Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire - 667 pages.

630 Index ports 383 prefect of the city 448–449, 473, provinces of the Roman Empire
Portunus 245, 445 496 457–458
and battle of Alexandria 15 Portus Augusti 402
and Brutus, Marcus Junius 82 Portus Romanus 402 prefect of engineering 449 Prudentius 70, 325, 459
and Burebista 83 posca 216 prefect of the Praetorian Guard 17, psalterium vetus 282
and Caesar, Julius 87, 122, 188, post meridiem 543 Pseudo-Cynics 162
Postumus, Marcus Cassianus 122, 175, 199, 341, 447, 448, Psychomachia (Prudentius) 459
231, 269–270, 307, 330, 355, 449–450, 451 Ptoleimais 459
356, 377, 425, 442, 530, 556 Latinius 51, 125, 229, 233, 299, prefect of the watch 450 Ptolemy 459
and Cappadocia 93 445 presbyteroi 112 Ptolemy, Claudius 52, 356, 459
and Cato Uticensis 102 Potamon of Alexandria 445 Priapea 28 Ptolemy XI Auletes 372
and Cicero 117 potestas 4 Priapus 245, 452 Ptolemy XII Auletes 23, 191, 224,
and Cilicia 523 Pothinus 445 pridie 90
and Cleopatra 127 pozzolana 194 priesthood 452, 468, 498 459–460
and Clodius Pulcher 129, 442 praecones 28 priests 55–56, 112, 213–214, 303, Ptolemy XIII 2, 13, 15, 87, 122, 127,
and Commagene 139 praefecti 7 443, 468, 484
and Crassus 99, 155–156 praefecti aerarii 7, 134 primicerius notariorum 286, 393 445, 460
and Crassus, Marcus Licinius praefectus annonae 14, 19, 159 Primigenia (legion) 313–314 Ptolemy XI Lathyrus 459
87, 155–156, 231, 556 praefectus castrorum 308 primi ordines 308 Ptolemy XIV 127, 460
and Figulus, Nigidius 211 praefectus civitatum 392 Primus, Marcus Antonius 73, 121, publicani 445
and Gabinius, Aulus 224, 318 praefectus fabrum 449 181, 214, 223, 452, 507–508 public offense 305
and Illyricum 270 praefectus praetorio 446 primus pilus 308 public slaves 508
and Jerusalem 283 praefectus praetorio praesens 141 princeps 55, 452 pudicitia, De (Tertullian) 528
and Juba I 287, 395 praefectus urbi 446, 448–449, 473 princeps iuventutis 61, 88, 452–453 Pulcheria, Aelia 20, 56, 107, 201,
and Labienus, Titus 299 praefectus vehiculorum 161 princeps posterior 308
legions of 307 praefectus vigilum 450, 582 princeps prior 308 346, 460, 534, 600
and Metellus Scipio 367 praelectio 190 princeps senatus 60, 453, 495 Pulchra, Claudia 8, 460
and Milo, Titus Annius 369 praemia militiae 309 principales 74, 179, 448 Punica (Silius Italicus) 506
and Petreius, Marcus 423 praenomen 168 principia 309 Punic Wars 306, 402, 457, 503, 511
and Pharnaces 425 Praeparatio Evangelica (Eusebius) Prisca and Maximilla 453 punishments 304, 305, 467
and piracy 431 203 Priscillian 354, 361, 453 Pupienus 30, 51, 66, 132, 246, 448,
and Ptolemy XII Auletes praepositus sacri cubiculi 141, 159, Priscus (designer of siege engines)
459–460 445, 445 453 460–461, 496
and Samaria 486 praescriptione hereticorum, De Priscus (historian) 453 Puteoli 402, 461
and Scipio, Metellus 492 (Tertullian) 528 Priscus (officer of legions in Britain) Pylades 461, 531
sons of 440–441 praesul 484 453 Pythagoras 211
and Sulla 441 Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius 446 Priscus (philosopher) 453 Pythagorian philosophy 385
and Syria 519 praetor 7, 211, 303, 304, 306, 446 Priscus, Attius 42, 454
and Temple of Jerusalem 526 Praetorian Guard 199, 446–448 See Priscus, Clutorius 453–454 Q
and Tigranes I 542 also prefect of the Praetorian Priscus, Gaius Julius 426, 454
and Varro 568 Guard Priscus, Javolenus 454 Quadi 36, 98, 223, 277, 348, 462,
wives of 153, 289, 367, 442 Augustus and 60, 185, 446, 447 Priscus, Junius 454 565
Pomponius, Sextus 442 Claudius and 185, 447 Priscus, Lucius Neratius 454
Pomponius Proculus, Titus 442 Constantine and 143, 180, 341, Priscus, Statius 454, 563 quadrans 133
Pomponius Secundus, Publius private offense 305 Quadratus, Asinius 462
442–443 447, 448, 449–450, 492 private slaves 508 quadrivium 190
pondus 592 Didius Julianus and 101, 158, probatio 199 quaester sacri palati 143
Pons Aelius 477 Probus, Marcus Aurelius 51, 98, quaestio 462
Pons Aemilius 473 174, 447, 500, 517 215, 448, 454–455 quaestiones 198, 304, 446, 462
Pons Agrippae 477 Diocletian and 341, 342, 447, Probus, Marcus Valerius 455 Quaestiones (Papinian) 412
Pons Aurelius Antoninus 477 Probus, Petronius 455, 564 quaestio perpetua 462
Pons Cestius 473 448 Proclus 385, 455 quaestor 7, 211, 462–463
Pons Fabricius 473 donativum paid to 185 proconsul 49, 76, 273, 446, 455 quaestor provinciales 463
Pons Neronis 477 Galba and 51, 226, 447 Procopius 31, 455, 567 quaestor sacri palati 141, 463
Pons Probi 477 history of 446–448 Proculeans 455 quaestor urbani 463
Pons Sublicius 194, 473 Maxentius and 358, 447, 448 Proculeius, Gaius 455 Quietus, Lusius 104, 289, 357, 375,
Pont du Gard 29, 29, 384 military camp of 100–101 Proculus 456
Pontes longi 183 Nero and 447, 512 Proculus, Licinius 73, 104, 212, 463
Pontifex Maximus 56, 169, 443, Nerva and 388, 447 456 Quietus, Titus Fulvius Junius 67,
452, 468, 576 organization of 448 Proculus, Volusius 433, 456
pontiff 415 Otho and 73, 447 procurator 49, 392, 445, 448, 456 337, 463
