NP-Jan-Jun-2012

vdys k ikrs Fk]s os Hkh vnch tylkas eas vkdj dkQ+h vkRefo'okl ls Hkj tkrs Fks vkjS ?kj ykVS dj lkfgR;
jpuk djrs FkAs os ?kj&ifjokj dh NkVs h nqfu;k ls ckgj fo'kky tuekul ls viuk tqM+ko egllw djus
yxrs Fks vkjS bl vuqHko ls fujra j jkes kfa pr Hkh jgrs FkAs lTtkn t+ghj us viuh fdrkc jkS'kukbZ eas
iyz ls ds lkxa Bfud dkedkt dk] y[s kdkas ij iM+us okys blh ldkjkRed vlj dks ukVs djrs gq, lgh
fy[kk gS % ^,d y[s kd ds fy,&tcfd og fojkès kh ifz rfØ;koknh r+kdrkas ds ?kjs s eas f?kjk gqvk gks
nf` "Vdk.s k eas O;kidrk inS k gkus k vkjS mldk ;g vglkl fd mlds lkFkh] ennxkj vkjS leku fopkj
okys ykxs flQ+Z mldh viuh Hkk"kk ds lhfer nk;js eas ugh]a cfYd n's k ds dkus &s dkus s eas QyS s gq,
g]aS cgqr gh eqQ+hn vkjS fgEer c<+kus okyh pht+ gAS * iyz ls o ixz fr'khy vkna kys u dh xfrfofèk;ka
okLro eas ,d ;qxhu fo{kkHs k dh mit Fkha vkjS u;s lkekftd eYw ; tks Hkh inS k gks jgs Fk]s os lkfgR;
dks ,d:irk eas ugh]a cfYd cgqr vyx&vyx <xa ls iHz kkfor Hkh dj jgs FkAs ;g nf` "Vdk.s k geas fdlh
lqfoèkktud vkjS iow fZ u;kfs tr urhts ij rks igpqa k ldrk gS fd ixz fr'khyrk dos y iyz ls dh
xfrfofèk;kas ls mRiUu gks jgh Fkh vkjS iyz ls ds ckgj tks Hkh lkfgR; y[s ku vkiS pkfjd o vukiS pkfjd
:i eas gks jgk Fkk og de ixz fr'khy gAS lR; brus rjk'ks gq, lkQ+ o lery fu"d"kk±s dh t+ehu
ij ugha jgrk gAS lR; ;g Hkh gS fd ixz fr'khy eYw ;kas ds <js kas vk;ke u;h dfork&dgkuh] vdfork
vkjs lkBkrs jh dforkvkas rd eas gaS vkjS iyz ls tlS s lxa Bukas us bu vk;kekas dks iHz kkfor fd;k gS rks Lo;a
muls 'kfDr Hkh ikz Ir dh gAS blfy, lkfgR; eas iyz ls o ixz fr'khy vkna kys u oLrqr% 20oha lnh dh
fojkV ifjfèk ds Hkhrj ?kfVr lPpkbZ dk vxa gS vkjS mlus blh ,d vxa ds :i eas ijw s lkfgR; o
fpra u ds midj.kkas dk Lo:i r; djus eas ,fs rgkfld Hkfw edk fuHkk;h gAS

eks- ua-9711312374

50 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

loZgkjk laLd`fr ij cgl

vHk; eks;Z

:l dh vDVwcj Økafr ek=k ,sls ^nl fnu* dh Økafr ugha Fkh ftlus nqfu;k dks fgykdj j[k
fn;k FkkA vly esa Økafr us :lh thou ds gj igyw dks >d>ksj fn;k FkkA :lh lkfgR; tks lnk
:lh turk ls tqM+k jgk gS] bl rwQ+ku dh m}sfyr ygjksa ls dSls cpk jg ldrk FkkA Økafr dh xwat
us :lh lkfgR; rks D;k if'peh lkfgfR;d fnXxtksa rd dks viuh yisV esa ys fy;kA jksE;ka jksyka
us rks ;gka rd dg fn;k fd ^lektoknh fopkj muds vanj ?kj dj jgs gSa ;|fi os muds fufgr
fgrksa ds fo#ð gSa] mudh bu fopkjksa ds izfr dksbZ lgkuqHkwfr ugha] os muds futh LokFkks± ds fy, ?kkrd
gSaA eSa buds ckjs esa lkspuk Hkh ugha pkgrk] ij os esjs fny esa ?kqlrs gh tk jgs gSaA*

t+kfgj gS :l esa] fo'ks"kdj :lh lkfgfR;d xfy;kjksa esa Økafr ds dkj.k de vQ+jk&rQ+jh ugha
ephA ctq vZq k lkfgfR;d lyuw kas ls vkruZ kn NVw jgs Fk^µs :l ej jgk g!S egku :lh lLa Ñfr ne rkMs +
jgh gSA* mudh lkfgfR;d if=kdk fLdQbZ esa ^:lh èkjrh dh e`R;q ds ckjs esa nks 'kCn* uked ia¶+ysV
Hkh Ni x;kA

blds ,su foijhr Økafrdkjh turk pkSjkgksa vkSj dwpksa&xfy;ksa esa xk jgh Fkh% ^ge viuk u;k lalkj
cuk;xas tµs ks dy rd u Fkk dNq ] og cu tk;xs k lc dNq A* muds lkFk ljq esa ljq feykdj xk jgs Fkµs
ek;dksoLdh] vkysDlkanj Cyksd] okysjh C;wlkso] fnfe;ku csnubZ vkSj u tkus fdrus dfo vkSj
dgkuhdkjA

,slk ugha fd :lh lekt dk Økafr ds ckn dk fp=k ek=k dkys vkSj lQs+n jaxksa ls luk FkkA vly
esa cgqr gh tfVy Fkh lkfgfR;d txr dh ifjfLFkfr ml le;A cgqr lkjs ,sls bZekunkj lkfgR;dkj Hkh
Fks tks Økafr dh egÙkk dks iwjh rjg le> u ik;s FksA ekfDle xksdhZ rd pdjk x;s FksA fQj djksysUdks]
vysDlsbZ rksyLrks; tSls bZekunkj ij HkVd tkus okys lkfgR;dkjksa dh rks ckr gh D;k djsaA

bèkj 'k=kq [k+ses ds fnXxt yksx pqi ugha cSBs FksA os vpkud pdjk tkus okys dfo;ksa vkSj dFkkdkjksa
dks mdlk jgs FksA nfef=k fefj'kdksoLdh vkSj ftukbnk fxfiml us Økafr dks ^'kSrkuksa dk fonzksg* djkj
fn;kA os O;fDrokn dh vfr'k;rk dks gok nsrs gq, dfo;ksa vkSj dFkkdkjksa dks jgL;okn ds nyny esa
èkdsy jgs FksA muesa ls cgqrsjksa us tSls fd boku cwfuu] ekfj;k fRLork,ok] fjfetkso vkfn us fons'k
iyk;u dh jkg idM+hA

Økafrdkjh [k+ses esa Hkh [+kwc èkekpkSdM+h py jgh FkhA gj dksbZ vius dks ,d nwljs ls T+;knk
Økafrdkjh trkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA Økafrdkfjrk esa ,d nwljs dks ekr nsus dh dksf'k'k dj
jgk FkkA :lh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa ;g nkSj l`tukRed LoPNanrk dh n`f"V ls ekuks ijkdk"Bk ij
igaqp x;kA bl i`"BHkwfe esa lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa ukuk izdkj ds iz;ksx gksus yxsA 'kk;n blh dkj.k vusd
lkfgfR;d ?kVdksa us tUe fy;kA izR;sd lewg ,d nwljs ls uohurj ;k T+;knk Økafrdkjh gksus dh
gksM+ djus yxkA vdsys ekLdks esa 1920 ds vkjaHk esa iSarhl ds vklikl NksVs&cM+s lkfgfR;d ?kVd

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 51

;k laxBu lfØ; FksA gjsd xzqi dk viuk lkfgfR;d esfuQ+sLVks Fkk] lkSan;Zcksèk dh viuh&viuh
voèkkj.kk vkSj mn~?kks"k.kk FkhA ij lcls jkspd Fkk ßfuNksfodhÞ ;kuh ^udkjoknh* xzqiA :lh 'kCn
^fufNoks* dk vFkZ gksrk gS ^dqN ughaA* t+kfgj gS bl xzqi dk ?kks"k.kki=k ph[k+&fpYykdj dj jgk
Fkkßµ gekjk y{; gS ^dNq ugh*a ds uke ij dkO;kRed lt` uAÞ

dgus dh t+:jr ugha fd buesa ls vfèkdrj xzqi ek=k ^pkj fnu dh pkanuh* fl) gq,A os igyh
cjlkr dh [+kwfc;ksa dh rjg QwV iM+rs vkSj 'kke rd ,d fnu dh ujfxl dh rjg eqj>k tkrsA

Økafr ds izkjafHkd dky esa Økafr ls igys dh vkèkqfudrkoknh èkkjk ds cgqr lkjs lkfgR;dkj vHkh
Hkh lfØ; FksA os fLdQ+bZ] LoIunz"Vkvksa ds uksV] iqLrd dksuk] uo :l uked if=kdkvksa vkSj ladyuksa
ds bn&Z fxnZ ,df=kr gkrs s FkAs ;s ykxs lkfgR; dks nyxr jktuhfr vkjS fopkjèkkjk'kUw ; lt` ukRed ekè;e
ds :i esa ns[krs FksA vkanzsb csybZ] ¶+;ksnj lkykxwc tSls dfo;ksa us bl èkkjk dks [+kwc gok nhA

vra rkxs Rok 1920 ds vkjHa k rd ikz fs yRdYq r ¼ikz fs yrkfj;kbZ dYpj ;kuh logZ kjk lLa Ñfr½] bekf>uhLrb
¼fcacoknh½ vkSj QqrqjhLrb ¼Hkfo";oknh½ uked rhu eq[; xzqi vR;fèkd lfØ; gks x;s 1919 esa cuk
bekf>uhfLr;ksa ;kuh fcacokfn;ksa dk xzqiA blds izeq[k lnL;ksa esa 'kkfey Fks flxsZbZ blsfuu] bZfOuo]
ekfj;ugkQW ] f'kj'kus fs op vkfnA dgus dks rks fcca oknh vius vki dks dkQ+h t+kjs &'kkjs ls Økfa r ds i{kèkj
?kksf"kr djus esa fdlh ls ihNs u Fks% ^og le; vk x;k gS tc ;k rks dgha nwj vklekuksa esa x+k;c gks
tk;sa] ;k fQj u;s ekuo vkSj ;qx dk l`tu djsaA* ij iz'u mBk fd os ^u;s ekuo vkSj ;qx dk l`tu*
dSls djuk pkgrs FksA os jpuk izfØ;k esa ^'kCn dks blds vFkZ dh dS+n** ls NqM+kdj ;k ^^:i dks lkj
dh èkyw ** ls efq Dr fnykdj fcca dks f'k[kj ij cBS kuk pkgrs FkAs mudk ekuuk Fkk fd 'kCnkas ;k :i vkfn
dk dksbZ egÙo ugha gksrkA fcac gh lc dqN gksrk gSA vr% l`tu'khy lkfgR;dkjksa dks lhèks fcacksa dh
dYiuk djuh pkfg,] fcacksa ds :i esa lkspuk pkfg,] fcacksa dks ^[kkuk* pkfg,] fcacksa dks ^ihuk* pkfg,
vkSj fcacksa dks gh ^lksuk* pkfg, - - - ekfj;ugkWQ+ us 1920 esa izdkf'kr viuh iqLrd rwQ+kuh }hi esa bl
ckr ij cy fn;k fd loky ;g gS fd ^^ikBd ds ts+gu esa fcac ds dkaVs dks nwj xgjkbZ rd dSls cSBk;k
tk;s\** f'kj'ksusfop us viuh iqLrd ^^2×2 ¾5** esa blh fopkj dks vkSj foLr`r fd;k% ^^'kCn dks mYVk
yVdk nsuk pkfg,A ;gh mldh LokHkkfod fLFkfr gS vkSj blh esa ls iSnk gksxk fcac!** blhfy, fcacoknh
rkcM+rksM+ O;kdj.k ls eqDr gksus yxs] fØ;kvksa dks [knsM+us yxs] iwoZlxks± dks vyfonk dgus yxsA mudk
dguk Fkk fd 'kCnkas vkjS muds eyw ds eys eas rktx+ h vkjS u;kiu gkus k pkfg, ftldh cnkyS r ^^vR;fèkd
vizR;kf'krrk o thoarrk** iSnk gksxhA

,slk ugha Fkk fd ,slh lkfgfR;d mNy&dwn vius vki esa iw.kZr;k vgkfudj FkhA f'kj'ksusfop vkSj
ekfj;ugkWQ+ us lkfgR; dks thou ls vyx djus dh iqjt+ksj odkyr dhA mUgksaus lkfgR; dks fopkjksa]
èkkj.kkvksa vkSj fopkjèkkjkvksa ls oafpr djds mls enkjh ds [ksy esa cnyuk pkgkA bl lanHkZ esa
f'kj'ksusfop dk uhps m)`r dFku vius vki fcacokfn;ksa ds iÙks [kksy nsrk gS% ^dfo dHkh ml ckr dk
l`tu ugha djrk] ftldh mlls ft+anxh ekax djrh gSA* vkxs f'kj'ksusfop cM+s ets+nkj <ax ls Li"V djrk
gS% ^^dfo ,d ,slk nhokuk O;fDr gksrk gS tks ,slh xxupqEch bekjr esa cSBk gksrk gS ftlesa vkx yxh
gSA og vkx dk fp=k.k djus ds fy, fuf'par cSBdj viuh jaxhu isfUlysa rjk'k jgk gSA ;fn og vkx
cq>kus esa 'kkfey gks tk;sxk] rks og lkèkkj.k ukxfjd cu tk;sxk] ij dfo ugha jgsxkA** nwljs 'kCnksa
esa f'kj'ksusfop dh jk; esa dfo dHkh ukxfjd ugha gks ldrkA gka] ukxfjd viuh ukxfjdrk R;kxdj

52 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dfo vo'; cu ldrk gSA yxHkx ,sls gh 'kCnksa esa :lh :iokn ds d.kZèkkj foDVj 'dyksoLdh us

dgk Fkk fd mls Q+dZ+ ugha iM+rk fd ftl nqxZ esa cSBdj og fy[k jgk gS] mlij fdl jax dh irkdk

ygjk jgh gSA

Q`rqjhLrb ;kuh Hkfo";oknh Hkh fcacokfn;ksa ls dqN de u FksA cfYd ;ksa dguk pkfg, fd os

fcacokfn;ksa ds ugys ij ngyk Fks] muls nks d+ne c<+dj FksA 1912 esa gh mUgksaus vius ^lekt ds

Lokn ds eqag ij rekpk* uked esfuQ+sLVksuqek ladyu esa ph[+k&ph[+kdj ?kks"k.kk dh fd Hkwr vkSj orZeku

dk lkfgR; esa dksbZ LFkku ugha gksuk pkfg,A ek=k Hkkoh Økafrdkjh dky dks gh viuh ykfyek dh

cnkSyr lc vksj Nk tkuk pkfg,A blhfy, mUgksaus vius mi;qZDr ipsZ esa fy[kk% ^vkèkqfudrk ds

t+gkt ls iqf'du] nLrks;sOLdh] rkWYLrks; vkfn dks mrkjdj leqnz esa Qsad nsuk pkfg,*] rkfd muds

LFkku ,d [+kkfyl Økafrdkjh lkfgR; nwj&nwj rd QSy tk;sA Økafr ds ckn vius ^jkbZnkj 'kCn*]

^dfork dh vVkjh*] ^Rlsa=khQwxk* tSls ?kks"k.kki=kksa esa tks'kks&[+kjks'k ds lkFk ?kksf"kr fd;k fd 'kCnksa ds

vFkks± dk dksbZ egÙo ugha] fcac&f'kac lc csdkj gSa] O;kdj.k 'kCnksa dks viuh ta+thjksa esa tdM+dj mUgsa

futhZo dj nsrk gSA vr% lkfgR; dks iw.kZfojke] viw.kZfojke] fyax] opu - - - vkfn O;kdj.k ds lHkh

vk;keksa dks frykatfy ns nsuh pkfg,A muds vuqlkj dfork ;k vU; lkfgR;d foèkkvksa esa lcls

egÙoiw.kZ rRo gS 'kCnA 'kCn gh lc dqN gS] ckd+h lc csdkj gSA blhfy, 'kCn ds lkFk bl izdkj

[ksyuk pkfg, ;k bl rjg mlds lkFk f[kyokM+ djuk pkfg, tSls tknwxj viuh NM+h ;k MqxMqxh ls

[ksyrk gSA 'kCn dk bl rjg iz;ksx djuk pkfg, fd mlds vFkZ dk dksbZ vFkZ u jg tk;sA mldk

iz;ksx ;ksa gksuk pkfg, fd lquus ;k i<+us okys dh vuqHkwfr Mxexk tk;s] Lokn pjijk tk;s] èkkj.kk,a
∈ΛHΛ mYV&iqYV tk;sa bafnz;cksèk yM+[kM+k tk;s] dYiuk MkaokMksy gks tk;sA bl lc dk vFkZ gqvk fd

Hkfo";oknh pkgrs Fks fd vius vuwBs iz;ksx dh cnkSyr 'kCn dM+dM+krh ;k dkSaèkrh fctyh cu tk;sa]

meM+rk rwQku gks tk;as] mQ+urk t+yt+yk cu tk;saA tks dqN LFkkfir gS og fc[kj tk;sA ekU;rk,a

pjejk tk;sa] ewY; <g tk;sa lkSan;Zcksèk mYVk yVd tk;s] vFkZ vuFkZ ;k csvFkZ gks tk;sa - - -jg tk;sa

cl 'kCn vkSj mudh Økafrdkjh èkqvkaèkkj] yiVsa mxyrh uxjhA

QrqfjLrksa us fojke&fpÌksa dks ckgj dj fn;k] Lojksa dks ^le; vkSj LFkku* dh laKk ns nh] O;atuksa

dks ^jax] èofu vkSj xaèk* ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA dbZ Hkfo";okfn;ksa us rks ek=k Lojksa ls cuh dfork,a fy[khaA

ckuxh nsf[k,%

a e a ¼vk ; vk½

H e e ¼bZ ; ; b½Z

a e e ¼vk ; ;½

Hkfo";okn ds fnXxtksa esa ls ,d] ek;dksOLdh ds fe=k [+ysfCudkso us Hkfo";oknh dfo;ksa ds fy,

fuEu izdkj dk ekWMy rS;kj fd;k%

∆bIP, õy,IIIbI , ¼nbj] cqy] 'kby½

yõeIIIyp ¼mcs';wj½

CKYM ¼Ldwe½

BbI co õy ¼ob lks cw½

p3 ¼j y ,ts ½

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 53

[+ysfCudkso us bl dfork ds Åij laxhr Hkh jp fn;kA dfork ds var esa dks"Bd esa fy[kk x;k%
^la;ksxo'k dguk pkfg, fd bu ikap ifDr;ksa esa iqf'du ds lkjs dkO; ls dgha T+;knk :lh;rk ¼:lh
pfj=k½ var£ufgr gSA*

blh rjg dh 'kfCnd dykckt+h vkSj iz;ksxokn esa yxHkx lHkh vkfèkuqdrkoknh dfo flj ls ikaoksa
rd my>s iM+s FksA ek;kdksOLdh ds ,d vkSj QqrqfjLr fe=k dfo us :lh o.kZekyk ds vafre v{kj
¼¾ ;k ¾ eSa½ ij gh fuEu dfork fy[k Mkyh%

II 3 Λ y CTa , ¼bTyqNhLrk;k½

Λy CTa ¼yqNhLrk;k½

Y II C T a ¼NhLrk;k½

II C T a ¼bZLrk;k½

C T a ¼Lrk;k½

T a ¼rk;k½

A ¼vk;k½

¼;k½

,d 'kCn ¼bTyqNhLrk;k½ ls izR;sd u;h iafDr esa igys v{kj dks yqIr djds u;k 'kCn cukrs gq,

vafre iafDr rd :lh o.kZekyk ds vafre v{kj ^;k* rd igqapk fn;kA

QqrqjhLrksa ds d.kZèkkjksa eas egku dfo ek;dksOLdh Hkh 'kkfey FksA ij ;gka mudh dFkuh vkSj djuh

esa Q+dZ+ gks x;kA mUgksaus vius QqrqfjLr fe=kksa ds fl)karksa ls eqDr gksdj ^cgqr vPNk!*] ^ysfuu* tSlh

egku Økafrdkjh jpuk,a fy[kha ftudh nqfu;k Hkj esa [+kwc èkwe ephA

vc ge vkrs gSa Økafrdkjh nkSj ds lcls cM+s vkSj lcls fooknkLin lkfgfR;d laxBu izksfyRdqYr

ijA izksfyRdqYr nks :lh 'kCnksa izksfyrkjLdk;k dqYrwjk ¼loZgkjk laLÑfr½ dk la{ksi gS vkSj ;g laxBu

vDrcw j 1917 dh iow Z lèa ;k ij Økfa rdkjh ljdkj ds iFz ke f'k{kk e=a kh ¼dkfW elkj½ vukrkys h yuq kpkLdhZ

dh igy ij cuk FkkA bl laxBu ds vfèkdrj vxqvk Økafr ls igys Økafrdkjh lkfgR; dh jpuk esa

lfØ; jgs FksA vDrwcj Økafr ds ckn izksfyRdqYr lcls cM+k laxBu cudj mHkjk vkSj og Økafrdkjh

ljdkj ds ljksdkjksa vkSj le> ds cgqr d+jhc FkkA 1918 esa izksfyRdqYr dh igyh vf[ky :l dkWUÝsal

dk Lo;a yfs uu us i=k Hkts dj vfHkuna u fd;k vkjS uktbs nk ØIq Ldk;k ¼yfs uu dh iRuh½ rFkk vukrkys h

yqukpkLdhZ us Lo;a Hkkx fy;kA ikVhZ dks bl laxBu eas tks lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckr fn[kk;h nsrh Fkh og Fkh

mldk vkdkj vkSj turk ds chp Økafrdkjh Hkkouk txkus ds mlds iz;klA 1920 esa izksfyRdqYr dk

varjkZ"Vªh; C;wjks cuk ftlus viuh fjiksVZ esa crk;k fd izksfyRdqYr vkanksyu esa pkj yk[k vke lnL;ksa

vkSj vLlh gt+kj lfØ; lnL;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g Fkh fd mlus ,d djksM+

iqLrdsa rFkk y?kq iqfLrdk,a NkihaA

ij 'kh?kz gh bl vkanksyu ds fojksèkkHkkl ut+j vkus yxsA blds usrk cksxnkukso ds lkFk ysfuu ds

Økafr ls igys Hkh erHksn jgs FksA cksXnkukso ,d rjQ+ rks ?kksj cq)thoh fojksèkh Fks] ogha nwljh rjQ+ os

bZ'ojokn ls Hkh =kLr FksA 'kk;n blh dkj.k izksfyRdqYr ,d izdkj ds tkfrokn dk f'kdkj gksrk x;k
54 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

D;ksafd mlds dk;ZØeksa vkSj ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ckj&ckj nksgjk;k x;k fd loZgkjk laLÑfr dks ek=k ogh yksx
cuk ldrs gSa tks ;a=k ;k vkSt+kj cukus ds fy, gFkkSM+k pykusokyh i`"BHkwfe ls vk;s gksaA loZgkjk laLÑfr
ds fuekZ.k esa cqf)thfo;ksa ;k fdlku i`"BHkwfe ds yksxksa dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gks ldrkA blds vfrfjDr
mUgksaus QqrqfjLrksa dh rjg Økafr ls igys ds lkfgR; dks iw.kZr;k udkj fn;kA eè;oxhZ; lkfgR;dkjksa dks
fuEu ?kksf"kr djds cfg"Ñr dj fn;k% ^izksfyRdqYr dks ogka fcYdqy Hkh ^gka* ugha dguh pkfg, tgka
cqtZqvk yksx ^gka& dgrs gSa*A ^et+nwj&ys[kd dks nwljksa ls lh[kus ds ctk; l`tu djuk pkfg,A* ^cqtqZvk
Hkk"kk] ctq vZq k lkfgR; dks ijw h rjg rgl&ugl dj nus k pkfg,A* ckXs nkukos us vuds ckj fy[kk fd et+njw
oxZ dks cqf)thoh nkb;ksa ¼f'k'kq ikyu djus okyh vkSjrksa½ dh drbZ vko';d;rk ughaA* vkxs pydj
mUgksaus loZgkjk laLÑfr dks et+nwj oxZ dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj LVqfM;ks esa mxkus dh voèkkj.kk dks [+kwc
gok nhA blh rjg dh vfroknh xfrfofèk;ksa us izksfyRdqYr dks ,d can laxBu esa cny fn;k ftlesa u
fdlku i`"BHkwfe ls vk;s lkfgR;dkjksa ds fy, dksbZ LFkku Fkk] u cqtqZvk i`"BHkwfe ls fudys Økafrdkjh
ys[kdksa ds fy,A

FkksMs+ fnu ckn viuh c<+rh la[;k dks ns[krs gq, izksfyRdqYr ds fliglkykjksa us ?kks"k.kk dj nh fd
muds loZgkjk laxBu dk viuk ,d Lokoyach otwn gksxk tks laLÑfr ;k f'k{kk ea=ky; ls Hkh iw.kZr;k
Lora=k gksxkA muds vuqlkj loZgkjk ys[kd viuh euet+hZ ls tSlk pkgsaxs oSlk ys[ku djsaxs vkSj mlesa
ys[kd dh varokZ.kh vkSj varjkRek dh iqdkj dh xwat cqyan gksxhA t+kfgj gS x`g;q) ds dky esa lkfgR;
,oa laLÑfr ds {ks=k esa ikVhZ dks bl rjg dh vjktdrk d+rbZ ekU; ugha gks ldrh FkhA ij okLrfodrk
esa izksfyRdqYr dk Lokoyacu bl :i esa QyhHkwr gqvk fd lkfgR; dks yxHkx lekt'kkL=kh; ys[ku esa
rCnhy dj fn;kA izksfyRdqYr ds ys[kdksa us lkfgR; esa ^D;k* fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg, ds vk;ke dks gh
rjthg nhA mUgksaus ^dSls* fn[kkuk pkfg, ds igyw dks udkj fn;kA blh dkj.k 1920 ds n'kd esa iSnk
gqvk v'yhy lekt'kkL=kh; lkfgfR;d ys[kuA

bl rjg ds vfrokn ls iSnk gqbZ foÑfr;ksa ds dkj.k ysfuu o mudh ikVhZ ds izeq[k fl)kardkj
dkQ+h fpafrr FksA vDrwcj 1920 esa izksfyRdqYr dh igyh vf[ky :l dkaxzsl gqbZA cM+h èkqvkaèkkj cglksa
ds ckn ysfuu o yqukN;kLdhZ tSls ikVhZ usrkvksa dh vkykspuk dh cnkSyr vafre izLrko esa dgk x;k%
^izksfyRdqYr dh vf[ky :l dkaxzsl izksfyRdqYr }kjk viuh fo'ks"k laLÑfr x<+us ;k lcls dVdj
vyx&Fkyx ?kVd cukus ds lHkh iz;klksa dks lS)kafrd :i esa vekU; o vey ds èkjkry ij mlds
gkfudkjd nqLlkgliw.kZ iz;klksa dks iwjh rjg udkjrh gSA*

1 fnlacj 1920 esa ikVhZ ds eq[ki=k ^izkOnk* esa :lh cksY'ksfod ikVhZ dk ^izksfyRdqYrksa ds ckjs esa* i=k
izdkf'kr gqvkA bl i=k esa lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa ikVhZ dh uhfr dk cgqvk;keh [+kqyklk fd;k x;kA i=k esa
lkQ+&lkQ+ fy[kk x;k% ^- - -izksfyRdqYr dh vfroknh Lokoyacu uhfr ds dkj.k rFkk vU; cgqr lkjh
udkjkRed ckrksa ds QyLo:i izksfyRdqYr esa vusd ,sls izfrØkafrdkjh rRo Hkj x;s gSa ftUgksaus vusd
txgksa ij izksfyRdqYr dk usr`Ro gfFk;k fy;kA Hkfo";oknh] iru'khy yksx vkSj vusd ekDlZokn fojksèkh
rRo ;k fQj gj vU; LFkku ij vlQy jgs ctq vZq k ykxs ikz fs yRdYq rkas ds ljxuk cu x;s gAaS * i=k eas Økfa r
ls igys ds :lh lkfgR; dks udkjus ds iz;klksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa fy;k x;k vkSj dgk x;k fd ØkafriwoZ
:lh lkfgR; Økafr dk ,d lzksr jgk gSA vr% mls udkjusokys rÙo Økafr dk fgLlk ugha gks ldrsA

blds ckn vkusokys FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa izksfyRdqYr dk otwn [k+Re gksrk x;kA ij rc rd ysfuu

