11. Movement around the vertical axis is called
L2. The moves up and down causing the nose
of the aircraft to move up and dow.n.
13. The speed of the aircraft increases when
ls greater than drag.
L4. The nose of the aircraft turns to the right or left when the aircraft
moves around its .
15. When one wing goes up and the other wing goes downr 8o aircraft
16. To balBnce Ehe ai-rcraft during flight, the pllot adjusts Lhe
L7. If an aircraft has a control wheel instead of a stick to control the
altitude and movement, this wheel ls called a
18. The imaginary line from wing tip to wing tip around whlch an aircraft
turns is the
19. The controls which move the rudder are the
20. To increase the fuel supply to Ehe engine, the pilot moves the
2L. The front part of the wing is the
22. The aircraft rolls to the right or left around its
3-11
QTIESTI0NS
Answer t,he questlons wlth complete sentences. Write the answers ln the space
provided.
1. What do you call the movable control surface attached to the verLical
stablLLzer of an aircraft?
2. What ls the lateral axls of an alrcraft?
3. What ls the name for the upward force actlng on an aircraft?
4. What are flaps?
5. I^Ihat ls a control surf ace?
6. I{hat is the movable control surface attached to the horizontal
stabllizer called?
3-L2
7. What is the trailing edge of the wing?
8. What is drag?
9. What is used to increase or decrease the fuel supply to the engine?
10. What do you call the imaginary line, perpendicular to the longitudinal
and lateral axes, around which the aircraft turns?
ll. What is an aileron?
L2. What are the controls in the cockpit called which are used to move
the rudders?
13. What do you call the front part of the wing?
3- 13
L4. What is a yoke?
15. What is a trim tab?
16. What is a measurement of gravit,y?
L7. What is the movement of an aircraft around its lateral axls called?
18. What is the longitudinal axis?
19. What i.s yaw?
20. What is the name of the lever i-n the cockpit used to control the altitude
and movement of an aircraft?
3-14
2L. What is thrust?
22. What do you call the movement of the aircraft around its longitudinal
axis ?
3-15
MATCHING EXERCISE
Match the terms in Column B with the phrases in Column A. Write the terms
in the blanks.
Column A Column B
1. the imaginary line from the nose Er longitudinal axis
to the tail b. elevator
2. is attached to the horizontal cr pitch
s t abi LLzer d. yoke
3. the wheel used to control the €o ro11
altitude and movement f. lateral axis
4. the movable surfaces on the g. rudder
leading edges of the wings
h. yaIJ
5. a measurement of gravitY i. drag
j. aileron
6. the movement of an aircraft around k. weight
its longitudinal axls
7. attached to the trailing edge' 1. vertical axis
near the wing tiP o. thrust
Ir. stick
8. the inaginary line from wing tiP o. flaps
to wing tip
9. the force that moves an aircraft
forward
10. movement around Ehe lateral axis
11. attached to the vertlcal stablllzer
LZ. opposes the movement of a body
through the air
3-16
QUrZ EXERCISE
Answer the followlng questions or complete the following sentences by
narking the best ansrderr 8r b, or cr
1. The movable control surface aEtached to the tralllng edge of the
wing tip ls the .
8. elevator
b. alleron
c. rudder
2. What is the back part of the wing called?
€1. the leading edge
b. the wing tip
co the trailing edge
3. The wheel in the cockpit used to control the altltude and movement of
an airplane is the
.
8. stick
b. yoke
cr rudder
4. What are the rudder pedals used for?
8. to control the vertlcal stablLizer
b. to move the rudder
c. to move the aircraft forward
5. What does the pilot use to increase or decrease the fuel supply to
the engine?
E. throttle
b. rudder pedals
co thrust
6. The lmaginary line, perpendicular to the other two axes, around which the
aircraft turns is the .
d. lateral axls
b. longitudinal axis
c. vertical axis
7 . What Ls yaw?
it. the movement of an aircraft around its vertlcal axis
b. the movement of an aircraft around its longltudinal axis
c. the movement of an aircraft around its lateral axis
3-L7
AVIATION LESSON 4
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson you will make oral and written responses to oral
and written questions as follows:
l. What happens to the speed of an aircraft when the aircraft accelerates?
