Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 343 3. Read the given advertisement and do the activities that follow: [10] WANTED A well-established national level finance company operating in Kathmandu town is looking for an enthusiastic, energetic and result oriented candidate for the post of Chief Manager having following experience and qualification. Any Nepali citizen willing to join the company may apply to under mentioned address within 15 days or by 18th March, 2023 as per the following terms and condition. Terms and Condition: » Candidate should be post-graduate in Business Administration/Business Science. » Candidate having law background is preferable. » At least 5 years job experience in Banks or in Finance Companies as an Officer with adequate knowledge of computer. » Age should be below 45 years. » Name of two persons for reference. » Salary and other benefits are negotiable. Only short listed candidate will be called for interview. Application should reach to the following address along with C.V. & passport size photograph: Address: The Advertiser, P.O. Box 25762 A. Complete the following sentences supplying appropriate words/phrases from the text: a. Candidates are given _____ of time to apply. [1] b. The added knowledge for the candidates is about _____ . [1] c. A selected candidate has to work in _____ . [1] d. Remunerations are _____ . [1] e. The age bar for the post is _____ . [1] B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What type of candidate does the company require? b. What is the deadline to apply for the post? c. Who will be given priority for the post? d. What kind of work experience is prerequisite? e. What academic qualification is required for the post?
344 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 4. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [15] The Amazon is the world's largest tropical rainforest. It covers an area of nearly 2.8 million square miles, which is nearly the size of the continent of Australia. The Amazon Rainforest gets its life from the majestic Amazon River, the world's second largest river, which runs directly through the heart of the region. The rainforest itself is simply the drainage basin for the river and its many tributaries. The vast forest itself consists of four layers, each featuring its own ecosystems and specially adapted plants and animals. The forest floor is the lowest region. Since only two percent of the sunlight filters through the top layers to the understory, very few plants grow here. The forest floor, however, is rich with rotting vegetation and the bodies of dead organisms, which are quickly broken down into nutrients integrated into the soil. Tree roots stay close to these available nutrients and decomposers such as millipedes and earthworms use these nutrients for food. The understory is the layer above the forest floor. Much like the forest floor, only about 2- 5 percent of the sunlight reaches this shadowy realm. Many of the plants in the understory have large, broad leaves to collect as much sunlight as possible. The understory is so thick that there is very little air movement. As a result, plants rely on insects and animals to pollinate their flowers. The layer above the understory is the canopy. This is where much of the action in the rainforest occurs. Many canopy leaves have specially adapted leaves which form "drip tips". Drip tips allow water to flow off the leaves which prevents mosses, fungi, and lichens from occupying the leaves. Leaves in the canopy are very dense and filter about 80 percent of the sunlight. The canopy is where the wealth of the rainforest's fruits and flowers grow. Bromeliads, cup-like plants, provide drinking pools for animals and breeding locations for tree frogs. The emergent layer is above the canopy, and is the top layer of the rainforest. Trees in the emergent layer break through the canopy and may reach heights of 200 feet. Leaves in the emergent layer are small and covered with a special wax to hold water. Seeds are blown to other parts of the forest. Trees which rise to the emergent layer are massive. Many are braced by huge buttress roots. Trunks can be 16 feet in circumference. Many animals that survive in the emergent layer never touch the ground. A. Match the words with their definitions. [5 × 1 = 5] Column 'A' Column 'B' a. Canopy i. A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment b. Rainforest ii. A roof like projection or shelter c. Continent iii. The means of removing surplus water or liquid waste; d. Ecosystem iv. A luxuriant, dense forest rich in biodiversity, found typically in tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall e. Drainage v. Any of the world's main continuous expanses of land
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 345 B. Read the above text carefully and choose the most appropriate option. [5 × 1 = 5] i) Which layer of the rainforest is right above the forest floor? a. Canopyb. Emergent Layer c. Understory d. Ozone ii) The rainforest itself is simply the drainage basin for the river and its many tributaries. What does the word "tributaries" mean in the sentence above? a. a small ocean b. rivers or streams flowing into another river c. a forest that borders a river d. a river that borders a valley iii) Animals that live in the _____ may never touch the ground. a. Emergent Layer b. Canopy c. Understory d. burrow iv) Leaves in the canopy are very _____ and filter about 80 percent of the sunlight. a. thick b. thin c. tall d. short v) The plants in the understory have to rely on insects to pollinate them because: a. There is very little wind in the understory. b. There are very few butterflies in the rainforest. c. The sun is too bright in the understory. d. There is much wind in the understory. C. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. How big is the Amazon? b. From where does the Amazon get its life? c. How many layers does the forest consist? d. Why do very few plants grow on the forest floor? e. Why do the plants in the understory have large broad leaves? 5. Look at the chart below about the popularity of civil and electronic engineering among Nepalese students. Write a paragraph interpreting the chart using the clues in the box. (5) 100 150 O 2005 2010 2015 2020 X Y 200 250 300 350 Electronic eng. Civil eng.