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 55

ugha jgsA muds ckn tks Økafr ds lkFk gqvk ogh lkfgR; ds lkFk HkhA
bl lanHkZ esa ,d nks ckrksa us egÙoiw.kZ :i èkkj.k dj fy;k gSA igyh ckr rks ;g fd ekuk fd

izksfyRdqYrksa us t?kU; vijkèk fd;s] ij D;k ikVhZ dk lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa bl rjg dk lhèkk gLr{ksi gksuk
pkfg,\ ysfuu dky esa rks ;g n[k+y ek=k ikVhZ ds eq[ki=k esa Nis i=k rd gh lhfer jgkA ij ysfuu
ds ckn lkfgR; dk D;k gJ gqvk og Økafrdkfj;ksa ds fy, dksbZ xkSjoiw.kZ ckr ugha FkhA D;k ;g vPNk
ugha jgrk fd izksfyRdqYrksa tSls lkfgRdkjksa dk eqd+kcyk lkfgR;dkj gh djrs\ oSls Hkh tks dke turk
dks djuk pkfg, mls iqfyl ls ugha djokuk pkfg;sA

frl ij Hkh gesa ,d ckr ;kn j[kuh pkfg;s fd x`g;q) ds dfBu fnuksa esa Hkh ysfuu] yqukpkLdhZ
o vU; Økafrdkjh usrk lkfgfR;d iqLrdsa i<+rs Fks] lkfgR; ds iz'uksa ij fparu&euu vkSj fopkj foe'kZ
djrs FksA vktdy ds ^Økafrdkjh* usrk rks lkfgfR;d fdrkcksa dks Nwrs rd ughaA

ge lc tkurs gSa fd ysfuu us ekfDle xksdhZ dks dSls d+ne&d+ne ij laHkkykA Lo;a muds ikl
pydj bVyh rd dbZ ckj x;sA xksdhZ us dbZ ckj Hk;adj Hkwysa dhaA Økafr ds ckn rks os Økafr ds nq'eu
gh cu cSBs FksA ysfdu ysfuu us xksdhZ dks nqRdkjk ugha] mUgsa ;kruk f'kfojksa esa ugha Qsadk] mUgsa ekjk ugha]
cfYd mUgsa le>k;k&cq>k;k vkSj euk;k x;kA varr% xksdhZ fQj ls Økafr ds i{kèkj cu x;sA gesa :lh
lkfgR; ls cgrq dNq lh[kuk gmµS lds ioz rdZ vkjS j{kd xkds hZ vkjS yfs uu ls Hkh vkjS mlds Hk{kd
ysfuuksÙkj dky ds ljxukvksa ls HkhA

eks- 9560503232

56 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

czs[+r&yqdkp laokn

'kk'orh etwenkj

teZu ys[kd crksZYr czs[+r vkSj gaxjh ds nk'kZfud tkWtZ yqdkp ds chp cgl dHkh vkSipkfjd
cgl ds :i esa laiUu ugha gqbZ cfYd og nksuksa i{kksa esa bl eqís ij tkjh O;kid ¯pru dh fofHkUu
dfM+;ksa ds :i esa lkeus vk;h fd lektokn dh LFkkiuk ds fy, izfrcð Økafrdkjh dyk o lkfgR;
ds ewy l`tudkjh rÙo dkSu&ls gksus pkfg,A bls izk;% vfHkO;atukoknh (Expressionism) cgl
;k ;FkkFkZokn cuke vkèkqfudrkokn dh cgl ds :i esa Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS ftlesa yqdkp dks dykRed
l`tu ds ;FkkFkZoknh :iksa ds i{k esa [kM+k fn[kk;k tkrk gSA nwljh vksj czs[+r dks vfHkO;atukoknh o
nwljs vkèkqfud dykdkjksa }kjk fodflr dyk ds iz;ksx'khy :iksa dk leFkZd crk;k x;k tks Økafrdkjh
dyk dh orZeku vko';drkvksa dh iw£r dj ldrs gSaA okLro esa] ;g cgl eq[;r% ;FkkFkZokn ds
ckjs esa cgl ds :i esa ns[kh tkuh pkfg,A czs[+r o yqdkp] nksuksa us gh cM+s cyiwoZd dgk fd iwjh
cgl ds dsanz esa ;FkkFkZokn gh izèkku eqík gSA

;g iwjh cgl 1930 ds n'kd esa ;wjksi esa Q+klhokn o teZuh esa ccZj ukt+hoknh fopkjèkkjk ds
mn; dh i`"BHkwfe esa laiUu gqbZA ukt+hokn&Q+klhokn ds Jfed oxZ ij geys rst+ gks jgs Fks vkSj
lksfo;r la?k dks u"V djus ds fy, lSU; vfHk;ku tkjh FksA ;g cgl ekDlZoknh [+kses esa tkjh cglksa
dk gh fgLlk Fkh ftlesa vusZLV Cyk[+k] okYVj csatkfeu] gSUl vkbt+yj] fFk;ksMksj vMksuksZ o eSd
gks[+kkZbej lesr dbZ yksx 'kkfey Fks vkSj fofHkUu rjg ds ladVksa ds nkSj esa dyk ds lkekftd dk;Z
dh voèkkj.kk fu£er djus lacaèkh fofoèk izdkj ds iz;klksa dks O;Dr djrs FksA ,sls esa bl cgl dk
iqujkoyksdu chloha lnh ds dyk o n'kZu ds nks egku O;fDr;ksa ds fopkjksa ds iquikZB tSlk gh gSA

;g cgl bl otg ls Hkh 'kq: gqbZ fd czs[+r ewyr% dykdkj Fks tks dyk o l`tu ds O;kogkfjd
i{kksa ls tqM+s gq, Fks] tcfd yqdkp eq[; :i ls nk'kZfud Fks tks iwathoknh lekt esa lkekftd vfLrRo
dh izÑfr ds iz'uksa ls tw> jgs FksA cgl dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd nksuksa gh ,sls le; esa jktuhfrd
la?k"kZ o la?k"kZ esa dyk dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa vyx n`f"V;ka j[krs Fks tcfd fopkjèkkjk ds loky
lhèks&lhèks thou rFkk ekSr ls tqM+s gq, FksA cgl ds nkSjku vkØked fojksèk o dHkh&dHkh iSnk gqbZ rh[kh
dVqrk,a nksuksa ds }kjk fuokZlu esa jgus rFkk Q+klhokn ds f[+kykQ+ fujarj jktuhfrd] oSpkfjd o lSU;
la?k"kZ pykus dh lrr ekax ds lanHkZ esa le>h tk ldrh gSaA la?k"kZ esa lkSan;Z ds iz'u dks nksuksa i{kksa
}kjk dkQ+h egÙoiw.kZ ekuk x;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd ckn ds 'kkafrdky esa] nwljs egk;qð dh lekfIr
o th-Mh-vkj- dh LFkkiuk ds mijkar] dykdkj o n'kZu'kkL=kh ds chp lacaèk dkQ+h lkekU; gks x;s
vkSj nksuksa us ,d nwljs ds vonkuksa dks Lohdkj Hkh fd;kA rks Hkh nksuksa ds chp ds cqfu;knh erHksn
bl cgl dks js[kkafdr djrs gSaA rcls ysdj vkt rd dbZ ifjorZu vk pqds gSaA ij og cgl vHkh
Hkh dsoy ,sfrgkfld egÙo rd lhfer ugha gSA nksuksa i{kksa us dbZ vge loky [kM+s fd;s tks iwathokn
dh lekfIr o lektoknh Hkfo"; dh LFkkiuk ds fy, pyk;s tk jgs jktuhfrd la?k"kZ ds vuqdwy

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 57

izxfr'khy dyk o lkaLÑfrd deZ ls ljksdkj j[kus okyksa ls fy, dkQ+h pqukSrhiw.kZ cus gq, gSaA
czs[+r vkSj yqdkp ds chp oSpkfjd Vdjko] tks fd ys[ku ds vfHkO;atukokn o vkèkqfudrkoknh

:iksa ij dsafnzr Fkk] nkl oksVZ ¼n oMZ] ekLdks ls 1936&39 ds nkSjku izdkf'kr i=k½ esa lkeus vk;kA
bl cgl esa yqdkp lesr 15 ys[kdksa] dykdkjksa o lkfgfR;d flðkardkjksa us xeZtks'kh ls fgLlk
fy;kA ml le; czs[+r gkykafd i=k dh rhu lnL;h; laikndh; Vhe dk fgLlk Fks vkSj mUgksaus iwjh
cgl ij xaHkhjrk ls fuxkg j[kh] ij mUgksaus lkoZtfud :i ls cM+s Lrj ij gLr{ksi ugha fd;k D;ksad
muds efLr"d esa Q+klhokn ds fo#ð lk>s la?k"kZ ds O;kid fgrksa dh ¯prk ekStwn FkhA ij cgl ds
ckjs esa vius fopkj dks os fujarj foLrkj ls fy[krs jgs tks 13 lky ckn lkfgR; o dyk ds ckjs esa
nks [kaMksa esa izdkf'kr muds xzaFkksa esa ladfyr gq,A cgl dh jktuhfrd i`"BHkwfe dksfeUVuZ }kjk 1935
esa LohÑr yksdfiz; ekspsZ ¼ikiqyj Ý+aV½ dh uhfr;ksa rFkk cqtqZvk jktuhfr ds Q+klhokn fojksèkh èkM+s dks
'kkfey djus okys Q+klhokn fojksèkh fo'kky ekspsZ ds fuekZ.k ls lacafèkr FkhA yqdkp us cgl esa ,d
fucèa k fy[kdj gLr{kis fd;k ftldk 'kh"kdZ Fkkµ (Es geht um den Realismus) ¼ftldk vxa tsz +h eas
vuqokn ^fj;fyT+e bu n cSysal*] ;k ^nkao ij ;FkkFkZokn* ds uke ls fd;k x;k½A bl fucaèk esa mUgksaus
ledkyhu y[s ku dh rhu èkkjkvkas dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;kA igyh] itaw hoknh lekt dh i{kèkj ;FkkFkoZ knfojkès kh
ys[ku dh èkkjk ftlds jpukdkjksa esa mUgksaus xksdhZ] Fkkel vkSj gsufj[+k eku vkSj jkseka jksyka dk uke
fy;kA yqdkp ds erkuqlkj nwljh èkkjk ds ys[kd vius leLr lkfgfR;d iz;ksxksa ds ckotwn ;FkkFkZ
ds Åijh :i o vuqHkoksa ds Lor%LQwrZu rd gh lhfer jg x;sA os ;FkkFkZ ds Hkhrjh lkj dks u Nw
lds vkSj vius vuqHkoksa o mUgsa mRiUu djus okyh okLrfod lkekftd 'kfDr;ksa dks igpku u ldsA
mUgksaus vuqHko fd;k fd ,sls ys[kd vkRefu"B o vewrZu esa thus okys gksrs gSa] os ftl izdkj ;FkkFkZ
ds fo[kaMu o fojksèkh rRoksa ds leUo; ls dyk :i rS;kj djrs gSa og dkQ+h ,dk;keh gksrk gS vkSj
blhfy, mUgksaus lalkj ds ;FkkFkZ o pht+ksa dh lacðrk] ;kuh iwathoknh lekt dh lexzrk dk cksèk iSnk
djus esa vkèkqfudrkoknh ys[kdksa dh rqyuk QwgM+ vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa ls dh tks iwath ds lapj.k dks Lora=k
rFkk vewrZ izfØ;k ds :i esa ns[krs Fks vkSj egktuh iwathokn ls blds dk;Zdkj.k lacaèkksa dk fo'ys"k.k
ugha djrs FksA blfy, ;FkkFkZ ds lacaèk esa O;fDrfu"B] lrgh o vewrZ èkkj.kk ds foijhr] tks fd yqdkp
ds vuqlkj dkQ+h ,djl Hkh Fkh] yqdkp ds vuqlkj rhljh èkkjk ds ;FkkFkZoknh ys[kdksa us lkekftd
lacaèkksa dks mldh iwjh thoar le`fð o lexzrk esa T+;knk oLrqxr :i ls izLrqr fd;kA mudh fofoèkrk
dks Hkh fpf=kr fd;kA blds vfrfjDr mUgksaus Hkfo"; esa lkeus vkus okyh ekuoh; o lkekftd
izo`fÙk;ksa dks n'kkZus okys izfrfufèkd pfj=kksa ds l`tu ds ekè;e ls Hkh ;FkkFkZ dk T+;knk fo'oluh;
:i O;Dr fd;kA yqdkp ds vuqlkj] ;s ;FkkFkZoknh ys[kd 19oha lnh ds ckYt+kd o rkWYlrkW; tSls
;FkkFkZokfn;ksa dh gh ijaijk ds ys[kd gSa vkSj dsoy mUgsa gh lkfgfR;d vokaxknZ ds :i esa ns[kk tkuk
pkfg,A muds vuqlkj vkèkqfudrkoknh ys[kdksa }kjk viuk;h x;h iz;ksxkRedrk ;FkkFkZokn ds iru
rFkk cqtqZvk dyk ds {kj.k dks O;Dr djrh gSA

yqdkp us bl ij Hkh cy fn;k fd vkèkqfudrkoknh ys[kdksa ds iz;ksx'khy dyk:iksa vkSj xksdhZ ;k
Fkkel eku }kjk viuk;s x;s ijaijkxr :iksa dk ewY;kadu dSls fd;k tk;s] ;g dsoy lkfgfR;d loky
ugha gS] cfYd Q+klhokn ds f[+kykQ+ ,d O;kid tuekspkZ dSls cuk;k tk;s] blls Hkh xgjkbZ ls tqM+k
gqvk gSA mUgksaus eglwl fd;k fd vkèkqfudrkokfn;ksa }kjk lkfgR;&ijaijk rFkk lkaLÑfrd fojklr dk

58 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vLohdkj yksdfiz; leFkZu ugha gkfly dj ldsxk] cfYd lkaLÑfrd fojklr ds lHkh ewY;oku i{kksa
dks vkykspukRed :i esa gh lgh ij viukus o vkRelkr djus dh t+:jr gS ftlls vke tuksa ds
lkFk lacaèk vkSj vfèkd l`n`<+ gks ldsaA fu"d"kZ :i esa dg ldrs gSa fd vius fucaèk ds dsanzh; rdZ
ds :i esa mUgksaus thou o lekt dks iwjh lexzrk ls fpf=kr djus ds egÙo dks LFkkfir fd;kA

Q+klhokn fojksèkh la?k"kZ esa ,d vke ekspkZ cukus dh jktuhfrd vko';drk dks ysdj czs[+r rFkk
yqdkp ds chp dksbZ erHksn u Fkk vkSj u ;FkkFkZokn ij cy nsus dks ysdjA ysfdu czs[+r ;FkkFkZokn dh
ifjHkk"kk rFkk 19oha lnh ds ;FkkFkZoknh ys[kdksa }kjk iz;qDr :iksa dh izklafxdrk dks ysdj yqdkp ls
vlger FkAs c[sz +r ds vulq kj] os y[s kd fuLlna gs egku Fks ij mudh nlw jh gh leL;k,a FkhAa os ,ls s le;
esa fy[k jgs Fks tc cqtqZvk oxZ rFkk cqtZqvk oS;fDrrk dk fodkl gks jgk FkkA tcfd ledkyhu ys[kd
bl nkSj esa cqtqZvk o loZgkjk ds eè; tkjh vafre la?k"kZ ds chp Lo;a dks ikrs gSaA cqtqZvk O;fDr dk
fo?kVu gks jgk gS] vke turk vkxs c<+ jgh gS vkSj iz'u ;g gS fd fdl izdkj bl u;s ;FkkFkZ dks O;Dr
fd;k tk;sA czs[+r ds eqrkfcd+ orZeku u;s ;FkkFkZ dh vfHkO;fDr dSls dh tk;s] bl leL;k ls tw> jgs
ledkyhu ys[kdksa ds ckjs esa yqdkp us T+;knk ¯prk ugha dhA czs[+r us dgk fd bl ;FkkFkZ dks dsoy
^ujs fs Vo* ds [+kkl :i ds vuqdj.k ls ugha O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk D;kfas d igys dkQ+h vfèkd i;z kxs fd;s
tk pqds gSaA ,slk dksbZ Hkh joS;k viuh izÑfr esa :ioknh gksxk D;ksafd ;g u;s ifjorZu'khy ;FkkFkZ ij
iqjkus lkfgfR;d :iksa dks Fkksius tSlk gksxkA cfYd ys[kdksa dks gj ekè;e] pkgs og u;k gks ;k iqjkuk]
iz;ksx gqvk gks ;k ugha] dyk ls fudyk gks ;k fdlh vU; lzksr ls] vxj ;FkkFkZ ds laogu esa lgk;rk
djrk gS rks mldk lgkjk ysuk pkfg,A ;FkkFkZokn dk lacaèk dsoy :i ls ugha gS vkSj tks pht+sa igys
yksdfiz; Fkha] os dksbZ vko';d ugha fd orZeku esa Hkh yksdfiz; gksa] D;ksafd yksxksa dk O;fDrRo o pfj=k
Hkh cnyrk jgrk gSA dbZ vkèkqfudrkoknh ys[kdksa ds ys[ku ds O;fDrfu"B o vewrZuoknh i{k ds ckjs esa
yqdkp ds er ls czs[+r lger Fks ij mudk dguk Fkk fd muds }kjk fodflr rduhd] tSls fd
fp=k&dYiuk leUo;] varjkyki vkSj vifjp;hdj.k rFkk rVLFkrk dh rduhd] us ledkyhu ;FkkFkZ
dh Bksl rFkk oLrqxr vfHkO;fDr esa T+;knk mi;ksxh lalkèku miyCèk djk;s] cfuLcr 19oha lnh ds
;FkkFkoZ knh y[s kdkas dh o.kuZ 'kyS h dAs ctq vZq k y[s kd bu vkèkfq ud rduhdkas dk i;z kxs viuh fujk'kk dh
Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, dj ldrs gSa] lektoknh ys[kd budk iz;ksx nwljh rjg dj ldrs
gSaA czs[+r us [+kqn Hkh lkfgfR;d ijaijk vkSj lkaLÑfrd fojklr dks [+kkfjt ugha fd;k cfYd mUgksaus
vkjafHkd izcksèkudkyhu ys[kdksa tSls 'ksDlih;j] fLo¶+V] fjcsy;l] okWYrs;j vkSj fnnsjks dks dkQ+h
mRlqdrk ls i<+kA blds vykok mUgksaus phu o Hkkjr lesr nqfu;k ds nwljs fgLlksa ds lkFk&lkFk
yksdfiz; o yksdoknh dyk :iksa ls Hkh fopkj xzg.k fd;sA

yqdkp dh rjg gh czs[+r Hkh iwathoknh lekt esa lkekftd lacaèkksa ds oLrqdj.k (Reification) vkSj
dykdkj }kjk Åijh lrg ds uhps fNih lPpkb;ksa dks mtkxj djus ds ljksdkj ls tqM+s gq, FksA os Hkh
ekurs Fks fd lPps ;FkkFkoZ kn dks okLrfodrk ds Hkhrj rd èkla uk gkrs k gS vkjS thou dks vkdkj nus s okys
fu;eksa] lkekftd 'kfDr;ksa ds chp ds dk;Z&dkj.k lacaèkksa dks lkeus ykuk gksxkA tSls fd fdlh Q+SDVªh
dh rLohj QS+DVªh ds lR; dks ugha crk ldrhA ysfdu os ;g Hkh ugha ekurs Fks fd bl ckjs esa lR;
dks dsoy ml lR; dk lk{kkRdkj djus okys O;fDr ls vka[k ;k mlds fny dks mèkkj ysdj O;Dr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, dykdkj dks fo'ks"k rjhd+ksa ls ;FkkFkZ esa gLr{ksi djuk gksxk rkfd

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 59

;FkkFkZ ds ckjs esa Hkze [+kRe gks vkSj ns[kus okyksa dks ;FkkFkZ dk og i{k Hkh fn[k lds tks ml ;FkkFkZ
ls lhèks tqM+s O;fDr dks Hkh ugha fn[krk gSA lkekftd ifjorZu ds fy, izfrcð dykdkj dk dke
dsoy lkSan;Zcksèkh; gLr{ksi ds ekè;e ls ;FkkFkZ dk BaMk] rVLFk vuqHko iznku djuk ugha gS cfYd
vius ikBd o n'kZd dks lfØ; gLr{ksi ds t+fj;s ;FkkFkZ dks cnyus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk gSA

czs[+r vkSj yqdkp] nksuksa gh dyk ds cksèkijd dk;Z vkSj thou ds izR;{k :iksa ds Hkhrj rd èkalh
lPpkb;ksa dks igpkuus okys lkSan;Z'kkL=k dh vko';drk ds ckjs esa lger FksA nksuksa us gh Åijh lrg
ds Hkhrj ds lR; dks tkuus rFkk iwathoknh lekt ds oxZpfj=k o mlls tqM+s fo[kaMu rFkk oLrqdj.k
dks O;Dr djus ds fy, vewrZu o dyk&ekè;e ds egÙo ij cy fn;kA nksuksa gh dyk dks yksdfiz;
cukuk pkgrs Fks] rkfd mldk tu&tu ls lacaèk cuk jgsA nksuksa ;g Hkh ekurs Fks fd fgVyj ds f[+kykQ+
ikWiqyj Ýa+V esa cqtqZvk ys[kdksa vkSj dykdkjksa dks 'kkfey djuk gksxk vkSj mUgksaus bl uhfr ds i{k esa
dkQ+h lfØ;rk Hkh fn[kk;hA nksuksa iwathoknh lekt }kjk fd;s tk jgs vekuohdj.k ds f[+kykQ+ lkfgR;
,oa dyk dh lkekftd la?k"kZ lacaèkh Hkwfedk ls izsfjr Fks] ijarq vyx&vxy fn'kkvksa esa py jgs FksA

,d nk'kZfud ds :i esa yqdkp dk eq[; ljksdkj iwathokn ds varxZr gksus okys vyxko] fo[kaMu
rFkk ekuoh; lacaèkksa dk oLrqdj.k (reification) FkkA muds n'kZu esa lkSan;Z'kkL=k dk dsanzh; oLrq ds :i
esa eq[; dke bUgha vuqHkoksa ds udkjkRed igyqvksa ls mckjuk FkkA fc[kjko rFkk fo[kaMu ds eè;
^laiw.kZrk* (Whole) dks [kkstuk Fkk vkSj blesa izxfr'khy varoZLrqvksa dks 'kkfey djuk FkkA bl laiw.kZrk
;k lkekftd lca èa kkas dh lexrz k dks u dos y ckès kxE; cukuk gkrs k gS cfYd mldh dykRed vfHkO;fDr
Hkh ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd ikBd mldh iwjh lPph thorark dk vuqHko dj ldsA yqdkp us bls ,sls
vlkèkkj.k :i ls dfBu dk;Z ds :i esa ns[kk ftlesa ys[kd dk nksgjk Je yxrk FkkA igyk] mls bu
lacaèkksa dks ckSfðd :i ls [kkstuk Fkk vkSj mls dyk esa <kyuk FkkA nwljk] gkykafd nksuksa izfØ;k,a ijLij
tqM+h gksrh gSa] mls vewrZu ds ekè;e ls ml [kksts x;s lacaèk dks vko`r djuk Hkh gksrk gSA ;g nksgjk Je
,d u;k dyk:i iSnk djrk gSA igyk] ftlesa lkSan;Z dk xgjk izHkko gksrk gSA blesa gkykafd thou dk
cká :i dkQ+h ikjn'khZ gksrk gS ftlds vanj ls thoulkj >ydrk jgrk gS ¼tksfd okLrfod thou esa
ugha gksrk gS½] rks Hkh ;g dkQ+h fudV dk rkRdkfyd vuqHko O;Dr djrk gS] thou dks oSlk gh fn[kkrk
gS tSlk og gksrk gSA blds vfrfDr ,sls ys[kdksa ds ys[ku esa thou ds iwjs cká :iksa dks ge mlds
cqfu;knh rÙoksa ds lkFk gh ikrs gSa] u fd vewrZu o vfrvkosxe; <ax ls futh rkSj ij vuqHko fd;s x;s
{k.k ek=k dks tks fd lexzrk ls vyx gksrk gSA yqdkp ds vuqlkj ge jkst+kuk thou ds VqdM+ksa esa thrs
gSa ftlesa dyk ds LFkku ij uhjl lEeksgdrk (fetischized) jgrh gSA ij dyk dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ
dke gkrs k gS fd og ijw h lexrz k ds lkFk ;FkkFkZ dk bfa n;z ijd rFkk HkkoukRed vfHkO;fDr okyk vuHq ko
iznku djrh gSA yqdkp ds vuqlkj dykdkj dk dke ;g gS fd og cká thou ds cgqLrjh; ekuo
lacaèkksa dks ckSfðd :i ls [kkstrk gS vkSj fQj mUgsa iwjh lexzrk ls O;Dr djus ds fy, mu ij dyk
dk vkoj.k Mkyrk gS] rkfd og Hkkotxr o bafnz;ksa dks mÙksftr dj ldsA yqdkp ds fopkjksa ls ;g ckr
Hkh fudyrh gS fd lkSan;Zcksèkh; vuqHko vius esa ifjorZudkjh vkSj ekuoh;dj.k djus okyh izfØ;k gS
tksfd fojspu ds ekè;e ls dk;Z djrh gSA ;g izfØ;k fdlh ikBd fo'ks"k ls tqM+h gksrh gS vkSj
^èkhjs&èkhjs] yacs rFkk tfVy :i esa* ?kfVr gksrh gSA

czs[+r] tksfd [+kqn Hkh dyk l`tu ds O;kogkfjd iz'uksa ls tqM+s gq, Fks] muds fy, Hkh ;g eq[;

60 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

loky Fkk fd cká thou:iksa ds Hkhrj fNis lR; dks dSls O;Dr fd;k tk;sA bl elys ij mUgksaus

ikap leL;kvksa dk ft+dz fd;k] mUgkasus fy[kk] ^bu fnuksa tks Hkh >wB vkSj vKku ls yM+uk pkgrk gS

vkSj lp fy[kuk pkgrk gS] mls de ls de ikap eqf'dyksa ij vo'; fot; gkfly djuh pkfg,A

mlesa ,sls le; esa lp fy[kus dk ^lkgl* (Courage) gksuk pkfg, tc lp dk gj rjQ+ fojksèk gks

jgk gksA mlesa lR; dks igpkuus dh ^mRlqdrk* (keenness) gksuh pkfg,] Hkys gh gj rjQ+ mls

<adus&fNikus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gksA mlesa lR; dk gfFk;kj dh rjg iz;ksx djus dk ^dkS'ky*

(Skill) gksuk pkfg,A mlesa ;g fu.kZ; (judgement) djus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg, fd fdlds gkFk esa

lR; vfèkd izHkko'kkyh gksxkA mlesa ,sls ;ksX; yksxksa ds chp lR; dk izpkj djus dh prqjkbZ

(cunning) Hkh gksuh pkfg,A Q+klhokn ds vèkhu jg jgs ys[kdksa ds fy, ;s Hkkjh eqf'dysa gksrh gSa]

ysfdu ;s muds lkeus Hkh gksrh gSa tks iyk;u dj x;s gSa ;k fuokZlu esa gSaA ;s eqf'dysa ogka Hkh gSa

tgka ys[kd ,sls ns'k esa jg jgs gSa tgka ukxfjd Lora=krk feyh gqbZ gSA czs[+r ekurs Fks fd vxj dyk

dk mís'; ;q;qRlq rFkk izfrjksèkh ;FkkFkZokn gS rks og dsoy cqtqZvk rFkk loZgkjk ds eè; ds fu.kkZ;d

la?k"kZ ds nkSjku gh viuh lkFkZd Hkwfedk dk fuokZg dj ldrh gSA ;g ,sls la?k"kZ esa gfFk;kj dh rjg

gS tks cqtqZvk lekt ds vafre Hkzked :iksa dks Hkh lekIr dj nsxkA blds fy, dsoy lR; fy[kuk

dkQ+h ugha gS cfYd ,d fo'ks"k ikBd oxZ dks è;ku esa j[kdj lR; dks O;Dr djuk gksxkA mu yksxksa

ds fy, O;Dr djuk gS ftUgsa bldh lokZfèkd vko';drk gS vkSj tks iwathokn dh lekfIr ds la?k"kZ

esa bldk lcls vfèkd izHkko'kkyh bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA blfy, czs[+r ds vuqlkj] yksdfiz; dyk

dk vFkZ gS mRiknd oxZ dh dyk tks 'krkfCn;ksa ls jktuhfr dk f'kdkj (object) jgh gS vkSj vc

mRiknd oxZ ds tux.k jktuhfr dk Lo;a iz;ksx djus dh fLFkfr (subject) esa gSaA lektoknh dykdkjksa

dk dke ,sls yksxksa dh lgk;rk djuk gS rkfd os ,sfrgkfld fodkl izfØ;k esa lfØ;rk ls gLr{ksi

dj ldsa] ^mls myV ldsa] mldh xfr c<+k ldsa] mldh fn'kk fuèkkZfjr dj ldsaA* vius izfrjksèkh

;FkkFkZokn dh voèkkj.kk dh Hkkafr gh mUgksaus yksdfiz;rk dh izfrjksèkh voèkkj.kk ij cy fn;kA muds

leLr dyk&l`tu ds ihNs dk eq[; fopkj cnyrs ;FkkFkZ dks fn[kkuk Fkk ;k ;g fn[kkuk Fkk fd ;FkkFkZ

dks cnyk tk ldrk gSA lektoknh dyk dk mís'; ^ifjorZ'khy ;FkkFkZ esa fufgr vkuan dks le>us

dh bPNk izsfjr* djuk jgk gSA dyk l`tu ds O;kogkfjd iz'uksa ls czs[+r dk ljksdkj njvly dyk

ds O;kogkfjd iz;ksx ls tqM+k gqvk FkkA

czs[+r vkSj yqdkp] nksuksa gh dykRed l`tu ds flðkarksa ds ckjs esa fy[k jgs Fks] ij bl ekeys

esa dykdkj vkSj nk'kZfud ds chp dk varj muds }kjk lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa ds p;u ls izdV gksrk