When the aircraft accelerates, its speed increases.
2. lJhat is an aircraft doing when it is decelerating?
An aircraft is slowing down or decreasing its speed when it is
decelerating.
3. What happens when an aircraft ascends?
When an aircraft ascends, it clinbs or gains altitude.
4. What is a climb?
A climb is a nose-high position in which the aircraft gains altltude.
5. What happens when an aircraft descends?
When an aircraft des'cends, it loses altitude.
6. WhaL is a dive?
A dive is a nose-low position in which the aircraft loses altitude.
7 . I.Ihat is a bank?
A bank is the attitude of an aircraft when its wings form an angle with
respect to the horizotr.
8. What is a skld?
A skid is the sidewise sliding of an aircraft away from the center of a
turn.
9. What is a slip?
A slip is the sidewise sliding of an aircraft toward the center of a
turn.
10. What is the cruising speed of an aircraft?
Cruising speed is the speed in level flight that results from a power
setting at which an aircraft operates most efficiently.
11. What is an aircraft doing when it is airborne?
An aircraft that is airborne is moving through the air.
L2. What is a maneuver?
A maneuver is a planned movenent of an aircraft.
13, What ls a stall?
A stall is the loss of sufficient lift to support the aircrafE ln a
parti-cular attitude.
4-r
14. What ls the horizon?
horlzon is the line at
The ocean appear to meet. a distance where the sky and ground or sky
and
15. What ls the attitude of an alrcraft?
Attltude ls the positlon of an aircraft ln relation to the horlzon.
16. What ls bounclng?
BouncLng is what happens when the wheels hlt the ruilday with too
force during landing causLng the plane to junp lnto the ai.r like much
a ball.
L7. What is floating?
Floatlng is the result of trylng to land an aircraft at too high an
alrspeed so that the aircraft continues to fly down the runrray without
the wheels touching.
18. What does it mean to overshoot?
To overshoot ls to fly past a certain spot or loeation.
19. What does it mean to undershoot?
To undershoot ls to fly short of a certaln spot or location.
20, What ls porpolsing?
Porpoislng ls bounclng back and forth from nose gear to main gear
during landlng.
4-2
TERMINOLOGY AND PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
The pronunciation and stressed syllables (shown in capital letters ) for the
objective Eerms in this lesson are:
l. accelerate (ac CEL er ate)
2. airborne (ArRborne> / ("b"rrf
3. ascend (as CEND)
4. attitude
5. bank (Ar ri rude, / (f ,*, l/
(BANK) - J b-y1
6. bouncing (BOUN cing)
7. climb (cLrMB) - , 'il a. nrf -
(cRurs ins speed > / xr(-, g sP;l
8. crui-sing speed
9. decelerate (de cEL er are) / rl ' t/ t tr"+f
10. descend (des CEND)
11. dive (DrvE)
L2. floating
(rr,oAr i,e) / +l {*g/
4-3
13. horizon (hor I zon)
L4. maneuver
(nan EU ver)
15. overshoot
(over SHOOT)
16. porpoising
L7. skid (POR pois irg)
18. slip
19. stal1 ( sKrD ) /'"k-'l' -
20. undershoot
t''rl(sLrP) /
( STALL )
f +/>(un der snoor
and, ar * (
4-4
VISUALS FOR LESSON 4 .. 9,'
A|RCnAFT tS tX A 110 { frlJ 9l
DIYIXG ATTITUDE
T
no{?<1 l]Utn]x fTuil.
AIRCRAFT t3 tX A
CLITBlXG ATTITUDE
ELEVATOR IX
XEUTRAL POSITIOX
AIRCRAFT XEITHER CLIf83 NON DIYES
4-5
VISUALS FOR LESSON 4 ( cont 'd )
'OOO8
BOUNCING
FLOATING
PORPOISING
4-6
VISUALS FOR LESSON 4 (contrd)
A STALL
BANKS
4-7
VISUALS FoR LESSON 4 (contld)
SPOT FOR RUNWAY Ftl
LANDING
UNDERSHOOT
UNDERSHOOT
I
SPOT FOR RUNWAY
OVERSHOOT OVERSHOOT
4-8
VISUALS FOR LESSON 4 (cont fd)
CENTER OF TURN
NORMAL TURN
CENTER OF TURN
4-9
GLOSSARY
ACCELEMTE: to increase speed.
