spoken express

493

Ill at ease cpSu] O;xz& I am ill at ease when addressing a large
gathering of people.
In black and white fyf[kr& Let us have the terms and conditions in
black and white.
In the nick of the time, at the last moment Bhd le; ij& I woke up in
the nick of the time and raised the alarm.
Icing on the cake Lkksus ij lqgkxk& If your communication skills is
good, it will be an icing on the cake during the job interview.
In a fix nqfo/kk eas gksuk] my>u eas gksuk& I am in a fix, and don’t know what
to do.
In cold blood cjs geh ds lkFk& He was murdered in cold blood.
In full swing tksjksa ij] “kckc ij& The fair was in full swing in the
evening time.
In the prime of life tokuh eas& She died in the prime of her life.
Implicate somebody fdlh dks Qla kuk& The officer was implicated in
bribery case.
Ins and outs NksVh ls NksVh ckras tkuuk& Having worked 5 years, I know
all the ins outs of that company.
In a nutshell laf{kIr eas] e[q rlj esa& She told me the whole story in a
nutshell.
In accordance with ds vulq kj& We should work in accordance with
our teacher’s advice.
In favour of i{k eas gksuk& I am in favour of Indian Hockey team.
In good faith lkQ uh;r ls& We are acting in good faith for our clients.
His defence is that he acted in good faith.
In hot water eqlhcr esa gksuk& After losing his job, he got into hot water.
In lieu of LFkku ij] cnys eas&I gave him money, and in lieu of that, he
gave me food.
In no time tYnh& I will be back in no time.
In quest of [kkst eas& we went everywhere in quest of water.
In the guise of os’k eas& He came to me in the guise of a policeman.
In the long run vUr esa& Admitting one’s mistakes is a bitter pill to
swallow, but it pays in the long run.
In the twinkling of an eye iyd >idrs gh& The mood of the crowd
changed in the twinkling of an eye and violence started.
In the teeth of opposition tcjnLr fojks/k& The union carried on its
strike in the teeth of opposition from the management.
In vogue/in fashion izpyu eas gksuk] fjokt eas gksuk& Frayed jeans are in
vogue once again.

Join hands lgk;d gksuk& He has joined hands with my enemy to
avenge on me.
Joggle the key pkHkh dks >Vds ls b/kj&m/kj ?kqekuk& I had to joggle the key
in the lock to open it.

494

Jack of all trades FkksM+k cgqr gj dke tkuuk& David is jack of all trades
but master of none.
Judge a book by its cover page Åijh gko&Hkko ls vUnktk+ yxkuk& Don’t
judge a book by its cover page unless you have gone through its
contents.
Jump for joy mRlkg ;k tks”k ds lkFk [kq”kh eukuk& When Dhoni hit the
winning six, all the fans in the stadium Jumped for joy.

Keep body and soul together xqtj+ clj djuk& With this ongoing
corona virus pandemic, it is difficult to keep body and soul together in
this lockdown.
Keep the wolf from the door Hkq[kejh ls cpuk& As a student, I took a
part time evening job to keep the wolf from the door.
Keep under lock and key ljq f{kr j[kuk] fgQkt+r ls j[kuk& You should
keep all the important documents under lock and key.
Kith and kin fj”rsnkj& We should keep friendly relation with our Kith
and Kin.
Keep an eye on dM+h fuxjkuh j[kuk& The police are keeping an eye on
the activities of the anti- social elements in the area.
Keep at arm’s length QVdus u nsuk& I keep such depraved people at
arm’s length.
Keep company lkFk jguk] laxr gksuk& Always keep good company, and
you will learn good things.
Keep house look after the house ?kj ckj pykuk& My father is retired,
now he is keeping the house.
Keep house open esgekukas ds fy, ?kj [kqyk j[kuk& She always keeps her
house open for guests.
Keep in the dark va/kjs s esa j[kuk& Tell me everything about the matter,
don’t keep me in the dark.
Keep one’s fingers crossed mRlqdrkiwoZd bUrst+kj djuk] bPNkuqlkj dke gksus
dh mEehn j[kuk& I am keeping my fingers crossed that our team will
win the match in the end.
Keep pace with dne feykdj pyuk& Slow down please; I cannot keep
pace with you.
Keep regular hours lc dke le; ij djuk& Disciplined students
always keep regular hours.
Keep the finger on the pulse oDr dh j¶rkj ij utj+ j[kuk&The situation
is changing rapidly, so we have to keep the finger on the pulse.
Keep one’s cool keep one’s temper viuh Hkkoukvkas dks fu;U=.k esa j[kuk&
Never get excited, always keep your cool.
Keep one’s word opu ijw k djuk& He promised to gift me a
smartphone, but did not keep his word.
Kill time le; fcrkuk& While waiting for the train, I went through
newspaper to kill time.
Kill someone with joke entertain eukjs atu ls ljkcksj dj nsuk& You really
killed me with that joke, I never laughed that much before.

495

Kill someone with kindness fdlh ds izfr t+:jr ls vf/kd uje gksdj mls
cckZn dj nsuk& If you give more freedom to your child, You will kill
him with kindness.
Know one’s place viuh gn ekywe gksuk] viuh vkSdkr tkuuk& I don’t
interfere in my boss work, I know my place.

Laid up fcLrj ij iM+ tkuk& He is laid up with fever for five days.
Lame excuse >wBk cgkuk+& He made lame excuses for missing the
function.
Last straw cnkZ”r dh vfUre lhek+& First he abused him, then he slapped
him, and that was the last straw.
Last but not the least vfUre ij de ughas& Last but not least, I would
like to call upon Mr Arun Tripathy. Please on the stage.
Laugh in the sleeve eqag fNikdj gla uk& At my misery, he was laughing
in his sleeve.
Leave in the lurch chp eas NksM+uk& My friend left me in the lurch.
Lie in wait rkd eas fNis jguk& The militants lie in wait for the army
convoy.
Live fast foykflrkiwoZd jguk+& Although he is poor, yet he lives fast.
Loaves and fishes HkkSfrd ykHk& Everybody seems to be running after
loaves and fishes in this materialistic world.
Long for rhcz bPNk gksuk& I am longing for a cup of tea.
Lose heart fgEer gkjuk@fujk”k gksuk You should not lose heart, as every
cloud has a silver lining.
Lack punch csvlj gksuk& His performance/speech/presentation lacked
punch.
Landslide victory pquko eas Hkkjh vra j ls thr gkfly djuk& He got a
landslide victory in the assembly election and won it by heavy margin
of votes.
Last laugh vafre nkao thruk] vkf[kjh ckt+h ekjuk& India lost the first two
league matches, but it had the last laugh in the final.
Law and order dkuuw &O;oLFkk& There cannot be any peace and
progress without law and order in the country.
Lead a life thou thuk& We should lead a life of honesty and
simplicity.
Leave in the dark lgh tkudkjh u nsuk] va/ksjs esa j[kuk& Why do you
always leave me in the dark about everything?
Leave no stone unturned leave no chance dksbZ dlj ckdh u j[kuk& I
shall leave no stone unturned to achieve my aim.
Left-handed compliment mYVs vFkZ okyh iz”kalk djuk& It is not a left-
handed compliment, you really deserved it.
Lend a hand dke esa gkFk cVkuk& Please lend me your hand to finish this
work early.
Let me see t+jk lkspus nks& “Do you know a shop that sells sports
items? Let me see– I think there is one round the corner.”
Lift no finger fuBYys cSBs jguk] dksbZ dke u djuk& Rekha never lifts a
finger to help her sister in the housework.

496

Light at the end of the tunnel silver lining amidst dark clouds eqlhcr
ds le; mEehn dh fdj.k fn[kkbZ iM+uk& When the relief team reached the
flood affected area, the victims felt a light at the end of the tunnel.
Light sleeper vklkuh ls tkxus okyk O;fDr& My father is a light sleeper
even a slight sound can wake him up.
Lion’s share cM+k fgLlk& The father left the lion’s share of his property
for his youngest son.
Live beyond one’s means spend more money than one can earn or
afford dekus ls vf/kd [kpZ djuk&Don’t live beyond your means,
otherwise you will get into trouble.
Live by wits live by tricks Ny ls thou xqt+kjuk& Don’t live by your
wits, live by hard work.
Live from hand to mouth fdlh rjg xtq +j&clj djuk& With just five
thousand salary, he is living from hand to mouth.
Look back ihNs eqM+dj ns[kuk& His first novel was published three years
ago, since then he has not looked back.
Look forward to cspSuh ls izrh{kk djuk& We are looking forward to your
visit to India.
Lose head ekafld la;e [kksuk& Most of the people lose their head under
pressure situation.
Lose ground idM+ detk+ sj gksuk& The Congress is now losing its ground
in many states in India.
Lose one’s heart to someone fdlh dks fny ns cSBuk& I lost my heart to
her at first glance.
Look like a million dollars cgqr vPNk fn[kuk ;k egllw djuk& You look
like a million dollars in that outfit, Honey!

Maiden speech çFke Hkk’k.k& Pt. Nehru made his maiden speech in front
of a roaring audience.
Make a clean breast of eku yus k ;k Lohdkj dj ysuk& He made a clean
breast of his involvement in the smuggling.
Make a mountain of a molehill fry dk rkM+ cukuk& He is habitual to
make a mountain of a molehill.
Make amends for xYrh lq/kkjuk He made amends for his mistakes.
Make neither head nor tail dqN le> eas u vkuk I could make neither
head nor tail of his speech.
Man of iron will ykSg iq:’k& Sardar Patel was a man of iron will.
Man of straw ekewyh vkneh& He is not someone special, he is a man of
straw.
Move heaven and earth gj eqfEdu dksf”k”k djuk I will move heaven and
earth to achieve my ambition.
Make a name uke dekuk& Sachin Tendulkar made a name in the
world of cricket.
Make a noise about something /;ku [khapus ds fy, cksyuk ;k fpYykuk& If
you don’t make a noise about your talent, nobody will recognize it.
Make a short work of vpkud ;k tYnh lekIr dj nsuk& We made a short
work of the assignment and finished it early.

497

Make a will olh;r djuk& His father made a will to donate half of his
property to the charity.
Make a world of difference cgrq QdZ iM+uk& A little help from your
end will make a world of difference to me.
Make big fortune dkQh iSlk dekuk& He made big fortune during the
property boom.
Make both ends meet vk; eas fdlh rjg xqtk+ jk djuk& Many poor people
living below the poverty line are not able to make both ends meet.
Make face eaqg fp<+kuk& The children were making face at the monkey
in the Zoo.
Make ducks and drakes cckZn djuk& He made ducks and drakes with
his father’s money.
Make haste tYnh djuk& Make haste, or you will be late for the office.
Make money iSlk iSnk djuk ;k cukuk& Rahul made a lot of money in
the export business.
Make one’s blood run cold fdlh pht ls Hk;Hkhr gksuk ;k Mj tkuk& The
very thought of ghost makes my blood run cold.
Make the best of a bad job fo’ke ifjfLFkfr;kas esa Hkh vPNs dke dj ysuk& He
is very resourceful man, he can make the best of a bad job.
Make the matter worse fLFkfr dk vkSj fcxM+ tkuk& Three of our players
are ill, and to make the matter worse, our captain has pulled his
hamstring.
Make up one’s mind eu cuk ysuk& I have made up my mind to resign
from my job by this weekend.
Man of letters lkfgR;dkj& He is an acknowledged man of letters.
Man of parts xq.kh O;fDr& APJ Abdul kalam was a man of parts.
Means to an end y{; izkIr djus dk lk/ku& I don’t particularly like this
job. For me, it is just a means to an end for the time being.
Mince words dksbZ ckr Li’V :Ik ls u dguk& Don’t mince words, say it
openly.
Money burns hole in somebody’s pocket ilS k [kpZ djus ds fy;s mrkoyk
gksuk& He cannot become a rich person, as money burns hole in his
pocket.
More by luck than by judgment fdLer ls T;knk prqjkbZ ;k gquj ls de&
His victory was more by luck than by judgment.
Music to one’s ears eu dks vPNh yxus okyh dksbZ ckr& Your promotion
to the rank of director was a music to my ears.
Mutter something under the breath /khjs ls dqN dguk& She muttered
something under her breath.

Narrow escape have a close shave cky&cky cpuk& yesterday I had a
narrow escape in the car accident near the highway.
Nine days’ wonder pkj fnu dh pkanuh fQj va/ksjh jkr Beauty is only nine
days’ wonder.
Nip in the bud vkjEHk esa gh u’V dj nsuk& We should nip bad habit in the
bud.

498

None the less fQj Hkh& Though he deceived me, none the less, I helped
him.
Now and then le; le; ij& He visits our house now and then.
Null and void – vekU;] voS/k& The old law in this regard has been
declared null and void.
New lease of life ubZ vk”kkvksa dk lapkj& Sachin Tendulkar got a new
lease of life and made a century after his catch was dropped.
No guts, no glory cxSj fgEer ds “kksgjr ugha feyrh& If you don’t take
risk, you will never succeed. It is like no guts, no glory.
No matter dksbZ fnDdr@ckr ugha& I have not got that book with me. No
matter- here is another one.
Not much of something cgrq tkudkj u gksuk& I am not much of a
driver, I can just drive.

Of late gky gh esa& Of late, I have joined Spoken English Course.
Off and on dHkh&dHkh& He visits his hometown off and on.
Once in a blue moon dHkh&dHkkj gh& He comes to my place once in a
blue moon.
Once in a life time ftanxh esa flQZ ,d ckj gksuk ;k vkuk& Such
opportunity comes once in a life time.
Once for all lnk ds fy,& He deserted his family once and for all.
Once upon a time cgqr igys& Once upon a time there was an old lion
in a jungle.
On the brink of ds dxkj ij& I am on the brink of telling your parents
of your misdeeds that you have been up to lately.
On a silver platter pkanh dh Fkkyh esa ijksldj ikuk& Being the relative of
the minister, he gets everything in silver platter.
On the eve of volj ij& People decorate their houses on the eve of
Diwali.
On equal terms cjkcjh ij& Can our industry compete on equal terms
with its overseas rivals? He refused to treat me on equal terms.
Open-hearted man [kqys fny dk vkneh& An open-hearted man is liked
by everybody.
Open secret [kqyk jgL;& It is useless to hide the fact, now it is an open
secret for everybody.
Open the door to vkxs ds fy, jkLrk [kksy nsuk& There are hopes that this
latest move by China may open the door for further discussions.
Order thoughts fopkjkas dks O;ofLFkr djuk& Just give me a moment to
order my thoughts, and then I will explain to you.
Out of breath lkla dk m[kM+ tkuk] Fkd tkuk& After a long walk, we
were all out of breath.
Out herod-herod cgqr funZ;h gksuk& In the ethnic violence, the two
communities were out herod-herod in cruelty towards each other
Out of sorts vLoLFk gksuk& Today I am feeling out of sorts.

