Oasis Applied Grammar 10

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 293 do something. None of them had much money, but they thought that if each on contributed some gift, the beautiful girl and the poor miller could marry after all. So they together and went to the girl's house with gifts. Some brought useful articles for the kitchen and others brought useful articles for the such as linen lamps. They showered her with gifts, and she was able to marry the man she loved after all. There were the first wedding presents and the custom has remained since. A. Write 'T' for the true and 'F' for the false statement: a) The beautiful girl wanted to marry the poor miller. b) The people loved the miller because of his poverty. c) The girl's father was eager to get them marry. d) They gave the girl many things as presents. B. Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order: a) Many more presents were collected. b) The talk of marriage started. c) The marriage happened. d) The miller shared his problem to his friends C. Answer the following questions: a) How did the miller help the poor? b) What would the girl's father do if the girl married the miller? c) What did the miller's friends decide to do? 5. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Nobody likes staying at home on a public holiday especially if weather is fine. Last August we decided to spend the day in the country. The only difficulty was that millions of other people had exactly the same idea. We moved out of the city slowly behind a long line of cars, but at last, we came to a quiet country road and after some time, stopped at a lonely farm. We had brought plenty of food with us and we got it out of the car. Now everything was ready so we sat down near a path at the foot of a hill. It was very peaceful in the hill. What we saw made us pick up our things and run back to the car as quickly as possible. There were about two hundred sheep coming towards us down the path! A. From the text, find the opposite words in meaning to the following words: a) private b) quite different c) noisy d) crowded B. Choose the correct answers: a) We like ……….. when we are on holidays. i) staying at home ii) going out iii) driving car

294 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 b) The narrator lived …………….. i) in a village ii) in a city iii) on a hill c) The country was ……….. i) peaceful ii) noisy iii) crowded d) They planned to take food sitting ………. i) on the hill ii) in the car iii) at a farm C. Answer the following questions: a) Where did the family of the narrator plan to go? b) How much food did they bring with them? c) Why did they go back to the car quickly? 6 Read the following passage thoroughly and answer the following questions that follow: Football is one of the world's most popular sports. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American Countries, and of many other nations. It is known simply as a football in the most English- speaking countries. Millions of people in more than 200 countries play football. The game's most famous international competition, the World Cup, in held every four years. Audience of hundreds of millions through worldwide television watches the finals. Football, as it is played today, began in England in the mid-1800s. the game grew rapidly in England and Scotland, and soon spread to other parts of the world. The governing body for world football, the Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) was established in 1904. FIFA staged the first Olympic football competitions in 1904, and the first World Cup in 1930. At the highest level, football is a professional game. It is played by mainly boys and men but it is becoming increasingly popular with female players, especially in Scandinavia and some other European countries. A. Find the words in passage that are similar in meaning to the following: a) liked by many people b) spectator c) speedily d) progressively B. Put the sentences in correct order: a) It is becoming increasingly popular with female players. b) Millions of people in more than 160 countries play football. c) The game has the most famous international competition. d) Football is the world's most popular sports. C. Answer the following questions: a) Which countries play football as their national games? b) When and where did modern football begin? c) What does FIFA stand for and when was it established?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 295 7 Read the following text and do the activities given below: Nowadays schools and colleges have become the abode of indiscipline. Everybody knows that students have become in disciplined. At the time of examination police are called. Who will be happy when he sees a policeman standing at the gate with a stick in his hand? One is tempted to ask, "What is the use of this education where policemen are needed for conduction examinations?" The aim of education is to wipe out the existence of the force. When a father sends his son to school, does he think that his son will become a thief? So it not an irony that parents spend money to see their children thieves, robbers and notorious ones? I call those students thieves who copy in the examination hall at the point of a knife, stick, khukuri, pistol or bayonets are no better than robbers. Can any father be happy when he sees this? The cause of such indiscipline is that students don't mind read and teachers don't teach. Generally, in many places inefficient teachers are appointed by the authorities on the basis of recommendation. Sometimes they select inefficient hands to pay less. The result is that the schools/colleges play with the lives of the young students. Among teachers, there in friction. Sometimes principals harass teachers and sometimes teachers unite against them. The result is that schools/ colleges which are the Bidya Mandirs become places of petty party politics. Another cause is that schools and colleges are over-crowded. Ill-fed, ill-clothed and tuition hunter teachers are there to teach. Papers are out. Students are tempted to go to the safest way of tuition. When there is no work, indiscipline comes in an idle man's mind is the devil's workshop. A. Form the passage, find the words which mean: a) minor b) lured c) the strange aspect of a situation d) the place where somebody lives B. Rewrite the following sentences in correct order: a) Idleness brings indiscipline. b) The guardians send their kids to school. c) The authorities select unqualified man-power to run the classes. d) Everyone is unhappy to see a policeman at the gate of exam centers. C. Answer the following questions: a) What types of students are called thieves? b) Why the security force is managed at the exam centers? c) Mention the meaning of "An idle man's mind is the devil's workshop". 8. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: In 776 B.S., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honour the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities,

296 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 the need for prepareness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honoured by having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented. The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called "Olympiads", dating from 776 B.C. The contests coincided with religious festivals and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented. A. Match the following words with their similar meanings: Column 'A' Column 'B' Halted i) aristocracy Dismissed ii) stopped Honoured iii) sacked Elite iv) respected B. State true or false: a) The participants who broke the rules were dismissed. b) The games were held in Greece every four years. c) Battles were stopped to participate in the games. d) Poems glorified the winners in song. C. Answer these questions: a) Why were the Olympics Games held? b) What were the events included in the Olympic Games? c) What was "Olympiads"? 9. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Mother Teresa never worried that the money to do her work would not come. She was sure that it would-from governments, from the rich, and from the poor of countries in which poverty is not nearly as desperate as it is in Calcutta. For she, every opportunity to help the poor in any way was another chance to do something for God. Small gifts, great gifts, money pushed into her hands on buses, trains, in the streets.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 297 In 1964, the pope visited India, and when he left he gave the beautiful car that had been presented to him for his journey to Mother Teresa. Now, no one could imagine Mother Teresa bowling around India in a white Rolls-Royce! She could have simply sold it, but she was too smart for that. She auctioned it and turned the car into more help for her poor. In 1973, she was given a huge building that had been built as a chemical laboratory. She called it Prem Daan, which means "Gift of Love". There is very sick and demented people are cared for. Just outside the gate is a little rehabilitations workshop. To this place the poor of Calcutta bring the empty green coconut shells that litter the city's streets. At Prem Daan they can be transformed into mats, rope, and bags; rubbish provides work for nearly a hundred people. Nothing is ever wasted. At Kidderpore there is employment only when the ships are in, but the sister in-change found a solution. She begged paper from anyone who could give it-from office, churches, anywhere. The women made bags from it for the little stores and stalls of the city. Families are able to live on the money made this way, and the women are busy talking and singing as they work. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a) Teresa used to get buses and trains as gifts. b) The large building was used as a chemical laboratory. c) Women do paper work and do talking and singing at the same hour. d) Paper bags are sold to the city. B. Fill in the gaps with suitable words form the above passage: a) A car was given to Teresa by the Pope in ………. b) The large building is called …………. c) The money that was collected from different sources was spent for … d) The head of the Roman Catholic Church is called ……….. C. Answer the following questions: a) What were the sources of money for Mother Teresa? b) Why was the car sold? c) Name the things made from the litter. 10 Read the story and answer the questions given below: Once a peacock lived in a forest. She was fond of dancing. On one summer, the sky was overcast, the cloud thundered and it was going to rain. Because of boundless happiness, she ran back and forth, spread her plumes and began to dance. Just then a crane happened to come there and he was stunned to see the amazingly beautiful plumes of the peacock. He went on looking at her and her super dance. He praised the peacock saying, "How beautiful plumes and dance!"

298 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Listening to the crane, the peacock was so proud and she danced more beautifully in different poses. Then the peacock said to the crane, "You have dull feathers and look ugly though you are such a strong bird. How unjust the nature! I'm so sorry." The crane became angry to see the peacock's proud nature, but he controlled himself and said, "Don't blame nature. Nature is never unjust and it has provided everyone what they need or require. Though my plumes are dull, they are stronger and more useful than yours. I need to soar high; so I can use them. But your plumes are only show piece and they are not useful to fly. Can you fly in the sky like me? No, certainly not!" The peacock could not answer, felt ashamed and prowled away from there. A. Match the following: Column 'A' Column 'B' The peacock liked i) his plumes. The crane was laughed at ii) due to her own nature. Nature is fair iii) dancing very much. The peacock was ashamed iv) for all mortals on the earth. B. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order: a) The peacock was upset at the crane's remark. b) The peacock insulted the crane in return. c) The crane praised the peacock for them. d) The crane was attracted by the peacock's plumes and dance. C. Answer the following questions: a) When did the peacock dance? b) Why did the peacock dance more beautifully? c) What was the stronger point that the crane said to the peacock? 11. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below: A little girl was very happy. She had just put on a lovely blue frock full of lace and frills which made her look like a fairy. She was wearing dainty blue shoes and was eager to show her new dress and shoes to her friends. In her hands was brand new blue-eyed doll- she just couldn’t wait to be with her friends. She went running out of the door as fast as her small feet could carry her. She missed the cycle coming from the opposite side and crashed into it. She fell down and started crying. Her mother rushed out and gathered her in her arms. The girl was shaken and started crying- her mother's soft touch and reassuring hug calmed her down. Next moment she was smiling and she went to her friends. Most of us would have experienced the magic healing of a mother's touch in our childhood. As we are older, his magic touch took care of a wider spectrum of hurt and pain- a fight with our best friend, losing a favourite toy, losing a friend, a sharp word from the teacher – just about anything and everything.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 299 For most of us, things change once we step into the adult world. We want to be and are on our own. We want to experiment and experience the joys of our new found independence. We still get hurt though and desperately look for the healing touch. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a) Mothers really have magic in their touches. b) The girl wanted to see her friends immediately. c) The cyclist was guilty in the crash. d) Adults also feel hurt in changing of situations. B. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order: a) The girl was all right and smiled after a moment. b) The cycle hit the girl. c) The little girl ran out of the door. d) Mother embraced her. C. Answer the following questions: a) How was the little girl's get up? b) What things may hurt a growing child? c) When will adults be happy? 12. Read the passage and do the activities given below: It was Monday morning, Edna left home early that day because she was going to start work at an office in the city. She was only sixteen and this was her first job. There were a lot of people at the bus stop and afterwards she was glad that she waited for the bus. The traffic was so dense that even if she had taken a taxi, she would not have arrived much earlier. As it was, she was only a few minutes late. She caught the lift up to the eight floor and went along to the office where she had been interviewed by Mr Crump two weeks before. This was the man she was going to work for. She tapped on the door and waited, but there was no reply. Just then she heard the sound of someone's voice from the next office. She opened the door and looked in there was Mr Crump , speaking to the people in the office in an angry voice. Then he turned round and left the room. Later in the day, Edna found out what had happened. Apparently Mr. Crump came to the office as a rule about nine-thirty, because he lived a long way out in the country and came up by train everyday. That morning, however, he happened to catch an earlier train, and when he arrived in the office, not a single person was working. They were all standing around, smoking, chatting and telling jokes. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a) In the morning there was a traffic jam on the way. b) Edna knocked at the door of the boss. c) The boss usually came late in the office.

