TERI"IINOLOGY AND PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
The pronunciation and stressed syllab1es (shown in capital letters) for th'e
objective terms in this lesson are:
l. airspace ,(ArR space -/ {, * | u,f
2, Air Traffic Contror (AIR TRAF fic control)
/rr tr/f-k t t-].rnt/
3. airway (ArR way) /, - o,
/
4. Enroute High
Altitude Charts (en ROUTE TIIGH AL ti tude charts )
5. Enroute Low (en ROUTE LOW AL ti tude charts)
Altitude Charts
6. Estimated Tirne Enroute (ES ti mat ed time en ROUTE) /,
tt
7. Estimated Time of Arrival
8. Estimated Time of (ES ti mat ed time of de PAR ture)
Departure
, .-' ^mr*: rl + -,- ,n tv I t f /r (,2-,f
9. Flight Information
Publication (FLIGHT in for MA tion pub li CA tion)
9-3
10. flight level (FLIGHT level)
11. InsErument Flight Rules
(IN stru ment FLIGIIT rules) /
12. i-ntercePt
, r slr t mrn* *la? rt 11
13. jet airwaY
14. legend (in ter CEPT)
15. peneErate
16. prohibited area (JET AIR waY)
(LEG end)
(PEN e trate)
itedARe
L7. restricted area
18. Standard Instrument (Vic tor AIR waYs)
Departures (VIS u al FLIGHT rules )
19. Victor AirwaYs /!vr! r-.^' S' a(t ' " 1-,
20. Visual Flight Rules 9-4
p
lf 0,cfiLn
.'
il ,i " , ij I jt 17 7y7 11i.
VISUALS FOR LESSON 9
ARRII|AL AI{D DEPARTURI AIRSPACE AIRI{AYS
-
- - -- - 'IICTOR / /
/
/ /
14,500 c0l{IR0t
ARtA
--- /-IRIt|SIII
700'[0[ IRil{Srlt0il ARIA ARII 1200'A0[
9-5
VISUAIS FOR LESSON 9 (cont rd) \u093-r
il'#Ti'-ii"t sY r3a' )u Q i..f)u"ii,'.;'l'*oloilS -*jI
ol"t^
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IATPICO
|,tolr 0.,r.! J roo
Amarilo 1'l 0rllrl
ENROUTE HIGH ALTITUDE CHART SAN ANTONIO AREA
9-6
vrsuALS FOR LESSON 9 (conr rd)
E=rdl =KK.;tlftt t.' Y
Robrrl lt
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JOHNSON CITY | / s
JCY /#
==7-393
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sst iii-.l08.4
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PRIOR APPROVAL FROM -{
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San Antonio 0YalaDs Chart'Nt ['10
ENROUTE LOW ALTITUDE CHART SAN ANTONIO AREA
9-7
VISUALS FOR LESSON 9 (contrd)
DOD
STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURES
HIGH/LOW ALTITUDE
A,IATHER AFB
Socromento, Col ifornio
tt
to
OUTDATED--FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
l-r,Fr-% 1 2 MAY 1974
Propond ond Publirhod by
rHE DEFENSE MAPP]NG AGENCY AEROSPACE CENTET
sT. LOU|S ArR rORCt STATTON, MISSOUII 63118
STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE (SID}
9-8
VISUALS FOR LESSON 9 (contrd)
ROBSTOWN THREE DEPARTURE KtNGSVtU.E
Minimum Climb toto
GND CON t
352 1
I
CINC DCI (,)
32E.4
F
IOWER N
DINE
3.6.0 r 26.2 48 DME
DEP CON
305.?
HOTJSTON CENIER
MATHIS
TRANSIIION
9(2&3)-,' " conpus cHRrsrl
r | 5.5 CtP
Crou ol or ODEM Chon lO2
obovr ll,0O0 TRANSIIION H-2-4
@ r.zs NM trom lwn 3ttzt I
,NAVY KINGSVII.TE
Chon | 25 Net
DEPARTURE ROUTE DESCRIPTION
Tok-e--off R---"u"-ilnr *oys' 3vr'lLL/ , lR: , TlLr,lt.l,rnf Elgn-l;iil Turn left;
vio NAVY KINGSVIILE TACAN R-342 to the 24 DME Fix. Cross 24 DME Fix
ol or obove | 1,000.
MATHIS TRANSITION: vio NAVy KtNGsvtttE TACAN R-342 ro rhe 48 DME
Fix.
ODEM TRANSITION: vio coRpus cHRtsTt voRTAc R-260 ro coRpus
CHRISTI VORTAC.