346 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Popularity of civil and electronic engineering _____ from 2005 to 2020 _____ electronic engineering more popular _____ student enrollment increased 6. Write a formal notice of condolence with the help of the given clues. (5) Swastika Thapa _____ 24 years _____ a great cyclist _____ hit by a bus _____ irreparable loss. 7. Some people say that students should not be given mobile phones as it harms their studies while others argue that a mobile phone can be a very useful means of learning. What do you think about it? Write your views in a couple of paragraphs in about 150 words. (6) 8. Write an essay in about 200 words on 'Importance of Breastfeeding'. (8) 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: (6 × 1 = 6) a. Have a cup of tea, _____? (Add a question tag) b. You never smoke. (Change into affirmative) c. Man (be) mortal. (Use the appropriate tense of verb) d. He put the book on the table. (Change into passive) e. He said, "Two and two make four." (Change into indirect speech) f. The children walked for thirty minutes to reach their school. (Into how long question) 10. Choose the correct answers from the brackets to complete the following text and copy them in your answer sheet: (Re-writing is not compulsory) [10 × 0.5 = 5] Science has told us so much _____ 1 _____ (on/about/to/from) the moon that it is fairly easy to imagine what it _____ 2 _____ (is/was/will be/had been) like to go there. It is certainly not a friendly place, _____ 3 _____? (isn’t it/is it/does it/ doesn't it). There can be no life of any kind on the moon _____ 4 _____ (so that/ because/therefore/although) there is no air or water. For mile after mile, there _____ 5 _____ (have/are/has/is) only the dust with mountains around. Above, the sun and stars shine in _____ 6 _____ (a/an/the/nothing) sky. If you step out of the mountain shadow, _____ 7 _____ (you could/you were/you will/you would) move from severe cold to great heat. The moon is also a very silent world, for sound waves can only travel through air. But beyond the broken horizon, a friendly sight _____ 8 _____ (is seen/be seen/to be seen/was seen). The astronauts say, “_____ 9 _____ (The earth shines/The earth shone/The earth will shine/the earth have shone) more brightly than the stars.” From the distance, our earth looks like an immense ball, clouded blue and green and brown. The sight of the heavenly bodies makes us _____ 10 _____ (wonder/wondered/to wonder/wondering) about the universe.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 347 Set-4 1. Read the text and do the activity that follows: (5) Pokhara Is there any place better than Pokhara in the world? Not in my dictionary anyway. Located around 200 km west of Kathmandu, Pokhara offers an entirely different picture from the populated capital: Clean streets, snow-mountains, laid-back atmosphere and adventure choices. The centre of the small city is dominated by the majestically beautiful Phewa Lake, from where we could get a clear view of the snow-capped mountains of Annapurna range. Many lakeside hotels have rooms that you can see the range even from bed-ask your travel consultant to arrange one! It seems you can't escape Annapurna no matter where you go in Pokhara, but we couldn't get enough. An easy walk up to a hill where the World Peace Pagoda was built atop brought us a gorgeous view of the white ranges and the entire Pokhara. Simply mind-blowing! In addition to trekking, Pokhara is arguably the world's best paragliding venue, which we don't doubt after a bold try. Soaring with birds with spectacular scenery is something I will never forget. We spent the early morning of the last clay in Pokhara at Sarangkot, a village known as the best place to •watch the breathtaking sunrise across the Annapurna Himalaya. I could never believe sunrise could be that incredible before I went here. The snow-capped mountains were painted purple pink to gold, and the whole valley downhill awoke as the sun slowly came out. I almost cried when the departure was clue. If possible I would love to revisit in a heartbeat. Nepal is by no means a place you should avoid because of media hoaxes. And I am sure the western visitors we stumbled into on the way will see eye to eye with us. Answer the following questions: (1 × 5 = 5) a. How far is Kathmandu from Pokhara? b. Which Himalayan range can be seen from Pokhara? c. What is majestically located in the center of Pokhara city? d. What is Sarangkot famous for? e. In the sentence, 'If possible I would love to revisit in a heartbeat.' What does heartbeat mean here?
348 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 2. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: (10) Thanksgiving Around the World Festivals are not just the means of entertainment or rejoice. They also reflect our heritage, culture and traditions. Thanksgiving is celebrated around the world to extend thanks for the harvest, enjoying bountiful food, and spending time 'with family and friends’. Even though Thanksgiving seems to be uniquely American, the tradition is followed in different countries in various forms. Thanksgiving, USA Celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November, Thanksgiving in the USA is a national holiday that commemorates the feast the Pilgrims held after the first harvest in 1621. The first celebration was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 pilgrims. Thanksgiving has been celebrated intermittently ever since. Thanksgiving dinner with family plays a central role in the celebrations, with Americans eating more food on Thanksgiving Day than any other day of the year, including Christmas. Roast turkey is essential-approximately 45 million of them are consumed every year-as well as mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes, sweet corn and assorted fall vegetables, all food that is native to the Americans. Parades are a big part of the celebrations too. They range from small town affairs featuring the local marching band to Macy's Thanksgiving parade through the streets of New York. Billed as the world's largest parade, it features parade floats and huge balloons, usually based on cartoon characters, current Broadway shows and other topical themes. A. State whether the following sentences are 'true or false': [5 × 1 = 5] a. Thanksgiving program is confined only in the USA. b. It is celebrated to express gratitude for getting good harvest, good time with family. c. Thanksgiving is a special American festival. d. Americans consume less food on the day of Thanksgiving. e. In America, Roasted turkey is the most essential feast on this day. B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Besides entertainment, what do the festivals reveal? b. Why is Thanksgiving celebrated all over the world? c. How does Thanksgiving seem distinctively? d. When is Thanksgiving celebrated in America? e. What are big parts of the celebration in New York?
