DK Eyewitness Travel Guide_ China

GENERAL INDEX 649

Yunnan province (cont.) Zhen Wu emperor 278 Zhou Enlai (cont.)
Naxi people 399 Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) Heroes (Beijing) 89
restaurants 582–3 Nanchang 256, 257
Stone Forest 384–5 292, 293 Nanjing 232
Tiger Leaping Gorge 379, 400– Zheng He, Admiral 67, 284 Peasant Movement Institute
401 Zhengde emperor 58, 59 (Guangzhou) 304
A Week in Guangxi and Yunnan Zhengding 136 Zunyi Conference 416
10, 14 Zhengtong emperor 58
Zhengyang Men (Beijing) 85, 90 Zhou Shouqian 421
Yupi Feng (Wulingyuan) 271 Zhoucheng 394
Yusup Hazi Hajup 515 Street-by-Street map 88 Zhouzhuang 222
Zhengyici Theater (Beijing) 119 Zhu Da 257
Z Zhengzhou 158 Zhu De 72

Zen Buddhism see Chan air travel 615 Long March 263
Buddhism Zhenhai Si (Wutai Shan) 142 Zhu De’s Former Residence
Zhenjiang 224 (Nanchang) 256
Zhalong Nature Reserve 409, 443, Zhenjiang Si (Huanglong Xi) 374 Zhu Jiang, Li river cruise 422
458 Zhenjue Si (Tiantai Shan) 253 Zhu Yuanzhang, General
Zhenning County 406 see Hongwu emperor
Zhan Qian 60 Zhenqing Guan (Kunming) 381 Zhuang people 430
Zhan Wang, Torso 46 Zhenshan 405 Dongson drums 429
Zhang Chunqiao 71 Zhenyuan 414, 415 Guizhou and Guangxi 403
Zhang Daolin 374 Zhenzong emperor 59 Longsheng 426
Zhang Guotao 262 Zhuang Qiao 348
Zhang Huai, Prince 176 Tai Shan 151 Zhuang Song Festival 53
Zhang Ji 217 Zhepuo river 377 Zhuanshu calligraphy 33
Zhang Qian, General 60, 470 Zhezong emperor 59 Zhuge Liang 365, 395
Zhang Sanfeng 278, 279 Zhidi emperor 58 Zhuhai 301
Zhang Xiumei 415 Zhijin Dong 407 Zhuque Shan 453
Zhang Yimou 47, 145, 591 Zhiyi 253 Zhurong Gong (Heng Shan) 267
Zhangdi emperor 58 Zhiyuan Si (Jiuhua Shan) 240 Zhusheng Si (Heng Shan) 267
Zhangmu 551 Zhong Qiu (Mid-Autumn Festival) Zigong 11, 15, 361
Zhangye 494 Zixiao Gong (Wudang Shan) 278
Zhangyiyuan Chazhuang 52 Zoos
Zhongdian 14, 401 Beijing Zoo 105
(Beijing) 91 Zhonghe Si (Dali) 393 Harbin Northern Forest Zoo
Zhanqiao Pier (Qingdao) 152 Zhonghua Gate (Nanjing) 230–31 (Harbin) 457
Zhao Kuangyin 64 Zhongshan Square (Dalian) 450 Hong Kong Zoological &
Zhao Ling (Xi’an) 176 Zhongwei 464, 467, 480 Botanical Gardens 13, 317
Zhao Mo, Nan Yue Tomb Zhongyuan (Hungry Ghost Panda Breeding Center
(Chengdu) 366
(Guangzhou) 306 Festival) 52 see also Wildlife
Zhao Tuo 304, 306 Zhongyue Miao (Songshan) 164 Zoucheng 149
Zhao Zhifeng 363 Zhongzhou Island 298 Zu Miao (Foshan) 308
Zhaodi emperor 58 Zhongzong emperor 58 Zunyi 416
Zhaolin Park (Harbin) 456 Zhou dynasty 57, 59, 64 Long March 262
Zhaoqing 308 Zhou Enlai 73, 256 Zuo Jiang 430
Zhaoxing 403, 427
Zhaozhou Bridge 136 Former Residence of Zhou Enlai
Zhaozong emperor 58 (Shanghai) 200
Zharu Temple, Jiuzhai Gou tour 376 Hongyuan Cun (Chongqing)
Zhe Ta (Wuhu) 239 357
Zhejiang province 245 Jinghong 388
Lingyin Si (Hangzhou) 247
hotels 560 Long March 263
map 245 Monument to the People’s
restaurants 578

650 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Acknowledgments Digital Media Team

Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following Nishi Bhasin, Manjari Rathi Hooda, Pramod Pant,
people whose contributions have made the preparation Mahesh Singh
of this book possible.
Additional Photography
Publishing Managers Max Alexander, Geoff Brightling, Chen Chao © Rough
Kate Poole, Scarlett O’Hara Guides/Tim Draper, Andy Crawford, Gadi Farfour, Steve
Gorton, Colin Keates, Dave King, Stephen Lam, Ian O’Leary,
Managing Editors Jane Miller, Hugh Thompson, Walia BPS, Paul Williams
Vicki Ingle, Anna Streiffert
Photography Permissions
Publisher The Publishers thank all the temples, monasteries,
Douglas Amrine museums, hotels, restaurants, shops, and other sights
for their assistance and kind permission to photograph
Production Co-ordinator their establishments.
Linda Dare
Picture Credits
Additional Contributors Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-centre; f-far; l-left;
Calum Macleod, Helen Glaister, Sarah Waldram, r-right; t-top.
Martin Walters
Works of art have been reproduced with the permission of
Editorial Assistants the following copyright holders:
Katherine Haw, Alka Thakur
Zhang San Feng from The Explanation of Taijiquan Shi Yi
Cartographic Designer by Dong Yingjie scanned by Chip Ellis with thanks to
Alok Pathak Gordon Jolly 279cl.

Cartographic Proofreader 123RF.com: bassphoto 193tl, 586bl; 8 1/2 Otto e Mezzo
Tony Chambers BOMBANA Shanghai: 576bl.

