พจนานุกรมศัพท์เกษตร agricultural_dictionary

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 114

A fertilizer material « — ¥·ÿ ¡ªà ܬÿ , ªÿ¬Ü ‡§¡’∑Ë’„™â fibre-saturation point ®ÿ¥À¡“¥*
fibric soil material «— ¥ÿÕ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇªìπµâπ
B º≈µ‘ ª¬Üÿ º ¡
°”‡π‘¥¢Õߥ‘πÕπ‘ ∑√’¬å
C fertilizer nutrient solubility  ¿“æ≈–≈“¬ fibril ∑—∫»—æ∑å (¥Ÿ macrofibril)
D fibrous root √“°ΩÕ¬
E ‰¥¢â Õß∏“µÕÿ “À“√„πªÿܬ -fid ‡«â“, À¬—°‡¢“â ‰ª®π∂÷ß°ßË÷ °≈“ß („™â√à«¡°—∫

F fertilizer ratio  —¥ à«π¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ §”ÕËπ◊ Ê)
G Õ“À“√„πªÿܬ fiddle ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬* (¥â«¬‡≈◊ËÕ¬¡Õ◊ ‡¥’¬«)
fiddleback ≈“¬À≈—ß´Õ
H fertilizer requirement §«“¡µâÕß°“√ªÿ¬Ü fiddleback figure ≈“¬√‘È«*
fiducial limits ¢’¥®”°¥— §«“¡‡™Õ◊Ë ∂◊Õ‰¥â ( .)
I fertilizer segregation °“√·¬°µ—«¢Õߪÿܬ fiducial marks ‡§√ÕË◊ ßÀ¡“¬°≈“ß°√Õ∫¿“æ

J fertilizer-soil microsite ¥π‘ ∫√‡‘ «≥∑¡’Ë ª’ ¬ÿÜ , ¥π‘ (¿.)
field capacity : FC. §«“¡®§ÿ «“¡™◊πÈ ¢Õߥ‘π,
K  «à π∑’˪¬Üÿ ∑”ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “·≈â«
ML fertilizer-soil reaction zone ¥‘π∫√‘‡«≥∑¡’Ë ’ §«“¡®ÿ§«“¡™È◊π π“¡, ®”π«ππ”È ∑Ë’‡À≈◊Õ
N ª¬ÿÜ , ¥‘π à«π∑ªË’ ÿܬ∑”ªØ‘°√‘ ‘¬“·≈â« Õ¬àŸ„π¥‘πÀ≈—ß®“°πÈ”∑’Ë¥‘π‰¡à “¡“√∂®–Õÿâ¡
O fertilizer use efficiency ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ ‰«â‰¥â∂°Ÿ √–∫“¬ÕÕ°‰ªÀ¡¥·≈«â
field crop æ◊™‰√à
P „™âªÿܬ field layer : festration æ™◊ ™—Èπ≈à“ß
field moisture §«“¡™Èπ◊ ¢Õß¥π‘ „π‰√πà “
Q festration ¥Ÿ field layer fig ¡–‡¥Ë◊Õ, ¡–‡¥Ë◊ÕΩ√—Ëß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Ficus
carica, L.)
R festucoid ·Ààßµ√–°Ÿ≈¬Õà ¬¢Õßæ™◊ ®”æ«°À≠“â figure ≈“¬* («π.)

S Festucoideae
T
U fetid ¡°’ ≈‘Ëπ‰¡àπ“à Õ¿‘√¡¬å

V fetus ≈°Ÿ ( —µ«å)ÕàÕπ„π∑Õâ ß (¥Ÿ foetus)
W fever plant ‚§°°√– πÿ («—™æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π™π¥‘

X ÀπËß÷ ¥Ÿ false puncture vine)

Y fiber : fibre 1. ‡ πâ „¬, °“°, ‡¬Ë◊Õ„¬, ‡´≈≈å

Z ‡ πâ „¬ (sclerenchyma) (æƒ.) 2. „¬‰¡â

(«π.) figure, bear-scratch ≈“¬√ªŸ π¬— πµå “*

fiberization °“√∑”‡¬Ë◊Õ, °“√·¬°‡ âπ„¬* figure, birdûs eye ≈“¬µ“π°*

(S. defibration) figure, blister ≈“¬¡¥— À«“¬*, ≈“¬√Ÿª§≈πË◊

fibre ‡ âπ„¬* figure, burl ≈“¬ªÿÉ¡‰¡â*

fibre, bast ‡ âπ„¬‡ª≈◊Õ°„π* figure, burr ¥Ÿ figure, burl

fibre, substitute ‡ âπ„¬∑¥·∑π* figure, crotch ≈“¬‰¡â‚§πß“à ¡*

fibre, twisted ‡ È’¬π∫‘¥*, ‡ ¬È’ π‡°≈’¬« figure, curl ≈“¬‰¡â‚§πßà“¡*, ≈“¬À“ߪ≈“*

fibre, wood ‡ âπ„¬‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â* (S. fan figure, feather figure, plume

fibreboard ·ºπà „¬‰¡âÕ¥— figure)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

115

figure, curly ≈“¬§≈◊πË * (S. curly grain, fill, to ª≈°Ÿ ´Õà ¡ A
B
wavy grain, wavy figure) filler 1. ‰¡â‡¥πà («π.) 2.  “√µ«— ‡µ‘¡,  “√‡µ‘¡ C
D
figure, dapple ≈“¬®ÿ¥* (S. mottle figure) πÈ”Àπ—°, «— ¥ÿ∑’ˇµ‘¡≈߉ª„ π ªÿÜ ¬ E
F
figure, fan ≈“¬√ªŸ æ—¥, ≈“¬‰¡‚â §πß“à ¡*, ≈“¬ «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªÜÿ¬¡’πÈ”Àπ—°§√∫µ“¡ G
H
À“ߪ≈“* ∑µË’ Õâ ß°“√ ‡™πà ¢‡È’ ≈ÕË◊ ¬ ‡ªπì µπâ 3.  “√‚ª«Ö *, I
J
figure, feather ¥Ÿ figure, fan  “√‡µ‘¡*, µ—«º ¡‡æ‘Ë¡, «— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™âÕÿ¥‡πÈ◊Õ K
L
figure, fiddleback ≈“¬À≈—ß´Õ, ≈“¬√È‘«* ‰¡â°àÕπ∑“ ’À√◊Õ¢—¥¡—π 4. ‡§√◊ËÕß∫√√®ÿ M
N
(S. ripple figure) «— ¥„ÿ π¿“™π–µ“à ßÊ (‡™πà ∫√√®¢ÿ Õ߇À≈« O
P
figure, mottle ≈“¬®¥ÿ * (S. dapple figure) ≈ߢ«¥ ∫√√®ÿ∏≠— æ◊™≈ß„π‰´‚≈) Q
R
figure, plume ≈“¬‰¡‚â §πß“à ¡*, ≈“¬À“ߪ≈“* filler plate ™‘πÈ °≈“ߢÕß·ºàπ°√–¥“…≈°Ÿ ø°Ÿ S
T
figure, quilted ≈“¬ —°* (·∫∫º“â π«¡) filler rod ∑àÕ ”À√—∫π”«— ¥≈ÿ ß∫√√®ÿ U
V
figure, rain drop ≈“¬À¬“¥Ωπ* fillet 1. ‰¡§â πË— * (™ß—Ë ), 2. (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å , ‡πÕÈ◊ (ª≈“, W
X
figure, ribbon (grain) ≈“¬·∂∫* (S. stripe ‰°à œ≈œ) ∑Ë’‡≈“–‡Õ“°â“ßÀ√◊Õ°√–¥Ÿ°ÕÕ° Y
Z
figure) ·≈â« ¡≈’ —°…≥–‡ªìπ™‘πÈ ¬“«·§∫ (Õµ.) 3.

figure, ripple ≈“¬√È‘«*, ≈“¬À≈—ß´Õ ‡≈“–‡Õ“°â“ßÀ√◊Õ°√–¥°Ÿ ÕÕ°®“°‡πÕÈ◊ ·≈–

(S. fiddleback figure) µ—¥‡ªπì ™πÈ‘ ¬“«Ê 4. « — ¥∑ÿ Ë’„™âæÕ° («».)

figure, roe (grain) ≈“¬‰¢àª≈“*, ≈“¬·∂∫ film glue °“«øî≈å¡*

 πÈ— film water πÈ”‡§≈Õ◊ ∫º«‘ (ª∞.)

figure, silver (grain) ≈“¬‡≈ÕË◊ ¡* fimbristylis À𫥪≈“¥ÿ° [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ

figure, stripe ≈“¬·∂∫* „π °ÿ≈ Fimbristylis annua, (All)

figure, stump ≈“¬µÕ‰¡â* R.& S.]

figure, swirl (grain) ≈“¬«π*, ≈“¬§≈◊Ëπ fin, cooling §√∫’ √–∫“¬§«“¡√Õâ π

‚§πß“à ¡ final moisture content ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™È◊π

figure, wavy ≈“¬ (·π«) §≈◊πË *  ÿ¥∑“â ¬*

figured ¡’≈“¬ final retention ª√‘¡“≥§ßÕ¬àŸ* (S. net

figured veneer ‰¡â∫“ß¡≈’ “¬* retention)

filament 1. °â“π‡° √µ—«ºâŸ, °â“πÕ—∫‡√≥Ÿ final stage √–¬– ¥ÿ ∑⓬*

2. ≈”µâπ¢Õßæ◊™™—Èπµ”Ë ∫“ßæ«° (‡™àπ final vacuum  ≠ÿ ≠“°“» ÿ¥∑⓬*

Nostoc, Oscillatoria ‡°‘¥®“°‡´≈≈å fin coulter §√’∫µ¥— ¥‘π (µ¥‘ Õ¬ŸàÀπ“â ‰∂À—«À¡Ÿ)

À≈“¬Ê ‡´≈≈å¡“‡™◊ËÕ¡µàÕ°π— ) 3. ‡ªìπ‡ âπ fine earth Õπÿ¿“§¢π“¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥ (ª∞.)

(ª¡.) fine grain : fine texture ‡πÈ◊Õ≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥*

filiform √Ÿª√à“߇À¡Õ◊ π‡ πâ ¥“â ¬ fineness §«“¡≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 116

A fines ‡»…‡ âπ„¬‰¡â fire break, evergreen ·π«µâπ‰¡âµâ“π‰ø
fire-cause classes ª√–‡¿∑‰ø
B fine-textured (soil) (¥π‘ )‡π◊ÕÈ ≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥ fire control °“√§«∫§¡ÿ ‰ø
fire control improvements Õÿª°√≥几√‘¡
C finetooth ´’Ë¢Õ߇øÕó ߧ√“¥‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬∑§Ë’ àÕπ¢“â ß∂Ë’
D °“√§«∫§¡ÿ ‰ø
E finetooth file µ–‰∫∑’Ë¡´’ ø’Ë πí ∂Ë’ fire control plan ·ºπ§«∫§ÿ¡‰ø
fire control unit Àπ૬æÈπ◊ ∑’§Ë «∫§¡ÿ ‰ø
F finger 1. º≈°≈⫬ 2. ™‘Èπ à«π∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥– fire cracker vine æ«ß· ¥ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈
G §≈⓬πÈ«‘ ¡◊Õ
Pyrostegia venusta, Miers)
H finger feed ¥Ÿ feed, finger fire crew ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’¥Ë ∫— ‰ø
fire damage §«“¡‡ ¬’ À“¬®“°‰ø
I finger grass À≠“â √ß— π° [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ fire danger Õ§— §’¿¬—
fire danger rating Õµ— √“Õ§— §¿’ ¬—
J Chloris polydactyla, (L.) Swartz.] fire danger station  ∂“πµ’ √«® Õ∫Õ§— §¿’ ¬—
fire-engine ‡§√ÕË◊ ߥ∫— ‡æ≈ß‘
K fingerlings ¢π“¥π«‘È ¡◊Õ fire-escape ∑“ßÀπ’‰ø
ML finish º‘«(‰¡â)·µßà  ”‡√Á®*, ™—πÈ ·µàߺ«‘ * (°“√ fire-finder ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ“µ”·Àπà߉ø
N ·∫ßà ™π—È ‰¡)â ,™π—È ∑‡Ë’ À¡“–·°°à “√·µßà º«‘ («π.) fire-finder map ·ºπ∑’ËÀ“µ”·Àπßà ‰ø
O fin-rays ´Õ’Ë Õà π„π§√’∫ (ª¡.) fire flail Õÿª°√≥¥å —∫‰ø
fire-fly À‘ßË ÀâÕ¬
P fire, centre °“√®ÿ¥ (‰ø) ®“°»πŸ ¬å°≈“ß fire guard ¬“¡√–«ß— ‰ø
fire line ·π«°—π‰ø
Q fire, creeping ‰ø§◊∫§≈“π fire man §π¥—∫‡æ≈ß‘

R fire, crown ‰ø∫π‡√Õ◊ π¬Õ¥

S fire, crowning ¥Ÿ fire, crown
T
U fire, edge °“√®ÿ¥ (‰ø) ®“°¢Õ∫

V fire, forest 俻҃
W fire, ground ‰øæ◊Èπ¥π‘

X fire, hangover ‰ø§ÿ

Y fire, jump ‰øª√–∑ÿ

Z fire, running ‰ø≈ÿ°≈“¡

fire, smouldering ‰ø°√ÿàπ fire occurrence map ·ºπ∑Ë·’ À≈à߇°¥‘ ‡æ≈ß‘

fire, spot ‰ø≈“¡®“°°“√ª√–∑ÿ fire perimeter ¢Õ∫‡¢µ‰ø

fire, spotting ¥Ÿ fire, spot fire plotting map ·ºπ∑’ËÀ“µ”·Àπßà ‰ø

fire, surface ‰øº«‘ ¥‘π fire plough ‡§√ÕË◊ ߉∂√àÕß°π— ‰ø

fire, test ‰ø∑¥ Õ∫ fire presuppression °“√‡µ√¬’ ¡°“√ª√“∫‰ø

fire atlas ª√–¡«≈·ºπ∑’ˉø fire progress map ·ºπ∑’Ë· ¥ß°“√≈ÿ°≈“¡

fire beater Õÿª°√≥¥å —∫‰ø ¢Õ߉ø

fire belt ·π«°πÈ— ‰ø fire-proof ´ßË÷ °—π‰ø‰À¡â, ´Ëß÷ ‰¡à‰À¡â‰ø

fire break ·π«µâ“π‰ø fire proofing °“√∑”„À∑â π‰ø*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

117

fireproofed wood ‰¡â∑π‰ø* fixative ∑”„Àâµ√÷ß, ∑”„À§â ß ¿“æ A
B
fire retardant chemical ‡§¡’¿≥— ±µå “â π‰ø fixed oil πÈ”¡π— √–‡À¬¬“° C
D
fire risk Õπ— µ√“¬®“°‰ø fixer µ«— µ√ß÷ E
F
fire scar √Õ¬‰ø‰À¡*â fixture ∑Ë’®∫— ¬÷¥, ¢“µ¥‘ À≈Õ¥‰ø G
H
fire scar, hidden √Õ¬‰ø‰À¡â„µ‡â ª≈◊Õ° fixtures ™Èπ‘  «à πº≈‘µ¿≥— ±å‰¡ â ”‡√Á®√ªŸ * I
J
fire season ƒ¥‰Ÿ øªÉ“ flabellate ¡’≈°— …≥–§≈⓬楗 K
L
fire season, normal ƒ¥Ÿ‰øª“É ª√°µ‘ flacoid ÕàÕππÿ¡à , ª«°‡ªï¬° M
N
fire size classes ™πÈ— ¢π“¥‰ø flag ∏ŸªƒÂ…’ («—™æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Typha O
P
fire spotter ¬“¡√–«—߉ø, (¥Ÿ look out) angustifolia, L.) Q
R
fire suppression °“√ª√“∫‰ø·∫∫°√–Àπ“∫ flagellum 1. · â‡´≈≈å 2. ‡¥◊Õ¬¬÷¥ S
T
fire swatter Õÿª°√≥套∫‰ø flag worm ¡Õ¥∏ß* U
V
fire trace ·π«µ“â π‰ø flail 1. ∑àÕπ‰¡âºŸ°µàÕ°—π¥â«¬‡™◊Õ°À√◊ÕÀ¡ÿ¥ W
X
fire trail ∑“ß„™â¥∫— ‰ø ∑”„ÀâÀ¡ÿπ‰¥âÕ‘ √– „™πâ «¥‡¡≈¥Á ∏≠— æ™◊ „Àâ Y
Z
fire trap ∑Ë’‰«‰ø À≈¥ÿ ®“°√«ß 2. „∫¡¥’ À√Õ◊ „∫楗 ∑¡Ë’ ’§«“¡

fire warden À—«Àπâ“Àπ૬ªÑÕß°—π‰ø ¬“«¡“°°«à“§«“¡°«“â ß À¡ÿπ‰ª‚¥¬Õ“»—¬

fire weather forcast 欓°√≥å≈¡ø“Ñ Õ“°“» µπâ °”≈—ߢ∫—

‡°’¬Ë «°—∫‰ø flail, to π«¥∏≠— æ™◊

fire weather station  ∂“π’µ√«®≈¡øÑ“ flail, cutting ¥Ÿ flail type knife

Õ“°“»‡°’¬Ë «°∫— ‰ø flail mower ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßµ¥— À≠“â ∑¡Ë’ ’„∫¡¥’ ·∫∫ flail

firewood ‡»…‰¡â*, ‰¡âøπó * (A. cordwood) flail rotor „∫楗 ∑¡’Ë ≈’ °— …≥–‡À¡Õ◊ π„∫¡¥’ ·∫∫

fire wound ·º≈‰ø‰À¡â flail

firm §ß∑π flail type knife „∫¡’¥∑’Ë„™âµ—¥À√◊Õ —∫À≠â“

fishery °“√ª√–¡ß À√Õ◊ ∏—≠æ™◊ ‚¥¬°“√À¡πÿ ‡°≈¬’ «„∫¡¥’

fish glue °“«ª≈“* flake ≈Õ°‡ªπì ·ºπà , ·µ°‡ªπì ·ºàπ

fishstick ª≈“·∑àß flake board ·ºàπ‡°≈Á¥‰¡âÕ—¥*, ·ºàπ‰¡â —∫

fission °“√·∫ßà ·¬°µ«— , °“√¢¬“¬æπ— ∏‚ÿå ¥¬°“√ Õ—¥ÀπⓇ°≈Á¥‰¡*â

·∫ßà ‡´≈≈宓° 1 ‡ªπì 2 flamboyant ¥Ÿ flame tree

fistular °≈«ßµ≈Õ¥§«“¡¬“« flame tree À“ßπ°¬ßŸ Ω√ßË— (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Delomix

fit 1. ∫“° ‚§àπ ·≈–À¡“¬∑Õπ* 2. ≈Õ° regia, Raf.)

‡ª≈◊Õ°, ·´–‡ª≈Õ◊ °* 3. ·µßà øπí ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬* flame of the forest ∑Õß°«“« (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ

fix µ”·Àπàß∑Ë’°”À𥉫,â ¬¥÷ Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∑Ë’ Butea frondosa, Roxb.)

fixation °“√µ√÷ß, °“√¬÷¥µ¥‘ Õ¬°Ÿà ∫— ¥π‘

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 118

A flame of the wood ‡¢Á¡Ω√—Ëß, ‡¢Á¡ÀπŸ (‰¡â √  (taste À√◊Õ gustatory) Õ—π‰¥â·°à
√ À«“π √ ‡§Á¡ √ ‡ª√’Ȭ« √ ¢¡ ·≈–
B ª√–¥—∫„π °≈ÿ Ixora coccinea, L.) √ Ω“¥ ‡¢â“¥â«¬°π— ]
flaw ≈Õ°‡ª≈Õ◊ °*
C flame thrower ‡§√◊ÕË ß©¥’ ‰ø flay ¥Ÿ flaw
D flax ª“É π≈π‘ π‘ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Linum usitatissi-
E flame vine æ«ß· ¥ (¥Ÿ fire crackervine) num, L.)
flea À¡—¥ ( —µ«å™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß™Õ∫Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡µ—« ÿπ—¢
F flange 1. Àπâ“·ª≈π 2.  à«π∑’ˬ◊πË ÕÕ°¡“®“° ·¡«)
G ¢Õ∫À√◊Õ«ß·À«π 3. ≈°— …≥–∑¬’Ë πË◊ ÕÕ°¡“ fleck ®¥ÿ ‡≈°Á Ê
flecks ≈“¬®¥ÿ , √Õ¬®ÿ¥Ê*
H flange pulley ≈Õâ  “¬æ“π∑Ë’¡¢’ Õ∫¬◊Ëπ 2 ¢â“ß flesh ‡π◊ÕÈ , ‡πÈÕ◊ º≈‰¡â
fleshy ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ
I flank ´Õ°¢“, ∫√‘‡«≥´Õ°‚§π¢“À≈—ߢÕß fleshy root √“°∑Ë’‚µÀπ“¢÷Èπª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
Õ“À“√∑ ’Ë – ¡‰«Õâ ¬“à ß ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å ‡™πà √“°¡π— -
J  µ— «åæ«°«—« §«“¬ ¡â“ ‡∑» ·§√√å Õ∑ À—«º°— °“¥À«“𠇪πì µâπ
flexeus ¡’√Ÿª§¥‰ª¡“ À√◊Õ§≈⓬≈Ÿ°§≈Ë◊π
K flanking °“√ª√“∫‰ø·∫∫°√–Àπ“∫ (¥Ÿ fire  «à π¡“°„™°â ∫— µâπæ™◊
L flipper §√’∫„∫擬
M suppression) flitch ‰¡µâ —∫Àπ“*, ‰¡‡â  ¬’È «*
float 1. ·æ´ÿß* 2. ≈Õà ß´ÿß* 3. Àπ«à ¬«—¥*
N flash ‡°‘¥¢πÈ÷ √«¥‡√«Á (∑—∫»—æ∑)å 4. Õªÿ °√≥å∑Ë’„™â„π°“√‡°≈ˬ’ º«‘
O flash flood π”È ª“É , π”È ∑à«¡©—∫æ≈π— Àπâ“¥‘π„Àâ‡√’¬∫ 5. ‰¡â°√–¥“π ”À√—∫µ’

P flash point ®ÿ¥«“∫‰ø

Q flat (level) ∑’Ë√“∫‡√’¬∫ (ª∞.)

R flat, almost §àÕπ¢“â ß√“∫‡√’¬∫

S flat, nearly §Õà π¢â“ß√“∫‡√¬’ ∫
T
U flat-cutting °“√‡≈Ë◊Õ¬´Õ¬¢π“πÀπâ“·§∫*

V flat-grain ∑Ë’‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬µ—¥√»— ¡’*, ∑Ë’‡≈Ë◊Õ¬·∫∫À≈ß—
W À¡*Ÿ

X flatheaded borer ¥â«ßÀ—«·∫π*

Y flat raft ·æ·¡àπÈ”*

Z flat-sawed ¥Ÿ flat-sawn

flat-sawn∑‡Ë’ ≈ÕË◊ ¬µ¥— √»— ¡*’ ,∑‡Ë’ ≈ÕË◊ ¬·∫∫À≈ß— À¡*Ÿ °Õâ π¥π‘ „À·â µ°¬ÿଠ6. ≈Ÿ°≈Õ¬ 7. ≈Õ¬µ«—

(S. back-cut, back-sawn, bastard- 8. Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™âÕÿ¥øíπ¡“â

sawn, crown-cut, plain-sawn, slash floated bright ≈Õ¬‰¡à‡ ’¬ ’*

grain, slash-sawn, tangential cut) floater 1. ‰¡≈â Õ¬π”È * 2. ‰¡âµàÕª≈“¬≈Õ¬*

flat stacking °“√°Õ߉¡·â ∫∫Àπâ“√“∫* floating, loose 1.°“√≈Õà ß´ßÿ ‡¥’ˬ«* 2. °“√

flavedo ¥Ÿ hesperidium ª≈Õà ¬§«“¬*

flavor √ ™“µ‘ [‡ªìπ°“√√«¡‡Õ“°≈‘Ëπ (odor floating fern º—°°Ÿ¥πÈ” («—™æ◊™π”È „π °ÿ≈

À√◊Õ olfactory) ´Ë÷߇°‘¥®“° “√ ‡™àπ Ceratopteris thalictroides, Brong.)

·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å, aldehyde, ester œ≈œ °∫— floating root √“°≈Õ¬

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

119

floccose ª°§≈¡ÿ ¥«â ¬ª¬ÿ ¢πÕÕà π flotation : floatation (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å , °√–∫«π°“√ A
B
floccosoids ®ÿ¥¢“«*, ≈“¬¢“«* ·¬° π‘ ·√àÕÕ°®“°Àπ‘ ·≈–∑√“¬ C
D
flocculant  “√™«à ¬®∫— °≈à¡ÿ flour ·ªßÑ (®“°‡¡≈¥Á ∏≠— æ™◊ ), « — ¥·ÿ Àßâ ∑‡Ë’ ªπì ºß, E
F
flocculate 1. ®∫— °≈¡ÿà , ®—∫°π— ‡ªìπ°âÕπ, √«¡ ‚√¬Àπ“⠥⫬·ªßÑ G
H
‡Õ“‡»…‡≈Á°‡»…πâÕ¬À≈“¬Ê  à«π‡¢â“¡“ flour, fish ª≈“ªÉπ I
J
‡ªìπ°âÕπÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡ 3. °“√∑”„Àâ flour, potato ·ªßÑ ¡π— Ω√ßË— K
L
Õπ¿ÿ “§(¥π‘ )‡°“–µ¥‘ °—π (ª∞.) flour, wood ºß‰¡∫â ¥*, ·ªßÑ ‰¡â («π.) M
N
flocculating cation ª√–®ÿ∫«°∑’Ë à߇ √‘¡°“√ floury ÕàÕππàÿ¡§≈“â ¬·ªÑß O
P
‡°“–°≈ÿà¡ flow divider Õÿª°√≥·å ∫àß™Õà ß∑“߉À≈ Q
R
flocculation °“√√«¡°≈ÿ¡à Õπÿ¿“§,  ¿“æ°“√ flow dust °√–· ΩÉÿπ ( “√‡§¡’) S
T
√«¡°≈ÿ¡à Õπ¿ÿ “§, °“√®∫— µ—«‡ªπì °Õâ π, °“√ flower ¥Õ°‰¡,â  à«π¢Õßæ◊™Õπ— ‡ªìπ∑‡Ë’ °‘¥¢Õß U
V
‡°“–°≈àÿ¡µ°µ–°Õπ (ª∞.) ‡° √µ—«ºŸ·â ≈–‡° √µ«— ‡¡’¬, „À¥â Õ°, ∑”„Àâ W
X
flock Ωߟ  µ— «,å °≈¡ÿà ¢Õß µ— «å (¡°— „™°â ∫— ·æ– ·°– ÕÕ°¥Õ° Y
Z
·≈– π°) flower, complete ¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å, ¥Õ°‰¡â∑’Ë¡’

flood πÈ”∑à«¡, ª≈àÕ¬„Àπâ ”È ∑«à ¡  «à π¢Õߥհ§√∫∑°ÿ Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ °≈∫’ ‡≈¬È’ ß

flooding πÈ”∑«à ¡, °“√¢ß— πÈ”, °“√∑«à ¡¢ß— ¢Õßπ”È , °≈∫’ ¥Õ° ‡° √µ«— ºâŸ ‡° √µ«— ‡¡’¬ ‡ªìπµâπ

°“√„Àπâ È”·∫∫ª≈àÕ¬πÈ”„Àâ∑«à ¡·ª≈ß flower, double ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’ à«π¢Õߥհ¡“°

flood plain ∑’Ë√“∫π”È ∑à«¡∂÷ß, æ◊Èπ∑Ë’‡°◊Õ∫√“∫ °«à“ª√°µ‘ [‡™àπ °≈’∫¥Õ° ∫“ߧ√—È߇° √

‡√’¬∫´Ë÷ßπ”È  “¡“√∂‰À≈∫à“‰ª‰¥∑â Ë«— ∂ß÷ µ—«ºâŸ·≈–‡° √µ—«‡¡’¬Õ“®‡ª≈Ë’¬π√Ÿª‰ª

flora 惰…™“µ‘ ‡ªìπ «à π¢Õß°≈∫’ (perianth segments)]

floral tube ¥Ÿ androperianth tube flower, irregular ¥Õ°‰¡â∑Ë’¡’ à«π¢Õߥհ

floras paintbrush ÀŸª≈“™àÕπ (¥Ÿ consump- ‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π∑È—ß™ÿ¥ ( “¡“√∂·∫àߧ√÷Ëß„Àâ

tion weed)  à«π∑È—ß Õ߇À¡◊Õπ°—π‰¥â‡æ’¬ß·π«‡¥’¬«

flores de Singapore æßÿ ¥Õ («™— æ◊™‡¢µ√Õâ π ∑”„À‡â °¥‘ §«“¡‡À¡Õ◊ π·∫∫ bilateral sym-

„π °≈ÿ Azima sarmentosa, Benth.) metry ‡™πà ¥Õ°∂«—Ë ¥Õ°°≈«â ¬‰¡â ‡ªπì µπâ )

floret ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬„π™àÕ¥Õ°√«¡·≈–„πæ◊™ flower, pistilate ¥Õ°µ—«‡¡¬’ , ¥Õ°‰¡â´Ë÷߉¡à¡’

µ√–°Ÿ≈À≠“â ‡° √µ—«ºâŸ

floricane  à«π¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë¡’¥Õ°À√◊Õº≈¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà flower, regular ¥Õ°‰¡â´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–¢Õß

‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬“à ߬ßË‘ „π Rubus ¥Õ°‡¡◊ËÕ¡Õß®“°¥â“π∫π®–‡ªìπ√Ÿª«ß°≈¡

floriculture «™‘ “«“à ¥â«¬‰¡¥â Õ°·≈–‰¡âª√–¥—∫ (∂â“·∫àߧ√Ë÷ß„Àâºà“π‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß

floriferous ¡’¥Õ° ¥Õ°  à«π∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß®–‡∑à“°—πÀ√◊Õ

florigen ŒÕ√å‚¡π∑’˙૬°√–µπâÿ „À‡â °‘¥µ“¥Õ° ‡À¡◊Õπ°—𠧫“¡‡À¡◊Õπ·∫∫π’ȇ√’¬°«à“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 120