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 349 3. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [15] Five killed, 36 wounded in suicide bombing in central Istanbul By Nick Tattersall and Orhan Coskun - Reuters - Saturday, March 19, 2016 ISTANBUL/ANKARA, March 19 (Reuters) - Five people including a suicide bomber were killed and 36 wounded in a suspected attack by Kurdish militants on a major shopping and tourist district in central Istanbul on Saturday. The fourth suicide bombing in Turkey this year hit part of Istiklal Street, a long pedestrian zone lined with global brand name shops and foreign consulates, just a few hundred metres from an area where police buses are usually parked. Preliminary findings indicate that the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) or an affiliate carried out the attack, a senior Turkish official told Reuters. "The attacker detonated the bomb before reaching the targeted point because they were scared of the police," the official said, adding the bomber had planned to hit a more crowded spot. Armed police sealed off the shopping street where half a dozen ambulances had gathered. Forensic teams in white suits scoured the area for evidence. Police helicopters buzzed overhead and panicked shoppers fled the area, ducking down narrow side streets. "My local shopkeeper told me someone had blown himself up and I walked towards the end of the street," one neighbourhood resident told Reuters. "I saw a body on the street. No one was treating him but then I saw someone who appeared to be a regular citizen trying to do something to the body. That was enough for me and I turned and went back." Istiklal Street, usually thronged with shoppers on weekends, was quieter than normal before the blast as more people are staying home after a series of deadly bombings. Health Minister Mehmet Muezzinoglu confirmed that 36 people had been wounded and seven of those were in serious condition. Twelve of the wounded were foreigners, he said. Israel's foreign ministry confirmed some of its citizens were among the wounded. "We as a nation are unfortunately now face to face with a situation of unlimited, immeasurable acts that are inhumane, defy human values and are treacherous," Muezzinoglu said. A. Write true or false. [5 × 1 = 5] a. The news agency is Reuters. b. The bomber escaped safely. c. The attacker exploded the bomb at the targeted point.
350 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 d. PKK is a legal political party. e. Thirty-six people were injured. B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What happened at Istanbul on Saturday? b. Why did the attacker ignite before the targeted point? c. What was the plan of the bomber according to the officer? d. How many foreigners are supposed to be wounded? e. What does initial inquiry indicate? 4. Read the text below and do the activities that follow: [15] Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At an early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics. Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress. Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 351 A. Match the words in column 'A' with their synonyms in column 'B'. [5 × 1 = 5] Column 'A' Column 'B' a. Secret i. mystery b. Exuberance ii. vigorousness c. Fortunate iii. lucky d. Anguish iv. misery e. Fade v. vanish vi. desperate B. Choose the best alternatives to complete the following sentences: [5 × 1 = 5] a. The Curies' _____ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. i. friendly ii. competitive iii. courteous iv. curious b. Marie had a bright mind and a _____ personality. i. strong ii. lighthearted iii. envious iv. attractive c. Marie _____ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne. i. challenged authority ii. showed intelligence iii. was distressed iv. was excited d. Her _____ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband. i. misfortune ii. wretchedness iii. disappointment iv. fame e. Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never ___. i. worried ii. disappointed iii. disturbed iv. furious C. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What is the contribution of Marie Curie in the field of science? b. Why did she leave Poland? c. What was the greatest misfortune for her? d. When did she overcome her pain? e. How did she become successful scientist? 5. Write a set of five rules and regulations for the examinees in an exam hall. [5] _____ admit card _____ arrive on time _____ bring necessary materials _____ cannot leave before an hour _____ no cheating.