ROBSTOWN THREE DEPARTURE
A SID
9-9
VISUALS FOR LESSON 9 (contrd)
LEGEND
INSTRUMENT APPQOACH PTCCEOURES (CH^TTSI
P[ANVIEW SYMEOTS
--+> OSSTRUCIIONS
?rc<rdvrol Trocl o Spor Ebrotro6 1 X,ghetr Spor ChwlioO
Proc:dvrc lvrn A unl,ghtd t't,gr,r.a A G'o'g ltntrghrrd
\',
{15'oli toc.ra !,egrrn9 l9r A Groug trghrrd A H,gtrrll Obrtrvctroa
r.la(f vt tt-*gttr o^al Pornl + goubr{ul Accuroct
ol fura rr loft to drrcrrlioa of Priofl
....'. ,,.....> Vrlvol F--|ghr- --l>
Nlrtrd ApPtooch
Polh
SPECT^T UsE ^IRSPACE
HOIOING |VryIl ISZ ,,
'ATTEINS R.Rorrrrcrc.l
p.prohrbirod
,-<ZZO\ n ,cu or Tti i
w'Wotaang
t\-09o.tF./ / ?to<tdet'
(u),x+o2u7,n0g\ "Aeo'oeor(r^,wl $,\r?41 RAOTO A|OS IO NAVTGATTON
xo,d'ng
\-090'- ?otr.rn I t 0 | Uadrrhnc Indrcotai No vorca lro^tmrFad on.
limrtr vrll oaty be rgccil,cd th"a thay davrota ftttr th,r lraquan<t
|lr. ,trdoid. Dfr{€ f,rcr n€t b. rhom.
-
@ rti-pt- Aligfili4 all p recex P vorrec
O "o.
(tAF I | 6 OMC I Non' />Y wevrolNt (tNAYl
I 20 OrrC $ r^*Ot (siilultomour lroodcorll
TAC^N IACAN/OTTC INAV + IANGI (Non'Si.nullon.ou. &oodcorf)'
fir ftr
lir
tllrrN^t lowtNcs . ,ffi xOl (xon-oht.Gtao^ol lodio leoconl
?OOO AAintacm Ahrlvdr
r 15. I i ,t.og. / <.S,> tOtr lCoaporr locororl
-'5t5a||4.f?,c4i'r//5*9r<,ol Urr Arrrf|o€.
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=
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- :::.:l[ rlr iorilt ttotrt.dt ofl fh. aod of lho ruanTl
;l aOO i rrrainun Srcror Ahirvde
eithin 25 NM
Xr-.t. lAnorr o^ dttron(a <rrch ,draltt Slclo6) sDf cow[
I - longc Covrr
lntatnotionol lovndorT Sobd lrac r^dr(ota, "N" Quodront
t, y' Drtacr rd O xob l.i|crrrng ?o.nf A xo-c icompvlrory)
r ! Nonr tNo^.Compul€.tl
I vOf ()rcngro'er Pornf - \,//\ t;:
.J
TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
OUTDATED--FOR
9-10
VISUAL.S FOR LESSON 9 (colrt rd)
VOL.2
DOD
FUGHT INFORMANON PUBLICANON
LOW ALTITUDE
INSTRUIv1ENT APPROACH PROCEDURES
WEST UNITED STATES
ErFEcrfvE 24 MAY 1973
TO 2l JUNE 1973
\t//-/.L-'>,-\.
t \ !,*!\ \lcvADA |
|
-\\ \{''\ ce.rorue'\ I I
)t"",-'-.J, i
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I
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lllll-rCc;€t An CAIrGU''TC CorxrtttC 3tCORCrnO6 AIO lcrtEra{ll
tDFATTTEiIT Of D€FENSG A''rov'E9lY r DEPATTMEhTf Of COM'TERCC
FCDENAT AUANON ADMINFNANO}I
OUTDATED--FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
Pdlirhod by
THE DEFENSE I^APPING AGENCY AEROSPACE CENTA
tsT. touls AIR toRcE srATtoN, Mlssot Rl 631 I
FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION (FLIP}
9-l 1
VISUALS FOR LESSON 9 (cont'd)
F,///, ,k it'rni,,
,-' lA\ \1$r.u,s=-
r'/'
,,| DoNT CARE |F THE FL|GHT PLAN CALLED FoR
iniflruMENT F LIGHT RULEs... !"
9-L2
GLOSSARY
AIRSPACE: the air or space above a particular surface of the earth.
Ex: Controlled airs3gg is usually used by aircraft operating on IFR
flight plans.
-
AIR TMFFIC CONTROL (ATC) : an organization that provides f or a f as t, saf e
and orderly f low of ai.r traf f ic.
Ex: Today, approximately 231000 Air Traffic Control personnel provide
direction and assistance to over 100 nillion flights a yearo
AIRWAY: an ai.r route or path designated by proper authority as suitable for
air traffic.
Ex: The Air Route Trafflc Control Centers control all IFR flights along
Ehe airways
ENROUTE HIGH ALTITUDE CHARTS: charts used to navigate by when flying at and
above 181000 feet mean sea level.
Ex: The Enroute High Altitude Charts show the jet airways.
ENROUTE LOW ALTITUDE CHARTS: charts used to navigate by when flying below
181000 feet mean sea level.
