NP-Jan-Jun-2012

esa ?kjsyw oLrq,a j[kh x;h gSaA bu ds iSjksa ds ikl mudk dqÙkk py jgk gSA laFkky dh yk{kf.kdrkvksa dks

bu ew£r;ksa esa gwcgw mHkkjk x;k gSA yach xnZu] xky dh mHkjh gqbZ gfì;ka] Åapk ekFkk] Ñ'k lkSE; 'kjhj]
lqMkSy LruA ¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k la[;k&&10&d] 10&[k½

bl ew£r dh ,d cgqr cM+h rLohj jk"Vªh; vkèkqfud dyk laxzgky; }kjk vk;ksftr fdadjnk

¼'kafrfudsru esa os blh uke ls tkus tkrs Fks½ dh dykÑfr;ksa dh vrhrn'khZ izn'kZuh esa yxk;h x;h
FkhA rLohj esa Hkh ml ew£r dh thoarrk vkSj HkO;rk fn[kk;h nsrh FkhA ;g Hkkjrh; vkèkqfud dyk
dh vewY; èkjksgj gSA [kqys esa gksus ds dkj.k mldk {kj.k rks gksxk ghA ij bl èkjksgj dks cpk;s j[kus

ds fy, ljdkj us bldh nks dkaL; izfrÑfr;ka cuok;h gSaA ,d dksydkrk esa j[kh x;h gS vkSj nwljh
'kkafrfudsru esaA èku ds vHkko esa fdadjnk us ,slh dbZ viwoZ ew£r;ka lheasV&daØhV ls cuk;h FkhaA

fdadjnk ds fp=kksa esa izpqj oSfoè; FkkA n`';fp=k] O;fDr fp=k] izkf.k;ksa ds fp=k] caxky ds nq£Hk{k

ds fp=k] dbZ ew£r;ksa ds izk:i ds] ;k mldh izfØ;k ds fp=k vkfnA fjt+oZ cSad dh ckgj dh nhokj
ls lVh ;{k&;f{k.kh dh ew£r;ksa dks fnYyh ds laln ekxZ ls xqt+jus okys yk[kksa yksxksa us vo'; ns[kk
gksxkA bu nksuksa dk vafre Lo:i r; djus ls igys mUgksaus dbZ Ldsp cuk;s Fks] NksVs vkdkj ds

uewus&&eSdWV&&cuk;s FksA muds :ikdkj esa rjg&rjg ds ifjorZu djds ns[kk FkkA ;g Hkkjr ljdkj
}kjk fn;k x;k ^deh'kaM* dke FkkA mldh yach vkSj tfVy izfØ;k ds dkj.k] ljdkjh dkjZokb;ksa ds
dkj.k vkSj lcls vfèkd rks mUgha ds ,d Nk=k dh ykijokgh ds dkj.k os cgqr nq%[kh gq, FksA fdadjnk

ds ,d Nk=k us bl ?kVuk dk c;ku djrs le; dgk fd blls igys fdadjnk fnu esa dHkh 'kjkc
ugha ihrs FksA gka] jkr dks vius futh le; esa t+:j ihrs Fks] ysfdu bl nq[kn ?kVuk ds ckn os fnu
esa Hkh 'kjkc ihus yxsA muds thou dk og le; dkQ+h ihM+ktud FkkA

fdadjnk us Ldsp] tyjaxh ,oa rSyjaxh fp=k cgqr lkjs cuk;s FksA fizaV dh Vsduhd Hkh lh[k yh
FkhA tyjaxh esa ,d fp=k ^I;kls dqÙks* dk gSA dqÙks dk 'kjhj fn[kkrs gq, cgqr de dRFkbZ rwfydk?kkr
gSa] ysfdu os brus thoar gSa fd dqÙks dh yk{kf.kdrk,a mHkj dj vk tkrh gSaA fdadjnk ds fp=k

vk;klghu ,oa lgt yxrs gSaA
fdadjnk ds dbZ Nk=kksa esa ls ,d Fks ,- jkepanzuA ,- jkepanzu us dsjy esa ^lkaFkky ifjokj* ew£r

dh dsoy Q+ksVks ns[kh FkhA mlh ls os brus vfèkd vkÑ"V gq, Fks fd mUgksaus 'kkafrfudsru tkdj

jkefdadj dk Nk=k cuuk r; dj fy;k FkkA Ldsp dh nks iqLrdsa ysdj os 'kkafrfudsru igqapsA ogka
Lo;a og ew£r fn[kh ftlus jkepanzu dks jksekafpr dj fn;k FkkA jkefdadj ds ikl 'kkafrfudsru vkuk
jkePkanzu ds fy, rhFkZ;k=kk ls de ugha FkkA ogka lc jkefdadj dks ^fdadjnk* dgdj iqdkjrs FksA

igys gh fnu 'kke dks viuh nksuksa Ldspcqd ysdj os fdadjnk ds ikl igqapsA fdadjnk ckal ls cus
,d LVwy ij cSBs Fks] mUgksaus jaxhu yqaxh igu j[kh Fkh] gkFk esa rkM+ ds iÙkksa ls cuk ,d ia[kk FkkA
mUgsa iz.kke djds jkepanzu us nksuksa Ldspcqd muds gkFk esa Fkek fn;sA 'kke dh ean jks'kuh esa fdadjnk

us cgqr gh è;ku ls nksuksa Ldspcqd ns[kha vkSj lkeus dh uhph nhokj ds ckgj Qsad nhaA Qsadrs le;
ckaXyk esa cksys] ^uk] uk] ukA ,Vk ,[kkus pksycs uk*A ugha ugha] ;g ;gka ugha pysxkA rqEgsa 'kq: ls
fQj ls lh[kuk iM+sxkA

lqnwj dsjy ls os ftl xq# ds ikl vk;s Fks] mUgksaus muds dke dks brus rY[k+ <ax ls vLohdkj
dj fn;kA jkePkanzu dks cgqr cM+k vk?kkr yxkA mudk vge~ pwj&pwj gks x;kA iwjk lky xqt+j x;kA

350 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fdda jnk us mudks viuk Nk=k ugha cuk;k] fdra q jkepna uz cgrq vPNk xkrs Fk]s vfHku; Hkh vPNk dj yrs s
FksA ;s ckrsa fdadjnk dks ilan FkhaA mudk lkfUuè; cuk jgkA

mu fnuksa dksbZ Hkh Nk=k vius [k+kyh le; esa ew£r ds [kaM esa tk ldrk FkkA jkepanzu dgrs gSa]
^eSaus bl ekSds+ dk Q+k;nk mBk;kA eSa fcuk pkd ds] fcuk <kaps ds] dqaMyh dh izfØ;k ls feêh dh
ew£r cukus yxkA eSaus uhps ls dqaMyh dks cSBkuk 'kq: fd;kA feêh dks nckdj uewus dh ew£r dh cká
js[kk cuk jgk FkkA xhyh feêh dh iryh nhokj T+;knk ot+u ugha mBk ikrh Fkh] blfy, eSa cgqr gh
è;ku ls èkhjs&èkhjs dke dj jgk FkkA yxHkx ,d eghus rd gj jkst+ jkr dks dke djds eSa pkj bap
ds NksVs uewus vkèkkj ij pkj Q+hV cM+h ew£r cuk ik;k FkkA 'kh"kZd Fkk ^eka vkSj f'k'kq*A brus esa fdadjnk
vk;s vkSj fpYyk;s] ^<kapk dgka gS\*

LokHkkfod gS] mudks esjh cuk;h ew£r esa dksbZ cgqr cM+h Hkwy ut+j vk;h FkhA eSa dqN le> ikÅa
mlls igys mUgksaus ydM+h dk cM+k lk VqdM+k mBk;k vkSj esjs dke ds Åij ns ekjkA esjk ,d eghus
dk ifjJe <g x;k vkSj xhyk dhpM+ LVwfM;ks esa pkjksa vksj QSy x;kA

^mBkvks feêh] mls rS;kj djks vkSj fQj ls cukuk 'kq: djks*] mUgksaus vkns'k fn;kA
eSaus pqipki] vkKkdkjh Hkko ls lkjh feêh mBk yh] D;ksafd mUgksaus vkf[k+j eq>s Nk=k ds :i esa
Lohdkj dj fy;k gS] ;g ns[kdj eSa csgn [kq'k gqvkA*
fdadjnk ?kuokn ls izHkkfor gq, FksA lu~ 1957 esa mUgksaus ,d rSyfp=k cuk;k Fkk ftldk 'kh"kZd
Fkk] ^Q+ly dh dVkbZ djus okyk vkSj t+ehankj*A bl fp=k esa eq[; jax dsoy rhu gSa] dkyk] lQ+sn
vkSj gYdk ihykA flj ij Nkrk fy;s ,d O;fDr [kM+k gS] iSjksa esa twrs gSa] 'kjhj ij iwjs oL=k gSaA ogh
t+ehankj gksxkA ckd+h ds rhu O;fDr dVkbZ dj jgs gSaA ,d NksVk cPpk eka ds ikl [kM+k gS] mlls
Hkh NksVk t+ehu ij ysVk gSA dSuokl ds ck;sa fgLls esa Åij dh vksj nks cSy [kM+s gSaA nkfguh vksj ,d
cM+k vkSj iDdk edku gSA iwjs fp=k esa dkyh js[kk,a ,d&nwljs dks dkVrh gqbZ fjDr LFkku Hkjrh gSa]
:ikdkjksa dks Li"V djrh gSaA cgqr gh vkd"kZd fp=k gSA
dVkbZ djrh gqbZ efgyk dh ,d cgqr cM+h ew£r Hkh mUgksaus cuk;h FkhA bls lu~ 1943 esa
lheasV&daØhV ls cuk;k FkkA ,d efgyk nksuksa gkFkksa eas èkku dk iqfyank ysdj ihNs dh vksj eqM+h gqbZ
gSA mldk 'kjhj ekuks ,d frdksu ls cuk gSA eLrd ihNs dh vksj >qd x;k gSA èkku dk iqfyank
mlds nksuksa iSjksa ds chp ls vkxs dh vksj fudy vk;k gSA vR;ar izHkkoh Ñfr gSA bldh Hkh dkals
dh izfrÑfr;ka cuk;h x;h gSaA¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k la[;k&&11½
'kkafrfudsru esa phu Hkou dh LFkkiuk xq#nso johanzukFk Bkdqj ds phuh fe=k oku ;qu&'kku us
dh FkhA mudh iq=kh Fkh oku ;qvky] ftls xq#nso us uke fn;k Fkk pesyhA mUgksaus Hkh dykHkou esa
dyk dh f'k{kk ik;h FkhA fdadjnk dh dqN ckrsa crkrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^'kkafrfudsru dh Nk=kk,a
fdadjnk ls Mjrh FkhaA oSls Hkh eq>s ew£rdyk esa fo'ks"k #fp ugha Fkh] fdarq og ,d vko';d fo"k;
gksus ds dkj.k gesa lh[kuk iM+k FkkA fdadjnk dk ,d vPNk f'k"; gesa ew£rdyk fl[kkrk FkkA
^,d fnu] tc eSa 'kk;n nl lky dh Fkh] viuh ,d lgsyh ds lkFk dykHkou esa x;h FkhA
fdda jnk ml le; tyjxa h fp=k cuk jgs FkAs e>q s n[s krs gh ckys ]s ^ck's kks ck's kk*s cµ BS ks cBS kAs nks gh feuV
esa] tyjaxksa ds FkksM+s ls rwfydk?kkrksa ls mUgksaus esjk iksVsZV cuk fn;kA nks iksVsZV cuk;s FksA ,d esa esjs
gksBksa ij galh Fkh] nwljs esa galh ugha FkhA ftl esa galh Fkh ml ij mUgksaus vius gLrk{kj fd;s vkSj

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 351

nwljk fp=k 'kk;n mudks vPNk ugha yxk Fkk] blfy, ml ij gLrk{kj ugha fd;sA ij nksuksa fp=k mUgksaus
eq>s ns fn;sA

^ml le; rks eSa ml fp=k dh [kwfc;ka le> ugha ik;h FkhA iksVsªZV Hkh eq>s [k+kl vPNs ugha yxs
FksA ysfdu os okLro esa cgqr gh cf<+;k fp=k FksA brus o"kks± ds ckn Hkh ml psgjs esa rkt+xh gS] izQqYyrk
gSA

^,d ckj eSaus ,d u`R;kaxuk dk fp=k cuk;k FkkA mlds m$ij cgqr è;ku ls] LoPNrk ls ckny
cuk;s FksA eSaus og fp=k fdadjnk dks fn[kk;kA mUgksaus dgk] ^ckny ,sls ugha gksrs gSaA* dgdj mUgksaus
mlds m$ij eksVs rwfydk?kkr yxk fn;sA eq>s oSlh js[kk,a fcydqy vPNh ugha yxhaA esjk lkQ+&lqFkjk
fp=k mUgksaus fcxkM+ Mkyk FkkA okLro esa os ,d egku fp=kdkj }kjk fd;s x;s rwfydk?kkr Fks ftlus
fp=k esa tku Mkyh FkhA ;g eSa cgqr nsj ls le>hA*

ds-th- lqcze.;u~ fdadjnk ds fo[;kr Nk=kksa esa ls ,d gSaA vkt mudh mez 88 o"kZ ds d+jhc
gSA mUgksaus dbZ egÙoiw.kZ dykdkjksa dks i<+k;k gSA fdadjnk ds ckjs esa os dgrs gSa %

^fdadjnk dks dke djrs gq, ns[kuk ge ;qodksa ds fy, cgqr cM+h f'k{kk FkhA ge dbZ ckj muds
lkFk nksigj dh èkwi esa Ldsfpax djus tkrs FksA esjs tSlk ukSflf[k;k ftlus viuk cpiu dsjy esa
fcrk;k Fkk] 'kkafrfudsru dh èkjrh eq>s cgqr gh [k+kyh vkSj mtM+h gqbZ fn[krh FkhA eSa lksprk Fkk fd
,sls n`'; esa fp=k cukus tSlk rks dqN gS gh ughaA ij eSaus ns[kk fd tc jkefdadj viuk LdspiSM
ysdj cSB tkrs Fks rks iwjk n`'; cny tkrk FkkA NksVh&ls&NksVh pht+ esa Hkh os tku Qwad nsrs FksA lkèkkj.k
lk o`{k l'kDr gksdj >we mBrk FkkA iÙkksa esa u;h ped vkSj tku vk tkrh FkhA vkdk'k mTkM+h gqbZ
èkjrh ds lkFk yqdk&fNih [ksyrk FkkA dHkh uhys jax dk VqdM+k lkeus vkrk Fkk rks dHkh èkwlj jax ds
insZ ds ihNs fNi tkrk FkkA muds lax geus izÑfr dks u;s izdk'k esa ns[kk] mudh ckrksa us gekjs vuqHko
dks le`) fd;k] muds fp=kkRed fujh{k.k us gekjh vka[kas [kksy nhaA mUgksaus geas thou dk u;k n'kZu
le>k;k tks oS;fDrd Fkk vkSj psruk dks mUur djus okyk FkkA*

fdadjnk thou ds vafre fnuksa esa dkQ+h vdsys iM+ x;s FksA 2 vxLr 1980 ds fnu] 74 o"kZ
dh mez esa mudk nsgkar gks x;kA

eks- 981818946

352 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fcu; jk;

js[kk tSu

tSls gh Q+ksu ij fdlh us crk;k fd fcu; jk; ugha jgs] mudh ekWLdks esa fdlh cl ls dqpydj

e`R;q gks x;h rks gBkr~ ,slk yxk ekuks vufxur ddZ'k ?kafV;ka esjs pkjksa vksj ct mBha] ftudh cM+h

gh fueZe] Øwj èofu;ksa us eq>s cspSu dj fn;kA le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk] ,slh csjge vU;k;iw.kZ ekSr

dk cnyk dSls fy;k tk;sA fcu; jk; tSls vkstLoh thoar dykdkj ls ge vc ugha fey ldsaxs]

eu bl fLFkfr dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gks jgk FkkA ij e`R;q ds bl Øwj foèkku ds vkxs >qdus

ds flok; dksbZ pkjk Hkh ugha jgrkA og pkgs ftruk vfiz; yxs] mls pqipki lguk gh vkneh dh

fu;fr gSA

fcu; nk dk galrk gqvk psgjk esjh vka[kksa ds vkxs ?kweus yxkA ;kn vk jgk Fkk] vHkh dqN fnu

igys dh gh rks ckr Fkh] rc izfl) dfo Hkkjr Hkw"k.k vxzoky dh vdLekr~ e`R;q ls ge lcdk eu

{kr&fo{kr lk gks jgk FkkA dfo gksus ds lkFk os esjh lxh cfgu fcanq ds ifr Hkh FksA mudh rLohjsa

v[k+ckj esa nsus ds fy, <wa<+h tk jgh FkhaA esjs lkeus vufxur fe=kksa vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa ds fp=k fc[kjs

iM+s FksA ikl esa gh izfl) fganh vkykspd ukeoj flag Hkh mu fp=kksa dks ns[k jgs FksA rHkh ,d rLohj

ij mudh ut+j iM+h vkSj cksys] ^vjs] ;g rks fcu; jk; gSaA cM+h vPNh rLohj gS mudhA* mUgksaus ;g

Hkh iwNk] ^vki fcu; jk; dks tkurh Fkha D;k\* eSaus rqjar dgk] ^gka] cgqr vPNh rjgA ukeoj th]

vkidks ugha ekywe] eSa 1943 esa dydÙks esa muds lkFk xk;u eaMyh esa xkuk xkrh Fkh] vkSj fQj 1944

ls 1947 rd rhu o"kZ cacbZ ds lsaVªy VªÃi ¼bIVk dh dsanzh; u`R; eaMyh½ esa ,d lkFk ge dke djrs

FksA ;kuh rhu o"kks± rd ge ,d lkFk] ,d gh txg vaèksjh esa jgrs FksA* rc ckr vk;h x;h gks x;hA

ml oD+r dgka ekywe Fkk fd bl O;fDr ls Hkh dqN le; ckn dsoy rLohj ls gh ukrk jg tk;sxkA

budh ckrsa] buds lkFk dke djus dh ;knsa] 'kh?kz gh orZeku ls gVdj bfrgkl cu tk;saxhA

fcu; jk; dks eSaus lcls igys 1943 esa dydÙks dh ,d fo'kky lHkk ds eap ij xkrs lquk

FkkA ml le; dgka Fks ykmMLihdjA fcu; jk; dh cqyan vkokt+ gh vkt ds ykmMLihdjksa ls vfèkd

izHkko'kkyh <ax ls yxHkx pkj&ikap gt+kj ds tuleqnk; ds chp xwat jgh FkhA xhr dh ,d&,d iafDr

ds lkFk Jksrkvksa ds jkSaxVs [kM+s gksrs tk jgs FksA eSa ml le; caxyk Hkk"kk ugha le>rh Fkh] ij eq>

ij Hkh muds tks'k Hkjs ns'kHkfDr vkSj vdky ls ihfM+r balkuksa ds nq[k Hkjs xhrksa dk vn~Hkqr vlj gqvk

FkkA lHkk ds var esa tkdj eSaus muls xkuk fl[kkus dk vuqjksèk fd;kA mUgksaus lg"kZ LohÑfr nh vkSj

rHkh ls os esjs fy, fcu; nk gks x;sA

fcu; jk; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds dk;ZdrkZ Fks tks vius mu xhrksa ds }kjk yksxksa esa ns'k dks vkt+kn

djkus ds la?k"kZ esa vkxs c<+us ds lans'k dks igqapkus dk dke djrs FksA mudk ;g mís'; gh Fkk fd

ns'k ds vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa dks ns'kHkfDr ds xhr fl[kkdj tYnh ls tYnh vaxzst+h lkezkT; ds fo#)

Lora=krk dh psruk txk;h tk;sA 1943 ds ;s os fnu Fks tc caxky esa Hk;adj vdky iM+k FkkA ml

le; lcls cM+h ns'k lsok Fkh caxky ds vdky ue;sa Qk alihFktvurktdukos cjhp&tkuwuk] ¼mlu;dqaDhrlkdgk½;%r2k0d1j2uk@] muds

353

eukscy dh j{kk djukA fcu; nk th&tku ls bl dke esa yxs FksA mudh izsj.kk ls eSa Hkh muds lkFk

lkUW x LDokM ¼xk;u eMa yh½ eas nkf[ky+ gks x;hA ,Q-+ ,l-;-w ¼ÝMas’ l~ vkQW ’ lkfs o;r ;fw u;u½ ds n¶r+ j
esa jkst+ 'kke dks ge yksx xhrksa dk vH;kl djrs vkSj lqcg ikap cts izHkkr Qsjh esa fudy tkrsA ge
dbZ xhr xkrs Fks ij lcls igys vkSj lcls vfèkd vdky dh nqnZ'kk dk o.kZu djrs gq, ^tkxks&tkxks

uxj oklh vkSj le; ukgha] tkxks js* xhr dks xkrs gq, txg&txg tkdj vdky ihfM+rksa ds fy, >ksyh
ilkjdj pank ekaxrs FksA fcu; nk dh vkokt+ esa dsoy t+ksj vkSj tks'k gh ugha] ,slk Hkko Hkh gksrk Fkk]
tks lcds eu dks viow Z mRlkg ls Hkj nrs k FkkA ge fxurh eas ikpa &Ng gh ykxs gkrs s Fk]s ij gekjh vkokt+kas

esa mRlkg vkSj izfrc)rk esa gh 'kk;n ,slk vkd"kZ.k jgrk Fkk fd txg&txg yksx jksd&jksdj gesa iSlk
nrs s FkAs Åpa &s Åpa s edkukas dh f[kMf+ d;kas ls dbZ xnuZ as gekjh vkokt+ luq dj ckgj fudy vkrh Fkha vkjS
bèkj&mèkj ls iqdkj&iqdkjdj yksx gekjh >ksyh esa iSlk Qsadrs FksA cgqr ckj dbZ&dbZ eaft+ysa p<+dj pank

ysus tkuk iM+rk Fkk] ij mu lhf<+;ksa dks p<+us dh Fkdku ds ctk; dkSu bl dke dks tYnh iwjk djds
vius dks HkkX;'kkyh le>s] bldh gksM+ yx tkrh FkhA

bl xk;u eaMyh dh vR;fèkd lQyrk vkSj yksdfiz;rk dks ns[kdj ikVhZ us ;g r; fd;k fd

caxky ds vdky ij xhr] u`R; vkSj ukVd dk ,d iwjk dk;ZØe rS;kj djds cacbZ ys tk;k tk;s vkSj
blds ogka izn'kZuksa }kjk nq£Hk{k ihfM+rksa ds fy, pank bdV~Bk fd;k tk;sA

bl dk;ZØe ds fy, ,sls yksxksa dks pquk x;k tks ;FkklaHko fganh tkurs gksaA eSa vkSj usfe fganhHkk"kh

Fks] blfy, gesa fy;k x;kA bl izdkj cacbZ tkus okyh eaMyh esa u`R;] ukVd ,oa xkuksa ds fy, fcu;
jk;] 'kaHkq fe=k ds vykok m"kk nÙk] ikuwiky] Hkwifr uanh] usfepanz tSu] js[kk tSu] ,oa dqN vkSj lkFkh
FksA cacbZ igqapus ds ckn 'kq: esa xkuksa ds fy, bZLV caxky ls jsck jk;] fcgkj ls n'kjFk yky vkSj

iatkc ls izse èkou vkfn Hkh bl eaMyh esa 'kkfey gq,A eaMyh ds dk;ZØe esa fctu HkV~Vkpk;Z ds
caxkyh ukVd tckucanh dks fganh esa ^vafre vfHkyk"kk* uke ls [ksyk tkrk Fkk ftldk caxyk ls fganh
esa vuqokn fd;k Fkk usfepanz tSu usA blds funsZ'kd Fks 'kaHkq fe=k vkSj dydÙks ls tkus okys izk;%

ge LkHkh mlesa vfHku; djrs FksA
vfa re vfHkyk"kk ukVd esa ,d le`) ifjokj ds VwVus vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs ,d&,d nkus ds fy,

rjl&rjldj ejus dh d#.k dFkk fn[kk;h x;h FkhA vdky ij ,d NksVh&lh u`R; ukfVdk Fkh]

ftldks m"kk nÙk vkSj ikuwiky djrs Fks vkSj ckd+h ds lewg ,oa ,dy xkus Fks ftuds funsZ'kd] lapkyd
vkSj izeq[k xk;d Fks fcu; jk;A ^Hkw[kk caxky* dk;ZØe ^lquks fgan ds jgus okyks] lquks] lquks]* xhr
ls izkjaHk gksrk FkkA bl xhr esa Hkw[k ls ejus okyksa dh dFkk dk o.kZu FkkA bls fcu; nk us gh fy[kk

vkSj Lojc) fd;k FkkA bl xhr dks fcu; jk; dh cfgu jsck jk; ftl nnZ Hkjh vkokt ls xkrh
Fkha] mldk n'kZdksa ij ,slk tknw dk&lk vlj gksrk Fkk fd xhr dh ,d&,d iafDr ds lkFk muds vkalw
cgus yxrs FksA bl iwjs dk;ZØe dks ns[kdj cacbZ ds n'kZd ,sls fog~oy gks mBs fd yksx vdky ihfM+rksa

ds fy, viuh lkeF;Z ls Hkh vfèkd pank nsdj x;sA ,slk rd gqvk fd yksxksa us vius cl esa tkus
ds iSls rd ns fn;s vkSj ftuds ikl #i;k&iSlk ugha Fkk] dksbZ vius vks<+us dh pknj ;k fL=k;ka gkFk
dh pwM+h] dM+s] vaxwBh] NYys rd ns x;haA x+jhc ls x+jhc yksxksa ls bl izdkj caxky ds vdky ds fy,

nku feysxk] ;g gekjh dYiuk ls ckgj dh pht+ FkhA caxky LDokM dh bl lQyrk vkSj ljkguk
ls ge lcdk cgqr mRlkg c<+ x;kA bl izksxzke ds cacbZ vkSj fQj xqtjkr ds dbZ 'kgjksa esa vusd

354 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

izn'kZu djds caxky vdky ds fy, cgqr èku bdV~Bk djds Hkstk x;kA
gekjs bl dk;ZØe dks lQy cukus esa cacbZ ds lHkh LFkkuksa ij cM+s&cM+s ys[kdksa] dydkjksa ,oa

nwljs yksxksa us Hkh cM+h lgk;rk dhA bldh lcls cM+h miyfCèk ;g Hkh gqbZ fd cgqr ls yksx bIVk
ls tqM+ x;s vkSj ikVhZ ds gennZ ;k lnL; cu x;sA

fcu; nk ds xkus ,oa caxky LDokM ¼eaMyh½ ds lHkh dk;ZØe dh lQyrk vkSj mlesa yksxksa dks
izHkkfor djus dh ,slh {kerk dks ns[kdj dE;qfuLV ikVhZ us] fo'ks"kdj mlds egklfpo Jh ih-lh-
tks'kh us] u`R; laxhr dh ,d LFkk;h eaMyh cukus dh ;kstuk cuk;hA blesa izfl) urZd mn; 'kadj
ds lsaVj ds u`R; xq# 'kkafr oèkZu] fo[;kr flrkjoknd iafMr jfo 'kadj] 'kfpu 'kadj] ujsanz 'kekZ]
vofunkl xqIrk ,oa Hkkjr ds dbZ izkarksa ds ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks lfEefyr djds dsanzh; ny uke ls
laLFkk dh 'kq#vkr dhA ;gh laLFkk lsaVªy VªÃi ;k lsaVªy LDokM uke ls fo[;kr gqbZA bl ^lsaVªy VªÃi*
esa ns'k dh ekStwnk gkyr vkSj vaxzst+h 'kklu ds fo#) vkt+knh ds la?k"kZ dks fn[kkus okys dykRed
u`R;&ukV~; ¼cSys½ rFkk xhr vkfn rS;kj fd;s tkrs FksA fcu; jk; dks bl eaMyh dk yhMj cuk;k
x;kA

dsanzh; eaMyh dk yhMj cuuk dksbZ vklku ckr ugha Fkh] ij fcu; nk dh ys[ku vkSj xk;u dh
izfrHkk ds lkFk&lkFk muesa laosnu'khy laxBudrkZ dh viwoZ ;ksX;rk ds dkj.k gh mUgsa lsaVªy VªÃi ds
yhMj dh ft+Eesnkjh lkSaih x;hA caxky LDokM ds lkFk dydÙkk okfil ykSVus ds ctk; bl eaMyh
ds dqN yksx cacbZ jg x;s Fks] ftuesa fcu; nk rks Fks gh] urZdh m"kk nÙk Fkha] vkSj vius ifr usfepanz
tSu ds lkFk eSa Hkh #d x;h FkhA bl izdkj 1944 ls 1947 ds rhu o"kZ ds thou esa fcu; nk dks
cgqr ut+nhd ls tkuus dk ekSd+k eq>s feykA

fcu; jk; dk xkuk bruk tks'khyk vkSj izHkko'kkyh gksrk Fkk fd lkèkkj.k ls lkèkkj.k lquus okys
esa vkxs c<+dj dqN djus dk mRlkg tkx tkrk Fkk] ij LoHkko ls os vius uke ds leku gh fou;'khy
FksA ;g mudh cgqr cM+h fo'ks"krk FkhA lsaVªy VªÃi esa vyx&vyx izns'kksa ds ;qod&;qofr;ka bdV~Bs gq,
Fks ftUgsa jkr&fnu ,d lkFk jgdj dke djuk FkkA lcdh viuh&viuh] vyx&vyx leL;k,a jkst+
mBrh jgrh Fkha ftUgsa lqy>kus ds fy, ,d ,sls O;fDr dh t+:jr Fkh ftls lcdh vkReh;rk vkSj
fo'okl izkIr gksA fcu; nk esa ;g xq.k FkkA os lHkh dh NksVh ;k cM+h] gj dfBukbZ dks è;ku ls lqurs
Fks vkSj mls nwj djus dk Hkjld iz;Ru djrs FksA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij] mÙkj izns'k ls dsoy eSa gh ,d
yM+dh FkhA caxky vkSj xqtjkr ls dbZ&dbZ yM+fd;ka FkhaA vDlj mu yksxksa ds vius&vius xqV cu
tkrs FksA ;s nksuksa izns'k lkaLÑfrd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V;ksa ls mÙkj izns'k dh vis{kk dkQ+h fodflr
FksA fygkt+k esjs vykok ;s yM+fd;ka vfèkd i<+h&fy[kh vkSj fopkjksa rFkk jgu&lgu esa vfèkd Lora=k
vkSj csf>>d FkhaA eSa mÙkj izns'k ds ,dne :f<+oknh ifjokj dh yM+dh vkSj cgw FkhA ,sls okrkoj.k
esa iyh tgka fdlh yM+ds ds lkeus fudyuk rd o£tr FkkA gj le; insZ esa jguk iM+rk FkkA
LokHkkfod gh Fkk fd vDlj eq>s mu yM+fd;ksa ds O;ogkj ls vius fiNMs+iu dk vglkl gksrk Fkk
vkSj izk;% eSa ,dne vdsyh iM+ tkrh FkhA fcu; nk us esjs Hkkoqd eu dh O;Fkk dks igpkuk vkSj
rjg&rjg ls esjs eu esa vkRefo'okl txkus dh dksf'k'k dhA mUgsa 'kk;n esjs O;ogkj ls irk py
x;k Fkk fd eq>esa vU; yM+fd;ksa dh rjg csf>>diu pkgs ugha gS] ij gk£ndrk gS vkSj eSa gj fdlh