352 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 6. Write a readable story with the help of the following outlines given in the box and add a suitable title and moral too. (5) A wicked shepherd boy _____ grazes his flock of sheep near forest _____ farmers working in a field nearby _____ boy hits a fun _____ cries, "Wolf! wolf! _____ farmers run to help him _____ the boy laughs at them _____ he loses all his sheep _____ his folly _____ moral lesson. 7. Compose a dialogue between Jenish and Jenisha about their hobby. Write at least six exchanges. [6] 8. Write an essay on “The Importance of Youth in Nation Building" in about 200 words: [8] 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: [6 × 1 = 6] a. Let's go to the cinema, _____? (Supply the correct question tag) b. He has a job in a private office. (Change into negative) c. Hurry up! Everybody _____ (wait) for us. (Supply the appropriate form of the verb given in the brackets) d. Pratik said to her, "I never drink coffee". (Change into indirect speech) e. The work is done by her. (Change into active voice) f. They did not come from any alien nation. (Into where question) 10. Choose the correct answers from the brackets to complete the following text and copy it in your answer sheet: (Rewriting is not compulsory.) [10 × 0.5 = 5] Wood peckers are found all over the world except in _____ 1 _____ (an/the/a/no article) the North and south poles, Australia and New Zealand. The studies have shown that there _____ 2 _____ (lived/lives/live/have lived) over 200 different kinds of woodpeckers. The Imperial woodpecker and the Ivory-billed woodpecker; the largest of their kinds _____ 3 _____ (was/is/are/have) most likely to be extinct. They will soon be no longer found _____ 4 _____ (from/in/on/into) the earth. Woodpeckers have sharp bills and short stiff tails _____ 5 _____ (what/who/which/ whose) help prop them up against tree trunks. Their long tongues help them catch the insects deep within trees. We often _____ 6 _____ (will hear/hear/are/hearing/ heard) them drumming loudly on the trees. This _____ 7 _____ (to get/makes/ have/gets) us feel we are in a forest. They _____ 8 _____ (will becom/can become/ become/would become) pets if they learn to drum on siding of a house. They can easily _____ 9 _____ (been attracted/attract/ will be attracted/be attracted) to back yards with sunflower seeds or suet. It is a kind of animal fat that is very tasty to woodpeckers and other birds, _____ 10 _____? (aren’t they/isn’t it/don’t they/ weren't they)
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 353 Set-5 1. Read the poem and do the activity that follow: [5] Weathers This is the weather the cuckoo likes, And so do I; When showers betumble the chestnut spikes, And nestlings fly; And the little brown nightingale bills his best, And they sit outside at ‘The Traveler's Rest,’ And maids come forth sprig-muslin dress, And citizens dream of the south and west, And so do I. This is the weather the shepherd shuns, And so do I; When beeches drip in browns and duns, And thresh and ply; And hill-hid tides throb, throe on throe, And meadow rivulets overflow, And drops on gate bars hang in a row, And rooks in families homeward go, And so do I. — By Thomas Hardy Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What do the nestlings do in the spring? b. How do the girls come out? c. What plan do people make? d. Quote the word or phrase that shows that the cuckoo dislikes the winter. e. When does the nightingale sing his best? 2. Read the text and do the activity that follows: [10] Thanksgiving in Liberia Liberian Thanksgiving is a vibrant and spicy affair. Founded in the 19th century by liberated American slaves, the festival gives thanks for freedom. Liberians celebrate the good marking their troubled past.
354 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 After a church service, families gather for a spread of roasted chicken, traditional green bean casserole and mashed cassava - all liberally doused with spices, of course. The Thanksgiving feast is topped off with an evening of dancing, singing and celebration. Crop Over, Barbados The celebration of Crop Over is Barbados's biggest party. The festival spreads over a length of 12 weeks, from May until August, when it culminates in the massive finale: the Grand Kadooment. Originally, a celebration of the sugar cane harvest, Crop Over has been celebrated since the 1780s when Barbados was the world's largest producer of the sweetstuff. Carnivals pervade the lengthy celebrations, and calypso bands and dancers compete in ever grander and more flamboyant displays. Homowo, Ghana The Homowo festival, meaning to jeer or hoot at hunger in Ghana historically celebrates the ending of a long famine suffered by the Ghanaians. What could be better to celebrate the end of shortage than a feast? Palm nut soup with fish is served alongside traditional Kpokoi, a kind of grits made from unleavened corn dough and palm oil. Starting in May with the sowing of millet, the festival takes place through August and September after a ban on drumming and singing that is meant to encourage proper care of the crops. The festival culminates in a night of singing and dancing and frantic beating of drums in loud defiance of hunger and famine. Mehregan, Iran A festival that dates back at least to the 4th century BC, Mehregan in Iran is held on the 196th day of the Iranian year. The festival celebrates a successful harvest and the goddess Mehr. The celebration calls for new clothes, community blessings and a feast on a table decorated with marjoram. The spread includes sherbert drinks and lavish dinners; in some villages, a sheep is sacrificed and slow roasted throughout the day. Revellers rub kohl around their eyes as a good omen, and throw handfuls of marjoram, lotus and sugar plum seeds over each other. A. Match the following: [5 × 1 = 5] Column 'A' Column 'B' Thanksgiving in Liberia Since 1780s The festival of Megregab Continues for 12th weeks. The festival of Homowo In the 19th century. Crop Over festival started Begins In May and counties till September. The party of Barbodo Started 4th century BC.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 355 B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Why was the carnival Thanksgiving founded in Liberia? b. Why do revelers rub kohl around their eyes? c. How long is the Thanksgiving celebrated in Ghana? d. Why do the Iranians celebrate the thanksgiving carnival? e. What is the biggest party of Barbados? 3. Read the given product guide and do the activities that follow: [10] Air Cooler Buying Guide Air cooler is something that can give you relief from a hot and humid temperature out there and it will not cost you that high like an air conditioner does. Air coolers are cheap and easy to maintain and can be used indoors and outdoors. These are the water based coolers that provide fresh, filtered and cool air and are environment friendly too. If you are looking for a pocket-friendly option, here is some necessary information that you should know before purchasing it. Types of air coolers: There are four types of air coolers that are easily available in the market. And you can choose the one depending on your requirement. Personal coolers: First on the list is personal coolers and these are the most common type of air coolers which can be moved easily. It provides cleaner and cooler air that will comfort you and help you get rid of sweat and heat. It is specially designed for smaller rooms. Tower coolers: Tower coolers can be a smart option for you if you have large area. It can cool the larger area in less time as it pushes the air vertically. It works on the principle of taking heat and evaporating it to the cool air. It can be an ideal choice of a medium-sized room. Window coolers: These are the high-maintenance coolers that get installed on the windows the body outside the house. It also offers honeycomb pads and is slightly more expensive but easier to maintain. Another advantage of having a window air cooler is that it consumes less power than other types. Desert coolers: Desert coolers are specially designed for places where the temperature is high and humidity is low. These coolers push the cool air by evaporating heat from the water. It is successful in cooling the bigger places quite easily. Which type of air cooler should you choose? Before choosing an air cooler, you should consider some of the important aspects such as the size of your room, the height of the room, the temperature outside, the water capacity, humidity, and most importantly, where will the air cooler be placed. Also you should look for the throwing distance that a cooler has after looking at all these aspects you should choose a type that will suit your requirements.