Pontifices 55, 443, 452 Pertinax and 421, 447 Prohaeresius 456 quinarius 133, 463
Pontius Pilate 288, 443, 486 Severus, Septimius and 447, promulsio 216 quindecimviri sacris faciundis 55,
Pontus 50, 77, 94, 137, 438, 443 Propertius, Sextus 28, 323, 456
Poppaea, Sabina 11, 56, 158, 388, 500 prophecy 504 161, 452, 463, 504
397, 403, 444 Speculatores in 54, 171, 221, Pro S. Athanasio (Lucifer) 331 quingenaria 310
population growth 474–475 proscription 456–457 quinquennales 377
populi auctoritate 4 512 Proserpina 245, 320, 437 quinquereme 504
populus Romanus 509 Tiberius and 185, 447 Prosper 457 quinta et vicesima manicipiorum 524
Porcia 83, 183, 444 Titus and 447, 512 protectores 457 Quintianus, Afranius 140, 433, 463
Porcius Latro, Marcus 444 Vitellius, Aulus and 101, 447, protectores et domestici See domestici, Quintilian 55, 69, 70, 170, 190, 324,
Porfyrius, Publilius Optatianus protectores
444 587 Protoevangelium (James) 281 463
Porphyry 18, 385, 437, 444 praetorium 195, 309 Protrepticus (Clement) 126 Quintilii brothers 463–464
portorium 445 praetor peregrini 280, 419 Quintillus, Marcus Aurelius
praetor peregrinos 446
praetor urbanus 446 Claudius 61, 464
prandium 215, 216 Quintus of Smyrna 464
Prasutagus 78, 79, 103, 448 Quirinal Hill 260, 473
Quirinius, Publius Sulpicius 157,

335, 464
Quirinus 213, 245, 464, 484
quirites 464
Quodvultdeus 464

Index 631

R Rhoemetalces I 72, 155, 328, 470, Sabinus, Quintus Titurius 5, 17, Saxons 80, 491
471, 536–537 189, 483 Scaevinus, Flavius 382, 433,
Rabirius 45, 465
Radagaisus 438, 465, 514 Ricimer, Flavius 471 Sabinus, Titus Flavius 232, 483 491–492
Radamistus of Iberia 372, 424, 465, and Aegidius 6 Sabis 484 Scalae Gemoniae 237–238
and Anthemius 20, 471 Sabratha 484 scale 593
544, 561 and Arvandus 48 sacellum 309 Scapula, Publius Ostorius 78, 79,
Raetia 187, 465–466 and Avitus 64, 471 sacra 4
Rapax (legion) 313 and Gundobad 249 Sacramentis, De (Theodore) 533 131, 269, 492
The Rape of Prosperpina (Claudian) and Libius Severus 320, 471 sacramentum 484 Scapula, Q. Ostorius 322, 447, 449,
and Majorian 344, 433, 471 sacrarium 68
124 and Marcellinus 342, 345, 471 Sacred Teachings (Aristides) 37 492
rastra 207 and Merobaudes, Flavius 365 Sacred Way 33 Scaurus, Mamercus Aemilius 22, 34,
rationales summarum 212 and Olybrius 398 sacrificati 300
rationalis 192, 212, 466 sacrifices 169, 170, 216, 332–333, 82, 492, 531
rationibus 134, 466 Ricomer 471 Scaurus, Q. Terentius 492
Raurici 56, 466 roads 161, 195, 231, 322, 329, 337, 352, 406, 463 Scholae Palatinae 176, 180, 492
Ravenna 176, 243, 264, 466 Sacrovir, Julius 6, 57, 215, 229, 484, schola labri 71
Ravenna-Aquileia (classis) 383 471–472, 551, 577–580, 579 scholastic Christian philosophy 428,
Ravenna Cosmography 279 Robigus 213, 245, 472 506, 553
razors 421 Roles 472 sacrum aerarium 212 429
Reburrus, T. Crispus 38, 384, 466 Roma 245, 472 sacrum consistorium 141 School Master General 395
rebus, agentes in 466–467 Roman Antiquities (Dionysius) 178 Sadducees 425, 484 schools 190
Rebus Bellicis, De 467 Romanitas 121, 194, 195 sagum 546 Scipio, Metellus 88, 123, 395, 492,
recitationes 470 Roman Questions (Plutarch) 437 Salacia 484
recognitio 199 Romanus 472 Salii 484 530
Re Coquinaria, De (Apicius) 27, 215 Rome 277, 472–479, 474, 476, 478 Salinator, Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Scipio Aemilianus 97, 262
Rectus 467 Scipio Africanus 9, 420
Rectus, Aemilius 467 geography of 473 484–485 “Scourge of God” See Attila
Reditu Suo, De (Namatianus) 381 governance of 473–474 Sallust 19, 236, 485 scribae 28
Red Sea 467 history of 475–479 Sallustius Crispus, Gaius 485 Scribonia 58, 321, 326, 492
Refutations of All Heresies living conditions in 474–475 Sallustius Passienus Crispus, Gaius Scribonianus, M. Furius 124
Romulus Augustulus 386, 398, Scribonii brothers 152, 492–493
(Hippolytus) 90, 261 479 485 scrinii 146, 341, 493
Regalianus 62, 233, 467 rostra 44 Salluvii 485 Scriptores Historiae Augustae 2, 66,
regibus apostacis, De (Lucifer) 331 Round Temple of Cybele 161 Salome Alexandra 37, 267
regiones 473 Roxolani 165, 167, 479 Salona 270, 485 125, 173, 186, 212, 233, 296,
Regularum liber singularum (Ulpian) Rubellius Plautus 91, 480 Salonina 486 325, 493
Rubicon 480 Saloninus 233, 445, 486 scutarii 287, 493
561 Rubra Saxa 480 Salutatio 271, 486, 500, 510 scutum 307–308
Regulus, Publius Memmius 328, ruderatio 195 Salvianus 486 Scythia 493
rudus 195 Samaria 486 Scythians 77, 171, 173
467, 555 Rufina, Pomponia 480 Samos 486 Scythica (Dexippus) 173, 325
relegatio 467 Rufinus, Flavius 32, 204, 480, 514, Samosata 486 Scythica (legion) 311
religion 60, 238, 344–345, 443, 452, 523 sandals 130 sea transportation 551–552 See also
Rufinus, Vulcacius 480 Santones 486–487 ships
467–468 See also Christianity; Rufinus of Aquileia, Tyrannius 480 Saoterus 487 sea travel 382–383
Imperial Cult; specific god Rufus, Bassaeus 480 Saphrax 5, 402 Sebastian 5
Remedia amoris (Ovid) 404 Rufus, C. Valgius 480 Saracens 487 Sebastianus 493–494