FkkA tSlk fd yqdkp dh igyh ilan miU;kl Fks tgka oS;fDrdrk vfèkd Li"Vrk ls mHkjrh Fkh vkSj

lkSan;Zcksèkh; vuqHko ijks{k :i esa xzg.k fd;k tkrkA czs[+r us gkykafd miU;kl vkSj dfork,a Hkh dkQ+h

fy[kh gSa] ij eq[; :i ls mudk tqM+ko jaxeap ls Fkk tgka fdlh ikBd fo'ks"k ds LFkku ij O;kid

tulewg ls laidZ d+k;e gksrk gSA bldk ;g eryc ugha fd muds rdZ foèkkvksa dh izkFkfedrk ls

r; gks jgs FksA ij blls ;g rks t+kfgj gksrk gS fd lkSan;Z'kkL=k ds ckjs esa izLrkfor fHkUu èkkj.kk,a

dyk dh fHkUu&fHkUu t+:jrksa dks js[kkafdr dj jgh Fkha vkSj blesa O;fDrxr Lrj ij ,d&nwljs dks

udkjus dh dksbZ Hkkouk ugha FkhA

'kk'orh etwenkj eks- 9971784144 vaxzst+h ls vuqokn % oSHko flag

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 61

cqf)thoh vkSj ckSf)drkokn

va'kqeku flag

rhljh nqfu;k eas okeiFa k dks yxs vk?kkrkas vkjS mleas fo'okl dk tks lda V inS k gqvk g]S mlds
lna HkZ eas cqf)thfo;kas vkjS ckfS )d dk;kaZs ij ,Va kfs u;ks xkz E'kh ds fopkjkas dh ikz lfa xdrk dks le>us
dh dkfs 'k'k bl fuc/a k eas dh x;h gAS vkiS fuofs 'kd 'kklu ds nkjS ku vkjS mlds ckn et+njw kas ds vf/
kdkjkas ds fy, l?a k"kZ dk okeiFa kh bfrgkl jgk g]S yfs du fiNys dqN lkykas eas fo'o ds vf/kdrj Hkkxkas
eas viuh ykds fi;z rk vkjS leFkuZ eas vk;hs t+cnLZ r fxjkoV dk og vlgk; lk{kh jgk gAS okeiFa k dk
;g dfz ed ¼vkjS ckt+ nQ+k vpkud½ gkus s okyk iru mu lcds fy, xHa khj fpra k dk fo"k; gS tks
vc Hkh ,d U;k;i.w kZ vkjS lerkoknh lekt dk liuk n[s krs gAaS lkfs o;r l?a k ds fo?kVu vkjS phu
eas itaw hoknh vkfèkiR; us ,d odS fYid jktuhfrd vkjS vkfFkdZ lja puk dh mEehn dks vkjS Hkh de
dj fn;kA okeiFa k ds urs R` o eas lkekz T;okn&fojk/s kh l?a k"kZ ds nkjS ku et+njw kas vkjS fdlkukas us tks Hkh
ekeyw h ykHk vftrZ fd;s Fk]s fo"kkn vkjS ujS k'; ds bl ekgkyS dk ykHk mBkrs gq, itaw hoknh fo'o ds
ifz rfuf/k mu ij geyk djus dh dkfs 'k'k dj jgs gAaS

et+njw k]as fdlkukas vkjS vkfnokfl;kas dh vkthfodk vkjS vf/kdkjkas ij lkekU; geys ds vykok
rhljh nqfu;k ds n's kkas dh ljdkjas yxkrkj ,ls s uhfrxr fu.k;Z ys jgh gaS tks lkotZ fud vuqnku ls
pyus okys lLa Fkkukas dh gR;k ds cjkcj gAaS bu lLa Fkkukas dh LFkkiuk bl mEehn ds lkFk dh x;h Fkh
fd buds }kjk vra r% ,d vf/kd ykds rkfa =kd vkjS lerkoknh lekt ds fuek.Z k dh vk'kk ijw h gks
ldxs hA Hkkjr eas 1991 eas 'kq: gq, ,ls s uhfrxr fu.k;Z vc jkts +ejkZ dh ckr gks x;s gAaS rFkkdfFkr
lq/kkjkas ds vkxkeh n'kd eas geys dk eq[; y{; mPp f'k{kk dks cuk;k x;k Fkk ftlus fofHkUu {k=s kkas
eas mPp n{krk ikz Ir ykxs kas dk fuek.Z k fd;k Fkk] gkykfa d ipz kj blls myVk fd;k tkrk jgkA 'kkld
oxZ ds vuq:i ckfS )d dk;Z xkz E'kh ds bl fl)kra dks iq"V djrk gS fd f'k{kk gh og vk/kkjHkrw rRo
gS ftl ij vk/kqfud lkekftd ¼^iwathoknh* i<+sa½ laca/k fVds gksrs gSaA xzkE'kh us vius fuca/k
^cqf)thfo;kas dk xBu* eas j[s kkfa dr fd;k Fkk fd vk/kqfud fo'o eas f'k{kk og {k=s k gS tgka ctw qvZ k
lkekftd lca /a k ds ifz r lgefr fuferZ gkrs h g]S ifj"dr` gkrs h gS vkjS l?a kfVr gkrs h gAS ftl rjg
ppZ us vius dk;dZ ÙkkvZ kas ¼;kuh lkera h nqfu;k ds cqf)thoh½ ds lkFk fey dj ,ls s fopkjkas dk fuek.Z k
vkjS fodkl fd;k ftUgkuas s lkera h lca /a kkas dks cuk;s j[kk vkjS mUgas iqufufZ erZ fd;k] Bhd mlh rjg
ykfS dd f'k{kk dh vk/kqfud i.z kkyh ,ls s cqf)thfo;kas dk fuek.Z k djrh gS tks fofHkUu vuq'kklukas ds
ek/;e ls ctw vqZ k lH;rk] lLa df` r vkjS jktuhfr dks ikz Rs lkfgr djrs g]aS mUgas o/S krk inz ku djrs gAaS

xkz E'kh ds vuqlkj] cqf)thfo;kas vkjS muds viu&s vius {k=s kkas dks mu fopkjkas dh ^rkfÙod* idz f` r
ls ugha le>uk pkfg, ftUgas os fuferZ djrs g]aS cfYd lkekftd lca /a kkas dh lef"V eas mUgkuas s tks
LFkku vf/kdr` dj j[kk g]S ;kuh fd ,d fof'k"V lkekftd&vkfFkdZ lja puk ds lja {k.k] iqufueZ k.Z k

62 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vkjS mPNns u eas tks Hkfw edk os fuHkkrs g]aS mlls le>uk pkfg,A bldk fufgrkFkZ ;g gS fd cqf)thoh
lkekftd ikz .kh gS tks ,d lkekftd&vkfFkdZ O;oLFkk ds i{k eas ;k fojk/s k eas fopkjkas dks lf` tr djrk
gAS xkz E'kh ,ls s cqf)thfo;kas dks ^tfS od* cqf)thoh dgrs gaS D;kfas d muds dk;Z fof'k"V legw kas ds
jktuhfrd vkjS lkekftd fgrkas ls tfS od :i eas tqM+s gkrs s gAaS fof'k"V lkekftd xBu ls ckfS )d
fopkjkas dks tkMs +rs gq, xkz E'kh cqf)thfo;kas ds ,ls s lla kj ds vfLrRo ij loky [kM+k djrs gaS ftlds
fuoklh viuk le; fopkjkas vkjS erkas ds uqd+lkujfgr l?a k"k@Z loa kn eas xqt+kjrs gkAas xkz E'kh rdZ nrs s
gq, dgrs gaS fd ,ls h nqfu;k dh /kkj.kk fopkjkas vkjS HkkfS rd okLrfodrk ds chp [kkbZ dk vk/kkj curh
gAS nlw js 'kCnkas e]as ,d lqfo/kktud ¼vkjS vf/kdrj ekeykas eas ifz rxkeh½ ekU;rk bl :i eas vkdkj
xgz .k djus yxrh gS fd cqf)thoh lkekU; okLrfodrk dh nqfu;k ls njw jgrk gS vkjS og nlw js
cqf)thfo;kas ds lkFk cgl&eqckfgls eas gh O;Lr jgrk gAS ,d ckj tc ;g fopkj gekjh prs uk eas
iBS tkrk g]S rks fQj ge mu fopkjkas ds HkkfS rd lna HkkaZs dh ryk'k ugha dj ldr]s cfYd ge fopkjkas
ds chp gh vkx&s ihNs gkrs s jgrs g]aS ekuks lHkh fopkj ,d nlw js ls gh inS k gqvk djrs gAaS xkz E'kh ds
vuqlkj ,ls h fdlh Hkh ckfS )d xfrfof/k dh] tks cqf)thoh ds jktuhfrd vkjS lkekftd ekgkyS ls
ijw h rjg dVh gqbZ irz hr gkrs h g]S fu;fr ;gh gS fd og ;FkkfLFkfr dk mRlo cu dj jg tk;As ,ls s
cqf)thoh ikjia fjd cqf)thoh dgs tk ldrs gAaS

ckfS )d xfrfof/k dks Lolya Xu vkjS Lofun'Zs kkRed :i eas n[s kus ds eq[; urhtkas eas ls ,d g]S
og fHkUurk tks cqf)thfo;kas vkjS ^xjS cqf)thfo;k*as ds chp vk tkrh gAS xkz E'kh ds vuqlkj] x+jS
cqf)thoh tlS h dkbs Z J.s kh ugha gkrs hA ;gka rd fd lcls vf/kd d"Vdkjd 'kkjhfjd Je dks djus
ds fy, Hkh cqf) dh t+:jr gkrs h gAS ;gh dkj.k gS fd xkz E'kh ds 'kCnkas e]as lHkh euq"; cqf)thoh gkrs s
gAaS cqf)thfo;kas dh J.s kh ij lEeku dk fo'k"s k rexk fn;s tkus dks [+kkfjt djrs gq, xkz E'kh ekuo
m|e dks ^fnekx+h@rh{.k cqf)* vkjS ^'kkjhfjd@ekVs h cqf)* ds vk/kkj ij Hkns djus ds ihNs fufgr
J.s khc)rk ij Hkh loky [kM+k djrs gAaS

21oha lnh ds Hkkjr eas Xkkz E'kh ds bl vkxgz dh fo'k"s k ikz lfa xdrk gS fd cqf)thfo;kas dks
lkekftd&jktuhfrd {k=s k eas mudh Hkfw edk ls le>k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr eas Lor=a krk vkna kys u ds
le; ls ckfS )d xfrfof/k dk ,d Li"V jktuhfrd ,tMas k jgk gAS ;g fLFkfr fodflr lla kj ds
vuds fgLlkas ls fcYdqy fHkUu gS tgka ckfS )d xfrfof/k bruh vf/kd fof'k"V gkrs h gS fd mldh
jktuhfrd vkjS lkekftd lkFkdrZ k dks igpkuuk gh vR;f/kd dfBu gks tkrk gAS Lor=a krk vkna kys u
ds ml nkjS eas tc Hkkjr eas lkekz T;oknfojk/s kh l?a k"kZ fd;k tk jgk Fkk] ,d jktuhfr'kUw ; vkjS lna HkgZ hu
ckfS )d xfrfofèk dh dYiuk ek=k gh vlHa ko FkhA vxj xkz E'kh ds cqf)thoh ledkyhu jktuhfr dh
rqyuk eas viuh ikz phu ckfS )d fojklr ¼vQ+ykruw vkjS vjLr½w ls vius lca /a k ds ifz r T+;knk lprs
Fk]s rks Hkkjrh; cqf)thfo;kas }kjk ikz phu Hkkjrh; lLa df` r vkjS lH;rk eas ,d ^xkjS o'kkyh* nkjS dk
vkfo"dkj] ,d lprs vkjS ltx jktuhfrd i;z kl FkkA og ml vkRelEeku dks iqu%LFkkfir djus
dk i;z kl Fkk ftls lH;rk vkjS lLa df` r dh lkekz T;oknh /kkj.kkvkas us u"V dj fn;k FkkA

Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds lkekz T;okn&fojk/s kh nkjS eas tk's khyh jktuhfrd ckfS )d xfrfof/k Li"V
fn[kk;h nrs h Fkh tks lkekftd vkjS jktuhfrd ifjoruZ dh vkjs ioz Ù` k FkhA ;g ckfS )d xfrfof/k fdu
fofHkUu voLFkkvkas ls xqt+jrs gq, /khj&s /khjs det+kjs iM+h vkjS fdl rjg ,d u;s idz kj dk cqf)thoh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 63

vfLrRo eas vk;k tks xkz E'kh ds ikjia fjd cqf)thoh ds lkpa s eas fQV cBS rk g]S bls le>us vkjS bldk
fooj.k nus s ds fy, ,d fHkUu v/;;u dh vko';drk gkxs hA ;gka ;g dguk dkQ+h gkxs k fd Hkkjrh;
cqf)thoh dk vjktuhfrdj.k vius vki eas fo'o&itaw hokn dh ckfS )d vkØkedrk dh mit gAS

xkz E'kh ds vuqlkj] dkbs Z Hkh lkekftd&jktuhfrd ifjoruZ rHkh lHa ko gkrs k gS tc og oxZ tks
jktuhfrd vkjS lkekftd lÙkk ikuk pkgrk g]S nks 'kraZs ijw h djrk gS % igyh ;g fd og igys ls
ektS nw cqf)thoh oxZ dh dYiuk'kfDr ij vf/kdkj LFkkfir djrk gS vkjS mls viuh rjQ+ ykus dh
dkfs 'k'k djrk gAS xkz E'kh dh nf` "V eas bl oxZ }kjk iHz kqRo LFkkfir dj yus k gh dkQ+h ugha gkrs kA bl
oxZ dks vius ^tfS od* cqf)thfo;ksa dk ik"s k.k vkjS foLrkj djds jktuhfr] d+kuuw ] fopkj/kkjk] lLa df` r
vkfn vf/klja pukRed {k=s kkas eas viuk ifz rfuf/kRo Hkh LFkkfir djuk gkrs k gAS

;fn ge Lok/khurk l?a k"kZ ds nkjS ku Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr dk v/;;u djas rks ik;xas s fd
Hkys gh vf/kdrj elykas ij bl nkjS ds cqf)thoh oxZ ds vyx&vyx rc+dkas ds vyx&vyx ut+fj;s
Fk]s yfs du fQj Hkh os lHkh rcd+s viuh lkekz T;okn&fojk/s kh eqfge eas ,dtqV FkAs vkt+knh ds ckn ds
nkjS eas tlS &s tlS s Hkkjrh; cfq )thoh oxZ ds vyx&vyx rcd+kas dks ,dtVq j[kus okyh lkekz T;okn&fojkès kh
lolZ Eefr /kfw ey iM+us yxh vkjS ;g ekuk tkus yxk fd ;g lolZ Eefr uohu Hkkjrh; jk"Vª dh
jktuhfrd vkjS vkfFkdZ O;oLFkk ds fo'y"s k.k ds fy, x+jS &t+:jh g]S olS &s olS s os rc+ds ,d&nlw js ls njw
gkrs s pys x;As ,ls s eas jktuhfrd okeiFa k ds cqf)thfo;kas dh ;g ft+Eens kjh curh Fkh fd os tulk/
kkj.k ds lEeq[k Hkkjr eas itaw hokn ds fodkl vkjS vejhdk ds urs R` o eas if'pe ds lkekz T;okn ds u;s
pgs js dk lca /a k mtkxj djrs vkjS mu ij viuk opLZ o vkjS Hkh et+crw djrAs nqHkkXZ ;o'k ,ls k ugha
gks ldkA igys ls ektS nw cqf)thoh oxZ dks lektoknh ikz ts Ds V dh vko';drk vkjS O;kogkfjdrk ds
ckjs eas d+k;y dj ikuk rks njw dh ckr g]S okeiFa kh cqf)thfo;kas us vius jktuhfrd fojkfs /k;kas ds fy,
jkLrk fcYdqy [kqyk NkMs + fn;k gS D;kfas d os Hkkjrh; lekt ls tqM+s dqN fo'k"s k elyk]as tlS s fd tkfr
vkjS lkia nz kf;drk] ij iqufopZ kj djus eas vleFkZ jgs gAaS ;g dguk okLro eas dfBu gkxs k fd et+njw
oxZ dh muds ^tfS od* cqf)thfo;kas us uqekbna xh dh ;k fd et+njw oxZ dos y cqf)thoh lHa kkz ra oxZ
}kjk ifz rikfnr jktuhfrd fopkjkas dk fuf"Ø; ikz id gAS xkz E'kh us ge's kk ckfS )d vkfHktkR; dks
Q+klhoknh jktuhfr dk gh ,d :i ekuk tgka et+njw oxZ cqf)thoh urs kvkas dh uhfr;kas dk vktS +kj
Hkj cu dj jg tkrk gAS

nlw jh vkjs ] itwa hifr oxZ ds nyky cqf)thoh oxZ u]s tks fo'o itaw hokn ds LokFkkaZs dk ifz rfuf/kRo
djrk g]S rFkkdfFkr lkekftd {k=s k ds O;kolk;hdj.k vkjS futhdj.k ds ckjs eas lolZ Eefr LFkkfir
djds vf/kd dq'kyrk ls dke fd;k gAS lla kj Hkj eas okeiFa kh gqdew rkas ds iru ls mUgas lkgl feyk
vkjS bfrgkl eas igyh ckj os [kqys ckt+kj dh uhfr;kas vkjS vckf/kr futhdj.k dh okNa uh;rk ds ckjs
eas vHkrw iow Z lolZ Eefr d+k;e dj lds gAaS ;g lHa ko gS fd vkt dh mPp f'k{kk ij gks jgk igz kj bl
lolZ Eefr dk ifj.kke gkAs ;g igz kj rc vkjS egÙoi.w kZ gks tkrk gS tc bls xkz E'kh ds bl vkxgz
ds ifji{sz ; eas n[s kk tk;s fd Ldyw vkjS f'k{kk ds vU; dnas z os LFkku gaS tgka u;s fopkj x<+s tkrs g]aS
mudks lefs dr fd;k tkrk gS vkjS fQj mUgas pqukrS h nh tkrh gAS ;g Li"V gS fd vkt Hkkjr dh
f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds bl euekus iquxBZ u dks nh tk jgh pqukrS h cgs n det+kjs gS D;kfas d bleas okeiFa k
vlQy jgk gAS lkofZ =kd ikz bejh f'k{kk] n's kt vko';drkvkas dks ijw k djus okyh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ¼tks

64 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fd fo'o ckt+kj dh vko';drkvkas dks ijw k djus ds fy, u cuk;h x;h gk½s tlS s fopkjkas ds bn&Z fxnZ
,d opLZ ooknh lolZ Eefr cukus eas okeiFa k fujra j vlQy jgk gAS bl rjg urw urk ds uke ij
ge ml O;oLFkk dks u"V djus ds fuyTZ t vkjS [kqys i;z kl n[s krs gaS ftleas viuh reke vi.w krZ kvksa
ds ckotnw Hkkjrh; turk ds x+jhc vkjS gkf'k;s ij fLFkr rcd+kas ds fy, dqN LFkku FkkA vejhdk dh
oreZ ku mPp f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds ekMW ykas dh ud+y dks fcuk fdlh cgl ;k fopkj&foe'kZ ds Hkkjrh;
fo|kFkhZ leqnk; ij Fkkis uk] 'kkld oxZ ds icz y fopkj/kkjkRed vkRefo'okl dk ifjpk;d gAS vkt
'kkld oxZ [kqn dks ,ls h Lig` .kh; fLFkfr eas ik jgk gS tgka og fcuk fdlh ifz rjk/s k dk [k+rjk mBk;s
ektS nw k f'k{kk&O;oLFkk dk fo[kMa u dj ldrk gAS

bl rjg] xkz E'kh dk lkekftd ifjoruZ dh 'kq#vkr ds fy, okeiFa k dh ckfS )d igyd+neh dh
egÙkk ij t+kjs nus k Hkkjrh; oke ds fy, ,d egÙoi.w kZ lcd+ gAS okeiFa k ds opLZ o dh vlQyrk
ds dkj.k 'kkld oxZ eas ,d m)r vgda kj vkjS dBkjs rk vk;h gAS ;s u;s jo;S s bl ckr eas fn[kk;h
nrs s gaS fd jktlÙkk lkotZ fud ifjlia fÙk dk futhdj.k djus dh vkjs fdruh rts +h ls vxlz j gAS
Hkkjrh; lekt ds '“ kkfs "kr] mRihfMr+ vkjS gkf'k;s ij [kMs+ oxkaZs dk lgh ek;us eas ifz rfuf/kRo djus okys
cqf)thoh dk iez q[k dk;Z ;g gS fd og mu reke vdknfed vkjS 'kfS {kd {k=s kkas e]as ftueas gq,
vjktuhfrdj.k us ckfS )d xfrfof/k ds vlyh lkekftd egÙo dks Nhu fy;k g]S jktuhfrd vk;ke
dks nkcs kjk 'kkfey djs vkjS ckfS )d xfrfof/k;kas dk fQj ls jktuhfrdj.k djAs rHkh ,d lkFkdZ
ckfS )d okn&fookn 'kq: gks ik;xs k vkjS 'kkld oxZ dh ;s fujda q'k vkjS Q+klhoknh igyd+nfe;ka
#dxas hA

va'kqeku flag eks- 9810322648
vuqokn % tojheYy ikj[k vkSj fot;Jh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 65

izxfr'khy vkanksyu vkSj nfyr foe'kZ

rqylh jke

nfyr lkfgR; D;k gS\ D;k nfyr lkfgR; flQ+Z nfyrksa }kjk fy[kk x;k lkfgR; gS\ D;k
xS+jnfyr nfyr lkfgR; ugha fy[k ldrk\ D;k nfyr lkfgR; lektokn dk nq'eu gS\ D;k nfyr
lkfgR; esa lkSan;Z'kkL=kh; xq.k ugha gSa\ vkfn] vkfnA ;s dqN ,sls iz'u gSa] tks bl le; izeq[krk ls
mBk;s tk jgs gSaA ,d ckr lkQ+ gks pqdh gS fd nfyrksa dh ekSfyd leL;k tkfr O;oLFkk ls tqM+h
gqbZ gS vkSj tkfr O;oLFkk ¯gnw èkeZ ls mRiUu gqbZ gSA blhfy, Mk- vacsMdj us dgk Fkk fd tkfr O;oLFkk
¯gnw èkeZ dh lkal gS] blfy, ¯gnw tkfr O;oLFkk dks dHkh ugha NksM+saxsA lu~ 2002 esa Mjcu esa fdlh
Hkh rjg ds lkekftd HksnHkko ds fo#ð laiUu varjjk"Vªh; lEesyu ds volj ij fo'o ¯gnw ifj"kn
ds mikè;{k fxfjjkt fd'kksj us ,d c;ku esa dgk Fkk fd tkfr O;oLFkk ds fojksèk esa fdlh Hkh rjg
dh cgl gekjs èkk£ed vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku gSA la?k ifjokj dh ,slh ekU;rkvksa ls Hkh irk pyrk
gS fd ¯gnw èkeZ ls tkfr O;oLFkk dks vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl lanHkZ esa nfyr lkfgR; tkfr
O;oLFkk fojksèkh lkfgR; flð gksrk gSA blls ;g Hkh t+kfgj gksrk gS fd tkfr O;oLFkk ds fo#ð tks
Hkh vkokt+ mBkrk gS] og nfyr eqfDr ds loky dks vPNh rjg le>rk gSA izkphu dky esa tkfr
O;oLFkk ds f[+kykQ+ lcls l'kDr vkokt+ xkSre cqð dh Fkh] ftls ckSð fHk{kqvksa rFkk ckSð lezkVksa us
lkekftd ifjorZu ds fy, vfHk;ku ds :i esa viuk;kA os yxHkx lHkh xS+j&nfyr FksA bl rjg
nfyr lkfgR; dk mn~xe ckSð lkfgR; esa feyrk gSA nfyrksa esa dqN ,sls yksx gSa] tks tkfr O;oLFkk
ds f'kdkj gksrs gq, Hkh tkfroknh Hkkouk j[krs gSa] ftlds pyrs os nkok djrs gSa fd nfyr lkfgR;
flQ+Z nfyr gh fy[k ldrk gSA ,slh ekU;rk j[kus okys yksx xkSre cqð rFkk vU; xS+j nfyr
euhf"k;ksa }kjk tkfr O;oLFkk ds fo#ð fd;s x;s ;ksxnku dks [+kkfjt dj nsrs gSaA ,sls yksx nfyrksa
esa mRiUu jfonkl] dchj] pks[kk esyk vkfn tSlh egku foHkwfr;ksa ds cgkus tkfr O;oLFkk fojksèkh
xS+j&nfyr ijaijk ij vFkZghu vkØe.k djrs gSaA bl rjg os tkfr fojksèkh vfHk;ku dks ladqfpr tkrh;
[kkaps esa can j[kus dk iz;kl dj jgs gaSA bl ekU;rk ds pyrs os nfyr lkfgR; dks vyxkookn dk
f'kdkj cukus ij rqys gq, gSaA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd nfyr lkfgR; Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk ,d vfHkUu
?kVd gSA tkfr O;oLFkk Hkkjrh; èkeZ] laLÑfr ,oa ijaijk dh nsu gS] blfy, tc rd iwjk lekt blds
fo#ð [kM+k ugha gksxk] ;g vekuoh; O;oLFkk lekIr ugha gksxhA

orZeku le; esa Mk- ckck lkgsc vacsMdj ds cgkus dE;qfuLVksa rFkk vU; okeiafFk;ksa dks Hkyk&cqjk
dgk tk jgk gAS ,ls s ykxs ;g flð djus dh dkfs 'k'k djrs gaS fd ckck lkgcs vca Ms dj dE;qfuLV fojkès kh
Fks] blfy, mudk fojksèk vkt Hkh tkjh gSA MkW- vacsMdj ckSð gksus ds ukrs ¯glk ds fojksèkh vo'; Fks]
fdarq os lektokn ds dV~Vj leFkZd FksA MkW- vacsMdj us lu~ 1951 esa 'ksM~;wYM dkLV Q+sMjs'ku dk
?kks"k.kk i=k fy[kk] ftlds 'kq: esa gh mUgkasus turkaf=kd iz.kkyh dk xgu fo'ys"k.k fd;kA mudk tura=k
esa vVwV fo'okl Fkk] blfy, dE;qfuLVksa ls le>kSrk u djus dh ckr mUgksaus dghA ns'k esa ml le;

66 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fHkUu ifjfLFkfr FkhA gky gh esa rsyaxkuk dk l'kDr la?k"kZ lekIr gqvk FkkA blfy, MkW- vacsMdj
dk dE;qfuLV fojksèk rkRdkfyd ifjfLFkfr dh nsu FkkA Bhd mlh le; izflð lkfgR;dkj eqYdjkt
vkuUn ls ,d eqykd+kr esa MkW- vacsMdj us ifjHkkf"kr fd;k Fkk] ^iawthokn izkbosV m|ksxifr;ksa dh
rkuk'kkgh gSA* vr% os iwathokn ds dV~Vj fojksèkh Fks vkSj os iwathokn dks rkuk'kkgh O;oLFkk ekurs FksA
Mk- vacsMdj us ml ?kks"k.kk i=k esa ;g Hkh lkQ+ fy[kk Fkk fd nfyrksa dks ¯gnw egklHkk rFkk vkj-,l-
,l- tSls izfrfØ;koknh laxBuksa ls dHkh le>kSrk ugha djuk pkfg,] D;kasfd os tkfr O;oLFkk dh
odkyr djrs gSaA fdarq dqN nfyrksa esa ,d mYVh èkkjk cg jgh gSA os egkjk"Vª esa f'kolsuk] ch-ts-
ih- ds lkFk gks x;s rFkk mÙkj izns'k esa la?k ifjokj ds lkFk rhu ckj ek;korh us ljdkj cuk;hA u
flQZ+ bruk] mUgksaus ujsanz eksnh tSls ¯gld ¯gnqRooknh dk pquko izpkj Hkh fd;kA bl jktuhfrd
fodkl Øe dk nfyr lkfgR; ij xgjk udkjkRed izHkko iM+k gSA blls tkfr O;oLFkk fojksèkh eqfge
dks cgqr èkDdk igqapk gSA bl rjg ds jktuhfrd izHkko esa dbZ nfyr lkfgR;dkj reke izxfr'khy
okeiaFkh lkfgfR;d ijaijk ij vkØe.k djrs ik;s tkrs gSaA ,sls yksx tkfr O;oLFkk fojksèkh vfHk;ku
dks udkjus dk vFkZghu iz;kl dj jgs gSaA orZeku ;qx esa lu~ 1917 dh :lh Økafr us reke fd+Le
dh èkeZtfur 'kks"k.kdkjh lH;rk] laLÑfr ,oa ijaijk ds fo#ð vkokt+ nh] ftlds izHkko esa fo'o Lrj
ij izxfr'khy lkfgR; dk mn~Hko gqvkA bl lanHkZ eas Hkkjr esa izxfr'khy lkfgR; us orZeku nfyr
lkfgR; dh i`"BHkwfe rS;kj dh gSA blfy, nksuksa esa cgqr lekurk gSA vkil esa ,d nwljs dks nq'eu
dh laKk nsuk cgqr cM+h Hkwy gksxhA tkfr O;oLFkk fojksèkh lekt vkSj lektoknh lekt esa dksbZ varj
ugha gSA blfy, izxfr'khy rkd+rksa ,oa nfyrksa ds chp u flQ+Z lkfgfR;d ,drk LFkkfir gksuh
pkfg,] cfYd jktuhfrd Lrj ij Hkh mUgsa ,d lkFk vkuk pkfg,A ekDlZ ,oa MkW- vacsMdj ,d nwljs
ds iwjd gSa rFkk cqð muds laj{kd gSaA

tgka rd nfyr lkfgR; esa lkSan;Z'kkL=k dk loky gS] ;g elyk bl le; cM+s t+ksj&'kksj ls mBk;k
tk jgk gSA ijaijkxr lkSan;Z'kkL=k jktk&jkfu;ksa ds izse&lacaèkksa rd lhfer gqvk djrk FkkA Hkkjr esa
okeiaFkh lkfgR;dkjksa us bls [khap dj et+nwj oxZ ls tksM+kA ;g u;k lkSan;Z'kkL=k lkekftd eqfDr dk
vkèkkj cukA lknaS ;'Z kkL=kh; ik=k cnyus yxAs bl lknaS ;'Z kkL=k us 'kk"s k.kdkjh O;oLFkk ds fo#ð vius dks
LFkkfir fd;kA nfyr lkfgR; mlh dk ,d fgLlk gAS nfyr lkfgR; eas ;FkkFkoZ knh lknaS ;'Z kkL=k eqfDr dh
dkeuk ysdj mHkj jgk gSA lu~ 2010 esa lkfgR; dk ukscsy iqjLdkj ?kksf"kr djrs gq, iqjLdkj lfefr
ds ,d lnL; us dgk Fkk fd ^;fn >wB u gks rks fQ+D'ku ;kuh x| ;k dFkk lkfgR; ugha fy[kk tk
ldrkA*

Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr esa ijaijkxr lanHkZ esa ;gh >wB lkSan;Z'kkL=k dk izrhd cu x;kA nfyr lkfgR;
bl >wB dks ,dne udkjrk gSA nfyr vkRedFkkvksa us Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks ,d u;k vk;ke fn;k gSA
vc lknaS ;'Z kkL=k cnyus yxk gAS nfyr vkRedFkk ,d ,ls h fo/kk gS tks vU; ls fcYdqy fHkUu gAS nfyr
vkRedFkkvksa us fo'kky :i ls ikBd oxZ rS;kj fd;k gSA vkRedFkkvksa esa bruh #fp dHkh ugha yh x;h
FkhA bl lanHkZ esa nfyr vkRedFkkvksa us Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks l'kDr cuk;k gSA lkfgR; esa ;g ,d u;k
lkSan;Z'kkL=k gS] tks lkekftd HksnHkko dks ledkyhu lksp dh lrg ij ykdj blds fo#ð yM+us dh
izsj.kk nsrk gSA bl le; tkfr O;oLFkk u;s fljs ls cM+h et+cwrh ds lkFk mHkj dj lkeus izLrqr gks
jgh gS] ftldk eq[; dkj.k èkk£ed deZdkaMksa ,oa vaèkfo'oklksa dk rst+h ls QSyuk gSA ckcjh efLt+n

