৩৭. মিলিন্দ-প্রশ্ন

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2 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ cÖ_g cÖKvk t- cÖeviYv c~wY©gv, 2521 ey×vã; 1977 L„óvã cÖKvkK t- kÖxgr Ávbb›` gnv¯’wei, ag©vavi †eŠ× MÖš’ cÖKvkbx 1, eyw×ó †U¤új óªxU, KwjKvZv-700012

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4 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ wb‡e`b ÒgnvcwÐZ ag©vavi gnv¯’wei nxiK Rb¥RqšÍx Drme D`&hvcb KwgwUÓi D‡`¨‡M weMZ 19-21†k wW‡m¤^i, 1976Bs KwjKvZvq cwÐZ cÖei kÖxgr ag©vavi gnv¯’wei g‡nv`‡qi nxiK Rb¥RqšÍx Drme gnvmgv‡iv‡ni mwnZ D`&hvwcZ nq| †eŠ× ag© mvwnZ¨ I `k©‡bi GKwbô †meK evsjv fvlvq †eŠ× ag© I mvwnZ¨ welqK cÎ cwÎKv I MÖš’vw` cÖKvk‡bi Ab¨Zg †nvZv GB ¯^bvgL¨vZ gnv¯’wei g‡nv`‡qi ¯§„wZ h_v_© ¯’vqx iƒc w`evi gvb‡m K…Zm¼í nBqv Avgiv D³ RqšÍx KwgwUi K‡qKRb m`m¨ wKQyw`b c~‡e© †eŠ× ag©v¼zi wenv‡i mw¯§wjZ nBqv me© m¤§wZµ‡g Òagv©avi †eŠ× MÖš’ cÖKvkbxÓ bv‡g GKwU cÖKvkb-ms¯’&v MVb Kwi| Avgv‡`i gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ cigcyR¨ gnv¯’wei g‡nv`‡qi MÖš’vw` cybgy©w`ªZ Kiv, Zvunvi AcÖKvwkZ iPbvejx cÖKvwkZ Kiv, mgMÖ cvwj mvwnZ¨ Ges ms¯‹…Z †eŠ×mvwn‡Z¨i mgyj e½vbyev` cÖKvk Kiv Ges †eŠ× ag© I `k©bwelqK Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq MÖš’vw` cÖKvk Kiv (cÖavbZevsjv fvlvq)| GB Òwgwj›` cÖkœÓ Gi e½vbyev` cÖKvk Avgv‡`i cÖ_g cÖ‡Póv| Òwgwj›` cÖkœÓ Gi e½vbyev` gnv¯’wei g‡nv`‡qi K‡qK eQ‡ii cÖ‡Póvi cÖZ¨ÿ dj| GB RvZxq MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev` Kiv †h wK Kómva¨ e¨vcvi Zvnv cvwj-mvwnZ¨- wekvi` gvÎB AeMZ Av‡Qb| GB MÖš’ ïay †h AvKv‡iB eo Zvnv b‡n, Bnvi fvlv I RwUj, welq I RwUj| A‡kl hZœ jIqv m‡Z¡I †ek wKQy gy`ªY- Î wU iwnqv wMqv‡Q, GBRb¨ Avgiv `ytwLZ| cwiwkóvs‡k Avgiv GKwU ïw×cÎ ms‡hvwRZ Kwiqv w`qvwQ| MÖ‡š’ AviI Ab¨vb¨ cÖKv‡ii Î wU wePz¨wZ _vwKqv hvIqv Am¤¢e b‡n, hvnv Avgv‡`i `„wó‡MvPi nq bvB| Avgv‡`i GB Î wUmg~n D‡cÿv Kwiqv GB MÖš’cv‡V cvVKMY hw` wKwÂr DcK…Z nb Zvnv nB‡jI Avgv‡`i kÖg I A_©e¨q mv_©K nBqv‡Q ewjqv g‡b Kwie| Avgv‡`i cig †mŠfvM¨, ivóªxq ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ Ges cwðge‡½i wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ms¯‹…Z-Aa¨vcK GKwbô mvi¯^Z-mvaK ¯^bvgab¨

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6 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ fywgKv cvwjfvlvq iwPZÔwgwj›`cT‡nvÕ (msÔwgwj›`cÖkœtÕ) MÖš’Lvwb cÖvPxb fviZxq gbxlvi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wb`k©biƒ‡c we‡k¦i cwÐZ mgvR KË…©K mgv`„Z nBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| hw`I GB wbeÜwU g~j †eŠ×M‡bi (Buddhist CanonicaI Literature) AšÍfy³ b‡n, Z_vwc Bnvi †MŠie †eŠ×M‡biB mg‡MvÎxq| cvwjfvlvq iwPZ nB‡jI Bnvi iPbv¯’j wmsnj b‡n- fviZ Ges Lye m¤¢eZt Kvk¥x‡iB GK ev GKvwaK †eŠ×Pv‡h©¨i GKK mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póvq Bnv iwPZ nBqvwQj-BnvB cvwjmvwnZ¨-we‡klÁ cwÐZm¤cÖ`v‡qi AwfgZ| iPwqZvi bvgI AÁvZ| iPbvKvjI mywbwðZfv‡e Rvwbevi Dcvq bvB| Z‡e Bnv †h Lªxóxq cÖ_g kZK ev Zvnvi wKwÂr c~e©eZ©x mg‡qi iPbv BnvB we‡klÁ cwÐZM‡Yi cÖPwjZ mv¤úÖwZK gZ1 | eyׇNv‡li wmsnjMg‡bi wZbkZ nB‡Z PvwikZ ermi c~‡e©B GB MÖ‡š’i msKjbKvh© mgvß nBqvwQj A‡b‡KiB GBiƒc aviYv| eyׇNvlK…ZÔwemyw×gM‡MvÕi mwnZ GB MÖ‡š’i mv`„k¨ _vwK‡jI wPËweïw× m¤úv`‡bi w`‡K jÿ¨ ivwLqvB cÖavbZ ˆbwZK DrKl© mva‡bi w`‡K jÿ¨ ivwLqv eyׇNvl Zuvnvi MÖš’ iPbv KwiqvwQ‡jb| wKš‘Ôwgwj›`cT‡nvÕ MÖš’Lvwb‡Z †eŠ×M‡Yi `vk©wbK ZË¡¸wji wePvi-we‡kølY, Ges wewfbœ ¯’‡j cÖKxY© AvcvZwe‡ivax wm×všÍ¸wji g‡a¨ mgš^q ¯’c‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wRÁvmyM‡Yi eyw×i D‡b¥l, ˆek`¨ I ˆ¯’h© m¤úv`bB iPwqZvi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ wQj ewjqv †eva nq| cÖL¨vZ cwÐZ I. B. Horner h_v_©B gšÍe¨ Kwiqv‡QbÍÔÔ... the basis spproach and the appeaI of the Milinda-panho are on an intellectual and not a meditational plane. 2 Ó hw`I †eŠ× wÎwcUK wgwj›`cT‡nvÕi g~j wfwË, Z_vwc me©vw¯Íev`- m¤cÖ`v‡qi `vk©wbK wm×v‡šÍi mwnZ cwiP‡qi bvbv wb`k©b Bnvi g‡a¨ QovBqv Av‡QÍcwÐZM‡Yi M‡elYvi d‡j Bnv my¯úófv‡e cÖgvwbZ nBqv‡Q| 2 gnvivR wgwj›` I f`šÍ bvM‡m‡bi g‡a¨ M‡íi K‡_vcK_‡bi mvnv‡h¨ †eŠ× AvMg‡bi wewfbœ weZ©wKZ welq¸wji Dci Av‡jvKcvZ KivB GB MÖš’msKj‡bi D‡Ïk¨| wgwj›` MÖxK HwZnvwmKM‡Yi DwjøwLZ king 1 . A. L, Basham; The Woner that India, London, 1954, pp. 227, 174. 2 . miltnda`s Quesions, vol. l., Translator’ s Introduction, p. xxi (sacred Books of the Buddhists, vol. 33, London 1963)

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 7 Menander| Zuvnvi Avwef©veKvj mywbwðZfv‡e wbשvwiZ bv nB‡jI, AvbygvwbK L„óc~e© wØZxq kZvãxi ga¨fvM| Ajm›`v Øx‡c Zuvnvi Rb¥| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki DËi cwðg mxgv‡šÍ Kveyj I Dnvi PZy®úvk©eZx© fyL‡Ð Zuvnvi ivR¨ we¯Í…Z wQj| MvÜvi cÖ‡`‡k cy®‹jveZx I Zÿwkjv ch©¨šÍI †h GKmg‡q Zuvnvi AwaKvi cÖmvwiZ nBqv‡Q, Bnv Zuvnvi bvgvw¼Z ag©Pµ (?) −jvwÃZ eû msL¨K gy`ªvi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvwYZ nBqvwQj| Z‡eÔmvMjÕ (ev sialkot), †hLv‡b f`šÍ bvM‡m‡bi mwnZ Zuvnvi mvÿvrKvi N‡U, Dnv Zuvnvi AwaK…Z f‚L‡Ði AšÍify©³ wQj wKbv ejv KwVb| †eŠ×ag© I `k©b wel‡q Zuvnvi wRÁvmv ZrKvjxb GKRb hebvwacwZi c‡ÿ mZ¨B we¯§qKi| cvwjÔwgwj›`cT‡nvÕ MÖ‡š’i bvM‡m‡bi wbevmÔKR½jÕ bvgK GK eªvþY-MÖvg GBiƒc Kw_Z nBqv‡Q| Acic‡ÿ GB MÖ‡š’i PxbvfvlvšÍ‡i Zuvnv‡K Kvk¥x‡ii Awaevmx ejv nBqv‡Q| bvM‡m‡bi HwZnvwmKZ¡ m¤^‡Ü Aek¨ cwÐZM‡Yi h‡_ó HKgZ¨ bvB| 3 Ôwgwj›` cT‡nvÕ MÖ‡š’ QqwU wefv‡Mi D‡jøL †`wL‡Z cvIqv hvqÍ(1) c~e©‡hvM, (2) wgwj›`-cÖkœ, (3) jÿY cÖkœ, (4) †gÐK-cÖkœ, (5) Abygvb-cÖkœ, Ges (6) DcgvK_v|ÔwegwZ‡”Q`b-cÖkœÕ GesÔgnveM©‡hvwMK_vÕÍGB `yBwU AevšÍiwefv‡Mi D‡jøL¨I †`Lv hvq| wgwj‡›`i cÖkœ msL¨v m¤^‡ÜI bvbviƒc gZ‡f` cÖPwjZ| †Kv_vI Dnv 304, †Kv_vI ev 262, Avevi †Kv_vI 175 wU ewjqv D‡jø&L Kiv wMqv‡Q| Z‡e MÖš’wU †h cy‡e© Amgvß Ae¯’vq wQj, Ges wewfbœ Kv‡j wewfbœ fvlvq Abyev` Ges cÖwZwjwc-‡jL‡bi wfZi w`qv g~j MÖš’wU †h Bnvi cÖvPxb iƒc AweKjfv‡e iÿv Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB, †m wel‡q †KvbI m‡›`n bvB| g~j MÖ‡š’i fvlv wK wQj, ZvnvI GLb ejv KwVb| nqZÕ g~j ms¯‹„Z nB‡Z cv‡i Bnv cvwj‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ nBqvwQj| ZrKv‡j cÖPwjZ †KvbI GK cÖvK…Z fvlv nB‡Z Bnvi iƒcvšÍiI Am¤¢e bq| L„óxq Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg kZãx‡Z Bnv wZbevi Pxbvfvlvq Abyw`Z nq| eªþ‡`k, wmsnj Ges k¨vg‡`‡kI Bnvi ZˇÏkxq fvlvq Abyev` RbwcÖqZv AR©bK‡i| ey× I †evwamË¡M‡bi ¯^iƒc I ˆewkó¨Ôwgwj›` cÖ‡kœÕ bvbvfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| Bnv Qvov, †eŠ× AbvZ¥ev`, Rb¥všÍi, Kg©ev`, wbe©v‡bi ¯^iƒc , An©‡Ë¡i jÿY cÖf…wZ eû M¤¢xi wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv GB MÖ‡š’i †MŠie e„w× Kwiqv‡Q| wKš‘ me©ÎB Av‡jvPbvi f½x AwZ mim, ü`qMÖvnx Ges me©Rb‡eva¨| `yiƒZ‡Ë¡i Dc‡`kI bvbv `„óvšÍ, AvL¨vwqKv, Dcgv cÖf…wZ mvnvh¨ Ggbfv‡e Kiv nBqv‡Q †h mK‡jB Zvnvi Zvrch©¨ Abyaveb Kwi‡Z

8 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ mg_© nB‡Z cv‡i| K‡_vcK_‡bi mvnv‡h¨ GBfv‡e ey‡×i †`kbv I Zuvnvi cÖewZ©Z Avh©¨ Aóvw½K gvM© I Dnvi cig MšÍe¨ jÿ¨ wbe©vY m¤^‡Ü GBiƒc g‡bvÁ I M¤¢xi Av‡jvPbv cÖvPxb fviZxq gbxlvi D¾¡jZg I mv_©KZg ev gq cÖKvkiƒ‡c †h cwiMwbZ nB‡e, Bnv‡Z we¯§‡qi wKQy bvB| Õwgwj›`cT‡nvÕ MÖ‡š’i mvwnwZ¨K DrKl© K‡_vcK_‡bi Q‡j `yiƒn Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jvPbvq Awfbe f½xi cÖkw¯Í‡Z cvðv˨ cwÐZeM© gyLi| winternitz Bnvi m¤^‡Ü ewjqv‡QbÍæwell able to bera comparison with the Dialogues of plato” Òlt is indeed a mastarpiece of ancient lndian prose” Aa¨cK Rhys Davids Bnvi m¤^‡Ü gšÍe¨ Kwiqv‡QbÍÒl venture to think that the ‘Questions of milinda` is undoubtedly the masterpiece of lndian prose; and indeed is the best book of its class from literary point view; thet then been produced in any country.Ó Òlt contains the views of the Buddha set out, as they appeared to his very earliest disciples in a series of 185 conversational discourses, which will some day come to holda place in the history of human thought, akin to that held by the Dialogues of plato” †cø‡Uvi wek¦weL¨vZ Dialogues MÖ‡š’i mwnZ wgwj›`cÖ‡kœÕi GB Nwbô mv`„k¨ cvðv˨ cwÐZ m¤cÖ`vq‡K GZB we¯§qvweó Kwiqv‡Q †h, †eei cÖgyL †Kn †Kn Bnvi Dci †cø‡Uvi MÖ‡š’i cÖfve Kíbv Kwi‡ZI cðvrc` nb bvB| wKš‘ iPbvi GB ˆkjx, fvlvi GB cÖmbœ FRyZv, Dcgv, `„óvšÍ I AvL¨vwqKvi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvP¨ welq‡K me©RbMÖvn¨ Kwievi GB Avðh©¨ f½x fviZxq AvPvh©¨M‡Yi wbKU eû cye© nB‡ZB mycwiwPZ| Dcwbl‡`i AmsL¨v eª‡þv`¨RvZxq ev‡KvevK¨, cvwj wÎwcU‡Ki AšÍM©Z ey×I Zuvnvi wkl¨M‡Yi g‡a¨ AMwYZ msjv‡c, `vk©wbK I Ava¨vwZ¥K ZË¡v‡jvPbvq GB c×wZ my®úó| Bnvi Rb¨ MÖx‡mi wbKU fvi‡Zi AagY©Z¡ cÖgvY Kwievi †Póv nvm¨ven| GB cÖm‡½ Aa¨vcK winternitz Gi mywPwšÍZ AwfgZ D×vi‡hvM¨ÍÒThis is however unlikely if only because the milindapañha dialogua has so many models in the dialogues of the Upanisads, in the ascetic poetry of the Mahãbhãrata and in the Tripitaka, that there is no reason for supposing a Greek prototype. Neither does the milindapanha show any trace whatsoever of a knowlege of the Greek language or of the Greek world of thought.” AvaywbK evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ kÖxgr-iwPZ kÖxkÖxivgK…ò-K_vg„ZÕ MÖ‡š’i iPbvi mwnZ Bnvi mv`„k¨I jÿ¨ Kwievi gZ| 4 hw`I wgwj›`cT‡nv-i q ‡ivc I Gwkqvi wewfbœ fvlvq G ch©šÍ eû

