พจนานุกรมศัพท์เกษตร agricultural_dictionary

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 164

A irrigation, sprinkleri °“√™≈ª√–∑“π·∫∫ isomorphous substitution °“√·∑π∑’Ë

B Ωπ‚ª√¬ √–À«“à ßÕπ¡ÿ Ÿ≈∑Ë’¡’®”π«πª√–®ÿ‡∑“à °π— , °“√

C irrigation efficiencyi ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ ·∑π∑¢Ë’ 𓥇∑à“
D
E ™≈ª√–∑“π isothermal condition  ¿“«–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡§‘ ß∑’Ë

F irrigation water πÈ”™≈ª√–∑“π, π”È ∑’∑Ë ¥„Àâ isthmus ∑Ë’«“à ß√–À«“à ߇ÀßÕ◊ ° (ª¡.)
G ·°à¥π‘ itchgrass À≠â“·¥ß («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

H irritant agent  “√æ‘…√∫°«π Rottboellia exaltata, L. F.)

I isobilateral leaf „∫∑¡’Ë º’ «‘ ¥“â π∫π·≈–¥“â π≈“à ß itchweed À¡“¡ÿଠ[«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

J §≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π Mucuma pruriens, (L.) DC.]

K isodiametric ¡‡’  πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“߇∑“à °π— ∑°ÿ ¥“â π ivory ß“ (™â“ß)
L ivy-arun æ≈¥Ÿ “à ß (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Scindap-
M isoelectric point ®¥ÿ ª√–®ÿ‡∑à“
sus pictus, Hassk.)
N isogametes ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»∑¡Ë’ ¢’ π“¥·≈–π ‘ ¬— §≈“â ¬°π—
O isogenic line ¥Ÿ line, isogenic ivy gourd µ”≈÷ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Coccinia

P isolate, to ·¬°‡™ÕÈ◊ , ∑”„À‚â ¥¥‡¥Ë’¬«, ·¬°‰ª indica, Wight.)

Q Õ¬Ÿ‚à ¥¥Ê

R

SJ

T jack ·¡à·√ß, ¬°‚¥¬„™â·¡·à √ß jack up ¬°¢÷Èπ
U jack wood ¢πÿπ≈–¡ÿ¥ (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈
V jack, hydraulic ·¡·à √ß∑’Ë„™â√–∫∫‰Œ‚¥√≈§‘
Artocarpus integrus, Merr.)
W jack, loading ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¬°, ·¡·à √߬°∫√√∑ÿ°*
X jack, log ·¡à·√߬°´ÿß* jamaica ‚§°°√– ÿπ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

Y jack, lumber ·¡à·√߬°‰¡â·ª√√ªŸ * Tribulus cistoides, L.)

Z jack, screw ·¡à·√ß∑’Ë„™√â –∫∫‡°≈’¬« ßà °”≈—ß jam, log ´ÿßµ¥‘ ·§â° (¿“…“∂Ë‘πæ“¬æ— ), ´ÿßµ‘¥

jack, sorting ∑ÿàπ°È—π§—¥´ÿß*  ¡ÿ

jack, trolley ·¡à·√ß∑Ë’¡’≈âÕ “¡“√∂‡≈Ë◊Õπ‰ª jambolan À«â“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Eugenia

¡“‰¥â –¥«° cumini, Druce.)

jack(er) chain ‚´à°«â“π*, ‚´™à –≈Õ§«“¡‡√Á« jammer 1. ‡§√ÕË◊ ߬°* (S. loader) 2. ªôπí ®—πË

(S. bull chain) √Ÿª A ∫π‡≈ÕË◊ π*

jack fruit ¢πÿπ (‰¡ºâ ≈„π °ÿ≈ Artocarpus janker √∂ “≈’Ë* (S. jinker)

heterophyllus, Lamk.) Japanese canna ∏√√¡√°— …“ ‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π

jack ladder  –æ“π´ÿß* (S. jack slip, jack  °≈ÿ Heliconia psittacorum)

works) Japanese lawn grass À≠â“≠Ë’ªÿÉπ [«—™æ™◊ ‡¢µ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

165

√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Zoysia matrella, (L.) Johnson grass À≠“â æß («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ A
B
Merr.] Sorghum halepense) C
D
Japanese pine ©”©“≠’˪ÿÉπ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ joint ¢Õâ µÕà , √Õ¬µÕà *, √Õ¬·¬°, °“√µàÕ E
F
Podocarpus macrophyllus, Don.) joint, butt °“√µÕà ™πÀ—«, √Õ¬µÕà ª≈“¬* (S. G
H
Japanese white pine  ¡¥¥— ≠ª’Ë πÉÿ (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— end point) I
J
„π °≈ÿ Pinus parviflora) joint, clinker √Õ¬µÕà ‡°¬* (S. lap joint) K
L
jaral flosreginae Õ‘π∑π≈‘ π”È (µπâ ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ joint, dried √Õ¬µàÕ‰¡µà ‘¥* (°“«) M
N
Lagerstroemia flosreginae, Retz.) joint, edge √Õ¬µàÕ¢â“ß* O
P
jarosite mottle ®ÿ¥ª√– ‡’ À≈◊Õßø“ߢ“â « joint, end °“√µÕà ™πÀ—«, √Õ¬µÕà ª≈“¬* Q
R
jasmine ¡–≈‘ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Jasminum joint, gap √Õ¬µàÕ‰¡ à π∑‘ * S
T
sambac, Ait.) joint, lap(ped) √Õ¬µàÕ‡°¬* U
V
jasmine, west Indian red ≈π—Ë ∑¡·¥ß (µπâ ‰¡â joint, open √Õ¬µÕà ¢“â ߉¡µà ¥‘ * W
X
„π °≈ÿ Plumeria rubra, L.) joint, scarf √Õ¬µÕà ‡©¬’ ß* Y
Z
jasmine, west Italian ‡¢¡Á ‡»√…∞’ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ joint, starved √Õ¬µÕà ‰¡à·πàπ*

Ixora congesta, Roxb.) joint, sunken √Õ¬µàÕ∫¡ÿã *

jaundice ‚√§¥´’ à“π joint, tongue(d) and groove(d) √Õ¬µàÕ

javanica ™¡æàŸ‡¢¬’ «, ™¡æàŸ·°¡â ·À¡¡à (‰¡ºâ ≈ ‡¢â“≈È‘π*

„π °≈ÿ Eugenia javanica, Lamk.) jointer ‰∂À«— À¡¢Ÿ 𓥇≈Á°∑µ’Ë ‘¥Õ¬ŸÀà π⓺“≈‰∂

jaw 1. ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬ 2. øíπ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬ 3. ∑‡Ë’  ¬’ ∫ª≈Í°— ‰ø ´Ë÷ß®–™à«¬æ≈‘°¥‘π°≈∫À≠â“ÀπⓉ∂°àÕπ∑Ë’

jay π°°“πÕâ ¬ (π°„π °≈ÿ Platysmurus sp.) ‰∂À—«À¡®Ÿ –∑”°“√‰∂

jejunum ≈”‰ ‡â ≈Á°µÕπ°≈“ß jointing 1. ¬à“ߪ≈âÕß 2. °“√‡¢â“‰¡â*, °“√

Jerusalem artichoke ∑“πµ–«—πÀ—« (‰¡â µàÕ‰¡â* 3. °“√ª√—∫√–¥—∫„∫¡’¥À√◊Õøíπ

¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Helianthus tuberosa, L.) ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬* (S. breasting) 4. °“√·µàß¡ÿ¡

Jew bush · ¬° (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Pedilan- §¡øíπ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬*

thus tithymaloides, Poit.) joint operation graphics ·ºπ∑¬’Ë ∑ÿ ∏°“√√«à ¡

jib §“πªíπô ®πË— * (S. boom) (ª∞.)

jig Õÿª°√≥®å —∫¬÷¥* joist ¢◊ÕË , µß*, §√à“«‡æ¥“π*

jigger §¥— ‰≈à‰¡*â („π√“ߪ≈àÕ¬‰¡â) joule (∑—∫»—æ∑å), Àπ૬«—¥æ≈—ßß“π§«“¡√âÕπ

Jimson weed ≈”‚æß («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °ÿ≈ (1 ·§≈Õ√’Ë = 4.184 ®Ÿ≈)

Datura stramonium, L.) jowl „µâ§“ß ÿ°√

jobûs tears ‡¥Õ◊ ¬ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Coix lachryma- judder °“√ Ëπ—  –‡∑◊Õπ* (S. shudder)

jobi, L.) juice 1. ¢Õ߇À≈«„πº≈‰¡â º—° ·≈–‡πÈÕ◊  —µ«å

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 166

A 2. πÈ”¬Õà ¬„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ 3.  °¥— ‡Õ“ jungle ª“É

B ¢Õ߇À≈«®“°º≈‰¡â º°— ·≈–‡πÕ◊È  —µ«å jungle fowl ‰°ªà É“

C juice sac ∂ßÿ ‡°Á∫π”È À«“πÀ√◊Õ¢Õ߇À≈«„πº≈ jungle nail °√–∂‘πæ‘¡“π (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
DE  â¡ ‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕ߇ª≈◊Õ°º≈™—Èπ„π Acacia siamensis, Craib. ·≈– Acacia
F ¢Õß ¡â tomentosa, Willd.)

G juicy ©”Ë , ¡π’ ”È ¡“° jungle rice À≠â“π° ™’ ¡æŸ, À≠“â °Õ [«™— æ◊™

H jumbo ‡≈Ë◊Õπ≈“°‰¡™â π‘¥ÀπË÷ß, ‡≈◊ÕË π®—¡‚∫* ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ Echinochloa colonum,

I jumper 1. ‡≈◊ËÕπ¢π¢Õß* 2. §πß“π (∑”‰¡â) (L.) Link.]

J ‡√*à 3. §¥— ™πÿ ∫∫’ *, ‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊ §¥— §≈Õ߇≈Õ◊Ë ¬ junk ‰¡‡â À≈¬’Ë ¡„À≠à*

K jumper, smoke (fire) æ≈√¡à ¥∫— ‰ø jute ªÕ°√–‡®“ (Ωí°°≈¡) (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈
L Corchorus capsularis, L.)
M jumper, stump ‡§√ËÕ◊ ߢÿ¥µÕ*
juvenile 1. ªÕ°√–‡®“ (Ω°í ¬“«) (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ
N jump saw ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬°√–¥°*
O june beetle ·¡≈ßπŸπ Corchorus olitorius, L.) 2. (æ™◊ )¬ß— ÕÕà π

P june drop °“√√à«ß¢Õߺ≈∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√º ¡ (‰¡ à “¡“√∂„Àâ¥Õ°º≈‰¥)â

Q ·≈â«·µàæ—≤π“‰¡à‡µÁ¡∑’Ë °“√‡®√‘≠®–À¬ÿ¥ juvenility §«“¡‡®√≠‘ ¬—߉¡à‡µÁ¡∑Ë’

R ™–ß°—

S

T

UK

V

W kaempfer °√–™“¬ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Kaempferia karanda ¡–𓫉¡√à ‚âŸ Àà (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Carissa

X pandurata, Roxb.) carandas, L.)

Y kaffer lime ¡–°√Ÿ¥ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Citrus karturai ·§ [µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Sesbania gran-

Z hystrix, DC.) diflora, (L.) Pers.]

kakora øí°¢â“« (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Momordica karyogamy °“√√«¡µ«— °π— ¢Õßπ«‘ ‡§≈¬’   2 Õπ—

cochinchinensis, Spreng.) karyokinesis °√–∫«π°“√·∫ßà 𑫇§≈¬’  

kamale tree ‚° ÿ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Mallotus karyolymph  “√∑Ë’æ∫‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°„π

philippinensis) 𑫇§≈’¬ 

kaolin ¥π‘ ¢“« karst (∑—∫»—æ∑å), æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀ‘πªŸπ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°πÈ”™–≈â“ß

kapok tree πàÿπ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Ceiba Àπ‘ ªπŸ ÕÕ°‰ª®πæπ◊È ∑‡’Ë ªπì µ–ª¡ÿÉ µ–ª”ò ‡µ¡Á

pentandra, Gaertn.) ‰ª¥â«¬À≈ÿ¡ ∫àÕ ∂È” ·≈–∑“ßπ”È „µâ¥‘π∑Ë’

karam °«â“«, ¢«â“« (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Adina πÈ”≈–≈“¬À‘πªŸπÀ“¬≈߉ª æÈ◊π∑’Ë·∫∫πÈ’®÷ß

cordifolia, Hook.) ¡—°‡ªìπ∑’Ë·Àâß·≈âß·≈–¡’∏“√π”È ∑Ë’π”È ‰À≈≈ß

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

167

∑’˵”Ë „πÀπâ“Ωπ ·µàµÕπª≈“¬∏“√πÈ”À“¬ acetic -β- hydroxy butylic ·≈– acetone A
B
‰ªÀ¡¥ „π‡≈◊Õ¥¡“°‡°π‘ ‰ª) C
D
kath(a) º≈°÷  ’‡ ’¬¥,  ‡’  ’¬¥‡∑»* key 1. ≈¡‘Ë * (Õ—¥√“ß√∂‰ø) 2. ·°π*, ‡ÕπÁ E
F
katydid 1. µ°Í— ‚µßà (·¡≈ß™π¥‘ Àπ÷Ëß) 2. ≈âÕ (S. hold, holt) G
H
≈“°‰¡â* keyhole notch √Õ¬‡®“–√Ÿª√Ÿ°ÿ≠·®* I
J
k.d. (kiln-dried) Õ∫·Àßâ * klasya pine  π “¡„∫ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Pinus K
L
keel  —𠇙àπ ∑Ë’¢È÷πµ“¡°≈’∫¥Õ°¢Õßæ◊™æ«° klasya, Royle.) M
N
À≠“â , §Ÿà¢Õß°≈’∫¥Õ° 2 °≈∫’ ∑’‡Ë ™◊ÕË ¡°—π kick ¥’¥*, ¥’¥°≈∫— * (S. back lash) O
P
Õ¬àŸ®π‡ªìπ°≈’∫‡¥’¬« ‡™àπ °≈’∫¥Õ°¢Õß kickback πÈ”¬“ «à π‡°π‘ (À≈ß— Õ—¥) («π.) Q
R
æ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ ∂—Ë«, ¡≈’ °— …≥–‡ªìπ√“ß¡’¢Õ∫ ßŸ kickback of preservative ª√‘¡“≥§◊π°≈—∫ S
T
¢È÷π ¢ÕßπÈ”¬“* (®“°‰¡â) («π.) U
V
keersel º≈÷° ’‡ ’¬¥,  ’‡ ’¬¥‡∑»* kid ≈Ÿ°·æ–À√Õ◊ ·°– W
X
keg 1. (∑—∫»—æ∑)å , Àπ૬π”È Àπ—°µ–ªŸ (1 keg kidding °“√µ°≈Ÿ° Y
Z
= 100 lbs.) 2. ∂—ß∫“√å‡√≈¢π“¥‡≈Á° kieselguhr ¥‘π‡∫“, ™Õ◊Ë ÀπËß÷ ¢Õß¥π‘ ‰¥Õ–µÕ¡

(®ÿπÕâ ¬°«à“ 10 ·°≈≈Õπ) killing ‰¡â¬—π* (S. Sampson)

kelp (∑—∫»—æ∑å),  “À√à“¬∑–‡≈™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß„™âπ” killing point (of preservative) ®¥ÿ ¶“à * (¢Õß

¡“º≈µ‘ ‡ªìπªÜ¬ÿ ‰¥â πÈ”¬“Õ“∫‰¡)â

kenaf ªÕ·°«â §«‘ ∫“, ªÕ·°â«‰∑¬ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·Àâß™π‘¥ÀπËß÷

Hibiscus cannabinus, L. ·≈– Hibis- kiln, blower ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡ªÉ“*

cus sabdariffa, L.) kiln, charcoal ‡µ“‡º“∂à“π*

kenite (∑∫— »—æ∑å), ™ÕË◊ ÀπËß÷ ¢Õß¥π‘ ‰¥Õ–µÕ¡ kiln, compartment ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫ÀÕâ ß*

keratitis ‚√§°√–®°µ“Õ—°‡ ∫ kiln, condenser : kiln, condensing ‡µ“Õ∫

kerf 1. √Õ¬∫“°≈“à ß*, √Õ¬∫“°Àπ“â * 2. §≈Õß ·∫∫§«∫·ππà *

‡≈Ë◊Õ¬* (S. curf, saw kerk) kiln, continuous ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫µàÕ‡πË◊Õß*

kerf, saw §≈Õ߇≈◊ËÕ¬ (¥Ÿ kerf) (S. progressive kiln, tunnel kiln)

kernel ‡¡≈¥Á „π, ‡¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ™◊ , ‡¡≈¥Á æ◊™∑·’Ë °à kiln, cross-shaft ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡æ≈“µ“¡¢«“ß*

·≈«â ‡™àπ ‡¡≈¥Á ¢â“«‚æ¥,  à«π¿“¬„π¢Õß kiln, curtain ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫¡“à π*

‡¡≈¥Á ¡ ’ ß‘Ë ÀÕà À¡âÿ (integuments) ≈Õâ ¡√Õ∫ kiln, dry(ing) ‡µ“Õ∫* (S. drier)

ketchup ´Õ , ´Õ ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‡∑» (¥Ÿ catchup) kiln, external fan ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫æ—¥≈¡

ketosis ‚√§™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß∑”„Àâ —µ«åæ«°«—«π¡ ¿“¬πÕ°*

ÕÕà π‡æ≈’¬ ‡∫Ë◊ÕÕ“À“√ ·≈–ª√¡‘ “≥πÈ”π¡ kiln, forced circulation ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡√àß

≈¥≈ß (‡°‘¥®“°æ‘…¢Õß “√æ«° aceto Õ“°“»À¡ÿπ‡«¬’ π*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 168

A kiln, furnace ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫„™â‡µ“‡º“* π°°‘πª≈“ (π°„π«ß»å Alcidinidae sp.)
kino 1. ™—πÀ√◊Õ¬“ß ’·¥ß (¡’·∑ππ‘π¡“°)
B kiln, internal fan ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫楗 ≈¡¿“¬„π*
2. ‰¡â®”æ«°∑Õß°«“« 3. ¬“߉¡âæ«°
C kiln, longitudinal shaft ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫„™â ∑Õß°«“« §≈“â ¬ ‡’  ’¬¥ (S. gum kino)
D kiss-me-quick æ∑ÿ ∏™“¥ ‡’ À≈Õ◊ ß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π
E ‡æ≈“µ“¡¬“«*  °ÿ≈ Brunfelsia hopeana, Beath.)
kite 1. ‡À¬Ë’¬« 2. «à“« 3. „∫‡√◊Õºπ◊ ∑’ÕË ¬∫àŸ π
F kiln, natural circulation ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫„™â ¬Õ¥‡ “
G Õ“°“»À¡ÿπ‡«’¬πµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘* knapp balk ‰¡‡â ª¥î ªï° ÕßÀπ“â *
knapsack Õÿª°√≥å∑ ’Ë –擬‰«â∫πÀ≈ß—
H kiln, progressive ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫µÕà ‡π◊ËÕß* knapsack cutter ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßµ¥— À≠â“·∫∫ –擬
À≈—ß
I kiln, recirculating ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫„™âÕ“°“» knapsack duster ‡§√◊ËÕßæàπ “√‡§¡’™π‘¥ΩÉÿπ
·∫∫ –擬À≈ß—
J À¡ÿπ‡«¬’ π´”È * knapsack seeder ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ«à“π‡¡≈Á¥·∫∫
 –擬À≈ß—
K kiln, smoke ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫√¡§«π— * knapsack sprayer ‡§√◊ËÕßæàπ “√‡§¡’·∫∫
L  –擬À≈ß—
M kiln, steam-jet ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫æàπ‰Õπ”È * knead §≈ß÷ , π«¥, ªíôπ
knee 1. √“°√ªŸ ‡¢“à , °ß‘Ë °ß 2. ‰¡§â ¥* (S. crook)
N kiln, tunnel ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫µàÕ‡πÕË◊ ß* 3. ©“°‡≈ÕË◊ π*
O kiln, ventilating ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫√–∫“¬Õ“°“»* knife „∫¡¥’ * (S. cutter)
knife, bush ¡’¥¢Õ, æ√â“À«¥*
P kiln, water spray ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫æπà π”È *

Q kiln burn √Õ¬¥“à ß®“°°“√Õ∫* (S. kiln stain)

R kiln charge ª√‘¡“≥Õ∫µÕà §√ß—È *

S kiln-dry Õ∫, Õ∫·Àâß*
T
U kiln-dry moisture content ª√‘¡“≥

V §«“¡™πÈ◊ Õ∫·Àâß*
W kiln run 1. ‡«≈“Õ∫µÕà §√Èß— * 2. ª√‘¡“µ√‰¡â

X Õ∫µàÕ§√ß—È *

Y kiln sample µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ∫*, ‰¡âµ—«Õ¬à“ß („π

Z ‡µ“Õ∫)

kiln schedule µ“√“ßÕ∫*(‰¡â) (S. drying knife, draw ¡¥’ ¢¥Ÿ * (S. shave)

schedule) knife, riving 1.¡¥’ º“à * 2.·ºπà ‡À≈°Á °π— Àπ∫’ *

kiln seasoning °“√∑”„À≡â·Àßâ ¥«â ¬‡µ“Õ∫* knife angle ¡¡ÿ ª√—∫„∫¡’¥, ¡¡ÿ ªÕ°¡¡ÿ Ω“π*

kiln stain √Õ¬¥à“ß* (®“°°“√Õ∫) (S. kiln (S. knife pitch)

burn) knife angle mechanism, variable °“√

kiln transfer truck √∂¢π∂“à ¬* („π°“√Õ∫‰¡)â ª√∫— ¡¡ÿ ªÕ°Õµ— ‚π¡µ— ,‘ °≈‰°ª√∫— ¡¡ÿ ªÕ°*

kiln truck √∂∫√√∑°ÿ ‰¡â* (‡¢â“‡µ“Õ∫) knife bevel Àπ“â §¡¡’¥*

kingdom Õ“≥“®—°√ knife clip µ—«Àπ’∫„∫¡¥’ µ—¥·∫∫‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑’Ë ≈—∫

kingfisher π°°√–‡µπÁ , π°°”°«¡ π°ª°í À≈°— , øπí ª≈“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

169

knifed ‡´“–√Õà ߥ«â ¬„∫¡’¥ knot, sound µ“·¢ßÁ µπ— * A
B
knife height §«“¡ Ÿß§¡¡’¥* (ªÕ°‰¡)â knot, splay µ“Àπ“¡, µ“√Ÿª‡¥◊Õ¬* C
D
knife pitch ¡ÿ¡ªÕ°¡ÿ¡Ω“π* knot, tight µ“·πàπ* E
F
knint-shed ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ‡¢µ°√√¡∑Ë’„™â°—∫æ◊™∑’Ë knot, unsound µ“º*ÿ G
H
ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ√àÕß ¡’„∫¡’¥À≈“¬Õ—π‡™Ë◊Õ¡µ‘¥ knot cluster µ“√«à ¡, °≈ÿࡵ“* I
J
°—∫§“π·≈–®“π‡ªìπ√–¬–Ê Àà“ß°—πæÕ knot hole √µŸ “* (‰¡)â , ™Õà ßµ“ (‰¡â) K
L
 ¡§«√ knotting °“√≈¥‘ °Ëß‘ *, °“√≈¥‘ µ“* M
N
knock-down 1. µ¥— ‰ø≈“¡ 2. Õ—µ√“µ“¬∑π— ∑’ knot root foxtail À≠â“À“ßÀ¡“ [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ O
P
(°’Ø.) √âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Setaria geniculata, (Lam) Q
R
knoll ‡ππ‘ , ¿‡Ÿ ¢“≈Ÿ°‡≈Á°Ê , ‡¢“‡µ’Ȭ Beauv.] S
T
knot µ“* (‰¡)â , ª¡ (¥Ÿ gall) knur : knure ªÉÿ¡‰¡â U
V
knot, blind µ“(‰¡)â ª¥î * koel π°¥ÿ‡À«à“ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Eudynamys W
X
knot, branch µ“°ßË‘ * scolopacca) Y
Z
knot, dead µ“(‰¡â)µ“¬* kohlrabi °–À≈Ë”ª¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Brassica

knot, enclosed µ“´Õà π„π* oleracea, L. var. caulorapa, Pasq.)

knot, hollow µ“°≈«ß* (S. pitch knot) kokko ®“¡®ÿ√’ (¥Ÿ Indian walnut)

knot, live µ“‡ªìπ* kouprey ‚§‰æ√ ( —µ«å„π °≈ÿ Bos sauveli)

knot, loose µ“À≈«¡* kwashiorkor Õ“°“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√®”æ«°

knot, pin µ“‡¢Á¡, µ“¢π“¥®‘Ϋ* ‚ª√µπ’ ·≈–§“√‚å ∫‰Œ‡¥√µ (‡°¥‘ °∫— ‡¥°Á Õ“¬ÿ

knot, pith µ“°≈«ß* 1-3 ª)ï

knot, punk µ“ºÿ¡“°* kyllinga À≠â“°°¥Õ°¢“« («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π

knot, round µ“°≈¡*  °≈ÿ Kyllinga monocephala)

L

label ©≈“° labile √Ÿª¢Õß “√∑Ë’ “¡“√∂‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ
labeling ©≈“°·≈–‡Õ° “√ æ™◊ À√Õ◊ ®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬å‰¥∑â π— ∑’

labellum °√–‡ªÜ“ (°≈’∫¥Õ°«ß„πÕ—πÀπË÷ß„π labiate °≈∫’ ¥Õ°∑¡’Ë ≈’ —°…≥–‡«â“·À«àß
®”π«π 3 °≈’∫¢Õߥհ°≈«â ¬‰¡â´÷ËßÀÕà µ—« lac §√Ë—ß*

‡ªπì °√–‡ªÜ“ ‡√¬’ °Õ°’ Õ¬“à ßÀπßË÷ «à“ lip) lac, button §√Ëß— ·«àπ*

labernum ™¬— 惰…å (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Cassia lac, seed §√ß—Ë ‡¡Á¥*

nodosa, Ham.) lac, shel : shellac §√˗߇°≈Á¥*, ‡™≈·≈§

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 170

A lac, sticklac §√—ßË ¥∫‘ * lagwood ∑Õà πøóπ
Lamarkism ∑ƒ…Æ’Õ—π‡°Ë’¬«°—∫«‘«—≤π“°“√
B lacerate §≈⓬Àπ“¡, √Õ¬∑‡’Ë «â“≈÷°≈߉ªÕ¬“à ß
¢Õß Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘µ ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß
C ‰¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫¬’ ∫ acquired character
D lamb ·°–√àπÿ , ‡π◊ÕÈ ·°–√πàÿ
E lac insect µ«— §√—Ëß lamella ·ºàπÀ√◊ՙȗπ∫“ßÊ
lamella, middle ™πÈ— ‡™ÕË◊ ¡‡´≈≈å* (S. inter-
F laciniate ¡≈’ °— …≥–‡ªìπ·©°Ê ‡™πà ¢Õ∫„∫¢Õß cellular layer)
G æ™◊ ∫“ß™π¥‘ lamellate ¡’·ºπà §≈“â ¬§√’∫ª≈“
lamina(e) 1. ·ºàπ„∫,  à«π¢“â ßÊ „∫æ™◊ ∑Ë’¡’§¡
H lack of dominance ¥Ÿ gene, additive (S. leaf blade) 2. ™π—È *, ·ºπà (‰¡ªâ √–°∫— )
laminant «— ¥ÿª√– “π
I lacolith À‘πÕ—§π’√ªŸ ‡ÀÁ¥ laminated ·∫∫ª√–°∫— , ª√– “π, ‡√¬’ ߇ªπì ™π—È Ê
laminated beam §“π‰¡ªâ √–°—∫*
J lactation °“√„Àπâ ¡ laminated bending °“√¥¥— ª√–°∫— *
laminated construction °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫
K lactiferous ¡¬’ “ßÀ√◊Õ¢Õ߇À≈«§≈“â ¬πÈ”π¡ ª√–°—∫, °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫ª√– “π
L laminated wood ‰¡âª√–°—∫, ‰¡âª√– “π
M lactometer ¡“µ√π”È π¡ lamination °“√´âÕπ‡√¬’ ß°π— ‡ªìπ™πÈ— Ê
lamin board ·ºπà ‰¡Õâ ¥— ‰ â‰¡ªâ √–°—∫µßÈ— *
N lactose π”È µ“≈π¡ lamivated ‡ªπì ™È—πÊ À√Õ◊ ·ºàπ∫“ßÊ
O lacuna ™àÕß«à“ß lammas shoot ÀπàÕæÈ◊πµ—«
lanate ¢πª¬ÿ
P lacustrine deposit ¥‘π∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°∑–‡≈ “ª,

Q µ–°Õπ∑–‡≈ “ª,  ßË‘ ∑—∫∂¡„π∑–‡≈ “ª

R lacustrine plain ∑’√Ë “∫∑–‡≈ “ªµπ◊È ‡¢‘π

S ladder, bucking ·∑àπ∑Õπ‰¡*â
T
U ladder, jack  –æ“π´ßÿ *, √“ߢπÈ÷ ´ßÿ , ∑“ߢ÷Èπ

V ´ÿß
W lady of the night √“µ√’ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

X Cestrum nocturnum, L.)

