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Cuadro 14.1 Estado de cambios en el patrimonio

Cuenta Saldo inicial Aumentos Disminuciones Saldo final
Capital suscrito y pagado 40,000
Superávit de capital 30,000 10,000 9,000
Reservas 3,500
Revalorización patrimonio 6,000 3,000 2,150
Resultados del ejercicio 6,000
Totales 2,000 1,500 60,650

1,200 950

5,000 6,000 5,000

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Capítulo 14 | Estados financieros 437

Cuadro 14.2 Fuentes y usos de las transacciones

Fuentes o aumentos en el Usos o disminuciones en el
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radas durante el período. • Disminución en el pasivo no co-

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438 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

Compañía Hipotética S.A.
Balance al 31 de diciembre

2XX1 2XX2

Activo Activo
Corriente Corriente

Caja y bancos $ 8,100 Caja y bancos $ 174,150

Cuentas por cobrar 45,900 Cuentas por cobrar 54,000

Inventarios 76,500 Inventariosx 90,000

Inversiones en acciones 27,000 Inversiones en acciones 68,400

Total activo corriente 157,500 Total activo corriente 386,550

No corriente No corriente

Propiedad, planta y equipo Propiedad, planta y equipo

Terreno 450,000 Terreno 450,000

Edificio 441,000 Edificio 441,000

Muebles 252,000 Muebles 432,000

Vehículos 382,500 Vehículos 652,500

Depreciación acumulada –270,000 Depreciación acumulada –371,250

Total propiedad, planta y equipo 1,255,500 Total propiedad, planta y equipo 1,604,250

Total activo 1,413,000 Total activo 1,990,800

Pasivo Pasivo
Corriente Corriente

Cuentas por pagar a proveedores 67,500 Cuentas por pagar a proveedores 90,000

Obligaciones laborales 22,500 Obligaciones laborales 36,000

Impuestos por pagar 6,750 Impuestos por pagar 30,150

Obligaciones financieras 38,250 Obligaciones financieras 9,000

Total pasivo corriente 135,000 Total pasivo corriente 165,150

Pasivo a largo plazo Pasivo a largo plazo

Obligaciones laborales 126,000 Obligaciones laborales 135,000

Obligaciones a largo plazo 675,000 Obligaciones a largo plazo 855,000

Total pasivo largo plazo 801,000 Total pasivo largo plazo 990,000

Total pasivo 936,000 Total pasivo 1,155,150

Patrimonio Patrimonio

Capital suscrito 180,000 Capital suscrito 450,000

Reservas 94,500 Reservas 121,500

Revalorización del patrimonio 135,000 Revalorización del patrimonio 135,000

Utilidades del período 67,500 Utilidades del período 129,150

Total patrimonio 477,000 Total patrimonio 835,650

Total pasivo y patrimonio $ 1,413,000 Total pasivo y patrimonio $ 1,990,800

Capítulo 14 | Estados financieros 439

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Capítulo 14 | Estados financieros 441

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Capítulo 14 | Estados financieros 447

Práctica contable

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El éxito está dado por el cumplimiento de
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presenta información acerca de las utilidades
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Capítulo 14 | Estados financieros 449

Es muy importante conocer los márgenes de
las utilidades ( bruta, operacional y neta). Estos
contribuyen en la toma de decisiones sobre
precios, descuentos, etcétera.

Permite conocer la estructura financiera de la
empresa; el valor de los bienes y derechos del
ente; el nivel de endeudamiento con terceros y
el valor de la participación neta de los socios en
esos bienes.

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medir la capacidad de la empresa y sostener
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La generación de los diferentes recursos
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14Taller de informática aplicada

Estados financieros

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450

15Capítulo

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Fundamentos
de análisis financiero

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Qué es el análisis financiero?

