Handbook for Living in the United States (अमेरिकामा बसोबास, सहयोगी पुस्तक)

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Handbook for Living
in the United States

Editors
Rajesh Koirala
Douglas Hall

Text Prepared By
Lutheran Social Services of New England

261 Sheep Davis Road, Suite A-1
Concord, NH 03301
www.lsnne.org

Printed in the United State of America By
Gyan Jyoti Kendra
10 Ashley Drive

Manchester, NH 03103
www.gyanjyotikendra.org

First Edition: January, 2012

Price in the U.S. $14.00

ISBN: 978-0-615-58000-5

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iv

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v

Contents

à Acknowledgments...................................................................xi
à Uses for this Book................................................................xiv
01. The Resettlement Agency......................................................1

● What Is a Resettlement Agency? ● You and the Resettlement Agency
●What Will theAgency Provide ? ●Social Security Card ●Your Responsibilities
● English Classes ● Employment ● Being on Time ● Education ● Self-
Sufficiency ● Adjustment of Status ● Documents ● Congratulations on Your
Resettlement.

02. Housing.....................................................................................7

● Your Home ● Housing Terms ● Before Moving ● Maintaining Your Apartment
● Kitchen ● Kitchen Appliances ● Counter Tops ● Garbage, Trash and
Recycling ● Bed Bugs ● Housing Rights and Responsibilities ● Moving Out
● Heating and Air Conditioning ● Fire Safety

03. Education................................................................................17

● Education ● Child Education ● Public Schools ● Immunizations ● School
Structure ● School Year ● School Meals ● Attendance ● Transportation
● Subjects Taught ● English Language Learning ● Homework ● Report Cards
● Behavior ● Parent Involvement ● Parents’ Responsibilities at Home ● Adult
Education ● ESL and Literacy Classes ● GED ● Higher Education ● Vocational
Training ● Community Colleges ● Colleges and Universities ● Applying
to College ● The Cost of College ● Paying for College ● Foreign Degree/
Certificate Equivalency ● Summary

04. Social Services & Public Assistance...................................33

● Help for Low Income Families ● Private Assistance ● Food Stamps ● WIC
● Medicaid ● Medicare ● SSI ● TANF ● Refugee Cash Assistance ● Matching
Grants ● Housing Assistance ● Energy Assistance ● Public Assistance and
Fraud ● Interpreters ● Keeping Program Information Current ● Goal of Self-
sufficiency

05. Health Care...........................................................................43

● Health Services in the United States ● Scientific Methods ● First Health
Screening ● Private Health Insurance ● GovernmentAssistance for Health Care
● Medicare ● Medicaid ● Applying for Medicaid ● Using Medicaid ● Limits
on Receiving Medicaid ● Refugee Medical Assistance ● Health Coverage
● Doctors and Health Clinics ● Appointments ● Routine Medical Exams
● Seeing a Doctor ● Using an Interpreter ● Informed Consent ● Confidentiality
● Hospitals ● Emergency Care ● Ambulances ● Immunizations ● Medical
Tests ● X-rays, MRI And CT Scans ● Discounts and Financial Assistance
● Prescriptions ● Taking Medicine ● Storing Medicine ● Dental Health and
Dentists ● Mental Health ● Refugees and Mental Health ● Depression ● Other
Types of Mental Illnesses ● Suicide ● Drug and Alcohol Abuse

vi

06. Food Safety and Nutrition...................................................63

● Keeping Your Family Healthy ● Food Preparation ● Keeping Food Safe
● Handling of Raw and Cooked Food ● Refrigerator and Freezer ● Cleaning
of Dishes and Cookware ● Disposal of Garbage ● Eating Healthy ● Basic
Nepali Foods ● Fruit and Vegetables ● Preparing Vegetables ● Whole Grains
● Reduce the Amount of Fat ● Reduce the Amount of Salt ● Limit the Amount
of Sugar ● Healthy Children ● Solid Foods for Babies ● Healthy Meal Time
● Shop for Healthy Foods ● Food Stores ● Farmers' Markets ● Food
Labeling

07. Jobs and Employment............................................................73

● Ready for Work ● Importance of Working ● Types of Jobs ● Finding a Job
● Tips to Finding a Job ● Job Application ● Resume ● How to Prepare for
a Job Interview ● Job Interview ● Post Interview Courtesy ● Starting A Job
● Tips for Success on the Job ● Men and Women in the Workplace ● Work
Schedule ● Employee Rights ● Getting Paid ● Income ● How You May Be
Paid ● Taxes ● Minimum Wage ● Earned Income Tax Credit ● Job Upgrading
● Losing a Job ● Unemployment Benefits

08. Personal Hygiene and Clothing..........................................85

● Personal Hygiene ● Products for Personal Hygiene ● Germs ● Washing Your
Hands ● When to Wash Your Hands ● Clean Body ● Shampoo and Conditioner
for Your Hair ● Deodorant ● Brushing Teeth ● Flossing Teeth ● Laundry
● Doing Laundry ● Laundry Soap ● Clothing ● Wearing Traditional Clothing
● Clothing for School ● Clothing for Work ● Clothing for Cold Weather
● Clothing for Hot Weather ● Shoes ● Clothing Sizes

09. Local Transportation and Own Car...................................93

● Local Transportation ● Walking ● Bicycles ● Taxis ● Buses ● Bus Stops
● Bus Schedules and Maps ● Bus Tickets and Passes ● Subways and Commuter
Rail ● Buying and Owning a Car ● New or Used ● Gas Mileage ● Buying a Car
● Negotiating the Price ● Paying for a Car ● Vehicle Title ● Car Registration
● Car Insurance ● Vehicle Inspection ● Responsibilities ● Driver’s License
● Driving Laws ● Car Accidents ● Child Car Seats ● Driving and the Police

10. Money management and banking........................................107

● Creating A Budget ● Using Your Budget ● Paying Your Bills ● Conserve
Energy and Save Money ● Save Money Shopping ● Why Use a Bank?
● Bank Accounts ● Opening a Bank Account ● Bank Account Fees ● Monthly
Statements ● Direct Deposit ● Debit Card ● ATM ● Loans ● IOM Travel Loan
● Credit Unions ● Individual Development Account (IDA) ● Taxes ● Credit
● Credit Report ● Credit Card ● American Money

11. Cultural Adjustment and Integration..............................121

● Adjustment ● What Is Adjustment? ● What Is Culture? ● The Stages
of Adjustment ● Stage One - Arrival ● Stage Two - Reality ● Stage
Three- Adjustment ● What Can You Do? ● What Is Stress? ● Give

vii

Yourself Time to Adjust ● Signs of Stress ● Ways to Manage Stress
● Meeting Neighbors ● Being a Good Neighbor ● Being on Time
● Privacy ● Informality and Names ● Some Questions Not to Ask ● Personal
Space ● Body Language ● Changing Roles in the Family ● Men and Women
● School Age Children ● Teenagers ● Grandparents ● Integration ● Protecting
Cultural Heritage ● Participate in Community Organizations ● Reading and
Writing in Nepali Language

12. Rights, Responsibilities, and Laws.....................................135

● Legal System in the United States ● Your Rights ● Your Responsibilities
● Violent Crime ● Driving Laws ● Laws Related to Sex ● Domestic Violence
● Types of Abuse ● Getting Help from Abuse ● Smoking and Alcohol
● Selective Service ● Income Taxes ● The Police ● If You Are Arrested ● Crime
and Deportation

13. Safety and Emergencies......................................................145

● Child Safety ● Street Safety ● Home Safety ● Kitchen Safety ● Fire Safety
● What Is 911? ● Calling 911 ● When Not To Call 911 ● Police ● Fire
● Ambulance ● When a Victim, Seek Help

14. Communication.....................................................................153

● Home Telephone ● Cell Phone ● Telephone Numbers ● Telephone Etiquette
● Calling Nepal or Bhutan ● Telephone Bills ● TV ● Cable TV ● Internet
● World Wide Web (WWW) ● Safe Use of Internet ● Newspapers

15. Parents and Children..........................................................161

● Building Good Relationships ● Be Involved ● Child Supervision ● Child
Abuse and Child Neglect ● Child Protective Services ● Support ● Talking to
Children

16. Family Planning, Prenatal Health, and Giving Birth....167

● Family Planning ● Birth Control Options ● Getting Birth Control ● Pregnancy
● Prenatal Care ● Prenatal Visits with Doctor ● Do’s and Don’ts – Food
● Do’s and Don’ts – Lifestyle ● Financial Assistance and Medical Insurance
● Preparing for Delivery ● Going to the Hospital ● At the Hospital ● Taking
Your Baby Home ● At Home

17. Major Life Events...............................................................175

● Traditional Ceremonies in a New Land ● Births ● Birth Certificate ● Rice
Feeding Ceremony ● Marriages ● Marriage License ● Marriage Certificate
● Deaths ● Death Certificate ● Funeral Home ● Cremation ● Mourning Period

18. Permanent Residency and Citizenship...............................183

● Your Immigration Status ● Becoming a Permanent Resident ● Applying
for a Green Card ● Biometrics ● Approval of Permanent Residency
● When You Move ● Limits on Benefits ● Deciding to Become a Citizen
● Becoming a Citizen ● Preparing for the Application Process ● Applying for
Citizenship ● The Naturalization Test and Interview ● Special Circumstances,

viii

Accommodations, and Exceptions ● Receiving a Decision ● Continuations
and Denials ● Rights and Privileges ● Children Born in the U.S. ● Children
Born Outside the U.S.

19. About the United States.....................................................193

● Some Facts ● The Size of the United States ● Population ● Resettling
Refugees ● The 50 States ● Government ● History ● Other Important Facts
● The Calendar ● Writing a Date ● National Holidays ● Time Zones ● Daylight
Savings Time ● Learn More at a Public Library

mmm

s[t1tf ix

ny' /g ;f];n ;le{;]h -PnP;P;_ :jo+;]jsx?sf] Pp6f ;dlk{t k|of;df
kf| ofh] g ug{ kfPsfd] f uj{ u5{ . of] lstfa g]kfnsf ljleGg lzlj/af6 ;g\ @))*
b]lv cdl] /sfdf kg' :yf{lkt u/fOFb} cfPsf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] lxtsf
nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . w]/h} gfsf] ko| f; / ;xfotfn] cjwf/0ffaf6 lstfa tof/
xg' Ps jife{ Gbf sd ;do nfUof] . n'y/g ;a}k|lt st[ 1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5 .

of] k':tssf] cjwf/0ff rf/ hgf :jo+;]jsx? M 8u xn, ;tg cfrfo,{ tf/f
cfrfo{ / /fh]z sf]O/fnfsf] cg'ejaf6 cfPsf] xf] . 8u xnn] z/0ffyL{x?sf
nflu ;g\ @))* df c sG;fOh O+ulnz–gk] fnL g]kfnL–O+ulnz l8Szg/L (www.
nepalidictionaryproject.org) ks| flzt ug{ yfNge' Psf] xf] . ;tg cfrfo{, pgsL
kTgL tf/f cfrfo{ / /fh]z sf]O/fnfn] cfrfo{åosf] sDkgL P;\ PG8 6L sDol' gs];G;af6
;g\ @)!) cu:tbl] v kGw–| lbg] g]kfnL Go'hn]6/ cIfl/sf (www.aksharica.com)
sf] k|sfzg yfNge' Psf] xf] . pNnl] vt rf/} :jo+;j] sx? Go' XofD;/ /fHosf
afl;Gbf xg' 'x'G5 / oxL :jo+;]jL sfos{ f sf/0f Ps–cfk;sf af/]df hfGgx' 'GYof] .
rf/hgfsf] e]6kl5 pxfFx?n] cd]l/sfdf a;f]af;sf nflu ;xofu] ug]{ Pp6f gk] fnL
/ c+uh]| L lstfasf] ;+efjgfaf/] 5n©n ug{e' of] . pxfFx?n] n'y/g ;f];n ;le;{ ]h–
nfO{ ;xfotfsf nflu cfu|x ug'{eof,] xfdLn] ;xif{ l:jsf¥of+} .

Go' XofD;/ Rofl/6]an ©fpG8];g (www.nhcf.org) n] lstfa tof/ kfg{] nfut
pknAw u/fof] . oL ;a} ;+:yf :yfgLo eP/ klg of] of]hgfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg k¥' ofPsf]
of]ubfgsf] xfdL w]/} kz| +;f u5f}+{ . of] lstfasf] :yfgLo pTkfbg eP klg ljt/0f
/ ke| fj b]ze/ x'g5] .

lstfa n]Vgc' l3 ;tg, /fh]z / 8un] Go' XofD;/ / gy{ Sof/fn] fOgfdf e6" fgL
z/0ffyLs{ f] nlIft ;dx" df 5n©n cfofh] gf ug{'eof] . 5n©nsf ;xefuLx?nfO{
cd]l/sf cfPnuQ} oxfF a;fa] f; ug{ s] s:tf ljifo hfGg cfjZos 5 / lstfadf
s] s:tf hfgsf/L nl] vg'k5{ eg/] ;fl] wof] . e6" fgL ;db' fo;Fu sfd u/s] f] cg'ej
ePsf ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu klg lstfasf ljleGg ljifoaf/] d+yg ul/of] . oL
5n©naf6 5 ;oeGbf a9L ljifox?df nV] g] ;e' mfj kfOof] . lstfadf ;dfj]z
ljleGg ljifo 5gf}6 k|lqmofdf ;xefuL ;an} fO{ xfdL wGojfb lbg rfxG5f+} .

o; lstfadf ;d]l6Psf sx] L c+z lnleª Og b o'gfO6]8 :66] ;\ M nfO© l:sN;
©/ a'?G8L /]ˆoh' Lhaf6 :jLs[lt;lxt lnOPsf] xf] . ;g\ @))* df oP' ; sld6L
©/ /]ˆoh' Lh PG8 Oldu]G| 6;\ -oP' ;l;cf/cfO_ åf/f k|sflzt pSt k':ts cgnfOg
(www.refugees.org) pknAw 5 . a'?G8L z/0ffyL{sf] k:' tsdf ePsf ;a} ljifo
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] of] lstfadf /flvPsf 5g} g\ . o; lstfadf
;d]l6Psf w/] h} ;f] ljifox? ljleGg JolSt / :yfgdf ul/Psf 5n©naf6 lnOPsf
5g\ / e6" fgL z/0ffyLx{ ?sf nflu dfq dgfl;a 5g\ . kl| tlnlk–clwsf/ k|fKt cfˆgf
;fduL| x? k|ofu] ug{ lbPsf]df xfdL o'P;l;cf/cfO;Fu w/] } cfef/L 5f+} .

x

:jo+;]jL ;Dkfbs tyf n]vssf ?kdf 8u xnn] oP' ;l;cf/cfOsf] k':tsaf6
lnOPsf ljleGg yk ljifosf c+znfO{ qmddf ldnfpge' of] . xnn] cltl/Qm ljifo
tyf cWofosf c+u]|hL c+zx? tof/ kfg{'eof] . /fhz] sfO] /fnfn] ;a} g]kfnL c+z
nV] ge' of] . sf]O/fnfn] 8n xnåf/f ;+of]lht c+u]h| L c+zaf6 cg'jfb ug{e' of] eg]
cIfl/sfsf ljleGg c+sdf ks| flzt sx] L ljifonfO{ klg lnge' of] . /fhz] ;Fu
g]kfnL kqsf/ tyf nv] ssf ?kdf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd u/s] f] cge' j 5 . clg
sfO] /fnf (www.koirala.com.np) of] lstfasf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ jf:tljstfdf kl/0ft
ug{] sf/s klg x'g\ .

o;/L xfdLn] ljleGg ljifodf n]Vof+} . clg To;} ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg lj1
JolStnfO{ v;] |fx? afF8o\ f+} . pxfFx?sf] kl| tlqmof / ;e' mfj dfUof}+ . o; kl| qmofdf
klg bh{gf+} JolStn] ;xfotf uge'{ of] . lstfasf ;fduL| ;l6s / tYox? ;xL /xg' \
eGgsf vflt/ xfdLn] pxfFx?sf ;'emfj klg ;d]6\of+} .

c+u]|hL–gk] fnL efiff cg'jfbs tyf cbfntL sfjf{xLx?df gk] fnL–efiff ;xfotfsf]
nfdf] cg'ej ePsf xf]d If]qLn] k:' tssf kT| os] cWofosf bj' } efiffsf ;a} ljifo
cIf/zM ;dLIff ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ;a} hfgsf/L / k:| tl' tx?sf ;Gbe{ efiffn] ubf{
©/s k/÷] gk/s] f] s]nfpge' of] .

of] k|of; ;©n agfpg] ;a}kl| t xfdL s[t1 5f}+ .