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Proofreader, Chinese Nick Dawson 50bc; Eye Ubiquitous/Trevor Page 357cr;
Jiewei Cheng First Light/Ken Straiton 79tc; Robert Harding World
Imagery 159cla, 17t; Dallas & John Heaton 188; John
Indexer Henshall 15b; Johnny Henshall 15tr; Iain Masterton 25b,
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Joanna James, Sumita Khatwani, Olivia King, Priya Valery Rizzo 48bl; View Stock China 128cl, 159clb; Matthew
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Shobhna Lyer, Carly Madden, Nicola Malone, Rosie Ron Yue 52cr.
Mayer, Peter Neville-Hadley, George Nimmo, Sangita Amanfayun: 554cr, 560tl, 578t.
Patel, Susie Peachey, Helen Peters, Marianne Petrou, Ancient Art & Architecture Collection: 481bc.
Pollyanna Poulter, Sands Publishing Solutions, Supriya Ardea.com: Mary Clay 29crb; David Dixon 26crb, 350cl;
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Catherine Waring, Christine Watts, Jamin York, Gao 28clb; Keith & Liz Laid 350cra; Tom & Pat Leeson 27br;
Xing, Gui Zhiping Adrian Warren 367cra; M. Watson 28cb, 29br, 409br.
The Art Archive: Bibliotheque Nationale de Paris 59cra,
DTP 223cra, 470–71, /Marc Charmet 34tr; British Library 32br,
Shailesh Sharma, Vinod Harish

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 651

34bl, 63tr; British Museum/Eileen Tweedy 80tr; Freer 441crb; Kelly–Mooney Photography 103tc; Christine
Gallery of Art 44–5, 63cr, 286cla; Genius of China Exhibition Kolisch 536tr; Earl & Nazima Kowall 31tr, 39tl, 51tl,
44tr, 57bc, 60bl, 470bl, 470cla; Musée Thomas Dobrée 460br, 461cr, 461cl, 461crb, 461br, 461bl, 519cl, 468bl,
Nantes/Dagli Orti 69tl; National Palace Museum of Taiwan 569bc; Daniel Lainé 399crb; Charles & Josette Lenars
36cl; Palace Museum Beijing 438–9; Private Collection 65tr, 151tl; Paul W. Liebhardt 413bl; Liu Liqun 22tc, 31br,
Paris/Dagli Orti 141bc; School of Oriental & African Studies/ 115tr, 199clb, 311tl, 359clb, 469bl; Chris Lisle 537cr; Craig
Ellen Tweedy 428bl; William Sewell 269tr. Lovell 529br, 539br, 544tr; Ludovic Maisant 399clb;
Lawrence Manning 269bl; Tom Nebbia 418bc; Papilio/
Steven Baigel: 537br. John R. Jones 508tl; Louie Psihoyos 459bl; Carl & Ann
Benoy Behl: 527bc. Purcell 30tr, 37crb, 509br; Jose Fuste Raga 12br; Red
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Rome: 238cl. link, 432-3, /Mu Xiang Bin 195b; Reuters 38bl, 48br, 53tc,
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris: 32tr, 42ca. 275br, 564br, 614br; Roger Ressmeyer 100cr; David
Bookworm, Chengdu: 582t; Samuel Robbins 539bl; Galen Rowell 518t, 528cla, 528–9,
www.bridgeman.co.uk: 36cr, 37cra, 37cl, 42tr, 42cl, 43clb, 528bc, 529cr, 537tc; Royal Ontario Museum 44bl, 45crb,
49tr, 268tr, 440bl, 68crb, 439bl; Bibliotheque des Arts 62ca, 66t, 260br, 261tl, 417cr; Royalty–Free 49bc; Sean
Décoratifs, Paris 439br; Bibliothèque Municipal, Poitiers Sexton Collection 203bl; Stapleton Collection 81tr;
215tr; Bibliothèque Nationale Paris 4tr, 8–9, 34cl, 37tr, 68cb, 30clb, 48cl, 241cla, 241br, 242cla, 243br, 274br, 362br,
149br, 477cb; British Museum 491br; Giraudon 60br; James 412br, 412clb, 413br, 413tl, 413cr, 419tl, 468–9, 510cl, 514cl;
Gray (1757–1815) 439cr; Miss E. M. Gregson 351br; Vince Streano 429bl; Keren Su 402, 448-9; Swim Ink 269tl;
Hermitage 499cb; Illustrated London News 440cl; National Wen Tao 542-3; Robert van der Hilst 187cl, 499cla;
Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan 477cra; Private Collection Viewstock/HeZhiFongi 276-7; Reza Webistan 519br;
215tl, 268cl; Société Asiatique, Collège de France, Paris Nevada Weir 469cr, 513tl; Nick Wheeler 238br; Janet