Ex: If an aircraft aceelerates, it goes faster.
ATRBORNE: describes an ai-rcraft moving through the air.
Ex: In order to become airborne, an aircrafE must move at a
certain speed.
ASCEND: to climb or gain altitude.
Ex: In order to ascend, the pilot applies back pressure to the yoke.
ATTITUDE: the position of an aircraft in relation to the horizon.
Ex: The attitude of an aircraft is indicated on an instrument called
an attituE-li?IEator.
BANK: the attitude hoofrizaonn".i."r"tf when its wings form an angle with
respect to the
Ex: When a pilot makes a turn, he banks the aircraft.
BOUNCING: the wheels hitting Ehe runway wlth too much force durlng landing
causing the plane to junp into the air like a ball.
Ex: Bouncing occurs when the aircraft hits the runway too hard.
CLIN'IB: a nose-high position of an aircraft ln which the aircraft galns
altitude.
Ex: To increase altitude in an aircraft is to climb.
CRUISING SPEED: the speed in level flight thac results from a porner setting
at which an aircraft operates most efflciently.
Ex: The aircraft is rigged for balance at cruising spee9 ln straight
and level fllght.
DECELEMTE: to decrease speed.
Ex: If an aircraft decelerates, it slows down.
DESCEND: to dive or to lose altitude.
Ex: When ready to descend, the pilot lowers the nose of Ehe aircraft.
DIVE: a nose-low position of an aircraft in which the alrcraft loses
altitude.
Ex: To dive is to lose altitude rapidly.
4-10
FLOATING: the result of Erying to land an aircrafE aE too high an airspeed.
The aircraft continues to fly down the runway without the wheels touching
the runway.
Ex: Floating occurs when a pilot tries to land an aircraft too fast.
HORIZON: the llne at a distance where the sky and ground or sky and ocean
appear to meet.
Ex: The horizon can be used to determine flight attitude.
I4ANEUVER: a planned movement of an aircraf E .
Ex: Clinbs, turns, and dives are examples of maneuvers.
OVERSHOOT: Eo fly past a certain spot or location.
Ex: You overshoot your landing when you fly beyond a certain spot.
PORPOISING: bouncing back and forth from nose gear to maLn gear during
landing.
Ex: Porpoising occurs when the aircrafE is in an improper posltlon for
landiifrnE at too high an airspeed.
SKID: the sidewise sliding of an aircraft arilay from the center of a turn.
Ex: When an aircraft is slidlng away from a turnr w€ call the movement
a skid.
SLIP: the sidewise sliding of an aircraft toward the center of a turn.
Ex: When an aircraft slides downward and toward the center of a turn,
we call the movement a sliP.
STALL: the loss of sufficient lift to support the aircraft in a partlcular
attitude.
Ex: When a stall occurs, the nose of the aircraft beglns to drop.
UNDERSHOOT: to fly short of a certai.n spot or location.
Ex: When you fly short of a certaln spotr you undershoot your landing.
4-1 I
CO}IPLETION EXERCISE
l'lrite in the missing terms that correctly complete the sentences.
l. When an aircraft hits the runway too hard and then junps back up in
the air, this is called
2. The line where the sky and the ground appear to meet is the
3. When an aircraft slows down, it
4. Sliding away from a turn is 'called a
5. When you come in too fast, itrs easy to
the rumday.
6. The pilot applies back pressure to the yoke in order to
7. When the wings of an aircraft form an angle with respect to the horizon,
the aircraft is
8. An aircraft moving through the air is
9. The speed at which the aircraft operates most efficiently is the
10. When an aircraft is losing altitude rapidly, it is in a
11. Any planned movement of an aircraft is a
4-L2
L2. When you fly short of a certain spotr you
your landing.