Y lady palm ®ß—Î (ª“≈¡å „π °≈ÿ Rhapis excelsa,

Z Henry.)

lageniform √ªŸ πÈ”‡µâ“ lanceolate √Ÿª§≈⓬„∫ÀÕ°, ≈—°…≥–√’¡’∞“π

lagging ‰¡â°π— ¥π‘ * („π‡À¡◊Õß·√)à °«â“ߪ≈“¬‡√¬’ «

lagoon (∑—∫»æ— ∑)å 1. ∑–‡≈ “ªπ”È ‡§¡Á , ·Õßà lancet ≈“ß “¥ (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Lansium

π”È ‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–·§∫ µ◊Èπ ‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ domesticum, Corr.) (S. lansium)

√–À«à“ß·ºπà ¥‘π„À≠à°—∫‡°“– π— ¥Õπ À√Õ◊ land, agricultural æÈ◊π∑Ë’Ê „™â„π°“√º≈‘µ

°—∫‡∑◊Õ°ª–°“√—ß 2. ·Õàßπ”È ®◊¥‡≈Á°Ê „π ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ‡™πà „™â„π°“√ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ ‡≈¬È’ ß

∑–‡≈ “ª¢π“¥„À≠àÀ√◊Õ·¡àπ”È ‡°‘¥¢È÷π  µ— «å

®“°°“√∑Ë’¡’ —π¥Õπ¡“ªî¥°—Èπ à«π„¥ à«π land, arable æÈπ◊ ∑ÊË’ ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫µ— ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ

ÀπËß÷ ¢Õß∑–‡≈ “ªÀ√◊Õ·¡àπÈ”‰«â ¥’ µâÕß°“√°“√§√“¥‰∂æ√«π‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

171

πÕâ ¬°Á “¡“√∂ª≈Ÿ°æ™◊ ‰¥¥â ’ land development °“√æ—≤π“∑’¥Ë π‘ A
B
land, arid æ◊πÈ ∑Ë’·Àâß·≈ßâ land economics ‡»√…∞»“ µ√å∑’Ë¥π‘ C
D
land, bad æ◊Èπ∑Ë’Ê ª≈Õà ¬‰«â«à“߇ª≈à“‡æ√“–‰¡à landform ∏√≥ ’ —≥∞“π, ¿¡Ÿ ‘ ≥— ∞“π, ≈°— …≥– E
F
 “¡“√∂ª≈Ÿ°æ™◊ ‰¥â ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°¥‘π∂Ÿ°™–≈â“ß ·ºπà ¥π‘ G
H
‡ªπì æÈ◊π∑’ˉ¡ à ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ ¡≈’ ”À«â ¬ºà“πÀ≈“¬ land fragmentation °“√·∫ßà °√√¡ ∑‘ ∏Ï‘∑’¥Ë ‘π I
J
·Àßà ‡ªπì ·ª≈߇≈°Á ·ª≈ßπâÕ¬ K
L
land, crop ∑ËÊ’ „™â ”À√∫— °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ◊™¬°‡«πâ landing 1. À¡Õπ√«¡‰¡â* («π.) 2. ∑à“‡√Õ◊ (S. M
N
ª“É ‰¡â log dump, yard) O
P
land, crown ∑Ë’¥‘π¢ÕßÀ≈«ß land management °“√®—¥°“√∑¥Ë’ π‘ Q
R
land, forest ∑Ê’Ë „™ â ”À√∫— ∑”ªÉ“‰¡â ª≈°Ÿ ‰¡â∑’Ë land mass ¡«≈·ºàπ¥π‘ S
T
¡Õ’ “¬ÿ¬“«π“π land plain ‡§√◊ÕË ßª√∫— √–¥—∫æ◊Èππ“ U
V
land, grazing ∑Ë’ ”À√—∫ª≈Ÿ°À≠â“„Àâ —µ«å land reclamation °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß∫”√ßÿ ¥π‘ , °“√ W
X
‡¢â“‰ª‡≈Á¡ À√◊Õª≈Ÿ°À≠Ⓡ≈’Ȭߠ—µ«å À√◊Õ ∑”„Àâ¥‘π¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√º≈‘µ¡“° Y
Z
„™â„π°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™§≈ÿ¡ æ◊™À¡πÿ ‡«’¬π ¢÷Èπ‚¥¬°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π≈—°…≥–‡¥‘¡¢Õß Ë‘ß

land, marginal ∑¥Ë’ π‘ ™“¬¢Õ∫ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡

land, plane ‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√¢π“¥„À≠à„™â ”À√—∫ land reform °“√ªØ‘√ªŸ ∑’Ë¥π‘

ª√“∫æ◊Èπ¥π‘ „Àâ√“∫‡√’¬∫ land resources ∑√æ— ¬“°√∑’Ë¥‘π

land, scab æ◊Èπ¥‘π∑Ë’¡’À‘π‚º≈à¢È÷πµ“¡º‘«¥‘π land resources development °“√æ—≤π“

À≈“¬Ê ·Ààß À√Õ◊ ‡ªπì ¥‘π∑’Ë¡‡’ °≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸ ‰¡à ∑√æ— ¬“°√∑¥’Ë ‘π

 “¡“√∂ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™‰¥â landscape ¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–‡∑», ¿Ÿ¡‘∑—»πå*, ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“æ,

land, waste æ◊Èπ∑∑Ë’ «Ë— ‰ª´÷ßË ‰¡ à “¡“√∂„™â„π°“√ æÈ◊π∑Ë’Ê ¡’≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√

‡æ“–ª≈°Ÿ À√◊Õ„™ªâ √–‚¬™π剥⠰√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å

land appraisal °“√ª√–‡¡π‘ √“§“∑Ë¥’ ‘π landscape gardening °“√∑” «π‰¡ªâ √–¥—∫

land capability classification °“√®”·π° landscape ornamentals «‘™“«à“¥â«¬°“√

 ¡√√∂π–∑’Ë¥‘π µ°·µàß ∂“π∑’Ë

land capability map ·ºπ∑’Ë ¡√√∂π–∑¥Ë’ π‘ landside ·ºàπ¥—π¢â“ß (·ºàπ‡À≈Á°¥â“π¢â“߉∂

land classification °“√·∫àß™π‘¥¢ÕßæπÈ◊ ∑Ë¥’ π‘ À«— À¡Ÿ µ¥‘ °∫—  «à π≈“à ߢÕß„∫‰∂ ™«à ¬√∫— ·√ß

∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–µ“¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂„𠥓â π¢“â ß·≈–™«à ¬‰¡à„Àâ‰∂·°«ßà ¢≥–∑”ß“π)

°“√º≈‘µ landside heel  π— ‰∂

land clearing and improvement °“√∫°ÿ - landslide ·ºπà ¥‘π∂≈¡à *, ·ºπà ¥π‘ ‡≈ÕË◊ π

‡∫‘°ª√—∫ª√ÿßæπ◊È ∑Ë’π“ landtax ¿“…∑’ ’Ë¥π‘

land consolidation °“√®—¥√Ÿª∑’Ë¥π‘ landtax, graduated °“√‡°Á∫¿“…’∑Ë’¥‘π·∫∫

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 172

A ¿“…‡’  √¡‘ lateral band ·∂∫¢â“ßµ«— ª≈“ (ª¡.)
lateral row ·π«¢â“ßµ—«ª≈“
B land tenure °“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’¥Ë π‘ laterite ¥π‘ ≈°Ÿ √ß— , ¥π‘ ·¥ß, »≈‘ “·≈ß
laterites, pisolitic °√«¥≈°Ÿ √—ß
C land type ™π‘¥¢ÕßæÈ◊π∑Ë’Ê ·∫àßÕÕ°µ“¡ laterites, vesicular ¥π‘ »‘≈“·≈ß
D lateritic soil ¥‘π π¡‘ ‡À≈°Á , ¥‘π≈°Ÿ √—ß
E ≈—°…≥–¢Õߥ‘π ≈¡øÑ“Õ“°“» ≈—°…≥– laterization °“√·ª√ ¿“懪πì ≈°Ÿ √ß— À√Õ◊ »≈‘ “-

F ¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–‡∑» À‘π·≈–æ◊™æ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ„π ·≈ß, °“√‡°¥‘ »≈‘ “·≈ß
G æ◊πÈ ∑Ë’π—ÈπÊ late variety æ—π∏Àÿå π—°
late wood ‡πÕÈ◊ ‰¡ªâ ≈“¬ƒ¥*Ÿ (°“√‡µ∫‘ ‚µ≈¥≈ß)
H land use °“√„™∑â ’¥Ë ‘π latex πÈ”¬“ß*
latex trace √Õ¬πÈ”¬“ß*
I land use planning °“√«“ß·ºπ°“√„™∑â ¥’Ë π‘ latex tube ∑àÕπÈ”¬“ß*
lath ‰¡â√–·πß*
J land utilization °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå∑’Ë¥π‘ lath, sowing : lath, seeding ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¬Õ¥

K land value tax °“√ª√–‡¡π‘ ¿“…∑’ Ë¥’ ‘π ‡¡≈¥Á
L lath house ‡√◊Õπ‡æ“–™”∑’Ë √â“ߢÈ÷π¥â«¬‰¡â
M langurs : leaf monkey §à“ß
√–·π߇æ◊ËÕ„Àâ· ß·≈–≈¡ºà“π‡¢â“ÕÕ°
N lantana º°“°√Õß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °≈ÿ Lantana  –¥«°
O camara, L. ·≈– Lantana canescens, laticifer ‡´≈≈πå ”È ¬“ß*, ‡´≈≈Àå √◊Õ°≈ÿࡇ´≈≈å∑Ë’
¡¢’ Õ߇À≈«À√◊Õ¬“ß ’¢“«Ê
P L.) latitude ‡ âπ√ÿâß, ‡ πâ «‘∂—π¥√
latosol ¥‘π·¥ß
Q lanulose ¢πªÿ¬ —Èπ¡“°

R lap(ped) joint √Õ¬µàÕ‡°¬*

S lap wing π°°√–·µ·µ·â «â¥, π°µÕâ ¬µ‘«‘¥
T
U lap wood ‡»…‰¡âª≈“¬‰¡â*

V large crab grass À≠⓵’ππ° [«™— æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ
W „π °ÿ≈ Digitaria sanguinalis, (L.)

X Scop.]

Y lark π°®“∫Ωπ

Z larva ÀπÕπ, µ—«ÕÕà π¢Õß µ— «‡å ≈°Á Ê (·¡≈ß∑Ë’

‰¢à„ππÈ”·≈–ª≈“) laughing thrush π°°√–√“ß (π°„π °ÿ≈

latch 1. °≈Õπ,  ≈°— 2. ¬÷¥µ¥‘ °—π¥â«¬ ≈—° Garrulax sp.)

latent bud µ“·Ωß ‡ªìπµ“∑’Ëæ°— µ—« ®–‡®√≠‘ µàÕ laurel √°øÑ“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Terminalia

‰ª‡¡◊ÕË  ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡‡À¡“– ¡ tomentosa, Presl.)

latent disease ‡™È◊Õ·Õ∫·Ωß (‡™ÕÈ◊ ‚√§∑Ë’‡¢â“‰ª lava ≈“«“*, À‘π≈“«“

Õ¬Ÿà„πæ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«å·≈â« ·µà¬—߉¡à· ¥ß lawn  π“¡À≠“â

Õ“°“√ÕÕ°¡“) lax À≈«¡

lateral ¥“â π¢â“ß,  «à π∑ˇ’ °‘¥µ“¡¥â“π¢â“ß (‡™àπ lay, to ÕÕ°‰¢à, «“߉¢à

°ßË‘ ‰¡â §≈Õß ´Õ¬ œ≈œ) lay-by ∑æË’ —°√∂√‘¡∑“ß*, ∑ÀË’ ≈°’ √∂* (S. turn-

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

173

out) π”È À√◊ÕπÈ”¬“ A
B
layer 1. ‰°à‰¢à ( «.) 2. ™È—π¢Õߺ‘«Àπ—ß leached-zone ore  ‘π·√à„π™—Èπ∑Ë’∂°Ÿ ™–≈â“ß C
D
layer, to ∑“∫°‘Ëß, µÕπ°Ëß‘ leaching °“√™–≈â“ß*, °“√™–≈–≈“¬, °“√ E
F
layer, annual «ß√Õ∫ª,ï ™È—π«ßªï* ‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬“â ¬«—µ∂µÿ à“ßÊ „π√Ÿª “√≈–≈“¬ G
H
layer, growth ™πÈ— °“√‡æ¡‘Ë æπŸ , ™πÈ— °“√‡µ∫‘ ‚µ* leaching fraction  ¥—  à«π°“√™–≈–≈“¬ I
J
layer, impeding ™—ÈπÀπ‘ ∑÷∫πÈ” leaching requirement §«“¡µâÕß°“√™–- K
L
layering °“√∑—∫°Ë‘ß, °“√µÕπ°‘Ëß (°“√∑”„Àâ ≈–≈“¬ M
N
 à«π¢Õßæ◊™‡°‘¥√“°¢≥–∑Ë’¬—ßµ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà°—∫µâπ lead 1.  à«π‡©¬’ ß* („∫‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬) 2. ‡ πâ ∑“ß ßà O
P
·¡)à ÕÕ°* 3. √Õ°π”* (S. lead block) Q
R
layering, air (marcotting) °“√µÕπ lead block √Õ°π”* S
T
layering, compound (serpentine) °“√∑—∫ leader ¬Õ¥π”, °Ë‘߬ե,  à«π∑Ë’µÕà ®“°≈”µπâ U
V
°Ëß‘ ‡™ß‘ ´âÕπ ¢Èπ÷ ‰ª W
X
layering, simple °“√∑∫— °ß‘Ë ·∫∫ßà“¬ leader, multiple ¬Õ¥π”§«∫ Y
Z
layering, stool (mound) °“√∑∫— °ßË‘ ·∫∫°≈∫ leader type (training) °“√·µßà °Ë‘ß‚¥¬∑ßÈ‘ °Ëß‘

‚§π ¬Õ¥ (leader) ‰«â ·≈–¡’°‘Ëß„À≠à·¬°ÕÕ°

layering, tip °“√∑∫— °‘ßË ·∫∫ª≈“¬∑¡‘Ë ∑”„Àâ∑√ßæàÿ¡¥Ÿ§≈⓬ªî√“¡‘¥ ‡√’¬°Õ’°

layering, trench °“√∑—∫°Ëß‘ ·∫∫§Ÿ Õ¬“à ßÀπß÷Ë «“à çpyramid typeé

laying ∑’Ë„À≢à lead-in °“√µ—È߇≈ÕË◊ ¬µ∫— ‡ÕπÀπ“â *

laying in °“√∫“°°“π* (S. rounding up, lead line  “¬≈“°*

setting up) lead wort 欗∫À¡Õ° (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

lay-up 1. ‰¡â‡√’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕÕ—¥ 2.  ‘Ëߪ√–π—ß* Plumbago capensis, Thumb)

(S. assembly) leaf axil ¡ÿ¡ß“à ¡„∫

LD (lethal dose of 50 percent; median leaf bird π°‡¢’¬«°â“πµÕß (π°„π °ÿ≈
50
lethal dose) ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√æ‘…∑Ë’∑”„Àâ Chloropsis sp.)

 —µ«å∑¥≈Õßµ“¬‰ª§√Ë÷ßÀπ÷Ëß (50 leaf blade ·ºπà „∫

‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå) ∫Õ°‡ªìπ ¡°. µàÕπ”È Àπ—° leaf bud µ“„∫

 —µ«å∑¥≈Õß 1 °°. (‡™àπ LD = 75 leafiness °“√¡’„∫¡“°À√◊ÕπâÕ¬
50

À¡“¬§«“¡«“à  µ— «∑å ¥≈ÕßÀπ°— µ«— ≈– 1 °°. leaflet „∫¬Õà ¬

®”π«π 100 µ—« °‘π “√π’ȇ¢â“‰ªµ—«≈– 75 leaf miner ÀπÕπ™Õπ„∫

¡°.  µ— «å®–µ“¬‰ª 50 µ—«) leaf mould „∫‰¡ºâ ÿ

leach ™–≈â“ß leaf mustard º°— °“¥‡¢¬’ « (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Bras-

leachate  “√≈–≈“¬∑Ë’‰¥®â “°°“√™–≈“â ß¥π‘ ¥«â ¬ sica juncea, Coss.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 174

A leaf primordium ®ÿ¥°”‡π‘¥„∫ lengths, odd §«“¡¬“«§Ë’* (øÿµ), §«“¡¬“«
§≈–* („™â„π À√∞— Õ‡¡√°‘ “)
B leaf-root √“°®“°„∫
lens stereoscope °≈âÕß¡Õß¿“æ “¡¡µ‘ ™‘ π‘¥
C leaf scar √Õ¬·º≈‡ªπì ∫πµπâ À√◊Õ°Ëß‘ À≈—ß®“° ‡≈π å
D
E ∑’Ë„∫√«à ßÀ≈àπ‰ª·≈«â lenticel √ÀŸ “¬„®* (≈”µâπ, √“°), √Ÿ‡≈Á°Ê „π
periderm ¢Õ߉¡‡â π◊ÕÈ ·¢Áß
F leaf sheath °“∫„∫
G leaf spot ‚√§„∫®¥ÿ lenticular √Ÿª°√– «¬
lenticular ray √—»¡’√Ÿª°√– «¬*
H leaf stock °â“π„∫ (¥Ÿ petiole) leopard, clouded ‡ ◊Õ≈“¬‡¡¶ ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈

I leafy bladder wort  “À√à“¬¥Õ°‡À≈◊Õß Neofelis nebulosa)
leopard of panther ‡ ◊Õ¥“«, ‡ Õ◊ ¥” ( —µ«å
J («—™æ◊™π”È „π °ÿ≈ Utricularia foliosa,
„π °ÿ≈ Panthora pardus)
K L.) lepidote º‘«¡‡’ °≈Á¥¢“«
L leptospirosis ‚√§∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ®“°‡™Õ◊È spirochete „π
M lean ‡π◊ÈÕ·¥ß, ‡πÕÈ◊  «à π∑’¡Ë ’‰¢¡—ππâÕ¬
‚§ °√–∫◊Õ ·æ– ·°– ∑”„Àâ≈Ÿ°¡’‚≈À‘µ
N lease, timber  ¡— ª∑“π°“√∑”‰¡â ‡ªπì æ…‘ ‡°¥‘ °“√·∑ßâ „π µ— «å π”È π¡≈¥ ‡¬ÕË◊
O leathery ≈°— …≥–§≈“â ¬¢ππ° µ“Õ°— ‡ ∫ π”È ≈“¬‰À≈ °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ·¢Áßµß÷
lesion ·º≈‚√§, √Õ¬‚√§, «‘°“√ (Õ“°“√º‘¥
P leaven ∑”„Àøâ ,Ÿ  “√∑∑Ë’ ”„ÀâøŸ (‡™à𠇙È◊Õ¬’ µå ª√°µ‘¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬Ë◊Õ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°
‚√§)
Q ‚´‡¥’¬¡§“√å∫Õ‡πµ) letdown °“√ª≈àÕ¬À√Õ◊ ¢—∫ÕÕ°¡“ (‡™àπ °“√
ª≈àÕ¬π”È π¡ÕÕ°®“°‡µâ“)
R leek °√–‡∑¬’ ¡„∫ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Allium porrum, lethal  “√À√◊Õªí®®¬— ∑“ßæπ— ∏ÿ°√√¡∑’∑Ë ”„À⇰‘¥

S L.)
T
U leeward ¥“â πÕ∫— ≈¡

V legend §”Õ∏‘∫“¬ ≠— ≈°— …≥å
W legitimate family µπâ æ™◊ ∑’ˉ¥¡â “®“°æàÕ·¡´à Ë÷ß

X √Ÿâª√–«µ— ‘

Y legume Ωí°¢Õßæ◊™µ√–°≈Ÿ ∂—Ë«, º≈‡¥Ë¬’ «∑’Ë·µ°

Z ‰¥â ‡«≈“·µ°®–·µ°µ“¡µ–‡¢∫Á º≈∑Èß—  Õß

¢â“ß (S. pod) °“√µ“¬¢π÷È „πÕ‘π∑√’¬å∑¡Ë’ ’ “√¥—ß°≈à“«

lemma °≈’∫¥Õ°Õ—π„π¢Õßæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈À≠“â lethal, to ∑”„Àµâ “¬, √⓬·√ß

lemon ¡–π“«Ω√ßË— (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Citrus lemon, lethal factors ¬π’ ´Ëß÷ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬àŸ„π ¿“æ homo-

Burm. f.) zygous ®–‡ªìπæ‘…‚¥¬∑“ß„¥∑“ßÀπË÷ß

lemonade π”È ¡–π“« (‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¥◊¡Ë ) ∑”„Àæâ ™◊ À√Õ◊  µ— «∑å Ë’¡¬’ ’π¥—ß°≈“à «πÈ’µ“¬

lemon grass µ–‰§√â [æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Cymbopo- lethality √“â ¬·√ß, ∂÷ßµ“¬

gon citrattus, (DC.) Stapf.] lettuce º—°°“¥ÀÕ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Lactuca

length, gauge ™à«ß§«“¡¬“«‡ ’¬√Ÿª*, ™à«ß«—¥ sativa, L.)

°“√‡ ¬’ √ªŸ lettuce, asparagus º—°°“¥ÀÕ¡„∫ΩÕ¬

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

175

(æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Lactuca sativa, L. var. lift ™«à ߬° (ªπôí ®Ëπ— )* A
B
asparagina) lift, to ∂Õπ¬“â ¬ C
D
lettuce, cos º°— °“¥ÀÕ¡„∫ÀÕà ¬“« (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ lift net ∫“¡ (‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ¥—° —µ«åπ”È ≈—°…≥– E
F
Lactuca sativa, L. var. longifloria) §≈⓬°—∫¬Õ¬° ·µà‡Õ“·¢π¬Õ‰«¥â “â π≈“à ß) G
H
lettuce, curled º—°°“¥ÀÕ¡„∫À¬‘° (æ◊™„π lift net, big ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊ÕÕ«πæ«°°«“â π¬° I
J
 °≈ÿ Lactuca sativa, L. var. crispa) lift net, boats Õ«π¬° (Õ«π√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈Ë’¬¡ K
L
lettuce, head º—°°“¥ÀÕ¡ÀàÕ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ ®µÿ√ — ¢π“¥„À≠à „™‡â √◊Õ 4 ≈”ªŸÕ«π ‡¡Ë◊Õ M
N
Lactuca sativa, L. var. capitata) ª≈“‡¢â“„πÕ«π·≈â«®ß÷ ¬°¢÷Èπæ√Õâ ¡Ê °—π) O
P
leucoplast plastid ∑’ˉ¡à¡ ’ ’ lift net, hand ¬Õ (‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡◊Õª√–¡ßª√–‡¿∑ Q
R
leukosis ‚√§µ—∫„À≠à„π µ— «åªï° Õ«π™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß ‡ªìπ√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈Ë’¬¡®µÿ√— ¡’§—π S
T
levee  π— ¥‘π,  π— √¡‘ ·¡àπÈ”,  π— ¥π‘ √¡‘ πÈ” ‰¡âºŸ°™“¬Õ«π∑È—ß ’Ë¥â“π ¡’§—π¬° „™â«“ß U
V
lever ߥ— , §“πß—¥ ¥°—  µ— «åπÈ”„π∑˵’ Èπ◊ ‚¥¬∑—«Ë ‰ª) W
X
lever-operated ∑”ß“π¥«â ¬À≈—°¢Õߧ“πß—¥ lift truck √∂¬°·∫∫ßà“¡* Y
Z
leza wood ‡ ≈“‡ª≈◊Õ°∫“ß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ ligament ‡ÕπÁ , µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡√–À«“à ßÕ«—¬«– Õß™‘Èπ

Legerstroemia tomentosa, Presl.) light ( ’) ÕàÕπ, ®“ß (ª∞.)

liana : liane æ◊™‡∂“, ‡∂“«≈— ¬å light demander æ™◊ ™Õ∫· ß

libido §«“¡§÷°§–πÕß∑“߇æ», §«“¡ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å lightning shake √Õ¬√“â «®“°·√ßÕ¥— , √Õ¬√“â «

æ—π∏åÿ„πµ—«ºŸâ ®“°æ“¬ÿΩπ

libitum ¥Ÿ ad libitum light pruning °“√µ¥— ·µàß∑’µË ¥— ‡Õ“‡πÈ◊Õ∑ÊË’ ®–

licence, timber „∫Õπ≠ÿ “µ „À¥â Õ°º≈ÕÕ°ª√–¡“≥ 5 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå

lichenology «∑‘ ¬“‰≈‡§π light requirement §«“¡µâÕß°“√· ß

lichens (∑—∫»æ— ∑)å , ¢’ȵ–‰§√πà ”È , æ™◊ ∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“° light soil ¥‘π‡π◊ÕÈ À¬“∫

°“√Õ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ√à«¡°—∫√–À«à“߇™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥√“°—∫ light stain √Õ¬¥“à ß ®’ “ß*

 “À√“à ¬ lightwood ‰¡ â π¬“ß¡“°*

lid ‰¡â√ÕßÀ«— ‡ “Õÿ‚¡ß§å*, §“πÀ—«‡ “Õ‚ÿ ¡ß§å light yolk ‰¢à·¥ß «à π∑Ë’¡ ’ ®’ “ß

lid, foot ‰¡√â Õßµ’π‡ “Õÿ‚¡ß§å* ligneous ∑”¥â«¬‰¡â, ‡ªπì ‡πÕ◊È ‰¡â

life, pot Õ“¬ÿ°“«º ¡* lignification °“√·ª√ ¿“懪πì ≈°‘ ππ‘ *, °“√

life, shelf Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫ (°“«)* ‡§≈Õ◊ ∫¢Õß≈‘°π‘π∫πºπß— ‡´≈≈å

life, working Õ“¬°ÿ “«º ¡* lignify, to °≈“¬‡ªπì ‰¡â

life cycle ™’æ®°— √, «—Ø®°— √™’«‘µ lignin ≈‘°π‘π* (Õ‘π∑√’¬ “√∑Ë’¡’§“√å∫Õπ Ÿß

life span Õ“¬ÿ¢¬— §≈⓬‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈  ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠

lifetime ™Ë—«™«’ ‘µ ¢Õ߇πÈ◊Õ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¡â ‡ªìπ “√∑Ë’ —µ«å¬àÕ¬‰¡à‰¥â

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 176

A ·≈–¢—¥¢«“ß°“√¬àÕ¬) lily)
lily, water ∫—«°‘𠓬, ∫«— ¢¡, ∫«— ®ß°≈≥,’ ∫«—
B ligniperdous ∑”≈“¬‰¡â
·¥ß ∫«— ·©° (¥Ÿ water lily)
C lignose : lignous ‡ªπì ‰¡â limb °‘Ëß°“â π,  «à π¢Õß°≈’∫¥Õ°∑¬Ë’ ◊ËπÕÕ°¡“
D limbing °“√≈¥‘ °Ëß‘ *
E lignostone ‰¡âÕ¥— ·¢Áß* lime 1. ªπŸ ¢“«, À‘πªπŸ (ª∞.) 2. ¡–π“« (æ◊™

F ligulate ≈—°…≥–‡ªπì ·ºàπ§≈⓬≈πÈ‘ , √Ÿª≈π‘È * „π °≈ÿ Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle
G ligule 1. ≈‘Èπ°“∫, µ‘ËßÀ√◊Õ «à π∑’¬Ë ◊ËπÕÕ°¡“®“° ·≈– Citrus medica, L.) 3. ¡–𓫇∑»
(æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Citrus trifolia, P. wils.)
H ¢âÕµàÕ√–À«à“ß°â“π„∫°—∫„∫„πæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈ lime, agriculture ªπŸ ∑“߇°…µ√
lime, burned : lime, burnt ªπŸ  °ÿ
I À≠â“ 2.  à«π¢Õߥհ∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ lime, carbonate of ¥π‘  ÕæÕß
lime, caustic ªπŸ  ÿ°
J ·©°À√Õ◊ √—»¡’ ‡™πà „π¥Õ°∑“πµ–«π— lime, fluid ªπŸ ¢“«‡À≈«
lime, hydrated ªπŸ ¢“« [Ca(OH) ]
K liguum aloes °ƒ…≥“, ‰¡Àâ Õ¡ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ
L 2
M Aquilarea agallocha, Roxb.)
lime, kaffer : lime, leech ¡–°√Ÿ¥ (¥Ÿ kaffer
N lily 1. ∫—«º—π, ∫—«‡ºË◊Õπ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ lime)
O Nymphaea cyanea, Roxb. ·≈–
lime, lump ªŸπ °ÿ
P Nymphaea stellata, Wild.) 2. æ≈—∫ lime, quick ªπŸ  ÿ°
lime, slaked ªπŸ ¢“« [Ca(OH) ]
Q æ≈÷ß, æ≈—∫æ≈÷ߥհ·¥ß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈
2
R Crinum asiaticum, L. ·≈– Crinum
lime, unslacked ªπŸ  ÿ°
S asiaticum, Donn) lime concretion ¡«≈ªπŸ æÕ°
T lime-juice π”È ¡–π“« (‡§√◊ÕË ß¥◊Ë¡)
U lily, Amazon ∫—««‘§µÕ‡√’¬ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

V Victoria regia, Lindl.)
W lily, black ¡—ß°√¥” (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Tacca

X chantrieri, Andre.)