300 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 d) The employed of the office seldom work at the first hour. B. Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order: a) She walked to the room opposite to the office of the boss. b) Edna was a little for the office. c) The staff were not at office. d) Mr. Crump was angry with the staff. C. Answer the following questions: a) Why did Edna think of taking a taxi for the office? b) Why did Edna move to the next office? c) What did Crump find in the office on that day? 13. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: One day Mr. Brown went up to London to do some shopping. They had a busy day. Though in the end, they did not buy very much, and by about four O'clock they were both looking forward to having a cup of tea. They found a restaurant but, just before they went in, Mrs. Brown remembered that she had to buy some medicine for their son, who had a bad cough. While she was in the chemist's her husband noticed a bookshop on the other side of the street. He went across to have a look in the window and saw a copy of a novel written by an author who was famous in the last century. He had always been especially interested in this writer, so he went in and bought a book. His wife was waiting for him when he came out. He showed her the book, but she didn't look at all pleased, she always used to say that the old books he bought made her house look dirty. After they had had cup of tea, they caught the train back to the seaside town where they lived. Much to their surprise, an ex-neighbor of theirs, whom they had not seen for years, got into the same compartment. They were both pleased to see him, after all these years, but, as they soon remembered, he was a great talker. If he got the opportunity, he would talk for hours. However, he happened to notice the book which Mr. Brown had bought and he picked it up to examine the title. He opened the book and as he did so, his eyes lit up. He asked Mr. Brown how much he had paid for it. Mr. Brown told him: only a few shillings. The man said he was very lucky: the book was a rate edition and was worth several pounds. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for tales statements: a) Mr. and Mrs. Brown bought a lot of things in London. b) Mrs. Brown didn't like her husband to buy all books. c) They got into the same compartment as an ex-neighbour. d) Mr. Brown showed his ex-neighbour the book he had bought.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 301 B. Rewrite the following sentences in correct order: a) He took and opened Mr. Brown's book. b) Mr. and Mrs. Brown had a cup of tea each. c) In the train, they met their old neighbour. d) Mr. Brown bought an old book at a cheap price. C. Answer the following questions: a) Why did Mrs. Brown go to the chemist's? b) What did Mr. Brown do while his wife was at the chemist's? c) What did they remember about their ex- neighbour? 14. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Elizabeth Blackwell was born in English in 1821, and emigrated to New York city when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined was she that she taught schools and gave music lesson to earn money for her tuition. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice she was a woman. By 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physical in the United States and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women. A. Write down the words from the passage that give the similar meaning to the following words: a) give up b) establishing c) firm d) the act of getting a disease B. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a) Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman surgeon in the United States. b) She had to abandon her plans to become a doctor. c) She was 28 years old when she graduated from medical school. d) She and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children. C. Answer the following questions: a) Was Blackwell originally an American? Why/Why not? b) Why did she move to Paris?

302 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 c) How did she pay for her medical studies? 15. Read the following letter and do the activities given below: 21 Beacon Road, Edinburgh 16th Dec, 2021 Dear Mr. Wander, On December 20th we are planning to hold a dinner to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the Edinburgh literary Society and I have been asked by our committee to invite you to be guest of honour on this occasion. Since you came to live in our town last year, you have always shown a great deal of interest in our activities and you are without doubt our most popular speaker, We shall all be delighted as well as highly honoured if you and again find the time to spend an evening in our company. I will send you further details as soon as I hear from you. I hope you will be able to accept this invitation. Your Sincerely, N. Edwards Honorary Secretary Edinburgh Literary Society A. Answer the following questions: a) When was the Edinburgh Literacy Society Founded? b) Why was Mr. Wander asked to be the guest of honour? c) How long had Mr. Wander lived in Edinburgh? B. Write synonyms of the following words: a) well-known b) glad C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the above letter: a) A dinner is being held on their occasion of _______ b) Edwards expects from Mr. Wander that __________

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 303 SEE Question No. 4 Full marks - 15 Exercise for practice 1. Read the text and answer the questions given below: NOTICE We are pleased to inform our best wishes that as usual years, Forum for International Vocational Education (FIVE) is organizing a two day seminar on 'Vocational! Education' on Monday, 14 March 2009. The experts and participants of Vocational Education from home and abroad will be assembled in the occasion. All interested and concerned to the topic are kindly appealed to register their names before 10 March. Desks of registration are available at the FIVE office from 10:00 am to 4 pm on every Monday and Wednesday. Participants from the abroad will be managed to board at the hotels of KTM, if we informed at least before the seminar date. A. Write similar meaning to the following words or phrases: a) Notify b) professionals c) requested B. Fill in the gaps with suitable words: a) FIVE is organizing ……. In March. b) …….. with take part in the programme. c) Participants will also be from home and ……. d) Registration is available only ….…. days in a week before 10 March. C. Answer the following questions: a) Where is the venue of the programe? b) What is this notice about? c) What does one have to do to take part in the seminar? d) When is the seminar launched? 2. Read the following advertisement and answer the questions given below: VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A Non-Government Organization (NGO) is seeking a qualified and experienced Nepali citizen to work as a Project Coordinator for its HIV/AIDS prevention programme. Project Coordinator is responsible for planning, supervision, monitoring and reporting of the project activities. Requirements: • Bachelor's degree or equivalent in Social Science, Public Health and Management.

304 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 • Master's degree is preferable. • Excellent in written and spoken English. • At least three year's experience in the related field. • Basic computer skill. Salary and benefits will be provided as per organization's rules and regulations. Only short listed candidates will be called for interview. Please send your application along with an update resume and one photograph to: P.O.Box: 694, Pokhara, Kaski, Last date of Application: 28 January 2010 A. Match the words given in column 'A' with their meaning in column 'B': Column 'A' Column 'B' a) prevention i) revised b) supervision ii) stopping c) updated iii) guidance B. Fill in up the banks the suitable words from the text: a) The NGO works for preventing ……………… b) Candidates must have experience of ……….. years. c) …………. Is academic qualification of a candidate for the post. d) The dead line for submitting applications is ……….. C. Answer the following questions: a) What is the advertised post? b) What things should be submitted with the application? c) Where do the candidates send their applications? d) Mention the duties of the coordinator. 3. Read the advertisement and answer the questions given below: Shangri La Holidays, a leading travel company under the Shangri-La Group of Companies invites applications from Nepali professionals for the following position: General Manager The candidate should be Graduate in any discipline, with minimum five to seven years' experience in the Travel Trade business. He/she should be able to work effectively on travel management in an increasingly competitive environment. The candidate should possess skills in computer application and online booking, and should be fluent in executive communication. Responsibilities include sales development, financial and staff management. Interested candidates are requested to send their application and CV to Box 1234 or e-mail at [email protected] by March 9, 2009. Short-listed candidates will be called for interview.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 305 A. Complete the sentence from the given alternatives: a) The cognitive worth for the candidate is ……. (under graduation, graduation, post graduation) b) The word 'online' means ……. (connected to a computer, sketching a line, lengthen a line) c) One who manages a company is …… (executive, manager, candidate) B. State 'True' or 'False' to the following: a) The company claims that it's a leading company in travel trade business. b) A foreigner being graduated in any discipline can apply for the post. c) Selected candidate should perform his job in tough competition. d) All the applicants won't be called for the interview. C. Answer these questions based on 'Vacancy' above: a) What are the required qualification for the post except academic worth? b) What is the deadline to apply for the vacant post? c) How can one send his /her application? d) State the responsibilities for the selected candidate. 4. Read the following advertisement and answer the questions given below: CAREER OPPORTUNITY A Distributor of World's largest water Purifier Company with reputed brand name is looking for professional for the following positions. If you are energetic, hard-working and result oriented then join us. You will climb the success of ladder, faster than you imagine. 1. Assistant Sales Manager – 2 Nos. Graduate, should have 2-3 years experience in sales field (Preference will given to those who have their own bike) 2. Group Leader –Sales – 4 Nos. 10+2 or above Desirable experience of 1 year (Freshers may also apply) 3. Sales Executive – 10 Nos. Intermediate or above. (Freshers are encouraged to apply) 4. Group Leader, Technician – 2 Nos. (Diploma in Electronics from CTEBT) Salary and other facilities - Best as per the industry Contact No: 5535944, 5535833, 5548781 Walk in interview along with your bio-data 11th, 12th and 13 January 2010(12-3 Pm)