13. When an aircraft slides sidewise toward the center of a turn, it rs
called a .
14. An aircraft when it increases its speed.
15. A is a maneuver in which an aircraft
i-ncreases altitude.
16. A is the loss of sufficient lift to
support the aircraft in a particular attitude.
L7. To lose altitude is to dive or
18. When a pilot tries to land but continues to fly down the runway, the
ai-rcraft is .
19, occurs when the aircraft hits on the nose
gear and then bounces back and forth from the nose gear to the main gear.
20. is the posltlon of an aircraft in relation
to Ehe horizon.
4-13
QUESTIONS
Answer the questlons with complete sentences. Write the answers in the space
provided.
1. What is a climb?
2. How do you describe an aircraft that is moving through the aLr?
3. What do you do when you fly short of a certain spot or location?
4. What is the horizon?
5. Describe the cruising speed of an aircraft.
6. What does it mean to overshoot?
7. When an aircraft decreases its speed, what does it do?
4-L4
8. What happens when an aircraft ascends?
9. What is a stall?
10. Descri-be porpoising.
11. What is the positiorr of an aircrafE in relation to the horizon called?
L2. What is a dive?
13. What is bouncing?
L4. What happens to the speed of an aircrafu when the aircraft accelerates?
15. What is a skid?
4-L5
L6. What describes the attitude of an aircrafE, when its wings form an angle
with respect to the horizon?
L7. What does an aircraft do when it descends?
18. WhaE is floating?
19. What is a planned movement of an aircraft called?
20. What is a slip?
4-16
./ fIi0{flilq
q
no{?liuln1l fitJlr.
MATCHING EXERCISE
I"latch the terms in Column B with the phrases in Column A. Write the letters
in the blanks.
Column A Column B
l. to gain altitude ei. accelerate
2. jumping back into the air b. porpoising
c. maneuver
3. moving through the air d. descend
4. to tLy short of a certai-n spot €. floating
f. undershoot
5. a planned movement g. airborne
h. dive
6. slide toward the center of a turn
i. overshoot
7. to decrease speed j. ascend
k. skid
8. bouncing from nose gear to main
gear 1. decelerate
9. most efficient speed n. slip
D. bouncing
10. continuing to fly down the runway o. cruising speed
while trying to land
11. to fly past a certain location
L2. to slide away from the center of a
turn
4-17
QUIZ EXERCISE
Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by narking
the best answerr Er bt or cr
l. What happens when an aircraft ascends?
tro It increases its sPeed.
b. It gains altitude.
cr It dives.
2. What happens when an aircraft decreases speed?
d. It accelerates. '
b. It descends.
ce It decelerEtes.
3. When the wings of an aircraft form an angle with respect to the horlzon,
itfs called a
o
ztr dive to support an aircraft in a particular
b. bank
c r skid
4. The loss of sufficient lift
attitude is a
E. stall -
b. dive
c o sliP
5. To fly short of a particular spot is to o
8o ovefshoot
b. undershoot
co dive
6. What is an aircraftrs cruising speed?
8r the speed in leve1 flight at which the aircraft operates most
ef f icient'lY
b. the most efficient speed for take-off
co the sPeed for landing
7. Bouncing back and forth from nose gear to main gear during landing is
called J
ao banking
b. floating
c o porpoising
4-18
AV IAT ION LESSON 5
COMPLETION EXERCISE REVIEW
Complete the following sentences using the objective terms from Lessons
1, 2, 3, and 4.
I. The is the tail section of an al-rcraf t.
keeps the aircraft sEeady durlng
2. The
flight.
3. The back of the wing is called the
4. The upward force acting on the wing of an aircraft increases when
the are lowered.
5. When an aircraft slows down, it
6. When an aircraft is losing altitude rapidly, it is ln a
7. A is a hard surface where aircraft are
parked when they are not being flown.
8. Pilots go to to plan their flights.
9. A is a maneuver in which an aircraft
increases altitude.
10. When a pilot tries to land but continues to fly down the rururay,
the aircraft is
11. To lose altitude is to dive or
5-1
L2. The height of an airplane above a given surface is called
13. The is a T-shaped metal or wooden object
that indicates the direction of the wind.