Remigius 469 Rufus, Cluvius 480–481 Saragossa, Council of 453 Second Apology (Justin) 295
re militari, De (Frontinus) 221 Rufus, Faenius 387, 433, 481, 541 Sardanapalus 487 Second Triumvirate See Triumvirate,
re militari, De (Paternus) 414 Rufus, Gaius Musonius 103, 172, Sardica, Council of 35, 265, 378 Second
re militari, De (Vegetius) 307 481 Sardinia 154, 487 secretaries 393, 493
Remistus 469 Rufus, Quintus Curtius 481 Sardis 487 secret service 221, 466–467
Repentinus, Fabius Cornelius 469 Rufus, Verginius See Verginius Sarmatians 12, 76, 77, 98, 268, 479, secunda mensa 216
repetundae 457 Rufus, Lucius Secundus, Pedanius 494
repotia 352 Rugila 77, 266, 344, 481 487–488, 507, 565 Secundus, Petronius 181, 388, 392,
republica, De (Cicero) 117 rugs 222 Sarmizegethusa 167, 170, 488 494
repudium 352 Rusticus, Junius 481 Sassanid dynasty 34, 41, 265, 420, securis 173, 208
Rerum cotidianarum (Gaius) 225 Rutilius Gallicus 82, 239, 481 secutor 244
re rustica, De (Columella) 137 488–489, 503 Segestes 40, 109
rescripta 150, 304 S satire 324, 489–490 Segovia 494
Res Gestae Divi Augustus 42, 61, Satires (Horace) 264 Seine 494
469–470 Sabellianism 179, 482 Saturnalia 490, 491 Sejanus, Lucius Aelius 494–495
responsa 304 Sabina, Vibia 54, 250, 356, 482, 516 Saturnalia (Macrobius) 339, 499 and acta Senatus 3
Responsa (Papinian) 412 Sabinians 482 Saturnalicus princeps 490 and Agrippina the Elder 11
res privata 138, 207, 212, 470 Sabinus, Caelius 482 Saturninus, Aemilius 434, 490 and Antonia 23
Res Rusticae (Varro) 568 Sabinus, Cornelius 106, 482 Saturninus, Aponius 490 and Asinius Gallus 50
Restitutor Orbis 62 Sabinus, Flavius 105, 290, 482–483, Saturninus, Gnaeus Sentius 490 and Blaesus, Quintus Junius 76
resurrectione carnis, De (Tertullian) Saturninus, Julius 454, 490 and Bruttidius Niger 82
528 588 Saturninus, Lucius Antoninus 181, and Castra Praetoria 100–101,
retiarii 244 Sabinus, Julius 121, 419, 483
Rheims 228, 470 Sabinus, Masurius 295, 482, 483 360, 375, 490 447, 494, 540
Rhemi 470 Sabinus, Nymphidius 226, 483 Saturninus Dogmatius, Gaius and Cordus, Aulus Cremutius
Rhescuporis of Thrace 78, 470, 536 Sabinus, Oppius 165, 169, 483
rhetoric 470 Sabinus, Poppaeus 337, 373, 467, Caelius 491 152
Rhetorica (Cicero) 117 Saturninus Secundus, Salutius and Drusus (son of Germanicus)
Rhine 470–471 483
Rhodes 49, 471 Sabinus, Publius 483 490–491 187
Saturnus 245, 490, 491 and Drusus (son of Tiberius)
Satyricon (Petronius) 303, 324, 423
sauces 216 187, 494
and Gallio, Junius 233

632 Index Servius 499 and Senate 502 solarium 543
Servius Tullius 306, 473 wife of 67 soldiers 57 See also legions
and Junius Otho 293 sesquiplex stipendum 448 Sextus Caesar 118, 503
and Laco, Graecinus 299 sestertius 62, 81, 133, 499, 499 Shapur I 488, 503 clothing for 130
and Lentulus Gaetulicus Severa, Aurelia 499 and Antioch 21 footwear for 130
Severan Dynasty 605 See also and Armenia 94, 544 pay of 309
314–315 and Bactria 65 solea 130
and Lepida, Aemilia 316–317 Caracalla; Elagabalus; Severus, and Ballista 67, 337 Solea ferrae 551
and Livilla 327 Septimius; Severus Alexander and Cappadocia 94 Solea sparta 551
and Macro 338 Severianus, P. Aleius 499 father of 39, 503 Solemnitate Paschali, De (Eusebius)
and Nero, Julius Caesar 388 Severus (architect) 103, 245 and Gordian III 246 203
and Terentius, Marcus 527 Severus (prefect of Egypt) 499 and Manichaeism 344 solidus 132, 133, 510
and Tiberius 17, 44, 100, 338, Severus, Valerius 356 and Odaenath 398, 503 Solinus, Gaius Julius 510
Severus II 359, 499–500 and Syria 94, 520 Sol Invictus 62, 371, 468, 510–511
449, 494–495, 540 Severus, Lucius Catilius 500 and Valerian 65, 67, 190, 232, solium 222
and Trio, Fulcinius 555 Severus, Septimius 477, 500, soothsayers 361, 511
wife of 27 500–502, 501 503, 566 Sopater 1, 511
Seleucia 20, 159, 335, 495 and Africa 8 Shapur II 287, 292, 488, 503 Sophistry 511
Seleucia, Council of 35, 260 and Alexandria 13 Shapur III 488, 503 Soranus 511
Seleucid dynasty 39, 413, 519 and Antioch 21 shield 307–308 Soranus, Barea 103, 511
sella 222 and Anullinus, Publius ships 168, 321, 382–383, 503–504, Sororia 511
sella curculis 151 Sosigenes 52, 512
Semi-Arians 36, 53 Cornelius 26 504, 552 Sosius, Gaius 512
semis 133 and architecture 46 shoes 130 Sozomen, Salmaninius Hermias 512
Senaculum 495 and art 43 Sibyl 504 Spado 187
Senate 495–496, 509 and Bacchus 65 Sibylline Books 27, 361, 369, 460, Spain See Hispania
and Achaea 2 in battle of Cyzicus 164 Spanish War (Caesar) 262, 377
and acta 3 and Britannia 80, 329, 339, 463, 504, 511 Sparta 512
adlectio and 4 Sicilia 505 Spartacus 155, 243, 441
and aerarium 7 502 Sicily (Augustus) 61 spas 28
Antoninus Pius and 24 and Caledonians 89, 502 Sidonius Apollinaris 48, 505 Speculatores 54, 171, 221, 512
Augustus and 49, 58, 60, 228, and Candidus, Tiberius Aurelius siege engines 453 speechmaking 470
Silana, Junia 91, 180, 505 Spelunca 494, 512
495, 509 92 Silanus, D. Junius Torquatus 252, spherical trigonometry 356
Caesar, Julius and 122 and Christianity 111 spies 221
