Nota PBL

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f. Poster TUB 20-0158 - Marking Of Buildings And Transports Containing
Explosives.
195
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g. Form TUB 20-0141 - Authorized Used Of Explosive Content Of
Explosive Ordnance Facility.
196
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2COPIES BY O I/C
FACILITIES

MT-P&P/TP1/13/ IGLO ON
TP1 PANGUKA2L0A0N7 UDARA O8 E
KUAJNKTRAN

546PSTOR BAHAN
LETUPAN

60,0 63,0 63,0 94,5 94,5 AS
00 00 00 00 00 PERMITTED

D 1. WARHEAD MK 8 MOD 0 161. 21
D 11. [email protected] SENSOR UNIT 2283. 38 1
E 11. [email protected] MISSILE STARBUST919 030 1
04 3
C 11. [email protected]”RFZ 90 MOD 1 @ 917.2
C 13. 2W.7A5RHEAD 4M.3U0L8TI DART 4332.0 13
01 3
C 13. @RK4T.3M0O8TOR MISSILE SR 116 H81P411.5 233. 3
1
C 13. [email protected] MISSILE AIM 9P 51288.

[email protected] 88

HEIGHT = 3 M
0 200

7 JUL7

X PEG.

MEMERINTAH TP

h. Form TUB 20-0142 - Explosive Operations - Men And Explosive Limit
(if applicable).

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA
198

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ADMINISTRATION OF EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE FACILITIES

Reference:

A. PU 201630 Part 2 Leaflet N2
B. AP110A-0102-1B Leaflet N2

1. This leaflet contains regulations, concerned specially with the administration of
explosive ordnance facilities.

DISPLAY OF REGULATIONS AND NOTICES

2. A copy of Poster No TUB 20-0155 General Rules for Explosives Areas and
Explosive Ordnance Facilities and additional a copy of poster No TUB 20-0156
Aboveground Storage of Explosive Ordnance, is to be displayed in every Explosive
Ordnance Storehouse.

DISPLAY OF WARNING FLAGS

3. At all explosive ordnance holding units, red warning flags are to be displayed
continuously outside each explosive ordnance facility in which work of any kind is
proceeding.

DOORS, WINDOWS AND SHUTTERS

4. All doors and shutters are to be kept closed and secured except when it is necessary
to open them for work or ventilation. When the doors are open, a responsible person
is to be left in charge of the building.

DISCONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

5. When an explosive ordnance building or other facility is vacated, the electricity
supply is normally disconnected by switching off at the switch, but in buildings where
a constant temperature and/or humidity is required and the power source for these is
electrically and thermostatically controlled, the power supply to other services in the
building is to be disconnected.

THUNDERSTORM

6. All explosive ordnance facilities are to he vacated and closed during thunderstorm
and the electric current, if provide, disconnected as required by paragraph 4.

UNAUTHORIZED EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE AND TOOLS

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7. No person, without the special authority of the Officer-in-Charge, is to take any
chemical, explosive substance or explosive store into an explosive ordnance facility
except such items are authorized for use or storage therein. Tools required for carrying
out repairs to buildings are to be authorized as necessary by the Commanding Officer.

8. Brooms, doormats, dust-pans and brushes only, required for day to day
housekeeping of facilities, may be stored there-in Form TUB 20-0142 is not required
in this instance. However, tools and materials required for use during permitted
operations (see Para 8) must be authorized on Form TUB 20-0142 before being taken
into any explosive ordnance facility. These items must be removed from the facility at
the end of each day and/or on completion of the authorized tasks.

PERMITTED OPERATIONS IN MAGAZINES OR STOREHOUSES

9. Packages containing explosive ordnance are not to be opened in a storehouse
and no inspection or maintenance be done except that:

a. Safety class stores (HCC 1.4S) may be inspected in a store house which
contains only stores of this HCC.

b. Unboxed missiles, without fusing components, may be repainted or
restencilled but the use of mains operated tools, in this instance, is
prohibited.

c. Unboxed missiles, complete with fuzing components, may be visually
inspected and stenciled.

d. Boxed missiles, without fuzing components and which are not packed in
an inner container, i.e lining or cylinder, maybe unpacked and repacked,
and may be repainted/restencilied.

e. Outer packages may be repainted/restencilled.

f. Labels affixed with adhesive may be renewed.

g. In ready-use storehouses, packages may be opened as required but they
are to be closed properly immediately if an issue has been made.

h. Packages or unfused shell may be extracted from pallets, within the
storehouse.

i. In prepared-for-use storehouses, the only maintenance operations
permitted on missiles are visual examine and cleaning (without the use
of flammable solvents), air checking in nitrogen cylinders and
replenishing where necessary.

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10. Plugs, pistols or fuzes are not normally he removed from the items whilst in
store, but for inspection purposes, when specifically authorized in relevant inspection
instruction or technical publication, plugs and pistols may he removed provided:

a. The operation does not involve the exposure of any explosive.

b. The fuse hole is sealed with a steel exploder container or, for American
type weapons with a metallic fuse-well cup surrounded by inert material,
and the container or cup contains no explosive except exploder scaled
from atmosphere by metallic encapsulation.

c. Only the tools or implements authorized for the removal or inspection of
the plugs or pistols are used and no undue force or means of obtaining
increased effort with these tools or implements is permitted; plugs or
pistols found set fast are not to he removed from the item whilst in store.

d. Plugs or pistols are not to be removed from weapons showing the least
sign of any form of exudation.

e. No cleaning of the plug, pistol, container or the fuse-well cup is permitted,
oiling may be permitted.