Pack of lies >wB dk iqfyank& The whole report is a pack of lies.
Paint the gloomy picture fLFkfr dks [kjkc fn[kkuk& Few economists are
painting the gloomy picture of the world economy.

499

Pass the buck dke dks Vkyuk& Corrupt officers don’t do the work
immediately, they pass the buck to others.
Pass the time le; fcrkuk& In my spare time, I read newspaper to pass
the time.
Passions run high Hkkoukvkas dk pje lhek ij gksuk& Passions ran very
high in the final match of the world cup.
Pay back in the same coin tSls dks rSlk djuk& He beat me and I paid
him back in the same coin.
Pep-talk izksRlkgu ds fy, dh tkus okyh ckr&phr& After my pep-talk with
the employees, their morale was boosted and sales rose high.
Petticoat government vkSjrksa dh gqdwer& Many countries are under
petticoat government.
Pick and choose cgqr lh pht+ks eas ls vPNh pht+ pquuk& Many shopkeepers
don’t allow to pick and choose.
Pick up courage fgEer tqVkuk& You must pick up courage to tell the
fact at his face.
Pin somebody down to something fdlh ls oknk iwjk djkuk& He pinned

me down to my promise.
Play cards right behave in a right way le>nkjh ls dke yus k& If you

play your cards right, you can get a big success in your new business

venture.
Play cat and mouse yqdk&Nqih [ksyuk] rjg&rjg ds mik; djuk& Corrupt

politicians are afraid of the media, they are often found playing cat

and mouse with them.
Play second fiddle to work like a subordinate, fdlh ds v/khu jgdj dke
djuk& I would like to be my own boss; I don’t like to play second

fiddle to anybody.
Play silly buggers ew[krZ kiw.kZ O;ogkj djuk& Nobody should be allowed to
play silly buggers in a such a serious situation.
Pocket an insult vieku lguk& Nobody can pocket such an insult in
public.
Point at issue fopkj dk eqn~nk& what is the point at issue right now?
Point-blank clearly lkQ&lkQ& I told him point-blank that I would not
go to Agra with him.
Poison the mind fdlh ds f[kykQ fnekx eas t+gj ?kksyuk& He always
poisons his mind against me.
Poke one’s nose n[ky nsuk] gLr{ksi djuk& Give up the habit of poking
your nose into others’ matter.
Pour oil on troubled water “kkUr djuk& These two neighbours are
always fighting like cats and dogs, and I am the one who has to pour
oil on troubled water.
Pros and cons nksuksa igyw& We should consider pros and cons before
taking any final decision.
Prove a dark horse fNik :Lre fudyuk& He proved a dark horse by
finishing first in the race.
Pull a hamstring ul dk [khap tkuk& He pulled a hamstring while
chasing the ball in a cricket match.
Pull the long face ukilanh tk+fgj djuk& The director pulled a long face
at my proposal to take a tour to Agra.

500

Pull the strings fdlh dk fu;=a .k gksuk ;k et+hZ dk pyuk& I am curious to
know who is pulling the strings around here.
Puppy love love between teenagers fd”kkjs koLFkk dk isze& It was just a
puppy love between them, very soon it was all over.
Put heads together lj tksM+dj cSBuk& Let us put our heads together to
work out a strategy to face the present day technological challenges.
Put to sword tku ls ekjuk& In the world war, thousands of innocent
people were put to sword.
Put on ice fdlh dke dks B.Ms cLrs eas Mky nsuk& The ambitious rural
development project has been put on ice for the time being by the
government.
Put one’s cards on the table vius iRrs [kksyuk& I thought it was time to
lay my cards on the table and tell that I did not intend to marry her.
Put the cart before the horse mYVk dke djuk& Are you not putting the
cart before the horse by deciding to wear casual dress on a formal
occasion?
Put the roses back into cheeks chekjh bR;kfn ds ckn fQj ls LoLFk gks
tkuk& A little bit of morning walk every day will put the roses back
into your cheeks.

Quite a few dkQh& Quite a few members missed the meeting
yesterday.
Quarrel with one’s bread and butter >xMk+ djds ukSdjh xaokuk& One
should never quarrel with one’s bread and butter.

Rank and file lk/kkj.k Js.kh ds yksx& The standard of rank and file has
gone up.
Read between the lines xw<+ vFkZ dks le>uk& He is wise enough to
read between the lines.
Red rag to a bull fdlh dks mdlkus okyh ckr& He is a red rag to bull for
me as he insulted his father.
Red tape ljdkjh n¶rjkas dh vuko”;d vkSipkfjdrk& There is red tape in
every government department.
Rhyme and reason dkj.k& He was dismissed from the job without
rhyme and reason
Root and branch tM+ ls& It is high time to destroy corruption root
and branch by supporting Anna's movement.
Royal road ljy jkLrk& There is no royal road to success except
sustained and continuous effort.
Run away Hkkx tkuk & Don’t run away from your responsibilities.
Run riot act without restraint fu;=a .k ls ckgj& don’t let your children
run riot.
Run the risk [krjs eas iM+uk& Don’t run the risk of losing your job by
arguing with your employer.
Rack one’s brain fnekx [kikuk& I racked my brains the whole night
but could not work out any solution to the problem.
Rain or shine pkgs dSlk gh ekSle gks& Rain or shine I will go to attend
the Republic Day Programme.

501

Read somebody’s mind fdlh ds eu dh fLFkfr dks tku ysuk& Reading
somebody’s mind is not everybody’s cup of tea.
Receive a red carpet welcome give or receive warm reception
t+cjnLr Lokxr ikuk ;k gksuk& We received a red carpet welcome at our
friend’s party.
Rest on laurels vkSj vf/kd dke;kch ds fy, iz;kl u djuk& It’s great that
India became the world champion in Cricket, but it must not rest on
its laurels.
Rise to the occasion volj ds vuqlkj dk;Z djuk& Our freedom fighters
rose to the occasion and fought against the British rule.
Rights and wrongs xyr vkSj lgh& I don’t care for the rights and
wrongs of the matter, I just want you both to stop arguing.
Ripple of excitement jkseakp dh ygj& There was a ripple of excitement
among the audience when the actor appeared on the stage.
Roll in money cgqr vf/kd iSlk gksuk] iSls eas [ksyuk& Ever since he started
the wholesale garments business, he is rolling in money.
Roll up sleeves vkLrhu p<k+ uk& They had rolled up their sleeves, but I
intervened and pacified the matter.
Red letter day egRoiw.kZ fnu& 15th of August is a red-letter day in the
history of India.
Rule with a high/iron hand l[rh ds lkFk O;ogkj djuk& We should not
rule our employees with a high hand.

Safe and sound ljq f{kr& After a lot of trouble on the way, finally we
reached home safe and sound.
See the light of the day vey esa vkuk& The project could never see the
light of the day due to serious fund shortage.
Sell like hot cakes cgqr rts h ls fcduk& The latest book on ‘Spoken
English’ by Mr. Shah Alam is selling like hot cakes.
Sell one’s soul viuk t+ehj ;k vkRek csp nsuk& He can sell even his soul to
earn name and fame.
Set the stage/themes on fire t+cjnLr izn”kZu ;k vnkdkjh djuk& Now I
call upon Mr. Amit kumar to come and set the stage on fire, please
give him a big round of hand.
So far vc rd& So far half of the course has been completed by our
teacher.
Set the pulse racing to make excited, mRrsftr dj nsuk] tks”k Hkj nsuk&
This is a music that will set your pulse racing.
Settle an old scores to take revenge, cnyk ysuk& He wanted to settle
an old score with me.
Shake hands with gkFk feykuk& I offered to shake hands with him, but
he ignored me.
Shed crocodile tears >wBs vk¡lw cgkuk& She shed crocodile tears at the
death of her step-daughter.
Side issue de vgfe;r dk ekeyk& Let us discuss the main problems
first, then we will take up the side issue.
Show true colours viuk okLrfod pfj= fn[kkuk& We can see the true
colours of our friends when we are in trouble.

502

Sow one’s wild oats ;qokoLFkk dh xfYr;ka djuk& When he was young, he
sowed his wild oats.
Sit up and take notice viuh mifLFkfr euok ysuk& He has the required

ability to make the people sit up and take notice.
Sleep like a baby have a sound sleep vPNh uhan lksuk& Yesterday night

I slept like a baby.
Smell a rat nky eas dkyk yxuk] Hkaki yus k& When my rival praised me, I

smelt a rat.
Snatch victory from the jaws tcM+s ls thr [khap ysuk& Australia was on

the verge of winning the match, but India snatched the victory from

its jaws.
Speak one’s mind say frankly what one thinks eu dh ckr dguk& I

spoke my mind before my boss.
Speak for itself [kqn cksyuk& Don’t praise yourself, let the work speak
for itself.
Spick and span lkQ&lqFkjk& All the roads in Mumbai city are spick
and span.
Save face vieku ls cpuk& He could not save his face after
misbehaving with his boss.
Shut one’s mouth eq¡g can djuk& Shut your mouth, nobody asked you
to speak.
Smash into something ram into yM+ tkuk] VDdj gksuk& The car was
moving at a high speed when it smashed into the tree.
Sooner or later, eventually njs &lojs & Sooner or later the truth will
come to light. Opportunity will knock the door sooner or later.
Sink or swim djks ;k ejks & Good friends never leave each other, they
sink or swim together.
Snap one’s fingers m¡xyh pVdkuk ;k ctkuk&He was snapping his
fingers in tune with the music.
Speak harshly :[kk ;k rh[kk cksyuk& You should not speak harshly to
anybody.
Speak extempore speak off hand fcuk rS;kjh ds Hkk’k.k nsuk& He spoke
extempore at the function, but it was a fine speech.
Split hair cky dh [kky fudkyuk ;k cky dh [kky fudkyus okyk O;fDr& Don’t
split hair. Nobody likes a split hair person.
Square meal Hkj isV Hkkstu& Many poor families in India don’t get a
square meal daily.
Short cut vklku jkLrk& Never adopt short cut for success in life.
Summer friend [kq”kgkyh ds fe=& I keep summer friends at arm’s
length.
Stand the sight of fdlh dks ilan djuk ;k cnkZ”r djuk& Get lost, I can’t
stand the sight of you anymore.
Stand on one’s own feet vius iSj ij [kMs+ gksuk& If you want to stand on
your own feet, you will have to struggle hard in life.
Stand the taste of time still popular after a long time le; dh ijh{kk ij
[kjk mrjuk ;k vHkh Hkh yksdfiz; gksuk& God willing, this book will stand the
test of time and is going to be a best seller.

503

Stand up and be counted viuh izfrHkk dks euok ysuk& You will not be
heard by the people if you don’t have the courage to stand up and be
counted.
Stick at fgpfdpkuk& He will stick at nothing to achieve his aim.
Spread like wild fire taxy dh vkx dh rjg QSyuk& The news of their
marriage break-up spread like wild fire.
Squeeze somebody dry fdlh dks fupksM+ ysuk] daxky cuk nsuk& When he
got married, his wife squeezed him dry and left him pauper.
Steal a march on somebody fdlh ls vkxs dksbZ dke dj yus k] ckth+ ekj
ysuk& our rival company stole a march on us by launching the new
version of the product ahead of us.
Steal heart fny pjq kuk& The beauty of the Kashmir valley stole my
heart at the first glance.
Step on somebody’s toe fdlh ds vf/kdkj {ks= esa n[ky nsuk& I don’t like
the people who step on others’ toe.
Storm in a tea-cup NksVh&NksVh ckr ij >esyk djuk& He created a storm
in a tea-cup for nothing.
Strain every nerve iwjh dksf”k”k djuk& He strained every nerve to win
the assembly election.

Tackle an issue fdlh leL;k dk gy ryk”k djuk& Tackling the issue
unemployment seems to be an uphill task.
Take for le>uk& I took him for an honest person.
Take something personally vius Åij ysuk& I said it in a general way,
but he took it personally. Don’t take it personally.
Take French leave fcuk NqV~Vh fy, pys tkuk& His teacher punished him
for taking French leave.
Take heed to be careful lko/kku jguk& He takes heed of his health.
Take ill cjq k ekuuk& I was just kidding, but he took it ill.
Take the bull by the horns dfBukbZ dk fgEer ls eqdkcyk djuk& I will not
fear the situation, I will take the bull by the horns.
Take the time by forelock le; ds vUnj dke djuk& You must take the
time by forelock and do it before the deadline.
Take to task MkaVuk] lt+k nus k& He was taken to task by his boss for
negligence.
The long and short of in a few words fdlh ckr dk lkjka”k ;k fupksM+&
The long and short of the matter is that I don’t want to have any
further dealings with him.
Through and through/Out and out iwjh rjg ls& He is through and
through an honest person.
Through thick and thin vPNh&cqjh gj fLFkfr esa& He stood by me
through thick and thin.
Throw up the gauntlet pqukSrh Lohdkj djuk& When the heavyweight
champion challenged that nobody could beat him, this newcomer
threw down the gauntlet.
True to one’s salt oQknkj gksuk& The Sikh soldiers were true to their
salts.

