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Agradecimientos

CASE STUDY CREDITS de un travestido. Libro de Casos, por Robert L. Spitzer et al., 2002, pp.
257–259. Reproducido con permiso de American Psychiatric Publishing,
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Reproducido con permiso de American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., cido con permiso de American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., www.appi.org;
www.appi.org; p. 360: Estudio de un caso: Una desconexión esquizotipica. Capítulo 17: p. 566: Estudio de un caso: La señora Corrales. Tomado de
Libro de Casos DSM III R, por Robert L. Spitzer et al., 1989, pp. 173–174. Latino Families in Therapy: A Guide to Multicultural Practice de Celia J.
Reproducido con permiso de American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., Falicov, copyright © 1998. Guilford Press; p. 570: Estudio de un caso:
www.appi.org; p. 362: Estudio de un caso: Una estudiante narcisista. Libro Medicinas y psicoterapia. Tomado de An Unquiet Mind de Kay Redfield
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Índice analítico

Abstinencia, 423 físico, 83 definición, 184
de la nicotina, 409 consecuencias a largo plazo, 83 estudio de un caso, 185
tratamiento, 409 deprivación, 83 sin pánico, 185
del abuso del alcohol, 403 teoría biológica, 189
del tabaco, 409 infantil tratamiento, 192
en la práctica sexual, 427. 428, 456 para el ajuste psicológico, 556 Alcaloides, 407
mantenimiento de la, 405 recuerdos recuperados, 441, 442 Alcohol, 388, 389, 406
efectos, 391, 406
Abuso. Véase también abuso infantil; problemas sexual, 440
de conducta por abuso sexual categorías, 444, 445 físicos de su uso crónico, 392
efectos, 441 sobre el cerebro, 391
de la heroína, 408 en los recuerdos recuperados, 441 en la violencia marital, 399
efectos de, 409 niñez, 440 errores sobre, 390
tratamiento con metadona, 412 consecuencias, 441 hipersensibilidad al efecto hipnótico de, 396
controversias, 441 nivel en la sangre, 391
de las drogas, 406 efectos nocivos, 441 utilización a lo largo de la historia, 389
de narcóticos, 407 prevalencia, 440 Alcohólicos anónimos, 404
testimonios de los niños, 441 Alcoholismo. Véase abuso del alcohol, 389
factores causales, 410 tratamiento para los corruptores, 448 Alegato de locura, 616
tratamientos resultados, 411 Alianza terapéutica, 565
de sustancias. Véase también abuso del sexual de los niños, 440 Alucinaciones, 465
efectos dañinos de, 457 congruentes con el estado de ánimo, 222
alcohol; abuso de las drogas; drogas en la esquizofrenia, 467
específicas, 388 Ácido, 199 en la esquizofrenia desorganizada, 469
del alcohol, 388 gamma aminobutírico, 199 Ambivalencia suicida, 260, 261
definición, 388 deficiencia funcional, 199 Amenazas graves a la seguridad personal, 159
efectos psicosociales, 392 en la ansiedad y el pánico, 199 Amígdala, 188
errores acerca de, 390 en el trastorno de pánico, 188
factores causales psicosociales, 397 Acomodación, 81 Amnesia, 281
factores en el, 394 Adicción. Véase también abuso del alcohol; anterógrada, 281
factores socioculturales, 401 con traumatismo craneal, 515
genética, 396 abuso de las drogas; abuso de sustancias, disociativa, 281
prevalencia, comorbilidad, y demografía, diagnósticos del DSM-IV-TR, 408, 409 deficiencias intelectuales y de memoria, 291
389 ADN, 60 tipos de, 281
prevención de la recaída, 405, 607 Adrenalina. Véase epinefrina tratamiento de, 285
programas de prevención, 607 Agentes
psicosis asociadas con, 392 inmunológicos, 548
tratamientos, 401 que provocan el pánico, 187
vulnerabilidad genética, 395 Agorafobia, 184
conducta de evitación fóbica, 184

