddy(N) (cfM
Bullshit(N) ½ csdkj dh ckrsa
Bully(Adj) (cqfy
Bureaucrat(N) ½ ukSdj”kkg
Campaign(N) (dEisu~) vfHk;ku
Cannibal(N) (dSfuc~y~)
Cantonment(N) ( ) lSfud Nkouh
Casualty(N) ( ) vdfLed ?kVuk
Caretaker(N) ( ) custodian, j[kokyk
Census(N) (lsUll~) tux.kuk
Co-education(N) (dks,tqds”k~u~) lgf”k{kk
pSe~fivu~ vkWo n iow j~) xjhcksa dk elhgk
Chaos(N) (dsvkWl~) vQjk&rQjh
Charismatic(Adj) ) tknqbZ
Charity(N) (pSfjfV)
Ceremony(N) (lsfjefu)
Chauvinism(N) ( ) va/kns”kHkfDr
Cheeky(Adj) (phfd)
Chef(N) ¼lsQ~½
Civilization(N) ( ) lH;rk] rgth+ c
Clamity(N) (DySfEkfV) vkink] ladV
Client(N) (DykbaV~ xkz gd] eksofDdy
Cramp(N) (ØSEi~)
Climax(N) (
Cocktail(N) ½ en;iku dk nkor
Commit suicide(N) ½ vkRegR;k djuk
Communal(Adj) (dE;wuy~) lkEÁnkf;d
Community(N) (dE;wufV) lEiznk;
Communicator(N) ( ) lwpuk nsus okyk] ckr djus dk gquj tkuus okyka
Competitor(N) (de~fisfVVj~) izfr;ksxh O;fDr ;k lLa Fkk
Compulsion(N) ( ) etcwjh
Concise(N) (dUlkbl+~)
Confined(Adj) (dUQkbUM~) dSn
Confidential(Adj) ( ) xksiuh;
Congested(Adj) datsfLVM~) csgn Hkjk gqvk
Conflict(N) (dkWuf~ ¶yDV~)
Consistent(Adj) (du~flLVUV~)
Consistency(N) ( eqLrfdy fetkt+h] lnSo ,d lk jgus okyk
Conspiracy(N) (dUlfijfl) ‘k.k;a=] lkft”k
Critic(N) (fØfVd~) lkfgR;] dyk laxhr dk vkykspd

581

Contender(Adj) (dUVUs Mj~) nkosnkj] izfrHkkxh
Contention(N) (dUVUs ”k~u~)
Convent school (Adj)( ) og Ldwy tgka ij Nun/ fHk{kq.kh i<+krh gaSA
Counterpart(N) ( ) izfr:i] fcYdqy nlw js O;fDr ;k oLrq dh rjg
Costume(N) ( [kkl ekSds ij igus tkus okyk [kkl fyckl
Crafty(Adj) (djS¶fV) /kwrZckt+
Convenience(N) (dfUofuvUl~)
Coordination(N(dksvkfMZus”k~u~)
Composition(N) ( ) jpuk] cukoV
Corporation(N) (dkWiZjs”k~u~ egkikfydk] uxj fuxe
Copyright(N) ( Nkius dk iw.kZ vf/kdkj
Copycat(Adj) (dkWfidSV~) udyph O;fDr
Corporation(N) ( la?k
Contrary(Adj) (dkWUVjsfj foijhr] izfrdwy
Corridor(N) (dkWfjMkWj)
Constituency(N) ( ) fuokZpu {ks=
Cutlery(N) ( ) pkdw]] Nqjh] dkaVs pEep bR;kfn
Cosy(Adj) (dksft+)
Corrugated(Adj) (dkWjxVs sM~ ukyhnkj] ygjnkj
Courteous(Adj) ( fouez
Courtesy(N) (dj~Vfl) fouerz k
Courtyard(N) ( ) vkaxu
Chum(N) (pe~) fyaxksfV;k ;kj
Cowboy(N) (dkmckW;)
Complication(N)(dkWEi~fyds”k~u~) isphnxh] tfVyrk
Crack(N) (ØSd)~ njkj
Cradle(N) (ØsM~y~)
Creative (N) (fØ,fVo+~)
creative ability
Credulous(Adj) (Østqyl tYnh ls fo”okl djus okyk
Criteria(N) ( ) iSekuk
Crutches(N) (Øpst+ cSlk[kh
Culprit(N) (dfYizV) eqtfje] vijk/kh
Curriculum(N) ( ) ikB~;dze
Curator(N) (D;jw sVj)
Curiosity(N) ( ) ftKklk
Custom(N) (dLVe~) fjokt
Damsel(N)¼MSet+y½
Dandruff(N) ( ) [kq”kdh] :lh
Daring(N)(Msvfj³)
Daybreak(N) (Msczsd~)
Dazzling(Adj) (MSfT+y³) pdkpkaS/k dj nsus okyh
Deadline(N) (MsMykbu) vfUre frfFk
Deadlock(N) (MsM~ykWd~ xfrjks/k] :dkoV
Dealings(N) (Mhfy³) ysu&nus ] O;ogkj] ysu&nus
Debacle(N) (
Debut(Adj) ¼MsC;w½ ) cM+h ukdkeh