356 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 A. Match the following: [5 × 1 = 5] Small room temperature is high and humidity is low. Medium sized-room window coolers Less power and high maintain desert Bigger places tower cooler Desert coolers useful where personal cooler B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Which is handy to use: an air cooler or an AC(Air Conditioner)? b. Besides electricity, what is essential for all types of coolers? c. What things should be considered while buying a cooler? d. For what purposes the desert coolers are produced? e. What type of cooler is useful for a smaller room? 4. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [15] War between France and England Cause: Although struggles for supremacy had been going on for many decades between France and England in the New World, hostilities intensified in the early 1750's as both English and French settlers had attempted to colonize land in the Ohio River Valley, near present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The English settlers, who had moved northwest from Virginia, and French settlers, who had moved east from the Great Lakes, or south from Canada, each thought they owned the rights to the land. In 1754, English forces under George Washington had begun their march to Fort Duquesne for the purposes of ousting the French from the region by force. On the way, they encountered a French scouting party near present-day Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Washington's men massacred the party in what came to be known as The Battle of Jumonville Glen. Washington soon took camp at Great Meadows, a large natural clearing, and ordered the construction of Fort Necessity in anticipation of a French response. The French did respond, as 600 soldiers forced Washington to surrender the fort. The French and Indian War had begun. Effect: As a result of the British victory in the French and Indian War, France was effectively expelled from the New World. They relinquished virtually all of their New World possessions including all of Canada. They did manage to retain a few small islands off the coast of Canada and in the Caribbean. They also agreed to stay out of India, which made Great Britain the supreme military power in that part of Asia. In addition, as compensation for Spain's loss of Florida to England, Spain was awarded the Louisiana territory. The entire face of North America had been dramatically changed. Following the war, England issued the Proclamation of 1763, which restricted settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains in an attempt to appease Indians who had developed positive relations with France. Westward-bound settlers, however, ignored the proclamation and moved into Indian lands.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 357 Because English had incurred significant debt while fighting the war in and for the colonies, Parliament attempted to recoup the financial loss by issuing the 1765 Stamp Act on the colonists. The Stamp Act was a tax on virtually all printed documents. The tax was ill-received by the colonists, who began a boycott of British goods and even attacked British tax collectors. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and instead issued the Declaratory Act, which maintained Britain's right to tax the colonists. These tax issues would become the cause of an even greater conflict 10 years later - The American Revolution. A. From the above text, find the words as instructed: [5 × 1 = 5] a. The opposite of trivial is _____. b. The similar word of announcement is _____. c. The opposite of penalty is _____. d. The similar meaning of submission is _____. e. The ten years’ time is called _____. B. Match the following: [5 × 1 = 5] a. The cause of French and Indian war was made to appease the Indians . b. England passed the Stamp Act The colonists boycotted British goods. c. England repealed the Stamp Act France left the New World. d. the Proclamation of 1763, to raise money to pay off their war debts. e. Due to Britain's success in the French and Indian War Both claimed the same land in the Ohio River Valley C. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. When did the warfare intensify between France and England? b. What was the purpose of George Washington’s march? c. What made the Great Britain the supreme military? d. Why was Spain awarded the Louisiana territory? e. What was the cause of American Revolution? 5. Write a set of five instructions on how to make an omelette. [5] 6. Based on the given outlines, write a short biography of the renowned actor Hari Bansha Acharya. Born : 13 November 1957, in Kathmandu Parents : Homanjaya Acharya/Ganesh kumari Occupation : Actor, comedian, singer, writer Career : Started career in 2031 BS in Radio Nepal, joined Rastriya Naach Ghar in 2032, participated in Gaijatra Mahotsav in 2034, acted in films like Balidan, Lovipapi, Filim, Rajamti,
358 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Je Bho Ramrai Bho, comedy serials like Laal Purja, Pandhra Gatey, 50/50 etc. jointly worked with Madan Krishna Shresatha as MAHA Jodi. Involvement : Ambassador, UN Food Programme Nepal, Chairman, Kathmandu Animal Treatment Centre, Founder, Jana Aandolan Health Relief Fund, Executive Director, MaHa Sanchar, Vice President, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Founder Board Member, Tilganga eye center etc. Awards : NEFTA awards, OFA awards, etc. 7. Compose a dialogue between two friends who are planning for a picnic. Write at least six exchanges. [6] 8. Write an essay giving your views on "National Integrity" in about 200 words.