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 67

dks fxjkus ds ckn la?k ifjokj jktuhfr esa [kqys vke èkeZ dk bLrseky rkfyckuh 'kSyh esa dj jgk gS]
ftlds dkj.k vaèkfo'oklh deZdkaMh rFkkdfFkr lkèkq&larksa dh Hkjekj gks x;h gSA ehfM;k dk bLrseky
djds ?kj&?kj esa vaèkfo'oklh èkk£ed ekU;rkvksa dks QSyk;k tk jgk gSA Qyr% fofHkUu eafnjksa esa
vjcksa&[kjcksa #i;s gj lky tek gksrs tk jgs gaSA eafnjksa esa #i;s fxuus dh e'khuksa dk bLrseky fd;k
tk jgk gSA ;s #i;s vaèkfo'okl ds rgr èkk£ed tkylkt+h dh nsu gSaA bu èkk£ed vaèkfo'oklksa us
,d u;h vFkZO;oLFkk dks tUe fn;k gS] ftls eSa fjpqvy bdksukWeh vFkkZr deZdkaMh vFkZO;oLFkk dgrk
gwaA ;g fjpqvy bdksukWeh ,d rjQ+ Hkkjrh; vFkZ&O;oLFkk dks det+ksj dj jgh gS] ogha nwljh rjQ+
;g tkfr O;oLFkk ,oa lkekftd HksnHkko dks et+cwr dj jgh gSA fjpqvy bdksukWeh dkys èku ls T+;knk
[+krjukd Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA c<+rk èkk£ed vaèkfo'okl ekuo efLr"d dks foosdghu cuk jgk gSA
bl le; t+:jr gS nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa ,oa okeiaFkh ys[kdksa dks ,d eap ij vkdj tkfr O;oLFkk
dks et+cwr djus okys bu èkk£ed vaèkfo'oklh deZdkaMksa ds fo#ð lkfgfR;d vfHk;ku pykus dhA
vU;Fkk nfyr lkfgR; viuh okLrfod Hkwfedk ls nwj HkVd tk;sxkA

Qksu % 011&26741520
eks- % 9868249324

68 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

izxfr'khy&tuoknh iqutkZxj.k dh vko';drk

fotsanz

izysl cuk 1936 esaA vkt+knh feyh 1947 esa A ij fujkyk 1923 esa 'kksf"kr mRihfM+r turk ds] ^nq[k
ds cèa ku* rkMs +us dks Lor=a krk dk ikB dj jgs Fk^µs Lor=a krk dk ikB ge djrs n[q k ds cèa ku rkMs A+sa *
blh le; mudh n`f"V Hkw[k ls =kLr yksxksa dks ns[k muds dfo eu dks ihM+k ns jgh Fkh %

Hkw[k ls lw[k vksB tc tkrs
.....
?kwaV vkalqvksa dk ihdj jg tkrs
pkV jgs twBh iÙky
os lHkh lM+d ij [kM+s gq,
vkSj >iV ysus dks muls dqÙks Hkh gSa vM+s gq,
;kuh fujkyk cgqr igys ls ^x+jhcksa dh iqdkj* lqu jgs FksA mUgsa Kku Fkk fd Hkkjrh; euq"; dh ihM+k
dk var fcuk Lokèkhurk ik;s laHko ugha gSA mlds fy, O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu igyh 'krZ gS] D;ksafd
Lokèkhu gksdj gh lexz tkfr fuHkZ; cu ldrh gSA tc tkfr fuHkZ; gksxh rHkh og viuh Lokèkhurk
ds fy, la?k"kZ dj ldsxhA dfo ds fy, Lokèkhu gksuk gh ^fuHkZ;* dk i;kZ; gS% ^Lokèkhu dk gh @
,d vFkZ fuHkZ; gS*A blls yxrk gS fujkyk Hkkjrh; eqfDrlaxzke dh psruk ls izsfjr gksdj mu ckrksa
dks dg jgs Fks tks vkxs pydj izysl dk Hkh ladYi cuhA lc tkurs gSa fd Hkkjrh; izxfr'khy]
tuoknh] yksdèkehZ jpuk'khyrk dks izsfjr djus esa Hkkjrh; eqfDr laxzke dh izeq[k Hkwfedk jgh gSA
og ,d rjg ls ^Hkkjrh; iqutkZxj.k* Hkh gSA 1857 dh jkT;Økafr lkezkT;okn rFkk lkearokn fojksèkh
FkhA jkefoykl 'kekZ ds vuqlkj ^20 oha lnh dh tuoknh Økafr;ksa dh yach viw.kZ 'k`a[kyk esa izFke
egÙoiw.kZ Økafr*A eqfDrlaxzke dk y{; Fkk tkrh; ,drk] lkezkT;okn&lkearokn ls eqfDr rFkk u;h
lerkewyd yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk dh LFkkiukA ;gka t+ksj ^yksd* ij gS] og yksd tks eqfDr laxzke ds
nkSj esa vaxzst+ksa ds fo#) yM+dj gj rjg dh dqckZfu;k¡ ns jgk FkkA Jfed] fdlku] vU; lkekU; tu
rFkk vkfnoklh vkfn laxfBr gksdj yM+ jgs FksA ;g ogh ^yksd* gS ftls vkpk;Z Hkjr rhu rjg ds
ykxs kas eas n[s krs g^µaS Jekr*Z ;kuh dBkjs Je ls n[q kh tuA ^n[q kkr*Z ;kuh thou eas vuds vHkkokas ls
izrkfM+r tuA ^'kksdkrZ* ;kuh izkÑfrd O;kfèk;ksa ds vk?kkrksa ls 'kksdxzLr tuA vkt Hkh yksd esa ,sls
gh tuksa dk ckgqY; gSA lkekU; rFkk vfr lkekU; ij t+ksj gksus dh otg ls gh geus yksdrkaf=kd
thou i)fr dks pquk gSA dguk u gksxk vkt ^yksd* loZgkjk dk i;kZ; cu x;k gSA dbZ ckj eq>s
vpjt gqvk ;g tkudj fd dqN tuoknh vkSj izxfr'khy ^yksd* dks iyk;uokfn;ksa dk ^vkjkexkg*
dg dj mls fiNM+h laosnuk dk izrhd ekurs gSaA dqN i<+s fy[ks fuj{kj iwNrs gSa fd vkf[k+j vkt ds
oSKkfud ;qx esa ;g ^yksd* gS D;k! ,slk Hkze blfy, gS D;ksafd cqtqZvk vius euksjatu ds fy, yksd
ds xku] fp=kdyk mRlo] vaèkfo'okl] os'kHkw"kk vkfn dks gh yksd ekurk vk;k gSA cM+s iSekus ij
nsl&fonsl esa ;gh izpkfjr Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ij mlds la?k"kZèkehZ :i dks lkeus ugha yk;k x;kA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 69

yksdra=k esa t+:jh gS ge yksd dh iquO;kZ[;k dj bfrgkl esa izfrfcafcr mlds vVwV }a} rFkk la?k"kZ
dks Hkh crk;saA ^dqN yksx yksd dks xkao vkSj 'kgj esa foHkkftr dj u;k Hkze QSykrs gSaA yksd loZgkjk
ds vFkZ esa xkao&'kgj dh lhek dks yka?k dj oSf'od izfrjksèkh rFkk vijkts; 'kfDr gSA gj tkfr ds
lkaLÑfrd :i ds lekukarj mldk ,d la?k"kZèkehZ :i Hkh gksrk gSA ij cqtqZvk vius fgr ds fy,
mlds euksjatd :i dks lkeus ykrk gS] la?k"kZèkehZ :i dks ughaA izxfr'khyrk ;k tuokn fcuk ^yksd*
ds fØ;kghu vkSj fu"izk.k gksxkA fdlkuksa] Jfedksa rFkk vkfnokfl;ksa ds la?k"kZ dks fcuk le>s D;k
ge eqfDrlaxzke ds lgh :i dks le> ldrs gSa\ yksd gh izxfr'khyrk ;k tuokn dh dsanzh; 'kfDr
gSA ogh mldh varoZLrqA

chloh lnh ds rhljs pkSFks n'kd esa eqfDr laxzke dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku ,d okeiaFkh ;k dgsa
yksdèkehZ #>ku mHkjk FkkA bldh fn'kk Fkh ,d yksdèkehZ lektoknh O;oLFkk d+k;e djukA fujkyk
1924 ds vkl ikl Hkkjrh; 'kksf"kr fdlku dks txkdj ckny dks ^foIyo dk ohj* dg jgs FksA ;gh
ugha] os yksd dks eqdqV igukus ds fy, Hkh bPNqd gSa % ^foIyo ls NksVs gh 'kksHkk ikrs*A

èkuh otz xtZu ls ckny
.....
th.kZ ckgq] gS 'kh.kZ 'kjhj
rq>s cqykrk Ñ"kd vèkhj
,s foIyo ds ohj
pwl fy;k gS mldk lkj
gkM+ ekal gh gS vkèkkj
blls ;g Hkh yxrk gS fd fujkyk :l dh cksY'kfod Økafr ls Hkh izsfjr FksA ij mudk è;ku] Hkkjrh;
ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj] Jfedksa ds lkFk fdlkuksa dh rjQ Hkh FkkA bls vkt ds dfo dks Hkh è;ku esa
j[kus dh t+:jr gSA fcuk fdlku vkSj Jfedksa ds ,dtqV gq, ;gka dksbZ cqfu;knh ifjorZu laHko
ugha gksxkA lÙkk dks izHkkfor djus esa fdlkuksa dh rkd+r vkt Hkh T+;knk vljnkj gSA fdlku laxfBr
gksdj vkanksfyr gksrs gSa rks Hkkjrh; tu'kfDr dk :i eq[kj gksrk gSA lÙkk mlds lkeus >qdrh gSA
bl okeiaFkh #>ku dk vlj ml le; dh jpuk'khyrk esa Hkh izfrfcafcr gSA ;g fo'o bfrgkl
dk og nkSj Fkk tc lksfo;r la?k lektoknh ns'k gksus ds ukrs fo'o bfrgkl esa viuh idM+ et+cwr dj
jgk FkkA rhljh nqfu;k ds ns'k mls vius fy, ,d ekWMy dh rjg ns[k jgs FksA ,d rjg ls iwathokn dk
,d lgh izsjd fodYi gekjs lkeus FkkA bldk izHkko fo'o ds ys[kdksa ij iM+uk lgt LokHkkfod gh
FkkA fo'o ds lHkh ns'kHkDr] 'kkafrfiz; rFkk lerk pkgus okys ns'k lksfo;r la?k dks viuk vkn'kZ ekurs
FksA vkt dh rjg ml le; Hkh iwathoknh O;oLFkk ?kksj ladV dk lkeuk dj jgh FkhA blh ds
ifj.kkeLo:i ;jw kis eas Q+kflT+e dk mn; gqvkA fo'o ds lHkh 'kkfa rfi;z ] ykds rkfa =kd rFkk tuoknh ykxs kas
ds fy, QkflTe ,d [krjukd puq krS h FkkA Hkkjr eas bl tufojkès kh ioz f` Ùk ds ifz rjkès k ds fy, ixz fr'khy
fopkjèkkjk rFkk lektoknh ladYi dks ewrZ djus gsrq vkSj n`<+rk izkIr gqbZA lekt rFkk jktuhfrd {ks=k
dh bu xfrfofèk;ksa dk vlj ys[kdksa ij cjkcj iM+ jgk FkkA lkfgR; esa bl iwjs ifjn`'; dh ek£ed
Nfo;ka rFkk fcac mHkj jgs FksA iar th rd eè;oxZ] Jethoh] fdlku] ekDlZ] xkaèkh rFkk lkezkT; tSls
fo"k;ksa dks dfork esa yk jgs FksA ujsnz 'kekZ ^nsoyh dSai* esa ut+jcan fd;s x;sA mUgksaus vaxzst+h lÙkk

70 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, dgk % ^xfr dks dc rd ckaèk ldksxs] iwNks igjsnkjksa ls*A iar ds lkFk dsnkjukFk
vxzoky rFkk ujsanz 'kekZ u;s izxfr'khy iFk ij vxzlj FksA 40&41 ds vkl ikl usfepanz tSu] Hkkjr
Hkw"k.k vxzoky rFkk eqfDrcksèk vkfn dfo ekDlZokn dh vksj vkdf"kZr gq,A ;|fi ckn esa igys nks
us viuk i{k cny dj ekDlZ dks R;kx fn;kA jkefoykl 'kekZ xkaèkhoknh fopkjèkkjk dh dM+h vkykspuk
gal if=kdk esa fy[k jgs FksA rkj lIrd ds Nius rFkk izxfr'khy lkfgfR;d vkanksyu esa mudh Hkwfedk
dks cgqr gh ^/oaldkjh* crk;k tk jgk FkkA è;ku jgs rkjlIrd ds igys vkSj ckn esa Hkh izxfr'khy
dfork esa vfr ljyhdj.k rFkk ;kaf=kdrk dh nqcZyrk,a ?kj dj pqdh FkhaA :l dh ^yky lsuk* rFkk
^yky lyke* dh ckrsa T+;knk Fkha] dfork deA dsnkjukFk vxzoky us ;qx dh xaxk dh Hkwfedk esa vius
le; dks] ^lektokn] ;FkkFkZokn] izxfrokn rFkk ekDlZokn dk ;qx* crk;k gSA f=kykspu Hkh blh iFk
ds ifFkd FksA ,d rjg ls ns[kk tk;s rks rkj lIrd ls vkt+knh feyus rd fxfjt+kdqekj ekFkqj dk
uk'k vkSj fuekZ.k] dsnkjukFk vxzoky dk ;qx dh xaxk rFkk fujkyk dk u;s iÙks izxfr'khy dkO; ijaijk
dh egÙoiw.kZ Ñfr;ka gSaA ukxktqZu dk yksdèkehZ Loj vfr eq[kj FkkA f'koeaxy flag ^lqeu* ds
izxfr'khy Loj Hkh xwat jgs FksA

eqfDr laxzke dh izkjafHkd fLFkfr dh rjg lkfgR; esa Hkh ifjorZudkeh fopkj futh iz;Ruksa rd
gh lhfer ugha jgsA fo'o ds egku tuoknh ys[kd xksdhZ us fo'o ds ys[kdksa ls viuk i{k Li"V djus
dk vkxzg fd;kA izysl dh LFkkiuk blh izsj.kk dk lqQy gSA bl laxBu dks mu lHkh jktuhfrd
nyksa us leFkZu fn;k tks vaxszt+h lkezkT;okn] Hkkjrh; lkearokn] mifuos'kokn rFkk Q+kflT+e dk fojksèk
dj jgs FksA ladsr Fkk fd ys[kdksa dks Hkh tu&fojksèkh rkdrksa ds fo#) laxfBr gksdj la?k"kZ ds fy,
vkxs vkuk t+:jh gSA ;kuh lkfgR; dks tu la?k"kZ ds fy, ,d vL=k dh rjg dke esa ykus dh lw>cw>
eglwl dh x;hA gekjs ;gka vkpk;Z eEeV us dkO; ds mís';ksa esa ls ,d mís'; ^f'kosrj {kr;s* Hkh
crk;k gSA vFkkZr~ tks dqN Hkh tufojksèkh gS lekt esa lkfgR; ds ekè;e ls mlds {kj.k ds fy, la?k"kZ
djukA leFkZu rks izysl dk jfo ckcw Hkh dj jgs FksA mudh izfl) dfork ^fu>Zjsj LoIu Hkax* esa
eqfDr laxzke dh èofu Hkh gS % Hkk¡x Hkk¡x Hkk¡x dkjk@vk?kkrs vk?kkr djA ysfdu izsepan dk lexz
lkfgR; gh eqfDrlaxzke dh ewy psruk dks cgqr cM+s Qyd ij izfrfcafcr djrk gSA jaxHkwfe esa lwjnkl
tSls thoar pfj=k ds cgkus os fons'kh daifu;ksa dh 'kDy esa lkezkT;okn ds c<+rs vkrad dk fojksèk
djrs gSaA muds ;gka laxfBr fdlku] lkearksa rFkk vQ+lj'kkgh ds fo#) [kM+s gksrs gSaA bl tu mHkkj
dks nckus ds fy, lkearksa rFkk lÙkk dh lkaB&xkaB ls iqfyl xksfy;ka nkxrh gS( fdlku ejrs gSa] vkt
dk dksbZ Hkh dykdkj lkezkT;okn] lkearokn] vQ+lj'kkgh ds fo#) bruk rh[kk rFkk pqukSrhiw.kZ
izfrjksèk D;kas ugha fn[kk ik jgk gSA eSa us gal esa vkt rd ,slh dksbZ dgkuh ugha i<+h tks izsepan ds
bl rh[ks izfrjksèk dks vkSj rh[kk rFkk vkØked cuk dj fodflr dj ldsA tcfd fLFkfr;ka igys
ls de tu&fojksèkh ugha gSa! blfy, eq>s yxrk gS fd vkt vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij ^izxfr'khy
iqutkZxj.k* dh csgn t:jr gSA ;gh ,d rjhd+k gS ftlls vkt ge izxfr'khy] tuoknh] yksdèkehZ
fopkjèkkjk dh izkalfxdrk dks iqu% LFkkfir dj ik;saxsA dk'k u;k iFk ds bl egÙoiw.kZ miØe dks
ge mDr egku dk;Z dk izLFkku fcanq eku ikrs!

dguk u gksxk izysl ls tqMs ys[kdksa us eqfDr laxzke esa la?k"kZjr vius rRdky iwoZ ds ys[kdksa
}kjk cuk;h x;h la?k"kZèkehZ ijaijk dks fodflr fd;kA mls /kkjnkj cuk;kA lgh fn'kk nhA vxzxkeh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 71

lkfgR; dh izfØ;k dks lqfuf'pr dj vkSj vkxs c<+k;kA ,d izdkj ls mls iqu% thfor fd;kA izysl
ds xBu ls geas dNq u;s opS kfjdnµ k'kfZ ud vk;ke feyAs ,d rks geus ;g tkuk fd vc rd
vkfoHkZwr lewps lekt dk bfrgkl oxZla?k"kZ dk bfrgkl jgk gSA vFkkZr~ 'kks"kd rFkk 'kksf"kr oxZ'k=kq
ds :i esa ,d nwljs ds lkFk lg&vfLRRo j[krs gq, Hkh ijLij fo#) rFkk la?k"kZjr jgs gSaA foijhr
rRoksa dh ,d:irk dk ;g ekDlhZ; fl)kar bl rjg vkt rd vVy gSA bl la?k"kZ esa ;k rks lekt
dk Økafrdkjh iquxZBu gksrk gS] tukanksyuksa dh xfr rhoz gksrh gS ;k fQj la?k"kZjr oxks± dk èoalA nwljs]
gesa ,d ,slh fcYdqy u;h fo'on`f"V izkIr gqbZ tks loZgkjk dh oSf'od Økafrdkjh 'kfDr dks gj fLFkfr
esa vijkts; ekurh gSA lkearokn] iwathokn rFkk lkezkT;okn dh vekuoh; Øwjrkvksa ij ge loZgkjk
dh 'kfDr ls fot; ik ldrs gSaA rhljs] gesa ,d ,slk }a}ijd HkkSfrdoknh n'kZu izkIr gqvk tks gesa
nqfu;k dks le>us ds lkFk&lkFk mls ewyr% cnyus dh oSKkfud izfofèk crkrk gSA izysl ls tqM+s
y[s kdkas dh ;gh opS kfjd 'kfDr Fkh] vkt Hkh gtµS ks mUgas ykds rFkk l?a k"k'Z khy turk ds lkFk ,dkRe
djrh gSA ys[kdksa dh laxfBr 'kfDr dk lekt dks Hkh ,glkl gqvkA dnkfpr ;g igyh ckj ekuk
x;k fd ys[kd fcuk turk ds la?k"kZ esa f'kjdr fd;s u rks cM+k cu ldrk gS] u viuk lkekftd
nkf;Ro fuHkk ldrk gSA iwoZorhZ ys[kd eqfDr laxze dh izsj.kk ls la?k"kZ rks dj jgs Fks] ij mudh lgh
lkaLÑfrd fn'kk D;k gks] blds ckjs esa os cgqr lkQ+ u FksA gekjh jpuk dk dsanzh; dF; D;k gks\
turk ds la?k"kZ dks dykRed iw.kZrk ds lkFk dSls vljnkj cuk;saA izysl ls tqM+ ys[kdksa dk ;g ,d
uSfrd nkf;Ro ekuk x;k fd muds l`tu esa Hkkjrh; la?k"kZ'khy turk dh èkM+dusa lquk;h iMa+sA mudk
ys[ku flQZ+ eqB~Bh Hkj yksxkas ;k jktnjckj rd lhfer u gksdj turk rd igqapsA ys[kdksa dk
^l`tufot+u* vc Lokèkhu Hkkjr esa ,d lektoknh lekt dh LFkkiuk dk FkkA lkfgR; esa ;g
vfHky{k.kk ,dne u;h rFkk ekSfyd FkhA ij tM+] :f<+oknh rFkk izfrxkeh jktuhfr ls tqM+s ys[kd
bl u;h izxfr'khy l`tu fo'on`f"V dks jktuhfrd izpkj dg dj bldk fojksèk dj jgs FksA rh[ks
izgkj HkhA muds vuqlkj lkfgR; jktuhfr&fujis{k l`tu gSA dyk dk y{; flQ+Z ^dyk* gh gSA vkSj
dqN ughaA ;s nksuksa ijLij&fojksèkh izo`fÙk;ka lkfgR; esa vkt Hkh eq[kj gSaA muls tuokfn;ksa dk la?k"kZ
tkjh gSA tc izxfr'khyksa rFkk dykokfn;ksa esa la?k"kZ rh[kk rFkk rst+ gqvk rks izxfr'khy tuoknh lkfgR;
ds fy, O;kid leFkZu feyus yxkA bIVk rFkk vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds vxzxkeh lkfgfR;d laxBuksa
us izxfr'khy lkfgR; dk O;kid leFkZu fd;kA

izysl laxBu cuus ds ,d n'kd ckn 1947 esa gesa jktuhfrd vkt+knh feyhA lÙkk gLrkarj.k
dh bl egku ?kVuk ls ns'k esa u;h tkxzfr iSnk gqbZA ij nqHkkZX; ls eqfDr laxzke izfØ;k ds nkSj esa
,d=k gq, ys[kd fc[kj x;sA erHksn xgjs gq,A lÙkk dk oxZpfj=k rFkk vkxs dh fn'kk dks ysdj mBs
fooknksa us ys[kdksa dks foHkkftr dj fn;kA ekDlZokfn;ksa us viuh fo'on`f"V rFkk y{; lkQ+ fd;sA
x+SjekDlZokfn;ksa ls vius erHksnksa ds iq[+rk dkjd Hkh crk;sA ij ckr u cuus ls izysl foHkkftr gqvkA
ekDlZokfn;ksa rFkk xS+j&ekDlZokfn;ksa esa la?k"kZ xgjk rFkk rh[kk gksus yxkA ;g la?k"kZ yxkrkj vkt rd
tkjh gSA gkykafd mleas u rks mruk rh[kkiu gS] u mruh vkØkedrkA ckn esa lkE;oknh ny esa
foHkktu gqvk] izysl ds lekukarj tysl otwn esa vk;kA vc ;g la?k"kZ f=k&vk;keh cukA izysl rFkk
tysl lÙkk ds oxZfpj=k dks ysdj la?k"kZjr jgsA izysl oxZla?k"kZ rFkk loZgkjk ds opZLo dk fopkj R;kx
dj oxZ lg;ksx rFkk cqtqZvk lÙkk ls lkaBxkaB dh jktuhfr esa jl ysus yxkA og vkt Hkh gSA blls

72 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

izysl ls tqM+s ys[kdksa esa ^mnkjrk* ds uke ij ?kksj voljokn iuiuk 'kq: gks x;kA vc bUgsa ekDlZokn
ls igys ^ekuorkokn*] ^vfLerk* rFkk ys[kd dh lekt ls ^fuLlaxrk* dh ckrsa ;kn vkus yxhaA
ekDlZokn rFkk vfLrRookn dk ?kkyesy dj u;s Hkze iSnk fd;s x;sA ;kuh ekDlZokn ekuorkokn ls
tSls dksbZ vyx pht+ gksA bl rdZ us izysl ds ys[kdksa dks oxZpsruk] loZgkjk dh vts; 'kfDr] lekt
esa py jgs oxZla?k"kZ rFkk bfrgkl dh vVy }a}e;rk ds izfr vU;euLd cuk;kA vc ekDlZokfn;ksa
dks ,d rjQ mnkjifa Fk;kas ls yM+uk iM+kA nlw jh rjQ O;fDrfu"Bdµ ykoknh rFkk :iokfn;kas ls l?a k"kZ
rh[kk gqvkA vKs; 1947 esa izrhd ds ekè;e ls izxfr'khy fojksèkh #[k viuk jgs FksA mUgsa oxZpsruk]
loZgkjk] oxZla?k"kZ] lektokn rFkk lkekftd ;FkkFkZ dh ckrsa csrqdh rFkk vizklafxd yx jgh FkhaA mlh
le; iz;ksxokfn;ksa us izxfr'khyksa ij xgjs izgkj fd;sA cfYd dgsa ^iz;ksxokn* dk vkjaHk gh
izxfr'khyrk ds rh[ks fojksèk ls gqvk FkkA 1952 ds vklikl Mk- ukeoj flag Hkh iz;ksxokfn;ksa ds
lkfgR; dks ^lektfujis {s keµ è;oxh;Z ekufld chekfj;kas dk lgkuHq kfw ri.w kZ vkjS ekgs d vyda j.k*
ekurs FksA ij 1968 esa mudh ;g /kkj.kk cny x;hA 1958 ds vklikl Jhdkar oekZ izxfr'khy
leh{kdksa dks] ^euq"; dh vkRek dks dqpyus okyh lSfud izÑfr* ls xzLr crkus yxs FksA iwjk ^ifjey
legw *µ èkeoZ hj Hkkjrh rFkk fot;nos ukjk;.k lkgh vkfneµ kDloZ knh y[s kdkas ij pkjkas rjQ+ ls igz kj
dj jgs FkAs bl rh[ks opS kfjd l?a k"kZ ds ckotnw ixz fr'khytµ uoknh dkO;èkkjk rFkk ekDloZ knh leh{kk
cjkcj fodflr gksrh jgha A izks- panzcyh flag] Mk- jkefoykl 'kekZ] f'konku flag pkSgku rFkk
idz k'kpna z xIq r vkfn xjS ekDloZ kfn;kas ds rdk±s dk fofèkor mÙkj ns jgs FkAs fujkyk ixz fr'khytµ uoknh
psruk dh moZjHkwfe ^rksM+rh iRFkj*] ^dqdqjeqÙkk* rFkk ^u;s iÙks* esa rS;kj dj pqds FksA ukxktqZu]
dsnkjukFk vxzoky] eqfDrcksèk] f=kykspu rFkk 'khy vkfn us mls vkSj èkkjnkj rFkk y{;lwfpr cuk;kA
buesa lcls izfrjksèkh rFkk vkØked Loj ukxktqZu rFkk dsnkj ckcw dk FkkA 1952 esa izdk'kpanz xqIr
dh leh{kk iqLrd] fganh lkfgR;% ,d n`f"V Nih FkhA bl iqLrd dh n`f"V iwjh rjg ekDlZoknh Fkh]
tSls ^vkykspuk dk ekDlZoknh vkèkkj*] ^izxfr'khy vkykspuk ds eku] ^fganh vkykspuk esa izxfrokn*
^ekDlZokn vkSj Hkk"kk dh leL;k* rFkk ^izsepan dh ijaijk* vkfn ,sls vkys[k gSa ftuesa ml le; ds
oSpkfjd la?k"kZ dk izfrfcacu lkQ+ >ydrk gSA ;g iqLrd Nih Hkys gh 1952 esa ij 1946 esa bu
vkys[kksa dks fy[kuk izkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA bl iqLrd ds ifjf'k"V esa rhu egÙoiw.kZ vkys[k vkSj gSaA
,d] ^lkfgR; esa la;qDr ekspkZ* nks] ^lkfgR; vkSj jktuhfr* rhu] ^lkfgR; vkSj turk*A bu vkyks[kksa
dks i<+dj yxrk gS fd mu fnuksa lkfgfR;d la?k"kZ fdruk rh[kk rFkk y{;lwpd FkkA D;k ;g la?k"kZ
vkt Hkh mruk gh rh[kk vkSj y{;lwpd gS ;fn ugha rks D;ksa\ ge mls vkSj rh[kk D;ksa ugha cuk ik
jgs gSa tcfd fLFkfr;ka igys ls Hkh T+;knk tufojks/kh rFkk vkØked gSaA iwath dk f'kdatk Øwj gqvk
gSA lkezkT;okn T+;knk [k+rjukd vkSj ,dèkzqoh; gks x;k gSA

izxfr'khy tuoknh la?k"kZ'khy lkfgR; dh lqnh?kZ ijaijk dks 1968 esa xgjk vk?kkr igqapkA vk?kkr
igqapk;k dfork ds u;s izfreku iqLrd usA Øwj foMacuk ;g fd ys[kd Lo;a [;kfryCèk izxfr'khy
vkykspd gSaA lcls igys Mk- jkefoykl 'kekZ us bl iqLrd dks cM+h xaHkhjrk ls tkapk ij[kkA mls
^izxfr'khy dfork ds fojksèk esa [kM+h* iqLrd crk;kA muds vkjksi u flQ+Z lgh Fks cfYd cM+s xaHkhj
Hkh FksA Mk- 'kekZ ds vuqlkj] ukeoj flag us bfy;V vkSj lk=kZ dks gh ugha] foLekVZ] DyhUFk czqDl]