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Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 463

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±

Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 465

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Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 467

Indicadores de rentabilidad

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Margen de rentabilidad operacional

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Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 469

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Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 471

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Índice de días de inventario

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YHQGHU R VDOLU GHO LQYHQWDULR (VWR SHUPLWH HYDOXDU HO SURFHVR GH FRPSUD \ YHQWD

) y UPXOD GtDV

5RWDFLyQ GHO LQYHQWDULR



&RQ EDVH HQ HO UHVXOWDGR DQWHULRU

GtDV


(O UHVXOWDGR VLJQLILFD TXH OD &RPSDxtD &RPHUFLDO 6 $ WDUGD GtDV HQ
SURPHGLR SDUD YHQGHU VX LQYHQWDULR

Índice de activos totales o rotación de la inversión
(YDO~D OD FDSDFLGDG GH OD FRPSDxtD SDUD XWLOL]DU VX EDVH GH DFWLYRV HILFD]PHQWH
HQ OD JHQHUDFLyQ GH DFWLYRV

)yUPXOD 7 R9 WH D Q O W GD HV DQFHWWLDYVRV

YHFHV

472 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

,QGLFD TXH ORV LQJUHVRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV FXEUHQ YHFHV ORV DFWLY RV GH OD
&RPSDxtD &RPHUFLDO 6 $ 6L HO tQGLFH UHVXOWD PHQRU DO SURPHGLR GH OD LQGXVWULD
OD FRPSDxtD QR SURGXFH XQ YROXPHQ VXILFLHQWH GH QHJRFLRV SDUD HO WDPDxR GH
OD LQYHUVLyQ UHDOL]DGD

Índice de rotación de cuentas por pagar a proveedores

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) yUPX OD 3 U R P H&GLRRP GSHU FDXV HDQ FWUDqVG SLWRRU SDJDU

YHFHV



' tDV SUR P H G L R G H SDJR 1~P HU R GGHt DYVH FHV

GtDV

(O SURPHGLR GH SDJR D ORV SURYHHGRUHV GH OD &RPSDxtD &RPHUFLDO 6 $ HV
GH GtDV

Índice de rotación de activos fijos

0XHVWUD OD FDSDFLGDG GH OD HPSUHVD SDUD JHQHUDU YHQWDV R LQJUHVRV UHVSHFWR D XQ
YROXPHQ GHWHUPLQDGR GH DFWLYRV ILMRV $Vt PLVPR HV XQ LQGLFDGRU GH HILFLHQFLD
SXHV PLGH OD JHVWLyQ GH ORV UHFXUVRV LQYHUWLGRV HQ DFWLYRV ILMRV

) yUPXOD 9HQWDV
$FWLYRV ILMRV




3RU FDGD SHVR T XH OD &RP SDxtD &RPHUFLDO 6 $ LQYLHUWH HQ DFWLY RV ILMRV
JHQHUD HQ LQJUHVRV

Ciclo operacional
0LGH HO Q~PHUR GH GtDV TXH UHTXLHUH OD HPSUHVD SDUD FRQYHUWLU HQ HIHFWLYR R
GLVSRQLEOH ORV LQYHQWDULRV R OD SURGXFFLyQ 3DUD HOOR VH WRPDQ DxRV FRPHUFLD
OHV GH GtDV

Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 473

,QYHQWDULR SURPHGLR Õ 3URPHGLR FXHQ WDV SRU FREUDUÕ
)yUPXOD 9HQWDV D FUpGLWR
&RVWR GH YHQWDV

Õ Õ

Õ Õ GtDV

/D &RPSDxtD &RPHUFLDO 6 $ QHFHVLWD GtDV SDUD FRQYHUWLU HQ HIHFWLYR
ORV LQYHQWDULRV GLVSRQLEOHV (VWH LQGLFDGRU GHWHUPLQD ODV QHFHVLGDGHV \ OD DGPL
QLVWUDFLyQ GHO FDSLWDO GH WUDEDMR GHO HQWH HFRQyPLFR

Valor Económico Agregado (EVA)