PdL dflr{N8g
lgbz]{ s, ;le{;h] ©/ Go' cd]l/sG;
n'y/g ;f];n ;le{;]h c© Go' Oªu\ Nof08
@^! lzk 8l] e; /f]8, ;6' P– !
s+s8{, Go' XofD;/ )##)!

xi

Acknowledgements

Lutheran Social Services (LSS) is proud to have sponsored the efforts
of a dedicated group of volunteers committed to publishing this handbook.
The book is for the benefit of Nepali-speaking Bhutanese refugees who
have been arriving in the United States from the refugee camps in Nepal
since 2008. Transforming the idea for this book into a reality in less than
one year has taken the effort and support of many. LSS would like to
acknowledge all involved.

The idea for the book grew out of the experiences of four volunteers,
Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya and Rajesh Koirala. Doug Hall
began publishing A Concise English-Nepali Nepali-English Dictionary for
the refugees in 2008 (www.nepalidictionaryproject.org). Sattan Acharya,
his wife Tara Acharya, and Rajesh Koirala began the publication of a bi-
monthly Nepali-language newsletter, Aksharica, through the Acharyas’
company S&T Communications (www.aksharica.com). All four live
in New Hampshire and had heard about each other’s volunteer efforts.
Shortly after they met, they began discussing the idea of a book that would
provide helpful information about living in the United States in both Nepali
and English. They asked us at Lutheran Social Services if we would be
interested in assisting them, and we agreed.

Funding for the creation of this book was provided by the New
Hampshire Charitable Foundation (www.nhcf.org). We greatly appreciate
their willingness to underwrite this project even though they are a local
community foundation and the distribution and impact of this book will
be nationwide.

Before starting the process of writing the book, Sattan, Rajesh,
and Doug conducted focus groups among Bhutanese refugees in
New Hampshire and in North Carolina. Participants were asked what
information they thought was important to include and what they would
want newly arriving Bhutanese to know about living in the United States.
Brainstorming sessions were also conducted with staff of a variety of
community agencies that had experience working with the Bhutanese.
More than six hundred topics were suggested. We would like to thank
everyone who participated in this process and helped to determine the
topics included in the book.

Some parts of the English content of this book were copied with
permission from Living in the United States: Life Skills for Burundian
Refugees, published in 2008 by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and

xii

Immigrants (USCRI) and available online at (www.refugees.org). Many
of the topics covered in that work had also been suggested by the focus
groups and are just as relevant to Bhutanese refugees as they have been for
Burundian refugees. We are extremely grateful to USCRI for permission
to use their copyrighted material.

As a volunteer editor and writer, Doug Hall organized additional
topics into chapters, adapted the USCRI material, and wrote the English
text for additional sections and chapters. Rajesh Koirala wrote all of the
Nepali for this book. Some of it was translated from Doug Hall’s English
version and the USCRI book, while some was taken from material he had
previously written for Aksharica. Rajesh’s long experience as a Nepali
journalist and writer was also instrumental in turning this book into a
reality. (www.koirala.com.np)

We circulated early drafts of chapters on particular topics to
professionals knowledgeable about the identified subject and asked for
their feedback and suggestions. Dozens of people helped in this regard. We
have incorporated their suggestions to ensure that the material is accurate
and the facts correct.

Homa Chetry, an experienced Nepali court interpreter and English-
Nepali translator, reviewed the combined Nepali and English texts of each
chapter and made suggestions to ensure that the two languages conveyed
both the same information and the same tone.

Thanks to all for making this a successful effort!

Amy Marchildon
Director, Services for New Americans
Lutheran Social Services of New England
261 Sheep Davis Road, Suite A-1
Concord, NH 03301

xiii

of] lstfasf pkofl] utfx?

of] k':ts cd]l/sf cfO;s]sf jf cdl] /sfdf rfF8} a;f]af; ug{ yfNg] g]kfnL k9\g] t/
c+u]|hL sd} k9\g] gk] fnL–efifL e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .

xfdLn] g]kfnL;Fu} c+uh|] L c+z ;dfjz] ug{'sf bO' { sf/0f 5g\ . klxnf] sf/0f z/0ffyL{
k'g:yfk{ gf ul//x]sf ;+:yfx?nufot w]/} ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? cf©n" ] g} ga'ˇg] efiffdf
nl] vPsf] ;fduL| afF8\g tTk/ x'Fb}gg\ . bf;] |f] sf/0f rflxF c+uh|] L efiff l;Sb} u/]sfx?n]
o; lstfanfO{ zl} Ifs ;fdu|Lsf ?kdf ko| f]u ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 .

o; k:' tsdf /fVg] ljifox? 5gf}6 ubf{ xfdLn] tLg k|d'v k|fyldstfx?nfO{
sG] bl| aGb'df /fv]sf lyof}+ . klxnf] o;sf ;fdu|Lsf] cfo' sDtLdf Ps jifs{ f] xg' 'k5{ .
lstfa 5flkPkl5 g} o;sf ;fduL| x? ablnxfNg'kg]{ vfnsf eP eg] lstfa pkofu] L
x'Fb}g . bf];f| ] kf| yldstf o;df ;dfj]z ;fduL| ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sf, e6" fg jf g]kfnsf]
/fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt xF'bg} g\ . t;] f| ] rflxF o;sf ;fdu|L sg' } Ps l;+uf] /fHo, zx/ jf
If]qsf nflu dfq geP/ k'/} ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfe/ nfu' xg' ] vfnsf x'g\ . oxL t];|f]
k|fyldstfsf sf/0f sg' } ;/sf/L ;xfotfsf af/d] f n]Vbf sl7gfO eof] lsgeg] o:tf
;xfotfaf/] /fHolkR5] lgodx? ©/s x'G5g\ .

xfdLn] hfgLa'emL of] k:' ts ;a}n] xg] ,{ k9g\ , ;fg{ jf 5fKg ldNg] u/L OG6/g]6sf] ;femf
8f]dg] df /fvs] f 5f}+ . To;n} ] of] k:' tssf] k|ltlnlk–clwsf/ s;d} f lglxt 5g} . o;sf]
cy{ o; k:' tssf] s'g} c+z ;fg{ ;lsG5 . olb sg' } kg' jf{; ;+:yf, sg' } cfjf; ;+:yf,
:sn" l8l:6S« 6 jf cGo :yfgLo e6" fgL ;fdb' flos ;+:yfn] o;nfO{ ;fg,{ cf©n" ] rfx]
cg;' f/sf] agfpg jf s]xL c+z yKg rfxg'eof] eg] pxfFx? :jtGq x'g'x'G5 . jf:tjdf
cf©" a;]sf] zx/ jf gu/df s;n} fO{ sg' } vf; Ps ljifodf sx] L hfgsf/L rflxPdf
ToxL c+z sfd nfUg ;S5 . xfdL To;f] ug{ xf};nf lbG5f}+ .

of] lstfa ev{/ cdl] /sf cfPsf gk] fnL–efifLnfO{ kl| zIf0f lbg] sfoq{ mddf ;Gbe–{
;fduL| sf ?kdf lgs} pkofu] L x'G5 . xfdL tL k|To]s g]kfnL–efifL gjcfuGts'
kl/jf/nfO{ Ps kl| t k:' ts ljt/0f ug{ ;Nnfx lbG5f+} .

e6" fgL z/0ffyL{ kl/jf/x?sf xh'/aa' f–xh'/cfdfsf] k':tf lg/If/ 5 . pxfFx?sf nflu
of] k:' tsn] gofF bz] / gofF ;+:s[ltaf/] a'ˇg] 3]/f t tf8] \bg} . xfdL oxL k:' tssf sx] L
c+zx?sf >j0f–;fduL| -;G' g]–;fdu|L_ agfP/ OG6/g]6df /fVg ;lsG5 ls eGgd] f 5f+} .
h;n] >j0f–;fdu|L agfpF5 pxfFx?sf] xfdL ;/fxgf u5f+}{ .

of] lstfasf sl/a () k|ltzt ;fdu|L c? efiffdf cgj' fb u¥of] eg] plQs}
pkofu] L xG' 5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . xfdLn] o;sf sx] L ;fdu|L oP' ;l;cf/cfOn] a?' G8L
z/0ffyL{sf nflu tof/ kf/]sf ;fduL| nfO{ cfwf/ klg agfPsfn] xfd|f] c+uh|] L c+zx?
adn]{ L, O/fsL jf ;fd] fnL z/0ffyLs{ f nflu cgj' fb ubf{ pkof]uL xg' ;S5g\ . o; k':tssf
s]xL c+z gk] fnL–efifL e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ / pxfFx?s} ;+:s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt ePsfn] tL
;fdu|L ;fbf{ jf k|of]u ubf{ Vofn ug{'k5{ . xfdL c? :jo+;j] L jf ;fdb' flos ;+:yfx?nfO{
o; lstfasf ;fdu|Lx? c? efiffdf k|ofu] ug{ xf};nf lbg rfxG5f+} . à

xiv

Uses for the Book

This book has been written for the benefit of Nepali-speaking
Bhutanese refugees who are now or will soon be living in America and
who can read Nepali but can not read English well.

We have also included a parallel English text for two reasons. First,
we know that many community agencies, including resettlement agencies,
are unwilling to distribute written material that they themselves cannot
understand. Secondly, for those who are already at an intermediate level
in learning to read English, the dual text can be used as instructional
material.

In deciding on the topics to be covered in this book we had three
criteria that each needed to meet. First it had to have a “shelf life” of at
least 12 months. After a book is printed, it is not useful if the information
it contains is quickly out of date. Secondly, it could not contain material
that would be considered political in the United States, Bhutan, or Nepal.
Thirdly, it had to apply across the United States and not be specific to a
single state, city, or region. This third criterion makes writing about some
public assistance programs difficult because their rules are so different in
different states.

We are knowingly placing this book in the public domain. It is
not copyrighted. That means that anyone can copy it or parts of it. If a
resettlement agency, a housing authority, a school district, or a local
Bhutanese community organization wants to copy, modify, or add to certain
sections, they are free to do so. In fact, in many cases it will be useful to
have supplemental information to hand out that gives local readers specifics
about their town or city. We encourage that.

This book is perfect for use in initial orientation programs for newly
arriving Nepali-speakers. We suggest that one copy be given to each family
at that orientation session.

We know that some Bhutanese refugees, especially the grandparents’
generation, are illiterate. For them the publication of a book does not break the
barrier to understanding this new country and new culture. We are considering
whether to create Nepali language audio recordings of the text that could be
posted on the Internet. We would applaud anyone who does this.

We are sure that 90% of the material in this book could be equally
useful to other refugee groups if translated into their languages. Just as
we have built this book on the base of the material that USCRI published
for Burundi refugees, our English may be useful for Burmese, Iraqi, or
Somali refugees when translated. There are some parts, however, that are
somewhat particular to the Nepali-speaking Bhutanese and their culture,
so care should be given in considering what to copy or use. We strongly
encourage other volunteers and community agencies to take on a task of
making this material available in other languages. à

1

cWofo ! : kg' jf{; ;+:yf

Chapter 1 : The Resettlement Agency

kg' jf{; ;+:yf egs] f] s] xf] <

kg' jf{; ;+:yfx?n] cdl] /sL ;/sf/;Fu ldn]/ jif{]lg ljZje/sf xhf/f}+
z/0ffyLx{ ?nfO{ cdl] /sfdf kg' :yf{lkt u5g{ \ . tkfO+{nfO{ k'g:yfl{ kt u/fpg] k'gjf;{
;+:yfn] cdl] /sf cfPsf] ;'?sf s]xL dlxgf tkfO+{nfO{ vfg–] a:g] h:tf cfwf/et"
cfjZostf / ;db' fodf 3n' ldn x'g] ;j] f–;l' jwfx? lbnfpF5g\ .

What is a ‘Resettlement Agency’?
Resettlement agencies work with the United States government

to resettle thousands of refugees a year from all over the world. Your
resettlement agency will make sure during your first months that you
receive the services you need to live and join your new community.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

tkfO{+ / kg' jf{; ;:+ yf

tkfO{+sf] :yfgLo k'gjf{; ;+:yfsf] lhDdj] f/L s] xf] / kg' jf{; kl| qmofdf tkfO+{sf
lhDdj] f/L s] s] x'g\ eGg] rflxF tkfO+{n] aˇ' g cfjZos x'G5 . cd]l/sf cfOku' k] l5
k'gjf{; ;+:yfsf Ps sd{rf/L, tkfO+{s} kl/jf/sf Ps ;b:o÷gft]bf/ jf tkfO+{n]
lrg]sf] s;n} ] tkfO{+nfO{ ljdfg:yndf :jfut ug{x' g' 5] .

You and the Resettlement Agency
It is important for you to understand what your local resettlement agency

is responsible for and what you are responsible for in your resettlement.
Upon arriving in the United States, a staff person from the resettlement
agency, a family member, or other person you know will pick you up at
the airport.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

kg' jf{; ;:+ yfn] s] s] pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ <

• cdl] /sf cfPkl5 sDtLdf #) lbgsf nflu a:g Ps ;'/lIft tyf ;©f cfjf;sf]
Joj:yf u5{g\ . a;fa] f;sf] Joj:yf cNksfnLg -5f]6f] ;dosf nflu_ jf
bL3{sfnLg -nfdf] ;dosf nflu_ x'G5 . cNksfnLg eGgfn] :jo+;j] L kl/jf/sf
;fy jf gft]bf/sf ;fy a:g] Joj:yf / bL3{sflng aGbfa] :t eGgfn] tkfO+{sf]
cfˆg} ckf6{dG] 6sf] Joj:yf xg' ;S5 .

