NP-Jan-Jun-2012

^eq>dks Hkh baXySaM ys pyks*¼1953½ bl ek;us esa fnypLi gS fd lkjh nqfu;k esa tc iap'khy vkSj
dkWeuosYFk dk Madk ct jgk Fkk] rc 'kSysanz us fy[kk%

eq>dks Hkh baXySaM ys pyks iafMr th egkjkt
ns[ksa jkuh ds flj dSls èkjk tk;sxk rkt!
rqe ftuds tkrs gks mudk cgqr lquk gS uke
lqurk gaw] ml ,d N=k esa dHkh u gksrh 'kke
dkys] ihys] xksjs] Hkwjs muds vufxu nkl
lkFk fdlh ds lk>snkjh vkS* dksbZ csnke

[+kq'k gksdj os yksxksa dks ns nsrh gSa lkSjkt!

^lkSjkt* ;k LojkT; dks ysdj mudh ;g psruk mUgsa ;FkkFkZoknh cukrh gS tks ckn esa Hkh ge ns[krs
gSaA blhfy, muds xhr la?k"kZ ds vkg~oku xhr ds :i esa xk;s tkrs jgs vkSj vkt Hkh xk;s tkrs gSaA

fQ+Yeh xhrdkj vkSj dfo bl ek;us esa vyx gSa fd nksuksa dh jpukRedrk dk izkjCèk fcYdqy
vyx gksrk gSA dfo le; dh vkykspuk dk nkf;Ro fdlh ds b'kkjs ij ugha fuHkkrkA bl rjg fo"k;]
Hkk"kk vkSj f'kYi dh ckuxh dks ysdj og vfèkd fparu'khy gksrk gSA blfy, dfork esa Hkh
iz;ksx'khyrk dh xqatkb'ksa vlQy gksus dh gn rd cph jgrh gSaA fQ+Yeksa ds fy, xhr fy[kus okyksa
dks bruh lqfoèkk ;k Lok;Ùkrk ugha feyrhA izlaxkuqdwyrk vkSj lQyrk mlds fy, lcls cM+s
izfreku gksrs gSaA mls bUgha nks èkzqoksa ds chp jgrs gq, viuh jpukRedrk dks lkfcr djuk iM+rk gSA
,sls esa os xhrdkj] tks izxfr'khy ewY;ksa vkSj lkekftd ft+Eesnkjh ls viuk lacaèk ugha rksM+rs] flpq,'ku
ds vuq:i xhr fy[krs gq, Hkh viuh oSpkfjdh dks bruh dq'kyrk ls lkèkrs gSa fd vk'p;Z gksrk gSA
'kSysanz blh ek;us esa fganh fQ+Yeksa ds cstksM+ xhrdkj gSaA

'kSysanz us fQ+Yeh xhrdkj dk lQ+j vkt+knh ds Bhd ,d o"kZ ckn ;kuh 1948 ls 'kq: fd;kA
;g og nkSj Fkk] tc ,d vksj vkt+knh ds vkanksyu ds nkSjku l'kDr gqvk eè;oxZ 'kklura=k ij viuk
opZLo et+cwr dj jgk Fkk] rks nwljh vksj og Jfed esgurd'k turk Fkh ftls yksdrkaf=kd vfèkdkj
rks fey pqds Fks ysfdu mu vfèkdkjksa dks ikus ds voljksa ij u;s 'kkldksa us viuk fu;a=k.k cuk;s
j[kk FkkA dqy feykdj] vkt+knh vius okLrfod vFkZ ls HkVdus yxh FkhA vkt+kn Hkkjr ds bl ladV
dks rRdkyhu lkfgR; us cgqr f'kír ds lkFk mBk;k gS] bls lkfgR; dk lkekU; ikBd Hkh tkurk
gSA t'u ;k mRlo dh pdkpkSaèk esa u cgrs gq, jk"Vª fuekZ.k ds var£ojksèkksa dks ftu yksxksa us viuh
ok.kh nh] muesa 'kSysanz Hkh gSaA varj ysfdu ;g gS fd lkfgR; esa tgka jpukdkj vkSj ikBd ds chp
l`ftr 'kCn Fks] ogha 'kSysanz vkSj muds Jksrkvksa ds chp 'kCn ds vykok fiDpjkbts+'ku] laxhr vkSj
uk;d&ukf;dkvksa dk vfHku; vkSj vnk,a Hkh FkhaA fQj Hkh 'kSysanz us bu ekè;eksa dk eqd+kcyk djrs
gq, xhr fy[ksA blfy, muds xhrksa dh grk'kk esa vkt+kn Hkkjr ds ml tkx:d rcds+ dh grk'kk
Hkh yf{kr dh tk ldrh gS tks rRdkyhu Hkkjr ds fodkl dh fn'kk dks ysdj d+rbZ izlUu ugha FkkA
ukSdjh ¼1955½ esa 'kSysanz dk ,d xhr gS%

NksVh lh ukSdjh dk rycxkj gwa eSa
rqe ls dqN vkSj tks ekaxw rks xqugxkj gwa eSa
,d lkS vkBoha vjt+h esjs vjekuksa dh

dj yks eatwj fd csdkjh ls cst+kj gwa eSa

400 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

;g xhr 'kSysanz us ch- ,- ikl O;fDr dh csjkst+xkjh dks y{; djrs gq, fy[kkA blesa izR;{k rjhd+s

ls 'kklu dh vkykspuk gSA iwathoknh ekWMy ds tks var£ojksèk Fks] mUgsa 'kSysanz ds xhrksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk
gS] Bhd eqfDrcksèk vkSj ijlkbZ dh jpukvksa dh gh rjgA bl xhr esa tks cspSuh vkSj NViVkgV gS]
og y;dkjh] fd'kksj dqekj dh xk;dh vkSj vfHku; ds dkj.k FkksM+k de gks tkrh gS] cfYd dguk

pkfg, fd ,d dk#f.kd gkL; iSnk djrh gSA ysfdu vU; ekè;eksa dks njfdukj djrs gq, tc xhr
ds ikB ls xqt+jrs gSa] rc 'kSysanz dh 'kfDr dk irk pyrk gSA yksdfiz;rk ds 'kh"kZ ij igaqpus ds ckotwn
'kyS nas z us fy[kk] ^cds kjh ls cts +kj gaw e*aS bls gh dgrs gfµaS ny viuk vkjS ifz r ijk;hA ijk;s nnZ dks

viuk nnZ cukus dh vn~Hkqr d+kfcfy;r 'kSysanz ds ikl FkhA vkSj mUgsa ;d+hu Hkh Fkk fd fny ds gky
dks dksbZ fnyokyk t+:j lqusxk!

'kSysanz ds xhrksa esa vk'kadkvksa dh tks fu£efr;ka gSa] mudk O;kid lkekftd Q+yd gSA O;fDrxr

nq[k dSls ifjos'kxr vk'kadkvksa esa rCnhy gks tkrk gS] bls muds xhrksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA izxfr'khy
lkfgR; dh oSpkfjdh Hkh ;gh FkhA fny viuk vkSj izhr ijk;h ds yksdfiz; xhr ^vthc nkLrka gS ;s*
dh bu iafDr;ksa dks ns[ksa%

;s jkS'kuh ds lkFk D;ksa èkqvka mBk fpjkx+ ls

;s [+okc ns[krh gwa eSa ;k tx iM+h gwa [+okc ls

jkS'kuh ds lkFk fpjkx+ ls èkqvka Hkh mB jgk Fkk! ;g og èkqvka Fkk ftls ,d vFkZ esa ge fuekZ.koknh
LoIu ds ihNs dk Øwjre ;FkkFkZ dg ldrs gSaA bl ;FkkFkZ dks 'kSysanz us dbZ&dbZ rjhds+ ls idM+k gSA

dguk gksxk fd 'kSysanz euq"; ds ijkHko dks ft+n dh rjg vius xhrksa eas mdsjrs gSa] rkfd lekt [+kqn
viuh ijkt; dks ns[k lds] eglwl dj ldsA blfy, muds xhrksa esa uk;d vFkok ukf;dk dk nq[k
futh nq[k ugha yxrkA lkfgR;'kkL=k esa bls gh lkèkkj.khdj.k dgk x;k gSA

izse] 'kjkjr] cpiu] _rq,a] R;ksgkj] mRlo] fujk'kk] volkn] fojg] iz.k] iyk;u] bu reke
flpq,'kUl ij 'kSysanz us xhr fy[ksA xks thou ds gj i{k vkSj gj jax ij muds xhr fey tk;saxsA
ysfdu mnklh vkSj vdsysiu ij tks xhr fy[ks gSa] muesa le; lcls T;knk ekStwa gSA 'kSysanz ds ,sls

xhr la[;k esa cgqr vfèkd gSa blfy, dsoy mnkgj.k ds fy, dqN xhr ns[ksa%
feV~Vh ls [ksyrs gks ckj&ckj fdlfy,
VwVs gq, f[kykSuksa ls I;kj fdlfy,

cuk ds ft+anxfu;ka fcxkM+us ls D;k feyk
esjh mEehn dk tgka mtkM+us ls D;k feyk

t+ehu xS+j gks x;h ;s vkleka cny x;s
gok ds #[k+ cny x;s gjsd Qwy ty x;k

;k fQj% ctrs gSa vc ;s lkt+ksa ds rkj fdlfy,

nks pedrh vka[kksa esa dy [+okc lqugjk Fkk ftruk

gk; ft+anxh rsjh jkg esa vkt vaèksjk gS mruk

,sls xhrksa dh tks [+kkl ckr gS] og ;g fd 'kSysanz us dgkuh dh ekax ds eqrkfcd+ xhrksa ds eq[kM+s fy[ks

vkSj Hkhrj viuh oSpkfjdh dks izeq[krk nhA muds xhrksa dh tks lcls cM+h [k+kfl;r eq>s yxrh gS]

og gS thou dh isphnfx;ksa dks lgt 'kCnksa eusa ;Ok;DirFk dj tnsuus odjhh&tmwuud¼hlb;PqaDNrkAkdi½%zxf2r0o1k2nh @d4fo0r1k

v

esa tks lgtrk Fkh] ogh 'kSysanz ds xhrksa esa Hkh gSA blds ihNs mudk fcuk fepZ&elkyk yxk;s lhèkh
ckr dgus dk gh iz.k FkkA Jh 420 ds bl xhr dks Hkys eqds'k us xk;k gks vkSj jktdiwj us viuh
vnk;xh ls ltk;k gks] ysfdu fopkj 'kSysanz ds gh Hkhrj tUes FksA ;g fopkj dh gh rkd+r gS tks muls
fy[kokrh gS%

x+e ls vHkh vkt+kn ugha gwa
[+kq'k gaw exj vkckn ugha gwa
eaft+y esjs ikl [kM+h gS
ikao esa ysfdu csM+h iM+h gS
Vkax vM+krk gS nkSyrokyk
lQyrk ds 'kh"kZ ij igqapus ds ckotwn 'kSysanz vdsysiu dh =kklnh vkSj [k+kfjt dj fn;s tkus ds Hkko
dks ckj&ckj vius xhrksa esa O;Dr djrs gSaA tc os fy[krs gSa fd ^bu cgkjksa ls D;k Q+k;nk] ftlesa
fny dh dyh ty x;h* ;k fQj ^vaèks tgka ds vaèks jkLrs] tk;sa rks tk;sa dgka* rks tSls lkjh nqfu;k
ij lokfy;k fu'kku yxkrs gSaA 'kSysanz ds xhrksa esa O;Dr vdsykiu dsoy dgkuh dh ekax ugha gS cfYd
mldk ,d cM+k lkekftd&jktuhfrd ifjizs{; gSA fQ+Yeksa ls vyx ,d rjQ+ os ,sls la?k"kZ ds xhr
fy[krs gaS ftUgas oke lxa Bu ds etn+ jw xkrs g]aS ^gj tk+ js tYq’ e dh VDdj eas - - -*] ;k ^rw ftn+a k gS
rks ft+anxh dh thr ij ;d+hu dj - - -* ,sls gh xhr gSaA nwljh rjQ+ os ;g Hkh fy[krs gSa fd ^gSa
lc ls eèkqj oks xhr ftUgsa ge nnZ ds lqj esa xkrs gSaA* rks D;k os fQ+Yeksa ds xhr nnZ ds lqj esa fy[k
jgs Fks\ ,dckjxh blls budkj Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lq[k vkSj nq[k] t'u vkSj vdsykiu] ft+anxh
vkSj ekSr dk tks }Sr muds xhrksa esa gS] og dsoy nk'kZfudrk ;k lLrh Hkkoqdrk Hkj ugha gSA blds
ihNs dgha u dgha nfyr thou dh os =kklfn;ka Hkh jgh gksaxh tks vkt+kn Hkkjr eas Hkh ekStwn FkhaA liuksa
dk csuwj gksuk] thou lQ+j dk vaèkk gksuk] flrkjksa ls Vdjkdj vkokt+ksa dk ykSV vkuk] fnu dk <y
tkuk vkSj jkr dk u tkuk] gjsd Qwy dk ty tkuk] dksey ia[kksa ds lkFk lkxj ikj tkus dh bPNk]
;s dsoy 'kSysanz ds xhrksa ds eqgkojs ugha gSaA mudk futh nq[k gh ekuks buesa mrj vk;k gSA blhfy,
os fy[k lds%
thus dh pkgr ugha] ej ds Hkh jkgr ugha
bl ikj vkalw] ml ikj vkgsa] fny esjk cstqcka
gedks u dksbZ cqyk;s] u dksbZ iydsa fcNk;s
,s x+e ds ekjks] eaft+y ogha gS] ne ;s VwVs tgka
rks D;k 'kSysanz dsoy fujk'kk vkSj nq[k ds ekè;e ls gh le; dk fØVhd jpus okys xhrdkj gSa\ 'kSysanz
ds xhrksa dh fofoèkrk dks ns[krs gq, ;g dguk ,d rjg ls T+;knrh gksxhA Åij bldk ft+Ø Hkh gqvk
gS fd mUgksaus thou ds gjsd jax dks vius xhrksa esa mdsjkA mu lcdk ft+Ø ;gka eqefdu ugha gSA
ysfdu ,d vksj tgka os =kklnh jprs gSa] ogha nwljh vksj vts;&vnksfyr iz.k Hkh muds xhrksa esa mHkjrk
gSA le; dh vkykspuk ds lekukarj os ,d ,sls thou vkSj lekt dk vkn'kZ Hkh j[krs gSa tgka >wB]
volkn] ykpkjh] csclh] x+jhch vkSj vlekurk u gksA ,slk thou vkSj lekt gksf'k;kjh vkSj

nqfu;knkjh ls ugha curkA vukM+h ¼1949½ ds fy, tc mUgksaus fy[kk%

402 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

lc dqN lh[kk geus] u lh[kh gksf'k;kjh
Vs<+h Vs<+h gels fQjs lkjh nqfu;k
I;kj dk lkSnk djs lkjh nqfu;k
eqag esa jke cx+y esa Nqjh gS
ckr ;s ns[kks fdruh cqjh gS
D;ksa gels Ny djs lkjh nqfu;k

yfs du rhljh d+le esa rks thou ds izfr viuh i{kèkjrk dks tSls mUgksaus iwjk dk iwjk j[k fn;kA ;gka
thou Jfed oxZ ds NksVs&eksVs fopyuksa ds lkFk&lkFk mlds ml vts; thoV dks n'kkZrk gS ftl ij
laHkzkar oxZ us dsoy viuk vfèkdkj ?kksf"kr dj j[kk FkkA 'kSysanz] tks ekDlZ ds gokys ls etwj] fdlku]
voke] ns'k vkSj tgku dh t; dks r; ekurs Fks] mls gh #igys ijns ij fn[kk;kA os ;g Hkh tkurs
Fks fd blds fy, rks vius gh nq[kksa dks rkd+r dh rjg bLrseky djuk iM+rk gS%

fny esjk rq>ls cksys] vkalw cuk ys 'kksys
mEehn dh fdj.kksa ls ;s fny dk nkx+ èkks ys
'kSysanz ds thou dk vkn'kZ muds gh xhrksa esa ckj&ckj >ydrk gSA vkalw vkSj 'kksys] va/ksjk] volkn]
grk'kk] mEehn] jkseku] ft+ankfnyh vkSj lc [kks nsus dh gn rd lgtrk ds chp mudh ;s iafDr;ka
tSls vius fy, gh fy[kh x;h Fkha%
fdlh dh eqLdjkgVksa is gks fulkj
fdlh dk nnZ fey lds rks ys mèkkj
fdlh ds okLrs gks rsjs fny esa I;kj
thuk blh dk uke gSA

Qksu ua% 9850313062

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 403

t+ksgjk lgxy

27 vizSy 2012 ds fnu t+ksgjk lgxy 100 o"kZ dh gks x;h gSaA muls tqcSj jt+ch us cgqr igys ,d
baVjO;w fy;k Fkk tks ^ts+gus tnhn* esa izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA nwljk baVjO;w 'kElqy bLyke us fy;k Fkk tks
20 o"kZ igys izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA ;s nksuksa baVjO;w mudh 'kf[+l;r ds tqnk&tqnk iM+koksa ds Le`frfp=k
izLrqr djrs gSaA&&la-

lk{kkRdkj&1

tqcSj jt+ch

loky% fFk;sVj vkSj u`R; ls vkids 'kkSd+ dh ftl rjg 'kq#vkr gqbZ] mldk dqN gky crk;saA
tokc% eSa 27 vizSy 1912 dks lgkjuiqj ¼;w-ih-½ esa iSnk gqbZA esjs okfyn fMIVh dyDVj FksA mudk
uke eksgEEn eqErktqy glu [+kka FkkA ge lkr HkkbZ cgu Fks] ikap cgusa vkSj nks HkkbZA lcls cM+s esjs
HkkbZ Fks vkSj mlds ckn esjh cM+h cgusa gktjk csxe ¼dE;qfuLV yhMj MkDVj ts+M+- ,- vgen dh thou
lkFkh½A vkSj fQj rhljk uacj esjk FkkA esjs ckn mt+jk gSa tks esjs lkFk mn;'kadj xqzi esa FkhaA fQj i`Foh
fFk;sVj ls tqM+ x;h rks ge nksuksa cguksa dk 'kkSd+ fFk;sVj vkSj u`R; dk FkkA vkeuk vkSj lkcjk us nwljs
{ks=kksa esa fnypLih yhA lkcjk us fQ+ft+dy dYpj eas fons'k ls fMxzh yh Fkh vkSj og ykgkSj esa gSa vkSj
;s nksuksa fQ+ft+dy dkyst+ksa dh ¯izfliy FkhaA vc fjVk;j gks x;h gSaA ge lc cguksa us fdlh u fdlh
eSnku esa uke gkfly fd;k gSA
loky% ftl t+ekus dk vki ft+Ø dj jgh gSa] ml t+ekus ds eqfLye ekgkSy esa fFk;sVj ;k u`R;
dh rkyhe yM+fd;ksa ds fy, 'kk;n [+kklh nq'okj FkhA vkidks fdu pht+ksa dk lkeuk djuk
iM+k\
tokc% gka] og t+ekuk rks cgqr l[+rh dk Fkk exj gekjk ?kjkuk jbZlkuk j[kj[kko dk fgek;rh FkkA
dgk tkrk gS fd gekjs iow tZ kas eas vCnjq 'Z khn dl’aS ,d ukeh cTq k+ x+q Z Fks ftUgkuas s gtj+ r egq Een lkgc
dh eksgCcr dh otg ls bLyke o+$qcwy dj fy;k vkSj vQ+x+kfuLrku vk x;sA bUgha dk [+kkunku 1671
esa fganqLrku dh ljgnksa esa nkf[+ky gqvk ftldk ml nkSj ds eqx+y ckn'kkg us Lokxr fd;k vkSj tk;nkn
ls uokt+kA rks ge jksfgYys iBku gSaA jkeiqj gekjk igyk iM+ko FkkA uthckckn ls Hkh gekjs cqT+kqxks±
dk rvYyqd+ jgk gSA jkeiqj ds ?kjkuksa dh lwjrsgky ;g Fkh fd ogka de mez yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh r;
gks tkrh Fkh vkSj ckfyx+ gksrs gh nkyku esa Mksyh vkdj [kM+h gks tkrh FkhA gekjh okynk] ftudk uke
ukrd+k csxe Fkk] i<+hfy[kh vkSj vPNs [k+;kyksa dh FkhaA os vius t+ekus dh if=kdkvksa esa Hkh fy[kk djrh
FkhaA muesa viuh yM+fd;ksa dks rkyhe fnykus dh t+cjnLr [+okfg'k FkhA vki vankt+ dhft, fd
mUgksaus eq>s vkSj gktjk vkik dks ml t+ekus esa ykgkSj ds Dohu esjh esa i<+us ds fy, Hkstk Fkk vkSj
ml t+ekus esa jkeiqj ls ykgkSj tkuk dkys dkslksa tkus ds cjkcj FkkA ogka lkjk LVkQ+ vaxzst+ FkkA ;g
1918 dk t+ekuk FkkA pwafd gekjs [+kkunku ds fj'rs eysj dksVyk] yksgk: ds uokch [+kkunkuksa ls Fks]
blfy, xqeku ;g gS fd gekjh okynk us Dohu esjh dh felkyh i<+kbZ dk gky vius d+jhch yksxksa
404 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ls lquk gks ftudh yM+fd;ka ogka i<+ jgh gksaxhA ykgkSj ds ml Ldwy esa T+;knkrj eqfLye jbZl ?kjkuksa
dh ijnku'kha yM+fd;ka i<+rh FkhaA ge gkWLVy esa nkf[k+y gq, rks ml t+ekus esa ge dqrkZ ik;tkek ¼rax
eksjh dk½ iguk djrs FksA tcfd iatkch yM+fd;ka 'kyokj vkSj d+eht+ iguk djrh Fkha vkSj gekjs iktkes
gkFk esa ysdj et+kd+ esa ,d nwljs ls dgrh Fkha] ^voh ns[k nks ukyh canwd+*A eSa ml t+ekus esa [+kklh
et+gch Fkh vkSj uekt+ jksts+ dh ikcan FkhA Ldwy ds ekgkSy esa vaxzst+ mLrkfu;ksa dh ljijLrh feyh
vkSj mUgha us ,¯DVx vkSj u`R; ds fy, esjh gkSlyk&vQ+t+kbZ dhA mlh t+ekus esa eSaus viuh ,d Vhpj
ls lquk fd ;g yM+dh yanu esa gksrh rks fFk;sVj djds g¶+rs eas 4 ikmaM rks dek ldrh FkhA ml oD+r
eq>s vankt+k gh ugha Fkk fd ;g fdruh jd+e gksrh gSA exj ml oD+r ls yanu tkus dh [+okfg'k esjs
fny esa ?kj djds cSB x;hA uekt+ksa ds bl rwQ+kuh nkSj esa vYYkkg ls cl ;gh nqvk ekaxrh Fkh fd
;k vYykg] rw eq>s foyk;r Hkst nsA eSa gkbZLdwy ikl dj pqdh rks eSaus vius vCCkk tku dks fy[kk
fd eSa 'kknh ugha d:axh] eSa rks ikbyV cuwaxh ysfdu ;g bjknk eSaus NksM+ fn;k vkSj fQj esjs fny esa
,DVªsl cuus dh [+okfg'k tkxh vkSj bldh fgEer& vQ+t+kbZ dh esjs ekew us ftUgksaus viuh fudkg
dh vaxwBh cspdj foyk;r dk fVdV [+kjhnk Fkk vkSj ,fMucjk esa ltZu cu x;s FksA esjs ekew dh
rjg esjs ukuk ds HkkbZ tujy vt+heqíhu [+kka fj;klr esa vkehZ phQ+ Fks ftUgksaus uokc gkfen [+kka dk
usr`Ro fd;k] ftUgsa fQj mUgha ds b'kkjs ij lkft+'k djus okyksa ds gkFkksa xksyh ekj nh x;h FkhA og
ml oD+r 37 cjl ds ,d toku ;ksðk FksA eSa tc jkeiqj okil vk;h rks eSaus viuh [+okfg'k dk
fQj bt+gkj fd;k vkSj rc esjs ekew us esjh t+cjnLr fgek;r dhA mudk uke lkgct+knk lbZnqT+t+Q+j
FkkA og Hkh foyk;r tkus okys Fks exj og t+ehuh jkLrs tk jgs FksA eSaus vius vCck tku ls dgk
fd eSa ekew ds lkFk foyk;r tkÅaxh vkSj ekew ds ;d+hu fnykus ij eSa muds lkFk dj nh x;h vkSj
;wa ge ykgkSj ls vQ+x+kfuLrku] bZjku] bjkd+ gksrs gq, feò pkj ekg esa igqapsA cM+h vthc lwjrksa ls
gekjk lkeuk gqvk FkkA eq>s ;kn gS fd ;g vDVwcj 1930 dk t+ekuk FkkA ge foyk;r ds lQ+j
ij twu esa fudys Fks vkSj vDVwcj esa ge fd+ykr ds bykds+ esa igaqps tgka eq>s vx+ok djus dh dksf'k'k
Hkh dh x;hA fd+ykr ml oD+r fczfV'k bafM;k dk bykd+k Fkk vkSj ogka ,d ukStoku] tks d+chys ds
ljnkj dk csVk Fkk] ljgn rd gekjk ihNk djrk jgk vkSj ekew tku eq>s fgEer djds fczfV'k bafM;k
dh ljgnh lhek ls ckgj ys vk;s FksA

tc ge feò esa Fks rks gekjs ekew ds lkgct+kns egewn vkSj mudh ,d vaxzst+ nksLr Hkh gels
feyus ogka vk x;s Fks vkSj ogha egewn us eq>s e'kojk fn;k Fkk fd eSa ,DVªsl ds ctk; u`R;kaxuk cu
tkÅa rks vPNk gS] D;ksafd eq>s y;dkjh dh vPNh le> FkhA ml t+ekus esa bt+kMksjk Madu dk cgqr
uke FkkA mlus tks u;h u`R;'kSyh bZtkn dh Fkh vkSj d+neksa dh ftl pyr fQjr dk fjokt pyk;k
Fkk] mlls esa [+kklh izHkkfor gqbZ Fkh vkSj ;aw eSaus rhljh ckj vius dSfj;j esa rCnhyh dhA ekew tku
feò esa jg x;s vkSj eSa egewn vkSj mudh vaxzst+ nksLr ds lkFk yanu vk x;hA exj ;gka u`R; ds
fy, dksbZ vPNk Ldwy u FkkA blfy, eSaus teZuh dks viuh eaft+y cuk;k vkSj lk<+s rhu lky eSaus
u`R; ds vyx rjhds+ ;gha lh[ks vkSj cPpksa dks u`R; fl[kykus dk fMIyksek Hkh gkfly fd;kA oSls ;g
ckr Hkh fnypLi gS fd geus ftl rjg ds jbZlkuk ekgkSy esa ijns dh ikcafn;ksa ds lkFk ft+Unxh ds
'kq#vkrh fnu xqt+kjs Fks mlesa u`R; lh[kus dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha FkhA flok; blds fd og tks 'kknh
fookg esa eqtjs ox+Sjg gksrs Fks ;k yM+fd;ka ,sls ekSd+ksa ij fFkjd fy;k djrh Fkha] cl ogh esjh Le`fr;ksa

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 405

dk fgLlk FkkA rks teuZ h eas og lc èkèaq kys èkèaq kys Hkkjrh; ykds uR` ; dh Lef` r dke vk;hA ;g lu~ 1931

dk t+ekuk Fkk vkSj mn;'kadj mlh t+ekus esa teZuh vk;s FksA muds 'kks esa cqykos ds ckotwn ugha tkus
dk eMw cuk] D;kfas d viuh [k+ kunkuh i"` BHkfw e ds ,rckj ls e>q eas x:q’ j vkjS ?keMa Hkh FkkA yfs du fQj
dqN lkFkh teZu vkSjrksa ds dgus ij eSa mn;'kadj dk u`R; ns[kus x;h vkS og eq>s dqN T+;knk vPNs ugha

yxsA u enZ u vkSjrA cl mudh Ý+kalhlh f'k";k vPNh yxh FkhA uhyh vka[kksa okyh [+kwclwjr lhA
mn;'kadj dk Lusd pkeZokyk u`R; ilan vk;k FkkA D;ksafd og vius dkLV~;we ds fglkc ls Hkh ;wih
okyk FkkA 'kks ds ckn ge mn;'kadj ls feys rks mUgksaus [+kqn gh u`R; esa esjh fnypLih dks ljkgrs gq,

dgk fd og esjh tSlh i<+h fy[kh vkSj vPNs ?kjkus dh yM+fd;ksa dh ryk'k esa gSaA vxj eSa pkgwa rks muds
xzqi ls tqM+ ldrh gwaA bl rjg ¯gnqLrku vkdj ykgkSj ds Dohu esjh esa i<+k;k vkSj mudk xqzi Tokbu
fd;kA 4 vxLr 1935 dks dydÙkk ds U;w ,Eik;j fFk;sVj esa igyk is'ksojkuk u`R; mn;'kadj ds lkFk

is'k fd;kA
loky% mn;'kadj xzqi ls vius tqM+ko dk dksbZ fnypLi igyw\
tokc% mn;'kadj xqzi ls tqM+ko dk okd+;k cM+k vthc FkkA ge yksx jkeiqj esa Fks tc mudk rkj
feyk fd D;k rqe 12 fnu ds vanj xqzi Tokbu dj ldrh gksA eSaus Mjrs&Mjrs ;g ckr vCck tku
dks crk;hA mUgksaus vk;k gqvk rkj eksM+dj tsc esa j[k fy;k vkSj lksprs gq, vius dejs esa pys x;sA
ge lc cgusa lgeh vkSj Mjh gqbZ Fkha fd ns[ksa vCck tku D;k Q+Slyk djrs gSaA ianzg feuV ds ckn

vCck tku dejs ls ckgj fudys rks muds gkFk esa jsyos VkbZe Vscy Fkk vkSj os cksys t+ksgjk] rqe ;gka
ls cl ysdj ySalMkmu tkvks vkSj ogka ls rqe gkoM+k ds fy, Vªsu idM+ ldrh gksA vki vankt+k dhft,
fd ,d cki us bu ianzg feuVksa esa D;k lkspk gksxkA Hkkoukvksa ds dSls mrkj p<+ko vk;s gksaxsA exj

mUgksaus oD+r vkSj gkykr dh ut+kdr vkSj oD+r dh raxh dk ,glkl djrs gq, ,d csgn veyh cki
ds :i esa ml ,glkl dks >Vd fn;k fd muds [+kkunku dh csVh ,d fgUnw u`R;dehZ ds xzqi esa
txg&txg ukpsxhA mUgsa ;g Hkh ekywe Fkk fd eSa csgn ft+íh gwa vkSj og esjs yanu tkus dh fiNyh

dksf'k'kksa ls okfd+Q+ FksA blfy, mUgksaus vius lkjs tT+ckr ij d+kcw ikrs gq, cM+s 'kkSd+ ls eq>s ml
jkLrs ij tkus dh btkt+r ns nh tks esjh eaft+y dh rjQ+ tkrk FkkA esjs 'kkSd+ dks iwjk djus dh [+kkfrj
;g mudh viuh jok;r ls fdruh cM+h cx+kor FkhA vc mèkj eSa dydÙkk igaqph rks eq>s ekywe gqvk

fd eq>s X;kjg fnuksa esa ckjg u`R; lh[kus gSaA ;g eaft+y Hkh eaSus mn;'kadj dh Ý+kalhlh f'k";k dh
enn ls r; dj yh FkhA ;wjksi ds nkSjs esa mn;'kadj ds lkFk mLrkn vykmíhu [k+ka Hkh Fks vkSj NksVs
HkkbZ jfo'kadj Hkh tks ckn esa laxhr dh rjQ+ pys x;s FksA ;wjksi ds vykok eSaus ,f'k;k vkSj ¯gnqLrku

ds eq[+rfyQ+ bykd+ksa] 'kgjksa esa muds lkFk u`R; ds izn'kZu fd;sA 1938 esa mUgksaus viuk ,d Ldwy
cukus dk bjknk fd;k D;ksafd og pkgrs Fks fd mUgksaus u`R; dh tks 'kSfy;ka bZtkn dh gSa mudk
flyflyk vkxs c<+sA rks mUgksaus vyeksM+k tkdj og Ldwy [kksykA eSa bl flyflys esa mudk nk;ka

gkFk FkhA eSaus mudk dkslZ pkj lky dk cuk;k] D;ksafd eSa teZuh esa bl rjg dh Vªs¯ux gkfly dj
pdq h FkhA mn;'kda j vius lt` u'khy uR` ;kas dh Vsª ¯ux [k+ nq gh nrs s FkAs ,d mudk ikz xs kz e Fkk
baizksokbts'ku (Improvisetion) dk tks lqcg gh gksrk Fkk vkSj gkFkh dh [kky ls cus ,d uxkM+s ds

lkFk gksrk FkkA og ml ij pksV ekjdj rky nsrs Fks vkSj lc yksx mudh fuxjkuh esa u`R; djrs jgrs
FksA ;g e'd Fkk tks og [+kqn djkrs Fks ;k fQj og esjs lqiqnZ dj fn;k djrs FksA ,d ckj eSa Dykl