 Í N D I C E A N A L Í T I C O

interpersonal, 283 Autoginefilia, 459 efectos, 578
retrógrada, 281 Clorpromacina, 572
Amobarbital sódico, 406 Baile de San Vito, 31
Anfetaminas, 406, 412, 413 Barbitúricos, 414 dosis y vida media, 572
abuso de, 414 Clozapina, 491
abuso de, 414
efectos, 414 tratamientos y resultados, 415 dosis y vida media, 491
tratamientos y resultados, 414 para la esquizofrenia, 491
efectos de, 414 efectos de, 414, 406 Cocaína, 406, 412
Anorexia nerviosa, 298 para los trastornos disociativos, 415 abuso de, 412
abuso sexual infantil, 313 síntomas de abstinencia, 414
apoyo en internet, 315 Beneficios, 274 tratamientos y resultados, 413
complicaciones físicas, 394 primarios, 274 efectos, 406, 412
criterios diagnósticos diferenciales, 303 secundarios, 274 Codeína, 406
diagnóstico, 303 Benzodiacepinas, 577 efectos de, 406
edad de aparición y diferencias sexuales, 298 efectos, 577 Comorbilidad, 12
en hombres, 299 Biblia, trastornos mentales en la, con el abuso del alcohol, 389
entorno familiar, 313 Borracheras en la universidad, 399 de la ansiedad y los trastornos del estado de
factores biológicos, 308 Bulimia nerviosa, 323
factores de riesgo personales, 310 complicaciones médicas, 304 ánimo, 238
factores socioculturales, 309 criterios diagnósticos diferenciales, 303 de los trastornos de personalidad, 125
prevalencia, 306 criterios para, 303 Complejo de Edipo, 70
tipo atracón y tipo purgante, 305 curso y término, 307 Compulsiones, 200
tipo restringido, 305 diagnóstico, 305 en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, 200
tratamiento, 314, 315 edad de aparición y diferencias sexuales, 303 tipos de, 86
Anorgasmia, 456 estudio de un caso, 303 Computadoras, 111
Anormalidades. Véase también conducta tratamiento, 316 en la evaluación clínica, 111
versus anorexia nerviosa del tipo atracón y para interpretar el Test de Rorschach, 112
patológica Comunicación, 86
aspectos culturales, 8 purga, 317 en la competencia social, 86
bioquímicas, 8 inadecuada, irracional, y hostil, 86
craneales, 551 Cafeína, 406 irracional, 86
definición, 6 criterios DSM-IV-TR para a la adicción a, 406, Condicionamiento
durante la edad media, 29 408 aversivo, 44, 75
Ansiedad, 341, 173 dependencia de, 408 clásico, 99, 76
alcoholismo y, 395 instrumental, 44
flotante. Véase trastorno de ansiedad Cambio social, 95 Condiciones
Cáncer del eje I, 126
generalizado, 200 del eje II, 126
Ansiolíticos, 577 de pulmón, 350 del eje III, 126
Anticonvulsivos, 252 estrés relacionado con el tratamiento de, 330 del eje IV, 127
Antidepresivos, 573, 576 Cannabis, 407 del eje V, 127
Carbamacepina, 580 Conducta
más habitualmente prescritos, 574 Castración, adictiva, 398
para la bulimia nerviosa, 577 ansiedad ante la, 71 delinctiva, 558
para la depresión infantil, 573, 576 química, 449
para la depresión mayor, 573, 576 factores causales, 558
para los trastornos del estado de ánimo, 580 de los agresores sexuales, 450 inadaptada, 524
tricíclicos, 576 de los corruptores de menores, 450
Apego, 92 Catarsis, 43 clasificación en la infancia, 525
cultura y relaciones de, 92 Catecolaminas, 57 en diferentes periodos de la vida, 524
Apoyo social, 344 Causa necesaria, 5 vulnerabilidad especial en los niños
carencia de, 341 Células
en la enfermedad física, 344 B, 331 pequeños, 525
en la vulnerabilidad al resfriado común, 345 T, 331 incontrolable, 564
Aprendizaje, 345 Ciclotimia, 241 irresponsable, 373
en la enfermedad física, 345 citoquinas, 332
observacional, 77 en el espectro maníaco-depresivo, 244 en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, 204
Aspectos legales, 612 estudio de un caso, 242, 243 observación clínica de, 109
Atribución, 78, 235 etapa depresiva de, patológica, 4, 22
Autismo, 539 etapa hipomaníaca de, 241
conducta repetitiva, 540 Claustrofobia, 175 aproximaciones científicas, 22
cuadro clínico, 540 Clomipramina, 574 causas y factores de riesgo, 52
en los niños, 540 dosis y vida media, 574 clasificación, 5
estudio de un caso, 539, 586 Clonacepam, 578 definición, 6
factores causales, 541 dosis y vida media, 578 modelos evolutivos multicausales, 55
tratamiento conductual, 542 Clonidina, 578 modelos vulnerabilidad-estrés, 54
tratamientos y resultados, 542, 543 Cloracepato, 578 perspectivas históricas, 26
Clordiacepoxide, 578 perspectivas humanitarias, 32
dosis y vida media, 578 perspectivas teóricas y causas, 96
retroalimentación y circularidad, 45
temas sin resolver, 47
sexual, 109