Caracalla and 94 and Cilo, Lucius Fabius 119 505 Spiritu Sancto, De (Theodore) 533
Claudius and 124 and Clodius Albinus 128–129, Silanus, Lucius Junius 198, 397, 505 Split 46, 176, 512, 513
against colonization 135 Silanus, M. Junius 505–506 spolia opima 156
and constitutiones 150 300, 334, 500 silavi See slavery sportula 486, 510
Gaius Caligula and 225 coinage of 132 silex 195 Sporus 388, 513
immunitas granted by 271 and Ctesiphon 159, 500 siliqua 133, 506 S.P.Q.R. 513
imperium maius granted by 273 and Didius Julianus 174 Silius, Gaius (consul-designate) Spurinna 513
and law 304 and Egypt 192 Spurinna, Titus Vestricius 233, 239,
meeting house of 160 and Hatra 252 301, 367, 435, 505, 506 403, 433, 513
and monetary affairs 211–212 and Juvenalis 296 Silius, Gaius (consul in 13 C.E.) 6, srategos 537
in municipal towns 170 and Laetus 299–300 Stabiae 513–514
Nero and 387 legions of 311 506 Stabian Baths 70
Nerva and 388 and Lepcis Magna 316 Silius, Publius 8, 91 Stadiasmus Maris Magni 420
Severus Alexander and 502 ludi held by 333 Silius Italicus, Tiberius Catius stadium 593
Tiberius and 3, 539 and Macrinus, Veturius 338 Stairs of Sighs 237–238
Trajan and 548 and Nisibis 392 Asconius 506 statera 593
Women’s 495 and Numidia 396 silk 109, 129 state treasury 7
senatus consultum 4, 131, 304, 409, and Palmyra 408 Silk Route 109, 506 stationes 445
496 and Papinian 412 Silva, Flavius 355, 506 Statius, Publius Papinius 514
Senatus Populusque Romanus 513 and Pescennius Niger 21, 26, Silvae (Statius) 514 Statius Annaeus 514
Seneca 496–497 Silvanus 506 Statius Priscus 48, 514
and Fabianus Papirius 206 276, 334, 389, 391, 422, 500 Silvanus, Aelianus 373–374 statumen 195
on Lentulus, Gnaeus Cornelius and Praetorian Guard 447, 500 Silvanus, Gaius 506 steelyard 593
sons of 94, 241, 500 silver coinage 131, 132, 133 See stenographers 393
314 and Syria 519 Stephanus 27, 181, 413, 514
on Library of Alexandria 15 wife of 290, 429, 500 also specific coin Stephanus (Pope Stephen I) 514
and Nero 3, 11, 19, 324, 387, Severus, Sextus Julius 67, 502 similia similibus 340 Stilicho, Flavius 514–515
Severus, Sulpicius 502 Similis, S. Sulpicius 123, 506 and Alaric 12, 264, 438, 465,
416, 496–497 Severus Alexander, Marcus Aurelius Sinope 507, 552
physician of 514 502–503 sinus 546 514–515, 573, 586
wife of 416 and Alamanni 12 siphons 29 and Arcadius, Flavius 32, 514
Seneca the Elder 387, 497 and architecture 46 Siraci 507 and Claudian 123, 124
Senecio, Claudius 498 and Ardashir I 34 Sirmium 86, 507 and Eutropius 204, 480
Senecio, Herennius 498 assassination of 51, 503 Sitas 173, 507 and Gildo 242, 514
Senecio, Sosius 498 and Baiae 66 situ orbis, De (Mela) 364 and Honorius 124, 200, 264,
Sentius, Gnaeus 498 coinage of 132 69 C.E. 507–508
Septemviri 55, 452, 498 and consilium 141 slavery 207, 273–274, 301, 318, 514–515
Sequani 340, 494, 498 and Elagabalus 193, 502 and Radagaisus 465
Serapis 468, 498 and Goths 247 319, 508–509, 510 and Rufinus, Flavius 480, 514
Serena 498, 514 and Isauria 276 Small Baths 72 son of 200
sermo cotidianus 303 and Maximinus I Thrax 360 Smyrna 196, 437, 487, 509
Servianus, Julius 7, 104, 251, mother of 56 Snake Path 354
484–485, 499 and Persians 488 soccus 130
servi publici 508 social classes 509–510 See also

Patricians; Plebeians
Socrates 510

Index 633

wife of 498 Sulpicianus, Titus Flavius 101, 174, on maiestas 343 Temples of Minerva 527
stipendium 515, 524, 554 517 on Maternas, Curiatius 355 Tenth Legion 527
stoa 68 on Metellus Celer 367 tepidarium 71
Stoicism 1, 51–52, 428, 515 See Sulpicius Asper 517 on Mucianus, Gaius Licinius Terentia 118, 339, 527
summa crusta 195 Terentius, Marcus 527
also specific philosopher summer legionary camps 309 376 Tertullian 8, 90, 97, 114, 429,
stola 129 sundial 543 on Petronius 423
stola matronalis 352 sun god 468, 510–511 on Piso, Gaius Calpurnius 431 527–528, 566
stool 222 Sura, Lucius Licinius 517 on Poppaea, Sabina 444 tessellae 583
Strabo 515 Surenas 41, 97, 156, 372, 401, 518 on Primus, Marcus Antonius tessera 528, 532
sword 307 tesserae frumentariae 528
on Archelaus of Cappadocia 32 Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius 17, 452 tesserae nummariae 528
on Armenians 40 on Quintianus, Afranius 463 Testimonio animae, De (Tertullian)
on Druids 186 57, 214, 325, 406, 446, 479, 518 on Silana, Junia 505
on Hannibal 47 sympathetic magic 340 on Suebi 516 528
on Library of Alexandria 15 syncretism 468 on Suetonius Paulinus 517 Tetrarchy 176, 359, 528–529, 606
Strabo, Lucius Seius 515 Synesius of Cyrene 267, 518 on Tiberius 10 Tetricus, Gaius Pius Esuvius 61, 62,
strategiai 537 Synodis, De (Hilary) 260 on Tigellinus 542
Stratonis Turri See Caesarea Synopsis ad Eustathium (Oribasius) on Valens 563 529
Stromateis (Clement) 126 on Verulamium 573 Teutoburg Forest 109, 241, 310,
students 190 400 on Vibius Marsus 580
Studiosi (Pliny) 436 Syracuse 518 on Vinius, Titus 585 313, 352, 353, 471, 529, 539, 569
stuprum 353 Syria 20–21, 70, 106, 107, 518–520, on Vitellius, Aulus 587 Teutons 529–530