406 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ysus esa exu FkhA vc tc Dykl [+kRe gqbZ rks eSaus ns[kk fd dgha nwj vaèksjs esa mn;'kadj Hkh cSBs FksA eSa
gSjku jg x;hA vki vkSj esjh Dykl esa cSBs FksA cksys] t+ksgjk eSaus rqels dkQ+h dqN lh[kk gSA ;g mudk
cM+Iiu FkkA njvly] mudh crkSj mLrkn dksbZ Vªs¯ux u Fkh tcfd eSa rkyhe esa teZuh ls fMEyksek
gkfly fd;s gqbZ FkhA ckn esa mUgksaus jktuhfrd fo"k;ksa ij tks cSys cuk;s] muesa Hkh og esjh lykg dks
vgfe;r nsrs FksA muds xqzi eas jgdj eSaus dbZ u`R; dEikst+ fd;s vkSj lksyks Hkh fd;sA
loky% u`R; dh dksbZ ,d dEikst+h'ku tks ;knksa esa ntZ gks x;h gks\
tokc% ,d ckj ,slk gqvk fd mn;'kadj dh fnlEcj esa lkyfxjg gksus okyh FkhA esjh cgusa gktjk]
mt+jk vkSj vkeuk esjs ikl Fkha vyeksM+k esaA geus ns[kk fd dqN vkSjrsa ?kkl ds xV~Bs ljksa ij j[ks uhps
mrj jgh FkhaA muds ihNs dej ij lHkh dk iYyw dlk gqvk Fkk vkSj njkarh muesa Qalh FkhA mudh
pky vkSj dwYgksa esa x+t+c dh y; FkhA eSaus mudks ,d lkFk pyrs gq, ns[kk rks eq>s [+;ky vk;k fd
bl ij rks cM+k tkunkj u`R; cu ldrk gSA rks bl rjg ^xzkl dVj* uked ,d Mkal eSaus mn;'kadj
dh lkyfxjg ds ekSd+s ij is'k djus ds fy, dEikst+ fd;k FkkA mlesa vkik gktjk us <ksyd ctk;h
FkhA vkSj ge rhuksa cguksa us lkFk feydj u`R; fd;k FkkA ;g u`R; cgqr ilan fd;k x;k FkkA cjlksa
ckn eSaus dqekÅa ds eksgu mizsrh ds xqzi dks ekewyh gsjQsj ls ogh u`R; djrs gq, ns[kk FkkA
loky% t+ksgjk eqerkt+ ls t+ksgjk lgxy cuus dh dgkuh D;k gS\
tokc% eSa ml t+ekus esa t+ksgjk eqerkt+ ds uke ls tkuh tkrh FkhA mlh t+ekus esa ,d csgn [+kwclwjr
fp=kdkj ls mn;'kadj Ldwy esa lkeuk gqvk vkSj eq>s mldh ,d isa¯Vx csgn ilan vk;h FkhA eSa cgqr
[+kwclwjr rks u Fkh] exj cnlwjr Hkh u FkhA esjh vka[ksa NksVh gSaA yxrk gS tSls eSa P;kax dkbZ 'ksd ds
[+kkunku ls gwaA rks eq>s ml ukStoku ls mldh isa¯Vx dh otg ls eksgCcr gks x;hA mldk uke lgxy
FkkA gekjk jksekal nks lky pyrk jgkA fQj lgxy dgus yxk fd ge 'kknh dj ysa] rks eSaus dgk
fd ;g dSls gks ldrk gSA rqe mez esa eq>ls NksVs gks vkSj fQj ¯gnw eqfLye dk ekeyk Hkh chp esa
vk tk;sxkA ysfdu fQj dqN vlsZ ckn ;g csy eqaMsj p<+ x;h vkSj gekjh 'kknh gks x;hA fQj geus
mn;'kadj ls btkt+r ysdj ykgkSj esa viuk Ldwy [kksy fy;k vkSj mldk uke Zuresh j[kkA njvly
;g esjs uke t+ksgjk vkSj esjs 'kkSgj dkes'oj lgxy ds ukeksa ls feydj cuk FkkA dqN yksxksa us bl
ckr dks ljkgk] exj fQj ikfdLrku otwn esa vkus yxk FkkA ml t+ekus esa esjh cgu mt+jk i`Foh
fFk;sVj ls tqM+h gqbZ FkhaA mUgksaus eq>s fy[kk fd ge eqacbZ vk tk;sa] vkSj ogka fQ+Yeksa esa fd+Ler vktek;saA
rks ge eqacbZ vk x;sA exj eq>s tks u`R; ds n`'; fn[kk;h iM+s] os cM+s lrgh vkSj fQ+t+wy ls FksA esjk
th ugha yxkA fQj i`Foh fFk;sVj tkuk gqvk rks ogka lsV oxS+jg eq>s vPNs ugha yxsA exj 'kdaqryk
esa mt+jk dk jksy eq>s vPNk yxk FkkA mlds ckn ^nhokj* uke ds Mªkes esa tks fganw&eqfLye ds njE;ku
vaxzst+ksa ds QwV Mkyks ds jksy ij Fkk mlesa eq>s oSEi dk jksy feykA exj ;g jksy eq>s dkQ+h tíkstgn
ds ckn feyk D;ksafd i`Fohjkt dks eq>s jksy nsus esa lkspuk iM+kA mUgksaus igys vDVwcj 1945 esa eq>s
Mkal MkbjsDVj j[kk FkkA eSa pkSng cjl rd i`Foh fFk;sVj esa jgh vkSj ne;arh lkguh ds i`Foh fFk;sVj
dks NksM+us ds ckn esu jksy eSa gh djus yxh FkhA

;gka eq>s viuh lkl dh ckr ;kn vk x;hA og i<+hfy[kh u Fkha vkSj csgn ¯gnqLrkuh fet+kt
j[krh FkhaA eqlyekuksa ds ckjs esa mudh jk; vPNh u FkhA tc esjs llqj us mUgsa crk;k fd mudk
csVk ,d eqfLye yM+dh ls vkSj og Hkh tks Mkalj gS] 'kknh dj jgk gS rks mUgksaus FkksM+s ls fojksèk ds

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 407

ckn vius csVs dh [+kq'kh dks viuh [+kq'kh dgrs gq, e>s viukus dh gkeh Hkj yh FkhA vkSj tc eSa igyh
ckj muls feyh rks mUgksaus [+kqn esjs fy, rkt+k [kkuk Fkkyh esa ijkslk FkkA

,d vkSj okd+;k ;kn vk;k fd mUgkasus LVst ij esjk oSEi okyk jksy ns[kk ftlesa eSa flxjsV Hkh ihrh
gaw] vaxzst+h fyckl igurh gwa vkSj nksuksa Hkkb;ksa ls ¶+yVZ djrh gwaA Mªkes ds ckn tc eSaus ?kj igqapdj muls
vius fdjnkj ds ckjs esa iwNk rks cksyha cgw rw gt+kj dh egfQ+y eas uaxh gh D;ksa u gks eSa rsjh ut+j
igpkurh gwaA t+jk vankt+ rks dhft;s fd ;g tqeyk eSaus ,d ,slh ¯gnw vkSjr dh t+cku ls lquk tks

fcYdqy vui<+ FkhA

loky% vkids nksckjk yanu tkus dh otg D;k Fkh\
tokc% tc esjs 'kkSgj dk bard+ky gks x;k rks eSa fnYyh pyh vk;h vkSj ;gka deyk nsoh pV~Vksikè;k;
us eq>s vdkneh esa j[k fy;kA ysfdu esjs cguksbZ t+sM , vgen us t+ksj fn;k fd eSa foyk;r pyh
tkÅa rkfd ogka dh el:fQ+;r esjs x+e dks gYdk dj ldsA rks eSaus ,d NksVk lk dkslZ fd;k vkSj
eq>s LVkj l£VfQ+dsV feyk tks vydkt+h vkSj 'kk;n gcho ruohj gh dks feyk gSA foyk;r eSa dqN
eghuksa ds fy, x;h Fkh ij ogka ij 25 cjl jg x;hA bl vlsZ esa cPps cM+s gks x;sA esjh yM+dh
fdju lgxy vkSj yM+dk iou lgxy gSA eSa fgUnqLrku bl [k+;ky ls vk x;h fd vius oru dh
fQ+t+kvksa esa vkf[+kjh lkal ys ldwaA ,d vkSj otg ;g Hkh Fkh fd tc eSa dqN fnuksa ds fy, yanu
ls fgUnqLrku vk;h Fkh rks lc yksx ;gh dgrs Fks] vjs t+ksgjk] ges'kk ds fy, vk tkvks] cgqr dke
gSA exj tc vk;h rks ;gka esjs fy, dke&èkke dqN Hkh u Fkk] tcfd yanu esa lc yksx esjs uke
vkSj dke ls cM+h vPNh rjg okfd+Q gks pqds Fks vkSj ogka lM+dksa ij jksddj yksx eq>s esjs LVst Mªkeksa
dh ;kn fnykrs FksA exj eSa vius oru esa vtuch FkhA fQj ,d fnu vydkt+h us eq>ls laidZ fd;k
vkSj crk;k fd og pkSng lky ckn ,u-,l-Mh- ds fy, rhu Mªkes dj jgs gSa vkSj eq>s yksdkZ ds Mªkes
^n gkÅl vkWQ+ czkaMk vYok* ds mnwZ :i ^fnu ds vaèksjs esa* esa esu jksy nsuk pkgrs gSaA eSaus [+kq'kh ls
eaT+kwj dj fy;kA eq>s fLØIV nsj ls feyk vkSj eSa iwjh rjg ml ij gkoh u gks ldh FkhA blfy, igys
fnu eSa [+kklh uoZl FkkA bl rjg igys fnu dh ,sfDVax ls eSa ek;wl Hkh gqbZ] exj fQj
vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk eSaus fLØIV ij dkcw ik fy;kA fQ+Yeksa ls esjk tqM+ko ^uhpk uxj* ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA
mlesa dkfeuh dkS'ky us jQ+hd+ vuoj ds lkFk dke fd;k FkkA esjk Hkh mlesa jksy FkkA T+;knkrj fQ+Yekas
esa eSaus Mkal MkbjsD'ku fn;k] tSls ukS nks X;kjg] ckt+h] lh-vkbZ-Mh- ;kn vk jgh gSA vHkh fiNys fnuksa
tc eSa ,d Vh-oh- lhfj;y dj jgh Fkh rks oghnk jgeku dk ,d I;kjk lk [+kr feyk Fkk ftlesa mlus
lh-vkbZ-Mh- esa esjs Mkal dh ;kn fnyk;h FkhA

loky% ¯gnqLrkuh fFk;sVj dh ekStwnk lwjrsgky ds ckjs esa vkidk D;k vkdyu gS\
tokc% eSa le>rh gaw fd lwjrsgky ek;wl djus okyh gSA flok nks rhu jsisVjh ds fFk;sVj i+$qy Vkbe
dke ugha gS] tcfd gj dyk] gj vkVZ pkgs og fFk;sVj gks ;k 'kk;jh] is¯Vx gks ;k laxhr] vkils iwjh
lkèkuk ekaxrh gSA mlesa iwjh rjg Mwcs cx+Sj dykRed ifjiDork gkfly ugha gksrhA vc ;g D;k
fQ+t+k vkSj ekgkSy gqvk fd lqcg vkidh el:fQ+;r dqN vkSj gS vkSj nksigj esa dqN vkSj] 'kke dks
vki fFk;sVj djus vk x;sA vk£VLV dks iwjh rjg ls vkSj dqyoD+rh vankt+ esa fFk;sVj ls tqM+us ds ekSd+s
ugha feyrs rks ;g vQ+lkslukd ckr gSA nwljh lwjrsgky gekjs vius fLØIV dh deh gSA ekuk fd

408 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ckgj ds Mªkeksa ls ge dkQ+h dqN lh[k ldrs gSa exj tc rd ge dPph jksVh ugha idk;saxs i`Foh fFk;sVj
dh rjg] rc rd gesa vPNs vkSj t+k;ds+nkj [kkuk cukus dk gquj vkSj Q+u dSls vk;sxk\

tqcSj jt+ch% 26983804
vuqokn % eks- t+Q+j bd+cky

eks- 9868584878

lk{kkRdkj&2
'kElqy bLyke

t+ksgjk izxfr'khy ukV~; vkanksyu dh LraHk jgh gSaA Lora=krk ls iwoZ ds ^bIVk* dh oks mikè;{k jg
pqdh gSaA og u`R; vkSj ukV~;deZ esa lkjh nqfu;k ?kweh gaSA Hkkjr dk dksbZ dksuk ,slk ugha gS] tgka
mUgksaus izLrqfr;ka u dh gksaA vydkt+h ds funsZ'ku esa yksdkZ ds ukVd ^fnu ds vaèksjs esa* esa eq[;
Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh Fkha] mu fnuksa 'kElqy bLyke ds lkFk mudh yach ckrphr gqbZ FkhA& la-

loky% jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; jaxeMy ds lkFk vkidk tqM+uk dSls laHko gqvk\ vkidks
jaxeaMy dSlk yxrk gS\

tokc% bl jaxeaMy ds lkFk tqM+us dh esjh cgqr iqjkuh [+okfg'k jgh gSA lkrosa n'kd esa tc bczkfge
vYdkt+h jk-uk-fo- ds funs'kd Fks] rc mUgksaus eq>s jaxeaMy dh eq[; vfHkus=kh ds rkSj ij HkrhZ djus
dksf'k'k dh Fkh ysfdu ml le; laHko ugha gqvk FkkA vHkh Hkh vYdkt+h ds t+ksj nsus ij vk;h gwaA
viuh bl iqjkuh [+okfg'k dks lj p<+rs ns[kus ds fy,A

eq>s jaxeaMy esa cgqr vPNk yx jgk gSA jaxeaMy lpeqp esa jaxd£e;ksa dh ,d is'ksojkuk tekr
gSA eSaus vHkh dqN yM+fd;ksa dk gh dke ns[kk gSA muds vfHku; dk tokc ugha gSA muesa ls dbZ cgqr
rjD+d+h djsaxhA
loky% gekjs ns'k esa ¯gnh@mnZw ukV~;deZ dh fLFkfr vkidks dSlh yxrh gS\
tokc% mÙkj Hkkjr tks ¯gnh&mnwZ ukVd dk ?kj gS] ogka fLFkfr dkQ+h rdyhQ+nsg gSA jk-uk-fo- ;k ,dkèk
vkSj txg dks NksM+dj bl iwjs bykds+ esa is'ksojkuk] lathnk vkSj fu;fer ukVd ugha gksrk gSA ¯gnh&mnwZ
okys viuh T+kqckuksa ls I;kj ds nkos djrs jgrs gSa ysfdu ukVd dh D;k] lkfgR; esa Hkh gkyr iryh
gSA nwljh rjQ+ ckaXyk] dUuM] ejkBh vkSj xqtjkrh Hkk"kkvksa esa jaxdeZ dh fLFkfr;ka cgqr vPNh gSaA
ogka is'ksoj ukV~;deZ dh ,d yach ijaijk gS] ogka ds yksx viuh T+kqckuksa dks cgqr I;kj djrs gSaA
lHkkxkj Hkjs jgrs gSaA vkSj fVdV f[kM+dh ij yach d+rkjsa jgrh gSaA eSa lpeqp ¯gnh&mnwZ fFk,Vj dh
nqfu;k ls ek;wl gwaA
loky% vkf[+kj og D;k pht gS tks vkidks jaxdeZ esa bruk lfØ; j[krh gS\
tokc% HkbZ] esjh rks ;gh ¯t+nxh gSA vfHku; esjh ¯t+nxh dk òksr gS] cqfu;kn gSA :l ds e'kgwj cSys
funsZ'kd ^use#p nsufpudkWQ* ftUgksaus :lh cSys dks lkjs ;wjksi esa ed+cwy djk;k] mudk dguk Fkk
fd lcls [+kq'kulhc os yksx gSa] tks viuh ilan ds {ks=k esa gh dke djus dk ekSd+k gkfly dj ikrs
gSaA esjs fy, blls T+;knk [+kq'kfd+Lerh dh ckr D;k gks ldrh gS fd eq>s vnkdkjh ls b'd+ gS vkSj
eSa og dj ik jgh gawA eSa vnkdkjh dh chekj gwa vkSj ges'kk bldh f'kdkj jguk pkgrh gawA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 409

loky% vkidh eknjh tcku D;k gS\
tokc% esjh eknjh t+cku mnwZ gSA gkykafd eSa ¯gnh] iatkch Hkh cksy ldrh gwaA mnwZ esjh eknjh t+cku
rks gS ysfdu eSa blesa cgqr det+ksj FkhA bankSj ds ftl ifjokj esa esjh 'kknh gqbZ] ogka esjs llqj eq>s
cgqr [+kwclwjr mnwZ esa [+kr fy[krs Fks vkSj cs'kehZ nsf[k, fd eSa mUgsa vaxzst+h eas [kr fy[kk djrh FkhA

eSa tc i`Foh fFk;sVj esa vk;h rks esjh mnwZ lqudj ikikth ¼i`Fohjkt diwj½ us dgk fd rqEgsa 'keZ vkuh

pkfg, fd rqe mnwZ ds ?kj jkeiqj dh jgus okyh gks vkSj t+cku ds ckjs esa bruh ykijokg gksA mUgksaus

eq>s viuh t+cku ls I;kj djuk fl[kk;kA cnfd+Lerh ls vkt mnwZ fl;klr dh f'kdkj gks x;h gSA

loky% ,d vkSjr vnkdkjk ds rkSj ij vkidks ukV~;deZ dh nqfu;k dSlh yxrh gS\
tokc% eSa baXyaSM vkSj Hkkjr nksuksa ds gh ckjs esa crkuk pkgwaxhA vkSjrksa ds elyksa ij rks ukVd gSa ughaA
vU; ukVdksa esa Hkh vkSjrksa ds ik=k cgqr det+ksj vkSj de gaSA ukV~;deZ dh nqfu;k esa iq#"k vfHkusrkvksa
dk opZLo gSA ;g gkyr rHkh cnysxh] tc [+kqn vkSjrsa viuh ¯t+nxh ij vkSj pkjksa rjQ+ QSyh ¯t+nxh
ij ukVd fy[ksaxhA
loky% vki vkt+knh ls igys bIVk ls tqM+h jgh gSaA bIVk us ns'k esa lkaLÑfrd iqutkZxj.k dk

dke fd;k FkkA bIVk D;ksa fc[kjk\
tokc% bldh dbZ otgsa gSA bIVk ds ed+cwy gksus dh lcls cM+h otg mlds dk;ks± dk lkezkT;okn
fojksèkh Lo:i FkkA yksx lkezkT;okn ls ijs'kku Fks vkSj bIVk mudh mEehnksa dks Loj nsrk FkkA ysfdu
1947 esa vaxzst+ksa ds pys tkus ij ml nq'eu dk otwn gh ugha jgk vkSj vc bIVk ds ikl yM+kbZ dk
dksbZ vkSj eqík gh ugha FkkA ,slk yxk tSls bIVk 'kk;n ;rhe gks x;k gksA gesa viuk dksbZ fu'kkuk
<wa<+uk pkfg, FkkA bIVk dh nwljh det+ksjh ;g Fkh fd og fl;k;r vkSj lkaLÑfrd dkeksa ds chp ,d
lgh fj'rk ugha fodflr dj ik;kA blds fy, Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ Hkh ft+Eesnkj FkhA tc Hkh
fl;klr vkSj laLÑfr dks feykrs gSa] fl;klr gkoh gks tkrh gSA bldk urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd dyk
vFkok laLÑfr dh [+kwclwjrh izHkkfor gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g Hkh gksrk gS fd cgl&eqckfglk]
la;e lc [+kRe gks tkrk gSA dykRed ekinaMksa ds lkFk fl;klr Hkh vk tk;s rks dksbZ eqt+k,dk ughaA
bu gkykr us Hkh vPNs dykdkjksa dks bIVk ls dkV fn;kA bIVk dh ,d vkSj fnD+d+r ;g Fkh fd bldk
usr`Ro dykdkjksa ds vgadkj dks Hkh cl esa ugha dj ik;kA og uke vkSj iSls ds ykyp dk f'kdkj
gq,A
loky% vkt gekjs ns'k esa lkEiznkf;drk vkSj èkk£ed dBeqYykokn mHkkj ij gS] bl [+krjs

ds ckjs esa vki D;k lksprh gSa\
tokc% gkykr cgqr [+krjukd gSaA ;s lc blfy, gks jgk gS fd fl;klr] eqYyk&iqtkjh] fl;klrnka
vkSj fufgr LokFkks± dh feyhHkxr gSA gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd bl ikxyiu dk vlyh f'kdkj
vkSjras gh gksaxhA eka] csVh cgu] cgw dks gh d+her pqdkuh iM+sxhA cnfd+Lerh ls lkEiznkf;drk mu
yksxksa ds t+fj;s QSyk;h tk jgh gS] tks i<+s&fy[ks gSa vkSj Kkuh dgyk;s tkrs gSaA blls yM+us dh cqfu;knh
ft+Eesnkjh eka ds :i esa vkSjr dh gh gSA mls vius cPPkksa dks ;g rkyhe nsuh pkfg, fd lc balku
cjkcj gSaA
loky% vki fdl et+gc esa ;d+hu j[krh gSa\
tokc% eSa fdlh Hkh et+gc ds fjoktksa vkSj iwtkikB esa ;d+hu ugha j[krhA yksxksa us et+gc dks ,d
410 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

[kVwa k cuk fn;k g]S ftl ij yVds jfg,A [+knq bla ku vkjS iÑz fr ls T+;knk egku e>q s dNq Hkh ugha fn[krkA

eSa balkfu;r dh 'kk£xn jguk pkgrh gawA
loky% lQ+nj gk'keh ds d+kfry [kqys ?kwe jgs gSaA gky gh esa iatkc esa ukStoku tuoknh
jaxdehZ lq[knso vkSj mudh iRuh dks Q+klhoknh rRoksa us Qkalh nh gSA cukjl esa
izflð mnwZ dfo ut+hj cukjlh] ftudh èkeZfujis{krk dh d+le [kk;h tk
ldrh gS] ds ifjokj ij lkEiznkf;d iqfyl us Hk;kud vR;kpkj <k;s gSaA
izfrfØ;k\
tokc% ;s lc 'keZukd gjdrsa tkjh gSa] ;g tkudj dystk eqag dks vkus yxrk gSA vxj bls ugha jksdk
x;k rks ns'k esa dqN ugha cpsxkA dykdkjksa dks] lkfgR;dkjksa dks vius fp=k] ukVd] xhr&dfork] fdrkcsa

ysdj lM+d ij fudy vkuk pkfg,A eSa bl ft+Eesnkjh ds fy, gj oD+r rS;kj gawA

loky% yksdkZ ds ukVd ^gkml vkWQ+ cukZMk vYok* ftlesa vki cukZMk dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh
gSa] mldk ,d csgrjhu mnwZ vuqokn Lo- j?kqohj lgk; us ^fcjthl dnj dk dquck*
uke ls fd;k Fkk] mls u djds ,d u;s vuqokn dks izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS] bldk
dksbZ fo'ks"k dkj.k\
tokc% eSa crkrh gwa] bldks D;ksa cnyk x;k gSA rtqZek cgqr [+kwclwjr FkkA T+kqcku cgqr 'kk;jkuk Fkh
vkSj ukVd ls mHkkjk x;k Fkk] ysfdu bl vuqokn esa dqN bl fd+Le dh phtsa Fkha] tks lp ls esy

ugha [kkrh Fkha] mlesa dbZ cqfu;knh x+yfr;ka FkhaA eSa ,d&,d iUuk i<+dj dgrh fd ,slk dSls gks

ldrk gS\ og vuqokn izLrqfr ds fy, O;kogkfjd ugha FkkA blfy, u;k vuqokn vYdkt+h ds dgus

ij ts-,u- dkS'ky us fd;k\

loky% tks ukStoku jaxdeZ dh nqfu;k esa izos'k dj jgs gS] muds fy, vkidk D;k iSx+ke gSa\
tokc% eSa rks dgrh gaw] cPpks] ft;ks&c<+ksA vFkoZosn esa ,d txg vk;k gS] eka deku dh ydM+h gksrh
gS] cki bldh Mksj gksrk gS vkSj cPPkk bl deku dk rhj gksrk gSA cPps rhj gSa] ;s NwVsaxs vkSj vius

fu'kkus ij igaqpsaxsA ;g esjk iDdk ;d+hu gSA

'kElqy bLyke
eks- 9968007740

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 411

gchc ruohj

tkosn efyd@uhjt efyd

;g dguk x+yr ugha gksxk fd gchc ruohj Hkkjrh; jaxeap ds bfrgkl ds ;qxiq#"k FksA mUgksaus
chloha lnh ds mÙkjk)Z esa Hkkjrh; jaxeap dks ,d ,slk u;k vkSj tkunkj #>ku fn;k tks dbZ ihf<+;ksa
rd ;kn j[kk tk;sxkA mudh vuwBh jax dyk dk ,d vge igyw ;g Fkk fd mlesa mudh okeiaFkh
fl;klh vkSj lkekftd fparuèkkjk FkhA mudh ,sfrgkfld tkx:drk dks Hkkjrh; yksd'kSyh vkSj
ijaijkvksa vkSj m$tkZ ds lkFk dqN bl rjg ls xwaFkk x;k Fkk rkfd muds ukVd n'kZdksa dk tgka ,d
vksj euksjatu djrs Fks] mlds lkFk gh mUgsa mYyflr Hkh djrs FksA blds vykok dks mUgsa vge eqíksa
ij lkspus ds fy, izsfjr Hkh djrs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd gchc ruohj dk fFk;sVj ns'k ds dksus&dksus
esa e'kgwj gks ik;k vkSj fofHkUu oxks± ds n'kZdksa dks ¼pkgs os 'kgjh gksa ;k xkao ds] i<+s&fy[ks gksa ;k vui<+½
yqHkkrk jgkA

gchc ruohj dh bl 'kksgjr vkSj dke;kch ds ihNs ,d yacs vkSj vuFkd la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl
gSA mudh dyk ;k=kk 1940 ds n'kd esa cacbZ esa bafM;u ihiqYl fFk;sVj ,lksfl,'ku ¼bIVk½ vkSj
izksxzsflo jkbVlZ ,lksfl,'ku ¼ih-MCY;w-,-½ ds lkFk 'kq: gqbZA bu okeiaFkh laLFkkvksa esa mUgksaus Hkh"e
lkguh] ,e-,l- lF;w] lqykspuk pVthZ] nhuk ikBd] [+okt+k vgen vCckl] vyh ljnkj tkQ+jh]
lTtkn t+ghj] dSQ+h vkt+eh tSlh gfLr;ksa ds lkFk dke fd;kA fFk;sVj] laxhr vkSj dkO; ys[ku esa
[k+klrkSj ls mudh fnypLih jghA bl rtqcsZ us u flQ+Z mudh okeiaFkh jktuhfrd lksp dks vkSj T+;knk
iSuk vkSj n`<+ fd;k cfYd mUgsa tuoknh jktuhfr esa tu dyk vkSj yksd dyk dh vgfe;r ds izfr
Hkh tkx:d cuk;kA

1954 esa gchc ruohj fnYyh vk;s vkSj mUgksaus vius igys vge ukVd vkxjk ckt+kj dh jpuk
dhA tkfe;k fefYy;k ds izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dh 'kk[kk ds varxZr bl ukVd us n'kZdksa dks ,d
fcYdqy u;k jax vuqHko fn;kA 18oha lnh ds mnwZ 'kk;j ut+hj vdcjkcknh dh jpukvksa vkSj le;
ij vkèkkfjr ;g ukVd vius :i&foèkku] 'kSyh vkSj fo"k;&oLrq esa vU; ukVdksa ls fcYdqy vyx
FkkA blesa u rks dksbZ dgkuh ;k IykV Fkk] vkSj u dksbZ uk;d ;k [kyuk;dA izR;{k :i ls ukVd
ut+hj vdcjkoknh ds ckjs esa gksrs gq, Hkh] [kqn ut+hj dks ,d ckj Hkh eap ij ugha yk;k x;kA

bl ckr dks ydj ukV~; txr esa dkQ+h fookn [kM+k gqvkA vjLrw ds ukV~; fl)karksa dks loksZifj
ekuus okys ml le; ds dqN vkykspdksa us ruohj dh bl izLrqfr dks ukVd ekuus ls gh badkj dj
fn;kA mUgksaus bl ckr dks ut+j vankt+ fd;k fd ukVd ds dsanzfcanq vly esa vke vkneh vkSj
tuoknh dkO; Fkk ftldk izfrfufèkRo ut+hj dh jpukvksa esa Hkjiwj feyrk gSA ukVd esa fdlh futh
vkokl dh pkjnhokjh ds ctk; ,d ijw k ckt+kj] mlds reke 'kkjs 'kjkc]s yM+kbZ >xM+s vkjS èkDdk eqDdh

412 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ds lkFk is'k fd;k x;kA blds vykok vfHku; ds fy, ruohj us eè;oxhZ; vfHkusrkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk

vks[kyk xkao ds vui<+ yksxksa dks Hkh ukVd esa 'kkfey fd;kA ;g vius vki esa u;k vkSj Økafrdkjh
d+ne FkkA

ukVd eas epa dks nks lkekftd vkjS lkLa Ñfrd èkozq kas eas ckVa k x;k g,µS d dkus s ij irxa okys

dh nqdku gS] tgka lkèkkj.k vkSj T+;knkrj esgurd'k yksxksa dk teko gksrk gS vkSj bUgha ds thou vkSj

la?k"kks± ls tqM+h ut+hj dh dfork,a i<+h vkSj ljkgh tkrh gSaA blds fcYdqy foijhr] nwljs dksus ij ,d
dqrqcQ+jks'k gS ftldh nqdku ij tek lQ+sniks'k ys[kd lkaLÑfrd :f<+okfnrk vkSj vfHktkroknh
'kkyhurk dk xq.kxku djrs gSaA bu yksxksa dks ut+hj ds tuoknh #>ku ls l[+r ,srjkt+ gSA fjok;rh
vankt+ ds ukVdh; }a} ds ctk;] ;g lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd èkzqohdj.k gh vkxjk ckt+kj dks
ukVdh; :i ls jkspd cukrk gSA

vkxjk ckt+kj ds dqN le; ckn gchc ruohj fczfV'k dkmafly dh LdkWyjf'ki ij jk;y vdsMeh
vkWQ+ MªkesfVd vkV~Zl (RADA) esa fFk;sVj dk izf'k{k.k ikus baXySaM x;sA ogka mudk eu ugha yxk
vkSj mUgsa eglwl gqvk fd tks izf'k{k.k mUgsa fey jgk gS mldk muds fy, Hkkjr esa dke djus ds
fy, dksbZ mi;ksx ugha gSA bl nkSjku mUgksaus baXySaM vkSj ;wjksi ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa ?kwe&?kwe dj ukVd

ns[ksA bu ;k=kkvksa esa 1956 dh mudh c£yu ;k=kk lcls vge Fkh] tgka mUgksaus c£yuj ,ulkEcy
ds rgr czs[+r ds ukVdksa ds dbZ izn'kZu ns[ksA bl vuqHko us mu ij xgjk vlj Mkyk vkSj mudh
bl le> dks vkSj T+;knk et+cwr fd;k fd O;fDr dks viuh lkaLÑfrd tM+ksa ds izfr yxko j[k dj

dke djuk pkfg,A muds vius 'kCnksa esa] ^eq>s yxk fd tc rd vki viuh tM+ksa ls u tqMa+s vkSj
viuh ijaijkvksa dh iquO;kZ[;k u djsa] vki ,d lQy vkSj iqjekuh fFk;sVj ugha dj ldrsA lkFk
gh ;g Hkh t+:jh gS fd fjok;rksa dk bLrseky vkèkqfud vkSj ledkyhu ljksdkjksa dks O;Dr djus ds

fy, fd;k tk;s] ;kuh fjok;rksa esa jpukRed n[kyvankt+h t+:jh gSA*
Hkkjr ykSVdj gchc ruohj ,d ,slh jax&'kSyh vkSj eqgkojs dh ryk'k esa tqV x;s tks fof'k"V