www.ablongman.com/butcher12e Índice analítico 

escalas de valoración, 109 bipolar, 216 experimental ABAB, 21
Conflictos, 137 definición, 216 experimentales de caso único, 20
diagnóstico DSM-IV-TR, 217 Disfunciones
intrapsíquicos, 70 efectos sobre los demás, 237 sexuales, 451
Correlación escalas de valoración, 118
estudio de un caso, 216, 220, 221, 253 de la excitación sexual, 452
genotipo-ambiente, 61 factores causales de tipo biológico, 224, 28 del deseo sexual, 452
negativa, 18 infancia, 534 orgásmicas, 454
positiva, 18 prevalencia, 452
Cromosomas, 60 criterios diagnósticos, 217 que involucran dolor sexual, 456
anomalías, 60 factores causales, 535 tratamiento, 456
pares, 60 prevalencia, 217 Dislexia, 544
post parto, 219 factores causales, 544
sexuales, 60 psicoterapia, 253 Dispareunia, 456
que no son trastornos del estado de ánimo, Disritmia, 105
X, 60 Distimia, 220
Y, 60 218 Divorcio, 148
Cuestionario de personalidad Multifásico de síntomas, 221 efectos sobre los niños, 87
subtipos, 222 efectos sobre los padres, 87
Minnesota (MMPI 2), 115 sueño y ritmos circadianos, 227 estrés y, 148
críticas, 117 suicidio y, 255 Dolor
en los estudios de casos, 116 teoría cognitiva de Beck, 232 en el trastorno de somatización, 272
escalas clínicas, 115 teoría de la desesperación, 234 experiencia subjetiva de, 272
escalas de validez, 118 teorías conductuales, 232 insensibilidad en esquizofrenia, 482
escalas especiales, 118 teorías psicodinámicas, 592, 231 Dominio e inmunización contra la ansiedad, 197
perfil e informe informatizado, 116 terapia electro convulsiva en, 251, 252 Dopamina, 394, 483
Cuidadores terapias cognitivo conductuales, 587 Drogas
de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer, tratamientos y resultados, 571-578 antipsicóticas, 572
unipolar, 216 efectos extrapiramidales, 406
513 más habitualmente prescritas, 406
estrés y depresión en, 513 diferencias sexuales, 236 psicoactivas, 388, 406
mayor, 220 abuso de, 388, 406
Daños, versus bipolar, 216 Duelo, 147
cerebral orgánico, 501 violencia marital, 240 diferencias culturales, 147
por traumatismo craneal, 518 vulnerabilidad cognitiva, 231 estrés y, 147
cuadro clínico, 516 Desarrollo personal, 22, 81 proceso, 147
graves, 518 Desastres
leve, 15 aéreos, 164 Ecolalia, 540
tratamientos resultados, 518 naturales, 164 en el autismo, 540
en el trastorno de estrés post traumático,
Déficits de atención, 526 Economía de fichas, 586
Delincuencia juvenil. Véase también trastorno de 164 Ecopraxia, 469
intervención en crisis, 164 Eje,
conducta; trastorno de oposición Desensibilización
desafiante sistemática, 584 hipotálamo-pituitaria-adrenal, 330
Delirium, 506 Deseo sexual, 451 Electroencefalograma, 105
presentación clínica, 506 disfunciones, 451 Ello, 99
Demencia, 507 Desequilibrios neuroquímicos, 57 Encopresis, 537
debida a una infección VIH, 513 Desinstitucionalización, 38 Endorfinas, 411
diagnóstico DSM, 508 Desipramina, 574 Enfermedad
distribución según su causa probable, 508 dosis y vida media, 574
en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, 507, 508 Desmopresina, 537 cardiaca, 339
enfermedades que la causan, 508 Despersonalización, 280 cardiovascular, 337, 338
exámenes neuropsicológicos que pueden Desviaciones sexuales, 426
detectarla, 508 Dexadrina, 406 factores psicológicos, 339
precoz, 507 Dexa-metasona, 225 coronaria, 339
tipos de, 507 Diacepam, 578 de Alzheimer, 509
vascular, 514 Diagnóstico
Dendritas, neurotransmisores liberados en, 58 criterios, 102 aparición tardía, 511
Dependencia evaluación y, 102 aparición temprana, 510
de las drogas, 406 manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los aspectos genéticos y ambientales, 510
de la cafeína y la nicotina, 408 daño cerebral, 501
de la cocaína y las anfetaminas, 412 trastornos mentales, cuarta edición demencia, 508
de la marihuana, 414 (DSM-4), 102 neuropatología, 511
de los barbitúricos, 414 Dieta, 312 prevalencia, 510
del éxtasis, 417 Discriminación, tratamiento a los cuidadores, 513
del LSD y los alucinógenos, 416 racial, 94 tratamientos y resultados, 511
del opio y los narcóticos, 407 sexual, 94 de Huntington, 508
de sustancias, 398 Diseños demencia de, 508
del alcohol, 388 de Parkinson, 507
Depresión. Véase también melancolía, 216, 340
a lo largo del ciclo vital, 221

