Nota PBL

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INSTITUT LATIHAN
PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

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VISI INSMAT

MENJADI INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN
MATERIEL BERKELAS DUNIA DAN MENEPATI
PIAWAIAN ANTARABANGSA DAN NASIONAL

MISI INSMAT

MELAHIRKAN MODAL INSAN MATERIEL YANG
TERAMPIL, KOMITED, INOVATIF, KREATIF DAN
BERINTERGRITI BERSANDARKAN KEPADA PLAN
TRANSFORMASI AFNG DAN LIMA TERAS UTAMA

SEDIA ADA

POLISI KUALITI

INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL
(INSMAT) KOMITED SECARA PROFESIONAL DALAM

MEMBERI LATIHAN YANG BERKUALITI DAN
TERAMPIL DENGAN DIDUKUNG OLEH

PERKHIDMATAN SERTA LOGISTIK PADA MASA,
TEMPAT DAN KEPERLUAN YANG TEPAT

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LAGU INSMAT

INSMAT TENTERA UDARA
MENDIDIK PERWIRA NEGARA
BERILMU BERJUANG BERILMU MEMIMPIN
MEMBELAH ANGKASARAYA

MENYEDIA SATRIA SIAGA
MENJADI PAYUNG NEGARA
BERKELAS DUNIA ANTARABANGSA
MENJADI VISI KITA SEMUA

WARGA KREATIF DAN INOVATIF
TERAMPIL DAN BERINTEGRITI
BESTARI DAN KOMITED MISI KITA SEMUA
TERSEMAT Dl DALAM DADA

MENCAPAI HASRAT DICITA
MENDUKUNG MISI ANGKASARAYA
KUASA UDARA UNGGUL TERAS TENTERA UDARA

INSMAT KEBANGGAAN KITA

SETIAP WARGA MATERIEL SANGAT BERBANGGA
INSMAT KEBANGGAAN KITA

TERAMPIL & BERINTEGRITI

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

ISI KANDUNGAN NOTA

KURSUS SISTEM MATERIEL PENINGKATAN KELAS I
(PENGURUSAN BAHAN LETUPAN)

NOMBOR : ............................................. PANGKAT : .................................
NAMA
SIRI KURSUS : ............................................................................................................

: ............................................. TAHUN : .................................

BIL TAJUK MUKA
SURAT

MODUL 1 – STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DAN PENGENALAN BAHAN LETUPAN

1 Organisasi Pengurusan Bahan Letupan Dalam TUDM 1
RMAF Explosive Management Responsibilities and 2
4
2 Organization
3 Base Ammunition Terminal and Consumer Unit

4 Perolehan Bahan Letupan 5

5 Bidang Tugas Pegawai Pengstoran Ordnan Letupan 11

6 Bidang Tugas PTTK Pengstoran Ordnan Letupan 12
Bidang Tugas Pegawai Kawalan Stok dan Perakaunan 13
14
7 Ordnan Letupan 16
Bidang Tugas PTTK Kawalan Stok dan Perakaunan Ordnan

8 Letupan

9 Bidang Tugas PTTK Semakan Stok

10 Bidang Tugas PTTK Cabang Terima dan Hantar 17

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22
11 History and Development of Explosive 34
12 Explosive Terminology 37
13 Basic Theory of Explosive 42
14 Sensitivity of Explosive 55
15 Classifications of Explosive 63
16 Type of Explosive 92
17 Aircraft Bomb 108
18 Aircraft Rocket 121
19 Aircraft Missiles 139
20 Pyrotechnic
21 Type Of Ammunition 163
166
MODUL 2 – SAFETY 168
22 Precautions And First Aid Treatment 170
174
Precautions And First Aid Treatment Pyrotechnic
23 Compositions

Precautions And First Aid Treatment High Explosive
24 Substances
25 Precautions And First Aid Treatment - OTTO FUEL II
26 Fire Fighting And Preventing

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MODUL 3 – ADMINISTRATION OF EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE

27 Penggunaan Publikasi Bahan Letupan 182
General Rules For Explosive Areas And Explosive 185
198
28 Ordnance Facilities
29 Administration Of Explosive Ordnance Facilities

30 Vehicles And Mechanical Handling Equipment 202
Vegetation And Livestock In Explosive Storage Areas And 204
207
31 Pes
32 Control Of Natural Vegatation

33 Control Of Livestock And Agriculture 209

MODUL 4 – PENGURUSAN PENGSETORAN BAHAN LETUPAN

34 Explosive Ordnance Danger Building Construction 212

35 Traverses 221

36 Quantity Distance 230

37 General Principles Of Storage 233

38 Hazard Classification Code 235

37 Classification Of Military Explosives For Storage 236

38 The Compatibility Groups Of Explosive 241
Authorised Mixing In Storage Of Explosive Ordnance 246

39 Compatibility Groups
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PU 201631 – Explosive Ordnance and Associated Components, 252
40 Storage, Loading and Classifications Data Sheets 254
41 PU 202232 – Explosive Ordnance Reclassification Register
42 Calculation of Storage Capacity and Space Requirement 257
272
43 Determination of Net Explosive Quantity 274
44 Lembaga Pelesenan Fasilitas Bahan Letupan 289
45 Prosedur Pelesenan Fasilitas Bahan Letupan 295
46 Prosedur Pelesenan Tidak Memenuhi Kriteria 297
47 Method for Calculating Maximum NEQ 301
48 Tatacara Penyediaan Borang Lesen 308
49 Authorized Use 310
50 Storage Conditions Of Explosive Ordnances 312
51 Priority For Covered Storage 316
52 Relaxed And Special Conditions Of Storage 318
53 Isolation And Segregation Of Explosive Ordnance 321
54 Stacking Of Packaged Explosive Ordnance 323
55 Stacking Of Unpackaged Explosive Ordnance 327
56 Handling Of Explosive Ordnance 331
57 Packing And Unpacking Of Explosive Ordnance 336
58 Sealing Of Packages

Marking And Labeling Of Explosive Ordnance And
59 Packages

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344
Explosive Ordnance Facilities Bi-Weekly And Maintenance 353
60 Inspections 358
61 Explosive Ordnance Facility Log Book 362
366
Senggaraan Dan Pemeriksaan Teknikal Ordnan Letupan
62 Dan Alatan Yang Berkaitan

Pemeriksaan Tahunan Pengurusan Bahan Letupan dan
63 Fasilitas Bahan Letupan
64 Performa Associated With EO Inspection in BAT