299cla; V & A Museum 438bl; Yu Zhiding (1647 – p.1709) Wishnetsky 471br; Alison Wright 495clb, 518br; Michael S.
The Depiction of the Poet Wang Yuang (1634–1711) Yamashita 185br, 215crb, 417br; Liang Zhuoming 508b;
watercolor 184tr (d). Xinhua Photo 459br.
British Library, London: 63tl. © The British Museum: CPA Media: 68t, 70tr, 203cl, 438cl, 439tl; David Henley
35tr, 44br, 44bc, 44clb, 45tr, 45bc, 45bl, 45br, 45cra, 231cra, 235crb; Meng Qingbiao/Chinese Government
62–3, 526bc. (1961) 71crb; Oliver Hagreave 303cl; Oliver Hagreave/
Bibliothèque Nationale Paris 66clb.
China Stock: 59bl, 65c, 65bl, 70bl, 71cra, 262br, 300, 422br;
Liu Liqun 5tr, 42cb, 42br, 359tl, 359cra, 409cra, 420cla; Liu Dreamstime.com: Addingwater 386-7; Steve Allen 11tl,
Xiaoyang 274ca. 520-21; Bjmcse 2-3; Cao Hai 23; Chuyu 178-9; Cupertino
Chinapix: 192tr; Zhang Chaoyin 538cl, 538bc. 193tl, Glowonconcept 13tr; Gringos4; Hupeng 46tr; Yiu
China Span: Keren Su 185cl, 223cl. Tung Lee 312; Liangwm 462-3; Lonestarforever 250-1;
Christian MANGE: 584b. Andres Garcia Martin 182b; Jun Mu 290; Zhang Nan 344-5;
Corbis: 69c, 72bl, 73tc, 92cla, 107tl; Peter Adams/JAI 21b; Leung Cho Pan 280-1; William Perry 442; Pindiyath100
Archivio Iconografico, S.A. 439cra; Art on File 13cl; AStock 13br; Pixattitude 192bl, 201bl; Shupian 20; Starfield 188;
232tr; Asian Art & Archaeology Inc. 58cb, 60ca, 62bl, Tyhoonski 182b; Wangkun Jia 233cl; Wingkit 354;
64bc, 64tc, 470crb; Tiziana and Gianni Baldizzone 35cra, Zhaojiankang 244; Xi Zhang 12tl, 74-5; Zhudifeng 195b;
550tc; Dave Bartruff 268bl, 565br, 568cla; Bettman 43ca, Xfdly3 410-11;
71tl, 71br, 72tl, 165bl, 203br, 256bc, 263tl, 303crb, 303ca, DK Images: British Museum 43tl, 44cla, 225bl, /David
383br, 452br; Bohemian Nomad Picturemakers 565tl; Gower 214tr, /Alan Hills 225clb, 225cr, 238cra; Glasgow
Bohemian Nomad Picturemakers/Kevin R Morris 223crb; Museum/Ellen Howdon 527cra; The Jazz Club 571br;
Burstein Collection 36br, 56, 59clb, 61tc, 66bl, 214bc, Judith Miller Archive 260bl, /Sloan’s 260bl, 491bl; courtesy
499br; China features 548bl, /Li Gang 25tr; Christie’s National Maritime Museum/David Spence 155bc, /James
Images 58tr; ChromoSohm INC/Joseph Sohm 112br; Stevenson 43crb; courtesy of Pitt Rivers Museum/ Geoff
Pierre Colombel 491crb, 500tr, 500cla, 500cra, 500clb, Brightling 42tl; private collection 519tc; courtesy of
500bl, 500crb, 500br, 501tl, 501cla, 501clb, 501bl; Dean Science Museum 43bl, /Dave King 43bc; Yorkshire
Conger 141cra, 249br, 511cl, 569c; The Cover Story 469tl; Museum/Harry Taylor 459crb.
Design Pics/Keith Levit 552-3; Ric Ergenbright 223bl; Tim Draper: 427br.
Macduff Everton 73bl, 73cr; Eye Ubiquitous/Bennett Ray Dunning: 225c.
Dean 401tr, 544bl; /Julia Waterlow 34br, 468clb; Michele
Falzone/JAI 14bc; Free Agents Limited 42tr, 441cra; Fotoe: 36tr, 303cb; A Chun 358br; An Ge 27cr; Wang
Christel Gerstenberg 214clb; Philip Gould 286tr; Franck Yizhong 389clb; Wu Dongjun 412–3; Yang Xingbin 382tl;
Guiziou/Hemis 132-3; Peter Guttman 517tl, 517cra; Robert Ying Ge 358cra; Yu Zhi Xin 153bc; Zhang Weiqing 36bl;
Harding World Imagery 14tr, /Jochen Schlenker 208; Fotolia: choikh 324-5; Gary 378.
Historical Picture Archive 299cl, 439tr; Angelo Hornak
499bl; Dave G. Houser 49bl; Hulton Collection 249bl, Getty Images: 619tl; AFP 48–9; Walter Bibikow 264;
440cla, 547tr; Hanan Isachar 30b; Robbie Jack 47bl; Luis Castaneda Inc. 84; Feargus Cooney/Lonely Planet
Wolfgang Kaehler 139bl, 160tr, 440tr, 440br, 440–41c, Images 294-5; Jeff Greenberg 24t; HAIBO BI 482; Robert