306 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 A. From the advertisement, find the words that are opposite in meanings to the following words: a) amateurs b) failure c) disheartened B. Match the following: Column 'A' Column 'B' The employer is energetic and hard-working The inherent qualities are for the post of Sale Executive Experience is not necessary a distributor of a water purifier company The contact time is from noon to three three telephone numbers C. Answer the following questions: a) What is the most interesting statement used in the advertisement to attract the possible candidates? b) What are the minimum requirements for the post of Assistant Sales Manager? c) How are the personnel selected? d) What is the last date for attending interview? 5. Read the following advertisement and answer the questions given below: CAREER OPPORTUNITY A reputed English medium higher secondary school in Chandranigahpur is looking competent, experienced and dynamic candidates possessing an excellent command of spoken and written English for the post of Coordinator for +2 programmers. Qualification: • Minimum Master's Degree, preferably in English from a recognized university. • Must have at least three years' experience in teaching and academic administration in the similar post. Major responsibilities: • Academic planning, organizing and administering the programmer effectively. • Staff recruiting, coordinating and also training them. Deserving candidates may apply within February 28, 2011 with detailed bio-data, copies of credentials, a recent passport size photo (non-returnable) and salary expected to: The Director, GPO Box No. 1111, Kathmandu. Only short listed candidates will be called for an interview.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 307 A. From the text, find words that are opposite in meaning to the following: a) Lacking of ability b) different c) unworthy d) brief B. Fill in the blanks with appropriated words from the above a advertisement: a) The required post is …………….. b) Preference will be given to those with ……As the major subject. c) The photograph which is submitted with the application is not ……. C. Answer the following questions: a) Who published the advertisement? b) What is the required academic qualification for the post? c) List the things needed to be submitted with the application? d) What is the procedure to select the personnel? 6. Read the advertisement and answer the following questions: ADMISSION OPEN Pathivara Multiple Campus, an established institution imparting management education, invites applications for admission to Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) program. The new introduced program has the following features: • Intensive full-time eight semester (4 years) course. • A complete blend of management and computer education. • Job focused specialization in MIS, Banking and Finance, Travel and Tourism and Industrial Management. • Full-free program. Eligibility: 10+2, PCL or equivalent with at least second division. Admission Schedule • Last date of application: January 31, 2002 • Admission test: Feb (Saturday) 11:00 A.M. • Publication of short listed candidates: February 5 • Interview for short listed candidates: February 6 and 7 • Admission: February 10 to 14 • Commencement of semester: February 15 Admission based on merit. Application form available at the campus on the payment of Rs. 500/- Director BBA Program, Pathivara Multiple Campus Chandranigahpur, Rautahat

308 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 A. Match the words in Column 'A' with their meaning in column 'B': Column 'A' Column 'B' Impart typical qualities Blend start Commencement mixture Features pass information Take part B. Answer the following questions: a) Who has put this advertisement in the paper? b) How much does the form cost? c) Who can apply? d) How long will you have to study to complete the course? C. Read the advertisement again and fill in the gaps with helps of the ideas contained in the passage. Nepal Commerce Campus caters to the needs of students aspiring to study…………The students having passed ……. with ………. division can submit their applications by……… and go through a …….. for admission on…….. 7. Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: Hearty Congratulations! Mrs. Joshina Amatya On the auspicious occasion of Environment Day 2006, we heartily congratulate Mrs. Amatya for being the first Nepali woman to receive the prestigious World Environment Conservation Award 2005. Her untiring efforts and dedication in the conservation of the World Environment and nature has been truly judged and this award we are sure will strengthen and sharpen her works and studies for the nature and environment. We wish her all success in her every walk of the future. Environment Society of Kathmandu, Nepal. A. Answer the following question. a) Why has Mrs. Amatya been congratulated for? b) What has she been awarded for? c) How will the award contribute to her studies? d) By whom has Mrs. Amatya been awarded? B. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words. a) Mrs. Amatya has been awarded ……….. Award 2005. b) She has been congratulated for………….. to get the award.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 309 c) …….. will encourage her to strengthen the works and studies in nature conservation. C. Find the similar words in the passage. i) tireless ii) improve iii) respected iv) universe 6. Read the following letter and do the activities given below: Kathmandu, Nepal 15th March, 2022 The Editor, The Himalayan Times, Kathmandu, Nepal, Sir, Our Municipality wants waking up and as private appeals to their offices have had no effect, perhaps a little publicity will do no harm. For nearly one year Jadibuti-Sinamagal road has been almost impassable. The surface is badly broken up by the heavy rains and overflow of heavy trucks. Moreover, there is heaps, of garbages on both sides of the road, which leave very little room in the middle. If you are a driver, you can't imagine the dangerous situation during dark night. It is scandalous that we should be inconvenienced in this way for months, and I hope the public will bring pressure to bear on those responsible so that road may be put in thorough repair without further delay. Yours faithfully, Hemanta Parajuli A. Write the words from the letter given which are closer in meaning to the following words: i) in addition ii) damage iii) force iv) troubled B. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words: i) ………… is responsible to repair the road. ii) This is a letter written to the ……. To publicize a problem. iii) The road is especially …… for motors during the dark night. C. Answer the following questions: a) List any two defects of the road. b) What may happen if the authority delays to repair the road? c) What leaves very little space in the middle of the road? d) What is the publicity for?

310 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 9. Read the letter and answer the questions given below: Sinamangal, Kathmandu January 10, 2022 The Editor, The Republica, Kathmandu. Dear Sir, I shall feel grateful if you publish the following lines containing a complaint against frequent breakdowns in the supply of electricity. It is a matter of great concern that there is no regular supply of electricity. Though Nepal is rich in water resource, electricity is off all the time. Isn't it the matter of shame? The schedule of load shedding is not followed. The concerned authority has been neglecting people's interest. These are the days of school and college examinations. The people have to go without light at the night time. When there is darkness all round, anti-social people are encouraged. The cases of theft and robberies have increased day after day. The work comes to a standstill in hospitals and factories. Various complaints have been made to the authorities, but they shut their ears to all these burning issues. It seems they do not want to pay any attention. I request the minister concerned to take interest towards the problem. Yours faithfully, Swarnim Karki Chandranigahpur A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text: a) The text is an example of an …… b) The letter is addressed to …….. c) The concerned authority did not listen to the public …….. B. Match the following: Column 'A' Column 'B' The letter was sent i) during the time of exams Students are also affected ii) from Kathmandu The concerned authority iii) regular supply of electricity General people want iv) is still sleeping C. Answer the following questions: a) What is the problem mentioned in the letter? b) What are badly affected by the cut of electricity? c) What is the matter of shame to the electricity? d) From where and when was this letter sent?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 311 10. Read the letter and answer the questions given below: Putalisadak, Kathmandu January 15, 2022 Dear Emmy, You will be glad to know that I have done my final papers well. Though I expect a good percentage of marks, the result is awaited yet. In your previous letter, you sounded curious to know what I intended to do after my examination. Well, as you know I like reading literature and have been keenly interested in our language. So I, together with a few friends of the same interest, have decided to launch a small magazine. Don't be shocked. It will be the kind of magazine you see in the market with glossy cover page and good printing. It will simply be a small children's magazine containing stories written by children only. Our English teacher and the teacher of Extra Co-curricular Activities will help us checking our work and including their views. And we shall get the whole magazine typed and Photostat. In fact, we have already begun working on this small project of ours. It may sound odd but it certainly is a creative work by which we can at least tell the people of our locality what children are capable of. I need your good wishes for it. What will you do in the vacations? Please let me know. With love, Juneli Dahal A. From the letter, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following: a) Planned b) upset c) productive B. Completed the following sentences with appropriate words from the above letter: a) This letter is sent to ……… b) Children will be helped by ………… to publish the magazine. c) Juneli hopes she will get …….. in her exam. d) The magazine can give a message that children are …. For such work. C. Answer the following questions: a) Whom is the magazine specially for? b) What is Juneli fond of? c) Will it be a good printed magazine? How? d) How will the teachers cooperate their students?

312 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 11. Read the text and do the tasks. Once the Pandava brothers were in the exile. The eldest brother was Yudhishthira. The other brothers were Bhima, Arjuna, Sahadeva and Nahakula. One day, they saw a deer in the forest. They decided to hunt it. So they started to chase it, They reached very far from their place. They got very thirsty and tired. Therefore, they stopped for a rest. They sat under a tree. Meanwhile, Yudhishtira sent Sahadeva to search for water. But Sahadeva didn’t get back. So, he sent other brothers one by one. Hours passed but they didn’t some back. Yudhishthira was worried about his brothers. So, he decided to look for them himself. He began to follow their footsteps. Finally, he came to a magical pool. There was clean and fresh water in the pool. Then he saw his four brothers lying beside the pool. They were either senseless or dead. He was greatly shocked. He couldn’t control himself and began to weep. Anyway he went near the pool to drink some water. Suddenly he heard a warning voice. The voice said that one must answer his questions before drinking water. The unseen speaker said that he was Yaksha. He said that his four brothers had ignored his warning. SO, he had punished them. Yudhistira stopped and got ready to answer his questions. He answered all the questions wisely. At last, Yaksha announced that he was impressed with his answers. So, he wanted to reward Yudhishthira. He said that he would recover only one of his brothers. He asked Yudhisthira to choose any one brother. In reply, Yudhishthira said that he wanted to save Nahakul. Yaksha was surprised. He asked Yudhisthira why. Yudhishthira stated that Nahakula was the son of his step-mother, Madri. So, he wanted to save the lineage of his step-mother. Then, Yaksha was deeply impressed. He appeared before Yudhishthira. He was Yama, the god of justice and death. He said that he wanted to help them, so, he had tested their intelligence. At last, he revived all the brothers of Yudhishthira. He promised to help them in future too. A. Put the following sentences in correct order. a) Yuddhisthira wanted to save Nahakula to continue the lineage of Madri. b) Five Pandava brothers decided to hunt a deer. c) Firstly, Sahadeva went to bring water. d) Yudhisthira found all his four brothers lying unconscious. e) Yaksha was pleased and wanted to reward Yudhishthira. B. Complete the following sentences using the correct words/phrases from the text. a) The five pandava brothers were Yudhishthira ,…….Arjuna, Sahadeva and Nahakula.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 313 b) Yudhishthira was worried about… c) The unseen speaker said that he was….. d) Nahakula was the son of…. e) Yama is the god of… C. Answer the following questions. a) Why did Pandava brothers stop for a rest? b) What were the four pandava brothers doing when Yudhishtira reached near the pool? c) Who was the unknown speaker? d) What impressed Yaksha about Yudhishthira? e) Why had Yama tested the Pandava brothers? 12. Read the following text, and do the activities given below. On March 15th, in 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was assassinated on the steps of the Capital in Rome. A number of rich and famous Roman senators had plotted his downfall. Some were jealous of his outstanding success as a general. Others feared that, one day, he might accept the crown of Rome which had been offered to him. So his ‘friends’, Brutus, Cassius, Casca and others stabbed him to death on the steps where stood the statue of Pompey, thrusting their daggers again and again into the great leader, doing what his enemies in many wars had failed to do. Then they dipped their daggers into his blood and held them up for all to see. But their success was short-lived, for Marc Antony, Caesar’s true friend and admirer roused the Roman mob to seek revenge. They drove the murderers from Rome. Later, in battle they were killed. Antony and Caesar’s adopted son Augustus became rulers of the Roman Empire. A. Fill in the blank spaces below with the appropriate words from the text. a) Julius Caesar took his last breathe on ………… b) His downfall was planned by ………… c) Some people were jealous because of ……….. d) People took the revenge of …………. e) The weapons were dipped in ………. B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) Julius Caesar was a successful general. b) There was possibility that Caesars could be the ruler of Rome.