Ex: The Enroute Low Altitude Charts show Victor Airways, reporting
points "n
ESTIMATED TIME ENROUTE (ETE): the approximate time needed to traveL from
one point to another"
Ex: The time you think you w111 need to travel from one point to another
is th"
.
ESTIMATED TIME Ol' ARRIVAL (ETA): the expected time of arrival at a
destination.
Ex: By comparing the dlfference, the pilot can mentally compute a new
to the next checkpoint.
ESTII'IATED TII'{E OF DEPARTURE (ETD): the expected time the aircraf t will leave
an air base.
Ex: In navigation, Estimated Time of Departure (ETD) is the Eime you
think you will leave.
FLIGHT INFORI"IATION PUBLICATION (FLIP): a publication containing f light
information necessary to plan and accomplish a flighto
Ex: Information about fixes, headingS, and runway iderltifiers are
n contained in
F .
L
[:
'J'
f;
it 9-r3
FLIGHT LEVELS: altltudes at and above 181000 feet.
Ex: If an aircraft ls flylng at 211000 feetr w€ say it ls flytng at
flight level two one ZeEo.
INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR): the rules followed when a flight ls nade by
uslng instruments, wlthout visual reference to the ground.
Ex: IFR rules must be followed when the weather is bad.
INTERCEPT: to meet or lnterrupt the course of a movlng alrcraft.
Ex: An alrcraft which does not ldenttfy ltself rlsks being ]glggplgg.
JET AIRWAY: an airway at or above 181000 feet.
Ex: The fllght level may be a jet alrway or a Victor Alrway.
LEGEND: an area on a chart where map synbols are explaLned.
Ex: If you dontt know any of the symbols, look at the legend ln the
lower corner of the FLIP.
PENETMTE: to enter; to go lnto.
Ex: Aircraft must ldentify themselves before penetrating an Alr Defense
Identiflcation Zone.
PROIIIBITED AREA: an airspace over land or water through whlch aircraft w111
not be flown.
Ex: The airspace above the White House'ln Washlngton; D.C.1 ls a
@'
RESTRICTED AREA: an aLrspace over land or water in whlch rules of fllght
must be foLlowed. is responslble for dlrectlng you around or givlng
Ex: Alr Trafflc Control
you pernisslon to fly through restricted areas.
:STANDARD INSTRUI',IENT DEPARTURE ( SID) a preplanned, coded air traf f lc control
IFR departure routing.
'for pllot use ln graphlc and text r or text
Ex: The SID ls preprinted
form only.
9-14
VICTOR AIRWAYS: Phonetic designation of VOR (VHF Onnidirection Range)
airwaysl €.g.; Victor L23.
Ex: The Enroute Low Altitude Charts show the Victor Airways which are
numbered like highways.
VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (VFR): the rules followed when outside references are
used in determining position.
Ex: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) traffic in and around the air base is the
maln concern of the local control operator.
9- 15
COT"IPLETION EXERCI SE
Write in the missing words that correctly complete the sentences.
l. Charts used to navigate by when flying below 181000 feet mean sea level
are
2. The aircraft was shot down when it tried to
a prohibited 8re8.
3. All of the synbols used on the chart appear in the
4. The local control operator takes care of
traffic in and around Ehe air base'
5. The area above a particular surface of the earth is defined as its
6. That particular aircraft doesntt operate well beyond
tlto one zero or 211000 feet'
7. If you leave nowr what is Your at the
next base?
8. The for Ehis flight is available in
text form onlY.
g. If the aircraft doesn't identify itself, it risks being
10. Airways at or above 181000 feet are called
9-L6
11. Rules of flight must be followed since you are entering a
8fe8.
12. A11 IFR flighrs along rhe are controlled
by the Air Route Traffic Control Centers.
13. Direction and assistance to all flights is provided by
personnel.
L4. You can get all the information you need about your flight from the
15. Charts which show the jet airways (181000 feet and above) are
called .
16. The controller cannot give permission to fly over that area because
itisa .
L7. Since the weather conditions arenrt too good today, werll need to fly
by.
18. If you are leaving this base now and expect to arrive at the next base
at f400 hours, your is 28 minutes.
19. You can see the on the Enroute Low
Altitude Chart.
20. What is the for that plane? It looks
like itrs almost ready to leave.
9-r7
quESTroNS
Answer the questions with complete sentences. l{rite the answers in the space
provided.
1. Which rules are being followed when outside references are used in
determining posiEion?
2, What is the expected time of arrival at a destination called?
3. What is Air Traffic Control?
4. What is a restricted area?
5. What are you doing to an aircraft when you meet or interrupt its course?
6, What are altitudes at and above 181000 feet called?
9- 18
7. What are the airways called that are numbered like highways on the
Enroute Low Altitude Charts?
8. What is a Standand Instrument Departure?
9. What is the Estimated Time Enroute?
10. Where do you f ind inf ormation about f ixes, headings r and ruil^ray
identifiers ?