Y lily, Barbados «“à π ’Ë∑‘» (¥Ÿ Barbados lily)

Z lily, Brisbane «à“ππ°§ÿà¡, «à“ππ“ß°«—°

(¥Ÿ Brisbane lily) lime pan ™π—È ¥“πÀ‘πªŸπ

lily, fairy (∫—«Ω√—Ëß, ∫—«®’π (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ lime requirement §«“¡µâÕß°“√ªπŸ (ª√‘¡“≥

Zephyranthus rosea, Lindl.) ªŸπ¢“«∑Ë’µâÕß„ à≈߉ª„π¥‘π‡æË◊Õ·°â§«“¡

lily, giant water ∫«— «‘§µÕ‡√’¬ (¥Ÿ Amazon ‡ªπì °√¥¢Õß¥π‘ „À¥â π‘ ¡ª’ Ø°‘ √‘ ¬‘ “‡ªπì °≈“ß)

lily) limestone À‘πªŸπ*, À‘π∑Ë’ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

lily, impala ™«π™¡ (¥Ÿ impala lily) ·§≈‡´’¬Ë ¡§“√∫å Õ‡πµ

lily, powder puff «“à π· ßÕ“∑µ‘ ¬å (¥Ÿ blood liming °“√„ ªà πŸ ¢“«

flower) liming material «— ¥ªÿ πŸ , «— ¥ªÿ Ÿπ‡°…µ√

lily, royal water ∫«— «§‘ µÕ‡√¬’ (¥Ÿ Amazon liming material, agricultural « — ¥ªÿ πŸ , « — ¥ÿ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

177

ªŸπ‡°…µ√ line, trip  “¬¥÷ß°≈∫— * A
B
limit, proportional ¢’¥®”°—¥§π◊ √Ÿª* line, yarding  “¬≈“°* C
D
limnocharis π“ß°«°— , µ“≈ªµí √ƒÂ…’, ∫«— °«°— linear 1. ≈—°…≥–·§∫¬“« ‡™àπ „∫À≠â“ E
F
[«—™æ◊™π”È „π °ÿ≈ Limnocharis flava, 2. µ“¡¬“« G
H
(L.) Buchen.] linear pit À≈¡ÿ ºπ—߇´≈≈·å ∫∫‡ âπ* I
J
limnology ™≈∏“√«∑‘ ¬“ lineate ‡ªπì ‡ âπ K
L
limnoria ‡æ√¬’ ß°ßâÿ * (S. gribble) line breeding ¥Ÿ inbreeding M
N
line 1.  “¬æπ— ∏ÿå (æ∏.) 2.  “¬* («π.) line of descent  “¬æπ— ∏åÿ O
P
line, aerial  “¬À≈—°≈Õ¬øÑ“* line out, to ™”, ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ·∂« Q
R
line, back  “¬¥÷ß°≈∫— * line selection °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ° “¬æπ— ∏åÿ S
T
line, drag  “¬≈“°* link ‚´à, À«à ß, µàÕ¬¥÷ °π— U
V
line, grass  “¬™«à ¬* link, chain ¢âÕ‚´à W
X
line, guy  “¬√–¬“ß* link, drag ‚´à≈“° (‚´à Èπ— Ê ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÀ¬Õ¥ Y
Z
line, haul-back  “¬¥÷ß°≈—∫* ‡¡≈¥Á „™â≈“°°≈∫¥π‘ ‚¥¬‰¡à∑”„À¥â ‘π·πàπ

line, inbred  “¬æπ— ∏·ÿå ∑â ®π‡°π‘ ‰ª)

line, isogenic æ◊™´÷Ëß¡’ —≥∞“π∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ linkage °“√‡°“–°≈¡àÿ ¢Õ߬’π, °“√‡°¬’Ë «‚¬ß´÷ßË

‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— ∑°ÿ Õ¬“à ߬°‡«πâ ¬π’ (gene) ‰¡°à §Ë’ Ÿà °—π·≈–°—π¢Õ߬’πµà“ßÊ ∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡

(æ∏.) ‡¥’¬«°—π, ¬’π∑Ë’· ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏åÕ—π

line, lead  “¬≈“°* ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¡’µ”·ÀπàßÕ¬àŸ∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡

line, main  “¬≈“°* ‡¥¬’ «°π—

line, move  “¬¬“â ¬‡§√◊ÕË ß°«“â π* linkage group °≈àÿ¡¢Õ߬’π∑È—ßÀ¡¥∫π

line, operating  “¬≈“°* ‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µ≈à –·∑ßà

line, pull-back  “¬¥÷ß°≈—∫* linkage map º—ß· ¥ßµ”·Àπßà ¢Õß¬π’ ·µà≈–

line, return  “¬¥ß÷ °≈∫— * µ—«∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡

line, sister  “¬æ—π∏å´ÿ Ëß÷ ¡æ’ àÕ·¡√à «¡°—π lionûs ear ©—µ√æ√–Õ‘π∑√å [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π

line, skidder : line, skidding  “¬≈“°*  °≈ÿ Leonotis nepetaefolia, (L.) R.Br.]

line, sky  “¬À≈°— ≈Õ¬øÑ“* lip 1. √“ß*, √“ß√Õß («π.) 2. ¥Ÿ labellum

line, slack (pulling)  “¬≈“°À¬Õà π* lipase π”È ¬àÕ¬∑’ˬàÕ¬‰¢¡—π„À⇪ìπ°≈’‡´Õ√’π

line, spotting  “¬‡∑’¬∫√∂*,  “¬‡≈◊ËÕπ√∂, ·≈–°√¥‰¢¡—π

 “¬∫—ߧ∫— √∂ lipolytic ‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¬Õà ¬‰¢¡—πÀ√◊Õπ”È ¡—π

line, straw  “¬™à«¬* lipophillic ™Õ∫‰¢¡π—

line, track  “¬À≈°— ≈Õ¬øÑ“* liquefaction °“√∑”„Àâ‡À≈«, °“√≈¥§«“¡

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 178

A Àπ◊¥‡Àπ¬’ « little barnyard grass À≠â“π° ’™¡æŸ, À≠“â
°Õ [«™— æ◊™‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °ÿ≈ Echinochloa
B liquefy ∑”„Àâ‡À≈«, ≈¥§«“¡Àπ◊¥‡À𒬫 colonum, (L.) Link.]

C liquid glue °“«‡À≈«* little iron weed À≠â“≈–ÕÕß («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π
D „π °ÿ≈ Vernonia cineria)
E liquid fertilizer ª¬Üÿ πÈ”, ª¬Üÿ ‡À≈«
littoral ™“¬∑–‡≈
F liquid limit : LL ¢’¥®”°—¥§«“¡‡À≈« live burning °“√‡º“ ¥*
G liquid white ‰¢àπ”È §â“ß (‰¢à¢“«‡À≈«Ê) live knot µ“(‰¡â)‡ªìπ*
live load(ing) ¿“√–®√, π”È Àπ°— (∫√√∑ÿ°)®√*
H liquor ‡À≈“â , ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¥Ë¡◊ ∑¡’Ë ·’ Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈≈™å π‘¥ live roll(er)s ≈°Ÿ °≈‘Èß°”≈ß— *
livestock ª» ÿ µ— «å (‚¥¬∑«Ë— ‰ªÀ¡“¬∂ß÷  µ— «å„À≠à
I Àπ÷Ëß ¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈≈å√âÕ¬≈– 30 ·≈–
‡™πà ‚§ °√–∫◊Õ)
J π”È µ“≈√âÕ¬≈– 50 „™â¥◊¡Ë À≈ß— Õ“À“√ livestock renching °“√‡≈Ȭ’ ߪ» ÿ µ— «å
liveweight πÈ”Àπ—°µ«— , π”È Àπ°— ¡’™«’ ‘µ
K liquor, black πÈ”¬“„™·â ≈«â , π”È ¬“¥”* living fossil æ™◊ ∑¬Ë’ ß— ¡‡’ À≈Õ◊ Õ¬‡àŸ 欒 ß™π¥‘ ‡¥¬’ «
L
M liquor, sulphite : liquor, waste πÈ”¬“´≈— ‰ø∑å „πÕπ— ¥∫— (order) À√Õ◊  °≈ÿ (genus) [‡™πà
µπâ ·ª–Ö °«ä ¬À√Õ◊ maidenhair tree (Ginko
N ∑Ë’„™â·≈â«* biloba)]
O lishing °“√¬°≈Ÿ°ø°Ÿ lizard ‡≈ËÕ◊ π‰¡âßà“¡*
LNG : liquefied natural gas °“´∏√√¡™“µ‘
P lista ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ° ‘°√√¡™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß „™â„π°“√‰∂ ‡À≈«
load(ing) 1. « — ¥ÿπ”È æ“ 2. ¿“√–*, πÈ”Àπ°—
Q ‡æÕË◊ ¬°√Õà ß ”À√∫— ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ ‡™πà ¢“â «‚æ¥ ∂«—Ë ∫√√∑ÿ°* 3. ª√‘¡“≥¥¥Ÿ ´¡÷ *

R litchi ≈πÈ‘ ®Ë’ (‰¡ºâ ≈„π °ÿ≈ Litchi chinensis,

S Sonn. ·≈– Nephelium litchi)
T
U lithic contact ·π« ¡— º— Àπ‘ ·¢Áß

V lithologic discontinuity §«“¡‰¡µà Õà ‡πÕË◊ ß∑“ß
W ∏√≥«’ ∑‘ ¬“

X lithology «‘∑¬“À‘π

Y lithosol (skeleton soil) ¥‘π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß™—Èπ

Z ¢Õߥ‘π¬—߉¡à· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ™—¥

ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬À‘π∑Ë’·µ°ÕÕ°¡“‚¥¬¬—߉¡à load, axial π”È Àπ°— µ“¡·π«·°π*

∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ ≈“¬µ—«Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å æÈ◊π∑’ˇªìπ load, bucking πÈ”Àπ—°°¥‚§ßâ *

∑Ë≈’ “¥™—π¡“° (lithorock) load, bunk ´ßÿ ∫√√∑ÿ°™È—π≈“à ß

lithosphere º‘«‚≈°, ‡ª≈◊Õ°‚≈°, ∏√≥’¿“§, load, centre-point πÈ”Àπ°— µ√ß®ÿ¥°ß÷Ë °≈“ß*

Àπ‘ ¥“π load, concentrated π”È Àπ—°µ√߇©æ“–®ÿ¥*

litter 1. «— ¥ÿ√ÕßæÈ◊π (‡™àπ ·°≈∫ ¢È’‡≈Ë◊Õ¬) load, dead π”È Àπ°— §ß∑*’Ë

2. ‡»…´“°æ◊™, ‡»…°‘Ë߉¡â„∫‰¡â∑’Ë°Õß load, distributed π”È Àπ—°°√–®“¬*

∑—∫∂¡Õ¬Ÿà∫πº‘«¥‘π 3. §√Õ° (≈Ÿ° —µ«å∑Ë’ load, eccentric π”È Àπ—°πÕ°·π«·°π*

‡°‘¥„π§√“«‡¥’¬«°—π) load, four-point π”È Àπ—° ®Ë’ ¥ÿ *

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

179

load, impact πÈ”Àπ°— °√–·∑°* (S. shock humilis ·≈– Heliconia plalystachys) A
B
load) lobule ∂ÿß, °√–‡ª“–‡≈Á°Ê „π µ— «å‡≈Ȭ’ ß≈Ÿ°¥«â ¬ C
D
load, live π”È Àπ°— ®√* π¡ E
F
load, long duration πÈ”Àπ—°√–¬–¬“«* local ‡©æ“–∑’Ë, ‡©æ“–∑âÕß∂Ëπ‘ G
H
load, maximum π”È Àπ—° Ÿß ¥ÿ * localisation °“√ª√–®”∑’Ë I
J
load, moving π”È Àπ°— ‡≈ÕË◊ π* (S. load, roll- locality ∑âÕß∂πË‘ K
L
ing) locality, factor of ª®í ®¬— ∑Õâ ß∂‘Ëπ M
N
load, proof π”È Àπ—°√∫— √Õß* locality class ™—πÈ §≥ÿ ¿“æ∑Õâ ß∂Ë‘π O
P
load, rolling π”È Àπ—°°≈Èß‘ * (S. load, mov- loci ¥Ÿ locus Q
R
ing) locule ™Õà ß«“à ß¿“¬„π√ß— ‰¢Õà “®¡¡’ “°°«“à 1 ™Õà ß S
T
load, safe π”È Àπ—°ª≈Õ¥¿—¬* loculicidal ·µ°µ“¡·π«°Ë÷ß°≈“ߢÕßæŸ√ß— ‰¢à U
V
load, shock π”È Àπ°— °√–·∑°* locus ®ÿ¥À√Õ◊ µ”·Àπàß∑’ÕË ¬¢àŸ Õß¬π’ ·µà≈–µ«— ∫π W
X
load, static πÈ”Àπ—° ∂‘µ* ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ Y
Z
load-deformation curve °√“øπ”È Àπ—°µàÕ locust µ—°Í ·µπ

°“√‡ ’¬√ªŸ * lodge, to ≈â¡, ≈⡧â“ß, ≈“°§â“ß, ‡Õπ√“∫

loader ‡§√◊ËÕ߬°* (S. jammer) (S. hang-up)

loader, front-end ¥Ÿ loader, front mounted lodicule  à«π¢Õßæ◊™∑’¡Ë ≈’ °— …≥–∫“ßÊ ‡°¥‘ Õ¬àŸ

loader, front mounted ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬°∑Ë¡’ ’™Èπ‘  à«π ∫π∫√‡‘ «≥∞“π¢Õß√ß— ‰¢¢à Õßæ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ À≠“â

´Ë÷ß„™®â —∫« — ¥ÿµ¥‘ Õ¬¥àŸ â“πÀπ“â ®–æÕß‚µ·≈–¥—π‡Õ“°≈’∫πÕ°¢Õߥհ

loader, gripper ‡§√ËÕ◊ ߬°™π¥‘ ¡◊ÕÀπ’∫ „À‡â ªî¥ÕÕ°‡¡◊ÕË ∂÷ߧ√“«¥Õ°∫“π

loading jack ·¡·à √߬°∫√√∑°ÿ * loess ¥π‘ ≈¡ÀÕ∫*

loading tripod ªπôí ®—Ëπ “¡¢“* log ´ÿß*

loam ¥‘π√«à π log, to 1. ∑Õπ‡ªìπ´ÿß* 2. ∑”‰¡â*

loam, tropical red ¥π‘ ·¥ß√«à π log, binding ´ÿß∑∫— µ√÷ß‚´*à

loamy sand ¥π‘ √«à πªπ∑√“¬ ¡°— ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ log, breastwork À≈—°°π— ´ßÿ *

¥‘π‡Àπ¬’ « ¥‘πµ–°Õπ ∑√“¬ ·≈–°√«¥ log, butt ´ÿß∑àÕπ‚§π* (S. butt length)

lobe °≈∫’ , æ,Ÿ ≈Õπ,  à«π¢ÕߥհÀ√Õ◊ „∫∑¡Ë’ ’ log, die-squared ´ÿ߇À≈ˬ’ ¡‡µÁ¡*

≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ÀŸ„∫ ‡°‘¥®“°°“√À¬—°À√◊Õ log, head ´ÿßπ”*, ´ÿß∞“ππ”*, ´ÿß∑Õà πª≈“¬*

‡«â“¢Õß «à ππ—ÈπÊ (S. top log)

lobed ‡ªπì À¬°— * log, peeler ´ÿ߉¡âªÕ°*

lobster claw °≈⫬°“â ¡°ßÿâ , °≈⫬°“â ¡°âßÿ (™àÕ log, piped ´ßÿ °≈«ß*

ÀâÕ¬) (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ Heliconia log, round ´ÿß, ´ßÿ °≈¡*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 180

A log, saw ´ßÿ ‰¡‡â ≈Õ◊Ë ¬* (S. sawtimber) logging and cutting, over °“√∑”‰¡Àâ √Õ◊ µ¥—
‰¡âÕÕ°¡“°‡°‘π‰ª
B log, squared ´ßÿ ‰¡â‡À≈’ˬ¡*
logging arch §“π‚§ßâ , ‡À≈°Á ‚§ßâ * (¬°À—«´ßÿ )
C log, stay ∑’¬Ë ÷¥´ÿß* (·∫∫§√ßË÷ ªÕ°§√÷ËßΩ“π) logging depot ª“ß∑”‰¡â*
D logging locomotive √∂®—°√≈“°‰¡*â
E log, top ´ßÿ ∑àÕπª≈“¬* (S. head log) logging methods «‘∏’°“√∑”‰¡*â
logging scissors §’¡®∫— ´ÿß*
F log, trap ´ßÿ ¥°— ·¡≈ß logging sled(ge) ‡≈◊ËÕπ≈“°‰¡*â
G log, veneer ´ßÿ ‰¡∫â “ß* logging tongs §¡’ ®∫— ´ßÿ *
logging wheels ≈Õâ ≈“°‰¡*â (S. big wheels,
H log boat ‡≈Õ◊Ë π≈“°´ÿß*
high wheels, katydid, slip-tongue cart,
I log carriage ·∑πà ªÕÑ π´ßÿ * (S. saw carriage) sulky, timber wheels, whim, whin)
log haul-up  –æ“π´ÿß* (S. hoist, jack lad-
J log chute √“ß´ÿß, √“ߪ≈Õà ¬´ÿß* der, jack slip, jack works)
log jack ·¡·à √߬°´ßÿ *
K log deck 1. À¡Õπ‰¡*â , °Õß´ßÿ (S. deck) log jam µ¥‘  ¡ÿ * (擬—æ), µ‘¥·§°Á *
L log kicker ‡§√Ë◊Õߺ≈°— ´ßÿ *
M 2. ™“πæ°— ´ßÿ * (S. mill deck) 3. ∑≈Ë’ ߉¡*â log lift ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬°´ßÿ *
log mark ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßÀ¡“¬´ßÿ *
N log dump 1. À¡Õπ√«¡‰¡â* 2. ∑≈’Ë ß‰¡*â log pond ∫àÕ´ßÿ *, ∫àÕ‡°Á∫´ÿß (S. mill pond)
O logger §πß“π∑”‰¡â*, §π∑Õπ‰¡â* log rules µ“√“߉¡·â ª√√ªŸ ®“°´ßÿ *
log run ª√‘¡“≥‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª‰¥â (‰¡à√«¡‰¡â
P (S. bucheron, lumberjack) §≥ÿ ¿“æµË”  ”À√∫— ‰¡â„∫°«“â ß)

Q logger, hand §πß“π∑”‰¡â¥â«¬·√ß*

R logger, truck §π¢—∫√∂≈“°‰¡â, §πß“π∑”‰¡â

S ¥«â ¬√∂*
T
U logging °“√∑”‰¡*â (S. lumbering)

V logging, full-tree °“√∑”‰¡∑â ß—È µπâ * (S. log-
W ging, whole tree)

X logging, hot °“√∑”‰¡¥â à«π*

Y logging, integrated °“√∑”‰¡â‡æ◊ËÕÕ‡π°

Z ª√–‚¬™π,å °“√∑”‰¡‡â ∫Á¥‡ √®Á *

logging, log-length °“√∑”‰¡â∑àÕπ —Èπ* log saw ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‡ª¥î ª°ï

(S. logging, shortwood) log scale 1. °“√ª√–‡¡π‘ ‰¡â·ª√√ªŸ * (®“°´ßÿ )

logging, long °“√∑”‰¡â‚¥¬∑Õπ‡ªìπ∑àÕπ 2. °“√«—¥´ßÿ * 3. ‰¡«â ¥— *

‡¥¬’ «µ≈Õ¥≈”µâπ log-scale board foot ∫Õ√¥å øµÿ ´ßÿ *

logging, selective °“√∑”‰¡·â ∫∫‡≈Õ◊ °µ¥— , °“√ log sled(ge) ‡≈ÕË◊ π≈“°´ßÿ * (S. scoot)

‡øπÑ µ¥— log tally ∫≠— ™’´ÿß*

logging, shortwood °“√∑”‰¡â∑àÕπ Èπ— * log tramway ∑“ß√∂√“ߢπ´ÿß*

logging, whole tree °“√∑”‰¡∑â ßÈ— µπâ * (S. log- log turner ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßæ≈°‘ ´ßÿ * (S. nigger)

ging, full-tree) logwood 1. ‰¡â∑Ë’„Àâ ’™π‘¥Àπ÷ßË 2. ∑àÕπøóπ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

181

loin ‡π◊ÈÕ —π, æ◊Èπ∑ËÀ’ π“â µ¥— ‡πÈÕ◊  —π, ∫È—π‡Õ« lookout tower (fire) ÀÕ√–«—߉ø A
B
loment º≈¢Õßæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈∂—Ë«™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß ¡’‡¬◊ËÕ loop «Ø— ®°— √, §√∫«ß®√, «ß√Õ∫ C
D
·∫ßà ºπß— ÕÕ°‡ªπì µÕπÊ ·µ≈à –µÕπ¡‡’ ¡≈¥Á looped comb ÀßÕπæ—∫, ÀßÕπ‡æ≈à E
F
1 ‡¡≈¥Á ‡™àπ Ω°í √“™æƒ°…å ‡ªìπµπâ looper ÀπÕπ§◊∫ G
H
longan ≈”‰¬ (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Euphoria loose (‡πÈÕ◊ ¥‘π) ≈ÿଠ(ª∞.) I
J
longana, Lamk.) loose face Àπ“â À¬“∫* (‰¡∫â “ß) K
L
long butt À«— ´ßÿ µ¥— ∑ß‘È * loose floating °“√≈Õà ß´ÿ߇¥’¬Ë «*, °“√ª≈àÕ¬ M
N
long column ‡ “¬“«* §«“¬* O
P
long cord §Õ√¥å ¬“«* loose knot µ“(‰¡â)À≈«¡* Q
R
long duration load(ing) π”È Àπ—°√–¬–¬“«* loose side Àπ“â À¬“∫* (‰¡∫â “ß) (S. slack face, S
T
longevity √–¬–‡«≈“∑¡Ë’ ’™«’ ‘µÕ¬Ÿà slack side, loose face) U
V
longhorn beetle ¥«â ßÀ𫥬“«* loose spot ®¥ÿ À¬àÕπ* (∫π„∫‡≈Ë◊Õ¬) W
X
longitude ‡ πâ ·«ß, ‡ πâ ±‘¶¡— æ√ loose veneer ‰¡â∫“ßÀπâ“À¬“∫* Y
Z
longitudinal heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¢π“π loose volume ª√¡‘ “µ√°Õß*

·π«°“«* loosen grain ‡ ¬È’ πª√‘*

longitudinal shaft kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡æ≈“ lop, to √“π°ßË‘ *, ≈¥‘ °‘ßË *

µ“¡¬“«* lop and top 1. °ßË‘ ‰¡âª≈“¬‰¡â* (S. top and

longitudinal wall ºπ—߇´≈≈¥å “â 𬓫* lop) 2. ≈¥‘ °Ë‘ß≈‘¥¬Õ¥

long line, baited ‡∫¥Á √“«‡°’ˬ«‡À¬ËÕ◊ lopping and scattering °“√µ¥— ·≈–‡°≈’ˬ*

long line, none baited ‡∫Á¥√“«‰¡‡à °’ˬ«‡À¬Õ◊Ë (‡»…‰¡ªâ ≈“¬‰¡â)

long pepper ¥’ª≈’ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Piper chaba, loquat ‚≈§«∑— , ¡â ≠ª’Ë πÿÉ ™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ (‰¡ºâ ≈„π °≈ÿ

Hunt.) Eriobotrya japonica, Lindl.)

longshore bar  —π¥Õ𙓬Ωßíò * lorikeet π°À°‡≈Á°, π°¢â“« “√ (π°„π °ÿ≈

longwood ‰¡âµ—∫¬“«* Loriculus sp.)

loofah ∫«∫, ∫«∫ÀÕ¡ (¥Ÿ dish rag gourd) loss acceptable (fire) §«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑’Ë

lookout (fire) ¬“¡√–«ß— ‰ø,  ∂“π’√–«—߉ø ¬Õ¡√∫— ‰¥â

lookout cabin (fire) ÀÕâ ß√–«—߉ø love chain æ«ß™¡æ,Ÿ æ«ß𓧠(‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ

lookout dispatcher (fire) ¬“¡ ÕË◊ ¢“à «‰ø Antigonon leptopus, Hook & Arn.)

lookout house (fire) Õ“§“√√–«—߉ø love grass À≠Ⓡ®â“™Ÿâ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °≈ÿ
lookout petrolman (fire) ¬“¡µ√«®‰ø Chrysopogon aciculatus, Trin.)
lookout point (fire) ®ÿ¥√–«—߉ø
lookout station (fire)  ∂“π’√–«ß— ‰ø low activity clay ¥‘π‡À𒬫°®‘ °√√¡µË”
lower limit æ°‘ —¥≈à“ß

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 182

A low-headed ¡’§«“¡ Ÿß®“°º‘«¥‘π∂ß÷ °Ë‘ß·√°‰¡à lumber pilling °“√°Õ߉¡â (S. pilling, tim-
ber)
B ‡°‘π 2.5-3.0 øµÿ
lumber standards ¡“µ√∞“π‰¡·â ª√√ªŸ
C lowland ∑Ë≈’ à¡ÿ , ∑’˵”Ë lumen ™àÕ߇´≈≈å, ™àÕß«à“ß¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å≈âÕ¡

D lowland soil ¥π‘ ∑≈’Ë àÿ¡ √Õ∫¥â«¬ºπ—߇´≈≈åÀπ“, ™àÕß«à“ß, ™àÕß
E °≈«ß
F low terrace µ–æ—°≈”π”È √–¥—∫µË” luminous crop æ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈∂«—Ë
lumping °“√®—∫µ«— ‡ªπì °Õâ π
G low voltage heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¥â«¬ lunate ‚§â߇ªπì «ß
H ‰øøÑ“·√ߵ˔* luxuriance °“√∑’Ë≈Ÿ°º ¡· ¥ß≈—°…≥–
I LPG : liquefied petrolium gas °“´ªî‚µ√- „¥≈—°…≥–Àπ÷Ëß (¡—°À¡“¬∂÷ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß
§≥ÿ ¿“æ) ¥’°«“à æÕà ·¡à
J ‡≈¬’ ¡‡À≈« luxuriant ‡®√≠‘ ßÕ°ß“¡
luxury consumption °“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢“â ‰ª – ¡„π
K luffing √–¬–™à«ß¬°¢Õߪôíπ®Ë—π, °“√¬°¢÷Èπ≈ß ª√¡‘ “≥∑’¡Ë “°‡°‘πæÕ
luxury uptake °“√¥¥Ÿ ´÷¡‡°‘πæÕ
L ¢Õߪπíô ®π—Ë * (S. derriking) lye ¥à“ß,  “√≈–≈“¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ¥à“ß „™â≈â“ß
∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥À√◊ÕªÕ°‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈‰¡â∑Ë’¡’
M lug ¥Õ°¬“ß (≈âÕ√∂) ‡ª≈Õ◊ °∫“ß ‡™πà ¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑»
lymph π”È ‡À≈◊Õß
N lug angle ¡ÿ¡∑Ë’¥Õ°¬“ß(≈âÕ√∂)°√–∑” lyrate „∫ pinnatifid ∑Ë¡’ ’ lobe  «à πª≈“¬‚µ
O («¥— ‡∑’¬∫°—∫·π«¥Ëß‘ ¢Õ߬“ß) °«à“ à«π∞“π
QP lumber 1. ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª*, ‰¡â‡≈Ë◊Õ¬ (S. timber, lysigenous ™Õà ߇´≈≈≈å –≈“¬, ™Õà ß«“à ßÕ—π‡°¥‘
R converted timber, sawn timber) 2. °“√ ®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ«— ¢Õ߇´≈≈å, ‡°‘¥®“°‡´≈≈å
S ·ª√√Ÿª‰¡â, ∑”‰¡*â

T lumber, to ·ª√√ªŸ ‰¡â

U lumber, merchantable ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª‡™‘ß

V æ“≥™‘ ¬å*

W lumber, yard 1. ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿªº÷Ëß·≈â«*

X 2. ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª·¬°¢π“¥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ*
Y lumber-core ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª∑”‰ â (‰¡â·ºàπÕ—¥),
Z ‰ â‰¡â·ª√√ªŸ *

lumber-core construction °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫  ≈“¬*

‰ â‰¡·â ª√√ªŸ * lysimeter (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å , ¡“µ√«¥— ª√¡‘ “≥π”È ∑Ë’‰À≈

lumbering 1. °“√∑”‰¡â* (S. logging) ´¡÷ º“à π¥π‘

2. °“√·ª√√ªŸ ‰¡*â lysozyme (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ‡Õπ‰´¡å™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß

lumber jack ·¡à·√߬°‰¡â·ª√√ªŸ *  “¡“√∂¬Õà ¬ºπß— ‡´≈≈¢å Õß®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ 剥â æ∫

lumberjack §πß“π∑”‰¡*â „ππÈ”µ“≈·≈–‰¢¢à “«

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ A
B
183 C
D
M E
F
maceration ÀπßË÷ æ—π maintail feather ¢πÀ“ß楗 G
machete : machet ¡¥’ ¢Õ, æ√“â À«¥* maintain √—°…“ ¿“æ, ∑”„À§â ß ¿“扫â H
machine 1. ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√°≈ 2. ‰ , °≈÷ß, ‡®“–, maintenance °“√¥”√ß™æ’ I
major categories ™πÈ— „π°“√·∫ßà ·¬°æ™◊ µßÈ— ·µà J
µ—¥∑”„À⇪πì ™‘Èπ «à π K
machine burn √Õ¬‰À¡â* (®“°‡§√Õ◊Ë ß®—°√) ¢È—π«ß»Àå √Õ◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ (family) ¢π÷È ‰ª L
machinery 1. ™È‘π à«π¢Õ߇§√Ë◊Õ߬πµå∑’Ë major elements ∏“µÕÿ “À“√À≈°— , ¡À∏“µ,ÿ ∏“µÿ M
N
‡§≈Õ◊Ë π∑’Ë 2. À¡“¬∂ß÷ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß®°— √°≈∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ Õ“À“√¡À—æ¿“§ (‰¥â·°à §“√å∫Õπ, O
machinery, agricultural ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß®°— √°≈‡°…µ√ ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π, ÕÕ°´‘‡®π, ‰π‚µ√‡®π, P
macrofauna (soil)  —µ«å¢π“¥„À≠à„π¥π‘ øÕ øÕ√— , ‚æ·∑ ‡´Ë’¬¡, ·§≈‡´’ˬ¡, Q
macrofibril °≈¡ÿà ¢Õß microfibril ¡Õ߇ÀπÁ ‰¥â ·¡°π‡’ ´¬Ë’ ¡ ·≈–°”¡–∂—π) R
major gene ¬π’ À≈—° (¥Ÿ gene, major) S
‚¥¬„™â light microscope major forest produce «πº≈‘µº≈À≈—°, T
macroflora (soil) æ™◊ ¢π“¥„À≠à„π¥π‘ º≈‘µº≈ªÉ“‰¡Àâ ≈°— * U
macronutrient ∏“µÕÿ “À“√À≈°— , ¡À∏“µ,ÿ ∏“µÿ major forest products «πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈°— * V
Malabar iron wood µ–‡§’¬π∑Õß (µπâ ‰¡â„π W
Õ“À“√¡Àæ— ¿“§  °≈ÿ Hopea odorata, Roxb.) X
macrospore ¥Ÿ megaspore Malacca teak À≈¡ÿ æÕ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Instria Y
madre de cocoa ·§Ω√—Ëß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ bakeri, Prain.) Z
malacology »—ߢ«∑‘ ¬“ (S. conchology)
Gliricidia sepium, Steud.) maladies ‡™◊ÕÈ ‚√§
maggot ÀπÕπ Malaya grass À≠â“¡“‡≈‡´¬’ («—™æ™◊ ‡¢µ√âÕπ
magma Àπ‘ Àπ¥◊ * „π °ÿ≈ Zoysia spp.)
m.a.i. : mean annual increment æ.©.ª. Malay apple ™¡æŸà “·À√° (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈
Eugenia malaccensis, L.)
( à«π‡æ¡Ë‘ ¢π÷È ‡©≈’¬Ë √“¬ªï) male sterile ‡° √µ«— ºâŸ‡ªìπÀ¡—π
maiden (µâπ) ‰¡ â “« male sterility  ¿“æ∑‡Ë’ ° √µ—«º‡Ÿâ ªìπÀ¡π—
maillard reaction ªØ‘°√‘ ‘¬“°“√‡°¥‘  π’ ”È µ“≈ malignant √πÿ ·√ß
malkohas π°∫—Èß√Õ° (π°„π °ÿ≈ Phaeni-
‚¥¬‰¡àÕ“»¬— ‡Õπ‰´¡å cophaeus sp.)
main beam §“π„À≠à* malnutrition ∑ÿ‚¿™π“°“√
main lead : main line  “¬≈“°*
main-line block √Õ°‡Õ°* (S. bull block,

head block)
main-voltage heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ®“°