• cTofjZos ©lgr{ /sf] Joj:yf M o;df ;f©] f, 6]an' , s;' Lx{ ? / la5o\ f}gfx?
;+nUg xG' 5g\ . ©lgr{ /x? gofF jf k'/fgf x'g;S5g\ .

• cd]l/sf cfPkl5 vfgfsf] aGbfa] :t .

2 The Resettlement Agency

• ©"8 :6o\ fDk ;j] f, dl] 8s]8, ;f];n ;S] ol' /6L sf8{ kfpg / of]Uotf k'u]sfnfO{
;n] ]lS6e ;le{;df gfd btf{ ug{ ;xfotf .

• :jf:Yofk] rf/df ;xfotf M 8fS6/sxfF hfg / vfk] sf] Joj:yf .
• kofK{ t n'ufx?sf] aGbfa] :t . n'ufx? gofF jf bfg ul/Psf xg' ;S5g\ .
• tkfO+{sf gfgLx?nfO{ :s"n egf{ ug{ ;xfotf .
• /fh] uf/;DaGwL kl/ro lbg] k|lzIf0f tyf ;xfotf, h:tf] M hflu/sf nflu cfjb] g

lbg ;xofu] .
• s]xL /sdsf] Joj:yf . pSt /sd Psk6s dfq eS' tfg xg' ;S5 .
• jf;:yfg, oftfoft, lzIff, /sd Joj:yfkg, clwsf/ / ;f+:s[lts ;dfofh] gaf/]

cltl/Qm tflnd .

What Will the Agency Provide ?
• Safe and clean housing for no less than thirty days after you arrive in

the United States. This may be a short-term situation, such as living
with a volunteer family or a relative, or long-term, such as your own
apartment.
• Essential furniture. This includes a couch, table, chairs, and beds.
Furniture may be either new or used.
• Food when you first arrive.
• Assistance applying for the Food Stamp program, Medicaid, your social
security card, and selective service (if appropriate).
• Assistance getting health care, seeing a doctor, and getting
immunizations.
• Assistance getting adequate clothing. Clothing may be new or donated.
• Help enrolling your children in school.
• Employment orientation and support, such as helping you fill out job
applications.
• A limited amount of cash. This may only be a one time payment.
• Additional orientation on housing, transportation, education, health,
money management, rights, and cultural adjustment.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

;f;] n ;]Sol' /6L sf8{

k'gjf;{ ;+:yfsf] ;xfotfn] tkfO+{ / kl/jf/sf kT| os] ;b:on] ;f];n ;S] ol' /6L
gDa/ n]lvPsf] ;f;] n ;S] o'l/6L sf8{ kfpg'x'G5 . o;df n]lvPsf] gDa/ / sf8{ bj' }
dxÎjk"0f{ xG' 5g\ . Tof] gDa/ tkfO{+sf] hLjge/ sfd nfUg] gDa/ xf] . k|Tos] JolStsf]
;f];n ;S] o'l/6L gDa/ ©/s x'G5g\ . Ps–csf;{ Fu k6Ss} ldNb}gg\ . of] sf8{
hflu/ kfpg, a}+sdf vftf vfN] g, ckf6d{ ]G6 ef8fdf lng / c? w/] } k6s rflxG5 .
of] sf8{ x/fpg' x'Gg . kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:osf] sf8{ ;/' lIft 7fpFdf /flvlbgx' f];\ . of]

kg' jf{; ;:+ yf 3

sf8{ cgfjZos ?kdf s;n} fO{ glbgx' f];\ . cfˆgf] ;f;] n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ sG7 ug{–'
xf];\ . of] gDa/ :jf:Yonufot c? w]/} ;/sf/L ;]jf–;'ljwfx? kfpg el/g]
©f/ddf nV] g' k5{ .

Social Security Card
With the help of your resettlement agency, you and each member of

your family will receive a Social Security number printed on a Social
Security card. The numbers and cards are very important. Your number
will identify you for your life. No other person will have the same number.
You will need your card to obtain a job, to open a bank account, to rent an
apartment, and for many other things. Do not lose your card. Keep all of
your family’s cards in a safe place. Do not give your Social Security card
to anyone else. Memorize your number. You will need to write it on many
forms to receive health care and many government services.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

tkfOs{+ f lhDdj] f/L

tkfO+{ / tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;©n agfpg cdl] /sfdf ug'k{ g{] w/] } sfdx?
xG' 5g\ . o:tf sfd sg' sg' xg' \ eg]/ Vofn ug'{ lgs} cfjZos x'G5 . tL sfddWo]
3/ef8f / lanx? k|Tos] dlxgf ltg{'kg]{ xG' 5 . tkfO{+ c?sf 3/df a;]jfktsf]
/sd g} 3/ef8f xf] . lanx?df lah'nL, kfgL, 6l] n©f]g, UofF; / cGt/f{li6o« cfk|jf;
;+u7g -cfOcfP] d_ sf] ofqf–vrs{ f] C0f k5{g\ .

Your Responsibilities
There are many things that are important for you and your family to

do to succeed in the United States. These are very important things to
remember. Pay your rent and bills every month. Your rent pays for your
housing. Your bills may include paying for electricity, water, telephone,
gas, and IOM travel loan.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

c+u]h| L sIffx¿

c+u]h| L sIffx? lngx' f];\ . kg' jf{; ;+:yfn] tkfO+{nfO{ c+u]|hL sIffdf egf{ xg' d2t
u5{g\ . :yfgLo ;d'bfox?n] o:tf sIff lbgsf sg' } ;dodf klg Joj:yf ug{
;S5g\ . kg' jf{; ;+:yfn] tkfO{+sf] ;do;Fu ldNg] c+u]|hL sIff kQfnufpg d2t
u5g{ \ . /fd|f] hflu/ kfpg / ;d'bfodf 3'nldn xg' ;lhnf] x'g] ePsfn] c+u]|hL
l;Sg h?/L xG' 5 .

English Classes
Take English classes. The resettlement agency can help you enroll in

classes. Classes in local communities are offered at various times of day.

4 The Resettlement Agency

The resettlement agency will do its best to help you find classes that fit
your schedule. Learning English is important because it will help you get a
better job and communicate more easily with people in your community.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

/fh] uf/L

tkfO+{n] hflu/ vfg cfjZos x'G5 . sfd u/]kl5 tkfO{+n] 3/ef8f / lanx? ltg{'
x'G5, vfg]s'/f / sk8f lsGgx' 'G5 . Psflt/ kg' jf;{ ;+:yfn] lbg] ;xfotf ;Lldt
xG' 5g\ eg] csfl{ t/ ;/sf/L ;'ljwf tkfO+{ / kl/jf/sf nflu sd xg' ;S5g\ . hflu/
vfof] eg] cfTdlge/{ xg' ;lsG5, clg ;Lk l;lsG5 / cg'ej a6'lnG5 .

Employment
You will need to work. Working is necessary so you can pay your

rent and bills, and buy food and clothes. Assistance from the resettlement
agency is limited and public benefits may not provide enough for what you
and your family need. Having a job will help you be self-sufficient and
gain skills and experience.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

;dosf] Vofn ug{'

hflu/sf nflu s;n} fO{ e6] \g' 5 eg] jf hflu/ vfg yfNge' of] eg] hlxn] klg
l7s ;dodf k'Ugx' f];\ . cdl] /sfdf ;dodf kU' g lgs} h?/L xG' 5 . ca]nf ug{'
/fd|f] dflgFbg} . sfddf l9nf] kU' g' eof] eg] tkfO+{sf xflsd l/;fpF5g\ / o;n] ubf{
tkfO+{sf] hflu/ hfg ;S5 .

:jf:Yo k/LIf0fsf nflu tkfO+{ 8fS6/sxfF l9nf] kU' ge' of] eg] 8fS6/n] tkfO{+nfO{
ghfFRg ;Sgx' G' 5 . pxfF;Fu csf{k] 6s hfFRgsf nflu ;do ldnfpg lgs} ufxf| ] klg
xG' 5 .

Being on Time
Arrive to appointments and work ON TIME. In the United States, being

on time is very important. If you arrive late to work, your boss will not be
happy and it could cause you to lose your job.

If you are late to a doctor’s appointment, your appointment may be
canceled and it may be hard to reschedule it.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lzIff

tkfO{+n] 5f]/f5f/] L :sn" k7fpg' k5{ . cd]l/sfdf sfgg' cg';f/ gfgLx? :sn"
hfg} k5{ . gfgLx? ;dodf :s"n k'Ug}k5{ . gfgL :sn" kU' g l9nf] jf uon x'g]
eP :s"ndf va/ u/]/ l9nf] x'g' jf ghfg'sf] sf/0f v'n:t kfgx{' f];\ . :sn" af6
k7fOPsf ;a} ;r" gf k9gx' f;] \ . To:tf ;"rgf k9g\ hfGg' xG' g jf aˇ' g' ePg eg]
c? s;}nfO{ k9\g cg/' fw] ug{'xf];\ .

k'gjf;{ ;+:yf 5

Education
Make sure your children attend school. In the United States, all girls

and boys are required by law to go to school. Children must arrive at
school on time. Call the school to explain if your children are going to be
late or absent. Read all notices sent to you by the school. Get assistance if
you cannot read them or do not understand them.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

cfTdlge/{

sfd ubf{ cfTdlge{/ x'g / cfˆgf cfjZostf k/" f ug{ ;lsG5 . cfTdlge{/
x'g' eg]sf] ;/sf/, kg' jf{; ;+:yf, :jo+;j] sx? jf c? JolStdfly e/ gkg'{ xf,]
h:tf] M tkfO+{n] sfd ug{e' of] eg] cf©"nfO{ vfBfGg / nQfsk8f lsGg ;Sg'x'G5 .

Self-Sufficiency
Work towards being independent and providing for yourself. Being

independent means not relying on the government, the resettlement agency,
volunteers, or other people for assistance. For example, when you have a
job, you can buy your own food and clothing.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

cWofudg sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'{

cWofudg sfg'gcGtut{ /xg'xf];\ . cd]l/sf cfPsf] Ps jif{ ePkl5 tkfO{+n]
sfgg' L ?kdf :yfoL afl;Gbfsf ?kdf /xg -jf …lug| –sf8Ú{ _ sf nflu xf]dNof08
;]Sol' /6L ljefudf cfj]bg lbg'k5{ . eljiodf cdl] /sL gful/stf k|fKt ugs{ f nflu
cWofudg sfgg' sf kfngf ug{' clgjfo{ x'G5 .

Adjustment of Status
Adjust your immigration status. After you have lived in the United

States for one year, you need to apply for an adjustment of status to legal
permanent resident (or “green card”) with the Department of Homeland
Security. Adjusting your immigration status is an important step to
becoming a U.S. citizen in the future.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

sfuhkq

;a} sfuhkqx? htg ugx{' f];\ . tL sfuhkqx? dxÎjk"0f{ xG' 5g\ . To;n} ]
ldnfP/ /fVgx' f;] \ . ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ . htg ug{'kg]{ To:tf sfuhkqx?– 3/ef8f
lnFbf 3/a6] L / tkfO{+aLrsf] ;Demf}tf–kq, vfk] nufPsf k|df0fx?, cfi} fwf]krf/sf
sfuhkq, cfO– ($ sf8,{ ©f6] f;] lxtsf] kl/ro–kq tyf ©8" 6\ofDksf] ;r" gf /
d]l8s]8 kfpg ofU] o 7x/fOPsf] sfuh cflb x'g\ . o:tf sfuhkq x/fP eg] kg' jf{;
;+:yfnfO{ tTsfn hfgsf/L lbgx' f;] \ .

6 The Resettlement Agency

Documents
Take care of all of your documents and paperwork. Keep your important

papers organized and in a safe place. These include your apartment lease,
immunization records, medical reports, I-94 card, photo ID, and notices of
food stamp and Medicaid eligibility. Let your resettlement agency know
immediately if your lose any of them.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

kg' :yf{kgfsf nflu awfO{

cd]l/sfdf a:b} hfFbf ;lhnf] dx;;' ug{ ;do nfU5 . z/0ffyLs{ f ?kdf tkfO+{
olt 6f9f cfO;Sge' Psf] 5 / gofF b]zdf a;fOF ;g]{ lxDdt klg b]vfpg' eO;s]sf]
5 . cd]l/sfdf ;©n xg' tkfO+{;Fu cfTdan 5 . gofF 7fpFdf ;©n x'g ;Sg'xf];\
/ hLjgofkg ;lhn} ug{ ;Sg'xf;] \ – xfd|f] z'esfdgf 5 .

Congratulations on Your Resettlement
As hard as it may be at times to adjust to living in the United States, as a

refugee you have already come far and shown a lot of courage to move to a
new country. You have the resilience and strength to succeed in the United
States. We wish you the best of luck in moving forward and making a life
for you and your family in your new community.

mmm

7

cWofo @ : cfjf;

Chapter 2 : Housing

tkfO+{sf] 3/ jf ckf6{d]G6

tkfO{+ / kl/jf/sf nflu :jR5, ;©f / ;:tf] -cfDbfgLcg';f/sf]_ cfjf;
cTofjZos x'G5 . cf©" a:g] 3/ jf ckf6{dG] 6nfO{ ;©f / /fd|f] cj:yfdf /fVg'
tkfO{+sf] lhDdj] f/L xf] .

Your Home
A safe, clean, and affordable home for you and your family is very

important. It is your responsibility to keep your apartment clean and in
good condition.

―――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――—

3/;DaGwL zAbx¿

6]GofG6 -ls/fofbf/÷ef8fjfn_ M c?sf] 3/ jf ckf6{dG] 6df a;]jfkt /sd ltg]{
JolSt jf JolStx?nfO{ ls/fofbf/ elgG5 . tkfO+{ ls/fofbf/ xg' 'x'G5 .

NofG8nf8] { -3/a6] L÷3/wgL_ M 3/ jf ckf6d{ G] 6sf] dflns -3/a]6L_ xf] . pxfFn]
tkfO{+nfO{ ef8f ltg]{ u/L sg' } 7fpF pknAw u/fPsf] xG' 5 . pxfF, tkfO{+ a;]sf] 3/sf]
dflns -3/a6] L_ x'g'xG' 5 .

lnh -s/f/÷;Demft} f_ M lnh eg]sf] ls/fofbf/ / 3/a]6LaLr ul/g] sfg'gL sfuh
xf] . ls/fofbf/n] o:tf] sfuhdf ;xL u/]kl5 dlxgf–dlxgfdf ef8f ltg'{k5{ / To;df
n]lvPsf] cjlwe/ dfq To; 3/df a:g ldN5 .

;S] ol' /6L l8kfl] h6 -w/f6} L_ M w/f6} Ljfkt s]xL /sd ls/fofbf/n] 3/a]6LnfO{
lt/]sf] xG' 5 . ls/fofbf/ a;]s} a]nf s]xL 6'6©'6 eP jf eTs]÷lau|]df oxL /sdaf6
ddt{ ul/G5 . slxn]sfxLF 3/ef8fafkt /sd ltg{ afFsL /x] klg oxL /sdaf6
e'Stfg ul/G5 .