11. Which charEs are used to navigate at or above 181000 feet?
L2. If an aircraft has entered a controlled zone, what has it done?
13. What is an Enroute Low Altitude Chart?
9-19
L4. What is airspace?
15. Which rules are followed when the pilot has to fly without visual
reference to the ground?
16. What are airwaYs?
L7. What is a Prohibited area?
18. Where is an aircraft flying if it is at a flight level?
19. What i-s the Estimated Time of Departure?
20. Where do you find the symbols on a map explained?
9-20
T',IATCHING EXERCISE
Match the terms in Column B with the phrases in Column A. hlrite the letters
in the blanks.
Column A Column B
I. air above a particular 3. legend
b. Enroute High Altitude
surface of the earth
2. used to navigate at and Charts
above 181000 feet cr restricted area
3. altitudes at and above d. Air Traffic Control
18,000 feet €. intercept
4. i-nterrupt the course of f. jet airways
g. Victor Airways
an aircraft h. airspace
5. an airspace where rules
i. flight levels
of flight must be followed j. Estinated Time
6. shows Victor Airways
7. explains map symbols Enroute
8. to enter or go into
9. airways at or above 181000 k. prohibited area
feet 1. Enroute Low Altitude
10. numbered like highways
Charts
rrl. penetrate
rr. airway
o. Estimated Time of
Arri-va1
11. provides for fast, safe,
orderly flow of air traffic
L2. approximate time needed to
travel from one point to another
9-2L
QUIZ EXERCISE
Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by narking
the best ansr^lerr 8r br or co
1. Charts used to navigate by at. and above 181000 feet mean sea level
are called
.
8o Enroute High Altitude Charts
b. Flight Information Publications
co Enroute Low Altitude Charts
2. The weather is pretty bad right oow. A11 aircraf t are f ollowirlg
E. Visual Flight Rules -.
b. Standard Instrument DeParture
c. Instrument Flight Rules
3. Where are map sYmbols found?
Eo in a restricted area
b. in the legend
c. in an airwaY
4. What is an area called that aircraft cannot be flown through?
&. restricted area
b. controlled airsPace
c. prohibited area
5. What is your _ at the next base? lline is 1415 hours or 2zL5 prltr'
ei. Estimated Time Enroute Please .
b. Esti-mated Time of Arrival
c r Estimated Time of DeParture
6. That aircraft will not identify itself.
Eo intercePt
b. level
C. penetrate
I . That particular aircraft operates best at fairly low altitudes ' It
always flies in th"
4. jet airwaYs
b. restricted aras -.
co Victor AirwaYs
9-22
AVIATION LESSON 1O
COMPLETION EXERCISE REV IEW
Complete the following sentences using the objective terms from lessons 6,
7, 8, and 9.
1. The temperaLure of the engine oil is shown on the
2. Ary change from the usual shape of something is known as
3. rf the aircraft doesnrt identify itself, it risks being
4. A known or designated point such as a city or mountain used as a
reference in air navigation is known as a
5. A11 of the symbols used on the chart appear in the
6. The instrument Ehat indicates how many feeE per minute the aircraft is
climbing or descending is cal1ed the
7. The charts used by pilots and navigators are called
8. A compass heading corrected for deviation is a
9. Charts used to navigate by when flying below 181000 feet mean sea
level are
10- I
10. A map representing a given surface of the earth can also be called
LI. An instrument that measures the strength of an electric current in
amperes is an
L2. The indicates engine RPM,
13. The meridian that passes through Greenwich, England, is the
L4- Rules of flight must be followed since you are entering a
3f€4.
15. The process of locating points on a chart, d.rawing lines, and
deE,ermining distances and directions is
16. The is an atmospheric pressure number.
L7. The ratio between the distance on a chart and the actual distance on
the earth is a
18. What is the for that plane? It looks
like itts almos! ready to leave.
19. The line of sight to an object is rhe
20. The area above a particular surface of the earth is defined as its
2L. The point where a parallel and a meridian cross is the
' of Ehe position.
LO-2
22. The bearing expressed by the angle made by the true north line and
the line of sight line is the
23. The local control operator Eakes care of
traffic in and around the air base.
24. The nethod of estimating an aircraftts position in the air aL any time
by a calculation including several variables is known as
25. When an aircraft is traveling at a speed equal to the speed of sound,
it is traveling at
26. One-sixtieEh of a degree is a
'27 . The imaginary lines that circle the earth parallel to the equator are
called
28. The point at the North Pole where all meridians meet is
29. That particular aircraft doesnrt operate well beyond
two one zeto or 211000 feet.
30. The direction indicated by the north-pointing unit of a magneti-c
compass r-s
31. The instrument that shows the position of the aircrafL in relation
to the horizon is the
3'2. A course or route that keeps the same angle with each meridian is a
l0-3
33. A known position on the earthrs surface is a
34. The for this flight is available in
text form onlY.
35. The displays the aircraft heading and the
bearing to a VOR stati-on.