504

Turn the tide change the situation fLFkfr dks iyV nsuk& They claim that
they are turning the tide against corruption.
Trump up cgkus x<+uk& Every time he is late, he trumps up a story.
Most of the charges against him were trumped up.
Throw cold water upon mRlkg Hkax djuk] fgEer rksM+uk& My father threw
cold water on my plan to visit Nainital.
Time and again again and again ckj&ckj& I warned him time and
again to come on time.
Time and tide le; dh xfr& Time an tide waits for none.
To and fro b/kj&m/kj& The passengers were moving to and fro at the
station.
Tooth and nail ijw h rkdr ds lkFk yM+uk& We shall fight tooth and nail
for our rights.
Turn a deaf ear to mis{kk djuk] ut+jvankt+ djuk& He turned a deaf ear to
my advice. We should turn a deaf ear to this rumour.
Take a serious turn ekeyk fcxM+ tkuk] xEHkhj :Ik /kkj.k djuk& The matter
was very small, but it took a serious turn later on.
Take care of ns[kHkky djuk& Who takes care of the business in your
father’s absence.
Take for granted fdlh pht dks mfpr egRo u nsuk& In our country
freedom is taken for granted.
Take chances tksf[ke mBkuk] rdnhj vkt+ekuk& You are taking chances if
you are not carrying an umbrella with you.
Take the matter into hands ekeys dks vius gkFk eas yus k& When the
police failed to catch the murderer, the public decided to take the
matter into their own hands.
Take the rough with the smooth vPNk cjq k lc Lohdkj djuk& That is
life; you have to take the rough with the smooth.
Take the word out of mouth eqag ls ckr Nhu ysuk& I was just going to
say the same, but you took the word out of my mouth.
Take the easy way out ges”kk vklku jkLrk pquuk& Why do you always
take the easy way out?
Take it easy fdlh pht dks lgtrk ls ysuk& I am not nervous about the
interview, I take it easy.
Teach old dog new habits or tricks tc fdlh dh vknr ;k O;ogkj cnyuk
eqf”dy gks& He is very adamant in his ways, making him give up his
bad habits is like teaching an old dog new tricks.
Tear somebody’s heart out fdlh dks cgqr nq%[kh dj nsuk& The plight of
those deserted children is tearing my heart out.
Teething problem “kq:vkrh fnDdr& We feel teething problem in the
starting of any business.
Tell at face eqag ij cksy nus k& If I don’t like anything, I tell it at face.
Test of one’s own medicine vius cqjs dke dk urhtk [kqn Hkqxruk& He
tested of his own medicine when he fell in his own trap, which he laid
for his enemy.
Thankless job ,glku jfgr dk;Z& Keeping the children’s room tidy is a
thankless job.

505

The facts speak lPpkbZ fNi ugha ldrh& Government says it has reduced
poverty, but the facts speak for themselves.
The time of one’s life cgqr etk+ ;k vkuUn mBkus dk le;& I had the time
of my life during my college day.
Throw dust in one’s eyes vka[kksa eas /kwy >ksaduk] Bxuk& You cannot throw
dust in my eyes, I was not born yesterday.
Throw light on izdk”k Mkyuk& I would like to throw light on the
problem of pollution.
Time and tide le; dh xfr& Time an tide waits for none.
Tall talk talk big “ks[kh c?kkjuk] cMh+ &cMh+ ckr djuk& Don’t talk big, I
know your reality.
Take to heels ljiV Hkkxuk& Seeing the snake, the children took to their
heels.
Take to heart cjq k ekuuk] fny ij yus k& Don’t take everything to heart.
Turn the table iklk iyV nsuk] LFkfr dk cny tkuk& After lagging behind
in the first half, Brazil turned the table on Germany in the second half.
Turn one’s mind ?ke.M iSnk djuk& Money has turned his mind, his
behavior has changed now.
Turn against fdlh ds f[kykQ [kMs+ gksuk& Rahul was my best friend, but
now he has turned against me.
Turn tail Hkkx tkuk& The British people had to turn tail and leave India
on August 15, 1947.
Turn over a new leaf vius vki dks lq/kkj yus k] u;s fljs ls dksbZ dke “kq:
djuk& My advice had a good effect on him, now he has turned over a
new leaf.
Take into account fopkj eas ykuk& You should take into account each
and every aspect of this matter before taking any final decision.
Talk shop vius dkjksckj dh ckr djuk& Be social, don’t always talk shop.
Tell its own tale viuh dgkuh [kqn dguk& This broken and uneven road
is telling its own tale.
Throw out of gear vLr&O;Lr djuk] Bhd rjg ls dke u djuk& The
nationwide strike has thrown the normal life out of gear.
Throw money around iSlk mM+kuk& If you throw your money around
like this, you will become bankrupt one day.
Turn coat nycny]w oDr ds lkFk b/kj&m/kj tkus okyk& He is a shifty person
and often turns his coat according to situation.
Turn up one’s nose at fdlh pht dk frjLdkj djuk& He is reduced to
beggary, still he turns his nose at taking to some employment.
Turn the corner pass the crisis [krjk Vy tkuk& Now the patient has
turned the corner, and is out of danger.
Turn attention fdlh rjQ /;ku nsuk& Turn your attention to the topic,
please.

Under the thumb of dkcw eas gksuk& I don’t like to be under the thumb of
anybody, I want to lead a life of my own.
Uphill task dfBu dk;Z& Tackling environmental issue seems to be an
uphill task.

506

Utopian scheme gokbZ fdy&s It is useless to make utopian scheme if
you can’t implement it.
Under the shadow of Almighty bZ”oj dh N=Nk;k esa& The good will remain
under the shadow of Almighty.
Upset stomach isV [kjkc djuk& Heavy food has upset his stomach.
Ups and downs mrkj&p<k+ o& I have seen many ups and downs in my
life.
Up to the mark Lrj dk gksuk& Your communication skills is not up to
the mark.
Up to date uohure] vk/qfud&She wears up to date clothes. Provide me
the up to date details.
Vie with fdlh pht+ ds fy, edq kcyk djuk& The state champion will vie
for the national title.
Under protect lqj{kk esa gksuk& He asked to be put under police
protection. My jacket gives me protection from cold.

Wax and wane ?kVuk&c<+uk& The moon waxes and wanes fortnightly.
Ways and means lk/ku& My ways and means are limited, so I cannot
afford such an expensive car.
Weal and woe lq[k&nq[k& My friend stood by me in weal and woe.
Wear and tear yxkrkj iz;ksx ls f?kluk& The company will not be
responsible for any wear and tear.
Wet blanket [kq”kh dks de djus okyh oLr&q My father threw wet blanket
on my plan to visit France.
Walls have ears nhokjksa ds Hkh dku gkrs s gSa& Be careful what you say, even
walls have ears.
Wash one’s hands of fdlh ekeys ls nkeu >kM+ yus k& He washed his
hands of the whole matter.
Ways of the world lalkj dk rjhdk& You are very young and still have
a lot to learn about the ways of the world.
Worship the rising sun mxrs ljw t dh iwtk djuk& Opportunists people
always worship the rising sun.
When chips are down fo’ke ifjfLFkfr ea]s eqf”dy gkykr ea&s M.S. Dhoni
gave the wonderful performance in the 2011 World Cup final when
the chips were down.
White elephant [kphZyh ,oa vuko”;d oLrq& This worn out car is proving
to be a white elephant for me.
Whiter than white bZekunkj& I am not convinced by his whiter than
white image depicted by the media.
With open arm iwjs tks”k ds lkFk& I was received with open arm at the
reception party.
With a view to ds bjkns ls& He is studying hard with a view to going to
foreign for higher study.
With one accord with one voice ,d er ;k ,d jk; ls& All the
opposition parties supported the bill with one accord.

507

Win laurels lEeku ikz Ir djuk& Sachin Tendulkar won many laurels as
a cricketer.
Wild goose chase fu’Qy iz;kl djuk& Wishing for a perfect happiness
in this imperfect world is a wild goose chase.
Wash dirty linen in public ?kj dh ckr ckgj crkuk& We should not
wash our dirty linen in public.

Yeoman’s service t+:jr ds le; cMh+ lgk;rk] njs le; rd mi;ksxh lsok&
She retired after 30 years of yeoman’s service to the Army.
You never know fdlh dk;Z ds vPNk gksus dh laHkkouk gksuk& The young
Indian soccer team may fight back in the second half- you never
know.

Some more Idioms

A bundle of nerves rukoxLz r O;fDr By the time of the interview, I was
a bundle of nerves.
Blazing inferno [kkSyk nsus okyh vkx A big fire that is comparable to the
intensely burning heat of hell.
Toss the hat into the ring fdlh pht+ eas Hkkx ysuk make a gesture
showing that you want to give something a try
A ball park figure vuqekfur vkadM+k He gave me a ball park figure.
Fire a shot across the bow to do something as warning psrkouh ds :i
esa His sharp retort was a shot across the bow to let him know his anger
Balloon goes up fLFkfr fcxM+uk If we don’t get that done by Friday, the
balloon will go up.
Get it off the chest gkys fny lqukuk state one’s complain to make one
feel better
Get cold feet ?kcjk tkuk] Mj tkuk Just before the interview, he got cold
feet.
Count someone out “kkfey u djuk If you are looking for people to
help you clean the house today, count me out.
Give someone a ribbing fp<k+ uk Don’t be offended if the team gives a
you a bit of a ribbing
Dig down deep into one’s pocket give generously and be charitable
viuh tsc ls [kpZ djuk we had to dig deep into our pocket after our
construction budget ballooned beyond what we expected.
A frog in the throat xyk [kjkc gksuk The cold has left me with a frog in
my throat, and I cannot talk.
Bowl of cherries ljy thou an easy and enjoyable situation or
experience. Life is not exactly a bowl of cherries.
A nose for it fdlh pht+ dks tku ysus dh {kerk j[kuk He has a good nose
for bargains. My mother has a nose for knowing when I skip classes.
What happened? you used to have a good nose for music.
Fabian policy foyEc djus dh uhfr policy of delaying decisions
Does not know the time of the day eq[kZ O;fDr someone who is really
stupid and doesn’t know anything

508

Catch a snooze >idh ysuk The long journey give me a chance to catch
a snooze on the way.
Aid and abet xjS dkuuw h dke eas enn djuk He was charged with aiding
and abetting a wanted criminal.
Even a worm will turn even a quiet, submissive person will
get angry if you continually agitate him rax vkus ij ncq Zy Hkh pksV djrk gS
Twist the lion’s tail fdlh dks mRrsftr djuk to provoke a person
Doesn’t hold water csne gksuk your argument just don’t hold water.
Earn one’s keep [kkus thus Hkj dekuk I will do anything to earn my keep
Feel it in the bones vUrKkZu gksuk I feel in my bones that he is wrong.
Let down uhpk fn[kkuk I will not let you down.
Fly in the face of, to defy vLohdkj djuk He likes to fly in the face of
Convention.
Thread and thrum combination of good and bad vPNk&cqjk nksuksa Don’t
be disappointed, accept the thread and thrum of life.
Dolled up vPNh rjg rs;kj gksuk We are all dolled up for the big day.
Credit where credit is due acknowledge someone’s work
Pay one’s dues to çkf”pr djuk In the eyes of the law, he has paid his
dues to the society. I will keep my head down till I pay my dues and
try to rebuild trust to get on with my normal life.
Get out of bed on the wrong side fnu dh “k:qvkr cjq s eMw ls djuk Did
you get out of bed on the wrong side this morning?
Walk a tightrope deal with a difficult situation dfBu ifjfLFkr dk
lkeuk djuk Manufacturers have to walk a tightrope between pricing
their goods and not selling them, and pricing them low and losing
money.
Walk a thin line to strike a balance larqyu cukdj j[kuk As a parent,
you have to walk a thin line between looking out for your
child’s welfare and being overprotective
Apple does not fall far from the tree said when someone is
displaying traits or behaving in the same way as their relatives ,d gh
tSlk gksuk
Variety is the spices of life having different experiences that make
the life interesting fofHkUurk ls gh thou dk etk+ gS
A bad penny always turns up an unpleasant an unwanted person or
thing with no values always comes back [kksVs flDds ?kwe dj okil vkrs gaS
He quarreled with me and left the the house˗ Don’t worry, a bad
penny always turns up, after all.
Blue collar working class, people engaged in hard manual labour
such as construction work ”kkjhfjd ifjJe djus okys yksx
Blue blood rich dqyhu] tkuk&ekuk+ A blue blood cannot understand the
pain of being the homeless.
Blue chip company LFkkfir vkSj et+crw dEiuh Microsoft is a blue chip
company.
White-collar associated with business people or business class

Tread on someone’s foot to do something that upsets or offends

someone fdlh dks ukjkt+ djuk

Odds and ends miscellaneous items of no value csdkj] NqViqV lkeku

509

I have got to do some odds and end before setting out on journey.
An elephant memory excellent memory rst+ ;knnk”r
Pink slip termination fdlh dks ukSdjh ls fudkyuk She might get a pink
sleep because her work has been below par.
Hat/cap in hand in meek and submissive way [kq”kken ls] fxM+fxMkr+ s gq,
He approached his boss with hat in hand
A back stabber one who unexpectedly betrays xn~nkj
Above board honest and straightforward bZekunkj His integrity is
above board.
A clean slate starting off with a clean
record fu’dyad] csnkx children are a clean slate, and will learn
everything that the teacher teaches. I want to start my relation with
him on a clean slate.
A cut above the average better than other people nlw jkas ls csgrj
Sharp-tongued speaking to others with a harsh or insulting manner,
hurtful remark pqHkrh ckr djus okyk ;k rkuk ekjus okyk He is typical sharp
tongued person, don’t get upset by what he says.
Action speak louder than words achievers are better than those who
talk big dke cksyrk gS Don’t just speak of welfare and charity, do
something. After all, actions speak louder than words.
An eye wash misleading or deceptive statement, to cover up the
anxiety of a person seeking reply or justification, /kks[kk He said that he
would help me, but I knew that was just an eye wash.
An old flame someone with whom one had romantic relations in
the past. ,d ijq kuh ykS
Meet one’s waterloo to meet crushing defeat ijkLr gksuk Don’t
brag, you will soon meet your waterloo.
Have several irons in the fire so many engagements at a time dbZ
dkekas esa my>k gqvk gksuk
Die a dog’s death to die a shameful and dishonourable death
ft+Yyr dh ekSr ejuk
Cry in wilderness irrelevant effort fu’Qy Á;kl
Cut the Gordian knot to perform a difficult task dfBu leL;k dk
lek/kku djuk It is a Gordian knot, we must cut it first to proceed ahead.
Set the themes on fire to cause a lot of excitement rgYdk epkuk
The new car sold fairly well, but could not exactly set the themes
on fire.
Be at the end of one’s tether to have no resource left /kS;Z dh vfUre
Lhek ;k ijkdk’Bk I can’t cope with it anymore, I am at the end of my
tether.
Take up a fool’s errand futile effort, useless undertaking ew[kZrkiw.kZ
dk;Z I am afraid you are going on a fool’s errand.
Be in the family way to be pregnant xHkoZ rh gksuk

Have at fingers’ tips recall of factual information at once, eaily
accessed maxfy;ks ij gksuk with internet facility, we have everything at

our fingers’ tips.
Burn one’s fingers incur loss uqdlku mBkuk All investors burnt their

fingers when share market crashed. If you don’t have experience in

510

this field, you will burn your fingers.