 Í N D I C E A N A L Í T I C O

daño cerebral, 501 trastorno de personalidad esquizoide, 359 historia social, 103
de Tay-Sachs, 549 trastorno de personalidad esquizotípico, 359 informatizada, 111
factores psicológicos, 344 tratamiento, 489 psicosocial, 108
física tratamiento combinado, 492
Estabilizadores del estado de ánimo, 580 entrevistas de evaluación, 108
factores biológicos, 343 con la terapia electro convulsiva a, 580 observación clínica, 109
factores psicosociales, 344 Estados alterados de personalidad, 617 test objetivos de personalidad, 111
factores socioculturales, 344 Estereotipos, 5 tests psicológicos, 110
maníaco-depresiva. Véase también trastornos Estigma, 5 Examen
Estilos del lenguaje (test), 502
bipolares, de atribución pesimista, 235 neuropsicológico, 106
Ensayos clínicos aleatorios, 323, 568 en la evaluación clínica, 105
Entrevistas en la salud y en la enfermedad, 334 para los traumatismos craneales, 518
paternal autoritaria, 85 Excitación sexual, 451
en la evaluación psicosocial, 108 paternal y cálido, 85 disfunciones, 451
en los estudios de casos, 120 paternos inadecuados, 84 subjetiva versus fisiológica, 451
estructurada, 108, 130 Estimación de la prevalencia, Exhibicionismo, 435
fiabilidad, 108 Estimulación sexual previa, 451 Exorcismo, 31
no estructurada, 108, 130 Estrategias, durante la edad media, 31
Enuresis, 536 para el estrés, 141 Expectativas de éxito social, 398
funcional, 536 de prevención, clasificación y, 17 Experimento de Pinel, 34
nocturna, 536 experimentales, 18 Exploraciones del cerebro, 105
Epidemiología, 11 prospectivas, 18 Exposición
Epinefrina, 57 retrospectivas, 17 en vivo, 584
Episodio, 241 Estrés, 136 imaginada, 584
hipomaníaco, 241 afrontamiento, 141 Expresividad emocional, 488
maníaco, 241 aspectos fisiológicos, 329 Éxtasis, 417
Equilibrio fisiológico, 344 categorías, 136 Extinción, en el condicionamiento clásico, 75
Equipo de salud mental, 9 de combate, 155 Eyaculación
Escalas prematura, 451, 454
de estimación, 109 cuadro clínico, 155 retrasada, 451
de valoración de Hamilton para la depresión, factores causales, 157
definición, 136 Factores
118 efectos biológicos, 143 ambientales, 152
Escuela de Nancy, 42 efectos graves, 144 de estrés, 152
Especificadores, 109 efectos psicológicos, 145 causales, 152
Esquizofrenia efectos sobre el sistema nervioso simpático, biológicos, 56
psicosociales, 80
antidepresivos tricíclicos, 576 144 socioculturales, 90
aspectos biológicos, 480 en la enfermedad y la salud, 329 de estrés, 138
características, 465 en refugiados, 159 categorías, 136
catatónica, 469 factores de predisposición, 138 definición, 136
causas, 471 respuesta inmunológica, 144 impredecible e incontrolable, 162
conducta impredecible, 467 trastorno de adaptación, 146 de protección, 54
criterios diagnósticos DSM-IV-TR, 464, 465 trastorno de estrés post traumático, 148, 152 psicológicos, 329
cuadro clínico, 464 Etapas en el funcionamiento inmunológico, 333
desorganizada, 469 de latencia, 70 en la salud y la enfermedad, 329
epidemiología, 462 fálica, 70
estudio de un caso, 462 Familia
estudios de análisis de vínculos, 472 complejo de Edipo, 70 efectos del divorcio sobre, 486
evaluación de la peligrosidad, 118 complejo de Electra, 70 en la esquizofrenia Programas de intervención
evaluación mediante el MMPI-2, 118 genital, 70 basados en la familia, 486
factores genéticos, 471 oral, 70
hipótesis de la dopamina, 394, 483 psicosexuales, 70 Fantasías sexuales violentas, 436
ideas delirantes, 464 Ética Fármacoterapia, 571-580
indiferenciada, 470 del derecho al suicidio, 262 Fases de la respuesta sexual, 451
insensibilidad al dolor, 482 en la evaluación, 122 Fenelcilina, 574
orígenes, 463 Etiología, factores causales en, 52
paranoide, 468 Etiquetas, 6 dosis y vida media, 574
prevención, 496 diagnósticas, 6 Fenilcetonuria, 550
prevención secundaria, 496 diagnóstico, 6
prevención terciaria, 496 Evaluación en el retraso mental, 550
recaída, 487 aspectos éticos, 122 Fenotipos, 61
residual, 470 clínica, 102 Fetichismo, 433
síntomas, 467 clasificación de la conducta anormal, 123
síntomas negativos, 467 del organismo físico, 105 con sadismo sexual, 433
síntomas positivos, 467 diagnóstico, 102 travestido, 433
subtipos, 468 elementos básicos, 102 Fiabilidad, 124
tipos I y II, 467 Fluoxetina (Prozac), 574
Fluvoxamina, 574