/D HPSUHVD PRGHUQD GHEH FRQVLGHUDU OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV \ OD SUR
\HFFLyQ GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV RSHUDFLRQDOHV (VWR REOLJD D XQ DQiOLVLV PiV SURIXQGR
TXH HO GHVDUUROODGR SRU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV GH FUHFLPLHQWR SRU LQJUHVRV
XWLOLGDGHV \ DFWLYRV FRPR IDFWRUHV SDUD OD HYDOXDFLyQ GHO GHVHPSHxR

/DV KHUUDPLHQWDV TXH YDQ D XWLOL]DUVH GHEHQ FXPSOLU ORV GLIHUHQWHV REMHWLYRV GH
OD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ DOJXQRV GH ORV FXDOHV SXHGHQ VHU HFRQyPLFRV \ ILQDQFLHURV

• /RJUDU HO FUHFLPLHQWR HPSUHVDULDO FRQ EDVH HQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV PHWDV RE
WHQHU OD Pi[LPD XWLOLGDG FRQ OD PtQLPD LQYHUVLyQ GH ORV DFFLRQLVWDV
ORJUDU HO PtQLPR FRVWR GH FDSLWDO

• 7UDEDMDU FRQ HO PtQLPR ULHVJR VHJ~Q ORV VLJXLHQWHV SDUiPHWURV SURSRU
FLyQ HTXLOLEUDGD HQWUH HO HQGHXGDPLHQWR \ OD LQYHUVLyQ GH ORV SURSLHWD
ULRV SURSRUFLyQ HTXLOLEUDGD HQWUH REOLJDFLRQHV ILQDQFLHUDV D FRUWR SOD]R
\ ODV REOLJDFLRQHV D ODUJR SOD]R FREHU WXUD GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV ULHVJRV \D
VHDQ GH FDPELR GH LQWHUHVHV GHO FUpGLWR \ GH ORV YDORUHV QHJRFLDEOHV

• 'LVSRQHU GH QLYHOHV ySWLPRV GH OLTXLGH] WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ILQDQFLD
PLHQWR DGHFXDGR GH ORV DFWLYRV FRUULHQWHV HTXLOLEULR HQWUH HO UHFDXGR \
ORV SDJRV

3DUD PHGLU HVWRV IDFWRUHV VH FXHQWD FRQ XQ PpWRGR GH PHGLFLyQ GHO GHVHP
SHxR TXH VH GHQRPLQD (9$

¿Qué es el EVA?

(O 9DORU (FRQyPLFR $JUHJDGR (9$ R XWLOLGDG HFRQyPLFD HV HO SRU GXFWR REWHQLGR
SRU OD GLIHUHQFLD HQWUH OD UHQWDELOLGDG GH ORV DFWLYRV \ HO FRVWR GH ILQDQFLDFLyQ R
GH FDSLWDO UHTXHULGR SDUD SRVHHU HVRV DFWLYRV (9$ HV XQD PHGLGD GH DFWXDFLyQ
SDUD OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV HQ XQD HPSUHVD (VWD PHGLGD SHUPLWH ILMDU HVWUDWHJLDV
\ REMHWLYRV HQFDPLQDGRV D OD FUHDFLyQ GH YDORU

474 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

6L D WRGRV ORV LQJUHVRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV VH OH GHGXFHQ OD WRWDOLGDG GH ORV JDV
WRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV HO YDORU GH ORV LPSXHVWRV \ HO FRVWR GH RSRUWXQLGDG GHO
FDSLWDO VH REWLHQH HO (9$

Ventajas del EVA

(O (9$ PDUFD XQD GLIHUHQFLD HQ HO PXQGR GH ORV QHJRFLRV DO SHUPLWLUOHV D ODV
HPSUHVDV TXH OR LPSODQWDQ RSWLPL]DU OD JHVWLyQ \ DXPHQWDU OD ULTXH]D (VWD IRUPD
GH PHGLFLyQ SUHVHQWD ODV VLJXLHQWHV YHQWDMDV