Housing Terms
A tenant is the person or persons paying money to live in the apartment

or house. You are a tenant.
A landlord is the person who owns the apartment or house, rents the

space to you, and is in charge of the building.
A lease is a legal document between a tenant and a landlord. When the

tenant signs a lease he or she agrees to pay a monthly rent and live in the
apartment for a certain period of time.

A security deposit is money the tenant pays the landlord. This money
covers damages that may occur while the tenant is renting or covers any
unpaid rent the tenant owes the landlord.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

8 Housing

a:g' jf ;g{c' l3

tkfO+{ s'g} ckf6d{ ]G6df a:g' jf ;g{c' l3 tkfO+{ jf tkfO{+sf s]; d]g]h/n]
3/a]6L;Fu pSt ckf6{dG] 6sf] rf]6f–sf7] f x]g'{kg]5{ . lau|]÷eTs]sf] eP, ddt{
ug'{kg{] 7fpF jf ;/;fdfg ©]nf kfg{'x'G5 . o;f] ug'e{ of] eg] tkfO+{nfO{ 3/ ;g]{
a]nfdf w/f6} L l©tf{ ug{ d2t u5{ .

Before Moving
Before you move in, you or your case manager should walk through the

apartment with your landlord to identify any damage or things that need
fixing. This will help you get your security deposit back when you move
out.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

ckf6{d]G6sf] /]vbv]

sDtLdf xKtfsf] Pslbg cfˆgf] ckf6{d]G6 Eofsd' lSng/n] ;©f ug'{xf];\ .
sfk{6] gcf5] o\ fOPsf] e'OFnfO{ sr" f] / n'F8f]n] ;©f ug'{xf;] \ . s]xL kfl] vP t?' Gt ;fa'g
/ kfgLn] ;©f ul/xfNgx' f];\ .

sfk]{6 / e'O“ M sfk]{6 / eO' F ;©f /fVg cfˆgf] ckf6{dG] 6leq k:bf h'Qf aflx/}
vfN] g] ug'{xf];\ . cfˆgf] ckf6{d]G6 ;©f /fVgfn] ls/f -p8';_ / d;' f cfpFb}gg\ .
o;af6 tkfO+{sf] kl/jf/ :j:y /xG5 eg] csf{] 7fpFdf ;bf{ w/f6} L l©tf{ kfOG5 .

afy?dsf] ;/;˚fO M ;ftfsf] Psk6s afy?d ;©f ug{k} 5{ . afy?d eGgfn]
o;sf] e'OF, 6j\ fOn]6sf] leq–aflx/, xft–dv' wg' ] efF8f] -l;Í_, g'xfpg] 8'F8 -afy6a_
/ zfj/ eGg] al' emG5 . 9n 6flnlbg ;Sg] skfn jf cGo o:tf j:t' kfgL;Fu
gaufpgx' f];\ . afy6a / l;Ídf nu' f gwg' ' xfn] f . o;f] ug'e{ of] eg] aflx/ kfgL
kfl] vg ;S5 / e'OF lr;f]–lrKnf] x'G5 .

6j\ fOn]6sf ;d:ofx¿ M 6\jfOn6] sf] leqL efu ;©f ug{ a'?; ko| f]u ugx{' f;] \ .
6j\ fOn6] ;©f ug]{ a'?; c? 7fpF ;©f ug{ k|ofu] gugx'{ f;] \ . g5g' ] -dlxgfjf/L_
ePsL dlxnfn] nufpg] :oflg6/L 6fjn, vfg]s'/f jf w]/} 6\jfOn]6 kk] / 6j\ fOn6] df
gˆofFSgx' f;] \ . o:tf j:t' ˆn; -kfgLn] aufpg]_ gug'{xf;] \ . 6\jfOn6] el/of] jf
6flnof] eg] 3/a]6LnfO{ va/ ugx'{ f;] \ .

kfgL r'lxP–kf]lvP M zfj/sf] kfgL aflx/ cfpg glbg afy6adf kbf{ -zfj/
s6]g{ _ xfNg'xf];\ . eO' Fsf] kfgL ;wF} k'5\g'xf];\ . kfgLaflx/ cfpg glbgx' f;] \ lsgeg]
o;n] e'OF lrKnf] x'G5 / eO' Fdf ko| f]u ePsf] sf7 jf cGo j:t' kfgLn] ;8fpF5 .

Maintaining Your Apartment
At least once a week, clean your apartment with a vacuum cleaner. Use

a broom and mop to clean floors that do not have carpet. Clean up spills
with soap and water immediately.

Carpets and Floors: Remove shoes when you enter your apartment to

cfjf; 9

help keep the carpets and floors clean. Keeping your apartment clean will
help prevent attracting bugs and mice. It will also help your family stay
healthy and help you get your security deposit back when you move out.

Cleaning the Bathroom : The bathroom must be cleaned weekly. This
includes the floor, the inside and outside of the toilet, sink, and bathtub
and/or shower. Do not allow hair or other items to go down the drain or
the drain may get clogged. Do not use the bathtub or sink to wash clothes
because water will spill onto the floor.

Toilet Problems: Use a brush to clean inside the toilet. Do not use the
toilet brush for anything else. Never flush female sanitary products, food,
or large amounts of toilet paper down the toilet. If the toilet overflows, call
your landlord immediately.

Water Leaks and Spills : Keep the shower curtain inside the bathtub
and always clean up water on the floor. Do not allow water to escape onto
the floor because it can cause flooding and water damage.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

efG;f

tkfO+{sf] ckf6d{ ]G6df ;©f /fVgk' g]{ dxTjk"0f{ Ifq] egs] f] efG;f xf] . efG;fdf w/] }
;/;fdfgx? xG' 5g\ . tLdWo] s'g} tkfO{+sf nflu gofF x'g;S5g\ .

Kitchen
An important area of your apartment to keep clean is the kitchen. The

kitchen has many appliances, some that may be new to you.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

efG;fsf ;/;fdfg

:6f]e / cf]eg -rn' f]_ M :6fe] df vfgf ksfpFbf ;w}F sd jf dWod vfnsf]
tftfd] f ksfpg ;'? ug'x{ f;] \ / clg lj:tf/} rflxFg] tftf] 36L jf a9L u/]/
ldnfpg'xf;] \ . ;aeGbf tftfd] f vfgf ksfpg' eof] eg] efF8f] jf vfgf 89\g ;S5 .
cfe] gdf vfgf, jf df;' jf kfp/f6] L ksfpg' kbf{ tfkqmd #%) bl] v $)) l8uL| ©x/]–
gxfO6 /fVgx' f];\ . …af| OnÚ ;+st] eg]sf] rflxF vfgf ksfpFbf Hjfnf k|ofu] xG' 5 . of]
lgs} tftf] x'G5 / vfgf rfF8f] 89\5 . tkfO{+sf] r'nf] UofF;af6 rNg] vfnsf] 5 eg] of]
/fd/| L ans] f] 5 jf 5}g Vofn ugx{' f;] \ . olb UofF; /fd/| L gans] f] / s'lxPsf] c08f
h:tf] uGxfPsf] 5 eg] c?sf] d2t lngx' f;] \ .

:6fe] / cf]egsf] ;/;˚fO M cfe] g / :6f]edf kf]lvPsf vfgs] '/f ;n] fpgf;fy
;©f ul/xfNgx' f];\ . :6f]e lbgxF' ;©f ug{x' f;] \ . kf]lvPsf jf 89s] f vfgs] /' f /
lrNnf] vt/gfs xG' 5g\ . Ps t g/fd|f] uGxfpF5g\, clg o;s} f sf/0f ls/f, d';f
/ 5r' G' b|f cfpF5g\ .

/]lk|mlh/6] /÷lkm| h/ M vfgs] /' f lr;f] / tfhf /fVg efG;fdf Pp6f /l] k|mlh/6] /

10 Housing

xG' 5 . o;df bw" , t/sf/L, bxL, df;' / c08f /fVg'xf];\ . lkm| h/ rflxF /l] k|mlh–
/]6/sf] Pp6f efu xf,] hf] cem lr;f] x'G5, h;df kfgL hd/] a/© aG5 .
hdfOPsf] cj:yfd} lslgPsf vfg]s/' f lk|mh/df /fVg'xf;] \ . olb tkfO{+n] o;df
df;' /fVg' eof] eg] Tof] hD5 / s8f x'G5 . o;nfO{ w/] } ;dosf nflu /fVg
;lsG5 . ksfPsf vfg]s/' f a§fdf jf kfs] f] kf//] /fVgk' 5{ . klxnf h] vfgs] /' f NofP/
/flvPsf] xf,] klxnf ToxL vfg,' ksfpg' jf ko| f]u ugk'{ 5{ . emfn] vfg]s'/f kf]lvof]
eg] ;+ej eP;Dd rfF8} ;©f ul/xfNg'k5{ .

l8;jf;/ -ef8“ f df‰g] pks/0f_ M l8;jf;/n] sfF6f–rDrf / efF8fjt{gdf
ePsf sL6f0f'x?nfO{ df5{ . o;n] efF8f df‰b}g jf 6fFl;Psf] vfgf ;©f ubg}{ .
l8;jf;/df efF8fjtg{ xfNgc' l3 yfn–srf}/fdf 5fl8Psf vfgf hlxn] klg ©fx] f]/
xfNg] jt{gdf xfNgx' f;] \ / efF8f kvfNgx' f];\ . l8;jf;/sf nflu dfq elgPsf] ;fag'
o;df k|of]u ugx'{ f;] \ . xft jf nu' f w'g agfOPsf emfn] –;fag' l8;jf;/df k6Ss}
k|of]u gug{x' f;] \ .

l;° / ˚fx] f/] Joj:yfkg M efG;fdf xg' ] sg' } l;Ídf ;8\g;Sg] ©f]xf/] ˆofFSg]
Joj:yf -ufah{] l8:kfh] n_ ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] lah'nLn] rNg] xG' 5 . o;leq uPsf
vfgfaf6 lgl:sPsf ©f]xf/] 6l' qmG5g\ / kfOk xF'b} hfG5g\ . l;Íglhs} o;nfO{ vf]Ng]
/ aGb ug]{ l:jr xG' 5 . kfgL alu/xs] f an] fdf dfq of] ufa]{h l8:kf]hn vf]Ng'xf]nf .
ufah]{ l8:kfh] ndf wft', xf8, c08fsf afq] mf, ©n©"nsf aLp, Kofh, ;n] /L jf vfgf–
afx]s cGoqaf6 cfPsf j:t' gxfNg'xf]nf . ufa{]h l8:kf]hn 6flnof] eg] kfgL
el/P/ l;Í;Dd cfOkU' 5 . l8:kfh] nleq xft gxfNgx' fn] f, rf]6 nfU5 . olb efG;fsf]
l;Ísf] ufa{h] l8:kfh] n lah'nLn] rNb}g eg] o;df sg' } ©f]xf/] xfNg' xF'bg} .

Kitchen Appliances
Stove and Oven : When cooking food on top of the stove, always

begin on low or medium heat and then adjust. If you begin on high heat,
you may burn the food or pan. To use the oven to cook food, or bake meat
or bread, place the dial on 350 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. The “broil”
setting uses flames to cook food. It becomes very hot and can quickly
burn your food. If you have a gas stove or oven, be sure that the flame
lights right away. If you smell an odor like rotten eggs, turn off the gas
immediately and seek help.

Cleaning the Oven and Stove : Clean any spilled food in the oven and
on the stove as soon as they have cooled. Clean your stove daily. Spilled
or burned food and grease are dangerous. They smell bad and attract bugs,
rats, and mice.

Refrigerator/Freezer : Your kitchen has a refrigerator to keep food
cold and fresh. Keep milk, vegetables, yogurt, meat, and eggs in the
refrigerator. The freezer is the part of the refrigerator that is much colder

cfjf; 11

and freezes water to ice. Keep in the freezer any foods that are already
frozen when you buy them. If you put meat in the freezer, it will become
hard and frozen and you can keep it longer. Cooked food should be kept
after wrapping tightly. Use the First In, First Out (FIFO) method when
getting food from the refrigerator. Clean any spills as soon as possible.

Dishwasher : A dishwasher kills germs on dishes and silverware. It
does not scrub dishes or take the place of a garbage disposal. Always put
food scraps into the garbage and rinse the dishes before putting them into
the dishwasher. You must use a special soap designed for the dishwasher.
Never use liquid hand soap or laundry detergent in the dishwasher.

Sink and Garbage Disposal : Some kitchen sinks have electric garbage
disposals that shred food waste so it can pass through the plumbing. There
is an on/off switch next to the sink. You should only turn the garbage
disposal on when the water is on. Never put metal, bones, egg shells, fruit
pits, onions, celery, or non-food items down the garbage disposal. If your
garbage disposal becomes stuck, water may back up in the sink. Never put
your hands inside the disposal or you may injure yourself. If your kitchen
sink does not have an electric garbage disposal, do not put garbage down
the drain.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

efG;fsf] l8n

c+uh|] Ldf …sfpG6/ 6kÚ egs] f] rn' f] jf l;Ídf hfl] 8Psf] ;tx -vfnL l8n_
xf] . rn' f]sf] vfnL l8ndf tftf] efF8f] ;Lw} g/fVg'xf;] \ . l8n 89\g glbg tftf] efF8f]
/fVg agfOPsf Kof8 jf tftf] efF8fs] f nflu agfOPsf tf}lnof ko| f]u ug{x' f;] \ .

Counter Tops
Never put a hot pan directly on a counter top. Use a hot pad or dish

towel under the hot pan to avoid burning the counter.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

˚fx] f/]

;8\g] ˚fx] f]/ M ;8g\ ] ©f]xf/] cfˆgf] ckf6d{ G6df ePsf] ©f]xf]/ xfNg]
efF8f]df ©fNg'xf;] \ . ©fx] f]/ ©fNg] efF8f]leq Knfl:6ssf] yn} f] xfnk] l5 dfq ToxL y}nf]df
kg]{ u/L ©f]xf]/ ˆofFSgx' f;] \ . ©f]xf]/sf] yn} f] lbgxF' 3/aflx/ nfgx' f;] \ / ©f]xf]/ xfNg] 7n" f]
efF8f]df ˆofFSgx' f;] \ . o;f] ubf{ d;' f / ls/f 3/leq cfpgaf6 /fl] sG5g\ . ©f]xf]/nfO{
ckf6{d]G6sf] sl/8/ -;a}sf sf7] faflx/sf] cf]xf]/bfx] f]/ ug]{ 7fpF_ df slxNo}
g5f8g\ x' f;] \ .

g;8\g] ˚fx] f/] M g;8\g] ©fx] f]/x? h:t–} /2L sfuh, sfuhsf afs;, aft] n
/ 8Aafx?nfO{ tfl] sPsf a]Unfa]Un} efF8f jf 7fpFdf /fVgk' 5{ . gu/kflnsfn] o:tf

12 Housing

3/fozL ©fx] f/] lglZrt lbg / ;dodf p7fpg] u5g{ \ . tkfO{+sf 3/a]6Ln] ©f]xf/]
slxn] / sxfF nfg'k5{ eGg] atfpg' xg' 5] .

k'gMko| f]u M w/] h} ;f] zx/df ©fx] f/] sf ks| f/sf cfwf/df 56' o\ fP/ ©/s efF8f]df
/fVg] ul/G5 . ;fdfGotofM Knfl:6ssf aft] n, Pnl' dlgodsf 8Aafx?, l;;f, sfuh
/ wft'nfO{ vfgfaf6 cfPsf ©fx] f/] eGbf 5§' } /flvG5 . tkfO+{sf 3/a6] Ln] cfˆgf
;d'bfodf s] ugk'{ 5{ eGg] l;sfpg' x'g]5 . k'gMko| f]u–ljlwn] o:tf j:tn' fO{ ©l] /
sfddf NofpF5 / jftfj/0fsf] /Iff u5{ .