11. The 'dangerous goods' may be visually inspected in a storehouse but if any
reason they are taken into a laboratory, they are to be treated as Hazard Division 1.3
explosive ordnance.

CLEANLINESS

12. Before taking an explosive ordnance storehouse into use, it is to be thoroughly
clean and while in use, is to be kept clean. Doormats arc to be provided at each
entrance; the floor, and all platforms and fittings, arc to be kept free from dust and grit.
Oiled rags, waste and other articles liable to spontaneous combustion are to be placed
immediately after use, together with any other refuse, into metal bins provided with
lids, situated outside the building. These bins are to be cleared at regular intervals and
on no account are to remain filled overnight. As soon as a building has been emptied,
it is to be thoroughly cleaned.

MAINTENANCE OF PACKAGES AND UNBOXED MISSILES

13. Before admission into an explosive ordnance storehouse or magazine, every
package and unboxed missile is to be examined to ascertain that it is undamaged,
correctly sealed, properly closed or plugged and externally clean. If the seal of a
package is broken or missing, the inner is to be correctly sealed before admission into
the storehouse. Defective packages are to be repaired or replaced before admission.

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MAINTENANCE OF STOCKS

14. The officer-in-charge is responsible that all stocks of explosive ordnance in his
charge are correctly maintained and is to ensure that the particulars of identification
are not allowed to become illegible, nor the lugs of bombs, etc., allowed to corrode.
Packages or stores requiring the renewal of markings, regreasing, etc., are not to be
submitted for inspection by Inspectorate of Explosive Ordnance TUDM before the
necessary maintenance work is effected, and care is to be taken that the identification
particulars arc correctly replaced.

STORAGE OF EMPTY PACKAGES

15. Empty packages are not to be stored in explosive ordnance storehouses with
explosive ordnance. When necessary they may be stored within the explosive area in
a place set aside for the purpose.

USE OF EMERGENCY EXITS

16. Personnel employed in explosive areas are to be aware of the position of both
the normal and emergency exits of the explosive ordnance facility in which they work.
Whenever a fire fighting practice takes place, evacuation drills also are to be carried
out, during which the emergency as well as the normal exits are to be used.
Emergency doors are to be clearly marked as such, both internally and externally,

17. The officer-in-charge of the facility is to record in the Explosive Ordnance
Facility Log Book. The date of the practice and the time taken to clear the facility. He
is also to comment on the adequacy or otherwise of the number of exits and uses are
made, make recommendations for additional means of exit when considered
necessary.

18. At such drills, workers in magazines and laboratories are to be encouraged to
make use of all available exits and to ignore the normal rules for entering and leaving
such buildings, care being taken that the magazine clothing and shoes are free from
extraneous matter before the workers are permitted to re-enter the building.

SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA
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VEHICLES AND MECHANICAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT
PERMITTED WITHIN EXPLOSIVES AREAS AND EXPLOSIVE

ORDNANCE FACILITIES

Reference:

A. AP110A-0102-1B Leaflet L1
B. PU 201630 Part 2 Leaflet L1

General

1. Electrically operated vehicles and mechanical handling equipments (MHE),
including lifting or stacking appliances, are preferable from a safety view point to those
operated by internal combustion engines for use in explosives areas and underground
explosives storage areas. However, diesel/JP-8 or petrol operated vihicles and MHE
are permitted in such areas under certain conditions. This leaflet datails the conditions,
and standard of construction with respect to engines and electrics,for vehicles and
MHE used in explosives areas.

2. Mobile mechanical handling equipment is to be clearly identified by sign writing,
plating or other means to define the areas in which it is cleared for use.

3. Diesel engines which have petrol starting devices and vehicles using liquid
petroleum gas (LPG) are to be treated as petrol engines for the purposes of this leaflet.

4. The construction and use of vehicles for the conveyance of explosives by road
outside the explosives area are detailed in Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
legislation (Carriage of Explosives by Road Regulations).

Fuel and Filling Arrangements

5. Vehicles and MHE are only to be refueled at authorized points and tank are not
to be filled beyond the specified capacity. No spare fuel is to be carried. Where filling
stations are approved in underground storage areas, the fuel is to be taken
underground in strong closed containers in sufficient quantity for one day’s work only.
The filling station is to have a floor of concrete impervious to fuel with a sill of sufficient
height to contain 10% more than the maximum amount of fuel stored.

6. Vehicles and MHE operated by diesel or petrol engine, are only permitted in
explosives areas and buildings and underground sites for explosives, under the
conditions given in the following paragraphs.

7. Diesel and Petrol Engine. Petrol and diesel fuel tanks are to be filled only at
authorized refueling points.

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Garaging

8. Vehicles and MHE which are powered by internal combustion engines are not
to be left unattended within 50m of any explosive ordnance ,building, Explosives laden
vehicles are to be meet this 50m rule and, additionally, must not infringe quantity -
distance rules to and from any explosive ordnance building. Unless traversed
accommodation is available, the vehicle must be treated as an untraversed storehouse
for the computation of those quantity-distances.

9. Vehicles and MHE, used in explosives areas and operated by petrol engines,
are not to be garaged within the inside quantity-distance of any explosive ordnance
building.

Maintenance and Repairs

10. No vehicle, whether Service or civilian owned, carrying any unserviceabilities is
to be permitted into an explosives area.