652 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Harding tr 472; Image Bank/Angelo Cavalli 612bl; Christian Denzau 27cl, 466b; Elio Delia Ferrera 409bl; Martha Holmes
Kober/AWL Images 166; MelindaChan 492-3; National 28cl; Pete Oxford 26bc, 29bl; David Pike 409cla; Jose B. Ruiz
Geographic 58ca, /Louis Mazzatenta 459cra; Panorama 28crb, 28br; Warwick Sloss 28crb; Lynn Stone 26cra, 26bl;
Media 596-7; Photographer’s Choice/John Warden Solvin Zankl 29clb; Xi Zhinong 409crb.
113tl; Photographer’s Choice/Nikolay Zurek 269cl; David Natural Visions: Heather Angel 351cb, 367cb.
Silverman 369cr; Travel Ink 237tl; Berthold Trenkel 395tl; National Geographic Image Collection: Doug Stern
Feng Wei Photography 506; Huang Xin 300. 174bc; Joseph Rock 396bc.
Grand Lisboa: 581tr; Sally & Richard Greenhill: S.A.C.U. NHPA: 26cla; James Warwick 367br.
70cl, 71tr, 70br. N’s Kitchen, Lijiang: 583br.

Hainen Airlines: 614cl; OSF/Photolibrary.com: 27bl; Deni Bown 27clb; Irvine
Nigel Hicks: 174–5, 284bc; 350clb, 350crb, 350bl, 350br, Cushing 27cb; Robert A. Lubeck 29crb; George Reszeter
377tc, 458br, 508c, 509tl, 510tr, 510bl, 512tl. 29clb; Konrad Wothe 27clb.
Hilton Worldwide: 557c, 574bl. Panos Pictures: 33cra.
Hong Kong Tourism Board: 317tr, 326br, 331tc. The Peak: 319cr, 319tl.
Hotel ICON: 580br. Marianne Petrou: 526cl.
Photo12.Com: OIPS 115cl, 117cl; Panorama Stock 28cr,
Imagine China: 72crb, 115br, 128bl, 268–9; 104bl, 111tl, 112cl, 431t, 438br; Panorama Stock/Zhao
Adrian Bradshaw 201cla, 459cla; Chen Shuyi 101br; Chen Guangtian 470clb.
Yun 495br; CNS 81cr; Fan Chongzhi 287tl, 287tr, 287cra; Photolibrary.com: Jiangshu Li 31cr; James Montgomery
Fang Zhonglin 198clb; Gong Weizhi 93cr; Guangyao 184cr; 14; Keren Su 49c, 50cl; Ming Li 430bl; Panorama 469br;
Hu Qingming 159br; Huang Jinguo 185cr; Huang Shaoyi Xin Li 469tr.
286br; Huang Yizhu 362cla; Jia Guorong 225crb; Jiang Chao Popperfoto.com: 70–1c, 203cra, 203cb.
39cra; Jiang Guohong 46br; Jiang Ren 165cra; Jin Baoyuan Powerstock: Digital Vision Royalty Free 286–7.
185tr; Kan Kan 36cb; Lang Congliu 235tc; Li Jiangsong 35br; Li
Wei 260cla, 260crb, 287br; Liang Weijie 446tl, 446b; Lin By permission of The Random House Group Ltd: 269br.
Weijian 184bl, 192cl, 192cr; Ling Long 52br; Liu Jianming Red Gate Gallery: 101tl.
382br; Liu ling 259br; Liu Liqun 134tl, 270cl, 270bl, 360cla; The Red Mansion Ltd: Cang Xin “The Unification of
Liu Quanju 52tl; Liu Zhaoming 478br, 478t; Long Hai 80bc, Heaven and Men (Ice)” 46cla; Fang Lijun “Series 2 no 2”
81bcr, 195cra, 225br; Luoxiaoyun 460tl; Lu Baohe 299bc; Ma 46–7; Zhan Wang “Torso” 46clb.
Kang 515tl, 516tr; Olivia Savoure 516cla, 517br, 526tr; Shen Reuters: 359br; Jason Lee 117tr.
Yu 184br, 204br, 610br; Shui Xiaojie 278br, 418car; Tang Robert Harding Picture Library: 205tr, 517bl; Nigel Blythe
Jianwei 278tl; Wang Jianxin 81bcl, 366tl; Wang Mengxiang 516bc; Panorama Stock 67tc; A.C. Waltham 528bl.
430cr, 431br; Wei Hui 47cr; Wu Changqing 110tr, 303cla; Wu
Hong 47br, 91br; Xiong Yijun 29cr; Xu Ruikang 185tc; Yan Science & Society Picture Library: 33bl.
Shi 151bc; Yang Xi 234cl, 287cr; Yin Zi 32–3; Yuan Yanwu Shaanxi History Museum: 62br, 62clb, 172br, 173cra, 173crb.
38–9; Yue Sheng 529tl; Zeng Yun 286clb; Zhan Xiadong Shanghai Museum: 196tl, 196cla, 196c, 196clb, 197cl,
529tr; Zhang Fenquan 447br; Zhang Guosheng 97bl; 197cr, 197tc.
Zhang Jie 303bl; Zhang Xing 287br; Zhang Xinmin_ Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd.: 554bl,
Xinjiang 509c, 512b, 509br; Zhang Yongzhe 215br; Zhou 556tr, 556bl, 558br, 575tl, 577br, 579br, 580tl.
Kang 196tr; Zhu Xuesong 271tl, 271cr, 271br; Zhuge Ming Silk Road Lodges: 563tr;
453bl, 528tr; Zou Xian 38br; Zuo Shan 389br. Sinopix Photo Agency: Lou Linwei 48tr, 174br.
Institute of History & Philology: Academia Sinica 32clb. Superstock: Stock Connection 220-1; TAO Images 472, 530;
Yoshio Tomii 372-3.
Jia Shanghai: 559tr. The Swatch Art Peace Hotel: 193cla.

Kobal Collection: Columbia 47tr; Tomson films 47tl. Temple Restaurant Beijing: 573tr.
www.kungfumagazine.com 2005: 165crb, 165clb. Terracotta Army Museum: 174clb, 175tl, 175cra,
175br, 175cr.
David Leffman: 430tl. Terra Galleria Photography: Quang Tuan Luong 368tr,
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.: 399bl. 368cr, 369br, 369tc, 370tr.
Linden Centre, Dali: 555br, 562br. Thames & Hudson Ltd: Photo Eileen Tweedy 34–5.
Tibet Images: Neville Hopwood 526c.
Magnum: Rene Burri 262tr. Tibet Heritage Fund: Andre Alexander 535tl; Yutaka Hirako
Mary Evans Picture Library: 39br, 495crb, 495cr; Kieou 535cra.
King 238c. Topfoto.co.uk: 262cla, 262clb; British Museum 37bc, 69bl;
Sven Hedin Foundation 499cra; The Museum of East Asian
Nasa: 159cra. Art/HIP 67cb.
National Trust Photographic Library: John Hammond 299cr.
Nature Picture Library: Bernard Castelein 26crb; G & H The Upper House: 555tl, 561br.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 653

Courtesy of The Trustees of the V&A: 215bc, 470br; Ian Front Endpaper - Alamy Images: Beijing Eastphoto
Thomas 214–5, 215cl. stockimages Co.,Ltd Rtc; Corbis: Robert Harding World
Imagery/Jochen Schlenker Lftl; Keren Su Lfbl; Dreamstime.
The Wellcome Institute Library, London: 38cl. com: Steve Allen Ltl; Gringos4 Rcr; Yiu Tung Lee Lbr; Jun
Werner Forman Archive: 61cb; Forest of Stelae Mu Rbr; William Perry Rtl; Starfield Lc; Wingkit Lbl;
Museum, Xi’an 471cr; P’yongyang Gallery, North Zhaojiankang Lcl; Fotolia: Gary Lbc; Getty Images: AWL
Korea 37cla; Peking Palace Museum 64crb; Images/Christian Kober Rtr; Walter Bibikow Lclb; HAIBO BI
Private Collection 59br, 67c, 69br; Private Lcr; Luis Castaneda Inc. Rcl; Feng Wei Photography Ltc;
Collection/Sotheby’s 1986 63br; Tanzania National Huang Xin Rcrb; Superstock: TAO Images Ltr.
Museum 471bl; Victoria & Albert Museum 59br;
Yang-Tzu-Shaw 60crb. Jacket Front andSpine– Getty Images: Keren Su
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All other images © Dorling Kindersley. For further
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654 GLOSSARY