 “¬‡¡π*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 184

A mammal  —µ«‡å ≈Ȭ’ ß≈°Ÿ ¥â«¬π¡ manometer ‡§√Ë◊Õß«—¥§«“¡¥—π‚¥¬„™â§«“¡
µ“à ß√–¥—∫¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«
B mammalogy «‘∑¬“ —µ«å‡≈’¬È ß≈Ÿ°¥«â ¬π¡
manufacture °“√º≈‘µ„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°Ê ‚¥¬
C mammary gland ‡µ“â π¡, µàÕ¡º≈‘µπÈ”π¡ Õ“»—¬‡§√Ë◊Õß®°— √
D
E management, sustained yield °“√®—¥°“√ manufacture, imperfect µ”Àπ®‘ “°°“√º≈µ‘ *
manufacturing °“√º≈µ‘ „π√ŸªÕµÿ  “À°√√¡
F ‡æÕ◊Ë „Àºâ ≈‘µº≈ ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ manure ªÜ¬ÿ Õ‘π∑√’¬å, ªÿ¬Ü §Õ°, ª¬Üÿ æ◊™ ¥
G mandarin  â¡®’π (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Citrus manure, artificial ªÿ¬Ü §Õ°‡∑’¬¡, ªÜ¬ÿ À¡°—
manure, farmyard ªÿ¬Ü §Õ°
H reticulata, Blance.) manure, green ªÿ¬Ü æ◊™ ¥
map, fire-finder ·ºπ∑ËÀ’ “µ”·Àπà߉ø
I mandrel : mandril ‡æ≈“„∫‡≈ÕË◊ ¬* map, management ·ºπ∑’Ë®—¥°“√
map, panoramic photograph ·ºπ∑Ë’
J maneuver : manoeuvre ¬°— ¬“â ¬
¿“æ∂à“¬æ“πÕ√“¡‘§
K mango ¡–¡à«ß (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Mangifera map, panoramic profile ·ºπ∑Ë’¿“æ∂à“¬
L
M indica, L.) æ“πÕ√“¡§‘ ¥“â π¢“â ß
map, site ·ºπ∑™Ë’ È—π§ÿ≥¿“ææÈπ◊ ∑’˪ɓ
N mango, bachang ¥Ÿ mango, horse map, travel-time ·ºπ∑’ˇ«≈“‡¥‘π∑“ß
O mango, horse ¡–¡ÿ¥, ≈–¡¥ÿ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ map, type ·ºπ∑Ë™’ π¥‘
map, visibility ·ºπ∑’∑Ë »— π« ‘ ¬—
P Mangifera sp.) map, visible-area ¥Ÿ map, visibility
map compilation °“√ª√–°Õ∫·ºπ∑’Ë
Q mangosteen ¡—ߧ¥ÿ (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Garcinia mapping unit, soil Àπ«à ¬·ºπ∑Ë¥’ ‘π
map projection ‡ πâ ‚§√ß·ºπ∑’Ë
R mangostana, L.) map reproduction °“√æ‘¡æ·å ºπ∑Ë’
map scale ¡“µ√“ «à π·ºπ∑’Ë
S mangrove forest : lithoral forest ª“É ™“¬‡≈π mar ¢¬ÿ æ◊™¥∫‘
T mar, to ∑”≈“¬, ∑”„À⇠¬’ ‰ª
U mangrove swamp ∑’Ë≈¡àÿ ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π maranta §≈â“πÈ” («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

V mangum terrace ∑√’Ë “∫™π¥‘ Àπß÷Ë ∑¡Ë’  ’ π— ¢Õß√Õà ß Thalia geniculata, L.)
W (ridge) ‡∑“à °∫— §«“¡≈°÷ ¢Õß√Õà ß (channel) marble À‘πÕàÕπ

X ‡ªπì  π— ¥π‘ ∑‡’Ë √“∑”¢πÈ÷ ‡æÕ◊Ë ªÕÑ ß°π— °“√™–≈“â ß

Y ¡’∞“π°«â“ß„À≠à Õ“®‡ªìπ·ºàπ‡¥’¬«À√◊Õ

Z ´âÕπ°π— ‡ªìπ™—ÈπÊ

manifold ∑àÕ√à«¡

Manila grass À≠“â ≠ªË’ πÉÿ , À≠“â π«≈πÕâ ¬, À≠“â

°”¡–À¬Ë’ [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Zoysia

matrella, (L.) Merr.]

Manila tamarind ¡–¢“¡‡∑» (µπâ ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

Pithecellobium dulce, Benth.)

manipulation °√–∫«π°“√ª√—∫·µàß,

°√–∫«π°“√ª√—∫ª√ßÿ «— ¥ÿ„À¡â  ’ ¿“楢’ ÷πÈ

man made soil ¥‘π∑’ˇª≈ˬ’ π·ª≈ß‚¥¬¡πÿ…¬å

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

185

marbling ¡—π·∑√°‡π◊ÈÕ, ‰¢¡—π∑Ë’·∑√°Õ¬àŸ„π marker §πµ’µ√“‰¡â*, §πÀ¡“¬‰¡â*, §π®¥ A
B
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å, ‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å∑’ËÕàÕππàÿ¡‡æ√“– ¢π“¥‰¡â*, §π®”·π°™È—π§ÿ≥¿“扡â*, C
D
¡’‰¢¡π— ·∑√° ( «.) ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡Õ◊ À¡“¬‰¡â* E
F
marcot µÕπ, °Ë‘ßµÕπ, °Ë‘ß∑’Ë„™âµÕπ market gardening °“√∑” «πº—°, °“√∑” G
H
marcottage «∏‘ ’°“√µÕπ°ßË‘  «π¢π“¥¬àÕ¬„π∫√‘‡«≥∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ‰¡à‰°≈®“° I
J
marcotting °“√µÕπ µ≈“¥·≈– “¡“√∂ àߺ≈º≈‘µ‰ª¢“¬„π K
L
margin ¢Õ∫ ª√¡‘ “≥§√“«≈–‰¡à¡“° M
N
marginal land ∑¥’Ë π‘ ™“¬¢Õ∫ marking, timber °“√µµ’ √“ª√–®”«π— *, °“√ O
P
marginal rot °“√ºÿ≈“¡* À¡“¬‰¡*â Q
R
marian plum ¡–ª√“ß, ¡–¬ß (‰¡âº≈„π °≈ÿ marking, tree ¥Ÿ marking, timber S
T
Bouea burmanica, Griff.) marking hammer §âÕπµ√“* U
V
marigold ¥“«‡√◊Õß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °≈ÿ Tagetes marl ¥‘πªŸπ, ªŸπ¡“√≈å (ªπŸ ™π¥‘ Àπ÷Ë߇°‘¥®“° W
X
spp.) °“√µ°µ–°Õπµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘¢ÕߪŸπ„ππ”È Y
Z
marigold, African ¥“«‡√Õ◊ ß (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ ®◊¥ æ∫µ“¡∫÷ß °âπ∑–‡≈ “∫ À√◊Õ√àÕßπ”È

Tagetes erecta, L.) ‡°“à )

marigold, French ¥“«‡√◊ÕßπÕâ ¬, ¬ ’Ë ÿπà (‰¡â marsh æ√,ÿ ∑’≈Ë ÿà¡Ωíòß, ∑’Ë≈ÿ¡à ¿“¬„π, ∑Ë’≈¡ÿà ™È◊π·©–

¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Tagetes patula, L.) marshmallow ¢π¡À«“π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß∑”®“°

marigold, pot ¥“«‡√Õ◊ ßΩ√ß—Ë , ¥“«‡√Õ◊ ßÀ¡Õâ (‰¡â ‡®≈“µ‘π À√◊Õ‰¢à¢“«º ¡°—∫πÈ”‡™◊ËÕ¡À√◊Õ

¥Õ°„π °≈ÿ Calendula officinalis, L.) π”È µ“≈ 𔉪ªíòπ®π¡’≈—°…≥–·¢Áߧ≈⓬

marinade πÈ”¥Õߪ≈“‡æËÕ◊ „À≥°â ≈‘Ëπ √  ·≈– øÕßπÈ”

≈—°…≥–‡π◊ÈÕ∑Ë’µâÕß°“√ ¡’ à«πº ¡¢Õß marshy ‡ªï¬°, ·©–

π”È  â¡ “¬™Ÿ πÈ”¡—π¡–°Õ° ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß marshy grounds ¥‘π‡ª¬ï °·©–

‡∑»µà“ßÊ marshy land æπÈ◊ ∑’≈Ë ÿࡵ˔‡ªìπÀπÕßπÈ”À√Õ◊ ∫ß÷

marinate °“√À¡°— ‡πÈÕ◊ À√◊Õª≈“ marten, yellow throated À¡“‰¡â ( µ— «å„π

marine borer ‡æ√’¬ß*  °≈ÿ Martes flavigula)

marine deposit µ–°Õππ”È ‡§¡Á marvel of Peru ∫“π‡¬Áπ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

marine science «‘∑¬“»“ µ√∑å “ß∑–‡≈ Mirabilis jalapa, L.)

marine sediment ¥Ÿ marine deposit mascarene grass À≠â“°”¡–À¬’Ë, À≠â“π«≈

marine terrace µ–æ—°∑–‡≈ πâÕ¬, À≠“â ≠˪’ Éÿπ (¥Ÿ Manila grass)

mark, classification ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬®”·π°‰¡â* mash Õ“À“√ªÉπ, Õ“À“√º ¡

mark, log µ√“‰¡´â ÿß maslin ‡¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ◊™∑Ë’ª≈Ÿ°ª–ªπ°—π, º≈¢Õß

mark, property ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬°√√¡ ∑‘ ∏*Ï‘ °“√∫¥ ¢’ Õ߇¡≈¥Á ∏—≠æ◊™¥ß— °≈“à «

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 186

A mass flow °“√‡§≈ÕË◊ π∑·Ë’ ∫∫‡ªπì °≈¡ÿà °Õâ π¢Õß matching, four piece butt °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“
·∫∫µÕà  *Ë’
B ‚¡‡≈°≈ÿ , °“√‰À≈·∫∫°≈ÿà¡°âÕπ
matching, random °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫§≈–*
C massive ®—∫·ππà , ®—∫°—π‡ªìπ°Õâ π„À≠à (ª∞.) matching, reversed °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫µàÕ
D
E massive fern ‡øî√åπµπ’ µ–¢“∫ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π ª≈“¬ ≈—∫*
matching, side °“√‡¢â“‰¡â·∫∫µàÕ¢â“ß, °“√
F  °ÿ≈ Nephrolepis biserrata, Schott
G var. furcans, Hort.) ‡√¬’ ßÀπâ“·∫∫µÕà ¢“â ß*
matching, slide °“√‡¢“â ‰¡â·∫∫µÕà ¢â“ß*
H mass selection 1. °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿæ◊™‚¥¬ matching, slip °“√‡¢â“‰¡·â ∫∫µÕà ¢“â ß*
matchwood ‰¡∑â ”‰¡â¢¥’ *
I §¥— ‡≈Õ◊ °‡Õ“·µ≈à °— …≥–∑¥’Ë ®’ “°æ™◊ „π·ª≈ß mate º ¡æπ— ∏åÿ µ— «å
material, fertilizer ·¡àª¬ÿÜ
J 2. °“√§—¥√«¡ ‡ªìπ°“√§—¥‡Õ“æ™◊ ∑’‡Ë ÀÁπ«à“ material, incrusting  “√¬¥÷ * (S. incrust-

K ¥’¡“√«¡°—π‡æËÕ◊ ª≈Ÿ°„π™—Ë«µàÕ‰ª ing substance)
L mating °“√º ¡æ—π∏ ÿå µ— «å
M mass water content ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™π◊È ‚¥¬¡«≈ mat lippia À≠“â ‡°≈Á¥ª≈“ [«™— æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π

N mast ‡ “°√–‚¥ß‡√◊Õ  °ÿ≈ Lippa nodiflora, (L.) Michx.]
O mastitis ‚√§‡µâ“π¡Õ—°‡ ∫ matric force ·√ߥ÷ß«— ¥æÿ ◊πÈ
matric potential »—°¬å«— ¥æÿ πÈ◊
P mat ·ºàπ („¬‰¡â, ™Èπ‘ ‰¡â) ‡µ√¬’ ¡Õ¥— matric suction §«“¡‡§√’¬¥‡¡µ√‘°,

Q match block ∑àÕπ‰¡∑â ”‰¡â¢’¥‰ø* §«“¡‡§√’¬¥∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°·√ߥ÷ßÀ√◊Õ·√ߥŸ¥
¬¥÷ ¢ÕßÕπ¿ÿ “§¥‘π, ·√ߥ÷ß«— ¥ÿæπ◊È
R matchboard(ing) ‰¡√â “ß≈πÈ‘ *, ‰¡≈â πÈ‘ √Õà ß*, matrix 1. µ«— °≈“ß´Ë÷ß¡’∫“ß ß‘Ë Ωíßµ«— Õ¬Ÿà 2.  ’

S °“√∑”≈È‘π√àÕß (S. matching)
T
U matched veneer ‰¡∫â “ß®—¥≈“¬*

V matching 1. ‰¡â√“ß≈‘πÈ *, ‰¡≈â πÈ‘ √Õà ß*, °“√∑”
W ≈È‘π√àÕß 2. °“√®—¥ (µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑¥ Õ∫)

X ‡¢â“™¥ÿ * 3. °“√‡√¬’ ßÀπâ“* 4. °“√‡¢â“‰¡â

Y matching, balance °“√‡√¬’ ßÀπ“â ·∫∫¥ÿ≈*

Z matching, book °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫æ≈°‘ §*Ÿà

matching, butt °“√‡¢“â ‰¡â·∫∫µÕà ª≈“¬, °“√ æÈπ◊ (ª∞.) 3. ‡πÕ◊È ·√,à ¡«≈√«¡ (ª∞.)

‡√’¬ßÀπ“â ·∫∫µàÕª≈“¬* (S. end match- mattock Õ‡’ µÕâ

ing) mature ‡®√≠‘ ‡µÁ¡∑Ë’

matching, centre °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫µàÕ mature green §«“¡·°à¢Õߺ≈‰¡â∑Ë’¬—߉¡à¡’

°Ëß÷ °≈“ß*  ∑’ ∫—

matching, diamond °“√‡√¬’ ßÀπâ“·∫∫¢“â «- mature leaf „∫·°,à „∫‡æ ≈“¥

À≈“¡µ¥— * mature soil ¥‘π∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–™—Èπ¢Õߥ‘π‡®√‘≠

matching, end °“√‡¢“â ‰¡â·∫∫µàÕª≈“¬, °“√ ¥’·≈â« ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–¡’§«“¡

‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫µÕà ª≈“¬*  ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ°—πµ“¡ ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß¡—π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

187

maturity 1. °“√‚µ‡µÁ¡«—¬, °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ mean deviation §«“¡‡∫¬’Ë ß‡∫π‡©≈ˬ’ A
B
®π∂÷ߢ—Èπº ¡æ—π∏ÿ剥â, °“√·°àµ—«∂÷ߢ—Èπ measure °“√«—¥, «∏‘ «’ ¥— , ¢π“¥ C
D
ÕÕ°¥Õ°ÕÕ°º≈‰¥â, «—¬©°√√®å 2.  ¿“æ measure, actual °“√«—¥À≈ß— µ∫·µàß*, ¢π“¥ E
F
¢Õߺ—°-º≈‰¡â´Ëß÷ æ√Õâ ¡®–‡°Á∫‰¥,â º≈º≈‘µ À≈ß— µ∫·µàß* [S. ne(a)t size] G
H
∑Ë’æ√âÕ¡®–‡Õ“‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå (æ .) measure, bare ¢π“¥æÕ¥*’ I
J
3. º≈º≈‘µ∑Ë’‡®√‘≠‡µÁ¡∑’ˉ¡à‡æ‘Ë¡¢π“¥Õ’° measure, board (foot) «∏‘ «’ —¥∫Õ√å¥øµÿ * K
L
µàÕ‰ª (æƒ.) measure, callipers °“√«¥— ¥â«¬·§≈‘‡ªÕ√å* M
N
maxillaries ¢“°√√‰°√∫π measure, face °“√«—¥æπÈ◊ ∑ºË’ «‘ Àπ“â *, °“√«—¥ O
P
maximum crushing strength ·√ßÕ¥—  ßŸ  ¥ÿ * Àπ“â ‰¡â Q
R
maximum crushing stress §«“¡‡§âπ®“° measure, full ¢π“¥‡ºË◊Õ* (S. full cut, full S
T
·√ßÕ—¥ ßŸ  ÿ¥* size) U
V
maximum load(ing) π”È Àπ°—  Ÿß ÿ¥* measure, nominal °“√«¥— °Õà πµ∫·µßà *, ¢π“¥ W
X
maximum stress §«“¡‡§πâ  ßŸ  ÿ¥* °àÕπµ∫·µàß* Y
Z
maximum temperature Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡ ‘ Ÿß ¥ÿ ∑æ’Ë ™◊ measure, quarter-girth «‘∏’«—¥·∫∫Àπ÷ßË „π ’Ë

 “¡“√∂‡®√≠‘ ‰¥â ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫*

mayonnaise πÈ” ≈¥— measure, scant ¢π“¥µ”Ë °«“à °”Àπ¥*

m.bd.ft. : m.b.f. : m.b.m. (1,000 board measure, string «∏‘ «’ —¥·∫∫ “¬«¥— √Õ∫*

feet) æ.∫.ø. (1,000 ∫Õ√¥å øµÿ ) measure, superficial °“√«—¥æÈ◊π∑’˺‘«Àπâ“*,

m.c. : moisture content ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™È◊π °“√«¥— Àπ“â ‰¡â

MacArthur palm À¡“°‡¢’¬« (ª“≈å¡„π measure, surface ¥Ÿ measure, superficial

 °ÿ≈ Ptychosperma macarthurii, measure, true °“√«—¥ª√‘¡“µ√®√ß‘ *

H.Wendl.) mechanical adhesion °“√¬¥÷ µ‘¥∑“ß°≈*

meadow ∑àÿßÀ≠Ⓡ≈’Ȭߠ—µ«å, æÈ◊π∑’ËÊ ª°§≈ÿ¡ mechanical analysis °“√«‡‘ §√“–À‡å ™ß‘ °≈, °“√

¥«â ¬À≠“â µπâ ‡≈°Á ´ß÷Ë ‡ªπì Õ“À“√ µ— «å‰¥â  «à π «‘‡§√“–À契π∑“ßøî ‘° å‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥ Õ∫

¡“°¡°— ‡ªπì æ«°À≠“â ∑’¡Ë ’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«“à 1 ªï ª√‘¡“≥Õπ¿ÿ “§¢Õߥ‘π¢π“¥µ“à ßÊ (ª∞.)

·≈–„™â ”À√—∫‡≈È’¬ß µ— «å mechanical composition Õߧåª√–°Õ∫‚§√ß

mealy bug ‡æ≈¬’È ·ªÑß √à“ߢÕߥπ‘ [‰¥â·° à «à π∑‡’Ë ªπì Õπ‘π∑√¬’  “√

mean, arithmetic ¡™— ¨¡‘ ‡≈¢§≥µ‘ ¢ÕßÕߧªå √–°Õ∫À≈°— (principal compo-

mean, population ¡™— ¨¡‘ ª√–™“°√ nent) ¢Õߥπ‘ ]

mean, sample ¡™— ¨‘¡µ«— Õ¬“à ß mechanical drier ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫°≈*

mean, weighted ¡—™¨‘¡∂à«ßπÈ”Àπ—° mechanical protection °“√ªÕÑ ß°—π‡™‘ß°≈*

meander ∑“ßπÈ”‚§âßµ«—¥* mechanical pulp ‡¬Õ◊Ë ∫¥‡™ß‘ °≈*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 188

A mechanical soil analysis °“√«‘‡§√“–À契π Cucummis melo, L. var. reticulatus)
membrane ‡¬ÕË◊ ∑ÕË’ àÕππ¡àÿ ·≈–∫“ß
B ‡™‘ß°≈ membrane, semi-permeable ‡¬◊ÕË °÷ßË ´÷¡
membrane bones ‡¬ÕË◊ „π°√–¥Ÿ°
C mechanical wood pulp ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¡∫â ¥* Mendelian inheritance °“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥æ—π∏ÿ-
D
E mechanization °“√„™â‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√°≈∑ÿàπ·√ß °√√¡·∫∫‡¡π‡¥≈ (æ∏.)
mercerized cellulose ‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈ ‚ª√ßà · ß*
F medicine plant «“à πÀ“ß®√‡¢â (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Aloe merchantable „™â‡ªìπ ‘π§â“‰¥â
G vera, L. var. chinensis, Bak.) merchantable height §«“¡ Ÿß‡™ß‘ æ“≥™‘ ¬å*
merchantable lumber ‰¡·â ª√√ªŸ ‡™ß‘ æ“≥™‘ ¬*å
H medium sand ∑√“¬À¬“∫¢π“¥ª“π°≈“ß merchantable volume ª√¡‘ “µ√‡™ß‘ æ“≥‘™¬å
mericarp ´°’ ÀπßË÷ ¢Õߺ≈·∫∫ schizocarp À≈ß—
I medium-textured soil ¥π‘ ‡πÈÕ◊ ª“π°≈“ß
®“°∑Ë·’ µ°·≈â«
J medulla „®‰¡*â (S. pirth) mericlinal chimera ¥Ÿ chimera, mericlinal
meristem ‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬Õ◊Ë ‡®√≠‘ *, °≈ÿà¡¢Õ߇πÕ◊È ‡¬◊ÕË ∑Ë’
K medulla ray √»— ¡ª’ ∞¡¿Ÿ¡‘*
L ¬—߉¡à·ª√√ªŸ ‡ªπì ∫√‘‡«≥∑Ë¡’ °’ “√·∫à߇´≈≈å
M mega-gamete ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»‡¡¬’ (¥Ÿ egg cell) Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ª√°µ‘æ∫∫√‘‡«≥ª≈“¬¬Õ¥
À√◊Õª≈“¬√“°
N megasporangium  «à π¢Õßæ™◊ ´ßË÷ ‡ªπì ∑Õ’Ë ¬¢àŸ Õß meristem, apical ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬ËÕ◊ ‡®√‘≠ «à πª≈“¬
O megaspore -merous ®”π«π¢Õß «à πµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ¥Õ° 5-
merous À¡“¬∂ß÷ ¡ ’ «à π¢Õߥհ·µ≈à –™¥ÿ
P megaspore  ªÕ√å∑’Ë„Àâ°”‡π¥‘ ‡æ»‡¡’¬, ‡´≈≈å ‡ªìπ 5
merulius ‡ÀÁ¥√“™π¥‘ Àπ÷ßË
Q  ∫◊ æπ— ∏µÿå «— ‡¡¬’ ∑’ˉ¥Àâ ≈ß— ®“° π‘È  ¥ÿ ¢∫«π°“√

R meiosis II

S megaspore mother cell ‡´≈≈å diploid „π
T
U √—߉¢à´÷ßË ®–·∫àßµ—«·∫∫ meiosis ‡æÕË◊  √â“ß

V ‡´≈≈ å ∫◊ æ—π∏µåÿ «— ‡¡¬’
W megasporophyll  «à π¢Õßæ◊™´Ë÷߇ªπì ∑’ËÕ¬¢àŸ Õß

X megasporangium

Y meiosis ¢∫«π°“√·∫àßµ—«¢Õ߇´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå

Z ‡æ◊ËÕ°àÕ√Ÿª‡ªìπgametes¡’Àπâ“∑Ë’„π°“√

 ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ¢∫«π°“√πÈ’®”π«π mesa ¿Ÿ‡¢“¬Õ¥√“∫*

‚§√‚¡‚´¡®–≈¥≈߇À≈Õ◊ ‡æ’¬ß§√÷Ë߇¥¬’ « mesh (∑—∫»—æ∑)å , Àπ૬∑Ë’„™∫â Õ°¢π“¥Õπÿ¿“§

meiospore  ªÕ√å∑ˇ’ °‘¥®“°°“√·∫à߇´≈≈·å ∫∫ „π‡™‘ß —¡æ—∑∏å°—∫§«“¡¬“« 1 π‘È« ‡™àπ

meiosis µ–·°√ß 40 ‡¡™ ®–¡’√¢Ÿ 𓥇∑“à Ê °π— 40

melanine ‡¡Á¥ ’§≈”È ‡°‘¥®“°°“√°√–∑”¢Õß √ŸµàÕ§«“¡¬“« 1 π«‘È

πÈ”¬Õà ¬ aerobic oxidative polyphenalase mesia, silver-eared π°°–√Õß∑Õß·°â¡¢“«

system µàÕ phenolic compounds (π°„π °≈ÿ Leiothrix argentausis)

mellow soil ¥‘π∑√’Ë à«ππÈ”´¡÷ ºà“π‰ª‰¥âß“à ¬ meslin ¥Ÿ maslin

melon, netted ·µß‡∑»º≈°√– (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ mesocarp ‡ª≈Õ◊ °º≈™—Èπ°≈“ß

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

189

mesocotyl ¢Õâ µÕà ´ßË÷ Õ¬µàŸ Ë”≈߉ª®“°∞“π¢Õßµπâ meteorology Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«∑‘ ¬“ A
B
ÕàÕπÀ≠â“∑’Ë√“°ßÕ°·µ°·¢πßÕÕ°‰ª, méthod du contrôle «‘∏’®—¥°“√ªÉ“‰¡â·∫∫ C
D
ª≈âÕß√–À«à“ß seutellar node ·≈– §«∫§¡ÿ Õ¬“à ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ E
F
coleoptile „π§—æ¿–·≈–µâπ°≈â“¢Õßæ◊™ method of breeding, bulk °“√ª√—∫ª√ßÿ æπ— ∏åÿ G
H
æ«°À≠â“ ·∫∫‡°∫Á √«¡ (°“√ª√∫— ª√ßÿ æπ— ∏ÿåæ™◊ ∑˺’  ¡ I
J
mesophillic bacteria ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë™Õ∫ µ—«‡Õß‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫æ◊™´Ë÷ߪ≈Ÿ°„π·µà≈–√ÿàπ K
L
Õ≥ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”-ª“π°≈“ß √«¡°π— Õ“®¡°’ “√§¥— ‡≈Õ◊ °À√Õ◊ ‰¡°à Á‰¥â ·≈«â M
N
mesophyll ‡´≈≈∑å Ë’Õ¬Ÿà√–À«“à ߇´≈≈¢å â“ßπÕ° 2 ª≈Ÿ°µÕà ‰ªª√–¡“≥ 6 §√È—ß°Õà π∑”°“√§¥— O
P
¥“â 𠇙πà °≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈å parenchyma „π„∫ ·¬°) Q
R
Õ¬√àŸ –À«à“ß™πÈ— ‡´≈≈ºå ‘« (epidermis) ∑ß—È 2 metrical traits ≈°— …≥–∑Ë’· ¥ßÕÕ°„À‡â ÀÁπ‰¡à S
T
¥â“π¢Õß„∫ ·µ°µ“à ß°π— ¡“° (continuous phenotypic U
V
mesophyte æ◊™∑Ë’‰¡à™Õ∫™◊πÈ À√◊Õ·≈ßâ ®¥— , æ™◊ ∑’Ë variation) W
X
¢÷Èπ∫π¥‘π∑Ë’¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ·≈–§«“¡‡§Á¡ª“π- metritis ‚√§¡¥≈Ÿ°Õ—°‡ ∫ (‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ Y
Z
°≈“ß, ¡—™¨¡‘ 惰…å ®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬å∫“ß™π¥‘ ¡—°‡°¥‘ ¢÷ÈπÀ≈—ß®“° —µ«å

messenger  “¬¥÷ß°≈—∫* µ°≈Ÿ°„À¡àÊ)

metabolism °“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π·ª≈ß∑“߇§¡´’ ßË÷ ¡°’ “√ Mexican daisy ¥“«°√–®“¬ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °ÿ≈

 √â“ß·≈–°“√∑”≈“¬‡°‘¥¢È÷π¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å Bidens bipinnata, L.)