Dedication(N) ( ) fdlh mn~n”s k ds izfr leiZ.k
Decency(N) ¼fMlUfl½ f”k’Vkpkj] lekt esa Hknz O;ogkj ds fl}kUr

582

Deduction(N) deh] dVkrS h
Decorum(N) (fMdkWje~) mfpr O;ogkj] f”k’Vkpkj
Defamed(Adj) ¼fMQsEM~½
Defaulter(Adj) (fMQkWYVj~)
Deliverance(N) ( ) eqfDr] futkr
Dementia(N) (fMesfU”k;k ;knnk”r dh deh
Demise(N) (fMekbt+~)
Deserted(Adj) (fMt+jf~ VM~)
Destination(N) (MsfLVus”k~u~ eaft+y] xUrO; LFkku
Depression(Adj) ( ) mnklh] f[kUurk
Dictator(N) (fMDVsVj~) rkuk”kkg
Dignitary(N) (fMx~fuVfj mPp in ij izfr’Br O;fDr
Dexterity(N) (MsDLVjs fV) n{krk] fuiq.krk] verbal/mental dexterity
Dictation(N) (fMDVs”k~u~ vkys[k] cksydj fy[kkus dh fØ;k
Disaster(N) (fMtk+ LVj~)
Disbeliever(N) ( ) ukfLrd] equkfQd
Disciple(N) ( f”k’;] lkfxnZ
Discord(N) (fMLdkWM~Z vu&cu
Dogmatic(Adj) ( ) dV~Vj
Dispute(N) (fMLI;wV~)
Distortion(N) ( /kumxkgh
Divine(Adj) (fMokbu~)
Doomsday(N) (MwEt+Ms)
Door keeper(N) (Mksjdhij~)
Downsizing(N) ( NaVuh djuk ¼ukSdjh bR;kfn eas½
Dominant(Adj) (MkWfeuUV~)
Downtrodden(Adj) ( ) in&nfyr vkSj ihfMr+
Dumbfound(Adj) (MEQkmUM~) gDdk&cDdk
Easy going(Adj) ( ) vkjke ilan O;fDr
Educated(Adj) (
) f”kf{kr
Emperor(N) (,Eijj~) lekz V] “kkld
Effective(Adj) (
Effigy(N) ( ) izHkko”kkyh

iqryk] effigy of the minister was burnt
Effort(N) (,Q+VZ~) iz;kl] dksf”k”k
Egalitarian(Adj) (
Elegant(Adj) ( ) lerkoknh]lkekftd cjkcjh dk i{k/kj
) ”kkunkj
Elite(N) (,yhV~)
Embodiment(N) ( ) vorkj] erw Z:i
Empire(N) (,Eikbvj~) lkekz T;
Enterprising(Adj) (,UVj~izkbft+³)
Enthusiastic (Adj) ( ) tks”khyk] mRlkgiw.kZ
Entrepreneur(N) (vkUVªizuj~) lkglh] O;kikj dk tksf[ke mBkus okyk
Eradication(N) (bjSfMds”k~u~)
Eye-witness(N) ( p”enhn xokg
Evasive (boSflo~+)
Eunuch(N) (;wud~½ evasive answer

Exile(N/v) (,Dlkby~) cuokl] go into exile- Lord Rama was exiled for
14 years.
Exploitation(N) (,DlIykbVs”k~u~) “kks’k.k