36. A conformal chart on whlch the parallels and meridians cross at 90"
angles is a
'37 . A line on a chart representing the planned route of an aircraf t
15a
38. You can see the on the Enroute Low
Altitude Chart.
39. Li_nes on a map or chart connecting land points of equal elevation are
40. When the circumference of a circle is divided into 360 parts' each part
is called a
4L. A special airspeed indicator displaying mach numbers is called a
42. A chart of the earthrs surface represented on a flat rectangle
15a
43. Anything on the surface of the earth, natural or man-made, that
can be identified from the air is a
t0-4
44. You can get aLl the lnformatlon you need about your flight from the
45. The ls a gyro-operated magnetlc coopass.
46. The difference ln degrees between Erue north and nagnetic north is
called r
47. In a distortlon becomes greater
toward the North and South PoLes.
48. The controller cannot give permisslon to fly over that area because
itisa
I
t
10-5
QUESTTONS
Answer the questions in complete sentences using the objective terms from
Lessons 61 7r 8, and 9. Write the answers in the space provided.
l. I^Ihat is the meridian called that passes through Greenwich, England?
2. What is the oil pressure gage?
3. What is a magnetic heading?
4. What is the organizatlon called that provldes for a fast, safe, and
orderly flow of air traffic?
5. What is the point aE the North Pole called where all meridians meet?
6. What is airspace?
10-6
7. which cockpit instrument indicates engine RpM?
8. What is latitude?
9. What do you call the actual speed of an aircraft in relation to the
air through which ir flies?
10. What is a map?
11. What are the lines on a map called that connect land points of equal
elevation?
L2. What is an airspace called through which an aircraft cannot be flown?
13. What is a Flight Information Publication?
l0-7
14. l.Ihat is plotting?
15. What do you call a chart of the earthfs surface represented on a flaE
rectangle?
16. which flight, instrument, indieates altltude or height above a given
reference?
L7. What are dividers?
18. What is the barometric scale?
19. What do you call the direction in angular degrees from true north?
20. What are the charEs called that are used to navigate by when flylng
below t8r00O feet mean sea level?
10-8
2L. What ls Mach 1?
22. What do you call the actual speed of an aircrafE over the surface of
the earth?
23. What are snall circles?
24. What ls the llne of slght to an obJect called?
25. What is Estimated Tlne of Departure?
26. WhaE is relative bearing?
27. What is drift?
10-9
28. What do you call a change from the usual shape of something?
29. Which instrument indicates how many feet per minute Ehe aircraft is
climbing or descending?
30. What are the circles called that divide the earth into equal halves?
31. What is one-sixtieth of a degree called?
32. What is dead reckoning?
33. What is drift correcEion?
34. What is a Standard Instrument Departure?
r0-10
35. What is an airway?
36. What is a degree?
37. What do you call the difference in degrees between true north and
magnetic north?
38. What is the instrument called that shows the speed of an aj-rcraft
through the air?
39. What is groundspeed?
40. What is the instrument called that measures the strength of an electric
current in amperes?
41. What is the radio magnetic indicator?
t0-1 I
42. What is the chart called that ls used by pllots and navigators?
43. What ls true bearing?
44. What do you call the area on a chart where map symbols are explained?
10-1,2
QUIZ EXERCISE
Answer the following questlons or complete the following sentences by narking
the best answerr eir b, or cr
I. What is a restricted area?
€1. one you cannot penetrate
b. in rules of
cr one in which there is flight must be followed
one which alr traffic control
2. The pilot has chosen the shortest distance between two pointsi
that route is
I _.
et. distortion
b. great circle line
c. projection
3. The _ is a magnetlc compass that is gyro-operated.
d. mach indicator
b. heading indicator
co course indicator
4. What is used to measure the angle made by the course line and a meridian?
€r. dividers
b. a plotter
c. tracks
5. The _ is a type of barometer.
eto altimeter
b. anrmetef
co tachometer
6. are air traffic controls, preprinted in texE form or in graphic
and text form, for rouEi.ng an aircraft.
-€r. Visual Flight Rules
b. Standard Instrument Departures
c. Instrument Flight Rules
7. Anything that can be identified from the air is called a o
Eo fix
b. checkpoint
c o landmark
l0-13
8. The imaginary lines that circle the earth east and west are called .
Er degrees
b. parallels
co azimuths
9. What is relat,ive bearing?
8. the angle made by the true north line and the line of sight line
b. the difference in degrees between true north and magnetic north
co the angle between true heading and the line of sight
10. It, looks like wefll be able to use outside references today in
determining our positlon. What rules are we planning to follow?
8. Visual Fllght Rules
b. Standard Instrument Departures
c. Instrument Flight Rules
11. Which line on a chart represents the planned route of an aircraft?
8. the course line
b. a line of sight
co a contour line
L2. What is the indicated airspeed of an aircraft?