Garbage, Trash and Recycling
Garbage : Place garbage in the garbage bins in your apartment. Line

garbage bins with plastic garbage bags. Take the garbage out of your
apartment every day to a garbage can or dumpster to prevent attracting
bugs and mice. Never leave garbage in the hallway of the apartment
building.

Trash: Trash such as old papers, boxes, bottles, and cans should also be
placed in designated containers or locations. Usually there is a certain day
and time when the city will take the trash away. Your landlord should tell
you where and when to put your trash and garbage outside for pickup.

Recycling: Many cities require trash to be separated by type and be
placed in special containers. Usually plastic bottles, aluminum cans, glass
containers, paper, and metal are separated from wet food garbage. Your
landlord can tell you what you must do in your community. Recycling helps
the country reuse some of these materials and protects the environment.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

p8;'

p8'; ;fgf ls/fx? x'g\ . logLx? tfhf /ut r';/] afFR5g\ . logLx?
p8\bg} g, sb' \b}gg\ jf pk|mb}gg\ . p8'; w/] h} ;f] la:t/f, Dof6;]« -u2fjfn 8;gf_,
l;/fgL, lunf s;' L{ / ;f©] fdf n'S5g\ . laxfg p7\bf 5fnfdf st} ;fgf] bfu
bV] ge' of] eg] of] p8';n] 6f]s]sf] x'g;S5 . la:t/fdf st} ;fgf yf]Knf h:tf bl] vP
eg] oL p8'; x'g;S5g\ . To;}n] af6f5] ]pdf /flvPsf k/' fgf Dof6«];, tof/L l;/s
-ANofGs]6_, l;/fgL jf cGo cf]5\ofgdf rflxg] ;/;fdfg gp7fpg'xf]nf . To:tf j:t'
3/ gNofpgx' fn] f . Psk6s p8'; tkfO{+sf] ckf6d{ G] 6 jf 3/df cfP eg] lognfO{ k"/}
lgd"n{ kfg{ lgs} sl7g xG' 5 . p8';sf] ;d:of bl] vPdf 3/a]6LnfO{ eGg'xf;] \ .

Bed Bugs
Bed bugs are tiny insects and they feed on fresh blood. They do not

fly, hop, or jump. They often live in bedding, mattresses, pillows, and soft
chairs and couches. If you find small bites on your skin in the morning, it
may be from bed bugs. If you see tiny dark spots on your bedding you may

cfjf; 13

have bed bugs. Never bring used mattresses, blankets, pillows, or other
used bedding into your home. Once bed bugs are in your apartment, they
are very difficult to get rid of. Tell your landlord immediately.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

3/ef8f lnb“ fsf clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L

eb] efj M 3/ef8fdf lng vfH] bf tkfO{+nfO{ hflt jf /+u, cfPsf] b]z, tkfOn{ ] dfGg]
wd{, tkfO+{sf] lnªu\ , zf/Ll/s ckfªu\ tf, kfl/jfl/s cj:yf, h:t}– tkfO+{ ljjflxt
xf] jf xf]Og cflb cfwf/df 3/a6] Ln] leGg Jojxf/ u/,] To:tf] eb] efj cdl] /sL
sfgg' lj?4 x'G5 . tkfO+{n] cf©n" fO{ plrt Jojxf/ gu/s] f] kfpg' eof] eg] o:tf
36gf slxn] slxn] eP / To;an] f s] s] eof] lnlvt ?kdf /fVgk' 5{ . kT| o]s
/fHo jf sfpG6Ldf o:tf] e]befj x'Fbf d2t ug]{ …©o] / xfplhªÚ sfof{no x'G5g\ .

cg'/fw] M ckf6d{ G] 6df sx] L dd{t ug{k' ¥of] eg] 3/a6] Ln] tkfO+{nfO{ ddt{ sf nflu
cg'/f]w lnlvt ?kdf dfU5g\ . 3/a]6Laf6 ddt{ cg/' f]w ©f/d dfu]/ cfˆgf] cg/' f]w
nV] gx' f;] \ . tkfO{+nfO{ ls/f, d;' f, 5'r'Gbf| / kfgL lgsf; cflbsf] ;d:of eP t?' Gt
3/a6] LnfO{ va/ ug'x{ f];\ .

efu] rngsf] lgod M sg' } Ps ckf6d{ G] 6df a:g] dflg;sf] ;+Vof lglZrt
/xg] lgod xG' 5 . o:tf] lgod–kfngf ug{' / 3/df a:b} cfPsf dflg;sf] ;+Vofaf/]
3/a6] LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' tkfO+{sf] bfloTj xf] . tkfO{+n] lgod–kfngf gu/]sf] v08df
3/a6] Ln] tkfO{+nfO{ …3/ vfnL ugx{' f;] Ú\ eGg ;S5g\ .

Housing Rights and Responsibilities
Discrimination: It is against the law for a landlord to treat you

differently because of your color, nationality, caste, religion, disability,
sex, or marital status. If you feel you are being treated unfairly, you should
keep a record of what has happened. There is a “fair housing” office in
each state or county that can try to help you.

Request : Landlords often require a written request before they will
make repairs in your apartment. Use a repair request form from your
landlord to write this request. Inform your landlord immediately if you are
having problems with bugs, rats, mice, or plumbing.

Occupancy Rule : There are rules on how many people are allowed
to live in an apartment. It is your responsibility to follow the rules and
let your landlord know how many people are living in your home. The
landlord can tell you to leave your home if you do not follow this rule.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

3/ ;bf{

;do k"/f ug'{xf;] \ M s/f/df tf]lsPsf] ;do;Dd ckf6{dG] 6÷3/df a:g' dxÎjk0" f{
xG' 5 . s'g} 3/÷ckf6d{ ]G6df sDtLdf Ps jif{ a:g s/f/df ;do–;Ldf tfl] sPsf]

14 Housing

xG' 5 . cf©" ;g{'eGbf Ps dlxgfcl3 3/a]6LnfO{ 3/ ;g]{ lnlvt–;"rgf lbg'xf];\ .
s/f/–cjlwsf] cGTodf, olb tkfO+{ a:bf s]xL geTs]÷glau]s| f] / ef8fjfktsf] ;a}
/sd r'Stf ePsf] eP 3/a]6LnfO{ a'emfPsf] w/f}6L l©tf{ kfpgx' G' 5 .

7u] fgf abnL M gofF 3/÷ckf6{d]G6df ;/k] l5 w]/} JolSt jf sfofn{ odf hfgsf/L
lbgk' 5{ . tkfO{+ cdl] /sfsf] gful/s eO;Sg' ePsf] 5}g eg] …o'P;l;cfOP;Ú nfO{
…Pcf/– !!Ú gfds ©f/d e//] cf©" 7fpF ;/s] f] hfgsf/L clgjfo{ ?kdf
lbgk} 5{ . xn' fs sfofn{ osf] …7]ufgf kl/jt{g;DaGwL ©f/dÚ k"/f eg{k' g{]5 . of] ©f/d
glhs}sf] xn' fs sfof{no uP/ jf OG6/g]6df eg{ ;lsG5 . To;kl5 xn' fsn]
tkfO+{sf] gofF 7]ufgfdf kq NofpF5 . dfl;s lan k7fpg] sfofn{ ox? h:t} M lahn' L,
kfgL, UofF;, 6l] n©f]g, ;n] ©fg] , 6l] nlehgsf] sa] 'n÷l8; ;]jf lbg] sDkgL cflb
x'g\ . cfˆgf] 7]ufgf ©l] /Psf] hfgsf/L tkfO{+n] sfd ug{] 7fpF÷sfof{no, a}+s,
8fS6/sf] sfof{no / gfgL–afa'x? k9g\ ] :sn" df klg lbgk' 5{ .

˚lgr{ / M gofF ckf6d{ G] 6df ;bf{ cfˆgf ©lgr{ / nh} fg'k5{ . 3/a]6Lsf ©lgr{ /
jf cGo ;/;fdfg 5f8\g'k5{ . cfˆgf k'/fgf ©lg{r/ To;} 5f8g\ x' 'Gg . tL ©lgr{ /
kG5fpg nfUg] vr{ 3/a6] Ln] lnG5g\ .

Moving Out
Complete your lease : It is important to complete your lease. Most

leases ask that you agree to live in the apartment or house for twelve
months. Give your landlord a month’s notice in writing before moving out.
At the end of the lease, the landlord will return the security deposit only if
the apartment is in good condition and if the rental payments are current.

Change of Address : When you move to a new apartment, you should
inform many people. If you are not yet a citizen of the US, you must
inform the USCIS of your change of address on form AR-11. You should
also complete a form to change your address with the post office. You
can do that at the nearest post office or on the Internet. The post office
will deliver your mail to the new address. You should also change your
address with any company that sends you a monthly bill: electric, water,
gas, telephone, cell phone, cable TV etc. You should also report your new
address to your employer, bank, doctors’ offices, and childrens’ schools.

Furniture : When you move to a new apartment you should take the
furniture that you own. You must leave any furniture or appliances that
belong to the landlord. If you leave any old or broken furniture that you do
not want, the landlord may charge you a fee to take it away.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

3/df tftf–] lr;fs] f] ka| Gw

tkfO+{sf] ckf6d{ ]G6df hf8fd] f tfKgsf nflu lx6/ xG' 5 . tfk pTkfbg ug{ lahn' L
jf ©g];{ sf] k|of]u ul/G5, h;n] tftf] xfjf jf tftf] kfgL ckf6{d]G6sf sf]7fx?df

cfjf; 15

k7fpF5 . tftf] sd–a];L ug{ Pp6f ydf{]:6]6 /flvPsf] x'G5 . hf8f]df tfkqmd ^% bl] v
&@ l8u|L ©x/g] xfO6;Dd /fVgx' f;] \ . hlt a9L tftfs] f nflu ydf{]:66] 3'dfof,] Tolt g}
tftf]sf nflu k;} f ltgk'{ 5{ . tkfO{+sf] ckf6d{ G] 6df Po/–slG8;g klg x'g;S5, h;nfO{
afn] LrfnLsf] efiffdf …P;LÚ elgG5, o;sf] k|ofu] udL{df x'G5 . o;df tfkqmd &@
b]lv *) l8uL| ©x/]gxfO6;Dd /fVg'xf;] \ . P;Ldf hlt sd tfkqmd /fVgx' G' 5, k;} f
Tolt g} a9L ltg{k' 5{ .

Heating and Air Conditioning
Your apartment has a heater for use during cold weather. The heat may

come from electricity or from a furnace that sends hot air or hot water to
the rooms in the apartment. There should be a thermostat that let’s you set
the temperature for your apartment. In the winter you should set it between
65 and 72 degrees. The higher you set the temperature, the more the heat
will cost. Your apartment may also have air conditioning, sometimes called
AC, for use during hot weather. You should set its temperature between 72
and 80 degrees. The lower you set the AC temperature, the more it will
cost.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

cfufa] f6 ;'/Iff

w'jf;“ "rs oGq M of] oGqn] tkfO+{sf] 3/df wj' fF cfPsf] yfxf kfpF5 / ;+efljt
cfunfuLsf] ;"rgf lbG5 . o;n] 7"nf] :j/df l;6L ahfpFb} tkfO+{ / kl/jf/nfO{
wj' fFsf] ;r" gf lbP/ ;fjwfg u5{ . o:tf oGq kvfn{ jf l;lnªdf h8fg ul/Psf
x'G5g\ .

3/a]6Ln] tkfO{+ a:g] ckf6{d]G6df o:tf w'jfF;"rs oGq pknAw u/fOlbg'k5{ .
o:tf oGq ;wF} rfn" cj:yfdf x'g'k5{ lsgeg] olb cfuf] nfUg nfUof] eg] o;n]
;fjwfgL u/fpF5g\ / Hofg arfpg d2t u5g{ \ . o;df Aof6L« xfNgk' 5{ . cfjZos
kbf{ o;df Aof6L« ©g] {] sfd rflxF tkfO+{sf] lhDdj] f/L xf] .

o:tf ;a} oGqx? dlxgfsf] Psk6s hfFRg'xf];\ . o;sf] hfFr ug,{ o;sf]
cuf8Lsf] a6g lyRg'xf];\ . olb o;n] l;6L jf ;+s]tsf] 306L lbPg eg] Aof6«L jf
oGq g} tTsfn ©]g]{ an] f ePsf] xG' 5 . of] oGq vfn] /] g/fVg'xf]nf jf o;sf Aof6L«
glemSgx' fn] f . o;nfO{ Knfl:6s cflbn] g9fSgx' f]nf .

cfunfuLaf6 aRg 9fs] f M s'g} ckf6{dG] 6df d"n9fs] faf6 l5/k] l5 sf]7fx?df
hfg] 7fpF jf e¥ofªsf] 6K' kf] / ©b] df wfts' f] Pp6f 9f]sf xg' ;S5 . o:tf 9fs] fn]
lalN8ªsf] Pp6f ckf6d{ G] 6af6 csf{] ckf6d{ G] 6df cfuf] ©}ng lbFbg} g\ . o:tf 9f]sf
aGb 5g\ eg] dfq cfunfuLdf sfd u5{g\ . tkfO+{ / kl/jf/sf] ;/' Iffsf nflu oL
9fs] f slxNo} vn' f g5f8f+} . v'nf bl] vof] eg] aGb ul/xfnf}+ .

clUg;"rs oGq M of] oGq cfuf] nfu]sf] ;"rgf lbg] 306L xf] . of] oGq d"n–
9fs] faf6 l5/]kl5 sf7] fx?df hfg] 7fpF jf sg' } ;lhnf] 7fpFdf h8fg ul/Psf]

16 Housing

xg' ;S5 . o:tf oGq ;fdfGotM /ftf /+usf xG' 5g\ / ;a} ef8fjfnfn] ahfpg ;Sg]
7fpFdf /flvPsf xG' 5g\ . cfunfuL ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq of] oGq ahfP/ c?
ef8fjfnf 5/–l5ds] LnfO{ / cfuf] lgefpg] ljefu -clUg–lgoGq0f ljefu_ nfO{ va/
ugx'{ f]nf .

cfuf] lgefpg] pks/0f M oL pks/0fn] cfuf] lgefpg jf cfuf]–lgoGq0f
u5{g\ . 3/a]6L;Fu of] pks/0f k|ofu] ug{] tl/sf l;Sgx' f;] \ . o:tf pks/0f
ckf6{dG] 6 jf 3/sf s'g sg' 7fpFdf /flvPsf 5g\, Vofn ug'{xf;] \ .