www.ablongman.com/butcher12e Índice analítico 

Fobia, 174 perspectiva punitiva hacia, 427 Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos
como conducta aprendida, 189 psiquiatría americana y, 429 mentales IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR), 102
definición, 174 ritualizada, 428
distribución no aleatoria, 178 Hormonas, 57, 225 categorías de los ejes I y II, 126
específicas, 174 Hospitales psiquiátricos, 607 cinco ejes, 126
definición, 174 Ideas eje II, 126
diagnóstico, 174 delirantes, 464 el problema del etiquetado, 6
edad de aparición y diferencias sexuales, suicidas, 255 Marihuana, 417, 407
175 Identidades , efectos de, 407, 418
factores causales genéticos y alternativas, 285 tratamiento psicológico de la dependencia de,
temperamentales, 178, 181 sexuales, 438
factores causales psicosociales, 176 Identificación con el sexo opuesto, 433 420
social, 174, 179, 181 Imágenes por resonancia magnética, 105 Masoquismo, 436
como conducta aprendida, 176 Imipramina, 574 Medicina,
criterios DSM-IV-TR, 176 Incestos, 445
diagnóstico, 176 madre-hijo, 445 ansiolítica, 580
estudio de un caso, 180, 182 Incidencia, 11 efectos de, 580
factores causales psicosociales y biológicos, Inconsciente, 43 más habitualmente prescrita, 580
176 Indefensión aprendida, 234
factores genéticos y temperamentales, 178, Índice de masa corporal, cálculo, 318 egipcia, 26
181 Inhibidores, islámica, 29
tratamiento, 178, 182 de la monoaminooxidasa, 575 para los enfermos mentales, 39
variables cognitivas, 182 de la reabsorción de la serotonina y la psicotrópica, 165
Médicos
Frigidez. Véase trastorno de en la excitación norepinefrina, 573 islámicos, 29
sexual femenina, selectivos de la reabsorción de la serotonina, romanos, 28
Melancolía, 29
Frustración, 136 573 bases biológicas, 29
Fuga disociativa, 282 Intervenciones en la medicina islámica, 29
perspectivas históricas, 29
estudio de un caso, 282, 284 indicadas, 606 posesión demoníaca, 31
memoria y deficiencias intelectuales, 282 selectivas, 604 Melanesia,
tratamiento, 291 universales, 602 rituales homosexuales, 428
Investigación Mescalina (peyote), 407, 416
Generalización, 15 científica, 32 efectos, 407, 416
Genotipo, 61 con animales, 20 Metaanfetamina, 415
Grupos experimental, 19 efectos, 415
Metacrilato,
de control, 16 caso único, 17 Metadona, 412
diseño de, 20 Microcefalia, 551
Habla observacional, 17 Miedo, 172
desorganizada, 466 Isocarboxidicina, 574 Mirtazapina, 574
dosis y vida media, 574
Hachís, 407 Juego de papeles, 109 Modelado, 585
Hidrocefalia, 551 Monoaminas, 57
Hipertensión, 338 Klonopin. Véase Clonacepam, Morfina, 406, 407
Koro, 91 efectos de, 406, 407
entre los afro-americanos, 338 Muestra, 16
esencial, 338 La esquizofrenia en Croacia, 462 Mutismo selectivo, 532
factores socioculturales, 338 Ley de Megan, 449
vulnerabilidad idiosincrásica, 338 Libido, 68 Narcóticos, 407
Hipocondría, 118, 268 Licantropía, 31 abstinencia física, 411
características, 269 Litio, 252, 578 efectos, 409
estudio de un caso, 269 Locura colectiva, 30
factores causales, 270 Loracepan, 578 Nefazodona, 574
tratamiento, 270 LSD, 407, 416 dosis y vida media, 574
Hipomanía, 18
Hipotálamo, 59 efectos de, 407, 416 Nembutal, 406
Hipótesis, 15 Ludopatía, 418 Neurocirugía, 582
comprobación, 15 Neurolépticos, 490
elaboración, 15 Macrocefalia, 551
de socio genética, 15 Macrófagos inyectables, 572
Hipotiroidismo, 226 para la esquizofrenia, 490
Histeria, 28, 118 activación de las células T, 331 Neurona, 58
Homosexualidad Manías, 216 post sináptica, 58
como una señal de trastorno mental, 429 presináptica, 58
como una variación no patológica, 430 conducta impredecible, 7 Neuropsiquiatría,
con el trastorno de identidad sexual, 432 Neurosis, concepto de, 172
paidofilia, 444 danzarinas, 31 Neurotransmisores, 57
daño cerebral en, 501 definición, 57
definición, 216 desequilibrios, 57
unipolar, 244