65 Borang TUB 20-143 Tindakan Oleh Unit (Pemegang Stok)

MODUL 5 – Perakaunan dan Dokumentasi 371
66 Principles Of Accounting 373
67 Prosedur Penerimaan Ordnan Letupan 376
68 Dokumen-Dokumen Berkaitan Ordnan Letupan 378
69 Tanda Pengenalan Bahan Letupan 379
70 Explosive Ordnance Stack Card (TUB 20-0283) 381
71 Buku Daftar Lot Dan Kad Stek Bahan Letupan 383
72 Explosives Ordnance Lot Register (TUB 20-0276) 386
391
Simpanan Selamat (Safe Custody) Ordnan Letupan Di 395
73 UnitUnit TUDM 398
74 Prosedur Memohon Kelulusan 408
75 Arahan Pengeluaran
76 Prosedur Penghantaran Ordnan Letupan Di Terminal Peluru
77 Disposal Procedure of Explosive Ordnance

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496
78 Disposition (Aplikasi SPKB)
79 Audit Stock (Aplikasi SPKB) 542

MODUL 6 – Jentera Angkat Susun (Fork Lift)
80 Jentera Angkat Susun

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KURSUS PENGURUSAN SISTEM MATERIEL
PENINGKATAN KELAS I

(PENGURUSAN BAHAN LETUPAN)

STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
DAN

PENGENALAN
BAHAN LETUPAN

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Modul 1 -
Struktur Organisasi Dan Pengenalan

Bahan Letupan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN: Selepas tamat modul ini, pelatih akan berkebolehan
untuk:
Hasil Pembelajaran 1:
Kriteria Penilaian: Menyatakan Pengenalan kepada Struktur Organisasi
Pengurusan Bahan Letupan

1.1 Menyatakan Organisasi Pengurusan Bahan
Letupan dalam TUDM.

1.2 Menyatakan Perolehan Bahan Letupan.

1.3 Menyatakan Pengenalan kepada Struktur

Organisasi Pengurusan Bahan Letupan.

Hasil Pembelajaran 2 : Melaksanakan Bidang Tugas Dan Tanggungjawab di
Kriteria Penilaian: Terminal Peluru

2.1 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas Pegawai Stor Ordnan
Letupan.

2.2 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas PTTK Stor Ordnan
Letupan.

2.3 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas Pegawai Kawalan Stok dan
Perakaunan Ordnan Letupan.

2.4 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas PTTK Kawalan Stok dan
Perakaunan Ordnan Letupan.

2.5 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas PTTK Semakan Stok.

2.6 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas PTTK Cabang Terima dan
Hantar

2.7 Menyatakan Bidang Tugas Dan Tanggungjawab di
Terminal Peluru.

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Hasil Pembelajaran 3 : i
Kriteria Penilaian: Menyatakan Introduction of Explosives

Hasil Pembelajaran 4 : 3.1 Menyatakan History and Development
Kriteria Penilaian: of Explosive.

Hasil Pembelajaran 5: 3.2 Menyatakan Explosive Terminology.
Kriteria Penilaian:
3.3 Menyatakan Introduction of Explosives.

Menyatakan Ganeral Theory of Explosive

4.1 Menyatakan Basic Theory of Explosive.
4.2 Menyatakan Sensitivity of Explosive.
4.3 Menyatakan Classification of Explosive.
4.4 Menyatakan Types of Explosive.
4.5 Menyatakan Ganeral Theory of Explosive.

Menyatakan Jenis-jenis Bahan Letupan dalam TUDM

5.1 Menyatakan Aircraft Bomb.
5.2 Menyatakan Aircraft Rocket.
5.3 Menyatakan Aircraft Missiles.
5.4 Menyatakan Pyrotechnic.
5.5 Menyatakan Type of Ammunition.
5.6 Menyatakan Aircraft Cad Pad.
5.7 Menyatakan Jenis-jenis Bahan Letupan dalam

TUDM.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

ORGANISASI TERMINAL PELURU

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

RMAF EXPLOSIVE MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND
ORGANIZATION

Reference:
A. PU 4309 Section 2 Chapter 1 - Explosive Ordnance Administration

and Accounting Procedure
1. To ensure an effective and efficient management of explosive in RMAF, the
following organizations and chain of command have been established to carry out the
task and roles entrusted.
MTU - SISMAT
2. Jointly responsible with MTU - Kejuruteraan for policy matters involving EO:
a. Formulation of explosive management policy.
b. Provision of new adopted policy and concept concerning explosive.
c. Planning of infrastructure for BAT and consumer units.
MTU – Perolehan
3. Acquisition of EO and associated equipment through:

a. Contract.
b. FMS cases.
c. Newly introduce EO
d. Development budget.
Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara (MPBU)

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2. Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara (MPBU) is responsible for the operational
management of EO in the RMAF and the area responsibilities are as follows:
a. Implementation of explosive management policy.
b. Planning of resources for supply of EO to meet operations and training

requirement.
c. The provision of statistical information to assist future planning.
d. The preparation of orders for the supply of EO, associated equipment and tools.
e. Monitor progression of all orders until final receipt
f. Market research of EO product
g. Approval for issuance of EO from BATs.
Inspektorat Bahan Letupan
3. IBL is the standards manager for EO facilities.

a. Inspection of EO management at BATs and Units
b. Ensure the management of accounting, storage of EO and associated

items in according with current procedures.
c. Conditioning of EO.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

BASE AMMUNITION TERMINAL AND CONSUMER UNIT

Reference:
A. PU 4309 Section 2 Chapter 2 - Explosive Ordnance Administration

and Accounting Procedure
Responsibilities of Commanding Officer BAT
1. The Commanding Officer BAT is responsible directly to the Panglima Markas
Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara for all explosive ordnance matter.

a. Ensure demand and documentation of EO in according with procedures.
b. Conduct stocktaking.
c. Transportation of EO between BAT.
d. Implementation of regulations and procedures to ensure safe storage,

handling and servicing of EO.
e. Disposal and demolition of EO.
f. Safety and security.
Responsibilities of OC Supply Consumer Unit
4. The responsibilities of OC Supply at Consumer Units are as follows.

a. Ensure demand and documentation of EO in according with procedures.
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b. Conduct stocktaking.
c. Storage and transportation of EO.
d. Management of EO and facilities in term of safety and security.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