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 355

dh enn djus ds fy, mRlqd jgrh gwaA ;g Bhd gS fd eSaus cgqr i<+uk ugha lh[kk Fkk] ij tUe ls gh

;g rks lh[kk gh Fkk fd ?kj ds lkjs dke YkM+fd;ksa dks gh djus pkfg,] diM+ksa dks Bhd j[kuk] oD+r ij
ykxs kas dks [kkuk] pk; uk'rk nus k] [kkuk Lokfn"V cukuk vkfnA yMd+ s vius fgLls ds pkoy chuas ;k viuh
deht+ esa cVu yxk;sa] ;g eq>ls fcYdqy cnkZ'r ugha gksrk FkkA fcu; nk us esjh bl izo`fÙk dh f[kYyh

u mM+kdj esjs O;ogkj dks lcds lkeus ,sls :i esa j[kk ftlls lpeqp gh eq>s ogka ds lnL;ksa esa
ifjorZu ut+j vk;kA eSaus eglwl fd;k fd vc lc yksx ghun`f"V ls u ns[kdj eq>ls Hkh lEeku ds
lkFk O;ogkj djus yxs gSaA

bl izdkj fcu; nk ds iz;kl ds dkj.k eq>esa fQj vkRefo'okl iSnk gqvkA ;g fcYdqy lp
gS fd ;fn fcu; nk us esjs bl :f<+xr laLdkjksa dh leL;k dks igpkudj eq>s mRlkfgr u fd;k
gksrk vkSj ogka ds lkfFk;ksa dk O;ogkj u cnyk gksrk rks 'kk;n eSa lsaVªy VªÃi NksM+dj okfil vk tkrhA

ij tc ,d ckj eu esa vkRefo'okl tkxk rks lcls lacaèk Hkh vPNs cus vkSj fQj eSaus vius lkjs
:f<+xr caèkuksa dks fudkydj viuk ,d gh y{; cukdj eu gh eu iz.k fd;k fd vc eSa vius
dke dks lPps eu ls vfèkd ls vfèkd vPNk djds gh ns'k dh lsok d:axhA blh chp :ch nÙk

ls esjh ?kfUk"B fe=krk gks x;h FkhA mldk LoHkko Hkh cgqr dqN esjh rjg FkkA ge nksuksa cgqr losjs
mBdj u`R; dk [kwc vH;kl djrs vkSj lHkh ds dke esa enn djus dks rS;kj jgrsA fQj rks dqN gh
fnuksa esa ,slk gks x;k fd ge nksuksa iwjs dYpjy LDokM ds vR;fèkd fiz; lnL; cu x;s FksA

fcu; nk ds O;fDrRo esa xaHkhjrk ds lkFk fouksn'khyrk Hkh [kwc ek=kk esa FkhA lsaVªy VªÃi ds iwjs
okrkoj.k dks cgqr gh lgt] vkReh; rks cuk;s j[krs gh Fks] chp&chp esa ,sls pqVdys Hkh lquk nsrs
ftlls lc Bgkdk ekjdj gal iM+rsA geesa ls dbZ yksxksa dks os vyx&vyx uke ls iqdkjrs] tSls

izse èkou dks yLlh ikWV dgrs rks xaxkèkju dks dFkdfy ckbZ] eq>s pkV&idksM+hA blls Hkh vkil esa
cM+h vkReh;rk cuh jgrhA eSa fganh cksyrh Fkh ij lsaVªy Vªià esa caxkyh lnL; T+;knk FksA fQj eq>s
ckaxyk Hkk"kk vPNh yxrh Fkh] vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs eSaus ckaxyk cksyuk 'kq: fd;k rks eSa cgqr gh x+yr&lyr

ckaxyk 'kCn vkSj okD; cksy tkrh Fkh] ftl ij lc gal iM+rs FksA ,d fnu fcu; nk us eq>ls dgk
fd rqe esjh fganh Bhd dj fn;k djksA ckrphr ds nkSjku esa mudks x+yr fganh ds fy, Vksdrh jgrhA
blls dHkh&dHkh cM+h ets+nkj fLFkfr;ka iSnk gksrhaA ,d ckj gesa lM+d ij pyrs&pyrs dbZ txg

flikgh [kM+s fn[ks rks fcu; nk us dgk] ^irk ugha] vkt bruk iqfyl D;ksa [kM+k gSA* eSaus dgk] ^fcu;
nk] iqfyl ^[kM+k* ugha ^[kM+h gS* gksxkA* blh rjg fdlh eqYyk dh nk<+h ns[kdj og cksys] ^okg] bldk
nk<+h rks cgqr yack gSA* eSaus Vksdk] ^fcu; nk] fganh fQj x+yr gks x;hA nk<+h yack ugha] yach gksxhA*

rc fcu; nk ,dne fpeM+ x;sA cksys] ^HkbZ js[kk] rqEgkjh fganh esa cM+k xM+cM+ ?kksVkyk gSA igys bls
Bhd djks] rc ge i<+saA* eSaus iwNk] ^D;ksa\* cksys] ^;g Hkh dksbZ Hkk"kk gqbZ fd iqfyl ds toku] rkd+roj
vkneh] canwd&ykBh fy;s [kM+s jgus okys] L=khfyax dSls gks ldrs gSaA blh rjg nk<+h ls ljklj vkneh

Vid jgk gSA t+kfgj gS] fdlh vkSjr ds nk<+h ugha mx ldrhA fQj ;g nk<+h dSls L=khfyax gks x;hA*
blh rjg ftruh dksey] lqanj phts+a gksrh Fkha] mUgsa os L=khfyax cksy tkrs Fks] ij ges'kk ns[krs Fks gekjh
galh esa os Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

gekjh bl eaMyh esa izse èkou iatkc ls vk;k FkkA mls yLlh ihus vkSj xks'r] jksVh [kkus dh vknr
FkhA exj mu fnuksa jk'ku dk t+ekuk Fkk vkSj ikVhZ gSMDokVZj ds dE;wu esa lHkh dks [kkus ds lkFk eksVs

356 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

pkoy vkSj g¶+rs esa ,d fnu dsoy f[kpM+h [kkuh iM+rh FkhA izse cspkjk Bhd ls jksVh u feyus ls
cM+k nq[khA ij dE;wu esa jlksbZ dh bapktZ ekbZ ls dgus dh fdlh dh fgEer u iM+rh FkhA mldh
ijs'kkuh ns[kdj fcu; nk us mls mdlk;k] ^HkbZ yLlhikWV] rqEgsa xks'r vkSj jksVh pkfg, rks ,d xkuk
fy[kks cf<+;k&lkA 'kk;n rqEgkjh lquokbZ gks tk;sA* izse us lpeqp gh ,d xkuk fy[kk vkSj lc yksxksa
ds lkeus lquk;k ftlesa ikVhZ ds usrkvksa ds lkFk ekbZ Hkh FkhA xkus esa 'kq: dk can Fkk% ^xks'r pikrh
[kkuos kyk f[kpMh+ dlS s [kk;]s dh eaS >ëq ckfs y;k]a dkbs Z uk] dh eaS dÝq ’ ?kkfs y;k]a dkbs Z ukA* e[q ; ifa Dr
izse xkrk] ge lc ,d lkFk ^dksbZ uk] HkkbZ dksbZ uk* dgrsA izse dk ;g xkuk cgqr tek vkSj lcdks
rks [kwc et+k vk;k gh] lcls vk'p;Ztud ckr ;g gqbZ fd ekbZ] ftuds dBksj vuq'kklu ds lkeus
fdlh dh nky ugha xyrh] mudk eu fi?ky gh x;k vkSj izse ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls jksVh dh O;oLFkk
gksus yxhA

jkst+ gh ge fcu; nk ds funsZ'ku esa xkuksa dk vH;kl djrs Fks ftuesa ns'kHkfDr ds dqN iqjkus
izfl) xkus gksrs Fks vkSj dqN u;s fy[ks gq,A buesa ^fganh ge pkyhl djksM+*] ^lkjs tgka ls vPNk*]
^Hkw[kk gS caxky js lkFkh*] ^vc uHk esa irkdk ukpr gS*] ^;g tax gS taxs vkt+knh*] ^fnu [+kwu ds gekjs
I;kjs Hkwy u tkuk*] johanzukFk VSxksj ds ^fgalk mUer i`Foh*] ^vkejk u`ru tksousj nwr*] ^ckaèk Hksaxs nkvks*]
^ueks ta=k* vkfn FksA fcu; nk dk fy[kk gqvk] ^gksbZ gksbZ gksbZ] tkiku gksbZ* ge lc ^,D'ku lkWUx*
dh rjg xkrs FksA muds 'kCn vkSj Loj ,sls Fks fd nq'eu dks Hkxkus ds n`<+ ladYi ls ge lcds eu
,d vn~Hkqr vkst ls Hkj mBrs FksA yxrk gS] gekjs eu dk ;gh n`<+ ladYi Jksrkvksa dks cgqr izHkkfor
djrk FkkA izHkko dh n`f"V ls ,d xkuk cgqr gh izPkfyr gqvkA og Fkk] ^fQjkb;k ns ns ns eknsj dk;wj
caèkq nsjs* ftls fcu; nk us nf{k.k Hkkjr esa d;wj uked LFkku ds pkj Økafrdkjh ;qodksa ij fy[kk FkkA
ns'k dks Lora=k djkus ds iz;kl ds vijkèk esa fczfV'k ljdkj us mUgsa Qkalh ij yVdk fn;k FkkA ns'kizse
dh rM+i ml xkus esa QwV&QwV dj mHkjrh Fkh] D;ksafd oSlh gh n`<+rk vkSj tks'khyh vkokt+ esa tc os
xkrs Fks] ^pkj D;wjsj cnys vkS HkkbZ] vkHkkj gtkj&gtkj dk;wj pkbZ] gtkj&gtkj dk;wj pkbZ] gtkj&gtkj
dk;wj pkbZ* rks ge lc nqgjkrs FksA rc lpeqp gh ,slk yxrk Fkk os pkj ;qod gtkjksa dh la[;k esa
meM+s vk jgs gSaA gj Mxj] gj fn'kk ls muds vla[; flj Lora=krk laxzke ds fy, Åaps mBrs gh tk
jgs gSaA

lsaVªy VªÃi dh 'kq#vkr caxky LDokM ds dk;ZØe ds ckn 1944 dh vizSy esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj ekpZ
1947 esa og VwV x;kA ge lc viuh&viuh lqfoèkk vkSj t+:jrksa ds vuqlkj cacbZ ls vyx&vyx
txgksa ij pys x;sA mlds ckn vkil esa feyuk cgqr de gks x;k] ij og gk£ndrk rks eu esa cuh
gh jghA VªÃi NksM+us ds ckn fcu; nk ls igyh eqykdkr lu~ 1948 ds 'kq: eas vgenkckn esa tu
ukV~; la?k dh dkaÝsal esa gqbZA mudk O;ogkj] galh&et+kd+ djus dh vknr] xkus dk mRlkg igys tSlk
gh T;ksa dk R;ksa FkkA ,d ckj fQj ge yksxksa us feydj xhr xk;sA tqywl cukdj xkrs gq, vgenkckn
dh lM+dksa ij fudysA blds ckn lu~ 1949 esa bykgkckn esa tu ukV~; la?k dh dkaÝsal esa fcu;
nk dh cM+h izrh{kk jghA cacbZ NksM+us ds ckn ge yksx bykgkckn tkdj jgus yxs FksA ,d rjg ls
gekjs dkj.k gh ;g dkaÝsal ogka gks jgh Fkh vkSj blds vk;kstu dk dk;ZHkkj usfepanz tSu dks lkSaik
x;k FkkA fygkt+k eq[; gypy dk dsanz gekjk ?kj gh cu x;k FkkA fQj ls iqjkus fe=k feysaxs bldk
ge yksxksa ds eu esa cM+k mRlkg FkkA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 357

dkaÝsal 4&9 Q+jojh] 1949 esa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh ladh.kZrkoknh mxziaFkh uhfr ds varxZr jsyos
gM+rky dh Nk;k esa gks jgh FkhA fQj Hkh ml le; mlesa Hkkx ysus okyksa dk cM+k mRlkg FkkA lHkh
txg ls cM+s&cM+s dykdkj vk;s Fks ftuesa cyjkt lkguh] gchc ruohj] nhuk ikBd] lfyy pkSèkjh]
fgekax fc'okl] Hkwifr uanh] 'khyk HkkfV;k] vpyk lpnso] [kse flag ukxj] jktsanz j?kqoa'kh] m)o dqekj
vkfn lc bIVk ds vkSj ckn esa iwjs lkaLÑfrd txr esa izfl) gksus okys dykdkj FksA ij ftl O;fDr
ds vkus dh lcls vfèkd izrh{kk Fkh] ogh fcu; nk ugha vk;sA rHkh irk pyk fd os Hkkjro"kZ NksM+dj
:l pys x;s gSaA eSa vkSj usfe cgqr mnkl gks x;s] D;ksafd muds gksus ls rqjar gh ifjokfjd galh&et+kd+
dk tks ekgkSy cu tkrk Fkk] og ml bIVk dkaÝsal esa ugha cu ik;k vkSj ge lHkh mudh deh cgqr
eglwl djrs jgsA

blds dqN o"kZ ckn fQj ,d vkSj bIVk dkaÝsal cM+s t+ksj&'kksj ls fnYyh esa gqbZ] ij fcu; nk mlesa
Hkh lfEefyr ugha gks ldsA dbZ o"kZ xqt+j x;s] vpkud ,d fnu irk pyk fcu; nk :l ls okfil
vk x;s gSa vkSj os fnYyh esa gh gSa] tokgjyky usg: ;wfuo£lVh esa :lh Hkk"kk i<+krs gSaA cM+h eqf'dy
ls dbZ fnu ckn ge yksx feysA ftl gk£ndrk ls feys] yxk ge yksxksa ds chp vHkh Hkh oSlk gh
I;kj gSA ckrksa esa ;g Hkh ns[kk fd fcu; nk dh galh&et+kd+ djus dh vknr vHkh rd x;h ugha gSA
fQj muls FkksM+s&cgqr fnuksa ckn eqykd+kr gks gh tkrh vkSj tc feyrs] vDlj ge yksx feydj fQj
ls xhrksa dh eaMyh cukus dh ckr djrsA eq>s ;kn gS] vkf[k+jh ckj 1975 dh l£n;ksa eas e`R;q ls dqN
gh eghuksa igys tc ge 'kk;n MkW- lrh'kpanz ds ?kj ij feys rks ogka dbZ u;s vkSj vifjfpr yksxksa
dh vkSipkfjdrk okyk og [k+keks'k okrkoj.k fcu; nk dh mUeqDr galh vkSj vkReh; ckrphr ls eèkqj
vkSj lgt gks x;k FkkA eSaus vkSj usfe us rHkh dgha feydj tYnh gh bIVk ds lc xkuksa ij dqN dke
djus dk fu'p; fd;k FkkA ij vc fcu; nk ds fuèku dh [k+cj us lc dqN myV&iyV dj fn;kA
vc xkuksa dk dksbZ fu'p; iwjk ugha gks ldsxkA esjs lkeus mudk ogh fouksn'khy] vkstLoh psgjk
ckj&ckj pDdj yxk jgk FkkA lksprh jgh] lkèkkj.k&ls fn[kus okys dSls vn~Hkqr Fks fcu; nkA muds
O;fDrRo esa n`<+rk] eèkqjrk] ekuoh; laosnuk dh ij[k vkSj la;e dk ,slk vuks[kk lfEeJ.k Fkk] ,slh
ÅtkZ Fkh tks tuleqnk; dks vkxs c<+dj dke djus dh izsj.kk nsrh FkhA izkè;kiu esa Hkh os dq'ky FksA
vfHku; Hkh djrs Fks] ij ewyr% os ,sls xk;d] dfo] dykdkj Fks ftUgksaus gt+kjksa&yk[kksa ds ân; dks
thrk FkkA muesa ns'kizse dh vkx txk;h Fkh vkSj tu&tu ds fiz; FksA dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkeus
gkj u ekuus okys n`<+izfrK balku Fks os] cgqr cM+s balkuA

&&&dFkkns'k ls lkHkkj

358 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

'kkafr o/kZu

jkeizdk'k f=kikBh

jpukRed uR` ;kas dh ljpa uk djus okys n's k eas fxups qus gh urdZ g]aS mueas 'kkfa r o/kuZ cgs n ifz rHkk

lia Uu FkAs ,ls k yxrk gS tlS s ifz rHkk mudk ikz df` rd xq.k FkkA mUgkuas s foijhr ifjfLFkfr;kas ls l?a k"kZ

djrs gq, lQyrk,a vftrZ dhAa cgqr de ykxs gkrs s gaS tks vlgefr;kas vkjS vlra k"s k ds eyw dks idM+

ikrs gaS vkjS ,ls s ykxs kas eas os ykxs vkjS Hkh de gkrs s gaS tks mudk dykRed :ikra j.k dj ikrs gAaS 'kkfa r

,ls s gh FkAs
'kkafr o/kZu dh peRdkjh izLrqfr;ka] bafM;k bEeksVZy vkSj fLizV vkWQ bafM;k esa tgka u`R;&ukVî dh
vkfHk’ O;fä ds Hkh n'kuZ gkrs s gaS ogha lLa Ñfr ds ykds rRokas dk lkekz T;oknfojkès kh fopkjkas ds lxa
jpukRed lekgkj Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA &eqYd jkt vkuan

ykds ijia jk] 'kkfa r o/kuZ ¼ftUgas I;kj ls lHkh 'kkfa r nk dgrs Fk½s ds fy, ykds ds ifz r I;kj dk ifz r:i

Fkh vkjS 'kkL=kh;rk ykds lLa df` r dk i.w kZ ifjikdA mudh dyk dk fodkl Lor=a krk&lej ds nkjS ku

gqvk Fkk] blfy, mueas vtc lh cps uS h Fkh tks Hkkjrh; dykvkas dh mi{s kk ;k mlds foæiw hdj.k ls

mith FkhA blfy, 'kkfa r nk us uR` ; dks viuk eyw deZ t+:j cuk;k yfs du O;olk; ughAa mUgkuas s

ijia jk ls fofPNUu ih<+h dks ijia jk ls tkMs +us dk dke t+:j fd;k] yfs du :f<+;kas ls le>krS k dHkh

ugha fd;kA
bEekVs yZ bfa M;k ;kuh vrYq ; Hkkjr ! bl iLz rqfr us Hkkjrh; igpku dks iquifZ jHkkf"kr gh ugha

fd;k] uR` ;&ukVî ds fy, u;h Hkfw edk dk lt` u Hkh fd;kA ,ls h Hkfw edk ftleas ijia jk dh lqokl

gk]s iqujkfo"dkj dh {kerk gk]s tks fopkj/kkjk ls Hkh ylS gks vkjS iFz ker% vkjS vra r% tui{k/kj gkAs

tu i{k/kjrk dh mudh i"` BHkfw e Hkh de fnypLi ugha gAS 'kkfa r o/kuZ 1927 eas dkfs eYyk ls dydÙkk

vk;s vkjS vius cM+s HkkbZ /ku nk ds lkFk jgus yxAs rc os nl o"kZ ds 'krS ku cPps FkAs tlS k le;

Fkk vkjS bl fd'kkjs dh loa ns u'khyrk dk tks Lrj Fkk] mldh otg ls og lgt gh Økfa rdkfj;kas ds

lia dZ eas vk x;k vkjS mudh xfrfof/k;kas eas fgLlns kj cu x;kA t+kfgj gS fd Ldyw h i<+kbZ ls mldk

/;ku gVrk x;kA vkB&nl eghus rd Økfa rdkfj;kas ds fy, dke djus ds ckn 'kkfa r fxj¶+rkj dj

fy;k x;kA ml ij pkjs h&fNis Økfa rdkjh nykas dks enn igqpa kus dk lxa hu vkjkis yxk;k x;kA fd'kkjs

mez ds gkus s ds ckotnw mls pkj eghus lyk[+kkas ds ihNs dkVus iM+As iqfyl mlls Økfa rdkfj;kas ds

ir&s fBdku]s vìs rFkk muds urs R` odkjh lkfFk;kas ds irs mxyokuk pkgrh FkhA yfs du lHkh lHa ko

;kruk,a nds j Hkh mldk eqga ugha [kqyok;k tk ldkA vycÙkk bl lcdk mlds LokLF; ij cgqr cqjk

iHz kko iM+kA /ku nk us mls okfil dkfs eYyk Hkts fn;kA

tys dh Nki yx tkus ds dkj.k Økfa rdkfj;kas ls lia dZ lHa ko ugha jg x;k FkkA os iqfyl dh

fuxkg eas p<+ pqds FkAs fygktk mUgkuas s NqViu ds ilna hnk uR` ; ds 'kkdS eas eu yxk;kA os dkfs eYyk

ls ef.kiqj x;As ogka mUgkuas s xq# vca quh flga ls ckjg lky rd fVijs k ykds uR` ; lh[kkA vca quh bl

fo/kk ds lHa kor% vfa re xq# FkAs ifz 'k{k.k ds ckn 'kkfa r o/kuZ Ng eghus rd blfy, ,dkra okl eas

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 359

jgs D;kfas d os fo/kk dks viuh rjg ls vkRelkr djuk pkgrs FkAs muds fnekx+ eas iow hZ cxa ky ¼vc

ckXa ykn's k½ dh ykds /kqu]as ef.kiqjh dh y;dkjh] ykds fp=kk]as ykds dykdkjkas dh Hkfa xekvk&as eqnkz vkas vkjS
inz 'kuZ {kerkvkas dks dlS s viuh fo/kk eas lekfgr djas & ;g lc ?kqeM+ jgk FkkA os cqfu;knh rkjS ij
ykds loa ns h dykdkj Fk&s ;g vDlj xqy o/kuZ vkjS iHz kkr xkxa qyh us crk;kA vra jk"Z Vhª ; foKku dkxa lsz

eas ¼dkys dkrk] 1938½ eas tc mUgkuas s ,dy uR` ; iLz rqr fd;k rks lkjk uR` ;&txr muds dk'S ky] ifz rHkk
vkjS i;z kxs /kferZ k ls peRdr` gqvkA fgjus ?kk"s k us muds fVijs k uR` ; dh vnH~ kqr iLz rqfr;ka n's k Hkj eas
djok;hAa bl rjg mUgas n's kO;kih igpku feyhA ¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k la[;k&&12½

tlS k fd lc tkurs gaS fd 'kkfa r o/kuZ mn;'kda j ds dfu"B vkjS ?kfu"B lkFkh FkAs lu 1940
eas os mn;'kda j ds vYekMs +k fLFkr dYpjy lVas j ls tqM+ x;As ¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k la[;k&&13½
;gka mudk lia dZ dFkdyh ds xq# 'kda ju uca fw nfj] HkjrukVî~ e ds dneZ fiYybZ ls gqvkA vca quh flga

¼ef.kiqjh½ ls rks os igys gh ifz 'k{k.k ikz Ir dj pqds FkAs mn;'kda j dk lkFk vkjS ekxnZ 'kuZ muds fy,
u;h gok ds leku FkkA ;gka 'kq)rkokn dh txg fofo/k 'kfS y;kas ds lekgkj dh lHa kkouk Hkh FkhA
njvly] mn;'kda j us 1930 eas tks u;h 'kyS h dh [kkts 'kq: dh Fkh] 'kkfa r nk us mls ijsz d ijia jkvkas

eas xFaw k dj vkxs c<+k;kA dfiyk okRL;k;u us crk;k fd mUgkuas s vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; uR` ; ds bfrgkl
eas viuh ifjdYiuk dh vuqierk] uR` ;jpukvkas ds i;z kxs k]as ngs xfr;kas vkjS epa dh Hkk"kk eas uokUs e"s k
ds }kjk ,ls s vk;ke tkMs +s ftUgkuas s lkFkdZ i;z kxs /kferZ k ds }kj [kkys As

'kkfa r nk vxj vk/kqfud le; dh vfr dYiuk'khy uR` ;ukfVdkvkas eas vx.z kh jgs rks mlds ihNs
mudh uR` ;&dYiukvkas ds vykok ftl pht+ dk cM+k gkFk jgk] og Fkh ekDlh;Z nf` "VA ;g vkdfLed
ugha Fkk fd os u flQ+Z Hkkjrh; tu ukVî l?a k ¼bIVk½ ls cfYd dE;qfuLV ikVhZ }kjk lpa kfyr uR` ;

'kk[kk] lVas yª LdkMW ls Hkh lca ) jgAs ijia jk ds iqu#RFkkuoknh #>kuk]as lkera h :f<+;kas dks nj fdukj
djrs gq,] ykds vkLFkk dks Bls igqpa k;s fcuk feFkd dk tueq[kki{s kh vkjS jpukRed bLres ky dlS s fd;k
tk ldrk g]S ;g mUgkuas s crk;kA pfaw d ftls ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh eas bfrgkl dgk tkrk g]S mldh

ijia jk Hkkjr eas phuh ;kf=k;kas ds vkxeu ls igys ugha Fkh] blfyf,'‘ kkfa r nk us Hkkjrh; lLa df` r dh
}}a kRed O;k[;k djrs gq, viuh le> cuk;h vkjS u;k jkLrk [kkts kA¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k
la[;k&&14] 15½

;g tkuuk de fnypLi ugha gS fd mn;'kda j ls vyx gkus s ds ckn tc os u;h jkgkas ds
vuqlèa kku eas tqVs Fks rc dfooj lqfe=kuna u ira us mUgas vkjS vouh nklxqIrk dks cca bZ ys tkdj
Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds egklfpo dkejMs ih- lh- tk's kh ls feyok;kA de ykxs tkurs gaS fd ira

th vkjS tk's kh th eas vkReh; lca /a k FkAs blh ds ckn os bIVk ls vkjS lVas yª LDokMW ls tqM+As yxHkx
;gh le; Fkk ¼1943½ tc cxa ky Hkh"k.k vdky dh piVs eas vk;kA blls fuiVus ds fy, ftruh
lgk;rk dh vi{s kk Fkh] mldk iklxa Hkh fcfz V'k gqdew r ijw k ugha dj jgh FkhA vklikl ls feyus okys

tu&lg;kxs ls Hkh dke ugha py jgk FkkA Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ us blds fy, jk"VOª ;kih prs uk
txkus vkjS lgk;rk tqVkus dh ;kts uk cuk;hA oDr+ ds lkFk dky dk xkz l c<+rk tk jgk FkkA ft+na xh
dh Mkjs as VVw rh tk jgh FkhAa cgqr de le; FkkA ,ls s eas ikVhZ dh ijsz .kk ls lxa hre; ukVî~ jpuk dh

pqukrS h 'kkfa r nk us Lohdkj dhA cgqr de le; eas mUgkuas s ^Hk[w kk gS cxa ky* dh fnykas dks fgyk nus s
okyh lja puk dhA cxa ky ij 'k"s k Hkkjr dh rVLFkrk dks rkMs +us eas bl uR` ;&ukVî us ,fs rgkfld Hkfw edk