 Í N D I C E A N A L Í T I C O

Nicotina, 406 Paresis, factores orgánicos subyacentes, 40 Psiconeuroinmunología, 145, 334
criterios DSM-IV-TR para la adicción, 406 Paroxetina, 574 Psicopatía, 372
dependencia, 406
dosis y vida media, 574 características, 371
Niñez, Paxil, 251 criterios, 384
abuso sexual durante, 440 Peligrosidad, 612 cuadro clínico, 373
conductas sexualmente típicas y atípicas, 432 delictiva versus no delictiva, 376
evaluación de, 613 dos dimensiones, 372
Niños intentos de predecirla, 614 estudio de un caso, 374, 375
efectos del divorcio sobre, 87 internamiento voluntario y, 612 factores causales, 375
terapia de juego, 555 obligación de advertir, 615 prevención, 381
vulnerabilidad especial, 553 Personalidad, 339 tratamientos y resultados, 380
estructura, 68 Psicosis, 462
Nomenclatura cliente-paciente, 5 Personas sin hogar, 610
Noradrenalina, 144 desinstitucionalización y, 609, 610 Psicoterapia, 564, 253
Norepinefrina, 57 Perspectiva evaluación, 589
biopsicosocial, 56, 97 medición del éxito, 567
Obesidad, 318 cognitivo-conductual, 78, 77 objetivación y cuantificación del cambio, 567
definición, 318 conductual, 44 psicodinámicas, 592
estudio de un caso, 321 a partir de Freud, 593, 594
factores biológicos, 318 impacto, 77 evaluación, 592
factores demográficos y conductuales en la existencialista, 69 y diversidad cultural, 598
prevalencia de, 320 humanista, 69 y valores sociales, 597
factores psicosociales, 319 interpersonal, 73
factores socioculturales, 320 psicoanalítica, 41 Psilocibina, 416
perspectiva del aprendizaje, 319 sociocultural, 89 Psiquiatras, 10
prevención, 322 Psiquiátricos, 13
tratamiento, 320 impacto, 95 Purga en la bulimia nerviosa, 317
primeras teorías, 89
Obsesiones, 200 Placas seniles, 509 Reactividad autonómica en las enfermedades
Olanzapina, 491 Placebo, 24, 336, 568 físicas, 343
Plasticidad neuronal, 57
dosis y vida media, 491 Popularidad, 88 Rechazo, 88
para la esquizofrenia, 491 Prácticas sexuales, 427 Recuerdos
Opio, 407 Precursores evolutivos de la esquizofrenia, 479
abuso de, 410 Prejuicio, 94 falsos, 441
Preocupaciones, 197 recuperados, 441
factores causales, 410 beneficios percibidos y funciones positivas,
tratamientos y resultados, 411 en el abuso sexual infantil, 441
efectos, 409 197 en el trastorno de identidad disociativa, 292
formas, 411 excesivas, 198 Recuperación espontánea, 75
Optimismo, 335 y consecuencias negativas, 198 Reforzamiento. Véase también reforzamiento
Orden, preocupación excesiva por, 368 Presenilina, 511
Organización mundial de la salud, 621 1, 511 positivo, 76
Orgasmo, 451 2, 511 economía de fichas, 586
calidad subjetiva del, 451 Prevalencia, 11 utilización sistemática, 585
Orlistat, 321 a lo largo de la vida, 11 positivo, 76
Ovillos neurofibrilares, 509 durante un año, 11 Relaciones
Oxacepam, 578 puntual, 11 madre-hijo, 445
dosis y vida media, 578 Principio maritales, 399
de realidad, 70 objetales, 594
Paidofilia, 444 del placer, 68 terapéuticas, 565
homosexual, 444 Prisiones, como hospitales mentales, 611 Remeron, 574
psicoterapia, 444 Procesos, 68 Reserpina, 39
tratamiento, 444 primarios de pensamiento, 68 Resistencia, 593
secundarios de pensamiento, 68 análisis, 593
Pánico, 172 Profesionales de la salud mental, 9 Retraso
componentes de, 184 Proyección, 71 en la eyaculación, 451, 454
conductas adecuadas y persistencia, 191 Proyecto genoma humano, 343 mental, 546
definición, 183 Prozac, 574
sesgos cognitivos en el mantenimiento de, 191 Psicoanálisis, 41 alteraciones cerebrales, 547
teoría biológica de, 188 freudiano, 593 anormalidades cromosómicas, 547
teoría cognitiva de, 189 fundadores, 42 categorías diagnósticas DSM-IV-TR, 544
teoría comprensiva del aprendizaje, 189 inicios, 42 debido a falta de oxígeno, 548
versus ansiedad, 184 Psicoanalistas, 10 diagnóstico, 546
Psicofarmacología, 569 grave, 547
Parafilias, 432 Psicólogos, 10 leve, 547
autoginefilias, 439 clínicos, 10 malnutrición, 548
categorías DSM-IV-TR, 432 escolares, 10 moderado, 547
en los violadores, 446 orgánica, 548
factores causales tratamientos, 437 patología del cerebro, 547
psicoterapia, 448

www.ablongman.com/butcher12e Índice analítico 

profundo, 547 anomalías cromosómicas en, 549 de conducta, 586, 583
trastornos asociados con, 549 retraso mental en, 548 evaluación, 586
tratamiento, 552 de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA), 333
Risperidona, 491 de Klinefelter, 549 de crisis, a corto plazo, 164
Ritalin, 527 de Tourette, 539 de exposición directa, 165
Ritmos de trisomía 18, 549 de exposición, 584
circadianos, 227 de Turner, 549 de juego, 555
en los trastornos unipolares del estado de Síntomas, 8, 133 de la Gestalt, 591
definición, 8 de manual, 569
ánimo, 227 Sonambulismo, 538
Ritos Sublimación, 71 integradora conductual, 596
Sueño MOR, 227 tradicional conductual, 593
de iniciación del varón, Sambia, 428 Suicidio, 255 electro convulsiva, 580
homosexuales, Melanesia, 428 ambivalencia, 260 bilateral y unilateral, 581
Rituales, cuadro clínico y pauta causal, 255 estudio de un caso, 582
cognitivos, 201 derecho, 256 para los trastornos del estado de ánimo, 251
compulsivos, 203 en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, 256 existencial, 591
en niños, 256 familiar, 254, 595
en el trastorno de personalidad obsesivo- factores causales biológicos, 258 de sistemas, 596
compulsivo, 201 factores psicosociales, 257 estructural, 596
factores socioculturales, 259 para la esquizofrenia, 492
de limpieza, 201 grupos de alto riesgo, 262 para los niños, 554
motrices compulsivos, 201 incidencia, 259 humanista, 590
intento frente a consecución, 255 interpersonal, 254, 594
en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, 201 prevalencia, 259 matrimonial, 595
repetitivos, 203 prevención e intervención, 261 Test
Rubéola, 549 riesgo, 256 comprensivo de Rorschach de Exner, 113
Ruta mesocorticolímbica de la dopamina, 394, según la edad, el sexo, y el grupo racial, 259 de inteligencia, 110
signos de alerta entre los estudiantes, 257 de personalidad, 112, 111, 115
483 Superyo, 70 en los estudios de casos, 120
Suplementos dietéticos, 519 objetivos, 115
Sadismo, 435 Sustituto del pene, 70 para evaluar la eventual peligrosidad,
en los violadores, 447 proyectivos, 111
Tabúes, ventajas y limitaciones, 120
Salud del incesto, 445 de Rorschach, 112
actitudes y, 335 sexuales, 445 en la evaluación clínica, 110
mental, 9 de supresión de la Dexa-metasona, 225
desafíos de futuro, 622 Taijin Kyofusho, 91, 210 psicológicos, 110
esfuerzos internacionales, 622 Temor interoceptivo, 196 basados en la informática, 111
esfuerzos organizados, 620 Temperamento, 65
Teorías, ventajas y limitaciones, 111
Sambia, 428
prácticas sexuales, 428 cognitiva de Beck, 232 Tics, 538
rituales homosexuales, 428 cognitiva del pánico, 189 compulsivos, 539
de la degeneración, 427 en la niñez, 538
Seconal, 406 de la desesperación en la depresión, 234 faciales, 539
Sedantes, 406 de la indefensión, 234
Tolerancia, 388
abuso, 406 depresión, 234 al estrés, 140
tratamientos y resultados, 411 de las relaciones objetales, 76
del apego, 73 Topiramato, 580
efectos, 406 psicodinámicas, 592 Trabajador social, 10
Semen, 428 Tranilcipromina, 574
Separación, 84 impacto, 73, 74 Transexualidad, 438
Terapeuta, habilidades profesionales, 10
y estrés, 84 Terapia autoginefílica, 439
Serax, 578 con trastorno de identidad sexual, 439
Seroquel, 573 aversiva, 585 hombre a mujer, 439
centrada en el paciente, 590 homosexual, 439
para la esquizofrenia, 573 cognitiva, 588 mujer a hombre, 439
Serotonina, 57, 207 tratamiento, 439
Sertraline, 574 de Beck, 78, 588 Transferencia, 593
para el síndrome de Tourette, 539 análisis, 593
dosis y vida media, 574 para los trastornos de ansiedad, 196 definición, 593
Serzone, 574 cognitivo-conductual, 587 Trastorno,
Sexualidad, 427 evaluación, 589 afectivo estacional, 223
para la anorexia nerviosa, 315 afectivos. Véase trastornos del estado de
factores socioculturales, 427 para la bulimia nerviosa, 316
influencias históricas y culturales, 427 para la esquizofrenia, 494 ánimo
investigación, conductual racional emotiva, 587 amnésicos, 515
SIDA. Véase síndrome de inmunodeficiencia bipolar, 216