583

Extempore (Adj) (,DLVsEifj
(Adj) ) vlk/kkj.k] xSjekewyh
Extremist(N) ( ) mxoz knh] pjeiaFkh] bUrsgkilan
Fabulous(Adj) (Q+SC;yl~
Face-off(N)
Fake(Adj) (Q+sd~)
Familiar(N) ( ifjfpr] tkuk igpkuk I am familiar with him.
Feedback(N) izR;Ÿq kj] iquHkZj.k
Fanatic(Adj) (
Fancy fair (N) ( ehuk cktkj
Favouritism(N) ) i{kikr] tkfucnkjh
Feast(N) (Q+hLV~)
Fiance(N) (fQ+vkWUls) yM+dk ;k yM+dh ftldh eaxuh gks pqdh gks
Finale(N) (fQ+ukfy ukVd ;k laxhr dk vfUre pj.k
Fiction(N) (
Figurehead(N)
fireplace(N) ( vyko] vaxhBh
Flashback(N)
Firework(N) ( vkfr”kckth+
Feasible(Adj) (
Flashpoint(N) ) pjelhek] [krjukd fLFkfr
Flippant(Adj) ( papy] “kks[k
Flair(N) (¶+ysvj~)
Flabby(Adj) (¶+ySfc <+hyk&<k+ yk] Fkqy&Fkqy] detk+ sj
Flawless(Adj) ( nks’kjfgr] ifjiw.kZ
Fantasy(N) (QS+UVfl
Foggy(Adj) (QkWfx)
Foolhardy(Adj) (QwygkfMZ mtM~M] xaokj
Foresight(N) (Qk+ Wj~lkbV~ nwjnf”krZ k
) vnkyrh tkap
Forensic test (
Forgery(N) ( tkylkth] tkyh dke
Forum(N) (QkWje~)
Founder(N) (Q+kmUMj~) lLa Fkkid
Fragrance(N) (QzSxszUl~)
Frolicsome (Adj) ) ft+Unkfny] mYykflr
Freak(Adj) (Ýhd~) ludh
Frustration(N) (ÝLVs”k~u~)
Frustrated(Adj) (ÝL+ VsfVM~
Fundamental(N) ( ) cqfu;knh] ewyHkrw
Godly(Adj) ( [kqnkrjl bUlku] bZ”oj dk vkKkdkjh
Gaudy(N) (xkWfM)
Gentry(N) (t~ sfUVª)
Glamour(N) (XySej~
Globalization(N) ( ) oSf”odj.k
Glimpse(N) ¼fXyEIl~½ >yd
Garland(N) (
Go-getter(N) ( n`<l+ adYi vkjS dke;kch ds tT+cs ls Hkjiwj
Genius(Adj) (
Grammarian(N) ( ) O;kdj.kkpk;Z]O;kdj.k dk ekfgj
Goodwill (N) (xqM~foy~) lnHkkouk] O;kikj esa yksdfiz;rk

584

Granary(N) (xzSufj
Gratitude (N) ( dr` Krk] ,glkueanh
Gorgeous(N) ¼xkWj~tl~½
Gratuity(N) ( ) lsok ds cnys feyus okyh /kujkf”k
Growth(N) (xkz sFk~)
Guardian(N) xkfMZvu~ vfHkHkkod] lja {kd
Handful(Adj)
Handicapped(N)
Hanky-panky(N) ( ) gsjk&Qsjh] nxkckt+h
Hapless(N) ¼gSIyl~½
Harassment(N) (gSjLesUV~)
Hard-boiled(Adj) Hkkoqdrk jfgr
Hardcore(N) ¼gkMZdkWj~½
Harmonious(Adj) lkSgknZiw.kZ
Hateful(Adj) (gsV~Q~y) uQjr djus yk;d
Headstrong(Adj) ft+nn~ h
Heartless(Adj) csjge
Hectic(Adj) ¼gsfDVd~½
Hilarious(Adj) ( ) mYykliw.kZ] vfr gkL;tud
Homeless(N) ¼gkse~yls ~½ cs?kj yksx
Honorarium(N) ekuns;
Hoodlum(N) ¼gwMye~½ yQaxk
Hooliganism(N) cnek”kh] xq.MkxnÊ
Horoscope(N) (gkz jLdksi tUe if=dk] tUe dqUMyh
[kjhnks&Qjks[r] tksM+&rksM+ ¼jktuhfr esa½
Horse trading (
Hospitality(N) vfrfFk lR;dkj] esgeku uokt+h
Hostage(N) ¼gkWfLVt~½ ca/kd cuk;k x;k O;fDr
Hot-bed(N) ¼gkWV&csM~½
Household word (N) ) rfd;k dyke
Housemaid(N) ukSdjkuh
Hunk (Adj) ¼gad~½
Hurried and worried life (gjhM~ ,.M ojhM~ ykbQ+~) Hkkx&nkSM+ vkSj nq%[k Hkjh
ftUnxh
) /kDde/kDdk] pgy&igy
Hustle and bustle (
Idle talk(Adj) ( ) nonsense cdokl
Idolater(N) (vkbMkWYVj~)
Imposing(Adj) ( jkscnkj
Impotent(Adj) (
Imitator(N) (bfeVVs j~)
Inauguration(N) (bukWX;js”k~u~) mn?kkVu
Influential(Adj) ( ) izHkko”kkyh
Informative(Adj) ( Kkuo/kZd
In-laws(N) (bu&ykWt+)
In-laws’ house (N) (
Innovator(N) (bukos sVj~)
Inside information(Adj) vUnj dh ckr@tkudkjh
Inspiration(N) (
Intellectual(N) ( ) cqf}thoh
Interpreter(N) (bUVj~fizVj~ nqHkkf’k;k
Jubilant(Adj) (twfcyUV~) thrilled, izQqfYyr] cgqr [kq”k