• 3XHGH DSOLFDUVH D FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH HPSUHVD VLQ LPSRUWDU VX DFWLYLGDG
\ R WDPDxR

• 6X FiOFXOR QR HV FRPSOHMR SRU WDQWR HV IiFLO GH FRPSUHQGHU \ DSOLFDU
• 3HUPLWH PHGLU FRQ SUHFLVLyQ OD ULTXH]D JHQHUDGD GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH

ORV DFFLRQLVWDV
• &XDOTXLHU GLUHFWLYR R HPSOHDGR SXHGH HQWHQGHUOD FRQ IDFLOLGDG
• (V SRVLEOH UHDOL]DU PHGLFLRQHV HIHFWLYDV FXDQGR VH DSOLFD FRPR VLVWHPD

GH LQFHQWLYRV PRQHWDULRV WDQWR D ORV GLU HFWLYRV FRPR D ORV HP SOHDGRV
GH OD RUJDQL]DFLyQ
• (YLWD SUiFWLFDV FRUWRSODFLVWDV TXH GHWHULRUDQ D PHGLDQR \ ODUJR SOD]R ORV
UHVXOWDGRV GH OD FRPSDxtD

Cómo calcular el EVA

/D IyUPXOD HV

(9$ 82', ± F
Õ FDSLWDO &
(9$ 8WLOLGDG 2SHUDFLRQDO 'HVSXpV GH ,PSXHVWRV 82', ± FRVWR GHO FDSLWDO Õ FDSLWDO

6HJ~Q HVWD HFXDFLyQ SXHGH DILUPDUVH TXH HO (9$ HV HO LQJUHVR UHVLGXDO R
XWLOLGDG RSHUDFLRQDO PHQRV XQ FDUJR SRU HO XVR GHO FDSLWDO (O (9$ HV OD GLIH
UHQFLD HQWUH ODV XWLOLGDGHV GHULYDGDV GH ODV RSHUDFLRQHV GH OD HPSUHVD \ HO FRVWR
GHO FDSLWDO JHVWLRQDGR PHGLDQWH XQD OtQHD GH FUpGLWR

Ejemplo 15.6 8QD HPSUHVD WLHQH XQD 82', GH XQ F
GHO \ VX FDSLWDO HV GH


Solución (9$ 82', ± F
ÕFDSLWDO
(9$ ± Õ

(9$ ±

(9$

(VWR LQGLFD TXH KD FUHDGR YDORU SRU

Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 475

(O REMHWLYR GHO (9$ HV TXH ORV SURSLHWDULRV R DFFLRQLVWDV GH ODV HPSUHVDV GHEHQ
JDQDU XQ UHQGLPLHQWR SDUD FRPSHQVDU HO ULHVJR (Q RWUDV SDODEUDV HO FDSLWDO
LQYHUWLGR GHEH JHQHUDU DO PHQRV HO PLVPR UHQGLPLHQWR IUHQWH D LQYHUVLRQHV GH
VLPLODU ULHVJR HQ HO PHUFDGR GH FDSLWDOHV

6H UHTXLHUH FDOFXODU HO (9$ SDUD XQD SHTXHxD HPSUHVD TXH SUHVHQWD ODV VLJXLHQWHV Ejemplo 15.7
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GDWRV HQ SHVRV

• /D HPSUHVD SHUWHQHFH DO VHFWRU FRPHUFLDO

• /RV SURSLHWDULRV HVSHUDQ HO GH UHQGLPLHQWR SRU HO XVR GH VX GLQHUR
SXHV XQD UHQWD LQIHULRU D HVH SRUFHQWDMH QR VHUtD DWUDFWLYD

• /R DQWHULRU WLHQH TXH YHU FRQ HO UHQGLPLHQWR TXH SRGUtDQ REWHQHU LQ
YLUWLHQGR D ODUJR SOD]R HQ DFWLYLGDGHV GH LJXDO ULHVJR IRQGRV DFFLRQHV
R HQ RWUDV HPSUHVDV