Fire Safety
Smoke Alarms/smoke detector : A smoke alarm is a device that

detects smoke and a possible fire in your home. It will beep loudly to alert
you and your family if there is smoke or fire. Smoke alarms are usually
mounted on a wall or ceiling. Landlords must provide a smoke alarm in
your apartment. The smoke alarm must always be working because if
there is a fire, it can alert you and save your life. You are responsible for
replacing batteries in your smoke alarm when needed. All smoke alarms
should be tested once a month. To test it, touch the small “test” button
on the front. If it does not make a beep or alarm sound, the batteries or
alarm should be replaced immediately. Never take the smoke alarm down
permanently or leave the battery out of it. Do not cover it in any way.

Fire Doors : Some apartment buildings may have metal doors in the
hallways or at the top and bottom of stairs. These doors help prevent a fire
that might start in one apartment from spreading to other apartments in the
building. But they only help if they are kept closed. For the safety of you
and your family, never leave fire doors open. If you find one open, close
it.

Fire Alarms : An apartment building might have a fire alarm in the
hallway or other convenient location. These are usually painted red and
placed where tenants can sound the alarm. Use the alarm only when there
is a fire and you want to let other tenants know that there is a fire and to
call the fire department.

Fire Extinguishers : A fire extinguisher is a device used to put out or
control fires. Ask your landlord to show you how to use a fire extinguisher.
Know where the fire extinguishers are in your apartment or building.

mmm

17

cWofo # : lzIff

Chapter 3 : Education

lzIff

cdl] /sfdf afnaflnsf / jo:s -pd]/ ku' s] f] JolSt_ b'js} f nflu lzIff lgs}
dxÎjk"0f{ xG' 5 . of] cWofodf ePsf hfgsf/Ln] tkfO+{nfO{ cdl] /sfsf] lzIff k4lt /
:s"nsf] jftfj/0f s:tf] xG' 5 eg]/ aˇ' g d2t ug{5] g\ . of] cWofon] afnaflnsfsf]
lzIffdf cleefjssf] e"ldsfsf] dxÎjaf/] :ki6 kfg's{ f ;fy} jo:sx?sf] lzIffaf/]
hfgsf/L klg lbg5] .

Education
Education is very important in the United States for both children

and adults. The information in this topic will help you understand the
educational system in the United States and the school environment
for children. It will also explain the important role parents play in their
children’s education and provide information on adult education.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

afnlzIff

/fHosf] sfg'gcg;' f/ k|foMh;f] kfFrb]lv !^ jifs{ f] pd/] ;Ddsf ;a} afnaflnsf
:sn" hfg} k5{ . kfFrb]lv !* jif;{ Ddsf afnaflnsfn] lgMz'Ns ;fj{hlgs lzIff
kfpF5g\ . kT| os] /fHon] slt pd]/ ku' s] f afnaflnsfn] :sn" hfg ;?' ug{k' 5{
/ xfO{:s"n hfgsf nflu slt pd]/ rflxF a9L xG' 5 eGg] JofVof u/s] f 5g\ .
sx] L /fHon] PSsfO; jifx{ G' hn] ;fj{hlgs :s"n hfg] lgod agfPsf 5g\ . k9g\
;d:of ePsf jf zf/Ll/s ckfªu\ afnaflnsf clgjfo{ ?kdf :sn" hfg'k5{ . :yfgLo
:s"nn] tkfO{+;Fu ldn/] afnaflnsfsf cfjZostfcg;' f/ ;a} ka| Gw ldnfpF5g\ .

tkfO+{n] cfˆgf gfgLnfO{ s:tf] :sn" df k9fpg] eg]/ 5fGg ;Sgx' G' 5 . ;/sf/L
:s"nx? lgMzN' s xG' 5g\ . s]xL cflys{ ;xfotf pknAw kfP klg lghL :sn" x?df
z'Ns ltg{'k5{ . sx] L lghL :sn" x? wfld{s xG' 5g\ .

k'gjf{; ;+:yfn] tkfO{+sf gfgLnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/L :s"n egf{ ug{ d2t
ug]{5g\ .

Child Education
State laws require that all children go to school, usually between the

ages of five and sixteen. Free public education is available for children
ages five to eighteen. Each state decides how old children must be to
start school and when they are too old to be in high school. Some states
allow students to attend public school until age twenty-one. Children with
learning or physical disabilities must go to school. The local school will

18 Education

work with you to address your child’s needs.
You can choose what kind of school you want your child to attend.

Public schools are free. Private schools cost money, although some
financial assistance may be available. Some private schools are religious.

Your resettlement agency will assist you register your children with
your local public school.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

;/sf/L :sn" x¿

;/sf/L :sn" x?sf] Joj:yfkg …:sn" l8l:6«S6;Ú\ gfds lgsfon] u5{g\ .
uf| dL0f Ifq] x?df :s"n l8l:6S« 6 w/] } ;fgf xg' ;S5g\ / Pp6f dfq :s"n x/] ]sf
xg' ;S5g\ . 7"nf zx/df :s"n l8l:6«S6n] ;of+} leGgfleGg} :sn" x?sf] Joj:yfkg
u/s] f x'g;S5g\ . cd]l/sfsf ;/sf/L :s"nx?df ljleGg hflt / wds{ f gfgLx?
Pp6} sIffdf xG' 5g,\ ;Fu} k9\5g\ / ;fy} v]N5g\ . ;ah} ;f] ;/sf/L :s"nx?df 5fq
/ 5fqfnfO{ Pp6} sIffdf /fv/] k9fOG5 .

Public Schools
Public schools are managed by “school districts.” In rural areas, a school

district may be very small and operate only one school. In a large city the
school district may operate hundreds of different schools. In American
public schools, children from different races and religions attend class,
study, and play sports together. Boys and girls are taught together in almost
all public schools.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

vf]kx¿ -ODog' fOh;] G;\_

gfgLx?n] :s"ndf xflh/ x'g yfNgc' l3 sx] L /f]ulj?4 vfk] nufPsf] x'g'k5{ .
:s"nn] gfgLnfO{ vfk] nufPsf] kd| f0fkq jf lrlsT;sn] nv] s] f] sfuh dfU5g\ .
:s"nnfO{ gfgLsf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;a} k/' fgf hfgsf/L klg rflxg ;S5 . kg' jf{;
;+:yfn] tkfO+{sf gfgLnfO{ vfk] lbnfpg / :sn" nfO{ lbg'kg]{ sfuh–kqsf] aGbf]a:t
ug{ d2t u5g{ \ .

Immunizations
Schools require children to be immunized against certain diseases

before they can attend classes. Your child’s school will require a copy
of your child’s immunization records or a doctor’s written statement.
The school may also require other medical history information. Your
resettlement agency will help you arrange the necessary immunizations
and papers to give to the school.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lzIff 19

:sn" sf ljleGg tx

gfgLx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] pd]/ / pgLx?n] kfO;s]sf] lzIffsf cfwf/df Pp6f
lglZrt sIff -u8|] _ df egf{ ul/G5 . sx] L :sn" n] gfgL sg' sIffdf k9g\ ;S5
eGg] hfFRgsf nflu k/LIff klg lng ;S5g\ . sd c+uh]| L afN] g] ;fgf gfgLx?nfO{
;?' df cln tNnf] sIffdf /fVg klg ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotM cdl] /sL :sn" sf txcg;' f/
sIff / gfgLx?sf] pd]/ o;ks| f/ xG' 5g\ M
• lk|–:s"n -Pl] R5s_ – # b]lv $ jifs{ f] .
• lsG8/uf6g{ – % jifs{ f] .
• Plnd]G6/L :s"n, w/] }h;f] sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd, gfgLx?sf] pd]/ ^ b]lv !! jif{ .
• ld8n :s"n, ;fdfGotM sIff ^ b]lv * ;Dd / gfgLx?sf] pd]/ !! jif{b]lv !$

jif{ .
• xfO{:sn" , ;fdfGotM sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd / gfgLx?sf] pd]/ !$ jifb{ ]lv

!* jif{ .
7o\ fSs} pd/] / sIffx? tkfO{+sf] :sn" l8l:6«S6df ©/s kg{ ;S5g\ .

School Structure
Children are placed in a certain grade level depending on their age and

how much education they have already received. Some schools may test a
student to determine what grade level is best. Younger children who speak
little English may be placed in a lower grade level at first. Usually, the
different grade levels and ages are:
• Pre-school (optional) – 3 to 4 years old.
• Kindergarten – 5 years old.
• Elementary School, usually grades 1 to 5; students are usually 6 to 11

years old.
• Middle School, usually grades 6 to 8; students are usually 11 to 14

years old.
• High School, usually grades 9 to 12; students are usually 14 to 18 years

old.
The exact ages and grades may be different in your school district.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

z}lIfs jif{

zl} Ifs jif{ cu:t dlxgfsf] cGTolt/ jf ;]K6D] a/ dlxgf nfu] nuQ} ;?' x'G5 /
d] dlxgfsf] cGTo jf h"g dlxgfdf ;lsG5 . gfgLx? ;fd] af/b]lv z'qmaf/;Dd :sn"
hfG5g\ . :s"ndf k9\g] ;do ;f9] kfFr 306fb]lv ;ft 306f;Ddsf] xG' 5 . of] ;do
gfgL sg' txsf] :sn" df ku' s] f] 5, To;d} f e/ k5{ . ;fj{hlgs labfx?, udL{ labf
-j;Gt Ct'sf] labf_ / hf8f]sf] 5'§L, / lzIfssf] tflndsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf lbg
gfgLx? :s"n hfFbg} g\ . c+uh]| L ljifodf lgk'0f x'g g;ss] f jf sIffdf sdhf/]

20 Education

dflgPsf ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] k|ultsf nflu udL{sf] 5'§Ldf klg :sn" hfg'kg{] x'g–
;S5 . cleefjsn] sIff–lzIfs÷sIff–lzlIfsf jf :sn" ;Fu :sn" sf] jflifs{ kfqf]
-SofnG] 8/_ dfUgk' 5{ .

School Year
School years typically begin in late August or early September and

end in late May or in June. Children are in school Monday to Friday. The
school day is between five and a half to seven hours long, depending on
what school the child attends. Students do not attend school on national
holidays, during spring and winter breaks, and on days reserved for
teacher training. Students who need to improve their English or catch up
academically may have to attend summer school as well. Parents should
ask their child’s teacher or school for a school calendar.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

:s"ndf vfgf

gfgLx?n] lbpF;f]sf] vfgf -nGr_ :s"ndf vfG5g\ . aa' f–cfdfn] agfOlbg] eP
gfgLx?n] nGr 3/af6 nfg ;S5g\ jf geP :s"ndf lsGg ;S5g\ . cfˆgf]
cfDbfgL sd eP lgMz'Ns jf ;x'lnot b/df :sn" ] nGr kfpg lgj]bg lbg'k5{ .
nGr lgMzN' s jf ;xl' not b/df lbnfpg] ljifodf yk aˇ' g' k/] :s"ndf ;Dks{
/fVgx' f];\ . sg' }–sg' } :s"nn] laxfgsf] vfhf -a|]s©f:6_ klg VjfpF5g\ .

School Meals
Children eat lunch at school. Children can bring a lunch from home

that parents prepare for them, or buy lunch at school. Parents can apply
for children to receive free or reduced price school lunches, depending
on the household income. Parents should contact their child’s school for
information on how to apply. Some schools also offer morning breakfast
for students.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

xflh/L

ljBfyL{sf] xflh/L dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 . ljBfyL{n] ;dodf :sn" k'Ug'k5{ . cfˆgf] gfgL
:s"n kU' g l9nf] x'g] eP jf uon x'g] eP ©f]g u//] pm lsg l9nf] jf uon ePsf]
xf] eGg] hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ . w/] } :s"nx?nfO{ gfgL uon xg' ] jf ePsf] hfgsf/L
lnlvt ?kdf rflxG5 . cf©" uon ePsf] lbg 5'6s] f] k9fO ljBfyLn{ ] k/" f u5{g\
eGg] cfzf ul/G5 .

Attendance
School attendance is very important. Students must arrive at school on

time. You should always call the school to explain if your child is going
to be late or absent for any reason. Many schools also require a written

lzIff 21

explanation for any absence. Students are expected to make up any school
work they missed when they were absent.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

oftfoft

tkfO+{sf] a;f]af; :s"nglhs} 5 eg] gfgLx? lxF8/] hfg–cfpg ;S5g\ . :sn"
6f9f 5 eg] :sn" –l8l:6S« 6n] lgMzN' s a; pknAw u/fpF5 . pSt a;n] gfgLx?nfO{
tfl] sPsf] 7fpFaf6 n}hfG5 / :s"nkl5 NofP/ 5f85\ . ;fgf gfgLsf cleefjsn]
laxfg a; r9\g] 7fpFdf a; gcfpGh]n a:gk' 5{ . gfgLx?nfO{ a; r9fpg'k5{ .
a]n'sf ;'/lIft ?kdf 3/;Dd Nofpg gfgLx? cfn] g{ ] 7fpFdf cleefjs k'Ug'k5{ .

Transportation
If the school is near to where you live, children can walk to and from

school. If the school is far away, the school district will provide a free bus
that will pick your child up at a designated location and time and then drop
your child off after school. Parents of young children should always wait
with them at the bus stop in the morning and be at the stop to greet them
and take them home safely in the afternoon.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

:sn" df k9fOg] ljifo

kT| o]s /fHo / :sn" l8l:6«S6n] cfˆgf] If]qsf :sn" x?df s'g s'g ljifo
k9fpg] eGg] lg0f{o u5g{ \ . ;fdfGo ?kdf ;ah} ;f] ljBfyL{n] ul0ft, ;fdflhs lzIff,
c+u]|hL, lj1fg / zf/Ll/s lzIff k9g\ 'k5{ . rfxgn] ] snf, ;ªu\ Lt / ljbz] L efiffx?
klg k9g\ kfpF5g\ . xfO:{ sn" / s]xL ld8n :sn" x?n] ljBfyLx{ ?nfO{ sg' } vf;
ljifosf] uxg cWoog ug{ rfx] w/] } ljsNkx? lbG5g\ . tkfO{+n] cfˆgf 5f]/f–
5f]/L;Fu To:tf ljsNkx?af/] 5n©n ugk{' 5{ / pgLx?nfO{ To:tf ljifox? 5fGg
d2t ugk{' 5{ . w/] }h;f] :s"ndf :sn" –;dokl5 v]nsb' / Snax? agfO u}/–zl} Ifs
lqmofsnfk -k9fOafxs] sf lqmofsnfk_ xG' 5g\ .