:i ls nslh gks] ij lkFk gh lkFk vkèkqfud vkSj ledkyhu psruk ls izsfjr gksA dbZ cjl rd mUgksaus

ns'k esa ?kwe&?kwe dj fofHkUu yksdukV~; ijaijkvksa dk vè;;u fd;kA ij mudk fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k mudk
viuk {ks=k NÙkhlx<+ jgk] tgka os xkao&xkao ?kwes] mUgksaus jkr&jkr Hkj cSB dj ikjaifjd ^ukpk* izn'kZu
ns[ks vkSj mu xzkeh.k dykdkjksa ds lkFk dk;Z'kkyk,a dhA

bl nkSjku mudh HksaV jktukanxkao dh ,d lHkk esa ukpk dykdkj ykywjke ls gqbZA ykywjke ds
vkxzg ij gchc lkgc muds ?kj x;s] tgka os vU; yksd dykdkjksa ls Hkh feysA lkjh jkr cSBdj muds
lkFk pjl ih] muds xkus lqus vkSj muds ijaijkxr izglu ns[ksA blds ckn mUgksaus mUgsa fnYyh vkus

dh nkor nhA
1959 esa fganqLrkuh fFk;sVj ds fy, ruohj us 'kwnzd ds ukVd] feêh dh xkM+h dk eapu fd;k

ftlesa mUgksaus bu dykdkjksa dk bLrseky fd;kA ukVd ds xkus NÙkhlx<+h yksd/kquksa dks vkèkkj cukdj

ckck fu;kt+ gSnj ls fy[kok;s vkSj dqN [kqn fy[ksA
ukVd fugk;r gh jkspd Fkk vkSj n'kZdksa us bls cgqr ilan fd;kA ysfdu ,d ckj fQj ;g

izLrqfr dqN vkykspdksa ds xys ugha mrjhA mudh ut+j esa ruohj dh izLrqfr ,d egku] Dykfld

laLÑr ukVd dk vieku FkhA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 413

fganqLrkuh fFk;sVj dh laLFkkid vkSj laj{kd csxe dqnfl;k tS+nh dks Hkh ^dkys dywVs] cnlwjr

vkSj xaokj* yksd dykdkjksa dks eap ij izLrqr fd;k tkuk fcYdqy ukxokj xqt+jkA blds ihNs ml le;
ds eè;oxhZ; fFk;sVj dh ;g vke èkkj.kk Fkh fd jaxeap ij fn[kk;h nsus okyk gj vnkdkj xksjk fpêk]
lkQ+ lqFkjk vkSj dqyhu gksA csxe t+Snh ds reke fojksèk ds ckotwn gchc viuh ckr ij vM+s jgs vkSj

mUgksaus fganqLrkuh fFk;sVj ls vyx gks tkus dk Q+Slyk fd;kA dqN le; ckn mUgksaus viuh iRuh
eksfudk feJk ds lkFk feydj ,d u;s xzqi dh LFkkiuk dh ftldk uke mUgksaus ^u;k fFk;sVj* j[kkA

vxys 12&13 cjl rd gchc ruohj dk iz;ksxkRed nkSj tkjh jgkA blds nkSjku os nslh vkSj

iqjekuh fFk;sVj dh ryk'k esa ,dkxzrk ls tqVs jgsA 1971 esa mUgksaus jk;iqj esa ,d dk;Z'kkyk dh ftlesa
NÙkhlx<+ ds nwj njkt+ fgLlksa ls d+jhc 100 ukpk eaMfy;ka 'kkfey gqb±A gchc lkgc ds fuea=k.k ij
ns'k ds dqN iz[;kr lekt'kkfL=k;ksa] laxhr'kkfL=k;ksa oxS+jg us Hkh blesa f'kjdr dhA eghus Hkj rd

pyh bl dk;Z'kkyk esa ukpk eafMy;ksa us viuh&viuh dyk dk izn'kZu fd;kA buesa ls gchc lkgc
us rhu izglu pqus tks ,d nwljs ls fcYdqy fHkUu FksA budks ,d&nwljs esa fijks dj ,d ukVd rS;kj
fd;k x;k ftldk uke j[kk] xkao dk ukao llqjky] eksj ukao nkeknA ,d izdkj ls ;g ukVd
NÙkhlx<+ ds <sj lkjs yksd xhrksa] yksd ?kquksa vkSj yksd jhfr;ksa dk ,d vnHkqr [+kt+kuk gSA blds lkFk
gh blesa ukpk jaxeap ds ikjaifjd et+kfd+;k vkSj O;aX;kRed igyqvksa dk iwjk&iwjk bLrseky fd;k x;k
gSA bUgha otgksa ls ;g ukVd tc Hkh vkSj tgka Hkh [ksyk x;k] ges'kk csgn yksdfiz; gqvkA

vc rd ^u;k fFk;sVj* izeq[k :i ls yksd dykdkjksa ij vkèkkfjr xzqi cu pqdk FkkA bl
iz;ksxkRed dky esa gchc lkgc dks tks ,d ckr yxkrkj ijs'kku djrh jgh] og ;g Fkh fd muds
yksd dykdkj tks vius {ks=k ds xzkeh.k eap ij bruh 'kfDr vkSj m$tkZ ds lkFk lkeus vkrs Fks] fdlh

dkj.ko'k ^u;k fFk;sVj* ds LVst ij fcYdqy Q+hds vkSj cstku gks tkrs FksA cgqr vkReeaFku ds ckn
gchc bl urhts ij igqaps fd bldk dkj.k os dykdkj ugha] cfYd funsZ'kd] ;kuh os [kqn gSaA mUgsa
viuh nks x+yfr;ksa dk vglkl gqvkA ,d ;g fd os eè;oxhZ; funsZ'kdksa dh rjg ukVd dh iwjh

:ijs[kk vkSj lhu dh ;kstuk igys ls gh dkx+t+ ij rS;kj dj ysrs Fks ftlesa vfHkusrk dh gj xfr
vkSj Hkwfedk foLrkj ls r; dj nh tkrh Fkh vkSj mlls vis{kk dh tkrh Fkh fd og fjglZy ds nkSjku
bl iwoZ&fu;ksftr Hkwfedk dks vkRelkr dj mu ij vey djsxkA mUgksaus eglwl fd;k fd mudk

;g rjhd+k x+yr Fkk] D;ksafd xkao ds lhèks lkns vui<+ dykdkjksa ds fy, bruh lw{erk ls gj xfr'khy
Hkafxek dks ;kn j[kuk dfBu gksrk FkkA nwljh x+yrh Fkh] xzkeh.k dykdkjksa ls ekud fganh esa laokn
dgykokukA ruohj us bl vglkl ds lkFk viuh x+yfr;ka lqèkkjha vkSj muds vius 'kCnksa esa

^dykdkjksa dks mudh Lok;Ùkrk okil ns nhA* os vius ukVd vc Øe&Øe ls cu jgh lgt Hkwfedk
vkSj dk;Z'kkyk ds vkèkkj ij rS;kj djus yxs vkSj mUgksaus r; fd;k fd ukVd ds laokn dykdkjksa
dh viuh cksyh NÙkhlx<+h esa gh gksaxsA urhtru] dykdkjksa ds vfHku; esa mudh ekSfyd lgtrk]

m$tkZ vkSj gqujeanh nksckjk ut+j vkus yxhA
gkykafd vius dqN ukVdksa eas gchc lkgc us dqN 'kgjh dykdkjksa dks Hkh bLrseky fd;k] ckotwn

blds ^u;k fFk;sVj* dh izLrqfr;ka T+;knkrj dsoy NÙkhlx<+ ds vnkdkjksa }kjk gh vfHkuhr dh x;haA
bl le; dk lcls T+;knk e'kgwj vkSj lnkcgkj ukVd gS] pjunkl pksjA

vc muds ukVdksa dh Hkk"kk izeq[k :i ls NÙkhlx<+h Fkh] xkuksa ds cksy vkSj y;kRedrk NÙkhlx<+

414 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dh yksd ijaijkvksa ij vkèkkfjr FkhA muds dykdkj vkSj muds vfHku; dh 'kSyh yksdèkehZ FkhA bu
lcds ckotwn gchc lkgc us vius fFk;sVj dks dHkh yksd fFk;sVj ugha ekuk vkSj ges'kk ,sls fdlh
Hkh yscy dk fojksèk fd;kA os dgk djrs Fks] ^eSa dHkh yksd :iksa ds ihNs ugha cfYd yksd dykdkjkas
ds ihNs Hkkxrk jgk gwaA* mUgksaus NÙkhlx<+ dk pIik&pIik [kaxkyk vkSj ogka ls ,d ls c<+dj ,d
dykdkj dks ¼Bkdqj jke] ykywjke] enuyky] fQ+nk ckbZ] ekyk ckbZ] xksfoan jke] nhid frokjh vkfn½
vius ukVdksa esa txg nhA ;s dykdkj ftudh rjch;r ukpk ijaijk esa gqbZ Fkh] NÙkhlx<+h yksd laxhr]
yksd u`R; vkSj ikjaifjd 'kkjhfjd Hkk"kk vius lkFk ysdj vk;s FksA

gchc ruohj us yksd ijaijk dks dHkh :ekuh p'es ls ugha ns[kkA mudh viuh lksp] okeiaFkh
fopkjèkkjk vkSj vkanksyuksa ls izHkkfor FkhA os yksd dh fopkjkRed vkSj ,sfrgkfld lhekvksa ls iwjh
rjg okfd+Q+ Fks vkSj mUgksaus viuh vkèkqfud psruk vkSj jktuhfrd le> dks vius yksd dykdkjksa
ds vnHkqr gquj vkSj jax dyk ls tksM+kA bu nksuksa ds xgjs rkyesy ls ,d ,slk fFk;sVj iSnk gqvk ftlesa
feêh dh [kq'kcw Fkh vkSj ledkyhurk dk rsoj HkhA

gchc ruohj us ges'kk ;g è;ku j[kk fd jpukRed Lrj ij muds vkSj muds dykdkjksa ds chp
dksbZ inkuqØe u cusA os ges'kk cjkcj dk fj'rk cukdj pyrs FksA muds chp dk vknku&iznku
,d&nwljs dks le`) djs] ;kuh gj ukVd ,d le>k iz;kl gksA bl 'kks"k.kghu fj'rs dk lcls vPNk
mnkgj.k muds ukVdksa ds xhr gSaA mUgksaus viuh dfork dks ijaijkxr yksd laxhr esa dqN bl rjg
ls xwaFkk fd laxhr dh n'kZdksa dks jksekafpr djus okyh vnHkqr 'kfDr Hkh cuh jgs vkSj mudh dforkvksa
dh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj ledkyhu vkèkqfud psruk Hkh iwjh rjg ls O;Dr gks ldsA

blh ckr dk nwljk mnkgj.k bl ckr esa feyrk gS fd mUgksaus ges'kk vius dykdkjksa dks vkSj
muds dkS'ky dks lkeus j[kk vkSj yach pkSM+h eaplTtk vkSj tfVy izdk'k O;oLFkk dh yyd ls ijgst+
djrs jgs] ftlls vDlj vnkdkj dh izfrHkk vkSj gSfl;r nc tkrh gSA

t+kfgj gS fd gchc ruohj dk yksd laLÑfr dh rjQ+ >qdko dbZ nwljs QS+'kuscy iz;klksa ds
foijhr] fdlh iqjkruoknh ;k iqu#RFkkuoknh tT+cs ls izsfjr ugha Fkk cfYd ,d lkspk le>k
fopkjèkkjkRed pquko FkkA blds ihNs dgha u dgha bIVk dk og e'kgwj ukjk ^tuukV~; la?k dk jaxeap
tu&tu dk eap* gSA

2009 esa tc mudk fuèku gqvk] ^u;k fFk;sVj* us ipkl lky iwjs fd;sA fdlh fFk;sVj dk u
flQ+Z vkèkh lnh rd thfor jguk cfYd iwjh lfØ;rk vkSj thoarrk ds lkFk dke djrs jguk] nqfu;k
esa dgha Hkh ,d nqyZHk ,sfrgkfld rF; gSA gchc ruohj 'kkjhfjd det+ksfj;ksa ds ckotwn vkf[+kjh ne
rd iwjh lkèkuk vkSj yxu ls vius y{; esa tqVs jgsA bl rjg tks fFk;sVj mUgksaus [kM+k fd;k] og
u flQ+Z ledkyhu vkSj ikjaifjd Fkk cfYd csgn euksjatd vkSj fnekx+h rkSj ij rh[kk vkSj èkkjnkj
FkkA lgh ekuksa esa ;g ,d vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; fFk;sVj Fkk ftldk lhèkk ljksdkj gekjs nkSj ds ;FkkFkZ
vkSj gekjs ledkyhu lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd thou esa gj d+ne ij mBus okys iz'uksa ls gSA gchc
ruohj dk fFk;sVj ,d ,slk fFk;sVj Fkk ftldh felky iwjs Hkkjr esa ugha feyrhA

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u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 415

Hkh"e lkguh

t;nso rustk

LokHkkfod&;FkkFkiZ .w kZ pfj=kkas dh thora lf` "V] ek£ed {k.kkas dh l{w e idM+] lgt ukVdh; ilz xa kas
dh vnH~ kqr le>] xgu foMca uki.w kZ fLFkfr;kas dh vpdw igpku] jkps d ,oa dqrgw yi.w kZ ?kVukØe dh
dq'ky ;kts uk vkjS rukoi.w kZ eu%fLFkfr;kas ds eukos KS kfud fo'y"s k.k djus dh rk£dd 'kfDr tlS h
ukV;~ &y[s ku ds fy, lHkh iez q[k fo'k"s krk,a Hkh"e lkguh ds dFkk lkfgR; eas vkjHa k ls gh fo|eku FkhAa
fQj Hkh] vk'p;Z gkrs k gS ;g n[s kdj fd lkys g lky dh mez eas uhyh vk[a kas tlS h gla eas idz kf'kr
gks ldus yk;d+ dgkuh fy[kus ds ckotnw Hkh"e lkguh us viuk igyk ukVd gkuw'k fy[kus ds fy,
cklB lky dh mez rd bra t+kj D;kas fd;k\

ukVd vkjS jxa epa ds ifz r yxko vkjS vkd"k.Z k Hkh mueas cpiu ls gh Fkk] tks fofHkUu
ifjfLFkfr;kas ,oa :ikas eas vkthou cuk jgkA vius cM+s HkkbZ cyjkt lkguh ds lkFk ckyiu esa gh
vfHku; djus dk mYy[s k mUgkuas s viuh vkRedFkk eas cM+s mRlkg ls fd;k gAS pkFS kh d{kk eas mUgkuas s
Ldyw h ukVd Jo.k dqekj eas uk;d Jo.k dh Hkfw edk fuHkkdj vius ukV;~ ,oa vfHku;&iezs dh
fofèkor~ 'kq#vkr Hkh dj nh FkhA ykgkjS eas ,e-,- djrs gq, vius dkyW ts ds ukV;~ ny ds lfØ;
lnL; ds :i eas bUgkuas s nks ukVdkas eas c<w +h fL=k;kas ds fdjnkj Hkh lQyrkiow dZ fuHkk;s FkAs cxa ky vdky
ds fnuksa esa jkoyfiaMh esa gq, ^bIVk* ds ukV~;&izn'kZu ls brus izHkkfor gq, fd ft+anxh Hkj
fdlh&u&fdlh :i eas ^bIVk* ls tqM+s jgAs Hkkjr&foHkktu ls iow Z Hkh"e vius HkkbZ ctjkt ls feyus
cca bZ x;s rks mUgkuas s ^bIVk* ds [+oktk vgen vCckl fyf[kr vkjS cyjkt lkguh funfZs 'kr ukVd
tqcnS k eas u dos y ,d NkVs h&lh Hkfw edk fuHkk;h cfYd jkoyfiMa h ykVS dj ;g ukVd iLz rqr Hkh fd;kA

vkukYZ M fjMys ds ukVd] n ?kkLs V Vusª dk Hkrw xkM+h ds uke ls Hkh"e lkguh us fgna Lrkuh vuqokn
djds jkoyfiMa h ds Mh-,-oh- dkyW ts ds Nk=kkas ds lkFk mldk ljkguh; fun'Zs ku Hkh fd;kA Hkh"e lkguh
us [+oktk vgen vCckl ds lg;kxs ls blh ukVd dk Hkkjrh; :ikra j Hkh fd;k] tks 1947 dh l£n;kas
eas cca bZ ^bIVk* }kjk vgenkckn eas vf[ky Hkkjrh; bIVk lEeys u eas inz f'krZ fd;k x;kA bleas cyjkt
lkguh] [+oktk vgen vCckl] iesz èkou vkjS 'kkdS r vkt+eh tlS s p£pr rFkk dq'ky dykdkjkas ds lkFk
Hkh"e lkguh us Hkh vfHku; fd;k FkkA mUgha fnukas t;ra nls kbZ ds ¼fQ+Ye½ LVfw M;ks eas ,d ckXa yk fQ+Ye
dh fgna h Mfcxa eas bUgkuas s ghjks ds loa knkas dh Mfcxa Hkh dh FkhA

dkykra j eas vca kyk ds xkèa kh ees kfs j;y u's kuy dkyW ts ¼Nkouh½ eas vè;kiu djrs gq, bUgkuas s
^bIVk* dh 'kk[kk dh LFkkiuk dh vkjS fdlh fon's kh ukVd ds fgna qLrkuh :ikra j lM+d ds fdukjs dk
iLz rrq hdj.k Hkh fd;k;µ gh ukVd mu fnukas cca bZ eas ^bIVk* }kjk lQyrkiow dZ [kys k tk jgk FkkA
vca kyk eas nq?kVZ uko'k tc ,d ckj Hkh"e lkguh ds ck;as cktw dh dkgs uh VVw x;h vkjS os bykt djkus
f'keyk x;]s rks dqN lkfFk;kas ds lkFk feydj mUgha fnukas mUgkuas s ^bIVk* dk cgqp£pr ukVd tknw dh
dqlhZ ogha r;S kj fd;k ftlds rhu inz 'kuZ Hkh f'keyk eas fd;s x;As

416 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fnYyh eas jgrs gq, Hkh"e lkguh ^tuukV;~ epa * ds uqDdM+ ukVdkas vkjS ckn eas ^lger* ds lkFk

lfØ; :i ls tqM+s jgAs os dqN o"kk±s rd jk"Vhª ; ukV;~ fo|ky; ds okbl p;s jeuS ds :i eas mldh
jxa &xfrfofèk;kas eas vFkiZ .w kZ jpukRed Hkfw edk dk fuokgZ Hkh djrs jgAs

bl idz kj Li"V gS fd jxa deZ ds lkFk Hkh"e lkguh dk lca èa k vfHkurs k] vuqoknd ,oa ukVddkj

ds vfrfjDr vkjS Hkh dbZ :ikas eas thou Hkj cuk jgkA ;gh ugh]a mUgkuas s Vh-oh- ukVdk&as lhfj;ykas ds
lkFk&lkFk dqNds J"s B dyk fQ+Yekas eas Hkh vfHku; fd;kA lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj ls lEekfur muds
miU;kl rel ij vkèkkfjr xkfs ona fugykuh ds lqifz l) lhfj;y ds vykok fxjh'k djukM ds fun'Zs ku
eas iLz rqr ,d ,fs rgkfld èkkjkokfgd eas cgknqj 'kkg t+Q+j dh Hkfw edk Hkh vkRefo'okl ds lkFk
fuHkk;hA fyfVy c)q k ds vfrfjDr lbnZ fet+kZ dh ekgs u tk's kh gkft+j gks eas iez q[k Hkfw edk Hkh fuHkk;hA
vi.kkZ lus dh feLVj ,Ma felts + v¸;j ds loa ns u'khy vkjS iHz kko'kkyh LokHkkfod vfHku; ds dkj.k]
xk.S k pfj=k gkus s ds ckotnw ] mUgas n'kdZ k&as leh{kdkas dh Hkjijw i'z kla k feyhA icz q) fQ+Yedkj&fun'Zs kd
vi.kkZ lus ds vuqlkj] ^fQ+Ye ¼feLVj ,Ma felts + v¸;j½ ds ml n'` ; eas tgka iNw k tkrk gS fd ;gka
eqlyeku dkuS gS vkjS Hkh"eth ml O;fDr dh vkjs eqM+rs g]aS rks fQ+Ye eas ml oD+r muds pgs js ds

Hkkokas dks n[s kdj vkt Hkh ejs s jkxas Vs [kM+s gks tkrs gAaS * blh idz kj fQ+Ye&fun'Zs kd lbnZ fet+kZ dk dFku
gS fd] ekgs u tk's kh gkft+j gks eas ekgs u tk's kh ds fdjnkj ds fy, Hkh"e lkguh th dks NkMs +dj nlw jk
uke ejs s fnekx+ eas gh ugha vk;kA*

bl yca h i"` BHkfw e dks iLz rqr djus dk mí's ; dos y bruk gh gS fd ukVddkj cuus ls igys
ds ,d jxa prs k jpukdkj&dykdkj ds :i eas ge Hkh"e th ls lk{kkRdkj dj ldAas Hkh"e lkguh
dFkkdkj ls ukVddkj dh Hkfw edk eas l;a kxs o'k ;k vpkud ugha vk x;s FkAs ukVd vkjS jxa epa ls

mudk lia dZ lca èa k dkQ+h yca k Fkk vkjS mlds l)S kfa rd&O;kogkfjd jxa f'kYi dk vè;;u vkjS vuqHko
dkQ+h xgjk FkkA ukV;~ &y[s ku dh ngyht+ rd igpqa us ds fy, mUgkuas s ,d yca h jxa &;k=kk r; dh FkhA
mudh ;g ekU;rk fcydqy mfpr gh gS fd] ^blesa lansg ugha fd eapu&dyk dh tkudkjh

ukVd&y[s ku eas fu'p; gh lgk;d gkrs h g]S ij rHkh] tc og mldh ltuZ kRed dYiuk dks u;h LQ£w r
n]s u fd mlds efLr"d dk ck>s cu tk;As *

leh{kkRed nf` "V ls n[s kas rks gkuw'k ¼1977½] dfcjk [kM+k cktkj eas ¼1981½] ekèkoh ¼1984½ vkjS
evq kot+s ¼1993½ tlS s ukVdkas eas Hkh"e th dh jxa dyk dh tkudkjh rFkk le> muds fy, LQ£w rnk;d
vkjS lgk;d fl) gqbZ gAS blds foijhr] vkjS xa t+sc ds pfj=k ij vkèkkfjr vkyexhj vkjS tfy;koa kyk
ckx+ ds gR;kdkMa ij dfas nrz jxa ns clra h pkys k eas ,fs rgkfld rF;kas dh Hkjekj us ltuZ kRed dYiuk
ds fy, t+jk Hkh LFkku ugha NkMs +kA ;gka rF;kas ds Hkkjh ck>s us jpukRedrk dks flj mBkus dk Hkh ekdS +k
ugha fn;kA ukVddkj ds gh 'kCnkas eas ^bfrgkl ejs s efLr"d ij ,ls k gkoh gks pqdk Fkk fd ejs h dYiuk
dks gh tlS s ydok ekj x;k FkkA* bldk nq"ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ;s nkus kas jpuk,a okLro eas jxa &ukVd

u cudj fdlh jxa &vuqHko ls jfgr ukfS lf[k;s y[s kd dh loa knc)&dFkk,a ek=k cudj jg x;hAa
Li"V gS fd jxa deZ ds ek;koh vkd"k.Z k ls fcèa ks Hkh"e lkguh ,d vfHkurs k] fun'Zs kd] O;oLFkkid]

vuqoknd] :ikra jdkj] n'kdZ vkjS fFk,Vj ,fDVfoLV ds ukrs jxa epa ls dekcs k's k ge's kk gh tqM+s jgAs
blds ckotnw ;g Hkh lp gS fd 1976 eas viuk igyk ekfS yd ukVd gkuw'k fy[kus ls igys rd
muds jpukRed y[s ku dk dnas z dgkuh&miU;kl gh jgk vkjS ml {k=s k eas mUgkus as [kcw [;kfr] ifz r"Bk

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 417

vjS ykds fi;z rk Hkh vftrZ dhA ijra q tc ukV;~ &y[s ku ds {k=s k eas lfØ; gq, rks gkuw'k dks yds j cM+s
HkkbZ vkjS icz q) jxa dehZ cyjkt lkguh dh fujk'kktud ifz rfØ;k vkjS lqifz l) ukV;~ &fun'Zs kd
bckz fge vYdkt+h dh mi{s kk Hkh mUgas grkRs lkfgr ugha dj ldhA ;gh ugh]a jkftna j ukFk ds fun'Zs ku
eas 18&19 Q+jojh] 1977 dks fnYyh ds Jhjke lVas j eas inz f'krZ gkuw'k dh lQy iLz rqfr us mUgas bruk
mRlkfgr vkjS ifsz jr fd;k fd vius 'k"s k thou eas os dFkk&lkfgR; ds lkFk&lkFk yxkrkj ukVd Hkh
fy[krs jgAs blh chp mUgkuas s dkjys piS d ds pds ukVd vkj-;-w vkj rFkk fpxa ts vkbrekrkos ,oa
dyrkbZ ekgs Eets kukos ds :lh ukVd Qtw h;kek ds fgna h vuqokn ds vfrfjDr viuh dqN dgkfu;kas
ds jfs M;ks vkjS Vh-oh- :ikra j Hkh fd;s vkjS bueas ls dqNds eas mYy[s kuh; Hkfw edk,a Hkh fuHkk;hAa

O;fDr ds rkjS ij Hkh"e lkguh c's kd 'kkra ] foue]z dkes y] ljy vkjS yxHkx nCcw LoHkko ds
ferHkk"kh ,oa en` qHkk"kh bla ku FkAs ijra q l)S kfa rd vkjS opS kfjd Lrj ij os ijw h rjg viuh vkLFkk rFkk
fo'oklkas ds ifz r lqn<` +] beZ kunkj] vVVw vkjS l?a k"kèZ kehZ ÅtkZ ls Lifa nr ifz rc) O;fDr FkAs mudh
ekDloZ kn vkjS ixz frokn] ;k O;kid nf` "V ls dgas rks ekuorkokn eas xgjh vkLFkk FkhA U;k;] HkkbpZ kj]s
lekurk vkjS lkekU; tu dh lkefw gd l?a k"kZ 'kfDr eas mudk fo'okl FkkA nfyr] nfer] 'kkfs "kr vkjS
L=kh ds ifz r mUgas gk£nd lgkuqHkfw r Fkh vkjS dkjhxj] f[kykM+h] dykdkj] ;kfd gqujena O;fDr ds fy,
muds eu eas cgs n bT+t+r vkjS i'z kla k ds Hkko jgrs FkAs Hkh"e th ds gh 'kCnkas e]as ^gqujena ykxs kas eas eq>s
,d [k+kl rjg dk ckda iu ut+j vkrk] ftl ij eaS jh>&jh> tkrk FkkA mudh viuh vnk gkrs h] viuh
eLrh gkrs h] ,d [k+kl rjg dh uQ+klr gkrs hA* Hkh"e lkguh eas vnH~ kqr i;oZ {s k.k vkjS xgz .k 'kfDr
FkhA os èke]Z tkfr] Hkk"kk vkjS x+jhc&vehj ds Hkns Hkko ls Åij mBdj lPph ifz rHkk dks igpkuus okyh
vk[a k vkjS mls lEeku nus s okyh xfjek ds lkFk&lkFk mlls iHz kkfor gkus s okyh le> ,oa loa ns uk Hkh
j[krs FkAs

1960 eas ekLdks ls ikz x dh ;k=kk ds nkjS ku fueyZ oekZ ls gkuw'k dh eè;;qxhu ?kM+h dk fd+Llk
lqudj dFkkdkj Hkh"e lkguh dks ^vpkud yxk fd 'kk;n ukVd ds :i eas bldh dgkuh vfèkd
iHz kko'kkyh <xa ls cuk;h tk ldrh gAS * vkjS rc mUgkuas s fQj ls jxa deZ dh nqfu;k ls tqM+us dk fu'p;
fd;A mUgha ds 'kCnkas e]as ^igys eq>s fun'Zs ku dk 'kkdS Fkk] [kys us dk 'kkdS + Fkk] ij vc ;g lHa ko ugha
FkkA eq>s yxk fd oD+r vc fudy x;k gAS * blfy, 1976 eas fy[kk x;k viuk igyk i.w kdZ kfyd
ukVd gkuw'k Hkh"e th us jkftna j ukFk dks [kys us ds fy, fn;k] ftls 1977 eas Jhjke lVas j }kjk
vk;kfs tr ,d ^jk"Vhª ; ukV;~ kRs lo* eas ^vfHk;ku* dh vkjs ls iLz rqr fd;k x;kA bleas fon's kh dFkk]
pfj=k vkjS ifjo's k ds ckotnw ,d lPps vUo"s kd] dykdkj@dkjhxj ds O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd vkjS
lkekftd Lrj ij y{; ikz fIr ds fy, fd;s tkus okys cgqeq[kh l?a k"kZ vkjS èkk£ed 'kfDr;k]as O;kikfj;kas
rFkk lÙkkèkkfj;kas }kjk mldh miyfC/k dks vius LokFkk±s ds fy, bLres ky djus dh lkft+'kkas dks cM+h
iHz kko'khyrk ds lkFk vfHkO;fDr feyhA

viuh dyk ds cy ij lÙkk dks pqukrS h nrs s ,d ekeyw h dq¶+ylkt+ gkuw'k dk vkRelEeku]
vkRefo'okl] fuHkhdZ ;k)s k vkjS Hkfo";oÙs kk tlS k ros j lpeqp vfoLej.kh; gAS vius f'k"; tds c
dks Hkxkus vkjS [kqn ckn'kkg lyker dh f[k+ykQ+ot+hZ djus ds tqeZ eas Lo;a dks vk'oLr Hkko ls le£ir
djrs gq, gku'w k dgrk g%S