L4. A knot is a unit of speed of one per hour.
15. When you put out a firer You the fire.
16. The imaginary line from wing tip to wing tip around which an aircraft
turns is the
L7. The front parE of a wing is the
18. llovement around the vertical axis is called
19. The is the part of the jet engine that
compresses the air.
20. In a reciprocating engine, ttre turns and
converts the back-and-forth movement of the pistons to rotary motion.
2L. The is a short, round, metal Part that
moves back and forth lnside a cylinder.
22. The elevators on an aircraft are one type of movable
23 . l'loving Ehe to the right or left causes
the nose of the aircraft to move to the right or left.
5-2
24. As the fuel is burned in the ai-rcraftf s engine, the
of the aircraft decreases.
25. The alrcraft ls flylng ar a speed of 400
26. We measure the or height of cities,
airfields, and mountains from sea level.
27. When an aircraft has a tailwind, it is flying
28. Sliding away from a turn is cal1ed a
29. Any planned movement of an aircraft is a
30. A pilot applies back'pressure to the yoke in order to
31. The provides the main upward force for
an aircraft during flight.
32. The fuel-air mixture is ignited by the spark plug in the
of the enginefs cylinder.
33. After spinning the turbine, the exhaust gases are discharged through
the of the jet engine.
34. The part in the eylinder of a reciprocatlng engine that ignites the
fuel and air by an electric spark is called a
5-3
35. ls the posltion of an aircraft ln
relation to the horlzon.
36. A is a maneuver in whlch an aircraft
increases altitude.
37 . I.lhen the wings of an aircraf t form an angle with respect to the
hori.zon, the aircraft ls
38. The line where the sky and the ground apPear to meet is the
39. Pilots their aircraft from the ramP to
the actlve Eurrwa].
40. The cone-shaped cloth object located in the area of the runway that
indicaLes wind direction is called a
4L. The people in the control the movemenl
of the aircraft on the ground and in the air.
42. The controls that move the rudder on an alrcraft are the
43. The alrcraft rolls to the right or left around its
44. The speed of an al-reraft l-ncreases when
is greater than drag.
45. To balance the alrcraft during flight, the pllot adjusts t'he
5-4
46. When the nose of an aircraft goes up or down, we say the aircraft
47. An alrcraft increases altltude when the Ls
greater than the weight.
5-5
QUESTIONS
Answer the questions in complete sentences using the objeetive terms
from Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4. Write the anslders in the space provlded.
1. What is a maneuver?
2. What happens when an aircraft ascends?
3. What is the building on the flight line where aircraft are repaired?
4. What do you call the hard surface where aircraft take off and land?
5. What is a fixed landing gear?
6. What is a reciProcating engine?
7. What is the trailing edge of the wing?
5-6
8. What is the rudder?
9 ' What do you call the number of turns a crankshaft makes in a minute?
10. What is a cylinder?
11. What part of a jet engine compresses the alt?
L2. I^lhat is elevation?
13. What is a wind tee?
L4. What is the purpose of an auxiliary porger unit?
15. What is the horizon?
5-7
16. What does the term "overshoot" mean?
L7 . What is bounclng?
18. What are the rudder pedals used for on an aircraft?
19. What ls a trim tab?
2() - IJltat i€ an e-Levatot: on an ai re. ra f'C ?
*lr. ,riL:Lr. rs 3 -.:ai- ;;.el .''eru .;ii l,.r:. 1r:1 3DJuL ;ri.rr airr:rjllf t?
5-9
23. what do pilots do when they drive their airplanes?
24. What is a retractable landing gear?
25. Where does a pilot siE in an ai_rcraf t?
26. what is the purpose of a propeller on an aircraft?
27. What part of the aircraft keeps the aircraft steady during flight?
28. what is a clinb when you are calking about an airplane?
29. What is a slip?
30. what is a stall when you are talking about an aircraft?
5-9
31. What is an aircraft doing when tt is decelerating?
32. What is a lateral axis?
33. What is a control surface when you are talking about an aircraft?
34. What is thrust?
35. What is Yaw?
36. What part of a jet engine rotates in reaction to the exhaust gases
passing through or over it?