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 9 Abyev` cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q e‡U, Z_vwc evsjv fvlvq GB g~j¨evb MÖš’Lvwb m¤ú~Y© Abyev` GZw`b ch©¨šÍ Avgv‡`i wbKU AcÖvc¨ wQj| 1908 L„óv‡ã cwÐZ weay‡kLi kv¯¿x gnvkq Bnvi wKq`s‡ki cÖ‡hvRbxq wUàbx-mn e½vbyev` cÖKvk KwiqvwQ‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ `yt‡Li welh Dnv AmgvßB _vwKqv hvq| 1931 L„ó‡ã AMÖgnvcwÐZ cÖÁv‡jvK gnv¯’wei Bnvi mswÿß e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ K‡ib `yB L‡Ð| wKš‘ eûw`b nB‡Z BnvI `y®cÖvc¨| AZ¨šÍ Avb‡›`i K_v †h †eŠ×kv‡¯¿ cwÐZ agv©avi gnv¯’wei g‡nv`q evsjv fvlvq GB MÖ‡š’i GKwU m¤ú~Y© Abyev` cÖYqb Kwiqv‡Qb| Bnvi Øviv †KejgvÎ e½fvlvfvlx †eŠ×m¤cÖ`vqB †h DcK…Z nB‡eb Zvnv b‡n, cÖvPxb fviZxq ag© `k©b I ms¯‹…wZ m¤^‡Ü hvunv‡`iB JrmyK¨ Av‡Q GBiƒc mKj e½evmxB GB MÖš’ cvV Kwiqv cwiZ…wß jvf Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb, Ges ˆbwZK I Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZi GKwU ivRc_ Bnvi Øviv Zuvnv‡`i wbKU Db¥y³ nB‡e| fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ GKwU mygnvb& gnxiæn&, Bnv nB‡Z KZ wewPÎ kvLv wbM©Z nBqv‡Q KZ wewPÎ cy®ú-dj-cjø‡ei mgv‡iv‡n Bnv mg„×, KZ Zvc`» Rxe GB cÖvPxb eb¯úwZi mywbweo wø» Qvqvq wekÖvwšÍ jvf Kwiqv `ytL·qi Dck‡gi Rb¨ mvabvq wbgMœ nBqv‡Qb| †eŠ× I ˆRb ms¯‹…wZI †mB g~j cÖvPxb ms¯‹…wZiB wewfbœ iƒcgvÎ-mK‡jiB jÿ¨ÔAceM©Õ evÔwbe©vYÕÔ iæPxbvs ˆewPΨv`„RyKzwUj-bvbvc_Rylvs b„Yv‡g‡Kv Mg¨¯Í¡gwm cqmvgY©e Be|ÕÔwgwj›`cT‡nvÕ-I Dcwbl`& fMe˜MxZv I a¤§c‡`i gZB fviZxqM‡Yi Aa¨vZ¥-wRÁvmv-cwiZ…wßi cÖK…ó mvab| GB RvZxq GKLvwb MÖ‡š’i m¤ú~Y© e½vbyev` cÖbq‡Yi Øviv gnv¯’wei ag©vavi Aa¨vZ¥imwccvmy evOvjxgv‡ÎiB K…ZÁZvfvRb nB‡eb| Avkv Kwi Bnv wkwÿZ evOvjxgv‡Îi wbKU mgv`„Z nB‡e Ges fMevb Z_vM‡Zi mgybœZ I myM¤¢xi ˆbwZK, Ava¨vwZ¥K I `vk©wbK gZev‡`i mwnZ wfbœag©vej¤^x e½evmxi cwiPq mva‡b mnvqZv Kwi‡e| Avwg kÖ‡×q gnv¯’wei‡K Zuvnvi GB mv_©K cÖ‡Póvi Rb¨ Avgvi AvšÍwiK mvayev` I Awfb›`b Ávcb Kwi‡ZwQ Ges GB Avkv †cvlb Kwi‡ZwQ †h Bnvi Øviv ag© gZwbwe©‡k‡l wkwÿZ e½evmxgvÎB cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi Ab¨Zg cÖavb ms¯‹…wZ I Dnvi evnb¯^iƒc cvwjfvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i PP©vi cÖwZ mgwaK AvK…ó nB‡eb| ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡R, kÖxweòzc` fÆvPvh© KwjKvZv 1/9/77

10 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ gyLeÜ †Kej gvÎ GKwU MÖš’ Aa¨vqb Kwiqv ey‡×i ag© I `k©b m¤^‡Ü huvnviv cÖPzi AwfÁZv mÂq Kwi‡Z cÖqvmx nb, Zuvnv‡`i c‡ÿ we‡k¦i cy¯ÍK-fvÐvi nB‡ZÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ Aa¨vqb e¨ZxZ Aci †Kvb Dcv‡`q MÖš’ bvB| GB MÖ‡š’ †eŠ×a‡g©i †hB mKj Mfxi I RwUj Z‡Ë¡i mgš^q NwUqv‡Q, Avi †Kvb MÖ‡š’ Zvnv nq bvB| mgMÖ †eŠ× kv¯¿ Abykxjb Kwiqv GB a‡g©i wbM p ZË¡ Dcjwä Kiv mnRmva¨ b‡n| GB MÖ‡š’i cÖkœ¸wj Zxÿ , eyw×`xß I RwUj Ges mgvavbmg~n †ek ewjó fvlvq hyw³m½Z Dcv‡q Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| ÔK_veÌyÕ,Ôweïw×gvM©Õ IÔmvimsMÖnÕ-Gi b¨vq GB MÖ‡š’i cÖvgvwYKZv †Kvb As‡k Kg b‡n| Ggb wK AvPvh© eyׇNvl †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q Zuvnvi gZ cwiõzU Kwievi wbwgË weïw×gv‡M©i K‡qK¯’v‡b wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi cÖgvY DׄZ Kwiqv‡Qb| cieZ©x eû `vk©wbK cwÐZ I Zuvnv‡`i MÖ‡š’i wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi D`vniY w`qv‡Qb| †eŠ× RMZ GB MÖš’‡K AwZkq kÖ×vi `„wó‡Z †`wLqv _v‡Kb| GZw`b Bnv wÎwcU‡Ki AšÍfz©³ bv _vwK‡jI weMZ AvovB nvRvi cwiwbe©vY A‡ã eªþ‡`‡ki †i½y‡b AbywôZ hô m½xwZ‡Z Bnv‡K wÎwcU‡Ki AšÍM©Z Kiv nBqv‡Q| ivRv wgwj›` I gnvcwÐZ bvM‡m‡bi cÖ‡kœvËi ev K‡_vcK_‡bi f½x‡Z AwZ mijfv‡e †eŠ× `k©b I b¨v‡qi RwUj ZË¡¸wj Bnv‡Z Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| m~Î wcU‡Ki A‡bK m~Î Aek¨ GB f½x‡Z iwPZ| Ri_y‡óªi ag©MÖš’Ô†R›`v‡e¯ÍvÕ Gi Z…Zxq fvMÔew›``v`ÕI GBiƒc cÖ‡kœvˇi RMZ I Rxeb m¤úK©xq hveZxq ZË¡K_vi msKjb| `vk©wbK †cø‡UvI Zuvnvi Dc‡`kvejx K‡_vcK_‡bi ixwZ‡Z cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb|Ôwgwj›` cÖkœÕ ÑG cÖvP¨ cvðvZ¨ Dfq aviviI mw¤§jb NwUqv‡Q| Ôwgwj›` cÖkœÕ-Gi Bs‡iRx Abyev` MÖ‡š’ cÖvP¨ fvlvwe` Mr. T. w. Rhys DaVids ewjqv‡QbÍÒAvgvi `„p wek¦vm, fviZxq M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i g‡a¨Ôwgwj›` cÖkœÕ wbtm‡›`‡n GK Dcv‡`q Ae`vb| Avi ZrKvjxb we‡k¦i †h †Kvb †`‡k iwPZ GB cÖKvi MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ mvwnwZ¨K `„wóf½xi w`K w`qv Bnv h_v_©B †kÖô MÖš’|Ó `xN© QwÎk ermi ivR‡Z¡i ci 150 L„ó c~e©v‡ã mgªvU cyl¨wg‡Îi g„Zz¨

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 11 nq| Zrci DËi fvi‡Zi kvmbKZ©v e¨vK&wUªqvi MÖxKivRv‡`i g‡a¨ wgwj›` (Menander) †ek cÖwZcwËkvjx nBqvwQ‡jb| Zuvnvi ivR¨mxgv cvÄv‡ei GK e„nËi Ask nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv MvÜvi (eZ©gvb †c‡kvqvi), DËi-cwðg mxgv‡šÍi cÖZ¨šÍevmx‡`i †`k, wmÜzi wKq`sk Ges `wÿY-cwð‡g wKQy`yi ch©šÍ we¯Ívi jvf KwiqvwQj| Zuvnvi ivRavbx wQj mvMj bMi, eZ©gvb ga¨ cvÄv‡ei wkqvj‡KvU| GB m¤^‡Ü eZ©gvb MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ ewY©Z nBqv‡Q| Rvbv hvqÍivRv wgwj›` Ajm›`v Øx‡ci Kjmx bvgK MÖv‡g Rb¥ MÖnY KwiqvwQ‡jb| GB Ajm›`v fviZe‡l©i wmÜzb`xi Øxcw¯’Z Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv iƒ‡c ¯^xK…Z nBqv‡Q| Zuvnvi Rb¥f‚wg Kjmx MÖvg (178c„t 24cs) m¤¢eZ Karsi| Avi g~jMÖ‡š’ †h K‡qKRb Agv‡Z¨i bvg cvIqv hvq cwÐZ‡`i g‡Z Zuvnv‡`i g‡a¨ †`egwšÍq I AbšÍKvq (57c„t 1cs) h_vµ‡g Demetrious Ges Antiochos| wgwj‡›`i ivRavbx mvMj (mskvKj) bMi MÖxK‡`i Euthumedia nB‡Z Awfbœ| GB BD_ywgwWqv cwðg fvi‡Zi K‡Kkvm ce©‡Zi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| eZ©gv‡b Bnv PvwiKvi MÖvg bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges Kveyj I cg&R‡mi b`xi ga¨eZ©x A‡j Aew¯’Z| wgwj›` bicwZ L„t c~t 140 nB‡Z 110 c~e©vã ch©šÍ ivRZ¡ KwiqvwQ‡jb| wgwj‡›`i ivR‡Z¡i ga¨fv‡M wZwb AvPvh© bvM‡m‡bi m‡½ wgwjZ nb, Ges GB mKj cÖkœÕ K‡ib| AbygvwbK, L„t c~e© 125 A‡ã ¯’wei bvM‡mb GBÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ iPbv K‡ib| GB weL¨vZ heb bicwZ bvg óªv‡ev, cøyUvK©, †UªvMvm, Rvwób cÖf„wZ cÖvPxb †jLKMY D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb| cÖvPxb †eŠ× RbkÖæwZ‡ZI GB wgwj›` bvgwUi D‡jøL iwnqv‡Q| Z_vwc Bnvi gvZvwcZv I cÖ_g Rxe‡bi cwiPq my¯úó b‡n| óªv‡ev I cøwiqv‡mi †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, cwðg fvi‡ZI wmÜz‡`‡k wWwgwUªqv‡mi ˆmb¨ cwiPvjbvi fvi wQj A¨v‡cv‡jv‡WvUv‡mi Dci, Avi c~e©-fvi‡Z ˆmb¨ cwiPvjbvi fvi wQj wgwj‡›`i Dci| myZivs †hŠe‡b wZwb ˆmb¨ cwiPvjbvi e„wË MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb, Bnv g‡b Kiv hvq| wgwj‡›`i ˆmb¨ cwiPvjbvi ˆbcyY¨ mgªvU wWwgwUªqvm GZ gy» nB‡jb †h, Ae‡k‡l wZwb Zuvnvi Kb¨v AvMv‡_vwK¬qv‡K wgwj‡›`i nv‡Z mgc©Y Kwiqv Zuvnv‡K RvgvZv Kwi‡jb| AZtci wgwj‡›`i †mŠfvM¨ AviI AwaKZi e„w× cvBj| AbygvwbK L„óc~e© 165 A‡ã wWwgwUªqv‡mi g„Zz¨ nq| wWwgwUªqv‡mi g„Zz¨i ciB fvi‡Z wgwj‡›`i ivRZ¡ Avi¤¢ nq| GB mgq nqZ A¨v‡cv‡jv‡WvUv‡mi m‡½I Zuvnvi msNl© nBqv _vwK‡e| wZwb `wÿ‡Y ivRcyZvbv I c~‡e© A‡hva¨vi wfZ‡i †ek wKQy As‡k AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi K‡ib| wZwb AšÍZt wÎk ermi ivRZ¡ KwiqvwQ‡jb| L„óc~e© cÖ_g kZvãxi Avi‡¤¢i

12 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ c~‡e©B wZwb Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib| BwZnv‡m bvbvfv‡e Zuvnvi bvg cvIqv hvq wKš‘ mg¨K& cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv|Ô†cøwiqvm©Õ- Gi †jLK D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb evwiMvRv‡Z (eZ©gvb †eªvP-G) cÖvPxb MÖxK gy`ªvÔ`ªvK&gxÕi cÖPjb Av‡Q, GB mKj gy`ªv‡Z A¨v‡jKRvÐvi, wWwgwUªqvm, A¨v‡cv‡jv‡WvUvm I wgbv›`‡ii Qvc Aw¼Z Av‡Q| ivRv wgwj›` m¤^‡Ü me©v‡cÿv cÖvgvwYK welq nBj Zuvnvi cÖPwjZ gy`ªvmg~n AvR ch©šÍ Zuvnvi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji ewÎkwU gy`ªv Avwe®‹…Z nBqv‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ AwaKvskB iRZ I Zvgª wbwg©Z| AvUwU gy`ªvq ivRvi wPÎ iwnqv‡Q| GB¸wj DËi fvi‡Zi cwð‡g Kveyj nB‡Z c~‡e© g_yiv, Dˇi Kvk¥xi ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z f‚fv‡Mi g‡a¨B cvIqv wMqv‡Q| GB¸wj Øviv Abygvb Kiv hvq †h Zuvnvi ivR¨mxgv †ek cÖmvwiZ wQj| V. smith Gi Early History of India MÖ‡š’ wgwj‡›`i GKwU gy`ªv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| Dnvi GKw`‡K Zuvnvi MÖxev ch©šÍ g~wZ© Aw¼Z Av‡Q| Bnvi Qwe GB gyLe‡Ü mwbœ‡ewkZ nBj| GB gy`ªvi Dci ivRvi cÖwZK…wZ AwZ PgrKvi, AvqZ bvwmKv, my›`i †Pnviv, Qwe AwZkq mRxe g‡b nq| †Kvb †Kvb gy`ªvi cÖwZK…wZ ZiæY eq‡mi Avi wKQy wKQy †cŠpI e„×ve¯’vi| Bnv‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq wgwj‡›`i ivRZ¡Kvj †ek `xN©¯’vqx wQj| gy`ªv¸wji GK c„‡ô MÖxKfvlvq Ges Aci c„‡ô Z`vbxšÍb cvwj fvlvq †jLv Av‡Q| GKweskwZZg gy`ªvi Dci Av‡Q| GK c„‡óÍewm‡jIm †mvwU‡ivm †gbv‡›`ªŠ Ab¨ c„‡óÍgniRm Z`ªZm †gb›`ªm| ‡Kvb †Kvb gy`ªvi Dci avegvb Ak¦, Dóª, n¯Íx, k~Ki, Pµ A_ev ZvjcÎ DrKxY© ev †ÿvw`Z Av‡Q| Pµ Aw¼Z gy`ªvØviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, ivRv wgwj‡›`i Dci †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖfve Aek¨B cwoqvwQj| †Kbbv Pµ (ag©Pµ) ey‡×i a‡g©i cÖavb wPý| mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki wbwg©Z cÖ¯Íi ¯Í‡¤¢I Aci wPýmg~‡ni wKQy wKQy Ask †`Lv hvq| †Kej GKwU gy`ªv Aci¸wj nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| BnvØviv mgw_©Z nq †h, ivRv wgwj›` †eŠ× ag© MÖnY KwiqvwQ‡jb| Dnv‡Z Aw¼Z Av‡Q : GK c„‡óÍewm‡jIm wWKvBIm †gbv‡›`ªŠ Aci c„‡óÍgniRm awg©Km †gb›`ªm| GB †ÿ‡ÎÔawg©KmÕ k‡ãi A_©Ôavwg©Km¨Õ| †eŠ× mvwn‡Z¨ DcvmK ivRvi wbwgË me©`vÔa¤§ivRÕ kã cÖ‡qvM nBqv _v‡K| mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki bvg nBqv wMqv‡QÔag©v‡kvKÕ| myZivs GB gy`ªv Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq ivRv wgwj›` Aek¨B