585

Junk food (N) (
Jurisdiction(N) vf/kdkj {k=s
Justified(Adj) ( U;k;ksfPkr
Jury(N) (tqvfj)
Killjoy(Adj) ¼fdy~tkWb½ ) gj gky esa thrus dh Hkkouk
Know-all (Adj) ¼uks&vkWy½ cMs+ fny okyk] mnkj] nfj;k fny
Killer instinct(N) (
Large-hearted(Adj) ( thounku
Layout (N) (ysvkmV~)
Lay-man (Adj) ¼ys eSu½
Leftovers(N) (
Learned(Adj) ¼yju~ sM~½ )

Lease of life(N)
Legacy (ysxfl
(N) dkseyrk

Legend ( a cinema legend
Loophole(N) ( cpko dk jkLrk
Loving(N) (yfoax~)
Liability(N) (ykbvfcyfV
Lingua franca (Adj) ( ) lkoZtfud Hkk’kk
Limitation(N) (fyfeVs”k~u~) lhek
Litigation(N) (fyfVxs”k~u~
Livelihood(N) (
(N) ) thou Lrj
Lethargic(Adj) (
Low-born (yks&ckWu~Z)
Lounge(N) ( foJke d{k] vkjke djus dh txg
Lump(N) (yEi)
Lion-hearted(Adj) (
Low-mentality(Adj) ( brave
NksVh ekufldrk
Low-land(N) (yks&ySUM~)
Livestock (N) (
Low-wages(N) ( ) de et+nwjh
Loyalty (Adj) ( oQknkjh
Luxury(N) (yD”kfj+
Luminaries(Adj) ) egku fo}ku] x.kekU; yksx
Luxurious(Adj) ( vkjkengs ] foykflrkiw.kZ
Lukewarm(Adj)
Lyricist(N) (
Liberalization(N) ( ) mnkjhdj.k
Maestro(N) ¼ekbLVªks½ laxhrkpk;Z
Majesty (N) (eStfLV)
Mainstream(N) eq[; /kkjk
Mandate(N) ( QSlyk] “kklukns”k
Mania(N) (esfu;k)
Maiden name (Adj) esMu~ use~) vkSjr dk fookg ls igys dk uke
MarqueeN) ¼ekj~dh½ “kkfe;kuk
Mature (Adj) (epqvj ~)
Manoeuvre(N) (euow j)
Marksman(N) ¼ekdLZ~ eSu~½ fu”kkusckt+

586

Mastermind(v) (ekLVj~ekbUM) eqf”dy dke dks lQyrk ds lkFk vatke nus k
Masterpiece(N) (EkkLVj~ihl~)
Materialism(N) (efVfj;kfyt+e~) HkkSfrdokn] materialistic life/ world
Matrimonial(Adj) “kknh lEca/kh] matrimonial bliss
Maverick(Adj) (eSosfjd u;s rjhds ls lkspus okyk O;fDr
Memento(N) (eesUVks)
Memorandum(N) ( Kkiu
Momentous(Adj) vfr egRoiw.kZ
Momentum(N) (eesUVe~)
Millionaire(N) (feY;usvj~)
Melodious(Adj) ¼eyksfMvl~½
Mindless(Adj) ( ) fcuk fopkjs] rdZghu
Miracle(N) (fejSDy~) peRdkj
Misadventure(N) nLq lkgl] nqHkkZ X;] nq?kZVuk
Mischief(N) (feLk~fpQ~+) “kSrkuh
Misconduct(N) nqOZ;gkj] xyr O;ogkj
Miscreant(Adj) cnek”k] vijk/kh
Midwife(N) ( ) izlo ds le; dh lgkf;dk
Misled(Adj) (feLysM)
Mismatch(N) ¼feLeSp~½ csesy
Misogynist(Adj) ( ) L=h tkfr ls uQjr djus okyk
Misrule(N) (feL:y)
Monopoly(N) (eukWify)
Monotheism(N) ( ) ,ds”ojokn
Monument(N) (ekWU;eq UV~) Lekjd
(N) (eksjy MhxszMs”ku½ uSfrd iru
Motto(N) ¼ekWVks½
Movement(N) (eow ~+eUV~) vkUnksyu
(N) ( ) tksM+&rksM] gsjk&Qsjh
Myrtle(N) ¼ekjV~y½ easgnh
Mystery(N) ( ) jgL;] jkt+
Myth(N) (feFk)
Mastery(N) (ekLVfj egkjr] fuiq.krk
Nappy(Adj) (uSfi) NksVs cPpkas dk yaxksVk
Neglected(Adj) ( ) misf{kr
Nominee(N) (ukWfefu) uket+n] euksuhr
Norm(N) (uWkeZ~) lkekftd O;ogkj dk ekunaM
Notable(Adj) ( ) mYy[s kuh;] dkfcys ft+Ø
Novice(N) (ukWfol~ ukSflf[k;k
Nudity (U;fw MfV) uaxkiu
Nuisance(Adj) ) [kqjkQkr] minzoh ][kjq kQk+ r djus okyk
Numb(N) (ue~) lqUu
Nutrition(N) (U;fw Vª”k~u~)
Necessity(N) (ulsl~fV vko”;drk
Obesity(N) ¼vkscsflVh½ eksVkik
Obituary(N) ¼vksfcpqvfj½
Obligation(N) ,glku
Oblivion (N) ¼vkfWCyfovu~½ xqeukeh