314 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 c) Mark Antony plotted for Caesar assassination. d) His own men took revenge with Caesar. e) The murderer were praised at last. C. Answer the following questions. a) Where was Caesar murdered? b) Why was he killed? c) How was he killed? d) What happened to the killers? e) Who began to rule Rome at last? 13. Read the passage below and do the activities that follow. Before I came to college, I was told not to expect my professors to care much about me or my work; indeed, I was told that I would be lucky if any of them even knew my name! But when I came to the university, I soon learned that these generalizations were too broad. Not all the teachers are the same. In fact, I have found that most of the professors here fall into three categories: the positive teachers, the neutral teachers and the negative teachers. The positive teachers are by far the most agreeable teachers. A positive teacher is one who seems interested in his subject matter and his students. The first thing a positive teacher does is tries to learn all of the students' names. This kind of teacher allows for questions and discussion in class and does not seem to mind if a student disagrees with him. A positive teacher shows interest out of class as well. Not only is he available for conferences, but also he encourages students to see him if they need help. The students tend to feel comfortable in the presence of this teacher. A. Choose the correct answer and complete the following sentences. a) The writer expected his professors ………. his name in the university at the beginning. i. would know ii. wouldn’t know iii. would be knowing a) The writer was found ……….. wrong in his generalization. i. partially ii. totally iii. initially c) A positive teacher tries to …………. all of the students' name. i. fix ii. memorize iii. learn d) A positive teacher is always ………… the students. i. encouraging ii. discouraging iii. beating e) The teacher who shows interest outside the classroom too is a …………. i. negative teacher ii. neutral teacher iii. positive teacher.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 315 B. Rewrite the following sentences in correct order. a) A positive teacher has a good relation with the students. b) A positive teacher is ready to help his students anywhere. c) The writer found the generalizations about teachers were broad. d) The writer was told about the university teachers. e) All the teachers are different. C. Answer the following questions. a) What kind of teachers do we find according to the passage? b) How is a positive teacher? c) Why do students feel comfortable with positive teachers? d) What was the writer told about teachers before he joined university? e) Who are thought to be lucky in the university? 14 Read the following text, and do the given tasks. The old man had been wrong in his expectations that plot of ground had been given to his father years ago by a Zamindar. One day the Zamindar’s son laid claim to the land. Pradip Pal refused to return it; the matter came before the court. But the young Zamindar had bought the judge and the farmer had to abandon his land and his house. Further terrible trials lay in store for Pradip Pal and his family. Their legal fights with the Zamindar had left them with only half an acre of good land, which could not produce enough crops to feed the family. When they ran out of rice, they survived on the fruits from the three coconut trees and on the vegetables from the high ground that required very little irrigation. There was also the fruit from the jackfruit tree. The Pals were thus able to survive for two years. During the third year, however, disaster struck once more. A parasite destroyed the entire field of rice. To overcome this catastrophe, the father set out on the path that led to the only brick house in the village. Nearly, all the habitants of Bankuli had been compelled at some time or other to call on the ‘Mahajan’. He was the key person in the village. He was its banker, its money lender, its pawnbroker and, very often, its vampire. By mortgaging the family field Pradip obtained a loan of four hundred pounds of rice on condition that he would return six hundred pounds after the harvest. A. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) Pradip Pal was ready to return the piece of land. b) Coconut trees, vegetables, jackfruits trees had become the source of his living.

316 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 c) Pradip Pal had only a brick house in the village. d) The plot of ground had been given to his father before. e) The zamindar didn’t get the loan back. B. Rewrite the following sentences in correct order. a) Pradip Pal lost the legal fight with the Zamindar. b) He had to abandon his land and his house. c) Pradip couldn’t spend his life as he expected. d) He got a loan of four hundred pounds of rice. e) The crop was destroyed by a parasite. C. Answer the following questions. a) Why did Pradip Pal refuse to return the land to the Zamindar? b) How did the Zamindar win the legal fight? c) How did Pal’s family survive after they left the land? d) Why did Pradip Pal go to the brick house? e) What was Pradip Pal wrong about ? 15. Read the following text and do the activities given below. A black hole is a region of space created by the total gravitational collapse of matter. It is so intense that nothing, not even light or radiation can escape. In other words, it is a one- way surface through which matter can fall inward but cannot emerge. Some astronomers believe that a black hole may be formed when a large star collapses inward from its own weight. So long as they are emitting heat and light into space, stars support themselves against their own gravitational pull with the outward thermal pressure generated by heat from nuclear reactions deep in their interiors. But if a star eventually exhausts its nuclear fuel, then its unbalanced gravitational attraction could cause it to contract and collapse. Furthermore, it could begin to pull in surrounding matter, including nearby comets and planets, creating a black hole. A. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ for the given statements. a) The black hole is so intense. b) A large star collapses outward from its own weight. c) A black hole is region of air. d) Thermal pressure is generated by the heat of the sun. e) Gravitational collapse of matter forms a black hole. B. Put the following sentences in correct order. a) Stars collapse inwards form a black hole. b) Stars support themselves by the heat on their interiors.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 317 c) The collapsing stars may pull in surrounding matter making the black hole larger. d) When the stars lose the head, they collapse. e) The imbalance in gravitational attraction makes stars contract. C. Answer the given questions. a) What is a black hole? b) How may a star collapse? c) What do some astronomers believe? d) What next happens when the stars collapse? e) How long do the stars support themselves? 16. Read the following text and do the activities that follow. My parents were not able to pay for my higher studies. I needed to get a job to support my family as well as to save my face. I tried my luck but there was no job in the lines of my palm. It was not thought decent to dirty your hands after being at college but one day, my mother asked me if I could help her in the fields. I liked working in the monsoon when there was no scorching sun in the sky. Mostly we worked in a drizzling rain that swept away the sweat of our toil. Under the canopy of black and white clouds we pulled the rice seedlings to plant them in a swampy soil as smooth as curd. The work was fun particularly when the co-workers were other young people. But working in summer was very difficult and boring. Without any kind of irrigation, we had to depend on our own muscles. Swinging baskets or buckets were used to water the fields; they were suspended by four cords and were held at each end by two people. The buckets were dipped into the watersometimes four feet down and then raised with a single throw so that the water could flow into the fields. Thus, with one basket, we could irrigate half an acre a day. By the time the day was finished we were finished too. What I had heard about Europe had led me to believe that what took two of us an hour to do, an English farmhand could have done in 15 minutes. Such were the conditions then and they are the same now. A. Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate words from the text. a) The writer was asked to work in the ………… b) He liked working with ……….. co-workers. c) During summer, they depend on ……….. for irrigation. d) The bucket or …………. were held at each end by the two people. e) College students do not like to work in ……….. . B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) The writer preferred working in the field to going for higher studies.

318 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 b) The irrigation was difficult all round the year. c) Rice seedling are planted in the curd like soil. d) The writer never worked in the dazzling rain. e) A lot of changes are seen in our farming system. C. Answer the following questions. a) Why was working difficult in summer? b) How were the fields irrigated in summer? c) What was done with the swinging bucket? d) How did the workers feel in the evenings in summer? e) What has the writer heard about European farming? 17. Read the following text and do the activities that follow. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Genre: Adventure and Fantasy Director: David Yates Cast: Eddie Redmayne, Katherine Waterston, Dan Fogler, Ezra Miller and Colin Farrell Being screened at QFX Cinemas Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them welcomes you to the new world of magic and wizardry of JK Rowling. Full of magical and mystical beasts, you are in for some magical treats and visual aesthetics. But on the other hand, the film is not cracking; you may be disappointed with the anticipated spin-off of Harry Potter films. The film has new things to offer from the world of wizardry including Newt Scamander (Eddie Redmayne) as the new hero. Back in 1926, the introvert magizoologist arrives in New York, USA with a magically-expanded suitcase. His short visit turns into an adventure when his suitcase is opened and a few magical creatures break loose on the streets of the Big Apple. With the help of No-Maj (American word for Muggle — common people) named Jacob Kowalski (Dan Fogler) as well as Porpentina Goldstein (Katherine Waterston), he retrieves the creatures. In the meantime, a powerful dark power is lurking to jeopardize the American wizardry world. Scamander is not a new name for Potter fans. He is the author of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them that Harry Potter had to study in Hogwarts. And so Potterheads can relate well to enjoy the film. Otherwise it is a lacklustre film with the occasional excitement and suspense. Rowling has told better and interesting stories — Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is inadequate. Its narration revolves around Newt and his beautiful beasts and finding them, while lacking the thrill and suspense. And her characters are very sketchy — perhaps (hopefully) this is the just the beginning of the many stories and truth to unravel.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 319 The film directed by David Yates, who has had directed the previous four Potter films, has missed to create magic with this one. Nonetheless, it is a magical spectacle with all the effects used. And you don’t have space for any complaints when it comes to the performances of the actors. Redmayne as Newt is likeable and his introvert wizard really comes through in the film. Fogler fulfils his duty as a funny bone while Katherine Waterston and Colin Farrell are mediocre in their performances. Ezra Miller in the role of painful character of Credence is promising. A. Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate words/phrases. a) This text is an example of …………………. b) The main role in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is played by…………………… c) The movie seems to be the repetition of ………………………. d) You can’t find thrill and……………………..during your stay at the theatre to see the film. e) The movie takes you to the world of……………………………. B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) David Yates is a very new director in the industry. b) Audiences with the knowledge of Potter films better enjoy the movie. c) You will be well satisfied to watch the movie. d) The actors have performed very well n the movie. e) Ezra Miller is the funny character in the film. C. Read the text again, and answer the following questions. a) What is the movie about? b) Who are the major actors of the film? c) What is the weak aspect of the film? d) What happened when the suitcase of the magizoolosit was opened? e) How is the performance of the director? 18. Read the following text, and do the activities that follow. Anuradha Koirala, who won CNN Hero of the Year 2010 Award, received a heroic welcome upon her arrival from the United States to Kathmandu. Her fans, well wishers and associates received her with open arms at the Tribhuvan International Airport. Hundreds of those present at the airport showered garlands on her, and some out of joy even burst into tears. Scores of journalists who descended upon the airport premises to cover her homecoming scrambled for interviews and pictures. Koirala also suffered a blow to her chest during a brief scuffle that broke out between media-persons and her well wishers.