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 13 ¯^-ag© Z¨vM Kwiqv‡Qb Ges we‡e‡Ki Kwócv_‡ii cixÿv-wbixÿv KwiqvB ey‡×i ag© MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb| cvwjÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ-Gi wbMg‡b D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, ivRv wgwj›` gnvcwÐZ bvM‡m‡bi AvPvi-AvPiY, eyw×-‰bcyY¨ I cÖZz¨rcbœgwZ‡Z¡ gy» nBqvwQ‡jb| wZwb Ae‡k‡l †NvlYv Kwi‡jbt ÒDcvmKs gs f‡šÍ bvM‡mb av‡i_ A¾ZM&‡M cvYy‡cZs miYs MZwšÍÓ ÑA_©vrÔcÖfy bvM‡mb, AvR nB‡Z Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©šÍ Avgv‡K kiYvMZ DcvmK iƒ‡c MÖnY KiæY| Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡` †k‡l D³ nBqv‡QÍbvM‡m‡bi cÖ‡kœvˇi mš‘ó nBqv ivRv Zuvnv‡K kZ mnmª g~‡j¨i K¤^j Øviv c~Rv Kwiqv‡Qb Ges Z`ewa cÖwZw`b ivRcÖvmv` nB‡Z AvUkZ wfÿzi Rb¨ Lv`¨-‡fvR¨ cvVvB‡Zb| ïay Zvnv b‡n, Zrci ivRvÔwgwj›` wenviÕ bv‡g GK msNvivg wbg©vY KivBqv Zuvnvi cvÎ-wgÎmn mw¤§wjZ fv‡e ¯’wei bvM‡mb cÖgyL wfÿzmsN‡K mgc©Y KwiqvwQ‡jb Ges eû msL¨K wfÿz mn bvM‡mb‡K Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vbI wPwKrmv GB PZzwe©a cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ Øviv †mev cwiPh©v Kwi‡Zb| AviI cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb, wZwb wcÄive× wms‡ni b¨vq DwØMœwP‡Ë Mvn©¯’¨ AvkÖ‡g evm Kwi‡Z‡Qb| hw` mbœ¨vm MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM jvf nq Z‡e wZwb wb‡R‡K ab¨ g‡b Kwi‡eb| e„× eq‡m Zuvnvi †mB msKí c~Y© nBqvwQj| cvwjÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ-Gi wbMg‡b AviI †`Lv hvq wZwb cy‡Îi nv‡Z ivR¨fvi Ac©Y Kwiqv wfÿzeªZ Aej¤^b Kwiqv‡Qb Ges we`k©b fvebv Kwiqv An©r ev Rxeb¥y³ nBqv‡Qb| ag©Rxe‡b GBiƒc DbœZ nBqvwQ‡jb ewjqv g„Z¨yi ci Zuvnvi †`nve‡kl jBevi wbwgË cÖRv‡`i g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ PvÂj¨ I msNl© †`Lv w`qvwQj| †jv‡Kiv Zuvnvi f¯§ve‡k‡li Dci eo eo ¯‘c wbg©vY Kwiqv‡Q| †`nve‡k‡li ¯‘c wbg©vY †eŠ×‡`i cÖPwjZ cÖ_v| Bnv‡ZI cÖgvwYZ nq ivRv wgwj›` wbðq †eŠ×a‡g© `xwÿZ nBqvwQ‡jb| wKQy msL¨K PZz‡®‹vY Zvgªgy`ªvi †mvRvwc‡V wki¯¿vY cwiwnZv bvixgywZ© Aw¼Z Av‡Q| i¨vcmb mv‡ne Bnv‡K wgwj‡›`i gwnlx ivYx AvMv‡_vwK¬qv ewjqv wb‡`©k K‡ib| GBm, Gb, nÞbI GB gZ `„pfv‡e mg_©b K‡ib| Uvb© Gi weei‡Y Av‡iv Rvbv hvq, AvMv‡_vwK¬qv nB‡jb wWwgwUªqv‡mi Kb¨v Ges AvMv‡_vKj&‡mi fwMbx| Avevi KZ¸wj PZz‡®‹vY Zvgªgy`ªv †`Lv hvqÑAMv‡_vwK¬qv I Zuvnvi bvevjK cyÎ cÖ_g Uªv‡evi bv‡g gyw`ªZ nBqv‡Q| Zvnv‡Z AvMv‡_vwK¬qvi g¯ÍK wki¯¿vbgwÐZ wKš‘ g~KzU cwiwnZ b‡n| GB gy`ªv¸wji mvnv‡h¨ AbywgZ nq †h AvMv‡_vwK¬qv Zuvnvi bvevjK cy‡Îi cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c wKQyKvj ivRZ¡ KwiqvwQ‡jb| cÖ_g Uª‡evi GB bvevjKZ¡

14 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ wgwj‡›`i AKvjg„Z¨y A_ev msmvi Z¨v‡Mi Cw½Z †`q| ivRv wgwj›` we‡`¨vrmvnx, b¨vqcivqb I RbwcÖq wQ‡jb| †`e, cyivb, `k©b cÖf„wZ DbweskwZ kv‡¯¿ wZwb mycwÐZ wQ‡jb| `vk©wbK wePv‡i Zuvnvi AwZkq wbcyYZv wQj| †mB mg‡q A‡bK eo eo weØvb Zuvnvi mwnZ ZK© Kwi‡Z fq Kwi‡Zb| ZK©hy‡× wZwb wQ‡jb Aciv‡Rq| GB MÖ‡š’ ivRv wgwj›` I ¯’wei bvM‡m‡bi cÖkœË‡ii eY©bv iwnqv‡Q| a¤§msMwYi A_©K_v AÌmvwjbx Abymv‡i cÖkœ cuvP cÖKvitÍA`„ó cÖKvkb, `„ómsZzjb, wegwZ‡”Q`b, Aby‡gv`b I K‡_v‡b”Qvi cÖkœ&| (1) mvaviYZt †Kvb wel‡qi jÿY AÁvZ _v‡K, Dnv Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiv nq| Bnv A`„ó cÖKvk‡bi cÖkœ| (2) ¯^fveZt jÿY Rvbv Av‡Q ....†m Zvnv Ab¨ cwЇZi m‡½ hvPvB Kwievi B”Qvq cÖkœ K‡i| Bnv `„ó msZzjb cÖkœ| (3) ¯^fveZt mskq cÿ, wegwZ ev wØavMÖ¯Í nq, †mB wegwZ Acbq‡bi wbwgË cÖkœ wRÁmv Kiv nq| Zvnv wegwZ‡”Q`b cÖkœ| GB bv‡g GB MÖ‡š’ GKwU cwi‡”Q` iwnqv‡Q| (4) fMevb wfÿz‡`i Aby‡gv`‡bi wbwgË cÖkœ K‡ib,ÔwfÿzMY, †Zvgiv wK g‡b Ki, iƒc¯‹Ü wbZ¨ wK AwbZ¨?Õ ÒAwbZ¨ f‡šÍ!ÓÔhvnv AwbZ¨ Zvnv `ytL wK myL?Õ Ò`ytL f‡šÍ!Ó hvnv AwbZ¨, `ytL I cwiYvgkxj Zvnv Avgvi, Zvnv Avwg, Zvnv Avgvi AvZ¥v, GBiƒc Kíbv Kiv DwPZ wK?Ó Òbv, f‡šÍ!Ó Bnv Aby‡gv`b cÖkœ| GBiƒc eû cÖkœ Kwiqv cwÐZ bvM‡mb ivRv wgwj‡›`i Aby‡gv`b Av`vq Kwiqv‡Qb| (5) fMevb Ávcb Kwievi B”Qvq wfÿzw`M‡K cÖkœ Kwi‡Zb| ÒwfÿzMY! GB PvwicÖKvi ¯§„wZ Dc¯’vcb wK?Ó Bnv K‡_v‡b”Qvi cÖkœ| mgMÖ wgwj›` cÖ‡kœ GB cuvP †kÖYxi cÖkœ Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| cwÐZ‡`i aviYv †hÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ g~jZt DËi fvi‡Z L„óxq kZvãxi cÖvi¤¢ mg‡q ms¯‹…Z wKsev cÖPxb D`xP¨ cÖvK…Z fvlvq wjwLZ nBqv‡Q| gnvg‡nvcva¨vq kÖxweay‡kLi kv¯¿xi †jLv nB‡Z Rvwb‡Z cviv hvq †h, wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `k‡K kÖxKvIqv¸wP bvgK GKRb Rvcvbx †eŠ× cwieªvRK fviZ, †bcvj I wZeŸ‡Z ågY Kwiqv‡Qb| wZwb Z_v nB‡Z msM„nxZ cy¯ÍKvejxi GK ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| †mB ZvwjKvi g‡a¨Ôwgwj›` cÖkœÕÔcwic„”QvÕ bv‡g GK Lvwb cy¯Í‡Ki D‡jøL iwnqv‡Q| m¤¢eZt Bnv ms¯‹…Z wKsev Mv_v ms¯‹…Z fvlvq msKwjZ nBqvwQj| hw` KL‡bv D³ MÖš’ gyw`ªZ nBqv cÖKvwkZ nq Z‡e cwÐZ mgvR GB MÖš’ m¤^‡Ü mwVK weeiY Rvwb‡Z cvwi‡eb| m¤cÖwZ Bnv Rvcv‡b iwÿZ Av‡Q| Pxbv fvlvq wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi †h cÖ_g Abyev` Av‡Q, Dnv Abyw`Z nBqvwQj

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 15 AvbygvwbK 3q-4_© Lªxóv‡ãi g‡a¨| Zrc~‡e© wbðqB Bnv iwPZ nBqvwQj| Bnvi Pxbv bvgÒbv-‡m-wc-Kz-wKbÓ A_©vrÔbvM‡mb wfÿzi m~ÎÕ| GB cy¯Í‡K †gvU QvweŸkwU c„ôv Av‡Q| 1ÑBnvi c~e©‡hvM cvwj wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi c~e©‡hvM nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ ai‡bi| Bnv evwn‡ii welq; Kíbv-wbf©i iPbv| 2ÑGB MÖš’ cvwj wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q` A_©vr jÿY cÖkœ ch©šÍ hvnv GB Abyev‡`i 99 c„ôvq †kl nBqv‡Q| 3ÑBnvi cÖ‡kœvËi¸wj cÖK„Z c‡ÿ GB ch©šÍB wQj| Bnv‡Z fvlv I cÖKvkf½xi ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq| Pxbv fvlvqÔbvM‡mb wfÿz m~‡ÎiÕ c~e©‡hvM ms‡ÿ‡c GBiƒctÍGK mgq fMevb ey×Ôwmq-IG-‡KvK&Õ (kÖew¯Í‡Z) evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| wfÿz-wfÿzYx I DcvmK-DcvwmKv Øviv RbmgvKzj _vKvi aiæb ZLb Zuvnvi gb DwØMœ nBqv D‡V| wZwb wbe„Z ev‡mi wbwgË mg¯Í Z¨vM KwiqvÒcvi‡jv‡Pv½ïÓ (cvwi‡jq?) bvgK Ai‡Y¨ wMqv GK eUe„‡ÿi bx‡P a¨vbgMœ nBqv Dc‡ekb Kwj‡jb| Zuvnvi cv‡k¦© Aci Ai‡Y¨ GK n¯ÍxivR cuvPkZ AbyP‡ii m‡½ evm KwiZ| n¯ÍxivR I Rb †Kvjvnj wei³ nBqv AbyPiw`M‡K Z¨vM K‡i Ges fMev‡bi mgx‡c Avwmqv evm Kwi‡Z _v‡K| fMevb ey× n¯ÍxivR‡K Lye Av`i Kwi‡Zb| n¯ÍxivR Z_vq eûw`b fMev‡bi †mev K‡i| fMevb †mB ¯’vb nB‡Z cÖ¯’vb Kwi‡j n¯Íxiv‡Ri g‡b cÖej we‡”Q` hš¿Yv nq| giY ch©šÍ †m fMevb ey‡×i ¯§„wZ ¯§iY Kwi‡Z _v‡K| ciR‡b¥ n¯ÍxivR gvbyliƒ‡c GK eªvþY cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| eo nB‡j Zvnvi g‡b ˆev‡M¨i mÂvi nq| wZwb mbœ¨vm MÖnY Kwiqv †Kvb ce©‡Z mvabv Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| †mB cvnv‡o Avi GK Rb mbœ¨vmx _vwK‡Zb| Df‡qi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡ R‡b¥| Dnv‡`i GKRb Aci‡K ewj‡jb, ÒfvB! msmvi eoB †`v‡li AvKi, Bnv bvbv `yt‡L cwic~Y©| GB Kvi‡Y wbe©vY kvwšÍi Avkvq Avwg mbœ¨vm MÖnY Kwiqv eªþPh© cvjb Kwi‡ZwQ|Ó Aci Rb ewj‡jb, ÒAvwg GB Kvi‡Y mbœ¨vm Rxeb hvcb Kwi‡ZwQ †h, hvnv‡Z GB cyb¨d‡j fvexRxe‡b †jvKweRqx mgªvU nB‡Z cvwi|Ó ciR‡b¥ Dnv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb mgy‡`ªi ciZx‡i ex-bb (wgwj›`) bv‡g ivR Kzgvi nB‡jb| AciRb wK-wcb-Kzb (wngvjq) cÖ‡`‡k KR½j MÖv‡g Rb¥ MÖnY Kwi‡jb| Zuvnvi R‡b¥i w`‡bB Z_vq GK n¯Íx kve‡Ki Rb¥ nq| mvaviYZt nvZx‡K bvM ejv nq| GB ms‡hv‡Mi aiæb Zuvnvi bvgÔbvM‡mbÕ