587

Obscene(Adj) v”yhy] xUnk
Odyssey(N) ¼vkWfMfl½ yEch o lkgfld ;k=k
Option(Adj) ¼vkWi~”ku~½ fodYi
Occupation(N) ¼vD;qis”k~u~½
Opportunity(N) volj] ekSdk
Oppressor(N) neudkjh] vR;kpkjh
Ovation(N) t;&t;dkj
Orator(N) ¼vkWjVj½~
Overcrowded (Adj) Blk&Bl Hkjk gqvk
Overheads(N) O;kikj eas mRiknu ykxr ds vykok ca/ks [kpsZ
Orthodox(Adj) :f<+oknh] nfd;kulw
Ordeal¼vkWj~Mhy~½
Outing(N) ¼vkmfVax~½
Outdoor(Adj) ¼vkmVMkjs ~½
Outspoken(Adj) outdoor games
frank/candid, Li’V oDrk
Owner(N)
ekfyd
Patch(N) ¼iSp~½ isoUn
Panic(N) ¼iSfud~½
parameter (N) ¼ijSfeVj~½ iSekuk
Paramount(N) ¼iSjekmUV~½
patriotism(N) ns”k&HkfDr
Patron(N) ¼iSVªu~½
Patronage(N) ¼iSVªWkust½ laj{kdrk] lgk;rk

Pavement(N) ¼ios ~eUV~½ ixMaMh] iSny jkLrk

Paved road(Adj) iDdh lM+d
Penance(N) ¼fiuUl~½
Pawn broker(Adj) jsgu j[kdj dtZ nsus okyk
Pedagogue(N) ¼isMkxkWx~½ fu;eksa vkSj fl)kUrkas ij tkjs nsus okyk
pedantic(Adj) vfr ikafMR;iw.k]Z fu;ekas ij vf?kd ?;ku nsus okyk
Petition(N) ¼fifV”k~u~½
Philanderer(N) ¼fQySUMj~ j~½
Pick-pocket(N) ¼fid~&ikWdsV~½ tscdrjk
Pigg-y-bank (N) cPpksa dk xqYyd
Piggy-back(N) ¼fifx&cSd~½ ihB ij yknuk
Pilgrimage(N) rhFkZ ;k=k
Podium(N) ¼iksfMve~½
Pitiable(Adj) n;uh;
Placard(N) ¼IySdkMZ~½
Plaintiff(N) ¼IysfUVQ+~½ ftlus eqdnek nk;j fd;k gks
Playful(Adj) ¼IysQ~y~½
Popcorn(N) ¼ikWi~dkWu~½Z eDdk dk ykok
Predecessor(N) mRrjkf/kdkjh] tku”khu
predator(N) ¼fizMsVj~½ ijthoHk{kh
Premises(N) ¼izsfeflt~+½ Hkou vgkrk] iakz x.k
premium(N) ¼izhfeve~½ lcls mRre] ches dh fdLr
preservation(N) laj{k.k] j[k&j[kko
Prodigy(N) ¼ikz WfMft½ de mez dk foy{k.k izfrHkk okyk O;kfDr
Prestige(N) ¼i~jsfLVt~½ reputation, izfr’Bk] xkSjo

588

Prestigious (Adj) prominent/esteemed, Áfrf’Br
Priest(N) ¼ihLVz~½
prisoner(N)¼fizt+uj~½ dSnh
Privacy(N) ¼ij~ kbosfl½ xksiuh;rk
Privilege(N) ¼fioz ~yst~½
Proactive(Adj) lfØ;
procession(N) tqylw
Psam(N) ¼lke~½ Hktu
Prophet of doom(Adj) lnoS vi”kxqu dh ckr djus okyk
Prospective(Adj) laHkkfor] Hkkoh
Prosperous(Adj) [kq”kgky
Prostitute(N) os”;k
provision(N) O;oLFkk
puberty(N) ¼I;wcj~fV½ ;kSoukjEHk
Premature(Adj) ¼izhepqvj~½ le; ls iwoZ

public issues ;ksX;] izf”kf{kr
puppet(N) ¼iisV~½
Qualified(Adj) >xM+kyw
Quotation(N) ¼dksVs”ku~½