11. Breakdowns. Should a breakdown (including failure to start readily) occur in
the vicinity of a building or stack containing explosives, the vehicle or MHE, whenever
possible, is to be moved a distance of a least 25m from the nearest building or stack
before repairs are attempted. Normally only first-aid repairs of a minor nature, and
sufficient to permit the vehicle to be moved, are to be permitted within an explosives
area. Vehicles requiring major repairs are to be removed to an approved unit repair
facility.

Speed Limits

12. Speed Limits. Speed limits are to be clearly indicated by appropriately located
notices. The following speed limits are to apply; Commanding Officers may, at their
discretion, reduce these limits:

a. Explosives Area Main Transit Roads. Main transit roads through
explosives areas may have a maximum speed limit of 60km/h. However,
if a transit road is nearer than 50m to an explosives building, then the
60km/h limit is to revert to 30km/h within 100m of either side of the
explosives building. Overtaking of vehicles proceeding in the same
direction is not permitted.

b. Other Explosives Area Access Roads. The maximum speed

limit on all explosives area access roads, other than main transit roads, is

30km/h.

c. Underground Sites. The speed limit within underground sites is
restricted to 10km/h.

Vehicle Tyres

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13. All vehicles and mobile appliances including trolley, for use in danger building are
to be fitted with electrically conductive tyres.

SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

VEGETATION AND LIVESTOCK IN EXPLOSIVE STORAGE AREAS
AND PES

Reference:

A. PU 201630 Explosive Regulations Part 2 Leaflet M1
B. AP110A-0102-1B Leaflet M1

Introduction

1. Grass, tress and vegetation are to be controlled to ensure that they do not present
a hazard to explosives. There is also a major fire risk with any uncontrolled growth,
particularly during dry weather conditions. Close liaison is to be maintained with the
unit and Local Authority Fire Officers who may advise additional precautions
dependent upon local prevailing conditions.

Control of Grass

2. To reduce the risk of fire the following minimum conditions are to be applied:

a. Grass within 10m of an untraversed PES is to be kept short. No growth of
any kind is permitted within 1m of a PES.

b. For earth covered PES, the grass on and within 10m of the building is to be
kept short. This distance is measured from the base of the earth cover.

c. Where the PES is a building with a traverse, no growth is permitted between
the outside of the PES and the base of the traverse.

d. For explosives stored in the open, no growth of any kind is permitted within
2m of the stacks, and grass closer than 10m to these fire breaks is to be
kept short.

Note:

• ‘Short’ grass is defined as being 50mm or less in height.
• For new build facilities, or following major refurbishment of a PES, fire breaks around PES

are to be increased to a minimum of 2m.

Long Grass Policy

3. On flying units which have, for flight safety reasons, a long grass policy as a
method of controlling birds, the grass may be maintained at height of 100 – 150mm tp

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discourage roosting and feeding. The areas where the long grass policy may be
applied includes the 10m zone around a PES, but does not include traverses and earth
mounded PES. The introduction of the long grass policy within an ESA or around a
PES is only permitted where it is recognized that the birds in these area pose
significant flight safety hazard. In these cases a long grass policy is only to be
introduced as part of and overall airfield grass management policy controlled by the
Senior Air Traffic Control Officer (SATCO)

4. A long grass policy is not to be introduced on non-flying units, or as a cost saving
measure for grass cutting contracts. Introduction of the long grass policy must always
be balanced against the perceived flight safety hazard and the increased fire risk.

Control Of Vegetation

5. The growth of vegetation within 10m of a PES is to kept as short as possible.
Heather, gross, brushwood and undergrowth create a serious fire risk particularly
during extended periods of a dry weather and when there is a preponderance of dead
leaves and growth.

6. Particular care is to be taken to control grass and vegetation in areas with a
potentially increased fire risk, i.e. oil traps, POL storage, etc. Firebreaks are to be
provided to ensure that the risk of fire spreading from these areas is reduced. All
vegetation on the bank of streams is to be controlled. Adequate access is to be
provided to enable vehicles/plant to pump out any oil trap.

Control of Tress and Shrubs

7. Trees and shrubs are permitted within an ESA or close to a PES provided that they
do not provide a means by which a fire can bridge a firebreak. Trees are to be regularly
maintained by a competent person (i.e. a member of the Association of
Arboriculturalists) to ensure that they remain healthy and are less susceptible to storm
damage. The proximity of trees of a PES should be controlled so that in the event of
them being blown over they cannot hazard the PES or the contents. Neither are trees
to be allowed to grow where they could fall on overhead power lines.

Cut Vegetation

8. Cut vegetation, such as grass clippings, fallen branches, hay, etc is to be removed
from the short grass area around PES defined in para 2 immediately after cutting. If
the cuttings are removed to a distance of not less than 50m from a PES they may be
temporarily stacked to await removal. Removal must be completed within 3 days from
the date of cutting. The Senior Unit Armament Officer is responsible for ensuring that
any grass cutting or vegetation control contract includes the requirement to remove all
cutting in accordance with this paragraph.

Agricultural Chemicals

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9. Only those chemicals and fertilizers whose residue does not produce or cause a
significant fire risk are to be used to control vegetation in an ESA or close to a PES.