Eo the speed through the air as shown on the airspeed indicator
the takeoff speed of the aircraft
b. the actual speed of the aj-rcraf t in relation to the air
cr
13. A nap representing a given surface of the earth can also be called
aJ
z. chart
b. parallel
cr scale
L4. are constructed much the same as airspeed indicators.
ir. Vertical velocitY indicators
b. Course indi.cators
co Mach indicators
15. The movement of an aircraft away from iEs intended path because of a
crosswind is called
.
8. drift
b. a fix
co plotting
r0-14
16. It takes about L4 minutes to fly from here to the next base. Write
that down as your _.
at Estimated Time Enroute
b. Estimated Time of Arrival
co Estinated Time of Departure
L7. Distortion becomes greater toward the North and South Poles when you
useao
Br Mercator projection
b. great circle line
cr prime meridian
18. What is the compass-like device called which displays the aircraft
heading and the bearing to a VOR station?
Eo vertical velocitY indicator
b. radio magnetic indicator
cr course indicator
19. Which route or course keeps the same angle with each meridian?
Eo great circle line tldo zeto z?to.
b. Lambert projection
c o rhumb line
20. The aircraft is now flying at 201000 feet or
er. IFR
b. flight level
cr heading
2L. You a course line on a chart.
8. plot
b. plotter
co plotting
22. Charts used to navigate by below 181000 feet mean sea level are
called .
Er. Enroute High Altitude Charts .
b. Flight Informati-on Publications
co Enroute Low Altitude Charts
23. Imaginary lines, meeting at the North and South Poles' are
8. latitudes
b. meridians
co small circles
r0-r5
24. Wtrich of these instruments is similar to an automoblle speedometer?
8. l4ach I
b. altimeter
co airspeed indicator
25. What is distortion?
Eo one-sixtieth of a degree
b. one degree of angle
co a change from the usual shaPe
26. The general ldants to fly with you when you leave here' What is
your ?
a. Estimated Time Enroute
b' Estimated Time of Arrlval
c. Estimated Time of DeParture
27. After corrections have been made for lnstrument error, altitude, and
the temperature of the air, the piloE is able to determine '
Br altimeter setting
b. ' indicat,ed airsPeed
co true airsPeed
28. What is longitude?
Er a measurement of angular distance north and south
a measurement of angular distance east and west
b. a measurement of angular distance from true north
c.
29. What is the altitude of jet alrways?
E. above 18'000 feet '
b. at and above 18'000 feet
c. below 18'000 feet
30. The actual speed of the aircraft over the surface of the earth is
B. drift correction
b. true bearing
cr groundspeed
31. What ls an airwaY?
Eo the air or space above a partLcular surface of the earth
a chart used to navigate below 181000 feet
b. an air route designated as suitable for air traffic
co
l0-16
32. By looking at the _r the pllot can see the temperature of the
engine oi.1.
8. oil pressure gage
b. fuel gage
co oil temperature gage
33. Pllots and navLgators select the proper dependlng on the type of
aircraft and the length of fllght.
d. prime neridian
b. aeronautical chart
cr great clrcle line
34. WhaE is drlft correctlon?
Ao direction indicated by a north-polntlng unlt
b. a change in headlng to allow for drlft
co locating polnts on a chart
35. Relative bearing plus true headtng equals
8. true bearlng -'
b. dead reckoning
co true north
36. Whic.h organizatlon provldes for the safe, orderly flow of trafflc?
Er Air Traffic Control
b. Victor Alrways
c. Instrument Fllght Rules
37 . A pilot can determine how long the alrcraft w111 fly wlthout needlng
fuel by checking the _.
I r fuel gage
b. altimeter settlng
Co COmpaSS
38. Alrcraft operating on Instrument Fllght Rules fllght plans usually fly
ln controll"d _.
8. fltght levels
b. alrspace
c. legends
39. The __ passes through Greenwlch, England.
a. great circle line
b. I"lercator proJectlon
c. prlme neridlan
10-17
40. By checking th" th_e, the pilot ean determine whether or not the oil
pressure is at proper operating level'
et. oil pressure gage
b. turn and sliP indicator
Cr ammetef
4L. Determining points on a chart is called '
8. plot
b. Pplloottttienrg
c.
42. When the parallels and neridians cross at 90" angles, it is I
€r. Lambert pro jection -'
b. prime meridian
c o l'lercator pro jection
43. A checkpoint is
B. used as caornen-fee. rcet nlacend Points
b. used to
co the line of sight to an object
44. Which of these instruments shows the position of an aircraft in relation
to a selected course to or from a VOR station?
zr. heading indicator over the earth is its '
b. mach indicator
c. course indicator
45. The actual path of the aircraft
Er. coufse line
b. true heading
co track
46. The ratio between the di-stance on the chart and the actual distance
on the earth is indicated on a
.
€l. SCale Zone. A11 ai.rcraft must identify
b. Projection it'
co degree
47. This is an Air Defense Identification
themselves before attempting to
?t penetrate -
b. intercePt
co follow
t0-18
48. How do you get a magnetic heading?
E. use a checkpoint as a reference
b. correcL a compass heading for deviation
c. find the true heading using variation
49. To determine whether or not the aircraft is in a skid or slip, the
pilot checks the _.
a. turn and slip indicator
b. tachometer
co vertical velocity indicator
50, A representation of the earthrs surface is called a .