Quarrelsome
Racism(N) ;g /kkj.kk dh dqN tkfr;ka dqN tkfr;ksa ls vPNh gaS
Ragged(Adj) ¼jXM½
Rainbow(Adj) ¼jsu~cks½
Refreshment(N) tyiku] vYikgkj
dk;kdYi] fQj ls r:.k gksuk
Rejuvenation
Relevant(Adj) ¼jsyo~ UV~½
Reluctant(Adj) ¼fjyDVUV~½
Representative(N) Áfrfuf/k
Reputed (Adj) ¼fjI;wfVM~½ lEekfur
Requirement(N)
Reserved person(Adj) cgrq de ckrphr djus okyk O;fDr
Resources(N)¼fjlkWlZst+½
Responsible(Adj) ft+Eesnkj
Resourceful(N) prjq ] mik;&dq”ky
Resort(N) ¼fjt+kWV~Z½
Restless(Adj) ¼jsLV~yls ~½
Restriction(N)
Retrenchment(N) deZpkfj;ksa dh NVuh] dVkSrh
Reverend(N) ekuuh;
Rift(N)
Revenge(N)
Revolution(N) ØkfUr] budykc
Rhythm (N) y;] rky
Riff-raff(Adj) jksM&Nki] ,jS k&xSjk
Rioter(N) ¼jkbVj~½
Ritual(N)
Roasted(Adj) Hkquk gqvk
Robber(N)
Robust(Adj) ¼jkscLV~½ â’V&iq’V] etcwr “kjhj okyk

589

Role model (N) vkn”kZ] uewuk
Rumour(N) ¼:ej~½
Recommendation (N) flQkfj”k
Sarcasm(N)
Salient(Adj)
Salvation(N) eqfDr] futkr
Sanctity(N) ifo=rk] ikdht+xh
Savage(Adj) ¼lSfot~½ uncivilized, vlH;] taxyh] ccjZ
Saviour(Adj) ¼lsO+;j~½
Scaffold(N) lwyh
Scandal(N) yksdfuUnk] dyad
Scar(N) ¼Ldkj~½
Scenario(N) ifjn`’;] eatj+ ukek
Scholar(N) fo}ku
Scourge(N) ¼Ld~tZ½
Sculptor(N) ¼LdYi~Vj½~ laxrjk”k
Self-centered (Adj) ¼lsYQ~&lsUVMZ~½
Self-contained(Adj) vius vki esa eLr jgus okyk
Self-made(Adj) ¼lsYQ~&esM½
Self-motivated(Adj)
[kqn ls izksRlkfgr
Self-respect(N) ¼lsYQ~&jls ~isDV½~ vkRe&lEeku
Self-sacrifice(N) vkRe&R;kx
Sensation(N) ¼lsUls”ku~½ luluh
(N) ¼lsUl~ vkWQ~ fMXufV½ vkRe&lEeku dh Hkkouk
Sentry(N) ¼lsfUVª½
Sermon(N) mins”k] ulhgr
Shabby(N) ¼”kSch½
Shameless(N) fuyZTt] cs”kje
Sheath(N) ¼”khFk~½
Shifty(Adj) ¼f”kf¶+V½ vfo”oklh
Shirker(N) ¼”kj~dj~½
Short-lived(Adj) vYidkfyd] FkksM+s le; rd jgus okyk
Shroud(N) dQ+u
Shred(N) ¼JsM~½ /kTth
Slogan(N) ¼Lyksxu½~
Side-kick(N) ¼lkbM~&fdd~½
Simpleton(Adj) ¼flEiy~Vu~½
Simplicity(N) lknxh
Infidel(N) ukfLrd] equkfQd
Slight ¼LykbV~½ FkksM+k- lk
Slim(Adj) iryk] Njgjk
Slum(N) ¼Lye~½
Snake charmer(N) laijs k
Sobriety(N) ¼lcjkbfV½ lknxh] lathnxh] la;r rFkk xaHkhj gksuk
Sociable(Adj)
Social distinction(N) lkekftd Hksn&Hkko
social evil(N)
social justice(N) lkekftd U;k;
social values(N) lkekftd ewY;
Sorcery(N) ¼lkWlZ~fj½ Vksuk] bUnztky