adquirida, 333 características, 243
Sífilis, 40

análisis de sangre, 40
del cerebro, 40
Sildenalfil (Viagra), 453
Síndrome, 8
de alcohol fetal, 392
de Down, 548

 Í N D I C E A N A L Í T I C O estudio de un caso, 526 factores causales, 359
factores causales, 527 histriónico, 360
con una pauta estacional, 243 más allá de la adolescencia, 528
factores causales biológicos, 245 subtipos el DSM-IV-TR, 526 características, 358, 360
factores causales psicosociales, 247 tipo hiperactivo/impulsivo, 527 factores causales, 361
factores socioculturales, 248 tipo predominantemente desatento, 526 límite, 363
tipo I, 243 tratamiento y resultados, 527 características, 363
tipo II, 243 de identidad disociativa, 283 comorbilidad, 364
tratamientos resultados, 251 diagnóstico, 284 factores causales, 364
de adaptación, 146, 219 entre las víctimas de abuso sexual infantil, narcisista, 361
características, 220 características, 358
con un estado de ánimo deprimido, 220 290 factores causales, 362
de amnesia por uso del alcohol, 394 estudio de un caso, 284 paranoide, 357
de ansiedad, 194 estudios experimentales, 286 diagnóstico, 357
durante la niñez y la adolescencia, 531 factores causales socioculturales, 291 factores causales, 358
factores causales y controversia acerca del pasivo-agresivo, 368
factores causales, 533 características, 368
tratamientos y resultados de, 533 tema, 287 por evitación, 365
en los niños, 531 naturaleza de las otras personalidades, 285 características, 365
factores causales, 533 prevalencia, 285 de somatización, 271
generalizado, 194, 200 recuerdos recuperados, 289 características, 271
características de, 196 tratamiento, 291 demografía, comorbilidad, y evolución, 271
comorbilidad, 196 de la excitación sexual femenina, 454 estudio de un caso, 271
estudio de un caso, 195 conducta de oposición desafiante, 528 factores causales, 272
prevalencia, 195 hiperactividad con déficit de atención, 526 tratamiento, 272
por separación, 531 de oposición desafiante, 528 del deseo sexual, 452
social. Véase fobia social el cuadro clínico, 529 del estado de ánimo, 216
de Asperger, 539 factores causales, 530 ansiedad y, 173
de aversión sexual, 452 tratamientos y resultados, 530 bipolar, 241
de carácter. Véase trastornos de personalidad, de pánico, 183 diagnóstico de características de, 243
de conducta, 529 antidepresivos, 574 factores causales en, 245
ciclo de auto perpetuación, 529 comorbilidad, 186 definición, 216
cuadros clínicos, 529 con agorafobia, 183 diagnóstico y características de, 217
edad de aparición y vínculos con el diferencias sexuales, 185 efectos interpersonales, 235
trastorno de personalidad antisocial, edad de aparición, 185 esquizoafectivo, 244
529 factores causales biológicos, 187 factores socioculturales, 249
tratamientos y resultados, 530 factores causales conductuales y cognitivos, prevalencia, 217
de conversión, 273 unipolar, 218, 224
aspectos diagnósticos, 273 189 diagnóstico de características del, 218
circunstancias precipitantes, escape, y momento del primer ataque, 186 diferencias sexuales, 236
beneficios secundarios, 274 prevalencia, 195 factores causales en, 224
como un trastorno disociativo, 293 teorías, 189 depresivo mayor, 220
disminución de la prevalencia y terapia cognitivo-conductual, 192-193 características, 220, 221
características demográficas, 274 tratamiento, 192 crónico, 223
estudio de un caso, 274 versus ansiedad, 184 recurrente, 223
perspectivas históricas, 274 de personalidad antisocial, 363 síntomas cognitivos, motivacionales, y
síntomas motrices, 275 asociada con el trastorno de personalidad biológicos, 221
síntomas sensoriales, 275 subtipos, 222
tratamiento, 276 límite, 363 medios a moderados, 219
versus auténticos trastornos orgánicos, 275 características, 358 disociativos, 279
versus trastornos ficticios y criterios diagnósticos DSM-IV-TR, 363 características, 279
malintencionados, 276 cuadro clínico, 363 factores causales socioculturales, 280
de defectos imaginarios. Véase trastorno de factores, 368 eréctil del varón, 452
dimorfismo corporal, factores causales en el, 369 específicos de una cultura, 90
de despersonalización, 280 prevalencia, 358 esquizoafectivo, 470
tratamientos, 291 tratamientos y resultados, 369 esquizofreniforme, 470
de dimorfismo corporal, 277 de personalidad evolutivos persistentes, 539
estudio de un caso, 278 dependiente, 366 hipoactivo del deseo sexual, 451
prevalencia, sexo, y edad de aparición, 278 mentales. Véase también conducta patológica
trastornos de alimentación, 278 características, 366 actitudes del siglo XX, 36
tratamiento, 279 diagnóstico, 366 bases psicológicas, 41
de dolor, 272 factores causales, 367 búsqueda de medicinas, 39
características, 272 depresiva, 368 clasificación de, 41
prevalencia, 272 características, 368 clasificación de Hipócrates, 27
sexual, 451 esquizoide, 359 definición DSM-4, 6
tratamiento, 273 características, 358
de hiperactividad con déficit de atención, 526 factores causales, 359
esquizotípico, 359
características, 358