‡™πà °“√À“¬„® °“√¬àÕ¬Õ“À“√ ‡ªπì µπâ mica (∑∫— »—æ∑)å , ·√à°≈’∫Àπ‘ *

metamorphic rock Àπ‘ ·ª√* (Àπ‘ ∑‡Ë’ ª≈’ˬπ Michaelmas daisy ‡ ©«π (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈

 ¿“扪®“°‡¥¡‘ ‡πÕ◊Ë ß®“°°“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π·ª≈ß Aster amellus)

¢Õߧ«“¡√âÕ𠧫“¡°¥¥π— ·≈–ªØ°‘ ‘√‘¬“ microbial activity °‘®°√√¡Õ—π°√–∑”‚¥¬

‡§¡’ ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√µ°º≈÷°¢ÕßÀ‘π´Ë÷ß·πàπ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∫“ß™π‘¥ ‡™à𠇪≈Ë’¬ππÈ”µ“≈

¡“° À‘π·ª√∫“ß™π‘¥¡’≈—°…≥–º‘¥‰ª®“° ®“°·ªÑß„À⇪ìπ°√¥, ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√âÕπ

‡¥¡‘ ¡“° µÕâ ߥ‡Ÿ πÕÈ◊ Àπ‘ À√Õ◊  ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ Õπ— ‡ªπì º≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥â ‡ªìπµâπ

®÷ß®–∑√“∫∑Ë’¡“ ‡™àπ À‘π™π«π À‘πÕàÕπ microclimate ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»®ÿ≈¿“§, ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»

‡ªπì µπâ ) ‡©æ“–·Ààß(π«.), ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»∫√‘‡«≥„°≈â

metaphase √–¬–∑’Ë Õß„π°“√·∫à߇´≈≈å·∫∫ º‘«¥‘π,  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡©æ“– ‡™àπ  Ë‘ß·«¥

mitosis ‡ªìπ√–¬–∑‚Ë’ §√‚¡‚´¡‡√’¬ßµ«— °—π ≈âÕ¡√Õ∫Ê ·ª≈ß∑¥≈ÕߢÕß·µà≈–·Ààß

∫√‡‘ «≥·π«°≈“߇´≈≈å ´Ëß÷ ‰¡√à «¡∂÷ß·ª≈ßÕπ◊Ë Ê

metaxenia °“√∑Ë’‡° √µ—«ºâŸ‡¢â“‰ªº ¡À√◊Õ microfauna  µ— «¢å 𓥇≈°Á

√«¡µ—«°—∫‡´≈≈åÕ◊Ëπ∑Ë’‰¡à„™à embryo À√◊Õ microflora æ™◊ ¢π“¥‡≈Á°

endosperm ¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥À√Õ◊ º≈

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 190

A micromicron (µµ) ¢π“¥ÀπË÷ß à«π≈â“π middle cut ´ÿß∑Õà π°≈“ß*
middle lamella ™È—π‡™Õ◊Ë ¡‡´≈≈,å ™Èπ— ∫“ßÊ °π—È
B ‰¡§√Õπ, ÀπËß÷  «à π√Õâ ¬Õ—ß µ√Õ¡ (A)Ì
Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“ߺπ—߇´≈≈å ¡’Àπâ“∑’ˬ÷¥‡´≈≈å„Àâ
C micron (µ) Àπ«à ¬§«“¡¬“« 1 ‰¡§√Õπ‡∑“à °∫— µ¥‘ °—π (S. intercellular layer)
D middle terrace ≈“πµ–æ—°≈”πÈ”√–¥—∫°≈“ß
E 0.001 ¡¡., 0.000,039 π«‘È À√Õ◊ 10,000 middlings ™È—π‰¡âª“π°≈“ß*
midge, gall ∫—Ë«, À¥Ÿ (·¡≈ß™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß„π °ÿ≈
F AÌ (√µŸ –·°√ß 200 ‡¡™ ¡¢’ 𓥇∑“à °∫— 74 Cecidomyiidae sp.)
mid-girth ¢π“¥«¥— √Õ∫°Ëß÷ °≈“ß*
G ‰¡§√Õπ) mid rib ‡ πâ °≈“ß„∫
mid-timber girth ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫°Ë÷ß°≈“ß*
H micronutrients ®ÿ≈∏“µÿÕ“À“√, ∏“µÿÕ“À“√ (‰¡â∑”´ßÿ )
migration °“√Õæ¬æ¬“â ¬∂πË‘ ∞“π
I ®≈ÿ ¿“§, ∏“µÕÿ “À“√∑’æË ◊™„™πâ âÕ¬ milacre ÀπË÷ßæπ— ‡Õ‡§Õ√å
mildly alkaline ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡ªìπ¥à“ßÕàÕπ (pH
J micropedology ®ÿ≈æ‘¿æ«‘∑¬“ [«‘™“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ 7.4-7.8)
milk, colostral πÈ”π¡‡À≈◊Õß
K °“√µ√«® à«πª√–°Õ∫À√◊Õ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß milk, full cream π¡ºß
L milk, skim À“ßπ¡ºß
M ¥‘π„π·µ≈à –™π—È (profile)] milk, whole π¡ºß
milk replacer ·ªÑßπ¡
N micropyle ™Õà ß∑“ß∑Ë’‡° √µ—«ººâŸ “à π‡¢â“‰ªº ¡ milk wood ‡ ¡Á¥¢“« (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
Melaleuca leucadendron, L.)
O °—∫‰¢à

P microrelief æÈ◊π∑˵’ –ªÉ¡ÿ µ–ªò”, §«“¡ ßŸ µ”Ë ¢Õß

Q æÈ◊π∑’˺‘«¥‘π´Ë÷ß·µ°µà“ß°—π‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬,

R æÈ◊π∑’ Ë ߟ Ê µ”Ë Ê ¢π“¥‡≈°Á

S microsome Õπÿ¿“§ cytoplasm ¡’‡ âπºà“
T
U »Ÿπ¬°å ≈“ߪ√–¡“≥ 250 AÌ ¡À’ πâ“∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«

V °—∫°“√ ß— ‡§√“–À‚å ª√µ’π

W microsporangium  à«π¢Õßæ◊™´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’ˇ°‘¥

X ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕµ—«ºâŸ

Y microspore ‡™Õ◊È ‡æ»º,⟠‡´≈≈ å ∫◊ æπ— ∏µåÿ «— º∑Ÿâ Ë’‰¥â

Z À≈ß— ®“° πÈ‘  ÿ¥¢∫«π°“√ meiosis II

microspore mother cell ‡´≈≈å diploid „π milky stage √–¬–πÈ”π¡, √–¬–∑ˇ’ ¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ™◊

Õ—∫‡° √µ—«ºâŸ´Ë÷ß®–·∫àßµ—«·∫∫ meiosis ‡™àπ ¢â“« ¢“â «‚æ¥ ¡’¢Õ߇À≈« ’¢“«§≈“â ¬

‡æÕË◊  √â“߇´≈≈ å ◊∫æπ— ∏åµÿ «— ºŸâ πÈ”π¡Õ¬à¿Ÿ “¬„π

microsporophyll  «à π¢Õßæ™◊ ´ß÷Ë ‡ªπì ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢Õß mill 1. ‡§√◊ËÕß∫¥, ‡§√◊ËÕß ’¢â“« 2. ‚√ß ’

microsporangium 3. ∫¥, ¢¥—

mid-diameter ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß°÷Ëß°≈“ß* mill (saw) ‚√ß ’, ‚√߇≈ËÕ◊ ¬, ‚√ßß“π·ª√√Ÿª‰¡â,

(∑àÕπÀ√Õ◊ ≈”µπâ ) ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡*(‰¡â), ‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√*

middle buster æ≈Ë«— , ‰∂ À√Õ◊ ®“π (‰∂) ∑’µË ‘¥ („™â„π‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡)

°π— ‡ªπì §àŸ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

191

mill, band ‚√߇≈ËÕ◊ ¬ “¬æ“π*, ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬ millimicron (mµ) §«“¡¬“«Àπ÷Ëß à«πæ—π A
B
 “¬æ“π* ‰¡§√Õπ, ÀπßË÷ „π≈â“π ¡¡., 10 Õß—  µ√Õ¡ C
D
mill, board ‚√ßß“π·ºπà „¬‰¡Õâ ¥— *, ‚√߇≈Õ◊Ë ¬ (10 AÌ) E
F
‰¡â°√–¥“π* millipede  —µ«®å ”æ«°°‘ßÈ °Õ◊ G
H
mill, cane ‚√ßÀ’∫ÕÕâ ¬ mill pond ∫Õà ´ßÿ , ∫Õà ‡°Á∫´ÿß (S. log pond) I
J
mill, cargo ‚√߇≈Õ◊Ë ¬ ßà ‰¡∑⠓߇√Õ◊ * mill run ª√¡‘ “≥‰¡·â ª√√Ÿª‰¥â K
L
mill, circular ‚√߇≈ÕË◊ ¬«ß‡¥Õ◊ π* mill work ™È‘π «à πº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‰¡â ”‡√Á®√ªŸ M
N
mill, circular gang ‡§√ÕË◊ ߇≈Õ◊Ë ¬«ß‡¥Õ◊ πµ∫— * mimicry ≈°— …≥–æâÕß°π— O
P
mill, double-band ‚√߇≈◊ËÕ¬ “¬æ“π§àŸ* mimosine  “√æ‘…´Ëß÷ æ∫„π„∫°√–∂π‘ ∂â“ —µ«å Q
R
mill, dry ‚√߇≈Ë◊Õ¬‰¡à¡∫’ àÕ‡°∫Á ´ÿß* °‘π‡¢â“‰ª¡“°Ê®–∑”„À⇪ìπÀ¡—π·≈– S
T
mill, gang ‚√߇≈ÕË◊ ¬µ—∫*, ‡§√◊ÕË ß‡≈◊ËÕ¬µ—∫ §ÕæÕ°‰¥â U
V
mill, grain ‚√ß ,’ ‚√ßß“π°√–‡∑“–‡¡≈¥Á ∏≠— æ™◊ mine √·Ÿ ¡≈ß W
X
mill, pony-band ‚√߇≈◊ËÕ¬À√◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈◊ËÕ¬ miner, cambium ·¡≈߇®“–·§¡‡∫¬’ ¡ Y
Z
 “¬æ“π¢π“¥‡≈Á°* mineral acid °√¥·√à

mill, portable ‚√߇≈ËÕ◊ ¬‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑Ë’* mineral ash ‡∂â“*

mill, stationary ‚√߇≈◊ËÕ¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∑Ë’* (À√◊Õ mineral horizon ™È—π‡πÕÈ◊ ¥‘π

ª√–®”∑Ë’) mineralization ¢∫«π°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬∏“µÿ

mill, timber ‚√߇≈ÕË◊ ¬À√Õ◊ ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬‰¡â„À≠*à Õ“À“√, ¢∫«π°“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π “√Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å„À‡â ªπì

mill, twin band ‚√߇≈◊ËÕ¬ (‡§√Ë◊Õ߇≈Ë◊Õ¬) Õπ‘π∑√¬’ å

 “¬æ“π·Ω¥* mineralized cell process °√√¡«‘∏’‡´≈≈å

mill board ·ºàπ°√–¥“…·¢Áß* ‡°≈◊Õ·√à

mill cull ‡»…‰¡*â , ‰¡§â ≥ÿ ¿“æµ”Ë * (∑‡’Ë ≈ÕË◊ ¬·≈«â ) mineralogical analysis °“√«‡‘ §√“–À凙ߑ ·√à

mill deck  –æ“π´ÿß, ™“πæ—°´ÿß* (S. log mineralogy «∑‘ ¬“·√à

deck) mineral soil ¥‘π·√à, ¥π‘ Õπ‘π∑√’¬,å ¥‘π∑’Ë„™â„π

mille (∑—∫»æ— ∑)å , ¡‘≈‡≈* (Àπ૬«¥— ) °“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬·√à∏“µÿµ“¡

milled timber ‰¡â‰  ”‡√Á®√ªŸ * ª√°µ‘

millet 1. ¢“â «ø“É ß (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Setaria italica, mineral stain √Õ¬¥“à ß ·’ √à

Beauv.) 2. ¢“â «π°, ∏≠— æ™◊ ´Ë÷ß¡‡’ ¡≈¥Á µ‘¥ mineral streak ≈“¬·∂∫ ’·√*à

°—π‡ªìπ™àÕ§≈⓬¢â“«øÉ“ß·µà‡¡≈Á¥¡’¢π“¥ mines cord §Õ√å¥øóπ‡À¡◊Õß·√à*

‡≈Á°°«à“ mining timber ‰¡âÕÿ‚¡ß§å‡À¡◊Õß* (S.

milliacre Àπß÷Ë „πæπ— ‡Õ‡§Õ√å petwood)

minimum temperature ¥Ÿ zero point

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 192

A minivet π°æ≠“‰ø (π°„π °≈ÿ Pericrocotus mixed-wood type ™π¥‘ ª“É º ¡
mobilization °“√‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑’¢Ë Õß∏“µÕÿ “À“√®“°
B sp.)
 à«πÀπË÷߉ª¬ß— Õ°’  «à πÀπË÷ߢÕßæ™◊
C minor categories ¢—ÈπµÕπ„π°“√·∫àßæ◊™µ—Èß moccasins ∞“π√Õ߇≈ÕË◊ π*
D mode ∞“ππ‘¬¡*
E ·µ à °≈ÿ ≈ß¡“ modified atmospheric storage ÀâÕ߇°Á∫

F minor elements ®ÿ≈∏“µÕÿ “À“√ §«∫§ÿ¡Õ“°“» ¡’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ÕÕ°´‘‡®π
G minor essential elements ®ÿ≈∏“µÿÕ“À“√ §“√∫å Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å Õ≥ÿ À¿¡Ÿ ‘ ·≈–§«“¡™π◊È
modified-leader type (training) ¥Ÿ delayed-
H minor forest produce º≈‘µº≈ªÉ“‰¡â√Õß* open center
modified parts  à«π¢Õßæ◊™∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ√Ÿª√à“ß
I (¢Õߪɓ), «πº≈µ‘ º≈√Õß ≈—°…≥–‡æ◊ËÕ∑”Àπâ“∑˒摇»… ‡™àπ  – ¡
Õ“À“√À√Õ◊ ¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå
J minor forest products «πº≈µ‘ ¿—≥±√å Õß* modified-side grafting ¥Ÿ side grafting
modifying genes ¥Ÿ genes, modifying
K mint  –√–·Àπà(æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Menthae piperita, moisture, bound §«“¡™πÈ◊ „πºπ—߇´≈≈*å
L moisture, free §«“¡™◊ÈπÕ‘ √–, §«“¡™È◊ππÕ°
M L. ·≈– Menthae arvensis, L.) ºπ—߇´≈≈*å
moisture-capacity, field §«“¡ “¡“√∂Õâÿ¡
N mirror stereoscope °≈Õâ ß¡Õß¿“æ∑√«¥∑√ß π”È ¢Õߥ‘π
O ™π¥‘ °√–®° moisture content ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™◊πÈ *, √–¥—∫
§«“¡™πÈ◊
P miscellaneous area Àπ«à ¬·ºπ∑¥’Ë π‘ ‡∫¥Á ‡µ≈¥Á moisture content, air-dry ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™È◊π

Q miscellaneous land type ¥Ÿ miscellaneous

R area

S mismatching °“√‡¢“â ‰¡â‰¡ à π‘∑*, °“√®¥— ≈“¬
T
U ‰¡à‡¢â“°π— *

V missing data µ«— ‡≈¢∑¢’Ë “¥À“¬‰ª
W mist propagation °“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå‚¥¬„Àâπ”È

X ·∫∫æàπÀ¡Õ°

Y mite ‰√

Z miticide  “√ªÕÑ ß°π— °”®¥— ‰√

mitochondria «µ— ∂´ÿ ß÷Ë ¡≈’ °— …≥–‡ªπì ∑Õà π‡≈°Á Ê ºË÷ß·Àßâ *

„π cytoplasm ¢Õ߇´≈≈å moisture content, equilibrium ª√‘¡“≥

mitosis ¢∫«π°“√·∫ßà µ«— ¢Õß somatic cells §«“¡™È◊π ¡¥≈ÿ *

‡æË◊Õæ—≤π“°“√·≈–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ moisture content, final ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™È◊π

¢∫«π°“√π’ȉ¡∑à ”„À®â ”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡≈¥≈ß  ¥ÿ ∑⓬*

mixed bud µ“º ¡, µ“∑Ë’„À°â ”‡π‘¥∑—ßÈ „∫·≈– moisture content, green ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™π◊È  ¥*

¥Õ° moisture content, initial ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™◊Èπ

mixed deciduous forest ªÉ“‡∫≠®æ√√≥ ‡√‘¡Ë µâπ*

mixed fertilizer ªÿܬ‡™ß‘ º ¡

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

193

moisture content, kiln-dry ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™πÈ◊ moldboard : mouldboard ª°ï ‰∂ A
B
Õ∫·Àßâ * molding °“√¢Èπ÷ √“ C
D
moisture content meter ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß«¥— §«“¡™πÈ◊ , mollusc : mollusk  —µ«®å ”æ«°ÀÕ¬ E
F
¡“µ√(«—¥)§«“¡™◊Èπ* monadelphous °â“π‡° √µ—«ºâŸ∑’Ë√«¡°≈ÿà¡°—π G
H
moisture diffusivity  —¡ª√– ‘∑∏Ï‘°“√´÷¡π”È Õ¬‡Ÿà ªπì °≈àÿ¡‡¥’¬« I
J
¢Õߥ‘π„π¢≥–∑’Ë¥‘πÕ‘Ë¡µ—«À√◊Õ‰¡àÕË‘¡µ—« monadnock ‡¢“‚¥¥*, ‡π‘π‡¢“‚¥¥ K
L
¥â«¬πÈ” monetary ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫‡ß‘πµ√“ M
N
moisture distribution °“√°√–®“¬§«“¡™π◊È * mongrel æ—π∑“ß O
P
moisture distribution section ™‘Èπ à«πÀ“ moniliform (or breeds) ≈°— …≥–§Õ¥‡ªπì ª¡, Q
R
°“√°√–®“¬§«“¡™◊Èπ* ∑√ߪ√–§” S
T
moisture equivalent : ME  ¡¡≈Ÿ §«“¡™π◊È , monitor, black jungle ‡À“à ™“â ß ( µ— «å‡≈ÕÈ◊ ¬ U
V
®”π«ππÈ”„π¥π‘ À≈ß— ®“°∑¥Ë’ π‘ º“à π·√߇À«¬Ë’ ß §≈“π„π °≈ÿ Varanus rudicollis W
X
1,000 ‡∑à“¢Õß·√ß‚πâ¡∂à«ß¢Õß‚≈°π“π monkeyûs dinner bell ‚æ∏Ω‘Ï √ß—Ë (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Y
Z
30 π“∑’ Hura crepitans, L.)

moisture gradient °“√≈¥À≈Ë—π§«“¡™È◊π* monkey faced tree §”ªÉ“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

moisture holding capacity §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π Mallotus philippinensis, Muell.-Arg.)

°“√¥Ÿ¥¬¥÷ §«“¡™π◊È monkey winch °«â“π¡Õ◊ *

moisture meter, electric-capacity ¡“µ√ monoandry ¡’‡° √µ«— º°Ÿâ ≈àÿ¡‡¥’¬«

§«“¡™πÈ◊ ·∫∫§«“¡®ÿ‰øø“Ñ * monocarpous ¡æ’ √Ÿ ß— ‰¢à (carpel) 1 Õ—π

moisture meter, electric resistant ¡“µ√ monochasium ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫ cyme ∑’Ë¡’¥Õ°

§«“¡™È◊π* (·∫∫§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“) Õ¬Ÿ¢à “â ߇¥¬’ «

moisture proofing °“√°—𧫓¡™◊πÈ * monochlamydous ¡’ perianth ·∫∫‡¥’¬« (¥Ÿ

moisture release curve °√“øª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬ apetalous)

§«“¡™◊Èπ monochoria ¢“‡¢’¬¥ [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

moisture retention °“√¥¥Ÿ ¬÷¥§«“¡™πÈ◊ Monochoria vaginalis, (Burm.) Presl.]

moisture retention capacity §«“¡®„ÿ π°“√ monocline ·π«‡∑‡¥Ë’¬«™È—πÀπ‘ *, À¬°— ·π«‡∑

¥¥Ÿ ¬÷¥§«“¡™π◊È ™Èπ— Àπ‘

moisture section ™Èπ‘  «à πÀ“§«“¡™π◊È * monoclinous ¡’‡° √µ—«ºŸâ·≈–‡° √µ—«‡¡’¬„π

moisture stress  ¿“«–¢“¥π”È ¥Õ°‡¥’¬«°π—

molar øπí ∫¥ (°√“¡) monocolpate ‡√≥Ÿ¡√’ àÕß∫πº‘« 1 ™Õà ß

molass °“°π”È µ“≈∑’ÕË ¬Ÿà„π≈°— …≥–¢Õ߇À≈« monocotyledon æ™◊ „∫‡≈Ȭ’ ߇¥Ë’¬«*

mold ‡™ÈÕ◊ √“

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 194

A monoecious æ™◊ ´ßË÷ ¡¥’ Õ°µ«— º·âŸ ≈–¥Õ°µ«— ‡¡¬’ mopping up (fire) °“√°«“¥≈“â ß (‰ø)
mop-up time ‡«≈“(‰ø)¡Õ¥
B ·¬°°—πÕ¬àŸ§π≈–¥Õ°„πµâπ‡¥’¬«°—𠇙àπ mor ¢¬ÿ æ◊™¥‘∫, ´“°Õ‘π∑√¬’ åºÿ
Mormon derrick ªôíπ®—πË ∑Ë’¡’¡Õ◊  ”À√—∫®—∫ø“ß
C µ”≈ß÷
D À√◊ÕÀ≠â“·Àâß¡“°Õ߉«â
E monoecious, polygamo æ◊™´÷Ëß¡’¥Õ°µ—«ºŸâ morning gloory 1. º—°∫ÿâß («—™æ◊™„π °ÿ≈

F ¥Õ°µ—«‡¡’¬ ·≈–¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ»Õ¬àŸ„π Ipomoea reptans, L.) 2.  –Õ÷° [«—™æ◊™
G µπâ ‡¥¬’ «°π— „π °ÿ≈ Ipomoea tiliacea, (Willd.)
Choisy.]
H monoembryonic seed ‡¡≈¥Á ∑’Ë„Àµâ πâ °≈“⠇欒 ß morphology  —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ («‘™“∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬√Ÿª
√“à ß≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°)
I 1 µπâ µÕà ‡¡≈Á¥ morphology, soil 1.  —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¥‘π
2.  —≥∞“π¥‘π, √Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¢ÕßÀπâ“
J monofactorial ≈—°…≥–∑“ß°√√¡æ—π∏åÿ∑Ë’‡°‘¥ µ—¥¥‘𠇙à𠧫“¡Àπ“¢Õߙȗπ¥‘π °“√
‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õߙȗπ¥‘𠂧√ß √â“ß °“√¬÷¥µ—«
K ®“°¬π’ Õ—π‡¥’¬« ·≈–§«“¡æ√πÿ ¢Õߥ‘π
L mortality §«“¡µ“¬, Õµ— √“°“√µ“¬ (§¥‘ ‡ªπì
M monogastric °√–‡æ“–‡¥’ˬ«,  —µ«å°√–‡æ“– √âÕ¬≈–)
mosaic ‚√§„∫¥“à ß´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°‡™È◊Õ‰«√— 
N ‡¥¬Ë’ « ‡™πà  ÿ°√ ‰°à ¡“â mosaic chimera ¥Ÿ chimera
O monogynous ¡‡’ ° √µ—«‡¡¬’ (pistil) Õπ— ‡¥¬’ « moss rose ·¥ß «√√§,å º°— ‡∫¬È’ Ω√ßË— (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ
Portulaca grandiflora, Hook.)
P monohybrid °“√º ¡¢â“¡æ—π∏ÿå∑Ë’æàÕ·¡à¡’ moth, carpenter º’‡ ÕÈ◊ ‡®“–‰¡â

Q ≈°— …≥–µà“ß°π— ‡æ¬’ ß≈°— …≥–‡¥¬’ «

R monopetalous ¥Ÿ gamopetalous

S monophyletic ¡“®“°∫√√æ∫√ÿ …ÿ √“¬‡¥¬’ «°—π
T
U monoploid ¥Ÿ haploid

V monopodial ‡®√‘≠¢È÷π¢â“ß∫π (æ◊™æ«°
W °≈⫬‰¡â∑’Ë¡’°“√‡®√‘≠·∫∫π’È®–‰¡à¡’≈”≈Ÿ°

X °≈⫬ °“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°®–ÕÕ°∑“ߥâ“π¢â“ß

Y  à«π¬Õ¥®–‡ªìπ à«π∑Ë’¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

Z ¢Õßµâπ·≈–„∫‡∑“à πÈ—π

monosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡Àπß÷Ë ·∑ßà ´ß÷Ë ‰¡¡à §’ àŸ (æ∏.) moth, shoot º‡’  Õ◊È ‡®“–¬Õ¥ π

monosomics æ◊™´÷Ëß¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢“¥À“¬‰ª moth, tip º‡’  Õ◊È ‡®“–¬Õ¥ π

Àπ÷ßË ·∑ßà (¥Ÿ aneuploids) mother tree æ◊™µâπ·¡à„π°“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå

monoploid ¥Ÿ haploid mothproofer «—µ∂ÿ¡’æ‘…∑Ë’„™â„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π

monotypic  °≈ÿ ¢Õßæ™◊ ∑ª’Ë √–°Õ∫¥«â ¬æ™◊ ‡æ¬’ ß °”®¥— ·¡≈߇ Õ◊È ºâ“

1 ™π‘¥ motilemotor cell ‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑Ë’‚¥¬Õ“»—¬°“√

moor ∑ÿßà ¡—«√*å , ∑ßàÿ ‚≈àß¡’µπâ ‰¡‡â ≈°Á Ê ·≈–À≠“â À¥µ«—

¢÷πÈ Õ¬àŸ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª motor cell ¥Ÿ bulliform cell

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

195

mottle ®ÿ¥ª√–, ®ÿ¥ ’¢Õߥ‘π∑’ˇ°‘¥°√–®“¬Õ¬àŸ move line  “¬¬“â ¬‡§√◊ÕË ß°«“â π* A
B
„π™—ÈπÀπ⓵—¥¥‘π æ∫„π¥‘π∑Ë’¡’°“√√–∫“¬ movement °“√¢¬“¬·≈–À¥* (S. working) C
D
π”È §Õà π¢â“߇≈« moving load (ing) π”È Àπ—°‡≈Õ◊Ë π* E
F
mottle figure ≈“¬®ÿ¥* mow ∑’Ë ”À√∫— ‡°∫Á À≠â“·ÀâßÀ√◊Õø“ß G
H
mottle leaf ‚√§„∫·°«â (¥Ÿ frenching) mow, to 1. ‡°∫Á À≠Ⓣ«â„π∑’Ë ”À√∫— ‡°Á∫ 2. µ¥— I
J
mottled rot °“√ºÿ¥“à ß* (À≠“â À√◊Õ∏—≠æ◊™) ¥â«¬‡§√ÕË◊ ßµ¥— , µ¥— À√◊Õ K
L
mould 1. ‡™ÈÕ◊ √“* 2. ¥π‘ √à«π ‡°¬Ë’ «æ™◊ ´Ëß÷ Õ¬Ÿà„π‰√à M
N
mould, sooty √“¥” mower ‡§√ËÕ◊ ßµ¥— À≠â“ O
P
mouldboard : moldboard ª°ï ‰∂ mower, off-set flail ‡§√Ë◊Õßµ—¥À≠â“™π‘¥„∫ Q
R
mouldboard extension µ«— µÕà ªï°‰∂ ¡¥’ ‡¬◊ÈÕ߉ª∑“ߥ“â π¢â“ߢÕß·∑√°‡µÕ√å S
T
mouldboard hiller Õÿª°√≥å∑’˵‘¥°—∫‡§√◊ËÕß mower, rotary ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßµ¥— À≠“â ™π¥‘ À¡πÿ ‡À«¬Ë’ ß U
V
‡µ√’¬¡¥‘π ”À√—∫™à«¬æŸπ¥‘π„π√àÕß∑Ë’ª≈Ÿ° mower, two rotor ‡§√ËÕ◊ ßµ¥— À≠“â ™π‘¥„∫¡’¥ W
X
‰«·â ≈«â À¡πÿ 2 ™¥ÿ Y
Z
mouldboard plough ‰∂À«— À¡Ÿ mt. bay pine  πÀπ“¡„∫‡≈Á° (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ

moulding 1. °“√∑”·∫∫, µπâ ·∫∫, °“√∑”‰¡â Araucaria cunninghamii, Sweet)

µ“¡·∫∫* 2. ‰¡âµ“¡·∫∫* M-toothed saw ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬øíπ§Ÿ*à

moulding, weather ‰¡â∫—ß∏√≥’ª√–µŸ* mucilage ‡¡Õ◊ ° (æƒ.)