PEROLEHAN ORDNAN LETUPAN
1. Berkonsepkan Perancangan + Perbekalan = Perolehan
2. Perancangan adalah dilaksanakan oleh MPBU & MPOU.
3. Perbekalan juga dilaksanakan oleh MPBU & MTU PERO (FMS)
4. MPBU Sis GP D adalah bertanggungjawab melaksanakan fungsi 3P iaitu

Planning, Provisioning dan Pre-Positioning.
5. Kaedah Perolehan adalah melaui 2 cara iaitu:

a. Kontrak - Tender/FMS } MTU-Pero
b. DPA - Sebut harga } MPBU - Bahagian Beli - FMS }
6. Perolehan Ordnan Letupan adalah dibawah OS 35000 dan peruntukan kewangan

diperolehi daripada MTU-Belanjawan.
7. Unit-unit Terminal Peluru tidak perlu mengajukan permohonan ke MPBU Sis GP D

bagi Ordnan Letupan yang berkurangan dan keperluan mendesak seperti
CAD/PAD (MPBU yang merancang)

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8. Stok Ordnan Letupan yang baru sampai ke unit-unit Terminal Peluru akan dibuat

Pre Delivery Inspection (PDI) oleh satu lembaga yang dilantik oleh MPBU bagi
memastikan alatan tersebut mengikut spesifikasi yang ditetapkan sebelum alatan
tersebut dimasuk kira (BOC) ke dalam stok dan akaun unit.

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CONTOH MINIT MESYUARAT

Markas Tentera Udara
Bahagian Materiel - Perolehan
Aras 18, Wisma Pertahanan
Jalan Padang Tembak
50634 KUALA LUMPUR

Tel:03-20714342
Faks:03-2691 1505

28 Jan 17

MTU/MAT/6325/11

Lihat Agihan

MINIT MESYUARAT PENYEDIAAN PERUNTUKAN KEWANGAN TAHUN 2018/
2019 BAGI PEROLEHAN BAHAN LETUPAN TUDM SIRI 01/16 BERTEMPAT DI
BILIK PUSMA PADA 27 JAN 17 JAM 0830H

Kehadiran:

Lt Kol Yohanez bt Ahmad TUDM - PS 1 Belanjawan - Pengerusi
PS 2 Sis Gp D MPBU
Mej Nazri bin Miswadi TUDM - PS 2 Pejuang – MPOU
PS 2 Pejuang - P&P
Mej Amer Mahmud bin Abdul Rahman TUDM - PS 2 Perolehan - FMS
PS 2 Belanjawan
Mej Izwan bin Zainal Amran TUDM - Peg. Memerintah TP 2
Peg. Memerintah TP 3
Mej Mohd Khairiza bin Muhammad Zin TUDM - PS 3 Belanjawan
PS 3 Perolehan – Setiausaha
Mej Omar Zai bin Abas TUDM -

Mej Nor Azmi bin Abd Rahman TUDM -

Kapt Hasrizan bin Hassan TUDM -

Kept Mohd Fadzil bin Zainuddin TUDM -

Kapt Shukri bin Ghazali TUDM -

Tidak Hadir Bersebab:

Mej Rohaizad bin Md Dom TUDM - Peg. Memerintah TP 1

PENDAHULUAN

1. YBhg Pengerusi mengucapkan terima kasih serta mengalu-alukan kehadiran
semua pegawai yang hadir. Pengerusi juga memaklumkan bahawa tujuan rnesyuarat
ini diadakan adalah bagi menyelaraskan peruntukan kewangan bagi perolehan bahan
letupan TUDM sama ada perolehan baru atau pun perolehan penggantian. Pengerusi

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juga memaklumkan bahawa peruntukan kewangan bagi perolehan penggantian
adalah ditanggung sepenuhnya di bawah Perbelanjaan Mengurus (OE) manakala
perolehan baru adalah ditanggung di bawah Perbelanjaan Pembangunan (DE),walau
bagaimanapun peruntukan OE sentiasa digunakan untuk membiayai perolehan bahan
letupan memandangkan peruntukan DE tidak mencukupi atau tidak dapat
menampung keperluan sebenar bahan letupan berkenaan.

CONTOH MINIT MESYUARAT

ALlRAN PEROLEHAN ORDANAN LETUPAN DI
PERINGKAT MARKAS PEMERINTAHAN BANTUAN UDARA

USER SIS GP D
TP 1/2/3/4/5 MPBU–BELI
MTU-PERO

MATRA 1 / MATRA 3

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

BIDANG TUGAS PEGAWAI PENGSTORAN ORDNAN LETUPAN

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. Pegawai Pengstoran Ordnan Letupan bertanggungjawab kepada Pegawai

Memerintah Terminal Peluru di dalam pengurusan pengstoran ordnan letupan
berpandukan Manual Udara dan Publikasi Udara.
2. Menentukan ruang simpanan di dalam semua stor digunakan secara maksima
tanpa melanggar peraturan pengstoran ordnan letupan.
3. Membuat persediaan di dalam pengurusan operasi yang melibatkan Kumpulan
Penyediaan (Preparation Team) dan taklimat ke atas anggota-anggota yang
terlibat.
4. Menentukan kenderaan dan alat bantuan sentiasa berada di dalam keadaan
baik dan siapguna, penyelenggaraan dibuat mengikut jadual dan mengawal
dari penyalahgunaan kenderaan.
5. Menentukan tatatertib anggota bawahan di tahap yang tinggi.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL

BIDANG TUGAS PTTK PENGSTORAN ORDNAN LETUPAN

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. Bertanggungjawab terus kepada Pegawai Pengstoran Ordnan Letupan di
dalam pengurusan pengstoran bahan letupan berpandukan Manual Udara dan
Publikasi Udara.
2. Memastikan ruang simpanan yang cukup sebelum melaksanakan
penyimpanan ordnan letupan.
3. Memastikan pengenalan yang betul ke atas tanda bahaya (Hazard Division)
ordnan letupan dan kumpulannya untuk penyimpanan.
4. Menyelenggarakan rekod yang betul untuk semua ordnan letupan yang
disimpan.
5. Menentukan sistem pengelasan (classification) yang betul dipraktikkan kepada
ordnan yang terlibat.
6. Menentukan setiap pengeluaran ke Cabang Terima Dan Hantar menepati
tatacara yang sedia ada. Pengeluaran hendaklah mengutamakan ordnan yang tidak
penuh di dalam kotak (fraction).
7. Menentukan bungkusan yang diterima dari Cabang Terima Dan Hantar
menepati peraturan pembungkusan Ordnan Letupan.
8. Menyediakan TUB 20-0278 Explosive Ordnance Facilities Bi-Weekly Inspection
Record dan membuat pemeriksaan serta melaporkan setiap perkara yang perlu ke
dalam borang tersebut.
9. Menentukan kerja-kerja pembersihan dari masa ke semasa dan sentiasa
memastikan kebersihan stor di bahagian luar dan dalam.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL
TUDM KINRARA