Blow one’s own trumpet praise one’s own ability and
achievements viuh rkjhQ Lo;a djuk He really got through hardships, so

he has every right to blow his own trumpet.

Talking through hat to boast one’s achievements, to talk nonsense
cdokl djuk] Mhaxsa ekjuk If you ask him about his success, he will talk

through the hat.
Go through fire and water undergo any risk dbZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk
djuk I feel like I had to go through fire and water to get here as all

my flights were either delayed or cancelled.
Have something up one’s sleeve dqN ;qfDr ;k nkao cpkdj j[kuk the team

coach always has a few tricks up his sleeve.
Get the sack to be fired from a job or task ukSdjh ls fudkyk tkuk The

new manager is so rude˗ it is time he got the sack.
Rise like a phoenix from ashes to become successful again ukdkeh ds
ckn fQj lQy gksuk He suffered many setbacks, however, he rose like a

phoenix from the ashes.

Laying off to end someone’s employment because there is not
enough work for them dke dh deh ds dkj.k ukSdjh ls fudkyuk
Sharp practice dishonest means csbZekuh dk O;ogkj
Shake in shoes tremble with fear Hk; ls dkaiuk

Take with grain of salts to listen to somebody with doubt
Lay out to spend [kpZ djuk

Green eyed-monster used as a way of talking about jealousy
Good Samaritan a charitable or helpful person vPNk usd vkneh] nkuh
Bad blood angry feeling eueqVko There is a bad blood between them.
Spilling the bean revealing the information indiscreetly lp mxy nsuk
Go to the whole hog to do something completely ijw h rjg ls vatke nus k
They went for the party the whole hog, and hired a band as well.
Gone with the wind to be disappeared forever ges”kk ds fy, xk;c gks
tkuk Everything we worked for them has gone with wind.
A sore point something which hurts nq[krh jx
Keep under wraps to keep something secret xqIr j[kuk Keep your
plans under wrap for the time being.
Die in harness to die at one’s work dke djrs&djrs ejuk
Cut no ice to have no influence, csvlj gksuk I don’t care who you are, it

cuts no ice with me.

Dropping names to mention the names of famous people in order to
impress others yksxkas dks çHkkfor djus ds fy, cMs+ yksxksa dk ft+Ø djuk
Struck a chill to the heart to arouse a feeling of fear or to make
somebody afraid. fny eas Mj iSnk djuk Her words struck a chill into me.
Give the devil his due to appreciate even the rival for their good job
cjq s O;fDr dh Hkh vPNkbZ dh ljkguk djuk I don’t like him, but give the devil
his due- he is an honest person.
Hobson’ choice no real choice at all ,d gh jkLrk ;k fodYi
Let the cat out of the bag to utter or reveal a secret carelessly or by

511

Mistake mxy nsuk I will not let the cat out of the bag until all the
relevant documents are duly signed.
Run across to meet by chance Vdjkuk] vpkud fey tkuk I ran across
one of my old friends in the market yesterday.
Steer clear of to avoid, cpuk I warned her to steer clear of trouble.
Have too many irons in the fire to get engaged in too many activities
at the same time ,d lkFk dbZ dk;Z ys yus k
Fight to the end to fight till last moment var rd yM+uk
Put one’s foot down to take a firm stand dMk+ :[k viukuk We just
cann’t let him do what he wants, we will have to put our foot down.
Throw down a glove to accept a defeat ijkt; Lohdkj djuk
Make clean breast to confess one’s misdeeds or wrongdoings
vijk/k Lohdkj djuk I felt so guilty about what I said to him in anger
that I had to make a clean breast of it later on.
Play to the gallery to behave in an exaggerated way to attract
people’s attention yksdfÁ;rk gkfly djus ds fy, vkMEcjiw.kZ gjdr djuk
Sit on the fence hesitating which side to take rVLFk jguk
Cross swords disagree, cgl djuk The two parties cross swords over
the issue of child labour in the parliament.
On the brink of to be on the verge of ds dxkj ij we were on the brink
of losing our patience.
Wear heart on sleeve to express feelings openly [kqydj ckr djuk
On good terms good relation with someone vPNs laca/k gksuk
Steal the show win every praise n”kZdkas dk fny thruk
Sit in judgment to pass comments specially, when you have no
authority fu.kZ; ;k QlS yk nus k
Doctor the accounts manipulate the accounts gjs kQsjh djuk
Carrot and stick reward and punishment policy lke nke nMa Hksn
Have something up one’s sleeve to have secret plan xqIr ;kstuk j[kuk
Look down one’ nose to regard with contempt ukdHkkaS fldksM+uk
Miss the bus miss opportunity volj pwduk
Spade a spade in a straight forward way lkQ&lkQ dg nsuk
By fair or foul by hook or crook, tk;t+ ;k uktk;t+ rjhsds ls
Talk a mile a minute, to speak in a very quick and hurried manner
tYnh&tYnh ckr djuk
Cross the bridge when one comes to it, not to ponder over situation
until it really happens
Barking up the wrong tree to completely misunderstand anything
xyrQ+geh eas gksuk You are barking up the wrong tree, he is not the
guilty.
Drive someone up the wall, to infuriate someone ikxy ;k Øksf/kr gks tkuk
The question is driving me up the wall, I cannot find the right answer.
That loud music is driving me up the wall.
Left handed / backhanded compliment, an insult in the guise of a
praise. mYVh Á”kla k It was a left handed compliment when he said that I
was a great man.
An old head on young shoulders de mez eas cgrq cqf}eku yM+dk
Bang one’s head against the brick wall nhokj eas lj ekjuk

512

Head in the clouds [;kyh iqyko idkuk
As mad as a hatter ikxy gksuk His boss became as mad as hatter when
he reached the office late.
At snail’s pace cgrq /kheh xfr ls] dNq, dh pky ls The train is moving at
a snail’s pace.
Keep your head to remain calm in difficult situation fnekx “kakr j[kuk
Close the book to put an end to further consideration lekIr dj nsuk
Pull strings to use personal influence ÁHkko ;k vlj Mkyuk
Run in the same groove lEcU/kksa dks m+Ùke Hkkouk ls cjdjkj j[kuk
Send packing to terminate or dismiss or send someone away rudely,
fudky nsuk I was just five minutes late, but my boss sent me packing.
Stick to guns to hold onto original decisions vMs+ jguk
Sleep off get rid of by sleeping lksdj njw djuk I slept off my hangover.
A lot of water has flown under bridge something that happened in
the past and no longer important rc ls cgrq dqN cny pqdk gSA
To be honest lp rks ;s gS, to be honest, the meal was terrible.
Wide of the mark irrelevant vuqi;qDr The opinion polls are wide of
the mark. What you tell me is quite wide of the mark.
Toe the line follow boss order, gqDe ctk ykuk] yhd ij pyuk If you don’t
toe the line, the boss will fire you.
Take hat off lEeku djuk I take my hat off to him, you did a great job.
Sweep under the carpet keep hidden xqIr j[kuk By sweeping under
the carpet the problem will not go away.
Let the grass grow under the feet to delay in getting something
Done fdlh dk;Z eas foyEc djuk
Jumping down one’s throat o react very angrily “kCnkas ds rhj pykuk
Take a leap in the dark to take risk tksf[ke mBkuk] va/kjs s eas Nykax yxkuk
A cakewalk an easy achievement vlku pht+
Not fit to hold candle not so good as somebody eqdkcys esa u Bgjuk] ikoa
dh /kwy gksuk He is genius all right, but he doesn’t hold a candle to Ravi.
Be scapegoat a person who is punished for the fault of others cfy dk
cdjk The employee was made scapegoat for the fault of the manager.
Be an old old-fashioned f/klk&fiVk The shopkeeper is an old hat and
will not give you a single penny of discount.
Up in arms to be angry fojks/k djuk the employees were up in arms
over the news that the management was going for retrenchment.
It takes all sorts to make the world nwfu;ka eas gj rjg ds yksx gksrs gSaA
Make a beeline to go straight to something or someone, fdlh rjQ
tYnh ls py nus k Everyday when I come back from work, my toddler
makes a beeline for me˗ It is the cutest thing.
Till the cows come home ftruk pkgks mruk
Sweeping statement general statement,O;kid C;ku it is too early to

make a sweeping statement about the new therapy.
All at sea puzzled, perplexed fdadrOZ ;foe<w +

Play havoc cause destruction, to make situation much more difficult
or confusing dgj cjik djuk The heavy rain played havoc with normal

life. Virat is playing havoc.

513

Touch and go uncertain, vfuf”pr used when the result of a situation

is uncertain and something bad or unpleasant is likely to happen
Pay through the nose pay extra high price Hkkjh dher pqdkuk
Give the game away give out the secret jkt+ mtkxj dj nsuk
Get the wind ekeys dh Hkud yxuk Make sure he doesn’t get wind of the

matter.
Cheek by jowl in close proximity ?kqyfeydj Here the houses are

jumbled together cheek by jowl.
On the cuff on credit, dtZ+ ds :i es aI asked the shopkeeper to put it on

the cuff until I get the salary.
Green thumb to have natural interest for trees and plants ckxckuh esa
dq”ky I have green thumb, I plant more and more trees.
Fall foul of get into trouble with someone or something, paxqy esa Qla uk

He fell foul of the law, even without touching drugs.
Give enough rope enough freedom for action [kqyh NwV nus k
Going places successful cgqr rjDDh djuk one day our idea of
providing door to door services will go places.
At the drop of a hat instantly rRdky] rjq Ur
Cat-nap short sleep, while returning I had a cat-nap on the way.
Pull a long face looked sad eqag yVdkuk
Fit like a glove fit perfectly nLrkus dh rjg fQV cSBuk
A moot point fooknkLin eqnn~ k This issue has become a moot point.
Look for a needle in haystack do something impossible ?kkl ds <+sj esa

<w+<+uk It’s like finding a needle in a haystack.

:

1. A bone of contention 14. A bed of roses
2. A red letter day 15. A white elephant
3. A lame excuse 16. A black sheep
4. As far as 17. Beat about the bush
5. A narrow escape 18. At large
6. Bury the hatchet 19. Bring to book
7. Cut and dried 20. Hue and cry
8. To and fro 21. To build castles in the air
9. Play fast and lose 22. Gift of the gab
10. A lion’s share 23. All in all
11. Ins and outs 24. A black sheep
12. A man of letters 25. Fair and square
13. By and large 26. By leaps and bounds

: 514

1. Hold good 11. Get rid of
2. Gird up the loins 12. Go by the book
3. Play foul 13. Pros and cons
4. Read between the lines 14. Make both ends meet
5. Nip in the bud 15. Null and void
6. From hand to mouth 16. For good
7. Of late 17. Off and on
8. Over and above 18. Pocket an insult
9. Hard nut to crack 19. Herculean task
10. Once in a blue moon 20. Take the bull by the horn

1. To be all Greek (b) easy to handle
(d) difficult to understand
(a) Greek language
(c) to have several meanings

2. Green thumb (b) to be aware of
(a) to be angry (d) cunning fellow
(c) liking for plants

3. Head in the clouds (b) misguiding thing
(a) to daydream (d) to be hopeful
(c) very happy

4. Left handed compliment

(a) direct praise (b) to praise

(b) insulting remark appearing as praise

(c) to demoralize

5. At snail’s pace

(a) to be very fast (b) to move slowly

(c) to do something irregularly (d) to initiate any project

6. Be an old hat (b) old fashioned
(d) fickle minded
(a) to be outdated
(c) reliable person

7. To drive up the wall (b) to irritate someone
(d) to frighten someone
(a) to help someone
(c) to keep at a distance

8. He talks a mile a minute (b) too fast
(a) in a complicated way (d) talks too much
(c) all unrealistic things

515

¼vusd “kCnksa ds fy, ,d “kCn½

tc “kCnksa ds lewg (group of words) ds vFkZ dks izdV djus ds fy, *,d “kCn^ dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rks bls one word substitution dgrs gSaA
One word substitution means a single word for a number of words,
expressions, clauses or phrases.