Agricultural Operations

10. Agricultural operations, excluding the grazing of livestock, are permitted in an ESA
subject to the following conditions being written into a contract with the agricultural
operator:

a. Personal involved in the agricultural operations are to be given the same
protection as if they were contractors.

b. Any agricultural operation which is within the area encompassed by the IBD
must not involve more man-days than would normally be required to
maintain the area, i.e. grass cutting.

c. The crops grown must not create a significant fire risk. The Unit Fire Officer
and Senior Armament Officer are jointly to decide if increased fire
precautions are required (particularly for increased fire breaks). These
recommendations are to be implemented before agricultural operations
commence.

d. The contract with the operator must include the stipulation that when
agricultural operations cease the ground is returned to grass.

e. Crops grown on flying units must not attract birds. The SATCO must give
his permission for the crops being grown before agricultural operations
commence to assess their affect on their attraction to the local bird life.

Livestock in ESAs

11. The grazing of livestock is not normally permitted within an ESA due to the amount
if access time to the area normally required by the operator for the husbandry of the
stock. However, where it is thought to be justified the Unit Senior Armament Officer is
to submit a case to the CLA for approval prior to any contract being signed if the
livestock is the property of the unit the same procedure must be carried out.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

CONTROL OF NATURAL VEGETATION

Reference:

A. PU 201630 Explosive Regulations Part 2 Leaflet M1

Fire Resistant Building Untraversed and Traversed

Immediate Area

1. The extent of natural vegetation control in the vicinity of explosive ordnance
facilities depends largely on whether or not the facilities are of fire resistant
construction and are traversed.

2. In the vicinity of explosive ordnance buildings which are of fire resistant
construction ie. Type (2) with protection proof, type (3) and (4) buildings the
growth of natural vegetation within 25m of the building is to be controlled as
follows:

a. Grass is to be short (less than 100 mm) within a 25 m area of the
building/s. No growth of any kind within 2 m of the building.

b. Trees are permitted within the 25m area providing they do not;

(i). Foliage reach to within 10m of the building;

(ii). Endanger the building or its foundations;

(iii). Overhead services; or

(iv). Present a fire hazard.

c. When this is impracticable, the grass in this 25m-wide area may be
permitted to exceed of 100mm but must be reduced to below 100mm as
soon as possible.

d. Height of grass in this area is not at any time permitted to exceed 300mm.

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e. Fire resistant building untraversed or traversed and when
concealment from air airborne observers is not requirement, no growth of any
kind is to be permitted within 2m of the building.

f. Fire resistant building traversed, no growth of any kind is to be
permitted within 1m from the building to the foot of the traversed.

Non fire resistant building untraversed

g. Non fire resistant building untraversed where concealment of the
building or stack is not requirement, no growth of any kind is to be
permitted within 5m of the building.

h. When concealment is requirement, grass or evergreen plants may be
grown within 5m wide area but the height of the grass or plants is not at
any time permitted to exceed 100mm.

Non fire resistant building traversed

i. Non fire resistant building traversed where concealment of the
building or stack is not requirement, no growth of any kind is permitted
outside the traverse within an area 5m wide, the area to begin 1m from
the foot of the traverse.

j. When concealment is requirement, grass or evergreen plants may be
growth within 5m wide area but the height of the grass or plants is not at
any time permitted to exceed 100mm.

Control of Vegetation In General Area

3. Vegetation in the general area away from explosive ordnance buildings, beyond
25m, is to be controlled so as not to present a fire hazard.

4. Normally the height of grass is this area is to be maintained at not more than
100mm

5. When this is impracticable, the grass may be permitted to grow to a height in
excess of 100mm but must be reduced to below 100mm as soon as possible.

6. Height of grass in this area is not at any time permitted to exceed 450 mm.

Priority of Grass Cutting and Removal of Cut Vegetation

7. In reducing the height of grass to below 100mm, first priority is to be given to
the area 25m around all explosives buildings.

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8. General area is to be cut only after all explosive buildings have been attended

to in this regard

9. Cut vegetation is to be removed from the explosive within three days of cutting.

Fire Breaks

10. In addition to the firebreak ( no growth of any kind) a 15m wide firebreak is to
be maintained on the inside and adjacent to the explosive area perimeter fence.

SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE

Reference:

A. PU 201630 Explosive Regulations Part 2 Leaflet M1

1. These Regulations are intended to reduce the hazards inherent in all explosive
ordnance activities. However, provision cannot be made within the Regulations
to cover every conceivable emergency situation.

2. There are prescribe the principles, standards and procedures to be applied
within the RMAF for the storage, handling and transportation of explosive
ordnance and provide guidance for the sitting and governing explosive
ordnance activities or airfields.

Agriculture Operation

3. These activities are be made by approval by Commanding Officer.

4. Cultivation – the following requirements are to apply to cultivation activities
inside an explosive area:

a. Crops which present similar fire hazards to grasses are no to be
cultivated within 50m of an explosive ordnance building or stack.

b. Other crops may be cultivated within 10m of an explosive ordnance
building or stack provided:

i. The height of the crop is not exceed 100mm.

ii. Where this is impracticable the height of the crop is not to exceed
300mm and is to be reduced below 100mm as soon as
practicable.

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c. Crop stack are not to be erected within 50m of any explosive ordnance.
d. When sowing/harvesting is in progress, fire fighting appliances of an

approved type and suitable number are to be present.
e. Flammable substances (oil & fuel) are not to be taken into the area.
f. Refueling of all vehicles is to be conducted outside the area.

Grazing
1. Approval is to be given by the department of Administrative Service (MTU)
before any grazing is permitted on RMAF property.
2. Grazing will only be permitted if the explosives are in building, or if the stacks in
open storage contain only bombs or shells, otherwise the stacks are to be protected
by fencing.
3. Electric fencing of a type approved by MTU may be used to protect stacks are;

a. 10m from a stack of explosive
b. 15m where the stack contain electrically operated explosive stores or

goods. (Used 6 or 12 volt battery and not be connected to the main
supply).