16 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ ivLv nBj| c~e© R‡b¥ wbe©vY jv‡fi cÖej B”Qvi aiæb evj¨Kvj nB‡Z wZwb mbœ¨vm MÖnY Kwi‡jb| bvM‡m‡bi gvZzj †jvnb ev †ivnb GKRb wm× cyiæl wQ‡jb| evjK bvM‡mb gvZz‡ji m‡½ ag©kv¯¿ Aa¨vqb K‡ib| bvM‡mb †ek cÖwZfvevb wQ‡jb| wZwb Aí mg‡q wkÿv mgvß K‡ib| wek eQi eq‡mÔ†nv-‡mbÕ wenv‡i Zuvnvi Dcm¤ú`v nq| wfÿz bvM‡mb wbe©vY gyw³i wbwgË `„p msKí Kwiqv evwni nB‡jb| ÑAewkó Ask cvwj ms¯‹i‡bi Abyiƒc| cvwj wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡`i †k‡l D‡jøL Av‡QÍÔwgwj›` ivRvi cÖ‡kœi DËi mgvß|Õ Pxbv ms¯‹i‡Y GLv‡bB MÖš’ †kl nBqv‡Q| ZLb ¯’wei bvM‡mb wfÿvcvÎ I Pxei jBqv DwV‡jb Ges hvBevi Rb¨ D`¨Z nB‡jb| ivRv wgwj›`I cÖvmv‡`i †ZviY ch©šÍ AvMgb Kwiqv Zuvnv‡K we`vq w`‡jb| Bnv‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq †h, g~j MÖš’ m¤¢eZt GB ch©šÍB wQj| cvwj ms¯‹i‡Y mwbœ‡ewkZ cieZ©x wZb cwi‡”Q`, (4) †gÐK cÖkœ (5) Abygvb cÖkœ I (6) DcgvK_v cÖkœ, ¯^Zš¿ MÖš’ Ges cieZ©x mg‡q mshy³ nB‡Z cv‡i| Dnv‡`i cÖPxbZ¡I Kg b‡n| †gÐK cÖ‡kœi Avi¤¢K_v ev f‚wgKv Ges DcgvK_v cÖ‡kœi welq-m~Px cÖgvY K‡i †h, Dnviv ¯^Zš¿ MÖš’| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ GB wZb cwi‡”Q` ¯’wei bvM‡mb I ivRv wgwj‡›`i ¯^vfvweK K‡_vcK_b wKbv ejv hvq bv| †gÐK cÖ‡kœi Dfq m¼U RbK cÖkœ Avi Dnvi †ivgvÂKi mgvavb AwZ PgrKvi| cÖwZ cÖ‡kœvˇi Mfxi wPšÍvi cÖPzi Dcv`vb iwnqv‡Q| Abygvb cÖ‡kœi ag©bM‡ii cwiKíbvi D”P ag©xq Av`‡k©i †`¨vZK| Ges DcgvK_v cÖ‡kœi gygyÿz e¨w³i wkÿYxq I MÖnYxq ¸Yvejx cÖK…wZi iv‡R¨ me©Î weivRgvb| GB ¸Yvejx wb‡Ri g‡a¨ iƒcvwqZ nB‡j gvbyl mn‡R weï× nB‡Z cv‡i| m¤¢eZt GB cwi‡”Q`¸wj Aci kvšÍwPË †Kvb †jL‡Ki †jLwb cÖmyZ| Avð‡h©i welq GB †h, GB mKj †jLK Zvnv‡`i K…wZi m‡½ bv‡gi †Kvb m¤úK© iv‡Lb bvB| BwZnv‡m bvbvfv‡e ivRv wgwj‡›`i bvg cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ Zuvnvi gvZvwcZvi cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv| cÖvPxb gy`ªv‡Z MÖxK fvlvq Zuvnvi bvgÔ†gbvÐviÕ †ÿ‡g‡›`ªiÔAe`vb KíjZvÕq bvg Av‡QÔwgwj›`ªÕ, wZeŸZxq ZvÄyi m¼j‡bi bvgI wgwj›`ª| wkj‡KvU †jLgvjvq GKUz gvwR©Z fvlvq Av‡QÔ†gbv›`ªÕ| cvwj I ms¯‹…Z ms¯‹Ki‡YÔwgwj›`Õ bvgB iwnqv‡Q| bv‡gi evbvb I D”PviY wewfbœ nB‡jI wbtmsk‡q Dnviv GKgvÎ B‡›`v-MÖxK& ivRv wgwj›`vi‡KB eySvB‡Z‡Q| ¯’wei bvM‡mb gnvhvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZôvZv mycÖwm× AvPvh© bvMvRy©b

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 17 nB‡Z ¯^Zš¿| wZwb wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k KR½j MÖv‡g eªvþY cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvnvi wcZvi bvg †mvbyËi| wngvj‡qi eZ©bxq AvkÖ‡g kÖ‡×q †ivnY ¯’wei Zuvnv‡K cÖeªR¨v `vb K‡ib| kÖvg‡Yi bvM‡mb Aí mg‡q Awfa‡g©i wbM p ZË¡ ¸iæi wbKU wkÿv K‡ib| GK DcvwmKv‡K a‡g©vc‡`k `vb Kwievi mgq wZwb wb‡RI †mªvZvcwË dj jvf K‡ib| eZ©gvb MÖ‡š’i c~e©‡hvM ivRv wgwj›` I wfÿz bvM‡m‡bi mswÿß cwiPq I DrcwËKvj wjwce× Av‡Q| wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi cvwj ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖvPxbZ¡ I HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡I Kg b‡n| Bnv cvwj fvlvq iƒcvšÍwiZ nBqv µgkt kÖxj¼vq DcbxZ nq| Z_vKvi †`vwY bM‡i †`vwY gnv‡_i Bnv mh‡Zœ wjwce× Kwiqv DËgiƒ‡c iÿv K‡ib| †`vwY ¯’wei cvwj Abyev`K wKbv ejv hvq bv| wmsn‡j Bnv weïw×gv‡M©i b¨vq gh©v`v jvf K‡i| AvPvh© eyׇNv‡li wmsnj Mg‡bi c~‡e© Bnv Z_vq we`¨gvb wQj| m¤¢eZt Pxbv Abyev‡`i mgmvgwqK Kv‡jB Bnv cvwj‡Z Ab w`Z nq| kÖxj¼v nB‡Z GB MÖš’ eªþ‡`k I k¨vg †`‡k cÖmvwiZ nBqv‡Q| H mKj †`‡k ¯’vbxq fvlvq Bnvi A‡bK Abyev` Av‡Q| †Kv_vI GB cÖvPxb MÖ‡š’i A_©K_v wKsev UxKv iwPZ nq bvB| eªþ‡`‡ki gv›`vjq bM‡i GK cy¯ÍKvj‡q wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi wUKv bvg †`wLqv Avgiv GK eB µq Kwi| myweavgZ mg‡q cwoqv †`wL †h BnvÔKwVb Pxei `v‡biÕ dj eY©bv| †_iev`x MÖš’ b‡n ewjqvB †eva nq Bnvi fvl¨ I UxKv wjwLZ nq bvB| K‡qK eQi Av‡M Aek¨ cvwj †UK&ªU †mvmvBwU nB‡ZÔwgwj›` UxKvÕ bvgK GKwU ÿz`ªvK…wZi MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q| Bnv GZB mswÿß †h g~j MÖ‡š’i welq Dcjwä‡Z †gv‡UB mnvqK b‡n| ey‡×i a‡g©i wewfbœ w`K m¤^‡Ü AbymwÜrmy ü`‡q hZ cÖKvi msk‡qi D`q nq, cÖkœ RvMÖZ nq, ivRv wgwj‡›`i g‡b †mB mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa| kÖ‡×q bvM‡mb hyw³h½Z fv‡e ivRvi mskq wbimb Kwiqv‡Qb, cÖ‡kœi m`yËi w`qv‡Qb| ms¯‹…Z I cvwj fvlvq cÖkœKZ©vi bvgvbymv‡i MÖ‡š’i bvg nBqv‡QÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ Avi Pxbv ms¯‹i‡Yi DËi `vZvi bvgvbymv‡i nBqv‡QÔbvM‡mb wfÿz m~ÎÕ| cÖwZwU RwUj cÖ‡kœi mgvavb K‡í ¯’wei bvM‡mb‡K bvbv hyw³, Dcgv I D`vniY w`‡Z nBqv‡Q| Bnv‡Z Zuvnvi fz‡qv`k©‡bi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| cÖkœivwRØviv cÖgvwYZ nq ivRv wgwj›` KZ eo cwÐZ wQ‡jb| GB MÖ‡š’i cÖkœKZ©v I DËi`vZv KvnviI K…wZZ¡ Kg b‡n| wmsn‡ji cvbv`y‡i mׇg©v`q cwi‡e‡Yi cÖwZôvZv I gnvPvh© cig kÖ‡×q Dc‡mb gnv‡_i wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi wKQy µzwU cÖ`k©b Kwiqv‡Qb| Kzgvi Kvk¨‡ci

18 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ Rb¥ m¤^‡Ü webq wcU‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, GK Mf©eZx bvix wfÿzYx ms‡N `xÿv MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb eywS‡Z cv‡ib bvB †h Zrc~‡e© Zuvnvi Mf© mÂvi nBqv‡Q| hLb Mf©jÿY cÖKvk cvq, ZLb mskq wbeviY K‡í wekvLv cÖf„wZ DcvwmKvMY cixÿvi ci e‡jb †h,ÔGB Mf© M„nx Ae¯’viÍwfÿzYx mg‡q b‡n|Õ h_vKv‡j †mB wfÿzYx GK cyÎ mšÍvb cÖme K‡ib| †KvkjivR ¯^qs wkïi fiY †cvl‡Yi fvi MÖnY Kwi‡jb| fMevb GB wkïi bvg ivwL‡jb Kzgvi Kk¨c| GB MÖ‡š’ Mf© mÂvi cÖ‡kœ Zvnv wfbœiƒ‡c ewY©Z nBqv‡Q| GB cÖ‡kœ AviI wKQy AevšÍi †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx hy³ nBqv‡Q hvnv †_iev` wKsev weÁvb m¤§Z b‡n| GB Kvi‡Y GB MÖ‡š’i Bs‡iRx Abyev`K Mr. Rhys Davids GB cÖ‡kœi Abyev` K‡ib bvB| ey‡×i me©ÁZv cÖ‡kœ †h mvZ cÖKvi wPË wefvM cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q Dnvi mwnZ iÿYkxj m¤cÖ`vq GKgZ b‡n| kÖveK ey‡×i An©Z-wPË DrcwËB Pig cwiYwZ| An©‡Zi c‡ÿ cÖ‡Z¨K ey× I mg¨K m¤^y‡×i wP‡ËvrcwËi Avi cÖ‡qvRb bvB| GB †kÖYxi wKQy gZ‡f‡`i `iæY gnvPvh© g‡nv`q Bnv‡K g~jZt †_iev` MÖš’ ewjqv ¯^xKvi K‡ib bvB| ‡hB mgq wgwj›` cÖkœ msKwjZ nq †mB mgq DËi fvi‡Z gnvmvswNK I me©vw¯Íev`x‡`i cÖvej¨ wQj| Zuvnviv cyivYKvi‡`i b¨vq A‡bK A‡jŠwKK NUbv wek¦vm Kwi‡Zb| myZivs Z`vbxšÍb gZev` I a¨vb-aviYv nB‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv Am¤¢e b‡n| GB mvgvb¨ Î wU-wePz¨wZ D‡cwÿZ nB‡j GB MÖ‡š’i Dcv‡`qZv I cÖvgvwYKZv Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Wt fxgivI Av‡¤^`Ki g‡nv`qÔey× I Zuvnvi ag©Õ bv‡g GK Dcv‡`q MÖš’ iPbv Kwiqv‡Qb| Dnv 1958 A‡ã gyw`ªZ nBqv‡Q| iÿYkxj gZev‡`i m‡½ Zvnvi wKQy wKQy Awgj †`Lv hvq| Zvnv e¨ZxZ MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv hy‡Mvc‡hvwMZv A¯^xKvi Kiv P‡j bv|Ôwgwj›` cÖkœÕ m¤^‡ÜI †mB bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨| GBÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ †eŠ× m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ggb GKwU MÖš’ hvnv Zuvnviv kÖ×vmnKv‡i me©`v Aa¨vqb K‡ib| GB MÖš’Lvwb Qq cwi‡”Q‡` Ges evBk e‡M© wef³| Bnv‡Z mwbœ‡ewkZ cÖkœ 262wU Avi AbvMZ cÖkœ 42wU, me©mvKz‡j¨ Bnv‡Z 304wU cÖ‡kœi mgvnvi I mgvavb iwnqv‡Q| GB cy¯ÍK †eŠ×‡`kmg~‡n ¯’vbxq fvlvq g~j I Abyev` mn cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q| 1880 L„óv‡ã Dr. V. Trenckner (Copenhagen) †ivgvb Aÿ‡i wgwj›` cÖ‡kœi GK DËg ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡ib| Zrci wmsn‡j Bnvi wKq`sk ¯’vbxq Aÿ‡i cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q| cÖvP¨we`¨vwe` Rhys Davids 1890 I 1894 L„óv‡ã Trenckner Gi cÖKvwkZ g~j Aej¤^‡b Sacred

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 19 Book of The East bvgK MÖš’ gvjvi `yB L‡Ð Bnvi Bs‡iRx Abyev` cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb| cvðvZ¨‡`‡k cwÐZ kÖxweay‡kLi kv¯¿x g‡nv`q 1908 L„óv‡ã Bnvi GK Z…Zxqvsk g~‡ji mwnZ e½vbyev` kÖxMM‡b›`ª bv_ VvKzi gnvk‡qi A_©vbyKz‡j¨ e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil` nB‡Z `yBL‡Ð cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb| eZ©gvb e½fvlvq BnvB me©cÖ_g Abyev`| 1931 L„óv‡ã AMÖgnvcwÐZ kÖ‡×q cÖÁv‡jvK gnv¯’wei g‡nv`q m¤ú~Y© MÖš’ `yB L‡Ð e½vbyev` K‡ib| Dnv PÆMÖv‡gi ivDRvb wbevmx I wbDw`jøx cÖevmx kÖ×vevb DcvmK kÖxme©vb›` eo~qvi e`vb¨Zvq gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| Dnv GZ ¯^ívqZb †h Abyev` A‡cÿv mswÿßmvi ejv P‡j| Bnv evsjv fvlvi wØZxq Abyev`| 1937 L„óv‡ã gnvcwÐZ wfÿz RM`xk Kvk¨c wnw›` fvlvq Bnvi GK cÖvÄj Abyev` K‡ib| gnv‡evwa †mvmvBwUi A_©vbyKz‡j¨ Bnv cÖKvwkZ nq| Bnv wnw›` fvlx‡`i AwZ RbwcÖq MÖš’ nBqv‡Q| 1951L„óv‡ã †bcv‡j `vbexi mvû fvRyiZœ KsmvKvi Øviv ag©`vb D‡Ï‡k¨ Bnvi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| Avgvi GB e½vbyev‡`i cÖ_g As‡k GB Abyev` MÖ‡š’i we‡kl mvnvh¨ MÖnY Kiv nBqv‡Q| Z¾b¨ Kvk¨cRxi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Ávcb Kwi| 1970 L„óv‡ã Aa¨vcK kÖxRMbœv_ cvVK gnvkq GB MÖ‡š’i wZb cwi‡”Q` A_©vr wegwZwe‡”Q`b cÖkœ ch©šÍ cybivq ms¯‹…Z Abyev` mn cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb| Dnv bebvj›`v gnvwenv‡ii cvV¨ ZvwjKvi AšÍM©Z Kiv nBqv‡Q| m¤cÖwZ 1972 mv‡j kÖx ax‡i›`ª bvivqY `vm AvB, G, Gm g‡nv`q Amxgqv fvlvq Bnvi A‡a©K Ask Abyev` Kwiqv‡Qb| gnv‡evwa †mvmvBwU Zvnv cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Q| wZwbI ivBm †Wwfm& Gi b¨vq Mf© mÂvi cÖkœ ev` w`qv‡Qb| Avmv‡gi cwÐZ mgvR GB MÖš’Øviv †ek DcK…Z nBqv‡Qb| evsjvfvlvq c~‡e©i Abyev`¸wj GLb mnRjf¨ b‡n| Z¾b¨ Avwg 1958 A‡ã Bnvi Abyev` Avi¤¢ Kwi| ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b `y‡e©va¨ welq‡K mnR‡eva¨ Kwievi Rb¨ Abyev` e¨vL¨vbymvwi Kivi †Póv Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bnv‡Z cÖK…Z A‡_©vØvi nBqv‡Q wKbv Zvnv myaxe‡M©i we‡eP¨| L„óag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ evB‡ej, cyw¯ÍKv, KZ weÁwß wewfbœ fvlvi Abyev` Kwiqv c„w_exi hÎZÎ webvg~‡j¨ weZwiZ nB‡Z‡Q| †mBiƒc kÖxj¼v, eªþ‡`k cÖf„wZ †eŠ×‡`‡k kÖ×vevb DcvmK-DcvwmKv wÎwcU‡Ki A‡bK eB webvg~‡j¨ weZiY Kwiqv _v‡Kb| AbvMvwiK ag©cv‡ji KwYô åvZv wgt †WwfZ †nevweZi‡Y Zuvnvi m¤úwË GB ewjqv DBj Kwiqv w`qv‡Qb †h, mgMÖ wÎwcUK MÖš’, A_©K_v, UxKv-wUàYxmn gyw`ªZ Kwiqv we‡k¦i mKj MÖš’vMv‡i `vb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Z`bymv‡i Zvnv Kiv nBqv‡Q| eªþ miKv‡ii Z`vbxšÍb