3, c map
b. scale
c o minute
51. Which lines on a map connect land points of equal elevation?
E,c course lineS
b. lines of sight
c. contour lines
52. An atmospheric pressure number adjusted for a given atmospheric
pressure is called 8r _.
;r. altimeter setting
b. mach indi-cator
co barometric scale
53. Information about fixes, headingsr and ruilray identifiers can be
found in
o
8. Enroute High Altitude Charts
b. Flight Information Publications
c. Enroute Low Altitude Charts
54. The equator is the only parallel that is a o
a. great circle .
b. small circle
c o rhumb line
55. A11 meridians meet at the North Pole; this is
et. true bearing
b. true norLh
co dead reckoning
r0-19
AVIATION LESSON 11
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson you will make oral and written responses Eo oral
and wrltten questions as follows:
1. What ls auxlllary equipment?
Auxiliary equipment ls extra or addltional equipment.
2. What is an antenna?
An antenna is the part on a radlo that transmlts and receives radio
slgnals.
3. What ls avionic equipnent?
Avionlc equipment ls aviation electronlc equipment in an alrcraft.
4. What is the radio control Panel?
The radio control panel is the panel that contains radio controls,
radlo switches, and, in some radios, a channel frequency card.
5. What is a cycle?
A cycle is a sequence of events that repeats itself.
6. What is t..ertz?
Hertz ls cycles per second.
7. What is frequency?
Frequency ls the number of hertz (cycles Per second).
8. What is line-of-slght transmlssion? signals that only travel in
Line-of-slght transmission ls radlo
a
straight line.
9. What is megahertz?
I"legahertz is one nlllion hertz.
10. !,lhat is a recei.ver?
A receiver ls the part of a radio that receives radio slgnals and
changes them to sound.
11. What is a transmitter? a radlo that changes sound to radlo
A transmitter is the part of
slgnals.
L2. What is static?
Static ls the unwanted noise ln a recel-ver that interferes wtth
recePtion.
13. What is ultra high frequencY?
Ultra hlgh frequency ls any radlo frequency between 300 and 3'000
megahertz.
11-1
L4. What is very high frequency?
Very high frequency is any radio frequency between 30 and 300 megahertz.
15. What is a channel?
A channel is a frequency assigned to a radio station.
16. l.Ihat does "to depress" mean?
"To depress" means to push down.
L7. What is a guard channel?
A guard channel is a channel used for emergency messages,
18. What is a microphone?
A microphone is an instrument for changing sound waves into electrical
signals.
19. What is "mike?"
"["Iike" is a short way of saying microphooe .
20. What does "to preset" mean?
"To preset" means to set in advance.
2L. What is a channel frequency card?
A channel frequency card is a card, usually located next to the radio,
that shows the frequency of the most often used radio channels.
LT-2
TERI'{INOLOGY AND PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
The pronunclation and stressed syllables (shown ln capital letters) for
the objective terms in this lesson are:
l. antenna (anrENna) ? n+/-?/
2. auxlllary equipnent (aux IL ia ry e QUIP nent)
//rS- - l^r: -' , ,-l o,t"9L
3. avionic (a vl ON ic e QUIP nent)
, v:(n-', - ,rtrntnf
4. channel (CIIAN nel )
5. channel frequency card (CHAN nel FRE quen cy card)
6. cycle /l-ns' fr( ,^,Lai ^r/,
7. depress
8. frequency (cY cle) /// a ,( ^' ,
9. guard channel
10. hertz (de PREss, -/ / - ?r/"/
(FRE quen cy) , | .( ,, n ., ,
(GUARD CHAN nel)
(HERrzl l, ar*s/ I
\
I 1-3
11. Llne-of-slght (LINE of sight trans MIS sion)
transmission /'a*n av sF*J *r-, - m/.1 pt,
12. megahertz (I,IEG a hertz)
13. nicrophone
L4. nlke (LlI cro phone)
15. preset
16. radlo control panel (MIKE )
L7 . recel-ver (pre SET)
18. static
19. transmitter (RA di con TROL PAI{ el)
20. ultra high frequency
/
(re CEIV er)
(STAT ic)
(trans I'{IT ter)
(UL rra HIGH FRE quen "r)/
2L. very high frequency (VER y HIGH FRE quen
LL-4
VISUALS FOR LESSON 11
I l. Manual frequency-selector knobs
2. Mode controi switch
ci6,K 3. Tone button
4. Function control switch
5. Channel frequency card
6. Channel selector knob
7. Volume control knob
RADIO CONTROL PANEL
1 259.7 6 346 11 255 .9 16 351 .8
2 348.4 7 353.2 I2 353.8 t7 294.s
3 275.8 B 284 .6 13 236.6 1B 289 .6
4 320. 1 9 324.3 74 314 19 336.4
5 289 .4 10 29t 15 382. 8 20 283
CHANNEL FREOUENCY CARD
I 1-5
VISUALS FoR LESSON _11 (contrd)
y/ ANT ENNA
MIKE ANTENNA LOUD SPEAKER
one cycle per second
= one hertz
10 cycles per second
= 10 hertz
11-6
VISUALS FOR LESSON 11 (contrd)
,,NO, I WON'T HELP YOU. YOU INSISTED ON BRINGING
ALL THIS AUXILIARY EOUIPMENT.''