(VWDGR GH UHVXOWDGRV GH OD &RPSDxtD ;<

9HQWDV QHWDV

&RVWR GH YHQWDV

*DVWRV GH DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ

2WURV JDVWRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV

8WLOLGDG RSHUDFLRQDO

,QWHUHVHV

8WLOLGDG DQWHV GH LPSXHVWRV

,PSXHVWRV

8WLOLGDG QHWD

%DODQFH JHQHUDO GH OD &RPSDxtD ;<

$FWLYRV

$FWLYR FRUULHQWH 3DVLYR FRUULHQWH

(IHFWLYR &XHQWDV SRU SDJDU

&XHQWDV SRU FREUDU *DVWRV FDXVDGRV SRU SDJDU

,QYHQWDULRV 'HXGD D FRUWR SOD]R

2WURV DFWLYRV FRUULHQWHV 7RWDO SDVLYR FRUULHQWH

7RWDO DFWLYRV FRUULHQWHV

3DVLYR D ODUJR SOD]R

$FWLYRV ILMRV 'HXGD D ODUJR SOD]R

3URSLHGDG SODQWD \ HTXLSR 7RWDO SDVLYR D ODUJR SOD]R

9DORUL]DFLRQHV

7RWDO DFWLYRV ILMRV 3DWULPRQLR

&DSLWDO

*DQDQFLDV UHWHQLGDV

5HVXOWDGRV GHO HMHUFLFLR

6XSHUiYLW SRU YDORUL]DFLyQ

7RWDO SDWULPRQLR

7RWDO DFWLYRV 7RWDO SDVLYR \ SDWULPRQLR

476 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

Solución /RV SDVRV SDUD FDOFXODU HO (9$ VRQ
6H FDOFXOD OD 82',
6H LGHQWLILFD HO FDSLWDO & GH OD HPSUHVD
6H GHWHUPLQD HO &RVWR 3URPHGLR 3RQGHUDGR GH &DSLWDO &33&
6H FDOFXOD HO (9$ GH OD HPSUHVD

3DVR 6H FDOFXOD OD 82', $ 365,200
170,000
Ventas netas 195,200
Costo de mercancías vendidas 80,000
Utilidad bruta en ventas 49,500
Gastos generales de administración y ventas 65,700
Otros gastos operativos 12,000
Utilidad operativa
Impuestos pagados $ 53,700
UODI

8QD IRUPD DOWHUQDWLYD GH FDOFXODU OD 82', HV $ 28,700
25,000
Utilidad neta después de impuestos
Intereses $ 53,700
UODI

3DVR 6H LGHQWLILFD HO FDSLWDO & GH OD HPSUHVD
eVWH VH SXHGH FDOFXODU GHVGH OD DSUR[LPDFLyQ ILQDQFLHUD DVt

Deuda a corto plazo $ 2,000 0.3% del capital total
Deuda a largo plazo 210,000 29.3% del capital total
Patrimonio 505,700 70.4% del capital total
Capital
$ 717,700

3DVR 6H GHWHUPLQD HO FRVWR SURPHGLR SRQGHUDGR GH FDSLWDO &33&

(Q HVWH HMHPSOR &33& GHELGR D
• /D UD]yQ SDWULPRQLR DFWLYR WRWDO HQ OD HPSUHVD HV

y FRQ XQ FRVWR GHO
• /D FRPSDxtD WLHQH XQ HQGHXGDPLHQWR GHO SDVLYR WRWDO DFWLYR

WRWDO \ VH DVXPH TXH GHEH SDJDU HO GH LQWHUpV

/XHJR HO FRVWR SURPHGLR GH FDSLWDO VHUtD
&33& F
Õ SDWULPRQLR DFWLYR FL Õ SDVLYR DFWLYR Õ ± W

&33& Õ Õ ±

Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 477

&33& Õ
&33& XVDQGR XQD WDVD LPSRVLWLYD GHO

3DVR 6H FDOFXOD HO (9$ GH OD HPSUHVD
(9$ 82', ² FDSLWDO Õ &33&
(9$ ² Õ
(9$ ²
(9$ ²
/D HPSUHVD GHO HMHPSOR GHVWUX\y YDORU SRU

Punto de equilibrio

¿Qué es el punto de equilibrio?