360 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fuHkk;hA Hk[w k dh =kklnh dk]s eR` ;q dh ân; fonkjd Nfo;kas ls mUgkuas s ikz ;% fu%'kCn uR` ;&ukfVdk dks
eek±rd lxa hr ds lkFk xFaw kkA igyh ckj epa ij dda ky uR` ; n[s kdj cca bZ ls ita kc rd ds gt+kjkas
n'kdZ LrCèk gq, vkjS cxa ky vdky ls fuiVus ds fy, voke us eqägLr ls nku fn;kA

c's kd dyk&fo'k"s kKkas vkjS dyk&leh{kdkas ds vuqlkj ;g iLz rqfr 'kkfa r nk dh jpukRedrk dk
mRd"` V ueuw k ugha FkhA yfs du bls [k+kl ed+ln ds fy,] lhfer lt` u {kerk ds lkFk Hkkokns dsz h <xa
ls cuk;k x;k FkkA ftl mí's ; ds fy, ^“ Hk[w kk gS cxa ky* ukfVdk r;S kj dh x;h Fkh] mleas vycÙkk
og vi{s kk ls vf/kd lQy jghA dyk dk cM+k ifz reku Hkys gh u x<+k tk ldk gks yfs du mlus
'kkfa r nk dh loa ns u'khyrk dk ifjp; lkjs n's k ls djok;k vkjS lk/kkj.k ykxs kas eas ls ldS M+kas mRlkgh
;qokvkas dks ijsz d lna 's k fnyok;kA blh dk iHz kko Fkk fd mUgas uR` ;] xku] flrkj] rkyok| tlS s
jpukRed dkekas ds fy, ;qotukas dh cM+h Vkys h feyhA c's kd ;s ;qok ifz 'kf{kr vkjS fu".kkr dykdkj
ugha FksA 'kkafr nk us esgur ls bUgsa rS;kj fd;kA muds vuU; lkFkh laxhrdkj&dksfj;ksxzkQ+j
viqfudrkZ us ,d txg fy[kk gS fd Vkxa kas ij [kM+h dkbs Z Hkh pht+ mUgas ns nhft,] os mls uR` ; eas cny
nxas As viqfu [kqn oke i{k/kj FkAs mUgkuas s fy[kk gS fd pkyhl ds n'kd eas mUgkuas s cca bZ ds jMs ¶+yxs
gky eas mudh dkfs jvkxs kz Q+h vkjS uR` ; fun'Zs ku dk deky n[s kk FkkA lkFkh uR` ;kxa uk,a Fkh&a yhyk lnqa j;S k]
¼dk- lqna j;S k dh iRuh½] fnu'kk pkjh ¼,Mokds Vs ,-,l-pkjh dh iRuh½] nhuk l?a koh ¼tks ckn eas nhuk
ikBd gqb½aZ ] 'kkra k xk/a kh vkfnA ;s efgyk,a ikz ;% ?kjys w ;k ikVhZ ,fDVfoLV gh T+;knk FkhAa budks yfyr
uR` ; ds ekQ+rZ Hkko&loa kn djrs gq, n[s kuk lq[kn vk'p;Z FkkA txa s vkt+knh ds nkjS ku jk"Vhª ;rk ds
Tokj eas uR` ; fo/kkvkas dk mRd"kZ rks gks jgk Fkk yfs du Fkk og iqjkuh ckrs y eas iqjkuh 'kjkc dh ekfuna
ghA 'kkfa r o/kuZ us mldk lgh vFkkZas eas iqujkfo"dkj fd;kA bfa M;k bEekVs yZ eas tgka dykvkas ds Hkkjrh;
Lo.k;Z qxhu xkjS o ds lekz T;okn ds gkFkkas nqnkrZa iru dks fo"k; cuk;k x;k Fkk] ogha u;h uR` ;ukfVdk
n“ fLiVz vkQW + bfa M;k” dks t+ehna kjh vkjS lkera h 'kk”s"k.k ds lkFk vkiS fuofs 'kd vR;kpkjkas ij dfas nrz fd;k
x;k FkkA bleas lkLa df` rd] lektkfFkdZ vkjS vkRefuHkjZ Hkkjr dh rLohj mdjs h x;h FkhA bldk lxa hr
'kkfa r o/kuZ vkjS viqfudrkZ us r;S kj fd;k FkkA

vkt+knh ls nks lky igys 45 feuV dh ;g lkgfld iLz rqfr f>>a kMs + dj j[k nus s okyh FkhA ;g
^Hk[w kk gS cxa ky* ls cgqr vkxs dk d+ne gh ugha Fkk] Hkkjrh; cyS s ds fodklØe dk vge iM+ko Hkh
FkkA }}a kRedrk dh nf` "V us 'kkfa r nk dks le>k fn;k Fkk fd ,fs rgkfldrk] lkLa df` rd xkjS o vkjS
lknaS ;Z fpra u ds fcuk ckr cuxs h ughAa ;g nf` "V n fLiVz vkQW + bfa M;k” eas ifjyf{kr gkrs h gAS

ecqa bZ ds v/a kjs h bykd+s eas ,d [kq'k: yktW gqvk djrh FkhA ogka lkS lky iqjkuk ,d oVo{` k FkkA
cM+k lk mtkM+ cx+hpk Fkk] exj vke vkjS phdw tlS s iMs +kas ls Hkjijw A dgrs gaS oVo{` k ds uhps dqN inS k
ugha gkrs kA 'kkfa r o/kuZ us exj Hkkjrh; lLa df` r ds oVo{` k dk fonkgs u djds v/a kjs h ds bl oVo{` k ds
uhps Hkkjrh; cyS s ds ,ls s :ikdkj x<+s tks bfrgkl&dyk lLa df` r eas ekud dh rjg vkda s x;As [kq'k:
yktW eas 'kkfa r nk dk dyk&eMa y fuokl ugha djrk FkkA ogka dyk&dE;uw gqvk djrk FkkA egk'ors k
nos h us ogka ds ekgkyS dk o.kuZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd ;g dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh dE;uw i)fr ij
lpa kfyr gks jgk FkkA ,d ifjokj dh rjgA yfoxa d;s j vkjS dBkjs vuq'kklu ds lkFkA [kkuk cuku]s
lkQ+&lQ+kb]Z fopkj foe'kZ lfgr lHkh pht+kas eas lc lk>hnkj FkAs xqy o/kuZ us crk;k fd ge lc
lkFk gla ]s yM+]s >xM+s vkjS vkxs c<+As fdlh dks y{; vkjS fopkj/kkjk ds ckjs eas dkbs Z Hkez ugha FkkA lcds

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 361

vna j vkx Fkh] dqN dj fn[kkus dhA ,d vkn'kZ ds fy, dke djus dhA ;gh og xqzi Fkk tks bIVk
ds vra xrZ jg dj Hkh lh/ks ikVhZ ds lVas yª LDokMW ds fy, dke djrk jgkA fLiVz vkQ bfa M;k” dh fLizV
dk lh/kk lca /a k ikVhZ ds lkfFk;kas dh fLiVz vkjS ikz Rs lkgu ls FkkA ¼ns[ksa] dykohfFkdk&2] fp=k la[;k&&16]
17] 18 vkSj 19½

eq[+rlj ;g fd lVas yª LDokMW tu ukVî l?a k dk dnas hz ; xqzi cu x;kA gkykfa d bldk dke uR` ;
vkjS uR` ; ukfVdkvkas rd lhfer FkkA 'kkfa r o/kuZ blds uR` ; fun'Zs kd FkAs jfo 'kda j dks Hkh lxa hr
fun'Zs ku dk dke lkiaS k x;k FkkA dke djus ds fy, ifz 'kf{kr dykdkjkas ds ctk; u;s vkjS ikz ;%

uR` ;&fuj{kj] yfs du mRlkgh ykxs kas dh Vkys h tqVhA fnu&jkr dh egs ur ls 'kkfa r nk us viuh j.kuhfr
cuk dj uR` ; dk tks Lo:i r;S kj fd;k mleas ykds Fkk] 'kkL=kh;rk Fkh] ykds fp=kkas okyh fp=kkis erk
Fkh] fefu;ps j ifas VXl ls mits n'` ;c/a k FkAs blds fy, mUgkuas s reke iqLrdky;kas dh [+kkd NkuhA

mUgkuas s ,ls h ?kVuk,a vkjS ,ls s ilz xa kas dks pquk tks eq[; fo"k; dh t+:jr dks ijw k djrs FkAs os lna 's k
nus k pkgrs Fks fd ,fs rgkfld] lkekftd vkjS vkfFkdZ rkd+rkas us Lor=a krk dh pkg dks fljtk gAS
lkekftd U;k; mldh lcls cM+h t+:jr FkhA bldh r;S kjh eas vk| bfrgkl] ikz phu bfrgkl] e/

;dkyhu vkjS vkèkqfud bfrgkl ds l=w kkas dk dyki{k ls nLrkots +hdj.k fd;k x;kA uR` ; dh uO;
'kyS h eas 'kkL=kh;rk vkjS ykds rRokas ds lkFk vk/kqfudrk dk Hkh lfEeJ.k FkkA ,fs rgkfld dky ioz kg
ogka FkkA dia kts +h'ku] fot+u] LVkby] Q+keZ lc eas u;kiu FkkA bUgha phtkas ls r;S kj gq,] ”fLiVz vkQW
bfa M;k” vkjS bEekVs yZ bfa M;k”A i[z ;kr uR` ;fon~ deyk nos h pêkis k/;k; us dgk gS fd Hkkjr vkt+knh
dh ngyht ij Fkk vkjS 'kkfa r o/kuZ dk dke xoZ vkjS Lor=a krk dh prs uk ds foLrkj dks u;s :ikdkj
ns jgk FkkA

cky jxa epa ds fy, mYy[s kuh; vonku nus s okyh j[s kk tuS vius ifr ufs epna tuS ds lkFk
dydÙkk ls cca bZ vk;h FkhAa dydÙkk dh ikVhZ bl lkLa df` rd bdkbZ dks enn igqpa kuk pkgrh FkhA
cxa ky] tkiku dh ceokjh >ys pqdk FkkA vdky >ys jgk FkkA t+:jr turk dh lgk;rk dh FkhA

muds Vqªi us xqtjkr] egkjk"V]ª ita kc ls dkQ+h /ku tek fd;kA os dgrh gaS fd mUgas 'kkfa r nk dh
f'k";k gkus s ij xoZ gAS mudh f'k{kk ds dkj.k gh os cky jxa epa dk lpa kyu dj ik;hAa j[s kk th us
Hkkis ky eas 'kkfa r nk ij gq, lfs eukj eas crk;k fd 1943 eas bIVk dk xBu gks pqdk FkkA mn; 'kda j

xqzi fc[kj pqdk FkkA Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds egklfpo] dkejMs ih-lh- tk's kh lVas yª cyS s Vqªi ds
fy, lger gks x;s FkAs blds fy, os dydÙks ls pquh x;h FkhAa 'kkfa r nk us fdl rjg uR` ; ny
dks x<+k] bl ij mUgkuas s foLrkj ls ckr dh FkhA 'kkfa r nk eas cgs rj dks cgs rjhu cukus dk tquuw FkkA

muds ifz 'k{k.k eas dkbs Z 'kfS FkY; ugha FkkA 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke dh Dykl] uR` ;&eqnkz vkas dh Dykl]
in&lpa kyu dh Dykl] ;gka rd fd uR` ; ds fo"k; vkjS jktuhfrd&lkekftd&vkfFkdZ eqíkas ij
fopkj&foe'kZ dh DyklA 'kkfa r nk dkbs Z dkus k [k+kyh ugha NkMs rs FkAs foJke muds fy, tlS s Fkk gh

ughAa ^vkjke gjke g*S ds ukjs dks os lgh rjg ls thrs vkjS pfjrkFkZ djrs FkAs lxa hr] ok| lxa hr
dh Dykl igys fcu; jk; yrs s Fk]s 'kq: eas vofunkl xqIrk us ifz 'k{k.k fn;k] ckn eas jfo'kda j lxa hr
fun'Zs kd gks x;As bu dkykdkjkas dks jkuq nk] mLrkn vykmíhu [k+k]a lfpu 'kda j vkjS ykds &lxa hr]

ykds uR` ; ds 'kh"kLZ Fk xq#vkas ls cgqr dqN lh[kus dks feykA lc dqN bruk ofS o/;i.w kZ fd vkjHa k eas
fdlh fn'kk dk ck/s k ugha gkrs k FkkA mUgas irk ugha Fkk fd os fdl 'kyS h eas dke dj jgs gAaS njvly

362 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

uR` ; dh fdlh f?klh&fiVh yhd ij os py Hkh ugha jgs FkAs mudh uR` ; lja pukvkas vkjS uR` ; ukfVdkvkas
ij fdlh Ldyw fo'k"s k dh Nki ugha FkhA

thou ikf.k mUgas ;kas gh n'` ;&dfo ugha dgrs FkAs ;g fVIi.kh muds vkdkj&idz kj ;k O;fäRo
ij ugha FkhA mudk NkVs k&lk d+n Fkk] xgjk lkoa yk jxa ] ?ku&s ?k?aq kjkys cky! iFz ke nf` "V eas os egku dykora
yxrs Hkh ugha FkAs Åij ls vfr'k; fouez vkjS cgrq gh de ckys us okyAs [k+ kek's kh eas Hkh n'` ;’ &fcca kas
dh jpuk gkrs h jgrh FkhA 'kkL=kh; ijia jk eas ukVd dks n'` ;dkO; dgk tkrk gAS 'kkfa r o/kuZ rks vuqie
n'` ;&c/a kkas ds l"` Vk FkAs mUgas blhfy, thou ikf.k fotqvy ikbs V dgrs FkAs os ekurs gaS fd tgka rd
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dk ,d 'kjs ;kn vk jgk gS %

os rks lksrs gSa flQZ+ [+okc esa tkus ds fy,

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u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 363

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cu dj vkxs vk;ha mudh iqjkuh lkFkh xqyA ikVhZ dh uR` ; 'kk[kk ds vkjS lkFkh Hkh FkAs xqy] yfs du
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364 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

Lef` r eas lta krs s jgs vkjS jkedFkk fo"k;d xFaz kkas ls t>w rs jgAs
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ugha dykdkjkas dh fd mUgas jktlh lna HkZ eas iLz rqr fd;k tk ldAs rHkh muds eu eas dBiqryh 'kyS h
dk fopkj dk/aS kkA mUgas yxk fd ;g 'kyS h rks cPpkas ls cqtqxkZas rd lcdks ilna vk;xs hA bl ij eghukas
dke pykA cyjkt lkguh blls [+kkls [k+Q+k FkAs os dgrs Fks fd dBiqrfy;kas ds tdhZ eow eVas l~ ls
cyS s dh xfr iHz kkfor gkxs h vkjS eq[kkVS kas ds i;z kxs ls Hkko lia "sz k.k lHa ko ugha gkxs kA 'kkfa r nk exj ik"kk.k
eas vfgY;k&iHz kko inS k djuk pkgrs FkAs

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ldrk gAS

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fefu;ps j ifas VXl dh ,d iqjkuh fdrkc fn[kk;h ftleas pkdS kjs vkjS vk;rkdkj eq[kkVS s FkAs fQj D;k
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dk lk/kkj.khdj.k dj ldAs yfs du 'kkfa r nk us jkek;.k eas dk"B dh dyk dks vgY;k ls vf/kd okpky
vkjS dk#f.kd cuk dj fn[kk fn;kA vkjHa k ,d eys s ds n'` ; ls gAS bleas n's k ds lHkh ikz ra kas ds ykxs
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ls 23 ½

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 365

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dks vfHkO;fä nus s okyk cyS s euaS s ugha n[s kkA*

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nus s eas bl vkna kys u dh Hkfw edk dks Hkyk dkuS udkj ldrk gAS

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366 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

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gSaA jkek;.k dh igyh iLz rqfr dk ;g lkBoka lky g]S ;g vk'p;tZ ud gAS ftrus lky ls ;g cyS s
py jgk gS mruh mez rks nqfu;k eas fdlh cyS s xqzi dh Hkh ugha gAS

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ds Bhd igys dkVs Z eas 'kknh dj yh FkhA ;g iesz fookg ls T;knk ,d ft+n fookg FkkA ml le; ykxs kas
us Hkkoqd gkds j dguk 'kq: fd;k Fkk fd xqy us 'kkfa r ds jä ls viuh ekxa Hkjh gAS t+kfgj gS xqy]
xqy ls xqy o/kuZ gks x;ha vkjS mudh lLa Fkk vkt Hkh thfor gAS

'kkfa r o/kuZ ds ckn dkfs j;kxs kz Q+h dk Hkkj muds vYekMs +k dkyhu lg;kxs h iHz kkr xkxa qfy us fyfVy
cyS s Vqªi ds fy, rk&mez ogu fd;kA Xokfy;j eas ^fyfVy cyS s Vqªi* ds ,d iqjkus fe=k vK;s us dgk
fd vkidh cyS s jpukvkas ds e;kj ds fglkc ls blds uke eas jxa Jh tqM+uk pkfg,A rc ls ;g lLa Fkk
^jxa Jh fyfVy cyS s Vqªi* ds uke ls tkuh tk jgh gAS

'kkfa r nk dh ijia jk eas dkfynkl dr` e?s knrw ij viqfudrk]Z okld jkl ij ckcw flga u]s {kfq /
kr ik"kk.k] HkSjoh] e/kq'kkyk] i'kqr=a k] Lojfcca ] lqHkk"”k pna z ckls ] pØO;gw ij iHz kkr xkxa qyh u]s johna uz kFk
Bkdqj dr` eqä/kkjk ij ujnas z 'kekZ u]s vkdkjkas dh ;k=kk ij cla h dkyS us rFkk egkHkkjr ij xqy o/
kuZ us cyS s r;S kj fd;As lLa Fkk ds fy, jk?kou okfj;j] d"` .kpna z uk;d] fxjh'k ekgs ra k] pna z ek/ko ckfjd
us Hkh cyS s r;S kj fd;As

Hkkis ky eas vkt 'kkfa r o/kuZ ds uke ij j[ks x;s 'kkfa r ekxZ dh nks ,dM+ Hkfw e ij ^jxa Jh fyfVy
cyS s Vqªi* dh jxa Hkfw e gAS fnypLi gS fd egk'ors k nos h us viuk pkFS kk ckXa yk miU;kl 'kkfa r o/kuZ
vkjS xqy o/kuZ ds dyk i;z Ruk]as iesz lca /a kkas vkjS fopkj/kkjk ij dfas nrz dj fy[kk gS mldk uke g]S e/
kqjS eèkqjA

dk'k ;g dykRed ek/kq;Z n's k dks 'kkfa r nk vkjS dqN cjl ns ikrAs

eks- 09753425445

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 367

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs

ghjk tuknZu

dgk tkrk gS fd izfrHkk tUetkr gksrh gS] izfrHkkvksa dks x<+k ugha tk ldrk gS] ij v..kkHkkÅ
lkBs bl mfDr ds iwjh rjg fo#ð tku iM+rs gSaA mudh izfrHkk o dyk dk tUe] fodkl o mRd"kZ
rRdkyhu lkekftd o jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr ls gh laHko gqvkA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs egkjk"Vª ds ekrax lekt ls FksA tSlk fd fofnr gS] ekrax leqnk; ds yksx
ikjaifjd :i ls e`r tkuojksa ds peM+s dks fudky dj mlls twrs o vU; izdkj dh oLrq,a cukrs gSaA
v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dk tUe bl misf{kr o fuEu le>s tkus okys leqnk; esa gqvkA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs Ldwy tkus yxsA ogka nfyr o vU; fiNM+h tkfr;ksa ds cPPkksa ds fy, vyx
d{kk dh O;oLFkk FkhA f'k{kd Hkh lo.kZ tkfr;ksa ls gqvk djrs FksA HksnHkko ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkkj gh
os ,slh d{kkvksa esa tk;k djrs FksA ,slh HksnHkkoiw.kZ f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks ns[kdj cpiu esa gh v..kkHkkÅ
lkBs ds eu esa fonzksg ds vadqj QwVus yxsA mUgksaus ikB'kkyk tkuk Hkh can dj fn;k] ysfdu f'k{kd
v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dks ikl djrs jgsA bl rjg mUgksaus rRdkyhu fefMy Ldwy ¼lkroha½ rd i<+kbZ dhA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs cpiu ls gh vius firk ds lkFk rjg&rjg ds dke djus yxsA X;kjg o"kZ dh
mez esa gh mUgsa vej 'ks[k+ dh rjg thou ds dVq vuqHkoksa ls nks&pkj gksuk iM+kA nwljksa ds ?kjksa esa
>kMw&iksaNk&crZu vkfn ds dke ls ysdj dks;yk dqyh] fctyh ds rkj [khapuk] t+ehu esa ikbi fcNkuk]
flusek ds iksLVj fpidkuk vkfn dke fd;k djrs FksA bu dkeksa ls muds thou esa fofoèk vuqHko
o jkx&jax dk lekos'k gqvkA v..kkHkkÅ lkBs ds eu esa cpiu ls gh yksddyk ds izfr xgjk vkd"kZ.k
FkkA vius fj'rsnkj eesjs HkkbZ ckiw lkBs dh ukV~;eaMyh ds lkFk os esys vkfn esa tk;k djrs FksA ,sls
gh ,d esys ds nkSjku v..kkHkkÅ us Økafr¯lg ukuk ikfVy dk Økafrdkjh Hkk"k.k lquk vkSj mlls dkQ+h
izHkkfor gq,A

eqacbZ esa vkus ds ckn mUgksaus diM+k feyksa esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA tSlk fd dgk tkrk gS] diM+k
feysa VsªM ;wfu;u dh ulZjh gqvk djrh gSaA 1936 esa v..kkHkkÅ lkBs èkkjkoh ds yscj dSai esa jgk djrs
Fks] èkkjkoh ds ,LVªsyk daiuh ds iM+ksl dh >ksaiM+iV~Vh esaA mu fnuksa eqacbZ esa dE;qfuLVksa dk cksyckyk
FkkA v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dks dE;qfuLV ikVhZ esa ykus dk dke èkkjkoh ds dkWejsM 'kadj ixkjs us fd;kA
dkWejsM 'kadj ukjk;.k ixkjs vDlj dgk djrs] ^lkE;oknh vkanksyu dks ;fn tulkekU; rd igqapkuk
gS rks gkFk esa <ksy&eathjk ysuk t+:jh gSA* bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa v..kkHkkÅ lkBs ds eu esa ifjorZu dh
ykylk LokHkkfod FkhA bl ifjorZu ds fy, mUgsa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds oSpkfjd o nk'kZfud vkèkkj ds
lkFk&lkFk lfØ; o bZekunkj lkFkh Hkh feysA

muesa oxhZ; cksèk o rnuq:i O;ogkj o fo'ys"k.k dk t+cnZLr fodkl gqvkA ml le; tks
dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh lewg xhr eaMyh Fkh] mlesa os mRlkg ls 'kkfey gksrsA bl rjg ls mUgksaus et+nwjksa
ds lkaLÑfrd ut+fj;s dks fodflr djus dk dke 'kq: fd;kA lkaLÑfrd cksèk dk gksuk os et+nwjksa
368 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ds fy, vko';d ekurs FksA mUgksaus bl cksèk dks fodflr djus ds fy, egkjk"Vª dh ikjaifjd xhr
xk;u 'kSyh dks viuk;kA os yko.kh] iksokM+k rFkk rek'kk 'kSyh esa et+nwjksa esa thou lacaèkh liuksa dks
ysdj vkrs FksA bl rjg ls mUgksaus lewg eaMyh ls et+nwjksa dh jktuhfrd psruk dks tkx`r djus dk
dke fd;kA tSlk fd fofnr gS] ml le; egkjk"Vª esa rek'kk 'kSyh dh cgqr lh v'yhy izLrqfr gksrh
Fkh] vr% ljdkj us rek'kk 'kSyh ij izfrcaèk yxk fn;kA rek'kk 'kSyh cgqr gh yksdfiz; foèkk FkhA
mldh txg fdlh nwljh 'kSyh dh LohÑfr yxHkx vlaHko lh Fkh] ij v..kkHkkÅ lkBs vkSj muds
lkfFk;ksa us mldh txg ij yksdukV~; vkSj ox ukVd'kSyh dks fodflr fd;kA ns[krs gh ns[krs ox
lewps egkjk"Vª eas yksdfiz; gks x;kA dkWejsM 'kadj ukjk;.k ixkjs mUgsa ys[ku djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr
fd;k djrs Fks ftlds fy, mUgksaus rjg&rjg ds izyksHku Hkh fn;sA os v..kkHkkÅ lkBs ls dgk djrs]
^;fn rqe ,d ox fy[kksxs rks eSa rqEgsa ,d iSaV&'kVZ nawxk] ;fn x.k fy[kksxs rks ikap #i;s buke nwaxk*A
bl rjg dkWejsM ixkjs mUgsa ys[ku ds izfr izsfjr fd;k djrs FksA dkWejsM ixkjs us mudh jpukRedrk
dks igpkuk vkSj mUgsa izksRlkgu Hkh fn;kA bl izksRlkgu dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd mUgksaus igyk x.k]
^ekr`Hkwfe ds pj.kksa esa* rFkk igyk ox ¼,d rjg dk yksdukV~;½] ^vD+y dh dgkuh* ¼vdysph xks"V½
fy[kkA vkxs pydj mUgkasus vusd ykof.k;ka o iksokM+s Hkh fy[ksA ^LVkfyuxzkM dk iksokM+k* iwjs egkjk"Vª
esa yksdfiz; gqvkA

1944 esa tc Bk.ks ds fVVokyk esa ^yky ckoVk dyk iFkd* dk xBu fd;k x;k] rks v..kkHkkÅ
lkBs lcls vkxs FksA ml le; yky ckoVk dyk iFkd dh yksdfiz;rk o Lohdk;Zrk dk vankt+k vki
blls yxk ldrs gSa fd ,d gh {ks=k] ,d gh eqgYys esa ;fn ikjaifjd rek'kk o v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dk
rek'kk gksrk rks yksxksa dk >aqM v..kkHkkÅ lkBs ds rek'ks esa meM+ iM+rkA O;kolkf;d rek'ks iwjh rjg
vlQy flð gksrsA bl izdkj v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dh yksdfiz;rk dk vankt+k yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us pqukoh èkkaèkyh ij ,d O;aX;kRed ox fy[kk Fkk] ^'ksBthps bysD'ku* ¼lsBth
dk pquko½A iwathoknh lekt esa yksdra=k fdruk [kks[kyk gksrk gS] bls vkt ge izR;{k ns[k jgs gSaA
v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us ml le;] èkucy fdl rjg ls pqukoh yksdra=k dks izHkkfor dj jgk Fkk] bl ;FkkFkZ
dks vius ox esa fn[kk;k gSA

la;qDr egkjk"Vª vkanksyu] vkt+knh ds ckn egkjk"Vª jkT; ds iquxZBu ds izLrko ds fo#ð ,d
tuvkanksyu FkkA dsanz ljdkj dh ;kstuk Fkh fd eqacbZ dks egkjk"Vª ls vyx fd;k tk;sA bl ;kstuk
dks xqtjkrh] jktLFkkuh O;kikfj;ksa dk leFkZu FkkA dkaxzsfl;ksa dh bl tufojksèkh uhfr dk fojksèk djus
ds fy, v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us ^ek>h eqacbZ* ¼esjh eqacbZ½ uked rek'kk fy[kkA bl rek'ks ij ljdkj us
izfrcaèk yxk fn;kA iqfyl us mUgsa izfrcaèk dk ljdkjh vkns'k fn[kk;k rks v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dgus yxs]
^eSa rek'kk ugha] cfYd yksdukV~; dj jgk gwa*A mUgksaus ^dFkk eqacbZph* ¼eqacbZ dh dgkuh½] yko.kh Hkh
fy[kh tks jkT;Hkj esa dkQ+h yksdfiz; gqbZA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs dk iksokM+k csgn lèkk gqvk gksrkA muds iksokM+ksa esa jktuhfrd&lkekftd vU;k;
dk rhoz izfrdkj gksrk FkkA mUgksaus ^veyusj ds 'kghn* uked ,d ek£ed iksokM+k fy[kk] tks jkT;Hkj
esa izLrqr fd;k x;kA os yksxksa esa tks'k o 'kkS;Z dk Hkko Hkjrs] muds iksokM+ksa esa vkg~oku gksrk] yydkj
gksrh] tks yksxksa dks dqN djus ds fy, ckè; djrhA veyusj ds iksokM+s ds ckn ysfuuxzkM o
LVkfyuxzkM ij vkèkkfjr iksokM+k fy[kkA nwljs fo'o;qð ds i'pkr ukt+hokn dh 'keZukd ijkt; ds

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 369

ckn lksfo;r ;wfu;u dh egku thr ij mUgksaus ,d 'kkunkj iksokM+k fy[kk ftlesa mUgksaus lksfo;r

:l dh lsukvksa vkSj turk ds ijkØe vkSj o+$qckZuh dh ;'kxkFkk fy[kh vkSj xk&xkdj yksxksa dks bl
tu;qð ds egÙo ls ifjfpr djk;kA v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us ns'k dh vkt+knh] la;qDr egkjk"Vª vkanksyu]
f}rh; fo'o;qð] lkezkT;okfn;ksa ds "kM~;a=k] tulkekU; ds lq[k&nq%[k vkfn ij vkèkkfjr 35 miU;kl]