37. What is an internal combustion engine?
5-10
38. What is elevation?
39. What unit of speed is shown in most aircraft?
40. What is used as a basis for measuring elevation?
4L. I,lhat do you call the wind that blows in the opposite direction of
the aircraft's flight?
42. What do you call the section of a jet engine in which fuel is added to
the compressed air, ignited, and burned?
43 - What do you call the path that is used for taxiing an airplane from
the runway to the ramp?
44. What do you call the container thaE is filled with chemicals and used
to put out fires?
5-l 1
45. What does the term "to undershoot" mean?
46. What is floating?
47. What is a dive?
48. What is an aireraft doing when lt becomes alrborne?
49. What is the fuselage of an aircraft?
50. What are the flaps on an aircraft?
51. What is an aileron on an alrcraft?
5-L2
QUIZ EXERCISE
Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by
marking the best answerr 8r b, or co
1. what does a headwind do to the speed of an aircraft?
3. It decreases it.
b. It increases it.
co It has no effect on the speed.
2. Where are aircraft usually parked on a flight line?
3. On a ramp
b. on a taxiway
co on a runway
3. The movable control surface attached to Ehe vertical stabi LLzet of
an aircraft is the
.
er. elevator
b. aileron
ce rudder
4. The iinaginary line from wing tip to wing tip is the .
4. lateral axis
b. longitudinal axis
c. vertical axis
5. What are flaps?
ei. controls to j-ncrease or decrease the fuel supply
b. movable surfaces Eo increase lift or drag
c. controls used to move the rudder
6. What round, metal part moves back and forth inside a cylinder and
transfers motion?
3. a crankshaft
b. a piston
co a turbine
7. What do you call an engine that produces porder from the burning gases
inside a chamber?
et. an internal combustion engine
b. an external combustion engine
co a power-driven engine
5-13
8. I.lhere is the aircraftts nosewheel located?
a. in the front of the aircrafL
b. in the middle of the aircraft
co in the back of the aircraft
9. What is a dive?
€tr a nose-low position used only during landing
a nose-high position reserved for takeoff
b. a nose-low position in which the aircraft loses altitude
cr
10. What happens to an aircraft when it accelerates?
Eo Its speed increases. '
b. It gains altitude.
c. Its sPeed decreases.
I I . Any planned movement can be called a
I e maneUvef
b. bank
c. stall
LZ. What section of a jet engine discharges the exhaust gases from the
engine?
d. the combustion chamber
b. the comPressor
co the tailPiPe
13. what is normally used to ignite the fuel-air mixture i-n a reciprocating
engine?
o.. hot gases
b. Pistons
c. spark plugs
L4. What is the purpose of a compressor in a jet engine?
Eo to ignite the fuel-air mixture
b. to comPress the intake air
c o t,o discharge the exhaust gases
15. What is attitude?
3.. the position in which altitude is gained
b. the position of an aircraft in relaEion to the horizon
co the position of an aj-rcraft in which its wings form an angle
with resPect to the horizon
5-14
16. To fly past a certain spot or location is to .
E. overshoot
b. undershoot
c o dive
L7. The movable control surface attached to the horizontal stabilizer
is th" _,
E. elevator
b. aileron
c. rudder
18. What is pitch?
d. the movement of an aircraft around its vertical axis
b. the movement of an aircraft around its longitudinal axis
co the movement of an aircraft around its lateral axis
19. is a measurement of gravity.
E. Lift
b. Drag
cr Weight
20. The force that moves the aircraft forward is .
8.. drag
b. yaw
c r thrust
2L. What do you call the height of the ground above sea level?
B. altitude
b. elevation
cr space
22. What does a wi.nd tee indicate?
Eo the direction of the wind
b. the speed of the wind
c. the speed of the aircraft
23. When an aircraft, flies downwind, it has a o
8. tailwind
b. crosswind
c. headwind
5-15
24. What do you call the hard surface that pilots use to taxi their
aircraft to and from the runwaY?
a. the ramp
b. the active runway
c. the taxiwaY
25. When the wheels hit the runway too hard durlng landing, the plane jumps
back into the air or
.
d. floats
b. bounces
c. porpoises
26. When an aircraft loses altltuder it is
d. porpoising -'
b. descendlng
c. ascendlng
27 . What is an ai-rcraf t dolng when it is airborne?