418 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

egkjkt dk gqDe flj&vka[kksa ijA eSa gkft+j gwaA ?kM+h cu ldrh gS] ?kM+h can Hkh gks ldrh gSA ?kM+h
cukus okyk vaèkk Hkh gks ldrk gS] ej Hkh ldrk gSA ysfdu ;g cgqr cM+h ckr ugha gSA tsdc pyk
x;k rkfd ?kM+h dk Hksn ft+ank jg lds] vkSj ;gh lcls cM+h ckr gSA

bl fcna q ij vkdj ;g ukVd c[sz r ds lqifz l) ukVd xyS hfy;ks ds uk;d dh ;kn fnykus yxrk
gS tgka fdlh lR;kUo"s kh dk lR; vkjS dykdkj dh dyk Lo;a vius jpukdkj ls Hkh cM+h vkjS egÙoi.w kZ
gks tkrh gAS

lR;] vkLFkk] lekt vkjS ekuoh;rk ds fy, lÙkk ls gj d+her ij Vdjk tkus dk ;gh vuk[s kk
vna kt+ ukVddkj dks dchj eas Hkh fn[kk;h nrs k gAS eè;;qxhu Hkkjrh; HkfDr vkna kys u okys ;qx vkjS
mleas vD[kM+ vkjS QDdM+ lra dfo dchj ds O;fDrRo ,oa ÑfrRo dh egÙoi.w kZ Hkfw edk ls iHz kkfor
gkds j fy[kk x;k Hkh"eth dk nlw jk ukVd dfcjk [kM+k cktkj eas 1981 eas vfHkefa pr vkjS idz kf'kr
gqvkA ,e-ds juS k ds fun'Zs ku eas ^i;z kxs * }kjk iLz rqr bl ukVd eas dchj ds le; dh èkek±èkrk] vukpkj
vkjS rkuk'kkgh ds lkekftd&èkk£ed ,oa jktuhfrd lna HkZ eas muds fuMj] i[z kj] vVVw lR;kUo"s kh vkjS
ixz fr'khy O;fDrRo dks thora rk ls mHkkjk x;k gAS iq#"kièz kku lekt eas ukjh dh =kkln fLFkfr vkjS
fu;fr dks j[s kkfa dr djus ds mí's ; ls egkHkkjr dh dFkk ij vkèkkfjr ekèkoh 1984 eas idz kf'kr gqvkA
lkia nz kf;d nxa kas ds ifji{sz ; eas lekt ds vyx&vyx oxk±s dh cbs eZ kuh] èkk[s kkèkM+h] frtkjrh vkjS rqPN
LokFkk±s Hkjh ekufldrk] jktuhfr] xMaq’ kxnhZ vkjS O;kikjh dh feyhHkxr] xj+ hc vkjS cjs kts x+ kj O;fDr dh
ccs l foMca uk] eYw ;gra k ifjfLFkfr;kas dh vekuoh;rk rFkk bla kuh fj'rkas dh dkes yrk ,oa loa ns ughurk
dks gkL;&O;Xa ; ds t+fj;s i's k djus okyk Hkh"eth dk ukVd eqvkots+ eyw r% ita kch eas fy[kk x;k FkkA
ijra q 1992 eas jk"Vhª ; ukV;~ fo|ky; jxa eMa y us ,e-d-s juS k ds fun'Zs ku eas bldk igyk iLz rqrhdj.k
fgna h eas gh fd;k vkjS 1993 eas bldk idz k'ku Hkh fgna h eas gh gqvkA ?kkfs "kr vijkèkh tXxw ds jktuhfrd
urs k pkèS kjh txUukFk cu tkus ds ckn mls idM+us ds ctk; iqfyl dk mldh lqj{kk eas ruS kr gkus k
gkL;kLin gAS ljdkjh eqvkot+s ds lna HkZ eas vkt exa yw vkjS nhuw tlS s x+jhc O;fDR;kas dk nxa s eas ekjk
tkukmµ uds ifjokj ds Hkfo"; dh nf` "V ls cp tkus ls cgs rj vkjS ykHknk;d guµS kVd dk ;g
fu"d"kkRZ ed rh[kk O;Xa ; gekjh lkekftd&jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh Øjw foMca uk ij ,d fryfeyk nus s
okyh mÙkts d fVIi.kh gAS ;g vyx ckr gS fd gkuw'k] dfcjk [kM+k cktkj eas vkjS ekèkoh tlS s
vrhrkUs eq[kh ljkguh; ukVdkas ds eqd+kcys Hkh"e lkguh dk ledkyhu foMca ukvkas ij vkèkkfjr ;g
¼gkL;½ O;Xa ; ukVd eqvkots+ Hkh mudk cgqp£pr ,oa cgqefa pr ukVd gAS

Hkh"e lkguh dos y dy’ e ds flikgh gh ugha Fk]s lkekftd&jktuhfrd ,fDVfoLV Fkh FkAs mudh
ifz rfØ;k,a l;a r] fdra q rh[kh gkrs h FkhAa oD+r vkus ij fojkès k inz 'kuZ ds fy, os ^lger* ¼lQ+nj
gk'keh ees kfs j;y VLª V½ ds lkFk lM+dkas ij Hkh mrjAs vr% ;g vkdfLed ugha gS fd muds pkjkas
egÙoi.w kZ ukVdkas ds dnas hz ; pfj=k] pkch] feL=kh] gku'w k] tqykgk dchj] eqvkot+s ds ykyp eas nxa s eas
ejus ds fy, r;S kj nhuw vkjS mlls viuh cfs V;ka C;kgus dks rRij rhu cki rFkk ekèkoh eas firk]
iesz h] ifr bR;kfn lHkh iq#"kkas }kjk bLres ky dh pht+ cukdj NkMs + nh x;h L=kh 'kkfs "kr] ofa pr vkjS
mifs {kr oxZ ds gh O;fDr g]aS tks viu&s vius Lrj ij euq"; dh rjg thus ds fy, l?a k"kZ dj jgs gAaS

Hkh"e lkguh ds ÑfrRo dh lcls cM+h miyfC/k ;g gS fd mUgkuas s viuh fopkjèkkjk dks

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 419

jpuk'khyrk ij gkoh ugha gkus s fn;kA Lo;a ukVddkj Lohdkj djrk gS fd] ^vxj ejs s fopkj ejs s

lt` ukRed O;fDrRo eas [kidj vkrs g]aS vkjS mueas dkbs Z t+kjs &t+cjnLrh ugh]a rks vuqHko] fopkj vkjS
tks n[s kk gS ;s lc ?kqy&feydj ukVddkj dks fn'kk fn[kk;xas As --- vxj fopkjèkkjk ¼jpuk e½as [kidj
vk;]s mldk vxa cudj vk;]s mlh eas ls mHkjdj vk;]s rks og lkFkdZ gkrs h gAS eaS ukVd fy[k jgk

g]aw dkbs Z iES Q+yVs ugha fy[k jgkA ukVd fy[krs gq, eaS ukVd dh viuh ekxa kas vkjS dyk ls tqM+k jgk
gAaw eaS d+ye ds ekè;e ls viuh ckr dg jgk gAaw mldh eaS mi{s kk ugha dj ldrkA* lHa kor% ;gh
dkj.k gS fd ukVddkj dh viuh ckr lcdh ckr cudj mHkjrh gS vkjS viuh thora rk ,oa

LokHkkfodrk Hkh cuk;s j[krh gAS Hkh"eth ds O;fDrRo vkjS ÑfrRo us ekDloZ kn dks bl idz kj
vkRelkr~ dj fy;k fd fopkj vkjS jpuk'khyrk feydj fcydqy nèw k&ikuh gks x;As buds ukVdkas
dh lja puk ekVs s rkjS ls ;FkkFkoZ knh <kpa s ds vklikl gh jgrh g;µS |fi dF; dh ekxa ij mUgkuas s vU;

jxa 'kfS y;kas dh dqNds lkFkdZ ukV;~ &:f<+;kas dk i;z kxs Hkh fd;k gAS muds dFkk&foU;kl eas ljyrk vkjS
pfj=kkda u eas lgtrk gAS dFkkud vkjS pfj=kkas dk fodkl ifjfLFkfr;kas ,oa eu%fLFkfr;kas ds ruko vkjS
l?a k"kZ ls Lo;a gkrs k pyrk gAS l;a kxs ] vkdfLedrk] ofS p=; vkjS vfrfjDr&ukVdh;rk inS k djus dh

dkfs 'k'k mUgkuas s ugha dhA ifjo's k vkjS okrkoj.k dh ikz ekf.kdrk ds ifz r ge's kk ltx jgAs Hkk"kk vkjS
loa kn muds vius O;fDrRo dh rjg gh ge's kk vkMca jghu jgAs yfs du eyw r% dFkkdkj gkus s ds dkj.k
Hkh"e th vius ukVdkas eas 'kCn&cgqyrk ,oa foLrkj ls ugha cp ldAs Hkk"kk dh n'` ;kRedrk] ukVdh;

dkO;kRedrk vkjS ik=kkuqdyw loa kn&y; dh lf` "V ds ifz r ykijokgh] lja puk ,oa LFkkiR;xr f'kfFkyrk
rFkk fueeZ lia knu&dyk dh deh dqN ,ls h nqcyZ rk,a g]aS tks muds l'kDr dF; okys bu ukVdkas dh
lhek,a cu x;h gAaS

ledkyhu ifjo's k] pfj=k vkjS leL;kvkas ij vkèkkfjr mudk gkL;&O;Xa ; ukVd evq kot+s Hkh
NkVs &s NkVs s n'` ;&ifjoruZ kas rFkk iraS hl ik=kkas ds vykok vukFk cPpk]as cLrh okykas vkjS vU; ukxfjdkas dh
HkhM+ ds dkj.k 'kkfS d+;k ukV;~ &nykas ds fy, vlqfoèkktud cu tkrk gAS ;g n[s kdj lpeqp vk'p;Z

gkrs k gS fd vius le; ds jxa deZ ds thora lia dZ eas lrr cus jgus ds ckotnw Hkh"e th vius fdlh
Hkh ukVd eas jxa }kjh i{sz kkxg` vkjS ink±s ds i;z kxs ls dHkh eqDr D;kas ugha gks ld\s ;g vyx ckr gS
fd vius ukV;~ ky[s kkas dh O;k[;k] pfj=kkda u] iLz rqfr&ifjdYiuk] lia knu vkjS ifjoruZ bR;kfn dh

nf` "V ls os vius fun'Zs kdkas ds ifz r lnoS mnkj jgs vkjS mudh jpukRed Lor=a krk dk ge's kk lEeku
djrs jgAs gku'w k dh rjg os Hkh ijw h beZ kunkjh ls ;g ekudj pyrs Fks fd] ^,d ckj tks pht+ cu
x;h] og ejs h dgka jgh] og ¼rk½s lcdh gks x;hA*

ukVddkj&fun'Zs kd ds ijLij lca èa kkas dks yds j mudh nf` "V cgqr lkQ+ vkjS lE;d~ FkhA mUgkuas s
fu%lda kps Lohdkj fd;k gS fd] ^;g foèkk fun'Zs kd dh gAS og eq>ls bl ckjs eas T+;knk tkurk gS fd
fdl <xa ls ukVd iHz kko'kkyh cukdj i's k dj ldrk gAS * Hkh"e th vius ukVd ds iow kHZ ;kl eas

cBS dj ukVddkj }kjk fun'Zs kd dks fun'Zs k ;k ijke'kZ fn;s tkus dks fQ+tyw gh ugha cfYd cnreht+h
Hkh ekurs FkAs dfcjk [kM+k ctkj eas ds n'` ;&l;a kts u] dchj ds vU; dbZ inkas ds leko's k rFkk Hkk"kk
dks yds j fun'Zs kd ,e-d-s juS k us vky[s k eas Hkkjh ifjoruZ fd;s Fks rks ^bIVk* ¼iVuk½ rFkk ^vukfedk*
¼dydÙkk½ ds fun'Zs kdkas ds vuqjkès k ij Lo;a Hkh"e th us ekèkoh ds dqN ilz xa k&as n'` ;kas dks nqckjk Hkh fy[kk
FkkA fu%lna gs Hkh"e lkguh dk jpukdkj O;fDrRo muds y[s kdh; vgda kj ls cgqr cM+k FkkA

420 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

Li"V gS fd Hkh"e lkguh vkèkqfud fgna h jxa &ifjn'` ; ds ,d ifz rfufèk ukVddkj vkjS lfØ;
dk;dZ rkZ FkAs os O;fDr] lekt] èke]Z lLa Ñfr] jktuhfr vkjS bfrgkl ds fj'rkas rFkk vra £ojkès kkas ds
yxHkx oKS kfud fo'y"s kd FkAs thou eas ekDloZ knh Hkh"eth dh opS kfjd ifz rc)rk lkfgR; dks Nrw s
gh rjy gkds j ekuorkoknh cu tkrh FkhA nfyr vkjS 'kkfs "kr oxZ ds ifz r muds eu eas vFkkg d#.kk
vkjS lgkuqHkfw r FkhA muds ukVdkas ds yxHkx lHkh iez q[k ik=k blds xokg gAaS mudh jxa &nf` "V vkèkqfud
Fkh] fdra q cnyrs Q+S'kukas ds lkFk os dHkh ugha cnyAs i;z kxs ds fy, i;z kxs ds fl)kra eas mudh dkbs Z
vkLFkk ugha FkhA lukru vkjS ledkyhu leL;kvkas ,oa folxa fr;kas ij mudh xgjh idM+ FkhA fo"k;]
leL;k] mí's ; vkjS iHz kko dh nf` "V ls muds ukVdkas eas jkps d ofS oè; gAS vkèkqfud fgna h ukV;~ &y[s ku
vkjS jxa deZ ds {k=s k eas mUgkuas s fu'p; gh viuh vyx txg vkjS igpku cuk;h gAS ukVddkj ds
:i eas mudk ;kxs nku egÙoi.w kZ g]S ijra q muds ukVd eyw r% ,d l'kDr dFkkdkj ds ukVd gh gAaS

Hkkjr dh lk>k lLa Ñfr ds irz hd Hkh"e lkguh ,d cM+s y[s kd vkjS 'kk;n mlls Hkh cM+s euq";
FksA

Qksu ua-% 011&26473772

jkia h ls mBh gqbZ vk[a kkas us eq>s
{k.k Hkj VVkys k vkjS fQj
tlS s ifr;krs gq, Loj eas
og gla rs gq, ckys k&&^ckcw th! lp dg&aw
ejs h fuxkg eas
u dkbs Z NkVs k g]S
u dkbs Z cM+k gS
ejs s fy,] gj vkneh ,d tkMs +h trw k gS
tks ejs s lkeus
ejEer ds fy, [kM+k gS

&&/kwfey
^ekps hjke* dfork dk v'a k

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 421

lQ+nj gk'eh

lqgsy gk'eh

;g ys[k lQ+nj dh gR;k ds pan lIrkg ds vanj ,-vkbZ-,y-;w- dh if=kdk ikI;qyj T;wfjLV ds fy, vaxzst+h esa
fy[kk x;k Fkk vkSj bldk vuqokn djus dk fopkj blfy, vk;k fd izxfr'khy lkaLÑfrd vkanksyu dh fojklr
vkSj mldh izklafxdrk ij dsafnzr u;k iFk ds bl Lis'ky uacj esa lkejkt fojksèk dh ml okeiaFkh fojklr dk
ft+Ø djuk lgh yxk ftlus lQ+nj dks tUe fn;k vkSj og blfy, fd lQ+nj chloha lnh ds mÙkjkèkZ ds Hkkjr
eas fodflr gksus okys izxfr'khy vkanksyu ds jpukdkjksa esa ,d vge LFkku j[krk gS vkSj vkt bl vkanksyu dk
izTTofyr izrhd Hkh gSA izLrqr ys[k fujk vuqokn ugha gS] ;g ewy ls dqN gn rd cnyk gqvk gS D;ksafd os phtsa+
tks lQ+nj dh ekSr ds Q+kSju ckn ds ekgkSy esa cgqr fudV gksus ds dkj.k dqN èkqaèkyh ls izrhr gksrh Fkha] vc
dqN T+;knk lkQ+ gksdj fn[kus yxh gSaA ewy ys[k dk fganh vuqokn blfy, Hkh t+:jh yxk fd blesa cgqr dqN
,slk gS tks bl miegk}hi ds vrhr vkSj orZeku ls tqM+k gS vkSj ftl ifjizs{; dks le>uk gekjs orZeku ds
lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; dks le>us esa 'kk;n ennxkj gks ldsA vuqokn djus eas esjh cM+h csVh lkfu;k gk'eh us esjh
cgqr enn dh gS cfYd nks frgkbZ vuqokn dk igyk Mªk¶+V mlh dk fd;k gqvk] lks mldk 'kqfØ;k vnk djrs gq,
;g y[s k vkidh f[kn+ er eas gkftj+ gAS lµ gq ys

gekjs vCcw] guhQ+ gk'eh] us ,d ckj gesa crk;k Fkk fd tc vaxzst+ksa us 1857 dh cx+kor dks dqpy
fn;k] rc mUgksaus fnYyh esa pqu&pqudj cnys ysus 'kq: fd;s vkSj muds fu'kkus ij eqlyeku FksA vaxzst+
bl le> dh cqfu;kn ij dke dj jgs Fks fd D;ksafd cgknqj 'kkg t+Qj eqlyeku Fkk] blfy, mlds
lkFk [kM+s gksus okys Hkh eqlyeku gh jgs gksaxs vkSj blfy, mUgsa lcd+ fl[kkuk t+:jh gSA x+kfyc us
Hkh] tks 1857 ds nl&ckjg cjl ckn rd ft+ank Fks] vius ,d [k+r esa bl ckr dk ft+Ø fd;k gSA

ftu yksxksa ij ;g t+ksj t+cjnLrh dh x;h] muesa ls dqN us ;g Q+Slyk fy;k fd os fQ+jaxh dh
ljdkj dh ukSdjh ugha djsaxsA vCcw us gesa crk;k Fkk fd bl Q+Slys dk vlj ;g gqvk fd eè;oxhZ;
eqlyeku [k+kl rkSj ij fnYyh vkSj mlds vklikl ds bykd+ksa esa jgus okys eqlyekuksa dk cM+k fgLlk
vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj mlds lkFk vkus okyh u;h fopkjèkkjkvksa ls dV x;kA

gekjs vCcw dk [k+kunku ,sls gh [k+kunkuksa esa ls ,d FkkA gekjs ijnknk ,d ekSyoh Fks vkSj vgen
'kkg ckn'kkg dh csx+e dqnfl;k dh cuok;h gqbZ lqugjh efLtn esa cPpksa dks dqjku] vjch vkSj Q+kjlh
dh rkyhe nsrs FksA gekjs [k+kunku esa ljdkjh ukSdjh djus okys igys 'k[+l 'kk;n esjs nknk bnjhl
gk'eh Fks ftUgksaus chloha lnh dh nwljh ngkbZ ds 'kq: esa ,d ljdkjh Ldwy esa vkVZ Vhpj dh rjg
dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA mlls igys os ykgkSj dkWyst vkWQ+ vkVZ esa i<+us Hkh x;sA vaxzst+ksa dh ukSdjh
ls [kq'k ugha Fks vkSj tYn gh bLrhQ+k ns fn;k vkSj d'ehjh njokt+s ds ckt+kj esa QuhZpj cukus dk dke
'kq: fd;kA

gekjs nknk ds cM+s HkkbZ] ekSykuk vgen lbZn] us bLykeh rkyhe nsus dh [+kkunkuh ijaijk dks tkjh
j[kkA os mu vkfyeksa esa ls ,d Fks ftUgksaus tehvr myek&,&fgan dh cqfu;kn j[khA os tehvr ds
422 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

laLFkkid tujy lsØsVjh Fks vkSj ckn esa dbZ cjl rd mlds izsflMsaV Hkh jgsA fganqLrku ds eqlyekuksa
dks vkt+knh dh rgjhd] ftldh vxqokbZ dkaxzsl ikVhZ dj jgh Fkh] ds lkFk tksM+us esa tehvr us dsanzh;
Hkwfedk fuckghA ml oDr tehvr ds dsanzh; usrkvksa esa eq¶+rh fdQ+k;r mYykg] lS¸;n vrk mYykg
'kkg cq[k+kjh] ekSykuk vgen lbZn] ekSykuk fgQ+tqjZgeku] gqlSu enuh oxS+jg FksA

'kk;n lkezkT;okn ds fojksèk dh bl taxtw ijaijk us gh gekjs vCcw dks Hkh dkWyst dh i<+kbZ ds
fnuksa esa gh vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ esa 'kkfey gksus dh izsj.kk nh vkSj os vkWy bafM;k LVqMsaV~l Q+sMjs'ku ds
lnL; cu x;sA dqN gh fnuksa esa cM+s HkkbZ vuhl vkSj NksVs HkkbZ gEen Hkh ,-vkbZ-,l-,Q+- ds esEcj
cu x;sA ckn esa rhuksa gh deqfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL; cus vkSj gekjh nknh ,u-,Q+-vkbZ-MCY;w dh fnYyh
desVh dh izsflMsaV cuha vkSj vDlj cqdkZ igus gq, fnYyh ds inkZ ckx+ esa vkSjrksa dh ehfVaxksa esa rd+jhj
djrh gqbZ ut+j vkrh FkhaA

1942 ds ^Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu* ds nkSjku gekjs vCcw dks pkj cjl dh lt+k gqbZ ftlesa N% eghus
mUgsa dS+ns&rUgkbZ esa j[kk x;kA fdlh ls ckr djus dh Hkh btkt+r ugha FkhA ;g lt+k blfy, nh x;h
fd mUgksaus tsy esa ,d gM+rky djok;h FkhA ns'k ds caVokjs ds lkFk gekjk [+kkunku Hkh caV x;kA
fnYyh eas gkykr cgqr cqjs Fks vkSj bl ckjs esa fopkj gks jgk Fkk fd D;k ikfdLrku tkuk Bhd gksxkA
;g [+k;ky Hkh Fkk fd vxj ekSykuk vgen lbZn ds NksVs HkkbZ dk [k+kunku ikfdLrku pyk x;k rks
yksx D;k dgsaxsA blh nkSjku dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh fnYyh desVh ds lsØsVjh us dgk fd ikfdLrku esa
ikVhZ cgqr det+ksj gS vkSj vki lc ogka pys tk;sa rks ikVhZ dh cgqr enn gks ldrh gSA vkf[k+jdkj
vCcw ds vykok lc ikfdLrku pys x;sA vCcw us ikfdLrku tkus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA

gekjs vCcw vkSj gekjh vEek] d+ej vkt+kn dh eqykd+kr blh rckgh ds ekgkSy esa vthc rjhd+s
ls gqbZ Fkh] caVokjs ds ckn fnYyh esa Hkh txg txg naxs gksus yxs FksA gekjh vEek ds [k+kunku dks
caVokjs ds ckn rhekjiqj ls Hkkxuk iM+k FkkA ml bykd+s esa ruko c<+us yxk Fkk vkSj iM+ksfl;ksa us esjs
ekew ls dgk Fkk fd vc ge vki dh fgQ+kt+r ugha dj ik;saxsA ftl rkaxs esa os yksx iqjkus fd+ys
ds fj¶+;wth dSai ds fy, tk jgs Fks] og mUgsa d'ehjh xsV ij gh mrkj dj okil pyk x;k] D;ksafd
d¶+;wZ dk ,syku gks x;k FkkA esjs pkpk us bu yksxksa dks lM+d ij lkjs lkeku ds lkFk [kM+k ns[kk rks
os mUgsa vius ?kj ys vk;sA os esjs ekew dks igys ls tkurs Fks] bl rjg gekjh vEek dk iwjk [+kkunku
dqN oD+r gekjs nknk&nknh ds ?kj esa jgk vkSj ogha gekjs vEek vCcw us 'kknh djus dk Q+Slyk fd;kA

tc bnjhl gk'eh dk [k+kunku ?kj NksM+ dj iqjkus fd+ys ds fj¶+;wth dSai eas x;k rks gekjh vEek
dk [k+kunku Hkh ogha pyk x;k vkSj ogka ls lc yksx ifdLrku pys x;sA gekjs ppk gehn ds t+fj;s
ikfdLrku esa gekjh vEek Hkh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds laidZ esa vk;ha vkSj tc lS;n lTtkn t+ghj dks irk
pyk fd d+ej vkSj guhQ+ ,d nwljs ls 'kknh djuk pkgrs gSa] rks mUgksaus gekjh vEek dks rS;kj fd;k
fd os fganqLrku tk;sa vkSj guhQ+ dks ikfdLrku ys vk;saA gekjh vEek fnYyh vk;haA gekjs vCcw fnYyh
NksM+ dj tkus dks rS;kj ugha FksA rc gekjh nknh vkSj rkbZ ykgkSj ls vk;ha vkSj mUgksaus bu nksuksa dh
'kknh djok nh] ;g 1948 dh ckr gS

caVokjs ds ckn ds fnu cM+h eqf'dyksa ds fnu FksA ml ruko vkSj 'kd Hkjs ekgkSy esa eqlyekuksa
ls ysu nsu vkSj dkjksckj ds fj'rs j[kus okys de gh Fks] dbZ yksxksa dh ut+jsa gekjs d'ehjh xsV ds
?kj ij FkhaA gkykafd gekjs vCcw ogka jgrs Fks ij mls ikfdLrkfu;ksa dh laifr crk dj ljdkj us vius

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 423

dCt+s esa dj fy;kA dbZ eghus dh Hkkx nkSM+ ds ckn ?kj nqckjk okil feykA rc rd gekjs vCcw ;gka

ogka jgrs jgsA gekjs eka cki dh 'kknh ds ckn Hkh ijs'kkuh vkSj raxnLrh ds ;s gkykr cjd+jkj jgsA
dkjksckj can gks x;kA dt+Znkjksa ls cpus ds fy, vCcw Nqirs fQjrs Fks vkSj fQj 1952 esa MkDVj t+kfdj
gqlSu ds cqykos ij vCcw vyhx<+ pys x;s] rkfd ogka u;s fljs ls ft+anxh 'kq: dh tk ldsA gkykr

yxHkx oSls gh jgs vkSj fQj 1955 esa vEek vkSj ge pkj HkkbZ cgu lchgk] eSa] 'ksgyk vkSj nl eghus
dk lQ+nj lc vyhx<+ pys x;sA 'kcue vyhx<+ esa 1956 esa iSnk gqbZA

tc 'kcue iSnk gqbZ] rc ge lc ,d dejs ds ,d edku esa jgrs FksA vDlj ,d oD+r dk

Hkj isV [kkuk ulhc gksrkA ge lc ds ikl Ldwy dh ;wfuQ+keZ dk ,d ,d tksM+k gh Fkk tks gj fnu
Ldwy ls ykSV dj /kqyrk vkSj vxys fnu iguk tkrkA eSa vkSj lQ+nj ,d gh Ldwy esa i<+rs FksA nksuksa
ds ikl ,d gh ft;ksesVªh ckWDl Fkk vkSj ftl fnu nksuksa dh ft;ksesVªh Dykl ,d gh oD+r gksrh rks

eSa Ldwy ls Hkkx tkrk Fkk] D;ksafd Dykl ls ckgj fudky fn;s tkus dh csbT+trh eq> ls cnkZ'r ugha
gksrh FkhA

esjh cM+h cgu lchgk 1945 esa iSnk gqbZ] eSa 1950 esa] 'ksgyk 1952 esa iSnk gqbZ vkSj 'kcue 1957

esaA blh nkSjku ¼1952&60½ vEek us igys ekaVhljh vkSj fQj ch, dh i<+kbZ iwjh dh] lQ+nj ekaVhljh
ds ckn vkSj ch-,- ls igys 1954 esa iSnk gqvkA ge brus lkjs cPpksa dks ikyus vkSj ?kj ds lkjs dke
djus ds lkFk lkFk vEek us ;g lc dSls fd;k gksxk] ;g esjh le> ls ckgj gS] exj mUgksaus fd;kA
eLr vkSj Hkjiwj cpiu
bu lc dfe;ksa ds ckotwn ge lcus th Hkj dj ft+anxh dk et+k fy;kA ge [kqn vius [ksy bZtkn
djrs vkSj eLRk jgrsA eksgYys ds cPpksa ds lkFk fey dj gekjh ,d cgqr cM+h Vksyh FkhA ge pkanuh
jkrksa esa nsj jkr rd [ksyk djrsA iM+ksl ds eksgYys ds cPpksa dh Vksyh ls ge lc feydj ekj ihV

Hkh djrs] vkSj vklikl ds ve:n vkSj vke ds ckx+ksa ls fnu esa vkSj jkrksa esa Hkh Qy pqjk dj ykus
ds eqd+kcys djrsA

cpiu ds dbZ okd+;s eq>s vPNh rjg ;kn gSa vkSj eq>s ;d+hu gS fd os lQ+nj dh ;knksa dk Hkh

fgLlk FksA
tc ge Qy ugha pqjk jgs gksrs Fks ;k yM+ ugha jgs gksrs Fks] rc ge ukVd rS;kj djrs vkSj lkjs

iM+ksl dks bdB~Bk dj ds mls csapksa ds eap ij is'k djrsA vkyw ds Nkis cuk dj ,d&,d ;k nks&nks
vkus ds fVdV Nkis tkrs tks n'kZdks dks [k+jhnus iM+rsA ut+hj vdcjkcknh ds e'kgwj ukVd vkxjk
ckt+kj ds ,d lhu dk eapu geus fd;kA feV~Vh dh ddfM+;ka cuk;h x;ha] lq[kk;h x;ha vkSj fQj
jaxh x;ha] dkxt+ dh NksVh NksVh iraxsa cuhaA ,d cPpk Hkkyw cuk] ,d Hkkyw okyk vkSj vkxjk ckt+kj

ltk;k x;k] lQ+nj rc 'kk;n pkj lky dk Fkk vkSj mlus Hkh ,d jksy fd;k FkkA
ge lc dks x+kfyc] Q+St+] etkt+ et:g] tT+ch oxS+jk ds lSdMksa 'ksj eqagt+ckuh ;kn Fks] vkSj

blfy, fd vCcw gj oD+r 'ksj xquxquk;k djrs Fks] mUgsa lqurs&lqurs vkSj mudh ud+y djrs djrs

vufxur 'ksj gesa ;kn gks x;s vkSj ;g ml oD+r tc gesa viuk uke Hkh <ax ls fy[kuk ugha vkrk
FkkA gekjk ?kj ges'kk fdrkcksa ls Hkjk jgrk FkkA geus dksg dkQ+ dh ifj;ksa ds fd+Llksa ls ysdj 'kk;jh
vkSj vQ+lkus vkSj ukosy lc gh i<+ fy;s FksA cgqr ls le> Hkh ugha vk;s ij fQj Hkh i<+ fy;sA
izkbejh Ldwy [k+Re djrs djrs geus xksdhZ dh eka i<+ yh FkhA pVxkao ds bUd+ykfc;ksa] elyu ekLVj
424 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

nk] dYiuk nÙk] x.ks'k ?kks"k] izhrh yrk oknnkj vkSj VSxksj dh dgkfu;ka geus bruh ckj i<+h Fkha fd gesa
os iwjh rjg ;kn gks x;h FkhaA blh nkSjku ge us Ñ'upanj dh ge og'kh gSa] bLer pqx+rkbZ dh ft+íh vkjS
V<s +h ydhj] izsepan dh cgqr lh dgkfu;ka vkSj jru ukFk lj'kkj dh Q+lkuk&,&vkt+kn Hkh i<+ yh FkhA

vCcw ds nkLs rkas esa I;kjk flga lgjkbZ FkAs vEek us mUgas jk[kh ckèa kh Fkh vkjS os gh gekjs ekew Fk]s D;kfas d

vlyh ekew rks ikfdLRkku vkSj baXySaM esa Fks] rks lgjkbZ th gh gekjs ekew FksA os gj tkM+s esa fnYyh ls
vyhx<+ vkrs vkSj nl ianzg fnu gekjs lkFk jgrsA lgjkbZ th cpiu esa gh Q+kfyt dk f'kdkj gks x;s
Fks vkSj pyuk fQjuk muds fy, vklku ugha Fkk] exj gj tkM+s ds ekSle esa os <sj lkjs fpyxkst+s vkSj

dgkfu;ksa dh fdrkcsa ys dj vk tkrs vkSj ge ?kaVksa mUgsa ?ksjs cSBs jgrsA lgjkbZ th flQ+Z iatkch esa ckr
djrs FksA mudh vkèkh ckrsa gekjh le> esa ugha vkrha Fkha] ij os ge lc ls cgqr I;kj djrs Fks vkSj
gesa os cgqr vPNs yxrs FksA os fdrus i<+s fy[ks Fks vkSj fdruk dke mUgksaus iatkc esa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds

fy, fd;k Fkk] bldk vankt+k rks cgqr ckn esa yksxksa dks gqvk] tc ;g irk pyk fd Das Capital dk
iatkch vuqokn lgjkbZ th us fd;k FkkA

vCcw ds nwljs nksLr vkfny lkgsc FksA os Hkh ,d nks ckj ge yksxksa ls feyus vyhx<+ vk;sA os

tsy esa vCcw ds lkFk FksA nksuksa us Hkw[k gM+rky Hkh lkFk dh Fkh vkSj vkfny lkgsc dks tc t+cjnLrh
ukd ds jkLrs V~;wc ls f[kyk;k x;k rks mudh ukd dh ulsa ges'kk ds fy, ?kk;y gks x;ha vkSj fdlh
Hkh oD+r muesa ls [kwu cgus yxrk FkkA vkfny lkgsc ges'kk <sjksa #bZ vius lkFk ys dj pyk djrs

FksA os ckM+k fganwjko ds ikl 'kQ+hd eseksfj;y Ldwy ds fizafliy FksA
tks fdrkcsa ge us i<+ha] ftu yksxksa ls ge feys] tks fd+Lls geus lqus vkSj ftl bZekunkjh ls gekjs

eka cki ft;s] ml lc us ge ij ,d xgjh Nki NksM+h] ft+anxh reke rjg dh eqlhcrksa ls f?kjh Fkh

exj geus mls fta+nkfnyh ls thus dk xqj vius eka cki ls lh[kkA
gekjs Ldwy esa et+gch rkyhe eqlyeku cPpksa ds fy, ykt+eh FkhA ge ikapksa bl ekeys esa cgqr

tkfgy Fks vkSj gekjs Vhpj gesa dkfQ+jksa dh vkSyknsa dgk djrs Fks] gekjs Vhpj bu ckrksa ls ijs'kku gksrs