Glossary

Architecture sanxian three-stringed lute Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
sheng modern instrument based on areas, such as Shenzhen, set aside
cheng city; also means city wall the lusheng with 17 to 37 pipes in the 1980s for a capitalist test of
chorten or stupa, a Buddhist suona double-reeded wind a freer economy and to attract
tower containing sacred objects instrument, similar to an oboe foreign investment
dian pavilion taotie pattern on Shang bronze; triad a secret society, especially one
dougong elaborate bracket possibly representing a mythical involved in organized crime
attaching column to beam man-eating beast
ge storied pavilion xiao bamboo flute Natural Features
gompa Tibetan monastery xun rounded clay wind instrument
gong palace; usually denotes a zheng many-stringed zither chi lake or pool
Daoist temple dao island
gulou drum tower History & Politics dong cave
hutong alleyway feng peak
ling tomb cadre Communist party bureaucrat gongyuan park
lou storied building canton a small territory where for- gou gully
men city gate eign traders were required to re-side hai sea
miao temple, usually Confucian during 18th and 19th century haitan beach
mu tomb Communist Party ruling party in he river
nanmu cedar with much-valued China since 1949 hu lake
straight trunk used for columns concession an area of land ceded jiang river
paifang ornamental gateway to a foreign government karst limestone landscape with
pailou ornamental gateway Cultural Revolution radical irregular peaks, underground streams,
qiao bridge attempt to socialize China’s culture, caves, and sinkholes (see pp418–9)
si temple, usually Buddhist 1966–76 (see pp70–71) pubu waterfall
siheyuan courtyard house Gang of Four high-profile group shan mountain
Spirit Tower pavilion at entrance to responsible for some of the Cultural shui water
an imperial tomb Revolution’s worst excesses (see p71) shuiku reservoir
Spirit Way straight road leading to Great Leap Forward Mao’s tan pool
an imperial tomb and lined with disastrous policy to force the xi stream
guardian statues collectivism of agriculture (1958–60), xia gorge
stele free-standing stone slab or resulting in wide-spread famine
pillar engraved with text Kuomintang (KMT) founded by Religion & Philosophy
stupa a Buddhist tower containing Sun Yat Sen; fought the Communists
sacred objects for 25 years under Chiang Kai Shek; A-Ma Macau’s Goddess of the Sea; see
ta pagoda moved to Taiwan where it is still a Tianhou
tang hall major party Amitabha Buddha Buddha of
yuan garden Legalism fascistic political philo- boundless light
zhanglou bell tower sophy dominant during the Qin Analects (Lunyu) major work
dynasty based on the idea that man compiled by Confucius’s followers of
Culture is undisciplined and must be his sayings
controlled through fear arhat or luohan; one of the
celadon pottery with greenish glaze Little Red Book Mao’s sayings Buddha’s 18 disciples
cloisonné enamelling, in which the compiled by Lin Biao, head of the Avalokitesvara bodhisattva of
enamel is raised and separated by PLA, in 1966 as a treatise for Red compassion
fine pieces of wire Guards and the PLA bagua eight trigrams ranged
erhu two-stringed fiddle Long March Epic tactical retreat of around a yin-yang symbol; a
huaju spoken theater the Communist Party from Nation- codification of qi (see pp36–7)
jingju Beijing Opera alist forces in 1935 (see p262) Bodhidarma Indian monk who
lacquer wood glazed with sap from Nationalist Party the Kuomintang traveled to China in the 6th century
the lac tree which is carved before People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and started the Chan (Zen) sect of
completely dry (see p298) Communist military forces Buddhism
lusheng bamboo instrument with Red Guard unruly movement bodhisattva Buddhist deities who
numerous pipes approved by Mao during the have postponed nirvana to help
model opera operas based on a Cultural Revolution to weed out others
proletarian heroic model, promoted counter-revolutionaries and destroy Bon indigenous animistic faith of
by Mao’s wife Jiang Qing during the evidence of the past Tibet (see p526)
Cultural Revolution soviet regional Communist base, Buddha the awakened one,
pipa lute-like instrument e.g. Jiangxi Soviet originally the Indian Gautama
porcelain translucent ceramic ware Special Administrative Region Buddha; in Chinese and Tibetan
made from clay containing kaolin (SAR) Regions, such as Hong Kong schools the Buddha has numerous
and feldspar, and fired at high and Macau, provided with a high forms (see pp36, 491, 526–7)
temperatures (see p260) degree of autonomy and a capitalist Buddhism religion based on the
sancai tri-glazed pottery, prevalent economy teachings of the 6th-century BC
during Tang dynasty Indian teacher Gautama Buddha