E. operating most efficiently
b. losing altitude
c o moving through the alr
28. What part of a reciprocating engine turns the propeller?
et. the Plston
b. the crankshaft
co the cYlinder
29. What ls a flxed landing gear?
E. a non-retractable landing gear
b. a retractable landing gear
c. a landing gear that cannot be fixed
30. What part of a reciprocating engine ln an airplane pushes the airplane
through the aLr?
d. the wings
b. the landing gear
cr the ProPeller
31. The lever in the cockpit used t,o control the altitude and movement of an
aircraft is the
o
8. stlck
b. yoke
c. rudder
5-16
]t
lJ CI { fr]Jfi
a
RO.1? i:[j lt lT,;'i i] 11,
32. The imaginary line from the nose of the aircraft to its tail is
the o
d. lateral axis
b. longitudinal axis
c. vertical axi-s
33. Wtrat is a control surf ace?
8. a control wheel in the cockpit
b. a movable part on the outside of an aircraft
co a throLtle
34. What do you call an engine that contains pistons that move back and
forth in a cylinder?
8. a jet engine
b. a reciprocating engine
co a rotary engine
35. What do you call the bottom tube or chamber of an engine ln which
the pistons are located?
3. the tailpipe
b. the cylinder
c. 'the fuselage
36. A nose-high position in which the aircraft gains altitude is called
3-'
&. dive
b. climb
c. bank
37. When an aircraft is sliding sidewise away from the center of a turn,
itisina .
4. bank
b. slip
c, skid
38. What ls the line called where the sky and ground appear to meet?
8. altitude
b. sea level
c. horizon
39. occurs when the pilot is trying to land the aircraft too fast
and the aircraft continues to fly down the ruolil&|.
8. Floating
b. Bouncing
cr Porpoising
s-L7
40. The speed of an aircraft is shown in '
E,c kiloneters
b. statute miles
c. knots
4L. In navigation the distance between two points is usually
expressed it
8. statute miles
b. knots -.
c. nautical miles
42. The height of an airplane above the sea or ground is called
a. elevation -'
b. altitude
cr surface '
43. When you extinguish a firer You
;rr ignite it o
b. spread it
co put it out
44. A windsock indicates the
8o speed of the wind
b. direction of the aircraft
co direction of the wind
45. What is the front part of the wing called?
8o the leading edge
b. the wing tiP
co t,he trailing edge
46. The f orce opposing the movement of a body through the air is
B. lift -'
b. drag
c o weight
5-18
AVIATION LESSON 6
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson you will make oral and written responses to oral
and written questions as follows:
I. l{hat is a fuel gage?
A fuel gage is a cockpit instrument that indicates the amount of fuel
in the fuel tanks.
2. What is the oil pressure gage?
The oil pressure gage is an instrument in the cockpit that indicates
the pressure of the engine oil.
3. What is the oil temperature gage?
The oil temperature gage is an instrument in the cockpit that shows
the temperature of the engine oil.
4. What is an ammeter?
An ammeter is an instrument that measures the strength of an electric
current in amperes,
5. What is a tachometer?
A tachometer is a cockpit instrument that indicates engine RPI'{.
6. tlhat is the airspeed indicator?
The ai-rspeed indicator is an instrument that shows the speed of an
aircraft through the air.
7. What is indicated airspeed?
Indicated airspeed is the speed of an aircraft through the air as
shown on the airspeed indicator.
8. What is true airspeed?
True airspeed is the actual speed of an aircraft in relation to the
air through which it flies.
9. What is a compass?
A compass is an instrument that is used to deterrnine direction.
10. What is the heading indicator?
The heading indicator is a gyro-operated rnagnetic compass that indicates
the heading of the aj-rcraf t.
ll. What is an altimeter?
An altimeter is a flight instrument that indicates altitude or height,
above a given reference, as above the sea or ground.