BIDANG TUGAS PEGAWAI KAWALAN STOK
DAN PERAKAUNAN ORDNAN LETUPAN

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. Pegawai Kawalan Stok dan Perakaunan adalah bertanggungjawab terus

kepada Pegawai Memerintah di dalam segala aspek perakaunan dan kawaIan
stok ordnan peluru dan bahan letupan.
2. Tugas dan tanggungjawab beliau adalah seperti berikut:
a. Menentukan semua stok ordnan letupan yang disimpan dalam

pegangan, sentiasa kemaskini perakaunan SPKB.
b. Menentukan perakaunan ke atas ordnan peluru dan ordnan letupan

dibuat berpandukan baucer-baucer penerimaan dan pengeluaran.
c. Menentukan semua baucer permohonan daripada unit-unit yang

diterima didaftarkan serta diperakui dan diedarkan untuk diproses.
d. Membuat semakan dari masa ke semasa setiap lejar bagi menentukan

peralatan yang bergerak cergas (fast moving) dan bergerak perlahan
(slow moving) bertujuan supaya tindakan permohonan dan pengeluaran
tepat.
e. Membuat penyelesaian akhir ke atas baucer-baucer (Final Scrutiny).
f. Menentukan penyata bulanan SMP 8 dan SMP 16 disediakan.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
g. Membuat pertanyaan ke atas baucer-baucer yang terbengkalai.

BIDANG TUGAS PTTK KAWALAN STOK DAN PERAKAUNAN
ORDNAN LETUPAN

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. Bertanggungjawab kepada Pegawai Kawalan Stok dan Perakaunan dalam

aspek perakaunan, kira-kira dan rekod-rekod ordnan peluru dan bahan letupan
yang dipegang oleh unit.
2. Tugas dan tanggungjawab beliau adalah seperti berikut:
a. Melaksanakan tugas berpandukan rujukan publikasi PU 4309 (Explosive

Ordnance Administration And Accounting Procedure)
b. Menyelenggarakan lejar utama peluru dan ordnan letupan supaya sentiasa

kemaskini dan selaras dengan SPKB.
c. Menentukan setiap buku-buku pendaftaran, baucer-baucer dan manuskrip

register disimpan rapi dan selamat.
d. Menentukan setiap pengeluaran peluru dan ordnan letupan mempunyai

Arahan Pengeluaran dari Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara.
e. Menentukan baucer-baucer disediakan untuk pengeluaran kepada unitunit

setelah mendapat Arahan Pengeluaran dari Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan
Udara.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA
f. Menentukan penyata bulanan stok pegangan peluru dan ordnan letupan

pada setiap bulan.
g. Menentukan paras pegangan borang – borang TUB mencukupi.
h. Menentukan Lot Register sentiasa berada dalam keadaan kemas dan

disusun mengikut jenis dan lot nombor.
i. Mengawasi ordnan-ordnan yang mempunyai jangka hayat terutamanya

CAD/PAD dan Pairoteknik.
j. Merujuk kepada Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara mengenai

perkaraperkara yang memerlukan perhatian.
k. Menentukan peralatan bantuan disediakan untuk semua seksyen dan

disimpan di tempat yang selamat dan sempurna.

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l. Membuat penyelesaian akhir ke atas baucer-baucer (Final Scrutiny).
m. Menyelia anggota-anggota bawahan dalam melaksanakan tugas harian.
n. Menentukan semua carta sentiasa dikemaskini.
o. Mendapatkan peralatan domestik, peralatan bantuan, borang-borang dan

alatulis untuk kegunaan unit.
p. Mengawal semua permohonan daripada pemegang-pemegang inbentori

unit.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

BIDANG TUGAS PTTK SEMAKAN STOK

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. PTTK Semakan Stok bertanggungjawab terus kepada Pegawai Memerintah

Terminal Peluru untuk menentukan bahawa aktiviti semakan stok tahunan
dijalankan berterusan sepanjang tahun berpandukan Manual Udara dan
Publikasi Udara.
2. Merancang dan membuat jadual semakan stok tahunan serta memastikan
aktiviti semakan stok berjalan mengikut jadual.
3. Menyediakan program semakan stok untuk tahun berikutnya pada bulan
Disember dan memajukannya kepada Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara.
4. Menentukan semakan stok dijalankan bermula daripada 01 Januari dan tamat
tidak lewat dari 30 September pada setiap tahun.
5. Menyediakan laporan tahunan semakan stok tahun semasa dan memajukannya
ke Markas Pemerintahan Bantuan Udara (MPBU) serta MTU - Wang tidak lewat
dari 31 Disember setiap tahun.
6. Menentukan penyelarasan akaun dilakukan. Unit/Lembaga Penyiasatan
ditubuhkan jika perlu dan mengambil segala tindakan menurut prosedur yang
sedia ada.
7. Membuat semakan stok secara mengejut bagi pihak Pegawai Memerintah
apabila diarahkan membuat laporan dan mengambil tindakan yang sewajarnya.
8. Melaksanakan arahan-arahan semasa dari pihak atasan.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

BIDANG TUGAS PTTK CABANG TERIMA HANTAR

Rujuk:
A. Perintah Tetap Terminal Peluru
1. Bertanggungjawab terus kepada Pegawai Pengstoran Ordnan Letupan

berhubung dengan pengurusan Cabang Terima dan Hantar berpandukan
Manual Udara dan Publikasi Udara.
2. Menguruskan Cabang Terima dan Hantar sebagai tempat penerimaan,
pengeluaran, pembungkusan, pembukaan dan pemeriksaan penerimaan
pengeluaran dalam negeri untuk tujuan penghantaran dan penerimaan.
3. Membuat dokumentasi bagi semua urusan penerimaan dan pengeluaran.
4. Membuat permohonan kenderaan untuk penghantaran/pengambilan ordnan
letupan dan tugas-tugas lain bila diperlukan.
5. Membuat pembungkusan ordnan letupan mengikut tatacara yang dibenarkan.
6. Menguruskan penyimpanan, pemeriksaan, sentencing, pemeriksaan LPA dan
pelupusan ordnan letupan yang telah diklasifikasi tidak boleh digunakan.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

KINRARA

INTRODUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXPLOSIVE

DEFINITION OF EXPLOSIVE.