590

So-so(Adj) ¼lks&lks½ so-so english
Spectator(Adj) ¼LisDVsVj~½ n'kZd] rek”kchu
Speechless(Adj) ¼Lihp~yls ~½
Spontaneous(Adj) ¼LikWUVsfuvl½
Spiritualism(Adj) v/;kRe
Spitfire(N) >xM+kyw] rqudfetkt+
Spy(N) ¼LikbZ½
Stability(N) LFkkf;Ro
Spouse(N) ¼Likmt+½
Stalwart(N) ¼LVkWyoVZ½
Sterilization(N) ulcanh
Stigma(N) ¼fLVXek½
Stronghold(N) ¼LVªka³~gksYM~½ x<+
(Adj) ¼LVªVs ~QkWjo~ MZ½ Li’Voknh] bZekunkj lh/kk&lk/kk
Scam(N) ?kksVkyk] currency scam.
Stunt(N) ¼LVaV½~
Subordinate(N) ¼lckWfMZuV~½
Subscription(Adj) donation, pank] vuqnku
Subsidy(N) ¼lc~flfM½
Successor(N) ¼lDlslj~½ mRrjkf/kdkjh
Superstition(N) va/kfo”okl
Survivor(N) ¼lj~o+kbo+j~½
Suppressed(Adj) nck&dqpyk
Swamp(N) ¼LokWEi~½ nyny
Strategy(Adj) ¼LVªSVft½ j.kuhfr
Symposium(N) ¼flEiksft+ve½~ laxks’Bh] fdlh fo”ks’k fo’k; ij fopkj ds fy, NksVk
lEesyu
Talkative(Adj) ¼VkWdsfVo½ chatty, chatter box, ckrwuh
Tangible(Adj) ¼VSUtc~y~½ Li’V vkSj fuf”pr
Teetotaler(Adj) e?k lsou ls ijgst+ djus okyk
Teenager(N) ¼Vhustj~½
Temptation(N) ykyp] izyksHku
Tendency(N) >qdko] izo`fRr] :>ku
Tenant(N) ¼VsuUV~½ fdjk;snkj] dk”rdkj] vklkeh
Tenure(N) ¼VsU;j~½
Thankless(Adj) ¼FkSUd~yl~½
Thoughtful(Adj) le>nkj] fopkjeXu] fopkjiw.kZ
Threshold(N) pkS[kV] ngyht+
Thriller(Adj) ¼Fkhyj½~ jksekap iSn djus okyk
Topsy-turvy(Adj) mYVk&iqYVk] vO;ofLFkr
Tolerance(N) lgu”khyrk
Touchy(Adj) ¼Vfp½
Tradition(N) ijEijk] fjok;r
Trick(N) ¼fVªd~½
Treason(N) jktnzksg] ns”k ls xn~nkjh
Trick(N) ¼fVªd~½
Trouble-some(Adj) ¼Vªc~yl~ e~½ eqlhcr iSnk djus okyk] d’Vdj
Trust worthy(Adj) Hkjkls sean] fo”okl ds dkfcy
Turn coat(Adj) ¼VudZ ksV~½ nycnyw] ckj ckj ikVhZ ;k ny cnyus okyk

591

Tyranny(N) ¼fVjSuh½
Tactful(Adj) ¼VSDVQ~ ~y~½
Uncomfortable(Adj) ¼vUdEQ+VsZc~y~½ vlgt
Uncompromising(Adj) ¼vUdkWEizekbft+ax~½
utj+ can
Under house arrest
Undesirable(Adj) xSjt+:jh
Uneducated(Adj) ¼vu~,tqdsVsM~½
Unemployed(Adj) csjkst+xkj
le>] foosd -
Understanding
Unfeeling(Adj) ¼vu~Qhfy³~½ csjge

Unprofitable(Adj) ¼vUi~jkfQVc~y~½ ykHkghu]ftleas ykHk u gks

Unshakable(Adj) vVwV
Unsocial(Adj) ¼vul~ ks”k~y~½
Unsolicited(Adj) fcuk ek¡xk gqvk e”kfojk ;k lykg
Upliftment(N) ¼vi~fy¶V~esUV~½ mRFkku] rjDdh
Unethical (Adj) vuSfrd
Upstart(N) ¼viL~ VkV~Z½
Up-to-date(Adj) latest, vk/kqfudre] uohure
U-Turn(N) ¼;w&Vu~Z½
Valuable(Adj) ¼oS+Y;qc~y~½
Value based(Adj) ¼oSY;q cLs M~½ mlwyksa ij vk/kkfjr
Vehemently(Adv) l[rh ds lkFk
Ventilation(N) ¼osfUVy”s k~u~½ gok ds vkokxeu dh O;oLFkk
Verbal boxing(N) ¼ocZy ckfDlax½ dgklquh] cgl
Vibrant energy(Adj) t+jnLr ÅtkZ
Victim(N) ¼fod~fVe~½
Vagabond(Adj) vkokjk] LosPNkpkjh
Violation(N) mYya?ku
Virgin(N) ¼oj~ftu~½
Violence(N) fgla k
Vision(N) ¼oh+ t+u½~ y{;] dYiuk] liuk
Venom(Adj) ¼osue½
Remote(Adj) nwjLFk] njw dk] remote areas
Vulgar(Adj) ¼oYxj~½
Warrior(N) ¼okWfjvj~½
Wardrobe(Adj) diMk+ j[kus dh vyekjh
Welfare(N) ¼osy~Q+svj~½
Well-behaved(Adj) ¼osy~fcgsOM~½ vPNs O;ogkj okyk
Whim(N) ¼foe~½
Wholesome(Adj) ¼gksy~le~½ follow the whims of fashion