(S.weather- board) mucilage cell ‡´≈≈凡Õ◊ °*

moulded plywood ‰¡âÕ¥— µ“¡·∫∫* mucilaginous fibre ‡ âπ„¬‡Àπ¬’ «

moulded timber ‰¡µâ “¡·∫∫* mucilaginous material  “√‡Àπ¬’ «

mouldy ¢π÷È √“, √«à π muck (∑—∫»—æ∑å), «— ¥ÿÕ‘π∑√’¬å´Ë÷ß ≈“¬µ—«

Moulmein lance wood ¢“π“ß, §–π“ß (µπâ ‰¡â  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ®π‰¡à “¡“√∂∫àß∫Õ° ¿“懥‘¡

„π °ÿ≈ Homalium tomentosum, ‰¥â¡’ ’‡¢â¡·≈–¡’Õ‘π∑√’¬ “√¡“°°«à“ peat

Benth.) ‡°‘¥¢π÷È µ“¡∑´’Ë ßË÷ ¡°’ “√√–∫“¬πÈ”‰¡ à –¥«°

mound layering °“√∑∫— °ßË‘ ·∫∫°≈∫‚§π ∑”‰¥â mucosa ‡¬ËÕ◊ ∫ÿ≈”‰ â

‚¥¬æŸπ¥‘π∂¡‚§πµâπ ∫“ß∑’µ—¥æÿà¡„Àâ mucro ª≈“¬·À≈¡ È—π

‡À≈◊Õ·µàµÕ·≈⫇Փ¥‘π°≈∫ °‘Ëß®–·µ° mucronate ¥Ÿ mucronulate

√“°·≈–ÀπàÕ¢÷Èπ¡“ mucronulate ª≈“¬·À≈¡ È—π·≈–¡¢’ 𓥇≈Á°

mountain range ‡∑◊Õ°‡¢“ mucus ‡¡◊Õ°, ¡Ÿ° ( «.)

mountain ridge  π— ‡¢“ mudflow °“√‰À≈¢Õß‚§≈π, ‚§≈π‰À≈*

mounted æ«à ßµ‘¥* mud ski °√–¥“π∂’∫ (‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊ՙ૬„π°“√

mouth √Õ¬∫“°Àπâ“*, √Õ¬∫“°≈à“ß* ª√–¡ßÕ¬à“ßÀπË÷ß ‡ªìπ·ºàπ°√–¥“π§àÕπ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 196

A ¢â“߬“« À—«ßÕπ‡™‘¥ °«â“ßæÕ∑Ë’®–„Àâ§π ‚§√‚¡‚´¡´Ë÷ß· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“„π·∫∫º≈∫«°
(æ∏.)
B π˗ߧÿ°‡¢à“„™â‡∑â“∂’∫°√–¥“π„À⇧≈Ë◊Õπ∑’ˉ¥â multiple factor inheritance æπ— ∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß
≈°— …≥–∑’∂Ë °Ÿ §«∫§¡ÿ ‚¥¬¬π’ À≈“¬§Ÿà
C µ“¡§«“¡ª√– ß§å „™â„π°“√®—∫Õ«π√—ß multiple fruit º≈√«¡, º≈∑Ë’‡°¥‘ ®“°™àÕ¥Õ°
D ‡™πà  —∫ª–√¥ ‡ªπì µâπ
E À√Õ◊ ‡°Á∫ÀÕ¬ ªŸ ·≈–·¡ß¥“∑–‡≈) multiple genes ¥Ÿ multiple factors
multiple perforation ™àÕß∑–≈ÿª≈“¬‡´≈≈å
F mudstone À‘π‚§≈π* À≈“¬™Õà ß*
G mug wort ‚°Ø∞å®ÿÓ≈”æ“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ multiple radial pore æÕ√·å Ω¥µ“¡√—»¡*’
multiple regression equation  ¡°“√
H Artemisia indica, Willd.) ∂¥∂Õ¬æÀ§ÿ ≥Ÿ *
multiple ring «ß‡µ‘∫‚µ´Õâ π*
I mulberry À¡àÕπ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Morus alba, multiple use forestry ¥Ÿ forestry, multiple-
use
J L.) multi-ply (‰¡Õâ ¥— ) À≈“¬™—Èπ*
multiseriate ray √»— ¡’À≈“¬·∂«*
K mulch «— ¥ÿ§≈¡ÿ ¥‘π mum ‡∫≠®¡“» (¥Ÿ chrysanthemum)
ML mulch, polyolefin  “√‚æ≈‡‘ ¡Õ√™å 𥑠ÀπËß÷ ´ßË÷ mung bean ∂Ë«— ‡¢’¬« (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Phaseolus
N „™â‡ªπì «— ¥§ÿ ≈¡ÿ ¥π‘ aureus, Roxb.)
O mulching °“√§≈¡ÿ ¥π‘ muricate º«‘ ¢√ÿ¢√–‡ªìπµ–ªÉÿ¡µ–ªò”
muriform ‡ªπì √Õ¬∫ÿ¡ã ‡≈°Á Ê
P mull ¢ÿ¬æ◊™ºÿ muscology «‘∑¬“À≠“â ¡Õ  å

Q multicarpellate √—߉¢à∑¡’Ë æ’ Ÿ√—߉¢à¡“°°«“à 1 æŸ

R (¥Ÿ compound ovary)

S multicellular À≈“¬‡´≈≈å
T
U multiciliate ¡’¢π¡“°

V multinutrient mixtures ª¬ÿÜ À≈“¬∏“µÿ
W multiple alleles ™ÿ¥¢Õ߬’π∑¡Ë’ “°°«“à 2 µ«—

X ¢÷Èπ‰ª·µàÕ¬àŸ∑Ë’µ”·Àπà߇¥’¬«°—π¢Õß

Y ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ·µ≈à –µ«— ¡º’ ≈µÕà °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°

Z ‰¥µâ à“ßÊ °—π (æ∏.)

multiple cropping °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™„Àâ “¡“√∂ muscovite (∑—∫»æ— ∑)å , ·√°à ≈’∫À‘π¢“«*

‡°∫Á ‡°Ë¬’ «‰¥âÀ≈“¬√πàÿ „π√Õ∫ªï musk melon ·µß‰∑¬ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Cusumis

multiple embryo ¡§’ æ— ¿–¡“°°«à“ 1 µâπµÕà melo, L.)

‡¡≈¥Á mussel-shell creeper Õ≠— ™—π, Õ—ß™—π (æ™◊ „π

multiple factors ¡¬’ π’ (gene) µß—È ·µà 2 §¢Ÿà πÈ÷ ‰ª  °≈ÿ Clitoria ternatea, L.)

·µ≈à –µ«— ¡°’ ”≈ß— ‡∑“à °π— ∑”ß“πª√– “π°π— must πÈ”Õßàÿπ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√À¡—°‰«πå

‚¥¬‰¡¡à ¬’ π’ µ«— ‰Àπ‡ªπì ≈°— …≥–¢¡à À√Õ◊ ¥Õâ ¬ mustard, curled º—°°“¥‡¢’¬«„∫À¬°— (æ™◊ „π

multiple factor hypothesis °“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥  °ÿ≈ Brassica juncea, Coss. var.

≈—°…≥–¢Õ߬’π∫πÀ≈“¬µ”·ÀπàߢÕß crispifolia)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

197

mustard, green º°— °“¥‡¢¬’ «ª≈’ (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ mycelium ‡ πâ „¬À√◊Õ “¬„¬¢Õß√“ A
B
Brassica juncea, Coss.) mycology «‘∑¬“‡À¥Á √“ C
D
mutagen  ‘Ëß°àÕ°“√°≈“¬ mycophage ‡™Õ◊È « ‘ “¢Õß√“ E
F
mutant  “¬æ—π∏ÿ°å ≈“¬, º≈®“°°“√°≈“¬,  Ë‘ß mycoplasma ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–°”È °Ë÷ß G
H
¡’™’«‘µ´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–·ª≈°„À¡à‡°‘¥¢È÷π √–À«à“ß·∫§∑‡’ √¬’ ·≈–‰«√—  I
J
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏åÿ (æ∏.) mycorrhiza ‡ÀÁ¥√“∑’ÕË “»—¬Õ¬àŸ√à«¡°—∫√“°æ™◊ K
L
mutation 1. °“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿ,å °“√º“à ‡À≈“à , °“√ mycorrhiza, ectotrophic ‡À¥Á √“∑ËÕ’ “»¬— Õ¬Ÿà M
N
°≈“¬≈—°…≥– (‡ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ß √à«¡°—∫√“°æ™◊ ·µÕà “»—¬Õ¬πàŸ Õ°‡´≈≈å O
P
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‚¥¬∑—π∑’∑—π„¥ Õ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π mycorrhiza, endotrophic ‡ÀÁ¥√“∑Õ’Ë “»¬— Õ¬àŸ Q
R
‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏åÿÀ√◊Õ„π‡´≈≈å‡π◊ÈÕÀπ—ß °√≥’ ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈√å “°æ◊™ S
T
∑’ˇ°‘¥°—∫‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ “¡“√∂𔉪¢¬“¬ mycotoxin æ‘…√“ U
V
æπ— ∏åÿ·∫∫„™‡â 滉¥)â 2. °“√‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈ß myna, common π°‡ÕÈ’¬ß “≈‘°“ (π°„π °ÿ≈ W
X
®”π«πÀ√Õ◊ ‚§√ß √“â ߢÕ߬π’ (gene) ·≈– Acridotheres tristis) Y
Z
‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 3. °“√·ª√ ¿“æÕ¬à“ß∂“«√ myna, crested π°‡Õ’Ȭߥ”, π°‡Õ’ȬßÀßÕπ

¢Õ߬’π®“° allele ™π‘¥Àπ÷Ë߉ª‡ªìπ allele (π°„π °ÿ≈ Acridotheres javanicus)

Õ’°™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ myna, golden-crested π° “≈‘°“≈‘Èπ∑Õß

mutation, chromosome °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß (π°„π °≈ÿ Acridotheres coronatus)

‚§√ß √â“ßÀ√◊Õ®”π«π¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‡™àπ myna, hill π°¢πÿ ∑Õß (π°„π °≈ÿ Gracula

deletions, duplications, inversion, religiosa)

translocations ·≈–°“√¡’®”π«π myoglobin ‡¡¥Á ‚ª√µπ’  ·’ ¥ßæ∫„π‡´≈≈°å ≈“â ¡

‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µ°µà“߉ª®“°æ◊™ diploid ‡π◊ÈÕ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿ‡À≈Á°∑”Àπâ“∑Ë’‡°Á∫

ª√°µ‘ √—°…“ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ”À√—∫‡´≈≈å

mutation, gene °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß‚§√ß √â“ß myology «‘∑¬“°≈“â ¡‡πÕ◊È

¢Õ߬’π∑”„À⇰¥‘ ¬π’ µ—«„À¡¢à πÈ÷ myristic acid °√¥‰¢¡—πÕË‘¡µ—«™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß

mutton ‡πÕ◊È ·°–À√Õ◊ ‡πÕÈ◊ ·æ–∑Ë’‰¥®â “° µ— «Õå “¬ÿ æ∫„ππÈ”¡—πÀ¡Ÿ·≈–πÈ”¡π— ¡–æ√â“«

¡“°°«“à 1 ªï myrobalan  ¡Õ‰∑¬ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

mutualism ¿“«–æ÷ßË æ“°—π Terminalia chebula, Retz.)

muzzle 1. ∫√‘‡«≥®¡Ÿ°·≈–ª“°¢Õß —µ«å myrobalan, emblic ¡–¢“¡ªÑÕ¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π

2. µ–°√Õâ  «¡ª“° µ— «å 3.  «¡ª“°¥â«¬  °ÿ≈ Phyllanthus emblica, L.)

µ–°√âÕ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 198

A N
B

C n, 2n  —≠≈°— …≥·å  ¥ß®”π«π™¥ÿ ¢Õß haploid navicular ¡√’ Ÿª§≈⓬‡√◊Õ

D ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ (æ∏.) neap : neaped timber ´ßÿ §â“ß·≈ßâ *
E
F nail-holding power °”≈—߬¥÷ µ–ª*Ÿ ne(a)t size ¢π“¥À≈—ßµ∫·µàß* (S. actual

G naked 1. ‰¡à¡’°≈∫’ ¥Õ°À√◊Õ°≈’∫√Õß 2. ‰¡¡à ’ measure)

H ‡°≈Á¥ (ª¡.) necrosis ‚√§‡´≈≈µå “¬

I naked flower ¥Õ°‰¡â∑’ˉ¡à¡’°≈’∫¥Õ°À√◊Õ nectary ¡’π”È À«“π

J °≈∫’ √Õß needle cast °“√√à«ß¢Õß„∫ π

K nape §ÕµÕà needle holes √Ÿ‡¢¡Á * (‡≈Á°°«à“ pinholes)

L napiform √“°∑Ë’¡’√ªŸ ·ªπÑ °≈¡, ∑√ߪÉÕß∫π needle tail π°π“ß·Õàπ„À≠Àà “ßÀπ“¡ (π°„π
M  °≈ÿ Hirundapus sp.)
N Napoleonûs willow À≈«‘ , ≈«È‘ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ
neem tree  –‡¥“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Antelaea
O Salix babylonica, L.)
azadirachta, Adelb.)
P narra ª√–¥Ÿà (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Pterocarpus

Q indicus, Willd.) Negro peach °√–∑àÕ¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

R narrow crotch ßà“¡¡¡ÿ ·§∫ Mitragyna speciosa, Korth.)

S narrow leaf cattail ∏ªŸ ƒÂ…’, °°™“â ß (¥Ÿ flag) nematocide  “√ªÑÕß°π— °”®¥— ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ πΩÕ¬

T narrow-ringed «ß‡µ∫‘ ‚µ·§∫* nematode ‰ ‡â ¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬
U nematology «‘∑¬“‰ â‡¥Õ◊ πΩÕ¬
V natal grass À≠“â  ™’ ¡æŸ [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ neptunia º—°°√–‡©¥ (¥Ÿ water cress)

W Rhynchelytrum repens, (Willd.) GE.

X Hubb.] nerve ‡ âπµà“ßÊ ∑ÕË’ ¬à∫Ÿ π„∫·≈–°≈’∫¥Õ°¢Õß

Y natural circulation kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫Õ“°“» æ◊™ (æƒ.)

Z À¡πÿ ‡«¬’ π∏√√¡™“µ*‘ nesting °“√„ ªà ¬Üÿ ‡ªπì °√–®°ÿ , °“√„ ªà ¬ÿÜ ‡¡¥Á ‚µ

natural organics  “√Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ∏å √√¡™“µ‘ „µºâ ‘«¥‘π

natural preservation °“√¥Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ßæ◊™ net, blue mullet Õ«π‡ª≈

‡æË◊Õ„Àâ§ß≈—°…≥–‡¥¡‘ net, flapper Õ«πª¥î ª√–µ‚Ÿ ª–Ö

natural resin ¬“ßπ”È ¡π— ‰¡*â (S. pith) net absorption °“√¥¥Ÿ ´÷¡ ÿ∑∏‘*

natural science «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∏√√¡™“µ‘ net retention ª√‘¡“≥§ßÕ¬àŸ* (S. final

natural selection °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ retention)

naval stores ™—π π·≈–π”È ¡π—  π, º≈µ‘ ¿—≥±å net scale °“√«¥— ´ÿßÀ—°µ”Àπ*‘

¬“ß π* netted ‡ªìπ√à“ß·À

navel  –¥◊Õ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

199

net trap, bamboo screen ®—π∑“ (‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ nitrifying bacteria ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ A
B
®∫—  µ— «åπ”È ª√–‡¿∑‚ªÖ–™π¥‘ Àπ÷Ëß) ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬„À⇪ìπ‰π‰µ√∑å·≈–‰π‡µ√∑´Ë÷ß C
D
net venetion ‡ âπ„¬·∫∫√à“ß·À ‡ªìπ√Ÿª∑Ë’æ™◊  “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√‰¥â E
F
neurology ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ nitrogen assimilation °“√¥¥Ÿ „™â‰π‚µ√‡®π G
H
neuron ‡´≈≈åª√– “∑ nitrogen cycle «Ø— ®°— √‰π‚µ√‡®π I
J
neutral axis ·°π –‡∑‘π, ·°π‡ªπì °≈“ß* nitrogen fixation °“√µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π (°“√ K
L
neutral flower ¥Õ°∑’ˉ¡¡à ‡’ ° √µ«— º·âŸ ≈–µ«— ‡¡¬’ ‡ª≈Ë’¬π ¿“æ¢Õ߉π‚µ√‡®π„πÕ“°“»„Àâ M
N
(∫“ß∑À’ ¡“¬∂ß÷ ¥Õ°µ«— º)⟠‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫‰π‚µ√‡®π ‚¥¬®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å O
P
neutralization °“√∑”„À⇪πì °≈“ß ∑Õ’Ë ¬µàŸ “¡√“°¢Õßæ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ ∂«Ë— À√Õ◊ ®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ å Q
R
neutralizing power Õ”π“®„π°“√∑”„À⇪ìπ Õ ‘ √–∫“ß™π¥‘ „π¥‘π) S
T
°≈“ß nitrogen free extract  “√∑¬Ë’ ß— ‡À≈Õ◊ Õ¬Ÿà„πæ™◊ U
V
neutralizing value §à“°“√∑”„À‡â ªìπ°≈“ß (ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√®”æ«°·ªÑß) ¿“¬À≈—ß W
X
neutral soil ¥π‘ ∑’ˉ¡‡à ªπì °√¥À√Õ◊ ¥“à ß (pH ¢Õß ®“°∑‚Ë’ ª√µπ’ ‡∂“â °“°  “√ °¥— Õ‡’ ∑Õ√å ·≈– Y
Z
¥‘π‡∑à“°—∫ 6.6-7.3) §«“¡™Èπ◊ ∂°Ÿ  °—¥ÕÕ°‰ªÀ¡¥·≈«â

neutral surface √–π“∫‡ªπì °≈“ß* nitrogen management °“√®¥— °“√‰π‚µ√‡®π,

newborn ≈°Ÿ  —µ«å‡°‘¥„À¡à °“√®—¥°“√¥π‘ ‡æÕË◊ §«∫§ÿ¡«ß®√‰π‚µ√‡®π

Newguinea creeper æ«ß‚°‡¡π (‰¡âª√–¥—∫ nitrogen stabilizer  “√∑Ë’∑”„Àâ‰π‚µ√‡®π

„π °≈ÿ Mucuna bennettii) §ßµ—«,  “√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ Ÿ≠À“¬¢Õߪÿܬ

nigger ‡§√ËÕ◊ ßæ≈°‘ ´ßÿ * (S. log turner) ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬¡„π¥π‘

night brooming jasmine °√√≥°‘ “√å (‰¡¥â Õ° nitrogen tie up °“√∑Ë’∏“µÿ‰π‚µ√‡®π∂°Ÿ ¥Ÿ¥‰ª

„π °≈ÿ Nyctanthes arbotristis, L.) „™â„π°“√ —߇§√“–À凴≈≈å¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„π

night jar π°µ∫¬ÿß ¥‘π ∑”„Àâ¥‘π¢“¥‰π‚µ√‡®π‰ª™Ë—«√–¬–

niltava π°π≈‘ µ«“ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Niltava sp.) ‡«≈“ÀπËß÷

nipa palm ®“° (ª“≈å¡„π °ÿ≈ Nipa nitrogenous materials «— ¥‰ÿ π‚µ√‡®π

fruiticans, Wurmb.) nocturnal ·Ààß√µ— µ‘°“≈, „π¬“¡°≈“ߧπ◊

nipple ®ÿ° (º≈‰¡)â nocturnal anthesis ¥Õ°‰¡â∑∫’Ë “π‡«≈“°≈“ß-

nitrate reduction °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬‡ªπì §π◊ (¡°— ∫“π‡æ¬’ ߧπ◊ ‡¥¬’ « √ßÿà ¢π÷È °√Á «à ßÀ¡¥)

‰π‡µ√∑ nocturnal life ÕÕ°À“°‘πµÕπ°≈“ߧ◊𠇙πà

nitrification °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π‡°≈◊Õ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬„Àâ §â“ߧ“«

‡ªπì ‰π‡µ√∑‚¥¬‡™Õ◊È ·∫§∑’‡√¬’ ∫“ß™π¥‘ nodal ‡°‘¥®“°¢Õâ

nitrification inhibitor  “√¬∫— ¬—ßÈ °“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π node ¢âÕµàÕ¢ÕßµâπÀ≠“â ∑Ë¡’ ’„∫ßÕ°ÕÕ°¡“

‡°≈Õ◊ ·Õ¡‚¡‡π¬’ „À⇪πì ‰π‡µ√∑

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 200

A node weed º—°·§√¥,  —∫°“ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ normal 1. ª√°µ‘ 2. ·π«©“° ‡ âπ·π«©“°
normal diameter ‡ âπº“à »Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߪ√°µ‘*
B „π °≈ÿ Synedrella nodiflora, Gaertn.) normal frequency distribution °“√

C nodose ‡ªπì ª¡ ·®°·®ß§«“¡∂˪’ √°µ‘*
normal soil ¥‘π∑’Ë¡’™—Èπ¢Õߥ‘πª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
D nodulation °“√‡°‘¥ª¡
E  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑Ë’ ”§—≠ 2 Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ æ◊™∑’Ë
F nodule ª¡ („π√“°æ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ ∂«—Ë ), ¢Õâ ¢Õß≈”µπâ ¢π÷È Õ¬µŸà “¡∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈–¥π‘ ø“Ñ Õ“°“» ‚¥¬
ª√°µ‘‡°‘¥¢È÷π∫πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’≈ÿà¡Ê ¥ÕπÊ ‡æ’¬ß
G nodule bacteria ·∫§∑’‡√¬’ „㦭 (∂«—Ë ) ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ „π∑Ë’√“∫ Ÿß °“√√–∫“¬π”È ¥’
H nodulose ‡ªπì ª¡‡≈Á° Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑“ß™’««‘∑¬“®–¡’º≈¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥µàÕ
I nog ‰¡ â ≈°— , ‰¡Õâ ÿ¥* (S. holing block) °“√‡°¥‘ ¥‘ππÈ’
nose 1. ®¡°Ÿ ´ßÿ , ≈“¥À«— ´ßÿ * (S. snape, snipe,
J nomenclature °“√µßÈ— ™◊ÕË snout) 2. ßÕπ‡≈Ë◊Õπ*
nose-bar §“π°¥*, ®¡°Ÿ §“π°¥ (S. pressure
K nomenclature, binomial °“√µ—Èß™◊ËÕ·∫∫ bar)
nose-bar gap ™à«ß®¡Ÿ°§“π°¥, ™àÕߧ“π°¥
L ∑«π‘ “¡ ·π«πÕπ* (S. pressure bar gap)
nostril √®Ÿ ¡Ÿ°
M nominal density §«“¡·ππà °“√∑¥ Õ∫* notch 1. √Õ¬‡®“–*, √Õ¬∫“°* (S. gain)
2. √Õ¬∫“°≈“à ß*, √Õ¬∫“°Àπâ“*
N nominal grade ‡°√¥ªÜÿ¬‡≈¢®”π«π‡µÁ¡ notch, to ∫“°°“π* (S. notch girdle)
O notch, keyhole √Õ¬‡®“–√ªŸ √Ÿ°ÿ≠·®*
P nominal measure °“√«¥— °Õà πµ∫·µßà *, ¢π“¥ notch girdle ∫“°°“π* (S. notch)
Q °àÕπµ∫·µàß* nougat ¢ÕßÀ«“π™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß≈—°…≥–§≈⓬

R nominal size ¢π“¥¡“µ√∞“π*, ¢π“¥√–∫ÿ*
S non-disjunction ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑Ë’¡“®—∫§àŸ°—π·≈â«

T ‰¡·à ¬°ÕÕ°®“°°π— ‰ªÕ¬§àŸ π≈–¢«—È ·µ°à ≈∫—

U ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑Ë¢’ —È«‡¥’¬«°π— ∑—ßÈ 2 Õ—π

V non-pored wood ‰¡â‰√âæÕ√*å

W non-pressure treatment «∏‘ °’ “√‰¡à„™§â «“¡¥π— *

X nonreacting salt pair §‡Ÿà °≈◊Õ‰¡∑à ”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“,
Y  “√º ¡¢Õ߇°≈Õ◊ 2 ™π¥‘ ´Ëß÷ ¡Õ’ πÿ¡Ÿ≈µ«—
Z Àπ÷Ë߇À¡◊Õπ°—π ®ß÷ ‰¡∑à ”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“µÕà °—π

nonrecurrent parent µ«— „Àâ (¥Ÿ donor parent) marshmallow ·µàÀ«“π°«à“·≈–

non-secretory space ™àÕß√–À«“à ߇´≈≈剡¡à ’ §«“¡™◊ÈπµË”°«“à , µß— ‡¡

¬“ß* nourish ‡≈Ȭ’ ß, ∂πÕ¡

nonslurry process °√–∫«π°“√º≈µ‘ ªÿܬ‡¡Á¥ novirame °Ë‘ ß ∑’Ë„Àâ¥Õ°º≈Õ—π‡°‘¥¡“®“°

´Ë÷ߪíôπ‡¡Á¥‚¥¬‰¡à∑”ªÜÿ¬º ¡„À⇪ìπ “√ primocane

‡À≈«¢πâ °Õà π nozzle À«— ©’¥, ª“°°√–∫Õ°©’¥

Norfolk island pine  π©µ— √ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ nucellar embryo §æ— ¿–∑Ë’‡°¥‘ ®“° nucellus

Araucaria excelsa, R. Br. var. robusta, nucellar embryony °“√∑Ë’‡´≈≈å„π nucellus

HK.) ‡®√‘≠¢÷Èπ‡ªìπµâπÕàÕπ„π‡¡≈Á¥‚¥¬‰¡àºà“π

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

201

√–¬– gametophyte (¥Ÿ embryony, ad- nutmeg tree ®—π∑πå‡∑» (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ A
B
ventitious) Myristica fragrans, L.) C
D
nucellar seedling µπâ °≈â“∑‡Ë’ °‘¥®“° nucellus nutrient ∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™,  “√Õ“À“√,  “√‡§¡∑’ ’Ë E
F
nucellus °≈à¡ÿ ‡´≈≈å meristem ∑’Ë„Àâ°”‡π¥‘ ‰¢à æ™◊ ¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª‡æ◊ÕË „™‡â ªπì Õ“À“√ G
H
nuchal µÕπÀ«— , ·Àßà  π— À≈—ß§Õ nutrient antagonism ¿“«–ªØ‘ªí°…å∏“µÿ I
J
nucleolus ‚ª√‚µæ≈“ ´¡Ë— ∑√’Ë «¡µ«— °π— ‡ªπì °Õâ π Õ“À“√æ◊™ K
L
‡≈Á°Ê„π𑫇§≈’¬  nutrient balance  ¡¥ÿ≈∏“µÕÿ “À“√æ◊™ M
N
nucleus ‚ª√‚µæ≈“ ´¡—Ë ∑ÕË’ ¬¿Ÿà “¬„π‡´≈≈å¡À’ π“â nutrient concentration §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∏“µÿ O
P
∑‡Ë’ °¬Ë’ «°∫— °“√·∫ßà ‡´≈≈·å ≈–°®‘ °√√¡µ“à ßÊ Õ“À“√æ◊™ Q
R
¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å æ∫„π‡´≈≈å∑Ë¡’ ™’ ’«‘µ∑°ÿ ‡´≈≈å nutrient diffusion °“√·æ√∏à “µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊ S
null hypothesis  ¡¡µ‘∞“π·√°,  ¡¡µ∞‘ “π∑Ë’ nutrient efficient plant æ◊™¡’ª√– ∑‘ ∏‘¿“æ T
U
πà“®–‡ªπì ®√‘ß* ¥Ÿ¥„™∏â “µÿÕ“À“√ V
W
nullisome : nullisomic æ◊™´÷Ëß¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡ nutrient interaction ªØ ‘ ¡— æπ— ∏∏å “µÕÿ “À“√æ™◊ X
Y
¢“¥À“¬‰ªÀπß÷Ë §Ÿà (¥Ÿ aneuploids) nutrient management °“√®—¥°“√∏“µÕÿ “À“√ Z

numerical hybrid ¥Ÿ hybrid, numerical nutrient plant ∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊

nurse æ◊™∑ˇ’ æ“–™” nutrient stress §«“¡‡§πâ ∏“µÕÿ “À“√æ◊™

nursery ‡√◊Õπ‡æ“–™”,  ∂“π‡æ“–™” nutrient supplying power §«“¡ “¡“√∂„Àâ
nursery, bush  ∂“π‡æ“–™”™—Ë«§√“« ∏“µÿÕ“À“√

nursery, seedling  ∂“π∑’ˇ擖°≈“â ‰¡â nutrient uptake °“√¥Ÿ¥„™â∏“µÿÕ“À“√

nursery, transplant  ∂“π∑™Ë’ ”°≈“â ‰¡â nutrition ‚¿™π“°“√, ‚¿™π»“ µ√å
nursery bed ·ª≈߇擖™” nutritious ¡’§≥ÿ §“à ∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√

nursery pot ·∑ßà ‡æ“–™” nux vomica tree · ≈ß„® (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

nursery stock °≈“â ‰¡â„π ∂“π∑‡Ë’ æ“–™” Strychnos nuxvomica, L.)
nursing, flying ¥Ÿ nursery, bush n-value §“à n, §à“· ¥ß§«“¡ ¡— æ—π∏√å –À«à“ß

nut 1. º≈™π‘¥∑Ë’‰¡à·µ° ¡’≈—°…≥–·¢Áß √âÕ¬≈–¢Õßπ”È „π¥‘π„π ¿“æ π“¡°—∫

¡’‡¡≈¥Á ‡æ¬’ ß 1 ‡¡≈Á¥ 2. ·ªÑπ‡°≈’¬« √âÕ¬≈–¢Õߥ‘π‡À𒬫 ·≈–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «—µ∂ÿ„π

nut gall ª¡°ßË‘ * √Ÿª¢Õߌ«‘ ¡—  (ª∞.)

nut hatch π°‰µà‰¡â (π°„π °ÿ≈ Sitta sp.) nymph µ«— ÕÕà π (·¡≈ß)

nut like §≈“â ¬≈Ÿ° ¡Õ nymphoides ∫—«∫“, ∫“ («—™æ◊™π”È „π °ÿ≈

nut structure √ªŸ √à“ß„π°“√‡°“–‡√’¬ß°π— ¢Õß Nymphoides indica, O. Ktze.)