A radial symmetry) ´ß÷Ë ¡“°æÕ∑Ë’®–∑”„À¥â ‘πÕàÕ𵫗 ≈ß 5. ≈â“ß
º‘«À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿæ√ÿπ¥â«¬πÈ”ª√‘¡“≥¡“°„π
B flower, staminate ¥Õ°µ«— ºâŸ ‡«≈“ È—πÊ
flushing °“√„ÀÕâ “À“√‡æ¡‘Ë ‡µ¡‘ ·°à —µ«å°Õà πƒ¥Ÿ
C flower bed ·ª≈ߥհ‰¡â º ¡æ—π∏åÿ 2-3  —ª¥“Àå ‡æË◊Õ‡√àß°“√º≈‘µ
D ‰¢àÀ√Õ◊ π”È ‡™◊ÈÕµ«— ºâŸ
E flower bud µ“¥Õ° flute √“ß, À≈◊∫*, √àÕ߇≈°Á Ê
flute, to ∑”„À⇪ìπ√Õà ߇≈°Á Ê
F flower gardening °“√∑” «π‰¡¥â Õ° flute corrugation 1. ≈—°…≥– —πÀ√◊Õ√àÕß
G flowering °“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° À¬—°∫πº«‘ 2. Ω“°√–ªÜÕß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°
flute-budding °“√µ¥‘ µ“æ™◊ ·∫∫·ª– [„™°â ∫—
H flowering hormone ŒÕ√å‚¡π∑’˙૬°√–µâÿπ µâπµÕ∑Ë’≈Õ°‡ª≈◊Õ°¬“° ∑”‰¥â‚¥¬°“√
‡®“–‡ª≈◊Õ°µâπµÕ‡ªìπ√Ÿª Ë’‡À≈’ˬ¡·≈â«
I „À⇰‘¥µ“¥Õ° (¥Ÿ florigen) ·°–ÕÕ° ‡Õ“°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå (scion) ∑’ˇ©◊Õπ„Àâ
¡¢’ π“¥æÕ¥°’ —∫√Õ¬∑’Ë∑”‰«â„ à≈߉ª]
J flowering regulator  ‘Ëß°√–µÿâπ∑Ë’¡’º≈µàÕ fluted 1. ´÷Ë߇ªìπ√àÕß 2. ≈—°…≥–°“√ªÑÕπ
‡¡≈Á¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕߪ≈Ÿ°‚¥¬ºà“π‡æ≈“∑Ë’¡’
K µ“¥Õ° √Õà ßÕ¬‚àŸ ¥¬√Õ∫ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ‡æ≈“À¡πÿ ‰ª‡¡≈¥Á ®–
L À≈àπ‰ª„π√àÕß·≈⫉À≈‰ª∑Ë’∑“ßÕÕ°·≈â«
M flower pecker π°°“Ω“° (π°„π °ÿ≈ À¬Õ¥≈߉ª„π¥‘π
fluvial deposit : fluvial sediment µ–°Õπ
N Prionochilus sp. ·≈– Dicacum sp.) ∏“√πÈ”æ“,  Ë‘ßµ°®¡∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«—µ∂ÿ∑Ë’
O flower thinning °“√ª≈¥‘ ¥Õ° (¥Ÿ thinning) πȔ楗 æ“¡“

P flow velocity §«“¡‡√Á«°“√‰À≈

Q fluctuation §«“¡‰¡§à ß∑Ë’

R flue ª≈àÕß* (S. chimney)

S fluff ¢πª¬ÿ („µ∑â Õâ ß)
T
U fluffy √«à π´¬ÿ

V fluid ¢Õ߉À≈, ∑Ë’‰À≈‰¥â
W fluid clay ¥π‘ ‡Àπ¬’ «‡À≈«

X fluid fertilizer ªÜÿ¬‡À≈«

Y fluidify ∑”„Àâ‡À≈«

Z fluidity §«“¡‡À≈«

fluidize Õ“°“√‰À≈Õ¬à“ߢÕ߇À≈« fluviatile ∑‡’Ë °’ˬ«°∫— ·¡πà È”≈”∏“√

fluid lime ªŸπ‡À≈« flux, velocity §«“¡‡√«Á °“√‰À≈

fluid meter ¡“µ√«—¥Õ—µ√“°“√‰À≈ flux density ¥Ÿ flow velocity

fluke 欓∏‘„∫‰¡â fly catcher, fantail π°Õ’·æ√¥ (π°„π °≈ÿ

flume √“ߪ≈Õà ¬‰¡*â (¡π’ ”È ) Rhipidura sp.)

fluorescene °“√‡√◊Õß· ß, °“√«“«· ß fly catcher, jungle π°®∫— ·¡≈ß (π°„π sub

fluorine recovery °“√·¬°ø≈ÕŸ Õ√’π family Muscicapinae)

flush 1. º≈‘„∫ 2. ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ„∫ÕàÕπ 3. ‡√àß fly catcher, paradise π°·´« «√√§å (π°„π

Õ“À“√ ( «.) 4. „Àπâ ”È ·°àæπ◊È ∑’Ë„πª√‘¡“≥  °≈ÿ Terpsiphone)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

121

flying Dutchman √Õ°À≈—°* foliacous ¡’≈°— …≥–§≈“â ¬„∫ A
B
flying lemur ∫“à ß ( µ— «å„π °≈ÿ Cynocepha- foliage anthurium Àπ“â ««— „∫ (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π C
D
lus variegatus)  °≈ÿ Anthurium magnificum, Lindl.) E
F
flying squirrel, red giant °√–√Õ°∫‘π„À≠à foliar application °“√„ÀâªÜ¬ÿ ∑“ß„∫ G
H
( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ Petaurista petaurista) foliar diagnosis °“√«‘π‘®©—¬°“√¢“¥∏“µÿ I
J
flying squirrel, small °√–√Õ°∫π‘ ‡≈°Á Õ“À“√¢Õßæ◊™‚¥¬ —߇°µ®“°≈—°…≥–¢Õß K
L
flywheel ≈âՙ૬·√ß („™â°—∫‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√¢π“¥ „∫, °“√µ√«®«‘π‘®©—¬„∫æ◊™ M
N
„À≠à ‡ªìπ«ß≈âÕ∑’˙૬√—°…“°“√À¡ÿπ¢Õß foliar fertilization °“√„À⪬Üÿ ∑“ß„∫æ™◊ O
P
‡§√◊ÕË ß®°— √„À â ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ) foliate ¡’„∫ Q
R
flywheel ring gear ‡øÕó ߢÕß≈Õâ ™«à ¬·√ß foliocellosis ¥Ÿ frenching S
T
foal ≈°Ÿ ¡“â foliolate ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬„∫¬Õà ¬∑Ë’‰¡§à Õà ¬‡¥àπ™—¥ U
V
foamøÕß∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ®“°°“√°«πÀ√Õ◊ °“√µ¡â „À‡â ¥Õ◊ ¥ ‡™πà „∫ ¡â ‡ªπì µπâ W
X
foamer glue °“«øÕß* follicetum °≈àÿ¡º≈™π¥‘ follicle Y
Z
foaming °“√‡°‘¥øÕß* follicle 1. Ωí°, º≈™π¥‘ ·°·à ≈â«·Àßâ ¡æ’ √Ÿ ß— ‰¢à

foamy glue °“«‡ªπì øÕß* 1 æŸ ‡«≈“·µ°®–·µ°µ“¡√Õ¬µ–‡¢∫Á ¥â“π

f.o.b. : free-on-board  ßà ≈߇√◊Õ* ‡¥’¬« 2. °√–‡ª“–‰¢à, øÕ߉¢à∑’Ë°”≈—ß

f.o.c. : free-on-car  ßà ¢π÷È √∂* ‡®√≠‘ Õ¬∫àŸ π√—߉¢à

fodder Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’‡¬Ë◊Õ„¬ Ÿß„™â‡≈È’¬ßª»ÿ —µ«å, following °“√æ—°¥π‘ (ª∞.)

∏—≠æ◊™æ«°¢â“«‚æ¥ ¢â“«øÉ“ß À√◊ÕÀ≠â“ food chain ‚´Õà “À“√

µâπ„À≠àÀ¬“∫∑’ˇ°Á∫‡°Ë’¬«∑—Èßµâπ·≈â«√«¡ food processing °“√·ª√√ªŸ Õ“À“√

‡ªìπ°ÕßµÈß— ºË÷ß·¥¥‰«â food stuff «— ¥∫ÿ √‚‘ ¿§

fodder, fulled „∫¢â“«‚æ¥À√◊բ⓫øÉ“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ° food web  “¬„¬Õ“À“√

µ¥— À√◊Õ¥ß÷ ÕÕ°®“°≈”µπâ foot, running øÿµ§«“¡¬“«*

foetus ≈Ÿ°( —µ«å)ÕàÕπ„π∑Õâ ß (¥Ÿ fetus) foot, stacked cubic ≈Ÿ°∫“»°åøÿµ°Õß*

fog nozzle À—«©¥’ ‡ªìπ≈–ÕÕß foot, superface µ“√“ßøÿµ*

foil (∑—∫»—æ∑)å , ·ºàπ‚≈À–∑ºË’ à“π°“√√’¥®π∫“ß footbrake ‡∫√§‡∑â“ (∑”„À⇧√Ë◊Õ߬πµåÀ¬ÿ¥

f.o.l. (free-on-lorry)  àߢ÷Èπ√∂∫√√∑ÿ°* °“√‡§≈Õ◊Ë π‰À«)

(S. f.o.t.) foothill slope : footslope ∑Ë’≈“¥‡™ß‘ ‡¢“

fold ™π—È À‘𧥂§âß* foot lid ‰¡√â Õßµπ’ ‡ “Õÿ‚¡ß§å

folded mountain ¿Ÿ‡¢“∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√§¥‚§âß foot-operated „™â·√ß®“°‡∑â“ (‡æË◊Õ„Àâ

¢ÕßÀπ‘ ‡§√Ë◊Õß°≈‰°∑”ß“π)

folding °“√ßÕµ—«¢Õß™πÈ— Àπ‘ footprint √Õ¬∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ®“°≈âÕ°¥∑—∫‰ª∫πæπ◊È ¥‘π

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 122

A foot rest ∑Ë«’ “߇∑â“, ∑æË’ —°‡∑“â forest, fresh water swamp ª“É æ√ÿ, ª“É ∫÷ß
forest, fringing ª“É √¡‘ π”È , ª“É √–π“¡ (ª“É √°
B foot run øÿµ§«“¡¬“«* (Àπ૬§«“¡¬“«øµÿ ∑Ë’
©”·©–)
C °”Àπ¥Àπ“â ‰¡â‰«·â πàπÕπ) forest, gallery ¥Ÿ forest, fringing
D forest, high ª“É  ßŸ , ªÉ“∑ˇ’ °¥‘ ®“°‡¡≈Á¥, ª“É ∑∫÷
E f.o.q. : free-on-quay  ßà ∂ß÷ ∑à“* forest, hill evergreen ª“É ¥∫‘ ‡¢“, ª“É ¥ß¥∫‘ ‡¢“
forest, irregular ªÉ“‰¡à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ
F f.o.r. : free-on-rail  àߢπ÷È √∂‰ø* forest, lithoral ªÉ“™“¬‡≈π, ªÉ“‡≈ππ”È ‡§Á¡,
G forage æ◊™Õ“À“√ —µ«å, æ◊™º—°‰¡à«à“ ¥À√◊Õ
ª“É ‚°ß°“ß
H À¡°—  – ¡‰« â ”À√∫— ‡ªπì Õ“À“√ µ— «,å ¬“« — forest, mangrove ª“É ™“¬‡≈π, ª“É ‡≈ππ”È ‡§¡Á ,

I (øÉÕπÀ≠“â , À≠â“À√◊ÕÕ“À“√¢Õß µ— «)å ª“É ‚°ß°“ß
forest, mixed ªÉ“º ¡
J forage crop æ◊™Õ“À“√ —µ«å forest, mixed deciduous ªÉ“‡∫≠®æ√√≥,

K foramen √,Ÿ ™Õà ß (™’«.) ªÉ“º ¡º≈—¥„∫, ªÉ“‚ª√ßà º ¡
L forest, monsoon ªÉ“¡√ ÿ¡
M forb æ™◊ ≈â¡≈ÿ° forest, normal ª“É ¡“µ√∞“π
forest, pine ¥Ÿ forest, coniferous
N forced circulation kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡√àß forest, primary ªÉ“¥‘∫
O °√–· ≈¡* forest, primeval ªÉ“¥∫‘
forest, production ªÉ“º≈‘µº≈
P forcing °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ◊™„π‡√◊Õπ°√–®°, °“√∫—ߧ—∫ forest, protected ªÉ“§¡âÿ §√Õß
forest, protection ª“É Õ“√—°¢“
Q („À≥âº≈) forest, pure ªÉ“≈«â π

R fore-and-aft road ∑“߉¡∑â Õ¥µ“¡¬“«*

S forequater  «à πÀπ“â ¢Õß µ— «,å ¢“Àπ“â ¢Õß µ— «å
T
U forest, beach ª“É ™“¬À“¥

V forest, climax ªÉ“‰§≈·¡°´å (¥Ÿ climax
W forest)

X forest, closed ªÉ“∑÷∫, ª“É ªî¥

Y forest, communual ª“É ª√–™“§¡

Z forest, coniferous ª“É  π, ª“É  π‡¢“

forest, coppice ªÉ“∑’ˇ°¥‘ ®“°µÕ forest, pyrogenous ª“É æßË÷ ‰ø

forest, crown ªÉ“¢Õß√∞— forest, rain ª“É ¥ß¥‘∫™È◊π

forest, deciduous ª“É º≈—¥„∫ forest, regular ªÉ“ ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ

forest, deciduous dipterocarp ªÉ“·æ–, forest, reserved ª“É  ß«π

ª“É ·¥ß, ª“É ‚§° forest, riparian ªÉ“√‘¡π”È , ªÉ“√–π“¡

forest, dry dipterocarp ¥Ÿ forest, deci- forest, riverain ªÉ“™“¬‡øÕó ¬

duous dipterocarp forest, riverine ªÉ“™“¬‡øóÕ¬

forest, dry-evergreen ªÉ“¥∫‘ ·≈ßâ forest, samet ª“É ‡ ¡Á¥

forest, evergreen ª“É ‰¡àº≈¥— „∫ forest, savannah ªÉ“∑ßÿà

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

123

forest, sclerophyllous ª“É ‰¡â„∫·¢ßÁ forest floor æÈ◊πª“É , ™È—πæ™◊ ºÿ A
B
forest, scrub ª“É ≈–‡¡“–, ªÉ“·§√– forest influences Õ∑‘ ∏‘æ≈ª“É ‰¡â C
D
forest, scrub land ª“É ≈–‡¡“–, ªÉ“·§√– forest inventory °“√ ”√«®·®ßπ—∫ª“É ‰¡â E
F
forest, seasonal ª“É ‡ª≈’¬Ë πµ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ forest litter æ◊™‡√Ë¡‘ ºÿ™πÈ— ∫π G
H
forest, secondary ª“É √ÿπà  Õß forest management °“√®¥— °“√ªÉ“‰¡â I
J
forest, seedling ªÉ“‡°‘¥®“°‡¡≈¥Á forest mensuration °“√§≥µ‘ ª“É ‰¡â K
L
forest, selection ª“É ‡≈◊Õ°µ—¥ forest offence §«“¡º‘¥§¥ª’ É“‰¡â M
N
forest, spined shrub ¥Ÿ forest, thorny forest organization °“√®—¥√–‡∫’¬∫ªÉ“‰¡â O
P
forest, state ª“É ¢Õß√—∞ forest outlier ªÉ“‚¥¥ Q
R
forest, storeyed high ª“É  ŸßÀ≈“¬™Èπ— forest pathology «‘∑¬“‚√§ªÉ“‰¡â, 欓∏‘ S
T
forest, sub-tropical pine ªÉ“ π„π¿“§ «‘∑¬“ªÉ“‰¡â U
V
‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ forest percent  à«π≈¥¢Õߪ“É W
X
forest, sub-tropical wet hill ªÉ“¥‘∫‡¢“„π forest percent, current annual  à«π≈¥ Y
Z
¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¢Õߪɓ√“¬ªï

forest, swamp ªÉ“æ√ÿ, ª“É ∫ß÷ forest percent, mean annual  à«π≈¥¢Õß

forest, thorny ªÉ“·§√–Àπ“¡ ªÉ“‡©≈¬Ë’ √“¬ªï

forest, tidal ª“É πÈ”∑–‡≈¢πÈ÷ ∂÷ß forest policy π‚¬∫“¬°“√ªÉ“‰¡â

forest, tropical evergreen ªÉ“¥ß¥‘∫ forest produce «πº≈‘µº≈, º≈µ‘ º≈ªÉ“‰¡*â

forest, tropical rain ªÉ“¥∫‘ ™Èπ◊ forest produce, major «πº≈‘µº≈À≈—°,

forest, tropical wet evergreen ª“É ¥ß¥∫‘ ™◊πÈ º≈µ‘ º≈ªÉ“‰¡Àâ ≈—°*

forest, type of ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߪ“É forest produce, minor «πº≈‘µº≈√Õß,

forest, unclassed ªÉ“πÕ°®”·π° º≈µ‘ º≈ªÉ“‰¡√â Õß*

forest, village ªÉ“À¡àŸ∫“â π forest products «πº≈µ‘ ¿—≥±å*

forest, virgin ªÉ“¥∫‘ forest products, major «πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ≈°— *

forest assessment °“√ª√–‡¡π‘ ‰¡â„πª“É forest products, minor «πº≈µ‘ ¿—≥±å√Õß*

forestation  «πªÉ“ forest protection °“√Õ“√°— ¢“ªÉ“‰¡â

forest capital ∑πÿ ∑√—æ¬ªå “É ‰¡â forest right  ∑‘ ∏‘ª“É ‰¡â

forest climax °“√‡°¥‘ ªÉ“‰§≈·¡°´å forest settlement °“√°”Àπ¥‡¢µæπ◊È ∑ªË’ “É

forest cover ªÉ“ª√° forest settlement officer ‡®â“Àπâ“∑°Ë’ ”Àπ¥

forest depot À¡Õπª“É * ‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ

forest economics ‡»√…∞»“ µ√åª“É ‰¡â forest squatter ºâŸ‡À¬’¬∫¬Ë”, ºâŸÕ“»—¬ªÉ“,

forest estate æÈπ◊ ∑Ë’∑”ª“É ºâÕŸ ¬àªŸ É“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 124

A forest soil ¥‘πªÉ“ fork tail π°°“ß‡¢ππ”È (π°„π °≈ÿ Enicurus
sp.)
B forest soils ª∞æ’«‘∑¬“ªÉ“‰¡â
form(er) √Ÿª≈—°…≥–, ·∫∫*, √ªŸ ∑√ß, ∑√ß
C forest type ™π‘¥ªÉ“ forma ¢È—π‡≈Á°∑Ë’ ¥ÿ „π°“√·∫àß·¬°∑“ß惰…-
D
E forest utilization °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πåªÉ“‰¡â »“ µ√å ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß
‡≈Á°ÊπâÕ¬Ê ‡™àπ  ’º≈, °≈’∫¥Õ° œ≈œ
F forest valuation °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§“à ªÉ“‰¡â ‡ªπì µπâ
G forest village À¡Ÿà∫“â πª“É ‰¡â formation, sludge °“√√«¡µ«— ¢Õßµ–°Õπ
formation closed ª“É ∑÷∫
H forest weather station  ∂“π’µ√«®Õ“°“» form class ™π—È √ªŸ ≈°— …≥–
former tidal flat ∑√Ë’ “∫≈à¡ÿ πÈ”‡§¬¢÷πÈ ∂÷ß
I ‡°¬’Ë «°—∫‰øª“É form factor §à“§ß∑’Ë´Ë÷ß„™â„π°“√ª√—∫§à“
ª√‘¡“µ√¢Õßµâπ‰¡â∑Ë’‰¥â®“°°“√§”π«≥„Àâ
J forester «π°√, π—°«™‘ “°“√ªÉ“‰¡â ‡ªπì ª√¡‘ “µ√∑·’Ë ∑®â √ß‘ ¢Õßµâπ‰¡â
form height √ªŸ ≈°— …≥–∑“ß Ÿß
K forestry «π»“ µ√å, «‘™“°“√ª“É ‰¡â form lines ‡ πâ ≈“¬¢Õ∫‡π‘π
L form machine ‡§√ÕË◊ ß®°— √∑Ë’„™¢â π÷È √ªŸ ·ºπà ‚≈À–
M forestry, multiple-use «π»“ µ√·å ∫∫Õ‡π° form point ®¥ÿ »Ÿπ¬å°≈“߇√◊Õπ¬Õ¥
form point height Õµ— √“ «à π ßŸ ®ÿ¥»πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß
N ª√–‚¬™πå ‡√Õ◊ π¬Õ¥
O forestry (fertilizer) grade ¢π“¥‡¡Á¥ªÿܬ∑’Ë formula 1.  Ÿµ√, µ”√∫— 2. ª√‘¡“≥·≈–™π‘¥
¢Õߪÿ¬Ü º ¡∑’Ë„™°â ∫— æ◊™„¥æ™◊ ÀπË÷ß (ª∞.)
P „™â°—∫æ◊Èπ∑Ë’ªÉ“‰¡â (¡—°¡’¢π“¥‚µ‡ªìπ摇»… formulate §‘¥ µŸ √

Q ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “¡“√∂À«à“π¥â«¬‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘π„π

R æπ◊È ∑’ªË “É ‰¡â‰¥â)

S forest torch ‡§√◊ËÕß©’¥‰ø
T
U fork ß“à ¡(‰¡)â * (S. crotch)

V fork, manure §√“¥º ¡ªÜÿ¬§Õ°
W Forkert-budding °“√µ‘¥µ“·∫∫øÕ√凰‘∑

X [∑”‰¥‚â ¥¬°“√ª“¥‡ª≈Õ◊ °µπâ µÕ≈ߢ“â ß≈“à ß

Y µ—¥‡ª≈◊Õ°∑Ë’‡©◊Õπ§â“߉«â„Àâ‡À≈◊Õ —ÈπÊ π”

Z °‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå (scion) ¢π“¥æÕ¥’°—∫√Õ¬ª“¥

¡“·°–‡πÈ◊Õ‰¡âÕÕ°„ÀâÀ¡¥·≈â«∑“∫°—∫ formulation √Ÿª·∫∫, °“√«“߰Ƈ°≥±,å °“√

√Õ¬ª“¥∫πµπâ µÕ] °”Àπ¥ µŸ √, °“√§¥‘  √â“ß Ÿµ√µ“à ßÊ (‡™àπ

fork-lift Õÿª°√≥å∑Ë’„™â„π°“√≈”‡≈’¬ß«— ¥ÿ  µŸ √ªÿ¬Ü  µŸ √Õ“À“√ —µ«å ·≈–¬“)

¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ·¢π¬Ë◊πÕÕ°¡“ 2 ·¢π„π formwork ‰¡·â ∫∫* (S. falsework, shutter-

·π«√“∫ µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà¥â“πÀπâ“√∂ „™â Õ¥·¢π ing)

‡¢â“‰ª„π·ºàπ√Õß°Õß (pallet) ¬°¢È÷π fossil ´“°æ™◊ À√◊Õ —µ«∑å Ë’°≈“¬‡ªìπÀπ‘

·≈«â ≈”‡≈¬’ ߉ª f.o.t. (free-on-truck)  àߢÈ÷π√∂∫√√∑ÿ°*

fork-lift truck √∂¬°·∫∫ßà“¡* (S. f.o.l.)

fork truck √∂¬°·∫∫ßà“¡*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

125

foul-foot À≠“â ª“°§«“¬ [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ frame, fixed ‚§√ß∑ËÕ’ ¬°Ÿà ∫— ∑’Ë A
B
Eleusine indica, (L.) Gaertn.] frame, horseshoe-shaped ‚§√ß√Ÿª‡°Õ◊ °¡“â C
D
foundation seed ¥Ÿ seed foundation framed trestle ‚§√ß∞“π‰¡‡â À≈’¬Ë ¡* E
F
four paws ‚´à Ë¢’ Õ* frame saw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬°√Õ∫* G
H
four-piece butt matching °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“ framing timber ‰¡‚â §√ß* (S. carcassing I
J
·∫∫µàÕ Ë*’ timber) K
L
four-point load(ing) πÈ”Àπ°—  Ë®’ ÿ¥* frangipanni ≈π—Ë ∑¡ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Plumeria M
N
foveolate ‡ªìπ®¥ÿ Ê acuminata, Ait.) O
P
f.o.w. (first open water) ∑–‡≈‡√‘Ë¡À¡¥ frankfurter ‰ °â √Õ°™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ ¡°’ ”‡π‘¥∑’ˇ¡Õ◊ ß Q
R
π”È ·¢ßÁ ·ø√ߧ‡å ø√î 嵄πª√–‡∑»‡¬Õ√¡—π S
T
f.o.w. (free-on-wharf)  àß∂ß÷ ∑à“* frass ¡≈Ÿ ·¡≈ß, ¢¡’È Õ¥* U
V
fowl ‡ªì¥ ‰°à ( —µ«å‡≈’Ȭ߮”æ«°‡ª¥ì ‰°à Àà“π free ‰¡‡à ™ÕË◊ ¡µ¥‘ Õ¬°Ÿà ∫—  à«πÕ◊ËπÊ W
X
π°æ‘√“∫) free burning °“√‰À¡‚â ¥¬‰¡¡à °’ “√§«∫§¡ÿ Y
Z
fowl, red jungle ‰°ªà “É ( —µ«å„π °≈ÿ Gallus free-central ¥Ÿ placentation

gallus) free moisture §«“¡™◊πÈ πÕ°ºπß— ‡´≈≈*å

foxy ‡√Ë‘¡º*ÿ free-pollination °“√º ¡‡° √Õ¬“à ßÕ ‘ √– ‰¡¡à ’

fractional ª≈°’ ¬Õà ¬, ‡≈°Á πÕâ ¬, ·¬°‡ªπì  «à πÊ °“√§«∫§ÿ¡

fractionation °“√·¬°‡ªìπ à«πÊ free water πȔՠ‘ √–

fracture ‡¥“–, À°— , √Õ¬‡¥“–*, √Õ¬À°— *, √Õ¬ freewheel ≈âÕ∑’ÀË ¡πÿ Õ¬°àŸ ∫— ∑’,Ë ≈âÕ∑ËÀ’ ¡πÿ Õ‘ √–

√“â «* french º—°ª√“∫ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈

fracture, brittle ‡ª√“–, √Õ¬À°— ‰¡‡à ªπì ‡ ¬È’ π* Commelina diffusa, Burn. F.)

fracture, brittlish §àÕπ¢â“߇ª√“–, √Õ¬À—° frenching ‚√§„∫·°«â (Õ“°“√¢“¥∏“µÿ ß— °– ’

°ßË‘ ‡ªπì ‡ ’Ȭπ* „πæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈ â¡ ∑”„Àâ„∫ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§≈Õ-

fracture, cross √Õ¬À°— ¢«“߇ ¬È’ π* (S. cross ‚√øî≈≈凪ìπ®ÿ¥Ê ‡©æ“–·Ààß „∫¡’¢π“¥

break) ‡√’¬«‡≈°Á °‘Ëß®–·Àßâ µ“¬)

fracture, splintering ‡À𒬫, √Õ¬À—°‡ªìπ french marigold ¥“«‡√◊ÕßπâÕ¬, ¬Ë’ ÿàπ (‰¡â

‡ ¬È’ π* ¥Õ°„π °≈ÿ Tagetes patula, L.)

fragipan ™Èπ— ¥“π‡ª√“– frequency 1. §«“¡∂Ë’ ( .) 2. §«“¡™°ÿ (π«.)

fragment 1. ™π‘È ,  à«π 2. ‡»…À‘π°√«¥ (ª∞.) frequency, abundant ™ÿ°¡“°

fragmental °âÕπ¥‘π∑’Ë·µ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ√Ÿª frequency, frequent ™ÿ°ª“π°≈“ß

¢â“«À≈“¡µ—¥ frequency, local ™ÿ°‡©æ“–·Àßà

frame ‚§√ß, °√Õ∫ frequency, occasional ™°ÿ πÕâ ¬

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 126

A frequency, rare ™°ÿ πÕâ ¬¬ß‘Ë frond „∫‡ø√î πå
front 1. Àπ“â , ¥â“πÀπâ“* 2. ¥“â π∫“°Àπ“â * 3.
B frequency, very abundant ™°ÿ ¡“°∑ ’Ë ÿ¥
Àπ“â øπí ‡≈◊ËÕ¬*, Àπ“â „∫¡’¥*
C frequency distribution °“√·®°·®ß§«“¡∂*’Ë frost, advective πÈ”§â“ß·¢ßÁ ‡°¥‘ ‚¥¬≈¡
D frost, glazed π”È §â“ß·¢Á߇§≈◊Õ∫
E frequency distribution, continuous °“√ frost, ground π”È §â“ß·¢ßÁ æÈ◊π¥π‘
frost, radiation π”È §â“ß·¢Á߇æÕË◊ √ß—  ’
F ·®°·®ß§«“¡∂’˵Õà ‡π◊ÕË ß frost crack √Õ¬·µ°* (‡æ√“–‡¬Á𮥗 )
G frequency distribution, normal °“√ frost free season ƒ¥ªŸ ≈Õ¥πÈ”§“â ß·¢Áß
frost heart ·°πà ‡∑’¬¡* (‡æ√“–‡¬πÁ ®—¥)
H ·®°·®ß§«“¡∂ªË’ √°µ*‘ frost heaving °“√¥πÿ ‚¥¬π”È §“â ß·¢ßÁ
frost level √–¥∫— πÈ”§“â ß·¢Áß
I freshen ‡ªî¥√Õà ß, ¢Ÿ¥Àπ“â ‡®“–¬“ß* (S. chip) frost locality ∂π‘Ë πÈ”§“â ß·¢ßÁ
frost rib √Õ¬·º≈‡ªìπ* (‡æ√“–‡¬Áπ®—¥)
J fresh water swamp forest ªÉ“æ√,ÿ ªÉ“∫÷ß frost ring «ß·º≈‡ªπì * (‡æ√“–‡¬Á𮥗 )
frot flotation °√–∫«π°“√·¬° Ë‘߇®◊Õªπ
K friability §«“¡√«à π (∏.)
L ÕÕ°®“°·√à„π°“√º≈‘µªÿܬ
M friable √«à π´¬ÿ , ‰¡à‡Àπ¬’ « ÕÕà π¬¬ÿà ßà“¬ frow ¢«“πº“à , ≈Ë¡‘
fruit º≈‰¡â, √—߉¢∑à ·Ë’ °à·≈«â (Õ“®‰¥â√∫— °“√º ¡
N frigid (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ™—πÈ Õ≥ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘¥π‘ ´Ë÷ß¡’§à“‡©≈¬’Ë
O µ≈Õ¥ªµï Ë”°«“à 8 CÌ «¥— ∑√’Ë –¥∫— §«“¡≈°÷ 50 æπ— ∏ÿåÀ√◊Õ‰¡à°Á‰¥â) (æƒ.)
fruit (ing) body ¥Õ°‡À¥Á * (S. sporophore)
P ´¡.®“°º‘«¥‘πÀ√◊Õ‡Àπ◊Õ™—ÈπÀ‘π (°√≥’∑’Ë¡’ fruit gardener ™“« «πº≈‰¡â
fruit grower ¥Ÿ fruit gardener
Q ™π—È Àπ‘ Õ¬Ÿàµ◊Èπ°«“à 50 ´¡.)