www.ablongman.com/butcher12e Índice analítico 

estigma, 5 Tratamientos, 22 dosis y vida media, 574
incidencia, 11 combinados, 570 para los trastornos del estado de ánimo,
perspectivas durante el siglo XIX, 36 derecho a rechazarlo, 613
perspectivas históricas, 26 derecho al mismo, 613 574
prevalencia a lo largo de un año, 11 empíricamente validados, 568 Veronal, 406
primeros conceptos filosóficos, 27 en los primeros psiquiátricos, 33 Viagra, 453
primeros tratamientos, 39 farmacológico, 569
tratamiento, 12 razones para buscarlo, 564 para trastorno de excitación sexual femenina,
obsesivo-compulsivo, 200 relaciones terapéuticas, 565 454
características de, 202
estudio de un caso, 201, 208 Traumas, 548 para trastorno eréctil del varón, 453
exposición y restricción de la respuesta, 209 de guerra, 155 Víctimas,
factores causales, 203 del combate, 155
biológicos, 206 efectos biológicos, 143 de torturas, 160
en el combate militar, 155 de una crisis, 166
psicosociales y, 203 en la violación, 153 VIH. Véase síndrome de inmunodeficiencia
pautas de conducta cognitivas y motrices, infantiles, 84
psicológicos adquirida, 333
201 entre las víctimas de torturas, 160 Violación, 445
prevalencia y edad de aparición, 202
tics, 538 Traumatismo craneal, 518 afrontamiento, 153
tratamiento, 208 amnesia causada por, 515 asesoramiento a las víctimas, 154
orgásmico, 455 causas, 447
femenino, 455 Travestismo, 433 efectos a largo plazo, 154
masculino, 455 Trazodona, 574 motivación, 446
por adicción. Véase adicción; trastornos Tríada cognitiva negativa, 233 parafilias, 446
Trimipramina, 574 prevalencia, 446
específicos, Trisomía 21, 549 secuelas, 446
por atracones, 317 tratamiento, 448
Vaginismo, 451 trauma, 153
dietas y, 317 Validez, sistema de clasificación, 124 Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, 333
en la bulimia nerviosa, 317 Valium, 407, 578 demencia, 513
psicótico, 471 estilo de vida y, 334
breve, 471 efectos, 407 estrés y, 335
compartido, 471 Valores sociales, 597 Voyeurismo, 445
relacionados con sustancias. Véase también Variables Vulnerabilidad,
de los niños, 525
abuso del alcohol; abuso de las drogas; correlacionadas, 18 genética, 59, 395
temas sin resolver dependientes, 18 situar a los niños en riesgo de problemas
somatoformes, 268 independientes, 18
características, 269 manipuladas, 18 emocionales, 553
formas, 268 psicofisiológicas, 14
prevalencia, 268 Variantes sexuales, 426 Ziprasidona, 491
universales, 90 Venlafaxine, 251, 274 dosis y vida media, 491

Zoloft, 251
Zyprexa, 491