320 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 "The award is but yours and every single Nepali here in home and abroad deserves this. It is an outcome of the solidarity you have demonstrated against the worst form of trafficking in human, domestic violence and social evils, "said Koirala. "This honour, I think, has added more responsibility on my shoulders to live up to expectations of a trafficked women and girls. Koirala maintained that she was just a medium for Nepal and Nepalis to fight for the cause. Asked if she ever expected to win the title, Koirala said, "Not at all till CNN's Anderson Copper announced my name as the winner during a starstudded ceremony at The Shrine Auditotrium in Los Angeles on November 19. With the announcement, the first thing I remembered was my home country and I was eager to return home to share the joyous moment with you all." Koirala led a rally to Maiti Nepal in Gaushala later in the day. Her associates at Maiti Nepal, her workplace, rolled out a red carpet to welcome the hero. A. Choose the best answer and complete the sentences. a) Anuradha was warmly welcomed in .................... . i. Kathmandu ii. The United States iii. Los Angeles b) ............. made media-persons feel difficulty in movement at the airport. i. The rules of the airport ii. The crowd iii. A brief scuffle c) Anuradha said the award belongs to ............ by right. i. only Koiralas ii. Nepalese in abroad iii. all Nepali people d) Immediately after the announcement of her name as the winner, she desired to come back to Nepal to .............................. . i. see her well wishers ii. resume her work iii. share her happiness e) Anuradha works in the field of ........................ . i. journalism ii. women trafficking iii. Maiti Nepal B. Put the following sentences in the correct order. a) Anuradha was warmly welcomed by her associates. b) A crowd gathered to welcome her in Kathmandu. c) Koirala wanted to share her joy with all Nepalese. d) She received the award on November 19. e) The award added more responsibility to her. C. Answer the following questions. a) Why was Anuradha warmly welcomed? b) What was she awarded the title for? c) Who was she received by at the airport? d) Whom did she dedicate the award to? e) How was she welcomed at Maiti Nepal?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 321 19. Read the following text and do the activities that follow: We left our land because the marshes we used to fish were flooding. The tide line was getting ever closer to the slopes where we dried our catches. For years we did our best to move up with it, but in the end it became impossible. The water threatened our houses, children drowned, harvests and catch rotted. We decided to go away, a long way to the east, to the place where, according to the wandering Rrattika, there lived shipbuilders who were constructing the largest ship of all time and who were looking for workers. We bought a donkey and a tent of animal hide. With great difficulty, we learned to handle that tent. Then we traveled inland, away from the marshes and the duck ponds where we had lived for generations. My father had asked brothers and cousins to provide lights for our departure. On last time he gazed at many boats he had built; side by side. They lay at the edge of the water. As we left he sang but if you listened carefully, you could hear he was uttering curses. A. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) The narrator used to live on fishing. b) He didn’t want to leave the land. c) Nature always did good to him. d) The writer was familiar to handle the tent. e) The writer’s father was cursing through his songs. B. Put the following sentences in the correct order. a) The narrator decided to migrate. b) There were boats at the edge of the sea. c) He used to catch fish. d) He learnt to handle the tent. e) He was troubled by nature. C. Answer the following questions. a) What made the writer leave his land? b) How was the narrator affected by nature? c) Where was the narrator going? d) What was difficult for the writer? e) What did the writer’s father sing? 20. Read the following passage and do the given activities. Climate change in the world can be caused by various activities. When climate change occurs; temperatures can increase dramatically. When temperature rises, many different changes can occur on Earth. For example, it can result in more floods, droughts, or intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves. Oceans and glaciers have also experienced some changes: oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, glaciers are melting, and sea levels are rising. As these changes frequently occur in future decades, they will likely present challenges to our society and environment.

322 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 During the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Most of the gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket around the Earth, trapping energy in the atmosphere and causing it to warm. This is called the greenhouse effect and it is natural and necessary to support life on earth. However, while greenhouse gases buildup, the climate changes and result in dangerous effects to human health and ecosystems. People have adapted to the stable climate we have enjoyed since the last ice age which ended several thousand years ago. A warmer climate can bring changes that can affect our water supplies, agriculture, power and transportation systems, the natural environment, and even our own health and safety. There are some climate changes that are unavoidable and nothing can be done about it. For example, carbon dioxide can stay in the atmosphere for nearly a century, so Earth will continue to warm in the future. A. Match the remarks in column ‘A’ with their correct continuation in column ‘B’. Column A Column B a. Climate change i. remains longer in the atmosphere. b. Green house ii. is challenged by the increased warmth of the earth. c. Carbon dioxide iii. causes global warming. d. The stable climate iv. holds energy and supports life. e. Human society v. is necessary for human survival. B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a) Green house effect is solely responsible for climate change. b) Climate change is the cause of global warming. c) Carbon dioxide is a green house gas. d) Human beings have learnt to adapt the changed climate. e. Every change in the climate can be controlled if we become aware in time. C. Answer the following questions. a) How are oceans and glaciers affected by climate change? b) What has posed a challenge to the human society? c) What has been the source of green house gases? d) What is green house effect? e) Why is the Earth likely to continue to be warmer?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 323 Part-IV : CDC Model Question - 2080 Subjects: Compulsory English Full Marks: 75 Grade: 10 Time: 3 hours Candidates are required to give answer according to the given instructions. 1. Read the text given below and do the tasks. The Voice of the Rain And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower, Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated: I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain, Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea, Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely form'd, altogether changed, and yet the same, I descend to lave the droughts, atomies, dust-layers of the globe, And all that in them without me were seeds only, latent, unborn; And forever, by day and night, I give back life to my own origin, and make pure and beautify it; (For song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfillment, wandering, Reck'dorunreck'd, duly with love returns.) — Walt Whitman A. Choose the correct answer: (5 × 1 = 5) a. The poem is a conversation between ............ i. the speaker and the rain. ii. the rain and the nature. iii. the speaker and the Earth. iv. the Earth and the road. b. Mother Earth is given happiness by............ i. the sea. ii. the rain. iii. the music. iv. atomies. c. The speaker says that like nature, the rain is.......... i. difficult to understand. ii. easy to understand. iii. always the same. iv. not changing its shape. d. The raindrops pour down to wash away............... i. the land. ii. the globe. iii. the dust layer. iv. the seeds.

324 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 e. The rain and a song are similar because.............. i. both produce a melodious sound. ii. both give happiness to the Earth. iii. the rain can change its form and so does a song. iv. the rain has a power to heal the Earth; and a song can heal human heart. 2. Read the text given below and do the tasks: Thanksgiving around the World Festivals are not just the means of entertainment or rejoice. They also reflect our heritage, culture and traditions. Thanksgiving is celebrated around the world to extend thanks for the harvest, enjoying bountiful food, and spending time with family and friends. Even though Thanksgiving seems to be uniquely American, the tradition is followed in different countries in various forms. Thanksgiving, USA Celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November, Thanksgiving in the USA is a national holiday that commemorates the feast the Pilgrims held after the first harvest in 1621. The first celebration was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 pilgrims. Thanksgiving has been celebrated intermittently ever since. Thanksgiving dinner with family plays a central role in the celebrations, with Americans eating more food on Thanksgiving Day than any other day of the year, including Christmas. Roast turkey is essential –approximately 45 million of them are consumed every year – as well mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes, sweet corn and assorted fall vegetables, all food that is native to the Americans. Parades are a big part of the celebrations too. They range from small town affairs featuring the local marching band to Macy‘s Thanksgiving parade through the streets of New York. Billed as the world‘s largest parade, it features parade floats and huge balloons, usually based on cartoon characters, current Broadway shows and other topical themes. A. Match the information that begins in Column 'A' with its correct ending in Column 'B'. There is one extra ending that you may not use. (5 × 1 = 5) Column 'A' Column 'B' a. Extending thanks for the harvest i. is about 45 million in number. b. Thanksgiving ii. is one of the largest parade in the world. c. Consumption of roast turkey iii. is a main reason of celebrating Thanksgiving. d. Food items like sweet potatoes iv. is celebrated in different ways. e. Macy's Thanksgiving parade v. will be performed by 53 pilgrims. vi. are truly American origin.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 325 B. Answer the following questions: (5 × 1 = 5) a. What do festivals show about people? b. When is Thanksgiving celebrated in the USA? c. What is the main part of the celebration? d. Mention the two variations in the parades, e. Why do you think Americans celebrate this festival with rejoice even today? 3. Read the text given below and do the tasks: Dodhara Chandani dry port gets environmental approval Kathmandu, May 23 The proposed Dodhara Chandani dry port and check post in far western Nepal has moved a step forward with the government‘s approving the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report. The Rs.15 billion construction project is located in Dodhara Chandani Municipality, Kanchanpur district, and is listed as a national priority project by the government. The construction site is spread over 250 bighas (189 hectares). On April 30, the cabinet cleared the use of 63 hectares inside Gaurishankar community forest, a buffer zone of Suklaphanta National Park, for the dry port. According to the EIA, 15,057 trees need to be felled and; as per the Forest Clearance Guidelines, 10 compensatory trees must be planted for every tree cut for development projects. Project officials say that 150,525 compensatory trees need to be planted. "The dry port will be built under an Indian grant. A memorandum of understanding will be signed soon between the two neighbours," said Anish KC, a civil engineer at the Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board. "Discussions are at an advanced stage," he said. Dodhara Chandani dry port will be the first business gateway to India from Nepal's far west. The site is 245 km from India‘s capital New Delhi and 1,200 km from Gujarat state. The dry port will facilitate trade with other Indian states like Rajasthan, Uttarakhanda, Punjab and Haryana. The project is expected to lower transportation costs and the time taken to import goods from India. The World Bank conducted a feasibility study for a dry port at Kanjabhoj in Dodhara Chandani Municipality a decade ago, and the Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board prepared another report in 2016. A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text above. (5 × 1 = 5) a. Dodhara Chadani dry port will occupy ……….. of area in Kanchanpur.