R frill  —∫°“π* (S. hack)

S frill girdle  ∫— °“π* (¥Ÿ frill)
T
U frilling ·∫∫ —∫°“π*

V fringed hibiscus æàŸ√–Àß, æŸà‡√◊ÕÀß å (‰¡â
W ª√–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Hibiscus schizopetalus,

X Hook. f.)

Y frit ‡°≈Á¥·°â« (ªÿܬ®ÿ≈∏“µÿÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–

Z ‡ªìπ‡°≈Á¥·°â« º≈‘µ‚¥¬°“√À≈Õ¡·√à

®”æ«°´‘≈‘‡°µ°—∫®ÿ≈∏“µÿÕ“À“√∫“ß™π‘¥ fruiticose ¡≈’ °— …≥–§≈“â ¬‰¡æâ ¡ÿà ∑‡’Ë ªπì ‰¡‡â πÕÈ◊ ·¢ßÁ

®π°≈“¬‡ªìπ·°â« ∑ȑ߉«â„À⇬Áπ·≈â«π”¡“ fruiting °“√ÕÕ°º≈

∫¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥) fruit setting °“√µ¥‘ º≈

froe ¢«“πºà“*, ≈‘¡Ë * fruit-thinning °“√ª≈‘¥º≈

frog ∞“π‰∂ ( à«π∑Ë’„™â¬÷¥ª√–°Õ∫„∫¡’¥ ªï° fruit tree ‰¡ºâ ≈

·≈–‡À≈°Á ¥—π¢“â ߢÕ߉∂À«— À¡Ÿ) fruit wall ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ [·∫ßà ÕÕ°‡ªπì 3 ™È—π §◊Õ

frog hopper ¡«π¢â“«µÕ° ‡ª≈Õ◊ °º≈™π—È πÕ° (exocarp À√Õ◊ epicarp)

frog mouth 𰪓°°∫ (π°„π °≈ÿ Batracho- ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™—Èπ°≈“ß (mesocarp) ·≈–

stomus) ‡ª≈Õ◊ °º≈™Èπ— „π endocarp)]

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

127

fryer ‰°à°√–∑ß, ‰°∑à ’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 3-4 ‡¥Õ◊ π funeral palm ª√ß·¥ß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ A
B
f.s.p. (fiber-saturation point) ®ÿ¥À¡“¥* Ceriops tagal, C.B. Robins.) C
D
fucoxanthin ‡¡Á¥ ’π”È µ“≈ æ∫„π “À√à“¬ fungicide  “√°”®¥— ‡™ÈÕ◊ √“ E
F
 ’π”È µ“≈ fungistat  “√ªÑÕß°—π‡ÀÁ¥√“*,  “√√–ß—∫‡™È◊Õ G
H
fuel, flash (fire) ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈ß‘ ‡∫“ ‡À¥Á √“ I
J
fuel, heavy ‡™◊ÕÈ ‡æ≈‘ßÀπ°— fungus æ™◊ ™πÈ— µ”Ë ∑°Ë’ Õà „À‡â °¥‘ ‚√§·°æà ™◊ Õπ◊Ë Ê Õ¬Ÿà K
L
fuel, hog ™‘Èπ‰¡‡â ™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ≈‘ß, ‡™È◊Õ‡æ≈‘߉¡ â ∫— * „π phylum Thallophyte ‰¡¡à §’ ≈Õ‚√ø≈î ≈å M
N
fuel-moisture indicator sticks ‰¡â«—¥ ¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå‚¥¬„™â ªÕ√å  “¡“√∂Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà O
P
§«“¡™È◊π‡™ÈÕ◊ ‡æ≈ß‘ °—∫ Ëß‘ ∑¡Ë’ ’™«’ ‘µ‰¥â Q
R
fuel tray ∂“¥‡™◊ÕÈ ‡æ≈ß‘ fungus, honey ‡™È◊Õ√“∑’Ë∑”„À₧πºÿ‡πà“, S
T
fuel type ™π¥‘ ‡™Õ◊È ‡æ≈‘ß ‡À¥Á √“√—ߺßÈ÷ * U
V
fugacious √«à ßÀ≈àπÀ√◊Õ‡Àˬ’ «‡√Á« funiculus °â“π¢Õ߉¢à W
X
full-bloom °“√∫“π¢Õߥհ„πµâπ ª√–¡“≥ funnel form (flora) √Ÿª·µ√, √Ÿª°√«¬,* Y
Z
70-75 ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µ¢å Õß®”π«π¥Õ°∑ßÈ— À¡¥ (¥Õ°)·∫∫ regular ¡’°≈’∫¥Õ°µ‘¥°—π

full-cell process °“√Õ¥— π”È ¬“‰¡·â ∫∫‡µ¡Á ‡´≈≈,å ‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥  à«π∫π®–§àÕ¬Ê ‚µ¢È÷π®π∂÷ß

°√√¡«‘∏‡’ ´≈≈凵¡Á ª≈“¬∫π ÿ¥®–·ºàÕÕ°¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬

full cut ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‡ºÕ◊Ë , ¢π“¥‡ºË◊Õ* °√«¬ ‡™àπ ¥Õ°º°— ∫ÿßâ ‡ªπì µπâ

full measure ‡≈◊ËÕ¬‡ºÕË◊ , ¢π“¥‡ºÕË◊ * fureate ‡ªìπßà“¡

full scale °“√«—¥´ßÿ √«¡µ”Àπ‘* furfural residue Õ‘π∑√’¬ “√∑’Ë¶à“‡™È◊Õ·≈â«

full size ¢π“¥‡ºÕË◊ *  ”À√—∫∫”√ÿߥπ‘

full-tree logging °“√∑”‰¡∑â È—ßµπâ * (S. whole furnace kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡µ“‡º“*

tree logging) furniture beetle ¡Õ¥‡§√Ë◊Õ߇√◊Õπ*

fume damage §«“¡‡ ¬’ À“¬®“°§«π— furrow √Õà ß, √Õ¬‰∂, √Õà ß√–À«à“ß§π— ¥‘𬓫,

fumigant  “√‡§¡’∑Ë’„™√â ¡ (‡æÕ◊Ë ∑”≈“¬‡™È◊Õ‚√§ ∑Ë’¥‘π∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‰∂µ—¥ÕÕ°‡ªìπ√È‘«Ê, °“√„Àâπ”È

»—µ√Ÿæ◊™ À√◊Õ Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘µÕ◊ËπÊ), °“´´Ë÷ß´÷¡ ∑“ߺ«‘ ¥π‘ ‚¥¬®“à ¬π”È ‰ªµ“¡√Õà ߧŸ

‡¢â“ àŸ√–∫∫À“¬„®¢Õß·¡≈ß À√◊ÕÕ“®‡¢“â  Ÿà furrow, to ‰∂

∑“ߺ‘«Àπß— „π∫“ß°√≥’) furrow crown º‘«∫π¢Õߢ’ȉ∂∑’Ëæ≈‘°¢È÷π‰ª

fumigate √¡¬“ (¥â«¬°“´À√◊Õ “√‡§¡’∑’ˇªìπ ¥â«¬‰∂À—«À¡Ÿ

§«π— ) furrow drain √–∫“¬πÈ”∫πº‘«¥‘πÕÕ°®“°

fundamental tissue °≈¡àÿ ‡´≈≈æå π◊È (S. ground ·ª≈߇擖ª≈Ÿ°‚¥¬°“√∑”√àÕß√–∫“¬

tissue) furrow drill ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßª≈°Ÿ ∑µ’Ë ¥‘ °∫— ‡§√ÕË◊ ߇ª¥î √Õà ß

furrowed ‡ªπì √Õà ߧ≈⓬√“ßπ”È

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 128

A furrower ‡§√◊ËÕ߬°√àÕß furrow wall ¥â“π¢“â ߢÕß√àÕß∑Ë’‰∂µ¥— æ≈‘°¥‘π

B furrowing °“√∑”√Õà ß ¢π÷È ‰ª·≈â«

C furrow irrigation °“√„Àπâ ”È ‚¥¬ª≈àÕ¬„Àπâ ”È fuseboard ·ºßµ—¥‰ø
D
E ‰À≈‰ªµ“¡√àÕßπÈ” fusiform √Ÿª°√– «¬, ¡√’ ªŸ ‡ªπì ·∑ßà µ√ß°≈“ß

F furrow opener ‡§√◊ËÕ߇ª¥î √àÕß (≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ °«“â ß ª≈“¬ Õߢâ“ß¡≈’ °— …≥–‡√’¬«

G ®“πÀ√◊Õ‡ ’¬¡µ‘¥Õ¬àŸÀπⓇ§√◊ËÕßÀ¬Õ¥ fusiform body ‡∑Àå√ªŸ °√– «¬*

H ‡¡≈Á¥) fusiform initial ·¡à‡´≈≈√å ªŸ °√– «¬*

I furrow slice ¢È’‰∂ (¥‘π∑Ë’∂Ÿ°‰∂µ—¥¢÷Èπ¡“·≈â« fusiform ray √»— ¡√’ Ÿª°√– «¬*

J æ≈‘°°Õ߉«â¥“â π„¥¥“â πÀπß÷Ë ¢Õß√àÕß) fuzzy grain ‡ ¬’È π¢¬ÿ * (S. woolly grain)

K furrow sole °âπ√Õà ß F0-value §à“‡Õø»Ÿπ¬å (Àπ૬«—¥∑’Ë„™â‡ª√’¬∫
L ‡∑’¬∫º≈°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å√–À«à“ß«‘∏’
M furrow wheel ≈Õâ §—¥∑“â ¬ (¢Õ߉∂´Ë÷ß°≈ßÈ‘ Õ¬Ÿà µà“ßÊ ¡’§à“‡ªìππ“∑’ ∑Õ’Ë ÿ≥À¿¡Ÿ ‘ 121.1 CÌ )

N „π√Õà ß∑’ˉ∂æ≈°‘ ¥π‘ ¢πÈ÷ ¡“) (S. land wheel,
O tail wheel)

P

Q G
R

S g.a.b. (girth above buttress) ¢π“¥«—¥ gall, crown ª¡√“°
T gall, nut ª¡°ßË‘ *, ª¡‡°¥‘ ®“°·¡≈ß (¡·’ ∑πππ‘ )
U √Õ∫‡ÀπÕ◊ ææŸ Õπ* gall, rind ª¡‡ª≈◊Õ°*, ª¡‡°¥‘ ®“°∫“¥·º≈
gall bladder ∂ßÿ π”È ¥’
V gaff ‡À≈Á°·À≈¡ª≈“¬¡’¢Õ*
W gaillardia ‡¥◊Õ𩓬 (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

X Gaillardia pulchra, Foug. var. picta, gallery √Ÿ·¡≈ß

Y A. Gray) gallery forest ª“É √¡‘ πÈ”, ª“É √–π“¡

Z gain 1. √Õ¬‡®“–*, √Õ¬∫“°* («π.) (S. notch) galphimia æ«ß∑Õßµâπ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

2. Õµ— √“°“√¢¬“¬ (ø.î ) Thryallis glauca, O. Ktze.)

galanga ¢à“ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Alpinia galanga, galvanized wire trap, hood shaped ≈Õ∫

Swartz.) ª√–∑ÿπ (‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ®—∫ —µ«åπ”È ∑’Ë„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥

galea °≈’∫√ÕßÀ√◊Õ°≈’∫¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª§≈⓬Ω“ „πª√–‡¿∑≈Õ∫≈«¥¥â«¬°—π)

§√Õ∫ gamari ´Õß·¡«, °”¡“à (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Gmelina

gall ª¡ (∫π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬Ë◊Õæ◊™), ·º≈æÕß (∫π arborea, Roxb.)

º‘«Àπ—ß —µ«å), °“√‡®√‘≠∑Ë’º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß gamboge tree √ß∑Õß (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Garcinia

æ◊™‡πË◊Õß®“°¡’·¡≈ß ‰ â‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬ À√◊Õ hanbureji, Hook. f.)

‡™ÕÈ◊ √“‡¢“â ‰ªÕ“»¬— Õ¬¿àŸ “¬„π «à πππÈ— ¢Õßæ™◊

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

129

gametangium  à«π¢Õßæ◊™´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢Õß gap-filling adhesive °“«Õ¥ÿ ™Õà ß«“à ß* A
B
‡™◊ÕÈ ‡æ» gap-filling glue °“«Õ¥ÿ ™àÕß«“à ß* C
D
gamete ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ», ‡´≈≈å ∫◊ æπ— ∏åÿ gap joint √Õ¬µÕà ‰¡ à π‘∑* E
F
gametic embryo §—æ¿–∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√º ¡ garbage tankage ªÿ¬Ü ®“°¢¬–, ªÿܬՑπ∑√¬’ å∑Ë’ G
H
¢Õ߇™È◊Շ滺°âŸ —∫‡™È◊Շ滇¡¬’ ‰¥â®“°°“√𔇻…«— ¥ÿÀ√◊Õ‡»…Õ“À“√®“° I
J
gametocyte ‡´≈≈·å ¡à¢Õ߇´≈≈å ∫◊ æ—π∏ÿå ∫“â π‡√◊Õπ¡“µ“°·Àâß·≈«â ∫¥®π≈–‡Õ’¬¥ K
L
gametogenesis ¢∫«π°“√ √â“߇™È◊Õ‡æ», °“√ garden chrysanthemum ‡∫≠®¡“» (‰¡¥â Õ° M
N
 √â“߉¢à (‡™È◊Õµ—«‡¡’¬) À√◊Õ≈–ÕÕ߇° √ „π °ÿ≈ Chrysanthemum hortorum, O
P
(‡™ÕÈ◊ µ«— ºâŸ) À≈ß— ®“° È‘π ¥ÿ meiosis ·≈«â Hort.) Q
R
gametophyte √–¬–°“√ √“â ߇´≈≈ å ◊∫æπ— ∏åÿ gardener §π «π (≈°Ÿ ®â“ß) S
T
gamopetalous ¡°’ ≈∫’ ¥Õ°µ¥‘ ‡ªπì ‡πÕÈ◊ ‡¥¬’ «°π— gardenia æ¥ÿ „À≠à, æ¥ÿ ´âÕπ, æÿ¥®’π (‰¡â¥Õ° U
V
(Õ“®µ¥‘ °—π‡æ¬’ ß∫“ß à«π°Á‰¥â) „π °≈ÿ Gardenia collinsae, Craib ·≈– W
X
gamophyllous ¡’„∫À√Õ◊  «à π¢Õß„∫‡™ËÕ◊ ¡·µ– Gardenia augusta, Merr.) Y
Z
°π— gardening, organic °“√∑” «πÕ‘π∑√’¬å

gamosepalous °≈’∫√Õßµ‘¥°—π∑È—ßÀ¡¥À√◊Õ garden pea ∂—Ë«≈—π‡µ“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Pisum

‡æ’¬ß∫“ß «à π sativum, L.)

gangan ∫πÿ 𓧠(æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Mesua ferrea, garden spurge π”È π¡√“™ ’Àå («—™æ◊™‡¢µ

L.) √Õâ π„π °≈ÿ Euphorbia hirta, L.)

gang mill ‚√߇≈ÕË◊ ¬µ∫— * garlic °√–‡∑¬’ ¡ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Allium sativum,

gangrene ‡π◊ÈÕ√“â ¬, ‡π◊ÈÕµ“¬‡π“à L.)

gangrenous  à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑Ë’¡’º≈°√–∑∫ garlic vine °√–‡∑’¬¡‡∂“ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

®“°‡πÕÈ◊ √⓬ Cydista callistegioides)

gang saw ‡≈◊ËÕ¬µ—∫* gastroenteritis ‚√§°√–‡æ“–·≈–≈”‰ Õâ °— ‡ ∫

gap ™àÕß«“à ß*, °“√µàÕ‰¡ à π∑‘ («π.) gate saw ‡≈◊ÕË ¬°√Õ∫*

gap, lap(ped) °“√µÕà ‡°¬ gauge §«“¡Àπ“„∫‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬* («π.)

gap, open √Õ¬µÕà Õâ“, √Õ¬µàÕ¢“â ߉¡ à π∑‘ gauge, bark ‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥‡ª≈◊Õ°*

gap, scarf °“√µÕà ‡©¬’ ß, °“√µÕà ª“°©≈“¡ gauge, length ™à«ß§«“¡¬“«‡ ¬’ √Ÿª*

gap, sorting Õ§Ÿà ¥— ´ßÿ * gaur °√–∑ß‘ , ‡¡¬ ( µ— «å„π °≈ÿ Bos gaurus)

gap, starved √Õ¬µÕà ‰¡à π∑‘ g.b.h. (girth breast height) ¢π“¥«¥— √Õ∫

gap, sunken √Õ¬µÕà ∫ÿã¡ ‡æ’¬ßÕ°*

gap, tongue(d) and groove(d) °“√‡¢“â √“ß gee-whiz ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß®—°√∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫æ√«π¥π‘ (§π

≈‘Èπ, °“√‡¢“â ≈‘Èπ√àÕß ¢—∫µâÕ߇¥‘πµ“¡ ∑Ë’æ√«π≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ´Ë’Ê

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 130

A  à«π°«â“ߢÕß∑’Ëæ√«π‡≈Ë◊Õπ‡¢â“ÕÕ°‰¥â ∑”ß“π√«à ¡°π— √–À«à“ß¬π’ µà“ßÊ
gene mutation °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß‚§√ß √â“ß
B πÕ°®“°„™â„π°“√æ√«π¥‘π·≈â« Õ“®„™â
¢Õ߬’π∑”„À‡â °‘¥¬π’ µ«— „À¡¢à ÷Èπ
C  ”À√—∫°“√‡µ√¬’ ¡¥‘πª≈°Ÿ æ◊™Õ°’ °Á‰¥)â genealogy æß»“«≈«’ ∑‘ ¬“
D general survey °“√ ”√«®¥‘π·∫∫À¬“∫¡“°
E geitonogamy °“√º ¡‡° √√–À«“à ߥհ‰¡â„π generate °àÕ°”‡π¥‘
generation ™Ë«— √πàÿ , ™Ë—«Õ“¬ÿÀπËß÷ Ê ¢Õß ßË‘ ¡™’ «’ ‘µ
F æ◊™µπâ ‡¥’¬«°π— generative nucleus 𑫇§≈’¬ „πÀ≈Õ¥‡√≥Ÿ
G gel (∑—∫»—æ∑å),  “√≈–≈“¬≈—°…≥–°Ë÷ß·¢Áß°Ë÷ß
(pollen tube) ∑Ë’∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√º ¡æπ— ∏åÿ
H ‡À≈«§≈“â ¬«πâÿ generic name ™ËÕ◊  °ÿ≈
genes, duplicate ¬’πµÈ—ß·µà ÕߧàŸÀ√◊Õ Õß
I gelatin (∑—∫»—æ∑å),  “√∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µâ¡°√–¥Ÿ°
µ”·Àπàߢ÷Èπ‰ª∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡´Ë÷ß„Àâ≈—°…≥–
J ·≈–Àπ—ß —µ«å ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬«ÿâπ ≈–≈“¬ ∑Ë’· ¥ßÕÕ°‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà‡¥Ë’¬«Ê
À√◊ÕÕ¬àŸ√à«¡°—π
K „ππ”È ‰¥â genes, modifying °≈ÿà¡¢Õ߬’π∑Ë’∑”„À⬒π
L À≈°— · ¥ßÕÕ°‰¥¡â “°¢È÷πÀ√Õ◊ πâÕ¬≈ß
M gellation °“√‡°‘¥ ¿“懮≈ genes, multiple ¥Ÿ multiple factors
genesis, soil ¢∫«π°“√°”‡π‘¥¢Õߥ‘π [‚¥¬
N gelling °“√‡°¥‘  ¿“懮≈ ‡©æ“–°“√∑”„À‡â °¥‘ ‡πÕÈ◊ ¥π‘ (solumn) ®“°
O gelling agent  “√°Õà  ¿“懮≈ «µ— ∂‡ÿ ¥¡‘ ¢Õߥ‘π]
genetic assimilation ¥Ÿ assimilation, genetic
P geminate ‡ªπì §ÊŸà genetic drift °“√°≈“¬æ—π∏åÿÕ—π‡πË◊Õß¡“®“°
°“√‡°∫Á µ«— Õ¬“à ßæ™◊ ‰«‡â ªπì ®”π«ππÕâ ¬∑”„Àâ
Q gemma  «à π¢Õß thallus ∑Ë’¬πË◊ ÕÕ°‰ª

R gene ¬’π (∑—∫»—æ∑å), Àπ૬¬àÕ¬∑Ë’ ÿ¥∫π

S ‚§√‚¡‚´¡´÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡°“√· ¥ß
T
U ≈—°…≥–„¥≈—°…≥–ÀπË÷ß ¬’π·µà≈–µ—«‰¡à

V ®”‡ªπì ®–µÕâ ß¡’¢π“¥‡∑“à °—π
W gene, major ¬’πÀ≈—° (¬’π∑’Ë· ¥ß≈—°…≥–

X ÕÕ°‰¥Õâ ¬à“߇¥πà ™—¥)

Y gene, pool ·À≈àß – ¡¬π’ („π∑“ßæπ— ∏°ÿ √√¡

Z Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ߪ√–™“°√¢Õßæ◊™º ¡¢â“¡´÷Ëß

ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ◊™∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ Õ— µ √ “  à « π ¢ Õ ß ¬’ π · µà ≈ – µ— « ¿ “ ¬ „ π

°√√¡µà“ß°—π¡“°¡“¬ ·µà„π·ßà¢Õß°“√ ª√–™“°√‡ª≈Ë’¬π‰ª

ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿÕ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß·À≈àß„¥Ê °Á‰¥â genetic engineering æ—π∏«ÿ »‘ «°√√¡

´ßË÷ ‡ªπì ∑√’Ë «∫√«¡¬π’ ¢Õßæ™◊ ·µà≈–™π‘¥‰«â) genetic gain §«“¡°â“«Àπâ“¢Õß°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°

gene action, additive ªØ°‘ ‘√‘¬“º≈∫«°¢Õß ‡¡Ë◊Õπ”‡¡≈Á¥∑Ë’§—¥‰¥â‰ªª≈Ÿ° ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫

¬π’ [‡¡Õ◊Ë ¬π’ ∑µ’Ë “à ß°π— ¡“®∫— §°àŸ π— ®–· ¥ßÕÕ° ª√–™“°√‡¥¡‘ °∫— ª√–™“°√∑Ë’‰¥â

‰¥â‡∑à“°—∫§à“‡©≈Ë’¬¢Õ߇¡Ë◊Õ¬’ππÈ—πÊ ®—∫§Ÿà genetic homostasis ¥Ÿ buffering, popula-

°—π‡Õß ‡™πà Aa = (AA + aa)/2] tional

gene interaction ªØ°‘ √‘ ¬‘ “√–À«“à ß¬π’ ‡ªπì °“√ genetics æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å ( “¢“ÀπË÷ߢÕß™«’ «‘∑¬“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

131

´Ë÷߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°√√¡æ—π∏ÿå·≈–§«“¡ geophyte æ◊™∑¡Ë’ µ’ “Õ¬Ÿà„µâ¥π‘ A
B
ºπ— ·ª√√–À«“à ß Ë‘ß¡’™«’ ‘µ°≈àÿ¡„¥°≈ÿ¡à ÀπË÷ß) geosyncline ∏√≥·’ Õπà µ«— * C
D
genetic shift °“√°≈“¬æ—π∏åÿÕ—π‡πË◊Õß¡“®“° geosynclinine ·Õßà ∏√≥’ E
F
 ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“ à«π¢Õ߬’π geothermal energy æ≈—ßß“πÕÿ≥À∏√≥’, G
H
·µà≈–µ—«„πª√–™“°√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª (‡ªìπ°“√ æ≈ß— ß“π§«“¡√Õâ π„µâæ‘¿æ I
J
§¥— ‡≈◊Õ°‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ)‘ geotropic À—°À√◊Õ‚§âß≈߇∫È◊Õߵ˔‡π◊ËÕß®“° K
L
genetic variation §«“¡ºπ— ·ª√∑“ßæπ— ∏»ÿ “ µ√å ·√ߥß÷ ¥¥Ÿ ¢Õß‚≈° M
N
geniculate ßÕ‚§âß, À—°æ—∫ À√◊Õ¡’≈—°…≥– geotropism °“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß à«π¢Õßæ◊™∑Ë’¡àÿß≈ß O
P
‡À¡◊Õπ¢“æ∫— µ√߇¢à“  ¥àŸ ‘π, °“√Àπ— ‡¢“â À“æÈπ◊ ¥‘π Q
R
genome ™ÿ¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ [‡ªìπ™ÿ¥¢Õß germ 1. ‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§ 2. µâπÕàÕπ,  à«π¢Õßµ—« S
T
‚§√‚¡‚´¡¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ (haploid ÕÕà π∑Ë®’ –‡°‘¥‡ªìπµ—«„À¡à U
V
set) ¢Õßæ™◊ diploid ‚¥¬°”‡π¥‘ ‰¡à„™æà «° germ cell ‡´≈≈‡å ™Õ◊È ‡æ», ‡´≈≈∑å Ë’∑”Àπ“â ∑’Ë„π W
X
amphidiploid æ◊™™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π®–¡’ °“√ ∫◊ æ—π∏åÿ Y
Z
‚§√‚¡‚´¡™ÿ¥‡¥’¬«°π— ] germicide  “√°”®—¥‡™È◊Õ,  “√¶“à ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å

genotype ≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ (‡ªìπ germinal disk ¥«ß‡™ÈÕ◊ („π‰¢à≈¡)

≈—°…≥–°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õ߬’π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∫π germinate ßÕ°, ‡æ“–

‚§√‚¡‚´¡ Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ߪ√–™“°√¢Õßæ◊™ germination §«“¡ßÕ°, °“√ßÕ°¢Õ߇¡≈¥Á æ™◊ ,

·µà≈–ª√–™“°√ À√◊Õ·µà≈–æ—π∏ÿå ∑’Ë¡’ °“√‡®√‘≠

≈°— …≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‡À¡◊Õπ°π— ) germination, field ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå§«“¡ßÕ°„π

genus  °≈ÿ , °≈¡àÿ ¢Õß ß‘Ë ¡™’ «’ µ‘ ¿“¬„π«ß»å À√Õ◊ ·ª≈ß

µ√–°Ÿ≈ (family) germination percent ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå§«“¡ßÕ°

geodynamics ∏√≥’æ≈»“ µ√å germinative capacity §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ßÕ°

geogenesis °“√°”‡π¥‘ ∑“ß∏√≥’ germinative energy æ≈ß— §«“¡ßÕ°

geographic variant ¿Ÿ¡‘æ—π∏ÿå germinative power §«“¡ “¡“√∂ßÕ°

geologic erosion °“√°¥— °√àÕπ‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ germ plasm ‡™Õ◊È  ∫◊ æπ— ∏åÿ(Õ“®À¡“¬∂ß÷ ¬π’ µ“à ßÊ

geologic time scale ¡“µ√∏√≥°’ “≈*, °“√≈”¥∫— ¢Õßæ◊™·µà≈–™π‘¥ À√◊ÕÕ“®À¡“¬∂÷ß

Õ“¬∑ÿ “ß∏√≥«’ ∑‘ ¬“ æ◊™æ—π∏ÿåµà“ßÊ „π·µà≈–™π‘¥∑’Ë√«∫√«¡‰«â

geology ∏√≥«’ ‘∑¬“* ‡æËÕ◊ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæπ— ∏)åÿ

geomorphic process °√–∫«π°“√∑“ß∏√≥’ gestation °“√µß—È ∑Õâ ß, °“√Õ¡âÿ ∑âÕß

 ≥— ∞“π ghee ‡π¬„ 

geomorphology ∏√≥’ ≥— ∞“π«∑‘ ¬“* giant elephant ear °√–¥“…¥“à ß (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫—

geophysics ∏√≥’øî ‘° å „π °≈ÿ Alocasia macrorhiza, Schott)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 132

A giant granadilla ·µß°–≈“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ gill-raskers ´Ë‡’ ÀßÕ◊ °
gills ‡ÀßÕ◊ °
B Passiflora quadrangularis, L.) gill-slits ´Õ°‡Àß◊Õ°
gilt  °ÿ √ “«
C giant maiden hair ‡øî√åπ‚æ∏‘Ï, ‡øî√åπ gin : gyn ªíôπ®π—Ë  “¡¢“* (S. hoist, loading
D
E ®ÕπÀŸ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ Adiantum tripod)
ginger ¢ß‘ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Zingiber officinale,
F trapeziforme, L.)
G giant milkweed √—° (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Rosc.)
ginger lily °√–擬‡Àπ‘ , À“ßÀß å («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ
H Calotropis gigantea, R. Br.)
√âÕπ„π °≈ÿ Hedychium coronarium,
I giant reed ÕâÕ, ÕâÕ„À≠à (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Arundo Koening.)
gin pole ªíπô ®πË— ¬◊π* (S. derrick, standing
J donax, L.) derrick)
ginseng ‚ ¡ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Aralia guinquefolia,
K giant squirrel æ≠“°√–√Õ° Dene & Planch var. ginseng)
L girdle, to °“π* (S. deaden, ring, ring-
M giant water lily ∫—««‘§µÕ‡√’¬ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ bark, ring girdle)
girdle, band §«πË— ≈Õ°‡ª≈Õ◊ °°«â“ß*
N Victoria regia, Lindl.) girdle, double-frill  ∫— °“π√Õ¬§Ÿà*
O gibbon ™–π’ girdle, frill  ∫— °“π*
girdle, notch ∫“°°“π* (S. notch)
P gibbous æÕß, ªÉÕß À√Õ◊ ∫«¡¥“â π‡¥¬’ « (ª√°µ‘ girdler, twig ·¡≈ߧ«—πË °ß‘Ë
girdling °“√∑√¡“≥æ◊™‚¥¬°“√µ—¥∑“߇¥‘π
Q ¡—°‡ªìπ «à π∞“π)

R giblets ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß„π —µ«ªå °ï

S gigantism  ¿“«–¬°— …å
T
U gilgai æπÈ◊ ∑’˵–ªÉ¡ÿ µ–ªò”

V gilgai relief æÈπ◊ ∑’˵–ª¡Éÿ µ–ª”ò , °“√‡ªìπµ–ª¡ÿÉ
W µ–ª”ò ¢ÕßæÈπ◊ ∑Ë’

X gill-arch ‚§â߇Àß◊Õ°

Y gill cover ∑ª’Ë î¥‡ÀßÕ◊ °

Z gill membrane ‡¬ËÕ◊ ‡ÀßÕ◊ °

gill net Õ«πµ‘¥ ¢ÕßÕ“À“√ (‡™àπ §«Ë—π‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ

gill net, big mesh Õ«π≈Õ¬µ“Àà“ß („™®â —∫ ·∂∫‡≈Á°Ê √Õ∫°Ëß‘ À√◊Õ≈”µâπ)

 µ— «åπÈ”¢π“¥„À≠à„π∑–‡≈≈÷°) girth ‡ πâ √Õ∫µ«— , √–¬–∑«Ë’ —¥√Õ∫µ«— (‡™πà ‡ âπ

gill net, medium mesh (drift) Õ«π≈Õ¬ √Õ∫Õ° À√Õ◊ §«“¡¬“«√Õ∫Õ°)

µ“∂Ë’, Õ«π¡ß‚°√¬ girth, breast height ¢π“¥«¥— √Õ∫‡æ¬’ ßÕ°*

gill net, shark Õ«π°—π „™âª√–°Õ∫°—∫ (√.æ.Õ.)

‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡Õ◊ ®”æ«°Õ«π≈Õ¬ ‡æÕË◊ ªÑÕß°π— ¿—¬ girth, exploitable ¢π“¥«¥— √Õ∫µ¥— øπí *, ¢π“¥

®“°ª≈“©≈“¡´Ë÷ß¡—°®–¡“∑”≈“¬Õ«π¢≥– «¥— √Õ∫„™âª√–‚¬™πå*

¥—°ª≈“„À¡â ’º≈‡ ¬’ À“¬πâÕ¬≈ß) girth, mean ¢π“¥«¥— √Õ∫‡©≈ˬ’

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

133

girth, mid ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫°Ë÷ß°≈“ß* wood) A
B
girth, mid-timber ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫°Ë÷ß°≈“ß* glaucescent ¡’·ªßÑ À√◊Õ¢π§≈“â ¬·ªßÑ ‡≈°Á πâÕ¬ C
D
(‰¡â∑”´ÿß) glaucous ª°§≈ÿ¡¥â«¬¢π§≈⓬·ªÑß À√◊Õ “√ E
F
girth, minimum ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫®”°¥— , ¢π“¥  ’¢“«≈—°…≥–§≈⓬¢’ȺÈ÷ß ‡™àπ ∑Ë’¡’Õ¬àŸµ“¡ G
H
«¥— √Õ∫¢—πÈ µ”Ë ≈”µâπ¢Õߢ⓫ø“É ß I
J
girth, quarter Àπß÷Ë „π ’¢Ë π“¥«¥— √Õ∫* glaze ‡§≈Õ◊ ∫,  “√‡§≈Õ◊ ∫ K
L
girth, top ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫ª≈“¬* (∑àÕπÀ√◊Õ glei soil ¥Ÿ gley soil M
N
≈”µπâ ) gleization «‘∏’°“√°”‡π‘¥¥‘π¿“¬„µâ ¿“æ O
P
girth class ™πÈ— ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫* §«“¡™◊Èπ Ÿß„π «à π≈“à ߢÕߥ‘π Q
R
girth limit ¢¥’ ®”°—¥¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫* gley horizon ™π—È ¥π‘ „π ¿“æ·™à¢ß— S
T
girth limit, economic ¢’¥®”°—¥¢π“¥«—¥ gleying  ¿“æ°“√¡π’ ”È ¢ß— ,  ¿“楑π·™à¢ß— U
V
√Õ∫‡™ß‘ ‡»√…∞°‘®* gley soil ¥π‘ „π ¿“æ·™à¢—ß W
X
girth quotient º≈À“√«¥— √Õ∫ globe amaranth ∫“π‰¡à√â‚Ÿ √¬ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Y
Z
gizzard °π÷Î , °√–‡æ“–À‘π, °√–‡æ“–¢Õß —µ«å- Gomphrena globosa, L.)

ª°ï globose √ªŸ ∑√ß°≈¡, √Ÿª§≈⓬‚≈°

glabrate ¥Ÿ glabrous globule À¬¥¢Õ߇À≈«, ¢Õß∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–∑√ß

glabrous ‡√’¬∫, ‡°≈’Ȭß, ‰¡à¡¢’ π °≈¡‡≈Á°Ê

glacial deposit  ‘ßË ∑∫— ∂¡‚¥¬∏“√π”È ·¢ßÁ glochid Àπ“¡¢π“¥‡≈°Á ¢Èπ÷ ‡ªìπæàŸ ‡™πà „πµâπ

glacial till  Ëß‘ ∑—∫∂¡∏“√π”È ·¢Áß °√–∫Õ߇æ™√

glaciation °“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¿“æ‚¥¬∏“√π”È ·¢ßÁ * glomerate ‡ªìπ°≈ÿ¡à ·πàπ

gladiolus ´àÕπ°≈Ë‘πΩ√Ë—ß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ gloxinia °”¡–À¬Ë’ (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Siningia

Gladiolus hybrid) speciosa, Benth & Hk. f.)

glancer À≈—°°π— ´ÿß* glue °“«* (S. adhesive)

gland µÕà ¡π”È ¡π— glue, albumen °“«‡≈◊Õ¥ (S. blood glue,

glandular ¡µ’ Õà ¡∑Ë’„À¢â Õ߇À≈«, ÀÕâ ¡≈âÕ¡‰ª blood adhesive)

¥«â ¬µÕà ¡À≈“¬µàÕ¡ glue, animal °“« µ— «*å

glandular-pubescent ¡’µàÕ¡πÈ”¡—π·≈–¢π glue, blood °“«‡≈◊Õ¥*

ª–ªπ°—π, ¢π∑’Ë¡’µàÕ¡πÈ”¡π— Õ¬Ÿµà √ߪ≈“¬ glue, bone °“«°√–¥°Ÿ *

glandular-punctate ¥Ÿ punctate glue, casein °“«π¡*

glasshouse ‡√◊Õπ°√–®° („™âª≈°Ÿ æ◊™) glue, close-contact °“«Õ¥—  π‘∑*

glassy (‰¡â)™à¡ÿ πÈ”* glue, cold-setting °“«Õ—¥‡¬Áπ*

glassy wood ‰¡Ωâ πó ·√ßÕ—¥* (¥Ÿ compression glue, dry-mix °“«º ¡·Àßâ *

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 134

A glue, film °“«ø≈î å¡* gluten ‚ª√µπ’ „π·ªßÑ  “≈∑’ ’Ë∑”„Àâ·ªÑßø¢Ÿ πÈ÷
glutinous ‡À𒬫§≈⓬°“«
B glue, fish °“«ª≈“* glutinous rice ¢“â «‡Àπ¬’ « (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Oryza

C glue, foamer °“«øÕß* sativa, L.)
D glycogen ·ªßÑ µ∫— (·ªßÑ ∑Ë’ µ— «å – ¡‰«â„πµ∫— )
E glue, foamy °“«‡ªπì øÕß* gnaur ª¡Éÿ ‰¡â
goat, rigging ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√°«â“π‰¡â (∑’Ë„™â‡ “
F glue, gap-filling °“«Õ¥— ™¥‘ *
G glue, hide °“«Àπß— * √–¬“ß)*
goat weed  “∫·√ßâ  “∫°“ («™— æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π
H glue, hot-setting °“«Õ¥— √âÕπ*
 °≈ÿ Ageratum conyzoides)
I glue, liquid °“«‡À≈«* goby pocket net Õ’©Ÿ¥, ∫à«ß (‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ

J glue, soya bean °“«∂Ë«— ‡À≈◊Õß* ¢π“¥‡≈Á°„™â¥—°ª≈“µÿ¡æ«¥À√◊Õª≈“µ’π
 ”À√—∫„™â‡ªìπ‡À¬Ë◊Õ„π°“√µ°ªŸ¡â“À√◊ÕªŸ
K glue, starch °“«·ªßÑ * ∑–‡≈)
L go-devil 1. ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßæ√«π¥π‘ ™π‘¥ÀπËß÷ ª√–°Õ∫
M glue, vegetable °“«æ™◊ * ¥â«¬‰∂®“π‡≈Á°Ê À≈“¬™ÿ¥ ·≈–¡’¥
 ”À√—∫¢ÿ¥¥‘π (∫“ß∑’°Á„™â‡√’¬°§√“¥·≈–
N glue, waterproof °“«°π— πÈ”* ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊ÕÕ◊Ëπ∫“ßÕ¬à“ߥ⫬‡À¡◊Õπ°—π) 2.
O glue, water resistant °“«∑ππÈ”* ‡≈Õ◊Ë π‰¡âß“à ¡* («π.) (¥Ÿ crotch)
goitre ‚√§§ÕÀÕ¬æÕ°
P glue, wet-mix °“«º ¡‡ª¬ï °* gopher 1.  µ— «å®”æ«°µàÿπ¢¥ÿ √ÕŸ ¬Ÿà„π¥‘π ™Õ∫
°¥— √“°æ™◊ ∑”§«“¡‡ ¬’ À“¬¡“°„π∫“ß·Àßà
Q glue failure °“√·µ°∑’·Ë π«°“«* (¥Ÿ failure) 2. ‰∂™π‘¥ÀπËß÷

R glue film øî≈¡å °“«*

S glue line ·π«°“«*
T
U glue-line heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¢π“π

V ·π«°“«* (¥Ÿ heating)
W glue shear-strength ·√߇©Õ◊ π°“«*, §«“¡

X ·¢ßÁ ·√ߢÕß°“«µàÕ·√߇™◊Õ¥

Y glue spread ª√‘¡“≥°“«∑Ë(’ „™â)∑“*

Z glue spreader ‡§√Ë◊Õß∑“°“«*

glue stain √Õ¬¥“à ß°“«* (¥Ÿ stain) gold mohur tree À“ßπ°¬ßŸ Ω√ß—Ë (¥Ÿ flame tree)

gluing °“√µ‘¥°“«*, «∏‘ °’ “√¬÷¥¥â«¬°“« golden bamboo ‰º‡à À≈◊Õß (‰¡âª√–¥∫— „π °ÿ≈

gluing, spot °“√µ‘¥°“«‡ªìπ·ÀàßÊ*, «‘∏’°“√ Bambusa vulgaris, Schrad.)

¬¥÷ ¥â«¬°“«‡ªìπ®¥ÿ golden button °√–¥ÿ¡∑Õß [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√Õâ π„π

gluing time ™à«ß‡«≈“(°“«)·¢Áßµ—«‡µÁ¡∑’Ë*  °ÿ≈ Malampodium divaricartum,

(S. curing time) (Rich) DC.]

glulam ‰¡ªâ √–°—∫(‚§√ß √“â ß)*, ‰¡âª√– “π golden dew drop ‡∑¬’ πÀ¬¥, À¬¥‡∑’¬π, ™àÕ

glumes °≈’∫‡≈È’¬ß∑’Ë√Õß√—∫ spikelet „π¥Õ° ¡«à ß (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Duranta repens,

æ™◊ µ√–°Ÿ≈À≠â“ ª√°µ‘¡’ 2 Õ—π L. ·≈– Duranta plumeri, Jacq.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

135

golden fern ‡øî√åπ∑Õß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ indica, Wight) A
B
Ceratopteris chrysophylla, Link.) gourd, snake ∫«∫ߟ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Trichosan- C
D
golden pothos æ≈ŸΩ√—Ëß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ thes anguina, L.) E
F
Scindapsus aureus, Engl.) gourd, sponge ∫«∫°≈¡ (¥Ÿ gourd, dish rag) G
H
golden rod 1. æ«ß∑Õß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ gout-plant À≥ÿ¡“ππË—ß·∑πà (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Jat- I
J
Tristellateia australasiae, A. Rich.) ropha podagrica, Hook.) K
L
2.  √Õâ ¬∑Õß (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Salidago governorûs plum µ–¢∫‰∑¬ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ M
N
polyglossa, DC.) Flacourtia jangomas, Roeusch.) O
P
golden shower §Ÿπ, √“™æƒ°…å, ™—¬æƒ°…å grab ¢Õæ«ß®∫— ´ßÿ * (S. grapples, grips), ¢Õ Q
R
(µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Cassia fistula, L.) ®∫— ´ÿß* (S. skidding hooks), §¡’ ®∫— ´ßÿ * S
T
golden tree ‡À≈◊ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ (S. logging scissors, logging tongs, U
V
Tabebuia spectabilis, Nichols.) skidding tongs) W
X
golden trumpet ∫“π∫ÿ√‡’ À≈◊Õß (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π grabs, head ¢Õ®—∫´ÿß∑Õà π·√°* Y
Z
 °ÿ≈ Allamanda cathartica, L.) grade 1. ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™ (°….)

goose grass À≠“â µπ’ °“, À≠⓪“°§Õ [«—™æ™◊ 2.≈°Ÿ ∑«‡’ ≈Õ◊ ¥(¡‡’ ≈Õ◊ ¥·∑°â ‡’Ë ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µ°å Á‰¥)â

‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ Eleusine indica, (L.) (æ∏.) 3. §«“¡≈“¥™—π*, √–¥—∫ (ª∞.)

Gaertn.] 4. ™π—È §≥ÿ ¿“æ*, ®”·π°™π—È §≥ÿ ¿“æ* («π.)

goose saw ‡≈◊ÕË ¬·¢«π (¥Ÿ saw) 5. ≈”¥∫— ¢πÈ—

goose weed º—°ªÉÿ¡ª≈“, º—°ªÕ¥π“, º°— æ√°‘ grader 1. ºâŸ®”·π°™—Èπ§ÿ≥¿“æ* 2. √∂ª√—∫

(«—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Sphenoclea º«‘ ∂ππ, √∂‡°≈’ˬ* (S. tractor grader)

zeylanica, Gaertn.) 3. „∫¡’¥¢π“¥„À≠à(„™â‡§≈Ë◊Õπ¬â“¬¥‘π

goral °«“ߺ“ ( µ— «å„π °≈ÿ Nemorhaedus À√◊Õª√—∫æÈ◊π∑’Ë„Àâ ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ) 4. Õÿª°√≥å

griseus) §¥— ·¬°«— ¥µÿ “¡¢π“¥À√Õ◊ §≥ÿ ¿“æ

gosling ≈Ÿ°À“à π∑ˬ’ —߉¡à·¬°‡æ» grader, fruit ‡§√◊ËÕߧ—¥º≈‰¡â

gossypol  “√æ…‘ „π°“°‡¡≈¥Á ΩÑ“¬ gradient §«“¡·µ°µà“ß (¡—°„™â°—∫§«“¡¥—π)

gourd ø°í (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Benincasa cerifera, µÕà Àπß÷Ë Àπ૬√–¬–∑“ß

Savi.) gradient of curve §«“¡™π— ¢Õ߇ âπ‚§âß

gourd, angled rag ∫«∫‡À≈¬Ë’ ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ grading, stress √–∫∫§«“¡‡§âπ («π.)

Luffa acutangula, Roxb.) (S. stress system)

gourd, dish rag ∫«∫ÀÕ¡ (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Luffa grading rules ‡°≥±å™—πÈ §ÿ≥¿“æ, ‡°≥±å·∫ßà

cylindrica, Roem.) ™π—È ‰¡*â

gourd, ivy µ”≈÷ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Coccinia gradoni ¢È—π∫π— ‰¥À√Õ◊ ‡∑Õ‡√ ·§∫Ê

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 136

A graft µàÕ°‘Ëß grain, even ‡πÕ◊È ‡√¬’ ∫, ‡πÕÈ◊ ‡ ¡Õ°π— * (S. even
texture)
B graft, natural µÕà °ßË‘ µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘
grain, fine ‡π◊ÕÈ ≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥*
C graft, hybrid µàÕ°Ëß‘ æπ— ∑“ß grain, flat 1. ‰¡‡â ≈◊ËÕ¬µ“¡·π«√“∫, ‰¡‡â ≈ËÕ◊ ¬
D
E graftage °“√µ¥‘ µ“µàÕ°Ë‘ß µ“¡¥â“π —¡º—  2. ∑Ë’‡≈◊ËÕ¬µ—¥√—»¡’*,
∑’ˇ≈◊ËÕ¬·∫∫À≈ß— À¡Ÿ* (¥Ÿ flat-sawed)
F graftage by approach ¥Ÿ inarching grain, fuzzy ‡ ’¬È π¢¬ÿ * (S. wolly grain)
G graft-chimera °“√ªπ‡ª∑“ß°√√¡æ—π∏ÿå∑’ˇ°‘¥ grain, interlocked ‡ È’¬π π*, ‡ ¬È’ π¢¥— *
grain, interlocking ¥Ÿ grain, interlocked
H ®“°°“√µàÕ°Ëß‘ grain, loosened ‡ ¬’È πª√*‘
grain, open ‡πÈÕ◊ À¬“∫*
I graft-compatibility °“√∑µË’ âπµÕ·≈–°ßË‘ æ—π∏ÿå grain, quarter ‰¡â‡≈Ë◊Õ¬·∫àß ’Ë, (‰¡â)∑Ë’‡≈Ë◊Õ¬
µ“¡√—»¡’* (¥Ÿ quarter sawn)
J (scion)  “¡“√∂‡™ÕË◊ ¡µ‘¥°—π‰¥â¥’ grain, raised ‡ È¬’ ππŸπ*
grain, ribbon ≈“¬·∂∫*
K graft-incompatibility °“√∑µË’ πâ µÕ·≈–°ßË‘ æπ— ∏ÿå grain, rift ∑’ˇ≈Ë◊Õ¬µ“¡√—»¡’* (¥Ÿ grain,
L quarter)
M (scion) ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°—πÀ√◊Õµ‘¥ grain, roe ≈“¬‰¢àª≈“*
grain, short ‡ È¬’ π —πÈ *, ‡ ¬’È π‡ª√“–*
N °π— ‰¡à§Õà ¬ π‘∑ grain, side ¥“â πµ“¡‡ ’Ȭπ*
O grafting °“√∑“∫·≈–‡ ¬’ ∫°ßË‘ grain, silver ≈“¬‡≈Ë◊Õ¡*
grain, slash 1. ‰¡â‡≈Ë◊Õ¬µ“¡·π«√“∫, ‰¡â
P graft union √Õ¬º “π¢ÕßµâπµÕ·≈–°ß‘Ë æπ— ∏åÿ ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬µ“¡¥â“π ¡— º—  2. ∑ˇ’ ≈ËÕ◊ ¬µ¥— √»— ¡’*,

Q grain 1. ‡¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ◊™, ∏—≠º≈, º≈¢Õßæ◊™

R µ√–°Ÿ≈À≠â“ (°….) 2. ‡ ’Ȭπ*, ¥â“π*,

S ≈“¬*(‰¡â), ‡πÕ◊È *(‰¡â) («π.)
T
U grain, across the ¢«“߇ ¬È’ π*

V grain, along the µ“¡‡ ¬’È π* (S. with the
W grain)

X grain, chipped ‡ È¬’ π°√–‡∑“–*

Y grain, closed ‡πÕÈ◊ ≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥*

Z grain, coarse ‡πÈÕ◊ À¬“∫*

grain, comb ≈“¬´Ë’À«’*, ‰¡â‡≈Ë◊Õ¬·∫àß Ë’, ∑’‡Ë ≈◊ÕË ¬·∫∫À≈—ßÀ¡Ÿ (¥Ÿ flat-sawed)

‰¡â‡≈ÕË◊ ¬µ“¡√—»¡’ grain, slope of §«“¡≈“¥¢Õ߇ ’Ȭπ*

grain, cross ‡ ’È¬π¢«“ß* grain, spiral ‡ È¬’ π«ß‡°≈¬’ «, ‡ ¬È’ π∫‘¥*

grain, curly ≈“¬§≈Ë◊π* («°«π) grain, straight ‡ È¬’ πµ√ß*

grain, diagonal ‡ È’¬π∑·¬ß* grain, swirl ≈“¬«π*

grain, dip ‡ ¬’È πÀ≈∫* grain, torn ‡ ’¬È π©°’ *

grain, edge ∑‡’Ë ≈Õ◊Ë ¬µ“¡√»— ¡*’ , ¥“â π¢Õ∫‡ ¬’È π, grain, twisted ‡ ’Ȭπ∫‘¥*

¥“â π√—»¡*’ (S. radial section) grain, uneven ‡πÈÕ◊ ‰¡à‡√’¬∫, ‡πÕÈ◊ ‰¡‡à  ¡Õ°—π*

grain, end ¥â“πµ—¥‡ ’Ȭπ* grain, vertical ∑‡’Ë ≈ÕË◊ ¬µ“¡√»— ¡’*, ¥“â π¢Õ∫

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

137

‡ ’Ȭπ, ¥â“π√—»¡’* (¥Ÿ grain, edge) grassland ∑ßàÿ À≠“â ‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å A
B
grain, wavy ≈“¬§≈Ëπ◊ * grass line  “¬™à«¬* (¥Ÿ line) C
D
grain, wild ‡ È’¬π ∫—  π*, ≈“¬«°«π gravel °√«¥, °Õâ π°√«¥ E
F
grain, woolly ‡ ’Ȭπ(‡ªìπ)¢ÿ¬* (S. fuzzy gravel, pea iron °√«¥≈Ÿ°√ß— G
H
grain) graveyard test °“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫∫ª°í À≈°— À√Õ◊ I
J
grain crop ∏—≠æ◊™ ªí°¥π‘ * K
L
grain density §«“¡Àπ“·πàπÕπÿ¿“§ gravitation §«“¡‚π¡â ∂«à ß M
N
grain drill ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈¥Á gravitational head 1. §«“¡ Ÿß®“°√–¥—∫ O
P
granite À‘π·°√𵑠* Õ“â ßÕß‘ 2. ·√ߢ∫— ‚πâ¡∂à«ß Q
R
granular 1. ‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ·ºàπ gravitational potential »°— ¬å‚π¡â ∂«à ß S
T
∫“ßÊ æ∫„π§≈Õ‚√æ≈“ µå ¢â“ß„π¡’§≈Õ gravitational water πÈ”´÷¡, πÈ”°√“«‘∑—»π,å πÈ” U
V
‚√øî≈≈å ·≈– carotenoid ¡À’ πâ“∑Ë’„π°“√ ∑’ˉÀ≈∫“à ≈ß„π¥π‘ ‚¥¬·√ߥ÷ߥ¥Ÿ ¢Õß‚≈° W
X
 —߇§√“–Àå· ß (æƒ.) 2. ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥‡≈Á°Ê, gravity §«“¡∂«à ß Y
Z
ª°§≈ÿ¡¥â«¬‡¡Á¥‡≈Á°Ê, ·∫∫°âÕπ°≈¡∑÷∫ gravity, specific §«“¡∂«à ß®”‡æ“–*

(ª∞.) gravity cable logging °“√™—°≈“°≈ߥ⫬

granular fertilizer ª¬Üÿ ‡¡¥Á , ªÿܬ∑Ë¡’ ≈’ —°…≥–  “¬‡§‡∫≈‘ *

‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥°≈¡‡≈Á°Ê ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“ gravity roll(er)s ≈Ÿ°°≈È‘ß∑“ß≈“¥*

»πŸ ¬°å ≈“ߪ√–¡“≥ 1-4 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ graze °‘πÀ≠“â „π·ª≈ß, ·∑–‡≈¡Á À≠â“

granular structure ‚§√ß √“â ß·∫∫°âÕπ°≈¡ grazier §π‡≈’¬È ß«—« („À°â ‘πÀ≠â“)

granulate ∑”„À⇪ìπ‡¡Á¥‡≈°Á Ê graziery °“√‡≈’¬È ß««—

granule ‡¡Á¥‡≈Á°Ê grazing °“√‡≈È’¬ß —µ«,å °“√°π‘ À≠â“

granulation 1. ¢â“« “√ (°….) 2. Õ“°“√º¥‘ grazing, conservative °“√‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å·∫∫

ª√°µ‘∑“ß √’√–¢Õß juice sacs À√◊Õ Õπÿ√°— …å

vesicle ¢Õߺ≈ â¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µ√ߢ—«È º≈ grazing, over °“√‡≈’Ȭߠ—µ«å∑Ë’‡°‘π°”≈—ߢÕß

(∑”„Àâ juice sacs ¡’≈°— …≥–·Àâß·¢Áß  ’ æπÈ◊ ∑’Ë

‡∑“  à«π¡“°‡°‘¥µÕπº≈·°àÀ√◊Õ®«π·°à) grazing, rotational °“√‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å·∫∫

(æƒ.) (S. dry end) 3. °“√‡°¥‘ °âÕπ°≈¡ À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π

(ª∞.) 4. °“√ªπôí ‡¡Á¥, °“√∑”„À‡â ªπì ‡¡Á¥, grazing, seasonal °“√‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å‡©æ“–ƒ¥Ÿ

°“√∑”ªÜ¬ÿ ‡¡¥Á grazing, selective °“√‡≈’Ȭߠµ— «·å ∫∫‡≈Õ◊ °

granulator ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪôíπ‡¡¥Á grazing land ∑¥Ë’ π‘ ∑Ë’„™ â ”À√∫— ‡≈¬È’ ß µ— «å(ª≈Õà ¬

granulator, pan ‡§√◊ÕË ßªíπô ‡¡Á¥ªÜ¬ÿ ·∫∫®“π „Àâ µ— «‡å ¢â“‰ª‡≈¡Á °‘π)

grapples ¢Õæ«ß®∫— ´ÿß* (¥Ÿ grabs) grease ‰¢¢âπ, ®“√–∫’, ™‚≈¡, ‡§≈◊Õ∫‰¢¡—π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 138

A grease band «ß‡Àπ¬’ «°π— ·¡≈ß π°°“)
green rose °Àÿ ≈“∫‡¢¬’ « (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Rosa
B greasy feeling ≈Ëπ◊ ‡À¡Õ◊ π ∫àŸ
chinensis, Jacq.)
C great reed ÕâÕ, ÕâÕ„À≠à (¥Ÿ giant reed) greens æ™◊  ¥
D green sand ∑√“¬ ’‡¢’¬«
E great soil group °≈àÿ¡¥‘πÀ≈—°, ¥‘π´÷Ëß¡’ green table ‚µä–§¥— ‰¡â* (¥Ÿ sorting table)
green thumb §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√∑” «πÀ√Õ◊
F ≈—°…≥–¿“¬„π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ‡°‘¥®“°«—µ∂ÿ
G °”‡π‘¥¥‘π™π‘¥‡¥¬’ «°π— ª≈Ÿ°µâπ‰¡â‰¥ â ”‡√®Á
green timber ‰¡ â ¥*
H grebe, little π°‡ªì¥º’ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Podiceps gregarious ¢π÷È ‡ªπì À¡Ÿà
gregarious flowering °“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°æÕâ ß°π—
I ruficollis) gribble ‡æ√’¬ß°ÿâß* (S. limnoria)
grid µ“√“ß
J green  π“¡À≠â“, ∑àßÿ À≠“â ,  ¥* grinder 1. ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß∫¥ 2. ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß≈∫— „∫¡¥’
grinding angle ¡ÿ¡§¡øíπ‡≈◊ËÕ¬*, ¡ÿ¡§¡„∫
K green chain ‚µ–ä §¥— ‰¡*â (¥Ÿ sorting table)
L ¡¥’ * (S. sharpness angle)
M green chain tally ∫—≠™’π∫— ‰¡‡â ≈ÕË◊ ¬* grinding bevel Àπⓧ¡≈“¥¥“â π‡®¬’ √π—¬*
grinding surface ∫¥
N green density §«“¡·ππà ‡¡ÕË◊  ¥* grindstone ·ºàπ°≈¡·∫π∑”¥â«¬À‘π∑√“¬
O green end Àπ“â ‡µ“Õ∫ (∑“߇¢“â ) ·∫∫µÕà ‡πÕË◊ ß*
À¡ÿπÕ¬à∫Ÿ π‡æ≈“ „™â≈∫— ¡¥’
P green gram ∂Ë—«∑Õß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Phaseolus gripe weed ≈Ÿ°„µâ„∫ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °≈ÿ

Q aureus) Phyllanthus niruri, L.)
grips ¢Õæ«ß®—∫´ÿß*, §¡’ ®—∫´ÿß (¥Ÿ grabs)
R green grocerûs flower ª¥≈Ëπ◊ ¥Õ°¢“«, ª¥

S πÈ”¡—π (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Tetracera fragrans,
T
U Ridl.)