stylus 594 on Vitellius, Lucius 588 textile production 129
Styx 108, 515 561 wife of 9 Thamugadi 396, 530
suasoria 170 Syria (classis) 383 Tacitus, Marcus Claudius 214–215, Thapsus 8, 9, 88, 123, 441, 530
subsellia 554 Syria Coele 519 522 theater 530–532
Subura 473, 515–516 Syria Phoenice 519 Tamesis 522 Theater of Balbus 92
Suburanus 516 Syrus, Publilius 520 Tapae 181, 522 Theater of Marcellus 92, 119
Suburbicaria 516 Tarasicodissa See Zeno Thebaid (Statius) 514
Suebi 37, 108, 228, 232, 239, 340, T (Tarasicodissa) Themistius 532
347, 462, 516 Tarentum, Treaty of 58, 82, 123, 522 Theodora 252, 532
Suessiones 64, 516 tabellarii 551 tariffs 445 Theodore of Mopsuestia 532–533
Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius tabernae veteres 524 Tarquinius Superbus 504, 511 Theodoret 196, 533
Tranquillus) xii, 324, 516–517 tables 222 Tarsus 523 Theodorus, Flavius Mallius 124,
on Agrippina 10 tabularium 7 Tasciovanus 79, 92, 103
on Augustus 60, 61 Tacfarinas 28, 76, 396, 521 Tatian 523 533
on Balbus, T. Ampius 66 Tacitus, Publius Cornelius xii, 324, Tatianus, Flavius Eutolmius 523 Theodosius I 533–534, 534
on Caesar, Gaius 86 Taurini 83, 230
on Chaerea, Cassius 106 521–522 Taurus, Titus Statilius 449, 523 and Christianity 36, 115
and Clarus, C. Septicius 123 on Achaea 2 taxation 457, 523–524 See also spe- and Cynegius 162
on Colosseum 137 on acta diurna 3 cific tax and Eugenius, Flavius 201,
on Domitian 181 on aedile 6 Caracalla and 95
on Domitius Ahenobarbus, on Anicetus 19 comes sacrarum largitionum and 219–220
on Archelaus 32 and Gildo 242
Gnaeus 182 on Ariobarzanes 36 212 sons of 31–32, 263–264
on Figulus, Nigidius 211 on Armenians 40 curialis and 160 and Stilicho, Flavius 514
on Gaius Caligula 225 on Artabanus III 47 Diocletian and 176, 277 and Tatianus 523
on Golden House of Nero 71, on Asinius Gallus 50 Gaius Caligula and 225 and Themistius 532
on astrology 52 migration and 207 and Visigoths 12, 220, 586
245 on Augusta Vindelicorum 56 tax collectors 524 Theodosius II 534–535
on Icelus 269 on Bassus, Saleius 70 teachers 190 and Aelia Pulcheria 56
on Laco, Cornelius 299 on Batavi 70 tempestiva convivia 244 and Anthemius 20, 32
on Rome 43 on Bedriacum 73, 74 Temple of Apollo 43, 333, 524 and curialis 160
on Titus 171, 545 on Boudicca 78, 80 Temple of Bacchus 65 daughter of 201
on Vespasian 574 on Capri 94 Temple of Castor and Pollux 44, 68, and Ephesus Council 196
on Vitellius, Aulus 244, 587 on Celer, Publius 103 218, 475, 524, 525 and Huns 266
on Vitellius, Publius 588 on Cestus, Gallius 106 Temple of Concord 44, 218, 524 and Latrocinium Council 107
Suetonius Paulinus, Gaius 73, 78, on Chatti 108 Temple of Cybele 161 legal system of 304
79, 104, 186, 387, 517 on Christians 111 Temple of Divus Augustus 44, 475, and Nestorius 389
suffragium 119, 120 on Cotta Messalinius 154 525 sister of 460
sui iuris 4 on delatores 171 Temple of Divus Claudius 525 wife of 201
Suillius Rufus, Publius 517 on Densus, Sempronius Temple of Divus Julius 43, 218, 525 and Zstommas 600
Sulla, Publius Cornelius 173, 517 Temple of Isis 426, 525 Theodosius, Flavius 31, 535
and Athens 53 172–173 Temple of Jerusalem, Great 423, Theological Orations (Gregory) 248
and Caesar, Julius 86, 153 on Domitian 181 525–526, 541, 574 Theonas of Marmarica 390
and Crassus, Marcus Licinius on Drusilla 187 Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus 294, Theon of Smyrna 52, 535
on Flavius 214 333, 526 Theophanes of Mytilene 535
155 on Florus, Gessius 215 Temple of Mars Ultor 43, 353, 353, Theophany (Eusebius) 203
and Equestrians 198 on Florus, Julius 215 475, 526 Theophilus (bishop of Alexandria)
and Mithridates II 41 on Fuscus, Cornelius 223 Temple of Peace 45, 475, 526, 575 99, 163, 201, 285, 406, 407, 535
and Ostia 402 on Galba 227 Temple of Saturn 68, 218, 491, 526 Theophilus (bishop of Antioch) 535
and Pompey the Great 441 on Gallus, Gaius Asinius 234 Temple of Solomon 283 Theotokos 163, 389
and Ptolemy XII Auletes 459 on Germania 240 Temple of Venus-Atargatis 65 thermae See baths
and Stabiae 513 on Golden House of Nero 245 Temple of Vesta 526–527, 575 Thessalonica 46, 85, 227, 535–536
and tribunes 553 on Hermunduri 256 Thessaly 536
Sulpicia 517 on Hibernia 259 Thirty Tyrants 536
on Iberia 268 Thrace 173, 242, 536–537
on Lateranus, Plautius 301, 435 Thraeces 244

634 Index

Thrasea Paetus, Publius Clodius 40, and Praetorian Guard 185, 447 Togodumnus 79, 95, 124, 159 and Sirmium 507
48, 198, 255, 537 and Regulus, Publius Memmius toilet 216–217 sister of 482
toiletries 420 and Sura 517
Thrasyllus 52, 66, 72, 537–538 467 tokens 528 Thamugadi founded by 530
“The Three Cappadocians” 67 and Rhodes 471 Toledo, Council of 453 and Thrace 537
throne 222 and Sejanus, Lucius Aelius 17, Tome of Leo 107, 316, 347, Ulpia Traiana founded by 560
Thugga (Dougga) 538 wife of 436
thurificati 300 44, 100, 338, 449, 494–495, 546–547 Trajan’s Market 337, 550–551
Thysdrus (El Djem) 538 540 Topica (Cicero) 117 Trajanus See Decius, Gaius Messius
Tiber 538 and Senate 3, 539 To Sister Marcellina on Virginity Quintus (Trajanus)