326 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 b. The Forest Clearance Guidelines directs the government to plant ………….trees to replace a felled tree. c. The project will go ahead with ………… funding. d. New Delhi is ………… far from Dodhara Chadani dry port site. e. From the text above, it is seen that Nepal… necessary things and materials from India. B. Answer the following questions: (5 × 1 = 5) a. What is the estimated construction cost of Dodhara Chadani dry port? b. When was it approved to utilize 63 hectares area of Gaurishankar community forest? c. What does the two neighbours‘ in paragraph 3 refer to? d. Do you think this project will affect positively in nation‘s economic growth? Why? e. Is this the first attempt of Nepal Government to set up a dry port in the far-western Nepal? 4. Read the book review given below and do the tasks: Seto Dharti Amar Neupane's Seto Dharti is a fantastic piece of artwork. Tara, Pabitra, and other child widows are central characters in this book. The main plot revolves around Tara's life. She married when she was seven years old. She had no idea what love was then. Her own parents lied to her and forced her to remain in the Jaggya (wedding pavilion) claiming that they were worshipping God at home. She was taken to her home and told that she needed to go to the temple. She didn't find out until the day after her wedding that she was marrying to someone she had never met before. She was sound asleep when it came time to execute the marriage rites. It was as if she were in a dream. She cried a lot as she thought of her mother. Her mother advised her on the dos and don'ts of becoming a daughter-in-law. She had to stay in her husband's house for a year. It was very painful for her to stay there. After a year, she moved into her maternal home. She lost her husband when she was nine years old. She was invited to her home without being informed of her husband's demise. She learned that her husband had died as soon as she arrived home. Despite the fact that he was a stranger in her life, she had to observe all the funeral rites. That was the first time she'd seen her husband's face on his deathbed. Then she was taken to the ghat that was on fire. Her jewelry as well as her clothing was taken away. Her head was shaved and she had to remain in mourning for thirteen days.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 327 Towards the end of her life, she arrived in Devghat where she dedicated her life to God. She saw Govind's image in the Swamiji there. Gobind was one of her childhood friends. He had taught her how to read and write. Once a lady called Gangeswari visited Devghat Ashram. She became popular as a result of her experience and the wealth she took with her. Gangeswari visited Tara's hut one night and unveiled her identity. She was Pabitra, Tara's childhood friend. Pabitra told her how she went through various stages of life before becoming Gangeswari. The novel depicts the difficulties Tara faced in her life. The novel tells her life from the time she was born till she turned 87. My throat choked several times while reading this book. It portrays an image of social evil & its negative effects on the lives of many Taras and Pabitras in Nepali society. A. Match the words from the text in Column 'A' with their meanings in Column 'B'. (5×1=5) Column 'A' Column 'B' a. execute i. a person's death. b. demise ii. reveal or uncover something. c. rites iii. put completely into effect. d. mourning iv. the feeling or expression of reverence for a deity. e. unveil v. social customs or conventional acts. vi. the expression of sorrow for someone's death. B. Write ‘True’ for the true statements and ‘False’ for the false ones. (5 × 1 = 5) a. Tara is a main character in the novel Seto Dharti. b. Tara had learnt that she was married when Tara went to her husband‘s home. c. Tara first saw her husband a year after her marriage. d. Tara started teaching people the meaning of life in Debghat. e. Gangeswori was the false name of Pabitra. C. Answer the following questions: (5 × 1 = 5) a. Write the names of characters in Seto Dharti as mentioned in the review. b. How long did Tara have to stay in her husband‘s house? c. What rituals did Tara have to follow after her husband‘s death? d. Why do you think Tara saw the image of Gobind in Swamiji? e. Why did the writer feel choked while reading the novel?

328 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 5. Write a set of rules and regulations for the visitors of a park. Write it in about 100 words using the clues given below: (5) Opening time : 9am – 5pm --- no glass containers --- littering prohibited --- no alcohol --- pet animals not allowed. 6. Write a formal message of congratulations to your friend who has won the title of 'Best Player' in an inter-school volleyball tournament organized by your municipality/rural municipality. Write the message in about 100 words using the clues given below: (5) Sanskriti Chaudhary ----- the best volleyball player ----- hardworking and disciplined ----- happy and proud ----- congratulations ----- best wishes for future Endeavour 7. Nowadays many young people are found increasingly involved in various video games in their mobile phones. Write a paragraph in around 150 words expressing your views about the mental and social impacts of excessively playing such games. (6) 8. Write an essay describing one of your favourite food items. Write it in about 200 words mentioning its look, smell, taste, feel, etc. (8) 9. Reproduce the following sentences as instructed in the brackets. (6 × 1 = 6) a. The accident cost Krishna a lot, ...............? (Add a question tag.) b. Does Garima study in this school? (Change into an affirmative sentence.) c. Yamuna danced beautifully in the party. (Change into 'how' question) d. Raima ............. (finish) all her homework before her teacher asked her to do it. (Use correct tense of the verb 'finish') e. Everybody should follow the rules sincerely. (Change into passive voice.) f. Bhim inquired, "How will you make the payment?" (Change into indirect speech) 10. Choose and copy the best answer for the numbered blanks below. Rewriting is not compulsory. (10 × 0.5 = 5) A man came into (a) ……….. (a, an, the, no article) wood one day with an axe in his hand. He (b) ……… (begs, begged, was begging, had begged) a tree, (c) …….... (please give me, to give him, that give him, whether give him) a small branch. He wanted the branch (d) …….. (because, so that, although, since) he could make a walking stick from it. The tree was (e) …… (with, of, by, on) kind nature. He thought the man (f) …… (will, may, might, must) make good use of the branch. Hence, he gave the man one of his branches, (g) …… …... (did he, didn't he, hadn't he, wouldn't he)? The woodcutter had the branch (h) ….. (fix, to fix, fixed, fixing) into his axe head. Soon the woodcutter was set to work. He cut down branch after branch. The tree had never been (i) .......... (foolish, as foolish as, more foolish, the most foolish) this in giving his enemy the means of destroying himself. Had the tree not permitted the man to cut a branch, he (j) ….……. (doesn't probably fell, won't probably fell, wouldn't probably fell, wouldn't have probably felled) so many branches.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 329 Part - V Model Question Set-1 1. Read the given poem and do the activity that follows: [5] The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Here were custard and trifle, and cheese cakes good store, Nice sweetmeats and jellies, and twenty things more; All that art had invented the palate to please, Except some fat bacon and smoking grey peas They were nicely regaling when into the room Came the dog and the cat and the maid with a broom They jumped in a custard both up to their knees: The country mouse sighed for her bacon and peas. Cried she to her friend, ''Get me safely away, I can venture no longer in London to stay; For if oft you receive interruptions like these, Give me my nice bacon and charming grey peas. "Your living is splendid and gay, to be sure, But the dread of disturbance you ever endure; I taste true delight in contentment and ease, And I feast on fat bacon and charming grey peas." Write whether the following sentences are true or false: [5 × 1 = 5] a. The city mouse offered his friend, the country mouse, wonderful food as a greeting. (Inference) b. The large selection of food astonished the rural mouse. (Inference) c. During meals, they were constantly threatened by the cat, the dog, and the maid. (Literal Comprehension) d. The country mouse enjoyed the meal and wished to live with the city mouse. (Reorganization) e. Security and serenity are more vital than a delicious meal.(Inference)

330 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 2. Read the text and do the activities that follow: (10) Open Letter to UN Secretary-General We are disappointed, however, that you have not expanded this list of young climate leaders to children in all their diversity. Millions of children took part in school strikes for climate action in 2019 and early 2020 and demonstrated their outrage and constructive solutions in equal measure. They have been agents of change in the climate debate using their channels of influence-schools, social media, and street protest- to catalyse global activism on the climate crisis. We have seen children from the global North to the global South engaging with political and corporate leaders- in their home countries and also within the international system-most recently at the UN Human Rights Council-claiming their right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment as critical foundation to realizing their wellbeing and rights. It was, after all, a child, Greta Thunberg, who sparked this global movement through an inspiring solo protest in 2018. By 2019, she was able to rightly assert: "We proved that it does not matter what you do and that no one is too small to make a difference.'' In 2020, children are saying the same thing. Like Fabrizio, a 16 year old boy from Peru, who told us on a recent child-led online conversation, •'The Future of Children is at stake now, tomorrow will be too late." Children like Fabrizio are vocal in their anxiety that our dash to economic recovery will scupper climate change at net zero commitments. They continue to pressure on us all for urgency, and to fight for a green recovery. A. Complete the blank spaces with the correct information from the above text. [5 × 1 = 5] a. A large number of children took part in …… for climate action. (Literal Comprehension) b. Children have been ……… of change in the climate debate. (Literal Comprehension) c. Greta Thunberg who proved that no one is too small to make …….. (Reorganization d. The commitments for ......will be affected by economic recovery. (Literal Comprehension) e. According to Fabrizio, we need to fight fo………. .(Reorganization) B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Why is the writer disappointed? (Literal Comprehension) b. How can children change the climate debate?(Literal Comprehension) c. What were the children claiming? (Literal Comprehension) d. Name to children who fought against climate change?(Reorganization) e. What is the main theme of the text?(Evaluation)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 331 3. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [10] Nobel Prizes are given every year to persons who have made excellent contribution in the field of physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine, also to persons who have created the most outstanding literary work and who have made great contribution towards world peace. The Nobel Prize for economic sciences was started in 1969. Other Nobel Prizes were established in 1901. The name in whose name the Nobel Prizes were established was Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist. He was born in Stockholm on 21 October 1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was a Scientist. Alfred Nobel had his education at St. Petersburg in Russia and In Stockholm. He contributed his whole life to the field of science. The discovery of dynamite enabled Nobel to become rich and get fame as days passed. Alfred Nobel died on 10 December 1896 at the age of 63. He left behind a fabulous sum of $9.2 million as a foundation for the Nobel Prizes. The amount of each prize varies according to the interest from the fund. Each Nobel Prize consists of a citation, a gold medal and about one million dollars. The prize may be shared by two or three and if no prize is given, the money is returned to the foundation. The selection of winners is done by distinguished persons of integrity and scholarship. The prizes are awarded every year on December. A. Write 'True' for true statements and 'False' for false statements.[5 × 1 = 5] a. Nobel Prize was given in the field of economic sciences in the beginning. (Reorganization) b. The Nobel Prize is named after the name of Alfred Nobel. (Inference) c. The discovery of dynamite enabled Nobel to become rich and get fame. (Literal Comprehension) d. The sum of $9.2 million as a foundation for the Nobel Prizes was left when Alfred died. (Reorganization) e. The amount of the Nobel Prize is the same every year. (Literal Comprehension) B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What does somebody getting a Nobel Prize for peace indicate? (Inference) b. Who are given Nobel Prizes for literature? (Literal Comprehension) c. If the reward is not awarded, what happens to the money? (Literal Comprehension) d. Why do you think Nobel prizes are distributed in December? (Inference) e. What does foundation of Nobel Prize indicate about Alfred Nobel's personality? (Evaluation)