V green house ‡√Õ◊ π‡æ“–™”, ‡√Õ◊ πµâπ‰¡,â ‡√◊Õπ
W °√–®°∑’Ë “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–

X §«“¡™◊πÈ ‰¥â

Y green level √–¥∫— °ßË‘  ¥

Z green manure ªÜÿ¬æ◊™ ¥, æ™◊ ∑’ªË ≈Ÿ°¢È÷π·≈â«

‰∂°≈∫‡æË◊Õ„™â∫”√ÿߥ‘π„π∑’Ëπ—ÈπÊ ‚¥¬æ◊™ grits ‡¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ◊™´Ë÷߉¥â‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ° (·≈–

®– ≈“¬µ«— ‡æ‘Ë¡Õ‘π∑√’¬«µ— ∂„ÿ Àâ·°¥à π‘ Õ“®®–∫¥·≈«â )

green moisture content ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™π◊È  ¥* groats ¥Ÿ grits

green mud ‚§≈π ’‡¢’¬« groom ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥µ«—  µ— «,å µ∫·µßà ·ª√ߢπ

green oil πÈ”¡π— ·Õπ∑√“´π’ (antracene oil) groove √Õà ß, ∑”„À⇪ìπ√Õà ß, ‡´“–√àÕß

green onion ÀÕ¡‡≈°Á , ÀÕ¡·¥ß (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ grooved pin  ≈°— ∑Ë¡’ ’√Õà ßÕ¬‚àŸ ¥¬√Õ∫

Allium ascalonicum, L.) grooving °“√‡´“–√Õà ß

green pie π° “√‘°“‡¢¬’ «, π°¢πÿ ·ºπ¥ß‡¢¬’ « gross °ÿ√ÿ , √«∫¬Õ¥

(π°„π °ÿ≈ Cissa sp. «ß»å‡¥¬’ «°∫— æ«° gross absorption °“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡∑Èß— À¡¥*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

139

gross absorption of preservative ª√¡‘ “≥ ground water lateritic soil ¥π‘ ™π¥‘ Àπ÷Ëß ™πÈ— A
B
°“√¥Ÿ¥´¡÷ πÈ”¬“∑È—ßÀ¡¥* ¢Õߥ‘π¬—߇®√‘≠‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ¡’™È—π¢Õߥ‘π C
D
ground bone ªÜÿ¬°√–¥Ÿ°ªÉπ (¡’∏“µÿ ≈Ÿ°√—ß·≈–¥‘π¥“πÕ¬àŸ ¡’ “√ª√–°Õ∫¢Õß E
F
øÕ øÕ√ — ª√–¡“≥ 30-35% P O ) ‡À≈Á°·≈–Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡Õ¬àŸ„π√Ÿª¢Õß≈Ÿ°√—ß G
25 ¡“° ·≈–¡’√–¥∫— π”È „µ¥â ‘π¢È÷πÊ ≈ßÊ H
I
ground cherry ‚∑߇∑ß («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ J
K
Physalis angulata, L.) ground water level √–¥∫— π”È „µ¥â ‘π L
M
ground clearance (of a vehicle) ™à«ß∑âÕß ground water podzolic soil ¥π‘ ™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ ‡°¥‘ N
O
√∂, √–¬–∑âÕß√∂æπâ æπÈ◊ * ®“°∑√“¬µ–°Õπ∑’Ë¡’°“√√–∫“¬πÈ”‰¡à Ÿâ¥’ P
Q
ground color  ’æÈ◊π¢Õߺ≈‰¡â∑Ë’·°à‡µÁ¡∑’Ë „π·∂∫™¡àÿ ™π◊È ™π—È ¢Õß¥π‘ ¬ß— ‡®√≠‘ ‰¡ à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å R
S
(‚¥¬∑«Ë— ‰ª¡ ’ ’‡¢¬’ «) ¡’™—Èπ¢ÕßÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ‡ªìπ™È—π∫“ßÊ Õ¬àŸ∫π T
U
ground cover æ™◊ §≈ÿ¡¥π‘ ∑√“¬ ’‡∑“ÕÕà π V
W
ground flora (layer) æ™◊ §≈¡ÿ ¥π‘ (™π—È ≈“à ß ¥ÿ ) groundwood ‡¬Ë◊Õ‰¡â∫¥ (S. groundwood X
Y
ground lead °“√™—°≈“°‰ªµ“¡æÈπ◊ ¥‘π (¥«â ¬ pulp) Z

‡§√◊ËÕß°«“â π) group selection system √–∫∫‡≈Õ◊ °µ¥— ‡ªπì À¡àŸ

ground lead (cable) logging °“√™—°≈“°‰ª group system √–∫∫µ¥— ‡ªπì À¡Ÿà

µ“¡æπ◊È ¥‘π* (¥«â ¬‡§√◊ÕË ß°«“â π) (¥Ÿ cable grove ¥ß, ≈–‡¡“–, °≈ÿ¡à µπâ ‰¡â

logging, powered) growing stock ª√¡‘ “≥‰¡â„πª“É

ground limestone À‘πªπŸ ∫¥ growing stock, normal ª√‘¡“≥‰¡â„πªÉ“

ground-line area ∫√‡‘ «≥§Õ¥‘π* ¡“µ√∞“π

ground meristem ‡πÕÈ◊ ‡¬ÕË◊ „π apical meristem growth °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ, °“√‡æË‘¡æŸπ, °“√

(∑Ë’„À°â ”‡π¥‘ pith, cortex ·≈– pith ray) ‡æË‘¡¢π“¥æ◊™‚¥¬°“√·∫à߇´≈≈åÀ√◊Õ°“√

ground nut ∂—Ë«≈‘ ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Arachis ¢¬“¬µ«— ¢Õ߇´≈≈å

hypogaea, L.) (¥Ÿ peanut) growth, rate of Õ—µ√“°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ*, Õ—µ√“

ground-off saw ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬¢Õ∫Àπ“â  ‘Ë«* °“√‡æ¡Ë‘ æŸπ

ground pressure (of a vehicle) ·√ß°¥ (¢Õß growth, second ªÉ“√àÿπ Õß* (¥Ÿ growth,

≈Õâ )* secondary)

ground shell marl ªπŸ ¡“√å≈‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀÕ¬∫¥ growth, secondary ªÉ“√ÿàπ Õß, °“√‡µ‘∫‚µ

ground-skid ™—°≈“°(µ“¡æÈ◊π¥‘π)* ¥â«¬ ¢¬“¬ÕÕ°*

‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√ (S. drag, snake, snig, tush, growth hormones ŒÕ√‚å ¡π‡√ßà °“√‡®√≠‘ ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ

twitch) growth layer ™πÈ— °“√‡µ∫‘ ‚µ*, ™π—È °“√‡æ¡Ë‘ æŸπ

ground skidder‡§√Õ◊Ë ß®°— √™°— ≈“°µ“¡æπÈ◊ ¥π‘ * growth-regulators  “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å (´÷Ë߉¡à„™à

ground water π”È „µ¥â π‘ , π”È ∫“¥“≈ Õ“À“√) ∑™Ë’ «à ¬‡√ßà °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 140

A growth ring «ß‡µ‘∫‚µ* gull : tern π°π“ßπ«≈
gullet 1. √àÕß√–À«à“ßøíπ‡≈◊ËÕ¬, √àÕß‚§πøíπ
B growth ring boundary ¢Õ∫«ß‡µ∫‘ ‚µ*
‡≈◊ËÕ¬* (S. throat) 2. ∫“°Àπâ“, √Õ¬
C growth stress §«“¡‡§πâ ®“°°“√‡µ∫‘ ‚µ* ∫“°Àπâ“*, √Õ¬∫“°≈“à ß* (¥Ÿ undercut)
D gullet, to ‡´“–√àÕßøπí ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬*
E growth-substances ¥Ÿ growth-regulators gullet depth §«“¡≈÷°¢Õß√Õà ßøíπ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬*
gulleting machine ‡§√ËÕ◊ ߇®¬’ √π¬— øπí ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬*
F grub, white ·¡≈ßπŸπ gully √àÕß∏“√, √àÕß≈÷°
G grub felling °“√°àπ‰¡*â gully erosion °“√°√àÕπ·∫∫√àÕß∏“√*, °“√
°—¥°√àÕπ·∫∫√Õà ß≈÷°, °“√ ≠Ÿ ‡ ¬’ ‡πÕ◊È ¥π‘
H grub hole √¥Ÿ â«ß* (¥Ÿ wormhole) ‚¥¬°“√™–≈â“ߥ⫬π”È ∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπ√àÕß
¢π“¥„À≠à
I guanabana ∑‡ÿ √’¬π‡∑» (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Annona gully plugging °“√°Èπ— √Õà ßπ”È ‡´“–
gum ¬“߉¡*â
J muricata, L.) gum, wound ¬“ß®“°·º≈*
gum benjamin °”¬“π (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Styrax
K guano ªÿܬ¢§’È “â ߧ“«, ª¬ÿÜ ¢πÈ’ ° benzoides, Craib)
L gum check °√–‡ª“–¬“߉¡*â (S. gum gall,
M guard  ß‘Ë ∑™’Ë à«¬ªÕÑ ß°—π gum pocket)
gum duct ∑Õà ¬“߉¡*â , ∑Õà π”È ¬“ß„πæ◊™
N guard, knife  à«πªÑÕß°—π„∫¡’¥°√–·∑°°—∫ gum gall °√–‡ª“–¬“߉¡â*
O  ‘Ëß°¥’ ¢«“ß gummosis °“√‡°¥‘ ¬“ß*, ‚√§¬“߉À≈*
gum pocket °√–‡ª“–¬“߉¡â*
P guard cell ‡´≈≈å§ÿ¡, ‡´≈≈å´Ë÷߇ªìπ à«π

Q ª√–°Õ∫¢Õߪ“°„∫ (stomata) ª√–°Õ∫

R ¥«â ¬‡´≈≈å 2 ‡´≈≈å ¡À’ π“â ∑‡’Ë ª¥î -ª¥î ª“°„∫

S guard rail ·ºàπÀ√◊Õ‡ âπ°—π¢â“߇æË◊ÕªÑÕß°—π
T
U «— ¥µÿ °∑“ߥ“â π¢â“ßÀ√Õ◊ ÕÕ°πÕ°‡ πâ ∑“ß

V Guatemala rhubarb À≥ÿ¡“ππË—ß·∑àπ (¥Ÿ
W gout-plant)

X guava Ω√ß—Ë (‰¡ºâ ≈„π °≈ÿ Psidium guajava,

Y L.)

Z guide plate ·ºπà ∫—ߧ—∫‚´*à , ·ºàπ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬‚´à

guider  ‘Ëßπ”∑“ß,  Ë‘ß∑Ë’™à«¬„Àâ°“√‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑’Ë gum rosin ™—π π®“°¬“ß*

‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡·π«∑°Ë’ ”Àπ¥ gum spirit πÈ”¡π—  π* (®“°¬“ß) (S. gum tur-

guinea grass À≠“â °π‘ π’ («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ pentine)

Panicum maximum, Jacq.) gum spot ®¥ÿ ¬“߉¡â*

guler ¡–‡¥◊ËÕÕÿ∑ÿ¡æ√ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Ficus gum streak √Õ¬¬“߉¡*â , ·∂∫¬“߉¡â*

glomerata, Roxb.) gum veins ·∂∫∑Õà ¬“߉¡â*

gulf cock spur À≠“â ª≈âÕß [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π gun ‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊ °”Àπ¥∑»‘ ∑“ß≈¡â ‰¡â (S. gunning

 °ÿ≈ Echinochloa cruspavonis, stick)

(H.B.K.) Schult] gun, to °”Àπ¥∑»‘ ∑“ß≈¡â ‰¡*â (¥«â ¬‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡Õ◊ )

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

141

gunning stick ‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊ °”Àπ¥∑»‘ ∑“ß≈¡â ‰¡*â gyn ªôπí ®Ëπ—  “¡¢“*, √Õ° “¡¢“ (¥Ÿ gin) A
B
gunnite method °“√ªÕÑ ß°π— ∑“ß°≈ gynoecium  à«π∑Ë’‡ªìπ‡æ»‡¡’¬ (S. pistil, C
D
gurjum oil tree ¬“ß„∫‡≈Ë◊Õ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ carpel) E
F
Dipterocarpus tuebinatus, Gaertn. f.) gynophore °“â π¥Õ°Õπ— ‡ªìπ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢Õß√ß— ‰¢à„π G
H
gustatory ¥Ÿ flavor æ◊™∫“ß™π‘¥ ‡™πà ®”ªï „π∂—Ë«≈‘ ß∑Õà √ß— ‰¢à I
J
gutta percha tree ¡–´“ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ ®–∑–≈ÿ‰ªµ“¡≈”µâπ∂÷ß√“°·≈–µ‘¥‡ªìπΩí° K
L
Palaquium obovatum, Engl.) „µâ¥‘π M
N
guttation °“√§“¬π”È ‡ªìπÀ¬¥, π”È ∑’ËÕÕ°¡“ gynostemium ‡ “â ‡° √„π¥Õ°°≈⫬‰¡â (‡°¥‘ O
P
®“°æ™◊ „π√ªŸ ¢Õ߇À≈« ®“°°“√√«¡µ—«¢Õ߇° √µ—«ºŸâ·≈–µ—«‡¡’¬) Q
R
gutter √Õà ߬“߉¡â*, √“ß* (¥Ÿ apron) gypsan §√“∫‡°≈Õ◊ ®◊¥ S
T
gutter chisel ºË÷ß* gypsum ‡°≈◊Õ®◊¥ (·√à´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ºß U
V
guy line  “¬√–¬“ß* (¥Ÿ line) ™Õ≈°å „™∑â ”ªπŸ æ≈“ ‡µÕ√·å ≈–ª√∫— ª√ßÿ ¥π‘ ) W
X
gymnospermae ¥Ÿ gymnosperms gypsy yarder ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß°«â“𬪑 ´*’ Y
Z
gymnosperms æ◊™‡¡≈¥Á ‡ª≈◊Õ¬

H

habit ≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬, ≈—°…≥–À√◊ÕÕ“°“√·Ààß half-bordered pit À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å·∫∫¡’
°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ∫‘ ‚µ, ≈—°…≥–‡§¬™‘π (™«’ .) ¢Õ∫¢â“߇¥¬’ «* (¥Ÿ pit)

habitat ∑Õ’Ë “»—¬, ·À≈àß∑’ÕË ¬Ÿà, ∂‘Ëπ,  ¿“æ·«¥- half-bordered pit pair À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å§àŸ
≈Õâ ¡µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·∫∫¡¢’ Õ∫¢“â ߇¥’¬«* (¥Ÿ pit-pair)

habit modifiers  “√ª√—∫ ¿“æº≈÷° half-rotary cutting °“√ªÕ°‰¡´â ’°*
hack  ∫— °“π* (¥Ÿ frill girdle) half-rotary-cut veneer ‰¡â∫“ß°Ë÷ߪհ*
hackle  √âÕ¬§Õ (‰°à)
hadrom ‡´≈≈å´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß∑àÕπÈ” (¥Ÿ veneer)
half-round cutting °“√ªÕ°°÷ËßΩ“π*
∑’ˬ—ß¡’™«’ ‘µÕ¬Ÿà half-round sleeper ‰¡Àâ ¡Õπ´’°*
haft  «à π∑’ËÀ¥·§∫¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–À√Õ◊  à«πµà“ßÊ half-round veneer ‰¡∫â “ß°ß÷Ë Ω“π* (¥Ÿ veneer)
hair check √Õ¬ª√·‘ ∫∫‡ πâ º¡* (¥Ÿ check) half-shade √à¡√”‰√
hairy ¡¢’ π¢Èπ÷ half-timber ‰¡‡â À≈ˬ’ ¡ºà“§√÷ßË *
haldu ‡°«â“, ‡¢«â“ [µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Pidina half-track √∂°ß÷Ë  “¬æ“π*
half-wrought timber ‰¡â‰ À¬“∫*
cordifolia, (Roxb.) Benth & Hook. f.]

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 142

A halophile ®ÿ≈‘π∑√¬’ ™å Õ∫§«“¡‡§¡Á hard fuel ‡™◊ÕÈ ‡æ≈‘ß∑ˇ’ ªìπ¢Õß·¢ßÁ
hardness §«“¡·¢Áß, §«“¡°√–¥“â ß (¢Õßπ”È )
B halophyte æ™◊ ¥π‘ ‡§¡Á , æ™◊ ∑¡’Ë §’ «“¡∑π∑“πµàÕ hardpan ™È—π¥‘π¥“π, ™—Èπ¥“π·¢Áß, ™—Èπ¥‘π∑Ë’

C ‡°≈Õ◊  ßŸ ·¢Áß¡“° πÈ”‰¡àÕ“®´÷¡ºà“π‰¥â, Õπÿ¿“§
D ¢Õߥ‘π∑Ë’∂Ÿ°‡™◊ËÕ¡„Àⵑ¥·πàπ‚¥¬‡À≈Á°
E ham (∑—∫»—æ∑å), º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑Ë’‰¥â®“°¢“À≈—ß ´≈‘ ‘°â“ Õ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ ·§≈‡´’¬Ë ¡§“√å∫Õ‡πµ
À√◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫Õπ◊Ë Ê
F  à«π∫π¢Õß ÿ°√À¡—°„ππ”È ‡°≈◊Õ Õ“®√¡ hardsalt : hardsalz ‡°≈◊Õ·¢Áß
G §«—π¥«â ¬°Á‰¥â hard streak ‰¡âΩπó ·√ßÕ¥— * (¥Ÿ compression
wood), ≈“¬‰¡âΩπó ·√ßÕ—¥*
H hammer, marking ¶âÕπµ√“* hardwood : hdwd. ‰¡â„∫°«â“ß*, µâπ‰¡â„∫
°«“â ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡‡â π◊ÕÈ ·¢ßÁ
I hammer mill ‡§√ÕË◊ ß∫¥¶âÕπ‡À«Ë’¬ß hardwood creosote §√‚’ Õ‚´µ®“°‰¡â„∫°«“â ß*
hardwood cutting °Ëß‘ ™”·°à
J hand À«’ (°≈⫬) hardy ∑π∑“π, ·°√ßà
hardy monkey puzzle  π§√‘ µå¡“  (‰¡â
K hand-bank √«¡À¡Õπ√¡‘ Ωßíò *(¥«â ¬·√ߧπ), §¥— ª√–¥—∫„π °≈ÿ Araucaria araucana)
L harpoon ©¡«°
M ‰¡≈â ßπÈ”¥«â ¬·√ߧπ harpoon, single barbed ©¡«°‡¥’ˬ«
harpoon, three barbs ©¡«° “¡‡ß’¬Ë ß
N handle 1. À“߉∂ 2. ¥“â ¡, ¡◊Õ∂Õ◊ 3. ¢π∂“à ¬, harrow 1. §√“¥, ‡§√Ë◊Õßæ√«π (‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ
O ≈”‡≈¬’ ß, ∂Õ◊ ‡µ√’¬¡¥‘π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß „™â·¬°¥‘π∑Ë’®—∫°—π
‡ªìπ°âÕπ‚µÊ ÕÕ°®“°°—π ∑”„À⥑π√“∫
P hand-line ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ®∫—  µ— «åπÈ”ª√–‡¿∑‡∫¥Á ¡Õ◊

Q handling 1. °“√®¥— °“√, °“√≈”‡≈¬’ ߢπ∂“à ¬ 2.

R °“√ª√–°Õ∫¿“√°‘®‡°’ˬ«°∫— ª¬ÿÜ (ª∞.)

S hand logger §πß“π∑”‰¡¥â «â ¬·√ß*
T
U hand net Õ«π™Õâ π

V hand pike ‰¡§â ¥— ‰≈à´ßÿ ¥“â ¡ —Èπ*
W hand-pollination °“√º ¡‡° √‚¥¬„™§â π™«à ¬

X hand skidding °“√™—°≈“°¥â«¬·√ߧπ*

Y hang °“√µÈß— „∫‡≈◊ÕË ¬ (‡≈ÕË◊ ¬µ∫— ) ‡ÕπÀπâ“*

Z hang-up ≈¡â §â“ß* (S. lodge), ≈“°§“â ß*

haploid ‡´≈≈åÀ√◊Õæ◊™∑Ë’¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡¿“¬„π ‡√’¬∫ ·≈–Õ“®∑”≈“¬«—™æ◊™‰¥â¥â«¬)

‡´≈≈å‡æ’¬ß™ÿ¥‡¥’¬« (1n),  ¿“«–∑Ë’ 2. æ√«π¥‘π, ≈“°‡§√ÕË◊ ßæ√«π‰ª∫π¥π‘

®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡≈¥≈ߧ√Ë÷ßÀπË÷ß (‡™àπ harrow, to §√“¥ (¥‘π), ∑”„À⥑π‡ªìπ°âÕπ

®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡„π gamete) ‡≈°Á ≈ß

hardboard ·ºπà „¬‰¡âÕ—¥·¢Áß* harrow, chain æ√«π‚´à

harden ∑”„Àâ∑π∑“π, ∑”„À·â ¢Áß harrow, disc ®“πæ√«π

hardener  “√™à«¬„Àâ°“«·¢ßÁ µ—«* harrow, drive ®“πæ√«π∑’Ë„™â°”≈ß— ®“°‡æ≈“

hardening off °“√∑”„ÀâÕ¥∑π, °“√‡°‘¥§«“¡ Õ”π«¬°”≈—ß

Õ¥∑π harrow, power ·∂«®“πæ√«π∑Ë’¡µ’ âπ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

143

harrow, reversible disc æ√«π®“π∑’Ë¡’ haulage °“√™—°≈“°, °“√¢π àß A
B
À≈“¬™ÿ¥  “¡“√∂ª√—∫§«“¡°«â“ß-·§∫ haul-back ¥÷ß°≈—∫* C
D
¢Õߢπ“¥√Õà ß·≈–ª√∫— „Àæâ ≈°‘ ¥π‘ ‡¢“â -ÕÕ° haul-back block √Õ°¥÷ß°≈∫— * E
F
®“°·π«‡§≈◊ÕË π∑’ˉ¥â haul-back line  “¬¥ß÷ °≈∫— * G
H
harrow, rigid æ√«π´µ’Ë √ß haulm ≈”µπâ I
J
harrow, roller ‡§√Ë◊Õßæ√«π·∫∫≈Ÿ°°≈ß‘È haul road ∑“ß≈“°¢π* K
L
harrow, spike-tooth æ√«π´Ë’ haustoria Õ«—¬«–懑 »…¢Õßæ™◊ æ«°°“Ω“° „™â M
N
harrow, tooth æ√«π´Ë,’ ¢∫— ‡§≈◊ÕË πµ—«‡Õß  ”À√—∫‰™™Õπ‡¢â“‰ª„πµâπ‰¡â∑Ë’¡—π¢÷ÈπÕ¬àŸ O
P
harrowed æπÈ◊ ∑’ËÊ æ√«π¥‘π·≈â« ‡æÕ◊Ë ¥¥Ÿ ‡Õ“Õ“À“√®“°∑Õà Õ“À“√¢Õßæ™◊ ππ—È Q
R
harrowing °“√§√“¥ hay À≠“â ·Àßâ , „∫À≠“â , „∫æ™◊ ∑≈Ë’ ”µπâ ÕÕà π ‡≈°Á S
T
harrow plough ®“πæ√«π∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°µ—¥·≈–ºË÷߉«â ”À√—∫„Àâ —µ«å°‘π‡ªìπ U
V
®“π°≈¡‚§â߇«â“À≈“¬„∫µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà∫π‡æ≈“ Õ“À“√ W
X
‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–æ≈°‘ ¥‘π‰ª„π∑“߇¥’¬«°π— hay maker ‡§√ÕË◊ ßæ≈°‘ ·≈–°ÕßÀ≠“â ∑µË’ ¥— ·≈«â Y
Z
harvest º≈‡°∫Á ‡°¬Ë’ «, °“√‡°∫Á ‡°Ë’¬«æ◊™º≈ hazard Õπ— µ√“¬, ‡ªπì Õ—πµ√“¬µÕà  ÿ¢¿“æ

harvest, to ‡°∫Á ‡°Ë¬’ « hazard (fire) √–¥∫— ‰«‰ø, ‡™Õ◊È ‡æ≈ß‘ ∑≈’Ë Õà ·À≈¡

harvester ‡§√◊ËÕ߇°∫Á ‡°Ë¬’ « hazard index (fire) ¥™— 𒧫“¡≈Õà ·À≈¡

harvester, forage ‡§√ÕË◊ ߇°∫Á ‡°¬Ë’ «æ◊™Õ“À“√ hazard reduction (fire) °“√≈¥§«“¡≈àÕ

 µ— «å ·À≈¡

harvester, instant paddy ‡§√◊ËÕ߇°Á∫‡°’ˬ« hazard stick ‰¡â«¥— §«“¡™Èπ◊ ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ≈‘ß

‡¡≈Á¥ haze meter ‡§√◊ÕË ß«¥— ∑»— π« ‘ —¬

harvesting °“√‡°Á∫‡°¬’Ë « H-budding ¥Ÿ plate budding

harvesting, early °“√‡°∫Á ‡°Ë¬’ «·µà‡π‘ËπÊ head 1. §«“¡ Ÿß¢Õßµâπ‰¡«â —¥®“°º‘«¥π‘ ∂ß÷ °‘ßË

harvesting, late °“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«≈à“™â“, §«“¡ ·√° («π.) 2. À«— , ®”π«πÀ—«, ®”π«πµ—«

≈“à ™“â „π°“√‡°Á∫‡°Ë¬’ « ( «.) 3. ™àÕ¥Õ°∑¢Ë’ Èπ÷ ‡∫¬’ ¥°π— ·πàπ ¡’√Ÿª

hastate „∫∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª§≈“â ¬À«— ∏πŸ ¡ ’ à«π∞“π·À≈¡ °≈¡ ‰¡à¡’°â“π¥Õ°À√◊Õ¡’°Á —Èπ¡“° (¥Ÿ

¬◊πË ÕÕ°‰ª∑—ßÈ  Õߢ“â ß, √ªŸ ‡ß’¬Ë ß„∫ÀÕ°* capitulum)

hatch ø°í ‰¢,à øí°ÕÕ°‡ªπì µ«— head block ·∑àπ∫ß— §∫— ´ßÿ *, ·ºπà ‰¡√â ÕßÕ¥— *,

hatchability °“√∑’ˉ¢øà °í ÕÕ°‡ªπì µ«— √Õ°‡Õ°* (¥Ÿ main-line block)

hatchery ‚√ßøí°‰¢à, °“√ø°í ‰¢à header 1. ‡§√ËÕ◊ ßµ¥— µâπ¢“â « (¡°— µ—¥µ¥‘ µÕ¢â“«

hatching egg ‰¢àøí° ‰ª¥«â ¬ª√–¡“≥ 12-16 øÿµ) 2. ‡§√ÕË◊ ß

haul √–¬–∑“ß™°— ≈“°, √–¬–∑“ß≈“°¢π* ¡◊Õ‡°…µ√°√√¡™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß„™âµ—¥µâπ∏—≠æ◊™

haul, to ≈“°, ¥÷ß, ™—°≈“°, ≈“°¢π* µ√ߧÕÀ√◊յ˔°«à“√«ß 2-3 πÈ‘« À√◊Õµ√ß

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 144

A Ω°í ·≈«â ¢π «à π∑µ’Ë ¥— ‰¥¢â πÈ÷ ‰ª¬ß— ∂ß— ‡°∫Á ‰¥‡â Õß Willd.]
heart plank ‰¡µâ ∫— µ¥‘ ‰ â*
B 3.  à«π¢Õ߇§√Ë◊Õ߇°Ë’¬«∑’˪ÑÕß°—πµâπÀ√◊Õ heart rot °“√º∑ÿ ’·Ë °πà *, ·°àπº,ÿ ‰ âºÿ
heartwood ·°àπ*, ·°àπ‰¡â,  à«π¢Õ߇πÈ◊Õ‰¡â
C √«ß∑’˵—¥·≈â«≈⡉ª¢â“ßÀπâ“·≈–µ—¥‡°’ˬ«
D ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡´≈≈å∑Ë’µ“¬·≈â«·≈–‰¡à “¡“√∂
E µπâ æ◊™ ≈”‡≈’¬ßπ”È ‰¥â ª√°µ‘¡’ ’π”È µ“≈‡¢â¡
(S. duramen, true wood)
F head grabs ¢Õ®—∫´ßÿ ∑Õà π·√°* heartwood, false ·°àπ‡∑¬’ ¡*
G heading 1. ÕÕ°√«ß 2. ‰¡â∑”Ω“∂—ß («π.) heartwood, traumatic ·°àπ‡∑’¬¡* (‡°‘¥
®“°·º≈)
H heading back °“√µ¥— ∑Õπ°ß‘Ë ‰¡â„À â πÈ— ‡æË◊Õ„Àâ heat, glue-line °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¢π“π
·π«°“«*
I ·µ°¬Õ¥„À¡à heat, high frequency °“√„À§â «“¡√Õâ π¥â«¬
§≈◊Ë𧫓¡∂Ë ’ ߟ *
J head land ∑’Ë«à“ßÀ—«·ª≈ß, À—«ß“π, æÈ◊π∑’Ë´÷Ëß heat, longitudinal °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¢π“π
·π«°“«* (¥Ÿ heat, glue-line)
K ‡«âπ‰«â ”À√—∫°≈—∫√∂‡¡◊ËÕ‰∂æÈ◊π∑’Ë À√◊Õ heat, low voltage °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¥â«¬
L ‰øø“Ñ ·√ßµ”Ë *
M °®‘ °√√¡ÕπË◊ „π‰√πà “ heat, mains voltage °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ®“°
 “¬‡¡π*
N head rig ‡≈◊ÕË ¬‡ªî¥ªï°* heat, parallel °“√„À§â «“¡√Õâ π¢π“π·π«°“«*
O head saw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬‡ª¥î ªï°* (¥Ÿ heat, glue-line)
heat, perpendicular °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπµ—Èß
P headspace ™Õà ß«“à ߇Àπ◊Õº≈‘µ¿≥— ±å∑Ë∫’ √√®ÿÕ¬àŸ