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212
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KURSUS PENGURUSAN SISTEM MATERIEL
PENINGKATAN KELAS I

(PENGURUSAN BAHAN LETUPAN)

PENGURUSAN
PENGSETORAN BAHAN

LETUPAN

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Modul 4 -
Pengurusan Pengsetoran Bahan
Letupan

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN: Selepas tamat modul ini, pelatih akan berkebolehan
untuk:

Hasil Pembelajaran 10 : Menyatakan Explosive Areas and Danger Buildings.
Kriteria Penilaian:
10.1 Menyatakan Explosive Ordnance Storehouse
Facilities. Danger

10.2 Menyatakan Traverse.

10.3 Menyatakan Quantity Distances.

10.4 Menyatakan Explosive Areas and
Buildings.

Hasil Pembelajaran 11 : Menyatakan Storage of Explosive.
Kriteria Penilaian:
11.1 Menyatakan General Principles of Storage

11.2 Menyatakan Classification of Military Explosive For
Storage.

11.3 Menyatakan Compatibility group and Classification
Code of Explosive Ordnance.
11.4 Melaksanakan Latihan Rujukan PU 201631 – EO And
Associated Component Stowage, Loading And
Classification Data Sheet.
11.5 Menyatakan Prosuder PU 202232 – Explosive

Ordnance Reclassification Register.

11.6 Melaksanakan Penyediaan Dokumen Berkaitan Di
dalam PU 202232.

11.7 Menyatakan Storage of Explosive.

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Hasil Pembelajaran 12 : Menyatakan Calculation of Storage.
Kriteria Penilaian:
12.1 Menyatakan Calculation Of Storage Capasity and
Space Requirement.
12.2 Melaksanakan Calculation of Storage Capasity and

Space Requirement.
12.3 Menyatakan Pengiraan NEQ.
12.4 Melaksanakan Pengiraan NEQ.
12.5 Menyatakan Calculation of Storage.

Hasil Pembelajaran 13 : Menyatakan Perlesenan Fasalitas Bahan Letupan
Kriteria Penilaian:
13.1 Menyatakan Lembaga Perlesenan Fasalitas Bahan
Letupan.

13.2 Menyatakan Prosedur Perlesenan Fasalitas Bahan
Letupan.

13.3 Menyatakan Prosedur Perlesenan Tidak Memenuhi
Kriteria yang diperlukan.

13.4 Melaksanakan Method for Culculating Maximum
NEQ.

13.5 Menyatakan Authorised Used.

13.6 Melaksakan Authorised Used.

13.7 Menyatakan Perlesenan Fasalitas Bahan
Letupan.

Hasil Pembelajaran 14 : Menyatakan Explosive Handling for Storages

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Kriteria Penilaian: 14.1 Menyatakan Condition of Storage.

14.2 Menyatakan Prority Of Covered Storage.

14.3 Menyatakan Relaxed And Special Condition of
Storage.

14.4 Menyatakan Isolation And Segregation Of
Explosive.

14.5 Menyatakan Stacking And Handling of Explosive and
Their Component.

14.6 Menyatakan Handling of Explosive.

14.7 Menyatakan Explosive Handling for Storages.

Hasil Pembelajaran 15 : Menyatakan Packaging of EO
Kriteria Penilaian:
15.1 Menyatakan Packing and Unpacking of EO.
15.2 Menyatakan Sealing of Packaging.
15.3 Menyatakan Marking And Labelling Of Explosive

Ordnance And Packages
15.4 Menyatakan Packaging of EO.

Hasil Pembelajaran 16 : Menyatakan Inspection Of Explosive Areas And
Kriteria Penilaian: Danger Buildings

17.1 Menyatakan Inspection Of Explosive Ordnance
Facilities.

17.2 Menyatakan Danger Building Log Book.
17.3 Melaksanakan Danger Building Log Book.
17.4 Menyatakan Inspection Of Explosive Areas And
Danger Buildings.

Hasil Pembelajaran 18 : Menyatakan Pemeriksaaan Bahan Letupan

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Kriteria Penilaian: 18.1 Menyatakan Senggaraan dan Pemeriksaan
Teknikal Ordnan Letupan.

18.2 Menyatakan Pemeriksaan Tahunan Pengurusan
Bahan Letupan Dan Fasilitas Bahan Letupan.

18.3 Menyatakan Performa Associated With EO
Inspection.

18.4 Melaksanakan Penyediaan Explosive Ordnance
Inspection Form (TUB 20-0293).

18.5 Menyatakan Annual/Special Inspection Of
Explosive (TUB 20-0143).

18.6 Melaksanakan Annual/Special Inspection

Of Explosive (TUB 20-0143).

18.7 Menyatakan Pemeriksaaan Bahan Letupan.

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DANGER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Reference:

A. (AP 110A-0102-1B) Section B Leaflet B3
B. PU 201630 Part 2 Leaflet B3 - Explosive Regulations

INTRODUCTION

1. Danger buildings are divided into 4 main types namely magazines, storehouses,
laboratories and process building.

Flammable Materials

2. Flammable materials are to be used as little as possible and those which of necessity
are used are to be fireproofed by an approved process or covered with fire resisting
material. Hardwood is considered to be sufficiently fire resistant not to require
treatment. The use of tar, bitumen or any flammable material, with the exception of
asphalt as a water seal on roofs and walls is forbidden.