20 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ cÖavbgš¿x Dt byÔey× kvmb KvDw݇jiÕ gva¨‡g mgMÖ wÎwcUK MÖš’vejx gyw`ªZ Kwiqv we‡k¦i wewfbœ MÖš’vMv‡i `vb Kwiqv‡Qb| cwiZv‡ci welq e½‡`‡k cÖvPxbKvj nB‡Z †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x _vwK‡jI GLb ch©šÍ †eŠ×kv‡¯¿ cÖPvi Kvh© Avkvbyiƒc nq bvB| †eŠ× wgkb †cÖm, †hv‡M›`ª iƒcmxevjv Uªv÷ I wÎwcUK cÖPvi mwgwZ hw`I wKQy msL¨K eB gy`ªY I cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb Z_vwc Dnv ch©vß b‡n, myjfI b‡n| Zvnv wbt‡kl nBqv‡Q| ag©`vb I ag©cÖPv‡ii cÖwZ mvg_©¨evb‡`i AbyivM bv _vwK‡j ag©MÖš’ cÖKvk I cÖPvi Kiv Am¤¢e| hvnv wKQy nBqv‡Q `vZv‡`i kÖ×v`v‡bi ØvivB Zvnv m¤¢e nBqv‡Q| MÖš’ msKjb Kivi cwikÖg Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges Dnv gy`ª‡Yi A_©I msMÖn Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB wPšÍv _vwK‡j MÖš’Kv‡ii Drmvn `wgqv hvq| A‡bK †jL‡Ki cvÐwjwc cÖ¯‘Z Av‡Q| A_©vfv‡e Zvnv gyw`ªZ nB‡Z‡Q bv| µ‡g Zvnv bó nBqv hvB‡Z‡Q| GBÔwgwj›` cÖkœÕ cÖKv‡ki wej‡¤^i KviYI ZvnvB| K‡qKRb A_©evb e¨w³‡K Bnvi cÖKvk nBevi AvnŸvb Kiv nBqvwQj| mvov cvIqv hvq bvB| GB Ae¯’vq e½‡`‡k ag© wK fv‡e cÖPvwiZ nB‡e, wPšÍvi welq| A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq MÖš’ wØZxq ms¯‹iY gy`ª‡Yi A‡cÿvq iwnqv‡Q| ZvnvI A_©vfv‡e nB‡Z‡Q bv| GB cvÐywjwci cÖ_g w`‡Ki wKQy Ask my‡i›`ª bv_ K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK W±i kÖxmyavsk wegj eo~qv g‡nv`q‡K †`Lv‡bv nq| wZwb wKQy ms‡kvab K‡ib| Z¾b¨ Zuvnvi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK ab¨ev`| Zrci cvÐwjwci Kwc KwjKvZv ms¯‹„Z K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK W±i kÖxmy‡Kvgj †Pxayix‡K ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ †`Iqv nq| wZwb Zvnv †`wLqv gy`ª‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖ‡m †`b| Pvi dg©v gy`ª‡Yi ci Avgiv Rvwb‡Z cvwijvg †h MÖš’Lvwb gyw`ªZ nB‡Z‡Q| †mœ‡ni my‡Kvgj bv nB‡j Avgvi c‡ÿ GB eB †cÖ‡m †`evi mvnm nBZ bv| cvÐywjwc I cÖ d ms‡kvab nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv MÖš’ †mŠK‡h©¨i mKj cÖKvi `vq`vwqZ¡ wZwb MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb| Zvnv‡ZB Bnvi gy`ªY m¤¢e nBqv‡Q| Zuvnvi wbt¯^v_© †mevi Rb¨ ab¨ev` ch©¨vß b‡n| †k‡li w`‡Ki cvÐywjwci wKq`sk ms‡kva‡bi wbwgË †mœ‡ni kÖxAgj eo~qv‡K w`‡qwQjvg| wZwb Zvnv ms‡kvab Kwiqv‡Qb Ges Zuvnvi mnawg©Yx kÖxgwZ cÖwZgv eo~qv Zvnv gy`ª‡Yi Dc‡hvMx Kwiqv wjwLqv w`qv‡Qb| Z¾b¨ Zuvnv‡`i m‡øn ab¨ev`| Avgvi A‡šÍevmx wfÿz‡`i mnvqZvq gy`ªY mnR nBqv‡Q| Z¾b¨ Zuvnv‡`i D¾¡j fwel¨Z Kvgbv Kwi| AviI A‡bK mvwnZ¨vbyivMx GB Abyev‡`i Rb¨ Drmvn w`qv‡Qb, Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb, Z¾b¨ Zuvnv‡`i cÖwZ ï‡f”Qv iwnj|

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 21 KwjKvZv ivóªxq ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡Ri cwÐZcÖei cÖL¨vZ †jLK I mymvwnZ¨K gvbbxq kÖxweòzc` fÆvPvh© g‡nv`q GB MÖ‡š’i fywgKv wjwLqv w`qv Avgv‡K wPiK…ZÁZvcv‡k Ave× Kwiqv‡Qb| cwi‡k‡l e³e¨ GB †h, GZ kÖg I A_©e¨‡q †h MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nBj Zvnv mvaviY cvVK mgv‡Ri wbKU mgv`vi jvf Kwi‡j cwiYZ eq‡mi GB Acwimxg kÖg I A_©e¨q mv_©K nBqv‡Q g‡b Kwie| cÖeviYv c~wY©gv, ag©vavi gnv¯’wei KwjKvZv|

22 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ m~wPcÎ [evwnK_v] ............................................................................. 33 mvMj bM‡ii eY©bv ................................................................. 33 MÖ‡š’i wefvM ..........................................................................34 bvM‡mb I wgwj‡›`i c~e©‡hvM K_v ................................................34 c~iY Kvk¨‡ci wbKU ivRv wgwj‡›`i Mgb.......................................36 gK&Lwj †Mvkv‡ji wbKU ivRv wgwj‡›`i Mgb...................................36 Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸‡ßi wfÿzmsN AvnŸvb..............................................37 gnv‡mb †`ecy·K gbyl¨‡jv‡K AvMg‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv ....................... 38 †ivn‡Yi cÖwZ Ak¦¸‡ßi `ÐKg© `vb ..............................................39 bvM‡m‡bi Rb¥ .......................................................................40 bvM‡m‡bi mwnZ †ivn‡Yi wgjb ..................................................41 bvM‡m‡bi cÖeªR¨v ....................................................................43 bvM‡m‡bi Aciva I `ÐKg© .......................................................44 bvM‡m‡bi Dc‡`k `vb .............................................................45 bvM‡m‡bi cvUwjcyÎ Mgb..........................................................46 bvM‡m‡bi An©Z¡ jvf............................................................... 48 f`šÍ Avqycv‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡›`i wgjb .......................................... 48 Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb I ivRv wgwj‡›`i wgjb .......................................51 [jÿY-cÖkœ] [cÖ_g eM©] cÖÁwß cÖkœ.............................................................................54 el©MYbv cÖkœ ..........................................................................57 gxgvsmv cÖkœ...........................................................................57 AbšÍKvq cÖkœ .........................................................................59 cÖeªR¨v cÖkœ ............................................................................60 cÖwZmwÜ-cÖkœ..........................................................................61 †hvwbk gb¯‹vi cÖkœ ..................................................................61 gb¯‹vi jÿY cÖkœ....................................................................61 Kzkj-ag© cÖkœ.........................................................................62 kx‡ji jÿY ..........................................................................62

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 23 kÖ×vi jÿY ...........................................................................63 ex‡h©i jÿY...........................................................................64 ¯§„wZi jÿY...........................................................................65 mgvwai jÿY.........................................................................66 cÖÁvi jÿY...........................................................................66 bvbv a‡g©i GKxK…Z¨ wb®úv`b .....................................................67 [wØZxq eM©] ag©mšÍwZ (e¯‘i Aw¯ÍZ¡-cÖevn).....................................................68 cybR©b¥ m¤^‡Ü Ávb ..................................................................69 Ávb Ges cÖÁvi ¯^iƒc I D‡Ïk¨ .................................................70 Ain‡Zi myL-`ytL-AbyfzwZ cÖkœ ...................................................72 bvg-iƒ‡ci GKZ¡ I bvbvZ¡.........................................................73 bvM‡m‡bi cybR©b¥....................................................................76 bvg I iƒc ci¯úi AvwkÖZ.........................................................76 Kv‡ji welq ..........................................................................77 [Z…Zxq eM©] Kv‡ji g~j............................................................................ 78 Kv‡ji c~e© mxgv ..................................................................... 78 c~e© mxgvi mÜvb .....................................................................79 ms¯‹v‡ii DrcwË I wb‡iva........................................................ 80 fve nB‡Z fv‡ei DrcwË.......................................................... 80 ‡Kvb ÁvZv ev AvZ¥v bvB...........................................................82 PÿzweÁvbvw`i mwnZ g‡bvweÁv‡bi m¤^Ü....................................... 84 ¯ú‡k©i jÿY (¯^fve).............................................................. 87 ‡e`bvi jÿY........................................................................ 87 msÁvi jÿY......................................................................... 88 ‡PZbvi jÿY........................................................................ 88 weÁv‡bi jÿY ...................................................................... 88 weZ‡K©i jÿY ........................................................................89 wePv‡ii jÿY ........................................................................89 [PZz_© eM©] ¯úk©vw` ag©mg~n AwefvR¨..........................................................90 bvM‡m‡bi cÖkœ........................................................................90

24 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ [wegwZ we‡”Q` cÖkœ] [cÖ_g eM©] cÂvqZb bvbv Kg©-mgyrcbœ ........................................................92 K‡g©i bvbvZ¡ †nZz ˆelg¨ ...........................................................92 c~e© cÖ‡Póv Kvh©Kix...................................................................93 biKvwMœ DòZi ......................................................................94 c„w_exi cÖwZôv........................................................................95 wb‡ivaB wbe©vY........................................................................95 wbe©vY jvf.............................................................................96 wbe©vY myL Rvbv.......................................................................96 [wØZxq eM©] ey‡×i Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤^‡Ü k¼v............................................................97 ey× AbyËi.............................................................................97 ey‡×i AbyËiZ¡ m¤^‡Ü Rvbv ........................................................97 ag© `k©b ...............................................................................98 msµgY webv cÖwZmwÜ ..............................................................98 ÁvZvi Dcjwä.......................................................................98 Ab¨‡`‡n msµgY....................................................................99 Kg© I Kg©d‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡ .............................................................99 Rb¥ MÖnYKvixi Ávb...............................................................100 ey‡×i we`¨gvbZv...................................................................100 [Z…Zxq eM©] cÖeªwRZ‡`i Kvq-cÖxwZ ............................................................101 ey× me©Á I me©`k©x ...............................................................101 ey‡×i gnvcyiæl jÿY .............................................................102 fMev‡bi eªþPh© ...................................................................102 ey‡×i Dcm¤ú`v ...................................................................103 ‡kvKvkÖæ I †cÖgvkÖæ ................................................................103 mivM exZiv‡Mi g‡a¨ †f`.......................................................103 cÖÁvi ¯’vb ..........................................................................104 msmvi wK............................................................................104 c~e©K…wZ ¯§iY .......................................................................104 AwfÁv-RwbZ ¯§„wZ................................................................105

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 25 [PZy_© eM©] ¯§„wZi DrcwË.......................................................................106 ey‡×i ¯§„wZ jvf....................................................................108 `ytL cÖnv‡Yi D‡`¨vM ..............................................................108 eªþ‡jv‡Ki `ªæiZ¡ ..................................................................110 ag©wePq †eva½ ..................................................................... 111 cvc-cy‡Y¨i AívwaK¨ ............................................................. 111 ÁvZmv‡i AÁvZmv‡i K…Z cv‡ci †f` ........................................ 112 mkix‡i eªþ‡jvK .................................................................. 112 kZ †hvRb `xN© Aw¯’ ..............................................................113 k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi wb‡iva ..............................................................113 mgy`ª bvg †Kb......................................................................114 mgy‡`ªi GK im.....................................................................114 m~² a‡g©i †Q`b....................................................................114 weÁvb, cÖÁv I Rxe (AvZ¥) .....................................................114 ey‡×i `y®‹i Kg© m¤úv`b..........................................................115 [cÂg eM©] bvM‡m‡bi wbKU ivRv wgwj‡›`i K…ZÁZv Ávcb............................. 116 [†gÐK cÖkœ] ‡gÐK cÖ‡kœi f‚wgKv................................................................118 gš¿Yvi A‡hvM¨ ¯’vb ............................................................... 119 gš¿Yvi webvkKvix ................................................................. 119 ¸ß welq cÖKvkKvix...............................................................120 eyw× e„w×i Dcvq ...................................................................120 wk‡l¨i cÖwZ AvPv‡h©i KZ©e¨ ..................................................... 121 Dcvm‡Ki ¸Y.......................................................................122 ‡gÐK cÖkœvi¤¢.......................................................................122 ey×c~Rv mdj.......................................................................122 ey‡×i me©ÁZv ......................................................................128 †`e`‡Ëi cÖeªR¨v...................................................................133 f‚wgK‡¤úi KviY...................................................................137 Avgvi wcÖq cyÎ Rvwj, Kb¨v K…òvwRbv..........................................140 cwZeªZv ivYx gv`ªx‡`ex‡K `vb Kwievi ........................................140

26 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ wkweiv‡Ri Pÿz`vb.................................................................142 Pxb ivRvi mZ¨ej.................................................................144 we›`ygZxi mZ¨ej..................................................................144 Mf©- mÂvi ..........................................................................145 mׇg©i AšÍav©b.....................................................................151 me©Á ey× AKzkj gy³.............................................................154 Z_vMZM‡Yi DËi KiYxq .......................................................157 Fw× ej `k©b.......................................................................159 [wØZxq eM©] ÿz`ªvbyÿz`ª wkÿvc` mg~n.......................................................... 161 AeY©Yxq cÖkœ................................................................................ 162 g„Zz¨-fq .............................................................................163 g„Zz¨-cvk-gyw³ I cwiÎvY........................................................167 ey‡×i jvfvšÍivq ...................................................................170 Ávb K…Z I AÁvb K…Z cvc .............................................................173 wfÿz msN cwiPvjb................................................................174 A‡f`¨ cwil`......................................................................175 [Z…Zxq eM©] †kÖô ag©..............................................................................177 me©m‡Ë¡i wnZ mvab ...............................................................179 e¯¿-¸n¨ cÖ`k©b.....................................................................181 ey‡×i KK©k evYx...................................................................184 e„ÿ A‡PZb.........................................................................185 gnvdjcÖ` wcÐ .....................................................................186 ey× c~Rv wfÿz‡`i wbwgË b‡n....................................................188 ey×-cv` wkjvLÐvnZ ..............................................................189 ¸Y cÖKvkb..........................................................................192 Awnsmv I wbMÖn ............................................................................ 192 wfÿz ewn®‹iY.......................................................................194 [PZz_© eM©] Fw× I Kg© wecvK .................................................................196 ag© webq Av”Qbœ-Abv”Qbœ.........................................................197 wg_¨v ev‡K¨i ¸iæZ¡ jNyZ¡ ........................................................199

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 27 †evwam‡Ë¡i ag©Zv ..................................................................200 AvZ¥nZ¨vi welq........................................................................... 201 ˆgÎx-fvebvi dj..................................................................203 cvc cy‡Y¨i ˆelg¨ .................................................................205 Agiv‡`exi welq ..........................................................................209 An©r‡`i Afq.............................................................................. 210 ey‡×i me©ÁZv ......................................................................212 [cÂg eM©]...........................................................................214 M„nevm cÖkœ..........................................................................214 †fvR‡b mshg ......................................................................215 ey‡×i bx‡ivMZv ....................................................................216 gv‡M©vrcv`b.........................................................................217 ey× AwnsmK ........................................................................219 QÏšÍ †R¨wZcvj m¤^‡Ü............................................................220 NwUKvi cÖkœ .........................................................................222 eªvþY-ivR ev`.....................................................................223 Mv_v D”PvwiZ †fvRb AbywPZ ...................................................225 a‡g©vc‡`‡k wbiærmvn .............................................................228 [lô eM©] ey‡×i AvPvh© bvB...................................................................231 GKm‡½ `yB ey‡×i AbyrcwË cÖkœ ................................................232 †MŠZgxi e¯¿`vb....................................................................234 M„nx I wfÿzi m`vPvi..............................................................237 cÖwZc`v ev Ph©vi †`vl ............................................................238 nxbZvq-AveZ©b....................................................................239 An©Z‡`i †e`bvi Abyf‚wZ........................................................245 ag©-Ávb jv‡fi AšÍivq ..........................................................246 `ytkxjZvi cv_©K¨..................................................................249 R‡ji cÖvY Av‡Q wK?..............................................................250 [mßg eM©] wb®úÖc cÖkœ........................................................................254 M„nxi An©Z¡..........................................................................255 An©‡Zi ¯§„wZ-åg ..................................................................256