[8] 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: [6 × 1 = 6] a. You have a new car, _____? (Supply a suitable question tag) b. Hari does this work. (Change into negative) c. Listen! They (talk) about us. (Supply the appropriate form of the verb) d. She said, "The sun rises in the east." (Change into indirect speech) e. I like people helping me. (Change into passive voice) f. Milan accomplishes his work slowly but perfectly. (Into how question) 10. Choose the correct answers from the brackets to complete the following text and copy it in your answer sheet: (Rewriting is not compulsory) [10 × 0.5 = 5] Do you know what _____ 1 _____? (does opera mean/opera means/will opera mean/meant) It refers _____ 2 _____ (in/by/to/from) a dramatic art form, originated in Europe, in _____ 3 _____ (where/what/ which/that) the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental; as it _____ 4 _____ (had/is/was/has) through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theatre the actor’s dramatic performance is primary _____ 5 _____ (a/an/the/nothing) drama in opera _____ 6 _____ (was presented/is presented/are presented/have been presented) using the primary elements of the theatre. Some of which _____ 7_____ (has/have/is/are) scenery, costume and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto are sung rather than spoken, _____ 8 _____? (isn’t it/aren’t they/ wouldn’t they/haven't they). The huge accompaniment of the singers sometimes makes the opera _____ 9 _____ (sounds/sound/sounded/to sound) like a full symphonic orchestra. One feels the real flavor of the orchestra if one _____ 10 _____ (watch/ watches/will watch/have watched) it in person.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 359 Word Formation Prefix + base word New word Un+happy unhappy Dis+ honest dishonest Un + countable uncountable Un +controlled uncontrolled Dis+ agree disagree Dis+ advantage disadvantage Dis+ qualified disqualified Un + known unknown Un + able unable Adjective Noun Adjective Noun able ability absent absence accurate accuracy brave bravery bold boldness patient patience young youth busy business clam calmness cheap cheapness clean cleanliness cruel cruelty causal casualty deep depth different difference dry dryness eager eagerness equal equality false falsehood fertile fertility free freedom great greatness important importance high height intelligent intelligence kind kindness long length loyal loyalty merry merriment noble nobility obedient obedience poor poverty proud pride present presence real reality rich richness red redness safe safety silent silence strong strength true truth warm warmth violent violence weak weakness very variety sharp sharpness Base word + suffix = New word Help+ full helpful Count+ less countless Hard+ ship hardship Fight+ er fighter Light+ er lighter Tall+ er taller Great+ er greater Great+ ness greatness Use of suffix Formation of nouns from adjectives
360 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Antonyms above below go come add subtract grief joy appear disappear hard soft artificial natural heaven hell attract repel high low barren fertile ignorant educated best worst increase decrease blame praise bottom top internal external build destroy certain uncertain knowledge ignorance correct incorrect marry divorce maximum minimum cruel kind near distant/far odd even difficult easy partial impartial domestic foreign permanent temporary early late emerge vanish plentiful scarce entrance exit precious cheap external internal real unreal fair unfair remember forget far near safe dangerous flexible rigid stand sit informal formal friend enemy/foe wide narrow funny serious warm cool generous greedy wise foolish accept reject gain loss/lose glad sad alive dead arrest release growth decay assemble disperse hate love awake asleep heavy light beautiful ugly honest dishonest birth death imaginary real bold timid inferior superior brave coward inside outside capable incapable joy sorrow kill save comic tragic
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 361 confess deny majority minority continue discontinue notorious famous deep shallow offend please delete insert particular general direct indirect polite rude effect cause pretty ugly equal unequal recent old export import rough smooth failure success shut open familiar strange fast slow stay go final initial teacher student fool wise tiny large former latter weak strong full empty active inactive glory shame all none grant refuse arrival departure healthy ill attack defend believe doubt hide show bitter sweet human inhuman borrow lend import export bright dull inhale exhale care neglect intelligent dull clever stupid junior senior contract expand common rare mighty weak cover uncover merry sad crude refined obey disobey definite indefinite peace war do undo physical mental dress undress pleasure pain encourage discourage primitive modern regular irregular fasten loosen slavery freedom spoken unspoken forgive blame war peace win lose fall rise young old
362 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Synonyms able competent angry furious answer reply bare naked blank empty chat talk close near add support about nearly big huge below under cheat trick disturb annoy destroy ruin ago before eat devour beautiful pretty area region describe explain dawn morning end finish drag pull fortune fate error mistake imitate copy hot warm many several large big pair couple old ancient house home illness sickness listen hear intelligent bright happen occur sacred holy type kind tiny small start begin roam wander rely depend wash clean teach train accuse blame arrive come correct right energy power calamity disaster cost price disease illness annual yearly blame accuse divide split enjoy delight hate dislike lad boy neat clean famous renowned pain ache student pupil wealthy rich wet soaked thin lean wicked evil bold timid inferior superior brave coward inside outside capable incapable joy sorrow