1. Explosives are materials capable of an instantaneous release of gas or heat. An
explosive is a substance or a device that produces a volume of rapidly
expanding gas that exerts sudden pressure on its surroundings when suitably
initiate. There are three common types of explosives:

a. Chemical,
b. Mechanical,
c. And Nuclear.

2. Mechanical explosions are physical reactions, for example the effects of
compressed air.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXPLOSIVE.

3. The Historical Development.

a. Gun Powder - Discovered in 1250 by Roger Bacon (English). English
used it at the Battle of Grecy in 1346. Gunpowder is a mixture of Saltpetre
(Potassium Nitrate), Sulphur, and Charcoal (Carbon). It originated in
China around the 10th Century and was used in Fireworks and Signals.
Gunpowder or Black powder is the oldest form of a ballistic propellant and
it was used with early muzzle-type firearms. Being a mechanical
explosive that is messy, black powder was eventually replaced by cleaner
smokeless powder explosives.

b. Mercury Fulminate - Discovered in 1690 by Kunckel (German).

c. Structure and properties of Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Acid -
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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL TUDM

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Discovered in 17th and 18th Century.
d. Picric Acid - Discovered in 1771 by Woulffe (German).
e. Mercury Fulminate - Discovered in 1799 by Howard (English) completed

with prepared & properties described.

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f. Mercury Fulminate & Potassium Chlorate - Discovered in 1807 by Forsyth
(English) which is proof by detonating powder used in Caps.

g. Safety Fuse - Discovered in 1831, William Bickford English leather merchant
invented the first safety fuse. Using a safety fuse made black powder
explosives more practical and safer.

h. Nitrocellulose (NC) - Discovered in 1838 by Pelouze (French) also in 1845
by Chemist Christian Schonbein (German) which is proof by Sulphuric & Nitric
Acid used in preparation. In 1846, Schonbein again, discovered Nitrocellulose
or Guncotton when he accidently spilled an acid mixture on a cotton apron and
the apron exploded.

i. Nitro-glycerin (NG) - Discovered in 1846 by Ascanio Sobrero (Italian
Chemist). Nitro-glycerin is a mix of Nitric Acid, Sulphuric Acid, and Glycerol.

j. Nitrocellulose (NC) - Around 1847-1855, disaster explosions at factories in
Australia, England and French due to unstable NC.

k. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) - In 1863, TNT or Trinitrotoluene was invented by
German Chemist Joseph Wilbrand. It is considered a High Explosive (HE).

l. Nitrocellulose (NC) - In 1866, Research on stabilization of NC completed by
Abel (English).

m. Blasting Detonators/Cap (Mercury Fulminate) - In 1865, Albert Nobel
(Swedish) invented the Blasting Cap. The Blasting Cap provided a safer and
dependable means of Detonating Nitroglycerin.

n. Dynamite - In 1867, Albert Nobel patented Dynamite. It’s prepared by
absorbing NG in Kieselguhr.

o. Mercury Fulminate/NC/NG (wet) - In 1868, Brown (English) discovered dry
NC detonated by Mercury Fulminate could detonate wet NC.

p. Picric Acid - Discovered in 1871 by Sprengel (German) who demonstrated
Picric Acid could be detonated.

q. Blasting Gelatin - In 1875, Albert Nobel (Swedish) again was prepared by
gelatinizing NC with NG.

r. Tetryl - Discovered in 1877 by Mertens (German).

s. NC Propellant - Discovered in 1884 by Vieille (French) which produced NC
gelatinized by Ether-Alcohol.

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t. Ballistite (NC/NG Propellant) - Discovered in 1888, by Albert Nobel
(Swedish).

u. Cordite (NC/NG Propellant) - In 1889, Abel & Dewer (English) produced
NC/NG gelatinized by Acetone. Cordite was made of Nitroglycerin, Guncotton,
and a Petroleum Substance Gelatinized by addition of Acetone.

v. Lead, Silver & Mercury Azide - In 1890, discovered by Curtius (German).
x. PETN - Discovered by Rheinisch (German) in 1894 with Westfaelische -
Sprengstoff A.G.
y. Aluminum - Discovered by Diessler (German) in 1897 which is suggested
use of Aluminum in explosive.
z. RDX - Produce in 1899 by Henning (German). RDX is made of Nitric Acid and
Hexamethylene - Tetra mine.
za. HMX - Also discovered as by-product of RDX Process in 1899.
zb. TNT - In 1902, German adopted TNT as High Explosive (HE) Filling.
zc. Nitro-glycerin (NG) - In 1904, German also used glycol dinitrate to lower freezing
point of NG.

zd. Tetryl - British developed CE (Tetryl) as an exploder around 1903 to 1907.
ze. TNT - In 1913, British adopted TNT as HE Filling.
zf. RDX, RDX & TNT, RDX & Beeswax, PE, TORPEX, MINOL, PETN and
TNT - This combine product was produce in WW 1 around 1939 to 1945 by
world power country such as German and British.
zg. Atomic Bomb - In 1945 they also produce Atomic Bomb.
zh. ANFO - In 1955, modern High Explosives were developed. Explosives such
as Nitrate- Fuel Oil Mixtures or ANFO and Ammonium Nitrate-Base Water Gels
now account for seventy percent of the explosive market.
zi. Slurry Explosives - In 1958, Cooke from USA produce this explosive.