Tiberianus 538 and Silius, Gaius 506 Tranquillina, Furia Sabina 543,
Tiberias 538–539 son of 187–188 (Ambrose) 17 551
Tiberius 539–540, 540 and Thrace 537 trabea 484 transitio ad plebem 415
and Thrasyllus 537–538 Trachalus, P. Galerius 547 transportation 229, 471–472,
and Afer, Gnaeus Domitius 8 treason law of 343 trade and commerce 273, 547–548, 551–552, 577–580, 579
and Agrippina the Elder 10–11 wives of 234, 290, 539, 540 Trapezus 94, 552
and Antioch 21 Tiberius Claudius Nero 326, 539, 548, 549 travecto equitum 199
and Antiochus III 22 540–541 with Britannia 81 treason See maiestas
and Apelles 26 Tiberius Julius Alexander 14, 74, 75, with China 109, 129 treasury 7, 121, 211–212, 212–213,
and Ara Pacis 31 192, 541 with India 273 466, 470
and Archelaus of Cappadocia 32 Tibullus, Albius 324, 541 with Nabataeans 380 Trebellenus, Rufus 552
and architecture 44, 475, 524, tickets 528 with Parthia 414 Trebonianus Gallus, Gaius Vibius 7,
Tigellinus, Gaius Ofonius 541–542 Red Sea and 467 51, 170, 247, 297, 552–553
525 and Capito, Cossutianus 93 roads and 472 Trebonius, Gaius 122, 553
and Armenia 39 and Demetrius the Cynic 172 ships and 503 tresviri epulones 498
and Artabanus III 47 and Nero 387, 449 Silk Route and 506 tresviri republicae constituende 556
and Asinius Gallus 50 and Pisonian Conspiracy 433 with Syria 519 Treveri 105–106, 232, 553, 562
assassination of 51 and Rufus, Faenius 481 trading ships 503, 552, 552 tribulum 208
on astrology 52 and Sabinus, Nymphidius 483 traditors 184 tribune 150, 180, 306, 448,
and Blaesus, Quintus Junius 76 Tigranes I 39, 47, 542 tragedy 531 553–554
and Bructeri 82 Tigranes II 199, 542 Traiana Fortis (legion) 311 tribunicia potestas 60, 61, 553, 554
and Bulla Regia 83 Tigranes III 199–200 training of legions 307–308 tribuni et notarii 393
and Capito, Gaius Ateius 93 Tigranes IV 542 Trajan 548–550, 550, 604 tribunii aerarii 7
and Capri 94, 540, 583 Tigranes V 39, 152, 542 and Aelianus, Casperius 7 tribuni militum 554
and Chaerea, Cassius 106 Tigranocerta 152, 542, 544 and annona 19–20 tribuni plebis 553–554
and Chatti 108 Tigris 542–543 and Antioch 21 tribunus laticlavius 308
and Cherusci 108–109 time 543 and Arabia 30 tribunus plebis 4
and Claudius 124, 151 Timesitheus, Gaius Furius Sabinus and architecture 27, 45, 69, tribute penny 554
and Commagene 139 Aquila 39, 246, 426, 543 tributum 524, 554–555
and consilium 141 Tingis 543 218–219, 475–476, 550 tributum capitis 135, 280, 524, 554,
and Cornutus, Caecilius 154 Tiridates 1, 430, 543 and Armenia 39, 413 555
and Cotta Messalinius 154 Tiridates II 544 and art 42 tributum solis 524, 555
and Dacia 165 Tiridates III 249, 544 and Avidius Nigrinus 63 Trier (Augusta Treverorum) 46, 228,
and delatores 171 Tiridates of Armenia 39, 544 and Bassus, C. Julius Quadratus 240, 555
and Domitius Ahenobarbus, Tiro, Marcus Tullius 118, 544 trigonometry 356
tirocinium fori 190 70 Trinitate, De (Hilary) 260
Gnaeus 183 tirocinium militiae 190 and Beneventum 74 Trio, Fulcinius 171, 321, 555
and Druids 186 Titiana, Flavia 544 and Bithynia 76 Tripoli See Oea
and Drusus the Elder 187, 539 Titius, Marcus 441, 544–545 and Cappadocia 94 Tripolitania 555
and Egypt 191 titulus 595 and Celsus, L. Publius 104 Tristia (Ovid) 404
father of 539, 541 Titus 545 and Christianity 111 tritheism 179
freedmen of 219 and Aquae Cutiliae 29 and correctores 154 triumph 555–556
and Gaius Caligula 225, 540 and architecture 45, 71, 136, and Ctesiphon 159, 543 triumphal arches 32–34
and Gallus, Gaius Asinius 234 245, 475 and curatores 159 Triumvirate, First 87, 231, 556 See
and Germania 239, 539 and Berenice 75 and Dacia 70, 166, 166, 168, also Civil War, First Triumvirate
and Germanicus 241, 539 daughter of 290 and Bibulus, Marcus Calpurnius
and Herod Antipas 257 and delatores 171 169, 488, 517, 522, 550
and Lentulus, Gnaeus Cornelius and Domitia Longina 180 and Doura 186 75
and Domitian 181, 545 and Galatia 226 Conference of Luca and
314 father of 545, 574–575 games provided by 243
and Lentulus Gaetulicus games provided by 243 and Hadrian 250, 548 329–330, 442
and Gischala 242 and Hatra 252 Triumvirate, Second 25, 58, 317,
314–315 and Jerusalem 283–284 legions of 311, 314
and literature 324 and Judaea 288 and literature 324 556–557 See also Civil War,
and Macedonia 337 and Praetorian Guard 447, 512 and Livianus 327 Second Triumvirate; Liberators
and Macro 338 wife of 222 and Mesopotamia 366 and Antonius, Lucius 25
and Marcomanni 348, 352 Tivoli 46, 251, 476, 545–546 and Moors 375 and battle of Philippi 58, 75, 99,
and Messalla Messallinus, toga 130, 546 and Nerva 388, 548
toga candida 546 and Nisibis 392 426–427
Marcus Valerius 72 toga praetexta 130, 151, 446, 546 and Oroses 401 and Cicero 117
and Mithridates 371 toga pura 546 and Ostia 402 and Munatia Aemilia 319
mother of 56, 326, 539 toga sordida 546 and Palma Frontonianus 408 triumviri nocturni 582
palace of 184 togata 530 and Parthia 41, 543, 550 trivium 190