Widespread(Adj) ¼okbML~ izsM~½ loZO;kIr] gj txg
Will(N) ¼foy~½
Willpower(Adj) bPNk”kfDr
Witness(N) ¼foVusl~½
Workmanship(N) dkjhxjh
Worthless(Adj) useless, csdkj
Wrester(N) ¼jsLyj~½ igyoku
Withdrawal(N) ¼fon~MªkW½ okilh

592

Abduct¼,scMDV½ gj.k djuk abducted abducted

Abort¼,sckWVZ½ xHkZikr gksuk]le; ls igys u’V gkuk aborted aborted

Accommodate¼vdkEMsV½ Bgjkuk] vkokl&LFkku nsuk accommodated accommodated

Activate¼,fDVosV½ lfØ; djuk] fØ;k”khy djuk activated activated

Advertise¼,MoVkZbt+½ Ápkj djuk] foKkiu djuk advertised advertised
Advocate¼,MoWdsV½ odkyr djuk
advocated advocated

Admire¼vM~ekbvj½ iz”kla k djuk admired admired

Affiliate¼,fQfy,V½ lEc} gksuk] tqM+uk affiliated affiliated

Affix¼vfQDl½ yxkuk] tksM+uk affixed affixed
Affirm¼vQeZ½ n`<r+ kiwoZd dguk
Afflict¼vf¶yDV½ ihM+k nsuk] nq[k nsuk affirmed affirmed
afflicted afflicted

Afford¼vQksMZ½ leFkZ gksuk] ogu djuk afforded afforded

Alarm¼vykeZ½ pfdr gksuk ;k djuk alarmed armed

Allocate¼,yksdsV½ fdlh dk;Z grs q /ku vkoafVr djuk allocated allocated

Amaze¼vest+½ vpEHks eas Mkyuk amazed amazed

Amend¼vesUM~½ la”kks/ku djuk amended amended

Amputate¼,EI;wVsV~½ “kjhj ds fdlh vax dk dkV nsuk amputated amputated

Amuse¼vE;wt+½ eucgykuk] euksjatu djuk amused amused

Analyse¼,su~ykbt+~½ fo”ys’k.k djuk] v?;u djuk analysed analysed

Animate¼,sfuesV~½ tkunkj djuk] thfor djuk animated animated

Anticipate¼,safVflisV½ igys ls vUnkt+k yxkuk anticipated anticipated

Applaud¼vIykmM~½ iz”kalk djuk] rkyh ctkdj vuqeksnu djuk applauded applauded

Approach¼,ikz sp½ fudV gksuk] igqapuk approached approached

Appraise¼v^iszt+~½ ewY;kadu djuk] vkaduk appraised appraised

Approve¼vizwo½ ekU;rk nsuk]Lohdr` nsuk approved approved

Arbitrate¼vkjfcVsªV~½ e/;LFkrk djuk arbitrated arbitrated

Argue¼vkjX;w½ cgl djuk] rdZ djuk argued argued

Aspire¼,sLik;j½[okfg”k djuk] vkdka{kk djuk aspired aspired

Assert¼vlVZ½ viuk vf/kdkj ekaxuk]tkjs nsdj dguk asserted asserted
Assess¼vWlsl½ eqY;kadu djuk
assessed assessed

Assign¼vlkbu~½ dksbZ dke lkaSiuk assigned assigned
Assimilate¼vflfeyVs ~½ vkRelkr djuk] lekos”k djuk assimilated assimilated

Associate¼vlksf”k,V~½ laidZ j[kuk] laca} tksM+uk associated associated

Assume¼vL;we~½ /kkj.k djuk] lR; eku ysuk assumed assumed

Assure¼v”;ksj½ fo”okl fnykuk assured assured

Astonish¼vLVWkfu”k~½ vk”p;Z esa Mkyuk astonished astonished

Atone¼vVksu~½ Ik”pkrki djuk] ikz ;f”pr djuk atoned atoned

Attach¼vVSp~½ tksM+uk] cka/kuk attached attached

Auction¼vkWD”k~u~½ uhyke djuk auctioned auctioned

Baffle¼cSQ+~y~½ pfdr dj nsuk baffled baffled

Bake¼csd~½ HkV~Bh ;k vaxhBh esa idkuk baked baked

Ban¼cSu~½ izfrca/k yxkuk banned banned

Banish¼cSfu”k~½ ns”k ls fudky nsuk banished banished

Bang¼cSa³½ tk+ sj ls izgkj djuk ;k ekjuk banged banged

Bar¼ckj~½ jksd nsuk barred barred

Bargain¼ckj~xu~½ eky&rksy djuk bargained bargained

Bask¼ckLd~½ /kwi ysuk ;k /kwi [kkuk basked basked

Beguile¼fc^xkby~½ Qlq ykuk] /kks[kk nsdj ys ysuk beguiled beguiled

Belittle¼fc^fyV~y~½ uhpk fn[kkuk]de egRo nsuk belittled belittled