A decorative ring of flowers. Wreath ekyk
A group of people meeting for some secret purpose or political
intrigue. Junta “kkld xqV
A person who is not easily pleased by anyone. Fastidious u[kjsckt+
A person who easily believes travels in space. Astronaut vUrfj{k ;k=h

A person who writes about others’ life. Biographer thouh ys[kd
To free someone from all blame. Exonerate nks’keqDr dj nus k
A battle or match in which neither party wins. Drawn vfu.khZr
A body of persons appointed to hear evidence. Jury iapk;r
A book containing information on all subjects. Encyclopedia fo”odks’k
A book of accounts showing debit and credit. Ledger cgh[kkrk
A book or work of Art whose writer is not known. Anonymous xqeuke
A building where animals are killed for meat. Abattoir cwpM+[kkuk
A person who readily believes others. Credulous lgt fo”oklh
A case in which sword is kept. Sheath E;ku
A child born after the death of its father. Posthumous firk dh eR` ;q ds
ckn iSnk gqvk cPpk
A child whose parents are dead. Orphan vukFk
A collection of dried plants. Herbarium oufLifr laxzgky;
A collection of flowers. Bouquet xqynLrk] iq’i xqPN
A collection of poems, writings or pictures. Album laxzg iqLrd
A den for small animals. Hutch landw ] fiatjk
A diplomatic representative of one country in another. Ambassador jktnrw
A disease that affects a large number of people in an area. Epidemic egkekjh
A disease that spreads by direct contact. Contagious laØked jksx

A doctor who specializes in disease of the nose. Rhinologist ukd dk MkWDVj

A doctrine which regards the universe as a manifestation of God.
Pantheism losZ”ojokn

A dug that induces sleep. Sedative “kked vkS’kf/k
A factory for manufacturing beer. Brewery en;~ fuekZ.k”kkyk
A flesh-eating animal. Carnivore ekla kgkjh tUrq
A formal assembly of people of the same business to discuss
practices. Convention lEesyu] btykl
A former student of a college or university. Alumnus Hkwriow Z Nk=

516

A four footed animal . Quadruped pkSik;k
A person who doesn’t show any emotion or reaction. Impassive Hkkouk “kwU;
A garden where fruits are grown. Orchard cxhpk
A glass container for keeping fish. Aquarium eNyh ?kj
A government by a dictator. Autocracy rkuk”kkgh] ,dra=
A group of three powerful people. Triumvirate frdM+h
A home for lunatics. Lunatic Asylum Ikkxy[kkuk
A husband ruled by a wife. Henpecked tks: dk xqyke

The belief that your country is better than others.Chauvinism
va/kjk’VªHkfDr

A lady who remains unmarried. Spinster vfookfgr
A lady’s purse. Reticule efgykvkas dk cVqvk
A large group of insects moving in a mass. swarm >aqM
A large number of fish swimming together. Shoal eNfy;ksa dk >aqM
A large sleeping room with several beds. Dormitory lksus dk dejk
A liquid for drinking. Beverage is; inkFkZ
A list of books or other articles. Catalogue fooj.k&iqfLrdk
A long journey specially by sea. Voyage lenq zh ;k=k
A lover of mankind. Philanthropist ekuo iszeh

A man who does things for pleasure not for profession. Amateur “kkSfd;k

A man who knows a lot about food, music and art etc. Connoisseur ekfgj

A man who takes hotel guests to their rooms and carries luggage.
Bellhop lkekuokgh ukSdj

A selfish person who always thinks of himself. Egoist vgaoknh
A man whose wife is dead. Widower fo/kjq
A medicine that kills germs. Germicide thok.kquk”kd
A medicine, which counteracts the effects of poison. Antidote t+gj ekndk

A medicines which prevents germs by killing them. AntisepticlM+u jksdus okyh

A method or person that never fails. Infallible vpwd
Amount of money demanded by kidnappers. Ransom fQjkSrh
A notice of a person’s death . Obituary fu/ku lwpuk
A number of people listening to a lecture. Audience Jkrs k] lquus okys
A number of sailors working on a ship. Crew dehZ ny
A Number of ships. Fleet csM+k
A period of 1000 years. Millennium lgL=kCnh
A person appointed by the two parties to solve any matter.Arbitrator e/;LFk
A person who rescues somebody from sin. Saviour eqfDrnkrk

A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen. Alien fons”kh ukxfjd

A person who believes in the existence of God. Theist vkfLrd
A person who doesn’t believe in the existence of God. Atheist ukfLrd

A person who leaves his own country and settles in another. Immigrant
vioz klh]

517

A person who compiles a dictionary. Lexicographer “kCndks’k ys[kd
A person who eats everything. Omnivorous lokZgkjh
A Person who eats meat. Non-vegetarian ekalkgkjh
A Person who eats vegetable. Vegetarian “kkdkgkjh
A person who enjoys the company of others. Extrovert cfgeZq[kh

A person who entirely opposes somebody. Antagonist Áfri{kh
A person with long experience. Veteran vuqHkoh
A person who hates women. Misogynist ukjh ls ?k`.kk djus okyk O;fDr
A person who helps another to commit a crime. Accomplice lg&vijk/kh
A person who is living in an unmarried state. celibacy czgep;Z
A person who is part of any conversation. Interlocutor okrkZdkj
A person who lends money at a very high rate of interest. usurer. lwn[kksj
A person who looks at the bright side of things.Optimist vk”kkoknh
A person who looks at the dark side of things.Pessimist fujk”kkoknh
A person who opposes war or military forces. Pacifist “kkafroknh
A person who pretends to be what he is not. Hypocrite <ksaxh] ik[kaMh
A person who regards whole world as his Country. Cosmopolitan fo”oçseh
A woman who runs beauty parlour. Beautician Álkf/kdk

A person who uses violence to achieve political purpose. Terrorist vkradoknh
A person who works under an expert to learn specific skills. Apprentice izf”k{kq
A place for burial of dead bodies. Cemetery /graveyard dfczLrku
A place for cremation of dead bodies. Crematorium “~e”kku
A place for gambling table. Casino tqvk?kj
A place for improving one’s health. Resort lSjxkg] vkJ;
An enclosure for breeding nursing and keeping of birds. Aviary i{kh”kkyk
A place of shelter for ships. Harbour canjxkg
A place where ancient things are kept. Museum laxzgky;
A place where animals are killed. Slaughterhouse cwpM+[kkuk
A place where bees are kept. Apiary e/kqeD[kh”kkyk
A place where dead bodies are kept before post-mortem. Mortuary eqnkZ?kj
A place where one lives permanently. Domicile fuokl LFkku
A place where orphans are housed. Orphanage vukFkky;
A place where soldiers live. Barracks lsukokl
A place where weapons are manufactured and stored. Arsenal “kL=kxkj]
A planned route or journey details of travel. Itinerary ;k=k dk;Zdze

A process of submitting a proposal to a popular vote. Referendum
tuer laxzg

A public show of goods. Exhibition uqekb”k
A religious war. Crusade /keZ;qö] ftgkn
A remedy for all kinds of diseases. Panacea jke&ck.k] vpwd
A room or building used for scientific experiments. Laboratory iz;ksx”kkyk

518

A room where medicines are prepared and provided. Dispensary vkS’k/kky;
A school for training in the special arts. Academy fo|kihB

A scientific study of crimes and criminals. Criminology vijk/k&foKku
A sea voyage for pleasure. Cruise lenq hz i;ZVu
A shady fertile place in desert. Oasis u[kfyLrku

A short performance given by an actor, musician or dancer to show
ability. Audition vkWfM”ku] Loj ijh{k.k
A skilled worker in charge of other workers. Foreman vf/kdehZ

A small shop that sells fashionable clothes, cosmetics, etc. Boutique oL=ky;
A speech delivered for the first time. Maiden çFke] vfookfgr L=h
A stretch of sand or stones along the edge of the sea or lake. Beach lenq z rV

A tall strong muscular woman from a group of female warriors.
Amazon cgknqj efgyk

A test in which cells from diseased organ are removed and tested. Biopsy
A thing that is kept in memory of an event. Souvenir fu”kkuh

A very private room specially religious one. Sanctum, sanctorum
A woman whose husband is dead. Widow fo/kok
A written declaration made on oath. Affidavit C;ku&gYQh] “kiFk&i=

A written statement of beliefs, aims and policies of any organization,
especially a political party. Manifesto ?kks’k.kki=] ela wj
Abnormally high blood pressure. Hypertension mPp jDrpki
Act of examination of self-thoughts and feelings. Introspection vkErfujh{k.k
Acting of one’s own free will. Voluntary LosfPNd] voSrfud
An agreement to stop fighting. Ceasefire ;q)fojke
An animal living on both land and water. Amphibian mHk;pj

An apparatus which records the flight data and voice of an aeroplane.

Black Box
An artist that draws a comic picture. Caricaturist gkL;tud fp= cukus okyk
An established principle of practical wisdom. Maxim lwfDr
An event causing sudden damage or suffering. catastrophe foifRr
An event that causes great damage or harm. Disaster vkink
An institution for reforming young offenders. Reformatory lq/kkj x`g

An instrument for listening to the activities of heart and lungs.
Stethoscope ifjJkod

An state of being unmarried. Bachelor doaq kjk vkneh
Animals which live in water. Aquatic tyh;
Animals which give milk. Mammals Lru/kkjh
Any kind of grain related to food. Cereal vukt
Anything derived from heterogeneous source. Hybrid ladj
Area of land almost surrounded by sea. Peninsula çk;+}hi
Art of carving figure in wood or stone. Sculptor ewfrZdyk

519

Art of making map. Cartography uD”kkuohlh
An Artificial lake for storing water. Reservoir/Dam tyk”k;

Belief that all people are equal and have same rights. Egalitarian lekurkoknh
Constant effort to achieve anything. Perseverance yxu] n`<r+ k
Capable of catching fire easily. Inflammable Toyu”khy
Child or person with unusual talent. Prodigy foy{k.k xq.k okyk O;fDr
Class of people who think independently. Intelligentsia Ácq) yksx
Clever at expressing ideas. Articulate Li’V] O;Dr
Clever at many different things. Versatile cgqe[q kh
Code of diplomatic etiquette and precedence. Protocol f”k’Vkpkj
Complete failure. Fiasco vlQyrk
Course of study in a school or college. Curriculum ikB;~ Øe
Custodian of a museum. Curator laxzgky; dk laj{kd
Customs of having two wives or husbands. Bigamy f+}fookg dh çFkk
Difficult to sense. Imperceptible vxkspj] u ekyew iM+us ;ksX;
Drug causing unconsciousness. Anesthetics csgks”k djus okyh nok

Economic structure organized and controlled by capitalist.
Capitalism iawthokn

Eggs lying animals that creep or crawl. Reptile jsaxus okys tUrq
Engaged in war or fight. Belligerent ;q}jr
Exclusive possession or control of anything. Monopoly ,dkf/kdkj
Existing forever without any beginning or end. Eternal lukru] “kkLor
Fake or mistaken belief. Fallacy Hkze
Fear of oneself. Autophobia vdsys gksus ;k jgus dk Mj
Fear of books. Biblophobia fdrkcksa ls Mj
Fear of crowd. Agoraphobia HkhM+ ;k [kqyh txg dk Mj
Fear of stranger. Xenophobia vtuch ls Mj] fons”kh yksxkas dks ukilan djuk
Fear of water Hydrophobia ikuh ls Mj
Fear of confined spaces. Claustrophobia can LFkku dk Mj
An extreme fear of drowning. Aquaphobia ikuh ns[kdj Mj yxuk
Feeling inside us that tells right and wrong. Conscience t+ehj] vUr%dj.k
Fond of entertaining guests. Hospitable vfrfFk lR;dkj
For a particular purpose. Ad hoc rnFkZ] fo”ks’k
Gathering of worshipers. Congregation ,d=hdj.k ]HkDrx.k
General pardon of the offenders. Amnesty loZ{kek] vke ekQh
Going out or away of many people. Exodus iyk;u
A ruler who achieves his position through heredity. Monarch lekz V
Government by a maonarch. Monarchy jktrU=] lkekz T;
Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong. Infallible vpwd
Government by elected representatives. Democracy çtkra=] tegwfj;r
Government by the law of religion. Theocracy /keZ ra=

520

Government by the nobles. Aristocracy f”’Vtu] vfHktkr oxZ
Government by the officials. Bureaucracy ukSdj”kkgh
Government by the rich. Plutocracy /kfudr=a
Great destruction and loss of many lives. Holocaust çy;] D+;ker
Hand-written matter. Manuscript gLrfyfi
Hater of mankind. Misanthropist eu’q ;nkz sgh] yksd “k=q
Hater of marriage. Misogamist fookg ls ?k`.kk djus okyk
Hundredth anniversary. Centenary “krkCnh
Immediate apprehension by mind or reasoning. Intuition lgt cks/k
Inability to sleep. Insomnia vfunzk
Incapable of being avoided. Unavoidable. vfuok;Z] t+:jh

Incapable of being with that cannot be done without. Indispensable
vifjgk;Z] vfuok;Z

Incapable of being understood. Unintelligible. vLi’V
Influential newspaper and journalist. Fourth estate pkSFkk LrEHk] i=dkj oxZ
Instrument for viewing objects at a distance. Telescope nwjchu
Insulting remark. Jibe migkl] rkuk
Involving immoral actions and motives. Sordid f?kukSuk
Killing of a child. Infanticide cky&gR;k
Killing of a king. Regicide jkt&gR;k
Killing of a large number of people. Massacre/carnage ujlagkj
Killing of a newly born baby. Infanticide cky&gR;k
Killing of a race or community. Genocide ujlagkj
Killing of father. Patricide firk dh gR;k
Killing of mother. Matricide ekr`gR;k
Killing of one’s own self. Suicide vkRegR;k
Killing of one’s sister. Sorocide cgu dh gR;k
Leading a life of self-discipline. Ascetic riLoh

List of books and writings of one author about one subject.
Bibliography xzUFklwph

Medical examination of a dead body. Post-Mortem “ko ijh{kk
Military forces and their equipment. Armament “kL=+
Neither intelligent nor dull. Mediocre vklS r ntsZ dk
Not in harmony with the surroundings. Incongruous csesy
Not limited by any rules. Absolute fujadq”k] iw.kZ
Not showing proper respect. Impertinent xLq rk[k
Old age when a man behaves like a fool. Dotage efr{kh.krk
Old and valuable. Antique vuks[kk
An event described in a chain of events. Episode dMh+ ] dFkka”k
A person who sacrifices his life for a noble cause. Martyr “kghn

521

One who exhibits tricks with the skills of hands or eyes.Juggler
ckt+hxj

One who is indifferent to pain and pleasure. Stoic ojS kxh] lk/kq
One who is sympathetic to humankind. Humanitarian ekuorkoknh
One who bears the same name as another. Namesake geuke

One who becomes dependent on something especially drugs. Addict
O;luh

One who always believes in fate. Fatalist HkkX;oknh

One who believes neither the existence nor the nonexistence of God.
Agnostic vuh”ojoknh