Q „π°√–ªÕÜ ßÀ√Õ◊ ¢«¥

R head spar ‡ “√–¬“ßÀ—«*

S head to row ®”π«π√«ßµÕà ·∂«
T
U healing °“√ ¡“π·º≈

V heart ‰ â‰¡â (S. heart centre)
W heart, black √Õ¬¥”„π·°àπ*

X heart, boxed ‰¡âÕ¡‰ â* (S. pith, boxed)

Y heart, brittle ‰ â‡ª√“–*

Z heart, frost ·°àπ‡∑¬’ ¡* (‡æ√“–‡¬Á𮥗 )

heart, punky ‰ ‡â ª√“–* (S. heart, brittle) ©“°°∫— ·π«°“«*

heart, red √Õ¬·¥ß„π·°àπ* heat, radio frequency °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ

heart, soft ‰ âøí°* ¥â«¬§≈◊Ë𧫓¡∂’Ë Ÿß*

heart, spongy ‰ âø°í * (¥Ÿ heart, soft) heat, spot °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ·∫∫‡ªìπ·ÀàßÊ*

heart, wandering ‰ â‡∫¬Ë’ ß*, ‰ §â ¥* (À√◊Õ‡ªìπ®¥ÿ )

heart centre ‰ â‰¡*â (¥Ÿ heart) heat, strayfield °“√„À§â «“¡√Õâ π·∫∫°√–®“¬*

heart check √Õ¬ª√‘®“°‰ *â (¥Ÿ check) heat, strip °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ‡ªπì ·π«*

heart leaf drymary À≠Ⓡ°≈Á¥ÀÕ¬ [«™— æ◊™ heat, transverse °“√„À⧫“¡√Õâ πµ—ßÈ ©“°°—∫

‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ Drymaria cordata, (L.) ·π«°“«*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

145

heat absorptivity §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¥Ÿ¥ heel in, to ªí°°≈â“≈ß„π¥π‘ A
B
§«“¡√âÕπ heeling boom §“π¬π— * C
D
heat conductivity °“√𔧫“¡√âÕπ,  ¿“æ heifer ‚§ “« (Õ“¬µÿ ”Ë °«à“ 3 ªï·≈–¬ß— ‰¡à¡≈’ Ÿ°) E
F
𔧫“¡√âÕπ height (tree)  «à π Ÿß, §«“¡ Ÿß* G
H
heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ height, breast §«“¡ Ÿß‡æ’¬ßÕ°* I
J
heating, high frequency °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ height, dominant §«“¡ Ÿß™È—π‡¥πà K
L
¥â«¬§≈π◊Ë §«“¡∂ Ë’ ߟ , °“√∑”‰¡â„Àâ·Àßâ ¥«â ¬ height, merchantable §«“¡ ßŸ ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬*å M
N
§≈πË◊ §«“¡∂ Ë’ ߟ (S. seasoning, high fre- height, stump §«“¡ ŸßµÕ* O
P
quency) height, timber §«“¡ ßŸ ´ßÿ , §«“¡ ßŸ ∑”´ßÿ ‰¥*â Q
R
heat of wetting (soil) §«“¡√Õâ π∑‡Ë’ °‘¥®“° height, top §«“¡ ßŸ ™π—È ‡¥πà , §«“¡ ßŸ ™—Èπ‡¥àπ S
T
°“√¥Ÿ¥¬÷¥πÈ”¢Õߥ‘π, °“√§“¬§«“¡√âÕ𠇩≈’ˬ U
V
(¥‘π) height, total §«“¡ ßŸ  ÿ¥¬Õ¥* W
X
heatseal ª¥î ºπ°÷ ¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ height class ™π—È §«“¡ Ÿß Y
Z
heat unit Àπ«à ¬§«“¡√Õâ π∑æË’ ™◊ ‰¥√â ∫— (∫Õ°‡ªπì helical ¡≈’ —°…≥–‡ªìπ‡°≈’¬«

degree-day À√◊Õ degree-hour) helical gear ‡øÕó ߇©’¬ß

heavy clay ¥π‘ ‡À𒬫®¥— helicoid cyme ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫ cyme ¡’¥Õ°

heavy media µ—«°≈“ßÀπ—°, µ«— °≈“ß∑Ë’„™â„π ‡°‘¥¢â“߇¥’¬« ®÷ß∑”„Àâ°â“π¥Õ°¡’≈—°…≥–

°√–∫«π°“√·¬°‚´‡¥’¬¡§≈Õ‰√¥åÕÕ° ‚§âß ‡™àπ ¥Õ°æ«ß™¡æŸ ‡ªìπµπâ

®“°·√à´‘≈‰«∑å (sylvite : KCl) „π°“√ heliotropic Àπ— ‡¢â“À“¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å

º≈µ‘ ª¬ÿÜ ‚æ·∑ ‡´¬’ ¡§≈Õ‰√¥å (ª∞.) heliotropism °“√Àπ— ‡¢â“À“· ß

heavy mineral ·√àÀπ°— * (‡»…·√ஓ°™Èπ— Àπ‘ helminthology °¡‘ ‘«‘∑¬“, «‘∑¬“ÀπÕπ欓∏‘

∑Ë¡’ §’ «“¡∂à«ß®”‡æ“– ßŸ °«à“ 2.85) helophyte æ◊™¥π‘ ‡≈π

hedge 1. √«—È µπâ ‰¡â (‡µ¬’È Ê) 2. ªÕÑ ß°π— °“√¢“¥∑πÿ heme ‡¡¥Á  ∑’ ’Ë„À â ·’ ¥ß„π‡≈Õ◊ ¥

hedge, to ≈âÕ¡√È—«‚¥¬„™âµπâ ‰¡â hemi- §√÷ßË

hedge cactus µ–∫Õ߇æ™√„À≠à (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ hemicellulose ‡ âπ„¬∑Ë’¡’‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡≈Á°„πæ◊™

Cereus peruvianus, Haw.) ¬Õà ¬ ≈“¬‰¥âπÈ”µ“≈ß“à ¬°«à“‡´≈≈‚Ÿ ≈ 

hedge plant µâπ‰¡∑â ª’Ë ≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ√È«— hemizygous  ¿“æ¢Õß allele ∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬àŸ

heel  —πøπí ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬*.  —π§¡¡¥’ *,  π— ‰∂ ‚¥¥‡¥Ë¬’ «„π genotype

heel, landside  à«π¢Õ߇À≈°Á ¥—π¢â“ߺ“≈‰∂∑’Ë hemmel §Õ°«—«

°¥≈߉ª∫π¥‘π hemorrhage : haemorrhage µ°‡≈◊Õ¥,

heel, detachable  —π‰∂∑’Ë∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫°—∫ Õ“°“√‡≈Õ◊ ¥ÕÕ°

‡À≈°Á ¥π— ¢“â ߉¥â hemp °≠— ™“ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Cannabis sativa, L.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 146

A hemp, ambary ªÕ·°â«, ªÕ¥“â ¬ tion ∑‡’Ë °’ˬ«¢Õâ ß∑“ß°√√¡æ—π∏ÿå (H = VG/
VP)
B hemp, grass cloth ªÕª“É π heredity æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡, ™“µ‘æ—π∏ÿå, °√√¡æ—π∏åÿ,
°“√ ◊∫ “¬‚≈À‘µ, °“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡™◊ÈÕ “¬
C hemp, Indian °≠— ™“ (¥Ÿ hemp) À√◊Õ≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘µ
D ®“°æÕà ·¡ à ≈àŸ Ÿ°À≈“π
E hempen ∑”¥â«¬ªÉ“π heritability Õ—µ√“æ—π∏°ÿ √√¡, ª√– ∑‘ ∏‘¿“æ„π
°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥≈—°…≥–, °“√«—¥ª√‘¡“≥
F hempstring ‡™◊Õ°ªÉ“𠧫“¡ºπ— ·ª√∑’ˇ°¥‘ ¢÷Èπ‡πÕ◊Ë ß®“°æ—π∏°ÿ √√¡
G hen ·¡à‰°à À√Õ◊ ‰°‡à ¡’¬ (Õ“¬ÿ‡°π‘ 1 ªï) heritability, brond sense Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß
§«“¡º—π·ª√∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥µàÕ
H hengest ¡“â µ«— ºâŸ §«“¡º—π·ª√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢È÷π √«¡∑—Èß
§«“¡º—π·ª√Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß®“° ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡
I hen-harrier ¥Ÿ hen-hawk heritability, narrow sense Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß
§«“¡º—π·ª√∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡´Ë÷ß· ¥ßÕÕ°
J hen-hawk π°®”æ«°‡À¬’¬Ë « „π√Ÿª¢Õߺ≈∫«°µàÕ§«“¡º—π·ª√∑È—ßÀ¡¥
∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷
K hen-house §Õ°‰°à hermaphrodite °√–‡∑¬, ¡’ 2 ‡æ», ¥Õ°√«¡
ML herb µ≥‘ ™“µ,‘ ‰¡‡â πÕ◊È ÕÕà 𠇙πà °≈«â ¬ º°— µ“à ßÊ, ‡æ»
N æ◊™≈â¡≈ÿ°∑Ë’¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡âÕ¬àŸ∫â“߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·≈– hermaphroditic ¥Ÿ hermaphrodite
O µ“¬¿“¬„π 1 ªï ‡™πà À≠“â ‡ªìπµâπ hermetic  ¿“«–∑’˪¥î ·ππà
hernia Õ“°“√‰ â‡≈◊ËÕπ, ‚√§‰ â‡≈Ë◊Õπ
P herbaceous ‰¡â≈â¡≈ÿ°, ‡°Ë’¬«°—∫‰¡â‡πÈ◊ÕÕàÕπ, heron π°¬“ß (¥Ÿ egret, bittern)

Q ¡’≈”µâπÕàÕπ

R herbage æ™◊ ≈¡â ≈°ÿ , «à πÕπË◊ ¢Õßæ™◊ ¬°‡«πâ ¥Õ°,

S æ◊™æ«°À≠â“ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°À¡“¬∂÷ß à«π
T
U ¢Õßæ◊™∑’‚Ë º≈æà âπ¥‘π¢÷Èπ¡“

V herbarium 惰…æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å, µ—«Õ¬à“ßæ◊™∑Ë’
W ∑”„Àâ·Àâß ª√°µ‘‡°Á∫À√◊Õµ‘¥‰«â∫π

X °√–¥“…·¢Áß ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µà“ßÊ ‡°’ˬ«

Y °∫— æ◊™ππÈ— °”°∫— Õ¬àŸ¥â«¬

Z herbicides  “√°”®¥— «—™æ™◊

herbigation °“√„™â “√°”®¥— «™— æ◊™√à«¡°∫— °“√ heron, night π°·¢«° (π°„π °≈ÿ Nyctico-

™≈ª√–∑“π rax nycticorax)

herbivora  µ— «°å ‘πæ™◊ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ herpetology «∑‘ ¬“ µ— «‡å ≈ÕÈ◊ ¬§≈“π

herbivorous °π‘ æ™◊ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ hesperidium º≈ª√–‡¿∑ fleshy ¢Õßæ◊™æ«°

herbinate ‡À¡—πµ™æ’  â¡ [ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™È—ππÕ°

herd Ωߟ  µ— «å, ¥Ÿ·≈Ωߟ  µ— «,å µâÕπΩߟ  —µ«å (flavedo) ¢“â ß„π¡µ’ àÕ¡πÈ”¡—𠇪≈Õ◊ °º≈

herdsman §π‡≈¬’È ß —µ«å ™È—π°≈“ß (albedo) ·≈–‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™—Èπ„π

hereditability  ¡√√∂π–„π°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥ ∑°’Ë ≈“¬‰ª‡ªπì juice sacs ´Ëß÷ ‡ªπì ‡πÈ◊Õº≈

≈—°…≥–,  ¥—  «à π¢Õß phenotypic varia- ‰¡∑â Ë’„™√â ∫— ª√–∑“π]

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

147

hetero- ¡“°°«à“Àπ÷ßË (S. hybridvigor) A
B
heterochimera hybrid ¥Ÿ chimera heterosporous º≈µ‘  ªÕ√å 2 ™π¥‘ C
D
heterochromatin  «à π¢Õß chromatin ∑¬Ë’ Õâ ¡ heterostyly ¡’°“â π‡° √µ«— ‡¡’¬ (style) ∑ˇ’ ÀπÁ E
F
µ¥‘  ‡’ ¢â¡ ‡¥àπ™—¥ 2 Õ—πÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“ À√◊Õ¡’°â“π G
H
heterochromosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ» (S. al- ‡° √µ—«‡¡’¬∑Ë¡’ §’ «“¡¬“«µà“ß°—π I
losome, sex chromosome) heterotic ≈°— …≥–§«“¡·¢ßÁ ·°√ßà æπ— ∑“ß (æ∏.) J
heterotrophic  ß— ‡§√“–ÀÕå “À“√‡Õ߉¡à‰¥,â ‡°¬Ë’ « K
heterocyst ‡´≈≈å∑Ë’æÕߢ¬“¬µ—«ÕÕ°¡’¢π“¥ L
‚µ°«“à ‡´≈≈Õå ◊ËπÊ ‰¡à¡ ’ ’ æ∫„π filament °—∫æ◊™∑Ë’¬—ß™’æÕ¬Ÿà‰¥â‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√®“° M
¢Õß “À√“à ¬ blue green ∫“ß™π‘¥ ·À≈àßÕËπ◊ , „™âÕ‘π∑√¬’  “√‡ªìπÕ“À“√ N
heterotrophic organism  Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë„™â “√ O
heterogametes ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ» (gametes) ∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª Õπ‘ ∑√’¬‡å ªìπÕ“À“√ P
√à“ß≈°— …≥–·≈–π ‘ ¬— ‰¡à‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— heterotrophic plants Õπ‘ ∑√’¬æ◊™ Q
heterozygote º≈∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°“√º ¡√–À«à“ß R
heterogametic ‡æ»∑’Ë¡’ gamete ¡“°°«à“ 2 ‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ»∑Ë’‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π 2 µ—« ≈Ÿ°À≈“π S
™π‘¥ ®–ÕÕ°¡“‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫æàÕ·¡à‡ ¡Õ‰ª, T
genotype ∑Ë’¡’ alleles µà“ß™π‘¥°π— ‡™πà U
heterogamous ¡’¥Õ° 2 ·∫∫À√Õ◊ ¡“°°«à“ Aa ‡ªπì µâπ V
heterogamy °“√ ∫◊ æπ— ∏ÿå∑’Ë„™‡â ™Õ◊È ‡æ» 2 ·∫∫ heterozygous °“√∑Ë’¬’π´Ë÷߉¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π¡“®—∫ W
heterogen æ◊™∑’Ë¡’¥Õ°‡æ»‡¥’¬«„πµâπÀπË÷ßÊ §àŸ°π— (Õ“®¡’¬’π¡“°°«à“ÀπËß÷ §àŸ°Á‰¥â) X
hew ∂“°* Y
®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’µâπ∑’Ë¡’¥Õ°‡æ»µ√ß¢â“¡Õ¬àŸ hewn timber ‰¡∂â “°* Z
¥â«¬®÷ß®–º ¡æ—π∏åÿµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‰¥â ‡™àπ hexagonal system °“√ª≈Ÿ°µâπ‰¡â·∫∫
‡ß“– ‡ªπì µπâ À°‡À≈¬Ë’ ¡¥â“π‡∑“à §Õ◊ ª≈°Ÿ ‰¡ªâ √–∏“π‰«â
heterogeneity population ¥Ÿ population, µ√ß¡ÿ¡¢ÕßÀ°‡À≈Ë’¬¡¥â“π‡∑à“ ·≈–ª≈Ÿ°
heterogeneity µ√ß°≈“ßÕ’° 1 µâπ
heterogenous 1. ««‘ ‘∏æπ— ∏ÿå*, 2. ‰¡‡à ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ hexaploid ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡Õ¬Ÿà 6 ™¥ÿ (6n)
‡¥¬’ «°π— 3. ¡’ «à πÀ√◊ÕÕ«—¬«–‰¡‡à ªìπ·∫∫ hibernation °“√®”»’≈ (¢Õß°∫), °“√æ°— µ—«
‡¥¬’ «°—π (¢Õß·¡≈ß), °“√æ°— „πƒ¥ÀŸ π“«
heterogenous ray √»— ¡’««‘ ∏‘ æ—π∏*ÿå hide Àπß—  µ— «å (·Àßâ )
heterometabolic °“√·ª≈ß√ªŸ ‰¡ à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å (°Ø’ .) hide glue °“«Àπß— *
heterophyte æ◊™∑Ë’‰¥âÕ“À“√®“° ‘ËßÕ◊Ëπ‡æ◊ËÕ high analysis fertilizer ªÜÿ¬∑¡’Ë ∏’ “µÕÿ “À“√ Ÿß
¥”√ß™æ’
heterosis ‡¥πà º“à ‡À≈“à , §«“¡·¢ßÁ ·°√ßà æπ— ∑“ß,
§«“¡¥‡’ ¥πà À√Õ◊ §«“¡·¢ßÁ ·°√ßà ¢Õß≈°Ÿ º ¡
∑Ë’¡’¡“°°«à“æàÕ-·¡à, °“√∑’Ë≈Ÿ°º ¡· ¥ß
≈—°…≥–„¥≈°— …≥–Àπ÷Ë߇Àπ◊Õ°«“à æÕà -·¡à

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 148

A high density plywood ‰¡Õâ ¥— §«“¡·ππà  Ÿß* hill 1. ¬°‚§°, æπŸ ¥‘π, °≈∫‚§π, 2. ‡ππ‘ ‡¢“,
À≈¡ÿ ª≈°Ÿ
B high forest system √–∫∫ª“É  Ÿß
hill dropping °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ™◊ ‚¥¬«∏‘ ’À¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥
C high forest with reserved system √–∫∫ æ™◊ ‡ªìπÀ≈¡ÿ √–¬–Àà“߇∑à“Ê °—π
D
E ªÉ“‰«â‰¡ â ß«π hill evergreen forest ª“É ¥‘∫‡¢“
hilling °“√æŸπ‚§π
F high frequency drying °“√∑”‰¡â„Àâ·Àâß hillock ‡¢“‡µ’Ȭ
G ¥«â ¬§≈π◊Ë §«“¡∂ ’Ë ßŸ * (S. high frequency hilly  ¿“ææπÈ◊ ∑’ˇ™‘߇¢“
hilum √Õ¬∫π‡¡≈Á¥∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ®“°°â“π‰¢àÀ≈¥ÿ ÕÕ°
H heating, high frequency seasoning)
®“°‡¡≈Á¥, ·º≈‡ªπì ∫π‡¡≈¥Á
I high-grade residue ‡»…‡À≈Õ◊ ‡®Õ◊ ª¬ÿÜ (µ–°Õπ hindquarter ∫È—π∑⓬¢Õß —µ«å,  à«π∑⓬

J ´÷Ëß·¬°ÕÕ°®“°°“√º≈‘µ‚¡‚π‚´‡¥’¬¡ ¢Õß µ— «å
hinge ∫“πæ—∫
K øÕ ‡øµ  “√ à«π„À≠à§◊Õ·§≈‡´’ˬ¡ hinge, inner shoe ∫“πæ—∫¢Õß°≈‰°ª√—∫
L
M ´—≈‡øµ ·µà°Á¬—ß¡’øÕ ‡øµ‡®◊ÕªπÕ¬Ÿà„π √–¥—∫ ŸßµË”¢Õß·¢πµ—¥¥â“π„π¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß
µ¥— À≠â“ À√◊Õ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡°∫Á ‡°¬’Ë «∏≠— æ◊™
N µ–°Õπ¥ß— °≈“à « 6-8 %P O ) hinged cutterbar „∫¡’¥µ—¥·∫∫·∂«™π‘¥
25 æ∫— ‰¥â
O high grading °“√∑”‰¡â·∫∫‡øÑπµ—¥* (S. hinge pin  ≈°— ∫“πæ—∫
hippocrepiform √Ÿª‡°Õ◊ °¡“â
P selective cutting) hirsute ¡’¢π§àÕπ¢â“ßÀ¬“∫
hirtellous ¡’¢πÕÕà πÊ
Q high-headed §«“¡¬“«¢Õß≈”µâπ®“°º‘«¥‘π hispid ‡µ¡Á ‰ª¥«â ¬¢π·¢ßÁ Ê

R ∂ß÷ °‘Ëß·√°∑¬Ë’ “« 4 øµÿ À√Õ◊ ¡“°°«à“ («π.)

S high humidity treatment «‘∏’°“√„Àâ
T
U §«“¡™◊Èπ Ÿß*

V highland ∫√‘‡«≥∑’√Ë “∫ ßŸ , ‡¢µ∑Ë’ ßŸ , ‡¢µ¿‡Ÿ ¢“

W high lead °“√™—°≈“°·∫∫¬°À—«´ÿß

X high lead (cable) logging °“√™—°≈“°°Ë÷ß

Y ≈Õ¬øÑ“* (S. cable logging, powered)

Z high magnesic liming materials « — ¥ªÿ πŸ

·¡°π‡’ ´Ë¬’ ¡‡°√¥ ßŸ histic horizon ™πÈ— ¥‘πÕπ‘ ∑√’¬å

high pressure injection °“√Õ—¥©’¥ªÜ¬ÿ ¥â«¬ histogen √–∫∫‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬◊ËÕ∫√‘‡«≥ à«π¬Õ¥À√◊Õ

·√ß¥π—  ßŸ (ª∞.) ª≈“¬√“°

high-stumped budling °Ë‘ß∑Ë’‰¥â®“°°“√ histology ¡≠‘ ™«‘∑¬“, ®ÿ≈ —≥∞“π«∑‘ ¬“, «‘™“∑Ë’

µ‘¥µ“·≈–ª≈àÕ¬„À⇮√‘≠„π‡√◊Õπ‡æ“–™” «à“¥â«¬°“√»÷°…“‡°Ë’¬«°—∫‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬Ë◊ÕÀ√◊Õ

3-4 ªï  Ÿßª√–¡“≥ 3-3.5 ‡¡µ√ ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß®≈ÿ ‘π∑√’¬å

high terrace µ–æ°— ≈”πÈ”√–¥∫—  ßŸ hitch Õÿª°√≥°å “√≈“°* („™°â ∫— √∂·∑√°‡µÕ√)å ,

high topping °“√µ¥— ¬Õ¥√“π°ßË‘ * ‡§√ÕË◊ ߇æË¡‘ πÈ”Àπ°— ≈âÕ, æà«ß

high wheels ≈Õâ ≈“°‰¡*â (S. logging wheels) hoary ª°§≈¡ÿ ¥«â ¬¢π¢“«Ê

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

149

hock ¢Õâ ‡¢“à , ¢“À≈ß— ¢Õß µ— «µå √ߢ“â ¡°∫— À«— ‡¢“à √Õâ π„π °ÿ≈ Physalis angulata, L.) A
B
¢Õߢ“Àπâ“ hoist 1. ªπôí ®πË— ( “¡¢“), √Õ° “¡¢“ 2.  –æ“π C
D
hoe ®Õ∫, ‡ ’¬¡, ∑˵’ —°¥π‘ ´ßÿ * (S. log haul-up) E
F
hoe, to ¢¥ÿ ¥π‘ ¥â«¬®Õ∫ holandric ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë∂“à ¬∑Õ¥®“°æÕà ‰ª ≈àŸ °Ÿ ∑Ë’ G
H
hoe, adze ®Õ∫ºË÷ß ¡’‡æ»ºŸâ ≈—°…≥–πÈ—π¡—°∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡‚¥¬¬’π I
J
hoe, canterbury  “¡ßà“¡¢¥ÿ ¥π‘ ∑Ë¡’ ’µ”·Àπßà Õ¬àŸ∫π y-chromosome K
L
hoe, grub ®Õ∫¢ÿ¥ hold ·°π* M
N
hoe, hazel ¥Ÿ hoe, grub holding ground Õ‡àŸ °∫Á ‰¡â* O
P
hoe, kaffir ®Õ∫∂“° hold over ™–ß°— (°“√‡®√≠‘ ¢Õß µ— «Àå √Õ◊ ·¡≈ß) Q
R
hoe, rotary æ√«πÀ¡ÿπ hole, bore √Ÿ·¡≈ß* (S. hole, insect) S
T
hoe, stevenson ®Õ∫§√“¥ hole, cone √Ÿ‡°¥‘ ®“°≈°Ÿ  π* U
V
hoeing °“√≈ß®Õ∫, °“√∂“ß, °“√æ≈°‘ ¥π‘ ¥«â ¬ hole, emergence √ŸÕÕ°* W
X
®Õ∫ hole, hyphal √‡Ÿ °¥‘ ®“°‡À¥Á √“* Y
Z
hoeing, weed °“√∂“ßÀ≠“â À√◊Õ«™— æ™◊ hole, insect √·Ÿ ¡≈ß* (S. hole, bore)

hog 1.  ÿ°√, À¡Ÿ („π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“À¡“¬∂÷ß hole, ventilation √√Ÿ –∫“¬*

 °ÿ √∑’Ë¡’π”È Àπ—° 50 °°. ¢÷πÈ ‰ª) 2. ‡§√Ë◊Õß holing °“√¢ÿ¥À≈¡ÿ

 —∫‰¡â, ‡§√Ë◊Õß —∫À¬“∫* (S. hogger, holing block ‰¡Õâ ÿ¥* (S. nog)

edging grinder) hollow-backed saw ‡≈◊ËÕ¬À≈ß— ·Õπà *

hog, to  ∫— ,  ∫— À¬“∫* hollow-horning √Õ¬√â“«, √Õ¬ª√‘·∫∫√ß— ºßÈ÷ *

hog deer °«“ß hollow knot µ“ (‰¡)â °≈«ß*

hog-back (‰¡âÀ¡Õπ)´’°*, ‰¡âÀ¡Õπ´’°∂“° hollow stem º—°ª¡ÿÉ ª≈“, º°— ªÕ¥π“, º—°æ√°‘

À≈ß— (¥Ÿ goose weed)

hog-fish À¡Ÿ∑–‡≈ holt ·°π*

hog fuel ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ≈ß‘ ‰¡â ∫— holy basil °–‡æ√“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Ocimum

hog gaster À¡ÕŸ “¬ÿ 3 ªï, ≈°Ÿ ·°– sanctum, L.)

hogger ‡§√◊ÕË ß ∫— À¬“∫ home gardening °“√∑” «πÀ≈ß— ∫â“π

hoggery ≈“π‡≈¬’È ßÀ¡Ÿ homegrown æπ◊È ‡¡◊Õß, æ◊™∑’˪≈°Ÿ ‰«â„π∫√‡‘ «≥

hoggish µ–°≈–,  °ª√°, ‡À¡◊ÕπÀ¡Ÿ ∫“â π‡æÕË◊ „™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√

hogherd §π‡≈¬È’ ßÀ¡Ÿ homestead 1. ø“√å¡´÷Ëß√«¡∫â“πæ—°·≈– ‘Ëß

hog plum ¡–°Õ°, ¡–°Õ°‰∑¬, ¡–°Õ°∫° ª≈Ÿ° √â“ß¿“¬„πø“√¡å 2. ∑’Ë¥‘π∑’√Ë ∞— ®—¥„Àâ

(µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Spondias pinnata, Kurz.) ‡°…µ√°√„™â∑”ø“√¡å ¥â«¬µπ‡Õß

hog weed º—°‚¢¡À‘π, ‚∑߇∑ß («—™æ◊™‡¢µ homo- §≈⓬°π— , Õ¬“à ߇¥¬’ «°—π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 150

A homochlamydeous °≈’∫¥Õ°·≈–°≈’∫√Õß∑Ë’ homozygous °“√∑’ˬ’π‡À¡◊Õπ°—π¡“®—∫§Ÿà°—π
(æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«åÕ“®®–‡ªìπ homologous
B ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬°—π®π·¬°‰¡àÕÕ° ∫“ß∑’  ”À√—∫¬’π§àŸ„¥§ŸÀà π÷ËßÀ√Õ◊ À≈“¬Ê §Ÿ°à Á‰¥)â

C ‡√¬’ ° çtepalé hone 1. ≈—∫(„∫¡’¥) 2. §«â“π 3. À‘πÀ√◊Õ
D ‚≈À–∑Ë’„™â≈—∫„∫¡¥’
E homoclinal ridge ‡¢“‰À≈à‡√¬’ ∫
honing °“√§«“â π°√–∫Õ° Ÿ∫
F homogamy Õ∫— ´÷Ëß¡’Õ«¬— «–‡°Á∫‡° √µ«— ºŸâ·≈– honey π”È ºß÷È
G °â“π‡° √∑·’Ë °àµ«— æ√Õâ ¡Ê °—π honey-bag ∂ÿ߇°∫Á πÈ”À«“π¢Õßµ—«ºÈ÷ß
honeycomb √«ßºÈß÷
H homogeneity population ¥Ÿ population, ho- honeycomb check √Õ¬ª√·‘ ∫∫√ß— ºßÈ÷ *
honeycombing √Õ¬ª√‘·∫∫√—ߺ÷Èß* (S.
I mogeneity
hollow-horning, collapse check,
J homogeneous ‡Õ°æπ— ∏,ÿå ‡ªπì ‡πÕ◊È ‡¥¬’ «°π— , ‡ªπì internal check)
honeycomb rot °“√ºÿ·∫∫√ß— ºÈ÷ß*
K Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ honey-eater  µ— «∑å °’Ë ‘ππ”È ºßÈ÷
L honeyed : honied À«“πª“ππ”È ºß÷È , ¡π’ ”È ºßÈ÷ ‡¬¡È‘
M homogeneous ray √—»¡’‡Õ°æπ— ∏ÿå* honey flower º°— À«“π (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Sauropus
sp.)
N homoginise ∑”„À‡â ªπì ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥¬’ «°—π honey fungus ‡À¥Á √“√—ߺßÈ÷ *
O homoginization °“√∑”„À⇪ìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥’¬«°—π, honey sucker π°°‘ππ”È ºß÷È
Honolulu creeper æ«ß™¡æ,Ÿ æ«ß𓧠(‰¡â
P ¢∫«π°“√∑”„À⇡Á¥‰¢¡—π·µ°µ—«ÕÕ°‡ªìπ ª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ Antipogon leptopus,
Hook & Arn.)
Q ‡¡Á¥‡≈Á°Ê (‡≈Á°°«à“ 1 ‰¡§√Õπ ´÷Ë߇≈Á°

R °«“à ‰¢¡—ππ¡∑Ë¡’ Õ’ ¬Ÿà„ππ”È π¡‚§)

S homolog ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑‡’Ë À¡Õ◊ π°π—
T
U homologous °”‡π‘¥§≈⓬°π—

V homologous chromosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑Ë’‡¢â“
W ®∫— §°àŸ π— „π√–À«“à ß°“√·∫ßà µ«— ·∫∫meiosis,

X ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑ªË’ √“°Ø‡ªπì §°àŸ π— , ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑Ë’

Y ¡≈’ —°…≥–‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— 2 µ—« ·µ≈à –µ—«¡¬’ ’π

Z ‡À¡Õ◊ πÊ °—π

homonym °“√∑æ’Ë ™◊ µ“à ß™π¥‘ °π— ¡™’ ÕË◊ ‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— hoof °∫’ , ‡≈Á∫‡∑“â  µ— «åæ«°°‘πÀ≠“â ‡™àπ «—«,

homosporous º≈‘µ ªÕ√剥â™π‘¥‡¥’¬« ‡™àπ ¡“â œ≈œ)

ÕÕ ¡—π¥“â hook ¡¡ÿ Àπ“â §¡øπí ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬*, ¡¡ÿ Àπ“â §¡„∫¡¥’ *

homozygosity  ¿“æ∑’ˬ’π´Ë÷߇À¡◊Õπ°—π¡“®—∫ («π.)