Bonding of Metal

3. All metal used in the construction of a danger building, including the reinforcement
in concrete structures, is to be effectively bonded to the lightning protection system.

Earthing Requirements

4. When specified, storage and process buildings are to be fitted with a copper
earthing strip, continuous around the walls at a height of approximately 1m. This
earthing strip is to be bonded to the lightning protection system.

Floors

5. For explosives storehouses and process buildings, the floors are to be of
concrete on a hard core base. To make such floors dust free they are to be treated
with sodium silicate or other similar approved substance. The floors of laboratories are
also to be of concrete but are to be surfaced with an approved gritless covering or
alternatively well-fitted linoleum may be used. Precautions are to be taken to prevent
explosive dust getting under a semi-permanent floor covering. The strength of the
floors is to be such that they will withstand the required loading densities. An entrance
step can protect stock against contamination, its height should not exceed 75mm and
ramps must always be provided.

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6. The floors of any building in which EED, or stores containing EEDs, are
inspected, tested or prepared are to be of the conducting type (0 to 5 x 104 ohms).
Where there are mains electrical supplies in the work area or procedures require the
use of mains energized test equipment, earth leakage circuit breakers are to be fitted
to the supplies whenever this is technically possible. When not possible the floors are
to be of the anti-static type (5 x 104 to 2 x 106 ohms). The conducting material used for
either type of floor is to be bonded to the lightning protection system of the building. As
an added precaution against electric shock, a notice prohibiting the use of non-
authorised electrical equipment is to be displayed. Personnel test meters are to be
used when provided.

Walls

7. Reinforced concrete is normally the preferred material for wall construction but
brickwork and in certain cases light frangible materials.

Roofs

8. The roofs of buildings within an explosives are are preferably to be either all heavy
or all light. A heavy roof being one concrete at least 150mm thick or its equivalent.

Doors

9. Doors are to be constructed of 6mm steel, 40mm hardwood with and external
covering of 1.6mm steel sheet or to meet specific design criteria. Doors are normally
to open outwards, however if sliding doors are provided they are to be fitted with or
have an outward escape door immediately adjacent.

10. More than one escape door may need to be provided in large buildings to meet

the criterion that no escape route is to exceed 12m. Escape doors are not normally to
be fitted with locks but are to have bolts on the inside and be provided with ‘bales’ type

catches which will operate by internal pressure on any part of the door.

Locks

11. The physical construction of doors and the type of explosives to be held in a
building can influence the type of locking system chosen. Building housing V&A
explosives are to be fitted with one of the following double lock system listed in order
of priority:

a. 2 Rim Locks or,

b. 1 Mortice and 1 Rim Lock or,

c. 2 Padlocks

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12. Buildings which do not house V&A explosives are to be fitted with one lock from
above list in the same order of priority. If however the door construction dictates, 2
locks may be necessary.

Windows

13. Windows should not normally be provided, but if they are, they are to be of the non-
opening type and are to be glazed with wire obscured glass. They are normally to be
positioned to avoid the entry of direct sunlight into the building.

Ventilation

14. High and low level ventilators are to be provided in all buildings which are not
air conditioned. The ventilators may be either controllable from the exterior of the
building or of a permanent open type such as honeycomb brick. But where necessary,
small mesh metal grilles are to be provided to prevent sabotage devices being thrown
into the buildings.

15. Design and construction requirements common to most explosive ordnance
buildings together with construction requirements for special purpose buildings, are
also described in this leaflet. This leaflet should be read in conjunction with Part 2
Leaflet EI where the Quantity-Distance required for the relevant buildings and traverse
combinations are given.

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Types of buildings are as follows:

Liqht Structure

16. A light structure is one built of light and preferably frangible materials which will not
produce dangerous fragments as a PES. As an ES such a structure would probably
but any debris produced would be unlikely to initiate explosives or seriously harm
personnel within it. However, this type of structure provides little resistance to high
velocity fragments as an ES and should be traversed, particularly if it is to be used as
a process building.

Medium Wall Building

17. A medium wall building is one with 225 mm solid brick or 275 mm cavity brick walls
and a 150 mm reinforced concrete roof. As a PES this type of building will not produce
heavy debris but is likely to collapse as an ES.

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Heavy Wall Building

18. A heavy wall building is one with 680 mm solid brick or 450 ns reinforced concrete
walls and a 150 mm reinforces concrete roof. As a PES this type of building will trap
most high velocity fragments but will produce a large amount of heavy debris. As an
ES it will prevent Initiation of explosives by resisting high velocity fragments; however
it may collapse and damage stocks as it is not resistant to blast.
This type of building does not normally require a traverse as the walls fulfil this function.

Earth Covered Building

19. An earth covered building includes any structure which has earth backed walls and
at least 600 mm of earth cover on the roof. The earth slope is dependent on the type
of material used for the covering but a reasonable range is 26 to 36 deg. As a PES it
will trap most high velocity fragments and reduce the blast effects but will produce a
substantial amount of debris. As an ES it will behave similarly to a heavy wall building.

Igloo

20. An igloo is an earth covered building specifically designed to resist blast and high
velocity fragments so that the contents will not be initiated or seriously damaged.
Generally, igloos are constructed of corrugated steel and/or reinforced concrete with a
reinforced concrete headwall and blast resistant doors. As a PES or ES it has the
properties of an earth covered building but owing to its blast resistance has the
additional advantage of giving stocks virtually complete protection against initiation.
The only disadvantage is the amount of heavy debris produced by an explosion which
therefore necessitates a large minimum IBD.