332 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 4. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [15] The Palace of Versailles Versailles is the site of the Palace of Versailles, one of the most storied buildings in the history of France. It was originally built as a hunting chateau by King Louis VIII in 1624. In 1669, King Louis XIV began searching for a grand site where he could conduct the affairs of France and control the government. He settled on the hunting palace and expanded it into the world’s largest palace. In addition, the King hoped to build a governmental center apart from Paris. The palace took 36,000 workers fifty years to build. The palace is spread out over 280 acres and can house 20,000 people! The palace features over 700 rooms and 67 staircases. There are dozens of unique rooms, features, gardens, and halls. One of the most renowned rooms of the Palace of Versailles is the Hall of Mirrors. Recently restored, the Hall of Mirrors is the centerpiece of the dazzling building. Originally added to the palace in 1684, the Hall of Mirrors was built to be a dazzling display of the power and wealth of the French Monarchy. The hall, which measures 73 meters in length, features 357 gold-coated stucco mirrors, ornate paintings, crystal chandeliers, marble fixtures, a parquet floor, and ceilings with colorful murals painted by artist Charles Le Brun. The Hall of Mirrors has also played a prominent role in history. Both the Proclamation of the German Empire in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War, and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles that formally ended World War One were signed there. A. Match the words with their meanings: [5 × 1 = 5] Column 'A' Column 'B' formally standing out so as to be seen easily; chateau an official announcement: renowned a large French country house or castle, proclamation known or talked about by many people; famous. prominent in accordance with convention or etiquette. B. Read the above text carefully and choose the correct option: [5 × 1 = 5] i. When was the Palace of Versailles originally built? (Reorganization) a. 1669 b. 1624 c. 1786 d. 1684 ii. Why did King Louis XIV want a grand palace? (Literal Comprehension) a. So he and his queen could retire comfortably. b. As a hunting chateau. c. As a place to control the government. d. As a palace to spend his old age. iii. The palace of Versailles can hold ______ people.(Literal Comprehension) a. 700 b. 36000 c. 20000 d. 2000

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 333 iv. Which of the following is not true? (Inference) a. The Hall of Mirrors has not been restored since 1684. b. The Hall of Mirrors is considered the centerpiece of the Palace of Versailles. c. Two major treaties were signed in the Hall of Mirrors. d. The Hall of Mirrors is spread in 280 acres. v. Which of the following could be an appropriate title for this passage? (Evaluation) a. The Amazing Palace of Versailles b. The ceilings of the Hall of Mirrors c. Louis XIV and the Palace of Versailles d. The Establishment of Paris C. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What is the significance of Palace of Versailles in the history of France? (Literal Comprehension) b. Why was Palace of Versailles founded originally?(Literal Comprehension) c. How can one say that Palace of Versailles is one of the largest palaces in the world? (R) d. How long did it take to complete the palace?(Literal Comprehension) e. What is the historical significance of the Hall of Mirrors? (Inference) 5. Imagine that your uncle from the USA has sent you a mobile set for your outstanding performance in SEE exam. Write a thank-you note to him in approximately 100 words. [5] Clues: mobile set…..you had a long desire for it….. very thankful to him..... 6. Develop a readable story using the given outlines. (In about 100 words.) [5] A little fish _____ lives in a small pond with mother fish _____ happy and content _____ too curious and restless _____ sees a worm floating in water _____ is tempted to have it _____ mother fish warns him of danger _____ doesn't listen _____ blames her of not giving him opportunity _____ disobeys her _____ catches the worm _____ is caught in the fish hook _____ realizes his mistakes when out of water _____ it's too late. 7. A student is talking to his teacher about taking leave for visiting his sick mother. Write a dialogue between them in six exchanges. [6] 8. 'Dowry System' still exists in many communities in Nepal. It has a very negative consequence in the society. Write an essay discussing its impacts and ways to control it in about 200 words. [8]

334 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: [6 × 1 = 6] a. I think you are hungry, _____? (Supply the correct tag) b. Do this yourself. (Into negative) c. Before we reached the airport, the plane (take off). (Put the verb in bracket in correct tense) d. Tara said to me, 'Did you find the mobile set?' (Into direct speech) e. Nepali is spoken all over Nepal. (Into active voice) f. Prativa plays tennis once a week. (Into 'How often' question) 10. Choose and copy the best answers from the brackets to complete the text. (Rewriting is not compulsory.) [10 × 0.5 = 5] Picnic is one of ____ (a) ____ (a/an/the/nothing) most important ways of recreation for young students. Realizing the fact, our school ____ (b) ____ (organizes/ organized/has organized/was organized) a picnic program for grade 10 students last month. We decided to go to a picnic ____ (c) ____ (on/in/at/ by) Saturday. We fixed the spot. It was Bandipur which is located on the top of a high hill. Nobody (d) ____ (is/was/were/ are) absent in the programme, ____ (e) ____ (was they/ were they/was nobody/weren't they)? Prabin sir led students for shopping. Rupa and Manisha ____ (f) ____ (were asked/was asked/are asked/ is asked) to pack the purchased goods. The class teacher asked them ____ (g) ____ (that everything was ready/if everything was ready/be everything ready/was everything ready). He got everyone ____ (h) ____ (reach/to reach/reached, reaches) the bus station early in the morning ____ (i) ____ (in order to/because/so that, as) we could reach there in time. If we hadn't moved early, we ____ (j) ____ (can't get/couldn't get/ couldn't have got/ would get) the best picnic spot there. The picnic turned into a complete success.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 335 Set-2 1. Read the poem and do the activity that follows: [5] The Voice of the Rain And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower, Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated: I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain. Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea, Upward to heaven, whence vaguely form'd, altogether changed and yet the same, I descend to leave the droughts, atomies, dust-layers of the globe, And all that in them without me were seeds only, latent, unborn; And forever by day and night, I give back life to my own origin, And make pure and beautify it; (For song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfillment, wandering, Reck’d or unreck'd, duly with love returns.) - Walt Whiteman Complete the summary of the poem with the words in the box: [5 × 1 = 5] soul wandering compares purifies life The poet _____ rain with music. He says that there is a very important connection and similarity between the two. A song that is composed by a human is born from the _____ of the person. Its birthplace is the poet’s heart. After _____ from one person to another, it returns to the person with all due love of the listeners. Just like that the rain arises from the earth and forms vapors in the sky. Then the clouds burst and it falls in the form of rain coming back to its origin and giving _____ to all living beings. Like a melody that energies human’ hearts, in the same way rain also drives and _____ all the things on the earth. 2. Read the text and do the activity that follows: [10] How Driverless Cars will Change our World By Jenny CUSACK 30th November,2023 It's a late night in the Metro area of Phoenix, Arizona. Under the artificial glare of street lamps, a car can be seen slowly approaching. Active sensors on the vehicle radiate a low hum. A green and blue 'W' glows from the windscreen, giving off just enough light to see inside - to a completely empty driver seat. The wheel navigates the curb, parking as an arrival notification pings on the phone of the person waiting for it. When they open the door to climb inside, a voice greets them over the vehicle's sound system. "Good evening, this car is all yours- with no one upfront," it says.

336 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 This is a Waymo One robotaxi, hailed just 10 minutes ago using an app. The open use of this service to the public, slowly expanding across the US, is one of the many developments signaling that driverless technology is truly becoming a part of our lives. The promise of driverless technology has long been enticing. It has the potential to transform our experience of commuting and long journeys, take people out of high-risk working environments and streamline our industries. It's key to helping us build the cities of the future, where our reliance and relationship with cars are redefined - lowering carbon emissions and paving the way for more sustainable ways of living. And it could make our travel safer. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes. "We want safer roads and fewer fatalities. Automation ultimately could provide that," says Camilla Fowler, head of automated transport for the UK's Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). But in order for driverless technology to become mainstream, much still needs to change. "Driverless vehicles should be a very calm and serene way of getting from A to B. But not every human driver around it will be behaving in that way," says David Hynd, chief scientist for safety and investigations at TRL. A. Write true or false: [5 × 1 = 5] a. It was the time of dawn when it happened. b. The driver was sitting on his seat. c. The sound system in the vehicle welcomes the customers. d. Driverless technology is the latest demand of our life. e. More than 3.1 million people are killed on road traffic crashes. B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Where did the above incident happen? b. What happened just ten minute ago? c. What has been tempting people for long? d. How many people die due to road accidents in the world? e. Who is the head of TRL? 3. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [10] Florence Nightingale was born in Florence. Italy, on 12 May 1820. She was well educated and when she grew up into a young woman, her family was concerned about finding her a good husband. But Florence refused to marry and, at the age of twenty-five, told her parents she wanted to become a nurse. Her family repeatedly opposed her. In those days, hospitals were often dirty and dark, and the nurses were untrained women. But she refused to change her mind and finally, in 1851, Florence's father gave her permission to train as a nurse

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 337 Florence went to Germany, where she studied to become a nurse. Two years later, she was appointed superintendent of a hospital for invalid women in Harley Street, London. In March 1853, Russia invaded Turkey, Britain and France went to Turkey's aid in this conflict known as the Crimean War. Within a few weeks of their arrival, about 8,000 soldiers were suffering from cholera and malaria. When Florence read a report on this in The Times, she volunteered her services. The government refused permission at first because women had never been involved in such things before. But eventually, it allowed her to take a group of thirty-eight nurses to Turkey. Florence found the conditions in the army hospital in Scutari, in Turkey, deeply shocking. The men were kept in dirty rooms without blankets or decent food and clothes. In these conditions, it was not surprising that diseases such as typhus, cholera and dysentery were the main reasons for the high death-rate amongst wounded soldiers. At first, military officers and doctors objected to Florence's involvement in treating the wounded soldiers. But when her friends at The Times reported the way, the British Army treated its wounded soldiers she was allowed to work in the barracks hospital. By improving the quality of sanitation, she was able to reduce the deathrate among her patients considerably. She was called the 'lady with the lamp' by the British soldiers because of late hours she worked tending to the sick and the wounded, carrying a lamp in her hand. In 1856, Florence Nightingale returned to England as a national figure. In October 1856, she had a long interview with Queen Victoria and Prince Albert about improving the quality of nursing in military hospital. This resulted in the formation of the Army Medical College. In later life, Florence Nightingale suffered from poor health. She died in London on 13 August 1910. A. Write true or false: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Florence Nightingale was born to wealthy family. b. Her parents wanted her to start a career in nursing. c. At the time, the hospitals used to be salubrious. d. She studied nursing in Germany. e. Hospitals were well-lit during her time. B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What was her parents’ concern? b. What did Florence want to become? c. How were hospitals at that time? d. Who came to assist Turkey? e. Why is Florence called ‘The Lady with a Lamp’?