13 dgkuh laxzg] ukVd] iksokM+s] ykof.k;ka vkfn dh jpuk dhA muds lkr miU;klksa ij ejkBh fQ+Yesa
Hkh cuhaA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs okeiaFkh fopkjèkkjk ls xgjs :i ls tqM+s FksA os ,d lPps dE;qfuLV FksA

dE;qfuLVksa dk n`f"Vdks.k ikjaifjd o lkearh ugha gksrkA muesa oSKkfud n`f"V dh fo'ys"k.kkRed 'kfDr
gksrh gSA vr% mudk bfrgklcksèk o lkaLÑfrd cksèk vyx o mUur gksrk gSA og ijaijk dks iwjh rjg
udkjrk ugha vfirq ijaijk dks vius fopkjksa o thoun`f"V ds vuq:i cnyrk gSA v..kkHkkÅ lkBs

us Hkh viuh yko.kh] yksdukV~; vkfn ds Q+kWeZ esa vko';d ifjorZu fd;kA mlesa lPps izse o mPp
n'kZu ds Hkkocksèk laizsf"kr fd;sA muds lkfgR; esa mUur nk'kZfudrk o ekuo izse dk lPpk :i ns[kus
dks feyrk gSA muds bl vfHkuo iz;ksx us mUgsa ,d egku dykdkj ds :i esa izfrf"Br fd;kA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs u flQZ+ ,d izfrcð dk;ZdrkZ] yksdxk;d vkSj izxfr'khy jpukdkj Fks] cfYd
os vius le; dh lHkh lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkkx fy;k djrs FksA bIVk ¼Hkkjrh; tu
ukV~; la?k½ ls mudk xgjk tqM+ko FkkA bIVk dh LFkkiuk 1940 esa gqbZ] 1941 esa caxyksj vkSj 1943

esa eqacbZ esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij bIVk dk xBu fd;k x;kA Lora=krk vkanksyu] ns'k dh esgurd'k turk]
fdlku&et+nwjksa dh leL;k,a] lkezkT;okn vkfn fo"k;ksa ij bIVk dh rjQ+ ls ukVd [ksys tkrs Fks vkSj
yksx cM+h la[;k esa bIVk ds jaxdeZ ls izHkkfor gksrs FksA

1943 esa caxky esa Hk;kog vdky iM+kA v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us rqjar caxky ds vdky ij vkèkkfjr
iksokM+k fy[kk vkSj bIVk ds eap ls mldh izLrqfr dhA 1949 esa bykgkckn esa laiUu bIVk ds lEesyu
dh vè;{krk v..kkHkkÅ lkBs us dhA mlh lEesyu esa yksdxk;d n- uk- xOgk.kdj dk pquko la;qDr

lfpo ds :i esa gqvkA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dk vk;kstu gks ;k nfyr lkfgR; lEesyu gks]
v..kkHkkÅ lkBs reke dk;ZØeksa ls tqM+rsA

v..kkHkkÅ lkBs] vej 'ks[k+ vkfn yksdxk;dksa o jpukdkjksa ij vDlj ;g vkjksi yxk;k tkrk

gS fd muds lkfgR; esa dyk dk vHkko gS] ,slk lkfgR; izpkj lkfgR; dgykrk gSA vkykspdksa ds
bu vkjksiksa dk mÙkj nsrs gq, izflð et+nwj usrk dkWejsM ,l-,- Mkaxs dgrs gSa] ^gekjs dykdkj yksxksa
ds chp jgrs] yksxksa ds lq[k&nq%[k esa 'kkfey gksrs] muds thou la?k"kk±s esa fgLlsnkjh djrs gSaA blfy,

mudh dyk dh vkRek tula?k"kks± ls fu"Bk o LQw£r izkIr djrh gSA lkekU; yksxksa ds fy, vkSj muds
ckjs esa ,sls ys[kd vkSj dfo viuh jpuk,a djrs gSaA* v..kkHkkÅ lkBs tSls tulkfgR;dkjksa dh Hkwfedk
dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, dkWejsM Mkaxs us cM+h izsjd fVIi.kh dh gSA ;g fVIi.kh vkt ds lkfgfR;d lekt

dks vkbZuk Hkh fn[kkrh gSA
ghjk tuknZu

Qksu % 022&28262503
ejkBh ls vuqokn % 'kSys'k ¯lg

eks-09930998587

370 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+

jkelkxj ikaMs

yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ dh igkM+h vkokt+ pyrs eqlkfQ+j dk eu eksg ysrh FkhA tc vkokt+ gok
esa xwatrh] rks yksx vuk;kl gh mudh vksj f[kaps pys vkrsA MQyh dh lqjhyh rku vkSj igkM+h vkokt+
dh èked feydj ,slk leka ckaèkrs fd yksx ea=keqXèk gks tkrsA fey ds njokt+s ij] et+nwj cfLr;ksa
esa] >qXxh&>ksaiM+h ds vkl&ikl cM+s eSnkuksa esa ;k nwj&njkt+ ds fdlh xkao esa vej 'ks[k+ ds tuxhr lquus
gt+kjksa dk etek tqVrkA yksdxk;d vej 'ks[+k] vUukHkkÅ lkBs] n-ek- xaok.kdj vkfn feydj
tuxhrksa dh lkewfgd izLrqfr djds jkst+ejkZ dh ft+anxh ds lq[k&nq[k] fey&ekfydkas ds 'kks"k.k] lekt
dh vk£Fkd&jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr] :l esa et+nwjksa dk jkt] lektokn vkfn ds ckjs esa tuxhrksa ds
ekè;e ls turk esa tkx`fr iSnk djrsA jktuhfrd psruk ls ySl muds xhr egkjk"Vª dh ikjaifjd
yksd'kSyh ¼iksokM+k] yko.kh] rek'kk½ esa vuk;kl gh yksxksa ds thou&la?k"kks± vkSj liuksa dk fgLlk cu
tkrsA

lqizfl) yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ dk tUe lksykiqj ft+ys ds ckj'kh rkyqdk ls yxHkx 8 ehy nwj
dqaHk esy xkao esa gqvkA muds ekrk&firk dk uke Øe'k% equsj ch vkSj gqlSu iVsy FkkA vej 'ks[k+
dk ewy uke egcwr iVsy FkkA mudh f'k{kk ckj'kh Ldwy uacj 1] 2 esa gqbZA vej 'ks[k+ us lkroha rd
i<+kbZ dhA de mez esa gh thou ds fofoèk vuqHko feyus yxsA lksykiqj dh jktfey esa diM+s dh
xkaBsa mBkus ls de mez esa gh et+nwj thou ls ifjfpr gks x;sA dqN fnuksa ds ckn ckj'kh esa vej 'ks[k+
us Dyhuj dk dke fd;kA ;s lkjs dk;Z mUgksaus fd'kksjkoLFkk ls gh vkjaHk dj fn;s FksA vej 'ks[k+ dk
bl rjg ls Je vkSj Jfedksa ds lkFk ukrk thou ds izkjafHkd dky ls gh ?kfu"V :i ls tqM+ x;k
FkkA mudh psruk dks fufeZr djus esa ;s vuqHko cgqr lgk;d fl) gq,A blh le; vej 'ks[k+
lksykiqj ds izfl) dE;qfuLV usrk dkejsM djkMdj ds laidZ esa vk;sA bl rjg ls mudk dE;qfuLV
vkanksyu ls xgjk lacaèk tqM+ x;kA 1939 esa vej 'ks[k us ckj'kh esa ,d ekspsZ dk usr`Ro fd;kA mUgsa
mlh le; fxj¶+rkj dj fy;k x;kA vej 'ks[k+ vkSj vU; lkfFk;ksa dks rhu lky rd tsy esa jguk
iM+kA ckj'kh dh tsy ls NwVus ds ckn vej 'ks[k+ eqacbZ pys vk;s vkSj ;gka ij flusek ds funsZ'kd
ekLVj foV~By ds lkFk lgk;d funsZ'kd ds :i esa dqN fnuksa rd dke fd;kA flusek dh pdkpkSaèk
ls mudk 'kh?kz gh eksgHkax gks x;k vkSj os ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd* ls tqM+ x;s rFkk yksdxk;d ds
:i esa vkf[+kjh {k.k rd rd dk;Z djrs jgsA vej 'ks[k+ dh e`R;q 26 vxLr 1969 esa ,d nq?kZVuk
esa gqbZA e`R;q ds le; mudh mez ek=k 53 o"kZ FkhA

vej 'ks[k+ us viuk thou ,d lPps Økafrdkjh ds :i esa fcrk;kA thou esa yxkrkj HkkxnkSM+
cuh jghA bl vfojke vkanksyukRed thou esa Hkh vej 'ks[k+ ds rhu dkO; laxzg vkSj ,d ukVd
izdkf'kr gqvkA dy'k uked mudk laxzg csgn yksdfiz; gqvk gSA

vej 'ks[k+ ewy :i ls yksdxk;d FksA mUgksaus turk dh leL;kvksa dks vius xhrksa esa fijks;k vkSj

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 371

mUgha yksxksa ds chp izLrqr fd;kA iksokM+k] yko.kh vkSj vU; yksdxhrksa ds ekè;e ls vej 'ks[k+ us
egkjk"Vª dh turk dk u flQZ+ izcksèku fd;k] cfYd os ,d ;ks)k dh Hkkafr yM+rs jgs] os dfo&xk;d
ls c<+dj ,d Økafrdkjh FksA dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lfØ; lnL; FksA vius tuxhrksa ds ekè;e ls lekt
dks cnyuk pkgrs FksA bfrgkl esa ,sls dbZ dfo&xk;d gq, gSa] ftudh jpukvksa ij vklkuh ls izpkj
lkfgR; gksus dk yscy yxk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa ys[kdksa&dfo;ksa dh fcjknjh ls ckgj dj fn;k
tkrk gsA ysfdu pkjnhokjh eas cSBdj fy[kus okys rFkkdfFkr ledkyhuksa ls yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+
tSls yksx dgha vPNs gSaA ,sls yksx u flQ+Z turk ls tqM+s gSa] cfYd turk ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ij
vkèkkfjr lkfgR; fy[kk djrs gSaA fy[ks gq, lkfgR; dks izR;{k esa ykus dh tíkstgn esa thou Hkj la?k"kZ
jgrs gSaA mudk thou vkSj l`tu ,d tSlk gSA yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ dh dqN jpuk,a bl izdkj gSa%

fdlkuks vkvks js] yks gkFk esa ,drk dh e'kky]
et+nwjks mM+kvks vkdk'k esa] yky xqyky- - -A
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jkr gS nq'eu dh]
tkxks&tkxks ukStoku - - -A
---
yM+rs&yM+rs eaxy rkjk] yky vkdk'k esa QSysxk]
tuØkafr dk lwjt uHk esa] lt&èktdj Nk tk;sxk- - -A
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t; egkjk"Vª] la;qDr egkjk"Vª dk xku]

xk;sa lj mBkdj] cqyan vkokt+ esa feyk;sa rku - - -A

vej 'ks[k+ ds eu esa lektokn ds izfr x+t+c dh yyd FkhA lekt ifjorZu gh muds ys[ku
dk eq[; mís'; jgkA os ,d izfrc) yksdxk;d FksA 'kks"k.k fey et+nwjksa dk gks ;k vke vkneh dk]
vej 'ks[k+ lekt ls gj izdkj dk 'kks"k.k [k+Re djuk pkgrs FksA muds tuxhr] iksokM+s vkfn bl ckr
ds ifjpk;d gSa fd 'kCnksa dks gfFk;kj cukdj os yM+uk tkurs FksA mudk 'kCnksa dk p;u Hkh tulkekU;
ls tqM+k FkkA vke vkneh dh cksyh&Hkk"kk gh mudh 'kCnlaink FkhA lkekU; euq"; jkst+ejkZ dh fta+nxh
esa ftu 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx djrk gS] vej 'ks[k+ mu 'kCnksa dks viuh jpukvksa esa <kydj lekt ifjorZu
dh yM+kbZ yM+rs FksA viuh ,d jpuk esa os dgrs gSa%

[kksy us=k rw rhljk Hk;adj]
yky&yky vaxkj]
nwljksa dh esgur ij iyrs]
mudk dj lagkj]

ys #nz vorkj - - -A

bl izdkj yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ dh jpuk,a muds tuxhr] iksokM+s vkfn mu ekuo ewY;kas ij
vkèkkfjr Fks] ftuds t+fj;s lqanj lekt dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

izfl) ejkBh lkfgR;dkj vkSj O;aX;ys[kd vkpk;Z v=ks us yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ ds ckjs esa cM+s
gh ekfeZd mn~xkj O;Dr fd;s gSaA vej 'ks[k+ ds dkO;laxzg dy'k dh Hkwfedk fy[krs le; vkpk;Z
v=ks dh izFke vuqHkwfr vfoLej.kh; gS% ^rd+jhcu nl o"kZ igys dh ckr gSA ,d ckj eSa ,d dk;ZØe

372 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

ls ykSV jgk FkkA jkr dk le; Fkk] vr% eSa rst+h ls d+ne c<+k;s ?kj dh vksj vxzlj FkkA lglk ,d
xtZuk us esjs d+neksa dks tM+or cuk fn;kA eq>s ,slk yxk tSls fdlh us esjs dkuksa ij ,d t+cnZLr
ukn fd;k gksA esjk lkjk 'kjhj ml èkkjnkj vkokt+ ls jksekafpr gks mBkA ml vkokt+ esa ,d yydkj
Fkh] vkàku Fkk vkSj bu lcls Åij ekèkq;Z vkSj e`nqyrk dk lq[kn Li'kZ FkkA*

1944 esa Bk.ks ft+ys ds fVVokyk esa fdlkuksa dk ,d lEesyu vk;ksftr gqvkA lEesyu ds nkSjku
gh ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd* dk xBu fd;k x;kA lkaLÑfrd laxBu ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd* ds xBu
esa izfl) et+nwj usrk dkejsM chVh j.kfnos dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jghA nks n'kdksa rd egkjk"Vª esa
pkjksa rjQ+ ml lkaLÑfrd laxBu dh èkwe jghA egkjk"Vª ds vusd ft+yksa esa laxBu us lkaLÑfrd
dk;ZØeksa dh izLrqfr dhA yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+] vUukHkkÅ lkBs] xoka.kdj vkfn laxBu ds laLFkkid
lnL;ksa esa FksA

mu fnuksa eqacbZ esa et+nwjksa dk cksyckyk FkkA 80 feyksa esa 3 yk[k et+nwj dke djrs FksA nhikoyh]
n'kgjk] bZn] gksyh vkfn dh /kwe gksrhA rht&R;kSgkj g"kksZYykl ls euk;s tkrs FksA ys>he dh /kqu ij
fFkjdrh ukStokuksa dh Vksfy;ka vDlj fn[k tkrhaA yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ egky{eh ds lkr jLrs ds
ikl ftl xyh esa jgk djrs Fks] mlds vkl ikl feysa gh feysa FkhaA tSlk fd fofnr gS] mu fnuksa
iwjs ns'k esa et+nwj vkanksyu mRd"kZ ij FkkA et+nwjksa ds bu vkanksyuksa esa eqacbZ ds fey et+nwjksa dh cM+h
egrh Hkwfedk FkhA ns'k ds vU; {ks=kksa ds et+nwj ;gka ds et+nwj vkanksyu ls izsj.kk ysdj vius la?k"kZ
dks èkkj ns jgs FksA

la;qDr egkjk"Vª vkanksyu esa ;gka ds et+nwj usrkvksa us u dsoy fgLlk fy;k] cfYd ml vkanksyu
dks fn'kk Hkh nhA ml le; dk Lora=krk vkanksyu pkgs Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu gks ;k ukSlsuk fonzksg gks]
eqacbZ ds et+nwjksa us u dsoy ru&eu&èku ls leFkZu fd;k] vfirq Hkkjh dqckZuh Hkh nhA budh
vkanksyukRed 'kfDr us fczfV'k ljdkj dh pwysa fgyk nhaA et+nwjksa dh jktuhfrd vkSj lkaxBfud
'kfDr esa ;gka ds rRdkyhu oke usrkvksa vkSj lakLÑfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dh cM+h Hkwfedk FkhA ml nkSj
esa eqacbZ ij dE;qfuLVksa dk opZLo FkkA vkt+knh ds ckn dE;qfuLV usrk ,l-,l- fejktdj eqacbZ ds
igys dE;qfuLV es;j pqus x;s FksA

ml le; et+nwjksa esa lektoknh lekt dh LFkkiuk ds izfr xgjh fodyrk fn[kk;h nsrh FkhaA pkjksa
vksj :l dh lektoknh Økafr dh ppkZ gksrh vkSj vius ns'k esa Hkh lektoknh Økafr ds izfr xgjh
yyd fn[kk;h nsrh FkhA mu fnuksa eqacbZ ds vfèkdka'k et+nwj dE;qfuLVksa ds lkFk FksA et+nwj usrk
dkejsM ,l-,-Mkaxs dh ,d vkokt+ ij feyksa ds lk;ju [k+keks'k gks tkrsA ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd*
ds lkFkh fey ifjlj esa ?kwe&?kwedj et+nwjksa dks ns'k&nqfu;k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls voxr djkrsA

mu fnuksa nwjn'kZu] baVjusV vkfn vkèkqfud lapkj ekè;eksa dk pyu u FkkA ik'pkR; laLÑfr ds
izfr yksxksa esa bruk vkd"kZ.k u fn[k;h nsrkA ,sls esa larksa ds vHkax]Hktu] dhrZu vkfn eas yksx cM+h
la[;k esa mifLFkr gksrsA 'kkfgjh tylk] iksokM+k] yko.kh] rek'kk vkfn et+nwjksa ds euksjatu ds lkèku
gqvk djrsA ykyckx+ ds guqeku fFk,Vj esa tks lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe gqvk djrs] mUgsa et+nwj cM+s pko
ls ns[krsA dkexkj eSnku] egkjk"Vª gkbZLdwy vkfn txgksa ij dE;qfuLVksa dh tks tulHkk,a gqvk djrha]
mu tulHkkvksa esa igys yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ ds tuxhrksa dk dk;ZØe gksrkA

la;qDr egkjk"Vª vkanksyu dks xfr nsus esa vej 'ks[k+] vUukHkkÅ lkBs vkSj xoka.kdj vkfn 'kh"kZ

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 373

dykdkjksa us ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd*] tks fd Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk ,d lkaLÑfrd laxBu Fkk]
ds ekè;e ls iwjs egkjk"Vª esa psruk QSykus dk dke fd;kA bl lkaLÑfrd laxBu us egkjk"Vª dh
rglhyksa vkSj xkaoksa esa tkdj ikjaifjd yksd'kSyh esa jktuhfrd tuxhrksa vkSj ukVdksa dh izHkko'kkyh
izLrqfr dhA bu izLrqfr;ksa dks ns[kdj eqacbZ ls ckgj ds gt+kjksa yksx bl vkanksyu ls lfØ; :i ls
tqM+sA bl vkanksyu us tks tuizcksèku dk dke fd;k] mlls ?kcjkdj rRdkyhu dkaxzslh gqdwer us bu
yksddykdkjksa dks ukfld tsy esa can dj fn;k] ysfdu os ,sls fu"Bkoku vkSj jktuhfrd psruk ls
lai`Dr dykdkj Fks fd tsy ls NwVrs gh Økafr dh e'kky tykus yx x;sA bu cM+s dykdkjksa ds vFkd
iz;klksa dk gh ifj.kke jgk fd eqacbZ dk egkjk"Vª ls u dsoy foHkktu #dk] cfYd egkjk"Vª ds
,dhdj.k dk jkLrk Hkh lkQ+ gqvkA

ge bu dykdkjksa dh rqyuk eè;dky ds pkj.kksa ls ugha dj ldrsA tgka rd pkj.kksa dh ckr
gS] os èku ,s'o;Z ds fy, jktkvksa dks [kq'k djrs] mudh >wBh rkjhQ+ djrs vkSj ;q) ds le; mUgsa
vkSj muds lSfudksa dks cfynku ds fy, izsfjr djrs] tcfd yky ckoVk ds dykdkj fu%LokFkZ Hkko
ls lkekftd ifjorZu dh izfØ;k esa viuh Hkwfedk dks r; dj vius dks mRlxZ dj jgs FksA dyk
iFkd ds lnL; lekt esa oSKkkfud vkSj oxhZ; lksp ds vadqj.k dks izLQqfVr dj jgs FksA ;s dykdkj
lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa ds t+fj;s izcksèku dk dke djrs] cfYd ml tuvkanksyu dk fgLlk Hkh cursA

yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk ?kwek djrsA ?kwe&?kwedj laiw.kZ egkjk"Vª esa tutkx`fr
dj jgs FksA ^yky ckoVk dykiFkd* ds xBu ds i'pkr mudh [;kfr dE;qfuLV yksdxk;d ds :i
esa laiw.kZ egkjk"Vª esa gks x;hA ,sls esa jktuhfrd bZ";kZ ds dkj.k dqN yksx mudh tku ds nq'eu cu
x;s FksA xksok dh ,d lHkk esa mu ij geys dh Hkud feyh] rks vk;kstdksa us muds tkus dk ekxZ
cny fn;kA Egkils ls gksdj vej 'ks[k+ dks ys tk;k x;kA jsyos ;k=kk ds nkSjku mu ij vusd tkuysok
geys gq,A ;oreky esa dk;ZØe ds nkSjku mu ij geys dh ;kstuk FkhA Lora=k fonHkZoknh ,d izeq[k
usrk vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk mu ij geys ds mís'; ls dk;ZØe LFky ij igqapk FkkA ysfdu ^eka* uked
mudk xhr lqudj mldk eu nzfor gks mBkA mls Hkkjh i'pkrki gqvk vkSj mlus vej 'ks[k+ ls {kek
ekaxhA bu dkj.kksa ls viuh lqj{kk gsrq vej 'ks[k+ ges'kk daèks ij dqYgkM+h j[kdj pyrs FksA ,d ckj
tc iwoZ eq[;ea=kh olarjko ukbZd us vej 'ks[k+ dh yksdfiz;rk ls izHkkkfor gksdj mUgsa feyus ds fy,
cqyk;kA vej 'ks[k+ dqYgkM+h daèks ij j[ks ea=kky; igqap x;sA iqfyl us lqj{kk dkj.kksa ls jksd fy;kA
ysfdu eq[;ea=kh ds dgus ij mUgsa dqYgkM+h ds lkFk feyus fn;k x;kA

yksdxk;d vej 'ks[k+ vUukHkkÅ lkBs] xoka.kdj vkfn dfo;ksa&lkfgR;dkjksa ds egÙo dks js[kkafdr
djrs gq, izfl) dE;qfuLV usrk vkSj fopkjd ,l-,- Mkaxs dgrs gSa% ^gekjks dykdkjksa&dfo;ksa ds ys[ku
esa oxhZ; n`f"Vdks.k gksrk gS vkSj oxhZ; n`f"Vdks.k gksuk Hkh pkfg,A blh oxZ ds yksx lkekftd thou
ds vkèkkjLraHk gaSA vius Je ls os lekt dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA et+nwj] fdlku vkSj eè;eoxZ feydj
lekt ds fuekZ.k esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA

eks-% 09221964591

374 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fcey jk;

cyjkt lkguh

eSaus fcey jk; dks lu~ 1946 eas igyh ckj ns[kk] tc eSa ^bIVk* dh cacbZ 'kk[kk dk tujy lsØsVjh
FkkA mu fnuksa dqy fgan bIVk dh caxky ;wfuV }kjk fu£er fQ+Ye] èkjrh ds yky cu jgh FkhA bl
fQ+Ye ds funsZ'kd [+oktk vgen vCckl FksA 'kaHkw fe=k] r`fIr fe=k] jfo 'kadj] 'kkafr o)Zu] ne;arh
lkguh ,oa vusd nwljs dykdkj mlesa Hkkx ys jgs FksA

ml le; ^bIVk* dh cgqr bTt+r FkhA ml le; iwjs Hkkjr esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ mPpdksfV dk
dykdkj gksxk ftldk lacaèk mlls u gksA ;g vkt+knh ds igys dk le; FkkA ns'kHkfDr ds oyoys
vHkh BaMs ugha gq, FksA mu fnuksa mPp vkn'kks± dh txg vHkh ikVhZckt+h vkSj LokFkZ us ugha yh FkhA

esjk tgka rd vuqeku gS] fcey jk; ml t+ekus esa ^bIVk* ds cgqr T+;knk gennZ FksA blfy,
^bIVk* dh fopkjèkkjk ¼lkekftd lPpkb;ksa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k fuHkZ; gksdj djuk½ mUgksaus viuh
rRdkyhu lqfo[;kr fQ+Ye] gejkgh esa is'k dhA ;g fQ+Ye ^U;w fFk;sVlZ* esa mudh vafre fQ+Ye FkhA
tc og fQ+Ye cacbZ esa izn£'kr gqbZ rks os Lo;a cacbZ ièkkjs FksA ml le; èkjrh ds yky dh 'kwfVax
^Jh lkmaM LVwfM;ks* esa py jgh FkhA ogka vkdj mUgksaus mls izksRlkgu fn;k FkkA

ge lc ij mudh laqnjrk] uez LoHkko] yack d+n] ehBh ok.kh vkSj foosd'khyrk cM+k izHkko Mky
x;hA os ml le; iSarhl&NÙkhl lky ds O;fDr FksA mUgksaus Q+k[rkbZ jax dk lwV igu j[kk Fkk vkSj
mlh jax dk gSV yxk j[kk FkkA os cM+s gh LekVZ ut+j vk jgs FksA

nwljh ckj muds n'kZu eq>s lu~ 1956 esa j.kthr LVwfM;ks esa ge ykxs ds lsV ij gq,A ';kek
ds lkFk ml le; ,d izse&n`'; py jgk FkkA nks&rhu fjglZy esa mUgsa 'kk;n ;g vuqeku gks x;k
fd mudh ekStwnxh esa eSa uoZl gks jgk gwaA blfy, os funsZ'kd ft+;k ljgnh ls ckrsa djus pys x;sA
ckn esa fdlh us eq>s cryk;k fd os eq>s gh ns[kus vk;s Fks vkSj viuh fdlh fQ+Ye esa eq>s ysuk pkgrs
FksA ;g lqudj eq>s ;d+hu ugha vk;k fd eSa brus egku funsZ'kd ds lkFk dke d:axkA ih-lh- c#vk
ds ckn nwljs uacj ij eSa bUgha dks ekurk FkkA dbZ jkrsa rks eSaus lksp&lksPkdj gh fcrk nhaA

fQj] dqN le; ckn mUgksaus eq>s viuh fQ+Ye] nks ch?kk t+ehu ds fy, cqyk;k rks esjh izlUurk
dk ikjkokj u jgkA esjs iSj t+ehu ij ugha fVd jgs FksA

fcey jk; dk cacbZ vkuk gh fganh fQ+Yeksa ij midkj FkkA ;g ckr rks nks ch?kk t+ehu] ifj.khrk]
nsonkl] dkcqyhokyk] lqtkrk] cafnuh vkfn ls gh Li"V gks tkrh gSA bu fQ+Yeksa us gekjs ns'k ds fQ+Yeh
lalkj ij cM+k xgjk vlj Mkyk gSA

vkt rd eSa yxHkx lkB fQ+Yeksa esa dke dj pqdk gwa] ij vHkh Hkh turk nks ch?kk t+ehu ds lkFk
ejs k uke tkMs +rh gAS ^lcdks bd fnu gS tkuk*fµ cey jk; tlS s egku O;fDr Hkh bl nfq u;k ls tk
ldrs gSaA fdlh u fdlh fnu esjh Hkh ckjh vk ldrh gSA fdarq eq>s fo'okl gS fd ejrs gq, eq>s
bl ckr dk larks"k gksxk fd eSaus nks ch?kk t+ehu esa viuk dke lQyrkiwoZd fuHkk;k FkkA

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 375

eq>s ;kn vk jgk gS igys fnu dh 'kwfVax dk igyk 'kkWVA fdruk vuks[kk vuqHko Fkk og! t+ehankj

dh cSBd dk n`'; yxk gqvk FkkA t+ehankj ¼eqjkn½ dks eq>s viuh t+ehu cspus dks dguk FkkA eSa lsV
ij vkus ds igys cgqr gh Mj jgk FkkA eq>s 'kd Fkk fd fcey jk; dks esjh fo"ke vkSj dfBu fdlku
dh Hkwfedk djus esa fo'okl ugha Fkk] D;ksafd eSa foyk;r ls ykSVdj vk;k Fkk] lqf'kf{kr ifjokj dk

yM+dk Fkk vkSj eq>s xzkE; thou dk vuqHko ugha Fkk] xzkE; thou fudV ls ns[kus dk dHkh la;ksx
ugha feyk FkkA esjk vuqeku Fkk fd og Hkwfedk eq>s ^bIVk* dk lnL; gksus ds dkj.k nh x;h FkhA
vkSj vxj dksbZ ,d gkSlyk Fkk rks ;g fd vfHku; ds izfr muds vkSj esjs fopkjksa esa esy gksxkA

eSa lSV ij dksjk gh ugha vk;k FkkA eSaus iwjh dgkuh ds mrkj&p<+ko jV j[ks FksA viuh os'kHkw"kk
vkSj viuk esdvi Hkh iwjh rjg ls larqfyr dj fy;k FkkA fQj Hkh bl ckr ls budkj ugha dj ldrk
fd dSejs ds lkeus vfHku; djus dh fo'ks"k vko';drk dh eq>esa deh FkhA eq>s jaxeap dk gh