Õπÿ¿“§¥π‘

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 202

A O
B

C oak apple ª¡°ß‘Ë ‚Õä§* oceanic climate ≈¡øÑ“Õ“°“»∑’ˇªìπÕ¬Ÿà‚¥¬

D oak-leaf fern ™“¬º“â  ’¥“ (‰¡ªâ √–¥—∫„π °≈ÿ Õ∑‘ ∏æ‘ ≈¢Õßπ”È „π¡À“ ¡∑ÿ √
E
F Platycerium wallichii, Hk.) oceanography  ¡∑ÿ √»“ µ√å

G oat ¢“â «‚Õäµ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Avena sativa, L.) ocellus ®¥ÿ

H ob- °≈—∫§«Ë”≈ß ‡™àπ obovate À¡“¬∂ß÷ √ªŸ ‰¢à ochreous ¡’ ’·¥ßÀ√Õ◊ ‡À≈Õ◊ ß

I ∑°Ë’ ≈∫— ‡Õ“ «à π∫π≈ß≈“à ß ocrea ·ºπà „∫µ√ß∫√‘‡«≥¢âÕ ‡°¥‘ ®“°°“√‡™ËÕ◊ ¡

J o.b. (over bark : outside bark) π.ª. (‡ÀπÕ◊ °π— ¢ÕßÀ„Ÿ ∫ (stipule) 2 Õ—π

K ‡ª≈◊Õ°*) odd length 1. §«“¡¬“«§*’Ë 2. §«“¡¬“«§≈–*

L obcompressed µ—È߉¥â©“°°—∫æÈ◊πº‘«À√◊Õ·°π (S. random length)
M odd pinnate ¥Ÿ compound leaf
N Õ—π·√° offcut 1. ‡»…‰¡âª≈“¬‰¡â* („π‚√ßß“π)

O obconical √ªŸ °√«¬∑ˇ’ Õ“ª≈“¬≈ß

P obcordate ‡«â“≈°÷ ≈ßµ√ß à«πª≈“¬ ∑”„À‡â °‘¥ 2. ª°ï ‰¡*â

Q  «à π∑¡Ë’ ≈’ °— …≥–§≈“â ¬ÀŸ (lobe) ¡¢’ 𓥄À≠à officinal ‡ªìπ¬“

R obdiplostemonous ¡’«ß‡° √µ«— ºŸâ 2 «ß‡°¥‘ off products ‡»…‰¡âª≈“¬‰¡*â („πªÉ“)

S  ≈∫— °—π offset 1. ‰À≈¢Õâ , ÀπÕà (æƒ.) 2. ‡§√Ë◊Õ߇∫¬’Ë ß*

T oblanceolate ´Ë÷ß¡’√Ÿª§≈⓬„∫ÀÕ°∑Ë’‡Õ“ à«π (∫π·∑πà ªÕÑ π´ßÿ ) («π.)
U offspring ≈°Ÿ À≈“π, ≈°Ÿ ( µ— «)å , ¥Õ°º≈(æ™◊ )
V ·À≈¡≈ß≈à“ß oil, anthracene πÈ”¡π— ·Õπ∑√“´π’ *

W oblate ¥Ÿ oblong

X obligate parasite µ«— ‡∫’¬π·∑â (°Ø’ .) oil, creosote πÈ”¡—π§√‚’ Õ‚´µ*

Y oblique ‡Õ’¬ß, ‡©¬’ ß oil, essential π”È ¡—πÀÕ¡√–‡À¬*

Z oblique shear °“√‡©Õ◊ πµ“¡·π«‡©¬’ ß* oil, green πÈ”¡π— ·Õπ∑√“´π’ *

oblong ¡’ «à 𬓫¡“°°«à“ à«π°«“â ß, √ªŸ ¢Õ∫ oil, pine πÈ”¡π—  π*

¢π“π oil, preservative πÈ”¡—π√—°…“‰¡â*

obovate ´÷Ëß¡√’ ªŸ ‰¢à ·µà à«π°«â“ßÕ¬àŸ¥â“π∫π oil, rosin πÈ”¡π— ™—π*

obovoid ∑√ßµ—π∑¡Ë’ ‡’  πâ ¢Õ∫‡ªπì √ªŸ ‰¢à oil, tung π”È ¡π— ∑—ß*, π”È ¡—π¡–¬“«*

obsolescent ‡°Õ◊ ∫„™â‰¡à‰¥â „™°â ∫—  «à π¢Õßæ™◊ ∑’Ë oil cell ‡´≈≈åπ”È ¡—π*

‰¡∑à ”ß“πÀ√◊Õª√“°Æ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‡æ¬’ ß𑥇¥¬’ « oil type preservative  “√ªÕÑ ß°π— √—°…“‡π◊ÈÕ

obsolete ‰¡™à ¥— ·®âß ‰¡âª√–‡¿∑πÈ”¡—π*,  “√Õ“∫‰¡âª√–‡¿∑

obtuse ª≈“¬À√◊Õ∞“π„∫∑Ë’¡¡’ ÿ¡ªÑ“π, ª“Ñ π, ¡π πÈ”¡—π*

occlusion °“√ßÕ°À¡ÿâ ·º≈ old alluvium µ–°ÕππÈ”æ“Õ“¬¡ÿ “°

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

203

old clearing ‰√√à “â ß opener ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡ª¥î √Õà ß∑¡’Ë ®’ “πÀ√Õ◊ ‡ ¬’ ¡µ¥‘ Õ¬àŸ A
B
old river levee  π— ¥‘π√‘¡≈”π”È ‡°“à ¥â“πÀπⓇ§√◊ÕË ßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈¥Á C
D
oleander ¬’Ë‚∂ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Nerium open grain ‡πÈ◊ÕÀ¬“∫* (S. coarse grain) E
F
indicum, Mill.) open joint √Õ¬µÕà ¢“â ߉¡àµ‘¥* G
H
oleoresin ¬“ßπÈ”¡—π‰¡â open-pollination °“√º ¡‡ªî¥, °“√º ¡ I
J
olericulture «‘™“∑«’Ë “à ¥«â ¬º°— ‡° √‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ ∑”„À≡à∑√“∫ K
L
olfactory °≈π‘Ë (odor) ‡°¥‘ ®“° “√‡§¡’ ‡™àπ «à“‡° √µ«— º¡Ÿâ “®“°µâπ‰Àπ∫“â ß M
N
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å, aldehyde, ketone, ester open stack °Õ߉¡·â ∫∫‚ª√ßà * O
P
œ≈œ ‡ªìπµπâ open stacking °“√°Õß (‰¡)â ‚ª√àß Q
R
oligo- ¡’πâÕ¬ ‡™àπ oligandrous À¡“¬∂÷ß¡’ open-tank treatment «∏‘ °’ “√·∫∫∂—߇ª¥î * S
T
‡° √µ«— ºŸâ 2-3 Õπ— , oligospermous À¡“¬ operating line  “¬≈“°* U
V
∂÷ß¡‡’ ¡≈¥Á 2-3 ‡¡≈Á¥ ‡ªìπµπâ opercle ∑˪’ ¥î ‡ÀßÕ◊ ° (ª¡.) W
X
oligomerous ¡’ à«πµ“à ßÊ πâÕ¬°«“à ª√°µ‘ opercular flap ·ºπà ∫“ßÊ ∑Ë’ªî¥‡Àß◊Õ° (ª¡.) Y
Z
olive ¡–°Õ°Ω√Ë—ß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Olea operculate ¡’Ω“ªî¥

europea, L.) operculum  à«π¢Õߺ≈À√◊Õ¥Õ°∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–

omasum °√–‡æ“–∑ Ë’ “¡¢Õß µ— «‡å §¬È’ «‡ÕÈ◊Õß §≈“â ¬Ω“ª¥î

omnivorous ¡’ à«πµ“à ßÊ πâÕ¬°«“à ª√°µ‘ opium poppy Ωòîπ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Papaver

one-lick method (fire) °“√¥∫— ‰ø·∫∫∑≈’ –§π somniferum, L.)

one-way ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡Õ◊ ° °‘ √√¡™π¥‘ Àπß÷Ë ª√–°Õ∫ opposite µ√ß°π— ¢â“¡ ‡™àπ °“√‡√¬’ ßµ—«¢Õß„∫

¥â«¬®“π‰∂°≈¡Ê „™âµ—°¥‘πÕÕ°‰«â∑“ß„¥ opposite pitting °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å

∑“ßÀπßË÷ ·∫∫µ√ß°π— ¢“â ¡*

ontogeny ª√–«—µ‘™’«æ—≤πå, °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ optimum temperature Õ≥ÿ À¿Ÿ¡æ‘ Õ‡À¡“–∑Ë’

À√◊Õ™’«ª√–«—µ‘¢Õß Ë‘ß∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µ À√◊Õ à«π æ™◊ ·≈– —µ«å‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â¥’∑Ë ’ ¥ÿ

¢Õß Ëß‘ ∑Ë¡’ ’™’«µ‘ orange  â¡ (‰¡ºâ ≈„π °≈ÿ Citrus sinensis,

oogamy °“√º ¡æπ— ∏‚ÿå ¥¬¡‡’ ™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»‡¡¬’ (egg) Osb.)

·≈–‡™◊ÈՇ滺Ÿâ (sperm) ‡¢â“‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß orange, sweet  ¡â ‡°≈’¬È ß,  â¡µ√“ (¥Ÿ or-

oogonium Õ«¬— «–´ßË÷ ‡ªπì ∑Õ’Ë ¬¢àŸ Õ߇™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»‡¡¬’ ange)

open assembly time ™«à ߇«≈“√Õª√–°∫* orbicular ¥Ÿ orbiculate

open-bundle ¡¥— ∑Õà πÈ”∑Õà Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’‡¬Ë◊Õ‡®√≠‘ orbiculate ‡ªìπ√ªŸ ®“πÀ√◊Õ«ß°≈¡ ‡™πà „∫∫—«

(cambium) orchard  «πº≈‰¡â

open-cell process °√√¡«∏‘ ’‡´≈≈«å à“ß* orchardist ™“« «πº≈‰¡â

open defect 1. µ”Àπ∑‘ ‡Ë’ ÀπÁ ‰¥*â 2. µ”Àπ‡‘ ª¥î * orchard terrace ¢È—π∫π— ‰¥√“∫

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 204

A orchid flower ‚»°√–¬â“ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ oscillating pressure process °√√¡«∏‘ §’ «“¡
¥π—  ≈∫— *
B Amberstia nobilis, Wall.)
oscillating saw ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬™°— *
C orchid tree ™ß‚§ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Bauhinia oscillation °“√·°«ßà
D oscillatory ´ß÷Ë ‡°’ˬ«°∫— °“√·°«àß
E purpurea, L.) osmometer ¡“µ√«—¥§«“¡¥π— ÕÕ ‚¡´‘ 
osmosis °“√·æ√°à √–®“¬¢Õßµ«— ∑”≈–≈“¬º“à π
F order «ß»å, °≈¡àÿ ¢Õßæ™◊ ¿“¬„π™È—π (class)
G organ °≈¡àÿ ¢Õ߇π◊ÕÈ ‡¬Ë◊Õ (tissue) ∑√Ë’ «¡°π— ∑” ‡¬ÕË◊ differentially permeable membrane
osmotic suction §«“¡‡§√’¬¥ÕÕ ‚¡µ‘§
H Àπ“â ∑ÕË’ ¬“à ß„¥Õ¬“à ßÀπßË÷ ossification °“√ √â“ß°√–¥Ÿ°, °“√∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬

I organic fertilizer ªÜÿ¬Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å  —µ«å¥÷߇Փ∏“µÿ·§≈‡´’ˬ¡·≈–øÕ øÕ√— 
®“°‡≈Õ◊ ¥¡“ √â“߇ªìπ°√–¥Ÿ°
J organic matter Õ‘π∑√’¬«µ— ∂ÿ osteology «∑‘ ¬“°√–¥Ÿ°
osteomalacia ‚√§°√–¥°Ÿ ‡ª√“– (‡°‘¥®“°°“√
K organic soil ¥‘πÕ‘π∑√¬’ ,å ¥π‘ ∑Ë’¡’Õπ‘ ∑√’¬«µ— ∂ÿ ∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬ —µ«å¥÷߇Փ∏“µÿ·§≈‡´’ˬ¡·≈–
L øÕ øÕ√— ‰ª„™¡â “°‡°‘π‰ª ¡—°æ∫„π —µ«å
M ‡ªìπÕߧªå √–°Õ∫Õ¬¡àŸ “° ∑‚Ë’ µ‡µÁ¡«¬— )
otaheite apple ¡–°Õ°Ω√Ëß— (¥Ÿ olive)
N organic soil material « — ¥¥ÿ π‘ Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å otter π“° ( —µ«™å π‘¥Àπ÷ßË )
O organoleptic §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑Ë√’ —∫√Ÿâ‰¥â¥«â ¬ª√– “∑ outbreak °“√‡°¥‘ ‚√§, °“√·æ√√à –∫“¥¢Õß‚√§
Õ¬à“ß°–∑—πÀ—π
P  ¡— º — outbreeding °“√º ¡µ“à ß “¬æπ— ∏,åÿ °“√º ¡-
æ—π∏ÿåπÕ°æ«°
Q orifice √Ÿ‡ªî¥‡≈°Á Ê

R orifice coefficient §à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘ÏÕ—µ√“°“√

S ‰À≈¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«∑Ë’‰À≈º“à π∑àÕ
UT orifice plate ·ºπà « — ¥∑ÿ ¡’Ë √’ µŸ √ß°≈“ß („™‡â  ¬’ ∫
V √–À«à“ß∑“߉À≈¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«‡æË◊Õ«—¥Õ—µ√“
W °“√‰À≈)

X origin ®ÿ¥‡√Ë¡‘ µâπ

Y oriole π°¢¡‘Èπ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Oriolus sp.)

Z ornamental plant ‰¡â¥Õ°‰¡âª√–¥∫—

ornithology ª°í …π‘ «∑‘ ¬“ outcrop : outcrop rock Àπ‘ ‚º≈*à

orogenesis °√√¡«‘∏°’ ”‡π¥‘ ‡∑Õ◊ °¿‡Ÿ ¢“ out cross : out-crossing °“√º ¡æπ— ∏√ÿå –À«“à ß

orographic rain : relief rain Ωπ¿‡Ÿ ¢“ æ™◊ À√Õ◊  µ— «µå “à ß “¬æπ— ∏åÿ (strain) (¥Ÿ cross

ortho- ‡À¬’¬¥µ√ß pollination)

orthotrophic ‡®√‘≠„π·π«µ—ßÈ outdoor plants ‰¡°â ≈“ß·®ßâ , æ™◊ ∑‡Ë’ ®√≠‘ ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ

orthotropous ovule ‰¢∑à ¡’Ë ≈’ °— …≥–µßÈ— µ√ß ™Õà ß ‰¥â¥’„π∑’´Ë Ë÷ß¡’· ß·¥¥¡“°

∑“߇¢â“ Ÿà¿“¬„π‰¢à (micropyle) Õ¬Ÿàµ√ß outer pit aperture ª“°À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈åπÕ°

¢“â ¡°∫— ∞“π outer shell membrane ‡¬Ë◊Õ‡ª≈Õ◊ °™—ÈππÕ°

oscillate ·°«ßà °«—¥,  ≈—∫ outflow  à«π∑Ë’‰À≈ÕÕ°, ´÷Ë߉À≈ÕÕ°

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

205

outflow hydrograph °√“ø· ¥ßÕ—µ√“°“√ overhead saw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬«ß‡¥Õ◊ πµ—«∫π* A
B
‰À≈ÕÕ°¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«‡ªπì øíß°™å Ëπ— °∫— ‡«≈“ overlap ‡°¬ C
D
outlet ª“°™àÕß, ∑“߉À≈ÕÕ° overlay, plastic °“√Õ—¥Àπⓥ⫬æ≈“ µ‘°, E
F
out-of-round ‡ ’¬«ß* ·ºàπæ≈“ µ°‘ Õ¥— Àπ“â * G
H
out-of-wind ‰¡∫à ¥‘ ßÕ* overlength §«“¡¬“«‡ºË◊Õ, §«“¡¬“«‡°‘π* I
J
out-opening ™àÕ߇Àß◊Õ° overliming  ¿“懰‘πªŸπ, °“√„ àªŸπ‡æ◊ËÕ·°â K
L
output º≈‰¥â §«“¡‡ªπì °√¥¢Õß¥π‘ ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª M
N
output shaft ‡æ≈“ß“π over mature ·°‡à °‘π O
P
outturn º≈º≈µ‘ *, ª√¡‘ “≥º≈º≈µ‘ overplant ª≈°Ÿ ´Õà ¡ Q
R
ovary √—߉¢à ( —µ«å∑Ë—«‰ª®–Õ¬Ÿà„π™àÕß∑âÕß overrun 1.  à«π‡°π‘ * 2. ª√‘¡“≥‰Õ»°√¡’ ∑’Ë S
T
·µà√—߉¢à¢Õ߉°à®–µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ß), ‡æË¡‘ ¢È÷π‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡ø’ ÕßÕ“°“»‡≈Á°Ê ·∑√° U
V
 à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ—πÀπ÷ËߢÕ߇° √µ—«‡¡’¬´÷Ëß Õ¬àŸ¢≥–∑”°“√ªíòπ (Õµ.) W
X
‡ªìπ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢Õ߉¢à overrunning æàÿߢπÈ÷ Àπ“â , °“√æßàÿ ≈”È Àπ“â * Y
Z
ovary, inferior √ß— ‰¢∑à ‡Ë’ °¥‘ Õ¬àŸ„µ â «à π¢Õߥհ overstocked ¢π÷È ·πàπ‡°π‘ ‰ª

ovary, superior √ß— ‰¢∑à ’‡Ë °¥‘ Õ¬Ÿà‡ÀπÕ◊  «à πÕ◊πË Ê overwash µ–°Õπ∑∫— ∂¡∫πº«‘ ¥π‘

¢Õߥհ over wintering °“√æ—°„πƒ¥ÀŸ π“«

ovate √ªŸ ‰¢à overwood ‰¡â™È—π∫π

oven, Dutch ‡µ“¢’ȇ≈Ë◊Õ¬* ovicide  “√‡§¡’°”®—¥‰¢à(·¡≈ß)

oven-dry Õ∫·Àâß π∑‘ * oviduct ∑Õà π”‰¢à

oven-dry density §«“¡·ππà ‡¡Õ◊Ë Õ∫·Àßâ  π∑‘ * oviposition °“√«“߉¢à, °“√ÕÕ°‰¢à

oven-dry soil ¥‘πÕ∫·Àâß ovoid √Ÿª‰¢∑à √ßµπ— , ¢Õß·¢ßÁ ∑Ë¡’ √’ ªŸ √“à ߧ≈“â ¬‰¢à

over-all width §«“¡°«“â ߇µÁ¡·ºπà * ovulation °“√µ°‰¢à

over burden «µ— ∂∑ÿ —∫Àπ“â ¥π‘ ovule ‰¢à∑Ë’¬—߉¡à ÿ°„π√—߉¢à,  à«π∑Ë’®–‡®√‘≠‰ª

over color  ’∑∫— (‡™àπ °≈⫬‡¡ÕË◊  °ÿ ®–¡ ’ ∑’ ∫— ‡ªπì ‡¡≈¥Á

‡ªìπ ’‡À≈Õ◊ ß) ovuliferous ¡’‰¢à

overcut ¢π“¥‡ºÕ◊Ë * ovum ‰¢,à ‡´≈≈å ∫◊ æπ— ∏¢åÿ Õßµ«— ‡¡¬’

over-dosing °“√„À¬â “À√◊Õ “√‡§¡’¡“°‡°‘π‰ª owl 𰇧“â

over-feeding °“√„ÀâÕ“À“√¡“°‡°‘π‰ª owl, barn π°· ° (π°„π °≈ÿ Tyto alba)

over-grazing °“√„À·â ∑–‡≈¡Á À≠“â ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ox-bow lake ∫ß÷ ‚§âß*, ∑–‡≈ “ª√Ÿª·Õ°

overhang 1.  à«π‡ÕπÀπâ“°Õß*, ª≈“¬¬◊Ëπ* oxidase ‡Õπ‰´¡∑å ‡Ë’ √ßà ªØ°‘ √‘ ¬‘ “°“√‡µ¡‘ ÕÕ°´‡‘ ®π

(S. pitch) 2. °“√µ—Èß„∫‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬ (‡≈◊ËÕ¬µ∫— )

‡ÕπÀπâ“,  à«π‡ÕπÀπ“â ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬µ∫— *

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 206

A oxidation °“√‡æ¡‘Ë ÕÕ°´‡‘ ®π, °“√‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈ß oxytocin ŒÕ√‚å ¡π∑¢’Ë ∫— ®“°µÕà ¡ pituitary  «à π

B ∑“߇§¡’Õ—π‡°Ë’¬«°—∫°“√‡æË‘¡ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ∑⓬ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ°“√¬◊¥À¥¢Õß°≈â“¡

C À√◊Õ “√∑’ˇ∑à“‡∑’¬¡°—∫ÕÕ°´‘‡®π À√◊Õ ‡π◊ÈÕ‡√’¬∫ ¢—∫πÈ”π¡ ·≈–¢—∫√°ÕÕ°®“°
DE ‡°Ë’¬«°—∫°“√‡æË‘¡®”π«π°”≈—ß (valence) ¡¥≈°Ÿ
F √«¡°∫—  “√ÕË◊πÊ

G

HP

I
J P1 , P2 , ......... etc.  ≠— ≈°— …≥å„™·â ∑πæÕà pale cutch  ’‡ ’¬¥‡∑»*

K À√Õ◊ ·¡æà π— ∏å∑ÿ ’Ë 1, 2, .... ·≈–Õ◊πË Ê (æ∏.) paleobotany : palaeobotany «™‘ “惰…»“ µ√å

L package ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å, À’∫ÀàÕ, ¿“™π–∫√√®ÿ, ∑Ë’‡°¬’Ë «°—∫°“√»÷°…“´“°æ™◊ ¥°÷ ¥”∫√√æå

M §√∫™¥ÿ , °“√´ÈÕ◊ ¢“¬‡À¡“∑ß—È À¡¥ paleosol ¥‘π∫√√æ°“≈

N package, to ∫√√®≈ÿ ßÀ∫’ ÀàÕ palisade layer ™È—π‡´≈≈å parenchyma √Ÿª
O ∑√ß°√–∫Õ°∑’Ë¡’ chloroplast ‡°‘¥µ‘¥°—π
P paddock ∑’Ë¥‘π·ª≈߬àÕ¬„πø“√¡å ·πàπÕ¬àŸ„µâ‡´≈≈ºå «‘ ¥“â π∫π¢Õß„∫

Q paddy π“¢â“«, ¢“â «‡ª≈Õ◊ ° pallet 1. °√–∫–¬° 2. ‰¡â√Õ߬°*, ·ºàπ√Õß
R paddy field π“

S padsaw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬ªπóô °Õß („™â√Õß√—∫«—µ∂ÿµà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡

T pagoda flower π¡ «√√§µå —«ºâŸ (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π  –¥«°„π°“√„™â√∂ª“° âÕ¡À√◊ÕÕÿª°√≥å

U  °≈ÿ Clerodendron poniculatum, L.) Õ◊Ëπ„π°“√¬°) 3.  “·À√°‡À≈Á°*

V pagoda tree ≈Ëπ— ∑¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Plumeria palm, palmyra µ“≈‚µπ¥ (ª“≈å¡„π °ÿ≈
W Borassus flabellifera, L.)
X acutifolia, Poir.)
palm, pandanus ‡µ¬ÀÕ¡, ‡µ¬≈“¬, ≈”‡®¬’ °
Y paint and batten °“√∑“ ·’ ≈«â Àâ¡ÿ * (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Pandanus tectorius, var.
Z paired fins §√’∫§àŸ (ª¡.)

pak-choi º°— °“¥‡¢¬’ «ª≈’ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Bras- larvis, Sol.)

sica juncea, Coss.) palm, royal ª“≈å¡¢«¥ (ª“≈å¡„π °ÿ≈

palaeontology ∫√√æ™’«‘π«‘∑¬“ Roystonea regia, O.F. Cook.)

palatable π“à °π‘ , ‡Õ√Á¥Õ√Õà ¬ palman  à«π∑’ˉ¡à‡«â“¢Õß„∫·∫∫ palmate

palatability §«“¡Õ√àÕ¬À√Õ◊ ‚Õ™“√ , §«“¡ palmate ‡ªìπ√Ÿª‡«â“∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπ·©°¥Ÿ§≈⓬

πà“°‘π πÈ«‘ ¡◊Õ‡«≈“°“ßÕÕ°, ≈—°…≥–§≈“â ¬Ω“É ¡◊Õ

palate µ‘Ëß (lip) Õ—π≈à“ߢÕß°≈’∫¥Õ° palmately veined ‡ πâ „∫∑æ’Ë ßÿà ÕÕ°®“°ª≈“¬

palatines °√–¥°Ÿ „π‡æ¥“𪓰 (ª¡.) °“â π„∫‡ªπì √Ÿª·©°

palea °≈∫’ πÕ°¢Õߥհæ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ À≠â“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

207

palmatifid √Ÿª§≈⓬ palmate ·µà√Õ¬‡«â“≈°÷ paper flower ‡øóòÕßøÑ“ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ A
B
≈߉ª§√ßË÷ Àπ÷ßË Bongainvillea spectabilis ·≈– C
D
palpation °“√§≈”, °“√µ√«®‚¥¬«‘∏’ —¡º—  Bongainvillea glabra) E
F
¥«â ¬¡Õ◊ paper mulberry  “, °√– “ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ G
H
palynology ‡√≥«Ÿ ‘∑¬“ Broussonetia papyrifera, Vent.) I
J
pan 1. (¥π‘ ) ¥“π (ª∞.) 2. ®“π√ÕßÀ«— ´ßÿ * papilionaceous °≈’∫¥Õ°∑Ë’¡’√Ÿª§≈⓬º’‡ È◊Õ K
L
(«π.) (æ∫„πæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈∂—«Ë ) M
N
pancreas µ∫— ÕàÕπ papilla ªÿÉ¡‡≈Á°, ¢π∫π≈”µâπ¢Õßæ◊™ ¡’ O
P
pandurate √Ÿª§≈“â ¬æ≥‘ (fiddle-shape) ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπµÿࡇ≈Á°Ê ·≈–πàÿ¡ ‡ªìπ à«π Q
R
panel ·ºß§«∫§¡ÿ ¢Õߺπ—߇´≈≈庑«¥â“ππÕ°∑’˪Ÿ¥¬◊ËπÕÕ°¡“ S
T
panel, body-work ·ºß§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π ¡—°¡¢’ π“¥ πÈ— ¡“° U
V
¢Õßµ«— ‡§√ÕË◊ ߬πµå papillate ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπµÿ¡à Ê W
X
panel pins ªÉÿ¡∫π·ºß§«∫§¡ÿ papillose ¡µ’ ¡ÿà ‡≈°Á πÿà¡ Y
Z
Panglong °“√≈“°´ÿß·∫∫ªßí ≈Õß* pappus  à«π∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ¢πÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπ·ºàπ

pangolin ≈‘Ëπ, πË‘¡ ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ Manis ∫“ßÊ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ߧ≈⓬øíπÀ√◊ÕÀπ“¡ ‡°‘¥

javanica) §≈ÿ¡∫π√—߉¢à¢Õßæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈¥“«‡√◊Õß·≈–

pan granulator ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßªπôí ‡¡¥Á (ª¬Üÿ ) ·∫∫®“π ∑“πµ–«—π (composites)

panicle ™Õà ¥Õ°·∫∫Àπß÷Ë ∫π°â“π™àÕ¥Õ°Õ—π para grass À≠â“¢π [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

„À≠à¡’°Ë‘ß°â“π™àÕ¥Õ°·µ°ÕÕ° ≈—∫°—π¢÷Èπ Brachiaria mutica, (Forssk) Stapf.]