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THE CODE NAMES OF VARIOUS EXPLOSIVES

4. The means of code name for various Explosive in the world wide are listed below:

a. Amatex : Ammonium Nitrate + RDX + TNT

b. Akardite : Unsymmetricaldiphenylurea (used by Germans as a

stabilizer for propellants)

c. Burrowite : Ammonium Nitrate + TNT + AL

d. Ditetryl : N N’ – Dipicryl-N-N’ -dinitroethylenediamine

e. Explosive D : Ammonium Picrate

f. Fivolite :T etramethylolcyclopentanol pentanitrate

g. Fivonite : Tetramethylolcyclopentanol pentanitrate

h. Haleite : EDNA

i. HND : Hexanite - Hexanitrodiphenylamine

j. Heptryl : N-Nitro-N-picryltrimethylolmethylamine trinitrate

k. HMX : Cyclo-tetramethylenetetranitramine

l. Minol : Ammonium nitrate + TNT + A1

m. Minolex : Ammonium nitrate + TNT + A1 + RDX

n. PETN : Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

o. RDX : Cyclo-trimethylenetrinitramine

p. Sixolite : Tetramethylocyclohexanol pentanitrate

q. Sixonite : Tetramethylocyclohexanol teranitrate

r. Tridite : Shellite (Picric acid + DPN)

s. Torpex : RDX + TNT A1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SERVICE EXPLOSIVES

5. Before an explosive is approved for service use, there are many factors in the
properties of that particular explosive, which are closely examined. Some of these factors
are:

a. It must be safe to manufacture, store, handle and use.

b. It must be convenient to use solids are better than liquids.

c. It must be consistent in performance.

d. It must be easy to produce from readily available materials.

e. It must be suitable for long shelf life.

SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

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EXPLOSIVES TERMINOLOGY

DEFINITIONS OF EXPLOSIVES TERMINOLOGY

1. To avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation where the precise meaning of
a word or phrase is important, the following definition are to be used in so far
as this publication is concerned.

EXPLOSIVES DEFINITIONS

2. Ammunitions. A device charged with explosives, propellant, pyrotechnic,
initiating composition or nuclear or chemical material for use in connection with
offence, or defence including demolition.

3. Ammunition Supply Depot. A unit at which large stocks of explosives are
stored and maintained. Normally, it contains an explosives area, explosive
laboratories, a destruction ground, transport and other facilities, attendant
offices and other buildings required for the storage, servicing and movement of
explosives.

4. Ammunition Park. A unit, normally sited in a forward area, at which

explosives are stored and maintained. It contains, in a lesser degree, the same

facilities as an ammunition supply depot.

5. Anti-Static Floor. A floor having a resistance to earth of not less than 5 x
104 ohms and not more than 2 x 106 ohms, which is sufficiently electrically
conductive to disperse charges of electricity, but has sufficient electrical
resistance to minimize the danger from electric shock.

6. Assembly Place. Is a building or area where it is customary for people to
assemble. (eg; Mosque, School parade ground).

7. Authorized Representative. A person duly authorized by the responsible
authority to supervise the conveyance, loading and off loading of explosives.

8. Aviation Fuel and Ammunition Park. A forward unit responsible for the
receipt, storage, servicing, repair and issue of packed POL, explosives and
compressed gases for RAF formations in the field.

Note: Such units are completely mobile except for their stocks which, when necessary, are
moved by rail or supply and transport columns.

9. Batch/Lot. A definite quantity of some ammunition or explosive substance
manufactured or produced under conditions which are presumed uniform.

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10. Black List. A record of unsafe and inefficient explosives and dangerous
goods, and the authority for their disposal.

11. Blind. A prepared explosive store which, though initiated, has failed to

function (see ‘Misfire’).

12. Bonding. The process of connecting together metal parts so that they make
low electrical resistance contact for DC and AC current frequencies.

13. Charge/Weight Ratio. The ratio (expressed as a percentage of the weight
of explosive filling in an explosive or package of explosives to gross weight).

14. Classification. The allocation of a UN Hazard Division, Compatibility Group
and Serial Number to an explosive, according to its general properties and
characteristics and to those of its packing, during storage and transport. Military
explosives area classified by the Explosive Storage and Transport Committee,
and commercial explosives by HM Chief Inspector of Explosives, Health and
Safety Executive.

15. Clean Area. That portion of a magazine or laboratory from which it is

essential to exclude extraneous grit or dust, ie inside the barrier of the shifting

lobby.

16. Clean Conditions. The conditions necessary to minimize the special risks

associated with the storage and servicing (including inspection) of certain
natures of explosives. These conditions are detailed in –1B, N6.

17. Compartment. A room within a danger building with walls of sufficient strength
to prevent the direct propagation of the explosion or ignition of the contents of
the room to those of adjacent rooms.

18. Compatibility. Ammunition and explosives are considered to be compatible if
they may be stored or transported together without significantly increasing the
probability of an accident.

19. Compatibility Group. A grouping identified by a letter which referenced to a
compatibility table shows these explosives which may be stored or transported
together without significantly increasing the probability of an accident.

20. Comprehensive Classification List. An inter-service publication dealing with
the classification of government explosives in storage and transport.

21. Concession. A written authority by MTU or by an Air Officer Commanding, or
his appointed authority which specifically permits deviation from the mandatory
regulations prescribed.

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22. Conducting Floor. A floor having a resistance to earth of not more than 5
x 104 ohms.

23. Cradle-Stacking. The method of horizontal stacking whereby cylindrical
shaped stores or packages in an upper tier rest in the ‘V’ shaped grooves

formed by adjacent stores or packages in a lower tier.

24. Curtain Wall Construction. A building which incorporates substantial areas of
cladding in its external panels which are not load bearing and which weigh less
than 100 kg per sq meter. The cladding can consists of such materials as glass,
plastic or sheer metal.

25. Danger Building. A building, bay, dump or underground chamber,

authorized for use by a competent authority, in which explosives are dealt with

in any way or area stored.

26. Dangerous Goods. A term applied to in the PU 201630 in one of two
connotations:

a. A genetic term, associated with the United Nations System of
Classification of Dangerous Goods for all substances including

explosives.

b. Apply to certain type of stores, analogous to explosives and similarly
used, which do not contain explosives (matches, marker marine). When used
in this context it is identified by the use of inverted commas.

27. Deflagration. A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is sufficient
to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from
another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomenon with the reaction
products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at
subsonic velocity. The effect of a deflagration under confinement is an
explosion. Confinement of the reaction increases pressure rate of reaction and
temperature and may cause transition into a detonation.

28. Delegated Engineering Authority (DEA). A command or other RAF formation
to whom explosives have been decentralized and to whom delegated powers
have been granted by DG Eng (RAF).

29. Destruction Ground or Site. An area where explosives are disposed of by
burning or detonation.

30. Detonation. A violent chemical reaction within a mass of explosive evolving
heat and high pressure. The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of
extreme high pressures on the surrounding medium forming a propagating
shock wave which is originally of supersonic velocity.

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31. Detonator. A device containing a sensitive explosive intended to produce a
detonation wave.