Subjects Taught
Each state and school district decides what subjects will be taught in

its schools. In general, most students study mathematics, social studies,
English, science, and physical education. Classes in art, music, and foreign
languages are also usually offered. High schools and some middle schools
give students many choices about what classes they will take within the
broad subject areas. You should discuss those choices with your children
and help them decide what subjects to select. Most schools also have non-
academic activities such as sports and clubs after school hours.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

22 Education

c+u]h| L efiff l;sfO

cfkj| f;L afnaflnsfnfO{ /fdf| ] c+u|h] L cfpFbg} . pgLx?sf d'Vo r'gf}tLx?dWo]
c+u|h] Lsf] kofK{ t 1fg gxg' ' Pp6f xf] . c+uh]| L sdhf]/ x'gfn] pgLx?sf] k9fO
/fd|f] xF'b}g . ;fgf gfgLx?n] 7n" f afnaflnsf / jo:sx?eGbf rfF8f] efiff
l;S5g\ . w/] } :sn" df cd]l/sfsf gofF afl;Gbfsf nflu efiffsf ljz]if sIff
rnfOG5g\ . o:tf sIffx?nfO{ OPnPn -O+uln; Nofª\j]h nlg{ª, c+u]h| L efiff
l;sfO_ jf OP;Pn -O+uln; Oh P ;]s]G8 Nofªj\ h] , bf];|f] efiffsf ?kdf c+uh|] L_
klg elgG5 . o:tf sIffx? ePsf a]nf tkfO+{n] 5f]/f5f/] LnfO{ k7fpg'eof] eg]
pgLx?n] efiff l;Sg ;S5g\ .

English Language Learning
One of the biggest challenges for immigrant children is learning

sufficient English to be successful in all of their school work. Younger
children usually learn more quickly than older children and adults. Many
schools have special classes for new arrivals. These classes may be called
ELL (English Language Learning) or ESL (English as a Second Language).
Your child can benefit from these classes when they are provided.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

u[xsfo{ -xfd] js{_

lzIfslzlIfsfn] :s"nsf sfd 3/df NofP/ ug{ lbO/xG5g\ . 3/df ug]{ o:tf
sfdnfO{ u[xsfo{ -xf]djs_{ elgG5 . …u[xsfoÚ{ ugf{n] gfgLx?nfO{ :sn" df k9fOPsf
kf7x? aˇ' g ;lhnf] xG' 5 . tkfO+{n] pgLx?nfO{ ux[ sfox{ ? s] s:tf x'g\ eg]/ a'ˇg
d2t ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ pgLx?sf] u[xsfo{ cf©}Fn] eg] k6Ss} ul/lbg' xF'bg} .

Homework
Teachers often assign school work to be completed at home. Doing

“homework” helps your children understand what they are learning in
school. You can help your children understand the assignment, but you
should never do their homework for them.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

nAwf°–kq -l/kf]6{–sf8_{

tkfO+{sf gfgLn] :sn" df s] s:tf] ul//xs] f 5g\ eGg] nl] vPsf] sfuh
l/kf]6{–sf8{ xf] . :sn" x?n] k|foMh;f] jifs{ f] rf/k6s l/kf6] {–sf8{ k7fpF5g\ . s'g}
l/kf]6–{ sf8{df lzIfslzlIfsfn] gfgLsf] k|ultaf/] n]vs] f] l6Kk0fL xG' 5 . sf8{df gfgLn]
u/]sf] k|ult / l;ls/x]sf ljzi] f ;Lk tyf 1fgsf] dN" ofÍg c+sdf lbPsf] xG' 5 .
l/kf6] –{ sf8d{ f cIf/ nv] ]/ pgLx?sf] k|ultsf] :t/ lbPsf] xg' ;S5 . leGg :t/sf
nflu leGg cIf/ x'G5g\ . olb cIf/df :t/ tfl] sPsf] 5 eg] tL cIf/x?sf] cy{
w]/h} ;f] o:tf] xG' 5 M

lzIff 23

• P – pTsi[ 6 k9fO .
• aL – /fdf| ] k9fO .
• ;L – cf;} t k9fO . pgnfO{ k9fOdf ;xfotf cfjZos kg{ ;S5 .
• 8L – sd;n k9fO . pgnfO{ cltl/St ;xfotf lbg h?/L 5 jf pgL ©]n x'g

;S5g\ .
• P© – cgQ' L0f{ -©n] _, pgn] csf{] ;fn klg oxL sIff k9\g'k5{ ._

cfhsn sx] L :s"nn] gfgLsf l/kf]6{–sf8{ OG6/g6] df x]g{ ;lsg] agfpF5g\ .

Report Cards
A report card is a piece of paper that tells you how well your child is

doing in school. Schools usually send home report cards four times each
year. Some report cards have written comments from teachers. Others
provide a score that evaluates the child’s progress and success in gaining
specific skills and knowledge. Your child’s report card may have letters on
it. If so, the letters usually mean:
• A : Excellent work
• B : Good work
• C : Average work; child may need help with studies
• D : Poor work; child needs extra help or will fail
• F : Fail; child will have to take the class again

Some schools now also provide report cards for parents to see on the
Internet.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

cfr/0f

:sn" df gfgLx? cfˆgf ;fyLx?;Fu ldng;f/ x'g'k5{ . lzIfslzlIfsf tyf
lk|lG;knsf] cf1fsf/L xg' k' 5{ . lkl| G;kn egs] f] :sn" sf k|dv' xg' \ . :sn" x?df
gfgLx?n] kfngf ugk'{ g]{ dxÎjk"0f{ lgodx? x'G5g\ . o:tf lgodx?sf] kfngf
ugfn{ ] ;fxf| –] ufxf| a] f6 6f9} /lxG5 / k9fO /fd|f] xG' 5 . ljBfyLn{ ] kfngf ug{] sx] L
lgodx? o:tf 5g\ M
• ;dodf sIffdf k'Ug] .
• sIffdf s]xL ;f]Wg' jf af]Ngc' l3 xft p7fpg] .
• sIffsf]7faflx/ hfg cgd' lt lng] .
• u[xsfo{ ;dodf k/' f ug]{ .
• emu8f gug{] .

tkfO+{sf gfgLn] :s"nsf lgodx? kfngf u/g] g\ eg] pgLx?n] :sn" –;dokl5
klg ToxLF a:g' kg]{ x'g ;S5 . pgLx?n] :s"nsf] lgod tf]8] eg] pgLx?nfO{
s]xL ;dosf nflu :sn" hfg gldNg] u/L 3/ k7fpg ;lsG5 jf pgLx? ;w}Fsf
nflu :s"n hfg gkfpg] klg x'g ;S5g\ .

24 Education

Behavior
At school, your child should be respectful to his classmates and obey

his teacher and principal. The principal is the head of the school. Schools
have important rules that children need to obey to stay out of trouble and
do well in class. Some classroom rules for students are:
• Arrive to class on time.
• Raise your hand before you speak in class.
• Ask permission to leave the classroom.
• Complete homework on time.
• Do not fight.

If your children break a rule, they may have to stay after school. If they
behave very badly, they may be sent home from school for a period of time
or not be allowed to attend that school anymore.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

cleefjs ;n+ Ug

cdl] /sLx? cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] zl} Ifs–ultljlwdf cleefjs ;xefuL xg' k' 5{
eGgd] f ljZjf; u5g{ \ . cleefjsx?sf] o:tf] ;xeflutfn] :s"ndf gfgLx?nfO{ k9fO,
v]nsb' cflbdf /fdf| ] ug{ xf;} nf ldN5 . :sn" n] gfgLx?sf] k9fOaf/] afac' fdfnfO{
a'emfpg] sf]lzz u5{g\ . c+uh]| L ga'ˇg] cleefjsx?nfO{ cem a9L ;xof]u ug{
:s"nx? g} cl3;5{g\ .

gfgLx?sf] ku| ltaf/] Ps zl} Ifs jif{df sDtLdf bO' { k6s cleefjs / lzIfs–
lzlIfsfaLr 5n©n x'G5 . o;sf nflu :s"nn] cleefjsnfO{ af]nfpF5g\ . o;afxs]
s]xL k|Zg jf rf;f] eP, lzIfslzlIfsf;Fu ;do ldnfP/ s'g} klg an] f :sn" df e]6\g
;Sgx' 'G5 .

;+ej eP;Dd :s"ndf xg' ] ;ªu\ Lt, gf6s jf vn] s'b cflbsf ljzi] f sfoq{ mddf
klg cleefjs pkl:yt xg' k' 5{ .

Parent Involvement
Americans believe that parents should be involved in their children’s

education because this helps their children succeed in school. Schools
try to help parents understand their children’s education and many offer
information specifically for parents who do not speak English.

At least twice each year the school will ask you to meet with teachers
to discuss your child’s progress. In addition, you can ask to meet with your
child’s teachers any time that you have questions or concerns.

When possible, parents should also attend special school events such as
music concerts, plays, or sports.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lzIff 25

3/df cleefjssf] e"ldsf

3/df gfgLx?nfO{ k9\g] /fdf| jftfj/0f agfOlbg cleefjsx?n] klg w/] y} f]s
ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . gfgLx?nfO{ k9\g jf xfd] js{ ug{ zfGt 7fpFsf] aGbfa] :t ul/lbg'–
xf;] \ . o:tf] zfGt 7fpF egs] f] ;'Tg] sf7] fdf Pp6f 6]an' jf ;fgf] 8]:s x'g;S5 jf
vfgf vfg] 6a] n' klg x'g;S5 . Pp6f lgoldt ;dodf pgLx? Wofg lbP/ k9\g]
Joj:yf ul/lbgx' f;] \ . k9\g] an] fdf 6]lnlehg jf lel8of] u]D;x? gvfl] nlbgx' f;] \ .
a]nfan] f gfgLx?nfO{ sIffsf af/]df ;fW] gx' f];\ / pgLx?n] xf]djs{ rflxF lgoldt
u/]sf] xg' k' 5{ . :sn" hfg] gfgLx?n] kof{Kt ;do ;'Tgk' 5{, g'xfpg'k5{, laxfgsf]
vfhf vfPsf] x'g'k5{, df;} dcg;' f/ n'uf nufPsf] / xf]djs{ ;ss] f] xg' 'k5{ .

Parents’ Responsibilities at Home
Parents can also do several things to make the home a better place

for children to study and learn. Provide a quiet place for your child to
read or do homework. This can be a table or small desk in a bedroom
or even the dining table. Create a regular quiet time when no television
or video games are allowed and your child can concentrate and study.
Ask your children often about their classes and make sure that they do
their homework. Before your children go to school make sure they get
enough sleep, shower, eat breakfast, wear clean clothing appropriate for
the weather, and have their homework done.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

jo:ssf nflu lzIff

gfgLx?sf nflu :sn" clgjfo{ xf] eg] jo:ssf nflu Pl] R5s xf] tf klg
jo:ssf nflu oxfF lzIff kfpg] w/] } cj;/x? 5g\ . jo:sx?n] ;fFemdf lnOg]
sIffx?, Jofj;flos :sn" , snh] x? / ljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP/ k9g\ ;Sg'x'G5 .
w]/} k9/] k|foM /fd|f] hflu/ kfpg d2t k'U5 / a9L cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 . k'gjf{;
;+:yfn] tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfodf o:tf lzIff kfpg] cj;/ vf]Hg ;xfotf u5{g\ .

Adult Education
While school is required for children, it is optional for adults. However,

there are many educational opportunities for adults. Adults can attend
evening classes, vocational school, colleges, and universities. Getting
more education can often help you get a better job and make more money.
Your resettlement agency can help you find educational opportunities in
your community.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

c+u|h] L efiff l;sfO / ;fIf/tf sIffx¿

w/] } ;db' fox?n] jo:sx?sf nflu c+u]h| L sIffx? lbG5g\ . o;/L w]/}h;f]
c+u|]hL sIff rnfpg] ;+:yfx?– sDo'lg6L sn]h, rr{ jf ljzi] f :s"n xg' \ . s]xL

26 Education

t lgMz'Ns xg' ;S5g\ . c? o:tf ;+:yfx?n] eg] z'Ns lnG5g\ . Pp6} sIffdf
kf| oMh;f] ljleGg pd]/ / hfltsf k'?if tyf dlxnfx? ;Fu} a;/] k95\ g\ .

;'?sf sIffx?df bl} gs af]nLrfnLdf rflxg] c+uh|] L l;sfOgs' f ;fy} ;fwf/0f
c+uh|] L k9\g / n]Vgdf hf]8 lbOG5 . cln dflyNnf] :t/sf] c+u]h| L sIffx?df z4'
c+u]|hL Jofs/0f, lj:tt[ zAbx? l;Sg tyf cln pRr:tl/o k9fO / n]vfOdf hf8]
lbOG5 .

ESL and Literacy Classes
Most communities offer English classes for adults, often at community

colleges, churches, or special schools. Some may be free. Others will charge
a fee. Usually men and women of different ages and ethnic backgrounds
will attend these classes together.

In beginning level classes, emphasis will be on daily English
conversation and reading and writing simple English. In more advanced
classes the emphasis will be on correct English grammar, learning a larger
vocabulary, and more advanced reading and writing.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lhO8L

xfO{:s"n g;ss] f jf To; :t/sf] k9fO k"/f gug]n{ ] ToxL txsf] 1fg 5 egL
b]vfpg Pp6f 6:] 6df ;xefuL x'g kfpF5g\ . pSt 6:] 6nfO{ …hg/n Phs' ;] gn
8]enkdG] 6 6]:6Ú jf …lhO8LÚ elgG5 . pSt 6]:6df kfFr ljifodf tkfO{+sf] Ifdtf
hfFlrG5 . tL kfFr ljifox?– k9fO, n]vfO, Oltxf;, lj1fg / ul0ft x'g\ . lhO8L
lbg rfxgn] fO{ :sn" jf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?n] tof/Lsf nflu sIff klg rnfpF5g\ .
tkfO{+ lhO8L lbg ofU] o x'gx' G' 5 eg] slt j6f sIff lng'k5{ / slt zN' s ltg'k{ 5{
eGg] kSsf ug'x{ f];\ . zN' sdf sx] L 56' kfOG5 ls eg]/ ;fW] gx' f;] \ . lhO8L pQL0f{
ug'e{ of] eg] /fdf| ] hflu/ kfpg d2t xG' 5 . rf/ jif{] sn]h jf ljZjljBfno k9g\ sf
nflu lhO8L jf xfO:{ sn" l8Knfd] f k"/f u/s] f] x'gk' 5{ .

GED
People who did not finish high school can take a test to show that they

have the same knowledge as someone who graduated from high school.
This test is called the General Educational Development Test or GED. The
GED tests your understanding of reading, writing, history, science, and
math. GED classes may be offered by schools or community organizations
to help you prepare for the test. Make sure you find out how much the
classes and the GED test cost, and see if you are eligible for reduced prices.
Passing the GED can help you get a better job. The GED or a high school
diploma is also required to attend a four year college or university.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lzIff 27

pRrlzIff

jo:ssf] lzIffsf nflu tkfO{+n] oxfF lgDg tx k9\g ;Sgx' G' 5 -z}lIfs ;+:yf /
tx k/" f ug{ nfUg] cjlw_ M
• kd| f0fkq -;l6l{ ©s]6_ tx M sDo'lg6L sn]h, 6]«8 jf Jofj;flos :sn" x? – 5

dlxgfbl] v bO' { jif{ .
• Pzf]l;o6\; l8uL| M sDol' g6L sn]h – bO' { jif{ .
• :gfts tx -Aofrn;{ l8uL| _ M sn]hdf rf/ jif{ jf ljZjljBfno M rf/ jif{ .
• :gftsf]Q/ tx -df:6;{ l8uL| _ M Aofrn;{ l8u|L ;lsPkl5 Ps jf bO' { jif{ .
• ljBfjfl/lw -8S6/6] _ M ljZjljBfno – df:6;{ l8u|L ;lsPkl5 b'O{b]lv * jif{ .