28 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ †jv‡K bvw¯ÍZ¡ .......................................................................258 Abyrcbœ wbe©vY ......................................................................259 DrcwËi KviY......................................................................261 h‡ÿi ke ...........................................................................262 mKj wkÿvc` GKm‡½ ...........................................................262 m~‡h©i Zvc...........................................................................263 m~h©-wKi‡Yi ZviZg¨ ..............................................................264 [Aóg eM©] †em&mšÍi ivRvi `vb...............................................................265 †MŠZ‡gi `y®‹i Ph©v ................................................................274 cvc-cy‡Y¨i g‡a¨ cÖejZi †K? .................................................278 g„Z †jv‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨ `vb.........................................................281 ¯^cœ `k©b.............................................................................285 AKvj g„Zz¨..........................................................................287 ˆP‡Z¨i A‡jŠwKKZ¡................................................................294 ag©Ávb...............................................................................294 wbe©vY cig myL.....................................................................297 wbe©v‡Yi ¯^iƒc ......................................................................299 wbe©vY mvÿvrKvi .................................................................. 303 AwMœi evwn‡i........................................................................304 cPvM‡Üi evwn‡i Mgb ............................................................304 m¼‡Ui evwn‡i......................................................................305 Kjjgy³.............................................................................305 msmvi R¡jšÍ †jŠnv‡Mvjv..........................................................305 msmvi fq¼i.......................................................................306 wbe©v‡Yi Ae¯’vb....................................................................307 [Abygvb eM©] Abygvb cÖkœ..........................................................................309 ey‡×i ag©bMi.......................................................................309 ey‡×i ag© bMi .....................................................................311 dz‡ji †`vKvb.......................................................................312 M‡Üi †`vKvb.......................................................................312 d‡ji †`vKvb.......................................................................313

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 29 mserm‡ii Avg ....................................................................313 Jl‡ai †`vKvb .....................................................................314 †flR `ª‡e¨i †`vKvb..............................................................314 Ag„‡Zi †`vKvb ....................................................................315 i‡Zœi †`vKvb.......................................................................315 kxj iZœ..............................................................................315 mgvwa iZœ ...........................................................................316 cÖÁv iZœ.............................................................................316 wegyw³ iZœ...........................................................................317 wegyw³ Ávb `k©b iZœ..............................................................317 cÖwZmw¤¢`v iZœ ......................................................................318 ZiæY †hv×v .........................................................................318 †eva¨½ iZœ..........................................................................319 me©`ª‡e¨i †`vKvb...................................................................319 ag©bM‡ii bvMwiK .................................................................320 ag©‡mbvcwZ.........................................................................321 ag© bM‡ii cy‡ivwnZ...............................................................321 ag© bM‡ii wePviK.................................................................322 bMi cÖKvkK........................................................................322 ag© bM‡ii iÿK...................................................................322 ag© bM‡ii iƒc`ÿ.................................................................322 ag© bM‡ii gvjvKvi ...............................................................322 ag© bM‡ii dj we‡µZv ..........................................................322 MÜ we‡µZv.........................................................................323 ag© bM‡i wbcyY wccvmy............................................................323 ag©bM‡ii cÖnix ....................................................................323 ag© bM‡ii AvBbRxwe.............................................................323 ag© bM‡ii †kÖôx ...................................................................324 ag© bM‡ii weL¨vZ AvBbÁ ......................................................324 [ayZv½ K_v cÖkœ] ayZv½ m¤^‡Ü cÖkœ ...................................................................326 [Dcgv K_v cÖkœ] cÖ_g eM© (welq m~Px) .............................................................339

30 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ M`©f eM©, M`©f cÖkœ................................................................342 †gvi‡Mi cuvP ¸Y.................................................................. 343 KvVweov‡ji GK ¸Y ..............................................................344 wPZv evwNbxi GK ¸Y.............................................................345 wPZvev‡Ni `yB ¸Y .................................................................345 K”Q‡ci cuvP ¸Y...................................................................346 euv‡ki GK ¸Y......................................................................347 abyi GK ¸Y....................................................................... 348 Kv‡Ki `yB ¸Y..................................................................... 348 evb‡ii `yB ¸Y.....................................................................349 [mgy`ª eM©] AjveyjZvi GK ¸Y ...............................................................350 c‡Ùi wZb ¸Y......................................................................350 kvj Ziæi GK ¸Y.................................................................351 †bŠKvi wZb ¸Y ....................................................................352 †bv½‡ii `yB ¸Y ...................................................................352 gv¯‘‡ji GK ¸Y .................................................................. 353 KY©av‡ii wZb ¸Y................................................................. 353 Kg©Kv‡ii (gvjøvi) GK ¸Y ......................................................354 mgy‡`ªi cuvP ¸Y ....................................................................354 c„w_ex eM© c„w_exi cuvP ¸Y....................................................................356 (Av‡ci) R‡ji cuvP ¸Y..........................................................357 (†Z‡Ri) AwMœ cuvP ¸Y .......................................................... 358 evqyi cuvP ¸Y...................................................................... 358 ce©‡Zi cuvP ¸Y....................................................................359 AvKv‡ki cuvP ¸Y..................................................................360 P‡›`ªi cuvP ¸Y......................................................................361 m~‡h©i mvZ ¸Y......................................................................362 B‡›`ªi wZb ¸Y .....................................................................363 PµeZ©x ivRvi Pvwi ¸Y...........................................................363 [DcwPKv eM©] DB‡cvKvi GK ¸Y ................................................................365

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 31 weov‡ji `yB ¸Y....................................................................365 B›`y‡ii GK ¸Y....................................................................366 e„wð‡Ki GK ¸Y...................................................................366 bKz‡ji GK ¸Y ....................................................................366 Rik„Mv‡ji `yB ¸Y................................................................366 g„‡Mi wZb ¸Y......................................................................367 Miæi Pvwi ¸Y.......................................................................368 eiv‡ni `yB ¸Y.....................................................................369 n¯Íxi cuvP ¸Y.......................................................................369 wms‡ni mvZ ¸Y....................................................................371 Pµev‡Ki wZb ¸Y.................................................................372 †cYvwnK (Cl©vjy) cÿxi `yB ¸Y .............................................. 373 Ni K‡cv‡Zi GK ¸Y............................................................ 373 Djy‡Ki `yB ¸Y.....................................................................374 mvim cÿxi GK ¸Y ..............................................................374 ev`y‡oi `yB ¸Y.....................................................................374 R‡jŠKvi GK ¸Y..................................................................375 m‡c©i wZb ¸Y......................................................................376 ARM‡ii GK ¸Y..................................................................376 [gvKomv eM©] c_ gvK‡oi GK ¸Y ..............................................................377 ¯Íb¨cvqx wkïi GK ¸Y...........................................................377 wPÎai K”Q‡ci GK ¸Y......................................................... 378 Mfxi e‡bi cuvP ¸Y.............................................................. 378 e„‡ÿi wZb ¸Y .................................................................... 378 †g‡Ni cuvP ¸Y .....................................................................379 gwYi‡Zœi wZb ¸Y ................................................................ 380 wkKvixi Pvwi ¸Y.................................................................. 380 eokx-avixi `yB ¸Y...............................................................381 QyZv‡ii `yB ¸Y ....................................................................381 [Kz¤¢ eM©] Kj‡mi GK ¸Y....................................................................382 Kjns‡mi `yB ¸Y..................................................................382

32 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ QvZvi wZb ¸Y .................................................................... 383 †ÿ‡Îi wZb ¸Y................................................................... 384 Jl‡ai `yB ¸Y .................................................................... 384 †fvR‡bi wZb ¸Y................................................................. 384 Zxi›`v‡Ri Pvwi ¸Y .............................................................. 385 MÖ‡š’ e¨eüZ cvwifvwlK kãmg~‡ni cwiPq.................................. 388

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 33 wgwj›`-cÖkœ b‡gv Zm&m fMe‡Zv Ain‡Zv m¤§vm¤^y`m&m [evwnK_v] 1| M½vb`x †hgb mvM‡i DcbxZ nq, †mBiƒc mvMj bvgK DËg bM‡i ivRv wgwj›` bvM‡mb mgx‡c DcbxZ nB‡jb| K| Awe`¨vÜKvibvkK, Áv‡bvévai, wewPÎe³v ivRv (bvM‡mb mgx‡c) Avwmqv hyw³-m½Z eûwea m~² cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib| L| †mB cÖkœ I DËimg~n Mfxi A_©hy³, g‡bvig, kÖæwZgayi A™¢yZ I †ivgvÂKi| M| Awfag© I web‡q Mv¤¢xh©-gwÐZ, m~ÎvbyKzj bvM‡mb-K_v hyw³ I Dcgvq wewPÎ| N| Bnv‡Z cÖwYavb c~eŸ©K wPˇK cÖmbœ Kwiqv mskqwe‡bv`K M¤¢xi cÖkœmg~n Avcbviv kÖeY Kiæb| O| mvMj bM‡ii eY©bv 2| (GBiƒc ïbv hvq t−) heb‡`i evwYR¨-e¨emv‡qi †K›`ª mvMj bvgK GK bMi wQj| †mB bMi b`x ce©Z †kvwfZ, igYxq fywgfv‡M cÖwZwôZ, Avivg-D`¨vb-Dceb-ZovMcy®‹wiYx Øviv mym¤úbœ, b`x-ce©Z-e‡b AZ¨šÍ igYxq wQj| †mB bMi `ÿ ¯’cwZ Øviv wbwg©Z nBqv‡Q| Dnv‡Z kÎ ev kÎ i Drcxob wQj bv| †mLv‡b A‡bK cÖKvi wewPÎ `„p gÐj-cÖ‡Kvô wQj| bM‡ii Øviv AšÍcyi cwi‡ewóZ wQj| c_-A½b I †PŠiv¯Ívi ms‡hvM¯’j DËgiƒ‡c wef³ wQj| †`vKvb mymw¾Z I DËg cY¨`ªe¨ Øviv cwic~Y© wQj| ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b wewea DËg `vbkvjv mZZ †kvwfZ wQj| Bnv wQj wngvjq-ce©Zk„½ m`„k kZ-mnmª †kÖô feb gwÐZ| nvwZ, †Nvov, i_ I c`vwZK Rb Øviv Dnv mgvKzj wQj| `‡j `‡j my›`i bibvix wePiY KwiZ| †mB bMi ÿwÎq, eªvþY, ˆek¨, k~`ªvw` me©cÖKv‡ii gby‡l¨i Øviv mgvKxY© wQj| kÖgY, eªvþY Z_v mfvRb Øviv Bnv msNwUZ wQj| eûwea

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36 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ bM‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi wK cÖ‡qvRb? Ggb †Kvb cwÐZ kÖvgY, eªvþY, msN‡bZv, MY‡bZv, MYvPh©v Av‡Qb wK whwb AinZ mg¨K& m¤^y× m¤^‡Ü Rv‡bb, whwb Avgvi mwnZ Avjvc Kwi‡Z I Avgvi m‡›`n wbimb Kwi‡Z cv‡ib, huvnvi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kwiqv mskq we‡bv`b Kwi‡Z cvwi?Ó 11| GBiƒc D³ nB‡j cÂkZ heb ivRv wgwj›`‡K Kwn‡jb, Ònuv, gnvivR! QqRb ag©¸iæ Av‡Qbt (1) c~iY Kvk¨c, (2) gK&Lwj †Mvkvj, (3) wbMÚ bvZcyÎ, (4) mÄq †ejUwVcyÎ, (5) AwRZ †KkK¤^jx I (6) KKza K”Pvqb| Zuvnviv msNbvqK, MYbvqK, MYvPvh©, cÖvÁ, hk¯^x I Zx_©¼i Ges eûR‡bi Øviv m¤§vwbZ| gnvivR! Avcwb Zuvnv‡`i wbKU wMqv cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiæb Ges mskq wbimb Kiæb|Ó c~iY Kvk¨‡ci wbKU ivRv wgwj‡›`i Mgb 12| ZLb ivRv cÂkZ heb cwie„Z nBqv f`ª hvb my‡kvwfZ i‡_ Av‡ivnb Kwiqv c~iY Kvk¨‡ci wbKU DcwbZ nB‡jb| Z_vq Dcw¯’Z nBqv cyiY Kvk¨‡ci mwnZ mv`i m¤¢vlY wewbgq Kwiqv GK cÖv‡šÍ ewm‡jb| GKcÖv‡šÍ ewmqv ivRv wgwj›` Kvk¨c‡K ewj‡jb, Òf‡šÍ Kvk¨c! †K GB msmvi cvjb Kwi‡Z‡Q?Ó ÒgnvivR! c„w_ex msmvi cvjb Kwi‡Z‡Q|Ó Òf‡šÍ Kvk¨c! hw` c„w_ex msmvi cvjb K‡i, Z‡e AexwP biKMvgx cÖvwYMY c„w_ex AwZµg Kwiqv †Kb Mgb K‡i?Ó ivRv GBiƒc ewj‡j c~iY-Kvk¨c Zvnv MÖnY Kwi‡ZI cv‡ib bv, Avevi AvMÖn¨I Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb bZMÖxe, A‡avg~L, nZeyw× nBqv ewmqv iwn‡jb| gK&Lwj †Mvkv‡ji wbKU ivRv wgwj‡›`i Mgb 13| AZtci ivRv wgwj›` gK&Lwj †Mvkvj‡K wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Òf‡šÍ †Mvkvj! fvj I g›` Kg© Av‡Q wK? cyY¨ I cvc, myK…Z I `„®‹…Z K‡g©i djwecvK Av‡Q wK?Ó Òbv gnvivR! fvj I g›` †Kvb Kg© bvB, cvc I cyY¨ K‡g©i †Kvb dj bvB| gnvivR! Bn‡jv‡K huvnviv ÿwÎq Zuvnviv ci‡jv‡K wMqv cybt ÿwÎqB nB‡eb| huvnviv eªvþY, ˆek¨, k~`ª, PÐvj ev cy°zm RvwZ Zvnviv ci‡jv‡K wMqvI cybt eªvþY, ˆek¨, k~`ª, PÐvj ev cy°zm RvwZ nB‡eb| cvc I cyY¨ K‡g©i wK cÖ‡qvRb?Ó

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40 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ Awfev`b ev AÄwjKg© wKsev mv`i m¤¢vlYgvÎI jvf K‡ib bvB| eis ZwØcixZ Av‡µvk, VvÆv-we`ªƒcB Zuvnv‡K jvf Kwi‡Z nBqvwQj| ÒAv‡M hvb, f‡šÍ!Ó Giƒc ewjeviI †Kn wQj bv| mvZ ermi `k gvm AwZevwnZ nB‡j GKw`bÍÒf‡šÍ! Av‡M hvbÓ GB K_v ïwb‡Z cvB‡jb| †mB w`b eªvþY evwn‡ii KvR-Kg© nB‡Z wdwievi mgq c‡_i g‡a¨ ¯’wei‡K †`wLqv Kwn‡jb, Ò†n cÖeªwRZ! Avgv‡`i evox wMqvwQ‡jb wKÓ? Ònuv eªvþY! wMqvwQjvg|Ó ÒwKQy cvBqv‡Qb wK?Ó Ònuv, eªvþY! cvBqvwQ|Ó eªvþY Amš‘ó wP‡Ë evox wMqv wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÒGB cÖeªwRZ‡K wKQy †`Iqv nBqv‡Q wK?Ó Òbv, wKQy †`Iqv nq bvB|Ó 21| c‡ii w`b eªvþY Òwfÿz‡K wg_¨v Aciv‡a wbMÖn KwieÓ GB fvweqv M„nØv‡i ewmqv iwn‡jb| ¯’wei wØZxq w`b eªvþ‡Yi M„nØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb| eªvþY ¯’wei‡K †`wLqv Kwn‡jb, ÒMZKvj Avgv‡`i N‡i Avcwb wKQy bv cvBqvB cvBqvwQ ewjqv‡Qb| Avcbvi c‡ÿ wg_¨v ejv wK DwPZ?Ó ¯’wei Kwn‡jb, ÒeªvþY! Avcbvi Øv‡i mvZ ermi `k gvmvwaÔAv‡M hvbÕ GK_vI ïwb bvB| wKš‘ MZKvjÔAv‡M hvbÕ GB myePb cvBqvwQ| GB mv`i m¤¢vlY jvf KwiqvB Avwg GBiƒc ewjqvwQ|Ó eªvþY wPšÍv Kwi‡jb, ÒBnviv hLb †Kej evK&-‡mŠRb¨ jvf KwiqvI Rbmgv‡RÔcvBqvwQÕ ewjqv cÖksmv K‡ib ZLb Aci wKQy Lv`¨-‡fvR¨ cvB‡j †Kb cÖksmv Kwi‡eb bv|Ó wZwb AwZkq cÖmbœ nBqv wfÿz‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv fvZ nB‡Z GK PvgP wfÿv (fvZ) I Z`byiƒc ZiKvix w`‡jb Ges ewj‡jbÍÒGBiƒc wfÿv Avcwb cÖwZw`b jvf Kwi‡eb|Ó ci w`em nB‡Z eªvþY AvMZ kvšÍ fve `k©b Kwiqv AwaKZi cÖmbœ nB‡jb| wZwb ¯’wei‡K cÖ‡Z¨K w`b Zuvnvi evox‡Z †fvR‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kwi‡jb| ¯’wei †gŠbfv‡e m¤§wZ RvbvB‡jb| Zrci ¯’wei †ivnY cÖwZw`b †fvRb Kwiqv hvBevi mgq ey×evYxi wKQy wKQy Dc‡`k w`qv hvB‡Zb| bvM‡m‡bi Rb¥ 22| `k gvm MZ nB‡j eªvþYx cyÎ mšÍvb cÖme Kwi‡jb| Zvnvi bvg