FkksM+k&cgqr vuqHko Fkk] blfy, FkksM+s gh le; eas tku x;k fd LVst vkSj lsV dh rduhd esa
t+ehu&vkleku dk vra j gAS vr% ml le; ejs h Mcw rh u;S k dks cpkus okyh ,d oLrq Fkhfµ cey
jk; dk izsj.kkRed ,oa mRlkgoèkZd O;ogkjA 'kw¯Vx ds igys nks fnu eSaus fcey jk; dk psgjk ,d

igsyh ds :i esa ns[kk FkkA vkSj vkt Hkh og psgjk igsyh gh cuk gqvk gSA
fjglZy dk le; vk;kA cSBd ds ckgj cus gq, cjkens esa HkhM+ FkhA mlh le; fcey nk us

eq>s ns[kk vkSj mUgksaus dsoy bruk gh dgk] ^cSBd okys njokts+ esa iSj lkQ+ djds tkukA* ;g NksVh&lh

ckr Fkh] fdarq fdruh ekxZn'kZd FkhA igyh gh fjglZy esa eq>s irk yx x;k fd eSa t+ehankj ds lkeus
rqPN tho gAaw

fcey nk ds ml lSV ij fdruk 'kkar okrkoj.k FkkA fQ+Ye LVwfM;ks esa eSaus bruk 'kkar okrkoj.k

igys dHkh ugha ns[kk FkkA ges'kk fcuk eryc dh mPN`a[kyrk vkSj 'kksj ns[kk FkkA ¯drq ;gka gj vkneh
viuh&viuh txg dke esa bl rjg yhu Fkk ekuks flikgh viuh M~;wVh ij gksA vr% tc 'kkWV ysus
dk le; vk;k Fkk eq>s ,slk yxk fd iwjh&dh&iwjh lsuk yM+kbZ ds eSnku esa vius tujy ds b'kkjs dh

jkg ns[k jgh gksA
iwjk n`'; ,d gh 'kkWV esa ysuk Fkk] ftlds vafre Hkkx esa t+ehankj dks viuk ikao NqM+kdj cSBd

ds ckgj fudy tkuk FkkA dSejk VªkSyh ds Åij Fkk vkSj mldh gypy Hkh dkQ+h isphnk Fkh] tks cM+h

esgur ds ckn rS;kj gqbZ FkhA vr% eq>s Hkh ,slk yx jgk Fkk fd eSa Hkh Q+kSt dk ,d vax gwa] ftls
b'kkjk feyrs gh flj&iSj dh ckt+h yxkuh FkhA bl vuqHko us esjs 'kjhj ds [+kwu dks xeZ dj fn;kA
fQj fcey nk us viuh lkèkkj.k vkokt+ esa dgk] ^LVkVZ lkmaM* vkSj 'kkWV pkyw gks x;kA eq>s dqN

;kn ugha fd D;k gqvkA bruk ;kn gS fd tc t+ehankj mBk] rks eSaus mlds ikao idM+dj fxM+fxM+kuk
'kq# dj fn;k FkkA mlus mlh {k.k eq>s >Vdk nsdj iSj NqM+k fy;sA eq>s bruk vieku eglwl gqvk
fd eSa /kkM+ ekj dj jksus yxkA 'kkWV [k+Re gksus ds ckn Hkh eSa Q+'kZ ij iM+k jksrk jgkA

fcey nk us rkjhQ+ dk ,d Hkh 'kCn vius eqag ls ugha fudkykA mUgksaus viuh ges'kk dh&lh
'kkar eqnzk ls ihNs tkdj dSejkeSu dey clq ls ^Dykst+&vi* ysus dks dgkA eSa Q+'kZ ij iM+k&iM+k muds
psgjs dks x+kSj ls ns[kus yxkA mudh xaHkhjrk esa dksbZ varj ugha iM+kA psgjs ij izlUurk dh vkHkk vo';

fn[kk;h nhA og cryk jgh Fkh fd mUgsa euilan dykdkj fey x;k gSA
nks ch?kk t+ehu dh dgkuh okLro esa dohanz johanz dh ,d mÙke dfork ij vkèkkfjr FkhA

376 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

fcey nk dh ftl nwljh fQ+Ye esa eSaus dke fd;k Fkk] og Hkh johanz dh ^dkcqyhokyk* ij vkèkkfjr

FkhA ikBd tkurs gh gksaxs fd xq#nso vkSj 'kkafrfudsru ls esjk fdruk izse gSA xq#nso dh jpuk ij

fQ+Ye cus vkSj frl ij fcey nk dk funsZ'ku gksA ml le; esjh vkRek fdruh izlUu Fkh] mldk

vuqeku vki ugha yxk ldrsA bldk o.kZu 'kCnksa esa djuk vlaHko gSA ftl izdkj dohanz johanz dks
mudh jpukvksa ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrk] mlh izdkj fcey nk dks mudh fQ+Yeksa ls vyx ugha

fd;k tk ldrkAeq>s ;kn gS] ,d ckj dydÙkk esa i=kdkjksa dh lHkk esa foey nk vkSj eSa 'kkfey gq,
FksA fcey nk dks dqN cksyus ds fy, dgk x;k FkkA rc os dsoy bruk gh dgdj cSB x;s Fks] ^tks
Hkh eq>s dguk gksrk gS] og eSa fQYeksa ds ekè;e ls dg nsrk gwaA*

vius dk;ks± ls mUgsa fdruk izse Fkk] ;g mudh ,d&,d fQ+Ye ds ,d&,d n`'; ls izdV gks
tkrk gAS nks ch?kk t+ehu ds cká fp=kkadu ds le; os lkjk fnu dke djus ds ckn jkrHkj âf"kds'k
eq[kthZ ,oa vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xfy;ksa&ckt+kjksa esa ?kwek djrs FksA bl izdkj os vius vxys fnu

dh 'kw¯Vx ds fy, LFky pqurs FksA dkypykÅ 'kkWV ysuk fcey nk ds fu;eksa ds fo#ð FkkA os dHkh
Hkh dksbZ dke tYnh esa ugha djrs FksA lqcg igys LVwfM;ks igaqp tkuk] jkr dks lcds ckn ykSVuk mudk
ifz rfnu dk fu;e FkkA vkjS bl fu;e dks fuHkkus ds fy, muds lkFkh Fkpµs k; vkjS flxjVs A bruh

NksVh mez esa dSalj ls e`R;q dk f'kdkj cukus esa pk; vkSj flxjsV dk cgqr gkFk jgk gSA
fcey nk ds nlw js uca j ds lkFkh FkLµs Vfw M;ks ds depZ kjh] Vds uhf'k;u vkfnA
^fcey jk; izksMD'ku* dk vkWfQ+l eksgu LVwfM;ks vaèksjh esa FkkA dydÙkk ls cacbZ vkdj vius

dke ds fy, tc fcey nk us ;g LVwfM;ks fy;k] rks ml le; ;g cgqr cqjh n'kk esa FkkA blds
ekfyd bls can djus dh lksp jgs FksA ogka ds deZpkfj;ksa us viuh jksVh&jkst+h pkyw j[kus ds fy,
,d lgdkjh laLFkk cukdj lapkyu vius gkFk esa ys fy;k Fkk] tks cgqr gh vlkè; flð gks jgk FkkA
¯drq fcey nk ds pj.k iM+rs gh nks ch?kk t+ehu] fojkt cgw tSlh fQ+Yesa cuha vkSj bl rjg LVwfM;ks
dk uke 'kh?kz gh txexkus yxkA vkSj vkt og cacbZ ds izfrf"Br ,oa eq[; LVwfM;ks esa ls ,d gSA
pkgs mldk ykHk ekfyd us vfèkd mBk;k gks] ¯drq fcey nk ds izse us lc dk;ZdÙkkZvksa ij bruk

vPNk izHkko Mkyk fd o.kZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
fcey nk dks fQ+Yeksa ls fdruk yxko Fkk] ;g mudh e`R;q ds ckn dh mudh vafre ;k=kk ls

gh Kkr gks tkrk gSA ml le; lc dykdkj] fnXn'kZd] fuekZrk] deZpkjh vkfn ;k=kk esa lfEefyr

FksA lc ,d gh ckr dg jgs Fks] ^fcey nk ,d vlkèkkj.k vkSj vf}rh; O;fDr FksA*
^gh okt+ , oaMjQqy dkWejsM*] Jh ch-vkj- pksiM+k ckj&ckj dg jgs FksA eSa Lo;a ml fnu dkQ+h

yach chekjh ds ckn Bhd gqvk FkkA eq>s ¶+yw ds nks&rhu geyksa us fcydqy csdkj&lk dj fn;k FkkA

'e'kku Hkwfe rhu&pkj ehy nwj FkhA dqN nwj rd rks eSa iSny pyk] fdarq nwljs deZpkjh lkfFk;ksa us
eq>s eksVj esa cSBk fy;kA eksVj esa cSBuk eq>s vijkèktud yx jgk FkkA D;k eSa vius lnk ds fy,
fcNqM+s gq, lkFkh dks vknj vkSj lEeku ds lkFk fonk ugha dj ldrk\ eSa mlh le; fQj mrj x;k

vkSj iSny gh pyus yxk] pkgs ?kj ykSVus ij esjh gkyr fQj [k+jkc gks x;h FkhA
eSa vius vkidks fQ+Yeksa esa mruk le£ir u dj ik;k ftruk fd fcey nk le£ir FksA blds

vusd dkj.kksa esa ls ,d dkj.k gh crykuk pkgrk gwaA dykdkj dk vkuan vius dke ls lcdks larq"V

djus esa gSA blds myVs] cgqr&ls fuekZrk&funsZ'kd nwljksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA izk;% ;k rks os cgqrksa dks

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 377

vius Åij fuHkZj djus okys tho gSaA mUgsa dykdkj dh Hkkafr jguk ulhc ugha gSA vr% dyk dk
lq[k Hkh mUgsa vius bl ifjokj ls gh izkIr gksrk gSA

fcey nk vius fQ+Yeh ifjokj dks ?kj&tSlk gh izse nsrs Fks] ;g Hkh fcey nk ds pfj=k dh ,d
cM+h fo'k"s krk gAS bl ifjokj ds dNq ifz lð O;fDr gâµaS f"kd's k e[q kth]Z dey cl]q lèq knas z jk;] lfyy
pkSèkjh] ef.k HkV~Vkpk;Z] vflr lsu vkfnA fcey jk; us fdrus gh izfrHkk'kkyh dykdkj fn;s gSaA
pkgs nwj ls] pkgs ikl ls] lcds lkFk fcey nk dk izse lnk d+k;e jgkA

nks ch?kk t+ehu dh lQyrk ds ckn eSaus izfrKk dh Fkh fd eSa dsoy ;FkkFkZoknh vkSj vkn'kZoknh
fQ+Yeksa esa gh dke d:axkA ysfdu fQj eSaus ,d cgqr gh ?kfV;k fd+Le dh fQ+Ye esa dke djuk Lohdkj
fd;kA la;ksx ls ml fnu fcey nk Hkh lSV ij mifLFkr FksA mUgksaus cgqr gh vk'p;Z izdV fd;kA
ml fnu eq>s cM+k gh nq%[k gqvkA eq>s fcey nk dh izflfð ls cgqr bZ";kZ gqbZA os viuh et+hZ ls
dgkuh pqu ldrs Fks] vius <ax dh iVdFkk fy[kok ldrs FksA D;k esjh bruh ijo'krk dk O;aX;Hkjh
n`f"V ls ns[kuk mUgsa 'kksHkk nsrk Fkk\

ml fnu ls esjk fQ+Yeksa dk jgk&lgk vkn'kZokn Hkh lekIr gks x;kA eSa mls dsoy jksVh&ikuh ds
n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kus yxkA ;g esjk lkSHkkX; jgk gS fd dHkh&dHkkj eq>s viuh eupkgh fQ+Yesa fey gh
tkrh FkhaA Hkyk vkSj dkSu esjk ledkyhu gS] ftls lhek] xeZ dksV] ghjk&eksrh] Vdlky] HkkHkh] gd+hd+r]
oD+r tSlh fofHkUu Hkwfedkvksa okyh fQ+Yesa feyh gkasA eSaus viuh euilan fQ+Yeksa dh u rks jkg ns[kh
vkSj u ml ij fuHkZj gh jgkA eSa cl ?kfV;k fQ+Yeksa esa dke djuk blfy, Lohdkj dj ysrk gwa fd
vPNh fQ+Ye ulhc gksus ds fnu dk fuf'aprrk ls bart+kj dj ldawA

fcey nk dkQ+h le; rd esjs bl O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.k dks u le> ik;s] D;ksafd muds vuqlkj
esjs izxfroknh vkn'kZ dk blls dksbZ esy ugha FkkA

ij nq%[k gS fd fu"Bqj lR; us le; ikdj fcey nk dks Hkh vius vkn'kks± ls le>kSrk djus ds
fy, foo'k dj fn;kA os ;FkkFkZoknh ls vfèkd vkè;kfRed FksA bl dkj.k os dHkh Hkh Bhd&Bhd le>
u lds fd fQ+Ye&O;olk; esa dyk dks lPph Lora=krk feyuk vkSj lR;] f'ko] laqnj dh dYiuk djuk
vlaHko gSA ogka rks dsoy vlR;] vlaqnj] vf'ko gh pyrk gSA

blfy, os fiNys dbZ o"kks± dh lhf<+;ksa ij iSj j[kdj vkxs c<+us dk iz;kl djrs jgsA vr%
èkhjs&èkhjs os viuk LokLF;] lq[k] pSu lc dqN [kks cSBsA os lnk blh ¯prk esa iM+s jgrs FksA fdlh Hkh
nks&Vwd QS+lys ij vM+uk muds fy, fnuksa&fnu dfBu gksrk tk jgk FkkA bl dkj.k muds dbZ lkFkh
mUgsa NksM+dj pys x;sA fcey nk dh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk cks> fnuksafnu c<+rk x;k vkSj varr% mls laHkkyuk
dfBu gks x;kA

¯drq fcey nk dh egkurk blesa gS fd vafre ?kM+h rd mUgksaus vius b"Vnso dh vkjkèkuk ugha
NksM+hA lkjh foo'krkvksa ds ckotwn os viuh dyk dks lnk lPph] lqanj ,oa dY;k.ke;h cukus esa yxs
jgsA vius vYi thou dh vafre jkr Hkh] tcfd mUgsa Hkyh&Hkkafr ekywe gks pqdk Fkk fd muds cpus
dh lkjh vk'kk,a NksM+h tk pqdh gSa] os lqcg rd viuh vxyh fQ+Ye ds dFkkud ij ys[kdksa ls
fopkj&foe'kZ djrs jgsA vkSj tc e`R;q dk iatk flj ij vkrk gqvk fn[kk;h fn;k] rks galdj mUgksaus
viuh iRuh ls vafre ckj flxjsV ihus dh vuqefr ekaxh FkhA

378 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

[+oktk vgen vCckl

dsoy èkhj

[+oktk vgen vCckl ¼tUe lu~ 1914 nsgkar lu ~ 1987½ i=kdkj] dgkuhdkj] miU;kldkj]
flusys[kd] fQ+Ye fuekZrk ,oa funsZ'kd rFkk izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds ljxeZ izfrfufèk ,d lkFk cgqr
dqN Fks rFkk izk;% lHkh {ks=kksa esa muds lfØ; ;ksxnku ds dkj.k mUgsa yksdfiz;rk Hkh izkIr gqbZA

vCckl lkgc dh ft+anxh ds gj igyw ij vyx&vyx dbZ ys[k fy[ks tk ldrs gSa vkSj ;fn
,d gh ys[k esa muds laiw.kZ O;fDrRo dk lekos'k djuk gks rks ;g nfj;k dks dwt+s esa can djus okyh
ckr gksxhA lc dqN gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vCckl esjs cqT+kqxZ nksLr Hkh Fks rFkk mudh vusd ;knsa esjs
eu&efLr"d esa ltho gSaA muds fcuk Hkh muds ckjs esa dh tkus okyh ckrsa vèkwjh jg tk;saxhA eSa iz;RUk
d:axk fd vCckl lkgc ds laiw.kZ O;fDrRo ds uD+'k dqN ;ksa laokjs tk;sa fd ckr vkèkwjh lh u yxsA

vCckl lkgc dk tUe la;qDr iatkc ds ,sfrgkfld uxj ikuhir esa 7 twu 1914 dks gqvk
rFkk cacbZ ¼vc eqacbZ½ 'kgj esa izFke twu] 1987 dks mudk nsgkar gks x;kA firk dk uke [+oktk x+qyke
vylCcrhu valkjh FkkA lqizflð f'k{kkfon [+oktk X+kqyke by lS;nhu muds d+jhch lacaèkh FksA
njvly muds ifjokj dk lacaèk ^gkyh* ds [+kkunku ls FkkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk ikuhir esa gqbZA ckn esa
vyhx<+ pys x;s tgka mUgksaus feMy ls ysdj ch-,- vkSj ,y-,y-ch- rd dh f'k{kk izkIr dhA f'k{kk
dky esa gh i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+ x;s rFkk loZizFke vyhx<+ vkis hfu;u uke ls v[+kckj fudkykA lu~
1935 esa ckd+k;nk cacbZ Økfudy esa dke djus yxsA igys os flus vkykspd jgs vkSj fQj blds
laMs ,Mh'ku dk laiknu fd;kA blesa mUgksaus viuk ,d dkWye fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj tc lu~ 1947
esa mnwZ fCyV~t+ izdkf'kr gksus yxk rks viuk ;g dkWye mUgksaus blesa fy[kuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA fCyVt~ +
dk izdk'ku tc ¯gnh Hkk"kk esa Hkh vkjaHk gqvk rks ^vkt+kn* 'kh"kZd ls ;gh dkWye mlesa Hkh izdkf'kr
gksus yxkA fujarj ipkl o"kks± rd vCckl ;g dkWye fy[krs jgsA

vCckl ml le; pkSchl ;k iPphl o"kZ ds Fks tc mUgksaus leqnzh tgkt+ ls l=kg ns'kksa dh lSj
dh vkSj eqlkfQ+j dh Mk;jh uked iqLrd esa viuh bl ;k=kk dh iwjh dgkuh fy[khA mnwZ esa bl iqLrd
dk izdk'ku lu~ 1940 esa gkyh ifCy¯'kx gkml] fdrkc ?kj us fd;kA lu~ 1936 esa tc izxfr'khy
ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk gqbZ rks blh lky ls mUgksaus dgkuh fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;k rFkk bl vkanksyu ds
lfØ; lnL; cu x;sA mudh loZizFke dgkuh dk uke ^vckchy* Fkk ftls lkfgfR;d {ks=kksa esa dkQ+h
ilan fd;k x;kA vCckl lkgc viuh lkjh ft+anxh lfØ; :i ls izxfr'khy vkanksyu ls tqM+s jgsA
vCckl lkgc us vius thou esa dqy feykdj cgÙkj iqLrdsa fy[kha ftuesa vQ+lkuk ¼dgkuh½]
miU;kl] Mk;jh] vkRedFkk] fjiksrkZt] vkykspuk vkfn lHkh fo"k; lfEefyr gSaA os crkSj ys[kd gh
ugha] varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds tkus ekus fQ+Ye funsZ'kd ,oa fuekZrk Hkh FksA

vCckl lkgc dh d+ye ds lQ+j ij ut+j Mkysa rks dqN bl rjg dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gS%
dgkuh laxzg% ,d yM+dh] ikao vkSj Qwy] tkQ+jkuh Qwy] eSa dkSu gaw] dgrs gSa ftldks b'd+] fn;k tys

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 379

lkjh jkr] isfjl dh ,d 'kke] chloha lnh ds ySyk etuwa] u;h èkjrh u;s xhr] uhyh lkM+h] lksus pkanh
ds cqrA
miU;kl% pkj fny pkj jkgsa] cacbZ jkr dh ckagksa esa] lkr ¯gnqLrkuh] esjk uke tksdj] nks cawn ikuh]
rhu ifg;s] ,d iqjkuk Vc vkSj nqfu;k Hkj dk dpjk] Q+klyk] bad+ykc ¼;g miU;kl mnwZ] ¯gnh ds
vfrfjDr :lh vkSj teZuh esa Hkh izdkf'kr gqvk½A
ukVd% t+qcsnk] ;g mtjr gS] eSa dkSu gwa] vukukl vkSj ,sVe ce] yky xqykc dh okilhA
vkRedFkk% vkbZ ,e ukV ,u vkbZySaMA
;k=kk jktuhfr% eqlkfQ+j dh Mk;jh] [kzq'pkso D;k pkgrk gS\] eqlksfyuh] eksgEen vyhA

vCckl lkgc dh buesa ls vusd jpukvksa dk izdk'ku ¯gnh Hkk"kk esa Hkh gqvk gSA
vius fQ+Yeh dSfj;j esa vCckl lkgc us vusd fQ+Yeksa dk funsZ'ku ,oa fuekZ.k Hkh fd;kA èkjrh
ds yky] pkj fny pkj jkgsa] vkokjk] ijns'kh] vugksuh] esjk uke tksdj] 'kgj vkSj liuk] uDlykbV]
nks cawn] tSlh vusd fQYesa mUgksaus cuk;ha ;k fy[khaA vCckl fQ+Yeh nqfu;k esa vius e`nqy O;ogkj
ds fy, Hkh tkus tkrs FksA fQ+Yeksa esa dke djus vk;s vkSj la?k"kZ dj jgs ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks dksbZ vkSj

ugha feyrk rks os vCckl lkgc dk }kj [kV[kVkrsA vusd yksx ,sls Hkh Fks tks vCckl lkgc dh
fQ+Ye ;wfuV ls tqM+s gq, FksA fQ+Ye lSV ij gksa u gkas] mudh jkst+h jksVh pyrh jgrh FkhA ftu yksxksa
dks mUgkasus fQ+Yeksa esa dke fn;k ;k fnyok;k mu esa nso vkuan] vferkHk cPpu vkSj deky vejksgh

tSls yksx Hkh Fks ftUgksaus vkxs pydj cgqr lQyrk ,oa izflfð izkIr dhA nso vkuan dks mUgksaus igyh
ckj vius Mªkes ^tqcsnk* esa jksy fn;k Fkk] ftls mUgksaus ^bIVk* ds fy, fy[kk FkkA bl Mªkes dh eq[;
Hkwfedk esa cyjkt lkguh Fks tks ch-ch-lh- yanu dks NksM+dj cacbZ esa u;s u;s vk;s FksA

vCckl lkgc dh f'k{kknh{kk eqfLye fo'ofo|ky; vyhx<+ esa gqbZA muds vaxzst+h miU;kl] The
Whole World is My Village dh i`"BHkwfe eas vyhx<+ ds gokys ls ns'kHkDr fo|k£Fk;ksa dk fp=k.k
txg&txg feyrk gSA ogka dh ut+kd+rsa] uQ+klrsa] eksgCcrsa vkSj lj'kkfj;ka 'kCnksa esa tkxrh&xkrh ut+j
vkrh gSaA ;gh gky mu dh jpuk] bad+ykc dh Hkh gS ftlesa Hkkoukvksa ds vkØks'k ,oa mxzrk ds lkFk
lkFk toku fnyksa ds vjekuksa dh nqfu;k dk gqtwe Hkh gSA

lu~ 1960 ds 'kq: dh ckr gS tc igyh ckj eq>s vCckl lkgc ls feyus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr

gqvkA ml le; esjh vk;q ckbZl ds vklikl Fkh vkSj vCckl lkgc eq>ls yxHkx brus gh cM+s FksA
eSa vkSj vQ+lkukfuxkj jke yky lkFk&lkFk cacbZ x;s Fks] vius ,d vkSj cqt+qxZ nksLr flus xhrdkj
jktk esgnhvyh [+kka ds lkFk ge Bgjs FksA jktk lkgc gesa lqizflð dFkkdkj d`'u panj ls feyokus

mu ds ?kj ys x;s tgka igys ls gh egfQ+y teh gqbZ FkhA vyh ljnkj tkQ+jh Fks] lkfgj yqfèk;kuoh
Fk]s e¯gnz ukFk vkjS lyek th Fkhdµa Nq ykxs vkjS Hkh FkAs ogka vCckl lkgc Hkh ektS nw FkAs mUgha fnukas
mnwZ if=kdk chaloha lnh ds fo'ks"kkad vQ+lkuk uacj esa Ñ'u panj vkSj vCckl lkgc dh dgkfu;ksa
ds lkFk gh esjh ,d dgkuh Hkh Nih Fkh ftls Ñ'u panj i<+ pqds Fks vkSj ;g dgkuh mUgsa bruh ilan
vk;h Fkh fd ogka egfQ+y esa mUgksaus eq>s ;gh dgkuh lqukus dks dg fn;kA mUgkasus vanj ls if=kdk
dk vad eaxok dj esjs lkeus j[k fn;kA dgkuh eSaus i<+ dj lquk;h vkSj ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd fCyVt~ +
ds vius dkWye esa vCckl lkgc us iwjk i`"B gh esjh dgkuh ij fy[k fn;kA blls esjh vnch ijokt+
dks cy feyk] igpku feyh vkSj ekxZn'kZu HkhA muls fujarj nksLrh dk migkj Hkh feykA iqjkuh ;knksa

380 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

dks dqjsnrs gq,] pyks] vCckl lkgc dh ckrsa djrs gSaA
ekfld if=kdk] 'kek ¼mnwZ½ rFkk lq"kek ¼¯gnh½ esa esjh dgkfu;ka fujarj Nirh FkhaA bnjhl nsgyoh

bu if=kdkvksa dk fQ+Ye izHkkx ns[krs FksA laHkor lu~ 1986&87 dh ckr gS fd mUgksaus mu fQ+Yeh
gfLr;ksa ij lk{kkRdkj vFkok ys[k viuh if=kdkvksa esa izdkf'kr djuk vkjaHk fd;k tks fQ+Ye txr

dks ipkl o"kks± ls fujarj ;ksxnku ns jgs FksA eq>s nks O;fDr;ksa ij fy[kus dks dgk x;k] ,d vCckl
lkgc Fks vkSj nwljs jktsanz ¯lg csnhA

mu fnuksa vCckl lkgc ls esjh ,d vkSj eqykd+kr gqbZ rFkk VqdM+s&VqdM+s djds dbZ fnuksa rd]

dbZ fo"k;ksa ij ,slh ckrphr tks u rks baVjO;w Fkh vkSj u gh ys[k fy[ks tkus okyh lkexzhA os ;knsa
Fkhuµa ;h vkjS ijq kuh! ckras Fkhvµa iuh vkjS vius tlS s dbZ nlw js ykxs kas dhA dNq dVq Fkh]a dNq eèkjq
Fkha vkSj dqN flQ+Z fnypLiA

vCckl lkgc oh- 'kkarkjke ds iz'kald Fks vkSj ;g Hkh la;ksx gh Fkk fd viuh fQ+Ye i=kdkfjrk
ds nkSj esa 'kqHkkjaHk gh mUgkasus oh- 'kkarkjke dh fQ+Ye] nqfu;k u ekus ls fd;k vkSj vCckl ds 'kCnksa
esa ^blus esjh ¯t+nxh dk #[+k gh cny dj j[k fn;kA* gqvk ;ksa fd lu~ 1937 esa ,d fQ+Ye iwuk
ls nks Hkk"kkvksa esa cu dj vk;hA ejkBh esa bl dk uke] dUdks Fkk vkSj ¯gnh esa] nqfu;k uk ekuAs ml
le; dh izfl) flus if=kdk cacbZ ØkWfudy eas fQ+Ye vkykspd dUgS;kyky odhy FksA ml le;
izFkk Fkh fd fQ+Ye fjyht+ ds fnu i=kdkjksa ,oa vfrfof'k"V O;fDr;ksa ds fy, Lis'ky 'kks gksrk FkkA

fuea=k.k i=k tkrs FksA odhy lkgc dks fuea=k.k feyk ¯drq fdlh vU; O;Lrrk ds dkj.k mUgksaus
fuea=k.k i=k vCckl lkgc dks ns fn;k] ;g vkxzg fd;k fd fQ+Ye ns[k vk;sa rFkk bl ij fjO;w Hkh
fy[k nsaA vCckl lkgc us vkykspd dh n`f"V ls fQ+Ye ns[kh rFkk bl ij foLr`r fjO;w dj fn;kA

vCckl lkgc ds 'kCnksa esa ^bl fQ+Ye us eq>s oh- 'kkarkjke ds l`tukRed O;fDrÙo ls ifjfpr djk;k
rFkk bl fQ+Ye ij viuh flus i=kdkfjrk dk loZizFke fjO;w fy[kk tks esjs laiknd dh iSuh n`f"V ls
cp ugha ldk rFkk vkaf'kd :i ls fQ+Yeksa ij fjO;w djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro eq> ij Mky fn;k x;kA
,d o"kZ ckn oh- 'kkarkjke dh fQ+Ye vkneh vk;h ftlls vCckl bruk izHkkfor gq, fd mUgksaus vius
i`"B ds lkrksa dkWyeksa esa flQ+Z blh ,d fQ+Ye ij fjO;w fy[kkA laHkor ;g fQ+Ye vkykspuk ds bfrgkl
dk ,d fjdkMZ gSA vCckl dgrs gSa fd ^nqfu;k uk ekus mUgksaus vBkjg ckj vkSj vkneh pkSchl ckj
ns[kh rFkk izsft+MsaV] èkjrh ekrk] ykbZQ+ vkWQ+ ywbZ ik'pj rFkk dbZ nwljh fQ+Yekas ds LØhu Iys mUgksaus
mu fQ+Yeksa dks ns[kus ds ckn fy[ksA mudk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd fQ+Yeksa dks le>us rFkk buds ckjs
tkudkjh izkIr djus dk ;g mudk izkjafHkd iz;kl FkkA Hkfo"; esa mUgsa viuh fQ+Yesa fy[kus ,oa buds

funsZ'ku esa oh- 'kkarkjke dh fQ+Yeksa us gh izsj.kk iznku dhA
jk"Vªh; ,drk ds fo"k; ij oh- 'kkarkjke }kjk cuk;h x;h igyh fQ+Ye iM+kslh ¼1941½ FkhA MkDVj

dksVful dh vej dgkuh dk LØhu Iys Hkh vCckl lkgc us fy[kk Fkk rFkk mUgksaus bl ukStoku MkDVj
dksVful ds lkgl] ohjrk vkSj 'kgknr dh lPph dgkuh dks fQj ls thfor dj fn;k Fkk tks usg:th
ds dgus ij tax ls rckg gq, phu esa Hksts x;s ,d esfMdy fe'ku esa 'kkfey FksA

vCckl dgrs gSa fd fQ+Ye ns[kus dk et+k viuh txg ysfdu fQ+Ye cukus esa blls dgha T+;knk

et+k gSA ;g ,d ,slk u'kk gS tks flj p<+ dj cksyrk gSA mUgksaus fQ+Ye cukus dh rduhd rFkk
blds gj i{k ds ckjs esa ntZuksa fdrkcsa i<+ha] flukfj;ks i<+s vkSj rc vdky ¼Hkq[kejh½ ds fo"k; ij