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 73

MsukYM Msoh] ÝSad deksZM] fofy;e ,Eilu] fxycVZ jkby] fjpMZ CySdej vkfn ls ^vkSifuosf'kd
vkèkqfudrk* rFkk ^:iokn* fupksM+ dj bl iqLrd dks vejhdh u;h leh{kk dk fganh laLdj.k cuk
fn;k gSA ;g og izLFkku fcanq gS tgka ,d [;kfryC/k ekDlZoknh dgs tkus okys ys[kd }kjk
tuoknh&izxfr'khy dfork dks ^vejhdh u;h leh{kk* ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;kA cM+h prqjkbZ ls
izxfr'khy&tuoknh vkanksyu dks :ioknh&dykoknh eksM+ nsus ds izLrko fd;s x;sA ekDlhZ; 'kCnkoyh
tSls oxZpsruk] oxZla?k"kZ] loZgkjk] ,sfrgkfld }a}kRedrk vkfn 'kCnksa dks oftZr le>k x;kA ekDlhZ;
eqgkojk ^lkis{k Lok;Ùkrk* dh txg vfLrRooknh 'kCn ^vfLerk* ij t+ksj fn;k x;kA dfork dks
lkekftd lanHkks± ls vyxk dj ns[kus dk rdZ lkeus vk;kA eqfDrcksèk dks ifjf'k"V esa j[k ^vaèksjs
esa* dfork dks ^ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* dgk x;kA ukxktqZu] dsnkjukFk vxzoky] f=kykspu dks eq[;
èkkjk ls <dsy gkf'k;s ls Hkh ckgj dj fn;k x;kA bl iqLrd dks dykoknh&:ioknh rd] izek.k Lo:i]
vius i{k esa O;k[;kf;r djus yxsA ^Hkkjr Hkou lewg* yxkrkj izxfr'khy&tuoknh dfork dks
jktuhfrd izpkj crkus esa vkxs vk;kA lgkjk fy;k x;k] dfork ds u;s izfreku dkA fot;nsoukjk;.k
lkgh] j?kqohj lgk;] Jhdkar oekZ] dqaojukjk;.k vkfn gkf'k;s ds dfo] dfork ds u;s izfreku eas
eq[;èkkjk ds dfo yxus yxsA izxfr'khy&tuoknh dfork ds fojksèk esa [kM+h bl iqLrd dk i;kZIr
fojksèk D;kas ugha gqvk\ lkfgR;srj dkj.kksa ls fo'ofo|ky;h is'ksoj leh{kd ledkyhu dfork dks
ij[kus ds fy, bls ekMy ds :i esa izLrqr djrs jgsA urhtk ;g gqvk fd dfork ds ikBdksa esa
^vkSifuosf'kd vkèkqfudrkoknh* vkLokn fu£er gksrk x;k gSA mldk vlj izxfr'khyksa&tuokfn;ksa
nksuksa ij iM+k gSA dfork ls ^yksd* ls nwjh cuk;h x;hA Jfedksa rFkk fdlkuksa ds fØ;k'khyksa fcac
dfork ls x+k;c gksus yxsA flQ+Z eè;oxhZ; thou ds lhfer fp=kksa dh dfork esa Hkjekj gqbZA fdlkuksa
Jfedksa ds dfBu thou ds fp=k fojy gq,A laèk"kZèkehZ yksd] [ksr [kfy;kuksa] tuinksa rFkk izÑfr ds
izfrfcacu dks fiNM+h ekufldrk dgk tkus yxkA rc ls vkt rd ;g fLFkfr cuh gqbZ gSA mDr
leh{kk iqLrd ls izxfr'khy dfork rFkk leh{kk dh tks {kfr gqbZ gS mldh iw£r gksuk cgqr dfBu gSA
blesa lansg ugha fd gekjs cM+sa izxfr'khy&tuoknh dfo ukxktqZu vkfn dh ?kksj mis{kk ds ckotwn mudh
yksdèkehZ dfork fujarj fodflr gksrh jghA dqekjsanz] ekucgknqj flag] dqekj fody] 'kyHkJhjke flag]
os.kqxksiky vkfn us mls vius vius <ax ls fodflr fd;kA vkt ds vusd dfo Kkusnzifr] jkts'k tks'kh
v#.kdey vkfn us mls vkxs c<+kus ds ;Ru rks fd;s gSa ij mldh /kkj dqan gS] xfr eanA u rks iwathokn
lkekz T;okn ds fo#) rh[kk ifz rjkès k g]S u mudh dforkvkas eas l?a k"k'Z khy turk dh mHkjrh tu'kfDr dk
,glklA nwjnjkt ds tuinksa esa ;qok dfo tuoknh dfork fy[k jgs gSaA ij mls visf{kr mapkb;ksa rd
ys tkus ds fy, muds lkeus cM+k la?k"kZ rFkk pqukSfr;ka 'ks"k gSaA ;g fpark dk fo"k; gS fd T+;knkrj yksxksa
dk #>ku ^:iokn* dh vksj gh gSA dfork esa jktuhfr ls ijgst+ Øe'k% c<+ jgk gSA dbZ ckj yxrk gS
D;k ge fQj ^u;h dfork* dh vksj gh rks ugha ykSV jgs gSaA izxfroknh&tuoknh leh{kk dh fLFkfr
cgqr izsjd ugha gSA izks- panzcyh flag] Mk- jkefoykl 'kekZ f'kodqekj feJ] panzHkw"k.k frokjh] dqaojiky
flag] Mk- vkseizdk'k xzsoky] Mk- vkuan izdk'k] eqjyheuksgj izlkn flag vkfn us ekDlZoknh leh{kk
dks vkxs c<+k;k gSA bèkj ekDlZoknh n`f"V ls yksdèkehZ leh{kk dks Mk- thou flag] izks- jsorhje.k rFkk
Mk- jekdkar 'kekZ u;k :i nsus esa la?k"kZjr gSaA

;g lc gksrs gq, Hkh gesa vius l`tudeZ rFkk oSpkfjd la?k"kZ ls larq"V gksus dh t+:jr ugha gSA

74 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fLFkfr cgqr izsjd Hkh ugha gSA lqifjfpr ekDlZoknh leh{kd Mk- vkuan izdk'k us viuh l|% izdkf'kr
egÙoiw.kZ leh{kk Ñfr] ledkyhu dfork% iz'u vkSj ftKklk,a esa dqN cgqr gh xaHkhj loky mBk;s
gSaA mu ckrksa ij x+kSj djsa rks ^fiNys nks rhu n'kdksa esa vfèkdka'k dfork esa* ^ekuoh; lkekftd
ftEesnkjh rFkk turk ds 'kks"k.k ds Lo:i dks Li"V n`f"Vdks.k* ls ugha le>k tk jgk cfYd ^fganh
dh vLlh Qhlnh dfork esa cqtZvk dfork ds :i* fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA vr% ^lektoknh ;k 'kks"k.k fojksèkh
fot+u* ds fcuk ^lkFkZd dfork laHko* ugha gSA eq>s Mk- vkuan izdk'k dh fpark, cgqr gh izklafxd
rFkk t+:jh yx jgh gSaA mu ij x+kSj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

D;k otg gS gekjk oSpkfjd la?k"kZ vc mruk rh[kk ugha jgkA og mruk y{;lwpd Hkh ugha gSA
geus izxfr'khy&tuoknh dfork dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dks foLe`r fd;k gSA gekjs eu esa eqfDr laxzke
ds tula?k"kZ dh vuqxwatsa ugha dkSaèkrhaA ge esa ls vusd ^Loi{k* R;kx pqds gSaA vusd f'k[kjLFk ys[kd
iFkHkz"V gq, gSaA mUgsa ^ys[kdh; izfrc)rk*] ^xk; dk [kwaVk* yxrh gSA dqN us viuk vkpj.k [kks;k
gSA os rqPNrkvksa ds ihNs Hkkx jgs gSaA gels loky fd;k tkrk gS fd ^tuoknh D;k ,sls gh gksrs* gSaA
,sls lokyksa dk tokc gesa vius mRÑ"V tuoknh ys[ku] ekDlhZ; oSpkfjd izfrc)rk rFkk tuoknh
vkpj.k ls gh nsuk gksxkA D;k vkt ;g t+:jh ugha fd ge cM+h fueZerk ls vkReykspu djsa\ vkf[k+j
D;k otg gS fd ys[kd ikBd gekjh rjQ vkdf"kZr ugha gksrsA tui{k /kj if=kdk,a ckt+kj ds izHkko
esa O;kolkf;d gks jgh gSaA ekDlZoknh fopkjèkkjk] mldk lkSan;Z'kkL=k rFkk mldh rRoehekalk ds fo"k;
esa u dksbZ ppkZ gS] u cgl] u laoknA ,slk yxrk gS tSls ,d ckj ekDlZokn i<+dj geus viuk
nkf;Ro iwjk dj fy;kA ;k fQj ekDlZokn vc viuh izklafxdrk [kks pqdk gSA ekDlZokn dh
izklafxdrk ds lanHkZ esa ;gka eq>s rhu iqLrdksa dh ppkZ djuk mfpr yx jgk gSA ,d gS] ^n bfFkdy
MkbeSU'kUl vkQ+ ekfDlZLV FkkV*A ;g Nih gS 2008 esaA blds ys[kd gSa dkusZy oSLV A iqLrd dk
eq[; rdZ gS fd] ^Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa ds fy,&ekDlZoknh fopkj&ijaijk vifjgk;Z gS*A gekjs le; dh
izeq[k foMacuk gS fd lksfo;r la?k ds iru ds ckn ekDlZokn vkSj vfèkd izklafxd gqvk gSA nwljh
iqLrd gS] gkm Vw pSUt n oYMZ % VsYl vkQ+ ekDlZ ,aM ek£DlT+eA iqLrd Nih gS 2011 esaA ys[kd
gSa [;kfryCèk ekDlZoknh bfrgkldkj bfjd gkSClokeA iqLrd dh dsanzh; LFkkiuk gS fd ,d ckj fQj
ekDlZ dks xaHkhjrk ls le>us dk le; vk x;k gSA ;g Hkh fd 21 oh lnh ekDlZ dh lnh gksxh*A
rhljh iqLrd gS] ^ek£Dll ,sdksyksth*A ys[kd gSa tku cSykeh QksLVjA izdk'ku gqvk gS lu 2000
esaA iqLrd esa izÑfr ds vaèk nksgu ds ckjs esa ekDlZ dh xgjh fpark O;Dr dh x;h gSA ekDlZ dk
ekuuk gS fd iwathoknh O;oLFkk esa izÑfr rFkk euq"; ds chp ,d ^eSVkcksfyd fjQ~V* iSnk gksrk gSA
vr% ge izÑfr ds izfr Øwj gksrs tkrs gSaA ;s rhuks iqLrdsa bDdhloha lnh esa ekDlZ dh izklafxdrk
dh vksj ladsr djrh gSaA esjk fopkj gS ekDlZokn yxkrkj i<+us] le>us] nqgjkus dh ekax djrk gSA
gj tuoknh ys[kd ds fy, mldk vè;;u ,d lrr izfØ;k cusA Øwj gksrs iwathokn rFkk lkezkT;okn
ds bl nkSj esa ekDlZ dh izklafxdrk cgqr T+;knk gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa iwathokn rFkk lkezkT;okn dh uhfr;ksa
dk fojksèk gks jgk gSA ySfVu vejhdk esa tui{kèkj lÙkk,a otwn esa vk jgh gSaA esjs fcYdqy iM+ksl usiky
esa tui{kèkj ljdkj otwn esa vk;hA cqtZqvk Hkh vkt ekDlZ dh itaw h esa fufgr jgL;ksa dks le>uk
pkgrk gSA u;s izxfr'khy rFkk tuoknh ys[kdksa ls ckrphr djds irk pyrk gS fd os ekDlZ ds ckjs
esa vutku gSaA dqN u;s ys[kd tks'k esa vkdj ekDlZ dks fcuk i<+s gh ^ekDlZ ls vkxs* dh ckr dg

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 75

jgs gSaA dSlh foMacuk gS ftu fLFkfr;ksa ls la?k"kZ djus ds fy, ekDlZokn iSnk gqvk vHkh muls futkr
dgka feyh gSA rks ekDlZ ls vkxs dh ckr djuk D;k gkL;kLin ugha gSA tui{kèkj if=kdkvksa dk D;k
;g nkf;Ro ugha fd os ikBdksa dks ekDlZoknh rRoehekalk rFkk mlds lkSan;Z'kkL=k ds ckjs esa Hkh izf'kf{kr
djsa\ ekDlhZ; fparu ij dksbZ xaHkhj ys[k] cgl ;k foe'kZ if=kdkvksa ls x+k;c gSA gekjs ys[kd laxBu
Hkh ekDlZokn dks yksdfiz; cukus ds fy, O;kogkfjd dk;Z ;kstuk,a cuk ldrs gSaA ge izfrdwyre
fLFkfr;kas esa th jgs gSaA bfrgkl }kjk iznÙk bu fLFkfr;ksa esa la?k"kZ djds mUgsa vius vuqdwy cukus ds
flok vU; dksbZ fodYi ugha gSA la?k"kZ ls gh iFk vkyksfdr gksrk gSA vr% izxfr'khy&tuoknh egku
xkSjo'kkyh la?k"kZ'khy ijaijk dks iqu% O;kid rFkk vljnkj cukus ds fy, ^izxfr'khy iqutkZxj.k* dh
csgn t+:jr gSA turk dks fot;h ugha rks vijkts; rks fn[kk ldsaA ftèkj vU;k; gS vkt 'kfDr
Hkh mèkj gAS geas viuh l?a k"k'Z khy turk dh vijkt;s 'kfDr ij Hkjkls k djus ds fy, mlls ,dkRe gkus k
t+:jh gSA vkt tks fotsrk cus gSa os jDrik;h gSa %

[kqyk jkt fot;h dgk;s gq, gSa
ygw nwljksa dk fi;s tk jgs gSa

eks- 09928242515

76 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

u;s izxfr'khy vkanksyu dh laHkkouk,a

jktsanz 'kekZ

lky Hkj rd n's k eas txg&txg ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ¼ikz xs fsz lo jkbVlZ ,lkfs l,'ku½ ds xBu dh
ipgRrjoha lkyfxjg euk;h x;hA 1936 ds viySz eas y[kum$ eas nk&s fnolh; lEeys u eas bl lxa Bu
dh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA cgjgky] vc tcfd lekjkgs kas dk 'kkjs &'kjkck [+kRe gks pqdk g]S rhu ijLij lca )
lokykas dks ;k dgas fd ,d gh loky ds rhu igyqvkas dks lPps vFkkaZs eas VVkys k tk ldrk gAS ixz fr'khy
vkna kys u us lpeqp D;k fd;k Fkk\ mlds fy, og lc djuk dlS s lHa ko gqvk Fkk\ D;k vkt olS k
dqN lHa ko gS vkjS vxj lHa ko gS rks dlS \s l{a kis eas ;g fd vkt] ixz fr'khy vkna kys u ds iquthoZ u
ds t+fj;s ge vius lkLa df` rd thou dk iqulLaZ dkj dlS s dj ldrs g\aS ixz fr'khy vkna kys u us Hkkjr
ds lkfgfR;d&lkLa df` rd thou eas lpeqp D;k fd;k Fkk] ;g Hkh l+w=k :i eas fgna h&mnZw ds dFkk lekz V]
iesz pna us ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ds LFkkiuk lEeys u ds vius cgqm)r` lca k/s ku eas gh crk fn;k FkkA
os bl 'kq#vkr eas ^lkfgR; ds ,d u;s ;qx dk vkfoHkkoZ * n[s k jgs FkAs c's kd] ixz fr'khy vkna kys u
us lkfgfR;d&lkLa df` rd thou eas ,d u;s ;qx ds }kj [kkys us dk gh dke fd;k FkkA ;g u;k ;qx
euq"; ds lla kj ds dnas z e]as ,d Lor=a k vkjS cqfu;knh vFkkaZs eas leku euq"; ds LFkkfir fd;s tkus dk
;qx FkkA lkLa df` rd O;ogkjkas eas lcls T+;knk opS kfjd gkus s ds ukr]s y[s kudeZ de ls de lLa df` r
ds vkx&s vkxs pyus okyh e'kky t:j lkfcr gqvkA ixz fr'khy lkfgfR;d vkna kys u ds ihN&s ihNs bIVk
ds ek/;e ls tu ukV;~ vkna kys u lkeus vk;kA blh ds vklikl fp=kdyk] lxa hr vkfn ls yds j
foKku o f'k{kk fpra u rd eas u;h 'kfDr'kkyh ygjsa vk;h]a ftu lc dh jpukRedrk ds dnas z eas ,d
Lor=a k vkjS lgt :i ls leku ;kuh vk/kqfud euq";] nlw js 'kCnkas eas dgas rks e/;;qxhurk dh lLa df` r
eas Mcw s gekjs lekt ds fy, ,d u;k euq"; FkkA

bl u;s euq"; ds lkFk vk;s ltuZ kRedrk ds foLQkVs us gh vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvkas dks
mudk oreZ ku :i fn;k] mudk u;k lkfgR; fn;kA ltuZ kRedrk ds blh foLQkVs us bl miegk}hi
dh fofo/krk ds chp l]s lekurk ij vk/kkfjr ,drk ds l=w kkas dks jpk vkjS blds fgLls ds rkjS ij]
fofHkUu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvkas ds chp cjkcjh ds eYw ; dks LFkkfir fd;kA ltuZ kRedrk ds blh foLQkVs
us fofHkUu igyqvkas ls vkjS [+kklrkjS ij /kkfedZ igyw ls xxa k&tequh lLa df` r dk]s vk/kqfud Hkkjrh;
lLa df` r dh eyw igpku ds :i eas LFkkfir fd;kA ltuZ kRedrk ds blh foLQkVs us lkekftd&lkLa df` rd
lekurk dk] ,d vkjs vkfFkdZ lekurk dh dYiuk rd vkjS nlw jh vkjs euq"; ek=k dh Lor=a krk dh
dYiuk rd] foLrkj djus dk vk/kkj r;S kj fd;kA vpjt ugha fd mUuhl lkS rhl] pkyhl ds n'kdkas
dh lepw h Hkkjrh; ltuZ kRedrk e]as mu fpra kvkas o eYw ;kas dh Li"V xtaw lquk;h nrs h g]S ftUgas ixz fr'khy
vkna kys u l=w kc) rFkk eq[kfjr dj jgk FkkA

ixz fr'khy vkna kys u ds fy, ,d u;s ;qx dk }kj [kkys uk dlS s lHa ko gqvk\ bl i'z u ds
mRrj ds fy, geas ixz fr'khy vkna kys u ds mn; ds ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs ;k tDa pj dh iM+rky djuh
iM+xs hA dkxa lsz ds vf/ko's ku ds ekdS +s ij gh y[kum$ eas ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ds LFkkiuk lEEkys u dk

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 77

vk;kts u dkbs Z l;a kxs gh ugha FkkA ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k vkjS mlls c<+dj ixz fr'khy lkLa df` rd /kkjk]
lkLa df` rd thou eas mlh ifz d;z k dh vfHkO;fDr Fkh] ftldh vfHkO;fDr jktuhfrd thou eas lcls
c<+dj Lor=a krk l?a k"kZ eas gks jgh FkhA lexrz k eas ;g ifz d;z k ,d ijia jkc) lekt ds tkxj.k ;k
uotkxj.k dh FkhA ;g tkxj.k ;k uotkxj.k] jpukRed m$tkZ ds tlS s foLQkVs ds lkFk lkeus vk;k
Fkk] mldh rqyuk vxj gekjs bfrgkl eas jpukRedrk ds fdlh nlw js foLQkVs ls dh tk ldrh g]S rks
,d gn rd lra &HkDr&lQw h /kkjk ds :i eas lkeus vk;s jpukRedrk ds foLQkVs ls gh dh tk ldrh
g]S tkfs d igyh lgh vFkkaZs eas ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; /kkjk Hkh Fkh vkjS mlds dnas z eas Hkh ,d gn rd Lor=a k
o leku euq"; gh FkkA fQj Hkh] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds ;jw kis h; dky foHkktu eas Hkkz ed rjhd+s ls e/;;qx
ds [k+kus eas /kdys nh x;h tkxj.k dh og igyh /kkjk] /keZ dh Hkk"kk ls c/a ks gkus s ds pyr]s u euq"; dks
ijw h rjg ls mlds lla kj ds dnas z eas LFkkfir dj ldrh Fkh vkjS u mldh lekurk dk /keZ ds {k=s k ls
vkx]s lkekftd&lkLa df` rd thou rd cgrq T;+ knk foLrkj dj ldrh FkhA Lor=a krk vkna kys u ds lkFk d/a
ks ls d/a kk feyk dj vk;k uotkxj.k] dkQ+h gn rd bu lhekvkas ls eqDr Fkk vkjS blhfy, ;g lpeqp
Lor=a krk dk ,d Tokj FkkA

ixz fr'khy vkna kys u] bl Tokj dk fgLlk gh ugha Fkk] bl Tokj dh dkVus okyh /kkj ;kuh
bldk lcls vkxs jgus okyk vkjS lcls iuS k fgLlk Hkh FkkA pkgs lkekz T;okn dk fojk/s k gks ;k
iqjkuh&u;h vlekurkvkas ij igz kj o u;h jk"Vªh;&~z vra jjk"Vhª ; ,dtqVrkvkas dk fuek.Z k ;k fQj Lor=a krk
o lekurk ds ,d u;s lekt o lLa df` r dh dYiuk vkjS budh vkjs c<+us eas rRijrk] lHkh eas
ixz fr'khy vkna kys u ,d og` Rrj lexrz k dh gnkas dks vkxs f[kldkus okyk] mldk vxqvk fgLlk FkkA
,slk ugha gS fd bl vxqvk dh viuh dksbZ lhek,a gh ugha FkhaA Lora=krk ds bl Tokj esa
lkekftd&yfaS xd&tkrh; vkjS ;gka rd fd lkLa df` rd&/kkfedZ lekurk ds Hkh tks i'z u vu[kqys ;k
v/k[kqys jg x;s Fk]s mUgas bl vxqvk us vius rbaZ ijw h rjg ls [kkys fy;k gk]s ,ls k nkok ugha fd;k
tk ldrk gAS yfs du] ;g Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd bu cna xkBa kas dks [kkys us ds i;z kl ds ekeys
eas Hkh og vxqvk dh Hkfw edk eas ugha FkkA lHa kor% blh vFkZ eas iesz pna us lkfgR; dks jktuhfr dk vkjS
n's kHkfDr dk Hkh vuqlj.kdrkZ ekuus ls nk&s Vdw budkj djrs gq, ml]s ^muds vkxs e'kky fn[kkrs
pyus okyh lpkb*Z crk;k FkkA

ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ds xBu ds le; gh ixz fr'khy lkfgfR;d /kkjk tks opS kfjd&lknaS ;kRZ ed
eYw ; vftrZ &fodflr Hkh dj pqdh Fkh] tlS s mu eYw ;kas dh gh ;kn fnykrs gq, iesz pna vius lca k/s ku
eas u flQ+Z lkfgR;dkj ¼lLa df` r ltdZ ½ ds fy, y[s ku dh ioz f` Rr gkus s dks ukdkQ+h ekurs gq,
jktuhfr] lekt'kkL=k] eukfs oKku vkfn ls ifjp; ij t+kjs nrs s g]aS ;g vkxgz Hkh djrs gaS fd ^geas
viuh #fp vkjS ioz f` Rr ds vuqdyw fo"k; pqu yus s pkfg, vkjS fo"k; ij i.w kZ vf/kdkj ikz Ir djuk
pkfg,A* blds lkFk gh lkFk iesz pna ,d u;h bfrgkl nf` "V ij Hkh t+kjs nrs s gaS tks ^O;fDr dks lekt
ls vyx ugha n[s krh g]S fdra q mls lekt ds ,d vxa ds :i eas n[s krh g-S -- blfy, fd lekt ds
vfLrRo ds lkFk mldk vfLrRo d+k;e gS vkjS lekt ls vyx gkds j mldk vfLrRo 'kUw ; ds cjkcj
gks tkrk gAS *

vpjt ugha fd iesz pna us vius lca k/s ku eas ;g Hkkoi.w kZ vkgo~ ku gh ugha fd;k fd] ^geas
lqna jrk dh dlkVS h cnyuh gkxs h* cfYd blds fy, ^thou lxa kz e eas lknaS ;Z dk ijekRs d"kZ n[s ku*s dh

78 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fn'kk Hkh fn[kk;hA bruk gh ugh]a vius v/;{kh; lca k/s ku dk lekiu djrs gq, iesz pna us ixz fr'khy
vka nkys u ds fy, iFk&inz 'kdZ ds :i eas ,d u;h lkfgfR;d&opS kfjd dlkVS h Hkh i's k dh Fkh% ^gekjh
dlkVS h ij ogh lkfgR; [kjk mrjxs k ftleas mPp fpra u gk]s Lok/khurk dk Hkko gk]s lknaS ;Z dk lkj gk]s
lt` u dh vkRek gk]s thou dh lpkb;kas dk idz k'k gk&s &tks geeas xfr] l?a k"kZ vkjS cps uS h inS k dj]s lqyk;s
ugha D;kfas d vc vkjS T+;knk lkus k eR` ;q dk y{k.k gAS * xfr] l?a k"kZ vkjS cps uS h ls fu%lr` gkrs h thora rk
gh bl ltuZ kRed foLQkVs dk ikz .k FkhA

t+kfgj gS fd ;g ltuZ kRed foLQkVs vius nk;js eas ,d cgqjxa h bna /z kuq"k leVs s gq, FkkA
yfs du blhfy,] bl bna /z kuq"kh foLQkVs dh ^dfVxa ,ts * ds :i eas ixz fr'khy vkna kys u] tks fdUgha [+kkl
ifjfLFkfr;kas eas bl /kkjk dh lhekvkas dks ixz fr o lekurk dh fn'kk eas vkxs c<+k ldrk Fkk] cnyh
gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;kas eas [kqn dks bl lexrz k ls dkV Hkh ldrk FkkA c's kd] bl dks fdl rjg pyk;k tkrk
g]S ;kuh bls pykus dk rjhd+k mls bna /z kuq"k dh ryokj cuk;s j[kus eas ennxkj gS ;k bl ^dfVxa ,ts *
dks bl bna /z kuq"k ds nlw js jxa kas ds f[+kykQ+ gh ekMs +rk g]S bl rjg ds i'z ukas dh ikz lfa xdrk ls Hkh bda kj
ugha fd;k tk ldrk gAS fQj Hkh ;s flQ+Z dk;uZ hfr dh mi;qDrrk&vuqi;qDrrk ds i'z u g]aS ftUgas
Bkls O;ogkj eas fdl rjg gy fd;k x;k] og bl ^dfVxa ,ts * ls 'k"s k bna /z kuq"k ds fj'rkas eas cnyko
dh ifz d;z k dks /khek ;k rts + rks dj ldrk Fkk] yfs du cqfu;knh :i ls bu fj'rkas dks fu/kkfZ jr ugha
dj ldrk FkkA bu fj'rkas dks fu/kkfZ jr rks Bkls ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs gh dj ldrk Fkk] mlus gh fu/kkfZ jr
fd;kA n's k ds Lor=a k gkus s ds lkFk ;g ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs cnyk vkjS blds lkFk gh ixz fr'khy vkna kys u
rFkk jk"Vªh; ltuZ kRed Tokj dk fj'rk gh ugha cnyk] lexrz k eas ;g Tokj Hkh ,d HkkVk cu x;kA
blh ifz d;z k dks jktuhfrd Hkk"kk e]as l{a kis e]as vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ ds nkjS ku cus l;a qDr ekps Zs ds fc[kjus
ds :i eas tkuk tkrk gAS

c's kd] l;a qDr ekps Zs ds bl fc[kjko ds chp Hkh ixz fr'khy vkna kys u dh /kkjk dkbs Z ;dk;d
foyqIr gkds j x+k;c ugha gks x;hA ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k] bIVk vkfn lxa Bukas ds fuf"d;z gkus s ds ckn
Hkh] ixz fr'khy vkna kys u dh /kkjk vi{s kkdr` {kh.k gkds j Hkh ioz kfgr rks gkrs h gh jghA yfs du] vc og
igys okyh mnn~ ke ygj ugh]a ,d {kh.k /kkjk Fkh] tks ftruh unh ry ds m$ij cgrh Fkh] mlls T+;knk
ry ds uhps vn'` ; Hkfw exr ioz kg ds :i eas viuk dke djrh FkhA vpjt ugha fd Lor=a krk ds ckn]
ipkl rFkk lkB ds n'kdkas ds vf/kdk'a k fgLls eas lkfgR;&lLa df` r dh eq[;/kkjk] idz Vr% bl ixz fr'khy
/kkjk ls vyx vkjS ;gka rd fd fdlh gn rd opS kfjd :i ls mldh eyw ifz rKkvkas ds fo#) FkhA
;g u;&s u;s Lor=a k gq, O;fDr dh ltuZ kRedrk Fkh] tks u;&s u;s curs gq, vk/kqfud e/;oxZ ds
vuqHko o loa ns ukvkas ds nk;jkas dh iM+rky dj jgh FkhA vkjS Hkh O;kid Lrj ij bl ltuZ kRedrk
ds lkz rs ] O;fDr dh eqfDr lekt ds lkFk ugha cfYd ,d idz kj ls mlds fo#) n[s kus dh Hkkonf` "V
ls vo#) FkAs bl ltuZ kRedrk dks m$tkZ nus s okyk O;fDr dh Lor=a krk dk vuqHko Hkh] ,d iHz kko'kkyh
fdra q vi{s kkdr` NkVs s ls vk/kqfud e/;oxZ dk gh vuqHko FkkA

lkB ds n'kd ds mRrjk)Z rd vkr&s vkrs bl vo#) ltuZ kRedrk dh lhek,a mlh rjg
lkQ+ ut+j vkus yxh Fkh]a tlS s jktuhfrd Lrj ij flQ+Z mifuo's kokn ds f'kdta s ls Lor=a krk feyus
ls mUeqDr gqbZ lkekftd&vkfFkdZ &jktuhfrd ltuZ kRedrk dh lhek,Aa blh eqd+ke ij u;s lna HkZ eas
ixz fr'khy y[s kdkas ds lxa Bu rFkk ixz fr'khy vkna kys u dh /kkjk ds iquthoZ u dh dkfs 'k'kas 'kq: gqb]aZ