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 41 ivLv nBj bvM‡mb| †m µgkt eo nBqv mvZ ermi eq®‹ nBj| ZLb evjK bvM‡m‡bi wcZv bvM‡mb‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! GB eªvþYKz‡ji hvnv wkÿYxq Zvnv wkÿv Ki|Ó ÒGB eªvþYKz‡j wkÿYxq welq wK?Ó Òw·e` wkÿv I Aci¸wj wkíÍGB¸wjB wkÿYxq|Ó ÒZvnv wkÿv Kwie|Ó ZLb, †mvbyËi eªvþY †Kvb eªvþY AvPvh©¨‡K GK mnmª gy`ªv ¸iæ-`wÿYv w`qv ¯^xq cÖmv‡`i GK Kvgivq GK cÖv‡šÍ gÂK ¯’vcb Kwiqv Kwn‡jb, Ò†n eªvþY! Avcwb bvM‡mb‡K gš¿mg~n wkÿv `vb Kiæb|Ó ÒZvnv nB‡j, evjK, Zzwg gš¿mg~n wkÿv KiÓ ewjqv AvPvh©¨ Zvnv‡K †e`-gš¿ wkÿv w`‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwi‡jb| evjK bvM‡m‡bi GKevi Ave„wˇZB w·e` ü`q½g nBj, Kɯ’ nBj, A‡_©vcjwä nBj, myk„•Ljve× nBj, DËgiƒ‡c AvqË nBj| wbNÈz ˆKUf Aÿiweb¨vm I cÂg BwZnvm mn wÎwe‡` AwP‡iB GK cÖZ¨ÿ AšÍ©`„wói D`&fe nBj| wZwb Kve¨, e¨vKiY, †jvKvqZ I gnvcyiæl jÿY kv‡¯¿ mycwÐZ nB‡jb| 23| ZLb evjK bvM‡mb ¯^xq wcZv‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒwcZ! GB eªvþYes‡k Bnv A‡cÿv AwaKZi wkÿYxq welq Av‡Q wK, wKsev GB cwigvY?Ó ÒBnv A‡cÿv AwaK wkÿvi welq bvB| GB cwiYvgB wkÿYxq|Ó ZLb bvM‡mb AvPvh©¨‡K kÖ×v RvbvBqv cÖvmv` nB‡Z AeZiY Kwi‡jb| c~e© Rb¥vwR©Z ms¯‹vi Øviv †cÖwiZ nBqv wZwb wbR©‡b a¨vb¯’ nBqv wb‡Ri AaxZ we`¨vi Avw`, ga¨ I AšÍ ch©‡eÿY Kwi‡jb| Z_vq Avw`‡Z, g‡a¨ wKsev A‡šÍ †Kv_vI ¯^ígvÎ mvi bv †`wLqv AwZkq DwØMœ I Amš‘ó wP‡Ë Kwn‡jb, ÒA‡nv! GB mKj †e` Zz”Q, wbZvšÍ cÖjvc gvÎ Amvi wbtmvi|Ó 24| †mB mgq Avqy®§vb †ivnY eZ©Yxq AvkÖ‡g ewmqv ¯^xq a¨vb wPË cÖfv‡e bvM‡m‡bi wPË weZK© AeMZ nB‡jb| wZwb AšÍievm cwiavb Kwiqv cvÎ I Pxei jBqv eZ©bxq wenvi nB‡Z evwni nBqv KR½j eªvþY MÖv‡gi m¤§y‡L DcbxZ nB‡jb| bvM‡m‡bi mwnZ †ivn‡Yi wgjb bvM‡mb ¯^xq M„‡ni wmsnØv‡i `Ðvqgvb Ae¯’vq `ªæi nB‡Z Avqy®§vb †ivnY‡K Avwm‡Z †`wL‡jb| Zuvnv‡K †`wLqv bvM‡mb mš‘ó cÖ‡gvw`Z I cÖxwZ †mŠgbm¨hy³ nB‡jb Ges GB wPšÍv Kwi‡jb †h ÒAwZ DËg, GB cÖeªwRZ nqZ wKQy mviZË¡ Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib|Ó wZwb †ivn‡Yi wbKU †M‡jb

42 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ Ges cÖkœ Kwi‡jb, Ògnvkq! GB cÖKvi wkigywÐZ I Kvlvqembavix Avcwb †K?Ó Òerm! Avwg cÖeªwRZ|Ó Ògnvkq, Avcbv‡K cÖeªwRZ ejv nq †Kb?Ó Òcvciƒc gqjv ivwk cwieR©b Kwi‡ZB Avwg cÖeªwRZ nBqvwQ| erm, †mBRb¨B Avgvi bvg cÖeªwRZ|Ó Ògnvkq, wK Kvi‡Y Avcbvi †Kk Ab¨ †jv‡Ki b¨vq b‡n?Ó Òerm, Dnv‡Z †lvj cÖKvi wecwË †`wLqv cÖeªwR‡Ziv †Kkk¥kÖæ gywÐZ K‡ib| †mB †lvj cÖKvi wK? †Kk I k¥kÖæ ivwL‡j Dnv‡K (1) Aj¼„Z Kwi‡Z nq, (2) mvRvB‡Z nq, (3) ˆZj gvwL‡Z nq, (4) ayB‡Z nq, (5) gvjv cwi‡Z nq, (6) myMÜ gvwL‡Z nq, (7) myevwmZ ivwL‡Z nq, (8) nixZKx e¨envi Kwi‡Z nq, (9) AvgjKx e¨envi Kwi‡Z nq, (10) iwÄZ Kwi‡Z nq, (11) euvwa‡Z nq, (12) wPiæYx e¨envi Kwi‡Z nq, (13) bvwc‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb nq, (14) RUv QvovB‡Z nq, (15) DKzb Rb¥vB‡Z cv‡i, Ges (16) hLb †Kk DwVqv hvq ZLb †jv‡K †kvK K‡i, `ytwLZ nq, †iv`b K‡i, e‡ÿ KivNvZ K‡i µ›`b K‡i g~wQ©Z nq| erm GB †lvj cÖKvi Dc`ª‡e Ave× nBqv RbMY hveZxq m~² wkíivwk bó Kwiqv †d‡j|Ó Ògnvkq, wK Kvi‡Y Avcbvi emb¸wj Ab¨‡`i b¨vq b‡n?Ó Òerm! M„nxwPý, M„nx`ªe¨ I M„n¯’‡`i my›`i em‡b Kvgbv evmbv AvkÖq K‡i| e‡¯¿i Rb¨ †h mKj f‡qi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q, Zvnv Kvlvq emb cwiwn‡Zi _v‡K bv| Z¾b¨ Avgvi emb Ab¨‡`i b¨vq b‡n|Ó Ògnvkq, Avcwb †Kvb wkí Rv‡bb wK?Ó Ònuv erm Avwg h_v_© wkí Rvwb, Avi RM‡Z †h m‡e©vËg gš¿ Av‡Q ZvnvI Rvwb|Ó Ògnvkq, Avgv‡K Zvnv wkLvB‡Z cv‡ib?Ó Ònuv, erm, cvwi|Ó ÒZvnv nB‡j Avgv‡K wkLvb|Ó Òerm! GLb Avgvi c‡ÿ Amgq KviY Avwg GLb wfÿv Kwi‡Z MÖv‡gi Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek KwiqvwQ|Ó 25| ZLb evjK bvM‡mb Avqy®§vb †ivn‡Yi nvZ nB‡Z cvÎ jBqv Zvnv‡K N‡ii wfZi jBqv †M‡jb| Z_vq M„nw¯’Z DËg Lv`¨-‡fvR¨ Øviv Zuvnv‡K mšÍwc©Z I cwiZ…ß Kwi‡jb| †fvRb †k‡l Avqy®§vb †ivnY cvÎ nB‡Z nvZ Zzwj‡Z wZwb Kwn‡jb, Ògnvkq, GLb Avgv‡K gš¿ wkÿv w`b&|Ó

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 43 Avqy®§vb †ivnY ewj‡jb, Òerm! Zzwg hLb me©wea evavgy³ nBqv gvZvwcZvi AbygwZµ‡g cÖeªwR‡Zi †ek aviY Kwi‡e ZLb Avwg †Zvgv‡K wkLvBe|Ó bvM‡m‡bi cÖeªR¨v 26| ZLb evjK bvM‡mb gvZvwcZvi Kv‡Q wMqv Kwn‡jb : ÒGB cÖeªwRZ RM‡Zi m‡e©vËg gš¿ Rv‡bb ewjqv‡Qb| wKš‘ Zuvnvi wbKU cÖeªwRZ bv nB‡j wkÿv †`b bv| Avwg Zuvnvi wbKU cÖeªR¨v MÖnY Kwiqv †mB gš¿ wkÿv Kwie|Ó Zuvnvi gvZvwcZv wPšÍv Kwi‡jb, ÒAvgv‡`i cyÎ cÖeªwRZ nBqv gš¿ wkÿv KiæK, wkÿvi ci cybt wdwiqv Avwm‡e|Ó AZGeÔcyÎ, Zzwg wkÿv KiÕ ewjqv Zuvnviv AbygwZ w`‡jb| ZLb Avqy¯§vb †ivnY bvM‡mb‡K jBqv eZ©bxq AvkÖ‡gi weR¤¢eÌy‡Z †M‡jb| weR¤¢eÌy‡Z GK ivwÎ evm Kwiqv iwÿZZ‡j Mgb Kwi‡jb| Z_vq wMqv †KvwUkZ AinZM‡Yi g‡a¨ bvM‡mb‡K cÖeªwRZ Kwi‡jb| 27| bvM‡mb cÖeªwRZ nBqv Avqy®§vb †ivnY‡K Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! GLb Avwg Avcbvi †ek MÖnY KwiqvwQ, AZGe GLb Avgv‡K gš¿ `vb Kiæb|Ó ZLb Aqy®§vb †ivnY wPšÍv Kwi‡jb, Òm~Î, webq, Awfa‡g©i g‡a¨ Zvnv‡K cÖ_gZ wK wkÿv w`‡Z cvwi?Ó cybð wPšÍv Kwi‡jb †h bvM‡mb cwÐZ myZivs mn‡RB Awfag© wkÿv Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e| AZGe †ivnY cÖ_‡g Zvnv‡K Awfag©B wkÿv w`‡Z jvwM‡jb| Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb Kzkj ag©, AKzkj ag© I Ae¨vK…Z ag© GB wÎK I wØK cÖwZgwÐZ (1) a¤§m½Yx cÖKiY; ¯‹Ü wfe½vw` Aóv`k wef‡½ cÖwZgwÐZ (2) wef½ cÖKiY; msMÖn AmsMÖn BZ¨vw` PZz`©k fv‡e wef³ (3) avZzK_v cÖKiY; ¯‹ÜcÖÁwß, AvqZb-cÖÁwß cÖf„wZ Qq cÖKv‡i wef³ (4) cyM&Mj cyT&TwË cÖKiY; ¯^g‡Zi cÂkZ m~Î cig‡Zi cÂkZ m~Î GB mnmª m~‡Îi mw¤§wjZ Av‡jvPbv (5) K_veÌy cÖKiY; g~j hgK ¯‹Ü hgKvw` `k cÖKv‡i wef³ (6) hgK cÖKiYÕ †nZz cÖZ¨q, Avi¤§Y cÖZ¨qvw` PweŸk cÖKv‡i wef³ (7) cU&Vvb cÖKiY; GB mgMÖ Awfag© wcUK GKevi gvÎ ïwbqvB wkÿv Kwi‡jb I gyL¯’ Kwi‡jb| Zrci Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! Avi we¯Ívi Kwi‡eb bv, Bnv‡ZB Avwg Ave„wË Kwi‡Z cvwie|Ó 28| ZLb Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb †KvwUkZ An©r‡`i wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! Avwg Kzkj ag©, AKzkj ag© I Ae¨vK…Z ag© GB wZb c‡`

44 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ cÖ‡ÿc Kwiqv mgMÖ Awfag© wcUK we¯Z…Zfv‡e eY©bv Kwi‡Z cvwie|Ó Òmvay, bvM‡mb, eY©bv Ki|Ó ZLb Avqy¯§vb bvM‡mb mvZ gv‡m mß Awfag© cÖKiY we¯Ívi c~e©K cÖKvk Kwi‡jb| c„w_ex Kw¤úZ nBj, †`eZviv mvayev` w`‡jb, eªþvMY KiZvwj w`‡jb, w`e¨ P›`b P‚Y© I g›`vi cy®úivwk cÖewl©Z nBj| weskwZ el© cwic~Y© nB‡j †KvwUkZ AinZMY iwÿZ Z‡j Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb‡K Dcm¤ú`v cÖ`vb Kwi‡jb| bvM‡m‡bi Aciva I `ÐKg© 29| Dcm¤ú`vi GKivwÎ ci c~e©vý mg‡q Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb cvÎ-Pxei jBqv ¯^xq Dcva¨v‡qi mwnZ wfÿv_© MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek Kwi‡jb| †mB mgq Zuvnvi g‡b wPšÍv nBjÍÒA‡nv! Avgvi Dcva¨vq Zz”Q, g~L©| fMevb ey‡×i me©‡kÖô Dc‡`k Qvwoqv wZwb Avgv‡K cÖ_‡g Awfag© wkÿv w`‡jb|Ó ZLb Avqy®§vb †ivnY ¯^xq a¨vbe‡j bvM‡m‡bi wPË-weZK© AeMZ nBqv Kwn‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! †Zvgvi g‡b Ab¨vq weZK© Drcbœ nBqv‡Q| GB wPšÍv Kiv †Zvgvi DwPZ b‡n|Ó ‡mB mgq bvM‡m‡bi g‡b nBjÍÒeoB Avðh©! eoB A`&f‚Z! Avgvi Dcva¨vq ¯^xq wPË Øviv Ac‡ii wPË-weZK© Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib| Avgvi Dcva¨vq eoB cwÐZ| Zuvnvi wbKU ÿgv cÖv_©bv Kiv Avgvi DwPZ|Ó GB wPšÍv Kwiqv bvM‡mb Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! Avgv‡K ÿgv Kiæb| Avi KL‡bv GBiƒc wPšÍv Kwie bv|Ó Avqy®§vb †ivnY ewj‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! †Kej Bnv‡ZB Avwg ÿgv Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| erm! mvMj bv‡g GK bMi Av‡Q, Z_vq ivRv wgwj›` ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wZwb wg_¨v`„wó m¤ú©wKZ cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kwiqv wfÿzmsN‡K weeªZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb| hw` Zzwg †mLv‡b wMqv †mB ivRv‡K `gb Kwiqv ey×a‡g© cÖmbœ Kwi‡Z cvi Z‡e †Zvgv‡K ÿgv Kwie|Ó Òf‡šÍ! GK wgwj›` ivRv †Kb hw` R¤^Øx‡ci mKj ivRv Avwmqv Avgv‡K cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib| Z_vwc Avwg mK‡ji cÖ‡kœvËi w`qv Zvnv w`M‡K `gb Kwie| Avcwb Avgv‡K ÿgv Kiæb|Ó Òÿgv Kwie bv|Ó ÒZvnv nB‡j f‡šÍ, el©vi GB wZb gvm Avwg Kvnvi m‡½ evm Kwie?Ó 30| ÒbvM‡mb! eZ©bxq AvkÖ‡g Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸ß evm K‡ib| Zzwg Zuvnvi wbKU hvI, Avgvi ev‡K¨ Zuvnvi cv`-c‡Ù bZ wk‡i cÖYvg Ki, Avi Zuvnv‡K