Fks] exj gesa dksbZ [+kkl rdyhQ+ mudh bl ijs'kkuh ls ugha gksrh FkhA
,d ckj ,d ewaxQyh cspus okyk gekjs eksgYys esa vk;k] eSa Hkkxk gqvk vEek th ds ikl x;k

vkSj muls pkj vkus ekaxsA vEek Hkkx dj xqly[kkus esa pyh x;ha vkSj ,d rkSfy;s esa eqag Nqik dj

jksus yxhaA eSaus 'kk;n igyh ckj vEek dks jksrs gq, ns[kk Fkk] eSa ml oD+r 'kk;n N&lkr lky dk Fkk
vkSj lQ+nj nks&rhu lky dkA bl okd+;s ds ckn cgqr fnu rd geus vEek ls fdlh pht+ dh
Q+ekZb'k ugha dhA
lkaiznkf;d naxk
vDVwcj 1961 esa vyhx<+ esa cgqr cM+k lkaiznkf;d naxk gqvk] cgqr ls yksx ekjs x;s] ftuesa ls cgqr
cM+h rknkn eqlyekuksa dh FkhA nl&ianzg yksx ,d&,d d+cz esa nQ+uk;s x;sA gekjk Ldwy rhu g¶+rs

rd can jgkA lkjs 'kgj esa d¶+;Zw yxk FkkA jkr Hkj ph[k+us] yksxksa ds Hkkxus nkSM+us vkSj xksfy;ka pyus
dh vkoktsa+ vkrh jgrh Fkha vkSj bl lc ds chp gekjs vCcw Fks tks eksgYys ds mxz yksxksa dks HkM+dus
vkSj HkM+dkus ls jksdrs] jkr dks eksgYys esa igjk yxokrs vkSj gj fnu d¶+;Zw [kqyrs gh viuh lkbfdy

ij ;wfuo£lVh tkrs] mu bykd+ksa ls xqt+jrs gq, tgka lc ls T+;knk ywV ekj vkSj vkxt+uh dh okjnkrsa
gqbZ FkhaA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 425

ftl fnu naxs HkM+ds Fks ml fnu ge cgqr nsj rd Ldwy esa gh Qals jgsA fQj vCcw ds ,d nksLr

dh thi esa ?kj tkus ds fy, fudysA jkLrs esa jsyos ykbu ikj djus ds fy, ,d iqy Fkk tks dB iqys
ds uke ls e'kgwj FkkA iqy ds ,d rjQ+ fganw cLrh Fkh vkSj nwljh rjQ+ eqlyekuksa dh c+LrhA iqy
ds uhps naxkb;ksa us ,d jsyxkM+h dks ?ksj j[kk Fkk vkSj nk<+h okys [khap [khap dj mrkjs tk jgs Fks vkSj

ogha mudk dke reke fd;k tk jgk FkkA dqN naxkb;ksa us thi dks igpku fy;k vkSj feV~Vh ds rsy
ds duLrj ys dj thi dh rjQ+ nkSM+sA thi ds MªkbZoj dh QqrhZ us gesa cpk fy;k] ojuk ge lc x;s
Fks ml fnu] mlh fnu ge us iqfyl dh fujis{krk dk uTt+kjk Hkh fd;kA ;g og oD+r gS tc esjh

cM+h cgu lchgk vHkh rsjg o"kZ dh Hkh ugha gqbZ Fkh vkSj ge lc rks vkSj Hkh NksVs FksA
rks ;g lc Fkk gekjs pkjksa rjQ+A ;s Fkha os phtsa+ ftUgksaus gekjh lksp] gekjs joS;s vkSj gekjh ft+anxh

dh Mxj r; dhA ge csgrjhu fdrkcksa ls f?kjs jgrs Fks] ,d Hkjiwj ft+anxh thrs Fks] blds ckotwn

fd gekjs ikl u rks vPNs diM+s Fks] u os f[kykSus tks gekjs lkjs nksLrksa ds ikl Fks vkSj u gekjs ikl
ges'kk isV Hkj ;k gekjh et+hZ dk [kkuk gksrk FkkA ge us ns[kk fd et+gc dh dV~Vjrk fdl rjg
NksVs&NksVs cPpksa dh le> ij gkoh gksrh tk jgh gSA ge us ;g Hkh ns[kk ds og cM+ksa ls D;k djok

ldrh gS] vkSj bl lcds chp ge us lh[kk fd nwljs jkLrs Hkh gSa] ,sls lekt Hkh gSa tgka balku vius
reke èkk£ed erHksnksa ds ckotwn Hkw[k vkSj x+jhch ls vkt+kn ,d nwljs ds lkFk [kq'kh ls th ldrs
gSaA

,d tSls gh ekgkSy esa cM+s gksus ds ckotwn ge lc eq[+rfyQ+ flErksa esa c<+s] lQ+nj eksgYys esa
lcdk pghrk FkkA og nks rhu lky dh mez ls gh gj lqcg eksgYys dk pDdj yxkus fudy tkrk
vkSj Ms<+ nks ?kaVs ckn okil vkrkA tgka tkrk ogka ls mls dqN f[kyk fiykdj Hkstk tkrkA rhu lky

dk gksrs og cgqr vPNh rLohjsa cukus yxk FkkA tc mlus Ldwy tkuk 'kq: fd;k rks mls fl[kk;k
x;k fd igkM+ frdksus gksrs gSa vkSj mUgsa QqVs dh enn ls cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj og rLohjsa cukuk yxHkx
Hkwy gh x;kA fnYyh okil vkus ds dbZ lky ckn tc og 'kk;n vkBoha ;k ukSoha Dykl esa Fkk rc

mlus nqckjk rLohjsa cukuk 'kq: fd;kA
[+k;ky dh ijokt+
yxHkx pkj lky dh mez ls gh lQ+nj us [+k;kyksa dh ,d iwjh nqfu;k rS;kj djuh 'kq: dj nh Fkh

vkSj og gj ,d dks ml nqfu;k eSa ys tkus ds fy, rS;kj jgrk FkkA ml us ,d ckj gesa crk;k fd
ml dh nksLrh ,d Hkwr ds lkFk gks x;h gSA ;g Hkwr dBiqys ds ikl jgrk Fkk vkSj jkr esa lQ+nj
ls feyus vkrk FkkA dqN fnuksa ckn mlus vCcw ls fcLdqV dk ,d iSfdV ykus dks dgkA vCcw 'kke

dks n¶+rj ls ykSVrs gq, fcLdqV ykuk Hkwy x;sA lQ+nj ds iwNus ij vCcw us dgk ^csVs] eSa ys dj
rks vk jgk Fkk ij ogha fcLdqV dh nqdku ds ckgj eq>s ,d Hkwr feyk vkSj mlus eq> ls fcLdqV Nhu
fy;sA eSaus mlls dgk fd ;g eSa vius csVs lQ+nj ds fy, ys dj tk jgk gwa rks og ;g cksyk] eSa

lQ+nj dk nksLr gwa] mlls dguk eSaus ys fy;sA* lQ+nj dqN ugha cksyk vkSj pqipki lksus pyk x;kA
vxys fnu mlus ,syku fd;k fd dy jkr dks mlds Hkwr dks cgqr tksj dk cq[+kkj gks x;k Fkk vkSj
og ml cq[+kkj dh otg ls ej x;k gSA

tc 1964 esa ge yksx nsgyh vk;s rks ge lc dk nkf[+kyk vyx vyx Ldwyksa esa gqvkA lQ+nj
dk nkf[+kyk ,u-Mh-,e-lh ds Ldwy esa gqvk vkSj ikapoha ikl dj ds og cs;MZ jksM ds Mh-,-oh Ldwy
426 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

esa HkrhZ gqvkA ;gka vk;Z lekt dh èkk£ed f'k{kk ysuk lc ds fy, ykt+eh FkkA lQ+nj Ldwy esa vdsyk

eqlyeku yM+dk Fkk vkSj mls vk;Zlekt ds ckjs esa dqN irk ugha FkkA iafMr th ml ls fcYdqy [kq'k
ugha FksA lQ+nj us Q+Slyk fd;k fd og mUgsa fn[kk nsxk fd og fdlh ls de ugha vkSj ml cjl
ml us èkk£ed Kku ds isij esa lkjs Ldwy esa lcls T+;knk uEcj gkfly fd;sA nsgyh dUuMk Ldwy

ls X;kjgoha dk bErsgku ikl djds lQ+nj us lsaV LVhQsal dkWyst esa nkf[k+yk fy;kA og viuh Dykl
esa lh-ch-,l-lh- dk vdsyk Nk=k Fkk] ckd+h lc ifCyd Ldwy ds i<+s gq, FksA lQ+nj ds Vhpj vkSj
ckn esa dkWyst ds fizafliy] MCY;w ,l jktiky ges'kk ifCyd Ldwyksa dh cM+kbZ djrs vkSj dgrs fd

lh-ch-,l-lh-cksMZ esa rks Q+LVZ fMfot+u irk ugha dSls dSls yksxksa dks fey tkrh gSA ;gka fQj lQ+nj
dks fn[kkuk Fkk fd og ,slk oSlk ugha gS vkSj mldk fy[kk gqvk fucaèk lc ls csgrj ik;k x;kA

tYn gh lQ+nj dk eu dkWyst dh >wBh 'ks[+kh ekjus dh vknr ls mpkV gks x;kA rhu lky og

dkWyst esa jgk t+:j] exj mlds nksLr ogka ,d nks gh Fks] og dkyst flQ+Z Dyklsa vVsaM djus tkrk
ckd+h oD+r og ;k rks ,l-,Q+-vkbZ dk dke djrk ;k ,l-,Q+-vkbZ dh ukVd eaMyh esaA ckn esa
lQ+nj us lqHkk"k R;kxh] jkds'k lDlsuk] v#.k 'kekZ] mn; pVthZ oxS+jg ds lkFk bIVk esa dke djuk

'kq: fd;k] gekjh cgu 'ksgyk Hkh bl oD+r rd ukVdksa esa f'kjdr djus yxh FkhA lQ+nj vkSj
eksyks;Jh dh eqykd+kr Hkh igys igy ;gha gqbZA ekyk ml le; dkyst esa i<+ jgh Fkh vkSj viuh
eka ls feyus vkrh FkhA ekyk dh eka dkejsM vi.kkZ jkW; ftUgsa lc vi.kkZ nh dgrs Fks] cgqr yacs

le; ls bIVk esa lfØ; FkhaA ekyk dk ifjokj Hkh ,d dE;qfuLV ifjokj Fkk vkSj ekyk ds firk dkejsM
ts-lh-jkW; fjt+oZ cSad dh ;wfu;u ds e'kgwj usrk FksA bIVk us ukStokuksa ds bl xzqi ij ncko Mkyuk
'kq: fd;k fd dkxzsl ikVhZ ds eap ij Hkh tkuk pkfg, vkSj rc ;s lkjs ukStoku bIVk ls vyx gks

x;s vkSj 1973 esa bUgksaus feydj tue ;kuh tu ukV~; eap dh cqfu;kn MkyhA
x<+oky ;wfuo£lVh
,e-, [k+Re djus ds ckn lQ+nj us rhu eghus nsgyh dyst esa yho osdsalh ij dke fd;kA fganh

ds e'k+gwj ys[kd Hkh"e lguh tks lQ+nj ds Vhpj Hkh jgs Fks ml oD+r vaxzt+h foHkkx ds vè;{k FksA
'kk;n blh nkSjku lQ+nj vkSj Hkh"e th dh nksLrh gqbZ tks lkaiznkf;drk fojksèkh vfHk;ku vkSj fnYyh
ds vlaxfBr et+nwjksa ds fy, U;wure osru ds la?k"kZ esa bruh xgjh gqbZ fd lQ+nj dh gR;k ds ckn

Hkh"e th ^lger* ls yxkrkj tqM+s jgs vkSj vius vkf[+kjh oD+r rd ^lger* vè;{k dh lkjh
ft+Eesnkfj;ka fuckgrs jgsA

cgjgky] lQ+nj dh ft+anxh dh ?kVukvksa dk ft+Ø gks jgk FkkA og fnYyh dkyst ls fudy dj

cl LVS.M igqapkA ogka ,d cqt+xZ ls eqykd+kr gqbZA ckr ckr esa crk pyk fd os 'kgj ds bl bykds+
ls ukokfd+Q+ gSa vkSj oSls Hkh ckgj ls vk;s gSaA lQ+nj muds lkFk mudh cl esa x;k vkSj tgka mUgsa
tkuk Fkk] ogka rd muds lkFk x;kA jkLrs esa ckrphr gksrh jgh vkSj ml cqtqxZ dks irk pyk fd lQ+nj

vaxzst+h esa ,e , dj ds yho oSdalh ij dke dj jgk gS vkSj og Hkh [+kRe gksus okyh gSA cqtqxZ us
dgk] x<+oky esa Jhuxj esa ,d u;h ;wfuo£lVh [kqyh gSA eSa mldk okbl pkalyj gwaA gesa vaxzst+h
ds vPNs mLrknksa dh t+:jr gSA rqe vIykbZ djksA lQ+nj us nj[+okLr Hksth] mls cqyk;k x;k vkSj

mldh fu;qfDr Hkh gks x;hA
x<+oky ;wfuo£lVh ,d yach yM+kbZ ds ckn [kqyh Fkh] yM+kbZ dh 'kq#vkr ,d eafnj us dh Fkh vkSj

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 427

vc os pkgrs Fks fd ;wfuo£lVh ds iz'kklfud Q+Slys Hkh fcuk mudh lgefr ds u fy;s tk;saA os

lQ+nj dh fu;qfDr ls ukjkt+ Fks vkSj igys gh fnu dqN yM+dksa dks i<+k fy[kk dj Dykl esa xM+cM+
djus Hkst fn;kA ,d igyoku tSls yM+ds us dgk ^lj th] fganh esa i<+kvks thA* lQ+nj tkurk Fkk
fd vxj og nc x;k rks og x<+oky esa fVd ugha ik;sxkA og ;g Hkh tkurk Fkk fd og bl igyoku

ls >xM+k Hkh eksy ugha ys ldrkA mlus le>kus ds vankt+ esa dgk fd ns[kks HkkbZ] vaxzst+h rks vaxzst+h
esa gh i<+kbZ tk ldrh gS] fganh esa ughaA igyoku us fQj] bl ckj t+jk èkedh ds ygts esa] dgk] ^ns[k
yks xq#th] i<+kuh rks fganh esa gh iM+sxhA* lQ+nj us Dykl dk ,d tk;tk fy;k] ,d Hkkjh&ls ftLe

ds yM+ds ls dgk] bls mBk dj ckgj Qsad nksA nwljk yM+dk [kM+k gh gqvk Fkk fd igyk cSB x;kA
Dykl 'kq: gks x;hA lQ+nj us vkjke dh lkal yhA dqN nsj esa mldh fny dh èkM+dus Hkh d+kcw esa
vk x;haA 'kke dks Dykl [k+Re djds og 'kgj esa vius dejs ij igqapk rks ns[kk fd og igyoku&uqek

yM+dk ihB ihNs gkFk fd;s [kM+k gS vkSj mldk bart+kj dj jgk gSA lQ+nj fiVus dh rS;kjh djus yxkA
exj ml yM+ds us dgk] ^xq# th] ekQ dj nks th* vkSj ihB ihNs ls nks cM+h cM+h eNfy;ka fudkyrs
gq, cksyk] ^;g vkids fy, yk;k gwa] xq# thA vHkh vHkh vyduank ls idM+h gSaA*

lQ+nj us yxHkx nks cjl x<+oky esa i<+k;k] exj mls ml fnu ds ckn dHkh dksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha
gqbZ] mlds i<+k;s gq, dqN cPpksa us x<+oky esa ,l-,Q+-vkbZ cuokus esa cgqr enn dhA

dke 'kq: djus ds ,d nks g¶+rs ckn fMikVZesaV ds izeq[k us lQ+nj dks cqyk;k vkSj mlls dgk]

^vki dy ls 'kwt+ igu dj vk;k dhft,A ;wfuo£lVh fMikVZesaV ds ysDpjj dks pIiy igu dj ?kweuk
'kksHkk ugha nsrkA* lQ+nj ds ikl iSls ugha Fks vkSj mlus ,p-vks-Mh ls ;g ckr dghA mUgksaus dgk]
^eSa ugha tkurk( Hkh[k ekaxks] pksjh djks] mèkkj yks] exj dy ls twrs igu dj vkvksA*

lQ+nj LVkQ+ :e esa x;k] mlus nwljs Vhpjksa dks lkjh ckr crk;h vkSj muls pans dh vihy dh]
lkFk esa ;g Hkh dgk fd pank jkf'k nl iSls ls vfèkd u gksA mlus vius Nk=kksa ls Hkh enn dh vihy
dh vkSj muds lkeus Hkh nl iSls dh 'krZ j[k nhA 'kke dks Jhuxj x<+oky ds cM+s ckt+kj esa ;wfuo£lVh

ds bafXy'k fMikVZesaV ds Nk=kksa us ,d&,d nwdku ij tk dj pank fd;kA os lc dks crk Hkh jgs Fks
fd pank muds xq# th ds fy, twrs [k+jhnus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gS D;ksafd foHkkxkè;{k us dgk gS
fd pIiy igu dj ;wfuo£lVh ugha vk ldrsA ckt+kj can gksrs gksrs 2 iSls 4 iSls vkSj 20 iSls ds

flDdksa dk <sj tek gks x;kA dqy 60 #i;s ls vfèkd FksA 40 #i;s ds dSuol ds twrs [k+jhns x;s]
20 #i;s ls LVkQ+ dks twrs [k+jhnus dh [kq'kh esa pk; fiyk;h x;hA gSM lkgsc dks vxys fnu lqcg
twrs fn[kk;s x;sA pans dh nkLrka mu rd igqap pqdh Fkh] os cgqr 'k£eank Fks vkSj gk'eh xq# th Jhuxj

'kgj ds pghrs cu x;s FksA
pkgs og fdruk Hkh dek jgk gks] lQ+nj ds ikl dHkh iSlk ugha jgrk FkkA tc og x<+oky esa

Fkk] rc 300 #i;s j[k dj ckd+h lkjk iSlk vEek ds ikl Hkst fn;k djrk FkkA mu 300 #i;ksa ls

og dejs dk fdjk;k nsrk FkkA rhu ysDpjj ,d dejs esa jgrs FksA dejs ds fdjk;s ds vykok [kkuk]
flxjsV] pk;] v[k+ckj] fnYyh vkus dk cl dk fdjk;k vkSj vCcw ds fy, x<+oky dh e'kgwj cky
feBkbZ ds ,d iSfdV dk lkjk [k+pkZ Hkh mUgha rhu lkS #i;ksa ls iwjk djrk FkkA vCcw lQ+nj ds ikl

dqN fnu jg dj vk;s FksA ogha mUgksaus cky feBkbZ igyh ckj [kk;h FkhA mUgsa cgqr vPNh yxh Fkh
vkSj os mldh Q+ekZb'k djrs FksA

428 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vius thou ds vkf[+kjh fnuksa esa lQ+nj us igys ls dgha T+;knk dek;k] ij mldk cM+k fgLlk
mlus vEek ds ?kj dh fd+Lrsa pqdkus esa [k+pZ dj fn;kA lQ+nj dh ekSr ds dqN oD+r ckn vEek ds

ikl ,d [+kr vk;kA ;g [k+r x<+oky ls mlds ,d nksLr us fy[kk FkkA mlus fy[kk fd tc og
chekj Fkk rks lQ+nj us mls N% lkS #i;s fn;s Fks tks og mldh ft+anxh esa okil ugha dj ik;k vkSj
mlus fy[kk fd og fdLrksa esa mUgsa okil djsxkA

lQ+nj Jhuxj x<+oky ls Jhuxj d'ehj pyk x;kA blh nkSjku vCcw dh ekSr dSalj ls gks x;h
vkSj lQ+nj dbZ fnuksa rd cgqr xqelqe jgkA gka] mlus bl nkSjku vEek dks [+kr cgqr eqLrSnh ls
fy[ksA d'ehj esa mlus eap ukVd 'kq: fd;s vkSj ;wfuo£lVh ds yM+ds yM+fd;ksa dks lkFk ys dj tks

ukVd mlus djok;s] mudh cgqr fnu rd ppkZ jghA
tc lQ+nj d'ehj esa Fkk] mlh nkSjku ekyk ls nqckjk laidZ cukA ekyk d'ehj esa Ldwyh f'k{kk

ij ,d izkstsDV esa dke dj jgh FkhA bUgh fnuksa lQ+nj vkSj ekyk us 'kknh djus dk Q+Slyk fd;kA

lQ+nj ,d nks lky ckn fnYyh okil vk x;kA ekyk dk dke Hkh d'ehj esa [+kRe gks x;k Fkk vkSj
fnYyh okil vkus ds dqN le; ckn nksuksa us 'kknh dj yhA

lQ+nj dks fdrkcksa ls I;kj Fkk vkSj ;g gksuk ykt+eh Hkh FkkA mls os yksx ilan ugha Fks tks fdrkcsa

ysdj okil ugha djrs FksA ,d ckj mlus esjh ,d fdrkc vius fdlh tkudkj ds ikl ns[khA lQ+nj
us mlls dgk] ^;g fdrkc lqgsy dh gSA eq>s ns nks] ;g eSa ml rd igqapk nwaxkA* mlus dgk] ^EkSaus
;g fdrkc lgqsy ls ugha yh gS vkSj eSa mls ugha nwaxkA* lQ+nj us cM+h dksf'k'k dh] ij mls jkt+h djus

esa dke;kc ugha gqvk vkSj eq>ls bl ckr dk ft+Ø djrs oD+r rd og dkQ+h ukjkt+ FkkA
lc dk pgsrk
lQ+nj cgqr vklkuh ls nksLr cuk ysrk Fkk vkSj nksLrh fuckgus dk d+k;y FkkA og lc nksLrksa ds
gkypky dh [+kcj j[krkA muds dke vkSj dSfj;j ds ckjs esa Hkh mlh fQ+Ø jgrh vkSj tgka rd gks
ldrk] og mudh enn djrk vkSj lc ls cM+h ckr ;g Fkh fd mlds ikl lcds fy, oD+r FkkA

mlds nksLrksa dk nk;jk cgqr cM+k FkkA mlesa vyx vyx #fp;ka j[kus okys yksx FksA nksLrksa esa lSdM+ksa
i=kdkj Fks] u;s fluek ls tqM+s yksx Fks] cgqr ls dykdkj] ukVddkj vkSj cgqr ls izkè;kid Fks] x<+oky
esa] d'ehj esa vkSj fnYyh esaA mlds nksLrksa dk nk;jk 'kk;n blfy, bruk cM+k Fkk fd yksxksa dh rjQ+

mldk joS;k vke yksxksa ds joS;kas ls dkQ+h vyx FkkA vc felky ds rkSj ij vxj esjh vkSj lQ+nj
dh ckr ,sls yksxksa ds ckjs esa gks jgh gksrh ftUgsa ge nksuksa tkurs Fks] rks ckrphr dqN bl rjg dh
gksrh% eSa 'kk;n dgrk fd Qyka 'k[+l cM+k datwl gS ;k og nwljk viuh gh rkjhQ+sa djrk jgrk gSA

vkSj lQ+nj 'kk;n ;g dgrk] gks ldrk gS] exj mldh vkokt+ cgqr vPNh gS] og cgqr vPNk Vhpj]
cgqr vPNk ,DVj ;k cgqr vPNk dqN vkSj gSA mlesa gj balku esa dqN u dqN vPNk <wa<+ ysus vkSj
fQj mlh xq.k ds gokys ls ml balku ls fj'rk tksM+us dh vikj {kerk FkhA

esjk [+k;ky gS fd lQ+nj dh blh [+kkfl;r dh otg ls mlds brus cgqr ls nksLr Fks vkSj D;ksafd
mlds fj'rs yksxksa ls fopkjksa ds Lrj ij curs Fks] blfy, mlds nksLrksa esa ls cgqrksa us mls bruk [kqy
dj viuk I;kj fn;k vkSj nsrs jgsaxs] vc lQ+nj dh txg ml [+k;ky dks ftl dh uqekabnxh vc

lQ+nj djrk gS&&bt+gkj dh vkt+knh dk gd+ vkSj os ;g bl ckr ds ckotwn djsaxs fd muesa ls cgqr
ls ml dh jktuhfr ls lger ugha Fks vkSj uu;mklidFsk uvkV~;tdueoZ jlh&sAtwu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 429

lQ+nj tks dqN dke 'kq: djrk Fkk og mlds gj,d igyw dks le>us vkSj ij[kus dh iwjh dksf'k'k

djrk FkkA tc mlus rLohj [khapuk 'kq: fd;k rks og flQZ+ dSejk ysdj cVu nckus ij ugha #dk
cfYd mlus MkdZ :e esa fQ+Ye èkksuk] fiazV cukuk vkSj ,uyktZ djuk Hkh lh[kkA

tc mlus izsl bafLVV~;wV vkWQ+ bafM;k dh eSxt+hu dks ,fMV djuk 'kq: fd;k rks mlus Vkbi

vkSj Q+kaV le>s] dEiksfta+x vkSj fMt+kbZu djuk lh[kk] IysV esfdax lh[kh ;kuh izwQ+ ns[kus ls ist esfdax
rd lc dqN lh[kkA og bl ckr ls bruk izHkkfor Fkk fd lR;ftr jk; us viuh ,d eSxt+hu ds
fy, ,d u;k QkaV cuk;k Fkk tks vkt jk; jkseu ds uke ls e'kgwj gSA

mlus lSdM+ksa iksLVj fMt+kbZu fd;s] vkQ+lsV e'khu pykus okyksa ls nksLrh dh vkSj vyx vyx
rjg ds dkx+t+ksa dks bLrseky djus ds Q+k;ns vkSj uqd+lku le>sA og ftl lgtrk ls ukVd ds fy,
xhr vkSj MkW;ykx fy[krk Fkk mlh lgtrk ls og izsl foKfIr;ka Hkh fy[k ysrk FkkA

og [kqn dqN 'kq: dj nsrk vkSj fQj nwljksa ls gkFk caVkus ds fy, dgrkA vkSj 'kk;n blhfy,]
ftu esa tks'k dh dqN deh gksrh ;k flQ+Z lqLr gksrs] og mudks Hkh 'kkfey djus esa dk;;kc gks tkrkA
tkM+s dh jkrksa esa iksLVj yxkrs oD+r BaMh ybZ esa igys og gkFk Mkyrk vkSj fQj fdlh vkSj ls dgrk]

lM+d ikj cSuj ckaèkrs oDr igys lh<+h ;k nhokj ij og p<+rk vkSj fQj fdlh vkSj ls nwljk fljk
mBkus dks dgrkA

lQ+nj 1970 esa tuoknh vkanksyu ls tqM+k] 17 cjl mlh jkLrs ij pyk] bu 17 cjlksa esa ls

rsjg cjl og Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekDlZoknh½ dk lnL; jgk] viuh vkf[k+jh lkal rdA mlus
tuoknh vkanksyu vkSj ikVhZ ds fy, viuh NksVh&lh ft+anxh esa ftruk dj fy;k og mlls nqxuh mez
okys cgqrksa ds fy, eqf'dy gksrk gSA

uqDdM+ ukVd dh foèkk esa fopkj vkSj O;ogkj ds eSnku esa mldk tks fgLlk gS] mls rks lc ekurs
vkSj tkurs gSa] exj dqN nwljh] fuLcru de vke xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkh mldk ;ksxnku de ugha gSA

mls csgrjhu ls de fcydqy ilan ugha Fkk vkSj tks dqN djrk Fkk mls csgrjhu djus dh dksf'k'k

djrk FkkA tc ukVd esa mldh #fp gqbZ rks mlus ;wukuh =kklfn;ksa ls ysdj csVksZYV czs[+r rd vkSj
vfHkKku 'kkdaqrye ls e`PNdfVde~ vkSj ?kklhjke rd] lc dqN i<+ vkSj ns[k MkykA

uqDdM+ ukVd dh foèkk ij dke 'kq: fd;k rks tks dqN bl foèkk ds ckjs esa miyCèk Fkk vkSj lQ+nj

ml rd igqap ldrk Fkk] mls i<+us le>us dh dksf'k'k dhA ek;dksOLdh ls vkbtsULVhu rd] tk=kk
ls rek'kk rd] ykfru vejhdh uqDdM+ ukVd ls vÝhdh ukV~; 'kSyh rd] CySd vejhdh fFk;sVj
ls ckny ljdkj rd] lc dqNA ohfM;ks dk t+ekuk vk;k rks 'kwfVax] ,fMfVax vkSj Mfcax] lc dqN

lh[kk] tc uqDdM+ ukVd esa u`R; bLrseky djus dk [+k;ky vk;k rks e;wjHkat vkSj NkÅ lh[kuk 'kq:
fd;kA og lkfcr djuk pkgrk Fkk fd uqDdM+ ukVd iksLVj ukVd ugha] cfYd ,d le`) foèkk gS
vkSj tue ds ukVdksa us ;g fn[kk fn;k fd uqDdM+ ukVd okLro esa cgqr mPp dksfV dk ukVd gks

ldrk gSA og ukVd ftlus ;g lkfcr fd;k] lQ+nj ds fy, tku ysok lkfcr gqvkA uqDdM+ ukVd
fdruk izHkko'kkyh gks ldrk gS] mldk blls cM+k lqcwr vkSj D;k gksxk fd ftudh djrwrksa dks ukVd
mtkxj djrk gS] os brus Hk;Hkhr gks tk;sa fd ukVd djus okyksa ij gh geyk djus yxsa\

lQ+nj esa cyk dh {kerk vkSj l`tukRed 'kfDr FkhA tc vki mu lc ukVdksa vkSj ys[kksa dk
C;kSjk rS;kj dj ysrs gSa tks mlus fy[ks] vkSj ml lc dks fxu ysrs gSa tks mlus fd;k tSls os lkjs xhr

430 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

tks mlus fy[ks vkSj xk;s] os lkjs iksLVj tks mlus fMt+kbZu fd;s] os lkjh rLohjsa tks mlus [khapha] os

lkjs dkVwZu tks ml us cuk;s] os lkjs eap tks mlus ltk;s] os lkjs >aMs tks mlus yxk;s] os lkjh fQ+Yeas
tks mlus cuk;ha] cPpksa ds fy, tks mlus fy[kk oxS+jg] oxS+jg] rc vki ikrs gSa fQj Hkh mlds ikl
vkSj dqN djus dh {kerk vkSj le; jgrk Fkk vkSj mlesa og dqN vkSj dj x;k Fkk tks vkidks irk

gh ugha FkkA
vius leLr Kku] rt#cs vkSj lkèkuksa dks vius ed+ln ds fy, bLrseky djus dh {kerk lQ+nj

esa FkhA tu ukV~; eap }kjk uqDdM+ ukVd dh foèkk ds fodkl esa ;g lkQ+ ut+j vkrk gS vkSj blesa

lQ+nj dk izkFkfed ;ksxnku gSA ftu gkykr esa uqDdM+ ukVdksa dk bLrseky 'kq: gqvk] ftu dk ft+Ø
vkxs vk;sxk] ml le; tue ds lkeus dksbZ thoar felky ugha FkhA ;wukuh ,jhuk fFk;sVj] tk=kk]
bIVk ds iksLVj fFk;sVj] lksfo;r Økafr ds ckn ihiYl fFk;sVj esa gq, iz;ksxksa vkSj nf{k.kh vejhdk] D;wck

vkfn ds vkanksyuksa esa ftl tueq[kh laLÑfr dk fodkl gqvk Fkk ml lc ls lh[krs gq, uqDdM+ ukVd
mHkjkA vkt uqDdM+ ukVd ,d ,slh foèkk cu pqdk gS ftl esa ,d tuoknh lkaLÑfrd vkanksyu
dh èkqjh cuus dh laHkkouk,a fufgr gSa] de ls de mÙkj Hkkjr esa rks ,slk gks ldrk gS ;fn tue

ds dke dks tkjh j[kk tk;s vkSj vkxs c<+k;k tk;sA
vDVwcj 1978 esa baMfLVª;y fjys'kal fcy ds f[k+ykQ+ vkWy bafM;k dUosa'ku vkWQ+ VªsM ;wfu;al

ds fy, tue us viuk igyk uqDdM+ ukVd e'khu fy[kk vkSj izn£'kr fd;kA ukVd dk ewy fopkj
lkfgckckn ds dq[;kr gSfjx bafM;k dsl ls fy;k x;k Fkk tgka dqN et+nwjksa dks Q+SDVªh esa blfy,
xksfy;ksa ls Hkwu fn;k x;k D;ksafd os ,d dSaVhu dh ekax ys dj gM+rky dj jgs FksA ;g okd+;k bejtsalh
gVus ds Q+kSju ckn 1978 ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa dk gSA ;g og oD+r gS tc nks cjl rd nck;s tkus

ds ckn et+nwj vkanksyu mcky ij Fks vkSj et+nwjksa vkSj muds laxBu lhVw dh rjQ+ ls et+nwjksa dh
jkst+ejkZ dh leL;kvksa ij vkèkkfjr ukVdksa dh Hkkjh ekax FkhA