Higher Education
These are the different levels of adult education you can receive

(institution and time to complete) :
• Certificate: Community college, trade or vocational school – six months

to two years
• Associate’s degree: Community college - two years
• Bachelor’s degree: Four year college or university - four years
• Master’s degree: University – one or two years after bachelor’s degree
• Doctorate: University - two to eight more years after master’s degree

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

Jofj;flos tflnd

jo:sx?n] Jofj;flos jf k|fljlws :sn" x?df s'g} ljzi] f k]zfsf nflu tflnd
lnP/ k|df0f–kq kf| Kt ug{ ;Sgx' G' 5 . o:tf Jofj;flos jf k|fljlws tflnddf
wf/fsf] kfOksf] sfd, l;sdL{, uf8L d]sflgS;, sDKo6' /, lrlsT;f ;xfos / cGo
Jofkf/;DaGwL sfd cflb k5g{ \ . sg' } hflu/ kfpg tkfO{+n] /f]huf/bftfnfO{ sg' }
ljz]if If]qdf tflnd lnP/ cf©;" Fu k|df0f–kq ePsf] b]vfpg' kg]{ x'g ;S5 .
o:tf ljz]if ;Lksf tflnd– Jofj;flos :s"n, Jofkfl/s :s"n, k|fljlws snh] jf
sDol' g6L sn]hx?af6 kfOG5g\ .

Vocational Training
Adults can earn certificates from vocational or technical schools to show

they are trained for particular skilled occupations such as plumbing, carpentry,
auto mechanics, computers, medical assisting, and other trades. For some
jobs you need a certificate to show your employer that you are trained in a
specific skill. Schools that provide training in a specific skill are vocational
schools, trade schools, technical colleges, or community colleges.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

28 Education

;fd'bflos -sDo'lg6L_ snh] x¿

sDo'lg6L snh] x? klg :sn" x? x'g,\ ToxfF k9]/ tkfO+{n] Pzfl] ;o6 l8uL| kfpg
;Sgx' G' 5 . pSt l8u|L k"/f ug{ tkfO+{nfO{ ;fdfGotM bO' { jif{ nfU5 . s]xL sDol' g6L
snh] n] /ftL jf ;KtfxfGt -zlgaf/–cfOtaf/_ sIff rnfpg] ePsfn] cfˆgf] lgoldt
sfd u//] ljBfyL{ sIffdf xflh/ x'g ;S5g\ . Pzfl] ;o6 l8uL| n] tkfO+{sf] cfDbfgL
a9fpg d2t ug{ ;S5 . of] tx ;lsPkl5 tkfO+{ rf/ jif{sf nflu ol' gel;6{ L
-ljZjljBfno_ klg hfg ;Sgx' G' 5 .

Community Colleges
Community colleges are also schools where you can earn an Associate’s

degree. It usually takes two years to earn this type of degree. Some
community college courses are offered at night or on weekends so that a
student can work a regular job and attend classes. An Associate’s degree
can help you earn more money in your job. You can also transfer to a four-
year university after earning your Associate’s degree.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

snh] / ljZjljBfnox¿

snh] jf ljZjljBfnodf :gfts tx -Aofrn;{ l8u|L_ k/" f ug{ rf/ jif{ nfU5 .
of] tx ;?' ubf{ ;a} ljBfyLn{ ] tf]lsPsf]÷clgjfo{ vfnsf] kf7o\ qmd k/' f u/L cfwfl/t
1fg lng'k5{ . To;kl5 pgLx?n] rfx]sf] Ifq] df ljz]if1tf xfl;n ug{ k9g\ 'k5{ .
:gfts txdf ljz]if1tf xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] If]qx? M Joj;fo Joj:yfkg, hLj lj1fg,
Oltxf;, ul0ft, lzIf0f jf OlGhlgol/ª cflb xg' \ . snh] / ljZjljBfnox?df k9g\
c+uh|] L efiffdf ljzi] f Ifdtf xg' 'k5{ . sg' } klg pd/] sf] jo:s dflg; sn]h hfg
;S5g\ . sf]xL dflg; xfO:{ s"n ;lsg] lalQs} snh] hfG5g\ eg] sf]xL sx] L jif{
sfd u5{g\, cln kfsf] pd/] sf xG' 5g\, clg snh] hfG5g\ .

Colleges and Universities
At a college or university, you can earn a Bachelor’s degree in four

years. Students are usually required to complete a general curriculum
before specializing in a field such as business management, biology,
history, mathematics, teaching, or engineering. Colleges and universities
require a high level of English ability. Adults of any age can go to college.
Some people go to college right after they graduate from high school and
other people go when they are older and have worked for some years.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

snh] df cfjb] g

snh] jf ljZjljBfno egfs{ f] cfj]bg lbg tkfO{+n] xfO:{ s"n Uof| h'o6 x'g]–x'g]
an] f ePsf] jf lhO8L u/]sf] x'gk' 5{ . tkfO{+n] Pp6f cfj]bg–©f/d egk{' 5{ / …P;P6LÚ

lzIff 29

jf …Pl;6LÚ h:tf 6:] 6dWo] s'g} Ps 6:] 6 lbg'kg]{ xg' ;S5 . of] 6:] 6 lng'sf] cy{
Pp6f ljBfyL{;Fu ljleGg ljifodf s,] slt / s:tf] 1fg 5 eGg] hfFRg' xf] .
sIff !! df k9g\ ] ljBfyL{n] xfO:{ s"ndf ePsf ;Nnfxsf/;Fu Jofj;flos tflnd /
snh] af/] 5n©n ug{ yfNgk' 5{ . ljBfyL{ / cleefjsn] klg pRrlzIff
-sIff !@ kl5sf] lzIff_ af/] cfk;df 5n©n ug'{k5{ . sn]hsf nflu cfj]bg
kf| oMh;f] ljBfyL{ snh] hfg'eGbf ^ bl] v !@ dlxgfcl3 g} kz] ug]{ ul/G5 . snh] n]
cfj]bg lbg] ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ egf{ ub{}gg\ . sx] L snh] n] Psbd} yf]/} dfq ljBfyL{ egf{
lnG5g\ . hg' sn]hx?df cf©"n] egf{ kfpg ;S5' h:tf] nfU5 tL ;a} sn]hdf
cfj]bg lbg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .

Applying to College
To apply to a college or university you need to be close to graduating

from high school or have a GED. You will need to fill out an application
and may be required to take a standardized test such as either the “SAT”
or “ACT” test. These tests evaluate your knowledge in several different
subjects. Students in 11th grade should begin to talk about vocational
training and colleges with their high school guidance counselor. Students
and their parents should discuss together the choices for higher education.
College applications must usually be submitted six to twelve months ahead
of the time when the student will enroll. Colleges do not accept all students
that apply. Some accept only a small percentage. It is important to apply to
some colleges that are most likely to accept you.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

snh] sf] k9fO vr{

sn]h jf ljZjljBfnodf k9g\ z'Ns ltgk{' 5{ . snh] df ltg{] zN' snfO{ 6o\ O" zg
elgG5 . ©/s snh] df 6o\ O" zg ©/s x'G5 . sn]h jf ljZjljBfnocg';f/
Ps jifs{ f nflu pSt z'Ns jflif{s $ xhf/ 8n/b]lv *) xhf/;Dd xG' 5 .
tkfO+{n] lstfa / cGo z'Ns klg a'emfpg' kg]{ xG' 5 . rf/ jif]{ ljZjljBfnoeGbf
Jofj;flos tflnd jf sDo'lg6L snh] x? ;:tf xG' 5g\ . ;/sf/L ljZjljBfnox?
gLlheGbf ;:tf xG' 5g\ . tkfO{+ cf©" a;s] f] /fHosf] ;/sf/L ljZjljBfno hfg'eof]
eg] tkfO+{nfO{ ;:tf] k5{ . cGo /fHosf] ljZjljBfnodf k9g\ hfge' of] eg] dxFuf]
xG' 5 . 3/af6 snh] jf ljZjljBfno gwfpg] xf] eg] 5fqfjf;df a:bf sf7] f /
vfgfsf nflu cltl/Qm zN' s ltg{k' 5{ .

The Cost of College
You must pay a fee to attend a college or university. The attendance

fee is called tuition and may be as little as $4,000 per year to as much as
$80,000 per year depending on the college. You also have to pay for books
and other school fees. Vocational training or community colleges cost

30 Education

less than four-year universities. Public universities cost less than private
universities. If you attend a public university in your own state, you pay
less than if you went to a university in a different state. Students who do
not live at home when going to college will have to pay additional fees for
a dormitory room and meals.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

snh] sf nflu eS' tfgL

ev/{ k'gjf{; ePsf kl/jf/x?n] sn]hsf] k'/} zN' s rS' tf ug{ ;Sbg} g\ .
snh] sf] zN' s ltg{ slxns] fxLF tkfO+{n] sx] L ;xfotf kfpg ;Sgx' G' 5 . cg'bfg,
5fqj[lQ jf cfly{s ;xfotfsf nflu lgjb] g lbgk' 5{ . tkfO{+n] ljBfyL–{ C0fsf nflu
klg lgj]bg lbg ;Sg'x'G5 . ljBfyL{–C0fdf lnPsf] /sd cf©" :gfts -Uo|fh'o6_
ePkl5 ltg{ ;'? ug'{k5{ . snh] –zN' sdf ykyfk /sd h'6fpgsf nflu lbgsf]
jf xKtfsf] s]xL 306f sfd ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . sn]hsf] cflys{ zfvf / xfO:{ sn" df
ePsf ;Nnfxsf/;Fu z'Ns ltg{] jf 56' kfpgsf nflu s] s:tf pkfo x'g;S5g\
eGg] hfGg 5n©n ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 .

w]/} ljBfyL{nfO{ snh] zN' s ltg{ ;+3Lo cgb' fg, C0f, / …sfd ub}{ k9g\ Ú] h:tf
cj;/ pknAw 5g\ . …;+3Lo ljBfyL{ ;xfotfsf nflu lgMz'Ns cfj]bgÚ ©fˆ;f
-k|mL clKns];g ©/ ©8] /] n :6o\ 8' G] 6 P8, P©PP©P;P_ df©t{ o:tf ;l' jwf
kfOG5g\ . cleefjs / ljBfyL{ ldn]/ o;sf nflu lgjb] g lbgk' 5{ . lgj]bg lbP/
dfq k'Ub}g\, cleefjssf] cfDbfgL / hfohy] f x]/]kl5 dfq ljBfyL{nfO{ k9fO{sf nflu
cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw x'g] jf gxg' ] lg0f{o xG' 5 .

Paying for College
Most recent immigrant families will not be able to pay the full cost of

college. You can sometimes find assistance to help pay for college. You
can apply for a grant, scholarship, or financial aid. You can also apply for
a student loan, money that you borrow to pay for school and then start
repaying after you graduate. You can also seek part-time jobs to earn
money that will help pay for college. You can talk to the financial office
at the college and to your high school guidance counselor to find out what
options you have to help pay tuition.

Federal grants, loans, and work-study opportunities are available for
many students to help pay for college. These must be applied for using the
Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Parents and student
must complete this application cooperatively because parents’ incomes
and assets are important in determining whether a student will be eligible
for any type of aid.

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

lzIff 31

ljb]zL l8uL| ÷k|df0fkqsf] dfGotf

cfˆgf] b]zdf gl;{ª, lzIf0f, nv] f, Joj;fo Joj:yfkg, / OlGhlgol/ª h:tf
Jofj;flos If]qsf ljifodf k|fKt l8u|L / kd| f0fkqnfO{ cdl] /sfdf ToxL :t/sf]
dflgbg} . oxfF ToxLcg;' f/sf] z}lIfs ofU] otf k|fKt ug{ 6:] 6x? lbg'k5{ jf sn]hdf
yk kf7\oqmddf sx] L ;do k9g\ 'k5{ . cfˆgf] z}lIfs ofU] otfnfO{ cdl] /sL of]Uotf–
a/fa/ agfpg ul/g] oL pkfox? dxFuf xg' ;S5g\ / o;sf nflu w/] } ;do nfUg
;S5g\ . cf©" cfPsf] bz] df cf©"n] ul//x]sf] kz] fdf hfg rfxg]n] cdl] /sfsf]
k|df0fkq gkfpGh]n kf| oMh;f] l;sf?sf ?kdf sfd ;'? ug'k{ 5{ .

oxfF sx] L ;+:yfx? 5g\, h;n] tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] bz] df kfPsf] zl} Ifs–ofU] otfsf]
dfGotf cdl] /sf / Sofg8fdf s] xf] eg/] t'ngf ul/lbG5g\ . To;dWo] …jN8{ Phs' ];g
;le;{ ]hÚ Pp6f xf] .

Foreign Degree/Certificate Equivalency
People with degrees and certificates from their native country in

professional areas such as nursing, teaching, accounting, business
management, and engineering will find that their credentials are not
accepted in America. They may have to prove their competency through
tests or enroll in additional college courses before they will be granted an
equivalent American credential. This process can be expensive and take a
long time. Immigrants seeking to reenter their professions must often take
an entry level job while preparing for American certification.

There are some organizations which provide credential evaluations for
international students and immigrants planning to continue their studies or
work in the U.S. and Canada. One of them is World Education Services

(WES).

――― ᴥ ᴥ ―――

;I+ fk] df

cdl] /sfdf lzIff lgs} dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 . afnaflnsfn] ljleGg ljifo k9\g /
cfjZos ;Lk l;Sg clgjfo{ :sn" hfgk} 5{ . cfˆgf gfgLx?nfO{ /fdf| ] ljBfyL{
agg' \ eGg] cleefjsn] 5f/] f5f/] Lsf] lzIffdf rf;f] lbg' / ;xefuL x'g' lgs} /fd|f]
xG' 5 . jo:sx?n] cfˆgf] k9fO lgoldt ug{ …lhO8LÚ sIff lng ;Sgx' 'G5, Jofj;flos
kd| f0f–kq xft kfg{ ;Sg'x'G5 / sn]h jf ljZjljBfnodf k9\g ;Sgx' 'G5 . lzIffsf
sf/0f tkfO+{n] rfxc] g';f/sf] hflu/ kfpg / cfDbfgL a9fpg ;Sg'x'G5 . cd]l/sfdf
;an} fO{ w/] } zl} Ifs cj;/x? 5g\ .

Summary
In the United States, education is very important. Children are required

to go to school to learn about different subjects and develop useful skills. It

32

is important for parents to be involved in their children’s education so they
can help their children be better students. Adults can continue learning
by taking GED classes, earning a vocational certificate, and attending a
college or university. Education can help you get the job you want and
increase the money you can earn. There are many educational opportunities
for everyone in the United States.

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