One who designs buildings. Architect okLrqdkj
One who does not express himself freely. Introvert vareZq[kh
One who draws map. Cartographer uD”kkuohl
One who enters without permission. Intruder vuqfpr :i ls ?kqlus okyk
One who flies aeroplane. Pilot foeku pkyd

One who gives financial help to a school or organization. Benefactor
nkuh] midkjh

One who makes journey to a holy place. Pilgrim rhFkZ;k=h
One who has all power. Omnipotent loZ”kfDeku
One who has an irresistible urge to steal. Kleptomania pksjh djus dh

chekjh
One who imitates the voice and gestures of others. Mimic cgq:fi;k
One who is always ready to take risk. Daredevil nqLlkglh] cs/kM+d] fuMj
One who is doubtful. Skeptic langs oknh] “kDdh
One who is easily deceived. Gullible Hkksyk&Hkkyk
One who is employed to drive a private or hired car. Chauffeur/ ”kksQj
One who is expert in public speaking. Orator oDrk

One who is filled with excessive and mistaken enthusiasm. Fanatic
dV~Vj

One who is filled with narrow or prejudiced opinion. Bigot /kekZU/k] dV~Vj
One who is fond of reading and studying. Bookworm fdrkch dhMk+
One who is incapable of being tired. Indefatigable vFkd
One who is more than hundred years old. Centenarian lkS o’kZ dk
One who is not sure of the existence of God. Agnostic vKs;okn dk
One who is out to destroy all government. Anarchist vjktd
One who makes journey from place to place. Itinerant Hkze.kdkjh
One who knows many languages. Linguist dbZ Hkk’kkvkas dk tkudkj
One who leaves class without permission. Truant vuqifLFkr jgus okyk

One who leaves his country and settles in another country. Emigrant vkçoklh
One who lives alone and avoids others. Recluse oSjkxh
one who lives and works for the well-being of others. Altruist Ikjksidkjh
One who lives at the same time. Contemporary ledkyhu

522

One who lives on another. Parasite ijthoh
One who has great love for his country. Patriot ns”kHkfDr

One who makes a special study of animals and plants. Naturalist Ád`froknh

One who makes an official statement of accounts. Auditor ys[kk ijh{kd
One who runs away from justice and law. Fugitive HkxksM+k
One who offers his services free of cost. Volunteer Lo;la sod
One who often talks about his achievement. Egotist vgaoknh

One who pays too much attention to clothes and appearance. Dandy
jxhu fetkt+

The act of not having or doing the things you like.self denial vkRe R;kx
One who pretends to be somebody else. Imposter <k+ asxh
One who sells flowers. Florist iq’Ik foØsrk
One who sells vegetables. Green grocer lCth+ foØsrk
One who sneers at aim and belief of his fellow men. Cynic fuand
One who speaks on behalf of others. Spokesperson ioz Drk
One who studies stars. Astronomer [kxksy“kkL=h
One who studies the science of animal and plants. Biologist tho foKkuh
One who supervises in exam hall. Invigilator fujh{kd
One who takes care of a building. Warden Áca/kd
One who travels from place to place. Tramp/vagabond vkokjk
Habit of walking in sleep. Somnambulism uhan eas pyuk

One who witnesses secretly to private conversation. Eaves -dropper
tkllw h djus okyk

One who works for the welfare of the women. Feminist Ukkjh fgrS’kh
One who works only for the sake of money. Mercenary fdjk;s dk VV~Vw
Opposed to the sudden or great change. Conservative :f<+oknh
Organization with grades of authority. Hierarchy inkuqØe
Partial or total loss of Memory. Amnesia ;knnkLr dh deh
People against the use of images or idols. Iconoclast erw hZ Hkatd

People working together in the same office or department. Colleague
lgdehZ

Perfectly neat and clean or tidy. Immaculate lkQ&lqFkjk

Person who praises the rich people too much.Sycophant pkiywl] pkVwdkj
Person signing jointly with others. Cosignatory lg&gLrk{kj drkZ
Unable to move or walk properly. Cripple jasxuk
A person who can perform unusual physical tricks. Acrobat dykckt+
Legal end of a marriage. divorce rykd
One who is divorced. Divorcee rykd”kqnk
A person who is skilled in horse-riding. Cavalier ?kqM+lokj
Persuasion by flattery. Cajole [kq”kken ilanh
Pertaining to money. Monetary /ku laEca/kh
Pertaining to period prior to recorded history. Prehistoric ÁkxSfrgkfld

523

Plant eating animals. Herbivore “kkdkgkjh

Policy of extending a country’s empire and influence.Imperialism
lkezkT;okn

Practice of talking much about oneself. Egotism vgaokn] vkReppZk
Process too much official formality. Red-tapism ykyQhrk“kkgh
Property inherited from one’s father. Patrimony iSr`d laifRr] fojklr
Public merry making and feasting. Carnival vkuanksRlo
Reduction of the weapons by the government. Disarmament fu”kL=hdj.k

Release of a prisoner from jail on certain conditions. Parole ekSf[kd izrhKk
Represent by drawing or painting. Portray fp=dyk
Purchase of goods from a foreign country. Import vk;kr
Sale of goods to a foreign country. Export fu;krZ
Scarcity of rain or water. Drought lw[kk
Science of ancient people, society or culture. Anthropology ekuo”kkL=
Science of physical structure of body. Anatomy “kjhj foKku
Science of the influence of the stars on human affairs. Astrology T;ksfr’kfo|k

Science of universe with sun, moon, stars and planets.Astronomy
[kxksy&foKku

Seeing something which is not actually present. Hallucination Hkze

Separation from other people for fear of infection. Quarantine laxjks/kd
Skilled man who practices a craft. Craftsman f”kYidkj
Soldiers marching or fighting on foot. Infantry iSny lsuk
Something which can be seen through. Transparent ikjn”kÊ
Something which cannot be seen through. Opaque vikjn”kÊ
Something hidden or impossible to understand. Mysterious jgL;e;
Something that can’t be recovered. Irrevocable fLFkj] lnk ,dlk
Something that can’t be understood. Intelligible lqxe] lqcks/k
Something that is sure to happen. Inevitable. vifjgk;Z] vo”;EHkkoh
That which is out of use. Obsolete vizpfyr
Song in praise of God. Hymn Hktu
Special words or expressions used by a profession. Jargon [kkl cksyh
Specialist in emotional or mental disturbance. Psychiatrist euksjksx

fo”ks’kK
Splitting of nucleus of an atom bomb. Fission fo[kaMu
Stealing from the writing of others. Plagiarism lkfgfR;d pksjh
Stroke of good luck. Fluke rqDdk
Strong desire to return home. Nostalgia ?kj dh ;kn] fo’kkn
Study of human body. Physiology “kjhj foKku
Study of Animals. Zoology tUrq foKku
Study of bacteria. Bacteriology thok.kq foKku
Study of birds. Ornithology i{kh foKku
Study of earth. Geology HkwxHkZ”kkL=

524

Study of illness. Symptomatology y{k.k foKku
Study of insects. Entomology dhV foKku
Study of mountains. Orology iorZ foKku
Study of population. Demography tula[;k v/;u
Study of sounds. Phonetics Loj&foKku
Study of teaching. Pedagogy f”k{kk “kkL=

Study of the interaction of people with their environment. Ecology
ifjfLFkfr foKku

Study of universe. Cosmology czãk.M foKku
Study of urinary system. Urology e=q foKku
Study of women’s diseases. Gynaecology L=h&jksx

Substance designed to make the skin or hair more beautiful.
Cosmetics lkSUn;Z ilz k/ku
Succession of rulers belonging to one family. Dynasty oa”k
Talks that bring bad reputation to somebody. Scandal dyad] cnukeh
Tendencies to escape from hard realities. Escapism iyk;uokn
That can be carried by hand. Portable oguh;] ys tkus ;ksX;
That cannot be removed. Indelible vfeV
That cannot be satisfied. Insatiable yksHkh] ykyph
Icapable of being defeated.Invincible vts;
That which cannot be corrected. Incorrigible ftls lgh u fd;k tk lds
That cannot be heard. Inaudible ftls lquk u tk lds
That which cannot be reached. Inaccessible nqxZe] ig¡qp ls ckgj
That cannot be repaired. Irreparable viwj.kh;
That is contrary to law. Illegal voS/k] xjS dkuwuh
That which can be drunk. Potable ihus ;ksX;
That which happens once in a year. Annual okf’kZd

The act of bringing or sending goods secretely or illegaly into or out

of a country. Smuggling rLdjh
To refuse to give an official permission to an action or plan. Veto jksd
A disease that can be easily passed on to another person. Infectious laØked
The act of spying. Espionage tklwlh
The act of delaying. Procrastination Vky&eVksy
The art of effective speaking. Elocution/articulation okfXerk
The art of flight. Aeronautics oSekfudh
The art of making up or arranging dances. Choreography u`R;dyk
The dead body of an animal. Carcass “ko] yk”k
The government wing responsible for making rules. Legislative fo/kk;h
The letter of a written language in a certain order. Alphabet o.kZekyk
The life history of a person written by himself. AutobiographyvkRedFkk
The life history of a person written by someone else. Biography thouh

525

The loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious. Analgesia ihMk+ ”kwU;rk
The point -where the earth and sky seem to meet. Horizon f{kfrt

The practice of having more than one husband at a time. polyandry cgqifr çFkk
The production of raw silk. Sericulture js”ke m|ksx
The right of self-government. Autonomy LojkT;
The right to put ‘Sir’ in front of one’s name.Knighthood“kwjohj dh inoh
The science which deals with life. Biology tho&foKku
The science which deals with plants life. Botany ouLifr&foKku
The study of the causes of disease. Etiology jksx ds dkj.kksa dk v/;;u
A person or thing taking the place of another. Substitute fodYi]
LFkkukiUu
Things of different nature. Heterogeneous fotkrh;
Things of same kind and dimensions. Homogeneous ltkrh;
To give up the throne. Abdicate jkt] in ;k lRrk R;kxuk
To make a copy of the real in order to deceive. Counterfeit Tkkylkt+h
To move along with quick or short twistling actions. Wriggle NViVkgV
Turning point of a danger or disease. Crisis ladV dky

Views that education and other matters should be divorced from
religion. Secularism /keZ fujis{krk
What is got from ancestors. Heritage fojklr
Who can neither read nor write. Illiterate vui<+] fuj{kj
Who is present everywhere. Omnipresent loZO;kih
Who knows everything. Omniscient loZK
A person widely known for evil deeds. Notorious dq[;kr

A person who brings about the beginning of an era. Epoch maker
;qxkUrdkjh] ;qx çorZd

Widespread scarcity of food. Famine vdky

Woman in charge of nursing and domestic arrangement in a hospital.
Matron eq[; ulZ] eq[; ifjpkfjdk
Words inscribed on graves. Epitaph dcz ij vafdr “kCn] lekf/k ys[k
Woven fabric richly ornamented with designs. Brocade csy cwVsnkj oLrq
Yearly celebration of a date or event. Anniversary lkyfxjg] o’kZxkaB
Money to be paid by law to the former wife. Alimony fuokZg fuf/k
A state, society or group ruled by old people. Gerontocracy o`} ra=
Related to air. Aerial gokbZ

Strong dislike against English or England.Anglophobia vaxstz +h ;k vaxszt+ ls Mj
Study of epidemic diseases. Epidemiology egkekjh foKku

The scientific study of historic or prehistoric people through
inscriptions, monuments, etc. Archaeology iqjkrRo foKku
Doctor of ear, nose and throat. Otologist dku dk MkWDVj
Study of the history of language. Philology Hkk’kk”kkL=

526

One who pretends illness to escape duty. Malinger jksx dk cgkuk djuk
Office without work but high pay. Sinecure ,slh ukSdjh ftleas dke u
djuk iMs+
A person employed to look after the passengers on a ship. Steward çca/kd

The technique of communicating by signs used by deaf. Dactylology
ladsr Hkk’kk
A Piece of writing full of praise for a person. Panegyric LrqfrikB
Place fixed for meeting or assembling. Rendezvous lHkk LFky
A stage or platform for public speaking. Rostrum O;k[;ku&epa
Dealing with problems in a practical way.Pragmatic O;kogkfjd

A narrow or busy section of road where traffic often gets slower and

stops. Bottleneck
One who knows and is able to use several languages. Polyglot cgqHkk’kh
Seat of riding on horse’s back. Saddle thu
A man whose wife is sexually unfaithful. Cuckold O;fHkpkjh
A bicycle with seats and pedals for two riders. Tandem nks lhVksa okyh lkbdy
A train of slaves or animals fastened together. Coffle dkfQyk

Study of ancient writing including.Paleography çkphu f”kykys[kksa dk v/;;u
An important religious ceremony. Sacrament lLa dkj

Study of codes or art of writing and solving them.Cryptology dwfVfyfi“kkL=
Study of climate. Climatology tyok;q foKku “kkL=
Study of fish. Ichthyology eRL; foKku
One who is a great lover of books. Bibliophile iLq rd çseh
One who goes on foot. Pedestrian iSny ;k=h
A list of matters to be discussed at a meeting. Agenda dk;Zlwph
A decision taken with the consent of all members. Unanimously ,d er ls
An assembly of listeners. Audience Jkrs kx.k
A person who studies or write about history. Historian bfrgkldkj
A residence for Monks. Monastery eB
The art of producing decorative hand writing. Calligraphy lqy[s k
Fear of getting fat. Obesophobia eksVkis dk Mj

A person who enjoys eating food and often eats too much. Gourmand pVksjk

Related to or living in or among trees. Arboreal o`{k&laca/kh
The action of surgically cutting of a limb. Amputation vax&foPNsn
A building where aircrafts are manufactured and stored. Hangar lk;cku
One who speaks less. Reticent vYiHkk’kh] de cksyus okyk
Cultivation of trees and vegetables. Arboriculture o`{k&foKku

A short amusing story about some real person or event. AnecdoteNksVh dgkuh
Inability to understand or produce speech. Aphasia cksyh can gksuk
An unconventional person involved in arts. Bohemian :f<+eqDr