§à°Ÿ —π hook, bill ¡¥’ ¢Õ, æ√“â ¢Õ

homozygote º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√º ¡¢Õ߇™È◊Õ hook, brush ¡¥’ À«¥, æ√â“À«¥, æ√â“¢«“π*

‡æ»∑Ë’‡À¡◊Õπ°—π 2 µ—« ·µà≈–µ—«¡’¬’π hook, butt ¢Õ‡°’¬Ë «√Õ°, ¢Õª≈“¬ “¬√—¥´ÿß*

‡À¡◊ÕπÊ °—π, genotype ∑’Ë¡’ alleles hook, choker Àà«ß≈“°´ßÿ , ¢Õ “¬√¥— ´ßÿ *

‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— ‡™πà AA À√Õ◊ aa hook, pulp ¢Õ¡◊Õ*, ¢Õ¬°¡¥— ‰¡â

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

151

hoof, single ‡∫¥Á ‡¥’¬Ë « Õ“°“»·π«√–¥—∫ A
B
hook, swamp ¢Õª≈“¬‚´*à horizon flow °“√‰À≈´÷¡µ“¡·π«√–¥∫— C
D
hook spit ·À≈¡∑√“¬®ßÕ¬ horizon resistance §«“¡µ“â π∑“π‰¡à®”‡æ“– E
F
hooks, multiple ‡∫Á¥æ«ß (¥Ÿ resistance, horizon) G
H
hooks, skidding ¢Õ®∫— ´ÿß*, §’¡®∫— ´ÿß horizon shear °“√‡©◊Õπµ“¡·π«πÕπ* I
J
hook tender À«— Àπ“â §π‡°’Ë¬«¢Õ* hormone 1. ŒÕ√å‚¡π 2.  “√ª√–°Õ∫Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å K
L
hoopoe π°°–√“ßÀ«— ¢«“π (π°„π °≈ÿ Upupa πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™∑Ë’∂Ÿ°º≈‘µ¢÷Èπ M
N
epops) ¿“¬„πæ◊™ ∂â“¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫µ”Ë ®–∫—ߧ—∫ O
P
hoop pine  πÀπ“¡ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ (regulate) °√–∫«π°“√∑“ß √’√–¢Õßæ◊™ Q
R
Arancaria excelsa, R. Br.) 3.  “√∑Ë’∂Ÿ°¢—∫®“°µàÕ¡‰√â∑àÕ≈ß Ÿà°√–·  S
T
hoorah grass À𫥪≈“¥ÿ° [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π ‡≈◊Õ¥„πª√‘¡“≥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·µà “¡“√∂‡√àß U
V
„π °≈ÿ Fimbristylis annua, (All) R.& ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“À√◊Õ∫—ߧ—∫§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß W
X
S.] (¥Ÿ fimbristylis) Õ«—¬«–‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‰¥â Y
Z
hopper 1. ·¡≈ß°√–‚¥¥ (‡™πà µ—°Í ·µπ) 2. horn ®¥ÿ ª≈“¬¢Õß∑—ßË (∑’Ë„™µâ ¢’ πÈ÷ √ªŸ ‚≈À–√âÕπ)

∂—ßæ—°, ¿“™π– ”À√—∫„™â∫√√®ÿ·≈–∂à“¬‡∑ hornbill π°‡ß◊Õ°

«—µ∂ÿ (‡™πà ∏≠— æ◊™ ªÜÿ¬ À√Õ◊ ∂à“πÀ‘π) 3. hornbill, black π°‡ß◊Õ°¥”, π°°“‡¢“ (π°

∂ß— („ à‡¡≈Á¥æπ— ∏åÿ ª¬Üÿ  “√‡§¡’) ∑µË’ ¥‘ Õ¬Ÿà „π °≈ÿ Anthracoceros malayanus)

°∫— ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß®—°√°≈‡°…µ√ hornbill, great π°°“Œß— , π°°°, π°°–«– (π°

hopper, dust ∂—ß∫√√®ÿΩπÿÉ „π °ÿ≈ Buceros bicornis)

hopper, seed ∂—ß∫√√®‡ÿ ¡≈¥Á æπ— ∏∑åÿ ¡Ë’ ’ «à π≈“à ß hornbill, pied π°·°ß, π°·°ä° (π°„π °ÿ≈

¢Õß∂—ߧ≈⓬°√«¬‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ∑“ßÕÕ°¢Õß Anthracoceros albirostris)

‡¡≈¥Á horntails ·µπ‰¡â* (S. wood wasp)

hopper bottom bin ¥Ÿ hopper, seed horsepower, brake °”≈ß— ¡â“®√ß‘

hopper cut off Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™â„π°“√™Ë—ß·≈– horsepower, rated °”≈ß— ¡â“µàÕ‡πÕË◊ ß

∫—π∑÷°π”È Àπ—°‡¡≈Á¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßπ«¥´÷Ëß®– horse purslane º—°‡∫È’¬Àπ‘ («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√âÕπ„π

ªî¥∑“ßÕÕ°¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥âπ”È Àπ—°∑Ë’  °ÿ≈ Trianthema portulacastrum, L.)

µâÕß°“√ horse-radish tree ¡–√ÿ¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

horizon, soil ™—Èπ¥‘π, ™«à ߙȗπ¥‘π, ™È—π¢Õߥ‘π∑Ë’ Moringa oleifera, Lamk.)

‡°◊Õ∫®–¢π“π°—∫æÈ◊πº‘«¥‘𠥑π·µà≈–™È—π horse-tamarind °√–∂‘π (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈

¡—°¡’≈—°…≥–µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥ Leucaena glauca, Benth.)

‡πËÕ◊ ß®“°«µ— ∂ÿ„Àâ°”‡π‘¥¥π‘ horticultural variety æπ— ∏‡åÿ ≈’Ȭß

horizontal aerial photograph √ªŸ ∂“à ¬∑“ß horticulture «‘™“æ™◊  «π, «‘™“°“√∑” «π

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 152

A hose ∑àÕπÈ” (∑”¥«â ¬¬“ß æ≈“ µ‘° À√◊Õº“â „∫ house plant µâπ‰¡â„π‡√Õ◊ π
housing ∑∫Ë’ √√®µÿ «— ∂ß—
B °Á‰¥)â hoya º°“·°«â (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °≈ÿ Hoya spp.)
H.T.S.T : high temperature short time
C hose, to „™â “¬¬“ß√¥π”È
D °√–∫«π°“√„™â§«“¡√Õâ π Ÿß„π‡«≈“Õπ—  È—π
E hose, rubber  “¬¬“ß, ∑àÕÕÕà π∑∑’Ë ”¥«â ¬¬“ß hub ¥¡ÿ ≈Õâ
hub, disc coulter ¥¡ÿ ¢Õß®“πµ—¥¥π‘
F ∏√√¡™“µ‘ hub cap Ω“ªî¥¥¡ÿ ≈Õâ
G hose clip µ—«Àπ’∫, ª≈Õ°√—¥∑àÕ hull ‡ª≈◊Õ°, °≈∫’ ¢—È«(º≈‰¡â),  à«π∑’ÀË â¡ÿ ‡¡≈Á¥

H hose pipe  “¬¬“ß, ∑àÕÕÕà π À√Õ◊ º≈ ‡™πà ‡ª≈Õ◊ ° (‡¡≈¥Á ) ¢“â « (S. shell,
husk)
I host æ“À–, µ«— „ÀâÕ“»—¬, ºŸâ∂°Ÿ ‡∫¬’ π, æ™◊ À√Õ◊ hull, to ‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°®“°‡¡≈Á¥,  ’ (¢“â «),
ª≈‘¥¢È—«(º≈‰¡â)
J  —µ«å∑’ˇªìπ ◊ËÕπ”‚√§ [æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«å´÷Ë߇ªìπ huller 1. ‡§√◊ÕË ßª≈‘¥¢—È« 2. ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß𫥇¡≈Á¥
À≠â“ 3. ‡§√Ë◊Õß°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ°∏—≠æ◊™
K ∑Ë’Õ“»—¬¢Õßµ«— ‡∫’¬π (parasite) ‡™àπ ‚√§ humid ™à¡ÿ ™◊πÈ , ·À≈àß∑’¡Ë Ω’ πµ°™°ÿ ¡Õ’ µ— √“°“√
L √–‡À¬¢ÕßπÈ”πâÕ¬
M ·≈–欓∏µ‘ à“ßÊ] humid climate  ¿“æ≈¡øÑ“Õ“°“»∑¡Ë’ ’πÈ”Ωπ
À√◊Õ§«“¡™È◊π‡æ’¬ßæÕ·°à°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ
N host, alternate º∂⟠°Ÿ ‡∫¬’ π ”√Õß ¢Õßæ◊™ (humid regions ¢Õß
O host, differential °≈à¡ÿ ¢Õßæ™◊ ´Ë÷ß·µà≈–µπâ ¡’  À√∞— Õ‡¡√°‘ “¡°— ®–¡π’ È”Ωπ¡“°°«“à 30-40
πÈ‘«  ¿“æÕ“°“»‡™àππ’ÈÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß
P ¬’π ”À√—∫µâ“π∑“π‚√§µâπ≈–µ—«∑’Ë·µ° Õ“°“»¡—°‰¡§à Õà ¬ ßŸ )

Q µà“ß°—π

R host-alternate ºŸ∂â Ÿ°‡∫’¬π ≈—∫

S hot-and-cold bath treatment «‘∏’°“√µâ¡
T
U ·≈«â ·™πà È”¬“‡¬πÁ *

V hot deck À¡Õπ‰¡â™Ë—«§√“«*, ∑àÕ°* (¿“…“
W æÈπ◊ ‡¡◊Õß „™â„π°“√™—°≈“°‰¡â¥«â ¬™“â ß)

X hot logging °“√∑”‰¡¥â à«π*

Y hot-mix plant ‚√ßß“πº ¡ª¬Üÿ ·∫∫√Õâ π (ª∞.)

Z hot press ‡§√ÕË◊ ßÕ¥— √Õâ π*

hot-setting Õ—¥√Õâ π (°“«) humidification °“√∑”„À™â πÈ◊

hot-setting adhesive : hot-setting glue °“« humidifier ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√—∫§«“¡™◊Èπ* (S.

Õ¥— √âÕπ* reconditioner)

hot skidway ∑Ë¢’ È÷π≈ß´ÿß™—Ë«§√“«* humidify ∑”„À™â Èπ◊

hot-spotting (fire) °“√µ√«®®ÿ¥∑’ˉø·√ß humidity §«“¡™π◊È „πÕ“°“»

hot-water treatment °“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬„™âπÈ” humidity, absolute §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡∫√Ÿ ≥*å

√Õâ π∑¡’Ë Õ’ ≥ÿ À¿¡Ÿ ‘ 100-120 FÌ π“π 20 π“∑’ humidity, relative §«“¡™Èπ◊  —¡æ—∑∏å*

house ∫√√®ÿ humidity treatment, high «‘∏’°“√„Àâ

house longhorn beetle ¥«â ßÀ𫥬“«∫â“π* §«“¡™πÈ◊  Ÿß*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

153

humid-zone fruits ‰¡âº≈∑Ë’µÕâ ß°“√§«“¡™πÈ◊ hybrid vigor : hybrid vigour §«“¡·¢ßÁ ·°√ßà A
B
„πÕ“°“» ßŸ ‡æÕ◊Ë °“√‡®√≠‘ ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ ‡™πà ‡ß“– æπ— ∑“ß, ‡¥πà º“à ‡À≈“à (¥Ÿ heterosis) C
D
∑‡ÿ √¬’ π ¡ß— §¥ÿ ‡ªìπµπâ hydathode °“√º ¡¢“â ¡æπ— ∏,åÿ °“√∑”≈°Ÿ º ¡, E
F
humification °“√‡°‘¥Œ‘«¡— , °“√ ≈“¬µ—« ¢∫«π°“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå√–À«à“ß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µµà“ß G
‡ªìπ¢ÿ¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å, ¢∫«π°“√∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ æ—π∏åÿ H
 ≈“¬µ—«¢ÕßÕπ‘ ∑√¬’ «—µ∂ÿ hydraulic barking °“√≈Õ°‡ª≈Õ◊ °¥«â ¬°”≈ß— I
π”È * J
hump µ–‚Àß° (°âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕ·≈–‰¢¡—π∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà∫π hydraulic conductivity  ¿“æπ”π”È , K
‰À≈¢à Õß««— ‰∑¬À√Õ◊ «—«æ—π∏Õÿå π‘ ‡¥’¬)  —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï°“√´÷¡π”È ¢Õߥ‘π„π¢≥–∑Ë’¥‘π L
ÕË‘¡µ—«À√Õ◊ ‰¡àÕË‘¡µ—«¥«â ¬πÈ” (ª∞.) M
humus (∑∫— »—æ∑å), ¢¬ÿ Õ‘π∑√’¬å, Õ‘π∑√¬’ «—µ∂ÿ∑Ë’ hydraulic diffusivity  ¿“æ·æ√πà È”* N
 ≈“¬µ«— Õ¬à“ß ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å·≈«â hydraulic gradient ≈“¥™≈»“ µ√å* O
hydraulic head ·√ߢ∫— ™≈»“ µ√å* P
husbandry °“√ªØ∫‘ µ— ¥‘ ·Ÿ ≈√°— …“(æ™◊ À√Õ◊  µ— «)å , hydraulic press ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ¥— ‰Œ‚¥√≈°‘ * Q
°“√∑”ø“√¡å hydrocooling °“√≈¥§«“¡√âÕπ„πº≈º≈‘µ R
‚¥¬„™âπÈ”‡¬Áπ S
husk 1. ·°≈∫, ‡ª≈Õ◊ °·¢ÁߢÕߺ≈‰¡,â  «à π∑Ë’ hydrodynamic dispersion °“√°√–®“¬‡™‘ß T
À¡âÿ º≈‰¡Àâ √Õ◊ º°— ‡™πà °“∫¡–æ√“â «, ‡ª≈Õ◊ ° Õÿ∑°æ≈«µ— * U
À¡ÿâ Ω°í ¢“â «‚æ¥ ‡ªπì µπâ 2. ‚§√ß·∑πà ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬* hydrodynamic pressure §«“¡¥—πÕÿ∑° V
(«π.) æ≈«—µ* W
hydrodynamics Õÿ∑°æ≈»“ µ√å* X
h⁄ usk, to ªÕ°‡ª≈◊Õ°, ‡Õ“‡ª≈Õ◊ °ÕÕ°®“°º≈ hydrogenation °“√‡µ‘¡‰Œ‚¥√‡®π„ππ”È ¡—π Y
À√Õ◊ Ωí°,  ’ (¢â“«) (∑”„À⇰‘¥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘Ë¡µ—«·≈–∑”„Àâ Z
®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«¢Õ߉¢¡π—  ßŸ ¢÷Èπ)
husker ‡§√Ë◊Õß°–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ° hydrologic cycle «Ø— ®°— √¢ÕßπÈ”, Õÿ∑°«—Ø®°— √
husker, rice ‡§√Ë◊Õß ¢’ “â « hydrology Õÿ∑°«‘∑¬“*
hyacinth bean ∂«Ë— ·ª∫ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Dolichos hydrolysis °“√·¬° ≈“¬¥«â ¬πÈ”
hydrometer ¡“µ√§«“¡Àπ“·ππà ¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«,
lablab, L.) ‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊  ”À√∫— «¥— §«“¡∂«à ß®”‡æ“–¢ÕßÊ
hyaline ‚ª√àß· ß ‚ª√ßà µ“
hybrid ≈Ÿ°º ¡, æ—π∏åÿº ¡, æπ— ∑“ß, ≈°Ÿ ∑‡’Ë °‘¥

®“°æàÕ·¡à∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡Õ¬à“ß
ÀπË÷ßÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“‰¡‡à À¡◊Õπ°—π
hybrid, numerical ≈Ÿ°º ¡∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√º ¡
√–À«“à ßæÕà ·¡∑à ¡Ë’ ®’ ”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡µ“à ß°π—
hybridization °“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ√–À«à“ßæ◊™´Ë÷ß¡’
æÈ◊π∞“π∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡µà“ß°—𠇪ìπ«‘∏’°“√

ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏åÿ‚¥¬°“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ ‡À≈«

°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡¢Õß¬π’ ¢÷Èπ„À¡à hydrophilic ™Õ∫π”È

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 154

A hydrophilous Õ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ„ππ”È ®◊¥À√◊Õ„π∑Ë’™È◊π, π”È ∑’ˇ°“–·πàπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫Õπÿ¿“§¥‘π æ◊™‰¡à
 “¡“√∂𔉪„™ªâ √–‚¬™π剥â
B (´Ë÷ß) ™Õ∫π”È hygrothermograph ‡§√◊ËÕß∫—π∑÷°§«“¡™◊Èπ
·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
C hydrophobic ‰¡à™Õ∫πÈ” hypanthium °≈’∫¥Õ°·≈–°≈’∫√Õß, ∞“π
D ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–¢¬“¬„À≠à§≈⓬√Ÿª∂⫬
E hydrophyte æ◊™™Õ∫π”È , æ◊™∑Ë’ª√—∫µ—«‡Õß„Àâ ∫π¢Õ∫‡ªìπ∑ˇ’ °‘¥‡° √µ«— ºŸâ
hyperparasite µ—«‡∫’¬π´âÕπ
F ‡¢â“°—∫ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑Ë’‡ªï¬°™◊Èπ À√◊Õ hypha ‡ πâ „¬ (‡™È◊Õ√“)
G  “¡“√∂Õ¬àŸ„µâπÈ”‚¥¬¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ hypha hole √Ÿ‡°‘¥®“°‡À¥Á √“
hypocotyl  «à π¢Õߧ—æ¿–À√Õ◊ µâπ°≈“â ∑Õ’Ë ¬Ÿà„µâ
H ‡ªπì ª√°µ‰‘ ¥â „∫‡≈È’¬ß≈߉ª [‡ªìπ à«π∑’Ë„Àâ°”‡π‘¥√“°
(radicle)]
I hydroponics «‘™“°“√‡°Ë’¬«°—∫°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™„π hypocotyl-root axis ·°π∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß à«π
¢Õß§æ— ¿–À√Õ◊ µπâ °≈“â ∑Õ’Ë ¬Ÿà„µâ„∫‡≈¬’È ß≈߉ª
J µ«— °≈“ß∑’ˇªìππÈ”·≈–¡Õ’ “À“√æ™◊ Õ¬,àŸ °“√ (hypocotyl) ·≈–√“°
hypocrateriform ¥Ÿ salverform
K ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ „π “√≈–≈“¬´ßË÷ ¡’∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊ hypodermis ™—πÈ ¢Õ߇πÕ◊È ‡¬Ë◊Õ∑ˇ’ °¥‘ Õ¬àŸ„µâ‡´≈≈å
L º‘« (epidermis) ‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈å∑’˙૬
M hydrosphere Õ∑ÿ °¿“§ æ¬ßÿ °≈¡ÿà ‡´≈≈庫‘
hypoglycemia ‚√§À√◊ÕÕ“°“√∑Ë’ —µ«å¡’πÈ”µ“≈
N hydrostatic ™≈ ∂‘µ¬,å  ¿“«–π”È πßË‘ „π‡≈◊Õ¥µË”°«à“ª√°µ‘
O hydrostatic head §«“¡¥—π¢Õßπ”È ∑Ë’®¥ÿ π‘Ëß„¥Ê hypogynous´ß÷Ë ‡°¥‘ „µ√â ß— ‰¢Àà √Õ◊ ∫π∞“π√Õߥհ

P hydrous ¡’π”È

Q hygrograph ‡§√◊ÕË ß∫—π∑÷°§«“¡™Èπ◊

R hygrometer ‡§√ÕË◊ ß«¥— §«“¡™π◊È „πÕ“°“», ¡“µ√

S §«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ∑— ∏å
T
U hygrophilous ´÷Ëß™Õ∫∑Ë’™π◊È

V hygrophyte æ◊™™Õ∫∑’Ë™◊πÈ
W hygroscopic ¥Ÿ¥§«“¡™È◊π®“°Õ“°“»‰¥â, ´÷Ëß

X ∂“à ¬‡∑§«“¡™π◊È ‰¥â

Y hygroscopic equilibrium  ¿“æ ¡¥ÿ≈

Z §«“¡™◊πÈ ¢Õß« — ¥ÿ

hygroscopic fertilizer ª¬ÿÜ ™◊πÈ ß“à ¬ „™°â —∫¥Õ°‰¡â∑Ë¡’ °’ ≈’∫√Õß °≈∫’ ¥Õ° ‡° √

hygroscopicity °“√¥Ÿ¥§«“¡™È◊𠵫— ºŸâ ‡°‘¥Õ¬Ÿµà Ë”°«“à √–¥∫— √ß— ‰¢à

hygroscopic material « — ¥∑ÿ ’ÕË “®¥Ÿ¥´∫— À√Õ◊ hypophysis ‡´≈≈åÕ—π∫π ÿ¥¢Õß suspensor

∂“à ¬‡∑§«“¡™Èπ◊ ‰¥â ‡ªìπ∑’ˇ°¥‘ ¢Õß√“°·≈–À¡«°√“°

hygroscopic point ®¥ÿ æ°‘ —¥¥¥Ÿ §«“¡™πÈ◊ hypothalamus Õ«—¬«– à«πÀπË÷ߢÕß√–∫∫

hygroscopic substance  “√¥Ÿ¥§«“¡™◊Èπ ª√– “∑ à«π°≈“ß„π ¡Õß ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å

( “√∑¡Ë’  ’ ¡∫µ— ¥‘ ¥Ÿ §«“¡™πÈ◊ ®“°Õ“°“»‰¥ßâ “à ¬ §«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡À‘«°√–À“¬ °“√ª√—∫

‡™àπ CaCl ·≈– ZnCl ) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘√âÕπ-Àπ“« ·≈–°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß
22 ŒÕ√å‚¡π∫“ß™π‘¥

hygroscopic water π”È ‡¬ËÕ◊ , πÈ”∑’¥Ë π‘ ¥¥Ÿ ´—∫‰«â,

hypothetical profile ™—Èπ¥π‘ ∑“ß∑ƒ…Ø’ æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ A
hysteresis §«“¡‰¡à´”È √Õ¬ B
155 C
D
hysteria (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ‚√§∑Ë’‡°‘¥°—∫√–∫∫ E
ª√– “∑·≈–®‘µ„® ∑”„Àâ —µ«å°√–«π F
°√–«“¬ øÑÿß´“à π ·≈–µËπ◊ ‡µâπº¥‘ ª√°µ‘ G
H
I I
J
I , I ... etc.  —≠≈—°…≥å· ¥ß°“√º ¡ ™–≈â“ßÀ√◊Õ∑’Ë≈Õ¬µ—«®—∫µ—«Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡∑“ß∑Ë’ K
12 ¡—π∂Ÿ°æ“‰ª ‡™àπ µ–°Õπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°πȔ日¡“ L
√–À«à“߇§√◊Õ≠“µ‘„π™—Ë«∑Ë’ÀπË÷ß  Õß ·≈– µ‘¥Õ¬µàŸ “¡ΩòíßÀ√Õ◊ ∑’≈Ë àÿ¡ M
ÕËπ◊ Ê (æ∏.) imago µ—«·°à (°Ø’ .) N
imbibition °“√´÷¡¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«·≈–°“´‡¢â“‰ª O
i.b. : inside bark µ.ª. („µâ‡ª≈Õ◊ °) „π‡´≈≈å P
ibis π°°≈ÿ “, π°™âÕπÀÕ¬ imbricated ´âÕπ‡À≈◊ËÕ¡*, ‡√¬’ ß´Õâ π°π— ·∫∫ Q
ichthyology ¡π’ «∑‘ ¬“ °√–‡∫ÕÈ◊ ß¡ßÿ À≈ß— §“ R
ideal plant æ™◊ ´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–∑˵’ Õâ ß°“√ imitation °“√∑”‡∑¬’ ¡ S
identification°“√√–∫™ÿ Õ◊Ë ¢Õßæ™◊ ·≈– µ— «µå “à ßÊ immature (æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«å) ÕàÕπ, ¬—߉¡à‡®√‘≠ T
idler 1. ‡øÕó ߙ૬ 2. √Õ°À√◊Õ≈Õâ  “¬æ“π∑Ë’ ‡µ¡Á ∑’Ë U
immature grasses À≠“â ∑¬’Ë ß— ÕÕà π (¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥ V
™«à ¬√—∫πÈ”Àπ°— ∑”„À â “¬æ“πµ÷ß ‚ª√µ’π·≈–‰«µ“¡‘π ßŸ ß“à ¬·°°à “√¬àÕ¬) W
igneous rock À‘πÕ§— π*’ , Àπ‘ ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ®“°°“√‡¬Áπ immature soil ¥π‘ ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ „À¡¬à ß— ‡®√≠‘ ‰¡ à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å X
immaturity §«“¡‡®√≠‘ ¬ß— ‰¡‡à µ¡Á ∑Ë’ Y
≈ߢÕß·√à∑Ë≈’ –≈“¬‡æ√“–§«“¡√Õâ π immobilization 1. °“√¬÷¥, °“√®—∫, °“√µ√÷ß Z
ignition °“√µ‘¥‰ø, °“√®ÿ¥‰ø „ÀâÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∑’Ë 2. ¢∫«π°“√∑’Ë®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å
ignition temperature : ignition point ®ÿ¥ ‡ª≈’ˬπ∏“µÿÕ“À“√®“°Õπ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ‰ª
‡ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ ‡æË◊Õ„™â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
µ¥‘ ‰ø* ‡´≈≈å∑”„Àªâ √–‚¬™πå∑æ’Ë ™◊ ®–‰¥â√—∫®“°∏“µÿ
ilang-ilang °√–¥—ßß“‰∑¬ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Õ“À“√ππÈ— Ê ≈¥≈߉ª
immune ¡¿’ ¡Ÿ §‘ ¡ÿâ °π— ‚√§, ¡§’ «“¡µâ“π∑“π¥’
Canagium odoratum, Baill.) immunity ¿Ÿ¡‘§âÿ¡°—π‚√§, §«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ
ileum ≈”‰ â‡≈°Á µÕπª≈“¬ ‚√§„¥‚√§ÀπßË÷ ‰¥√â Õâ ¬‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå
illegitimate family æ™◊ ∑Ë’‰¥â®“°°“√º ¡µ“¡ immunize ∑”„À¡â ¿’ ¡Ÿ §‘ ¡ÿâ °π— ‚√§, √“â ß¿¡Ÿ §‘ ¡âÿ °π—
immunology «∑‘ ¬“¿¡Ÿ ‘§â¡ÿ °—π
∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‰¡à∑√“∫·À≈àß∑¡Ë’ “¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ
illuminate  àÕß· ß, „Àâ· ß «“à ß
illuvial horizon ™π—È ¥π‘  – ¡*,™π—È  – ¡¢Õß·√à
illuviation 1. °“√ – ¡¢Õß·√à„π™πÈ— ¥π‘ *, °“√

 – ¡¢Õß∏“µÿÀ√◊Õ à«π¢Õߥ‘π„π¥â“π„¥
¥â“πÀπË÷ߢÕ߇π◊ÈÕ¥‘π´Ë÷ß à«π¡“°‰¥â¡“®“°
 à«π∫π¢Õ߇π◊ÈÕ¥‘π 2. °“√∑Ë’«—µ∂ÿ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 156

A impact bending °“√¥—¥°√–·∑°* (°“√ implement operation °“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√
∑”ß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥åæà«ß
B ∑¥ Õ∫°≈ ¡∫µ— ‘)
impreg ‰¡âÕ“∫°“«, ‰¡Õâ ¥— °“«*
C impact load(ing) π”È Àπ—°°√–·∑°* impregnation °“√º ¡ “√ÕπË◊ „πª¬Üÿ ‡§¡’ (ª∞.)
D improve ª√—∫ª√ßÿ , ·°â‰¢„À⥒¢πÈ÷
E impact strength ·√ß°√–·∑°* improvement °“√ª√∫— ª√ßÿ ,  ¿“æÕ—π¥¢’ ÷πÈ
improved wood ‰¡ªâ √∫— ª√ÿߧÿ≥ ¡∫µ— *‘
F impala lily ™«π™¡ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ impulse °√–·∑°
G Adenium coetaneum, Stapf.) inactivation °“√∑”„ÀâÀ¡¥ƒ∑∏Ï‘
inactive ‰¡à¡’ƒ∑∏Ï‘
H imparipinnate „∫º ¡∑¡Ë’ ®’ ”π«π„∫ 2 ¥â“π inarching °“√∑“∫°Ë‘ß, °“√µàÕª√–°—∫, °“√