Process Building

21. Under this general heading are included all buildings in which explosives are
worked on or in which explosives or weapons are prepared for use. A process building
may be constructed in the same way as any of the types of building described in this
paragraph. As a PES a process building is considered as a storehouse, but as an ES
it normally requires a greater QD than IMD in order to provide protection to personnel
rather than to protect against initiation of explosives.

Inhabited Building.

22. An inhabited building contains people but not explosive ordnance. It could be
situated inside the explosive area, eg general office, workshop, guard house, etc but
the term is usually applied to buildings used by the general public (but includes Married
Quarters on military establishments) outside the explosive area. In either case the
structure is not designed to resist blast or projections and hence a large QD is required.
This is known as the Inhabited Building Distance.

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23. The glazing of inhabited buildings is particularly vulnerable to blast effects and
even at a distance of 2 1/2 x Inhabited Building Distance there is still some risk from
flying glass.

24. All inhabited buildings within the explosives area should be designed to resist
blast and projections. However, where the" risk from a fragment strike is fairly low, light
frangible structures might be considered as a cheaper alternative.

25. The standard of construction of buildings within the explosives area which are
normally unmanned, eg; plant rooms, electrical sub-stations, pump houses, etc should
be commensurate with the importance attached to the survival of the buildings and
contents. The standard might range from a 'light frangible' to a 'heavy protected'
structure.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

26. In addition to the general construction features already specified in this leaflet
there are further requirements for buildings to house certain stores, as follows:

a. Storehouse for Self-Propulsive Missiles. A building to house
selfpropulsive missiles should be strong enough to resist their thrust. The most
suitable storage for such weapons is a bunker type building. This is a specially
designed reinforced concrete building the roof of which is to be covered by a
minimum of 600 mm of earth, with the entrance protected with heavy doors and
traverses. Such a building nay be above ground or semiunderground. Where
bur.ker type buildings are not available the missiles may be anchored to the
building structure or stored nose down so reducing the risk of the missiles
escaping. For horizontal storage the walls are to be strong enough to resist the
thrust of a missile alternatively if the walls are not strong enough, the missiles
are to be stored so that they point at a vertical faced traverse positioned
sufficiently close so that forward movement is arrested before the missile is
armed. The venturi from one missile is not to be pointed at the open venturi of
any other missile.

b. Belt Filling Rooms. A belt filling room is to be built o 225 mm solid brick
or its equivalent and a 150 mm reinforced concrete roof. I It may form part of a
station armory provided it is used only for SAA. There is to be no direct access
from any room which contains weapons. The correct quantity distances are to
be applied for a belt filling room used for other than SAA.

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LIGHT FRANGIBLE STRUCTURE

MEDIUM WALL BUILDING

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HEAVY WALL BUILDING

EARTH COVERED BUILDING OR IGLOO

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MISSILES PREPARATION BUILDING

WALL
TRAVERSE

AMMO WORKSHOP

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INHABITED BUILDING

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

POTENTIAL EXPLOSION SITES

TRAVERSES

Reference:
A. (AP 110A-0102-1B) Section B Leaflet B4
B. PU 201630 Explosive Regulations Part 2 Leaflet B 4.

INTRODUCTION

1. A traverse is a natural ground feature artificial mound, barricade or wall which
is capable of preventing the direct communication of explosion by high velocity
projections from one quantity of explosive ordnance to another although it may be
destroyed by blast.

FUNCTION OF TRAVERSES

2. An effective traverse are interception high velocity projection from PES to ES by
propagation of explosion. The traverse must have sufficient resistance to reduce speed
of high velocity projection. When traverse destruction by blast remain substantially
intact to achieve its purpose. An effective traverse also reduces the number of high
velocity projection may endanger personal and ES of both inside and outside the
explosive area. It is secondary function.

3. Traverses will also protect personnel from high velocity missiles, intercept
lobbed fragments, and shield an Exposed Site (ES) from blast and flame. However,
the primary function of a traverse is to prevent the initiation of explosives stored nearby.

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVERSE TYPES

4. Traditionally traverses have been classified into four types accordingly to the
nature of protection provided. It is not always possible to distinguish clearly between
types as their functions merge according to their position relative to the potential
Explosion Site (PES). However it is still considered that the classification by function
is useful because it indicates a mature of the traverse strength required. The types of
traverse are as follows:

Receptor Traverse

5. A receptor traverse protects the explosives within the PES it surrounds from
direct attack by high velocity fragments and debris projected from an explosion in an
adjacent facility. This type of traverse can be used for PES where the explosive
quantities are too large for an interceptor traverse to be effective. A receptor traverse
should be as close as possible to the PES it is protecting.

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Interceptor Traverse

6. An interceptor traverse is designed to protect explosives positioned outside
such a traverse from direct attack by low angle high velocity fragments caused by an
explosion from within. The traverse can be undermined by the crater and destroyed by
the blast loading, but it must remain in position long enough to intercept and slow down
fragments before it collapses. To be effective a traverse of this type must be massive
and hence may be uneconomic for large quantities of explosives.

Container Traverse

7. A container traverse is designed to contain the high velocity fragments projected
from an explosion within it. It protects personnel and ES in the vicinity from the effects
of an internal explosion, and must therefore remain substantially intact after an
explosion. This is practical only for small quantities of explosives (Less than 1100Kg)
and therefore may be usable only around certain process buildings.