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 79

ftUgkuas s lRrj ds n'kd eas [+kklrkjS ij betlaZs h ds lna HkZ eas dkQ+h oxs Hkh ikz Ir fd;k vkjS foLrkj HkhA
betlaZs h ds /kDds us bl /kkjk dh Lohdr` dlkfS V;kas o fpra kvkas dk]s ,d u;s l;a qDr ekps Zs dh lHa kkoukvkas
ds vuq:i <kyus rFkk O;kid cukus eas dkQ+h dke fd;kA vc vius lHkh igyqvkas ds lkFk vkjS viuh
ifjHkk"kk eas cjkcjh ds i'z u dks Hkh leVs rs gq,] tur=a k ds rdkt+s u;h ixz fr'khyrk dks ifjHkkf"kr djus
yxAs vc viuh lhekvkas ds ckotnw lla n lvw jckM+k ugha Fkh cfYd ,d ,ls h turkfa =kd lLa Fkk Fkh
ftldh j{kk rFkk et+crw h ds fy, yM+uk] lekurk vkjS U;k; ds fy, yM+kbZ dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy,
vfuok;Z FkkA

betlaZs h ds ckn ds nkjS e]as [+kklrkjS ij vLlh ds n'kd ds nkjS ku] ,d vkjs cgql[a ;d
lkia nz kf;drk ds mHkkj vkjS nlw jh vkjs fiNM+s oxZ dh jktuhfr ds mNky ds vuqHkokas u]s ftuds
lkLa df` rd vuqjk/s k vkjS Hkh eq[kj Fk]s u;h ixz fr'khyrk dh fpra kvkas rFkk dlkfS V;kas dk]s vius lekt
dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;kas dh jpukRed lHa kkoukvkas o rdkt+kas ds vkjS vf/kd vuqdyw <kyus dh
t+:jras Hkh inS k dha vkjS lHa kkouk,a HkhA fQj Hkh] 1936 eas ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k dk tc xBu gqvk
Fkk] ml le; tlS s i[z kj ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs ds vHkko e]as u;h ixz fr'khyrk dh /kkjk viuh 'kfDr o
lkLa df` rd ot+u eas c<+krs jh gkus s vkjS vius lkjs i;z klkas ds ckotnw ] igys tlS k oxs ugha idM+ ldrh
Fkh] ugha idM+ ik;hA

cgjgky] uCcs ds n'kd ds vkjHa k ls gekjs n's k eas d+k;e dh tk jgh uomnkjoknh&ckt+kjoknh
O;oLFkk u]s uomifuo's kokn ds [+krjkas ds :i e]as u;s lna HkkaZs eas ,d ,ls s u;s ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs ds rRo
,df=kr dj fn;s g]aS tks vuds vFkkaZs eas viuh i[z kjrk eas Lor=a krk l?a k"kZ ds led{k ut+j vkrk gAS
c's kd] lkekz T;okn dh pqukrS h bu nkus kas ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs kas dks vkil eas tkMs +us okyh egRoi.w kZ fo'k"s krk
gAS yfs du] nkus kas ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs kas dks vkil eas tkMs +us okyk bruk gh egRoi.w kZ lk>k l=w k] lepw h
O;oLFkk dk turk ds ipz Ma cgqer ds T+;knk ls T+;knk f[+kykQ+ gkrs s tkuk gAS ,d vkjs Hkfw e rFkk vU;
ikz df` rd lla k/kukas dh c<+rh cjs kds &Vkds yVw vkjS turk ds ipz Ma cgqer dk mRiknd Je ds nk;js
ls T+;knk ls T+;knk ckgj /kdys k tkuk] blh dh ,d vfHkO;fDr gAS ,ls h T+;knk ls T+;knk idz Vr%
tufojk/s kh gkrs h tk jgh O;oLFkk neu dk c<+rs ieS kus ij lgkjk yus s ds ckotnw ] flQ+Z mlh ds cy
ij ugha fVdh jg ldrh gAS blds fy, uomnkjoknh O;oLFkk us miHkkDs rkokn ij dfas nrz rFkk ^lH;rk
la?k"kZ* ls ysdj ^bfrgkl ds var* o mRrjvk/kqfudrk tSls vusd rRoksa ls cus vius
opS kfjd&lkLa df` rd&lkekftd lta ky ds t+fj;]s tks U;k; o lerk dh lHkh dYiukvkas dks rFkk euq";
dh ,dtqVrk dh lHkh t+:jrkas dks udkjus rd gh ugha tkrk gS cfYd gj rjg dh vlekurkvkas dks
'kk'or cukus rFkk ofa prkas dh opa ukvkas dks c<+kus ds Hkh i{k eas [kM+k gkrs k g]S lkjh dh lkjh
ltuZ kRedrk dks gh vo#) djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gAS

bl rjg ,d ckj fQj olS s gh ltuZ kRed foLQkVs ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ka cu jgh g]aS tlS s
foLQkVs ds fy, fNgRrj lky igys ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ds xBu us fVªxj eqg;S k djk;k FkkA nkgs jkus
dh t+:jr ugha gkus h pkfg, fd ltuZ kRedrk ds fo'kky fgLlkas dks ,dtqV djus rFkk jkLrk eqg;S k
djkus dh olS h gh lHa kkoukvkas ds ckotnw ] ;g ixz fr'khy vkna kys u dh 'kq#vkr ds ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs
ls cgqr gh fHkUu ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs gAS blds ukj]s rdkt+]s vuqjk/s k] dk;uZ hfr;k]a j.kuhfr;ka lc vyx
gkxas As gks ldrk gS fd blds fy, vius lHkh vk;kekas ds lkFk tuokn ;k tur=a k gh dgha mi;qDr

80 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dnas hz ; ,tMas k gks vkjS 'kk;n ijia jkxr vFkZ eas egs ur&et+njw h djus okykas ds vykok nfyr&vkfnoklh]
vU; lkekftd :i ls ofa pr] /kkfedZ o vU; vYil[a ;d] efgyk,a vkfn feydj vkcknh dk cgqer
cukus okys fdra q vc rd gkf'k;s ij iM+s jgs rcd+s] tks tur=a k dh ifjHkk"kk eas vius 'kkfey fd;s
tkus dh T+;knk ls T+;knk eq[kj gkrs h yM+kbZ yM+ jgs g]aS bl u;h jpukRedrk ds lcls lfd;z lkz rs
fudyAas ;g Hkh r; gS fd u;s ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs dh bu fHkUurkvkas dks igpku&s xqus fcuk] muls nk&s
pkj gq, fcuk] u;s ifjfLFkfr&l;a kxs dh lHa kkoukvkas dks okLrfodrk eas cnyuk 'kk;n eqefdu ugha
gkxs kA fQj Hkh ;g lpkbZ gS fd u;s :i eas ixz fr'khy lkLa df` rd vkna kys u ds ,d lPps u;s mHkkj
dh oLrqxr ifjfLFkfr;ka cu jgh gAaS

ixz fr'khy /kkjk ds okfjl fdl gn rd bu ifjfLFkfr;kas ds rdkt+kas dks ijw k dj ikrs gaS vkjS
bl rjg [kqn dks ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k o lkLa df` rd vkna kys u dk lPpk okfjl lkfcr dj ikrs g]aS
;g rks vkus okyk oD+r gh crk;xs kA cgjgky] ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k dh fojklr ls tqM+s lxa Bukas ls
bl ekdS +s ij de ls de blds xHa khj vkReijh{k.k dh mEehn rks dh gh tkuh pkfg, fd D;k muds
ifji{sz ; vkjS j.kuhfr;ka o dk;uZ hfr;k]a ixz fr'khy /kkjk ds lPps iquthoZ u dh bu mUeqDr gkrs h
lHa kkoukvkas ds vuq:i g\aS vxj ugha rks mueas D;k cnyko djus dh t+:jr g\S felky ds rkjS ij
vkt dh ifjfLFkfr;kas eas D;k flQ+Z bruk dkQ+h gkxs k fd fdlh tqxr ls rhukas lxa Bu ,d lkFk gks
tk;as ;k okeiFa kh lkLa df` rd vkna kys u dks ,d u;s gh ifji{sz ; ds vk/kkj ij [kM+k djus dh t+:jr
gkxs h\ vxj blls lca fa /kr t:jh i'z ukas ij beZ kunkjh ls rFkk [kqyh cgl fNM+ ld]s 'kk;n rHkh
ixz fr'khy y[s kd l?a k ds xBu ds ghjd t;ra h o"kZ ds lekjkgs kas dh dkbs Z lkFkdZ rk gkxs hA

eks- ua- 9818097260

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 81

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82 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vkanksyu dk foLrkj

jaxdeZ
laxhr
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lkekftd foKku

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 / 83

84 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

gekjh ckr

bIVk

1934&35 ds rqjar ckn rRdkyhu la;qDr dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds usr`Ro esa Lokèkhurk vkanksyu rFkk mRihfM+r tux.k
dh eqfDr ds O;kid y{; dks è;ku esa j[kdj la;qDr ekspkZ dh dk;Zuhfr dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA mlh
dk;Zuhfr ds rgr fdlku lHkk] et+nwjksa ds VªsM ;wfu;u] LVwMsaV Q+sMjs'ku vkSj izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk
1936 esa gks pqdh FkhA vc leL;k ;g Fkh fd 90 izfr'kr vf'kf{kr turk vFkok laiw.kZ ns'k ds mRihfM+r tux.k
ds chp oxZ psruk QSykus vkSj Lokèkhurk vkanksyu dks yM+kdw èkkj iznku djus ds fy, lkaLÑfrd fØ;kdyki
ds vkSt+kjksa dk bLrseky fdl izdkj fd;k tk;sA vr% ukVd vkSj jaxdeZ ds {ks=k esa u;h igyd+neh fdl rjg
'k:q dh tk;]b•s l i'z u dks yds j f'konku flga pkgS ku ls ,d fOkLrr` fjikVs Z i's k djus dk vujq kès k fd;k x;k
FkkA 1939 esa izLrqr ml fjiksVZ dks lkfgR; dh leL;k,a uked iqLrd esa ^Hkkjr dh tu ukV~;'kkyk* 'kh"kZd
ls f'konku flga pkgS ku us idz kf'k’ r djok;kA bIVk ds bfrgkl dks le>us ds fy, bl fjikVs Z dh eYw kHkrw
flQ+kfj'kksa dks tkuuk vko';d gSA f'konku flag pkSgku dh flQ+kfj'k bl izdkj gS%

^esjh le> esa Hkkjr dh tu ukV~;'kkyk dk uke jk"Vªh; tu&ukV~;'kkyk (People’s National Theatre)
gksuk pkfg,A Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h gd+hd+r mldh jk"Vªh; vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ gS] blfy, ;gka dh ukV~;'kkyk
jk"Vªh; gksdj Hkh izxfr'khy] Økafrdkjh gks ldrh gSA

mDr fjikVs Z eas tu&ukV;~ 'kkyk ds nks Hkkx djus dk l>q ko fn;k x;k g¼•S 1½ uxjkas dh fuEueè;oxh;Z turk
ds fy, rFkk ¼2½ fdlku&et+nwjksa ds fy,A uxjksa dh tu&ukV~;'kkyk dk :i baXySaM ds ;wfuVh fFk;sVj ds <kaps
ds vkèkkj ij <kyk tk;s vkSj fdlku&et+nwjksa ds fy, ukSVadh dk bl izdkj fodkl fd;k tk;s fd jk"Vªh;
tu&ukV~;'kkyk dk :i ysus ds Øe esa xkao ds [kqys eSnkuksa esa ukV~; izn'kZu gks ldsaA fdlku&et+nwjksa dh eqlhcr]
muds nq[knnZ] mu ij gksus okys 'kks"k.k vR;kpkj] muds laxBu&vkanksyu&la?k"kZ dh ukV~;&izLrqfr ds Øe esa
egktu] te+hnkj] dkjdqu] iVokjh] vnkyr] Fkkusnkj] iwathifr rFkk vkSifuosf'kd 'kklura=k dh gkL;kLin
O;aX;iw.kZ rLohj [khapus ds fy, xkaoksa esa izpfyr Lokax] fonw"kd] HkkaM+ vkfn dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A xkaoksa esa
izpfyr yksdxhrksa ds Nanksa esa izxfr'khy n`f"Vdks.k ls xhr fy[kdj mudh laxhrkRed izLrqfr jaxeap ij djuh
pkfg,A bl y{; dks è;ku esa j[kdj e`nax] i[kkot] <ksy] fpdkM+k] >ka>] racwjk] eathjk] rqjgh] [katM+h vkfn dk
bLrseky djus ls ukV~; izLrqfr vkd"kZd vkSj izHkko'kkyh gks tk;sxhA

tu laxhr ds fodkl ds fy, f'konku flag pkSgku us lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd tu&okD;ksa dks ,d=k dj
tu&vkdsZLVªk dh l`f"V dh tk ldrh gSA blds lkFk gh vfHku; vkSj xk;u ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa LFkkuh;
[ksfrgj vkcknh ds chp ls vfHkusrk vkSj xk;dksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mDr fjiksVZ dh bu
flQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj ;k FkksM+s&cgqr ifjorZuksa ds lkFk ukVd] jaxdeZ vkSj laxhrkRed izLrqfr dh n`f"V ls fnlacj
1939 esa dksydkrk esa ;qok lkaLÑfrd laLFkku ¼;wFk dYpjy baLVhV~;wV½ dh Lor%LQwrZ <ax ls LFkkiuk Nk=kksa dh
igyd+neh ij gqbZA ;qok Nk=kny ds lkaLÑfrd vfHk;ku dh fjiksVZ lqèkh izèkku us viuh iqLrd] ekfDZlLV
dYpjy ewoesaV bu bafM;k ds igys [kaM eas nh gSA bl i`"BHkwfe esa gh bIVk rFkk mlds }kjk fodflr tulaxhr
ds bfrgkl dks le>k tk ldrk gSA vr% bl [kaM esa bIVk ds LFkkiuk lEesyu ls ysdj bIVk ds dykdkjksa }kjk
fd;s x;s reke rjg ds lkaLÑfrd fØ;kdykiksa ls lacafèkr nLrkost+] vkys[k] Q+ksVksxzkQ+ vkSj laLej.k izLrqr
fd;s x;s gSaA fQ+Ye fuekZ.k vkSj fQ+Ye ds vU; {ks=kksa esa bIVk ds ;ksxnku ij Hkh bl [kaM esa nqyZHk lkexzh 'kkfey
djus dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 85

dyk

1930 ds vklikl flQZ+ Hkkjr dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgfR;d jpukdeZ esa ;FkkFkZoknh #>ku ugha vk;k]
ew£rdyk] fp=kdyk esa Hkh ;FkkFkZ ds dykRed vadu ds #>ku caxky dh dyk dh iqu#RFkkuoknh izo`fÙk ls
VDdj ysrs gq, izdV gq,A 1937 esa fu£er ^gfjiqjk iSuYl* uke ls fo[;kr uanyky cksl dh dykÑfr;ka Hkh
blh rF; dh vksj ladr djrh gSA uanyky cksl }kjk cuk;s x;s bu fp=kksa vFkok ew£r;ksa esa fganqLrku dh [ksfrgj
ft+anxh ds Je ds ifjn`'; vafdr fd;s x;s Fks ftuesa fdlku vkSj vkfnoklh leqnk; dh >yd feyrh gSA blls
Li"V gksrk gS fd dyk ds {ks=k esa Hkkjrh; fp=kdkj vkSj ewfÙkZdkj ;wjksi ds uohure dyk vkanksyuksa ls vizHkkfor
gksdj viuh jk"Vªoknh dyk rd lhfer ugha jg ldrs Fks vkSj u fopkjèkkjk dh n`f"V ls fo'o Lrj ij ekDlZokn
ds c<+rs gq, izHkko ds izfr mnklhu cus jguk pkgrs FksA blfy, ew£Ùkdyk vkSj fp=kdyk esa izxfr'khy vFkok
;FkkFkZoknh vadu dh izo`fÙk ds bfrgkl dk izLFkku fcanq 1947 ds izksxzsflo vkVZ xzqi dks ekuuk lgh ugha gSA
Hkkjr dh ledkyhu dyk% ,d ifjizs{; uked iqLrd esa izfl) fp=kdkj vkSj dykleh{kd izk.kukFk ekxks us
;g Li"V dgk gS fd izHkkookn] vfHkO;atukokn] ?kuokn] vewrZuokn vkSj vfr;FkkFkZokn dk Hkkjrh; dykdkjksa
ds dke ij izHkko 1920 ds n'kd ls gh fn[kk;h nsus yxrk gSA Lokèkhurk vkanksyu ds 1930 ds vklikl ds nkSj
esa dykdehZ vius ns'k ds tuthou dh nqnZ'kk vkSj vekuoh; mRihM+u ds ewd n'kZd cudj dSls jg ldrs Fks\
;FkkFkZ dh }a}kRedrk ds bl lanHkZ esa 100 bZ;lZ vkWQ ekMuZ bafM;u vkVZ% ,u ,Lls esa rRdkyhu fLFkfr dk
fooj.k bl izdkj izLrqr fd;k x;k gS% ^lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd rFkk jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa ls dykdeZ dks lgh
míhiu feykA caxky ds loZuk'kh vdky] f}rh; fo'o;q) ds ngyk nsus okys fd+Lls] Lora=krk ds yksdfiz; la?k"kZ
dks nckus ds fy, fczfV'k 'kkldksa }kjk iz;qDr vekuoh; cy iz;ksx] lkaiznkf;d naxs] ns'k dk foHkktu vkSj
'kj.kk£Fk;kas dh leL;k,a &&b• u lHkh us dykdkjkas dh dkes y Hkkoukvkas dks >d>kjs fn;k vkjS mUgas ekuoh; rFkk
lkekftd iz;ksxksa ds fp=kkadu ds fy, foo'k fd;kA Hkw[k] nq[k] d#.kk] nqHkkZX;] cqfu;knh vfèkdkjksa rFkk Lora=krk
dh eukgh vkSj bl lcls c<+dj lekuqHkwfr us tks nwljksa dh leL;kvksa dks le>us rFkk eglwl djus dh 'kfDr
nsrh gS] vfèkdka'k dykdkjksa dks bl vkn'kZ dh vksj izsfjr fd;k fd os vius Fkds&ekans lekt dk mRihM+u djus
okyh O;oLFkk ds vkykspd cu tk;saA* izfl) dyk bfrgkldkj m£e dslj us 1940 ds vklikl dykRed
fp=k.k dh u;h izo`fÙk;ksa dk vkdyu djrs gq, ,d iqLrd fy[kh gS] VªsaMl bu n Q+ksVhZt+A bl iqLrd esa ;g
crk;k x;k gS fd rRdkyhu =kklnh dk fp=k.k eq[; :i esa caxky vkSj iatkc dh dykÑfr;ksa esa feyrk gS] pwafd
caxky esa nksgjh =kklnh Fkh vFkkZr caxky vdky vkSj foHkktu dh fLFkfr] ftlls dykdkj izHkkfor gqvk vkSj
iatkc esa foHkktu dh =kklnh us djksM+ksa yksxksa dks tulagkj dh pisV esa ys fy;kA m£e dslj bl ifjizs{; esa tS+uqy
vkcsfnu] fpÙkizlkn] jke fdadj cSt] ifjrks"k lsu] lkseukFk gksj] ch-lh- lkU;ky] ,l-,y- ikjk'kj] 'kksHkk flag]
izk.kukFk ekxks] gj fd'ku yky] lrh'k xqtjky] ew£rdkj èkujkt Hkxr o vej ukFk lgxy vkfn dykdkjksa ds
egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku dh fo"kn :i esa ppkZ djrh gSaA ^ckacs izksxzsflo vkVZLV xzqi* ¼1947½ dh LFkkiuk ds pkj&ikap
lky igys gh vFkkZr 1942&43 esa dydÙkk ds vkB dykdkjksa us feydj ,d Vksyh dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh ftlesa
uhjksn etwenkj] 'kqHkks VSxksj] xksiky ?kks"k] ifjrks"k lsu] jfèku eks,=kk] izk.k Ñ".kk iky tSls fp=kdkj rFkk iznks"k
nkl xqIrk o deyk nkl xqIr tSls ew£rdkj 'kkfey gks x;s FksA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds rRdkyhu egÙoiw.kZ
dyk leh{kd vkSj dfo fo".kq Ms Hkh bl Vksyh ds lkFk lfØ; FksA bu dykdjksa us viuh Vksyh dks ^dksydkrk
xzqi* dh laKk FkhA bl xzqi dh vkSipkfjd cSBd LFkkiR;dkj iznks"k nkl xqIrk ds LVwfM;ks esa gqbZ FkhA 1944&45
esa dksydkrk xzqi ds bu dykdkjksa dh ,d dyk izn'kZuh eqacbZ esa gqbZ Fkh ftls iz$kafll U;wVu lwt+k vkSj ed+cwy
fQnk gqlSu us ns[kk FkkA bl uqekb'k esa izLrqr ew£r;ksa vkSj fp=kksa dh uohu mn~Hkkoukvksa dks ns[kdj bu yksxksa dks
dykRed vadu dh u;h fn'kk dh izsj.kk feyh FkhA izxfr'khy dykdkjksa dk ;g dksydkrk xzqi 1953 ds ckn

86 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fc[kj x;k vkSj bUgha fnuksa ^eqacbZ izksxzsflo vk£VLV xzqi* esa Hkh t+cnZLr VwVQwV gqbZ] pwafd vfèkdrj dykdj ;wjksi
pys x;sA dyk l`tu ds {ks=k esa 1930 ls 1956 ds chp fopkjèkkjkvksa vkSj vadu 'kSfy;ksa dh VdjkgVsa Hkh ekStwn
Fkha] ij blds ckotwn èkhjs&èkhjs iqu#RFkkuoknh rFkk jksekafVd fo"k;ksa dk LFkku okLrfod thou us ys fy;kA
bldk dkj.k crkrs gq, m£e dslj dgrh gSa fd ^bu fp=kdkjksa dks ekDlZoknh fopkjèkkjk esa gh ijs'kku dj nsus
okys la'k;ksa dk mÙkj feyrk ut+j vkrk FkkA* blhfy, 1947 esa tc ^izksxzsflo vk£VLV xzqi* cuk rks iz$kafll
U;wVu lwtk us mlds ?kks"k.ki=k rFkk vU; oDrO;ksa vkSj vius fp=kksa ds ekè;e ls ekDlZokn rFkk izxfr'khy
lkaLÑfrd vkanksyu ls iwjs xzqi dks tksM+us dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA ed+cwy fQ+nk gqlSu dh izkjafHkd fp=kÑfr;ka Hkh
blh rF; dh iqf"V djrh gSaA lkaiznkf;d 'kfDr;ksa ds geyksa ds vkxs vfMx jgrs gq, ed+cwy èkeZfujis{krk ds
izfr viuh vV~V vkLFkk ij d+k;e jgsA eqacbZ ds izxfr'khy dykdkjksa dh Vksyh ls ckn esa tqM+us okys jkedqekj
,d vksj tgka viuh dFkkÑfr;ksa esa eqYd ds foHkktu dh VªstsMh vkSj csjkst+xkj&cs?kjokj yksxksa dh nqnZ'kk dk
vadu dj jgs Fks] ogha vius dykdeZ esa dkexkjksa vkSj csjkst+xkjksa dh rckgh ls Hkjiwj fp=k Hkh cuk jgs FksA c<+sjk
vkVZ xSyjh ls 1996 esa izdkf'kr iqLrd] jke dqekj % , tuhZ fofnu esa 1965 rd ds jkedqekj ds vkÑfr
ewyd fp=kksa esa ^yksvj ckt+kj* ^f'keyk] xkWfli*] ^vkWijs'ku*] ^iqvj*] ^vkQZUl*] ^oSxkcksaM*] ^fgMu VªoqYl* vkfn
ekDlZokn vkSj izxfr'khy vkanksyu ls muds xgjs vkReh; vkSj oSpkfjd lacaèkksa dh iqf"V djrs gSaA mDr iqLrd
esa gh xxu fxy dks fn;s x;s vius lk{kkRdkj esa os [kqys rkSj ij ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd iz$kalhlh izokl ds nkSjku
os dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ls tqM+s gq, FksA mDr lk{kkRdkj esa os ;g Hkh crkrs gSa fd 1948 ls 1955 ds iz$kal esa dksbZ Hkh
dykdkj] lkfgR;dkj vkSj cqf)thoh dE;qfuLV cus fcuk jg gh ugha ldrk FkkA ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd ml nkSj
esa eqacbZ ls izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds eq[ki=k] u;k lkfgR; esa jke dqekj ds ys[k Nik djrs Fks] ftuesa yqbZ vjkxksa
uked Økafrdkjh iz$kalhlh dfo ds lkFk fy;k x;k mudk baVjO;w Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;|fi 1947 esa cuk ^izxfr'khy
vk£VLV xzqi* Hkh ckn esa fc[kj x;k] ij ml Vksyh ds dykdkjksa ds ckjs esa ;k ed+cwy fQ+nk gqlSu ds ckjs esa ;g
dguk fd os dkWjiksjsV gkmlst+ ds fy, gh viuh dykÑfr;ksa dk l`tu dj jgs Fks] ,sfrgkfld ys[kktks[kk ds
fglkc ls ,dkaxh ewY;kadu ekuk tk;sxkA && laiknd

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 87

bIVk dh ;knsa

cyjkt lkguh

,d fnu v[k+ckj eas i<+k] dgha ihiYt+ fFk;Vs j dk ukVd gkus s okyk gAS phu ds ihiYt+ fFk;Vs j
ds ckjs eas rks tkurk Fkk] fgna qLrku eas ihiYt+ fFk;Vs j dgka ls vk x;k\ prs u ls iNw kA mUgas Hkh dqN
irk ugha FkkA 'kke dks tc lhf<+;ka p<+u&s mrjus dh dok;n djrs gq, ge ch-ih- lkera ,Ma dia uh
ds n¶+rj igqpa ]s rks eaS e'kgjw fQ+Ye i=kdkj ch-ih- lkBs ls iNw cBS k] ^feLVj lkB]s cca bZ eas dkbs Z ihiYt+
fFk;Vs j Hkh g\S *

^D;kas ugh]a eaS Lo;a mldk eEs cj g]aw * mUgkuas s gla dj tokc fn;kA ^mlh dh ,d ehfVxa eas tk jgk
gAaw pyuk gk]s rks vki Hkh pyAas [+oktk vgen vCckl viuk u;k ukVd i<+xas As *

ejs s vkxgz djus ij prs u Hkh lkFk py iM+As
vkijs k gkml ds ut+nhd+ ,d xyh eas ikz Qs +ls j nos èkj dh lxa hr'kkyk FkhA NkVs k&lk gkyW Hkh Fkk
mldk] ftleas lkS ds yxHkx O;fDr cBS ldrs FkAs ,d rjQ+ NkVs h&lh LVts FkhA og gkyW gj 'kke
bIVk dh ljx£e;kas dk dnas z cu tkrk FkkA
gky eas dkbs Z chl&,d yM+d&s yM+fd;ka i[a ks ds uhps cBS s gq, FkAs vCckl viuk ukVd i<+uk 'kq:
djus okys FkAs eaS vkjS vCckl ljljh rkjS ij ,d&nlw js dks tkurs FkAs yna u eas euaS s mudh dqN mnZw
dgkfu;ka Hkh i<+h FkhAa ij ge feys dHkh ugha FkAs vCckl us cBS &s cBS s gh gekjs lkFk gkFk feyk;]s vkjS
fQj i<+uk 'kq: fd;kA ukVd fdl Lrj dk g]S bldk vuqeku dos y ,d ckj lqudj ugha gks ldrk
FkkA mleas tT+ckrh xgjkbZ ;k ukVdh; mBku eq>s T+;knk ugha yxhA vHkh eaS ;s ckras lkps gh jgk Fkk
fd vCckl us ,d fofp=k ?kk"s k.kk dj nh %
^lkfFk;k]s cM+h [kq+'kh dh ckr gS fd vkt gekjs chp cyjkt lkguh ektS nw gAaS vc eaS ;g Mkª ek
muds gokys djrk gAaw vkjS nj[+okLr djrk gaw fd ogh bls Mk;jDs V djAas *
eaS cqr&lk cudj n[s krk jg x;k] ij bUdkj djus dh e[w krZ k euaS s ugha dhA [k+kyh cBS &cBS dj
rxa vk x;k Fkk] dqN djus dks rks feyxs kA
bl rjg vpkud gh ft+na xh dk ,d ,ls k nkjS 'kq: gqvk] ftldh Nki ejs s thou ij vfeV gAS
vkt Hkh eaS viu&s vkidks ^bIVk* dk dykdkj dgus eas xkjS o egllw djrk gAaw
mlh jkr eaS bIVk ds lkfFk;kas ds lkFk og ukVd n[s kus Hkh x;k] ftldk bf'rgkj lqcg v[k+ckj
eas i<+k FkkA ukVd dk uke Fkk] ^ek*a A fuekrZ k Fk]s ekek ojjs djA eyw ejkBh ls fgna h vuqokn fd;k
x;k FkkA
ukVd cqjk ugha Fkk] ij mlds iLz rqrhdj.k us eq>s gn ls T+;knk fujk'k fd;kA ukVd ds dykdkj
T+;knkrj ,ls s Fk]s ftUgas fgna h Bhd ckys uh ugha vkrh FkhA mudk xqtjkrh] ejkBh] enkz lh mPpkj.k dkukas
dks [kVdrk FkkA euaS s jfs M;ks ds dke ds fy, vius mPpkj.k ls ita kfc;r fudkyus dh vFkd egs ur
dh FkhA ejs k n<` + fo'okl Fkk fd dykdkj dks ml t+cku dk ekfgj gkus k pkfg,] ftleas mls dke