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 381

èkjrh ds yky cuk;hA bIVk ds ekè;e ls mUgkasus bu dykdkjksa dks ysdj ;g fQ+Ye cuk;h tks is'ksoj
ugha FksA ;g vius t+ekus dh igyh iz;ksxkRed fQ+Ye FkhA

vCckl] èkjrh ds yky fQ+Ye ds fuekZ.k lacaèkh ckrsa crk jgs Fks fd blds eq[; dykdkj cyjkt
lkguh FksA os ch-ch-lh- yanu ls ;gka u;s&u;s vk;s FksA dSejs ds lkeus vius vèkZuXu 'kjhj dks ,d

Q+kd+kd'k O;fDr dk :i nsus ds mís'; ls os eghuksa rd fnu esa ,d ckj [kkuk [kkrs vkSj 'kw¯Vx ds
fnu dSejs ds lkeus tkus ls igys viuh èkksrh vkSj iwjs 'kjhj dks ;gka rd fd psgjs ij Hkh dhpM+
ey ysrs Fks rkfd Hkq[kejh dk f'kdkj ,d vR;ar fuèkZu ,oa det+ksj balku ut+j vk ldsA ,sls

dykdkj Fks ml le;A
ckrksa gh ckrksa esa eSaus dgk fd yksx vkt flQ+Z vkidh fQ+Ye] èkjrh ds yky dk mYys[k gokys

ds :i esa djrs gSaA ysfdu ml le; n'kZdksa dh izfrfØ;k D;k Fkh\ dgus yxs fd izfrfØ;k

udkjkRed Fkh] blfy, fd okLro esa yksx ns[kuk gh ugha pkgrs Fks fd ¯gnqLrku dh okLrfodrk D;k
gSA os Hkze dk f'kdkj gh cus jguk pkgrs FksA ;g le; ,slk Fkk fd yksx dYiuk vkSj jksekal ls Hkjh
fQ+Yesa ns[kuk gh ilan djrs Fks tSls f[kM+dh] 'ku'kukdh cksCcykCcw] lqYrkuk Mkdw] rwQ+ku esy bR;kfnA
fQ+Yesa curh Hkh blh rjg dh Fkha ysfdu esjk n`f"Vdks.k ges'kk vyx jgkA eSa ns'k dh dgkfu;ka fy[krk
Fkk] ns'k ds vke] x+jhc vkSj nklrk ds gkykr dk f'kdkj Hkw[ks&uaxs yksxksa dh dFkkA ns'kHkkfDr vkSj
vU;k; ds fo#ð ,d 'kfDr'kkyh vkokt+A ,slh fQ+Yesa cukuk esjh lksp vkSj eu dh ckr FkhA*

jktdiwj vkSj mudh fQ+Yeksa ds lanHkZ esa eSaus dgk fd vkius jktdwij ds fy, pkj lkS chl]
vkokjk] ckch tSlh lqijfgV fQ+Yesa fy[kha tks cgqr lQy jghaA bl ds foijhr 'kgj vkSj liuk] nks
cwan ikuh] uDlykbV] tSlh dbZ fQ+Yesa vkius fy[kha vkSj Lo;a cuk;ha Hkh ysfdu ;s lc oSlh lQy
ugha gqb±A bldk dkj.k D;k Fkk\ vCckl us eqLdjkrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ^jktdiwj vkSj eq> esa gj rjg
ls lksp vkSj O;kikfjd lw>cw> dk cgqr cM+k varj gSA mldh rch;r esa tkSykuh gS] ,d fofp=k
lh eLrh vkSj tks'k gSA og viuh fQ+Yeksa ds izfr Hkh nwjvans'k gS rFkk bUgsa gt+kj t+kfo;ksa ls

ltkrk&laokjrk gSA mls laxhr] Q+ksVksxzkQ+h] ,fM¯Vx vkfn dh Hkh cgqr le> gSA mls ;g Hkh irk
gksrk gS fd fQ+Ye esa dgka fdl pht+ dh t+:jr gSA njvly jktdiwj ,d 'kfDr'kkyh batu gSA
;fn bl batu dks lgh xkM+h ds lkFk tksM+k tk;s rks esjh ckr cgqr nwj rd igqap ldrh gSA ;gh dkj.k

gSa fd eSa mldh fQ+Yeksa ds fy, fy[krk gwaA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd og le>kSrk djkrk gS vkSj eSa dj
ysrk gwaA og dqN Hkh djs ysfdu esjh ckr] esjs fopkj nwj rd igqapk ldrk gSA vkokjk esa mlus dgkuh
ls de le>kSrk fd;k Fkk] Jh pkj lkS chl esa dqN vkSj vfèkd fd;kA ckch ds lanHkZ esa rks eq>s
dguk iM+k fd ;g esjh fQ+Ye ughaA eSaus vehj yM+ds dk x+jhc yM+dh ls I;kj fn[kk;k FkkA esjh dgkuh
esa tks vkSjr Fkh] mls jktdiwj us xousZl cuk fn;k vkSj ?kj esa fÝ+t j[k fn;k] fÝ+t esa 'kjkc dh cksrysa
Hkh j[k nhaA eSaus yM+dh ds cki dks x+jhc fn[kk;k FkkA mlus cki dh vyekjh eas uksV j[k fn;sA eNsjs

dks vehj fn[kk fn;k ysfdu bl lc ds ckotwn og rkd+roj batu gSA esjs fopkj nwj&nwj rd igqapk
ldrk gSA blfy, eSa mlds dgus ij eNsjs dh frtksjh uksVksa ls Hkj nsrk gwaA

vCckl lkgc ls eSaus dgk fd vki izxfroknh gSaA vki dk n`f"Vdks.k okLrfodrk vkSj lPpkbZ

ij gksrk gS fQj Hkh vki bu fQ+Yeksa ds fy, fy[krs gSa] le>kSrs ds lkFk! rks os dgus yxs ^lc ls
cM+k lR; le>kSrk gS ysfdu lhek esa jgdj! ;fn eSa viuh cuk;h gqbZ fQ+Yeksa dh lPpkbZ esa >kadrk

382 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

gaw rks rqeus lgh dgk fd esjk n`f"Vdks.k ^okLrfod* ysfdu ckgjh (Outward) gksrk gSA blds
vfrfjDr esjh fQ+Yeksa esa ,d mís'; ;k lans'k gksrk gSA er Hkwyks fd eSa Mxj ls gVdj] izxfr'khy
fopkjèkkjk j[kus okyk d+yedkj gaw vkSj mlds ckn fQ+Ye dk vknehA cgqr lh dfe;ka Hkh gSaA lcls
cM+h ckr ;g gS fd eSa laxhr izseh ugha gwa u gh ,DliVZA esjh fQ+Yeksa esa yksxksa dks laxhr dh deh
[kyrh gS vkSj blh dkj.k ;s fQ+Yeksa bruh yksdfiz; ugha gks ikrhaA*

eSaus vCckl lkgc dh fQ+Ye] 'kgj vkSj liuk dh ckr NsM+ nh ftls fQ+YeQs+;j ,okMZ feyk Fkk]
dgk] ^vki dh ;g fQ+Ye fo'kqð vkVZ fQ+Ye Fkh vkSj ,slh fQ+Yesa vke Mxj ls gV dj gksrh gSaA bls
cukuk cgrq dfBu gvq k gkxs kbµ lfy, fd vki ekynkj Hkh ugha gAS * vCckl lkgc us gla rs g,q
dgk Fkk] ^iz;ksxkRed fQ+Yeksa ij yksx dgka jkt+h gksrs gSa iSlk yxkus ds fy,A fdlh rjg fQ+Ye cu
Hkh tk;s rks fMLVªhC;wVj ugha feyrsA rqe gSjku gksxs fd 'kgj vkSj liuk eSaus lSarhl fMLVªhC;wVjksa dks
fn[kk;h Fkh vkSj cM+h eqf'dy ls dksbZ feykA* eSaus ;kn fnyk;k fd ^vki dh blh fQ+Ye dks tc ,okMZ
feyk Fkk rks lR;thr js dh fcYdqy blh Fkhe dh ,d fQ+Ye] egkuxj Hkh eqd+kcys esa FkhA bl ckjs
esa vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k gS*] rks vCckl lkgc gal fn;s] dgus yxs fd ^eSa lR;thr js dk iz'kald
gawA mudh vkVZ dh cgqr d+nz djrk gwa ysfdu tgka rd mu dh fQ+Ye dk lacaèk gS] mlesa lc dqN
Fkk] flQ+Z egkuxj gh ugha FkkA mudh fQ+Ye esa dydÙkk dh lkslk;Vh dk fp=k.k fd;k x;k Fkk fd
ogka fdl izdkj fupys vkSj eè;e Js.kh ds yksxksa dk thou ujd gSA esjh fQ+Ye] 'kgj vkSj liuk
esa 'kgj Hkh Fkk vkSj ^liuk* HkhA yksx vius liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds fy, eqacbZ vkrs gSa rFkk ;gka
vkdj vius liuksa ds ekè;e ls vèkwjh bPNkvksa ,oa vkjtq+vksa dks iwjk djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj fd ;s iwjh
gkrs h Hkh gaS vFkok ugheµa js h fQ+Ye dh ;g Fkhe Fkh ftls euaS s beZ kunkjh vkjS gd+hd+rilna h ds lkFk
is'k fd;k vkSj iwjh rjg fuHkk;k Hkh FkkA*

os yEgs cgrq ppa y vkjS [+kcw ljw r FkAs mez dk fygkt+ dNq f>>dyµ fs du lkgl tVq kdj euaS s
iwN gh fy;k Fkk] ^L=kh vkSj iq#"k ds fj'rs vkSj [+kkl rkSj ls b'd+ ds ckjs esa vki D;k dgrs gSa\ vCckl
lkgc us esjh rjQ+ t+jk vthc&lh fuxkgksa ls vkSj t+jk lathnxh ls vkSj fQj rfud papyrk ls ns[kk
vkSj vius LokHkkfod vankt+ esa] cgqr Li"Vrk ds lkFk dgus yxs% ^esjk fdlh Hkh vkSjr ds lkFk
okygkuk fj'rk ugha jgk gkykafd eq>s dbZ fQ+Yeh ghjksbusa ilan Fkha] bueas tqcsnk] lfork nsoh] ehuk
deq kjh] ujfxl] fuEeh] ljq [s kk vkfnvµ kjS bu lc ls ejs s ?kfu"B lca èa k Hkh jg*s A fny gh fny eas dg
jgk Fkk] bl lknxh is dkSu u ej tk;s ;k [+kqnk! nwljs gh {k.k mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ^;g ,d izkÑfrd
lR; gS fd i#q "k dh L=kh eas fnypLih u flQ+Z ge's kk jgrh gS cfYd dHkh lekIr gh ugha gkrs hdµ os y
blds :i cnyrs jgrs gcµaS gu dk fj'rk] chch ;k egccw k dk fj'rkfµ dlh u fdlh ljw r eas ;g
fj'rk d+k;e jgrk gSA okLro esa L=kh ds lkFk balku dk fj'rk dHkh [+kRe ugha gksus okyk fj'rk gS
vkSj ftls rksM+k ugha tk ldrkA*

e>q s ;kn gmµS l eyq kd+kr ds lcls vkf[+kj eas euaS s vnc ;kuh lkfgR; ds fo"k; ij vCckl
lkgc ls cgrq lh ckras dh Fkheµa Va ks dh ckr]as Ñ'u pna j] jktnas z ¯lg cns h] bLer pxq r+ kbvµZ kjS dbZ
d+yedkjksa dh ckrsa tks dgkuhdkj FksA eSa Lo;% Hkh rks dgkuhdkj gwa blfy, dgkuh ij ckr gksuk
LokHkkfod gh FkkA eSaus dgk Fkk] ^vki dgkuhdkj gSa] i=kdkj vkSj ys[kd gSa] fQ+Ye fuekZrk ,oa funsZ'kd
gyµaS fs du viuh ut+jkas eas lcls igys vki D;k gAaS * {k.k Hkj eas gh mUgkuas s dg fn;k Fkk] ^lp ckr

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 383

rks ;g gS fd eq>s ^cqd jkbZ¯Vx* vkSj fQ+Ye es¯dx cgqr ilan gSA fdrkcsa fy[kus dk ,d vyx yqRQ+

gSA fQ+Ye esafdax dk Hkh viuk ,d vyx Lokn gS] ,d vyx u'kk gS] ftls bldk pLdk iM+ tk;s
og NwVrk ughaA

vCckl lkgc us dguk tkjh j[kk Fkk] ^njvly fy[kuk i<+uk gekjs [+kwu esa 'kkfey gSA ekSykuk

gkyh ls ysdj X+kqyke&vy&l¸;íhu] l¸;n vkfcn gqlSu vkSj lkygk vkfcn gqlSu rd bu lHkh dk
vks<+uk&fcNkSuk vnc gh jgk gSA ^vckchy* esjh igyh dgkuh Fkh tks tke;k esa izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh vkSj
fQj eqM+ dj ihNs ugha ns[kkA vc rd ntZuksa fdrkcsa fy[k nha tks vaxzst+h] mnwZ] ¯gnh ds lkFk&lkFk ejkBh]

ckaXyk vkSj ey;kye Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh NihaA :lh] psd vkSj phuh Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn Hkh gq,A*
xkaèkh&usg: ifjokj ls vCckl lkgc ds ?kfu"B lacaèkksa dk mYys[k gqvk rks dgus yxs] ^;g yksxksa

dks Hkze gS fd eSa bl ifjokj dk ^izpkjd* gwaA eSa mudk iz'kald vkSj fe=k vo'; gawA bafnjk xkaèkh

dh thouh] eSaus fy[kh] mudh ljkguk Hkh dh ysfdu esjh ,d nwljh fdrkc (That Woman) Hkh gS
ftlesa eSaus muds dke dh rhoz vkykspuk Hkh dh gSA nq'eu rks dysts esa ?kko dj nsrs gSa tcfd nksLr
lpsr djrs gSa vkSj crkSj nksLr ;gh eSaus fd;k HkhA*

vius ifjokj ds ckjs esa mUgksaus flQ+Z bruk gh dgk fd ^eSa inkZiks'kh dks igy nsrk gwaA tgka rd
esjh O;fDrxr ft+naxh dk lkekftd i{k gS] esjh iRuh cgqr i<+hfy[kh L=kh FkhA jkseka jksyka dh lHkh
iqLrdsa muds ikl FkhaA jksyka dh cgqr cM+h fdrkc (Soul Enchanted) os izk;% i<+rh jgrh FkhaA nsgkar

ds ,d fnu iwoZ mUgksaus eq>ls dgk Fkk fd ^LVkj&flLVe* esa er iM+ukA* njvly mu fnuksa deky
vejksgh vkSj vyh jt+k us eqd+íes fd;s gq, Fks vkSj eq>s chekj iRuh dks NksM+ dj dksVZ tkuk iM+rk
FkkA*

vCckl lkgc dh lkfgfR;d miyfCèk;ksa dk mYys[k ;gka ls gks ldrk gS fd lu 1936 esa
izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk mudh lkfgfR;d ;k=kk vkjaHk gqbZA cqfu;knh rkSj ij mUgksaus
'kq#vkr i=kdkfjrk ls dh FkhA dgk x;k fd os Hkkoqd izdkj ds] izxfroknh FksA 'kk;n blhfy, os

viuh gj dgkuh dks mís';iw.kZ ,oa izHkkoh cukus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA bl izdkj dgkuh dh dyk mu
dh idM+ ls fudy tkrh gS vkSj fQj tks dqN 'ks"k jg tkrk gS og i=kdkfjrk ,oa izpkj ls T+;knk
fHkUu ugha gksrkA viuh bl det+ksjh dk mUgsa Hkh vkHkkl FkkA ^dgkuh dh dgkuh* esa Lo;a mUgksaus

blh ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k FkkA os fy[krs gSa%
izk;% lHkh cM+s&cM+s vkykspd bl ckr ij lger gSa fd eSa vnhc ugha] i=kdkj gaw vkSj esjh dgkfu;ksa
esa i=kdkfjrk >ydrh gSA ;g Hkh vkius vo'; lquk gksxk fd eSa Js"B lkfgR; jpuk ds ctk;
v[+kckjksa esa i<+h&i<+k;h [+kcjksa dks dgkuh dk jax nsdj dgkuh ds uke ij izdkf'kr djk nsrk gwaA
blfy, vki dks dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha gksxk fd dgkuh esjs Hkhrj ls iSnk ugha gksrh cfYd ;g fdlh
O;fDrxr vuqHko] dksbZ pht+ ns[kus dh izfrfØ;k Lo:i ;k fdlh lqus gq, vFkok v[+kckj esa i<+h gqbZ
fdlh ?kVuk ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA

vCckl lkgc us ;|fi xksdhZ] ps[k+o] eksiklka] vks* gSujh vkSj gSfeaXos dh dgkfu;ksa dk xaHkhj vè;;u
fd;k ¯drq buesa ls fdlh dk Hkh vfèkd izHkko Lohdkj ugha fd;kA i=kdkj gksus ds ukrs os fy[kus

ds vknh FksA fdlh Hkh ckr ;k fopkj dk Nksj feyrs gh os bls dgkuh dk :i ns nsrs Fks ysfdu ;g
Hkh gd+hd+r gS fd mudh dgkfu;ksa esa fo"k;ksa dh Hkjekj gSA buesa ml le; ds lkekftd rFkk
3jk8t4u/hfur;dk tihFokuvdktfupo=kj.hk&tfewuyr¼lk ;gqaDSArokds l½%ke2kf0t1d2 r@Fkk jktuhfrd vU;k; ds fo#ð vkokt+ mBkrs

Fks rFkk muds efLr"d esa vuqHko gkoh Fks vkSj 'kk;n blhfy, viuh dgkfu;ksa esa mUgksaus dbZ rjg
ds iz;ksx fd;sA ^#i;s&vkus&ikbZ* vkSj ^eksurkt+* mudh ,slh gh iz;ksxkRed dgkfu;ka gaSA mudh
dgkuh] ^,d I;kyh pkoy*] caxky ds vdky dh leL;kvksa ,oa ihM+kvkas&osnukvksa dh 'kkunkj
vfHkO;fDr gSA ^ljnkj th* ns'k foHkktu vkSj mlds ckn gq, lkaiznkf;d Q+lknkr dh i`"BHkwfe esa
fy[kh x;h yktokc dgkuh gSA vCckl lkgc dh vU; dqN mYys[kuh; dgkfu;ka gaS] ^vckchy*]
^vtark*] ^esekj*] ^jkèkk*] ^ft+anaxh*] ^rhu vkSjrsa*] ^mrkj p<+ko* vkfnA

eks-% 09815155800

NksVs gkFk
lcsjk gksrs
yky dey ls f[ky mBrs gSaA

djuh djus dks mRlqd gks]
èkwi gok esa fgy mBrs gSaAA

NksVs gkFk
ugha #drs gSa]
vkSj ugha èkhjt èkjrs gSaA

tM+ dks psru]
ikuh dks i;]

feV~Vh dks lksuk djrs gSa!!

NksVs gkFk
fdlkuh djrµs
cht u;s cks;k djrs gSaA

vkus okys oSHko ds fnu]
maxyh ls Vks;k djrs gSaAA

Qwyksa ds xqPNs ds xqPNs]
Mkyksa ij ikyk djrs gSaAA

NksVs&ls&NksVs iÙks dk]
edM+h dk tkyk gjrs gSaAA

NksVs gkFk
ifjJe djrs]
b±Vksa ij b±Vsa èkjrs gSaAA

eèkqeD[kh ls rUe; gksdj]
eèkqdks"kksa ls ?kj jprs gSaA
&&dsnkjukFk vxzoky
^NksVs gkFk losjk gksrs* dfork dk va'k

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 385

lkfgj yqfèk;kuoh

vtqZean vkjk

izxfr'khy vkanksyu us de ls de pkj 'kk;j ,sls fn;s gSa ftudk futh thou vkSj dfodeZ
nksuksa gh yksxksa dh #fp dk dsanz cus vkSj ftlds dkj.k mudh 'kk;jh ij muds thou o`rkar dk vDl
vkSj thou ds ?kVukØe esa mudh 'kk;jh dh >yfd;ka ryk'kuk Lo;a esa ,d fnypLi e'kx+yk cu
x;kA ;s pkjksa cM+s yksdfiz; 'kk;j Fks ysfdu muds thou dh dqN ?kVukvksa us mudh yksdfiz;rk esa
bt+kQ+k fd;k] vkSj muesa ls Q+St+ vkSj e[+nwe dks bad+ykch vkSj :ekuh ghjks] rks etkt+ vkSj lkfgj dks
Vªsftd ghjks tSlh Nfo nhA Q+St+ dk jkoyfiaMh lkft+'k dsl esa ekSr dh lt+k ls cky cky cpuk] pkj
ikap lky rd ekSr vkSj ft+anxh ds chp yVdrs tsy esa xqt+kjuk] dkydksBjh esa eghuksa rd jguk]
thou dk ,d fgLlk fons'k esa xqt+kjus ij etcwj gksuk( vkSj ;s lc dfBukb;ka futh dkj.kksa ls ugha
cfYd mu vkn'kks± ds fy, >syuk tks ml le; izxfr'khy vkanksyu ls tqM+s cgqr ls ys[kdksa vkSj
dfo;ksa ds vkn'kZ FksA ysfdu QS+t+ ds fy, ;s vkn'kZ Q+S'ku ugha cfYd thou ewY; dk ntkZ j[krs
FksA blh rjg e[+nwe eqfgmíhu dh x+jhch dh dfBu ft+anxh us mUgsa thou ds ;FkkFkZ ds :c: gksus
dk lhèkk ekSdk fn;k rks fl;klh vkn'kZ us ml rtqcsZ dks lkoZtfud rtqcsZ ds :i esa le>us eas enn
nhA mUgksaus x+jhc] Hkwfeghu fdlkuksa dh dfBukb;ksa dks eglwl fd;k vkSj rsyaxkuk rgjhd dk fgLlk
cudj muds gd+ ds fy, tkxhjnkjksa vkSj fut+ke ds fo#) gfFk;kj mBk fy;sA :iks'k gksdj Nkikekjh
djrs os dbZ ckj tsy x;sA mudh bad+ykch uT+esa gSnjkckn vSj iwjs rsyaxkuk {ks=k esa xyh dwpksa esa xk;s
tkus yxsA tc&tc tsy ls ckgj vkrs] gt+kjksa dh la[;k esa voke mUgha dh uT+eksa ls mudk Lokxr
djrsA 'kk;jh dks bad+ykc dk gfFk;kj cukus dh bl ijaijk us Q+St+ vkSj e[+nwe] nksuksa dh yksdfiz;rk
dks c<+k;k] ysfdu dsoy fl;klh vkSj bad+ykch 'kk;j ds rkSj ij ugha cfYd mlls vfèkd os viuh
ekuoh; laosnukvksa vkSj bf'd+;k 'kk;jh ds fy, tkus x;sA Q+St+ vkSj e[+nwe ds ut+nhd b'd+ vkSj
bad+ykc thou ds nks vyx&vyx igyw ugha] cfYd ,sls ;FkkFkZ gSa ftuesa dksbZ ijLij fojksèk ughaA

etkt+ vkSj lkfgj us Hkh b'd+ vkSj bad+ykc nksuksa ds xhr xk;sA ysfdu mUgksaus jktuhfrd deZHkwfe
esa veyh rkSj ij d+ne ugha j[kk] cfYd lS)kafrd Lrj ij okeiaFk vkSj Lora=krk laxzke ds lkFk jgsA
bu nksuksa dk lacaèk t+ehankj vkSj tkxhjnkj ?kjkuksa ls Fkk] ysfdu vk£Fkd Lrj ij nksuksa us dfBukb;ksa
dk lkeuk fd;k( izse esa ukdke jgs vkSj bl ukdkeh ds nnZ dks dfork esa <kyrs jgsA b'd+ dh
ukdkfe;ksa esa Hkh] etkt+ us 'kk;jh esa vkerkSj ls ek;wlh dks gkoh ugha gksus fn;k] vius egcwc ds
fo#) dksbZ }s"k ugha j[kk vkSj mPpre ekuo ewY;ksa ij mlds ,rekn dks et+cwr j[kkA ;g etkt+
ds pfj=k dh 'kfDr Fkh fd mUgksaus futh thou dh foQyRkkvksa dks bl lhek rd >syus ds ckotwn
fd mu ij rhu ckj ekufld vk?kkr ds dkj.k tquwu ds nkSjs iM+s] os viuh 'kk;jh esa mEehn vkSj thou
ds uX+es xkrs jgsA

b'd+ esa lkfgj dh ukdkfe;ksa us mudh 'kk;jh dks vyx gh jax fn;kA bu ukdkfe;ksa dk mUgksaus