Screening Traverse

8. A screening traverse is designed to protect inhabited buildings from high velocity
fragments. If it is located at the PES, to be effective it must be high enough to intercept
all fragments projected at 40° or less,: and remain substantially intact after an
explosion. The 40° line is measured from the centre of the top of the explosives stack
if the roof is lightweight and from the centre of the roof if it is not lightweight
construction.

Types of Constructional Design of Traverses

9. There are 6 constructional designs of traverses. These are shown in Annex A
to this leaflet and are described as follows:

a. I Double slope mound.

b. II Single slope vetica1 face (or partial vertical face
màund).

c. III Steep double slope mound or ‘Chilworth’ type.

d. IV ‘Bunker’ building or ‘combined’ traverse. This includes fully
buried not more than 600mm below ground.

e. V Wall traverses: brick, reinforced concrete,
earth/sand sandwich between concrete and steel.

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f. VI Natural features of site eg Hillocks. These are to be the same
as a type 1 at a minimum size.

Position of Traverses

10. A traverse should be positioned as close as practicable to the explosive stack it
protects in order to give maximum shielding from high velocity fragments and to
minimise its size. The traverse toe or face should be positioned 1 metre from’ the stack
of explosives or wall of any building it protects. However, access for stock and/or
building maintenance may require a greater distance and hence a larger traverse.

Earth Traverses

11. Geometry - Height Proper traverse geometry is necessary to reduce the risk
that high velocity projections will be able to escape above or around the ends of the
traverse.

12. Alternatively a traverse may also be built with a minimum traverse width of 2.4
metres at a level equivalent to the maximum height of the explosives, or if this height
is variable, the height of the eaves of the building which the traverse protects. The
traverse is also to project a further minimum of 600mm above whichever of these levels
apply.

13. Geometry - Leigth If a traverse does not completely surround the PES it
protects, it is to exceed, without any reduction in overall height, sufficiently beyond the
sides of the PES to give complete geometric cover with regard to other PES/ES. This
length of a traverse is subject to an overriding minimum extension of 1 metre either
end of the traverse on all traversed sides of the PES.

14. Materials When a traverse is acting in the interceptor role, it is probable that its
material may be dispersed by an explosion and this material will present a
fragmentation hazard. These fragments may initiate adjacent explosives and present
a fragmentation hazard to personnel. To minimise this, materials to one of the following
specifications (in order of preference) are to be used in the construction of an earth
traverse:

a. Well Graded Sand.

b. Well Graded Gravelly or Clayey or Silt Sand.

c. In Organic Fill.

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Other Traverse Materials
15. When brick, concrete or steel is used to support the vertical face of a Type II or III
traverse their effectiveness in stopping high velocity fragments is increased compared
with earth. This effectiveness can be quantified as 4, 6 and 24 times respectively and
the traverse thickness may be reduced accordingly. However, the equivalent mass of
an interceptor traverse should not be reduced below 2.4 meters of earth at the top level
of the stack or eaves of the PES.

Annex A

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Annex
B

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Annex
C

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Annex
D

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Annex

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Annex
E

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Annex

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Annex
F

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

QUANTITY DISTANCE

Reference:

A. AP 110A-0102-B SECTION E Leaflet E3
B. PU 201630 Part 2 Leaflet E 1

Quantity Distance

1. The minimum permissible quantity distance between Potential Explosions Site
(PES) containing a given quantity of explosives ordnance and Exposed Site (ES).
Quantity Distance (QD) are applied to all stocks of explosives, whether in buildings,
open stacks, vehicles, railway wagons etc.

Potential Explosion Site (PES)

2. The cavern, chamber, building, cell or stack which or is intended to contain the
explosive under consideration.

Exposed Site (ES)

3. A magazine, storehouse, cell stack, truck or trailer loaded with explosive,
process building, transit, inhabited building, assembly place or public traffic route
which is exposed to the effects of an explosion (or fire) at a Potential Explosion Site
(PES).

4. The QD for a particular HD may be dependent on one or more of the following
factors:

a. The NEQ at the Potential Explosive Site (PES) and the type, sensitiveness and
packaging of the explosives at the Exposed Site (ES).

b. The type, use and method of construction of both the PES and the ES.

c. The presence of effective traverses.

d. The level of protection required.

e. The adequacy of fire fighting arrangements.

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5. The QD are fundamentally dependent upon the Hazard Division (HD) of the
explosives (except for HD 1.4 which has fixed minimum distances instead of QD) and
are as follows:
a. Inside Quantity Distance (IQD) – Are the minimum distances to be observed

between PES and process buildings. There are 2 types of IQD for each HD:
i. Inter Magazine Distance (IMD) - IMD are the minimum
distances to be observed between PES and ES that contain
explosives.
ii. Process Building Distance (PBD) - PBD are the minimum

distances to be observed between PES and process building or between
process building. They are intended to give a reasonable degree of protection
for personnel within the process building from effects of a nearby explosion.
b. Outside Quantity Distance (OQD) - Are the distances to be observed between PES
and ES such as public roads, railways, inhabited buildings and other buildings,
generally outside the explosives area which are used by the general public and the
service .There are 2 types of OQD for each HD:

i. Public Traffic Route Distance (PTRD) – Is the distance to be
observed between the PES and public traffic routes examples of
which are road, railways and waterways.

ii. Inhabited Building Distance (IBD) – Are the distances to be
observed between PES and inhabited buildings examples places of
assembly and caravan sites.

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