88 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

djuk gAS ml le; LVts ij eaS ftUgas dke djrs gq, n[s k jgk Fkk] mueas dkbs Z FkkMs +k&cgqr gh ejs h
dlkVS h ij ijw k mrjrk FkkA D;k buls gh eq>s ^tqcnS k* ds ikVZ djokus iM+xas \s lkps &lkps dj ejs k ejs k
fny cBS us yxkA

lkjh jkr euaS s lkps rs gq, xqt+kjhA vxj bu dykdkjkas ls dke djok;k] rks cMs +k x+dZ gkus s eas t+jk
Hkh lna gs ugha gAS vxj budkj fd;k] rks fQj lhf<+;ka p<+u&s mrjus ds flok dkbs Z dke ugha jgxs kA
vkf[k+j d:a rks D;k d:!a

vkf[k+j bl urhts ij igqpa k fd fny dh ckr lkQ+&lkQ+ dg nus h pkfg,A 'kke dks euaS s 'krZ
i's k dh fd ik=kkas ds pquko vFkok vU; lc ckrkas ds ckjs eas ejs s Q+lS yksa eas fdlh dk n[k+y ugha gkxs kA
vCckl ds tT+ckrh LoHkko dks ;g :[kh ckr cqjh yxh ij ,d yca s ckykas okyk nqcyk&iryk uktS oku
vkxs c<+dj ckys k] ^geas lc 'kr±s eta +jw gAaS *

ml uktS oku dk uke Fkk] tlora BDdj] ftudh fiNys chl cjlkas dh los k xqtjkrh ukVd ds
bfrgkl eas Lo.kZ v{kjkas eas fy[kh tk;xs hA mudh egs ur dh cnkyS r vkt lkjS k"Vª ds lc fo'ofo|ky;kas
eas ukVd&foHkkx [kqy pqds g]aS ftueas Nk=kkas dks ch-,- dh fMxhz nh tkrh gAS ml le; tlora 'kk;n
bIVk ds lsØVjh FkAs

vxys fnu ls euaS s ^tqcnS k* ds ik=kkas dh ryk'k tkjh dj nhA ghjks ds fy, prs u dks jkt+h djus
eas eq>s fnD+dr ugha gqbAZ ghjks ds NkVs s HkkbZ dk jkys nos vkuna us [kq'kh ls lHa kky fy;kA ^tqcnS k* ds
ik=k ds fy, vt+jk us gka dj nhA ij ik=kkas dh lpw h cgqr yca h Fkh] tks rhl&iraS hl rd tk igqpa rh
FkhA blfy, NkVs s ik=kkas ds fy, euaS s ft+n NkMs + nh] ij cM+s ik=kkas ds ckjs eas vius Q+lS ys ij vVy jgkA

irk ugh]a fdl Hkjkls s ij vCckl us fun'Zs ku dk dke ejs s gokys dj fn;k FkkA LVts dk ejs k
vuqHko dos y ,d&nks dkyts eas vkjS ,d&nks 'kkfa r fudrs u eas [kys s x;s ukVdkas rd lhfer FkkA ik=kkas
dk fun'Zs ku FkkMs +k cgqr dj ldrk Fkk] ij fun'Zs ku ds rduhdh igyqvkas ls eaS fcydqy vutku Fkk]
vkjS vc rd gAaw ;g ejs s dykRed thou dk vèa kdkje; igyw gAS

eaS viuh bu det+kjs h ls [kcw okfd+Q+ FkkA blls mRiUu vkRefo'okl dh deh vkjS fpra k ds
dkj.k dbZ ckj fjglyZ kas ds nkjS ku ejs s pgs js vkjS vk[a kkas eas iFkjko&lk vk tkrk FkkA vt+jk dgrh]a ^vk[a kas
>idkvks cyjkt] vk[a kas >idkvk]s eq>s Mj yxrk gAS *

vkRefo'okl] pqLrh] fnyjs h vkfn xq.k b'Z ojh; nus ugha gkrs As
mnkgj.k ds rkjS ij] dkbs Z xkoa dk gkfs 'k;kj vkjS QqrhyZ k uktS oku tc fdlh cM+s 'kgj eas vk;]s
rks lqLr&lk iM+ tkrk gAS bldk dkj.k ;g ugha fd cnyh gqbZ tyok;q dk ml ij ,dk,d vlj
gks x;k gAS njvly] mls 'kgjh thou ds my>ko vkjS ckjhfd+;kas dk Kku ugha gkrs k] vkjS u mldh
bruh f'k{kk gkrs h gS fd mUgas tYnh ls le> ldAs blfy, og lge&lk tkrk gAS mldh vk[a kkas eas
iFkjko vkjS vxa kas eas lqLrh vk tkrh gAS
Kku dh lia .w krZ k vkRefo'okl inS k djrh gAS vKku dk t+jk&lk v'a k Hkh fdlh u fdlh le;
euq"; ds vkRefo'okl] mldh Q+Slyk djus dh 'kfDr] vkjS mldh cgknqjh dks nx+k ns ldrk gAS
vius rduhdh vKku dks fNikus ds fy, euaS s viuk lkjk t+kjs ik=kkas ds pquko ij yxk fn;kA
eaS pkgrk Fkk fd gj ik=k ds fy, eq>s ckgj&Hkhrj ds ,ls s dq'ky dykdkj fey tk;as tks LVts ij igpqa rs
gh BkB ck?a k nAas fQj] ckd+h lc dljw ekQ+ gks tk;xas As

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 89

ehj lkgc] fetk+ Z e'aq kh cfs ny] lBs lkgcbµ l ukVd ds fo'k"s k vkjS fnypLi ik=k FkAs ehj ds
fy, euaS s vCckl dh ckga idM+ yhA os cgqr NViVk;]s D;kfas d LVts ij dke djus dk mUgkuas s dHkh
liuk Hkh ugha n[s kk FkkA ij ejs h ft+n ds vkxs mUgas >qduk gh iM+kA ij lcls fnypLi ryk'k eqa'kh
cfs ny ds ik=k dh jghA ,d fnu euaS s prs u dks dkQW +h&gkml eas ,d fBxu]s det+kjs &ls vkneh ds lkFk
ckras djrs n[s kkA eq'a kh cfs ny dh thrh&tkxrh rLohj Fkh ogA ml O;fDr dk uke j'khn [k+ku Fkk
¼ftudks ikBd vuqjkèkk] xeZ dkVs vkjS vU; dbZ fQ+Yekas eas n[s k pqds gkxas ½s A os vky bfa M;k jfs M;ks
eas LVkQ+&vk£VLV FkAs eaS gkFk èkkds j muds ihNs iM+ x;kA

j'khn [k+ku us tlS s ejs h vk[a kkas eas i<+ fy;k fd eaS tYnh gkj ekuus okyk vkneh ugha gAaw os
Hk;Hkhr&ls gks x;]s dqlhZ [khpa dj ejs s ut+nhd cBS rs gq, mUgkuas s lta hnxh ls eq>s le>kuk 'kq: fd;k%

^nfs [k, lkgc] ukVdkas vkjS fQ+Yekas eas eaS viu&s vkidks fdl d+nj rckg dj pqdk g]aw ;g ,d
yca h nkLrku gAS bl oD+r eaS bruk dg nus k dkQ+h le>rk gaw fd eq>s muds uke ls Hkh uQ+jr gks
pqdh gAS jfs M;ks dh ukdS jh ls eq>s eqf'dy ls nks oD+r dh jkVs h dk lgkjk feyk gAS bls eaS fdlh ljw r
eas [k+rjs eas ugha Mky ldrkA*

^yfs du ukVd eas dke djus ls vkidh ukdS jh dlS s [k+rjs eas iM+ ldrh g\S nlw js ykxs Hkh rks
dke dj jgs g]aS * euaS s dgkA

^;g eaS cgs rj le>rk gAaw *
^yfs du vkidks n[s kus ds ckn vc eq>s bl jkys ds fy, nlw jk vkneh tpa gh ugha ldrkA
crkb,] eaS Hkh D;k d:\a *
^vki HkkM+ eas tk;Aas * os mBdj ckgj pys x;As
ijw s nks eghus ukVd dh fjglyZ as pyrh jgh]a ijw s nks eghus eaS j'khn [k+ku dk bra t+kj djrk jgkA
fdruh&fdruh njs eas jfs M;k&s LV's ku ds cjkenkas eas [kM+k jgrkA tc Hkh os vkr&s tkr]s eaS gkFk ckèa kdj
[kM+k gks tkrkA os iqfyl cqykus dh èkefd;ka nrs As dbZ ckj mUgkuas s pijklh ls dgdj eq>s vius dejs
ls ckgj fudyok;kA ij euaS s Hkh lcz dk lkFk ugha NkMs +kA jfs M;k&s LV's ku eas ejs k cgqr jl[w k+ Fkk] ch-
ch-lh- dk vukmla j tks jgdj vk;k FkkA vxj pkgrk rks fdlh Åpa s vQ+lj dh enn ls eaS j'khn
dks gkfly dj ldrk Fkk] ij ,ls k djuk eq>s equkflc ugha yxkA
bèkj vCckl vkjS nlw js lkFkh vèkdpjh fjglyZ kas ls rxa vk jgs FkAs vukM+h fun'Zs kd ij ykxs kas dks
olS s Hkh Hkjkls k ugha gkrs kA fd'rh dks Hkoa j eas Qla k n[s kdj fdlh u fdlh cgkus lkFk NkMs + tkrs gAaS
tlora BDdj eq>s lVS k]as ykbfVxa vkjS rduhdh ckrkas ds ckjs eas iNw rAs eaS xkys ekys lk tokc nrs kA
lkBs vkjS vCckl fdlh u fdlh cgkus fjglyZ as n[s kus ds fy, iF` ohjkt dijw ] t;jkt] ;k d-s ,u-
flga dks cqyk ykrs vkjS vidz V :i ls eq>s mudh lgk;rk yus s ds fy, dgrAs ij eaS tkurk Fkk
fd t+jk Hkh vkRefo'okl dh deh inz £'kr dh] rks HkVB~ k gh cBS tk;xs kA ,d fnu euaS s l[+rh ds lkFk
gLr{kis u djus dh 'krZ fQj nqgjk nhA lkfFk;kas ds pgs jkas ij ek;lw h ds vklkj lkQ+ fn[k+k;h ns jgs
FksA
flQ+Z ,d tlora BDdj Fk]s ftUgkuas s eq>s dHkh NkVs k egllw ugha djk;k] gkykfa d ejs h [k+kfe;kas
dks lcls T+;knk ogh i<+ ldrs FkAs fjglyZ kas eas os ge's kk eq>ls igys igpqa rs Fks vkjS NkVs h&NkVs h t+:jrkas
dk [k+;ky j[krAs ejs h ,d&,d gjdr dks os d+nnz kuh ls n[s krAs mudh ektS nw xh eas eaS [kqyk&[kqyk

90 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

egllw djrk] tlS s dkbs Z cgqr gh I;kjk nkLs r fey x;k gkAs èkhj&s èkhjs eq>s ;d+hu gks x;k fd LVts
dh rduhdh t+:jrkas ds ckjs eas eq>s muds gkrs s gq, fpra k djus dh t+:jr ugha gS vkjS os dkbs Z cgqr
ips hnk Hkh ugha gAaS

,d fnu ,d bjZ kuh gkVs y eas bdVB~ s pk; ihrs gq, euaS s viuh dYiuk dks cys xke NkMs +rs gq,
dgk] ^ejs k fny pkgrk gS fd 'kknh okys lhu eas nYw gs dks ?kkMs +s ij p<+kdj ckt&s xkts ds lkFk n'kdZ kas
ds chp ls LVts ij ykÅAa ckjkr fFk;Vs j ds ,d njokt+s eas ls nkf[k+y gk]s vkjS nlw js eas ls ckgj fudy
tk;As Bhd mlh oD+r inkZ mBs vkjS dgkj Mkys h ykrs gq, ut+j vk;Aas lkFk eas 'kgukbZ ct jgh gkAs *

ejs k [k+;ky Fkk fd bl ckj tlora t+:j ejs k et+kd mM+k;xas ]s ij os bl rjg dqlhZ ls mNy iM+]s
tlS s eaS vkleku ds rkjs rkMs + yk;k gkÅs Aa ejs s euk djr&s djrs mUgkuas s ejs h bl lud dks okLrfod
tkek igukus ds i;z Ru 'kq: dj fn;As dkolth tgkxa hj gkyW E;qfuflifS yVh ds vèkhu Fkk] ftlus
gkyW eas ls tkuoj ykus dh btkt+r nus s ls fcYdqy budkj dj fn;kA ij tlora dgka gkj ekuus okys
FkAs mUgkuas s ,d odhy dh enn ls vfèkdkfj;kas ds vkxs lcrw i's k fd;k fd lu~ 1922 eas blh gkyW
dh LVts ij cna j yk;k x;k FkkA vxj cna j vk ldrk g]S rks ?kkMs +k D;kas ugh\a btkt+r fey x;h!

tlora viuh èkqu ds eLr ekyS k vkneh FkAs ^bIVk* ds lkFkh mUgas ^eMS diS * ds uke ls iqdkjrs
FkAs ,d eMS diS dh vkjS of` ) gkus s ls Hkyk tlora dks D;k ,rjkt+ gks ldrk FkkA

^[kcw xqt+jxs h tks fey cBS xas s nhokus nkAs *
ge vkil eas [kcw ?kh&f[kpM+h gkus s yxAs muds lkFk euaS s cca bZ ds xyh&dpw kas dh [kcw ljS dhA
vPN&s vPNs ukVd n[s k]s vPN&s vPNs ykxs kas ls feykA vCckl vkjS ckd+h lkfFk;kas us dguk 'kq: dj fn;k]
^pyk]s vc ;g Hkh dE;qfuLV cuk fd cukA*
eaS bu ckrkas ij dku u nrs kA tlora dE;qfuLV Fks ;k ugh]a u rks euaS s dHkh muls iNw k vkjS u
gh mUgkuas s ejs s lkFk dHkh jktuhfr dh ckr dhA eq>s ,d vPNk nkLs r fey x;k FkkA eq>s vkjS dqN
ugha pkfg, FkkA euaS s bl ckr dh ijokg u dh fd og nkLs r dE;qfuLV gS ;k ughAa bIVk ds ckjs eas
dHkh&dHkh eaS lqurk Fkk fd vna j gh vna j vyx&vyx xqVkas dh [khpa &rku jgrh gS vkjS dE;qfuLV
eEs cj lLa Fkk ij gkoh gAaS ij D;kas vkjS dlS ]s ;g tkuus dh u eq>s QqlrZ Fkh] vkjS u gh fnypLihA
ejs k è;ku ukVd eas yxk gqvk FkkA
ik=k&fun'Zs ku ds fo"k; eas vxa tsz +h lkfgR; ls dkyW ts ds t+ekus eas vgen'kkg cq[k+kjh tlS s mPpdkfs V
ds ukVd fo'k"s kKk]as vkjS yna u eas n[s ks ukVdkas eas gkfly dh d+nj&as d+heras ejs s cgqr dke vk;hAa tqcnS k
ukVd pkgs vPNk Fkk ;k cqjk] eaS vc mls ,d ifo=k èkk£ed iqLrd dh rjg n[s krk FkkA ejs k fo'okl
gS fd ukVd dh vPNkb&Z cqjkbZ ds ckjs eas fun'Zs kd dks ukVd gkFk eas yus s ls igys lkps uk pkfg,] vkjS
,d ckj gkFk eas ys yus s ds ckn fQj mls dHkh rduhdh ut+j ls ugha n[s kuk pkfg,A fun'Zs kd dk
dke viuh dyk dk inz 'kuZ djuk ugh]a cfYd y[s kd ds vk'k; dh i£w r djuk g]S mlh jxa :i dk
o's k igukdj n'kdZ kas ds lEeq[k fu[kkjuk gAS tks fun'Zs kd fjglyZ kas ds nkjS ku eyw ukVd eas euekus
ifjoruZ djrs tkrs g]aS os vPNk dke ugha djrAs y[s kd dh lykg ds fcuk ifjoruZ djuk ,;s kjh
gSA
vCckl ds ukVd eas cgqr det+kfs j;ka FkhAa ejs s lkFkh dbZ ckj mudh rjQ+ ejs k è;ku [khpa rAs ij
vCckl ls ft+Ø djus ls igys eaS ukVd dks fQj x+kjS ls i<+rk] vkjS gj loky dk tokc ukVd ds

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 91

vna j gh eq>s fey tkrkA eaS vCckl dh ;kXs ;rk ij v'k&v'k fd;s fcuk u jgrkA pkgs dqN Hkh dfg,]
vCckl ds ukVdkas eas ,d eudk gkrs k g]S ,d vuk[s kkiu] ,d eukjs ta d ykps ] tks euaS s fgna h&mnZw ds
fdlh vkjS ukVddkj eas de gh n[s kh gAS dk'k] vCckl us viuh bl miyfCèk dh vkjs fo'k"s k è;ku
fn;k gkrs kA [k+jS ] fun'Zs kd dh dYiuk dks ijsz .kk nus s ds fy, vCckl ds ukVdkas eas Hkjijw elkys gkrs s
gSaA

fjglyZ kas ij vkus ls igys eaS ik=kkas dh ijw h xfrfofèk;kas dk uD+'kk eu eas fcBk yrs k] ftlds dkj.k
dbZ ckj og cgqr et+snkj gks tkrk FkkA

ij vuqHko u gkus s ds dkj.k dbZ ckj eq>ls l[+r x+yfr;ka gks tkrh FkhAa nos vkuna dks eaS 'kk;n
xqLls eas vkdj dHkh dg cBS k Fkk] ^;kj] rw dHkh ,Ds Vj ugha cu ldrkA* eq>s ugha ;knA ij ;g iDdh
rjg ;kn gS fd tc mUgas iHz kkr fQ+Ye dia uh ls bVa jO;w ds fy, cqykok vk;k Fkk] rks euaS s prs u ls
pkjs h&fNis mUgas iuw k Hkxk fn;k Fkk vkjS rkdhn dh Fkh fd vxj os mUgas dkaVDªS V i's k djas rks os fdlh
ljw r eas budkj u dj]as pkgs 'kr±s fdruh Hkh dfBu D;kas u gkAas bl rjg nos dks fQ+Yekas eas èkdys us
ds fy, ,d rjg ls eaS gh ft+Eenkj gAaw fQj Hkh] ukle>h eas dgh gqbZ ckr nos dks dkQ+h pqHkh Fkh]
vkjS fQ+Yeh i=kdkjkas us mls fny [kkys dj mNkyk FkkA

blls lkQ+ t+kfgj gS fd fun'Zs kd dks dHkh Hkh l;a e ugha [kkus k pkfg,] dHkh Hkh ,ls h ckr eqga
ls ugha fudkyuh pkfg,] ftlls dykdkj dk fny nq[ks ;k mldk gklS yk iLr gkAs eaS ,d ckj ugh]a
dbZ ckj ,ls h x+yfr;ka dj pqdk g]aw ftudk eq>s cgqr xgjk nq%[k gAS os ejs s vKku dk urhtk FkhAa

'kks eas dos y pkj fnu ckd+h jg x;s FkAs eq'a kh cfs ny okyk ekeyk vHkh Hkh gok eas yVdk gqvk
FkkA u j'khn [k+ku viuh ft+í NkMs +us dks r;S kj Fk]s u eAaS ij dykdkj vkf[k+j dykdkj gkrs k gAS ejs h
n;uh; gkyr n[s kdj vkf[k+j mUgas gh gkj ekuuh iM+hA ij vc loa kn ;kn djus dk le; ugha jgk
FkkA eq'a kh cfs ny LVts ij ,d v[k+ckj i<+rs gq, nkf[+ky gkrs s FkAs lk]s j'khn [k+ku us vius loa kn
v[k+ckj eaS fNikdj j[ks gkrs s FkAs gj n'` ; eas vius loa kn i<+dj gh ckys rs jgAs n'kdZ kas dks bl ckr
dk vkHkkl rd ugha gqvkA cfYd tqcnS k ukVd dh dke;kch T+;knkrj eq'a kh cfs ny ds ik=k ls gh tqM+
x;hA mldh bruh ppkZ gqbZ fd cps kjs j'khn [k+ku dks fQj jfs M;ks NkMs +dj fQ+Yekas vkjS ukVdkas eas vkuk
iM+kA

'kks okys fnu rd ukVd dh fd'rh Mkoa kMkys jgh FkhA Bhd inkZ mBus ls igys prs u dks nes
dk nkjS k 'kq: gks x;kA lk]s tYnh&tYnh eds vi djds ghjks dk jkys eq>s [kqn djuk iM+kA euaS s mldh
fjglyZ as rks ugha dh Fkh]a ij ukVd 'kq: ls vkf[k+j rd eq>s ;kn gks pqdk Fkk] blfy, cpko gks x;kA
fd+Ler ls euaS s bl eqf'dy oD+r eas lgk;d gkus s ds fy, vius NkVs s Hkkb]Z Hkh"e lkguh dks jkoyfiMa h
ls cqyk fy;k FkkA igys 'kks eas mUgkuas s ,d ugh]a cfYd rhu NkVs &s NkVs s ik=kkas dk jkys ] eds &vi
cny&cnydj] cgqr vPNh rjg fuHkk;kA ,d n'` ; eas os E;qfuflifS yVh ds depZ kjh ds :i eas xyh
dh ykyVus tykus vk;]s ftlds uhps ek<s +kas ij cBS dj ehj lkgc] fet+kZ lBs lkgc vkjS e'qa kh cfs ny
dh xi&xk"s Bh gkrs h FkhA loa kn u mldks ;kn Fk]s u eq'a kh cfs ny dkAs irk ugha fdl ckr ij nkus kas
,d&nlw js ls my> iM+As og >iV bruh LokHkkfod] fnypLi vkjS et+ns kj fl) gqbZ fd ge's kk ds fy,
ukVd dk Hkkx cu x;hA

reke eqf'dykas ds ckotnw ukVd dks vk'kk ls vfèkd lQyrk feyhA n'kdZ kas ds Bhd chp ls

92 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

tc cMaS vkjS ?kkMs +s lers nYw gs dh ckjkr fudyh] rks fFk;Vs j dh nhokjas rkfy;kas dh vkokt+ ls dkia mBhAa
vpkud ,d fnu 'kfw Vxa dk cyq kok vk x;ktµ hou eas ejs h igyh 'kfw Vxa A 'kke ds lkr ct s

dkjnkj LVfw M;ks eas igqpa uk FkkA bIVk dh ,d ehfVxa chp gh eas NkMs +dj euaS s Bhd le; ij puhZ jkMs
LV's ku ls xkM+h idM+hA 'kfw Vxa 'kCn lqudj nkLs rk&as lkfFk;kas ij ,ls h ifz rfd;k gqb]Z tlS s fctyh ds rkj
dks gkFk yx tk;As eaS ,d {k.k eas muds fy, I;kj ds ctk; b"Z ;kZ dk ik=k cu x;k FkkA

vkjS ml fnu ls yds j vkt rd euaS s vius bn&Z fxn?µZ kj eas Hkh] vkjS ?kj ds ckgj Hkhgµ e's kk ;gh
ifz rfØ;k n[s kh gAS gj fdlh dh ut+j eas 'kfw Vxa ,d cM+h vykfS dd pht+ gAS og vkneh dks nlw js
ykxs kas ls vyx vkjS Åpa k cuk nrs h gAS 'kfw Vxa dj jgs dykdkj dk flga klu vVy yxrk g]S vkjS
tks u dj jgk gk]s mldk Mxexrk gqvkA vxj dkbs Z ;aw gh iNw cBS ]s ^vkt vkidh 'kfw Vxa ugha g\S *
rks cM+s ls cM+k vfHkurs k Hkh ?kcjk tkrk g]S tlS s mlls dkbs Z d+ljw gks x;k gkAs bldk dkj.k ;g gS
fd bl loky ls dgha njw ] ,d [k+rjs dh ?kVa h cèa kh gqbZ g]S ftldh vkokt+ fQ+Ye&LVkj ds dkukas dks
vPNh ugha yxrhA

eq>s lkr cts dk le; fn;k x;k Fkk] ij LVfw M;ks tkdj irk yxk fd f'k¶+V ukS cts 'kq: gkxs hA
bruk igys D;kas cqyk fy;k eq>\s vkB cts rd rks Q.kh&nk ds lgk;d us Hkh n'kuZ ugha fn;As ij
euaS s bl ckr dh T+;knk ijokg ugha dhA igyh 'kfw Vxa dk pko tks FkkA okLro eas ,ls s vieku NkVs s
dykdkjkas dk fnekx+ Bhd txg j[kus ds fy, fd;s tkrs gAaS cM+s dykdkj] vFkkrZ ~ LVkj] viuh et+hZ
ds ekfyd gkrs s g]aS vkjS f'k¶+V 'kq: gkus s ds ckn nk&s nk]s pkj&pkj ?kVa s njs ls vkrs gAaS ij mudh gj
ckr dk eqLdjkgV ls Lokxr djuk fuekrZ k] fun'Zs kd vkjS ;fw uV ds iRz ;ds depZ kjh dk drOZ ; gkrs k
gAS ,ls k djus ls LokfHkeku eas iM+h gqbZ njkjkas dks Fkdw ls tkMs +us dh [k+kfrj NkVs s dykdkjkas dks vdkj.k
gh MkVa k&QVdkjk vkjS t+yhy fd;k tkrk gAS mudh ykpkjh mUgas eqga cna j[kus ij etcjw djrh g]S
D;kfas d fdlh le; Hkh mUgas dke ls gVk;k tk ldrk gAS gk]a vxj fdlh NkVs s dykdkj dh fd+Ler
ped mB]s vkjS mls Åij ys tk;]s rks og fxufxudj cnys yrs k g]S vkjS rc NkVs s dykdkjkas dh enn
djus dk] ftueas ls og Åij mBk gkrs k g]S mls Hkh dkbs Z [+;ky ugha jgrkA

lVS LVfw M;ks ds vgkrs eas yxk;k x;k FkkA fdlh vehj vkneh ds vkxa u vkjS ckx+hps dk lVS
Fkk ogA yxHkx lk<+s ukS cts Q.kh&nk r'kjhQ+ yk;]s vkjS deS jkeuS ] ?kk"s k us èkhj&s èkhjs ykbfVxa 'kq: dhA
yxHkx X;kjg cts fQY+ e dh dNq ,d e'kgjw gfLr;kas dh ekVs jas LVfw M;ks ds QkVd eas nkf[ky+ gbq pµ± kyhZ
¼vius vylfs 'k;u dqÙks ds lkFk½] vkxk] Mfs oM] dqlqe n's kikMa ]s lqukfyuh nos h ;s ykxs rktegy gkVs y
eas gqbZ fdlh fMuj&ikVhZ ls vk jgs FkAs enk±s us idM+h gqbZ frryh&dkyj deht+as vkjS dkys fMuj&lVw
igus gq, Fk]s ftudh yM+kbZ ds t+ekus eas euaS s bXa yMaS eas eukgh&lh n[s kh FkhA muds vkrs gh ets + ij lQ+ns
diM+k fcNk;k x;k] pedrs gq, phuh ds lVS eas lMaS fop vkjS dkQW +h vkfn lkeku yk;k x;kA euaS s
dHkh ch-ch-lh- eas Hkh brus uokch BkB ls dke gkrs k ugha n[s kk FkkA eq>s vthc&lk yxkA D;k ;g
ogh n's k Fkk] tgka lky&Hkj igy]s yk[kksa ykxs Hk[w k ls ej x;s Fk]s vkjS tgka lu~ 42 ds vkna kys u eas
idM+s x;s gt+kjkas n's kHkDr vHkh rd tys kas eas lM+ jgs Fk\s fgna qLrku fojk/s kkHkklkas dk n's k gAS vHkh eaS
mudk vknh ugha gqvk FkkA eaS fon's k ls u;k&u;k ;gka vk;k FkkA

dkQW +h vkfn ihdj LVkj pys x;As mudk dke djus dk eMw ugha cu jgk FkkA lVS dk igyk
fnu Fkk( 'kk;n ltkoV vkjS ykbfVxa eas vHkh dkQ+h le; yx tk;As Q.kh&nk us fcuk fdlh f'kdk;r

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 93

ds dke vxys fnu ij Mkydj mUgas fonk fd;kA vc ckd+h jg x;k Fkk e]aS vkjS fQ+Ye ds ghjk]s
uohu ;kfKd] tks LVkjiu dh ngyht+ rd igqpa x;s Fk]s ij vHkh mUgkuas s mls ikj ugha fd;k FkkA
tc ge dkQW +h ih jgs Fk]s rks os vna j eds vi dj jgs Fk]s vkjS vc pqipki ,d dqjlh ij vkdj cBS
x;s FkAs mUgkuas s uhys jxa dk dqrk&Z iktkek iguk gqvk Fkk] tks pgs js ds yky eds vi ds lkFk feydj
guqekuh fd+Le dk iHz kko inS k dj jgk FkkA tc ckrphr 'kq: gqb]Z rks uohu us crk;k] ^inZs ij bu
diM+kas dk jxa lQ+ns fn[kk;h nxs kA ,dne lQ+ns diM+]s jxa hu fQ+Ye eas rks igus tk ldrs g]aS ij
dkyh&lQ+ns fQ+Ye eas ugha igus tk ldrAs mudh ped deS jkeuS ds dke eas my>u inS k djrh gAS *

^ij ,ls s diM+s igudj vkjS pgs js ij bruk xk<+k eds vi djds D;k dykdkj ds eu dh
LokHkkfodrk u"V ugha gks tkrh\* euaS s iNw kA

^vknr gks tkrh gS]* uohu laf{kIr&lk mÙkj ns[kdj pqi gks x;sA eq>s cM+h gSjkuh gqbZA
vfHku;&dyk ds ckjs eas tks dqN euaS s i<+k&lquk Fkk] mlds vkèkkj ij LokHkkfodrk lcls t+:jh pht+
FkhA ejs s egÙoi.w kZ loky dk ghjks us 'kk;n eryc ugha le>k Fkk] euaS s lkps kA

uohu dk pkMS +k likV&lk pgs jk igyh ut+j eas eq>s lqanj ugha yxk FkkA lk]s eq>s ?kfV;k fd+Le
dh rlYyh gqbZ Fkh fd inZs ij eaS muls T+;knk lqna j fn[kk;h nxaw kA ij euaS s n[s kk] fd gla rs le; muds
dikys kas eas DykdZ xcs y d&s ls xM<~ s iM+rs Fk]s tks muds pgs js dks cgqr vkd"kdZ cuk nrs s FkAs muds
xHa khj LoHkko us Hkh eq> ij cgqr xgjk vlj MkykA

uohu dh fd+Ler eas yca h ft+na xh ugha fy[kh FkhA ml fQ+Ye ds ijw s gkus s ds yxHkx ,d lky
ckn gh os fe;knh cq[k+kj dk f'kdkj gkds j LoxoZ klh gks x;As fQ+Yeh ft+anxh ds FkkMs +&s ls le; eas mUgkuas s
cgqr vPNs dke fd;s FkAs mUgkuas s ,Ds LVkª vkas vkjS LVfw M;k&s et+njw kas dh ;fw u;uas cuk;ha Fkha vkjS muds
gd+kas ds fy, l?a k"kZ fd;k FkkA muds ,d lkFkh] Ñ".kdqekj dks viuh bu los kvkas ds cnys eas xqMa kas
ds gkFkkas d+Ry gkus k iM+k FkkA eaS mu nkus kas uds vkjS fuMj O;fDr;kas dks i.z kke djrk gAaw

uohu ds ikl ls mBdj eaS Hkh eds vi djus ds fy, pyk x;kA eds vi&euS dk uke Lokeh
FkkA vkt Hkh LVfw M;ks eas dHkh&dHkh mlds n'kuZ gks tkrs gAS fiNys chl o"kk±s ls mldh vk£Fkd n'kk
fcydqy ugha cnyh gAS ;g Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk fd og vius Lrj ij d+k;e jgh gkxs hA bl
vkne[k+kjs fQ+Yeh èkèa ks eas lkS eas ls fuUukuos O;fDr;kas dh ;gh dgkuh gAS

euaS s viuk eds vi fd;kA bl ckj pgs jk bruk ila n ugha vk;k] ftruk fd iuw k eas ilna vk;k
FkkA yca rw jk&lk vkjS dqN [kqjpk&[kqjpk&lk yx jgk FkkA D;k eds vi Bhd ugha gqvk Fkk] ;k vkbuZ s
ij cfÙk;ka cgqr Åpa h yxh gkus s ds dkj.k ,ls k yx jgk Fkk\ ;k ejs h lgs r fxj x;h Fkh\

dqN fnu igys yfS exa Vu jkMs ij feLVj Hkoukuh feys FkAs ,d ckj os eq>s vkjS prs u dks vius
?kj fMuj ij cqyk pqds FkAs rc vk'kk gqbZ Fkh fd iqjkuh tku&igpku ds dkj.k os t+:j ejs h dqN enn
djxas As mUgkuas s cgqr cf<+;k [kkuk f[kyk;k FkkA ij ejs s fny dh ckr dk mUgkuas s ft+Ø rd ugha gkus s
fn;k] vkjS yfS exa Vu jkMs okyh eqykd+kr eas rks os vkjS Hkh fujk'k dj x;As mUgkuas s dgk] ^ejs h ckr dk
cqjk u ekuuk] feLVj lkguhA vc vkids pgs js ij og Hkjijw [kcw ljw rh ugha jgh] tks euaS s dk'ehj eas
n[s kh FkhA vki dqN&dqN xjS h diw j dh rjg fn[kk;h nus s yxs gASa *

xjS h diw j! lla kj dk lcls ykds fi;z fQ+Yeh ghjkAs vkjS mlls ejs h lekurk Hkoukuh dks xq.k ugh]a
nk"s k irz hr gks jgh Fkh!