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 45 ejÍÔf‡šÍ! Avgvi Dcva¨vq Avcbvi cv`-c‡Ù bZwk‡i cÖYvg RvbvBqv‡Qb| Avcbvi wbivgq, wbivZ¼, cÖdzjøfve, ¯^v¯’¨ I my¯’Zv m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv Kwiqv‡Qb| GB wZb gvm Avcbvi wbKU evm Kwievi wbwgË Avgv‡K cvVvBqv‡Qb|ÕÔ†Zvgvi Dcva¨v‡qi bvg wK?Õ hw` wRÁvmv K‡ib Z‡e ewj‡Z cviÔ†ivnY ¯’weiÕ| hw` e‡jbÔAvgvi bvg wK?Õ Z‡e ewj‡eÔf‡šÍ! Avcbvi bvg Avgvi Dcva¨vq Rv‡bb|Ó ÒAv”Qv f‡šÍ!Ó ewjqv Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb gvbbxq †ivnY ¯’wei‡K cÖYvg I cÖ`wÿY c~e©K cvÎ-Pxei jBqv hvÎv Kwi‡jb Ges µgkt wePiY Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z eZ©bxq AvkÖ‡g Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸‡ßi wbKU †cuŠwQ‡jb| Zvunvi Kv‡Q wMqv cÖYvg Kwiqv GK cÖv‡šÍ `uvovB‡jb| `uvovBqv Zuvnv‡K Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! Avgvi Dcva¨vq Avcbvi cv`-c‡Ù bZwk‡i cÖYvg RvbvBqv‡Qb Ges Avcbvi wbivgq, wbivZ¼, cÖdyjøfve, ¯^v¯’¨ I my¯’Zv m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv Kwiqv‡Qb| Avgvi Dcva¨vq wZb gvm Avcbvi m‡½ evm Kwievi Rb¨ Avgv‡K cvVvBqv‡Qb|Ó Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸ß Kwn‡jb, Ò†Zvgvi bvg wK?Ó Òf‡šÍ! Avgvi bvg bvM‡mb|Ó Ò†Zvgvi Dcva¨v‡qi bvg wK?Ó Òf‡šÍ! Avgvi Dcva¨v‡qi bvg †ivnY ¯’wei|Ó ÒAvgvi bvg wK?Ó Òf‡šÍ! Avcbvi bvg Avgvi Dcva¨vq Rv‡bb|Ó ÒDËg, bvM‡mb! wb‡Ri cvÎ-Pxei mvgjvBqv ivL|Ó Òmvay, f‡šÍ|Ó cvÎ-Pxei ivwLevi ci c‡ii w`b cwi‡eY m¤§vR©b Kwiqv h_v¯’v‡b gyL ayBevi Rj I `šÍKvô ivwLqv w`‡jb| ¯’wei m¤§vwR©Z ¯’vb cybt cwi®‹vi Kwi‡jb, †mB Rj †dwjqv Ab¨ Rj jB‡jb, †mB `šÍKvô Qvwoqv Ab¨ MÖnY Kwi‡jb Ges Avi †Kvb Avjvc Kwi‡jb bv| mvZ w`b GB cÖKvi Kwiqv mßg w`‡b cybivq H cÖkœ¸wj wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb| cybð bvM‡mb Z`ªƒc DËi w`‡j Zvnv‡K wZwb el©vevm Awaôv‡bi AbygwZ w`‡jb| bvM‡m‡bi Dc‡`k `vb 31| †mB mgq GK DcvwmKv wÎk ermi nB‡Z Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸ß‡K †mev Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| †mB gnvDcvwmKv wZb gvm AwZevwnZ nB‡j Avqy®§vb Ak¦¸‡ßi wbKU ewj‡jb, Òevev! Avcbvi m‡½ Aci †Kvb wfÿz Av‡Qb wK?Ó

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LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 47 ÒbvM‡mb! hvI, c‡_ wfÿv cvB‡eÍKvjewR©Z (weï×) kvwj PvD‡ji Abœ, A‡bK m~c I e¨Äb|Ó ÒAv”Qv f‡šÍÓ ewjqv Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb gvbbxq Ak¦¸ß ¯’wei‡K cÖYvg I cÖ`wÿY Kwiqv cvÎ-Pxei MÖnY c~e©K cvUwjcyÎ Awfgy‡L hvÎv Kwi‡jb| 34| †mB mgq cvUwjcy‡Îi GK ewYK cÂkZ kKU mn cvUwjcyÎ Awfgy‡L hvB‡ZwQ‡jb| wZwb `ªæi nB‡Z Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb‡K Avwm‡Z †`wL‡jb Ges Zuvnvi wbKU wMqv cÖYvg c~e©K wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Òevev! †Kv_vq hvB‡Z‡Qb?Ó ÒM„ncwZ! Avwg cvUwjcyÎ hvB‡ZwQ|Ó ÒDËg, evev! AvgivI cvUwjcyÎ hvB‡ZwQ| Avgv‡`i mwnZ Avcwb my‡L Pjyb?Ó ZLb cvUwjcy‡Îi ewYK Avqy®§vb bvM‡m‡bi AvPvi e¨env‡i mš‘ó nB‡jb| wZwb Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb‡K ¯^n‡¯Í †fvRb KivB‡jb| Zuvnvi †fvR‡bi ci wZwb GK bxP Avmb jBqv ewm‡jb Ges Kwn‡jb, Òevev! Avcbvi bvg wK?Ó ÒAvgvi bvg bvM‡mb|Ó ÒAvcwb fMevb ey‡×i Dc‡`k Rv‡bb wK?Ó ÒAvwg Awfag© welq Rvwb|Ó ÒAvgv‡`i †mŠfvM¨, Avgv‡`i gnvjvf| AvwgI Avwfawg©K, Avi AvcwbI Avwfawg©K| evev! Awfag© welq ejyb|Ó ZLb, Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb Zuvnv‡K Awfag© welq Dc‡`k Kwi‡jb| a‡g©vc‡`k Kwievi mg‡qB cvUwjcy‡Îi †kÖôxi wbg©j ag©ÁvbPÿz Drcbœ nBjÍÔhvnv wKQy Drcbœ nq, Zvnv webvk cÖvß nq|Õ 35| AbšÍi cvUwjcy‡Îi ewYK Zuvnvi cÂkZ kKU A‡MÖ PvjvBqv w`qv bvM‡mb mn cðvZ cðvZ hvBqv cvUwjcy‡Îi wbKU †cuŠwQ‡jb| Z_vq `yB c‡_i ms‡hvM¯’‡j `uvovBqv †kÖôx bvM‡mb‡K Kwn‡jb, Òevev! BnvB A‡kvKviv‡gi c_; †lvj nvZ `xN© I AvU nvZ cÖ¯’ Avgv‡`i GB DËg K¤^j, AbyMÖn c~e©K Avcwb MÖnY Kiæb|Ó Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb `qv Kwiqv †mB DËg K¤^j MÖnY Kwi‡jb| ZLb †mB †kÖôx mš‘ó, cÖxwZhy³ I cÖ‡gvw`Z nBqv bvM‡mb‡K cÖYvg I cÖ`wÿY Kwiqv Pwjqv †M‡jb| 36| Zrci bvM‡mb A‡kvKviv‡g f`šÍ ag©iwÿ‡Zi wbKU wMqv cÖYvg c~e©K AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡e`b Kwi‡jb|

48 LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ bvM‡m‡bi An©Z¡ jvf Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb gv‡mi g‡a¨ f`šÍ ag©iwÿ‡Zi wbKU wÎwcUK ey×ePb GK Ave„wˇZB KÉš’ Kwi‡jb Ges cybivq wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ Bnvi gg©v_© ü`q½g Kwi‡jb| ZLb Avqy®§vb ag©iwÿZ bvM‡mb‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! †Mvcvj †hgb Mvfx¸wj †Kej cvjb K‡i wKš‘ `ya cvb K‡i Ab¨ †jv‡K, †mBiƒc Zzwg wÎwcUK ey×ePb Rvbv m‡Ë¡I kÖvgY¨ d‡ji AwaKKvix nI bvB|Ó Òf‡šÍ! ZvnvB jvf Kwie, AwaK ejvi Avek¨KZv bvB|Ó †mB w`ev I ivwÎi g‡a¨B wZwb cÖwZmw¤¢`v mn An©Z¡ jvf Kwi‡jb| Avqy®§vb bvM‡m‡bi GB m‡Z¨vcjwäi m‡½ m‡½B c„w_ex wbbvw`Z nBj, †`eZviv mvayev` w`‡jb, eªþvMY Avb‡›` KiZvwj w`‡jb; w`e¨ P›`b P‚Y© I g›`vi cy®ú ewl©Z nBj| 37| †mB mgq †KvwUkZ An©Z wngešÍ ce©‡Zi iwÿZ Z‡j mw¤§wjZ nBqv Avqy®§vb bvM‡m‡bi wbKU `ªæZ †cÖiY Kwi‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! GLv‡b AvMgb Kiæb, Avgiv Avcbv‡K (bvM‡mb‡K) †`wL‡Z B”Qv Kwi|Ó ZLb, Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb `ªæ‡Zi gy‡L msev`ïwbqv A‡kvKvivg nB‡Z AšÍwn©Z nB‡jb Ges wngešÍ ce©‡Zi iwÿZ Z‡j †KvwUkZ AinZM‡Yi m¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb| ‡mB AinZMY gvbbxq bvM‡mb‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒbvM‡mb! ivRv wgwj›` ev`-weZvÐg~jK cÖkœ Kwiqv wfÿzmsN‡K weeªZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb| bvM‡mb! Zzwg hvI Ges wgwj›` ivRv‡K `gb Ki|Ó Òf‡šÍ! GK wgwj›` ivRv †Kb, hw` R¤^yØx‡ci mKj ivRv Avwmqv Avgv‡K cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib Z‡e Avwg mK‡ji cÖ‡kœvËi w`qv Dnvw`M‡K kvšÍ Kwie| f‡šÍ! Avcbviv wbf©‡q mvMj bM‡i Mgb Kiæb|Ó ZLb †mB ¯’wei wfÿzMY mn mvMj bMi‡K Kvlvq e‡¯¿ D¾¡j Kwi‡jb I Fwl‡`i AbyKzj cwi‡ek m„wó Kwi‡jb| f`šÍ Avqycv‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡›`i wgjb 38| †mB mgq f`šÍ Avqycv‡ji ms‡Lh¨ cwi‡e‡Y Ae¯’vb Kwi‡Zb| ZLb ivRv wgwj›` ¯^xq AgvZ¨MY‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒA‡nv, †R¨vrøvgqx iRbx eoB igYxq! AvR †Kvb kÖgY wKsev eªvþ‡Yi mwnZ ag©v‡jvPbv I cÖkœ wRÁvmvi Rb¨ hvB‡Z cvwi? †K Avgvi mwnZ ag©v‡jvPbv Kwi‡Z I Avgvi mskq fÄb

LyÏKwbKv‡q wgwj›`-cÖkœ 49 Kwi‡Z mvnm iv‡L?Ó GBiƒc wRÁvwmZ nB‡j cÂkZ heb ivRv wgwj›`‡K Kwn‡jb, ÒgnvivR! Avqycvj bv‡g GK ¯’wei Av‡Qb| wZwb wÎwcUKavix, eûkÖæZ I kv¯¿vwe`| wZwb eZ©gv‡b ms‡Lh¨ cwi‡e‡Y evm K‡ib, Avcwb Zuvnvi wbKU hvb Ges cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiæb|Ó ÒI‡n! Zvnv nB‡j †Zvgiv f`šÍ Avqycvj‡K msev` `vI|Ó ZLb GK wbwgËÁ‡K f`šÍ Avqycv‡ji wbKU cvVvB‡jb Ges Kwn‡jb, Òf‡šÍ! ivRv wgwj›` Avcbvi m‡½ mvÿvr Kwi‡Z B”QyK|Ó Avqy®§vb Avqycvj ewj‡jb, ÒZvnv nB‡j wZwb Avwm‡Z cv‡ib|Ó ZLb ivRv wgwj›` cÂkZ heb cwie„Z nBqv DËg i‡_ Av‡ivnY c~e©K ms‡Lh¨ cwi‡e‡Y Avqy®§vb Avqycv‡ji wbKU DcbxZ nB‡jb| ci¯úi wkóvPvim¤¢vl‡Yi ci wZwb GK cÖv‡šÍ ewm‡jb Ges wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, 39| Òf‡šÍ! Avcwb †Kb cÖeªwRZ nBqv‡Qb? Avcbvi cig D‡Ïk¨ wK? ¯’wei Kwn‡jbÍÒgnvivR! ag©vPiY I mshgvP‡Yi wbwgË Avgv‡`i cÖeªR¨v| kÖvgY¨djB Avgv‡`i cigv_© ev Pig jÿ¨|Ó Òf‡šÍ! M„nx‡`i g‡a¨ †Kn ag©Pvix mshgPvix Av‡Qb wK?Ó Ònuv gnvivR! M„nx I ag©vPiY I mshgPviY Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| evivYmxi FwlcËb g„M`v‡e fMev‡bi ag©Pµ cÖeZ©‡bi mgq AvVvi †KvwU eªþvi ag©vwaMg nBqvwQj, Aci msL¨vZxZ †`eM‡YiI ag©Ávb Drcbœ nBqvwQj, Zuvnv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kn cÖeªwRZ wQ‡jb bv| ciš‘ mK‡jB M„n¯’ wQ‡jb| cybivq fMev‡bi gnvmgq, gnvg½j, mgwPË-cwihvq, ivû‡jvev`, civfe m~‡Îvc‡`‡ki ci AmsL¨ †`eZvi ag©Ávb Drcbœ nBqvwQj| Zuvnviv mK‡jB M„n¯’ wQ‡jb, cÖeªwRZ b‡n|Ó Òf‡šÍ Avqycvj! Zvnv nB‡j Avcbv‡`i cÖeªR¨v wbi_©K| c~e©Rb¥K…Z cvcK‡g©i d‡j kvK¨cyÎxq kÖgYMY cÖeªwRZ nb, ayZv½eªZ AvPiY K‡ib| f‡šÍ Avqycvj! †h mKj wfÿz GKvmwbK ayZv½ aviY K‡ib, Zuvnviv Aek¨B c~e©R‡b¥ ci¯^vcnvix †Pvi nBqv _vwK‡eb| Ac‡ii m¤úwË AcniY Kg© d‡jB eZ©gv‡b GKvmwbK nBqv _v‡Kb| Zuvnviv h_v mgq B”QvgZ †fvRb jvf K‡ib bv| Bnv‡Z Zuvnv‡`i †Kvb kxj bvB, Zcm¨v bvB, Avi eªþPh©¨ bvB| f‡šÍ Avqycvj! †h mKj wfÿz Af¨eKvwkK (mZZ †Lvjv¯’v‡b ev‡mi) ayZv½avix Zuvnviv c~e© R‡b¥ MÖvg-NvZK †Pvi wQ‡jb, nqZt c‡ii Ni bó Kivi cv‡cB GB R‡b¥ me©`v †Lvjv gv‡V evm K‡ib, †Kvb N‡ii wfZi _vwK‡Z cv‡ib bv| Bnv‡Z Zuvnv‡`i †Kvb kxj, Zc I eªþPh©¨ bvB| f‡šÍ

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