12. VJhat is the altimeter setting?
The altimeter setting is an atmospheric pressure number adjusted for a
given atmospheric pressur€.
6-1
13, What is the barometric scale?
The barometric scale is a scale located on the altimeter where the
atmospheric pressure is set or dialed in.
L4. What is the attitude indicator?
The attitude indicator is a flight instrument that shows the attitude
(or position) of ttre aircraf t in relation to Ehe horizon.
15. What is the vertical velocity indicator?
The vertical velocity indi-cator is an instrument that indicates how
many feet per mi-nute the aircraft is climbing or descending.
16. What is a turn and slip indicator?
A turn and slip indicator is a flight instrument that shows the direction
and rate of turn, and whether or not the aircraft is in a skid or slip.
L7. What is a course indicator?
A course indi.cator is an instrument that shows the position of the
aircraft in relation to a selec.ted course fo or from a VOR station.
18. What is the radio magnetic indicator?
The radio magnetic indicator is a compass-like device which displays
the aircrafE treading and the bearing to a VOR station when if is
activated by a VOR signal from that station.
19. What is l"lach f ?
tulach I is the speed equal to the speed of sound.
20. What is a mach indicator?
A mach indicator is a special ai-rspeed indicator displaying mach numbers.
6-2
TERMINOLOGY AND PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
The pronunciation and stressed syllables (shown in capltal letters) for the
objective terms in this lesson are3
l. airspeed indicator (AIR speed IN di ca tor )
n
2. altimeter (al TIM e ter)
3. altimeter setting (al TIM e ter SET ting)
4. ammeter (AI"Ineter) , /rni*Sr/
5. aEtitude indicator
(AT ri rude IN di ca ror)
6. barometric scale (bar o MET ric scale)
7. compass
/
8. course indicator
(COM pass)
9. fuel gage
(course IN di ca Eor)
(FU er sase, , ') (t 3. j/
6-3
10. heading indicator (HEAD ing IN di ca tor)
I1. indicated airspeed (rN di ca ted air speed)
L2. I"lach 1 4"{u "{',(r'{ACn r )
13. mach indicator (mach IN di ca tor)
L4. oil pressure gage (OIL pres sure gage)
15. oil temPerature gage /cl,/ zrr E'r:.-3.ar qe\,
(oil TEM per a ture gage)
16. radio magnetic indicator -JJl
L7. tachometer (RA dio mag NET ic IN di ca tor)
/rr/,n ^'Snr*r' /.ndtt *rr/
(ra CHOM e ter)
18. true airspeed (true ArR speed, /+r, /rt Pi/,
19. turn and sliP indicator
(TURN and SLIP IN di ca tor )
20. vertical velocity indicator (VER ti cal ve LOC i tY IN di ca tor)
/v erfz' ,l v o'{ = ^l^; - n d rkrf ^"f
6-4
VISUALS FOR LESSON 6 COURSE SELECTOR
|vtNDow
TO.FROtt
IXDICATOR 'r 4ry OFF FLAG
couRsE HEADING
DEVIATION POINTER
INDICATOR
/
COURSE
SET KNOB
COURSE INDICATOR
\ BEARING
POINTER
r00
^c
I-=\?'
aa.t
-.1,
RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR
6-5
VISU$LS FOR LESSON 6 (conttd)
ATTITUDE A I RS PEED ALTIMETER
INDICATOR INDICATOR
VERTICAL H EA DING TURN & SLtP
VELOCITY INOICATOR I NDICATOR
INDICATOR
MACH INDICATOR COMBINED AI RSPEED-MACH
INDICATOR
6-6
VISUALS FOR LESSON 6 (contfd)
OIL PRESSURE GAGE OIL TEMPERATURE GAGE AMMETER TACHOMETER
ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
AI RSPEED ATT I TU DE VERTICAL
I NDICATOR I N DICATOR VELOCITY
INDICATOR
MACH ALTIMETER
I NOICATOR
HEADI NG
TURN AND I NOICATOR
SLI P I NDICATOR
ADVANCED FIGHTER INSTRUMENT PANEL
6-7