32. Direct/Indirect Support Facilities. A station’s operational task requires
facilities which support it either directly or indirectly, within the context of –
1B,E1. Direct support facilities (eg. Sqn hangars, crew rooms, briefing and
other 1st line facilities) attract a lesser QD from PES than indirect support
facilities (e.g. 2nd line facilities, MT, station workshops, tech stores, ATC). Note
that other inhabited / vital facilities require at least IBD (e.g. barrack blocks,
messes, SHQ, medical center, PBX).

33. Dirty Area. That part of a magazine or laboratory outside the barrier (see
also Clean Area).

34. Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker. A mechanical switching device which

automatically interrupts an electrical supply when leakage current to earth

exceeds & predetermined value.

35. Ejecta. Any portion of natural ground which is projected from the site of an
explosion.

36. Electro-Explosive Device (EED). A one-shot explosive or pyrotechnic device
used as the initiating element in an explosive or mechanical train and which is
activated by the application of electrical energy.

37. Explosion. A nuclear chemical or physical process leading to the sudden
release of energy giving rise to external pressure waves.

38. Explosive. A substance (or mixture of substance) which is capable by
chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure as to
cause damage to the surroundings. Included are pyrotechnic substances even
when they do not evolve gases. Certain CW stores are classified as explosives
for storage and transport. (See also Dangerous Goods).

39. Explosive Area. An area used for the storage of explosives and within which
authorized missile preparation, inspection and rectification operations may also
be carried out. The area will extend for a distance of 50 m from any building or
stack containing explosives.

40. Explosives Building. See Danger Building

41. Explosive Classification. A division of explosives according to the risk

they present when initiated in storage and transport. See also Hazard Division

Compatibility Group and Classification.

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42. Explosives Laboratory. A danger building or area authorized for use by a
competent authority wherein operations in connection with the servicing
(including inspection) of explosives are performed.

43. Explosives Ordnance Facility. A generic designation for any building, site
or area on RMAF unit or air field at which explosive ordnance is or is intended
to be stored, packaged or unpackaged, prepared inspected, maintained loaded,
or unloaded to aircraft and vehicles of all types. This term is used
interchangeable with the terms danger building and danger facility.

44. Explosives Preparation Room. A room in a building authorized for the

storage, servicing, assembly, testing and preparation for issue of electro-

explosive devices.

45. Essential Building. A building whose destruction or severe damage would
impair the operational efficiency of the unit.

46. Explosive Safety. See introduction to this publication.

47. Explosive Storehouse. A danger building or portion of a building, authorized

for use by a competent authority, in which explosives are stored and which is
not under ‘Clean Conditions’.

48. Exposed Site. A magazine, storehouse cell stack, truck or trailer loaded with
explosives, process building, transit, inhabited building, assembly place or
public traffic route which is exposed to the effects of an explosion (or fire) at a
Potential Explosion Site.

49. Flameproof Enclosure. A type of protection for electrical equipment in
which the parts which can ignite a flammable atmosphere are placed in an
enclosure which can withstand the pressure developed during an internal
explosion and which prevents the transmission of the explosion to the
flammable atmosphere surrounding the enclosure.

50. Fireproof Partition Wall. Wall of brick stone, reinforced concrete or other
non-flammable material at least 230 mm thick, extending from floor to roof
without a gap. If there is combustible material in the roof either internally or
externally, the partition is to extend through the roof to a height of at least 960
mm above the combustible material and the roof is to be bedded into the walls.
As a guide a 230 mm brick wall of good quality has bedded effective against
propagation by fire for about four hours.

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51. Forward Weapon Storage. All aspects of explosives storage, preparation,
aircraft loading etc which are carried out on an airfield forward of the station

ESA. The definition includes all the facilities listed in-1B, E1, para 3. It does not

include facilities which are licensed under relaxed or special conditions in
accordance with – 1C, A8.

52 Fuse/Fuze. A “fuse” refers to an igniting or explosive device in the form of cord
or a tube, where as a “fuze” is a device designed to control the initiation of a main

charge.

53. Hang Fire. An undesired delay in the functioning of a firing system.
54. Hard-Standing. A prepared base, usually of hardcore or concrete, on which

explosives are stacked.

55. Hazard Division. A division of the UN Dangerous Goods Class 1 (explosives)
indicating the main type of hazard to be expected in the event of an accident.
There are 5 HDs: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5.

56. High Capacity Store. Is an explosive store having a charge / weight ratio of 60%
or higher.

57. High Explosive. A substance or mixture of substances which, in their

application as primary, booster or main charge in ammunition (qv) is required to

detonate.

58. High Order Detonation. Detonation (qv) at a velocity approaching the

maximum stable velocity of detonation of the system.

59. High Velocity Projection. Is debris or fragment propelled at high velocity

as the result of an explosion, with sufficient remaining energy to propagate an

explosion at another site.

60. Igloo. A magazine or storehouse, normally built at ground level, earth covered
and constructed in corrugated steel or reinforced concrete, provided with a strong
headwall and door (s). Earth covers the roof, the side and the rear. The building
or structure and its earth cover are designed to stringent criteria for resistance to
external blast loading and attack by high velocity projections. The cross-section of
the igloo may be semi-circular, elliptical, rectangular etc.

61. Inhabited Building. A building or structure occupied in whole or in part by
people.

62. Inner Room. A room in an explosives laboratory wherein explosives are

filled, repaired, broken down or inspected.

63. Inside Quantity Distance

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a. Inter magazine distance. The distance between a building or stack
containing explosives to other such buildings or stacks which will prevent
the direct propagation of explosion or fire from one to the other by missile,
flame or blast.

b. Process Building Distance. The distance from a building or stack
containing explosives or from a process building to other process
buildings which will provide a reasonable degree of immunity for the
operatives within the other process buildings, and a high degree of
protection against immediate or subsequent propagation of explosions.

64. Isolation. The storage of explosives in a dangerous or possibly dangerous
condition in separate accommodation away from all other explosives.

65. Inspection. A survey of stores by a recognized Quality Assurance Authority in
which the process of measuring, examining, testing, gauging or otherwise
comparing the item with the applicable requirement is carried out.

66. Inspection of Explosives. “An officer or civilian not below the rank of Higher
Professional and Technology Officer approved by DD Wpn Eng (RAF) as qualified
to control the inspection of explosion of explosives etc and their storage and to
undertake such other duties as are required of him by these regulations”.