338 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 4. Read the given text and do the activities that follow: [15] The Civil War was one of the most difficult times in American history. From 1861 to 1865, America was at war with itself. The war stormed from differences in beliefs between anti-slavery individuals in the northern states, and pro-slavery individuals in the south. Slavery was very important to the southern economy, and many southerners were afraid that Abraham Lincoln would try to abolish slavery when he became president. Such individuals did not think the government had the right to tell the states what to do. People in the north thought that slavery was immoral, and were afraid that if slavery was allowed in America's new territories, it would never be defeated. In 1860 and 1861, eleven southern states decided to secede (break away) from the United States and form their own government. It was called the Confederate States of America. Richmond, Virginia was made their capital. Congress declared war on April 14, 1861 for the purposes of preserving the Union. The first shots of the Civil War were fired two days earlier at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. The war that ensued was long and deadly. Over 500,000 soldiers were killed, by far, more than any other war in American history. Both the north and the south won many major victories. Many battles proved inconclusive. The northern side, however, had more people and supplies. The turning point in the war occurred between July 1–3 of 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg. It was the only time the south waged a major battle on northern soil (not including battles fought in border states). The Union (Northern) army was victorious and drove the Confederates back to Virginia. In 1864, the Confederate Army was further weakened. Union forces had cut the Confederacy in two separate parts by taking over the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans. Robert E. Lee's army was also under constant attack from Union general Ulysses S. Grant throughout Virginia. Finally, after Union forces invaded the Confederate capital of Richmond, the Confederate States of America were forced to surrender on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. The war was over and the Union was preserved. A. Choose the correct word for each definition: [5 × 1 = 5] confederate inconclusive abolish slavery territories a. To end an activity or custom officially is to _____ it. b. The word _____ means an activity of keeping other people and force them to obey you. c. The areas of land under the authority of a ruler or state is called _____. d. The word _____ means joined or united in a group. e. Something not leading to a firm conclusion or result is referred as _____. B. Read the above text again and fill in the gap with the appropriate word/s or phrases. [5 × 1 = 5]

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 339 a. The civil war began in _____ . [1] b. The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 was _____ in the war. [1] c. The number of states seceded from the union were _____ . [1] d. The first shots of the civil war were fired at _____ . [1] e. People in the south believed _____ . [1] C. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. What do you mean by civil war? b. What was the root cause of civil war? c. What did the people of northern think about slavery? d. Why the civil war was deadly in American history? e. Where was the capital of the separatists? 5. Imagine that a student of your school stood first in inter school essay competition. Write a message of congratulation to be published in a newspaper. Use the given clues. [5] Name _____ class _____ talented and hardworking _____ popular among friends and teachers _____ best wishes for future. 6. Write a news story in about 100 words using the clues given in the box below.[5] Educational materials distributed to schoolchildren » Schoolchildren from two schools in Lamjung district » Total 275 children » Books, exercise books, and bags given » Supported by a local youth club » Minister for Education, Science and Technology as the chief guest » Minister thanked the donors » Parents and children expressed happiness 7. Compose a dialogue between two friends about their plan after SEE. Write at least six exchanges. [6] 8. Write a review of a film you have recently seen in about 200 words. [8] 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in brackets: [6 × 1 = 6] a. I am late, _____? (Supply the correct tag) b. Never ask questions in class. (Into affirmative) c. A cow (have) four legs. (Put the verb in bracket in correct tense) d. The teacher said, "Water boils at 100º C." (Into indirect speech) e. I hate being asked stupid questions. (Into active voice) f. The boys went abroad to see their parents. (into why question)

340 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 10. Choose the correct answer from the brackets to complete the following text and copy them in your answer sheet. (Re-writing is not compulsory) [10 × 0.5 = 5] As I was leaving my friend’s office _____ 1 _____ (at/on/in, from) noon, I had no idea where I _____ 2 _____ (parks/parked/had parked/park) my car. I went to the police station and reported that I had lost _____ 3 _____ (a/an/the/nothing) small red car somewhere. One of the policemen said that if he were me, he _____ 4 _____ (will look/would look/ would have looked/looks) for it himself. Walking down the street, I examined each car closely and was greatly relieved to see a small red car just behind a cart. I was disappointed to discover that _____ 5 _____ (although/because/however/so that) the car was exactly like mine, it _____ 6 _____ (belongs/ belong/belonged/had belonged) to someone else. Turing the corner, I nearly jumped for joy; my car was right in front of me, _____ 7 _____? (was it/ is it/wasn’t it/doesn't it) Pasted on the windscreen was a little ticket which informed me that the car _____ 8 _____ (had visited/had been visited/was visited/is visited) by a policeman in my absence. This made me _____ 9 _____ (was felt/feel/to feel/ felt) shocked. It was written on the ticket that I had to visit the police station to pay the fine. This taught me the lesson that parking rules _____ 10 _____ (is/was/ are/were) to be obeyed. Set-3 1. Read the text and do the activities that follow. [5] Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal A snow-covered forest in winter can be a quiet place. In spring, however, this same spot is filled with the chirps, chatter, and calls of birds. Where do they go during the winter? In the past, people used to think that during the winter, birds slept in holes that they dug in the ground. Others thought they hid in the mud on the bottoms of ponds-alive, but waiting for spring. Others claimed that familiar summer birds transformed into other types of birds in the winter. The truth is, in some ways, more incredible. What birds do during this time is migrate: They fly over land and oceans without a roadmap or compass to destinations that are sometimes thousands of miles away. Like marathon runners, birds pace themselves so they do not run out of energy before they can land. They are always adjusting speed, height, and flight path to account for changing winds, their own weight, and storms. In the spring, they retrace their paths back to their summer homes. Each fall, about five billion birds migrate south for the winter from North America. Nearly all 500 of the 650 species of North American birds migrate. Yet this is just one small part of the picture. More than half of all the bird species in the world-approximately 5,000 speciesmigrate, and each species is on a different journey.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 341 Tick the correct option. [1 × 5 = 5) i) A snow-covered forest in summer is found: a. noisy with birds’ sounds b. covered with dry leaves and sticks c. soundless and quiet without birds d. spell binding ii) In the past, the major misconceptions about birds during winter were: a. birds sleep in holes; hide in the mud or transform into other types of birds b. birds migrate to other warm places c. all birds die due to icy cold d. all birds die of hunger iii) Birds migrate during: a. summer season b. winter season c. rainy season d. autumn season iv) Birds can migrate: a. some kilometers only b. thousands miles away c. to the nearest forest d. hundreds miles away v) The migrating birds are compared with the marathon runners because: a. the marathon runners run as fast as they can b. run slowly at a pace saving their energy c. run with full energy from the beginning d. run fast towards the end 2. Read the text and do the activities that follow: [10] Battle of the Oranges All I can see is a flash of orange, and then I am hit in the chest. It knocks my breath away. I slide backwards, fall bum-first in a pile of orange mush. What the heck! I touch my head: my red hat is still there. During the carnival, official public notices are plastered on the walls around Ivrea, ordering people, especially tourists, to wear a red hat. Or else they can be considered a 'fair target for gentle and moderate orange-throwing'. The red hat people are ordered to wear is not just any hat. The berretto frigio, a sock-shaped hat sold on every street corner, is the symbol of the carnival itself. It is a symbol of freedom; worn in Roman times by freed slaves. During the Middle Ages it was on the heads of peasants rioting against feudal lords. Back on my feet, I make sure my hat is on, and visible. I want to get another look, but soon I am hit again on my forehead. My head jerks back, I wipe my face, oh my goodness, it's blood! I am going to need stitches, maybe it's a concussion!

342 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition - 10 Then I remember blood oranges. Shivering from_ the quick succession of shock and relief, I retreat to the back of the square, away from any flying fruit. This is the first of three yearly battles; everybody is fresh and excited from a year-long wait. Nine teams of aranceri (orange-throwers) on foot, wearing uniforms, hurl oranges at their opponents on horse-drawn carriages, clad in Doctor Whoesque costumes with padded shoulders and leather-covered cylindrical helmets. An hour into the battle, the square is covered in a thick sludge, mixture of orange pulp and horse manure. It smells sharp, sweet-and-sour. A. Choose the correct option. [5 × 1 = 5] i) The statement ‘It knocks my breath away.’ Is: a. The speaker felt difficulty in breathing. b. The speaker was frightened. c. The speaker was extremely shocked. d. the speaker was extremely happy ii) The tourists are requested to wear red hat a. not to be hit by the orange-throwers b. to be identified as tourists c. to celebrate the carnival joyfully d. to be hit by the orange–throwers iii) The red hat stands for a. slavery b. liberty c. feudalism d. idealism iv) The speaker was hit hard with an arrange again on a. his chest b. forehead c. head d. hand v) The square was covered in: a. piles of oranges b. horse manure c. thick sludge and mixture of orange pulp d. a thick sludge, mixture of orange pulp and horse manure B. Answer the following questions: [5 × 1 = 5] a. Why are the public notices plastered on the walls? b. What will happen to the tourists if they don’t wear red hats? c. What kind of hats are requested to wear? d. What happened to the speaker? e. Why did the speaker retreat back of the square?