1973 ls ysdj bejtsalh rd ds le; esa tue us flQ+Z eap ukVd fd;s FksA bu lc ukVdksa

ds eapu ls igys cgqr lk oD+r vPNs ukVdksa dh yach ryk'k] yacs le; rd pyus okyh fjglZyksa
vkSj ,slh laLFkkvksa dh ryk'k esa chrrk Fkk tks ukVd djokus dk [k+pkZ mBk ldsaA blds ckotwn tue
ds ukVd djokuk dkQ+h eagxk iM+rk FkkA fQj Hkh buds ukVdksa dh ekax ges'kk cuh jgrh FkhA ;g

ckr Hkh lp gS fd ukVdksa dk 'kks djokuk bruk eagxk Fkk fd ftrus 'kks gksrs Fks ml ls dgha T+;knk
blfy, ugha gks ikrs Fks D;ksafd cgqr lh ;wfu;uas bruk [+kpkZ ugha mBk ldrh FkhaA ;g leL;k bejtsalh
gVus ds ckn vkSj Hkh xaHkhj gks x;h] D;ksafd yxHkx nks lky rd etcwju fuf"Ø; jgus ds ckn

;wfu;uksa ds ikl lkèkuksa dh cgqr deh FkhA
lkèkuksa dh deh gh og vdsyk dkj.k ugha Fkk ftl dh otg ls uqDdM+ ukVdksa dk fodkl gqvkA

gj fnu rst+h ls cnyrs gq, jktuhfrd gkykr 'kk;n bl foèkk ds fodflr gksus dk cM+k dkj.k FksA

gj fnu cnyrs gq, gkykr dh ;g ekax Fkh fd laLÑfrdehZ viuh izfrfØ;k ds lkFk Q+kSju etnwjksa
esa igqapsA eap ukVd dh rS;kjh esa cgqr oD+r yxrk Fkk vkSj t+:jr Q+kSjh izfrfØ;k nsus okyh ,d
foèkk dh FkhA

bu lkjs dkj.kksa us feydj eap ukVdksa ls gV dj dqN u;k djus dh t+:jr iSnk dhA lQ+nj
dh ut+j esa bl ckr dh l[+r t+:jr Fkh fd ctk; blds fd ukVddkj lHkk?kj esa cSB dj n'kZdksa

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 431

dk bart+kj djsa] mUgsa pkfg, fd [kqn mB dj n'kZdksa ds ikl tk;sa] [k+klrkSj ij ,sls ukVddkjksa dks

rks ;g djuk gh pkfg, tks vius vki dks tuksUeq[kh dykdeZ ls tksM+rs gSaA
exj bl lc dk eryc ;g gjfxt+ ughas Fkk fd lQ+nj ;k tue dk ;g ekuuk gks fd uqDdM+

ukVd vdsyh lgh foèkk gS] u rks lQ+nj us vkSj u tue us dHkh Hkh eap ukVd dks derj djds

is'k djus dh dksf'k'k dh] vkSj os ,slk dj Hkh ugha ldrs Fks D;ksafd mudk ekuuk Fkk fd mu fo'ks"k
gkykr esa ftu esa tue dks bejtsalh ds Q+kSju ckn ds le; esa dke djuk Fkk muds fy, uqDdM+
ukVd dh foèkk T+;knk dkjxj Fkh vkSj nwljs gkykr esa vkSj nwljs ifjizs{; esa eap ukVdksa dh rjQ+ ykSVk
tk ldrk gS vkSj mUgksaus eksVs jke dk lR;kxzg tSls ukVdksa ds lkFk ,slk fd;k HkhA
;FkkfLFkfr cuke izxfr
lQ+nj dh ut+j esa eap ukVd cuke uqDdM+ ukVd dh cgl njvly x+yr cgl FkhA njvly]

reke rjg ds ukVd ;k ;ksa dg ysa fd leLr dykdeZ vkf[+kjdkj nks Hkkxksa esa gh foHkkftr gks ldrk
gSA og ;k rks izxfr'khy 'kfDr;ksa ds lkFk gS vkSj izxfr'khy ifjorZu dk i{kèkj gS ;k og ;FkkfLFkfr
dh j{kk djus okyk dykdeZ gSA igyh rjg dk dykdeZ turk dk i{kèkj gS vkSj nwljk tufojksèkhA

lQ+nj dk ekuuk Fkk fd eap ukVdksa dk cM+k fgLlk] [+kklrkSj ij mÙkj Hkkjr esa eafpr gksus okys
ukVdksa dk cM+k fgLlk izfrxkeh vkSj iyk;uoknh gSA yksddyk vkSj ijaijk ls tqM+s gksus dk nkok djus
okys ;s ukVd ;k rks tkucw> dj ÐklksUeq[kh laLÑfr dks feFkd cuk dj izLrqr dj jgs gSa ;k ikjaifjd

foèkkvksa ds iqu#RFkku ds uke ij ml lc dh j{kk djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa tks gekjs lekt esa
lM+k&xyk gSA blds foijhr uqDdM+ ukVd eq[; :i ls turk dk i{kèkj Fkk] turk ds vkt ds lokyksa
dks mtkxj dj jgk Fkk vkSj eq[; :i ls izxfr'khy 'kfDr;ksa ds lkFk [kM+k FkkA

igyh rjg ds ukVdksa dk cfg"dkj dj ds tuoknh vkSj lsD;qyj ewY;kas dh j{kk djus okys ukVdksa]
turk ds i{kèkj ukVdksa dks viukdj] lQ+nj vkSj tue cgqr ls nwljs dyd£e;ksa ds lkFk ,d u;h
rjg ds ukVd dh jpuk dj jgs Fks] ,d ,slk ukVd ftldh laHkkoukvksa dks geus vkt le>uk 'kq:

fd;k gAS
bu ukVdksa dks lM+d ij ys tk dj ukVd dh foèkk dks lQ+nj vkSj tue us ,d cgqr l[r

bfErgku ls xqt+kjkA bfErgku esa lM+d ij xqt+jus okys n'kZd dks viuh rjQ+ [khap ysus dh fdruh

{kerk ukVd esa gS] ;g mldk bfErgku FkkA lM+d dk n'kZd lHkk?kj ds n'kZd dh rjg ukVd ns[kus
dh rS;kjh djds ?kj ls ugha fudyk gksrk] u mlus ukVd ns[kus ds fy, fVdV [+kjhnus ;k ikl gkfly
djus dh tíkstgsn dh gksrh gS vkSj blfy, og ekufld :i ls Hkh euksjaftr gksus ds fy, rS;kj

ugha gksrkA
n'kZd ij ukVd dh idM+ t+jk&lh Hkh <hyh gqbZ rks n'kZd vkxs c<+ tkrk gSA lHkk?kj esa rks lc

rjQ+ vaèksjk gksrk gS] dsoy eap ij jkS'kuh gksrh gSA eap ds vykok gj rjQ+ [kkeks'kh gksrh gSA dykdkj

viuh os'kHkw"kk vkSj lktlTtk ls Hkh n'kZd dk è;ku [khaprs gSaA exj ;gka lM+d ij u flQZ+ ;g fd
;g lc ugha gksrk] lkFk gh lM+d dk 'kksj'kjkck gksrk gS vkSj è;ku ckaVus ds fy, nwljs lkS cgkus
gksrs gSaA bruk gh ugha n'kZd pkjksa rjQ+ gksrs gSaA os gjdr djrs jgrs gSa] dykdkj dks vPNh rjg

ns[kus ds fy, ,d nwljs dks èkdsy jgs gksrs gSa] ik=kksa dks bl lcds lkFk&lkFk bykds+ ds yQ+axksa] 'kjkfc;ksa
vkSj iqfylokyksa ls Hkh fuiVuk gksrk gSA ukVd ds chp xk;] HkSal ;k dqÙkk fdlh Hkh oD+r ?kql ldrk
432 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

gS vkSj ?kqlrk jgk gSA bu bfErgkuksa dks ikl djus ds fy, viuh dyk ls csrgk'kk izse gksuk rks ykt+eh

gS gh] lkFk esa jktuhfrd izfrc)rk Hkh bruh gh t+:jh gS] vkSj blfy, t+:jh gS fd ukVd vPNk
gks] xhr vPNs gksa vkSj dykdkj vPNs gkasA ;g ugha gksxk rks n'kZd ugha #dsxk] ^pyrk gS* dh xqatk;'k
lQ+nj ds dke esa ugha Fkh vkSj ^pyrk gS* dh fcuk ij vPNk ukVd dHkh ugha pyk gS] [+kklrkSj ij

jktuhfrd ukVd rks ughaA
nl cjl esa 3500 eapu
vDVwcj 1978 esa rkydVksjk LVsfM;e esa e'khu ds igys eapu vkSj 1&1&1989 esa lkfgckckn esa gYyk
ckys ds ml vèkwjs eapu rd] ftls nks fnu ckn tue us ogha tk dj iwjk fd;k] ds njE;ku dqy
10 cjl vkSj nks eghus ;k 3710 fnuksa dk Q+d+Z gSA bl nkSjku tu ukV~; eap us 3500 ls vfèkd
ckj turk ds chp vius fdlh u fdlh ukVd dk eapu fd;k vkSj lM+d dh HkhM+ vkSj 'kksj'kjkcs

esa n'kZdksa dks viuh rjQ+ vkdf"kZr djus ds bl bfErgku esa dke;kch gkfly dhA 1&1&1989 ds
ckn ds lkyksa esa Hkh ;g flyflyk tkjh jgk gSA vc rd yxHkx 8500 ckj tue ds dykdkj vius
85 ls vfèkd uqDdM+ ukVdksa vkSj 25 ls vfèkd eap ukVdksa dk eapu dj pqds gSaA bl lcds cy

ij gh uqDdM+ ukVd us ,d fofèkor ukV~; 'kSyh dh igpku gkfly dh gS] mudh ut+jksa esa Hkh tks
mls jktuhfrd Mªkesckt+h ;k iksLVj ukVd ls T+;knk dqN ekuus dks rS;kj gh ugha FksA

tue ds ukVdksa dh lQyrk dk jkt+ flQZ muds lVhd eapu esa gh fNik ugha gSA bu ukVdksa

dh 'kSyh] LFkku fo'ks"k esa jps cls eqgkojs vkSj èkquksa ds iz;ksx ds fy, rks tkuh gh tkrh gS] exj blds
lkFk lkFk ftl dkj.k ;s ukVd n'kZdksa ds lkFk lhèkk laokn LFkkfir djus esa lQy gksrs gSa] mldh
otg bu ukVdksa dh jktuhfr] fcuk ykx yisV ds turk ds fgrksa dh ckr djuk vkSj mudh jkst+ejkZ

dh leL;kvksa dks ns'k dh jktuhfr ds O;kid ifjos'k ls tksM+ dj turk ds lkeus j[kus dh [+kkfl;r
gh njvly bu ukVdksa dh vlyh 'kfDr gSA

tue ds ukVdksa us u rks euksjatu ds i{k dks de gksus fn;k vkSj u vius ukVdksa dh jktuhfr

ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk fd;kA njvly bu nksuksa dks ,d lkFk j[kuk fdruk t+:jh gS ;g ckr cgqr
igys vius dkyst ds fnuksa esa crksZYr czs[+r ds ukVdksa dh 'kSyh ij ckr djrs oD+r gh lkQ+ gks x;h
FkhA vxj ukVd euksjatu ugha djrk rks og ukVd ugha gS vkSj bl rjg dh dksjh c;kuckt+h djus

okyksa dks ukVd ughsa djus pkfg,A blls csgrj gS fd og ,d vke lHkk djds vius Hkk"k.k yksxkdks
lquk ns] lkFk gh ;g ckr Hkh rc gh ls le> esa vk x;h Fkh fd dksjk euksjatu] tks n'kZd dks dqN
lkspus ij etcwj ugha djrk] njvly iyk;uokfnrk dk f'kdkj gS vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr dk iks"kd gSA

t+kfgj gS] bl rjg dh vfHkO;fDr ls cpuk t+:jh FkkA
Hkk"kk ds dq'ky iz;ksx vkSj xhrksa ds ekè;e ls dF; dks vkxs c<+kuk] lw=kèkkj }kjk fVIi.kh] foLr`r

òksrksa ls izsj.kk ysdj vusd ukVdh; rduhdksa ds iz;ksx ls izLrqfr dks u flQ+Z fnypLi cukuk cfYd

mudh xfr dks lqLr u gksus nsuk] bu ukVdksa dh igpku cusA tc gj Mkbykx rh[kk gks] vkSj ik=kksa
}kjk mBk;s x;s gj d+ne vkSj gj gjdr dk ,d ed+ln gks] lkekftd cqjkb;ksa vkSj ukbalkQ+h dh
sa vkykspuk] iz[kj vkSj lkQ+ 'kCnksa esa dh tk;s vkSj cnyko dh t+:jr dk ,glkl lkQ+ 'kCnksa esa djok;k

s tk;s rks ukVd dk lans'k lkQ+ rkSj ij n'kZd rd igqaprk gS] vkSj ;gh bu ukVdksa dh lQyrk dk jkt+
FkkA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 433

tu ukV~; eap ds ukVdksa esa iqfyl okys dks vDlj t+kfye vkSj dkQ+h gn rd ew[kZ O;fDr dh

rjg n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA ij eSaus ns[kk gS fd lpeqp ds iqfylokys vius bl frjLÑr fp=k.k dks cM+s
è;ku ls ns[krs gSa vkSj eSaus ;g Hkh ns[kk gS fd tc ukVd dk iqfyl okyk voke dh laxfBr rkd+r
ds lkeus Hkkx [kM+k gksrk gS rks lpeqp ds iqfyl okys dqN f[kfl;k;s gq,] dqN >sais gq, viuh galh

Nqikus dh ukdke dksf'k'k djrs gq, ut+j vkrs gSaA
vkjS r dh izeq[k ik=k dks tc ukVd esa ihVk tkrk gS rks eSaus n'kZdksa esa ls dbZ vkSjrksa dks jksrs

ns[kk gS vkSj ukVdksa ds ckn mUgha vkSjrksa esa ls dqN vkSjrksa dks tue ds lkfFk;ksa ds ikl tk dj ;g

dgrs Hkh lquk gS fd os ;wfu;u dh esEcj cuuk pkgrh gSa D;ksafd mUgsa lgh et+nwjh ugha feyrh ;k
blfy, fd mudk vkneh mUgsa ekjrk gSA tue ds ukVd vke yksxksa ls lhèkk laokn LFkkfir djrs]
mudh leL;k dks ekewyh leL;k dh rjg ugha ns[krs ;k fn[kkrs cfYd mls ,d O;kid leL;k ds

fgLls dh rjg is'k djrs vkSj rc n'kZd dks ;g ckr vklkuh ls le> vk tkrh fd bldk gy Hkh
lkewfgd laxfBr la?k"kZ ls gh fudy ldrk gSA

lkaiznkf;d naxksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa fy[kk x;k ukVd gR;kj]s eagxkbZ ds ckjs esa fy[kk x;k lejFk
dks ugha nks"k xqlkb±] f'kf{kr csjkstxkjksa dh leL;k ij fy[kk x;k ukVd] jktk dk cktk] foHkktd rRoksa
ds f[+kykQ+ fy[kk x;k ukVd] vigj.k HkkbZ pkjs dk] iatkc ds gkykr ij rS;kj fd;k x;k] ohjtkx
t+jk] U;wure osru ds loky ij] pDdk tke vkSj fnYyh xkft+;kckn] vkSj Qjhnkckn ds et+nwjksa dh
lkr fnu dh rkjh[k+h gM+rky ij fy[kk x;k ukVd] gYyk ckys ] ;s lHkh vke turk ds la?k"kks± ls tqM+s
gq, ukVd gSa vkSj ckd+h reke ckrksa ds lkFk ;s lHkh ukVd lQ+nj vkSj tue ds bl fo'okl dks
js[kkafdr djrs gSa fd vafre thr turk dh gh gksrh gS vkSj ;gh og fo'okl Fkk ftlus bu ukVdksa

dks vkSj bUgsa djus okyksa dks gjfny vt+ht+ cuk fn;k FkkA
v[+kckjksa esa bu ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa ij ys[k ugha Nik djrs FksA de ls de 'kq#vkr ds dbZ cjl

,slk gqvk ugha] vkSj fQj ftruk lQ+nj dh gR;k ds ckn gqvk gS bruk rks dHkh blls igys ugha

gqvk] ysfdu nwljs eqvkot+s feyk djrs FksA ,slh igpku] lEeku vkSj LohÑfr tks gj leh{kk vkSj
vkykps uk ls feyus okyh [kq'kh vkjS vkuna ij Hkkjh iM+rh FkhA felky ds rkjS ij] vke ykxs kas dh rkjhQ+
tks fcuk fdlh ykx yisV ds feyrh FkhA 1985 esa vki fdlh dke ls fHkykbZ x;s gSa vkSj lM+d

ij ,d et+nwj vki dks jksd dj dgrk gS % ^dkejsM] cksV Dyc ij vkidk ukVd ns[kk Fkk] vki
us cgqr vPNk dke fd;k FkkA* vki iwNrs gSa ^dkSu&lk ukVd] dkejsM\* vkSj og dgrk gS] e'khuA
lkr lky igys dk vkidk fd;k gqvk ukVd 240 fdyksehVj nwj jgus okys ,d dkejsM dks ;kn

gS vkSj og vkidks igpku ysrk gS ;k tkek efLtn ds bykds+ esa ,d fjD'kk pykus okyk vkidks jksd
dj dgrk gS] Hkkb]Z enkjh dk jksy rks ,sls djrs gks tSls iq'rsuh dke gks&&bruk dkQ+h Fkk cgqr fnuksa
ds fy, vkidh pky esa ,d u;k tks'k iSnk djus ds fy, vkSj nksLrksa ds chp cSB dj ckj ckj ;kn

djus ds fy,A
uqDdM+ ukVd dk vkanksyu vkt ,d cM+k vkanksyu cu pqdk gSA tue ds ukVd fganh ds vykok

caxyk] mfM+;k] rfey] ey;kye vkSj dbZ nwljh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks dj [ksys tk pqds gSaA
tue ds dbZ ukVd caxykns'k] usiky Jhyadk vkSj ikfdLrku esa [ksys tk pqds gSaA vkjS r ds dbZ gt+kj
'kks gks pqds gSaA

434 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

lQ+nj dh ekSr ls lkjs eqYd esa x+e vkSj xqLls dh ,d ygj QSy x;h Fkh] [k+klrkSj ij ukV~;
d£e;ksa esa] dykdkjksa esa vkSj muesa tks turk ds vfèkdkjksa ds la?k"kks± ls tqM+s FksA fQj èkhjs&èkhjs xqLls
dh txg ,d [+kkeks'k vkSj n`<+ ladYi us tUe fy;kA tue ds iq#"k dykdkj dkys dqrks± vkSj uhyh
irywuksa vkSj efgyk dykdkj dkyh deht+ vkSj uhyh 'kyokj esa ukVd djrs FksA ns'k Hkj esa u tkus
as fdrus uqDdM+ ukVd lewgksa us blh jax dh os'kHkw"kk dks viuk fy;k] u tkus fdrus lkjs tu ukV~;
eap vkSj lQ+nj ukV~; eap mB [kM+s gq,A os xhr vkSj ukVd tks lQ+nj us] tue esa fy[ks Fks] vla[;
ckj [ksys x;sA fdlkuksa] et+nwjksa] Nk=kksa] csjkst+xkjksa eè;eoxZ ds yksxksa vkSj cqf)thfo;ksa us os ukVd fd;s
vkSj ns[ks vkSj og ygj ftls nckus dh fy, eqds'k 'kekZ vkSj mlds xqV us ml igyh tuojh dks
lkfgckckn esa geyk fd;k Fkk] vc mu lcls cgqr cM+h gks x;h FkhA

lQ+nj ej x;k gSA eSa vius HkkbZ dk psgjk vc nqckjk ugha ns[k ikÅaxk] og vc dHkh ^pk;
fiykvks] pk; fiykvks* dk 'kksj epkrk gqvk ?kj esa ugha ?kqlsxkA og vc dHkh fdlh ,slh fQ+Ye ;k
ukVd ds fVdV fy;s ugha vk;sxk ftls gj gky esa ns[kk tkuk t+:jh gSA og vius Hkrhts ds fy,
vc dHkh xhr ugha fy[ksxkA esjh csVh lQ+nj pkpk ds daèks ij vc dHkh ugha p<+sxhA vEek vc
dHkh mlds fy, dksjek ugha idk;saxhA eSa mldh vkokt+ vc flQ+Z dSlsV ij lquwaxkA mldh 'k+Dy
flQ+Z rLohjksa esa ns[kwaxkA exj tue fta+nk jgsxk] tue ds mlds lkfFk;ksa us ;g lkfcr dj fn;k gSA
vius ed+ln ds fy, Fkds cx+Sj dke djus dh mldh {kerk us lcdks ,d u;h 'kfDr nh gS] flQ+Z
ekyk vkSj tue dks gh ugha cfYd lHkh l`tukRed yksxksa dks vkSj mUgsa ,glkl fnyk;k gS fd voke
ds lkFk [kM+k jguk fdruk t+:jh gS] fdruk t+:jh gS fd ,d lkFk la?k"kZ fd;k tk;s] la?k"kZ rkfd
lcdks bTt+r dh ft+anxh feys] la?k"kZ ftl rjg lQ+nj us fd;k] viuh vkf[+kjh lkal rdA mlds
[kwu esa Mwch gqbZ t+ehu dks gt+kjksa us ns[kk] mu lc vnkdkjksa] fp=kdkjksa dykdkjksa] ys[kdksa] i=kdkjksa]
cqf)thfo;ksa] Nk=kksa] et+nwjksa] ukStokuksa vkSj vkSjrksa us tks ogka x;s Fks lQ+nj dk lksx eukus ugha] cfYd
tue ds lkFk] lQ+nj dh ft+anxh ds lkFk daèks feyk dj [kM+s gksus ds fy,A os blfy, x;s Fks fd
lQ+nj ds d+kfry ;g ns[k ysa fd mldh vkokt+ ncsxh ugha] fd lQ+nj dks ekjk ugha tk ldrk]
D;ksafd vc lQ+nj ,d izrhd gS] lQ+nj ds fopkj] mldh jktuhfr] mldh dyk mldk la?k"kZ vc
vdsys mlds lkfFk;ksa dk gh la?k"kZ ugha gS] og mudk gS vkSj muds lkFk mu lcdk Hkh gS tks gj jkst+
bl la?k"kZ dks viuk la?k"kZ cuk jgs gSaA tc rd ;s lc lQ+nj dks fta+nk j[kus ds la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey
gSa vkSj gj fnu mudh rknkn c<+rh tkrh gS] mls dksbZ ugha ekj ldrkA dksbZ 'kfDr] dksbZ gfFk;kj]
dksbZ vkrad lQ+nj dks ugha ekj ldrkA esjk HkkbZ ej pqdk gS] lQ+nj fta+nk gSA

eks-% 09818690910

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 435

Mh-Mh- dkslkach

Mh-,u- >k

nkeksnj èkekZuan dkslkach dk tUe xksok ds dkslcsu esa 31 tqykbZ lu~ 1907 dks gqvkA muds firk
èkekZuan dkslkach ,d izfl) ckS) fo}ku Fks vkSj gkjoMZ esa dbZ o"kk±s rd izf'k{k.kjr jgsA vius fe=kksa
ds chp ckck uke ls tkus tkus okys nkeksnj dkslkach us muls gh lh[kus dh rhoz bPNk] dq'kkxz cqf)
vkSj loksZifj] mudh ekuork fojklr esa ik;hA iq.ks esa FkksM+h Ldwyh f'k{kk lekIr djus ds ckn os vius
firk ds lkFk vesfjdk pys x;s vkSj lu~ 1925 rd ogha ds dSafczt ySfVu Ldwy esa vè;;ujr jgsA
lu~ 1929 esa mUgksaus gkjoMZ ;wfuo£lVh ls 'kkunkj ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk Lukrd dh mikfèk gkfly dhA
;gka ij mUgksaus xf.kr] bfrgkl vkSj dbZ Hkk"kkvksa] [k+kldj ;wukuh] ySfVu] teZu vkSj Ýkalhlh esa fo'ks"k
#fp rFkk ;ksX;rk dk izn'kZu fd;kA gkjoMZ esa vius fuokl ds nkSjku tkWtZ fcj[kkWQ+ vkSj ukWjcVZ ohuj
tSls yCèkizfr"B xf.krKksa ls muds lk{kkRdkj gq,A

lUk~ 1929 esa Hkkjr ykSVdj dkslkach us cukjl fganw ;wfuo£lVh ds xf.kr foHkkx esa lsokjaHk fd;kA
tYnh gh mUgksaus ,d foYk{k.k izfrHkk okys xf.krK dk LFkku ik fy;kA blds ifj.kkeLo:i vyhx<+
eqfLye ;wfuo£lVh ls mudks vkea=k.k feyk vkSj ogka ij mUgksaus ,d o"kZ rd Ik<+k;kA lu~ 1932 esa
mUgksaus iq.ks ds Q+X;wZlu dkWyst esa O;k[;krk cudj iq.ks esa gh cl tkus dk Q+Slyk fd;kA gkjoMZ
tkus ls igys muds firk us blh dkWyst esa ikyh dk vè;kiu fd;k FkkA Q+X;wZlu dkWyst esa vius
pkSng o"kks± ds nkSjku dkslkach Kku ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fujarj n{krk gkfly djus esa tqVs jgs vkSj mUgksaus
vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds ,d egku fo}ku vkSj fpard ds :i esa Lo;a dks LFkkfir fd;kA lu~ 1946 esa
mudks VkVk baLVhP;wV vkWQ+ Q+aMkesaVy fjlpZ] ckWEcs esa xf.kr foHkkx dh ihB dk izLrko feyk ftls
Lohdkj dj os ml in ij lu~ 1962 rd cus jgsA ogka ij mUgsa vius leLrjh; fo'o Hkj ds vusd
fo}kuksa ls fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djus dk volj izkIr gqvkA

II

Mh-Mh- dkslkach us xf.kr dk fo'ks"k vè;;u fd;k vkSj vius vè;kiu dky dk vfèkdrj Hkkx
mUgksaus xf.kr ds vè;kiu esa gh fcrk;kA cM+s&cM+s fo'ks"kKksa us bl {ks=k esa muds ;ksxnku dh ljkguk
dh] ftuesa izfl) fczfV'k oSKkfud ts-Mh- cjuky Hkh FksA mUgksaus u dsoy muds oSKkfud dk;ks± dh]
cfYd fo'o 'kkafr vkanksyu esa mudh Hkwfedk dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk dhA bl ys[k dk ys[kd foKku
ds {ks=k esa muds 'kksèk dk;ks± ds egÙo dk vkdyu djus dh {kerk rks ugha j[krk ijarq blesa dksbZ
lansg ugha fd mUgksaus vyx&vyx foHkkxksa ds chp dh ijaijkxr nhokjksa dks rksM+k vkSj vkuqoaf'kdh]
lkaf[;dh rFkk Kku dh vU; 'kk[kkvksa esa vR;ar ewY;oku] LFkk;h vkSj lkekftd :i ls dkQ+h izklafxd
;ksxnku fn;kA vkuqoaf'kdh ds {ks=k esa Øksekst+kse ekiu ¼1944½ ij muds dk;Z dks] izpfyr Øksekst+kse
fl)kar dks ns[krs gq,] mPp dksfV dk ekuk x;kA lkaf[;dh ds {ks=k esa dk:usu ¼1945½ vkSj yks,o
¼1948½ ls igys gh lu~ 1943 esa mUgksaus izksij vkWFkksZxksuy fMdaiksft+'ku ¼ih-vks-Mh-½ uked rduhd

436 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dk fodkl dj fy;k FkkA ;g ,d ,slh rduhd Fkh ftldk Nfo lalkèku ¼best izkslsflax½] ladsr
lalkèku ¼flXuy izkslsflax½] nÙk laihM+u ¼MkVk dkWEizs'ku½] leqnz foKku ¼vks'kuksxzkQ+h½] jklk;fud
vfHk;kaf=kdh ¼dsfedy bathfu;fjax½ vkSj rjy ;kaf=kdh ¼¶ywbM esdSfuDl½ tSls fofoèk {ks=kksa esa iz;ksx
fd;k x;kA

,dsMsfe;k flfudk ds fuea=k.k ij os chftax vk;sA ;gka ij dqvks&eks&tks vkSj pkm$ ,u&ykb ds
lkFk ifjppkZ ds nkSjku mUgksaus phuh [kk|kUu Q+lyksa dh Hkfo";ok.kh vkSj m|ksx esa xq.koÙkk fu;a=k.k
ds fy, lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa dk lq>ko fn;kA vius ns'k esa ckaèkksa ds euekus <ax ls LFkkufuèkkZj.k vkSj
fuekZ.k ds fo#) rhoz izfrokn fd;kA bl mís'; ds fy, mUgksaus lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa dks viukus dk
lq>ko fn;kA blh izdkj] ekSle ds dkj.k e`R;q nj ij muds vè;;u ls ;g lkfcr gqvk fd ekulwu
ds vkus ls yxHkx rhu lIrkg igys gh] vka=kToj ;k Vk;Q+k;M dh jksdFkke }kjk dsoy cacbZ 'kgj
esa gh izfr o"kZ de&ls&de 500 yksxksa dh tku cpk;h tk ldrh gSA mUgksaus cacbZ ljdkj dks ;g
Hkh lq>ko fn;k fd ukus?kkV bykd+s ds fy, izLrkfor egaxs jTtq lsrq ¼jksi os½ ls dgha T+;knk fdQ+k;rh
lnkcgkj lM+d gh gksxh ftl ij xkfM+;ka nkSMs+aA dkslkach t+ehu ls dVdj viuh gh nqfu;k esa
vyx&Fkyx iM+s jgus okys fo}ku ugha FksA mudh ckSf)d xfrfofèk;ka muds vklikl jgus okys yksxksa
dh t+:jrksa }kjk xaHkhj :i ls izsfjr vkSj xgjkbZ ls tqM+h gqbZ FkhaA blfy, blesa dksbZ gSjr dh ckr
ugha fd jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; egÙo ds fo"k;ksa ij os fcYdqy csckd gksdj vius fopkj izdV djrs
FksA mnkgj.k ds fy,] tc vkèkh ls T+;knk lnh igys Hkkjr ljdkj us vesfjdk ds lkFk ukfHkdh;
lafèk ij gLrk{kj djds viuh laizHkqrk dks jsgu j[k fn;k] rc mUgksaus cyiwoZd dgk fd Hkkjr tSls
^vR;ar x+jhc ns'k dks ukfHkdh; m$tkZ tSlh egaxh lud ij flQ+Z blfy, iSls cckZn ugha djus pkfg,
D;ksafd ;s vkèkqfud fn[krs gSa*A ,d oSdfYid m$tkZ ds òksr ds :i esa lkSj fdj.kksa ds i{k esa os
t+ksj&'kksj ls odkyr djrs FksA