{
' /.-- .+
-= .. _-__-:= * - -::___-<
_--___ -
LI NE.O F.SIGHT TRANSMISSION
11-7
GLOSSARY
ANTENNA: the part on a radio that transmits and receives radio signals.
Ex: Radio signals travel from the antenna to the receiver.
AUXILIARY EQUIPI"IENT: exrra or addirional equipment.
Ex: The radio, interphone sysEem, and navigation equipment are
auxili-ary equipment.
AVIONIC EQUIPMENT: aviation electronic equipment in an aircraft.
Ex: The most used avionic eguipment is the radio.
CHANNEL: a frequency assigned to a radio station.
Ex: When you r^/ant to talk or listen to a different radio stati-on,
change your radio to that particular radio stationts channel.
CHANNEL FREQUENCY CARD: a card, usually located next to Ehe radio, that
shows the frequency of the most often used radj-o channels.
Ex: When you want to change channels, you can quickly check the
frequency on the channel frequency card.
CYCLE: a sequence of events that repeats itself.
Ex: One herEz is equal to one cycle per second.
DEPRESS: to push down.
Ex: You cannot transmit unless you depress the mike button.
FITEQUENCY: the number of hertz.
Ex: Radio messages are transmitted at specific frequencies.
GUARD CHANNEL: a channel used for emergency messag€s.
Ex: The function control switch must be turned to BOTH to allow
transmissi.on and reception on th" @.
HERTZ: cycles per second.
Ex: The term hertz has replaced cycles per second.
LINE-OF-SIGHT TRANSI.{ISSION: radio signals that only travel in a straight
line.
Ex: When a mountain is between you and the airport control tower,
you must get higher or change position and establish a' line-of-sight
transmiss ion.
I 1-8
MEGAHERTZ: one nillion hertz.
Ex: It is much easier to say 100 megahertz than it ls to say 10010001000
hertz.
MICROPHONE: an instrument for changing sound waves i.nto electrical signals.
Ex: You speak into the mj-crophone when you transmit a messEge.
MIKE: short way of saying microphoD€.
Ex: Depress the mike button when you want to transmit.
PRESET: set in advance.
Ex: A pilot selects a preset frequency by turnlng the channel selector
knob.
MDIO CONTROL PANEL: the panel that contains radio controls, radio switches,
and, in some radi-os, a channel frequency card.
Ex: The pilot has a command radio control panel but most of the
frequencies are preset.
RECEIVER: the part of a radio that receives radio signals and changes them
to sound.
Ex: A radio has a transmitter and a receiver.
STATIC: the unwanted noise in a receiver that interferes with reception.
Ex: Static is caused by electrical discharges in the atmosph€re.
TMNSMITTER: the part of a radio that changes sound to radio slgnals.
Ex: The transmitter is one of the major Parts of a radi-o.
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY: any radio frequency between 300 and 3r000 megahertz.
Ex: A short way of saying ultra high frequency is UHF.
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY: any radio frequency between 30 and 300 negahertz.
Ex: VHF is a short way of saying very high frequency.
I 1-9
CO}IPLETION EXERCISE
Write in the missing terms thaE correctly complete the senEences'
1. The number of hertz or cycles Per second is called
2. The part on a radio that transmits and receives radlo signals ls
the
3. Radio frequency between 300 and 3'000 megahertz is
4. A channel used for emergency messages is called a
5 . On the cotmand radio control panel, most of the f requencies are
so that the pl1ot doesnrt have to find
them each time.
6. Electrical discharges ln the air cause Ln
the recei-ver.
l. Since an aircraft is able to f1y without one, the interphone system is
considered to be
8. Your 11 find a right next to the radio
that shows the frequency of the most often used radio channels '
9. One hundred ls equal to 1001000'000 hertz.
10. Aviati.on electronic equipment is called
for short.
11-10
11. Cycles per second are called
L2. A changes sound to radio signals.
13. When you are ready to transmit, the mike
button.
L4. A short way of saying is mike.
15. A radio has a transmitter and a
L6. Microphone takes up a lot of space on the line. Why dontt you write
lnstead?
L7. The frequency asslgned to a radio station is known as its
18. Yourll need to increase your altitude in order to establish a
19. VHF is anoEher lray to write or say per second.
20. Hertz is a measurement of
2L. The channel frequency card is usually on or near the
11-11