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 363 Formation of Nouns, Adjectives & Verbs Formation of nouns from verbs Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns abound abundance bereave bereavement accede access breed brood accomplish accomplishment build build/builder accustom custom believe belief/believe act action/actor burn brand/burner/burial admit admission/ admittance beautiful beauty/beautician adore adoration/adorer break breach/breakage/ breaker advice advice/advisor bear birth/bearer agree agreement bless blessing/blessedness allow allowance criticize criticism/critic amuse amusement choose choice apologies apology collect collection/collector apply application/ applicant compel compulsion approve approval conceal concealment assassinate assassination/ assassin comply compliance assign assignment corrupt corruption assemble assembly/ assemblage correct correction assert assertion calculate calculation/calculator attach attachment consider consideration associate association consume consumption/ consumer authorize authorization contend contest/contestant assist assistance/assistant carry carriage/carrier assure assurance converse conversation/ conservationist attend attendant/attention create creation/creator attract attraction clean cleanliness/cleaner bleed blood cheap cheapness betray betrayal/betrayer confirm confirmation blacked blackness console consolation/consoler broaden breadth defer deference brighten brightness differ difference banish banishment deface defacement behave behavior joy sorrow
364 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Formation of Verbs From Nouns Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns air aerate falsehood falsify advice advise glory glorify apology apologise grass graze black blacken gladness gladden bath bathe horror horrify beauty beautify height heighten belief believe head head blood bleed haste hasten body embody justice justify/judge breadth breathe knee kneel breadth broaden memory memorise critic criticise necessity necessitate character characterise nest nestle calf calve nation nationalize creation create office officiate cage encage origin originate camp encamp peril imperil circle encircle prison imprison courage encourage power empower cloth clothe peace pacify class classify people populate custom accustom slave enslave centre centralize snare ensnare company accompany spark spark dew bedew sympathy sympathise drop drop/drip system systematise danger endanger success succeed electricity electrify sale sell example exemplify table tabulate flower flower terror terrorize food feed throne enthrone/ dethrone fool fool title title/entitle force enforce/force tomb entomb
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 365 friend befriend utility utilize fright frighten vapour evaporate/vaporize frost freeze famine famish fruit fructify fame defame vigour invigorate fine fine/refine wreath wreathe fresh freshen/refresh web weave/web Formation of Verbs from Adjectives Adjectives Verbs Adjectives Verbs able enable mad madden abundant abound noble ennoble base debase pure purify black blacken popular popularize bitter embitter public publicise broad broaden quick quicken cheap cheapen real realize civil civilize rich enrich certain ascertain sure ensure clear clarify half halve clean cleanse heir inherit calm becalm health heal dear endear habit habituate dense condense hale hale deep deepen humble humiliate dark darken hard harden different differ joy enjoy equal equalize just justify full fill long lengthen familiar familiarize white whiten fat fatten short shorten large enlarge strange estrange little belittle specific specify low lower sweet sweeten moist moisten thick thicken
366 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Formation of Nouns from Adjectives Adjectives Nouns Adjectives Nouns active activity/activist cruel cruelty absent absence/absentee difficult difficulty able ability deep depth abundant abundance dense density accurate accuracy dull dullness artful/artistic art/artist efficient efficiency airy mr excellent excellence brief brevity easy ease brilliant brilliance eminent eminence broad breadth equal equality brave bravery free freedom certain certainty fertile fertility calm calmness fresh freshness curious curiosity fat fatness coward cowardice frank frankness false falsehood regular regularity golden gold rigid rigidity grand grandeur short shortage/ shortness encourage power empower gay gaiety stupid stupidity/stupid gallant gallantry silken silk hairy hair silent silence hot heat strong strength/strong heroic hero/heroism safe safety/safe holy holiness scarce scarcity happy happiness severe severity innocent tnnocence sensible sense electricity electrify sale sell example exemplify table tabulate flower flower terror terrorize food feed throne enthrone/ dethrone
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 367 fool fool title title/entitle force enforce/force tomb entomb inferior inferiority silken silk/silken just justice/judge splendid splendor joyful/joyous joy starry star liberal liberality/liberation studious study/student local locality/location sympathetic sympathy/ sympathizer loyal loyalty systematic system long length scientific science/scientist lame lameness/lame timid timidity/timid little littleness true/truthful truth/truthfulness large largeness terminal terminal/ termination milky milk merry merriment tragic tragedy obedient obedience vain vanity/vain obstinate obstinacy violent violence popular popularity vicious vlce private privacy vacant vacancy present presence valiant valour prudent prudence vigorous vigour vocal voice virtuous virtue verbal verb/verbocity patriotic patriotism/patriot proper propriety polite politeness poor poverty/poor weekly week rosy rose wilful will/willingness royal royalty wooden wood rival rivalry/rival warlike war/warrior real reality/realism yearly year zealous zeal/zealot