III

vDlj lgh vFkks± esa ^cgqeq[kh jsuslka iq#"k* ds :i esa igpkus tkus okys Mh-Mh- dkslkach us
lkekftd foKku dh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa ds vè;;u ij viuh vewrZ xf.krh; fofèk;ksa dks ykxw fd;kA
bl izdkj mUgksaus iap fd;s gq, flDdksa ds vè;;u ds fy, lkaf[;dh; fofèk dk lgkjk fy;k vkSj
rd+jhcu 12]000 flDdksa ¼7]000 vkèkqfud flDdksa lesr½ dk ot+u ekidj Hkkjr esa oSKkfud
eqnzk'kkL=k dh uhao j[khA mUgksaus ,d rjQ+ ikyh ckS) Ñfr;ksa esa jktkvksa dh lwfp;ksa vkSj nwljh rjQ+
iap fd;s gq, flDdksa ij vafdr fpÌksa ds chp laidZ LFkkfir fd;k vkSj bu flDdksa dk lacaèk exèk
vkSj dksly ds 'kkldksa ls tksM+kA flDdksa ds frfFk&fuèkkZj.k dh mudh fofèk] flDdksa ds iqjkrkfRod
Lrj&foU;kl ds lanHkZ ds izfr muds mis{kkHkko ls xaHkhj :i ls vojksfèkr Fkk] ijarq vxj bl voèkkj.kk
dks ekudj pysa fd gjsd flDdk vius ledkyhu lekt dh igpku fy;s jgrk gS] rks mUgksaus iap
fd;s gq, flDdksa dk dkykuqØe fuèkkZfjr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k vkSj r{kf'kyk ds lkFk&lkFk exèk
ds vk£Fkd bfrgkl esa nks izfl) r{kf'kyk eqnzkiqat ¼ftlesa exèk }kjk tkjh flDdksa dk gh ckgqY; Fkk½
dh izklafxdrk dks LFkkfir fd;kA

muds igys vkSj muds ckn fy[kus okys eqnzk'kkfL=k;ksa ls vyx] dkslkach us eqnzk'kkL=k dks u dsoy
eqnzk laxzkgdksa dh fo'kq) iqjkrfud #fp ls cpk;k] cfYd Hkkjr ds lkekftd vkSj vk£Fkd bfrgkl

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 437

ds iqu£uekZ.k esa blds egÙo ij Hkh cy fn;kA rnuqlkj igyh ckj mUgksaus gh flDdksa ds vHkko vkSj
O;kikj ds iru ds lkFk blds lacaèk rFkk xqIrdky ds ckn vkRefuHkZj xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk ds izknqHkkZo
dh vksj ladsr fd;kA izkphure Hkkjrh; flDdksa ij muds }kjk iz;qDr ifjek.kkRed fofèk ls yksx
lger rks ugha gq,] ijarq dekscs'k mlh nkSjku oSKkfud eqnzk'kkL=k ij izdkf'kr muds vkys[k dh dqN
lhekvkas ij jke'kj.k 'kekZ us izdk'k Mkyk vkSj vkjafHkd Hkkjrh; eqnzk&bfrgkl ds vè;;u dh
vko';drk ij dkQ+h cy fn;kA mUgksaus Lo;a flDdksa ds vHkko] O;kikj vkSj 'kgjh dsanzksa ds iru vkSj
vkRefuHkZj xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl tSls fo"k;ksa dk xgu vè;;u fd;k tks vkxs pydj muds
}kjk izfrikfnr ^Hkkjrh; lkearokn* dh :ijs[kk dk izeq[k vkèkkj cuk vkSj vc ge bls gh Hkkjrh;
bfrgkl ds vkjafHkd eè;dky dh fo'ks"k igpku ds :i esa tkurs gSaA

IV

izkphu flDdksa ds lewgksa dk vè;;u djrs le; dkslkach ds lkeus lcls igyk loky ;gh Fkk
fd bUgsa fdlus tkjh fd;k FkkA fyf[kr òksrksa ¼elyu] iqjk.k] ckS) vkSj tSu nLrkost+½ eas ^,d gh
jktk ds fy, vyx&vyx uke iz;qDr* gksus ls fdadrZO;foew<+ gksdj mUgksaus Lo;a ewy xazFkksa dk
vè;;u djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k] ftlds fy, laLÑr ij vfèkdkj gksuk vfuok;Z FkkA ;|fi mUgksaus
vius lgt fouez 'kCnksa esa ;gh dgk fd mUgksaus ^laLÑr dk dksbZ fu;fer vè;;u u djds egt+
ljljh fuxkg ls gh mldks ;Fkklkè; vkRelkr fd;k gS* ijarq ;FkkFkZ esa ;gh yxrk gS fd fojklr
esa feys laLÑr ds izfr vius uSl£xd #>ku dks os jksd ugha ik;s vkSj vius firk ds lkFk dk;Zjr
gksdj rFkk Jh oh-,l- lqDFkkadj ds lalxZ esa jgdj mUgksaus laLÑr] ikyh vkSj izkÑr esa iwjh n{krk
gkfly dj yhA laLÑr ij mudh idM+ lpeqp foy{k.k FkhA bl idM+ dk nk;jk ikaMqfyfi;ksa dh
[kkst esa mudh fnypLih ls ysdj muds laiknu vkSj izdk'ku rd QSyk FkkA Hkr`Zgfj dh 'krd=k;
¼1942½] n'kcy dh fparkef.k'kjf.kdk ¼1949½] fo|kdj dh lqHkkf"krjRudks"k ¼1947½ ij muds
vkykspukRed laiknu ds lkFk&gh&lkFk egkHkkjr ds ioZlaxzg ¼1946½ rFkk vFkZ'kkL=k ¼1958½ ds xzaFk
ij muds ys[k] laLÑr ij muds vkfèkiR; ds lkFk gh] xzaFk lkfgR; vkykspuk ds {ks=k esa mudh
fl)gLrrk dks iw.kZ :i ls LFkkfir dj nsrk gSA Hkkl ds ukVd vfoejd dk muds }kjk ¼ts-,y-
eSlu ds lkFk la;qDr :i ls½ fd;k x;k vuqokn Hkh laLÑr dh mudh Hkk"kkxr le> dk lcwr gSA
vius thou ds ckn ds o"kks± esa os dkSfVY; Ñr vFkZ'kkL=k ds ekud vuqokn esa tqV x;s Fks] fdarq 29
twu lu~ 1966 dks vpkud mudh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k ;g ifj;kstuk vèkwjh jg x;hA

Mh-Mh- dkslkach }kjk laikfnr vkSj fo'ysf"kr Ñfr;ksa esa lcls T+;knk p£pr Hkr`Zgfj dh 'krd=k;
vkSj fo|kdj dh lqHkkf"krjRudks"k gSaA xzaFk leh{kk esa 'krd=k; dk mudk vkykspukRed laiknu Hkh
,d ;qxkarjdkjh dk;Z gSA larqfyr vkdyu ds fglkc ls vc rd cph dqy 3]000 ikaMqfyfi;ksa esa
ls mUgksaus 377 ikaMqfyfi;ksa dk rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k tks ^Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d vkykspuk ds
bfrgkl esa dsoy ,d xzaFk ds fy, iz;qDr la[;k ls fuLlansg vfèkd Fkk*A vius bl vè;;u ds
vkèkkj ij mUgksaus 200 ,sls i| [kkst fudkys tks T+;knkrj ikaMqfyfi;ksa esa ekStwn lk{; ds vkèkkj ij
Hkr`Zgfj ds in dgs tk ldrs FksA vk'p;Z ugha] fd mudh Ñfr dks ^muds ledkyhuksa }kjk v£tr
fdlh Hkh miyfCèk ls fuf'pr rkSj ij vxzorhZ* vkSj ^vkusokys cgqr lkjs n'kdksa rd ds fy,
fu.kkZ;d* ekuk x;k gSA 'krd=k; dh iqujZpuk cgqr lkjh ikaMqfyfi;ksa ds vkèkkj ij dh x;h gSA

438 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

tcfd blds foijhr iky ;qx ds ,d ckS) eB esa yxHkx 1100 bZ- ds vklikl fo|kdj }kjk rS;kj
lda yu lqHkkf"krjRudks"k xzaFk dk iqu#)kj dsoy rhu vkaf'kd ikaMqfyfi;ksa ds vkèkkj ij djuk iM+kA
gkykafd blds cgqr lkjs i| vU; ikaMqfyfi;ksa vkSj ckn ds ladyuksa ls fy;s x;s gSaA blesa lfEefyr
i|ksa ds jpukdkjksa dh lwph esa 223 uke vkrs gSaA dkslkach dk nkok gS fd mUgksaus muesa ls ^rd+jhcu
ipkl ,sls dfo;ksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS ftudks laLÑr izsfe;ksa us fcYdqy foLe`r dj fn;k Fkk*A
gkykafd bl ladyu ds vuqoknd MSfu;y baxkYl us ckn esa bl iqujZfpr xzaFk esa 200 ls T+;knk
ifjorZu dh lykg nh] ijarq 'ksYMu iksykWd ds eqrkfcd dks'kkach dk lqHkkf"krjRudks"k] ^laLÑr
Hkk"kk'kkL=k ds bfrgkl esa lokZfèkd ewY;oku Ñfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA*

dkslkach ds laLÑr lkfgR; dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj le>nkjh] ekDlZokn esa jps&cls muds lkekftd
vkSj jktuhfrd vkn'kZ ds izfr mudh izfrc)rk ls izsfjr FkhA mudh n`f"V esa] lkfgR; dks foKku
dh rjg gh ml ;qx dh ,d fØ;k ds :i esa le>uk pkfg, ftleas og iSnk gksrk gSA os dgrs gSa]
^oxhZ; lekt ds egku dfo dks u dsoy ,d egÙoiw.kZ oxZ dh voLFkk vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks vfHkO;Dr
djuk pkfg,] cfYd oxhZ; lhekvksa ls ckgj fudyuk pkfg,] pkgs Li"V :i ls ;k vLi"V :i lsA*
vkSj bruk rks fuf'pr gS fd laLÑr Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ij muds T+;knkrj mÙkstd oDrO; mlds
oxZ pfj=k ij gksrs FksA ;s oDrO; mUgksaus Hkr`Zgfj vkSj fo|kdj nksuksa dh Ñfr;ksa ds lanHkZ esa fn;s FksA
Hkr`Zgfj ds ckjs esa fy[krs gq, mUgksaus cyiwoZd dgk fd Hkr`Zgfj dk ^lkfgfR;d vkÑfrfoKku* ,d
,sls ^foinkxzLr Hkw[ks czkã.k* ds Åij vkèkkfjr gS] ftldh dqaBkvksa dk Hkxhnkj ^n;uh; czkã.kksa dk
laiw.kZ oxZ* gSA

og vius oxZ dk ,d fof'k"V dfo gSA ijarq og tu dfo ugha gSA ftu Hkkjrh; dfo;ksa us yksxksa ds
fnyksa esa vius fy, ,d okLrfod vkSj fpjaru LFkku cuk;k] os Lo;a turk ds chp ls vk;s Fks] u fd
tUe] izf'k{k.k] v;olk; ;k blds vHkko] Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr eas turk ls dVs gq, bl ladh.kZ
vèk%Lrj lsA os dfo turk dh Hkk"kk cksyrs Fks] os turk dks lacksfèkr djrs Fks u fd njckj dksA
cPpk&cPpk muds uke tkurk gS vkjS gjds fdlku muds xhr xkrk gdµS chj] rdq kjke] ryq lhnklµ

ns'k ds fdl fgLls ds ikl viuk ,d ,slk dfo ugha Fkk\

lqHkkf"krjRudks"k ds ifjp; esa laLÑr lkfgR; ds oxZ pfj=k ij dkslkach }kjk fn;k x;k cy cgqr
lkQ+ gS%

vkerkSj ij laLÑr dfo vfHktkr oxZ ij fy[krk Fkk( ;gka ij gesa oxZ lkfgR; dks le>uk gSA ,slh
fdlh Hkh Ñfr ds vkèkkj ij izkphu Hkkjr esa thou ds ckjs esa fu"d"kZ fudkyrs le; ;g ges'kk ;kn
jguk pkfg, fd ml dfo ds le; ds] ;k fdlh Hkh le; ds T+;knkrj Hkkjrh;ksa dk thou oSlk ugha
Fkk( lp iwNk tk;s rks ;gka rd fd Lo;a dfo dk Hkh ughaA laLÑr ds i|ksa esa cqf) vkSj Lej.k'kfDr
dk iz;ksx gS ftldks fdlh vkSj iz;kstu esa yxk;k ugha x;k] vkjke ls thrs gq, buds nksgjs vkSj frgjs
vFkZ yxkuk] feFkdh; lda rs ] tfVy okD; jpukbµ uds vfrfjDr lLa Ñr eas NkVs h&l&s NkVs h vfHkO;fDr
ds fy, vko';d yacs izf'k{k.k dh ckr rks vyx gS ghA vke yksxksa esa [kqn dks Js"B le>rs gq,
deZdkaM vkSj Hkk"kk nksuksa dks thfor j[kus ds fy, czkã.k oxZ eq[; :i ls ft+Eesnkj FkkA
gkykafd og Lohdkj djuk Hkh dfBu yx ldrk gS fd laLÑr lkfgR; iwjh rjg ls czkã.kksa dk gh
l`tu Fkk ;k flQ+Z muds gh vfèkdkj esa jgkA egku dfo Hkr`Zgfj dk lcls igyh ckj mYys[k

lksensolwjhus vius ;'kfLrydpaiq ¼lUk~ 959 bZ-½ esa fd;kA Lo;a dkslkach crkrs gSa fd Hkr`Zgfj dh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 439

fdlh fof'k"V Ñfr dk izkphure lanHkZ] izfl) tSu vkpk;Z es#rqax ds izcaèkfparkef.k
¼lu~ 1306 bZ-½ esa feyrk gSA Hkr`Zgfj ds 'krd=k; ij izFke Hkk"; dh jpuk èkulj uked ,d tSu
vkpk;Z }kjk t;iqj esa yxHkx 1478 bZ- esa dh x;h Fkh vkSj dkslkach us mldk mRÑ"V laiknu fd;k
gSA blh izdkj dkslkach us lqHkkf"krjRudks"k ds ys[kd fo|kdj ds xzaFk dh iqudZYiuk dh FkhA fo|kdj
iky ;qx esa txíy ds ckS) eB ds eBk/kh'k FksA ;gka rd fd T;ksfr"k xzaFk fparkef.k'kjf.kdk ds y[s kd
n'kcy Hkh ,d ckS) gh FksA bu lcls ;gh izdV gksrk gS fd laLÑr ij dsoy czkã.kksa dk gh
,dkfèkdkj ugha Fkk cfYd ckS) vkSj tSuksa ds fy, Hkh ;g vfHkO;fDr dk ,d ekè;e FkkA ijarq ;g

laLÑr lkfgR; ds oxZ pfj=k ds ckjs esa dkslkach ds ekSfyd nkos dk [kaMu ugha djrkA D;ksafd laLÑr
esa fy[kus okys tSu vkSj ckS) ys[kd u rks nfjnz Fks vkSj u gh laj{k.k ls iw.kZ :i ls oafprA bl n`f"V
ls tSu vpk;Z gsepanz ¼X;kjgoha&ckjgoha 'kRkkCnh½ ds mnkgj.k ij x+kSj fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj

bl n`f"Vdks.k esa dkQ+h lPpkbZ gS fd Dykfldh laLÑr lkfgR; mPp oxZ dk lkfgR; Fkk] gkykafd
blesa x+jhch vkSj nhughurk ds o.kZu dkQ+h feyrs gSaA fo|kdj dk i| la- 1318 dgrk gS% ^eSa uXu
gwa vkSj esjs uXu 'kjhj dh Ropk dks gh vkoj.k cuuk gS] ckyksa ls Hkjiwj ,slk vkoj.k tks BaMh gok

ls jksekafpr gksrk gSA*
vejdks'k esa dkslkach }kjk fd;s x;s et+nwj oxZ ds vè;;u esa Hkh oxhZ; ifjizs{; ls lkfgR; ds

vè;;u vkSj fo'ys"k.k esa ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn dk iz;ksx fn[kk;h nsrk gSA blds ys[kd vejflag

vU; dks'kdkjksa ls ^Le`fr&fo"k;d n`f"V ls Js"Brj* Fks D;ksafd ^mUgksaus vkn'kZ voLFkkvksa ds cfuLcr
oLrqxr ;FkkFkZ ij vfèkd è;ku fn;k* vkSj blfy, ;g lkekftd foHkktuksa ds ckjs esa vPNh le>
nsrk gSA blfy, dkslkach bl xzaFk esa vk;s ,sls 'kCnksa dk xgu fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa tks et+nwj oxZ ls
tqM+s gSaA blh vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij os dgrs gSa fd ^vejdks'k lkearh ;qx esa fy[kk x;k*] gkykafd
bl ckr ls Hkh os lpsr gSa fd blds ^lk{; det+ksj gSaA* cnyrs lkekftd lanHkZ esa lkfgR; dh
dkslkach }kjk dh x;h O;k[;k dk ,d nwljk mnkgj.k moZ'kh&iq#jok dh dFkk ij mudk ys[k gSA ;g
dFkk _Xosn vkjS 'kriFk czkã.k esa lcls igys ut+j vkrh gS vkSj vkxs pydj dkfynkl Ñr ikap
vda kas okys foØeksoZ'kh;e dk eq[; fo"k; cu tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;g le; dh ,d yach vofèk r;
djrh gSA dkslkach bl feFkd ds ekSfyd o`Ùkkar dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs le; dky ds

nkSjku fofHkUu lkfgfR;d xzaFkksa esa ik;s x;s blds :ikarjksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, rdZ izLrqr djrs
gSa fd fdl izdkj dkfynkl }kjk bl dFkk dks iquizZLrqr djuk ^oSfnd lekt vkSj xqIrdky ds chp
ds varj dks izfrfcafcr djrk gS] tks njvly deZdkaM dk ukVd esa laØe.k gSA* Hkxon~xhrk ds izfr
Hkh dkslkach dk ,slk gh n`f"Vdks.k gSA os dgrs gSa] ^czkã.kksa }kjk xk;k tkus okyk fnO; xku mPp oxZ
ds fy, gS] vkSj dsoy muds ekè;e ls gh nwljksa dks miyCèk gksrk gS*A os ^xhrk* esa izfrikfnr HkfDr
ds fl)kar dks Hkh lkearokn ds mRFkku ls tksM+rs gSa vkSj ;g nkok djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd lkearoknh

lekt vkSj jkT; dks ,d lkFk cuk;s j[kus ds fy, ^ogh èkeZ loZJs"B gS tks HkfDr vkSj futh fo'okl
dh Hkwfedk ij cy nsrk gS] pkgs J)k ds ik=k esa Li"V :i ls dfe;ka gh D;ksa u ut+j vkrh gksaA*
dkslkach }kjk fd;s x;s ,sls vè;;uksa ds cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k fn;s tk ldrs gSaA muds bu o`Ùkkarksa ij

vxj yksx muls erHksn Hkh j[ksa rks lekt dh HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk fof'k"V lkfgfR;d vkSj
lkSan;ZcksèkkRed Lo:iksa ds ,sfrgkfld izpyu ds chp var£ufgr lacaèkksa ij mudh voèkkj.kk dks

440 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vLohdkj djuk dfBu gSA

V

,d rjQ+ tgka Mh-Mh- dkslkach us oSKkfud eqnzk'kkL=kh; vè;;u vkSj lkfgR; ds oxZ fo'ys"k.k
ds egÙo dks js[kkafdr fd;k] ogha Hkkjrh; vrhr ds iqu£uekZ.k ds fy, iqjkrRo dh mi;ksfxrk ls Hkh
os mrus gh okfd+Q+ Fks vkSj mUgksaus Lo;a dkQ+h ewY;oku iqjkrkfRod dk;Z Hkh fd;sA

mUgkuas s iuw k fty+ s eas egkik"kk.kkas (megaliths) dh [kkts dh] cMh+ ek=kk eas l{w eik"kk.kkas (microliths)
dk laxzg fd;k vkSj viuh [kkstksa ds vkèkkj ij izkphu yksxksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dh O;k[;k rFkk nDdu
vkSj dsanzh; Hkkjr ds chp izkxSfrgkfld laidZ LFkkfir djus dh dksf'k'k dhA muds {ks=k&vè;;u ls
izkphu O;kikj ekxZ] dqMk dh ckS) xqQkvksa vkSj dqN izkphu f'kykys[kksa dk irk pyk ftudks mUgksaus
viuh fVIif.k;ksa ds lkFk izdkf'kr fd;kA dkslkach us vkèkh ls T+;knk 'krkCnh igys iqjkrkfRod
vuqlaèkku dk chM+k mBk;k vkSj vk'p;Z ugha fd muds dqN fu"d"kZ vc iqjkus] =kqfViw.kZ vkSj vLohdk;Z
yxrs gSa] ij ,d tkuh&ekuh Hkkjrh; iqjkrRofon 'khjhu jRukxj }kjk bl vkèkkj ij muds iqjkrRo
dks jíh crkuk fd mUgksaus viuh [kkstksa dks vk£d;ksykWftdy losZ vkWQ+ bafM;k dh if=kdkvksa ¼elyu
bafM;u vk£d;ksykWth% , fjO;w ,aM ,af'k;saV bafM;k½ vkSj vius led{k }kjk lehf{kr fdlh Hkh
i=k&if=kdk eas idz kf'kr ugha fd;k] gkL;kLin :i ls 'k{S kf.kd vkNs kiu fn[kkrk gAS jk;W y ,Fa kkz is kys kfW tdy
baLVhP;wV vkWQ+ baXySaM ,aM vk;jySaM }kjk izdkf'kr euS esa muds ys[k izdkf'kr gq,] ijarq mDr fonq"kh
dh n`f"V esa bldk dksbZ egÙo ughaA mUgksaus ;g Hkh crk;k gS fd 1960 ds n'kd rd MsDdu dkWyst]
iwuk ¼ftlds funsZ'kd ,p-Mh- lkadfy;k f'kjhu jRukxj ds ijke'kZnkrk Fks½ ds ladk; us jktLFkku ls
ysdj mÙkjh dukZVd rd dbZ LFkyksa ij mR[kuu fd;k] ijarq dkslkach us muls izkIr vkadM+ksa dks
tkucw>dj ut+jvankt+ fd;kA

vc x+yrh pkgs lkadfy;k dh gks ;k dkslkach dh] ij bu nksuksa ds chp futh lacaèk esa vk;h
[kVkl ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh izdkj ds lkFkZd 'kS{kf.kd vknku&iznku dk vHkko jgkA ijarq] bl rF;
ls dksbZ badkj ugha dj ldrk fd Hkkjrh; iqjkrRofon ¼lkadfy;k½ vius&vius pkS[kVksa ls ckgj vkdj
fo}r~ leqnk; ds lkFk fey&tqydj vius vkadM+s izLrqr djus ls drjkrs jgs gSa vkSj izkphurk ds ihNs
ikxy gksdj] tSlk fd os jgs gSa] vkEkrkSj ij lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd :ikarj.k tSls o`gÙkj eqíksa ij
fparu ls cprs jgs gSaA u gh bl ckr dks vuns[kk fd;k tk ldrk gS fd MsDdu dkWyst }kjk mR[kfur
LFkyksa dh dbZ fjiksVs± dkslkach ds nsgkar ds ek=k dqN eghus igys gh izdkf'kr gqb±] 'kk;n blhfy, os
mUgsa ns[k gh ugha ik;sA muesa ls ,d rks muds nsgkar ds iwjs rhu lky ckn gh yksxksa dks ns[kus dks
feyhA blfy, ;g vkjksi yxkuk fujFkZd gh gS fd dkslkach us vius le; esa miyCèk vkadM+ksa dh
vogsyuk dhA mUgksaus lkadfy;k dh izhfgLVªh ,aM izksVksfgLVªh bu bafM;k ,aM ikfdLrku ¼ckWEcs]
1962&63½ dh tks leh{kk dh gS] mlesa mUgksaus lkadfy;k vkSj muds lgd£e;ksa }kjk mR[kfur lHkh
LFkyksa ls izkIr vkadM+ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k gSA gkykafd blesa mudk joS;k :[kk vkSj dBksj gS] ij
ml le; ds fglkc ls tks Hkh uohure mR[kfur inkFkZ jgk gksxk] ml ij mUgksaus vo'; x+kSj fd;kA

;g Hkh vo'; è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, fd dkslkach u rks Hkkjrh; iqjkrRofonksa dh rjg iqjkruokn
ls vfHkHkwr Fks vkSj u gh mudh rjg ,e- àhyj dh bl voèkkj.kk ls lEeksfgr Fks fd iqjkrRo dk
,dek=k mí's ; g]S Lrj foU;klkas dh igpku djukbµ lls lLa Ñfr ds Øekas dk vkuØq fed eki rks

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 441

rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] ij o`gÙkj ,sfrgkfld eqíksa vkSj lkekftd] vk£Fkd rFkk lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu
ds dkjdksa ds izfr dkslkach dk tks ljksdkj Fkk] mlds fy, ;g fdlh dke dk ugha FkkA bl ljksdkj
ds fy, rFkkdfFkr ^izf'kf{kr* iqjkrRofonksa dh dk;Zlwph esa dksbZ LFkku ugha Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh blds
izfr mudk è;ku cgqr gh lhfer gSA dkslkach dh n`f"V esa] Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo us ^,sfrgkfld ewY; ls
lacafèkr dqN Hkh gkfly ugha fd;k gS*A egÙoiw.kZ iz'uksa dks lqy>kus dh ckr rks nwj] buesa ls dbZ
iz'u rks iwNus ds fy, i;kZIr :i ls fodflr Hkh ugha gks ik;s gSaA dkslkach dk nkok Fkk fd iqjkrkfRod
oLrqvksa dk lkFkZd iz;ksx rHkh laHko gS] tc budk u dsoy ikjaifjd fyf[kr nLrkost+ksa] cfYd mu
u`tkrh; vkadM+ksa ds lkFk rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k tk;s tks bl izfØ;k dk foLr`r fo'ys"k.k izLrqr
djrs gSaA budh rqyuk eksVs rkSj ij mu rF;ksa ls dh tk ldrh gS ftudk iqu£uekZ.k bfrgkldkj cgqr
de lk{;ksa ds vkèkkj ij djrs jgs gSaA ;g rHkh laHko gks ldrk Fkk tc foLr`r :i ls {ks=k&vè;;u
yksdlkfgR;] ekSf[kd ijaijk rFkk feFkdksa lesr u`oSKkfud vkadM+ksa ds laxzg dk lfEefyr vè;;u
fd;k tk;sA ,sls feFkd ekuo thou ds mu igyqvksa ds lqjkx+ nsrs gSa ftudks le; ds lkFk&lkFk Hkqyk
fn;k x;k gSA mUgksaus Lo;a Hkh ^iwokZxzg ls eqDr gksdj vkSj vkykspukRed varn`f"V* ds lkFk
{ks=k&vè;;u dk chM+k mBk;kA vius iqjkrkfRod vkadM+ksa ds leFkZu vkSj d+chykbZ rFkk tkfr vkèkkfjr
Ñ"kd lektksa ds chp vkilh laLÑfr&laØe.k dh ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k vkSj lkFk gh cgqr lkjs fganw
nsoh&nsorkvksa] èkk£ed fo'oklksa vkSj fjoktksa ds d+chykbZ ewy dk irk djus ds fy, mUgksaus ;Fks"V lk{;
bdëk fd;s rkfd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj n'kZu ds ckjs esa ,d Li"V èkkj.kk cu ldsA

dkslkach dh iqjkrkfRod fofèk esa u`tkrh; oLrqvksa dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx gksrk FkkA mudk dguk Fkk
fd budh vogsyuk djus ls ^Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa gkL;kLin foÑfr;ka vkrh gSa vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr
dh Hkzked le>nkjh iSnk gksrh gS] ftldh HkjikbZ lw{e èkeZfoKku ;k LFkwy inkFkZokn ls m$ij mBus
dh 'ks[k+h c?kkjus ls ugha gks ldrh*A mudk iqjkrRo viuh lhekvksa ds ckotwn] laHkor% ml pht+ dk
vxznwr Fkk ftls vktdy u`tkfr&iqjkrRo dgus dk QS+'ku gSA Bhd mlh rjg ftl rjg muds
,sfrgkfld dk;ks± us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ys[ku esa ,d varjkuq'kklfud n`f"Vdks.k iznku fd;k ftl ij
vktdy vDlj vey djus ls T+;knk ppkZ,a gh gksrh gSaA

VI

,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn dh viuh le>nkjh ds lkFk varjkuq'kklfud fofèk dks feykdj Mh-Mh-
dkslkach us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj laLÑfr ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij foLr`r vuqlaèkku djus dk chM+k
mBk;k tks lu~ 1940 ds n'kd ds vkjaHk ls 'kq: gksdj yxkrkj lkS ls Hkh T+;knk ys[kksa ds :i esa ut+j
vkus yxkA mUgksaus ckn esa viuh izeq[k [kkstksa dks rhu iqLrdksa esa fijks;k% baVªksMD'ku Vq n LVMh vkWQ+
bafM;u fgLVªh* ¼1956½] feFk ,aM fj;sfyVh ¼1962½ vkSj dYpj ,aM flfoykbts'ku vkWQ+ ,af'k;saV
bafM;k ,u fgLVksfjdy vkmVykbu ¼1965½A vR;ar izHkko'kkyh <ax ls fy[ks x;s muds bu ys[kksa esa
dHkh&dHkh frDrrk ut+j vkrh Fkh] ijarq muds dk;Z Hkkjrh; vrhr ds jk"Vªoknh efgekeaMu vkSj
vkSifuosf'kd èkekZMacj dk t+cjnLr izfrdkj djrs Fks( vkSj bl izdkj mUgksaus ledkyhu Hkkjrh;
bfrgkl ys[ku dh 'kCnkMacjiw.kZ vkSj Bgjh gqbZ èkkjk esa gypy iSnk dj nhA

dkslkach us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ij vius vuqlaèkkuksa esa ekDlZokn dk iz;ksx fd;k] ;g vDlj m)`r
fd;s tkus okys muds ,d oDrO; ls Li"V gksrk gS% ^bfrgkl mRiknu ds lkèku vkSj lacaèkksa esa vk;s
442 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

mÙkjksÙkj ifjorZuksa dk frfFk Øe esa izLrqrhdj.k gS*A gkykafd mUgksaus ^fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr ds ekeys
esa ;kaf=kd fu;frokn* dh izklafxdrk dks vLohdkj fd;k FkkA mUgksaus dgk fd ekDlZokn ^ds fojksèkh
vDlj bls vk£Fkd fu;frokn ls tksM+rs gSa tcfd ;g mlls dkslksa nwj gSA* bls ^xf.kr dh rjg l[+r
:iokn esa ckaèkk ugha tk ldrk* vkSj ^fdlh [+kjkn e'khu tSlh ekud rduhd dh rjg blds lkFk
lywd ugha fd;k tk ldrk*A muds fy, ;g ,d fofèk Fkh] ^fo'ys"k.k dk ,d lkèku*] u fd ^fparu
dk dksbZ fodYi*A blh ekU;rk ds dkj.k dkslkach us ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl ds dqN ,sls izfriknuksa dks
Hkh csf>>d vLohdkj dj fn;k tks rF;ksa ds vuq:i ugha cSBrs FksA mudh n`f"V esa] Hkkjr ds bfrgkl
ds dky&foHkktu dks nklrk&lkearokn&iwathokn i)fr okyk lhèkk tkek ugha iguk;k tk ldrkA
blesa vk'p;Z ugha fd os cyiwoZd dgrs gSa fd ;wukuh vkSj jkseu lekt ds foijhr izkphu Hkkjrh;
lekt esa nklrk ij vkèkkfjr mRiknu iz.kkyh ugha FkhA gkykafd dqN yksx vkjafHkd dky ls ysdj
orZeku 'krkCnh rd Lora=k ugha Fks] ysfdu mudk er gS fd izkphu Hkkjr esa vk£Fkd mRiknu ds fy,
Je dh vkiw£r ds :i esa mRiknu ds lacaèkksa eas nkl laifÙk dk egÙo ux.; FkkA ftl nkl ds vfèk'ks"k
dks gLrxr fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] mldk LFkku ;gka ij 'kwnzksa dh fuEure tkfr us ys fy;kA mUgsa gh
dkls kca h us LikVkZ ds xy’q kekas ¼gys kVW l~ ½ ds led{k ekukA

dkslkach dk dFku oSfnd dky ds fy, lgh gS] tc nklksa dh la[;k de Fkh vkSj os vius led{k
gksesfjdksa dh rjg mRiknd dk;ks± esa layXu ugha gks ik;s gksaxsA oSfnd m)j.kksa esa iqjksfgrksa dks fujiokn
:i ls nkfl;ksa dks migkj&Lo:i fn;s tkus dk lanHkZ feyrk gS] tks 'kk;n ?kjsyw nkfl;ksa ds :i esa
dke djrh FkhaA oSfnd dky ds ,d izeq[k fgLls esa Ñf"k vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk dk fcYdqy 'kq#vkrh
nkSj gksus ds dkj.k laHkor% vk£Fkd mRiknu esa bu nkfl;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dh vko';drk ugha iM+hA
ysfdu lu~ 400&100 bZ-iw- ds nkSjku vkjafHkd ikyh xzaFkksa vkSj dkSfVY; ds vFkZ'kkL=k esa nklksa ds vusd
lanHkZ feyrs gSaA vFkZ'kkL=k esa rks muds fy, foLr`r :i ls fu;e Hkh cuk;s x;s gSaA vFkkZRk~ bl nkSjku
nklrk] mRiknu ds ,d izeq[k dkjd ds :i esa mHkj dj vk;hA dksbZ Hkh ikyh Ñfr 400 bZ-iw- ls
igys dh ugha gks ldrhA bu ikyh Ñfr;ksa ls lwpuk feyrh gS fd mÙkj&iwohZ Hkkjr esa nkl vkSj deZdkj
¼et+nwj½ [ksrh esa] [k+kldj 500 ls 1000 t+jhc okys cM+s vkdkj ds [ksrksa esa yxk;s x;s FksA