GLOSSARY 655

Chan School of Buddhism spread Mahayana, Greater Vehicle, Miscellaneous
by Bodhidarma; popular in Japan dominant form of Buddhism in
as Zen Buddhism China and Japan with ritual and bei north
Chenresig Tibetan name for devotional practices, and worship binguan tourist hotel
bodhisattva Avalokitesvara of bodhisattvas bowuguan museum
Confucius or Kong Fuzi Maitreya the future Buddha; the CAAC Civil Aviation Administration
(551– 479 BC); developed the Buddha that has yet to come Authority
philosophy of Confucianism, which mandala an esoteric diagram of canting restaurant
was then spread by his followers circles and squares around a central Cantonese dialect of Chinese
Confucianism dominant philo- focal point used as a meditation aid spoken in the south
sophy prescribing a structured and forming an important part of cheongsam a tight-fitting dress
society based on filial relationships Tibetan Buddhist iconography with a high collar and slit skirt
(see p36) Manjusri bodhisattva of wisdom CITS China International Travel
Dafo Great Buddha Marmedze the past or Gautama Service; organization for interna-
Damo Chinese name for Buddha tional tourists, whose main interest
Bodhidarma Mazu Goddess of the Sea; see is selling tours and tickets
Dao in Daoism the way that perme- Tianhou CTS China Travel Service;
ates reality; a single cosmic force Milefo the future or Maitreya organization similar to CITS
Daode Jing Daoist The Way and Buddha represented as the plump cun village
Power Classic attributed to Laozi Laughing Buddha da big
Daoism philosophy expounding nirvana in Buddhism, having dadao wide street or
non-action and living in harmony broken from the cycle of rebirth; boulevard
with the Dao or Way; became a attained via the extinction of desire dajie avenue (literally “big road”)
pantheistic religion (see p37) and individual consciousness dong east
dharmapala protector deities of Nyingma oldest Tibetan Buddhist fandian hotel or restaurant
Tibetan Buddhism sect founded by Guru Rinpoche fen smallest denomination; there
Dipamkara in Tibetan Buddhism, Padmasambhava Guru Rinpoche are 100 fen to a yuan
the past Buddha Puxian bodhisattva of universal ger round tent used by nomads of
Eight Immortals Daoist adepts benevolence; rides an elephant the steppe; a yurt
each with a superhuman power qi concept of vital force and cosmic jiao there are 10 fen to one jiao;
feng shui a form of geomancy that energy (see pp38–9) and 10 jiao to one yuan; also
determines the flow of qi through a Sakyamuni the past Buddha; called mao
physical place (see p37) Gautama Buddha jie street
fo a Buddha in Putonghua sutra sacred Buddhist writing; a jinguan hotel
Gelugpa Most powerful Tibetan discourse of the Buddha kuai colloquial word for yuan
Buddhist sect, headed by the thangka Buddhist painting on laowai foreigner
Dalai Lama; also called the Yellow silk, originally used as objects lokbar traditional heavy wool
Hat sect of meditation and portable Tibetan robe
Guanyin bodhisattva of compas- teaching tools lu road
sion in Chinese Buddhism Theravada (Hinayana, Lesser mahjong popular rummy-like
Guardian Kings four protective Vehicle) school of Buddhism game played with small tiles
deities of the cardinal directions; practiced in Southeast Asia and mao colloquial term for jiao
often stationed at the entrance of a India emphasizing the importance of nan south
temple an ascetic way of life Pinyin a standardized system for
Guru Rinpoche spreader of Tianhou Daoist Empress of Heaven transliterating Chinese characters
Buddhism through Tibet and Goddess of the Sea, equal to into the roman alphabet
Jampa the future or Maitreya Buddhist Guanyin (see p155) PSB Public Security Bureau; branch
Buddha in the Tibetan pantheon Tinhau Tianhou in Hong Kong; see of the police force that deals with
Jampalyang bodhisattva of Tianhou foreigners
wisdom in Tibetan Buddhism trigram one of the eight sets of PRC People’s Republic of China
Jowo Sakyamuni in Tibetan three broken (yin) and unbroken Putonghua Mandarin; the form of
Buddhism, the present Buddha (yang) lines combined in pairs to Chinese that is the official language
karma in Buddhism, the merit make hexagrams for divination of China
accrued by a person’s actions, using the Yijing qigong martial art concentrating
determining their destiny Wenshu bodhisattva of wisdom on the control of breath and qi
kora circuits of holy sites made by yang masculine, sun, positive; renminbi currency; literally “the
Tibetan Buddhists to accrue merit interacts with the complementary people’s money”
Laozi first Daoist who may have opposing force of yin sheng province
lived during the 6th century BC and Yijing classic ancient text, The Book shi city or municipality
produced the Daode Jing of Changes, made up of oracles tai ji quan (supreme ultimate fist)
Laughing Buddha Milefo, the consulted for divination; source of martial art made up of slow, flowing
future Buddha Daoist and Confucian philosophies movements (see p279)
luohan or arhat; one of the (see p39) xi west
Buddha’s 18 disciples yin feminine, moon, negative; yuan China’s currency; divided
Lunyu Confucian writings, the interacts with the complementary into 10 jiao and 100 fen; also
Analects opposing force of yang called kuai
zhong middle

656 PHRASE BOOK

Phrase Book

The Chinese language belongs to the Sino- in vertical columns from top right to bottom
Tibetan family of languages and uses characters left, however the Western style is widely used.
which are ideographic – a symbol is used to There are several romanization systems; the
represent an idea or an object. Mandarin Pinyin system used here is the official system in
Chinese, known as Putonghua in mainland mainland China. This phrase book gives the
China, is fairly straightforward as each character English word or phrase, followed by the Chinese
is monosyllabic. Traditionally, Chinese is written script, then the Pinyin for pronunciation.

Guidelines for Pronunciation In an Emergency Qing bangmang
Ting zhu
Pronounce vowels as in these English Help! Jiao yisheng
words: Stop! Jiao jiuhuche
Call a doctor! Jiao jiingcha
a as in “father” Call an ambulance! Huo
Call the police! Yiyuan/jingcha
e as in “lurch” Fire!
Where is the fenju zai nali ?
i as in “see”
hospital/police Nihao
o as in “solid” station? Zaijian
shi/bushi
u as in “pooh” Communication Essentials bushi
Wo shi … ren
ü as the French u or German ü (place your Hello Wo mingbai
lips to say oo and try to say ee) Goodbye Wo bu zhidao
Yes/no Xiexie ni
Most of the consonants are pronounced as in … not … Duo xie
English. As a rough guide, pronounce the I’m from…
following consonants as in these English words: I understand Xiexie
I don’t know Bu yong xie
c as ts in “hats” Thank you Bu, xiexie ni
Thank you very Qing
q as ch in “cheat” much Qing wen
Thanks (casual) Wo Bu mingbai
x as sh in “sheet” You’re welcome Ni hui jiang
No, thank you yingyu ma?
z as ds in “heads” Please (offering) Wo buhui jiang
Please (asking) hanyu
zh as j in “Joe” I don’t understand Qing jiang man
Do you speak
Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language with four English? yidian
tones, represented in Pinyin by one of the I can’t speak Baoqian/duibuqi
following marks ¯ ´ ˘ ` above each vowel – the Chinese Ni neng bang zhu
symbol shows whether the tone is flat, rising, Please speak more wo ma?
falling and rising, or falling. The Chinese slowly
characters do not convey this information: tones Sorry/Excuse me! Wo jiao …
are learnt when the character is learnt. Teaching Could you help Ni hao, hen
tones is beyond the scope of this small gaoxing jiandao
phrasebook, but a language course book with a me please? (not ni
cassette or CD will help those who wish to take emergency) Ni hao ma?
the language further. Zaoshang hao
Useful Phrases Xiawu hao/
Dialects Ni hao
My name is …. Wanshang hao
There are many Chinese dialects in use. It is hard How do you do, Wan an
to guess exactly how many, but they can be Zaijian
roughly classified into one of seven large groups pleased to meet Bao zhong
(Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Hui etc.), each you Zhuyi shenti
group containing a large number of more minor How are you? Ni yeshi
dialects. Although all these dialects are quite Good morning (zhe) shi shenme?
different – Cantonese uses six tones instead of Good afternoon/ Ni zenyang yong
four – Mandarin or Putonghua, which is mainly good day
based on the Beijing dialect, is the official Good evening zhege dongxi?
language. Despite these differences all Chinese Good night Neng buneng qing
people are more or less able to use the same Goodbye
formal written language so they can understand Take care ni gei wo …
each other’s writing, if not each other’s speech. Keep well (casual)
The same to you Zhe’r you … ma?
What is (this)?
How do you
use this?
Could I possibly
have …? (very
polite)
Is there … here?