(V HO YROXPHQ GH YHQWDV QHFHVDULDV SDUD QR SHUGHU QL JDQDU HV GHFLU TXHGDU HQ
HTXLOLEULR FRQ XWLOLGDG FHUR 3DUD HO DQiOLVLV GH SXQWR GH HTXLOLEULR QRUPDOPHQWH VH
WUDEDMD FRQ OD XWLOLGDG RSHUDWLYD HV GHFLU OD XWLOLGDG DQWHV GH LQWHUHVHV LPSXHVWRV
\ RWURV JDVWRV H LQJUHVRV TXH QR SHUWHQHFHQ D OD RSHUDFLyQ EiVLFD GHO QHJRFLR

9HQWDV WRWDOHV 3UHFLR XQLWDULR Õ 8QLGDGHV
&RVWR WRWDOHV &RVWRV ILMRV &RVWRV YDULDEOHV
8WLOLGDG 9HQWDV WRWDOHV ² &RVWRV WRWDOHV

6L XWLOLGDG
(QWRQFHV
9HQWDV WRWDOHV ± &RVWRV WRWDOHV
9HQWDV WRWDOHV &RVWRV WRWDOHV

3UHFLR GH YHQWD Õ 8QLGDGHV &RVWRV ILMRV &RVWRV YDULDEOHV
3UHFLR GH YHQWD Õ 8QLGDGHV ± &RVWR YDULDEOH Õ 8QLGDGHV &RVWRV ILMRV



&RVWRV )LMRV &) 3XQWR GH
; XQLGDGHV HTXLOLEULR
39 XQLWDULR ± &9 XQLWDULR 398 ± &98 HQ XQ LGDGHV


3 H QX QSWHRV RGVH H T X L O L E ULR 3 9 X Q L W & D UR LVRW R±V &)L9MR XV QLWDULR &)
39 XQLWDULR 398 ± &98
398

478 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

Ejemplo 15.8 8QD FRPSDxtD WLHQH FRVWRV ILMRV GH SUHFLR GH YHQWD GH \ FRVWRV
YDULDEOHV GH 'HWHUPLQH HO SXQWR GH HTXLOLEULR HQ XQLGDGHV \ SHVRV

Solución
3( [ G H X QLGDGHV
±


3(
±


(VWDGR GH UHVXOWDGRV

'HPRVWUDFLyQ

9HQWDV Õ

± &RVWRV YDULDEOHV Õ

0DUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ

± &RVWRV ILMRV

8WLOLGDG RSHUDWLYD

8QLGDGHV

9HQWDV

± &RVWRV YDULDEOHV

0DUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ

± &RVWRV ILMRV

8WLOLGDG R SpUGLGD

Figura 15.1 Gráfica del punto de equilibrio Ventas

$ Ganancias
Ventas Costos Totales

15,000,000 Punto de Costos
10,000,000 equilibrio variables
Costos fijos
5,000,000 Pérdida
Unidades

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

Capítulo 15 | Fundamentos de análisis financiero 479

Importancia del punto de equilibrio

/H VXPLQLVWUD D OD JHU HQFLD GDWRV VREUH FRVWRV \ JDQDQFLDV UHTXHULGRV
SDUD SODQLILFDU ODV XWLOLGDGHV \ OD IRUPXODFLyQ GH SROtWLFDV

6LUYH SDUD UHVSDOGDU OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV
)DFLOLWD OD SUHVHQWDFLyQ GH LQIRUPHV \ OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH PXFKRV DVSHFWRV