Injury to the nose, finger or toes caused by extreme cold. frostbite

A poem of fourteen lines. Sonnet

527

A fictitious name assumed by an author. Pseudonym miuke
Call upon God or someone for help or protection. Invocation >kM+&Qawd
Making scandalous claims about someone. Scurrilous feF;k] iekutud
Give and receives mutually. Reciprocate vknku&çnku
Science of law or legal system. Jurisprudence fof/k”kkL=
A special anniversary of an event. Jubilee t;ra h
Feeling of extreme nervousness. Jitter ?kcjkuk

Government by the incompetent citizens. Kakistrocracy dq”kklu] v;ksX; ljdkj

Bombastic style of writing. Euphemism

Of a very short duration of time. Evanescence

A person, thing or circumstances that is puzzling. Enigma
An official ban on trade or other commercial activity. Embargo çfrca/k

A long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a
legendary or historical hero. Epic egkdkO;] ohjxkFkk
A person who starts fire. Incendiary vkx HkM+dkus okyk

One who shoes horses. Farrier

Exemption from punishment or injurious consequences of an action.
Impunity n.M eqfDr
A place of calm and safety. Haven vkJl] LFkku
An instrument for measuring altitude. Altimeter raqxrkekih
Something related to sound. Acoustics /ofu&laca/kh
A group of houses in a village. Hamlet NksVk xkoa
A violent young troublemaker. Hooligan minzoh] xq.Mk
Calm and responsible. Halcyon “kkra

Two wheeled cap for two to ride with driver mounted up behind. Hanson

Cultivation of grapevine. Viticulture vaxjw dh [krs h
Passing from one generation to another. Hereditary oa”kkuqxr] vuqokaf”kd
According to custom. Customary çFkkxr] çpfyr
Bearing young ones by eggs. Oviparous vaMk nsus okys çk.h
A person or thing that is the center of attraction. Cynosure vkd’kZ.k fcUnq
Lack of necessities of life. Destitution vHkko] deh
A women who loves men to destroy them. Circe tknwxjuh
A professional rider in horse racing. Jokey ?kqM+nkSM+ dk lokj
A collection of flags. Bunting ?otiV

A number of stars grouped together. Constellation rkjkeMa y] rkjksa dk lewg
The house of an eskimos. Igloo cQZ dk ?kj

One wh-o loads and unloads ship. Stevedore
A mournful poem or song. Elegy “kksdxhr
A speech by the dramatist at the end of the play. Epilogue milagkj
A hallow space in a wall for a statue. Niche/fup] rk[kk
A roundabout way of expression. Circumlocution diViw.kZ ckrsa

528

Secret and illegal religious meeting. Conventicle xqIr /keZ lHkk
Used in ordinary or informal conversation. Colloquial cksy&pky dk
A period ofhealth recovery after illness. Convalescence vkjksX;ykHk
A person belonging to one’s own country. Compatriot ns”k&HkkbZ
Association of several companies. Consortium la?k

A type of work or a way of life that you believe is specially suitable
for you. Fashion QS”ku
A young swan. Cygnet gla ”kkod] jktgal dk cPPkk
Difficult to understand . Abstruse/Arcane/ abscure nqxZe] vcks/k

A person who kills somebody intentionally for political purpose.
Assassin gR;kjk
To wander from the topic of discussion. Drift edln ls HkVduk
Huge destructive fire. Conflagration Hkh’k.k vkx

A wide street in a town or city lined with trees on either sides.
Boulevard cysokj] eq[; ekxZ
Harsh sound. Cacophony dksykgy] “kkjs

Change from the liquid into solid by chemical reaction. Coagulation tekoV

Having the same source of origin. Cognate ltkfr] HkkbZpkjs dk
Connected with cattle. Bovine dele>] i”koq r

Difference between the two things that should be the same.
Discrepancy folaxfr] varj
To hide or disguise. Dissimulation <k+ sax] Lokax] diV
Hard menial dull uninteresting work. Drudgery dfBu ifjJe
A disease confined to a particular district or place. Endemic LFkkfud
A trace or remnant of something that no longer exists. Vestige “ks’k] fu”kku

Calmness and composure specially in a difficult situation. Equanimity

xEHkhjrk] larqyu

A large group of people or things of a particular kind. Bevy >qaM] Vksyh

Fond of much alcoholic drink. Bibulous

Conclusion or agreement done or reached decisively and with
authority. Definitive fu.kkZ;d] vfUre

529

Give one word for each of the following:

1. Words inscribed on graves.
2. Clever at many different things.
3. One who is all powerful.
4. That which cannot be read.
5. A person widely known for his misdeeds.
6. A remedy for all diseases.
7. A crowd of listeners.
8. That which cannot be corrected.
9. A list of books.
10. Spoken without previous preparation.
11. The first speech delivered by a man.
12. A medicine that kills germs.
13. One who eats vegetables.
14. A man whose wife is dead.
15. Which is no longer in use.
16. A person who looks on the dark side of life.

Choose the correct options:

1. A fall from the sublime to ridiculous
(a) decline (b) downfall
(c) stumble (d) bathos

2. A person of a material outlook
(a) atheist (b) theist
(c) philistine (d) liberal

3. One who destroys works of Art
(a) belligerent (b) sadist
(c) vandal (d) fanatic

4. Not having one obvious meaning
(a) tangible (b) ambiguous
(c) diverting (d) omniscient

5. Indulging in excessive praise
(a) admiration (b) adulteration
(c) admonition(d) adulation

530

¼”kCn&fuekZ.k½

“kCn&fuekZ.k eq[;r% nks Ádkj ls fd;s tkrs gSa%

1. milxZ ¼Prefix½ tksM+dj
2. ÁR;; ¼Suffix½ tksM+dj

milxZ ¼Prefix½% og v{kj lewg (word group) gS tks fdlh “kCn ls igys
tksM+k tkrk gSA tSls%

im + possible = impossible dis + honest = dishonest

un + able = unable be + fool = befool

ÁR;; ¼ Suffix½% og v{kj lewg (word group) gS tks fdlh “kCn ds vUr esa tksMk+

tkrk gSA tlS s%

move + ment = movement law + full = lawful

weak +ness = weakness favour +able = favourable
profit + able = profitable
love + able = lovable

Primary Words: os “kCn ftuds lkFk prefix ;k suffix ugha yxs jgrs gaS mUgsa
primary words ;k root words dgrs gSaA tSls%& love, hate, foot, boy, child,
friend, cruel, mercy bR;kfnA

Compound Words: os “kCn tks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd primary words dks
tksM+dj cuk;s tkrs gSa mUgsa compound words dgrs gSaA tlS s%

bath + room = bathroom news + paper = newspaper

pass + port = passport foot + ball = football

old + man = old man short + hand = shorthand

watch + man = watchman black + board = blackboard

earth + quake = earthquake day + break = daybreak

head + ache = headache heart + attack = heart attack

sight + seeing = sightseeing down + fall = downfall

fare + well = farewell draw + back = drawback

in + come = income out + going = outgoing

out + look = outlook out + come = outcome

tire + some = tiresome over + confidence = overconfidence

Post + man = postman tea + cup = tea-cup

show + room = show-room letter + writing = letter-writing

dining + room = dining-room cold + blooded = cold-blooded

lock + up = lock up table + cloth = tablecloth

sewing + machine = sewing-machine pick + pocket = pick-pocket

reading + room = reading-room booking+window= booking-window

531

“kCn&fuekZ.k (word formation) ds eq[;r% 6 rjhds gkrs s gSa%
1. Verb ls Noun cukuk
2. Noun ls Verb cukuk
3. Adjective ls Verb cukuk
4. Adjective ls Adverb cukuk
5. Adjective ls Noun cukuk
6. Noun ls Adjective cukuk
Verb ls Noun cukuk%
fu;e: verb ls noun cukus ds fy, al, age, ure, ment, con, ssion, sion, ance,
ence bR;kfn suffix dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh dqN “kCnksa dh spelling esa
FkksM+k&cgrq ifjorZu djds Hkh cuk;k tkrk gSA tSls%

Appoint fu;fq Dr djuk appointment fu;fq Dr

Arrive igW¡qpuk arrival igW¡qp] vkxeu

Attract vkdf’kZr djuk attraction vkd’kZ.k] df”k”k

Arrange O;oLFkk djuk arrangement O;oLFkk

Admire iz”kla k djuk admiration iz”kalk

Assure fo”okl fnykuk assurance vk”oklu

Appear mifLFkfr gksuk appearance mifLFkfr

Announce ?kks’k.kk djuk announcement ?kks’k.kk

Admit LOkhdkj djuk admittance Loh—r

Attend mifLFkfr gksuk attendance mifLFkfr] gkft+jh

Choose pquuk choice ilUn

Conclude urhtk fudkyuk conclusion fu’d’kZ] urhtk

Believe fo”okl djuk belief fo”okl

Break rksM+uk breakage VwV&QwV

Connect tksM+uk connection tksM+

Confuse Hkzfer djuk confusion Hkze

Carry <ksdj ys tkuk carriage xkM+h

Convert ifjorZu djuk] cnyuk conversion ifjorZu

Discuss ppkZ djuk discussion ppkZ

Deliver nsuk] Ánku djuk delivery forj.k] fudklh

Deny bUdkj djuk denial budkj

Decide QSlyk djuk decision QSlyk

Defame cnuke djuk defamation cnukeh

Do djuk deed deZ

Encourage izksRlkfgr djuk encouragement izksRlkgu

Enter izos”k djuk entry izos”k

Employ ukSdj j[kuk employment jkstxkj

Educate f”kf{kr djuk education f”k{kk

Examine ijh{kk ysuk] tk¡puk examination ijh{kk] tk¡p

Eradicate tM+ ls feVk nsuk eradication mUeyw u

Heal t[e dk Hkjuk healthy LoLF;

532

Inform lwfpr djuk information lwpuk
Improve
Inherit lq/kkjuk] csgrj gksuk improvement lq/kkj] csgrjh
Interfere
Invent mRrjkf/kdkj eas ikuk inheritance fojklr
Ignore
Inspire n[ky nsuk interference n[ky] gLr{ksi
Judge
Justify vfo’dkj djuk invention vfo’dkj
Laugh
Lose utjvankt djuk ignorance mis{kk
Motivate
Move Ájs .kk nus k inspiration Ásj.kk
Marry
Oppose QSlyk djuk judgment QSlyk
Prove
Prepare U;k;ksfpr Bgjkuk justification U;k;ksfpr
Propose
Protect galuk laughter gla h
Please
Permit [kksuk] gkjuk loss uqdlku] gkfu
Possess
Qualify ikz sRlkfgr djuk motivation ikz sRlkgu
Retain
Remove xfr djuk movement xfr
Recover
Refuse “kknh djuk marriage “kknh
Resign
Recollect fojks/k djuk opposition fojks/k
Succeed
Sell lkfcr djuk proof lcwr
Serve
Satisfy rS;kj djuk preparation rS;kjh
Separate
Stop iLz rko j[kuk proposal izLrko
Speak
Steal fgQktr djuk protection j{kk] fgQkt+r
Tell
Warm [kq”k djuk pleasure vkuUn] [kq”kh

vkKk nsuk permission vkKk

vf/kdkj eas j[kuk possession vf/kdkj

;ksX; gksuk qualification ;ksX;rk

cjdjkj j[kuk retention :dkoV

gVkuk] feVkuk removal LFkkukUrj.k] mUeyw u

iqu% izkIr djuk recovery iqu% izkfIr

budkj djuk refusal budkj

R;kxi= nsuk resignation R;kxi=

;kn djuk recollection ;knnk”r~

lQy gksuk success lQyrk

cspuk sale fcØh

los k djuk service los k] f[kner

lUr’q V djuk satisfaction lUrfq ’V

vyx djuk separation vyxko

jksduk stoppage jksd] cUnh

cksyuk speech Hkk’k.k

pqjkuk stealth pkjs h

crkuk tale dgkuh

xeZ djuk warmth xehZ

533

Noun ls Verb cukuk% noun ls verb cukus ds fy, en, fy, ze bR;kfn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh “kCnkas eas FkksM+k cgqr ifjorZu djds Hkh cuk;k tkrk gSA tlS s%