67. Integrated Weapon Complex (IWC). A special purpose process building
comprising 4 weapon assembly and check rooms serviced by 4 equipment/plant
rooms and with a single central test equipment house.

68. Intrinsically Safe. As applied to a circuit or an apparatus, respectively, as
given in British Standard 1259 of 1958 means:

a. Intrinsically Safe Circuit. A circuit in which any electrical sparking
that may occur in normal working under the conditions specified by the
certifying authority, and with the prescribed components, is incapable of
causing an ignition of the prescribed ‘flammable’ gas or vapour.

b. Intrinsically Safe Apparatus. Apparatus that is so constructed that
when installed and operated under the conditions specified by the
certifying authority, any electrical sparking that may occur in normal
working, either in the apparatus or circuit associated therewith is
incapable of causing an ignition of the prescribed ‘flammable’ gas or
vapour.

Note
The use of the term ‘in normal working’ is intended to cover sparking that may,
in normal use, be produced by breaking line current or a short-circuit across the
lines, in the circuit that is required to be intrinsically safe. It is also intended to
cover sparking that may be produced under any conditions of fault which may,
in the opinion of the certifying authority, arise in practice.

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69. Laboratory. See Explosives Laboratory.

70. Limited Humidity Conditions. The conditions of atmospheric humidity required
to minimize the absorption of moisture by hygroscopic substances. These
conditions are detailed in – 1B, N7.

71. Lobbed Ammunition. Unexploded ammunition projected from an exploding.

72. Marshalling Yard. A group of railway sidings in which freight trains are formed
and reformed, an area used for receiving dispatching and switching of trucks.

73. Magazine. A danger building, authorized for use by a competent authority and
maintained under ‘Clean Conditions’, in which explosives liable to function by

spark or friction are stored.

Note
The term is also applied to that portion of a fuse which contains an intermediary explosive.

74. Main Road. A road in the United Kingdom defined by the Ministry of
Transport as Class ‘A’ or Class ‘B’ or a comparable road outside the United Kingdom.

75. Maximum Credible Event/Effective Risk. In a given situation the greatest
quantity of explosives which can function virtually at once to provide an explosion
effect.

76. Military Explosives. Explosives which are:

a. Under the control of HM Government or a Headquarters or the Service
Authorities of a Visiting Forces, or

b. Not under such control but is otherwise held for the service of the Crown
or a Headquarters or a Visiting Force, or

c. Is certified by HM Government to be conveyed in connection with the
execution of a contact with HM Government or a Headquarters or the
Service Authorities of a Visiting Force.

77. Misfire. A failure to fire, where the defects is in the initiating mechanism, in the
initiator or in the propelling charge. (See Blind).

78. Missile. An armament store designed to be released from an aircraft or discharged
from a gun or launcher.

79. Movement Under Restriction. Transport by road or rail by a duly authorizes
and competent member of the Forces of civilian employee of the MOD department

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concerned. The escort is to be suitably briefed and to be responsible for the safety
and security of the consignment throughout its journey.

80. Nature. A division of ammunition in accordance with the general properties of the
filling, e.g HE incendiary, smoke.

81. Net Explosive Quantity. The weight of explosive substance, excluding that in
safety class ammunition, in explosive items, or in a danger building.

82. Non-Self-Propellant/Non-Self-Propulsive. Small or medium size rocket motors
which although fitted with a complete ignition system (self-propulsive) embody one
or more of the following safeguards:

a. Effectively mechanically restrained from significant flight by strapping or
by means embodied in the packaging design.

b. EED incorporated in the ignition system must be effectively protected
against stray currents from any source and the venture must be effectively
protected to prevent accidental ignition.

c. In the case of percussion ignition systems, the percussion device must
be effectively protected.

d. The firing route from igniter to propellant charge is interrupted by a
mechanical shutter or displacement of part of the explosives train and the
venture effectively capped to prevent accidental ignition.

e. Fitted with aerodynamic ‘spoilers’ or better still, flight spoilers of an
approved design.

83. Operational Life. The time for which an explosive item may be expected to
remain safe and serviceable when used under its operational or training conditions
when these are different from its storage conditions but which is within the
envelope of the storage life.

84. Outer Room. A room in an explosives laboratory for the receipt and preparation
of explosives before their entry into the inner room, and for their subsequent
painting, marking and repacking.

85. Outside Quantity Distance

a. Inhabited building distance. The minimum permissible distance
between a Potential Explosion Site (qv) and inhabited building, caravans
sites, places of assembly etc which is such that the ignition or the
explosion of the explosives will not cause severe structural damage to
building etc or danger to their occupants.

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b. Public traffic route distance. The minimum permissible distance
between a Potential Explosion Site and public traffic route such that the
ignition or explosion of the explosives will not cause danger to the
occupants of vehicles on the traffic route.

86. Overpressure. The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an explosion.

87. Potential Explosion Site. The cavern, chamber, building, cell or stack which
contains or is intended to contain the explosives under consideration.

88. Process Building. Includes explosives laboratory, explosives preparation

room, explosives workshop and weapon generation or preparation building). A

building for one or more of the following: manufacture of explosive substances,

filling of explosive items, assembly, testing, servicing, weapons containing

explosives and ammunition. building or stock. It may explode on impact.

89. Prohibited Articles. Matches, lighters, smoking material and articles, tobacco in

any form, alcoholic beverages. Additional items as so defined in local orders.

90. Projections. Are items projected from the site of an explosion. There are

likely to be four kinds of projections:

a. Fragments of the explosive ordnance.

b. Debris from the earth-cover of the storage facility.

c. Debris from the structural material from which the facility is constructed.

d. Ejecta from the crater.

91. Proof. The functional testing and assessment of the performance of an

explosive to ascertain its condition.

92. Propellant. A substance which, by controlled burning, provides the gas

pressure required to accelerate a projectile.

93. Protected. As applied to electrical vehicle, lifting appliances, etc, means that
the internal rotating parts and the ‘live’ parts are protected mechanically from

accidental contact while ventilation is not materially obstructed (Glossary of Terns,

BS 205, Term No 2711).

94. Public Traffic Routes. Roads used for general public traffic. Railways outside the
explosives area which are used for public passenger traffic. Waterways, such as
rivers having tidal waters and canals used by passenger vessels.

95. Pyrotechnic. A substance or mixture of substances which when ignited under go
an energetic chemical reaction intended to produce effects such as light, smoke,
sound or fire.

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