HFRQyPLFRV GHO QHJRFLR
(V XQ LQVWUXPHQWR SDUD HO DQiOLVLV SODQHDFLyQ \ FRQWURO HQ OD HPSUHVD
6H DSOLFD D FRUWR SOD]R HV GHFLU D RSHUDFLRQHV FRQ WLHPSR PHQRU GH XQ

DxR
(VWD KHUUDPLHQWD IDFLOLWD HO DQiOLVLV \ ODV GHFLVLRQHV VREUH SUR\HFWRV GH

LQYHUVLyQ

Margen de contribución

(V HO H[FHVR GH LQJUHVRV FRQ UHVSHFWR D ORV FRVWRV YDULDEOHV 7DPELpQ HV OD SDUWH
TXH FRQWULEX\H D FXEULU ORV FRVWRV ILMRV \ SURSRUFLRQD XQD XWLOLGDG

(Q HO FDVR FRQFUHWR GHO SXQWR GH HTXLOLEULR 3( VL HO PDUJHQ GH FRQWUL
EXFLyQ WRWDO GH OD HP SUHVD HV LJXDO D ORV FRV WRV ILMRV VLJQLILFD TXH QR REWXYR
XWLOLGDG QL SpUGLGD

&RVWR V ILMRV PD UJHQ 398 ± &9 8
3(
PDUJHQ FRQWULEXFLyQ &RQWULEXFLyQ 398

3 ( ; & RVWRV ILMRV
0DUJHQ FRQWULEXFLyQ XQLWDULR

$O WRPDU ORV GDWRV GHO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU
0DUJHQ FRQWULEXFLyQ XQLWDULR ± XQLGDG

3( ; XQLGDGHV
XQLGDG

±
PDUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ


3(



(VWH PRGHOR OH D\XGD D OD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ D GHWHUPLQDU ODV DFFLRQHV TXH
GHEH WRPDU FRQ OD ILQDOLGDG GH ORJUDU FLHUWRV REMHWLYRV TXH HQ HO FDVR GH ODV
HPSUHVDV OXFUDWLYDV VH GHQRPLQDQ XWLOLGDGHV /D PDQHUD GH FDOFXODU OD FDQWLGDG
GH XQLGDGHV SRU YHQGHU SDUD XQD GHWHUPLQDGD XWLOLGDG HV OD VLJXLHQWH

480 Contabilidad general | Enfoque práctico con aplicaciones informáticas

XQLG;D GHV &RVWRV ILMRV 8 W LOLGDG GHVHDGD $QWHV GH LPSXHVWRV
SRU YHQGHU 0DUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ XQLWDULR



8WLOLGDG GHVHDGD

&RVWRV ILMRV ± W
; ' HVSXpV GH LPSXHVWRV
0DUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ XQLWDULR

W WDVD GH LPSXHVWRV

Ejemplo 15.9 6XSyQJDVH TXH FRQ ORV GDW RV GHO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU GHVHD REWHQHUVH XQD XWLOLGDG
Solución RSHUDWLYD GH ¢&XiO HV HO YROXPHQ HQ SHVRV SDUD DOFDQ]DU OD XWLOLGDG"

; XQLGDGHV
HQ XQLGDGHV ±

;
HQ SHVRV ±



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• ËQGLFH GH VROYHQFLD
• $QiOLVLV KRUL]RQWDO • 0DUJHQ GH FRQWULEXFLyQ
• YHUWLFDO • 3XQWR GH HTXLOLEULR
• &RVWRV ILMRV • 8WLOLGDG 2SHUDFLRQDO 'HVSXpV GH ,P
• &RVWRV YDULDEOHV
• ,QGLFDGRUHV ILQDQFLHURV SXHVWRV 82',
• ËQGLFH GH DFWLYLGDG • 9DORU (FRQyPLFR $JUHJDGR (9$
• ËQGLFH GH OLTXLGH]