368 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Regular verbs Present (Vl) Past (V2) Past Participle (V3) Present (Vl) Past (V2) Past Participle (V3) allow allowed allowed invent invented invented appoint appointed appointed invite invited invited argue argued argued involve involved involved arrest arrested arrested join joined joined ask asked asked jump jumped jumped attend attended attended kick kicked kicked beg begged begged knit knitted knitted behave behaved behaved knock knocked knocked borrow borrowed borrowed laugh laughed laughed brush brushed brushed like liked liked call called called listen listened listened care cared cared live lived lived carry carried carried look looked looked celebrate celebrated celebrated manage managed managed change changed changed marry married married chase chased chased melt melted melted clean cleaned cleaned move moved moved climb climbed climbed need needed needed close closed closed neglect neglected neglected compare compared compared obey obeyed obeyed confuse confused confused observe observed observed continue continued continued occupy occupied occupied cook cooked cooked offer offered offered copy copied copied open opened opened correct corrected corrected oppose opposed opposed crash crashed crashed paint painted painted
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 369 cry cried cried pass passed passed dance danced danced pen penned penned decide decided decided phone phoned phoned defeat defeated defeated pick picked picked deliver delivered delivered plan planned planned describe described described play played played develop developed developed pour poured poured devote devoted devoted praise praised praised die died died promise promised promised direct directed directed prove proved proved divide divided divided publish published published dress dressed dressed rain rained rained dry dried dried reach reached reached earn earned earned record recorded recorded edit edited edited repair repaired repaired elect elected elected reply replied replied end ended ended report reported reported enjoy enjoyed enjoyed return returned returned enter entered entered revise revised revised entertain entertained entertained rush rushed rushed envy envied envied sail sailed sailed evade evaded evaded save saved saved explain explained explained share shared shared explode exploded exploded show showed showed face faced faced smoke smoked smoked fail failed failed spread spread spread fascinate fascinated fascinated start started started fill filled filled stay stayed stayed finish finished finished stop stopped stopped fold folded folded suggest suggested suggested
370 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 follow followed followed switch switched switched found founded founded taste tasted tasted grant granted granted tie tied tied guess guessed guessed touch touched touched happen happened happened treat treated treated hear heard heard turn turned turned help helped helped upset upset upset imagine imagined imagined use used used include included included visit visited visited insert inserted inserted wait waited waited intend intended intended walk walked walked interest interested interested wash washed washed Irregular verbs Present (vl) Past (v2) Past Participle (v3) Present (Vl) Past (V2) Past Participle (V3) overthrow overthrew overthrown awake awoke awoken pay paid paid be was, were been plead pled pled bear bore born put put put beat beat beat, beaten quit quit quit become became become read read read begin began begun rid rid rid bend bent bent ride rode ridden bet bet bet ring rang rung bind bound bound rise rose risen bite bit bitten run ran run bleed bled bled say said said blow blew blown see saw seen break broke broken seek sought sought breed bred bred sell sold sold bring brought brought
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 371 send sent sent broadcast broadcast broadcast set set set build built built shake shook shaken burn burnt burnt shave shaved shaved burst burst burst shear shore shorn buy bought bought shed shed shed cast cast cast shine shone shone catch caught caught shoot shot shot choose chose chosen show showed showed cling clung clung shrink shrank shrunk come came come shut shut shut cost cost cost sing sang sung creep crept crept sink sank sunk cut cut cut sleep slept slept deal dealt dealt slay slew slain dig dug dug slide slid slid dive dived dived sling slung slung do did done slit slit slit draw drew drawn smite smote smitten dream dreamt dreamt speak spoke spoken drive drove driven speed sped sped eat ate eaten spend spent spent fall fell fallen spill spilt spilt feed fed fed spin spun spun feel felt felt spit spit/spat spit fight fought fought split split split find found found spread spread spread fit fit fit spring sprang sprung flee fled fled stand stood stood fling flung flung steal stole stolen fly flew flown stick stuck stuck forbid forbade forbidden sting stung stung forget forgot forgotten stink stank stunk forego forewent foregone
372 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 strike struck struck forgive forgave forgiven string strung strung forsake forsook forsaken strive strove striven freeze froze frozen swear swore sworn get got gotten swim swam swum give gave given swing swung swung go went gone take took taken grind ground ground teach taught taught grow grew grown tear tore torn hang hung hung tell told told hide hid hidden think thought thought hit hit hit throw threw thrown hold held held thrust thrust thrust hurt hurt hurt tread trod trodden keep kept kept understand understand understood kneel knelt knelt uphold upheld upheld knit knit knit wake woke woken know knew known upset upset upset lay laid laid wear wore worn lead led led weave wove woven leap leapt leapt wed wed wed learn learnt learnt weep wept wept leave left left wind wound wound lend lent lent win won won let let let withhold withheld withheld light lighted/lit lighted withstand withstood withstood lose lost lost write wrote written make made made mean meant meant meet met met mistake mistook mistaken