and Pannonia 270, 409–410, toga virilis 86, 130, 190, 546 and Quietus, Lusius 463 Trogus, Pompeius 557
and Raetia 466 trousers 130, 307
539 and Senate 548 Troyes 557
and Piso, Gnaeus Calpurnius and Senecio, Sosius 498
and Servianus, Julius 499
432
and Plancina 434
and praefectus urbi 449

Troyes, battle of See Catalaunian Valens, Flavius Julius 564 Varahran V 568 Index 635
Plain and Arianism 36, 68, 564 Vardanes 568
and Goths 5, 168, 564 Varia Historia (Aelian) 7 and Armenia 39
True History (Lucian) 330 and Modestus, Domitius 373 Varius Rufus, Lucius 568 and art 42
Tubero, Lucius Aelius 19, 557 and Ostrogoths 402, 564 Varonilla 153 on astrology 52
Tubero, Quintus Aelius 557 and Ricomer 471 Varro, Marcus Terentius 51, 52, 56, auctoritas of 55
tubilustrium 484 and Vadomar 563 and Bassus, Saleius 70
Tullia 118, 179 and Victor 581 207, 468, 489, 568–569 and Bedriacum 73, 85
Tullianum, dungeons of 238, 299, and Visigoths 5, 220, 564, 586 Varus, Alfenus 569 and Bolanus, Vettius 77
Varus, Arrius 569 and Brigantes 78, 98
558 Valentinian I 564–565 Varus, Publius Quinctilius 539, 569 and Cappadocia 94
tunica 129 and Arianism 36 and Cassius Longinus, Gaius
tunica picta 484 and Ausonius 63 and Arminius 40, 60, 239, 529,
tunica recta 352 and Maximinus 359 569 100
Tunisia 9, 83 and Merobaudes, Flavius 365 and Cerealis 105
tunnels 194 son of 247 and Chatti 108 and Cilicia 118
Turbo, Quintus Marcius 17, 558 wife of 295 and Cherusci 109, 569 and Civilis, Gaius Julius 121
Turin 558 and Marsi 353 and Clemens, Arrecinus 126
turmae 310 Valentinian II 565 Vasio 569 coinage of 131, 575
Turrantus, Gaius 558 and Arbogast 31, 565 vates 484 and Commagene 139
Turrullius, Publius 558 assassination of 51 Vatican Hill 473, 479, 569–570 and concilia 141
Tuscus, Caecina 558 and Bauto 73 Vatinius 231, 570 concubine of 86
Tutor, Julius 121, 123 and Gratian 247, 565 Vatinius, Publius 319, 570 and Cynics 162, 172
The Twelve Caesars (Suetonius) 324, and Merobaudes, Flavius 365, vegetables 216, 235 daughter of 182
565 Vegetius Renatus, Flavius 307, 570 and Gischala 242
516 vehicles 551 and Helvidius Priscus 255
Twelve Tables 303, 304, 558 Valentinian III 565 Veiento, Fabricius 570 and Jerusalem 283
Two Books Against the Pagans and Heracleus the Eunuch 255, Veii 570 and Judaea 288
565 velaria 136, 383 laws of 318, 319
(Athanasius) 53 and Leo I 315, 565 Velius Longus 570 legions of 311, 312
Tyre 52, 558–559 and Majorian 343 Velleius Paterculus, Gaius xii, 324, and Lycia 335
Tyrrhenian sea 559 mother of 149, 434, 565 328, 570–571 and Mithras cult 371
sister of 263 vellum 595 and Mucianus, Gaius Licinius
U and Vandals 565 venationes 532
wife of 201 veneficia 462 376
Ubii 348, 560 Veneti 232, 571 and Nero 574
Uldin 20, 266, 560 Valentinus 565–566 Venetia 571 and Nerva 388
Ulfila 36, 560 Valeria, Galeria 227, 566 “veni, vidi, vici” 87, 123 and Paetus, Lucius Caesennius
Ulpia Traiana 240, 560 Valerian 566 Ventidius, Publius 405, 571
Ulpian (Domitius Ulpianus) 122, Venus 245, 571 406
and Aemilian 7, 566 Venutius 78, 98 and Praetorian Guard 447
196, 560–561 and Christianity 112, 566 Veranus, Quintus 241, 572 and Primus, Marcus Antoninus
Ulpia Noviomagus 240 and Shapur I 65, 67, 190, 232, verborum significatu, De (Flaccus)
Ulpia Victrix (legion) 314 213 452
ultor 561 503, 566 Vercingetorix 12, 16, 17, 63, 195, and Rhodes 471
umbilicus 595 son of 232 232, 238, 486, 572, 572 sons of 180, 545, 574–575
umbo 195 and Trapezus 552 Vergilius orator an poeta (Florus) and Syria 519
Umbria 561 Valerianus, Publius Licinius 215 and Thrace 537
Ummidius Quadratus 140, 152, 424, Cornelius 566 Verginius Rufus, Lucius 521, 572 and Tiberius Julius Alexander
Valeria Victrix (legion) 313 Verina, Aelia 69, 386, 572–573
561 Valerius Asiaticus, Decimus Verona 440, 573 541
unciae 593 566–567 Versus Fescennini 352, 530 and Vitellius 507–508, 588
undergarments 130 Valerius Maximus 567 Vertumnus 573 vesperna 215, 216
Uni 293–294 Vallum 592 Verulamium 78, 80, 103, 573 Vesta 245, 575–576
uniforms 307, 546 vallus 207–208 Verus, Lucius 23, 573–574 Vestal Virgins 452, 575, 576, 576
United Nations Educational, Vandals 567 and Antoninus Pius 251, 573 and Bona Dea 77
and Alans 12, 567 and Eclectus 189 Caracalla and 157, 299, 499,
Scientific and Cultural and Anthemius 20 and Faustina the Younger 209
Organization 16 and Arianism 36 and Marcomanni 348 576
Universal History (Vibius Maximus) and Aurelian 62 and Marcus Aurelius 349–350, carpentum used by 96, 474
580 and Basiliscus 69 Domitian and 153, 181, 576
urban cohorts 60, 369, 449, 500, and Boniface 77, 100, 567 573 Vesuvius 256, 513, 545, 576
561 and Carthage 98, 567 tutors of 221, 257 veterans 306
Urbicus, Lollius 561 and Eudoxia, Licinia 201, 424 and Vologases III 41, 573 Vetranio 142, 149, 342, 576–577
urbs nova 485 and Gallia 229 wife of 331 Vetus, Lucius Antistius 70, 577
urbs sacra 477 and Hippo 261 Verus, M. Annius 208, 349, 574 vexaillarii 577
urbs vetus 485 and Italia 279 Verus, P. Martius 99, 574 vexillationes 251
Ursicinus 167, 202, 561–562 kings of See Geiseric; Huneric Vespasian 574, 574–575 vexillationes palatinae 310