PHRASE BOOK 657

Where can I get …? Wo zai na li keyi cash xianjin
de dao …? credit card xinyongka
How much is it? Ta yao duoshao currency waihui
qian? exchange office duihuanchu
What time is …? … shenme shijian dollars meiyuan
Cheers! (toast) Ganbei pounds yingbang
Where is the Weishengjian/ yuan yuan
Xishoujian zai
restroom/toilet? Keeping in Touch Dianhua zai nali?
nali?
Here’s my Zhe shi wo de Where is a Wo keyi yong nide
business card. mingpian. telephone? dianhua ma?

Useful Words wo May I use your shouji
nüren phone? sim ka
I nanren Nihao, wo shi
woman qizi Mobile phone Wo xiang da ge
man zhangfu sim card
wife nü’er Hello, this is … guoji changtu
husband er’zi I’d like to make an dianhua.
daughter xiaohai Wo keyi zai nali
son er’tong international call shangwang?
child shangren/ hangkong
children Where can I get dianzi youjian
businessman/ nüshangren online? chuanzhen
xuesheng hulianwang
woman xiansheng/taitai/ airmail mingxinpian
student e-mail youju
Mr./Mrs./Ms. … nüshi fax youpiao
da/xiao internet dianhua ting
big/small re/liang postcard dianhua ka
hot/cold leng post office
cold (to touch) nuan stamp Wo keyi zai nali
warm hao/buhao/ telephone booth maidao …?
good/not good/ huai telephone card
goule Zhe yao duoshao
bad mianfei Shopping qian?
enough zheli
free (no charge) nali Where can I Tai gui le!
here zhege buy …? Wo zhishi kankan.
there na Ni you …… ma?
this nage How much does Wo keyi shi chuan
that (nearby) Shenme? this cost?
that (far away) Shenme shihou? ma?
what? Wei shenme? Too much! Wo de chicun?
when? Zai nali? I’m just looking Qing gei wo
why? Shui? Do you have …?
where? Nage fangxiang? May I try this on? kankan na ge.
who? You meiyou qita
which way? kai My size?
guan Please show me yanse?
Signs rukou heise
chukou that. lanse
open weixian Does it come in zongse
closed anquanmen lüse
entrance xinxi other colors? zise
exit Weishengjian/ black hongse
danger blue baise
emergency exit Xishoujian brown huangse
information (nanshi) (nüshi) green pianyi/gui
restroom/toilet zhanyong purple yinxiang shebei
(men) (women) kongxian red shudian
nanshi white shizhuangshang–
occupied nüshi yellow dian
free (vacant) cheap/expensive yifu
men Qing ni ba ta audio equipment baihuo shangdian
women huancheng … bookstore dianqi shangdian
boutique yu shi
Money hao ma? minjian gongyipin
Wo xiang ba clothes nüshi fuzhuang
Could you change department store difang techan
this into? please. lüxing zhipiao electrical store shichang
huancheng fish market nanshi fuzhuang
I’d like to cash xianjjin. folk crafts baotan
these travelers’ Ni shou xinyongka/ ladies’ wear yaojishi
checks. lüxing zhipiao local specialty tupian mingxinpian
ma? market lianjiachushou
Do you take credit yinhang men’s wear jinianpin dian
cards/travelers’ newsstand chaoshi
checks? pharmacist lüxing she
picture postcard
bank sale
souvenir shop
supermarket
travel agent

658 PHRASE BOOK

Sightseeing … zai nali? taxi chuzuche
Wo zenme dao …? ticket piao
Where is …? Yuan bu yuan? ticket office shoupiao chu
How do I get to …? meishu guan timetable shikebiao
Is it far? dingpiao tai
art gallery qiao Trains Qu … de piaojia
reservations desk chengshi shi duoshao?
bridge shi zhongxin What is the fare
city mianfei ruchang to …? Qu … de huoche
city center huayuan shenme shihou
free entry wen quan When does the kai?
gardens lüyou xinxi chu train for … leave?
hot spring Qu … yao duoshao
tourist information dao How long does it shijian?
siyuan take to get to …?
office shan Mai yizhang qu …
island bowuguan A ticket to …, de piao
monastery gongdian please
mountain gongyuan Wo yao buyao
museum gangkou Do I have to huanche?
palace jiang, he change?
park feixu Wo xiang yuding
port gouwu qu I’d like to reserve yige zuowei
river shendian a seat, please
ruins jie Qu … de huoche
shopping area si/miao Which platform zai nage zhantai?
shrine lüxing for the train to …?
street zhen Zhe shi shenme
temple cun Which station is chezhan?
tour, travel sheng/xian this?
town dongwuyuan Zhe huoche shi
village bei Is this the right bushi qu …?
province/county nan train for …?
zoo dong huoche zhan
north xi train station zhida kuaiche
south zuo/you express train kuai che
east yizhi xiangqian fast train putong lieche
west zai … zhijian ordinary train xianlu
left/right jin/yuan line difang lieche
straight ahead shang/xia local train zhantai
between xin platform yuding zuowei
near/far jiu reserved seat ditie
up/down genggao/gengdi subway huoche
new zhongjian train wei yuding de
old/former zai … li unreserved seat
upper/lower zai … qianmian zuowei
middle/inner hard seat yingzuo
in jichang soft seat ruanzuo
in front of zixingche hard sleeper yingwo
renliche soft sleeper ruanwo
Getting around Wo xiang zu upgrade ticket shengji chepiao
yiliang zixingche.
airport gonggong qiche Accommodations Nimen you meiyou
bicycle tekuai gonggong kong fang jian?
rickshaw Do you have any
I want to rent qiche vacancies? Wo you yuding de
mianbaoche fangjian
a bicycle gonggong qiche I have a
Ordinary bus reservation Wo xiang yao yige
Express bus zong zhan you weishengjian
Nayilu gonggong I’d like a room
Minibus with a bathroom de taojian
Main bus station qiche dao … qu? Mei wan de shoufei
Xiayiliang gonggong What is the charge
Which bus goes per night? shi duoshao?
to …? qiche shi Jiage you meiyou
shenme shihou? Are the taxes baokuo shui?
When is the Qing gaosu wo zai included in the
next bus? nali xia che. price? Wo keyi ba xingli
xiaoqiche fang zai zheli
Please tell me duchuan Can I leave my yihui ‘er ma?
where to get off? du kou luggage here for
xingli shi Wo keyi kan yi
car motuoche a little while? kan fangjian ma?
ferry dancheng piao Can I have a look
ferry dock wangfan piao Kongtiao
baggage room at the room? xizao
motorcycle air-conditioning tui fang
one-way ticket bath dingjin
return ticket check-out shuangren chuang
deposit chuifeng ji
double bed re (kai) shui
hair drier fangdian
hot (boiled) water lüguan
hotel (upscale) zhaodaisuo
hotel (downscale) fangjian
hostel jingji fang
room yaoshi
economy room qiantai
key
front desk