dkSfVY; bl rF; dh iqf"V djrk gSA og jktdh; [ksrksa ij nklksa vkSj deZdkjksa dks cgky djus
ds fy, Ñf"k vèkh{kd dks vkns'k nsrk gSA blfy, blesa lansg ugha fd mÙkj&oSfnd vkSj ekS;Zdky
ds nkSjku lkeqnkf;d mRiknu dk;ks± esa nklksa us fgLlk fy;kA vxj dksbZ jkT; vkSj lekt ds dqN
O;fDr nkl j[krs Hkh Fks tks Ñf"k {ks=k esa yxk;s tkrs Fks] rc Hkh la[;kRed n`f"V ls muds ckjs esa fdlh
ifjek.kkRed vkadM+s ds vHkko esa Hkkjrh; lekt dks nkl lekt ds :i esa fp=kkafdr djuk dfBu
gSA dqN vU; ns'kksa ¼elyu] Dykfldh ,Fksal] jkseu bVyh] osLV bafM;u vkbySaM~l vkSj ;w,l, ds
nf{k.kh jkT;½ ds nklksa dh la[;k ds ckjs esa irk pyk gS] ij Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa ,slk ugha gqvk gSA
blfy, dkslkach tc Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa nkl&izFkk vkèkfjr mRiknu iz.kkyh dh voèkkj.kk dks vLohdkj
djrs gSa rks muds fopkj rdZlaxr yxrs gSaA

dkslkach ,f'k;kbZ mRiknu i)fr ¼,fl;kfVd eksM vkWQ+ izksMD'ku½ dh ekDlZoknh voèkkj.kk dh
Hkh vkykspuk djrs gSaA ekDlZ us dHkh bls Li"V :i ls ifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k vkSj if'peh fo}kuksa
¼tSls fd dkyZ foVQ+ksxsy½ us bldk dkQ+h i{kikriw.kZ bLrseky fd;kA mRiknu dh ,f'k;kbZ iz.kkyh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 443

dh mudh voèkkj.kk Hkwfe ij d+chykbZ lkeqnkf;d LokfeRo vkSj ^NksVs leqnk; ds varxZr fuekZ.k vkSj
Ñf"k ds ;ksx* ds vkèkkj ij vkRe&fuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkk dh igpku okys ,d lekt dh voèkkj.kk ij
vkèkkfjr gSA iwohZ ns'kksa ds lekt dh èkheh xfr okys pfj=k ds ckjs esa ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl nksuksa ds fopkj
blls tqM+s gq, gSaA ;g blds ^LFkkoj vkSj ouLifr fuHkZj thou* ij ekDlZ ds izeq[k lanHkZ rFkk blds
^fLFkj cus jgus dh vnE; {kerk* ij ,axsYl dh fVIi.kh ls izdV gksrk gSA

dkslkach us ^,f'k;kbZ lektksa dh vifjorZu'khyrk* ds :f<+oknh ekDlZoknh fopkjksa ls Lo;a dks
vyx dj fy;kA vkf[k+jdkj Hkwfe ds fuèkkZfjr [kaM ij iz;qDr gy }kjk xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k]
mRiknu ds lkèku esa vR;fèkd izxfr dk lwpd gSA ekDlZokn ds laLFkkidksa ds vuqlkj] vkRefuHkZjrk
tks ,f'k;kbZ lektksa dh igpku gS] vius lgh vFkks± esa laHko gh ugha Fkh] D;ksafd] tSlk fd dkslkach
us fcydqy Bhd crk;k gS] T+;knkrj Hkkjrh; xkao u rks ued vkSj u gh èkkrqvksa dk mRiknu djrs
gSaA ;s nksuksa vko';d oLrq,a fofue; }kjk gh izkIr gks ldrh FkhaA mudh e`R;q ls igys vkSj ckn
ds o"kks± esa vU; bfrgkldkjksa ¼mYys[kuh; :i ls vkj-,l- 'kekZ½ us Hkkjrh; lekt dh laHkkfor fLFkj
izÑfr ij Hkh loky [kM+s fd;s vkSj mÙkj&oSfnd dky ls ysdj xqIr 'kkLkdksa ds le; rd Ñf"k ds
foLrkj] rduhdh foLrkj] 'kgjhdj.k vkSj O;kikj ds fodkl ds pj.kksa rFkk jkT; ds fuekZ.k dh vksj
è;ku vkd£"kr fd;kA blds ckotwn] dkslkach ds vuqlkj bl ckr ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk
fd eq[;r% O;kikj vkSj 'kgjh dsanzksa ds iru ds dkj.k xqIrdky ls Hkkjrh; xkaoksa esa yxHkx vkRefuHkZj
gksus dh izo`fÙk fn[kus yxh FkhA blds QyLo:i O;kikfj;ksa vkSj nLrdkjksa ds f'kYila?k VwVus yxsA
os xkaoksa esa tkdj clus yxs vkSj ogka ds yksxksa dh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djds viuk xqt+kjk djus yxsA
blls xzkeh.k lkekftd lajpuk eas [+kkldj u;h tkfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds t+fj;s ifjorZu vk;kA bl
rF; ds eísut+j] fd dkslkach us vkjafHkd Hkkjr esa izeq[k lkekftd :ikarj.k dh dqN fof'k"Vrkvksa
dh vksj ladsr fd;k Fkk] ,slk ugha yxrk fd mUgksaus ,f'k;kbZ mRiknu i)fr dh voèkkj.kk dks iw.kZr%
Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA

VII

gkykafd dkslkach nkl vkSj ,f'k;kbZ mRiknu i)fr dh voèkkj.kk dks Lohdkj ugha djrs] ij
vkSifuosf'kd Hkkjr ls iwoZ ds lanHkZ esa lkearokn dh voèkkj.kk dk iz;ksx vo'; djrs gSaA gkykafd
;gka ij Hkh os ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.k ls vyx bl izdkj gSa fd os Hkkjr esa lkearokn ds fodkl esa nks
voLFkkvkas dh iLz Fkkiuk nrs s gmµaS $ij ls lkera okn vkjS uhps ls lkera oknA iFz ke voLFkk eas ,d ,ls k
^jkT; gksrk gS ftldk lezkV ;k 'kfDr'kkyh jktk vius vèkhuLFkksa ls dj olwy djrk gSA tc rd
os vèkhuLFk vius loksZPp 'kkld dks dj vnk djrs jgrs gSa] mUgsa vius&vius {ks=kksa esa viuk 'kklu
d+k;e j[kus vkSj euekuh djus dh vkt+knh gksrh gSA* ;s vèkhuLFk 'kkld d+chykbZ eqf[k;k Hkh gks
ldrs Fks vkSj vkerkSj ij ,slk yxrk gS fd os oLrqr% Hkwfe ij vfèkdkj j[kus okys oxZ dh eè;LFkrk
ds fcuk Hkwfe ij lhèks gh viuk 'kklu pykrs FksA uhps ls lkearokn dk vFkZ gS] vxyk pj.kA blesa
jkT; vkSj Ñ"kd oxZ ds chp] xkao esa HkwLokfe;ksa dk ,d oxZ fodflr gksrk gS tks èkhjs&èkhjs LFkkuh;
yksxksa ds m$ij viuh l'kL=k 'kfDr LFkkfir dj ysrk gSA*

ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl ds ys[ku esa dgha Hkh ,sls nks Lrjh; lkearokn dh ifjdYiuk ugha dh x;h
gS vkSj dbZ fo}kuksa us bl ij iz'u&fpÌ Hkh yxk;s gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkj-,l- 'kekZ us Hkkjrh;

444 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

lkearokn ij vius foLr`r dk;Z esa izHkwr ek=kk esa vkuqHkkfod vkadM+s izLrqr fd;s gSa tks dkslkach dh

voèkkj.kk dk [kaMu djrs gSaA 'kekZ ds dk;Z ij iwjs tks'k ds lkFk fo}rkiw.kZ fookn vkjaHk gks x;k] ij
dkslkach ds lkearokn ds nks pj.kksa okys fl)kar dks og LFkku ugha feyk ftldk og gd+nkj FkkA vLrq]
dkslkach vkSj 'kekZ }kjk fpf=kr Hkkjrh; lkearokn dh voèkkj.kkvksa dh ,d izeq[k deh ;g Fkh fd

;s lkearoknh fodkl dh O;k[;k] O;kikj ds iru dh dlkSVh ij djrs Fks tks cká dkjdksa ij fuHkZj
djrk FkkA ;g O;k[;k ewy :i ls gsujh fijsa ds fl)karksa ls izHkkfor FkhA bldk ewy rkRi;Z ;gh Fkk
fd vkjfa Hkd Hkkjrh; lekt eas ifjoruZ dh dkbs Z Lotfur lHa kkouk ugha Fkh;µ gh rdZ ,f'k;kbZ

mRiknu i)fr fl)kar esa var£ufgr gSA ysfdu ;g dkslkach ds tkfr dks ,d oxZ ds :i esa ns[kus
ds vius ut+fj;s ls esy ugha [kkrk] gkykafd mudk ;g ut+fj;k flQ+Z ^mRiknu ds vkjafHkd Lrj*
ds fy, gh Fkk] D;ksafd ,d oxhZ; lekt ds vanj var}Z} vo';aHkkoh Fkk] ftlls ,d u;s mRiknu

ds lkèku dh mRifÙk gksxh vkSj rRdkyhu fLFkfr esa ;gh lkearokn dk òksr FkkA
Hkkjr fo|k ¼baMksykth½ esa] [k+kldj lkearokn lacaèkh Hkkjrh; O;k[;k esa dkslkach ds ;ksxnku dk

vkdyu djrs gq, jksfeyk Fkkij us bl ckr dks cyiwoZd dgk fd os u rks bfrgkl ys[ku ds {ks=k

esa vuky Ldwy ds laLFkkid vkSj izeq[k izfriknd] Øe'k% ekdZ CykWd vkSj Q+us±M czkWMy] ds ys[kuksa
ls ifjfpr Fks vkSj u gh dkyZ iksY;kuh ds ys[kuksa lsA muds dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g Fkk fd vxj os
bu fo}kuksa ds ys[ku ls okfd+Q+ gksrs] rks ;k rks lkearokn dh izfØ;k dks ns[kus dk mudk ut+fj;k

gh dqN vkSj gksrk ;k fQj blds vfLrRo dks gh iwjh rjg ls vLohdkj dj nsrsA ijarq mudh vkykspuk
fujkèkkj gSA ekdZ CykWd dh ^¶+;wMy lkslkbVh* igyh ckj lu~ 1939 esa iz$Sap esa izdkf'kr gqbZ vkSj bldk
vaxzst+h laLdj.k dkQ+h ckn ;kuh lu~ 1961 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA tcfd blds ikap lky igys gh
dkslkach dh baVªksMD'ku Vq n LVMh vkWQ+ bafM;u fgLVªh Ni pqdh FkhA Hkweè;lkxjh; nqfu;k ij czkWMªsy
dk izfl) dk;Z lu~ 1949 esa iz+$kalhlh esa Nik vkSj mldk vaxzst+h laLdj.k lu~ 1972 esa Nik] tcfd
blls Ms<+ n'kd igys gh dkslkach dh baVªksMD'ku Ni pqdh FkhA blh izdkj iksY;kuh dh nks Ñfr;ksa esa
ls ,d Fkk VªsM ,aM ekdsZV~l bu vyhZ ,aik;lZ tks 'kk;n dkslkach ds vkjafHkd eè;dkyhu lekt ds
vè;;u ls FkksM+k&cgqr rkYyqd+ j[k ldrk FkkA ;g Hkh dkslkach dh Ñfr ds izdkf'kr gksus ds ,d
lky ckn ;kuh lu~ 1957 esa igyh ckj izdkf'kr gqbZA bl izdkj frfFkØe Fkkij ds fo#) tkrk gSA

iz$kalhlh Ñfr;ksa ds vaxzst+h laLdj.k lu~ 1956 esa dkslkach dh Ñfr ds izdkf'kr gksus ds ckn gh
izdkf'kr gq, vkSj muesa ls ,d czkWMsy dk dk;Z Fkk tks dkslkach ds nsgkar ds vkèks n'kd ls Hkh vfèkd
le; ckn izdkf'kr gqvkA

Fkkij dh rjg dksbZ Hkh ;g loky [kM+k dj ldrk gS fd dkslkach us mu Ñfr;ksa dks muds ewy
:i esa gh D;ksa ugha i<+ fy;k] D;ksafd ;g lHkh tkurs gSa fd iz+$kalhlh Hkk"kk lesr dbZ ;wjksih; Hkk"kkvksa
ij mudh dkQ+h vPNh idM+ FkhA ij ge ;g dSls dg ldrs gSa fd mUgksaus ugha i<+k\ gks ldrk gS

mUgksaus mu lcdks i<+k gks] ij fdlh us mUgsa izHkkfor gh ugha fd;k gks! Fkkij dkslkach ij ;g Hkh vkjksi
yxk ldrh gSa fd mUgksaus Ý+SadQ+VZ Ldwy ds ys[kuksa vkSj mlds }kjk izfrikfnr voèkkj.kkvksa ds izfr
mis{kk dk Hkko j[kkA ;g Ldwy vuky Ldwy ds gh le; eas viuh lk[k+ tek jgk FkkA vkSj blh izdkj

ls os mudk ;g dgdj Hkh migkl dj ldrh gSa fd os bVSfy;u dE;qfuLV varksfu;ks xzkE'kh ¼e`R;q
1937½ ds ys[kuksa ls Hkh voxr ugha Fks ftUgksaus Dykfldh ekDlZokn ij dbZ egÙoiw.kZ iz'u [kM+s fd;s!

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 445

cgjgky] ,slh vkykspukvksa dh rks >M+h yxk;h tk ldrh gS] ij Mh-Mh- dkslkach ij ,d U;k;iw.kZ
foospu] mudks izHkkfor djus okys fparuksa ds vkèkkj ij gksuk pkfg, u fd ,sls fparuksa ds vkèkkj
ij ftudk mu ij dkbs Z iHz kko gh ugha iM+kA vkt ds i[z kjre Hkkjrh; bfrgkldkj mÙkj&vkèkqfudrkokn
dh voèkkj.kk ls vizHkkfor jgs gSa] ijarq D;k bl otg ls mudk egÙo dqN de gks tkrk gS\

VIII

ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl ds dqN fpj&ifjfpr fparuksa dks vLohdkj djrs gq, Hkh dkslkach ,d
ekDlZoknh cus jgs vkSj fcuk fuf'pr lkaps esa fl)karksa dks tcju vaVkus dh dksf'k'k fd;s muds
,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn dh i)fr dk iz;ksx djrs jgsA os mudh HkRlZuk djus ls Hkh ugha pwdrs Fks
tks gj le; ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl ds fu"d"kks± dks vka[k ewan dj nksgjkrs jgrs FksA ,l-,- Mkaxs dh bafM;k
iz$kWe fizfefVo dE;qfuT+e Vq Lysojh ¼1949½ ij muds fNnzkUos"kh er dks blds mnkgj.k ds :i esa
ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

dkslkach dk bfrgkl ys[ku ^;wukuh dyknsoh fDyvks ds laj{k.k esa* ugha Qyk Qwyk tks vius gkFkksa
esa frfFkØe fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fxurkjk fy;s ^jktkvksa vkSj lsukifr;ksa dk mudh thr ij fcxqy
ctk dj vfHkuanu fd;k djrh FkhA mUgksaus turk ds bfrgkl ij izdk'k Mkyk vkSj bfrgkl dks
^futh*] ^vk[;kuewyd* vkSj jktkvksa dh fot;xkFkk ds :i esa izLrqr djus okys ,sls bfrgkldkjksa ls
cpkdj mldk m)kj fd;k] tks pkgrs Fks fd bUgsa egt+ ^jksekuh miU;kl* ;k ^Hkkjrh; jsyos
le;&lkj.kh* ds :i esa i<+dj yksx vkuan ysaA muds vuqlkj] T+;knk egÙoiw.kZ iz'u ;g ugha gS fd
jktk dkSu Fkk ;k fdlh {ks=k fo'ks"k esa jktk Fkk ;k ugha] cfYd ;g gS fd ml le; yksx fdl rjg
ds gy dk iz;ksx djrs Fks] gYdk ;k HkkjhA bl izdkj mUgksaus rduhd vkSj vk£Fkd mRiknu dh
egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk rFkk mu mRiknu 'kfDr;ksa ij cy fn;k ftUgksaus izeq[k lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd
ifjorZu ykus esa mRizsjd dk dke fd;kA mUgksaus mÙkj oSfnd dky esa xaxk ?kkVh ds lanHkZ esa yksgs dh
ifjorZudkjh Hkwfedk ij yksxksa dk è;ku vkd£"kr fd;k ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i Ñf"k dk foLrkj]
vk£Fkd vfèk'ks"k dh miyCèkrk] 'kgjh dsanzksa dk fodkl vkSj ml {ks=k esa jkT;ksa dk fuekZ.k gqvkA vius
gky ds ys[kuksa esa ls ,d esa jksfeyk Fkkij us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ^dkslkach ds rdZ esa mBk;s x;s
egÙoiw.kZ iz'u vc Hkh izklafxd gSa*] ij rduhd dh Hkwfedk dks os ;g dgdj de egÙo nsrh gSa
fd izk;}hih; Hkkjr ds egkik"kk.kh LFkyksa esa yksgs dh iqjkrkfRod mifLFkfr ds lkFk mÙkjh Hkkjr tSlk
fodkl ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA blfy, rduhd dh Hkwfedk] [k+kldj vkjafHkd mÙkj Hkkjr esa yksgs
dh Hkwfedk] ls budkj djus okys yksxksa ds nkoksa dks mfpr Bgjkrh gSaA ;g lp gS fd rduhdh vkSj
vk£Fkd fodkl ds fizT+e ds t+fj;s lkekftd ifjorZu dk vè;;u djuk dfBu gS vkSj dbZ leL;k,a
[kM+h djrk gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy,] dkslkach dk ;g n`f"Vdks.k gS fd o`gr~ Lrj ij ckS) eBksa dh LFkkiuk ls tc
vFkZO;oLFkk det+ksj iM+us yxh] rc O;kikj ds iru vkSj vo#) xzkeh.k vk£Fkd bdkb;ksa ds mn~Hko
ds lkFk gh Hkkjr esa ckS) èkeZ dk iru gqvkA mudk ;g rdZ dqN T+;knk gh ljy gksus ds dkj.k
;qfDrlaxr ugha yxrk] [k+kldj vxj fganw eafnjksa ds lanHkZ esa ns[kk tk;s rksA bu eafnjksa us vkjafHkd
eè;dky esa [kqydj fn;s x;s migkjksa vkSj vuqnkuksa ds t+fj;s Hkkjh ek=kk esa èku ,d=k dj fy;k Fkk
ftls Ñf"k ds foLrkj vkSj Ñf"k mRiknu ds fodkl esa yxk fn;k x;kA ysfdu le; ds lkFk&lkFk

446 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

;s vuqRiknd laifÙk ds vFkkg HkaMkj cu x;s tks vFkZO;oLFkk ij cks> cu x;kA vxj ge ckS) èkeZ
ds iru ds fy, dkslkach dh ;qfDr dks mfpr ekusa] rks lHkh izfl) fganw eafnjksa dk] flQ+Z vogsyuk
ds dkj.k gh iru vkSj {k; gks tkuk pkfg, FkkA cgjgky] Lo;a dkslkach HkkSfrdoknh n`f"Vdks.k dh
lhekvksa vkSj mldh tfVyrkvksa ds izfr lpsr gksus ds dkj.k lHkh ,sfrgkfld xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy,
vk£Fkd O;k[;k izLrqr ugha djrsA blfy, os bl ckr ij cy nsrs gSa fd egt+ ^vk£Fkd fu;frokn
gh dkQ+h ugha gS* vkSj ^,d ckj tc dksbZ fopkj ¼vaèkfo'okl lesr½ yksxksa ij gkoh gks tkrk gS] rks
og 'kfDr cu tkrk gS*A

Hkkjr ds ckjs esa bl vkSifuosf'kd n`f"V dk] fd ;g tM+or gS vkSj bldk dksbZ bfrgkl ugha]
Mh-Mh- dkslkach us [kqydj vkSj t+cjnLr fojksèk fd;kA izpfyr èkk£ed fl)karksa vkSj :f<+oknksa ds ckjs
esa Hkh muds oDrO; mrus gh dVq vkSj rh{.k Fks ftuls yxrk gS fd iqutkZxj.kokn vkSj iqjk.kiaFk ls
mudk l[+r fojksèk FkkA os dgrs gSa fd ^,d vkèkqfud :f<+oknh fganw xksekal Hk{k.k dks ujHk{k.k ds
cjkcj le>rk gS] tcfd oSfnd czkã.k cfy ds xksekal dk fu;fer Hk{k.k djds eksVs gksrs jgsA* dgk
tkrk gS fd egku folaxfr;ksa okyh mRÑ"V laLÑr iqLrd xhrk] ikBd dks fdlh Hkh dk;Z ds ifj.kkeksa
dh fpark ls eqDr gksdj ml dk;Z dks U;k;laxr Bgjkus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA cgqvk;keh nsork ¼Ñ".k½
Hkh vius fopkjksa esa ijLij fojksèkh fn[krs gSa ftldk eupkgk vFkZ yxk;k tk ldrk gSA os xhrk ds
ckjs esa ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd ^;g nSo ijarq O;k[;kRed laLÑr ij viuk fu;a=k.k cuk;s j[krs gq,
lans'kksa dk ,slk tfVy HkaMkj gS] tks vlaxr gksrs gq, Hkh lkeatL; cukus dh dksf'k'k rFkk rh{.k
var£ojksèkksa dks iwjh rjg ipk ysus dh viuh {kerk esa fof'k"V :i ls Hkkjrh; gS*A ;gh ckr os xqIr
dky dks ^Lo.kZ ;qx* dk i;kZ; le>us okyh voèkkj.kk ds ckjs esa Hkh dguk pkgrs gSa ftldks :f<+oknh
bfrgkldkj ^jk"Vªokn ds iqutZUe* dk Js; nsrs gSaA ^xqIrksa }kjk jk"Vªokn dk iqutZUe rks nwj] jk"Vªokn
us xqIrksa dks iqutZUe fn;kA* ,sls dFku :f<+oknh bfrgkldkjksa ds xys ugha mrjrs ftudk le; yksxksa
dk lPpk bfrgkl ys[ku djus ctk; efgekeaMu esa xqt+jrk gSA ,slk yxrk gS fd muds iwjs 'kksèk
dk;Z dk mís';] vrhr dh ikjaifjd cwtqZvk voèkkj.kk dks tM+ ls m[kkM+uk FkkA tSlk fd fuEufyf[kr
m)j.k ls idz V gkrs k gµS

vc rd fy[ks x;s bfrgkl dk izeq[k mís'; egku ?kVukvksa dks vkuqØfed <ax ls izLrqr djuk jgk
gSA ijarq ?kVukvksa dk izklafxd egÙo fdlh vU; dky] LFkku] lH;rk] oxhZ; #>ku ds yksxksa ds fy,
'kk;n gh leku izrhr gksrk gS( blfy, egt+ bfro`Ùk ys[ku gh dkQ+h ugha gSA fdlh Hkh ,sls ys[ku
dk;Z dks xaHkhj bfrgkl dk lEeku nsus ls igys lkekftd fodkl dh xfr] mu vkarfjd dkj.kksa dks
tks varr% fdlh vlkèkkj.k ?kVuk ds :i esa vfHkO;Dr gksrs gS] mu izsjd cyksa dks] tks egku
vkanksyuksa ds vanj fufgr gksrs gSa] bR;kfn dks Li"V djus dh t+:jr gksrh gSA ijarq fQj Hkh bl izdkj
dk fo'ys"k.k dqN bfrgkl ys[kdksa dks #fpdj ugha yxrkA os ;k oSls yksx tks okLro esa bfrgkl dh
O;k[;k vius vuqdwy dj ysrs gSa] bl izfØ;k ds vo';aHkkoh ifj.kkeksa dk lkeuk djus ls cprs gSa(
D;ksafd mudk rkRi;Z fuf'pr :i ls ;gh gksrk gS fd lHkh izdkj ds bfrgklksa vkSj lkef;d ?kVukvksa
dk ,slk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijarq ?kVukvksa ds izokg dks tkucw>dj fd;s x;s dk;ks± }kjk
izHkkfor fd;k tk ldrk gS] vkSj bfrgkl dks flQ+Z ml dky esa gh th jgs yksx lpsru :i ls cukrs
gSaA egt+ is'ksoj bfrgkldkjksa }kjk ,d lqfuèkkZfjr le; lhek ds chr tkus ij bfrgkl dks euet+hZ
ls cSBdj ugha fy[kk tk ldrk gSA lÙkkèkkjh oxZ ds fy, ;g [k+rjukd Hkh gksrk gS tks ifjorZu dh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 447

vkap esa u"V gksrs jgrs gSaA blfy, ,sls uohu bfrgkl dks dqN yksx foèoaldkjh ekurs gSaA iqjkuk
bfrgkl ys[ku iyk;u dk ,d lkèku cudj jg x;k gS] og ,d jksekuh euksjatu] ,d is'kk ;k
nCcwiu mRiUu djus dh ,d fofèk cudj fleV x;k gSA ;g oSKkfud vuqlaèkku dHkh ugha cu
ldrkA
dkslkach dk ys[ku ikjaifjd bfrgkl ys[ku vkSj mldh fgek;r djus okys Hkkjrh; cwtqZvk oxZ]
nksuksa ds fy, fouk'kdkjh FkkA dkslkach ml ikjaifjd ys[ku dh 'kSyh dks u dsoy m[kkM+ Qasdus esa
lQy gq,] cfYd muds nsgkar ds dbZ n'kd ckn Hkh ,sfrgkfld xfrfofèk;ka mUgha ds fopkjksa ds
bnZ&fxnZ ?kwerh gSaA ;|fi Hkkjrh; cwtqZvk oxZ vfèkd l'kDr gqvk gS vkSj og vkt ftruk le`) gS
mruk igys dHkh ugha Fkk] fQj Hkh bfrgkl ys[ku ds izfreku esa ifjorZu] jktuhfr esa 'kfDr ifjorZu
ds lkFk ugha gqvkA cgjgky ;g eqík vyx gSA

Mh- ,u- >k
eks- 9811143090
vaxzst+h ls fganh :ikarj% jf'e pkSèkjh
eks- 9818446601

448 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ds- nkeksnju

mUuh d`".ku ih-

Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds bfrgkl eas d-s nkekns ju dh Hkfw edk dkQh fof'k"V vkjS vuBw h gAS 26
Qjojh]1912 eas ,d v)&Z lkera h ifjokj eas tUes nkekns ju vius fopkjkas vkjS dekZas ds fy, Lo;a f'kf{kr
gq, FkAs tu&thou eas mudh vkjfa Hkd #fp fcfz V'k jkt ds f[+kykQ+ py jgs Hkkjrh; Lok/khurk lxa kz e ls
ifsz jr gkds j gbq Z vkjS egkRek xk/a kh muds vkn'kZ FkAs tc nkekns ju djs y ds ,d ifz rf"Br dkyW ts eas ioz 's k
yus s okys Fk]s rHkh pkjS h&pkjS k dh ?kVuk ls leLr Hkkjr vkna kfs yr FkkA ikz ;% blh le; djs y ds dkfs >dkMs
eas vCnqjgZ eku lkfgc] ih- d"` .kk fiYy]S b-Z ,e-,l- uca fw nfjikn vkjS dys Iiu ued&lR;kxgz eas viuh
lfØ; Hkfw edk fuHkkrs gq, iqfyl dh ccjZ rk ds f'kdkj gq, FkAs ;gka ;g ;kn djuk foLe;dkjh gS fd
nkekns ju u]s tks viuh ikjia fjd i"` BHkfw e ds foijhr Nk=k&jktuhfr eas dkQ+h lfØ; Fk]s tokgjyky ugs :
ij lkexhz ,d=k djds ,d fdrkc idz kf'kr djk;hA 1931 eas dkyW ts ls xfe;Z kas dh Nqfê;kas eas tc os
fr:j eas vius ?kj okil vk;]s rc mUgkuas s xk/a kh ds ued&lR;kxgz ds ckjs eas lkps uk 'kq: fd;kA 27
ekp]Z 1931 dks nkekns ju vius ,d fe=k ds lkFk bl lR;kxgz eas Hkkx yds j dkuuw rkMs +us ds tqeZ eas
fxj¶+rkj gq,A ;gha ls nkekns ju ds tu&thou eas ioz 's k vkjS mudh fo'onf` "V dk bfrgkl 'kq: gkrs k gAS

vius jktufS rd dfS j;j dh ,us 'k#q vkr ls gh nkekns ju tkfrokn vkjS uhph dgh tkuos kyh tkfr;kas
ds gkf'k;s ij j[ks tkus dh fLFkfr ls ?k.` kk djrs FkAs mudh nf` "V eas tkfrokn djs y ds lekt dks lpa kfyr
djuos kyk eyw Hkrw nk"s k FkkA dkxa lsz dh 3&5 eb]Z 1931 dks gqbZ oMdjk ehfVxa ls xq#o;jw lR;kxgz dh
ijsz .kk feyh] tks fd djs y eas lHkh rjg ds tkfrHkns ds f[+kykQ+ ,d ehy dk iRFkj gAS bl ehfVxa eas
;g r; fd;k x;k fd efa nj ds njokt+s lHkh fgna vq kas ds fy,] pkgs os fdlh Hkh tkr ds gk]as [kkys k tk;xs kA
d-s dys Iiu xq#o;jw lR;kxgz ds urs k Fks ftUgas xk/a khth dk ijw k leFkuZ ikz Ir FkkA gkykfa d bl lR;kxgz
eas nkekns ju dh Hkfw edk dk Li"V C;kjs k ugha feyrk] yfs du fuLlna gs mudk Hkh bl lR;kxgz eas fuf'pr
LFkku jgk FkkA bl vkna kys u ds nlw js egRoi.w kZ urs kvkas eas ,-d-s th- vkfn 'kkfey FkAs /khj&s èkhjs nkekns ju
us vius :f<+oknh ikfjokfjd ekgkyS eas i'kcq fy tlS h iFz kkvkas dh vkykps uk 'k:q dhA ,ls k mYy[s k feyrk
gS fd ,d fnu nkekns ju vius dqN jfs Mdy nkLs rkas ds lkFk ml txg igpqa s tgka eqfx;Z kas dks cfy ds fy,
ck/a k dj j[kk x;k FkkA mu ykxs kas us eqfx;Z kas dks jfLl;kas ls NqM+kdj eqä djk fn;kA bu dkjukekas ds
dkj.k nkekns ju dks ifjokj ds :f<+ikyd o)` kas dk dkis Hkktu cuuk iM+kA yfs du ;g dk;Z gh ;xq kas ijq kuh
iFz kkvkas eas tdM+s ey;kyh lekt ls bl ;qok Økfa rdkjh dk okLrfod eyw xkeh iLz Fkku FkkA

dk'kh fo|kihB eas nkekns ju dh f'k{kk dh 'kq#vkr vuds lda Vkas eas gqbAZ ;g lofZ ofnr gS fd dk'kh
fo|kihB tkus ds fy, mUgas dbZ idz kj ds ykxs kas ls /ku bdëk djuk iM+k FkkA dk'kh fo|kihB ds
iqLrdky; eas gh nkekns ju us jktuhfr foKku] vFk'Z kkL=k] mn]Zw uhfr&'kkL=k] rd&Z 'kkL=k vkjS foKku dh
vU;kU; 'kk[kkvkas tlS s fofo/k fo"k;kas dh tkudkjh gkfly dhA bl vof/k eas cfS jLVj ,-d-s fiYyS ls
muds lia dZ dk ft+Ø ;gka t+:jh gAS ,-d-s fiYyS us gh nkekns ju dk lektokn ds fopkjkas ls ifjp;

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