‰ª ·≈–∫π°‘Ëß∑Ë’·µ°π’È®–¡’°Ë‘߬àÕ¬·µ° parakeratosis ‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß°√–¥â“ß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ

ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° ‡™πà ¥Õ°¢“â « º«‘ Àπ—ßÀπ“¢πÈ÷ ¡√’ ß— ·§¡“°·≈–§π—

panicoid µ√–°≈Ÿ ¬Õà ¬¢ÕßÀ≠“â ™ÕË◊ Panicoideae parakut π°·°«â (π°„π °≈ÿ Psittacula sp.)

paniculate §≈“â ¬ panicle parakut, grey-headed π°°–≈‘ß, π°°–·≈

panids ™Õà ¥Õ°∑¡’Ë °’ “â π¥Õ°‡¥¬’Ë «·≈«â ·¬°ÕÕ° (π°„π °≈ÿ Psittacula finschii)

‡ªπì ™Õà ‡≈°Á Ê ‰ª√Õ∫Ê ‡™πà ™Õà ¥Õ°¢“â «ø“É ß parakut, red-breasted π°·°â«Õ°·¥ß,

À√◊բ⓫‚Õäµ π°·¢°‡µâ“ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Psittacula

pansy º’‡ ÕÈ◊ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Viola tricolor, alexandrii)

L.) paralithic contact ·π« —¡º — À‘πÕÕà π

papain (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë¡’Õ¬àŸ„π¬“ß parallel bonding °“√¬÷¥¢π“π·π«°“«*

¡–≈–°Õ „™â∑”„À‡â πÈ◊Õπà¡ÿ parallel heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¢π“π·π«

papaya ¡–≈–°Õ (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Carica °“«*

papaya, L.) parallel to grain shear °“√‡©Õ◊ πµ“¡‡ ¬’È π*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 208

A parallel venation ‡ âπ„∫¢π“π æ∫„πæ◊™ πÈ”°√Õà ¬
parent material, delta deposit µ–°Õπ
B „∫‡≈È’¬ß‡¥Ë’¬«
∑¥Ë’ Õπ “¡‡À≈¬’Ë ¡ª“°π”È
C paralysis Õ—¡æ“µ parent material, delta lake ∑–‡≈ “ª„π
D
E para rubber ¬“ßæ“√“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Hevea ∫√‡‘ «≥¥π‘ ¥Õπ “¡‡À≈’¬Ë ¡ª“°πÈ”
parent material, deposit  ‘ßË ∑∫— ∂¡
F brasiliensis, Muell-Arg.) parent material, deposition °“√∑∫— ∂¡
G parasite µ—«‡∫¬’ π, ª√ µ‘ ,  ‘Ëß¡™’ «’ µ‘ ∑¥Ë’ ”√ß™’æ parent material, glacial deposit  ß‘Ë ∑∫— ∂¡

H Õ¬∫Ÿà π Ë‘ß∑¡’Ë ’™’«‘µÕ°’ ™π‘¥ÀπËß÷ ‡™πà °“Ω“° ‚¥¬∏“√π”È ·¢Áß
parent material, lacustrine deposit µ–°Õπ
I ∫πµâπ¡–¡à«ß °“Ω“°§◊Õµ—«‡∫’¬π ·≈–
∑–‡≈ “ª
J ¡–¡«à ߧÕ◊ µ«— Õ“»—¬ (host) parent material, marine deposit µ–°Õπ

K parasite, facultative µ«— ‡∫¬’ πÕ‘ √– π”È ∑–‡≈
L parent material, residual «—µ∂ÿ´÷ËßÕ¬°Ÿà —∫∑Ë’
M parasite, obligate µ«— ‡∫¬’ π·∑â parent material, residuum «µ— ∂Õÿ ¬àŸ°—∫∑’Ë
parent material, sedentary «µ— ∂´ÿ ßË÷ Õ¬°Ÿà ∫— ∑’Ë
N parasite, wound µ«— ‡∫’¬π·º≈ parent material, sediment µ–°Õπ«µ— ∂µÿ πâ
O parasite root √“°‡∫¬’ π
°”‡π¥‘
P parasite ∑Õ’Ë “»¬— Õ¬ÀàŸ √Õ◊ ¡™’ «’ µ‘ Õ¬°Ÿà ∫—  ß‘Ë ∑¡Ë’ ™’ «’ µ‘ parent material, transported «µ— ∂‡ÿ §≈Õ◊Ë π¬“â ¬
parent rock À‘πµâ𰔇π‘¥
Q Õ’°Õπ— ÀπËß÷ parietal ‡°¥‘ ∫πºπ—ß√—߉¢à
park, national forest «πÕÿ∑¬“π·Àßà ™“µ‘
R parasitology ª√ µ‘ «∑‘ ¬“ parrot bill 𰪓°π°·°â« (π°„π °ÿ≈

S paratyphoid ‚√§∑âÕß√«à ß∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°·∫§∑‡’ √¬’
T
U æ∫¡“°„π °ÿ √·≈–‰°à

V parbuckle °«“â π¢«“ß∑àÕπ* (S. crosshaul)
W parcel (∑—∫»—æ∑å), æ“√凴≈* (Àπ૬), º◊π

X (∑Ë’¥‘π), À∫’ , ÀÕà , æ — ¥ÿ

Y parenchyma ‡´≈≈åºπ—ß ‡ªìπ‡´≈≈åæ◊Èπ¢Õß

Z ‡´≈≈åµà“ßÊ ¢Õ߇πÈ◊Õ‡¬Ë◊Õæ◊™ ¡—°‡°“–µ—«

°—πÕ¬à“ßÀ≈«¡Ê Paradoxornis sp.)

parennial ‰¡∂â “«√, ‰¡¬â π◊ µπâ parrot finch, pintail π°‰º,à π°°√–µÍ‘¥‡¢¬’ «

parent material «µ— ∂µÿ â𰔇𑥠(π°„π °≈ÿ Erythrura prasina)

parent material, aeolian deposit  Ë‘ß∑∫— ∂¡ parrot flower ∏√√¡√°— …“ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

‚¥¬≈¡ Heliconia psittacorum, L.f.)

parent material, alluvium µ–°Õπ≈”π”È parsley º°— ™Ω’ √ßË— [æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Pettrosselinum

parent material, beach deposit  Ëß‘ ∑—∫∂¡ hortense, (P. Mill) Nijm.]

µ“¡™“¬À“¥ parsnip º°— °“¥À«— ‡≈°Á (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Pastinaca

parent material, brackish deposit µ–°Õπ sativa, L.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

209

parted ‡ªìπ·©°*, ¢Õ∫‡«â“≈÷°≈߇°Õ◊ ∫∂÷߇ πâ Õπÿ¿“§ (¥π‘ , ‡¡¥Á ªÜÿ¬ œ≈œ) A
B
°≈“ß„∫ partridge π°°√–∑“ C
D
parthenocarpy 1. º≈‰¡â‰¡à¡‡’ ¡≈¥Á (Õ“®‰¥â parturition °“√µ°≈°Ÿ E
F
√—∫°“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ·≈â«À√◊Õ‰¡à°Á‰¥â), °“√ passion flower  §ÿ π∏√ , ‡ “«√  (‰¡â¥Õ°„π G
H
‡°‘¥º≈‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ 2. °“√  °≈ÿ Passiflora laurifolia, L.) I
J
‡®√‘≠¢Õß√—߉¢à‰ª‡ªìπº≈‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ pass point ®¥ÿ §«∫§ÿ¡¬Õà ¬ K
L
º ¡æπ— ∏ÿå[º≈∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ®“°¢∫«π°“√π‡È’ √¬’ °«“à paste ¢Õ߇À≈«¢âπ ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ÀπÕ– ‡™àπ M
N
çparthenocarpic fruité (º≈≈¡) ®–‰¡¡à ’ ·ªÑ߇ª¬ï ° °–ªî O
P
‡¡≈Á¥ Õ“®‡°‘¥‚¥¬°√√¡æ—π∏åÿÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπº≈ pastern ¢âÕ‡∑â“ Q
R
®“° ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡] pasteurization °“√¶“à ‡™ÕÈ◊ ¥«â ¬§«“¡√Õâ π∑µ’Ë Ë” S
T
parthenogenesis 1. °“√‡°¥‘ ‚¥¬‰¡àº ¡‡™◊ÕÈ , °«“à Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”‡¥◊Õ¥ U
V
°“√∑’ˉ¢à‡®√‘≠¢÷Èπ‡ªìπµâπÕàÕπ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â√—∫ pasteurizer ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡Õ◊ ¶“à ‡™Õ◊È ¥«â ¬§«“¡√Õâ πµË” W
X
°“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå 2. °“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â pastry ·ºπà ·ªÑß, ·ªßÑ π«¥ Y
Z
º ¡, °“√‡°¥‘ µ«— „À¡®à “° germ cell ‚¥¬ pasture ∑àÿßÀ≠â“, æπ◊È ¥π‘ ∑ªË’ °§≈ÿ¡‰ª¥â«¬À≠â“

‰¡àµâÕߺà“π°“√º ¡ ‡ªìπ°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß À√◊Õæ◊™∑Ë’‡ªìπÕ“À“√ µ— «å

æ™◊ ∫“ß™π¥‘ ‡™πà ‡À¥Á √“ µ–‰§√πà ”È ‡ªπì µπâ pasture, to „À â µ— «°å π‘ À≠“â „π∑ßàÿ

(¥Ÿ apomixis) pasture, native ∑àÿßÀ≠â“∑Ë’ª°§≈¡ÿ ‰ª¥â«¬æ◊™

partial dominance °“√¢à¡‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å, pasture, permanent ∑àÿßÀ≠â“∑¡’Ë ’æ™◊ ´ß÷Ë ¡Õ’ “¬ÿ

heterozygote ∑Ë’· ¥ß≈—°…≥–§àÕπ‰ª ¡“°°«“à 1 ªï ·≈–¡’‡¡≈Á¥´Ëß÷  “¡“√∂ßÕ°

∑“ß≈—°…≥–¢¡à ¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡Õß (self-seedling) ∑”„Àâ¡’À≠â“

partial precooling °“√ª≈Õà ¬º≈‰¡â∑’ˇ°Á∫¡“  ”À√—∫ µ— «¢å Èπ÷ լൟ ≈Õ¥‡«≈“

®“°µâπ‰«â¢â“¡§◊π‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õߺ≈ pasture, rotation ∑àÿßÀ≠â“∑’Ë„™â‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å

≈¥≈ß ‡æ’¬ß 2-3 ƒ¥Ÿ·≈⫉∂°≈∫‡æ◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°æ◊™

partial sterilization °“√¶à“‡™È◊Õ∫“ß à«π À¡ÿπ‡«¬’ π

particle, ellipsoid Õπÿ¿“§∑√ß√*’ pasture, tame ∑ßàÿ À≠â“∑‡Ë’ µÁ¡‰ª¥â«¬æ◊™º≈

particle, soil Õπÿ¿“§¥‘π ∑˪’ ≈Ÿ°¢÷πÈ  ”À√—∫„Àâ µ— «‡å ¢â“¡“°π‘

particle board ·ºàπ™πÈ‘ ‰¡âÕ—¥* pasture, temporary ∑ßàÿ À≠“â ∑Ë’„™‡â ≈’¬È ß µ— «å

particle density §«“¡Àπ“·ππà ¢ÕßÕπ¿ÿ “§ pasture management °“√®—¥°“√·≈–∫”√ÿß

particle size (soil) ¢π“¥Õπÿ¿“§‡¥Ë’¬« (¥π‘ ) √°— …“∑ßÿà À≠Ⓡæ◊ËÕ‡≈È’¬ß µ— «å

particle size analysis °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢π“¥ pasture plants æ◊™∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‡≈’¬È ß µ— «å ¡—°

Õπÿ¿“§‡¥Ë’¬« ª≈Ÿ°æ™◊ ‡ªπì ®”π«π¡“°

particle size distribution °“√·®°·®ß¢π“¥ pasture succession °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ µ“à ßÊ  ”À√∫—

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 210

A „Àâ —µ«å·∑–‡≈Á¡°‘π ≈—∫°—π‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à peafowl, green π°¬Ÿß (π°„π °ÿ≈ Pavo
muticus)
B ¢“¥µÕπ
peak climacteric ®ÿ¥∑’ºË ≈‰¡Àâ “¬„®¡“°∑ Ë’ ÿ¥
C patana oak °–‚¥π (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Careya À≈—ß®“°‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«¡“®“°µâπ·≈â« º≈„π
D √–¬–π®’È ß÷ ‡À¡“–∑®Ë’ –„™√â ∫— ª√–∑“π (edible
E arborea, Roxb.) stage)

F patch ·ºπà ª–´Õà ¡‡√’¬«* pearl millet ¢â“«øÉ“ßπ° (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈
G patch-budding ¥Ÿ flute-budding Pennisetum glaucum, R. Br.)

H patch up ª≈°Ÿ ´àÕ¡ peat (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ¥‘πæ√ÿ, ´“°æ◊™®”æ«°
µ–‰§√àπÈ” ¡Õ  å ·≈–æ◊™Õ◊ËπÊ ∑Ë’¬—߉¡à
I patent ·ºà‰ª∑“ß√“∫ ·¢ßÁ µ«—  – ¡Õ¬àŸ„π∑’≈Ë ¡àÿ ™◊Èπ·©–

J pathogen ‡™ÈÕ◊ ‚√§* peat-bog ∫√‘‡«≥∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ æ’∑
peat soil ¥‘π∑’Ë¡’Õ‘π∑√¬’ «µ— ∂´ÿ ßË÷  ≈“¬µ«— ¬—߉¡à
K pathology 欓∏‘«∑‘ ¬“
L  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ¿“¬„µâ ¿“«–π”È ¢—ß ¡’ ’
M patrol, to (fire) ‡¥‘π¬“¡ πÈ”µ“≈À√Õ◊  ’πÈ”µ“≈·°à
peav(e)y : peavie ‰¡¢â Õæ≈‘°´ßÿ *
N patrol time ‡«≈“µ√–‡«πµ√«® pebble °√«¥
O paunch °√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ pebble phosphate °√«¥øÕ ‡øµ [À‘π
øÕ ‡øµ´÷Ëß¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°âÕπ·¢Áß ¡’
P pea, edible-podded ∂—Ë«≈—π‡µ“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ ¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥°âÕπ°√«¥ ·¬°ÕÕ°¡“„π
°√–∫«π°“√∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥ (benefication)]
Q Pisum sativum, L. var. macrocarpon) peck : peckiness : pecky °“√º·ÿ ∫∫√ß— º÷ßÈ ,
°“√ºÿ‡ªπì À≈ÿ¡*
R pea, garden ∂—«Ë ≈π— ‡µ“ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Pisum

S sativum, L.)
T
U pea, sugar ∂Ë—«≈π— ‡µ“ (¥Ÿ pea, garden)

V peach ∑âÕ (®’π) (‰¡âº≈„π °ÿ≈ Prunus
W persica, Strokes.)

X peacock fern ‡ø√î πå ª°ï ·¡≈ß∑∫— (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π

Y  °≈ÿ Cyclopeltis semicordata, J.Sm.)

Z peacock flower À“ßπ°¬Ÿß‰∑¬ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ

Caesalpinia pulcherima, Sw.) pectic substances °≈àÿ¡¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫

peacock machine ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ‡¢µ°√√¡∑’ˇ¡Ë◊Õ §“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ‡™‘ß´Õâ π (complex carbo-

‰∂·≈«â ®–∑ß‘È ¡≈Ÿ ¥π‘ ‡ªπì À≈¡ÿ À√Õ◊ ™Õà ߇≈°Á Ê hydrates)∑’ˇªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢Õß

 ”À√—∫‡°Á∫π”È Ωπ·≈–°—π‰¡à„ÀâπÈ”Ωπ‰À≈ middle lamella

™–®“°æÈ◊π∑’πË Èπ— ‰ª pectin (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å ,  “√∑‡Ë’ ™Õ◊Ë ¡‡´≈≈‡å ¢“â ¥«â ¬°π—

peacock pheasant π°·«àπ (π°„π °ÿ≈ pectinate §≈⓬À«’

Polyplectron sp.) pectoral fins §√∫’ Õ°

peacockûs crest À“ßπ°¬ßŸ ‰∑¬ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ ped °âÕπ‚§√ß √â“ߥπ‘ , Àπ«à ¬‚§√ß √“â ߥπ‘

Poinciana pulcherima, Sw.) pedalfer ¥‘π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ë߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π·∂∫∑Ë’¡’

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

211

§«“¡™È◊π Ÿß ∏“µÿ‡À≈Á°·≈–Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡„π peg, to ªí°À≈—° A
B
¥‘π∂Ÿ°™–≈â“ß≈߉ª∂÷ß à«π≈à“ߢÕߙȗπ¥‘π peg-raker saw ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬øπí º ¡* C
D
‰¡à¡’™—πÈ ∑’‡Ë ªìπ‡°≈Õ◊ §“√∫å Õ‡πµ peg-tooth harrow æ√«π´µ’Ë √ß E
F
pedate „∫·∫∫ palmately lobe ∑Ë’¡’ lobe pelecan, spotted-billed π°°√–∑ßÿ (π°„π °≈ÿ G
H
∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß∫√‘‡«≥∞“π„∫‡«â“≈÷°Õ’°∑’Àπ÷Ëß Pelecanus philippensis) I
J
‡™àπ „∫∫°ÿ pelican flower ‰°àø“Ñ , π°°√–∑ÿß (‰¡âª√–¥∫— K
L
pedicel °“â π¥Õ°¬Õà ¬„π™Õà ¥Õ° „π °≈ÿ Aristolochia cymbifera, Mart. M
N
pedigree æ—π∏ÿª√–«—µ‘, ∫—π∑÷°À√◊Õª√–«—µ‘ & Gamble) O
P
∫√√æ∫ÿ√…ÿ ¢Õßæ◊™À√Õ◊  µ— «·å µ≈à –µ«— pellagra ‚√§º«‘ Àπ—ßµ°°√– (‡°¥‘ ®“°°“√¢“¥ Q
R
pediment ≈“π‡»…Àπ‘ √Õ∫‡¢“* ‰πÕ“´’π ∑”„Àºâ ‘«Àπ—ßÕ°— ‡ ∫ √–∫∫¬Õà ¬ S
T
pedocal ¥π‘ „π·∂∫·Àßâ ·≈ßâ À√Õ◊ §Õà π¢“â ß®–·≈ßâ Õ“À“√æ‘°“√) U
V
¡’™π—È ¢Õ߇°≈Õ◊ §“√∫å Õ‡πµ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™¥— pellet Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥, Õ“À“√( —µ«å)Õ¥— ‡¡Á¥ W
X
pedogenesis °“√°”‡π¥‘ ∑“ߪ∞æ’ pellet(ed) fertilizer ª¬ÿÜ ∑‡’Ë ªìπ‡¡¥Á (°≈¡) Y
Z
pedogenic process ¢∫«π°“√∑Ë’„Àâ°”‡π‘¥¥π‘ pellucid ‚ª√ßà „ 

pedologic ‡°¬Ë’ «°∫— °”‡π¥‘ ·≈–∏√√¡™“µ¢‘ Õߥπ‘ peltate „∫∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬‚≈àÀå ¡’°â“π„∫µ‘¥

pedology ª∞æ’«‘∑¬“, «‘™“∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬°”‡π‘¥¥‘π ∫√‡‘ «≥°ßË÷ °≈“ß„∫ ‡™àπ „∫∫«—

°“√®”·π°·≈–°“√µ√«®≈—°…≥–¥‘π ‚¥¬ pencil mark ≈“¬‡ âπ¥π‘  Õ* (®“°‡À¥Á √“)

‡πâπ¥‘π„π ¿“æ‡∑À«—µ∂ÿ∏√√¡™“µ‘¡“° pencil slat ‰¡´â Ë¥’ ‘π Õ*

°«à“°“√„™¥â ‘π‡æË◊Õª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ pendulous ÀâÕ¬≈ß

pedon (∑—∫»—æ∑å), Àπ૬∑Ë’‡≈Á°∑Ë’ ÿ¥¢Õߥ‘π pendulum saw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬·¢«π*

·µà≈–™π‘¥´÷Ëß “¡“√∂®”·π°≈—°…≥–¥‘π peneplain æÈπ◊ ∑‡’Ë °◊Õ∫√“∫*, ∑ˇ’ °Õ◊ ∫‰¥â√–¥∫— ,

‰¥§â √∫∂â«π ¡’æÈ◊π∑Ë’ 1-10 µ“√“߇¡µ√ æÈ◊π∑’ËÊ ‰¥â∂Ÿ°™–≈â“߉ª®π√–¥—∫æÈ◊π∞“π

peduncle 1. °â“π¥Õ°‡¥¬’Ë «À√◊Õ°â“π™àÕ¥Õ°, ¢Õߥ‘π‡°◊Õ∫®–√“∫‡√’¬∫‡ ¡Õ°—π

 «à π¬Õ¥¢Õß°“â π¥Õ°∑√Ë’ Õß√∫— Ω°í À√Õ◊ ¥Õ° penetrability  ¿“æ·∑ß∑–≈‰ÿ ¥â

(° .) 2. §Õ¥À“ß (ª¡.) penetrance Õµ— √“ à«π¢Õßæ™◊ ´÷Ëß¡’¬π’ (gene)

peel, to ªÕ°*, ≈Õ°‡ª≈◊Õ°* (¥Ÿ bark), §«Ë—π π—ÈπÊ Õ¬àŸ·≈â«· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ (∫“ß

≈Õ°‡ª≈◊Õ°°«“â ß* (¥Ÿ band girdle) µπâ Õ“®‰¡à· ¥ßÕÕ°∑ß—È Ê ∑Ë¡’ ’¬’πππÈ— Ê Õ¬)Ÿà

peeled veneer ‰¡∫⠓ߪհ* penetration °“√·∑√°´¡÷ , °“√≈Õ¥‡¢“â ‰ª, °“√

peeler block ∑àÕπ‰¡ â ”À√∫— ªÕ°* ‡®“–, °“√·∑ß∑–≈ÿ

peeler log ´ßÿ ‰¡ªâ Õ°* peninsula §“∫ ¡∑ÿ √*, ·À≈¡

peeling, chemical °“√≈Õ°‡ª≈Õ◊ °∑“߇§¡’* penninerved ‡ πâ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢“â ßÊ ‡ πâ °≈“ß„∫

peeper ÀπÕà °≈«â ¬∑ˬ’ —߉¡¡à ’„∫ pentadelphous ¡’‡° √µ«— ºŸâ 5 °≈ÿà¡

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 212

A pentamerous ¡’ à«π‡ªìπ 5 À√◊Õ‡æË‘¡‡ªìπ perfect flower ¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ», ¥Õ°∑Ë’¡’
‡° √µ—«ºâŸ·≈–‡° √µ—«‡¡’¬Õ¬àŸ„π¥Õ°
B ®”π«π 5 ‡¥’¬«°π—

C pepper æ√°‘ , æ√°‘ ‰∑¬ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Capsicum perfoliate „∫À√◊Õ°≈’∫‡≈’Ȭß∑Ë’‰¡à¡’°â“π´Ë÷߇°‘¥
D ≈âÕ¡√Õ∫≈”µâπ, √Õ∫¢Õâ *
E spp.)
F pepper corn ‡¡≈Á¥æ√‘°‰∑¬µ“°·Àßâ perforate ‡ªìπ√Ÿ, ‡®“–√Ÿ
perforation ™àÕß∑–≈ÿª≈“¬‡´≈≈*å
G peppermint  –√–·Àπà (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Menthae perforation, multiple ™àÕß∑–≈ÿª≈“¬‡´≈≈å

H piperita, L. ·≈– Menthae arvensis, À≈“¬™àÕß*
perforation, simple ™àÕß∑–≈ÿª≈“¬‡´≈≈å
I L.)
‡¥’ˬ«*
J pepper, bell æ√‘°À¬«° (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Capsi- perforation, vessel ™Õà ß∑–≈ªÿ ≈“¬∑Õà ≈”‡≈¬’ ß
K perforation plate ·ºπà ™Õà ß∑–≈ÿª≈“¬‡´≈≈*å
L cum annuum var. grossum, Sendt.) perforation plate, ephedroid ™àÕß∑–≈ÿ
M pepper, black æ√‘°‰∑¬ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Piper
ª≈“¬‡´≈≈√å ªŸ Ω°í ∫«— *
N nigrum, L.) perforation plate, reticulate ™àÕß∑–≈ÿ

O pepper, hot æ√°‘ ™øÈ’ “Ñ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Capsicum ª≈“¬‡´≈≈√å ªŸ µ“¢“à ¬*
perforation plate, scalariform ™àÕß∑–≈ÿ
P frutescen, L.)
ª≈“¬‡´≈≈å√ªŸ ∫π— ‰¥*
Q pepper, long ¥ª’ ≈’ (¥Ÿ long pepper) perforation rim ¢Õ∫™Õà ß∑–≈ªÿ ≈“¬‡´≈≈å*
R pergamentaceous §≈“â ¬·ºàπÀ≈ß—
S pepper, spur æ√‘°™È’øÑ“ (¥Ÿ pepper, hot) perianth 1. «ß°≈’∫√«¡ 2.  «à π∑’ËÀàÕÀâ¡ÿ ¥Õ°

T pepper, sweet æ√°‘ À¬«° (¥Ÿ pepper, bell) ´Ë÷ß√«¡∂÷ß°≈’∫πÕ°·≈–°≈’∫„π 3. °≈’∫
¥Õ°·≈–°≈’∫√Õß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬§≈÷ß
U pepo 1. º≈∑¡Ë’ ‡’ πÕ◊È π¡ÿà (flesh) ¡‡’ ª≈Õ◊ °™π—È πÕ° °—π®π·¬°‰¡àÕÕ°
periblem ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡®√‘≠ (meristem) ∑’Ë„Àâ
V (exocarp or rind) ·¢ßÁ ‡°¥‘ ®“°√ß— ‰¢·à ∫∫ °”‡π‘¥°≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈åæÈ◊π„π≈”µâπÀ√◊Õ√“°
(cortex)
W inferior ‡™àπ øí° 2. ·øß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ pericarp ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ [‡°‘¥®“°ºπ—ß√—߉¢à·∫àß
ÕÕ°‡ªπì 3 ™π—È §Õ◊ ™π—È πÕ° (exocarp À√Õ◊
X Benincasa cerifera, Savi.) epicarp) ™πÈ— °≈“ß (mesocarp) ·≈–™—πÈ
Y „π (endocarp)]
Z perched water table √–¥—∫π”È „µ¥â π‘ ‡∑’¬¡*,

√–¥—∫π”È „µâ¥‘π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π∑È—ß∑’Ë¥‘π´÷ËßÕ¬àŸ„π

√–¥∫— ≈÷°≈߉ª¬—߉¡àÕ¡‘Ë µ—«¥«â ¬πÈ”

percolation °“√‰À≈´÷¡ºà“π, °“√´÷¡´“∫

(¢ÕßπÈ”) ≈ß Ÿ¥à ‘π

perennate 1. Õ¬àŸ‰¥µâ ≈Õ¥ªï 2. ‡®√‘≠¢÷Èπ„À¡à

‚¥¬°“√·µ°ÀπÕà

perennial 1. æ◊™∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊𬓫¡“°°«“à 1 ªï

·≈–Õ“®„Àºâ ≈„πª·ï √° 2. ¡’™æ’ ®°— √Õ¬Ÿà 3

ªï À√◊Õ¡“°°«“à 3. ‡°¥‘ ¢÷πÈ ‡ªπì ª√–®”∑ÿ°ªï

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

213

periclinal ¢π“π°—∫‡ âπ√Õ∫«ß, ¢π“π°—∫º‘« ¡Õ  å A
B
(æƒ.) periwinkle ·æß櫬∫°, ·æß櫬Ω√ß—Ë (æ™◊ „π C
D
periclinal chimera ¥Ÿ chimera  °≈ÿ Vinca rosea, L.) E
F
pericycle °≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈å„π√“°∑Ë’‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“ß perlite (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ·°â«¿Ÿ‡¢“‰ø (volcanic G
H
endodermis °—∫∑àÕÕ“À“√ (phloem) glass) I
J
periderm  à«π¢Õßæ◊™∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ phello- permanent charge ª√–®ÿ∂“«√, ª√–®´ÿ ÷ËßÕ¬àŸ K
L
gen (cork cambium), phloem (cork) ∫πæ◊Èπº‘«Õπ¿ÿ “§¥π‘ ‡À𒬫∑Ë’‰¡ºà π— ·ª√‰ª M
N
·≈– phelloderm µ“¡°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß pH ¢Õߥπ‘ (ª∞.) O
P
perigone ¥Ÿ perianth permanent pastures ∑ßÿà À≠“â ∑’ˉ¡‡à §¬∂°Ÿ ‰∂- Q
R
perigynous  à«π∑Ë’Õ¬√àŸ Õ∫Ê °â“π‡° √µ«— ‡¡’¬ æ√«π‡≈¬‡ªìπ‡«≈“‰¡àµË”°«à“ 5 ªï ª°§≈¡ÿ S
T
perigyny  ¿“æ¥Õ°´Ë÷ß¡’√ß— ‰¢Àà àÕÀÿ¡â ¥â«¬ «à 𠉪¥«â ¬µπâ À≠“â ∑¡Ë’ Õ’ “¬¡ÿ “°°«“à 2 ƒ¥Ÿ ·≈– U
V
∑Ë¡’ ≈’ °— …≥–§≈⓬∂«â ¬ (hypanthium) ‡¡≈¥Á ¡—°®–ßÕ°‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ W
X
period √–¬–, §“∫ permanent set °“√Õ¬µàŸ «— ∂“«√* (S. residual Y
Z
period, age-class √–¬–™Èπ— Õ“¬ÿ strain)

period, conversion √–¬–‡ª≈ˬ’ π√–∫∫ permanent wilting percentage : PWP

period, emergence √–¬–ª√“°Øµ—« ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™È◊π¢Õߥ‘π‡¡Ë◊Õ„∫æ◊™· ¥ß

period, preparatory √–¬–‡µ√¬’ ¡°“√ Õ“°“√‡À¬Ë’ «Õ¬“à ß∂“«√

period, pressure √–¬–‡«≈“Õ¥— * permanent wilting point ®ÿ¥‡ÀË’¬«∂“«√,

period, regeneration √–¬– ∫◊ æ—π∏åÿ ®ÿ¥∑’Ëæ◊™· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡©“‡πË◊Õß®“°¢“¥πÈ”

period, working-plan √–¬–‚§√ß°“√ ∂Ⓣ¡à‰¥âπÈ”‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡æ™◊ ®–µ“¬

periphery √Õ∫πÕ°, ¢Õ∫, ºπ—ߥâ“ππÕ°, permeability (soil)  ¿“æ„Àâ´÷¡‰¥â, §«“¡

º‘«√Õ∫πÕ°  “¡“√∂´¡÷ π”È (¢Õߥ‘π)

perishability °“√‡πà“‡ ¬’ ßà“¬ permeable  “¡“√∂º“à π‰¥â

perishable ‡π“à ‡ ’¬‰¥âß“à ¬ permeable rock À‘π‡πÕÈ◊ ø“É ¡

perisperm ‡¬Ë◊Õ (∫“ß∑°’ Á√«¡∂ß÷ ‡π◊ÕÈ ) ¢Õ߉¢´à Ë÷ß permissible soil loss ¥π‘  Ÿ≠‡ ¬’ ‰¥â

Õ¬àŸ„µâ‡ª≈◊Õ°Àâÿ¡, °≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈å nucellus perosis ‚√§‡ÕÁπ‡§≈Ë◊Õπ„π —µ«åªï° (‡°‘¥®“°

∑‡’Ë À≈◊ÕÕ¬à‡Ÿ ªπì ∑’Ë – ¡Õ“À“√„π‡¡≈Á¥ °“√¢“¥∏“µÿ·¡ß°“π’  ∑”„Àâ¢âÕ‡¢à“§¥ßÕ

peristalsis °“√∫’∫µ—«(¢Õß°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√) ‡¥π‘ ‰¡à‰¥â)

‡ªìπ√–≈Õ° (∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√‡§≈◊ËÕπºà“π perpendicular bonding °“√¬÷¥µÈ—ß©“°·π«

°√–‡æ“–‰ª‰¥â) °“«*

peristome  à«π∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬øíπÀ√◊Õ≈È‘π perpendicular heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπµ—Èß

∫√‘‡«≥ª“°¢Õß sporangium ‡™àπ „π ©“°·π«°“«*