Advice lykg advise lykg nus k
Apology {kek
Beauty lqUnjrk apologize {kek ekaxuk
Belief fo”okl
Bath Luku beautify lqUnj cukuk
Class oxZ
Cloth diMk+ believe fo”okl djuk
Critic vkykspd
Clarification Li’Vhdj.k bathe Luku djuk
Danger [krjk
Food [kkuk] Hkkstu classify oxhZ—r djuk
Fright Mj
Glory ”kku clothe diM+k igukuk ;k iguuk
Half vk/kk
Haste tYnh criticize vkykspuk djuk
Friend fe=] nksLr
Justice U;k; clarify Li’V djuk
Prison tsy
Life thou endanger [krjs eas Mkyuk
Body ”kjhj
Length yEckbZ feed f[kykuk
Light jks”kuh] izdk”k
Power ”kfDr frighten Mjkuk
Memory ;knnk”kr
Nation jk"Vª glorify ”kku c<k+ uk
Origin mRifRr] vkjEHk
Peace ”kkafr halve vk/kk djuk
Fool ew[kZ
Practice vH;kl hasten tYnh djuk
Rise tkxuk
System O;oLFkk befriend fe= cukuk
Sympathy gennhZ
Terror vkrad justify U;k;ksfpr djuk
Threat /kedh
Test tkap imprison tsy esa Mkyuk

live thfor jguk

embody “kjhj nsuk] “kkjhfjd :Ik nsuk

lengthen yEck djuk

lighten izdkf”kr djuk

empower ”kfDr nsuk

memorize ;kn djuk

nationalize jk’Vªh; cukuk

originate mRifRr gksuk

pacify ”kkra djuk

befool ew[kZ cukuk

practise vH;kl djuk

rien txus okyk

systematize O;ofLFkfr djuk

sympathize gennhZ fn[kkuk

terrorize, terrify vkrafdr djuk

threaten /kedh nsuk

testify tk¡p djuk

534

Adjective ls Verb cukuk%

Able ;sx; Enable ;ksX; cukuk

Black dkyk blacken dkyk djuk

Bold fuMj embolden fuMj cukuk

Clear li’V Clarify Li’V djuk

Pure “kq} Purify “kq} cukuk

Red yky redden yky djuk

Equal cjkcj equalize cjkcj djuk

Large cM+k enlarge cMk+ djuk

Civil lH; civilize lH; cukuk

Cheap lLrk cheapen lLrk djuk

Deep xgjk deepen xgjk djuk

Long yEck lengthen yEck djuk

Short NksVk shorten NksVk djuk

Broad pkSMk broaden pkSM+ djuk

Wide pkSMk+ widen pkSMk+ djuk

Special fo”ks’k specialize fo”ks’k cukuk

Adjective ls Adverb cukuk% Adjective esa ly tksM+dj

Slow /khek slowly /khjs ls
Quick rst
Brave cgknqj quickly rsth ls
Easy vklku
Unfortunate vHkkxk] cnfdLer bravely cgknqjh ls
Happy [kq”k
Evident LIk’V easily vklkuh ls
Obvious tkfgj] Li’V
Clear lkQ unfortunately cnfdLerh ls
Fair mfpr
Dear I;kjk happily [kq”kh ls
Sincere bZekunkj
Silent [kkeks”k evidently Li’V :Ik ls
Bold fuMj
Near utnhd obviously tkfgj gS fd
Confident fo”oLr
clearly lkQ&lkQ

fairly tk;t rjhds ls] mfpr :Ik ls

dearly cgqr I;kj ls

sincerely bZekunkjh ls

silently [kkeks”kh ls

boldly fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk

nearly yXkHkx

confidently fo”okl ds lkFk

535

Adjective ls Noun cukuk%

Able ;ksX; ability ;ksX;rk
Active Qrq hZyk
Abundant vR;f/kd activity fØ;k] gjdr
Assistant lgk;d
Accurate Bhd&Bhd abundance vf/kdrk
Absent xjS gkftj
Bold fuMj assistance lgk;rk
Bright pedhyk
Busy O;Lr accuracy “kq)rk
Brave cgknjq
Clever pkykd absence xjS gkftjh
Certain fuf”pr
Calm “kkUr boldness fuMjrk
Cold B.Mk
Cruel cjs ge] funZ;h brightness ped
Curious mRlqd
Deep xgjk business O;kikj
Diligent esgurh] ifjJeh
Eager mRlqd bravery cgknqjh
Eminent iz[;kr] ukeoj] mYys[kuh;
Excellent cgqr vPNk] ”kkunkj cleverness pkykdh
Equal cjkcj
Fresh rktk certainty fuf”prrk
Free vktkn
Generous mnkj] l[kh calmness “kkfUr
Glad [kq”k
Hard dfBu coldness B.Mkiu
Honest bZekunkj
Happy [kq”k cruelty csjgeh] funZ;rk
Magnanimous mnkj] l[kh
curiosity ftKklk] mRlqdrk

depth xgjkbZ

diligence esgur] ifjJe

eagerness mRlqdrk

eminence [;kfr] “kksgjr] mRd’kZ

excellence Js’Brk

equality cjkcjh] lekurk

freshness rktxh

freedom vktknh

generosity mnkjrk] l[kkor

gladness [kq”kh

hardness dBksjrk

honesty bZekunkjh

happiness [kq”kh

magnanimity mnkjrk]l[kkor

Noun ls Adjective cukuk% noun ls adjective cukus ds fy, y, able, al, full
,tic, en, ish, ical, less, ly, ous vkfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh “kCnksa esa
FkksMk+ cgrq ifjorZu djds Hkh cuk;k tkrk gSA tSls%

Air gok airy goknkj
Accident nq?kZVuk accidental vkdfLed
Blood [kwu bloody [kwuh
Body “kjhj bodily “kkjhfjd] “kjhj ls lEcaf/kr
Book fdrkc bookish fdrkc tlS k] fdrkch
Child childish
Boy cPpk boyish cPps tSlk] cpdkuk
Care yM+dk careful yM+ds tSlk
Classic fpUrk] ijokg classical lko/kku
vPNk “kkL=h;] cgqr vPNk

536

Comfort vkjke comfortable vkjkengs ] lgt
Condition n”kk] “krZ
Courage fgEer] lkgl conditional “krlZ wpd
Danger
Desire [krjk courageous fgEerh] lkglh
Drama bPNk] [okfg”k
Duty ukVd dangerous [krjukd
Ease drZO;
Enemy vklkuh desirable ok¡Nuh;
Faith
Fame nq”eu dramatic ukVdh;
Fear fo”okl
Fish [;kfr dutiful drZO; fu’B
Flower Mj
Fool eNyh easy vklku
Glory Qwy
Greed inimical nq”eu tSlk
Harm ew[kZ
Hill “kku faithful fo”o”uh;] oQknkj]
Honour ykyp
Hope uqdlku famous izfl)
Joy
King igkM+h] Vhyk fearful Mjkouk
Love lEeku] vknj
Machine vk”kk fishy eNyh ls iw.kZ
Magic vkuUn
Memory jktk flowery QwykastSlk]yPNsnkj]
Mercy
Milk I;kj foolish ew[kZrkiw.kZ
Month e”khu
Nation tknw glorious “kkunkj
Oil ;knnk”r
Practice n;k greedy ykyph
Profit
Respect nw/k harmful uqdlkunsg
Star eghuk
Storm jk’Vª hilly igkfM+;kas ls iw.kZ ;k Hkjk gqvk
Sympathy rsy
Thought iz;ksx] vH;kl honourable vknj.kh;
Class
Enemy ykHk hopeful vk”kkoku
Earth lEeku
Silk rkjk joyful vkuUniw.kZ
Wool
Hope rwQku kingly jktk tSlk] jktlh]
Mercy gennhZ
lovely I;kjk
fopkj
oxZ mechanical e”khu lEcU/kh
nq”eu
feVV~ h dk magical tknw dk] tknw tlS k
js”ke
memorial Lekjd
Åu
vkk”kk merciful n;koku] jgefny
n;k
milky nw/k ds leku

monthly ekfld

national jk’Vªh;

oily rsy ;qDr

practical iz;ksxkRed] O;ogkfjd

profitable ykHknk;d

respectful vknj.kh;

starry rkjkas ls Hkjijw

stormy rwQkuh

sympathetic n;k;qDr

thoughtful fopkjoku] e>nkj

classical oxhZ;

enemical nq”eu tlS k

earthen feVVh

silken js”keh] js”ke dh rjg dksey

woolen Åuh

hopeless vkk”kkjfgr

merciless n;kghu

537

Thought fopkj thoughtless fopkjghu
Care ijokg
Sleep careless ykijokg
Ice uhan
India sleepless tkxzr
Trouble cQZ
North Hkkjr icy cQhZyk
East d’V
Life Indian Hkkjrh;
Talk mŸkj
Pride ijw o troublesome d’Vnk;d
War
Person thou northern mŸkjh
ckr
cPpk Eastern iwohZ
;q}
O;fDr lifelike thou ds tSlk

talkative ckrwuh

proud cPps tlS k] cpdkuk

warlike ;q} tSlk

personal O;fDrxr

Make nouns from the following words:

arrive, attract, discuss, encourage, protect, recover, steal, separate,
accidental, fearful, joyful, certainly, eminent, honesty, memorial,
lovely, courageous, retain

Make verbs from the following words:
prison, class, sympathy, threat, fool, test, terror, origin, memory,
peace, justice, fright, hospital, summary, system

Make verbs from the following words:
prison, class, sympathy, threat, fool, test, terror, origin, memory,
peace, justice, fright

Make compound words from the following:
home, writing, tea, bath, man, post, shop, long, short, open, close,
water, fire

Make adjective from the following:
enlarge, excite, interest, widen, danger, diligence, honesty, hope,
greed, thirst, famous, ease, memory, depth, generosity, cruelty,
sympathy, thought

Make adverbs from the following:
general, peace, sincere, brave, evident, sure, include, interest, certain,
quiet, ease, bold, rare, fair

538

¼i=&ys[ku½

i= eq[;r% rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa%
1. Personal letters or Private letters ¼futh i=½
2. Official letters ¼ljdkjh i=½
3. Business letters/formal letters ¼O;olkf;d i=½

Personal Letters Or Private Letters ¼futh i=½

Personal letters or Private letters ¼futh i=½

Write a letter to your friend inviting him to your
brother’s marriage
Date: 18 November 2011
25, Railway road, Aligarh

Dear friend,

I am glad to inform you that the marriage of my younger brother has
been settled for 18 May. The marriage party will leave for Kanpur
from Aligarh on 18 May at 10 am sharp.
Your presence shall be highly solicited. I hope you will not disappoint
me. I am anxiously waiting for your timely arrival.

Yours affectionately,

Ravi Kumar

Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in
the board examinations
19 Aril, 2011
B- 3/92, Gomtinagar, Lucknow

My dear Satyendra,

I was very much delighted to know that you got brilliant success in
your 10+2 board exam. Accept my sincere congratulation on your
scintillating success. I was in high-spirit when I saw your roll number
in the list of first division in the Hindustan times. I conveyed this
message to all of our friends. They also became happy. Accept my
congratulation once again with all earnestness. I am sure that your
dream of becoming a doctor will come true. You will not find it
difficult to get admission in any medical college. Keep it up!

Yours forever,

Pramod

539

Official letters ¼ljdkjh i=½

Write a letter requesting the principal for obtaining
character certificate:

25 May 2011
The Principal

Shibli Intermediate College

Azamgarh

Sub: Request for obtaining character certificate
Sir,

Respectfully I beg to state that I joined your esteemed college in
2010 and passed intermediate with first division in 2011. I
participated in different extra-curricular activities. I was the captain of
cricket team. I was always obedient and respectful to my teachers. I
have to join BCA course in Delhi. So, I need a character certificate for
the same.

Therefore, I kindly request you to issue me the same.
Thanking you.
Yours obediently,
Mohammad Amir

Write a letter to the principal requesting him for obtaining
transfer certificate

Date: 3/10/2012
The Principal
Sharda Intermediate College
Varanasi

Sub: Request for obtaining Transfer certificate
Sir,

With due respect I beg to state that My Father, Shamsher Ali,
who was posted as branch manager in SBI at Lucknow branch in
Varanasi, has been recently transferred to Allahabad branch. Now
it is very difficult for me to continue my studies here in Varanasi.
Therefore, I request you to issue me the Transfer Certificate as
soon as possible so that I could seek admission in Allahabad.

Thanking you.
Yours obediently,
Lucky Ali
Class XI, Sec. A
Sharda Intermediate College
Varanasi

540

Write a letter requesting the Principal for leave

3 Sep 2012

The Principal
R. K. Inter College
Kanpur

Sir,

Respectfully I beg to state that I have been suffering from fever for
the last three days. So, I am unable to attend my classes. The Doctor
has advised me three days’ bed rest.
I, therefore, request you to grant me three days’ leave from 4 Sep to 7
Sep 2012.

-

Thanking you.

Yours obediently,

A. K. Khan
Class XII
R. K. Inter College
Kanpur

Write an application to the principal requesting him to allow
you a change in the subjects offered
21 August 2011
The principal
Sir Sayyed Inter College
Faizabad

Sir,

Respectfully, I beg to say that I am a student of class XI-B of your
college. I offered history as one of my subjects, but I find it very
difficult to carry on. I think I shall not be able to get good marks in
this subject.

Therefore, I request you to offer me sociology in place of history. I
shall be highly obliged.
Thanking you.
Yours obediently,

Abdullah

541

Write a letter requesting the director about the remission of fine

Date: 30/9/2010
To,

The Director
M. J. IT and Management College
Jamnagar, Delhi

Sub: Application for the remission of fine
Sir,

With due respect I wish to state that I am a student of BCA first
semester in your college. I have been fined by Mr. Tejpal Verma, my
language teacher, for speaking Hindi within the campus. Truly
speaking, I was not mentally prepared for that as I had been on three
days’ leave when the rule was made obligatory. I just spoke a few
Hindi words, and I was imposed a fine of Rs. 50. I even apologized to
him and felt sorry for that. I promise that I will not break the
discipline as it is in the interest of my career and College
environment. I, therefore, request you to waive off my fine. I shall
take care in future.

Thanking you.

Yours obediently,
Ravi Kumar Asthana

Write an application for scholarship

15 July, 2010

The principal
St. Xavier Inter College
Aligarh (UP)

Sub: Application for scholarship
Sir,

With due respect, I wish to submit that I am a student of class XI-B of
your college. I belong to a poor family. My father was a clerk in the
irrigation department. He retired last year. This has brought financial
problem for my family, since he gets insufficient pension, which is
not enough for managing our family. I have taken active part in
college cultural programmes and other activities. As a captain of the
college, I glorified my college and brought credentials as well. I wish
to pursue higher studies in your college, for which I require
scholarship from your end. Kindly grant me scholarship. I shall
always be obliged to your kindness for the same.

Thanking you

Yours obediently,

Sumit Srivastava
Class XI-B
St. Xavier College
Aligarh

542

Write a letter to the Branch Manager requesting him to
issue a new cheque book

18 July 2011
The Branch Manager
Punjab National Bank
Main branch
Azamgarh - 276001 (UP)

Sub: Issuing of a new cheque book
Sir,
With due respect, I would like to draw your kind attention to the fact
that I am an A/C. holder of your said bank having savings A/C
no12345678900. I lost my cheque book last week while travelling. In
this regard, I would like to request you to issue me a new cheque book
containing 10/25 pages at the earliest. I shall be highly obliged.

Thanking you
Regards,
Vishal Kumar
Savings A/C no. 12345678900

Write a letter to Bank Manager asking him to stop payment
of a cheque

2 December 2010
The Manager
Indian Bank
37, Nirupatunga Road
Bangaluru - 560001

Sub: Aplication for stoping payment of cheque
Dear Sir,

With reference to the subject, I would like to request you to stop the
payment of cheque No. 104662, dated 02 December 2010, which I
signed in favour of Mr. Kushwant Khanna.
Kindly look into this matter and do the needful at your earliest.

Thanking you.

Regards,

Ramesh Tiwari