Usipetes 232, 562 and Leo I (emperor) 315 and Achaea 2 Via Aemilia 577
usus 352 and Leo I (pope) 316 and Agricola, Gnaeus Julius 9 Via Aemilia Scauri 578–580
Utica 8, 562 and Libius Severus 320 and Annius Verus, Marcus 19 Via Annia 577
and Majorian 344 and annona 20 Via Appia 82, 577, 578
V in Marcomannic Wars 348 and Antoninus, Arrius 24 Via Aurelia 577
and Valentinian III 565 and Aquae Cutiliae 29 Via Aurelia Nova 577
Vaballath 563 and Visigoths 567, 587 and architecture 45, 135–136, Via Aurelia Vetus 577
vacarii 175 Varahran I 567 Via Cassia 577
Vadomar 563 Varahran II 568 245, 475, 525, 526, 575 Via Domitiana 577
valarshapat 563 Varahran III 381, 568 viae 195, 472, 577–580, 579
Valens 563 Via Egnatia 337
Valens, Fabius 73, 85, 123, Via Flaminia 578

563–564

636 Index

Via Flaminia Minor 577 Vinius, Titus 226, 269, 584–585 and Samaritans 486 winter legionary camps 309
Via Latina 578 Vipsania 234, 290 and Valens 564 women
Via Minucia 578 vir clarissimus 199 and Varus, Alfenus 569
Via Popillia 578 vir egregius 199 and Vespasian 507–508, 588 clothing for 129, 546
Via Postumia 578 vir eminentissimus 199 Vitellius, Lucius (brother of Emperor footwear for 130
Via Sacra 418, 578 Virgil 28, 207, 323, 339, 340, 499, Vitellius) 588 status of 593–594
Via Salaria 578 Vitellius, Lucius (consul) 125, 588 Women’s Senate 495
viatores 28, 580 585–586 Vitellius, Publius 588 wool 129
Via Traiana 580 Virgo Vestalis Maxima 576 Vitruvius Pollio 44, 194, 588 Worms 83, 594
Via Valeria 580 Virilis, Temple of 586 vivarium 512 writing instruments and materials
Vibius Crispus, Quintus 580 Virinum 392–393 Volcae 588 594–595
Vibius Marsus, Gaius 580 viris illustribus, De (Aurelius) 62 Vologases I 39, 41, 561, 588–589
Vibius Maximus, Gaius 580 Viris Illustribus, De (Nepos) 386 Vologases II 41, 589 X
vicarii 138, 277, 580–581 Viris Illustribus, De (Suetonius) 516 Vologases III 41, 349, 573, 589
vicarii praetectorum praetorio 175 vir perfectissimus 199 Vologases IV 589 Xanthus 596
vicesima hereditatum et legatorum 524 Virunum 586 Vologases V 47, 589 Xanthus River 596
vicesima manumissionis 523 Visigoths 586–587 Volturnus 245, 473, 589 Xenia (Martial) 353
Victor 581 volumen 595 Xenophon 40, 276, 301, 443, 596
Victor, Claudius 581 and Arianism 587 Volusianus, Gaius Vibius Afinius
Victorinus, Aufidius See Aufidius and Huns 8, 587 Gallus Veldumnianus 589 Y
kings of 6, 63 See also Alaric; Volusianus, Rufus 9, 13, 97, 589
Victorianus, Gaius vomitoria 137, 244 Yazdagird I 534, 597
Victorinus, Furius 581 Alavius; Athaulf; Euric; Vonones I 46, 589–590 Yazdagird II 597
Victorinus, Gaius Marius 581 Fritigern; Wallia Vonones II 590 Year of the Four Emperors 507–508
Victorinus, Marcus Piavonius 125, and Namatianus 380 voting rights 119, 120
and Theodosius I 220, 586 votive coins 590 Z
581 and Theodosius II 535 Vulcan 245, 590
Victory 581 and Valens 5, 220, 564, 586 vulgares 508 Zabdas, Septimius 62, 598, 600
Victrix (legion) 312 and Vandals 567, 587 Vulgar Latin 303 Zanticus 598
Vienna (Vienne) 42, 581–582 Vita Caesarum, De (Suetonius) 123, Zealots 283, 286, 288, 354, 598
Vienna (Vindobona) 584 493, 516 W Zela 36, 77, 87, 123, 598–599
vigiles 199, 212, 500, 582 Vitae Caesarum See Scriptores Zeno (king of Armenia) 47, 599
villa 223, 301, 582–583, 583 Historiae Augustae wagons 551–552 Zeno (Tarasicodissa) 599
Villa Jovis 583 Vitalianus, P. Aelius 587 Wallia 149, 567, 587, 591
villa maritima 583 vita Pomponi Secundi, De (Pliny) 436 Wall of Antoninus 24, 78, 79, 140, and Ermanaric 200
villa rustica 582 Vita Pythagorae (Iamblichus) 268 and Leo I 276, 315, 342, 599
Viminal Hill 261, 473, 561 Vitellius, Aulus 587–588 591 and Nepos, Julius 386
Vinalia 294, 583 and architecture 526 Wall of Aurelian 62, 591–592 and Odoacer 398
Vindex, Gaius Julius 583–584 assassination of 51 Wall of Hadrian 78, 79, 80, 89, 386, and Patricius 416
and astrologers 52 and Verina, Aelia 69, 572–573
failure of 229, 584 and Caecina Alienus 85, 587 592, 592 Zeno the Stoic 515, 599
and Galba 6, 226, 584 and civil service 121 walls 323 Zenobia 408, 600
and Nero 387, 583 and Domitian 180 warehouse 216 and Aurelian 16
and Rufus, Verginius 481, 572 and Fuscus, Cornelius 223 warships 503–504, 504 and Firmus 212
and Treveri 553 as glutton 244 water clocks 543 and Heraclianus, Aurelius 255
Vindex, M. Macrinus 584 and Helvetii 254–255 water supply 29, 159, 194, 475 and Longinus, Cassius 329
Vindobona 584 and Otho 16, 73, 233, 403, 433, waxed tablet 594, 595 and Odaenath 398
vineyards 235 507, 587 wax masks 169 son of 563
Vingeanne 584 and Praetorian Guard 101, 447, weapons 307, 308 Zenodotus of Ephesus 15
Vinicianus, Annius 106, 152, 584 587 wedding 352 Zenonis 69, 600
Vinicius, Marcus (consul in 19 and Primus, Marcus Antoninus weights and measures 592–593 Zosimus 38, 73, 98, 212, 600
B.C.E.) 584 73, 121, 452, 588 wheeled vehicles 551 Zstommas, Chrysaphius 347, 460,
Vinicius, Marcus (consul in 30 C.E.) and Sabinus, Flavius 483, 588 wigs 420 535, 600
290, 584 and Sabinus, Publius 483 wine 216