386 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

t'u euk;k] muls 'kfDr ysdj dkO; jpuk dhA ,sls Hkh ekSds+ vk;s tc yxk fd mudk b'd+

dke;kch dh eaft+y ij igqapus okyk Fkk] rks lkfgj ds d+ne ihNs gV x;sA 'kk;n ukdkeh gh muds
fy, izsj.kk Fkh] blfy, lhsus ij b'd+ dk nkx+ fy;s os mldk t'u eukrs jgs] fonzksgh vkf'kd+ ds
fy, uT+esa fy[krs jgs] fQ+Yeh xhrksa ds ekè;e ls viuh izsj.kk yksxksa esa ckaVrs jgs vkSj tuekul ij

bl rjg Nk x;s fd muds lkeus lcds fpjkx+ xqy gks x;sA
;s pkj 'kk;j gh D;k] chloha lnh ds rhljs&pkSFks n'kd esa ,d iwjk d+kfQ+yk Fkk tks izxfr'khy

fparu ds lkFk Lora=krk laxzke esa] veu dh LFkkiuk eas vkSj ifjorZu ds fy, la?k"kZjr FkkA lkfgj

us Ldwy ds t+ekus esa gh 'kk;jh 'kq: dj nh Fkh vkSj dkfyt rd igqaprs igqaprs 'kgj esa vPNh [k+klh
'kksgjr Hkh gkfly dj yhA u;s ys[kd vkSj Nk=k mu fnuksa fl;klh tylksa&tqywlksa esa 'kjhd gksrs vkSj
eq'kk;jksa esa fl;klh uT+esa i<+rs FksA lkfgj us Hkh blh iqjtks'k ekgkSy esa vka[ksa [kksyhaA fnYyh] ykgkSj]

y[kum$ vkSj bykgkckn tSls cM+s 'kgjksa dh ckr rks tkus nsa] NksVs&NksVs nsgkr] d+Lcs vkSj cfLr;ka Hkh
crkZuoh jkt ds fo#) la?k"kZ dh deZHkwfe cu jgh FkhaA 8 ekpZ 1921 dks tUes vCnqy gbZ] ;kuh lkfgj
;ksa rks ,d tkxhjnkj cki ds bdykSrs csVs Fks ysfdu ifr ds lkFk fuokZg u gksus ds dkj.k lkfgj dh

eka vius Hkkb;ksa ds ikl vk x;h FkhaA bl rjg lkfgj us ufugky esa ijofj'k ik;hA ekyok [kkylk
gkbZ Ldwy ls izkFkfed f'k{kk vkSj xouZesaV dkfyt yqfèk;kuk rFkk bLykfe;k dkfyt ykgkSj ls mPprj
f'k{kk ik;hA ysfdu fMxzh feyus ls igys gh dkfyt NksM+ fn;kA ykgkSj esa mu fnuksa pksVh ds 'kk;j

vkSj vnhc tek FksA vkfcn vyh vkfcn] lwQ+h rcLlqe] gQ+ht+ tkyaèkjh] vglku nkfu'k] ,e-Mh-
rklhj] firjl cq[k+kjh] Ñ'u panj] nsosanz lR;kFkhZ] fQ+Ø rkSaloh] xksiky feÙky] gjh'kpanz v[+rj] vCnqy
gehn vne] vgen unhe d+kleh] ve`rk izhre tSls fy[kus okyksa dh dgd'kka ls ykgkSj dk

vklekus&vnc f>yfeyk jgk FkkA txg&txg vnch tyls] lkIrkfgd xksf"B;ka gksrha] 'kk;jh]
vQ+lkus vkSj vkykspukRed ys[k i<+s tkrsA ,slh gh egfQ+ysa gksLVyksa esa Hkh gksrha tgka Nk=kksa ds vykok
ckgj ls Hkh Jksrk] izdk'kd vkSj ys[kd vkdj tek gksrsA vnc&s yrhQ+ ds ekfyd pkSèkjh ut+hj vgen
Hkh vkrs FksA os lkfgj ls izHkkfor gq, vkSj mUgksaus lkfgj dks vnc&s yrhQ+ dk ,MhVj cuk fn;kA blls
lkfgj dk izHkko {ks=k c<+ x;k] D;ksafd vnc&s yrhQ+ dk 'kqekj lcls vPNh if=kdkvksa esa gksrk FkkA

ykgkSj vkus ls igys yqfèk;kuk esa lkfgj dh ljx£e;ksa vkSj futh thou dh [+kwclwjr >yfd;ka

muds nksLr gkfQ+t+ yqfèk;kuoh us vius ys[k ^lkfgj % dqN ;knsa Hkwyh fcljh lh* esa izLrqr dh gSaA
lkfgj dh ekewt+kn cguksa] ljoj 'kQ+h vkSj vuoj lqYkrkuk us muds fet+kt] ?kj ls tT+ckrh yxko
vkSj ft+Eesnkjh ds vglkl dk c;ku bl rjg fd;k gS fd lkfgj ds cpiu ds vkSj O;fDrRo ds

fofHkUu igyw lkeus vk tkrs gSaA felky ds rkSj ij ;g fd os cpiu esa ft+íh Fks vkSj viuh ckr
euok dj gh NksM+rsA nwèk ihrs oD+r ,d ckj ft+n dj cSBs fd ikuh feykvks rc nwèk ihÅaxkA ,sls
ekSd+ksa ij mudh eka ijs'kku gks tkrha vkSj jks iM+rhaA rc ekew mUgsa eukus dh dksbZ rjdhc <wa<+ fudkyrsA

flxjsV vkSj ekfpl dh fMfc;ksa ls NksVh lh nhokj [kM+h djrs] ml ij lQ+sn :eky rku nsrs vkSj
VkpZ dh jks'kuh ml ij upkrs vkSj nksLrksa ls dgrs fd ns[kks eaMok ¼flusek ?kj½ cuk;k gSA blls vankt+k
gksrk gS fd fQ+Yeksa ls mUgsa cpiu ls gh yxko Fkk] dyk vkSj lkfgR; ds izse us mUgsa 'kk;jh dh rjQ+
ekby dj fn;kA dkfyt esa os Nk=kksa dh ;wfu;u ds lnj Fks vkSj cT+es&vnc ds tylkas eas Hkh c<+p<+dj
'kjhd gksrs FksA dkfyt gh esa muds nks b'd+ksa dk foLr`r o.kZu muds nksLr gkfQ+t+ yqfèk;kuoh us fd;k

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 387

gS tks nksuksa gh ukdke jgsA izse pkSèkjh dk chekjh ds dkj.k nsgkar gks x;k vkSj nwljh izsfedk bZ'oj
dk dkfyt ls uke dkV fn;k x;kA lkfgj dks Hkh dkfyt ls fudky fn;k x;kA b'd+ dh ;s
ukdkfe;ka lkfgj dh 'kk;jh dh izsj.kk vkSj 'kfDr cu x;haA mudh dbZ vPNh uT+esa blh nkSj dh
;knxkj gSaA ykgkSj ds d+;ke ds nkSjku mUgksaus ve`rk izhre ls b'd+ fd;kA cfYd ve`rk us lkfgj
ls b'd+ fd;k] ftldh rQ+lhy [+kqn ve`rk izhre us lkfgj ij fy[ks vius ys[k esa fy[kh gS] ve`rk
gh ds fy, lkfgj us viuh O;aX;kRed uT+e ^eknke* fy[kh tc os vius nksLrksa dks ysdj ve`rk dh
fdlh ckr ij ukjkt+ gks x;s%

vki csotg ijs'kku lh D;ksa gSa eknke
yksx dgrs gSa rks fQj Bhd gh dgrs gksaxs
esjs vgckc us rgt+hc u lh[kh gksxh
esjs ekgkSy esa balku u jgrs gksaxsA
nksLrh fuHkkuk vkSj fj'rksa dks xgjs eu ls eglwl djuk lkfgj dh fQ+rjr esa nkf[+ky FkkA muds ,d
nksLr vgen jkgh us ,d csrdYyqQ+ vkSj I;kj Hkjs >xMs+ dk ft+Ø fd;k gS ftls Ik<+dj cslk[+rk galh
vk tkrh gSA vkt+knh ds ckn flracj 1947 ls twu 1948 rd vgen jkgh vkSj lkfgj ykgkSj esa ,d
gh dejs esa jgrs Fks] jkr fnu dk lkFk FkkA lksus ls igys gj jkr nksuksa esa >xM+k gksrk D;ksafd pkjikbZ
,d gh FkhA lkfgj dgrs] vius fy, pkjikbZ [+kjhn yks] ysfdu vgen jkgh ds ikl iSls ugha FksA
muds >xM+ksa ij bCus ba'kk [+kwc gh galrs tks vyx pkjikbZ ij mlh dejs esa lksrs FksA ,d vkSj >xM+k
vksojdksV dks ysdj gksrk Fkk tks caVokjs ds ckn ve`rlj ls ykgkSj vkus ij vykV gksus okys edku
esa vgen jkgh dks feyk FkkA ykgkSj dh dM+dM+krh lnhZ esa vgen jkgh mls lqcg 'kke igurs] fnu
Hkj ,d iqjkuk LosVj yVdk;s ?kwersA lkfgj us ml ij d+Ct+k dj fy;k vkSj ,d 'kke dks vksojdksV
yVdk;s viuh fdlh fQ+¶+Vh ijlsaV okyh egcwck dh xyh ds pDdj yxkus yxsA jkgh lkFk&lkFk nkar
ihlrs vkSj fBBqjrs gq, py jgs FksA okilh esa x<+h 'kkg ds d+fczLrku ls xqt+jrs oD+r jkgh us lkfgj
dks ,d VwVh d+cz ds ikl idM+ fy;k vkSj dgk] ^vxj rqEgsa b'd+ djuk gS rks vksojdksV eq>s ns nksA
rqEgkjs vanj rks b'd+ dh xehZ gSA eSa bl lnhZ esa fueksfu;s ls ugha ejuk pkgrkA vksojdksV ns nksA
oukZ eSa rqEgsa bl d+cz ds vanj fyVk nwaxkA* lkfgj us oknk dj fy;k ysfdu ykSVk;k ughaA cfYd
fganqLrku vkrs gq, twu dh fpyfpykrh èkwi esa ogh vksojdksV igus] lj ij gSV vkSj vka[kksa ij p'ek
p<+k;s ykgkSj ls #[+lr gq,A vius [+k;ky esa lh-vkbZ-Mh- ls Nqius ds fy, mUgksaus gqfy;k cnyk FkkA
ykgkSj NksM+dj Hkkjr vkus dk dkj.k csjkst+xkjh vkSj vk£Fkd raxh ls T+;knk 'kk;n ogka dh

dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk joS;k jgkA vgen jkgh fy[krs gSa fd ikVhZ us mEehn fnyk;h Fkh fd bejkts + tkjh
gksrs gh mUgsa ,fMVksfj;y LVkQ+ esa j[k fy;k tk;sxkA ysfdu ,slk ugha gqvkA bejkts + ds ,MhVj ekSykuk
pjkx+ glu gljr lkfgj ls ukjkt+ Fks] D;ksafd lkfgj dh ,d x+t+y mUgsa ilan ugha vk;h FkhA vgen
jkgh us fy[kk gS ^vkvks gqLus ;kj dh ckrsa djsa* og x+t+y Fkh tks ckn esa rfY[+k;ka esa NihA esjs lkeus
vnclkt+ esa izdkf'kr rfY[+;ka eas ;g x+t+y 'kkfey ugha] ysfdu vkvks fd dksbZ [+okc cqusa esa ,d
x+t+y t+:j gS tks fdlh Hkh vkfLrd dh Hkkoukvksa dks Bsl igqapk ldrh gSA bl x+t+y ds dqN 'ksj
;ksa gaS %

388 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

lt+k dk gky lquk;sa] tt+k dh ckr djsa
[+kqnk feyk gks ftUgsa] oks [+kqnk dh ckr djsa
gekjs vgn dh rgt+hc esa d+ck gh ugha
vxj d+ck gks rks cans&d+ck dh ckr djsa

gjsd nkSj dk et+gc u;k [k+qnk yk;k

djsa rks ge Hkh exj fdl [+kqnk dh ckr djsaA

lkfgj dks dE;qfuLVksa ds v[k+ckj esa dke ugha feykA ^bl rjD+d+hilan v[+kckj us jtvrijLr
¼:f<+oknh½ vnhcksa ds fy, rks njokts+ [kksy j[ks Fks exj rjD+d+hilan lkfgj dks vanj ugha ?kqlus fn;kA
lkfgj bl joS;s ls ek;wl gks x;kA* bl ckr dks lkfgj ds fganqLrku pys tkus dk dkj.k crkrs gq,
vgen jkgh vkxs fy[krs gSa fd bl rjg ^Hkkjr dh og nkSyr tks eqYd dh rd+lhe esa ikfdLrku
ds gkFk yxh Fkh] twu 1948 esa fQj Hkkjr dh frtksjh eas pyh x;hA*

ysfdu lkfgj ,d e'kgwj 'kk;j FksA ^rktegy* vkSj ^;s fdldk ygw gS] dkSu ejk* tSlh uT+eksa
us eqYd Hkj esa lkfgj dk uke igqapk fn;k FkkA pqukaps cd+kSy bczkghe tyhl lkfgj vius uke vkSj
viuh 'kksgjr ds ihNs&ihNs cacbZ igqap x;kA eqacbZ esa Ñ'ku panj] bLer pqx+rkbZ] eqYdjkt vkuan]
[+oktk vgen vCckl] lTTkkn t+ghj vkSj flCrs&glu us ^bYe* ds fy, vkSj fQ+Yelkt+ dqyoar jk;
us ^fQ+Ye* ds fy, lkfgj yqfèk;kuoh dks jksd fy;kA* eaqcbZ esa lkfgj us 'kq#vkrh nkSj dkQ+h raxh
vkSj ijs'kkfu;ksa esa xqt+kjk ysfdu mUgsa ,d gh èkqu Fkh] os fQ+Yeksa esa rqdcanh vkSj ?kfV;k 'kk;jh ds
f[+kykQ+ ^ftgkn* djuk pkgrs Fks vkSj ;g fd mldh txg vnch 'kk;jh dh nqfu;k dks dke;kc djuk
pkgrs FksA mudk [+okc lp gqvkA lfpu nso ceZu dh fQ+Ye ckt+h esa lkfgj us xhr fy[ks tks fgV
gq, vkSj fQj lkfgj us iyV dj ugha ns[kkA dke;kch muds d+ne pwerh jghA u iSls dh deh jgh]
u 'kksgjr dh vkSj u ml larks"k dh tks mUgksaus fQ+Yeh xhrksa esa vius vkn'kks± dks <ky dj izkIr fd;kA
vc yksx E;wft+d Mk;jsDVj dh otg ls ugha] cfYd xhrdkj ds uke ls fQ+Ye dh dke;kch dk vankt+k
djus yxsA lkfgj] et:g vkSj 'kdhy cnk;wuh us fQ+Yeksa ij xhrdkjksa dk opZLo LFkkfir dj fn;kA
lkfgj dh bl cM+h dke;kch ls izHkkfor gksdj xq#nÙk us lkfgj dh ft+anxh ij ,d dke;kc fQ+Ye
I;klk cuk;h ftlesa 'kkfey lkfgj ds xhr vkt Hkh mrus gh yksdfiz; gSa ftrus vius le; esa FksA

lkfgj ds ?kj nksLrksa dk tekoM+k jgrk] fQ+Ye vkSj lkfgR; dh nqfu;k ds lkjs flrkjs muds ?kj
txexkrsA jkr x;s rd egfQ+ysa terhaA ,slh dbZ egfQ+yksa dh :nkn oktsnk rcLlqe] vuoj
lqYrkuk] bczkghe tyhl vkfn us fy[kh gSaA bruh el:fQ+;r vkSj izflf) ds fnuksa eas mUgksaus viuh
ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dh rjQ+ ls x+Q+yr ugh cjrhA cM+h eqekuh ¼ekeh½ vkSj mudh csVh ljoj 'kQ+h
bykgkckn esa jgrh Fkha ftudh NksVh csVh vuoj lqYrkuk lkfgj vkSj mudh eka ljnkj csxe ds lkFk
ecaq bZ eas FkhAa lkfgj ikcna h ls bykgkckn tkrrµs d+jhcu gj eghu(s vkjS mudh t+:jrkas dk gj rjg
[+k;ky j[krsA dHkh edku cuokus ds fy, vPNh t+ehu ryk'k jgs gSa] dHkh dgrs gSa] bykgkckn NksM+
nks vkSj lc yksx eqacbZ vk tkvks] vkf[k+j rqEgha yksxksa ds fy, rks dek jgk gwaA ljoj 'kQ+h us eqykt+er
dj yh rks lkfgj dks fcYdqy vPNk ugha yxkA os pkgrs Fks fd viuh cguksa vkSj eqekuh dks gj rjg
dk vkjke [k+qn eqg¸;k djsaA fQ+Ye ds lsV ij vDlj viuh eka vkSj vuoj lqYrkuk dks ys tkrs tks
mudh dke;kfc;ka vkSj èkkd ns[kdj cgqr [kq'k gksrhaA ,d dke;kc ft+anxh gkfly djus ds ckn

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 389

lkfgj dksbZ lkB cjl dh mez esa 25 vDVwcj 1980 dks fny ds etZ+ esa bl nqfu;k ls #[+lr gq,A
vgen jkgh us fy[kk fd ^mldh ekSr ml fny ds Mwcus ls gqbZ tks vkt ls pkyhl lky igys xouZeasV
dkWyst yqfèk;kuk esa igyh ckj Mwck Fkk vkSj mldh ekSr rd eqlyly Mwcrk pyk x;kA* pkyhl
lky igys b'd+ dh ukdkeh us lkfgj dk lkFk dHkh ugha NksM+kA ,d baVjO;w esa tc ujs'k dqekj 'kkn
us muls iwNk fd ^lkfgj lkgc! vkius 'kknh D;ksa ugha dh*] rks mUgksaus gal dj tokc fn;k Fkk] ^D;ksafd
dqN yM+fd;ka eq> rd nsj ls igqaph vkSj dqN yM+fd;ksa rd eSa nsj ls igqapkA* ;g tokc lp Hkh
gks ldrk gSA ;k fQj lkfgj dh u£xfl;r ¼Lo;a ls izse½ us muds fdlh b'd+ dks dke;kc ugha gksus
fn;k] dkSu tkus!

lkfgj dh 'kk;jh ds rhu ladyu rfY[+k;ka ¼1944½] yach uT+e ijNkb;ka ¼1955½ vkSj vkvks fd
dksbZ [+okc cqusa ¼1971½ izdkf'kr gq,A 'kksgjr rfY[+k;ka ds ckn gh fey x;h FkhA fQ+Yeh xhrksa dk
lda Yku xkrk tk;s catkjk ds 'kh"kZd ls izdkf'kr gqvkA lkfgj dks vke rkSj ij ukSmez yM+ds yM+fd;ksa
dk 'kk;j dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd mudh 'kk;jh ukStokuksa ds tT+ckr dh csgrjhu rtqZekuh djrh gSA
ysfdu mudh T+;knk yksdfiz; fQ+Øvaxst+ vkSj izHkkfor djus okyh os uT+esa gSa tks mUgksaus veu o
vkt+knh ds gd+ esa] tax vkSj tcz ds f[k+ykQ+ fy[khaA mUgksaus 'kk;jh ds tf+j;s Hkh vkSj ckrphr esa Hkh
[kqys rkSj ij vius ut+fj;s dk ,yku fd;kA ,d baVjO;w esa ujs'k dqekj 'kkn dks crkrs gSa fd ^eSa
dHkh fdlh fl;klh ikVhZ dk esacj ugha jgkA X+kqyke fganksLrku esa vkt+knh ds ldkjkRed igyw <wa<+uk
vkSj mudk izpkj djuk esjk vkn'kZ t+:j jgk gSA vkSj vc ts+guh rkSj ij bD+rlknh ¼vk£Fkd½ vkt+knh
dk gkeh gwa ftldh okts+g 'kDy esjs ut+nhd lks'kfyT+e gSA*

veu ds cx+Sj vkt+knh dk rlOoqj csek;us gSA ^,s 'kjhQ+ balkuksa*] ^vkokt+s&vkne*] ^;s fdldk
ygw gS] ^[+kwu fQj [+kwu gS*] tSlh lkfgfR;d uT+esa mu lkoZHkkSfed ewY;ksa vkSj turkaf=kd vkn'kks± dh
fgek;r djrh gSa ftuls balku dh balkfu;r d+k;e gSA viuh yach uT+e ^ijNkb;ka* esa nks eqgCcr
djus okyksa dh dqN rLohjas fn[kkus ds ckn ,d u;k eat+j is'k djrs gSa ftlesa ft+anxh tax] vdky]
Hkq[kejh] x+jhch dh ,slh ck<+ esa Mwc tkrh gS ftlesa lc dqN] lkjs fnyd'k ut+kjs [+kRe gks tkrs gSaA
bl vkikèkkih esa vkSjrsa ftLe cspus ij etcwj gks tkrh gSaA nksuksa eqgCCkr djus okys vius vius gkykr
ls cscl pan flDdksa ds fy, viuh dyk vkSj 'kjhj csprs gSaA u I;kj cprk gS u Hkkouk,aA nqfu;k
dh ;g Hk;kog rLohj vkf[k+j D;ksa cuh\ bldk tokc os gqDejkuksa dh ikfyfl;ksa esa ns[krs gSa %

cgqr fnuksa ls gS ;s e'kx+yk fl;klr dk
fd tc toku gksa cPps rks d+Ry gks tk;sa
cgqr fnuksa ls gS ;s [+kCr gqDejkuksa dh

fd nwj nwj ds eqYdksa esa d+gr cks tk;as

bl fl;klr dks le>us vkSj blds f[+kykQ+ ,dtqV gksus esa gh lkfgj balku dh cd+k vkSj thou
ekurs gaS %

pyks fd vkt lHkh ik;eky :gksa ls
dgsa fd vius gj bd t+[+e dks t+cka dj ysa
gekjk jkt+ gekjk ugha] lHkh dk gS
pyks fd lkjs t+ekus dks jkt+nka dj ysa

390 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

...

dgks fd vc dksbZ d+kfry vxj bèkj vk;k
rks gj d+ne is t+eha rax gksrh tk;sxh
gj ,d ekSts&gok #[k+ cny ds >iVsxh
gj ,d 'kk[k+ jxs&lax gksrh tk;sxh
...

dgks fd vkt Hkh ge lc vxj [+keks'k jgs
rks bl nedrs gq, [+kkdnka dh [+kSj ugha
tquwa dh <kyh gqbZ ,Veh cykvksa ls
t+eha dh [+kSj ugha] vkleka dh [kS+j ugha
okts+g rkSj ij lkezkT;oknh vkSj iawthoknh O;oLFkk ds dkj.k iSnk gksus okyh leL;kvksa] ladV vkSj taxksa
ds f[+kykQ+ la?k"kZ vkSj blds QyLo:i veu dh LFkkiuk gh bl uT+e dk fo"k; gS vkSj bl psrkouh
ij lkfgj uT+e dks [k+Re djrs gSa fd vxj ;g lc ugha jksdk x;k] vxj t+ehusa vkSj Q+lysa vkSj
jkst+xkj mudks ugha feyk ftudk bu ij gd+ gS] rks fQj vkus okyh tax eas balku rks balku mldh
ijNkb;ka Hkh ty tk;saxhA tax dh rckgdkjh ds fo#) psrkouh lkfgj us dbZ uT+eksa esa nh gS tks vkt
Hkh viuk xgjk izHkko gekjs t+sguksa ij Mkyrh gSA
lkfgj us lkekftd] jktuhfrd foMacukvksa vkSj fo"kerkvksa ij Hkh xgjs O;ax fd;s gSaA
lkaiznkf;drk] tax] vU;k; vkSj naxksa ij xgjk O;aX; ^t'us x+kfyc*] ^cM+h rkd+rsa* vkSj ^xkaèkh gks ;k
x+kfyc gks* tSlh uT+eksa esa eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vkt+kn fganqLrku esa mnwZ ds lkFk tks lkSrsyk lqywd gqvk] mldks lkaiznkf;drk dk f'kdkj cuk;k
x;k] mldk mUgsa nq[k FkkA ^t'us x+kfyc* esa mUgksaus blh foMacuk dks mtkxj fd;k gS fd mnwZ dks
[+kRe djds mnwZ ds 'kk;j dk t'u D;k ek;us j[krk gSA ysfdu blls Hkh T+;knk Li"V rkSj ij vius
fopkj bl loky ds tokc esa j[ks fd Hkkjr esa mnwZ dk D;k Hkfo"; gSA lkfgj dk tokc Fkk %
mnwZ t+cku ds eqLrd+fcy dks fganqLrku ds eqLrd+fcy ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA fganqLrku esa mnwZ
dk ogh eqLrd+fcy gS tks [+kqn fganqLrku dk gSA ;kuh ftl j¶+rkj ls rvLlqc vkSj raxut+jh esa deh
iSnk gksxh mlh j¶+rkj ls eqYd vkSj mnwZ nksuksa vkxs c<+saxsA
lkfgj dh [+kwch ;g gS fd ikBd dks tT+ckrh rkSj ij viuh fxj¶+r eas ys ysrs gSaA ysfdu mudh ogh
uT+esa lcls vfèkd izHkkfor djrh gSa ftuesa fopkj vkSj Hkkouk dk ,d larqfyr feJ.k gSA flQ+Z
Hkkouk ls vPNh 'kk;jh ugha gks ldrh vkSj u dsoy fopkj dfork cu ldrk gSA buds dykiw.kZ
bt+gkj dh vPNh felkysa lkfgj dh 'kk;jh ls nh tk ldrh gSaA bl izHkkoksRikndrk ds fy, lkfgj
y¶+t+ksa ls pyrh fQjrh rLohjsa cukrs gSaA muds }kjk jps x;s dkO;&fcEc muds Q+u dks fp=kdyk
vkSj laxrjk'kh ds d+jhc dj nsrs gSaA izks- eqgEen glu mudh 'kk;jh dh bl [+kwch dks fQ+Yeksa esa mudh
dke;kch dk ,d dkj.k ekurs FksA tSls %
glha 'kcue vkywn ixMafM;ksa ls
fyiVus yxs lCt+ isM+ksa ds lk;s
...

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 391

rqEgkjk ftLe gj bd ygj ds >dksys ls
esjh [kqyh gqbZ ckagksa esa >wy tkrk gS
.....
eqLdqjk ,s t+ehus rhjk&vks&rkj!
lj mBk ,s nch gqbZ e[k+ywd+!
viuh joka noka cgrh gqbZ Hkk"kk] tT+ckr ds izokg vkSj fopkjksa dh xgurk ls ekuoewY;ksa] vkt+knh vkSj
U;k; ds vkn'kks± esa ;d+hu ds dkj.k lkfgj us lkfgR; dh nqfu;k esa viuk ,d LFkku cuk;kA fQ+Yeksa
ds fy, xhr fy[kus ds dkj.k muds d+n dks de djds fn[kkus okys Hkh cgqr gSaA ysfdu os Hkh lkfgj
dh yksdfiz;rk vkSj izHkko {ks=k ls badkj ugha dj ldrsA lkfgj ds t+gu vkSj dyk dk ,rjkQ+ djrs
gq, mudh e`R;q ij gchc tkfyc us tks uT+e dgh Fkh og lkfgj dh bu [+kwfc;ksa dks mtkxj djrh
gS%
;wa oks t+qYer ls jgk nLrks fxjscka ;kjks
mlls [+kkbQ+ Fks cgqr 'kc ds fuxgcka ;kjks
mez Hkj mlus fd;k b'd+ x+es nqfu;k ls
ml lk gksxk u dksbZ vkf'kd+s&balka ;kjks
mldh gj uT+e esa nq[k nnZ gS balkuksa dk
mldk gj 'ksj gS balku is vglka ;kjks
mlus gjxke gesa gkSlyk&,&rkt+k fn;k
oks u ,d iy Hkh jgk gels xqjst+ka ;kjks
mldks gj gky esa thus dh vnk vkrh Fkh
oks u gkykr ls gksrk Fkk ijs'kka ;kjks
mldks Fkh d'ked'ks nSjks&gje ls uQ+jr
ml lk fganw u dksbZ ml lk eqlyeka ;kjks
vius v'kvkj dh 'ke+vksa ls mtkyk djds
dj x;k 'kc dk lQ+j fdruk oks vklka ;kjks
mlus ckfry ls u rk t+hLr fd;k le>kSrk
ngj esa ml lk dgka lkfgcs&bZeka ;kjks
mlds xhrksa ls t+ekus dks laokjs vkvks!
:gs&lkfgj dks vxj djuk gS 'kknka ;kjksA

¼rkt egy dh ekSr ij½

eks- 9810598859

392 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

izseèkou

ukflj vgen fldanj

fganh flusek esa xhr ys[ku dh 'kq#vkr 1931 esa cuh igyh lokd~ fQ+Ye ^vkye vkjk* ls gqbZA
blh ds vklikl izxfr'khy vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr Hkh gqbZA 1936 esa izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk
gqbZ] rks lu 1943 esa blh psruk dh lkaLÑfrd bdkbZ ^bIVk* dk xBu Hkh gqvkA cksyrh fQ+Yeksa dh
'kq#vkr ds lkFk gh tgka dFkk&iVdFkk ys[ku] xhr&laxhr] laoknksa dh Hkkoiw.kZ vnk;xh] u`R; vkSj
funsZ'ku vkfn dh t+:jr eglwl gqbZ] ogha tu psruk ds izpkj&izlkj dk lcls l'kDr ekè;e flusek
cu x;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl nkSj esa izxfr'khy èkkjk ds dbZ ys[kd] funsZ'kd] xhrdkj] laxhrdkj]
fganh flusek ls tqMs+A buesa cyjkt lkguh] vej 'ks[k+] jfo'kadj] [okt+k vgen vCckl] _fRod ?kVd]
lfyy pkSèkjh] 'kSysUnz] lkfgj] izse èkou] et:g vkfn izeq[k gSaA bl nkSjku ^èkjrh ds yky* vkSj ^uhpk
uxj* tSlh fQ+Yeksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh bIVk ds lg;ksx ls gqvkA vr% izxfr'khy vkanksyu dk izHkko flQZ+
lkfgR; esa ugha] fganh flusek ij Hkh iM+kA

ftl rjg dfork dh ixz fr'khy èkkjk fgna h&mnZw ds dfo;kQµas t+S +] etkt+] vyh ljnkj tkQ+jh]
dsnkj] ukxktqZu] f=kykspu] 'ke'ksj vkfn ls feydj curh gS( mlh rjg flus xhrdkjksa dh Q+sgfjLr
Hkh fgUnh&mnwZ dfo;ksa ds esy ls curh gSA ;gka Hkh rjD+d+hilan eqlfUuQ+hu ls tqM+s mnwZ 'kk;j lkfgj
yqfèk;kuoh] et:g lqYrkuiqjh] dSQ+h vkt+eh] tkafulkj v[+rj vkfn gSa] rks fganh dfo;ksa es ujsanz 'kekZ]
'kSysanz] izseèkou vkfnA ftl rjg izxfr'khy dkO;èkkjk lkekftd psruk ls rkYyqd+ j[krh gS] mlh
rjg bl èkkjk ls tqM+s flus&xhrdkj Hkh blh psruk dks vius fQ+Yeh xhrksa esa Loj nsrs gSaA gkykafd
^dkO; iz;kstu* rFkk ^fQ+Ye xhr iz;kstu* esa varj gksrk gSA fQ+Ye xhr iz;kstu esa dFkkØe dks vkxs
c<+kuk] dFkkud dks tksM+uk] uk;d&ukf;dk dh eu% fLFkfr dks n'kkZuk vkfn 'kkfey gSA ;gka ,d
gh xhr esa uk;d&ukf;dk nksuksa ds euksHkkoksa dks rFkk ,d lkFk dbZ ik=kksa ds cksy ,d gh xhr esa laHko
djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA lkfgj yqfèk;kuoh ds 'kCnksa esa] ^,d fQ+Yeh ux+ekfuxkj dks ;g vkt+knh gkfly
ugha gksrh tks ,d vnch 'kk;j dks gksrh gSA ux+ekfuxkj dks gj gky esa Mªkek dh gn esa jguk iM+rk
gS vkSj fdjnkjksa dh ts+guh lrg ds eqrkfcd vyQ+kt+ vkSj [+k;kykr dk bafr[k+kc djuk gksrk gSA*