94 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

eq>s cgqr nq%[k gqvkA dHkh euaS s Hkoukuh dks vius ?kj eas Bgjk;k FkkA Hkkx&nkMS +dj muds dke
fd;s FkAs ml le; ctk; blds fd os ejs h enn djr]s mYVk ejs h fgEer rkMs + jgs FkAs fdlh us lp
gh dgk gS fd rkjhd+h eas lk;k Hkh tqnk bla ku gkrs k gAS

mu fnukas ejs k flQ+kfj'kh [k+rkas dk rt#ck Hkh cgqr dM+ok jgk FkkA Jh t-s ,u- lkguh] ejs s eklS js s
Hkkb]Z fgna qLrku VkbEt+ vkjS u's kuy dkyW tlS s ifz l) nfS ud i=kkas ds lia knd jg pqds FkAs tc mUgas
irk yxk fd eaS fQ+Yekas eas ioz 's k dj jgk gaw rks mUgkuas s ejs s ckjs eas vius fe=k] jk;cgknqj nuw hpna dks
i=k fy[kk] tks fQ+fYeLrku LVfw M;ks ds ekfyd FkAs vkjS ,d [k+r ckEW cs Vkdht+ LVfw M;ks ds iCyhflVh
vkQW +hlj] Jh bna jz kt vkuna dks fy[kk] tks vkt iVdFkk&y[s kd dh gfS l;r ls ifz lf) ds f'k[kj ij
igqpa s gq, gAaS mu fnukas nkus kas LVfw M;ks fQ+Ye bMa LVhª ds dnas z ekus tkrs FkAs ij nkus kas txg gh ejs s lkFk
vPNk lydw ugha gqvkA

blh rjg vCckl vkjS lkBs us ft+n djds eq>s oh- 'kkra k jke ds ikl Hkts kA eaS mUgas crk pqdk
Fkk fd iHz kkr LVfw M;k]s iuw k eas os ejs s lkFk fdruh vPNh rjg i's k vk;s FkAs mu fnukas vCckl vkjS lkBs
MkDVj dkVs uhl dh vej dgkuh dh iVdFkk vkjS loa kn fy[k jgs FkAs 'kkra kjke ds lkFk mudk jkts +
dk mBuk&cBS uk FkkA

ij bl nlw jh eqykd+kr vkjS igyh eqykd+kr eas t+ehu vkleku dk Q+d+Z FkkA ,d rks 'kkra kjke
[kqn cgqr cny pqds FkAs u muds dejs eas og lknxh Fkh] u mudk fyckl fgna qLrkuh Fkk] lkgckas okyk
BkB&ckV Fkk mudkA mudk 'kjhj Hkh igys ls LoLFk vkjS lqMkyS gks x;k FkkA lQ+ns deht+&iryuw eas
os brus â"V&iq"V vkjS Åpa s d+n&dkBh ds yx jgs Fks fd mUgas igpkuuk eqf'dy gks jgk FkkA gkFk dh
,d vxa qyh eas ghjs dh vxa Bw h iM+h gqbZ Fkh] ftls ckrphr ds nkjS ku eas os nlw js gkFk ls eyrs jgrs FkAs

eaS Hkh rks fdruk cny pqdk FkkA 'kkfa r&fudrs u ;k los kxkz e ls vk;k gqvk vkJeokeh fuLlna gs
lEekui.w kZ O;ogkj dk gd+nkj FkkA ij yna u ls vxa tsz +kas dk ikz iW xs Ma k djds ykVS s gq, vukmla j dks ogh
lEeku dlS s fey ldrk Fkk\ ikpa &nl feuV dh eqykd+kr ge nkus kas dks ,d&nlw js ls njw djus ds
fy, dkQ+h FkhA mlds ckn vkt rd ge dHkh ,d&nlw js ls ugha feys g]aS cl njw ls gh lyke&nqvk
gqbZ gAS

tc eaS u;s vfHkurs kvkas dks fQ+Yekas eas dke ikus ds fy, flQ+kfj'kh [k+r yds j fuekrZ kvk]as fun'Zs kdkas
vkjS fQ+Ye&LVkjkas ds ;gka pDdj yxkrs gq, n[s krk g]aw rks fny pkgrk gS fd fdlh rjg mUgas le>k
ldaw fd bu flQ+kfj'kh [k+rkas dh d+her ml dkx+t+ ftruh Hkh ugha g]S ftl ij os fy[ks gq, gAaS ukdS jh
ikuk vkjS pht+ g]S dykdkj cuuk vkjS pht+A ukdS jh ikus ds fy, flQ+kfj'kh [k+r Hkys gh dke vk
ld]as ij 'kk;n gh dkbs Z ikz Ms ;~ lw j ,ls k gkxs k tks nlw jkas ds dgus ij fdlh u;s vfHkurs k dks deS js ds
lkeus ykus dk [k+rjk ekys yAs ¼fQY+eh½ pDdj vkjS rjg pyrk gS vkjS mls le>uk cgqr t+:jh
gAS vfèkdrj lQyrk vkneh ds vius l?a k"kZ vkjS HkkX; ij fuHkjZ gkrs h gAS

vkerkjS ij flQ+kfj'kh [k+r nus s oky]s yus s okykas dh vi{s kk dgha T+;knk ukle>h dk lcrw nrs s
gAaS mUgas njw cBS s gq, viuh tku&igpku okyk dkbs Z fQ+Yeh O;fDr b'Z oj tlS k loOZ ;kid vkjS
lo'Z kkfDreku irz hr gkus s yxrk gAS ij vlfy;r dbZ ckj mlds vuqeku ds foijhr gkrs h gAS ftlls
lgk;rk dh vk'kk dh tkrh g]S og lgk;rk nus s dh gkyr eas gh ugha gkrs kA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 95

mnkgj.kkFk]Z vkt eaS dg ldrk gaw fd Hkoukuh ij ukjkt+ gkus k ljklj ejs h e[w krZ k FkhA ekuS fQ+Yekas
ds t+ekus eas os cgqr lQy fuekrZ k jgs Fk]s ij fQj tc ckys us okyh fQ+Yekas dk nkjS 'kq: gqvk] rks
os gj d+ne ij vlQy gkrs s x;As tc eaS muls feyk Fkk] rks os ij's kkfu;kas eas ls xqt+j jgs FkAs vkjS
eq>s viuh lgs r dk [+k;ky j[kus dh ckr dgdj mUgkuas s viuh lTturk dk lcrw fn;k FkkA xjS h
diw j dks gkyW hoqM eas Hkys gh lnqa j ekuk tk;]s ij fgna h fQ+Yekas eas rks xkys &eVkys pgs jkas dks gh ilna
fd;k tkrk gAS

ij cps kjs u;s dykdkj dh ,d cnfd+Lerh ;g Hkh gkrs h gS fd mls fQ+Yekas ds vna :uh okrkoj.k
dk dqN irk ugha gkrs kA Bkds jsa [kk&[kkdj mls gj fdlh ij 'kd gkus s yx tkrk gAS og lkps rk gS
fd gj dkbs Z mldh jkg jkds jgk g]S mlls nq'euh dj jgk gAS

,d ckj nknj eus jkMs ij txnh'k lBs h us Hkh eq>s lgs r ds ckjs eas lprs gkus s ds fy, dgk FkkA
mu fnukas pfj=k&uk;d ¼djS Ds Vj&,Ds Vj½ ds rkjS ij mudh e'kgjw h vkleku dks Nw jgh FkhA muds dgs
'kCn eq>s vHkh rd ;kn g%Sa ^LØhu ij iryk vkneh vkjS Hkh iryk fn[kk;h nus s yxrk gAS lks rqEgas
viuk ot+u c<+kuk pkfg,A*

cgqr egÙoi.w kZ ckr dgh Fkh mUgkuas As ij ml le; og eq>s dM+oh yxh FkhA vQ+lkls dh ckr
;g gS fd ftls dkbs Z pht+ feyrh g]S mldh ut+j eas mldh d+her ugha gkrs hA vkjS ftldh ut+j eas
d+her gkrs h g]S mls og pht+ feyrh ugha gAS

bleas dkbs Z 'kd ugha fd ejs h lgs r dkQ+h fxj pqdh FkhA cca bZ dh tyok;q eq>s jkl ugha vk jgh
FkhA ,d fnu VDS lh eas cBS s gq,] ilhus ls rjcrj euaS s vCckl ls iNw k] ^;kj] cca bZ eas jgrs gq, rqEgas
fdrus lky gks x;s g\aS *

^lkr*] mUgkuas s dgkA
^lkr lky!* euaS s gjS kuh ls dgkA ^eaS rks lkps Hkh ugha ldrk fd bl ejnnw 'kgj eas dlS s dkbs Z
lkr lky dkV ldrk gAS *
^rqEgas lkr lky ckn iNw xaw k]* vCckl us v[k+ckj ij ls ut+j mBk;s fcuk gh dgkA
mudh Hkfo";ok.kh fdruh lp fudyh! cca bZ es jgrs gq, vkt eq>s lkr ds ctk; rbs lZ lky
gks x;s gAaS
lgs r fxjus dk vlyh dkj.k vk£Fkd ij's kkuh vkjS vfu;fer fd+Le dh ft+anxh gh FkhA ilS s dk
egqa n[s kus ds fy, mu fnukas euaS s D;k&D;k ugha fd;k! VMªs lZ cdaS dh ,d 'kk[kk dk euS ts j ejs k dkyW ts
dk lgikBh fudy vk;kA og dHkh&dHkh cdaS dh vkjs ls eq>s FkkMs +k&cgqr dt+Z nrs k jgkA ejs s ,dkmVa
eas nks gt+kj #i;s dk vkos j Mkª ¶+V gks x;kA ,d fnu vpkud mls rCnhyh dk ukfs Vl vk x;kA mls
,d eghus dk le; feyk] vkjS ejs k ufS rd dÙkOZ ; Fkk fd mlds tkus ls igys dt+Z dh jd+e pqdk
nwaA
bl drOZ ; dks ijw k djus ds fy, euaS s tks dkfs 'k'kas dh]a og uk[kuw kas ls dqvka [kkns us okyh ckr FkhA
jfs M;ks ds ikz xs kz e nus s vkjs iqLrdkas ds vuqokn djus rd gh ejs h nkMS + lhfer FkhA Hkyk bu dkekas ls
fdruh dekbZ gks ldrh Fkh! ,d fnu fdlh us crk;k fd fQ+YEt+ fMoht+u ¼ljdkjh lpw uk&fQ+Ye
foHkkx½ eas NkVs h fQ+Ye dh okrkZ fy[kus ds fy,] vkjS ckys us ds fy, Hkh] ijw k M<s + lkS #i;k fey tkrk
gAS eaS mlh le; Mk;jDs Vj ls feyus pyk x;kA vius uke dk dkMZ vna j Hkts kA Mk;jDs Vj us >V

96 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vna j cqyk fy;kA mls n[s krs gh ejs h tlS s lkla #d x;hA ejs s lkeus og uktS oku [kM+k Fkk] tks [kqn
nks lky igys yna u eas ejs s lkeus bVa jO;w ds fy, i's k gqvk FkkA vkDW lQ+kMs Z dh mPp f'k{kk lekIr
djds mlus ch-ch-lh- ds fgna qLrkuh foHkkx eas ukdS jh ds fy, vt+hZ nh FkhA gekjs Mk;jDs Vj tqYQ+dkj
vyh cq[k+kjh mu fnukas fgna qLRkku vk;s gq, FkAs lks mls ejs s ikl Hkts k x;k FkkA eq>s mldk mnZw mPpkj.k
ilna ugha vk;k Fkk] blfy, mls ukdS jh ugha fey ldh FkhA vkjS vc eaS mlds lkeus ,d ekeyw h&ls
dke ds fy, lokyh cudj [kM+k FkkA eq>s viuh lkjh mEehnkas ij ikuh fQjrk gqvk ut+j vk;kA
ij og cf<+;k fd+Le dk vkneh lkfcr gqvkA mlus mlh le; ejs h vt+hZ eta jw dj yh vkjS dkbs Z ,ls h
ckr eqga ls ugha fudkyh tks eq>s pqHkus okyh gkAs ij bl dke eas ls Hkh eaS eqf'dy ls ikpa N% lkS
#i;s gh dek ldk] D;kfas d fjdk£W MLVkas dks ejs s ckys us dk vna kt+ ilna ugha FkkA

viuk eds vi okyk pgs jk n[s krs gq, eq>s os iqjkus fnu ;kn vkus yxs FkAs ij euaS s fujk'k u gkus s
dk fu'p; fd;kA 'kfw Vxa dk igyk fnu FkkA ,d rjg ls ejs h fd+Ler dk bErgku Fkk ml fnuA
eaS gj gkyr eas Q.kh&nk ij vPNk iHz kko Mkyuk pkgrk Fkk] ij fQj Hkh] ejs s u pkgus ij Hkh] og eds vi
ejs s pgs js ij ck>s &lk curk tk jgk FkkA ,ls s yxrk Fkk] tlS s pgs js ij yxkrs le; cgqr lkjk ikmMj
ejs h vk[a kkas eas Hkh pyk x;k gkAs jg&jgdj ,d [k+;ky eq>s rxa dj jgk Fkk fd fQ+Ye vfHkurs k dks
lQ+ns dh txg uhys diM+s igukdj vkjS mlds eqga ij flna jw h jxa dk IyLrj&lk yxkdj muls dlS s
LokHkkfod vfHku; dh vk'kk dh tk ldrh gAS eq>s bl ckr dk irk ugha Fkk fd LokHkkfod vfHku;
dh efa t+y ij igpqa us ds fy, dykdkj dks dbZ fd+Le ds vLokHkkfod cèa kukas vkjS dfBukb;kas dks
Lohdkj gh ugh]a cfYd viukuk iM+rk gAS blds fy, lqy>s gq, vè;;u vkjS vH;kl dh t+:jr
gAS ejs h utj+ eas LokHkkfodrk dk vFkZ Fkkcµ èa kukas ds ifz r ykijokg cudj olS s gh djuk] tlS s thou
eas gkrs k gAS u;s dykdkjkas ls vke rkjS ij ;g x+yrh gks tkrh g]S vkjS bldh mUgas cM+h d+her pqdkuh
iM+rh gAS

eaS lVS ij x;kA lkHS kkX; ls deS jk ykxa &'kkVW ij j[kk gqvk FkkA eaS mls Hkqyk ldrk Fkk] lVS ij
Lor=a krk ls bèkj&mèkj py&fQj ldrk Fkk] fcuk fdlh #dkoV ds gkFk&ijS fgyk ldrk FkkA

lhu bl idz kj Fkk% ghjks cjkens eas ,d Vcs y&yiaS ds idz k'k eas iqLrd i<+ jgk gAS e]aS mldk
Q+'S ku&ijLr nkLs r] eLrkuh vnk e]as njokt+s eas nkf[ky gkrs k g]aw flj ls gVS mrkjdj [kVaw h ij Vkxa rk
g]aw vkjS ,d vkjkedjq lh ij cBS dj flxjVs ds d'k [khpa rk gvq k ghjks ds ijq kruiFa kh fopkjkas vkjS vkn'kk±s
ij O;Xa ; djus yxrk gAaw loa kn dk dos y ,d okD; ckys us ds ckn 'kkVW dV gks tkuk FkkA

dgrs gaS fd u;s tqvkjh dk igyk nkoa ge's kk lhèkk iM+rk gAS bl 'kkVW eas euaS s ,ls h LokHkkfodrk
fn[kk;h fd gj rjQ+ ls okg&okg gkus s yxhA vkjkedqjlh ij cBS rs gh eaS eqga eas ls èkq,a ds xkys &xkys
NYys fudkyus yxk Fkk] tks cM+s djrc okyh ckr FkhA blds ckn ,d&nks vkjS 'kkVW gq,] ftueas deS jk
FkkMs +k ut+nhd vk x;kA bl ckj Hkh euaS s cgqr cf<+;k vfHku; fd;k] tlS s fn[kk jgk gkÅs a fd ;g
lc ejs s tlS ]s ch-ch-lh- ls vk;s gq, dykdkj ds ck;as gkFk dk [kys gAS eaS [kq'kh eas >ew rk gqvk ikz r%dky
ds le; ?kj igqpa kA

rhu fnu ckn fQj mlh lVS ij fnu dh f'k¶+Vas 'kq: gqb±] rks eq>s fQj cqyk;k x;kA rc LVfw M;ks
eas cM+h pgy&igy n[s khA ,d cM+s&ls dejs eas enk±s dk ckjh ls ckjh eds vi fd;k tk jgk FkkA cjkens
ds ml vkjs ,d mrus gh cM+s dejs eas fL=k;kas dk eds vi fd;k tk jgk FkkA os bl idz kj pgd jgh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 97

Fkha tlS s fdlh C;kg eas ,d lkFk cBS h gqbZ gkAas eq>s Hkh enk±s okys dejs eas nkf[k+y dj fn;k x;kA eaS
ugha tkurk Fkk fd os dkuS ykxs FkAs vxj dkbs Z crk nrs k fd os ,DLVkª Fk]s rks Hkh dkbs Z Q+d+Z ugha iM+rk]
D;kfas d eaS ugha tkurk Fkk fd ^,dLVkª * D;k gkrs s gASa mudk eds vi gkrs k n[s k dj euaS s ;gh lkps k fd
os Hkh ejs s ;k uohu tlS s dykdkj gkxas As tlS s LVts dh nqfu;k eas lc cjkcj gkrs s g]aS pkgs dkbs Z cM+k
dykdkj gk]s pkgs NkVs k] mlh idz kj fQ+Yekas eas Hkh gkxs kA pk;&ikVhZ ds n'` ; ds fy, ejs h rjg os ykxs
Hkh vius ?kjkas ls cf<+;k lVw ] 'kjs okfu;ka vkfn igu dj vk;s Fk]s vkjS cgqr vPNs yx jgs FkAs lHkh
vPNs O;ogkj okys ykxs FkAs muds lkFk xIias gkda us ds fy, [kqyk le; feyk FkkA dqN gh njs eas muds
lkFk ejs h nkLs rh gks x;hA bxa yMS ls vk;k gqvk gkus s ds dkj.k eaS Hkh mudh vk[a kkas eas vknj dk ik=k
cuk gqvk FkkA bruk I;kjk vkjS lq[kn okrkoj.k euaS s dHkh ihiYt+ fFk;Vs j eas Hkh ugha n[s kk FkkA gj dkbs Z
ejs s lkFk cM+h uerz k vkjS viuRo ls i's k vk jgk Fkk] tlS s gj lHa ko rjhd+s ls ejs s ijk;is u ds vglkl
dks njw djuk pkg jgk FkkA mudh ckrkas ls irk pyk fd os [kqn Hkh dkbs Z ekeyw h vkneh ugha FkAs ,d
us crk;k fd 'kgj eas mldh pkj Q+uhpZ j dh nqdkuas gAaS 'kfw Vxa ds fy, og flQ+Z 'kkdS ijw k djus ds
fy, dHkh&dHkh vk tkrk gAS vkjS vc [kqn ,d fQ+Ye cukus dk bjknk dj jgk gAS mleas foyus
¼[kyuk;d½ dk jkys og t+:j eq>s nxs k] D;kfas d eaS 'kDy ls fcYdqy ^bxa fy'k foyus * tlS k yxrk
gwaA

gjS kuh dh ckr ;g Fkh fd flQ+Z ogh ugh]a gj vkneh fQ+Ye cukus dk ikz xs kz e fy, cBS k FkkA gj
fdlh ds ikl dgkuh Fkh] tks mlus [kqn fy[kh FkhA og cM+&s cM+s fQYe&LVkjkas ds uke yrs k] ftuds lkFk
mldh nkLs rh Fkh] vkjS tks mldh fQ+Ye eas dke djus ds fy, ^gk*a dj pqds FkAs

,d Åpa k&yca k iBku] ftldk uke vlye Fkk] cM+h uerz k ls ckys jgk FkkA fQj mlus Q.kh&nk
dh cqjkbZ djuh 'kq: dhA dgus yxk fd igyh fQ+Ye eas mUgkuas s mls ,d NkVs k jkys fn;k Fkk] vkjS
ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd vxyh fQ+Ye eas eq[; ik=k dk] vkjS fQj mlls vxyh fQ+Ye eas ghjks dk jkys
nxas As bl fglkc ls ml fQ+Ye e]as ftldh fd 'kfw Vxa gks jgh Fkh] mls ghjks gkus k pkfg, FkkA vkf[k+jh
ne rd mls yVdk;s j[kk x;k] vkjS vc ^HkkbZ ykxs k*as eas [kM+k dj fn;k x;k gAS ^HkkbZ ykxs * 'kCn eq>s
vt+hc&lk yxk vkjS ml ij gla h vk;hA ij euaS s n[s kk] vlye dh vk[a kkas ls vkla w QVw iM+s Fks vkjS
mlus tcs ls :eky fudky fy;k FkkA eaS ,dk,d xHa khj gks x;kA ejs s lkFk Hkh rks Q.kh&nk us g&w c&gw
blh fd+Le dk oknk fd;k FkkA

fo'okl djuk dfBu Fkk fd Q.kh&nk bl fd+Le dk vU;k; dj ldrs gASa ejs s eu eas muds fy,
cgqr xgjh J)k FkhA ij et+s dh ckr ;g fd vkxs tkdj ejs s lkFk Hkh ogh dqN gqvk tks vlye
ds lkFk gqvk FkkA eaS Hkh vius lkFk olS k gh vU;k; n[s kdj cgqr nq%[kh gqvk Fkk vkjS gj txg Q.kh&nk
dks dkls us yxk FkkA ij vkt eaS Q.kh&nk dks nk"s k ugha nrs kA chl lky bl ^rek'k*s dh nqfu;k eas
xqt+kjdj eaS bl urhts ij igpqa k gwa fd bl nqfu;k dh viuh vyx ufS rdrk vkjS vius vyx
d+k;n&s d+kuuw g]aS tks ikBdkas dks èkhj&s èkhjs le> eas vk;xas As

igys fnu] ml ikVh&Z lhu eas ejs k dkbs Z 'kkVW ugha gqvk] vkjS lkjk fnu èkiw e]as dqjfl;kas ij bèkj&mèkj
cBS dj vkjS cds kj dh ckras djds eaS rxa vk x;kA ij nlw js fnu vpkud Q.kh&nk dk deS jkeuS ?kk"s k
vkjS nks vU; depZ kjh] tks ejs s vfLrRo dks fcydqy Hkyw pqds yxrs Fk]s ejs s ikl vk;As deS jk ejs h
ets + ij eq> ls rhu QqV ds Q+klys ij fVdk fn;k x;kA ftruh njs rd eq> ij ykbVas vkjS fjQ+yDS Vj

98 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

Mkyus dk icz èa k gkrs k jgk] ejs h vkjs fdlh us è;ku ugha fn;kA u gh fdlh us crk;k fd D;k 'kkVW
gS ;k fdl lhu eas vkuk g]S ;k dgkuh ds lkFk mudk D;k lca èa k gAS bruk ut+nhd gkus s ij deS js
us ejs s vxa kas dh lkjh vkt+knh Nhu yh FkhA euaS s mldh vkjs ls ykijokg cuus dh cgqr dkfs 'k'k dh]
ij gj {k.k og ejs s vxa kas dks tdM+rk jgk] tlS s dkbs Z vtxj eq>s viuh yiVs eas yds j Hkhpa rk tk jgk
gkAs eq>s viuh lHkh gjdras ud+yh egllw gkus s yxhAa ykxs vthc ut+jkas ls eq>s n[s k jgs FkAs dkbs Z
ejs h gjdrkas ls iHz kkfor ugha gks jgk FkkA ,ls s yx jgk Fkk tlS s gj fdlh dks ejs s fny dh ?kcjkgV dk
irk yx x;k FkkA

fQj ejs s lkeu]s ets + ij] Hkquk gqvk ,d ijw k eqx+kZ ykdj j[kk x;kA Q.kh&nk us le>k;k fd DyiS
ctus ds ckn] deS js ds ikl [kM+k vflLVVaS Åpa h vkokt+ eas dgxs k] ^yfs uu!* vkjS eaS mldh vkjs gla dj
n[s krk gqvk eqx+Zs dks nkus kas gkFkkas eas mBk yxaw k] vkjS eqx+Zs dh vkjs n[s kdj dgxaw k] ^tkuoj*!

yfs uu tlS s egku O;fDr ds uke ds lkFk ^tkuoj* 'kCn tkMs +uk eq>s cgqr Hkík yxkA ij bl
ckjs eas loky&tokc dlS s dj ldrk Fkk] tcfd 'kkVW fy;k tkus okyk Fkk\ 'kk;n ^yfs uu* 'kCn ghjks
dh vkjs ls ckys k tk jgk Fkk] ftls dE;qfuLV fopkjkas dk fn[kk;k x;k gkxs kA os yM+kbZ dks ^ykds &;q)*
dgrs Fk]s vkjS :l&vejhdk&bxa yMaS i{k dk leFkuZ djrs FkAs blds myV lqHkk"kpna z ckls ds vuq;k;h
teuZ h&tkiku ds i{k dk leFkuZ djrs Fks vkjS dE;qfuLVkas dks x+íkj dgrs FkAs dkxa lsz nkus kas vkjs d+ne
j[krh FkhA og yM+kbZ dks ^ykds &;q)* dgrh Fkh] ij dE;qfuLVkas dks x+íkj ?kkfs "kr djrh FkhA D;k irk]
Q.kh&nk lqHkk"koknh gk]as vkjS bIVk ds ,d eEs cj l]s ftls fd vke rkjS ij dE;qfuLV le>k tkrk Fkk]
yfs uu ds ckjs eas vieku&Hkjk 'kCn dgyokdj [kq'k gkus k pkgrs gkAas ;k fQ+Ye ds 'kq: eas ghjks ds
dE;qfuLV fopkjkas dk et+kd+ mM+kdj vra eas mls Bhd lkfcr djuk pkgrs gk]as D;kfas d ghjks vkf[k+j
ghjks gkrs k gAS

T+;knk lkps us dk le; ugha FkkA ,d jkLrk Fkk] 'kkVW nus s ls lkQ+ budkj dj nus kA nlw jk jkLrk
Fkk] bu ckrkas dh vkjs ls è;ku gVkdj dke eas yx tkukA nlw jk jkLrk vklku FkkA eaS mlh jkLrs ij
pykA ij bl ckr dk eq>s vkt rd vQ+lkls gS fd eq>s fdlh gkyr eas Hkh ,ls k 'kCn ckys us ds
fy, ekuuk ugha pkfg, Fkk] ftlls fd ,d egkiq#"k dk vieku gkus s dh lHa kkouk gkAs ;g ejs h ufS rd
det+kjs h FkhA

bl ?kVuk ls fdlh gn rd ml t+ekus ds vkjS vkt ds fQ+Yeh okrkoj.k ij idz k'k iM+rk gAS
ml t+ekus dh fQ+Yekas eas jktuhfrd vkjS lkekftd fopkjèkkjkvkas dk dkQ+h leko's k gkrs k FkkA vkt
bl ckr ij fo'okl djuk dfBu g]S D;kfas d fQ+Yelkt+ flQ+Z Hkxa ?kkVs rs gAaS

Q.kh&nk viuh ml ehBh] I;kj&Hkjh ut+j ls eq>s n[s k jgs FkAs igyh fjglyZ gqbAZ igys eq>s
^yfs uu* dgus okys dh vkjs n[s kdj gla uk FkkA ij mlh le; ejs s tcM+s l[w ks gq, peM+s dh rjg vdM+
x;s vkjS mUgkuas s [kqyus ls budkj dj fn;kA fQj] euaS s eqx+Zs dh vkjs n[s kdj ^tkuoj* dgk rks lgh]
ij lkmMa &fjdk£W MLV dks lquk;h ugha fn;kA mlus Åpa h vkokt+ eas ckys us ds fy, dgkA eaS ml
vthc&lh ifjfLFkfr ij gjS ku gks jgk FkkA eaS gla Hkh jgk Fkk vkjS Åpa h vkokt+ eas ckys Hkh jgk FkkA
ij u gla h ckgj fudy jgh Fkh] u vkokt+A

nlw jh fjglyZ gqbAZ bl ckj euaS s vkjS t+kjs yxk;kA ,ls s yxk tlS s bl ckj euaS s t+:jr ls T+;knk
tcM+s [kkys fn;s FkAs ckys k Hkh t+:jr ls T+;knk Åpa k FkkA fQj Hkh] fjglyZ ds ckn Q.kh&nk us ^t+jk

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @/ 99