PHRASE BOOK 659

single/twin room danren/shuangren beef niurou
fang beer pijiu
single beds bread mianbao
shower danren chuang butter huangyou
standard room linyu cabbage juanxincai
deluxe suite biaozhun fangjian cake dangao
haohua taofang chicken ji
Eating Out candies tangguo
Qing gei wo yi/ crab xie
A table for liang/san ge ren duck ya
one/two/three, de zhuozi eel man
please Qing gei wo egg dan
kankan caidan eggplant qiezi
May I see the You meiyou fermented jiang
menu? taocan?
Wo xiang yao … soybean paste yu
Is there a set Qing gei wo fish chao dan
menu? zhege fried egg you doufu
Wo shi sushizhe. fried tofu shuiguo
I’d like …. Fuwuyuan! fruit guo zhi
May I have one of Ni tuijian na jige? fruit juice jiang
ginger huotui
those? Zhege zenme chi? ham hanbaobao
I am a vegetarian hamburger meiwei jiayao
Waiter/waitress! Qing gei wo yiba haute cuisine leng pen
What would you cha/dao/tangshi hors d’oeuvres bingqilin
Qing ba zhangdan ice cream guojiang
recommend? jam longxia
How do you eat kaigei women lobster qingyu
Qing zai gei mackerel gan ju
this? mandarin orange rou
May I have a women yixie … meat gua
Fancai hen hao melon shandi shucai
fork/knife/spoon mountain
May we have the chi, xiexie mian
hunhe can vegetables jidan mian
check please. hezhuang wucan noodles mianfen mian
May we have zaocan egg noodles
zizhucan wheat flour mifen mian
some more … kuaizi
The meal was very haochi noodles zhangyu
wancan rice flour jiandanbing
good, thank you he yangcong
assortment yibei yinliao noodles muli
packed lunch chi octopus taozi
breakfast shipin omelet hujiaofen, lajiao
buffet bao onion paocai
chopsticks re/leng oyster zhurou
delicious e peach tudou
dinner wucan pepper mifan
to drink taocan pickles baomihua bing’gan
a drink suan la pork mi jiu
to eat la potato kao niurou
food tian rice sela
full (stomach) dan rice crackers lücai sela
hot/cold xi can rice wine hunban sela
hungry roast beef guiyu, damahayu
lunch zizhucanguan/ salad
set menu canting green salad yan
spicy mixed salad sanmingzhi
hot (spicy) kafei dian salmon xiangchang
sweet wang ba jiucong
mild dangdi jiuba salt haidai
Western food mianpu sandwich xia
canguan sausage didiao
Places to eat fangdian scallion tang
chashi seaweed jiangyou
cafeteria/canteen sucai guan shrimp youyu
snapper (fish) niupai
coffee shop pingguo soup tang
Internet café xianrou soy sauce kao mianbao
local bar sun squid zunyu
noodle stall doufu steak shucai
restaurant dou ya sugar xigua
restaurant (upscale) dou toast suannai
tea garden trout
vegetarian vegetables
watermelon
restaurant yoghurt

Food

apple
bacon
bamboo shoots
beancurd
bean sprouts
beans

660 PHRASE BOOK

Drinks pijiu 21 ershi yi
hong cha 22 ershi er
beer (re) kafei 30 sanshi
black tea 40 sishi
coffee (hot) bu jia niunai 100 yi bai
jia niunai 101 yi bai ling yi
black guolü 200 er bai
coffee with milk kapuqinuo kafei 300 san bai
kele 400 si bai
filter lü cha 500 wu bai
cappuccino bing kafei 600 liu bai
cola ningmeng cha 700 qi bai
green tea niunai 800 ba bai
iced coffee kuang quanshui 900 jiu bai
lemon tea cheng zhi 1,000 yi qian
milk dou jiang 1,001 yi qian ling yi
mineral water cha (xi shi) 2,000 liang qian
orange juice jia niunai de cha 10,000 yi wan
soya drink (milk) shui 20,000 liang wan
tea (Western-style) weishiji 100,000 shi wan
tea with milk putaojiu 1,000,000 yi bai wan
water suannai yinliao 123,456 shier wan san qian
whiskey
wine Wo ganjue bu Time si bai wushi liu
yoghurt drink shufu
Monday xingqiyi
Health Wo … teng. Tuesday xingqi’er
Wo dui … guomin Wednesday xingqisan
I don’t feel well purexitong Thursday xingqisi
Friday xingqiwu
I have a pain in … asipilin Saturday xingqiliu
I’m allergic to … xiaochuan Sunday xingqitian
acetaminophen ganmao January yiyue
biyuntao February eryue
(paracetamol) kesou March sanyue
aspirin yayi April siyue
asthma tangniaobing May wuyue
cold fuxie June liuyue
condom yisheng July qiyue
cough fashao August bayue
dentist liugan September jiuyue
diabetes touteng October shiyue
diarrhea yiyuan November shiyiyue
doctor yaopin December shi’eryue
fever wenxiang Spring chun
flu wenzhang Summer xia
headache chuantong fall/autumn qiu
hospital winter dong
medicine zhongyi noon zhongwu
mosquito coil yaodian midnight wuye
mosquito netting chufang today jintian
traditional weishengjin yesterday zuotian
Chinese medicine weitong tomorrow mingtian
pharmacy zhijin this morning jintian shangwu
prescription yateng this afternoon jintian xiawu
sanitary pads this evening jintian wanshang
stomach ache ling for the whole day yi zheng tian
tissues yi
toothache er (continuous) mei tian
san every day yue
Numbers si month xiaoshi
wu hour shijian
0 liu time/hour
1 qi fenzhong
2 ba (duration) jin nian
3 jiu minute qu nian
4 shi this year ming nian
5 shiyi last year yi nian
6 shier next year wan
7 ershi one year zao
8 late henkuai
9 early xianzai
10 soon
11 now
12
20