;gka ;g Hkh x+kSjryc gS fd dkO; dk lacaèk tgka ^fo"k;* ls gS] ogha fQ+Yeh xhrksa dk lacaèk
^flpq,'ku* ls gSA rFkk ftl rjg vPNs fo"k; ij] det+ksj dfork vFkok det+ksj fo"k; ij vPNh
dfork gks ldrh gS] mlh rjg fQ+Ye esa vPNh ^flpq,'ku* ij det+ksj xhr rFkk det+ksj ^flpq,'ku*
ij egku xhr dh Hkh jpuk gks ldrh gSA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS] tks egku xhrdkj gksrk gS] og
dYiuk vkSj 'kCn lajpuk ls ,slk xhr jp nsrk gS fd og xhr fQ+Yeh ^flpq,'ku* ls vyx gksdj
Hkh viuh Lora=k lÙkk cuk ysrk gSA ;kuh ge fQ+Ye u Hkh ns[k jgs gksa ;k ijns ij] uk;d&ukf;dk
u Hkh gksa] rks Hkh xhr viuk izHkko cukrk gS] vkSj yksdfiz; gks tkrk gSA

;gka eSaus dkO; ys[ku vkSj fQ+Yeh xhr ys[ku esa izxfr'khy vkanksyu dks ysdj bruh yach Hkwfedk

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 393

blfy, Hkh fy[kh fd vkxs izseèkou ij fy[krs gq, bls vkèkkj oDrO; dh rjg bLrseky dj ldwaA
D;ksafd izseèkou izxfr'khy vkanksyu ls Hkh tqM+s Fks vkSj fQ+Ye xhr ys[ku ls HkhA fQ+Yeh ys[ku dh
cafn'kksa] mlds iz;kstu] flpq,'ku vkfn ds dkj.k muds fQ+Yeh xhrksa esa fQ+Ye dh gj flpq,'ku ds
xhr ekStwn gSaA oks pkgs uk;d&ukf;dkvksa ds euksHkkoksa ;k fdjnkjksa dks ysdj fy[ks x, xhr gksa] vFkok
fdlh Hkh vU; fQ+Yeh flpq,'ku ij fy[ks xhr gksaA oSls muds xhrksa dk ewy Loj jk"Vªh; psruk ls
tqM+k gSA

fgUnh dfork esa izxfrokn ds lekukarj jk"Vªh; dkO;èkkjk dk Loj ftl oD+r pje ij Fkk] mlh
dky esa izseèkou us vius fQ+Yeh xhrksa ds lQ+j dh 'kq#vkr dhA mUgksaus igyh ckj 1948 esa cuh
fQ+Ye ft+íh esa xhr fy[ksA ft+íh fQ+Ye ls vius xhr ys[ku dh 'kq#vkr djus okys izseèkou ds igys
laxhrdkj [ksepan izdk'k FksA gkykafd bl fQ+Ye esa mudk fy[kk jksekuh xhr ^pank js tk js tk] fi;k
ls lans'kk eksjk dfg;ks tk;* p£pr gqvk] rFkk bl fQ+Ye esa jk"Vªh; psruk ls lacafèkr dksbZ xhr u
FkkA mlds ckn mUgksaus rjkuk ¼1951½] gennZ ¼1953½] rkxa os kyh ¼1955½] ,d lky ¼1957½ vkfn
fQ+Yeksa esa Hkh blh rjg ds xhr fy[ksA ysfdu tc 1961 esa fcey jk; us johanzukFk Bkdqj dh dgkuh
^dkcqyh okyk* ij dsafnzr fQ+Ye cuk;h rks izseèkou us vius jk"Vªh; psruk ds Loj dks ^,s esjs fcNM+s
peu* xhr ds ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;kA gkykafd blh nkSj esa psru vkuan dh fQ+Ye gd+hd+r ¼1964½
esa muds lkFkh dSQ+h vkt+eh us Hkh ^dj pys ge fQ+nk tkuks&ru lkfFk;ksa* tSlk ns'kHkfDr ls tqM+k xhr
fy[kk FkkA ;s nksuksa xhr vkt Hkh ns'kHkfDriw.kZ xhrksa dh Js.kh ds Js"B xhr gSaA izseèkou ds xhr esa
eq[kMs+ ds ckn ds can esa tc ^rw gh esjh vkjT+kw rw gh esjh vkc:] rq> is fny o+$qckZu---* iafDr;ka vkrh
gSa rFkk dSQ+h vkt+eh ds xhr esa ^ftank jgus ds ekSle cgqr gSa exj] lj dVkus dh #r jkst+ vkrh
ugha---* tSlh iafDr;ka vkrh gSa] rks yxrk gS] jk"Vª dh Lora=krk ls tqM+k jk"Vªokn dk lPpk vkSj iq[+rk
Loj] Q+klhoknh jk"Vªokn ls fdruk fHkUu gSA ;g Loj Q+klhokn ds leku jk"Vªizse ds Hkhrj jk"Vª esa
ekStwn fdlh èkeZ&tkfr fo'ks"k dks mPprj ;k derj ugha djrk] cfYd lewps ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k
esa fijksrk gSA izseèkou us viuh blh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dks fQ+Ye 'kghn ¼1965½ esa pje ij igqapk fn;kA
bl fQ+Ye esa mUgksaus xhr Hkh fy[ks vkSj laxhr Hkh fn;kA bl fQ+Ye esa mUgksaus tgka jkeizlkn fcfLey
ds ^ljQ+jks'kh dh reUuk vc gekjs fny esa gS---*xhr dks laxhrc) fd;k] ogha ^,s oru] ,s oru
rq>dks esjh d+le---* tSlk ns'kHkfDr iw.kZ xhr Hkh fy[kkA mUgksaus bl fQ+Ye esa esjk jax ns clarh pksyk-
-- rFkk ixM+h laHkky tV~Vk---tSls xhr Hkh fQ+Ye dh flpq,'ku vkSj i`"BHkwfe ds dkj.k iatkch cksyh]
ygts vkSj yksdèkquksa ij j[ksA gkykafd blds iwoZ 1956 esa fQYe tkxrs jgks esa blh cksyh] ygts ij]
os ^rs dh eSa >wB cksY;ka* xhr Hkh fy[k pqds FksA ;g xhr ns'k esa c<+ jgh dkyk ckt+kjh vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj
ds Hkkoksa ij dsafnzr gksdj tuxhr dk Loj Hkh curk FkkA

,d nwts nk gDd ekj ds cuns yksx vehj
eSa ,uwa dagnk pksjh] nqfu;k dganh rd+nhj

rs dh eSa >wB cksY;kaA
lPps Qkalh p<+rs osD[ks >wBk ekSt mMk,
yksdh dagns jcnh ek;k eSa dagnk vU;k,

rs dh eSa >wB cksY;kaA

394 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

euaS s m$ij fQ+Yeh xhr y[s ku dk lca èa k flpq,'ku ls tkMs +k FkkA Hkxr flga ij vkèkkfjr 'kghn fQ+Ye
esa flpq,'ku ds dkj.k gh ^tksxh ge rks yqV x;s rsjs I;kj esa@tkus rq>dks [k+cj dc gksxh* tSlk jksekuh
xhr Hkh iesz èkou us fy[kkA olS s Hkh fgUnh fQ+Ye eas iesz dh n'kkvkܵas kxa` kj] fojg vkfn ij dfas nrz xhr
cgrq k;r eas feyrs gAaS ,d rjg ls ;g fgna h fQ+Ye xhrkas dk dnas hz ; Hkko Hkh gAS rFkk ;g dnas hz ; Hkko fgna h

dfork dh Nk;koknh dkO;èkkjk ls esy [kkrk gSA bldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd fganh flusek esa ;g flpq,'ku
T+;knk feyrh gAS blfy, fgna h dfork eas 35&36 ds vklikl Nk;koknh dkO; ioz f` Ùk dks Hkys lekIr eku
fy;k x;k gks] ij fQ+Yeh xhrksa esa ;g izo`fÙk vkxs ¼70&75½ rd cuh jgrh gSA ;gka Nk;kokn dh rjg

laLÑrfu"B Hkk"kk rks ugha feyrh ij dF; rFkk jl] Nan] vyadkj] vkfn dyk :i feyrs gSaA izseèkou
us izse dh bl n'kk ij Hkh dbZ vej xhr fy[ks%

oQ+k ftuls dh csoQ+k gks x;s

oks okns eksgCcr ds D;k gks x;sA
¼fQY+ eµ I;kj dk lkxj½

rsjh nqfu;k ls nwj] pys gksds etcwj

gesa ;kn j[kuk
¼fQY+ eµ t+cd½
fganh fQ+Yeksa esa uk;d&ukf;dkvksa dh ukasd&>ksd] I;kj&bd+jkj&badkj dh flpq,'ku Hkh vke jghA
bl fLFkfr ij Hkh iesz èkou uvµs k yx tk xys fny#ck---¼fQY+ eµ nl yk[k½] ;s ijnk gVk nks@t+jk
eq[kM+k fn[kk nks---¼,d Qwy nks ekyh½ tSls dbZ xhr jpsA
izseèkou ds fQ+Yeh xhrksa dh fo'ks"krk ;g Hkh gS fd ;s xhr flpq,'ku ls vyx viuh lÙkk

LFkkfir djrs gSaA muds xhrkas dh Hkk"kk Hkh fganh&mnwZ ds ljy 'kCnksa ds esy ls curh gSA os yksd&'kCnksa
dk bLrseky Hkh c[+kwch djrs gSaA os iatkc ds yksdxhrksa ls Hkh vius xhrksa dk rkuk&ckuk cqurs gSaA
tlS Hµs khxk Hkhxk ;s lek-a --¼ lkou½ xhr esa ghj;s] cfy;s] tSls 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx rFkk ,d nwts nk gd+
ekj ds----¼tkxrs jgk½s xhr esa ^rs dh eSa >wB cksY;ka* tSlk yksd eqgkojk vkfnA muds xhrksa esa
uk;d&ukf;dk ds chp dh uksd&>ksad vkSj vYgM+iu ;k eLrh vkfn ds rjkus Hkh yksd dh f'k"Vrk
ls rkYydq + j[krs gAaS gkykfa d bl nkjS ds lHkh xhrdkjk'µas kyS nas ]z lkfgj] 'kdhy vkfn eas Hkh ;g fo'k"s krk

fn[kyk;h iM+rh gSA ;gh otg gS fd bl nkSj ds xhrksa dks vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gS rFkk lnkcgkj
xhr dgk tkrk gSA fQj Hkh izseèkou vU; xhrdkjksa ls bu vFkks± esa fHkUUk Fks fd mudk lacaèk xhr
vkSj laxhr nksuksa ls FkkA mUgksaus 'kghn ds vykok] ifo=k ikih rFkk Hkxoku vkSj fdlku fQ+Ye eas xhr
fy[ks vkSj laxhr Hkh fn;kA fQ+Yeh nqfu;k esa xhrdkj vkSj laxhrdkj ds bl ukrs dks muds ckn jfoUnz
tSu us dqN gn rd fuHkk;kA

var esa ,d vkRe&LohdkjksfDrA eSaus tc fganh flus xhrdkj izseèkou th ij ys[k fy[kus dh

LohÑfr nh] rks ml oD+r rd eq>s bruk irk Fkk fd os bIVk ls tqM+s Fks rFkk mudk izfl) xhr ^NksM+ks
dy dh ckrsa dy dh ckr iqjkuh----* esjs ts+gu esa Fkk] rFkk ;g Hkh tkurk Fkk fd mUgksaus 'kghn fQ+Ye
esa xhr Hkh fy[ks vkSj laxhr Hkh fn;kA ij mu ij ys[k fy[krs gq, tc muds xhrksa dh Q+sgfjLr rS;kj

dh rks ,ls s dbZ xhr Hkh fey]s ftUgas thou Hkj xuq xuq krk jgk gAaw elyueµ aS vkt Hkh ^ery*s ds
:i ^eq>s I;kj dh ft+anxh nsus okys@dHkh x+e u nsuk [+kq'kh nsus okys* 'ksj dks ¼fQ+Ye I;kj dk lkxj

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 395

dk e[q kMk+ ½ lcls lgt 'kjs ekurk gAaw ;k eaS tc Hkh vius nnZ Hkjs uxe+ kas dh lpw h cukrk rks fQY+ e ^ifo=k
ikih* dk mudk xhr ^rsjh nqfu;k ls gksds etcwj pyk---* rFkk t+cd fQ+Ye dk mudk xhr ^rsjh nqfu;k
ls nwj---* t+:j j[krkA pank ekek nwj ds--- ¼opu½ rFkk x+jhcksa dh lquks] oks rqEgkjh lqusxk---¼nl yk[k½
xhr rks eSa cpiu ls lqurk jgk gwaA blds vykok rq>s lwjt dgwa ;k pank---¼,d Qyw nks ekyh½] lc dqN
yqVk ds gks'k esa---¼,d lky½] oQ+k ftuls dh csoQ+k gks x;s---¼I;kj dk lkxj½ tSls dbZ xhr igyh ckj
tkuk fd bu xhrkas dks 1923 eas tUes xhrdkj iesz èkou us fy[kk] ftUgas 1970 eas ine~ Jh feyk vkjS 2001
esa ftudk fuèku gqvkA ,slk D;ksa\ tcfd eSa vius vkidks fQ+Ye xhr laxhr ds lkekU; Kku esa Bhd
Bkd ekurk gwaA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k 'kk;n ;s gS fd flus xhrdkjksa dh fdlh u fdlh laxhrdkj
ds lkFk tkMs +h jgh] ;k dkbs Z u dkbs Z cM+s fuekrZ k&fun'Zs kd ds os ilna hnk xhrdkj Hkh jgs gAaS tlS Hµs kjr
O;kl ¼xhrdkj½ vkSj olar nslkbZ ¼laxhrdkj½ rFkk Ogh- 'kkarkjke ¼fuekZrk funsZ'kd½] 'kSysanz ;k gljr
t;ijq h ¼xhrdkj½ vkjS 'kda j&t;fd'ku ¼lxa hrdkj½ rFkk jkt dijw ¼fuekrZ k fun'Zs kd½] lkfgj ¼xhrdkj½
vkSj jfo ¼laxhrdkj½] vkSj ch-vkj- pksIkM+k ¼fuekZrk&funsZ'kd½ ;k xq#nÙk ¼fuekZrk&funsZ'kd½] 'kdhy
¼xhrdkj½ vkSj ukS'kkn ¼laxhrdkj½] vkuan c[+'kh ¼xhrdkj½ vkSj y{ehdkar&I;kjsyky ¼laxhrdkj½]
xqyt+kj ¼xhrdkj½ vkSj vkj-Mh- ceZu ¼laxhrdkj½A xhrdkj izseèkou ds lkFk ,slk tksM+hnkj dksbZ
laxhrdkj ;k fuekZrk funsZ'kd u FkkA gkykafd mUgksaus [ksepan izdk'k] vfuy fo'okl] galjkt cgy]
lfyy pkSèkjh] jfo] fp=kxqIr] m"kk [kUuk vkfn laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk dke fd;kA fQ+Yeksa dh la[;k dks
ns[krs gq, mudh tksM+h dqN gn rd laxhrdkj ds :i esa lfyy pkSèkjh] jfo vkSj fp=kxqIr ds lkFk rFkk
fuekZrk funsZ'kd ds :i esa foeyjk; vkSj [+oktk vgen vCckl ds lkFk cuk;h tk ldrh gSA fcey
jk; ds fy, tgka mUgksaus fcjkt cgw ¼1954½ vkSj dkcqyh okyk ¼1956½ fQ+Yeksa esa xhr fy[ks] ogha [+oktk
vgen vCckl ds fy, mudh igyh funsZf'kr fQ+Ye èkjrh ds yky ¼1946½ esa mUgksaus xhr fy[ks rFkk
vfa re fQ+Ye uDlykbV ¼1979½ esa laxhr fn;kA

izseèkou ds lkFk cuh tksfM+;ksa dk ;g Lo:i ;g Hkh Li"V djrk gS fd os vius fQ+Yeh dSfjvj
esa O;olkf;d flusek ls ijs oSpkfjd izfrc)rk dks Hkh rjthg nsrs jgsA ;gh otg gS fd mUgksaus tgka
x+kfyc] vyh ljnkj tkQ+jh tSls e'kgwj 'kk;jksa ds xhrksa dks laxhrc) fd;k] ogha d'ehj ds izfl)
okeiaFkh 'kk;j ij dsafnzr fQ+Ye 'kk;j&,&d'ehj egtwj ¼1972½ esa Hkh laxhr fn;kA rFkk nks ch?kk
t+ehu] u;k nkSj] xwat mBh 'kgukbZ] èkwy dk Qwy tSlh lkekftd fQ+Yekas esa u`R; funsZ'ku dk dk;Z Hkh
fd;kA

izseèkou ds ckcr ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd os thou Hkj turk ds chp rFkk tu psruk ds i{kèkj
cudj nks ekspsZ ij jgsA ,d bIVk ds ekè;e ls lkaLÑfrd ekspsZ ij] nwljs fganh flusek esa vius xhrksa
ds lkFkA oSls izseèkou ds fQ+Yehs xhrksa dk lQ+j cgqr de jgkA mUgksaus rjkuk] gennZ] rkaxsokyh]
lkou] fel ckWEcs] xsLV gkml] opu] tkxrs jgks] dkcqyh okyk] nl yk[k] I;kj dk lkxj] ,d lky
vkfn fQ+Yeksa esa xhr fy[ksA rFkk tcrd fganh flusek esa ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd vkSj ifjokfjd fQ+Yeksa
dk nkSj jgk] muds fQ+Yeh xhrksa dk lQ+j tkjh jgkA ;k iqu% fganh dkO; izo`fÙk ls tksM+dj dgwa] rks
vkt+knh ds ckn usg: ds jk"Vª fuekZ.k vkSj fodkl dh voèkkj.kk rFkk jk"Vªoknh tT+cs dks ysdj os xhr
fy[krs jgs %

396 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vkt iqjkuh t+athjksa dks rksM+ pqds gSa
D;k ns[ksa ml eaft+y dks tks NksM+ pqds gSa
pkan ds nj is tk igqapk gS vkt t+ekuk
u, txr ls ge Hkh ukrk tksM+ pqds gSa
u;k [+kwu gS] ubZ meaxsa] vc gS u;h tokuh

ge fganqLrkuhA

;fn usg: ls eksgHkax dh fLFkfr fganh dfork ds lkBksÙkjh cjlksa esa vk;h rks mlh eksgHkax ls
izseèkou ds fQ+Yeh xhrksa ds lQ+j dh lekfIr Hkh gqbZA

eks- 9827489585

iwjc nsl esa MqXxh ckth QSyk nq[k dk tky
nq[k dh vxuh dkSu cq>k;s lw[k x;s lc rky
ftu gkFkksa us eksrh jksys vkt ogh daxky js lkFkh

vkt ogh daxky
Hkwdk gS caxky js lkFkh Hkwdk gS caxky
---
dksBfj;ksa esa xkats cSBs cfu;s lkjk ukt
lqanj ukjh Hkwd dh ekjh csps ?kj ?kj ykt
pkSiV uxjh dkSu laHkkys pkjkas rjQ+ Hkwpky js lkFkh

pkjkas rjQ+ Hkwpky
Hkwdk gS caxky js lkFkh Hkwdk gS caxky
---
/kjrh ekrk dh Nkrh esa pksV yxh gS dkjh
ek;k dkyh ds Qans esa oD+r iM+k gS Hkkjh
vc Hkh mB tk uhna ds ekrs n[s k rw tx dk gky js lkFkh

ns[k rw tx dk gky
Hkwdk gS caxky js lkFkh Hkwdk gS caxky

&&okfed+ tkSuiqjh
^Hkwdk gS caxky js lkFkh* dfork ls

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 397

'kadj 'kSysanz

^fny viuk vkSj izhr ijk;h*

clar f=kikBh

D;k fQ+Yeh xhrksa dk dksbZ ,slk ikB Hkh gks ldrk gS] ftlesa laxhr] flpq,'ku vkSj fiDpjkbt+s'ku
ls ijs tkdj dfork dh rjg ml ij fopkj fd;k tk lds\ xhrksa dh yksdfiz;rk] tuekul esa mudh
Le`fr rFkk fo'ks"k Hkko&lanHkZ ds eu dks Nw ysus tSls reke i{kksa ls lkxzg eqDr jgdj gh ,sls ikB
dks ryk'kk tk ldrk gSA ;g ekuh vkSj tkuh gqbZ ckr gS fd fQ+Yeh xhrdkj dgkuh dh flpq,'ku
vkSj dykdkj ds vankt+ dks Hkh xhr jprs gq, è;ku esa j[krs gSaA FkksM+k&cgqr ncko] vPNs ;k cqjs :i
esa] laxhrdkjksa vkSj fuekZrk&funZs'kdksa dk Hkh dke djrk gksxkA ,sls esa bu reke vkxzgksa ls eqDr gksdj
flusekbZ xhrksa ds ikB ls xqt+juk fdruk rk£dd vkSj tk;t+ gS] ;g dguk rks eqf'dy gS] ysfdu
,slk djuk fdlh Hkh xhrdkj dks le>us ds fy, d+rbZ t+:jh gS] [+kkldj ,sls xhrdkj dks le>us
ds fy,] ftlus viuh leLr jpuk'khyrk fQ+Yeksa ds fy, le£ir dj nh gksA ;g vkys[k 'kadj 'kSysanz
ds ,sls gh ikB ij dasfnzr gSA izlaxo'k flpq,'ku vkSj fiDpjkbt+s'ku dk ft+Ø gks rks gks] ysfdu t+ksj
eq[;r% xhrksa ds ikB ij gh gSA

dqy 18 lky ds fQ+Yeh dSfj;j esa 'kSysanz us yxHkx 170 fganh fQ+Yeksa rFkk pqfuank Hkkstiqjh fQ+Yeksa
ds fy, 800 ls vfèkd xhr fy[ksA ^;s esjk nhokukiu- - - ¼;gnw h&1958½] ^lc dqN lh[kk geus-
- * ¼vukM+h&1959½ rFkk ^eSa xkÅa rqe lks tkvks - - -* ¼czg~epkjh] 1968½ ds fy, mUgsa rhu ckj fQ+Ye
Q+s;j vokMZ feykA yxHkx lHkh egÙoiw.kZ laxhrdkjksa us muds xhrksa dks laxhrc) fd;kA
'kadj&t;fd'ku us rks muds 400 ls vfèkd xhrksa dks èkquksa ls ltk;kA eqds'k] yrk eaxs'kdj] vk'kk
Hkksalys] eksgEen jQ+h] eUuk Ms] fd'kksj dqekj tSls xk;dksa us muds xhrksa dks viuh vkokt+ nhA fdlh
Hkh xhrdkj ds fy, ;s ckrsa fdlh LoIu ls de u gksaxhA 'kSysanz tSls xhrdkj ds fy, Hkh ;g LoIu
gh jgk gksxk D;ksafd vkjaHk esa gh mUgksaus jktdiwj ds vkWQ+j dks ;g dgdj Bqdjk fn;k Fkk fd ^eSa
vius xhr cspuk ugha pkgrkA*

30 vxLr 1923 dks jkoyfiaMh ¼ikfdLrku½ esa ,d nfyr ifjokj esa tUes 'kSysanz dk iwjk uke
'kadjnkl dsljhyky 'kSysanz FkkA firk Jh dsljhyky dk lacaèk fcgkj ls FkkA 'kSysanz dh f'k{kk&nh{kk
mÙkjizns'k esa gqbZA mu fnuksa Lora=krk vkanksyu vius pje ij FkkA 'kSysanz dk >qdko Hkh Økafrdkjh
fopkjèkkjk dh vksj gksus yxkA bysDVªhdy bathfu;fjax esa fMIyksek djus ds ckn mUgksaus vkthfodk
ds fy, jsyos dh ukSdjh dj yh vkSj 1947 esa LFkkukarfjr gksdj eqacbZ vk;sA blh nkSjku muds
jpukRed thou dh okLrfod 'kq#vkr gqbZA Økafrdkfj;ksa dh ,d lHkk esa tc os ^tyrk gS iatkc*
'kh"kZd ls xhr lquk jgs Fks] rc jktdiwj us] tks ml lHkk esa ekStwn Fks] mUgsa fQ+Yeksa ds fy, xhr fy[kus
dk vkWQ+j fn;k] ftls 'kSysanz us Bqdjk fn;kA ckn esa vius igys cPps ds tUe ds ckn vk£Fkd raxh
ls ijs'kku gksdj mUgksaus jktdiwj dk vkWQ+j Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj jktdwij }kjk fu£er igyh fQ+Ye]

398 / u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @

vkx ds fy, 1948 esa xhr fy[ksA blds ckn rks ;g flyflyk py fudyk] tks mudh ekSr rd
lrr pyrk jgkA

'kSysanz ds xhrksa dh nqfu;k cgqr gh fofoèk] foLr`r vkSj cgqLrjh; gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k rks mudk
fQ+Yeh xhrdkj gksuk gh gSA crkSj fQ+Yeh xhrdkj mUgsa dgkuh dh flpq,'ku ds vuq:i xhr rks
fy[kus gh Fks] ysfdu ftl flpq,'ku esa mudk jpukdkj fo'ks"k :i ls lac)] jpukRed vkSj ft+Eesnkj
gks mBrk gS] og rRdkyhu fuekZ.kèkhu Hkkjr dh izxfr vkSj mlds var£ojksèkksa ls lacafèkr flpq,'ku
gSA ;g oSpkfjdh muds Hkhrj fQ+Yeh xhrdkj gksus ls igys Hkh FkhA blfy, ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd fQ+Yeksa
ds fy, xhr fy[kus ls igys mudh jpukRedrk dk Loj D;k Fkk\

1947 esa 'kSysanz us ^bfrgkl* 'kh"kZd ls ,d yach dfork fy[khA bl dfork esa mUgksaus Jfed
thou dh =kklnh] iwathifr;ksa dk 'kks"k.k] oSf'od iwath dh fn'kk] ;q)ksa dh Hk;kogrk vkSj mlds
QyLo:i turk dh rckgh dk fojkV fp=k [khapk gSA 1947 ns'k dh vkt+knh dk o"kZ gSA lkjk ns'k
tc vkt+knh ds t'u esa Mwck gqvk Fkk] rc 'kSysanz us fy[kk%

fuèkZu ds yky ygw ls
fy[kk dBksj ?kVukØe
;ksa gh vk;s tk;sxk
tc rd ihfM+r èkjrh ls
iwathoknh 'kklu dk
ur fucZy ds 'kks"k.k dk
;g nkx+ u èkqy tk;sxk
rc rd ,slk ?kVukØe
;ksa gh vk;s tk;sxk

;ksa gh vk;s tk;sxkA
bl dfork dh fopkjèkkjk Bhd izxfroknh dfork dh fopkjèkkjk dh rjg gSA 'kSysanz us Jfed tu
ds ladV dks oSf'od ifjizs{; esa ns[kkA t+kfgjk rkSj ij vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjr ftl fn'kk dh vksj tkus
dk ladsr ns jgk Fkk] 'kSysanz Hkfo";nz"Vk dh rjg mlds var£ojksèkksa dks ns[k ik jgs FksA ^Hkxrflag ls*
¼1948½ dfork esa Hkh fy[kk%

Hkxrflag! bl ckj u ysuk dk;k Hkkjroklh dh
ns'kHkfDr ds fy, vkt Hkh lt+k feysxh Qkalh dh
er le>ks iwts tkvksxs D;ksafd yM+s Fks nq'eu ls]
#r ,slh gS vka[k yM+h gS vc fnYyh dh yanu ls]
dkWeuosYFk dqVqaCk ns'k dks [khap jgk gS earj ls]
izse foHkksj gq, usrkx.k] uhjk cjlh vacj ls]

Hkksxh gq, fo;ksxh] nqfu;k cny x;h ouoklh dh!
lkezkT;okn vkSj rRdkyhu usr`Ro ds izfr 'kSysanz fdrus tkx:d vkSj rY[k+ Fks] bls mudh dforkvksa
esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fo'ks"kdj ^LojkT;* dks ysdj mudh dfork,a fcYdqy ml jpuk'khyrk ds d+jhc

gSa] tks izsepan ¼xcu esa nsohnhu½] ;'kiky ¼>wBklp½] dsnkjukFk vxzoky dh ^gk; u vk;h* vkSj
ukxktqZu dh ^15 vxLr 26 tuojh* esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA iafMr usg: ij O;aX; djrh dfork

u;k iFk v tuojh&twu ¼l;qaDrkd½% 2012 @ 399