I ‡∑“à °π— ¢¬“¬æ—π∏åÿ [‚¥¬‰¡·à ¬°¬Õ¥æπ— ∏ÿå (scion)
®“°°ßË‘ ·¡®à π°«“à √Õ¬µÕà ®–‡™ÕË◊ ¡°∫— µπâ µÕ]
J impeded drainage °“√√–∫“¬πÈ”∑µË’ ¥‘ ¢¥— , °“√ inbark ‡ª≈Õ◊ °µ‘¥·∑√°, µ“¡¥ (¢π“¥‡≈Á°),
‡ª≈Õ◊ °Ωíß„π* (S. bark pocket)
K √–∫“¬∂Ÿ°¬—ßÈ inbred line  “¬æπ— ∏·ÿå ∑â (¥Ÿ line, imbred)
L inbreeding °“√º ¡‡≈◊Õ¥™‘¥, °“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå
M impeller ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß°√–µÿπâ , ‡§√ÕË◊ ßæ—¥ ¿“¬„𠓬‡≈Õ◊ ¥‡¥’¬«°—π, √–∫∫°“√º ¡
æπ— ∏∑ÿå ∑Ë’ ”„À¬â π’ ∑‡’Ë À¡Õ◊ π°π— ‡°¥‘ °“√®∫— §°àŸ π—
N impeller blower ‡§√Ë◊Õ߇ªÉ“≈¡∑’Ë„∫æ—¥À¡ÿπ inbreeding depression °“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§«“¡
O π”æ“«— ¥ÿ∑’˺ ¡¡“„πÕ“°“»„π≈—°…≥– ·¢Áß·√߇π◊ËÕß®“°°“√º ¡¿“¬„𠓬
‡≈◊Õ¥‡¥’¬«°—π,  ¿“æ∑Ë’¥âÕ¬≈߇¡Ë◊Õæ◊™
P Àπ’»Ÿπ¬å (‡™à𠇧√Ë◊Õ߇ªÉ“≈¡¢Õß√–∫∫ À√Õ◊  µ— «Õå ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ homozygous

Q ≈”‡≈¬’ ßÀ≠“â ·Àâß —∫‰ª‡°Á∫)

R imperfect flower ¥Õ°‰¡ à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ», ¥Õ°

S ∑Ë’¡’·µà‡° √µ—«ºâŸÀ√◊Õµ—«‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ß
T
U ÀπË÷ß

V imperfection  à«π‰¡ à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å*
W imperfect manufacture µ”Àπ®‘ “°°“√º≈µ‘ *

X impermeable ´¡÷ ºà“π‰¡à‰¥â

Y impervious (πÈ”, · ß) ‰¡Õà “®º“à π‰¥â, ∑∫÷

Z impervious layer (soil) ™πÈ— (¥π‘ )·ππà ∑÷∫

implement 1. ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ°“√‡°…µ√ ‡™πà ‰∂ incipient stage √–¬–‡√¡‘Ë ·√°*

§√“¥ æ≈Ë—« œ≈œ ‡ªìπµâπ 2. Õªÿ °√≥æå «à ß incised ®—°≈°÷ *, ≈—°…≥–‡«â“≈°÷ §≈⓬øíπ‡≈◊ËÕ¬

implement, front-mounted Õÿª°√≥åæà«ß ·µà‰¡‡à ªπì √–‡∫¬’ ∫

¥“â πÀπ“â ·∑√°‡µÕ√å incising °“√ —°*

implement, mounted Õªÿ °√≥æå «à ß·∫∫·¢«π incisor øπí µ—¥

implement, rear-mounted Õªÿ °√≥æå «à ß∑“â ¬ inclination §«“¡≈“¥‡Õ¬’ ß

·∑√°‡µÕ√å inclined stack °Õ߉¡â·∫∫Àπâ“≈“¥*

implement, semimounted Õÿª°√≥åæà«ß inclinometer : clinometer ¡“µ√§«“¡‡Õ¬’ ß

·∫∫°Ëß÷ ·¢«π included phloem ∑àÕÕ“À“√„π‰¡*â

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

157

included pit aperture ª“°À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å increment percent ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå «à π‡æ‘¡Ë ¢π÷È A
B
·∫∫„π¢Õ∫* incrusting substance  “√¬¥÷ * (S. incrust- C
D
included sapwood °√–æ·È’ ∑√°·°πà * ing material) E
F
inclued ‰¡¬à ◊ËπÕÕ°¡“ (‡™πà ‡° √µ«— ºâŸ‰¡à‚º≈à incubate Õ∫, ∫¡à , ø°í ‰¢à G
H
æâπ°≈∫’ ¥Õ°) incubation °“√øí°‰¢à, °“√∫¡à ‡™È◊Õ, °“√‡æ“– I
J
incompatibility §«“¡‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“À√◊Õ ‡™◊ÈÕ, °“√Õ∫ ßË‘ ¢Õß„πµÕŸâ ∫ K
L
º ¡°—π‰¥â, §«“¡‰¡µà ‘¥ („π°“√º ¡æπ— ∏åÿ incubator µ∫Ÿâ ¡à M
N
À√◊ÕµàÕ°Ë‘ß), °“√º ¡‰¡à‰¥âº≈, §«“¡‰¡à incumbent ≈—°…≥–¢Õß„∫‡≈È’¬ß¢≥–∑’ˬ—ßÕ¬Ÿà O
P
 ¡°π— („π°“√‡∫¬’ π) „π‡¡≈Á¥ Àπ“â „∫®–Àπ— ‡¢â“À“°π— ·≈–¥â“π Q
R
incompatibility, cross ‰¡à “¡“√∂º ¡¢â“¡ À≈—ߢÕß„∫‡≈È’¬ß„∫ÀπË÷ß®–∑“∫°—∫ hypo- S
T
°—π‰¥â cotyl U
V
incompatibility, self ‰¡ à “¡“√∂º ¡µ«— ‡Õ߉¥â indefinite ‰¡à§ß∑’Ë, ‰¡à§ßµ—« ‡™àπ °“√‡®√‘≠ W
X
incomplete dominance °“√¢à¡Õ¬à“߉¡à ¢Õß™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫ racemose Y
Z
 ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å indehiscent fruit º≈ª√–‡¿∑‡¡Ë◊Õ·°à‡µÁ¡∑Ë’

incomplete flower ¥Õ°‰¡à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å Õ“®¢“¥ ·≈–·Àßâ ·≈«â ®–‰¡à·µ° (¡’Õ¬àŸ 4 ™π‘¥ §Õ◊

 «à π„¥ «à πÀπ÷Ëß ‡™πà °≈’∫√Õß °≈’∫¥Õ° achene, caryopsis, nut ·≈– schizocarp)

‡° √µ—«ºŸÀâ √Õ◊ ‡° √µ—«‡¡’¬ indenture √Õ¬∫¡ãÿ *

incomplete lateral line ‡ πâ ¢“â ßµ«— ‰¡ à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å independent assortment °“√°√–®“¬µ—«

inconspicuous ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â‰¡à™—¥‡®π ¢Õ߬’π‰ªÕ¬Ÿà„π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ» (gamete) ´Ë÷ß

incorporation °“√§≈°ÿ (ª¬ÿÜ „π¥π‘ ), °“√√«¡ ‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ßÕ ‘ √–

‡¢“⠥⫬°—π indeterminate  “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·µ°°Ë‘ß

increase, natural °“√‡æ¡Ë‘ ®”π«πµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ °â“π “¢“ÕÕ°‰ª‰¥‡â √ÕË◊ ¬Ê

increment  «à π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷πÈ indeterminate flower ™àÕ¥Õ°ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë¡’

increment, annual  «à π‡æË¡‘ ¢Èπ÷ √“¬ªï  à«πª≈“¬‡®√‘≠µàÕ‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ¥Õ°∑’ËÕ¬àŸ

increment, current annual  à«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷π µ√ß‚§πÀ√◊Õ¥Õ°∑’ˇ°‘¥°àÕπ®–∫“π°àÕπ

‡©æ“–ªï ¥Õ°∑Õ’Ë ¬à Ÿ à«π¬Õ¥®–∫“π∑À’ ≈ß—

increment, mean annual  à«π‡æË¡‘ ¢÷πÈ ‡©≈ˬ’ indeterminate-inflorescence ¥Õ°∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ

√“¬ªï µ“¡§«“¡¬“«¢Õß°â“π¥Õ°¢≥–∑Ë’°â“π

increment, normal  «à π‡æ¡Ë‘ ¢÷Èπ¡“µ√∞“π ¥Õ°§àÕ¬Ê ¬“«ÕÕ°

increment, periodic annual  à«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷π index map ·ºπ∑ Ë’ “√∫≠—

√“¬ªï‡©æ“–§“∫ index tissue ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¥—™π’, ‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬Ë◊ÕÀ√◊Õ

increment borer  «“à πÀ“ «à π‡æË¡‘ ¢÷πÈ Õ«—¬«–æ◊™´Ë÷߇À¡“–·°à°“√π”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 158

A §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß∏“µÿÕ“À“√ ‡πË◊Õß®“°§à“ Indian pink ‡§√◊Õ «√√§å,  π°â“ߪ≈“, ¥Ÿ
cypress vine
B «‘‡§√“–Àå∑’ˉ¥â¡’ À —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬µ√ß°—∫
Indian rhododendron °Àÿ ≈“∫¥Õ¬, ‡ÕπÕ“â
C √–¥∫— §«“¡‡ªπì ª√–‚¬™π¢å Õß∏“µπÿ π—È „π¥π‘ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Melastoma malabathricum,
D L. ·≈– Melastoma villosum, Lodd.)
E Indian almond ÀŸ°«“ß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
Indian rose chestnut ∫πÿ 𓧠(‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ
F Terminalia catappa, L.) Mesua ferrea, L.)
G Indian box wood ∑ÕßÀ≈“ß„∫¡π (µπâ ‰¡â„π
Indian rose wood æ¬ÿß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
H  °≈ÿ Gardinia coronaria, Ham.) Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Pierre)

I Indian coral tree ∑ÕßÀ≈“ß„∫¡π (µπâ ‰¡â„π Indian rubber fig ¬“ßÕ‘π‡¥’¬ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫
„π °≈ÿ Ficus elastica, Roxb.)
J  °ÿ≈ Erythrina suberosa, Roxb.)
Indian shot æ∑ÿ ∏√°— …“ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Canna
K Indian cork tree ªï∫ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ indica, L.)
L
M Millingtonia hortensis, L.) Indian walnut ®“¡®√ÿ ’ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Albizzia
lebbek, Benth.)
N Indian elm °–‡™“, °–‡´“– (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
O Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch.) indicating percent ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå§à“¢Õߪɓ
‡©æ“–ªï
P Indian fig tree 𑂧√∏ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Ficus
indicator plant æ◊™™’È≈—°…≥–¥‘π
Q bengalensis, L.) indicator plot ·ª≈ߥ—™π’
indigen ‡ªπì ¢ÕßæÈ◊π‡¡Õ◊ ß, ¢Õß·À≈ßà Àπ÷ßË
R Indian heliotrope À≠“â ß«ß™“â ß («™— æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ indigenous æÈ◊π‡¡◊Õß, ‡©æ“–∂Ë‘π, ‡ªìπ¢Õß

S Heliotropium indicum, L.) ·À≈àßÀπßË÷
T indigo §√“¡¢π («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈
U Indian jujube æÿ∑√“Õ‘π‡¥’¬ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

V Zizyphus mauritiana, L.)
W Indian laburnum ™—¬æƒ°…å, √“™æƒ°…å, §πŸ

X (¥Ÿ golden shower)

Y Indian lilac ¬Ë’‡¢àß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

Z Lagerstroemia indica, L.)

Indian liquorice ¡–°≈Ë”µâπ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Indigofera hirsuta, L.)

Adenanthera microsperma, Teysm & indirect method (fire) «‘∏’¥∫— ‰ø∑“ßÕÕâ ¡

Binm.) indoor plants ‰¡√â à¡, æ™◊ ∑Ë’‰¡ à “¡“√∂∑π∑“π

Indian long pepper æ√‘°À“ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ µàÕ· ß·¥¥∑Ë’√âÕπÀ√◊Õ· ß «à“ß∑’Ë¡“°

Piper longum, L.) ‡°‘π‰ª

Indian mahogany ¬¡ÀÕ¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ induce ‡ÀπË’¬«π”

Cedrela toona, Roxb. ex Rottle.) indumentum ª°§≈ÿ¡‰ª¥â«¬¢πÀπ“∑÷∫

Indian oak ®°‘ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Barringtonia induplicate ¡â«πÀ√◊Õæ—∫‡¢â“¢â“ß„π, ¢Õ∫æ—∫

acutangula, Gaertn.) ‡¢“â *

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

159

indurated ∑”„À·â ÀâßÀ√◊Õ∑π∑“π, ·¢ßÁ Õ‘πø√“‡√¥* A
B
indusium ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕº‘«¢Õß„∫∑Ë’‡®√‘≠ÕÕ°¡“ infrared seasoning °“√∑”„À≡â·Àâߥ⫬ C
D
ª°§≈¡ÿ sorus „π„∫‡øî√åπ ¢“â ß„π¡’ ªÕ√å √ß—  ’Õ‘πø√“‡√¥* E
F
inedible °π‘ ‰¡à‰¥â infraspecific ¢Èπ— „π°“√·∫ßà ·¬°∑’µË Ë”°«“à ™π‘¥ G
H
infect µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ , µ‘¥µÕà (species) I
J
infection °“√µ¥‘ ‡™◊ÈÕ, ‚√§µ¥‘ µàÕ infundibular ‡ªπì √ªŸ °√«¬ K
L
inferior 1. µ”Ë °«“à , ¥Õâ ¬°«“à , Õ¬Ÿà„µÀâ √Õ◊ µ”Ë °«“à infusorial earth ¥‘π‡∫“ (S. diatomaceous M
N
‡™àπ inferior ovary À¡“¬∂÷ß√—߉¢à∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà earth) O
P
„µâ°≈’∫¥Õ°, °≈’∫√Õß ·≈–‡° √µ—«ºŸâ ingredient «µ— ∂ÿ¥‘∫,  «à πª√–°Õ∫,  «à πº ¡ Q
R
2. ¢“°√√‰°√≈“à ß πÈ— °«“à ¢“°√√‰°√∫π (ª¡.) ingrowth ‰¡â‡≈ÕË◊ π™πÈ— S
T
infertiled crop ∏≠— æ◊™‡¡≈¥Á ‡≈°Á (‰¡à ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å) inherit ∂à“¬∑Õ¥≈°— …≥–, ∂à“¬∑Õ¥æπ— ∏°ÿ √√¡ U
V
infertile egg ‰¢à≈¡, ‰¢à‰¡¡à ’‡™◊ÕÈ inheritance ∑“¬°√√¡ (∑“¬–°”), °“√∂“à ¬∑Õ¥ W
X
infestation °“√√–∫“¥ (¢Õß·¡≈ßÀ√Õ◊  µ— «Õå π◊Ë ≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡®“°∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰ª Ÿà Y
Z
‡™àπ Àπ,Ÿ ‰ â‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬ œ≈œ) ≈Ÿ°À≈“π

infestation, spot √–∫“¥‡ªìπ·Àßà inherited behaviour 惵°‘ √√¡ ∫◊ ∑Õ¥ (™«’ .)

infill ª≈°Ÿ ´àÕ¡ inherited characteristics (soil) ≈—°…≥–

infiltrability  ¿“æ·∑√°´÷¡‰¥â µ°§“â ß („π¥π‘ )

infiltration °“√·∑√°´÷¡ inhibition point, total ®¥ÿ ªÑÕß°π— , ®ÿ¥¬—∫¬—Èß

infiltration capacity §«“¡®ÿ°“√·∑√°´¡÷ ¢Õ߬“Õ“∫‰¡*â

infiltration rate Õ—µ√“°“√·∑√°´÷¡ inhibitor µ—«¬∫— ¬ßÈ— ,  “√¬—∫¬È—ß

inflame Õ°— ‡ ∫, ∫«¡·¥ß inhomogeneous ‰¡à‡ªìπ‡Õ°æπ— ∏ÿå

inflammability (fire) §«“¡‰«‰ø initial ‡√¡Ë‘ µπâ

inflammation Õ“°“√Õ°— ‡ ∫ initial, fusiform ·¡à‡´≈≈å√Ÿª°√– «¬*

inflated æÕ߇ªπì ∂ÿß initial, ray ·¡à‡´≈≈√å »— ¡*’

inflexed ¥Ÿ reclinate initial absorption °“√¥¥Ÿ ´÷¡‡√Ë¡‘ µâπ*

inflorescence ¥Õ°À√Õ◊ ™Õà ¥Õ°¢Õßæ◊™, °≈¡àÿ initial absorption of preservative ª√‘¡“≥

¢Õߥհ∑’ˇ°‘¥∫π°â“π™àÕ¥Õ°Õ—π‡¥¬’ «°—π °“√¥¥Ÿ ´÷¡π”È ¬“‡√‘Ë¡µâπ*

infra- µ”Ë °«à“ initial moisture content ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡™È◊π

infrafoliar µ”Ë °«“à „∫ ‡√Ë¡‘ µâπ*

infrared drying °“√∑”„À≡â·Àâߥ⫬√—ß ’ initial vacuum  ≠ÿ ≠“°“»‡√‘Ë¡µπâ *

Õπ‘ ø√“‡√¥* inject ©¥’ æàπ

infrared heating °“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ¥â«¬√—ß ’ injection °“√©¥’ æπà

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 160

A injection, point °“√„ ªà ÿ¬Ü ‡À≈«‡ªìπ®¥ÿ ‚¥¬„™â §“√å∫Õπ
inorganic fertilizer ª¬Üÿ «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√,å ª¬Üÿ Õππ‘ -
B Õªÿ °√≥´å ßË÷ ‡ªπì ≈Õâ ·≈–¡´’ ≈Ë’ Õâ (spoke) ‡ªπì
∑√¬’ å
C ∑Õà °≈«ß inorganic soil ¥π‘ ‡™ß‘ Õπ‘π∑√’¬å
D input  Ëß‘ ∑’Ë„Àâ
E injection, spoke ¥Ÿ injection, point input energy æ≈—ß∑Ë’„Àâ
input shaft ‡æ≈“µâπ (‡æ≈“∑√’Ë —∫°”≈ß— ®“°µâπ
F injection, tree °“√„Àâ “√ªÑÕß°—π°”®—¥‚√§
G æ◊™¥«â ¬«‘∏©’ ’¥‡¢â“µâπ °”≈—ß)
inseason „πƒ¥°Ÿ “≈, µ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈
H injection pump ‡§√◊ÕË ß Ÿ∫À«— ©’¥ insect, cambium ·¡≈߇®“–·§¡‡∫’¬¡
insect, cambium-wood ·¡≈߇®“–·§¡‡∫¬’ ¡
I injection tree, banding °“√„À â “√ªÑÕß°—π
·≈–‰¡â
J °”®¥— ‚√§æ◊™¥«â ¬«‘∏§’ «—Ëπ‡ª≈Õ◊ ° insect, primary ·¡≈ߪ∞¡¿Ÿ¡‘
insect, scale ‡æ≈¬’È ÀÕ¬
K injection tree, bore-hole °“√„Àâ “√ insect, secondary ·¡≈ß∑µÿ ¬‘ ¿Ÿ¡‘
L insect hole √Ÿ·¡≈ß* (S. bore hole)
M ªÑÕß°π— °”®—¥‚√§æ™◊ ¥«â ¬«∏‘ ’‡®“–√Ÿ insecticide  “√‡§¡∑’ ’Ë„™§â «∫§¡ÿ À√Õ◊ °”®¥— ·¡≈ß,

N injection tree, dry-packing °“√„Àâ “√  “√¶à“·¡≈ß
O ªÕÑ ß°—π°”®¥— ‚√§æ™◊ ¥â«¬«∏‘ æ’ π— º“â insecticide formulation  µŸ √ ”‡√Á®¢Õß “√

P injection tree, frilling °“√„Àâ “√ªÑÕß°—π °”®¥— ·¡≈ß
insectivorous æ◊™∑’Ë®—∫·¡≈߇ªπì Õ“À“√
Q °”®¥— ‚√§æ◊™¥â«¬«‘∏’ —∫°“π inseminate ©’¥π”È ‡™ÈÕ◊ (µ«— ºŸ)â
insemination °“√º ¡ (π”È ‡™Õ◊È ), °“√©’¥‡™ÕÈ◊
R injector À«— ©¥’

S injector, soil Õªÿ °√≥‡å ®“–©¥’  “√≈–≈“¬ (‡™πà
T
U ª¬Üÿ ) ≈ß„µâº«‘ ¥π‘

V injector pipe ∑àÕÀ—«©’¥„™â àßπÈ”¡—π Õ¬Ÿà
W √–À«“à ߇§√◊ÕË ß ∫Ÿ À«— ©¥’ °∫— À«— ©’¥

X inlet ∑“߇¢“â

Y inlet manifold ª“°∑“߇¢â“∑Õà √«à ¡

Z inlet port ™Õà ß∑“߇¢“â

inlet valve ≈È‘π∑’ˇª¥î „À¢â Õ߉À≈À√Õ◊ °“´º“à 𠵫— º‡âŸ ¢â“ ÕàŸ «¬— «–¢Õ߇滇¡’¬

‡¢“â ‰ª„π√–∫∫ insert ·ºàπª–´Õà ¡*

inner pit aperture ª“°À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å„π* inserted  Õ¥‡¢“â ‰ª, µ¥‘ Õ¬ÀŸà √◊Õ‡°¥‘ ∫𠇙πà

inner shell membrane ‡¬ÕË◊ ‡ª≈◊Õ°™—Èπ„π ‡° √µ«— ºŸ‡â °¥‘ Õ¬Ÿà∫π°≈’∫¥Õ°

inoculate ©¥’ ‡™ÈÕ◊ , ª≈Ÿ°‡™È◊Õ (®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬)å inserted tooth saw ‡≈◊ËÕ¬ «¡øíπ*

inoculation °“√‡æ“–‡™◊ÕÈ (®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å) À√◊Õ„ à insolation 1. °“√ºË÷ß·¥¥, °“√‰À¡â·¥¥ 2.

‡™ÕÈ◊ ≈ß„π “√À√Õ◊ Õ“À“√ ”À√∫— ‡≈’¬È ߇™Õ◊È Õµ— √“√—ß ®’ “°¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å

inoculum ·À≈ßà ‡™◊ÕÈ instant ∑π— ∑,’ ∑π— „¥, „™â‰¥∑â π— ∑,’ ≈–≈“¬‰¥∑â π— ∑,’

inorganic Õπ‘π∑√’¬å,  “√ª√–°Õ∫∑Ë’‰¡à¡’ ∫√‚‘ ¿§‰¥â∑—π∑’

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

161

instar √–¬–≈Õ°§√“∫ (·¡≈ß) √–À«à“߇´≈≈剡ࡒ¬“ß* (S. interstitial A
B
insufficiency §«“¡‰¡àæՇ欒 ß space) C
D
insulating board ·ºπà ©π«π* intercellular secretory space ™Õà ß√–À«à“ß E
F
insulator ©π«π ‡´≈≈塬’ “ß* G
H
insulin ŒÕ√å‚¡π®“°µ—∫ÕàÕπ (‡ªìπŒÕ√å‚¡π∑’Ë intercellular space ™àÕß√–À«“à ߇´≈≈å I
J
‡√àß°“√‡º“º≈“≠πÈ”µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑” interception ª√¡‘ “≥π”È Ωπ∑µ’Ë πâ ‰¡¥â ¥Ÿ ´∫— ‡Õ“‰«â K
L
Àπâ“∑Ë’§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥π”È µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥„Àâ (°Õà π∑®’Ë –µ°∂ß÷ æπ◊È ¥π‘ ) ·≈–¢≥–‡¥¬’ «°π— M
N
Õ¬àŸ„π√–¥—∫ª√°µ‘) Õ“®®–√–‡À¬ ∫Ÿà √√¬“°“» O
P
intake °“√°‘πÕ“À“√, ª√‘¡“≥°“√°‘πÕ“À“√ intercompatible °“√º ¡√–À«“à ßæπ— ∏åÿ 2 æπ— ∏åÿ Q
R
integrate √«¡µ«— , º “π°π— ‚¥¬·µà≈–æ—π∏ÿ剥â√—∫‡√≥Ÿ®“°æ—π∏ÿåµ√ß°—π S
T
integrated logging °“√∑”‰¡‡â ∫¥Á ‡ √Á®* ¢â“¡ ·≈–‡√≥Ÿ “¡“√∂≈߉ªº ¡°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ U
V
integument  ßË‘ ÀÕà À¡ÿâ ,  «à π∑ÀË’ Õà À¡ÿâ ‰¢à (ovule) ‡æ»‡¡¬’ ‰¥â W
X
À√◊Õ‡¡≈Á¥∑’ˬߗ ‰¡·à °à¢Õßæ◊™ intercrop ª≈°Ÿ (æ◊™)·´¡, æ◊™·´¡ Y
Z
intensive ·∫∫ª√–≥µ’ intercropping °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ À≈“¬™π‘¥ ≈∫— „π

inter- √–À«“à ß ·ª≈߇¥’¬«°π—

interaction ªØ°‘ √√¡, °√‘ ‘¬“°√–∑”µÕà °π— interface √–À«à“ßÀπ“â , º«‘  ¡— º— √–À«à“ß«—µ∂ÿ

interaction, mutualistic §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë  Õß™π¥‘

‡ªìπ‰ª„π√ŸªæË÷ßæ“Õ“»—¬‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈´Ë÷ß°—π·≈– interfertile °“√º ¡√–À«à“ßæ◊™ 2 æπ— ∏åÿ ‚¥¬

°π— ·µà≈–æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â√—∫‡√≥Ÿ®“°æ—π∏åÿµ√ß°—π¢â“¡

interaction, one-side §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑Ë’ΩÉ“¬ ·µ‡à ¡≈¥Á ∑’ˉ¥â‡æ“–‰¡¢à π÷È

Àπ÷Ë߉¥√â ∫— ª√–‚¬™π‡å æ’¬ßΩ“É ¬‡¥’¬« interfoliar Õ¬à√Ÿ –À«à“ß„∫

intercalary meristem µ√ß∫√‘‡«≥¢âÕ interfruitful °“√º ¡√–À«à“ßæ◊™ 2 æ—π∏ÿå

intercellular √–À«à“߇´≈≈å ‚¥¬·µà≈–æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â√—∫‡√≥Ÿ®“°æ—π∏åÿµ√ß°—π

intercellular canal ∑Õà √–À«à“߇´≈≈*å ¢“â ¡·≈–„Àºâ ≈º≈µ‘ ∑æ’Ë Õ®–∑”‡ªπì °“√§“â ‰¥â

intercellular canal, radial ∑àÕ√–À«à“ß intergrade (¥π‘ ) ∑Ë’¡’≈°— …≥–‡°¬’Ë «‚¬ß

‡´≈≈嵓¡·π«√—»¡’* inter-incompatible °“√º ¡√–À«à“ßæ◊™ 2

intercellular canal, traumatic ∑àÕ√–À«“à ß æ—π∏ÿå‚¥¬·µà≈–æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â√—∫‡√≥Ÿ®“°æ—π∏ÿå

‡´≈≈‡å °¥‘ ®“°·º≈* µ√ß°—π¢â“¡·µà‡√≥Ÿ‰¡à “¡“√∂º ¡°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ

intercellular cavity ™Õà ß«“à ß√–À«“à ߇´≈≈å* ‡æ»‡¡¬’ ‰¥â

intercellular layer ™πÈ— ‡™Õ◊Ë ¡‡´≈≈å (S. middle interior ¿“¬„π

lamella) interior plywood ‰¡Õâ —¥¿“¬„π*

intercellular non-secretory space ™àÕß interior sap stain √Õ¬¥“à ß¿“¬„π°√–æÈ*’

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 162

A interlayer À≈∫◊ , √–À«à“ß™Èπ— internode ª≈Õâ ß,  à«π¢Õß≈”µπâ ∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ√–À«“à ß
¢Õâ
B interlocked grain ‡ È¬’ π π, ‡ ¬’È π¢—¥*
interparticle bonding °“√‡°“–¬÷¥√–À«à“ß
C intermediate  “√¡—∏¬—πµ√å,  “√∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π„π Õπÿ¿“§
D
E ¢È—πµÕπ√–À«à“ß “√µÈ—ßµâπ°—∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±å interpetiolar √–À«à“ßÀ√Õ◊ ∑“à ¡°≈“ß°“â π„∫
interplant ª≈Ÿ°·´¡
F ¢Èπ—  ¥ÿ ∑“â ¬, °ß÷Ë intersect µ—¥, µ—¥°π—
G intermediate column ‡ “°≈“ß* intersection point ®ÿ¥‡ª≈’ˬπ§≥ÿ  ¡∫µ— ‘*
interspace 1. ™Õà ß√–À«“à ß°≈“ß 2. ∑Ë√’ –À«“à ß
H intermediate moisture foods Õ“À“√°ß÷Ë ·Àßâ
Àπ“â ‡®“–¬“ß*
I intermediate stage √–¬–°≈“ß* (¥Ÿ decay) intersterile ¥Ÿ interfertile
interstitial cell ‡´≈≈å·∑√°
J intermediate stock µÕ∑Õà π°≈“ß,  «à π¢Õß interstitial space ™àÕß√–À«à“߇´≈≈剡¡à ¬’ “ß*

K æ◊™∑Ë’π”¡“‡ªìπµ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡√–À«à“ßµâπµÕ°—∫ (S. non-secretory space)
L interstock ¥Ÿ intermediate stock
M ¬Õ¥æ—π∏ÿå interunfruitful °“√º ¡√–À«à“ßæ◊™ 2 æπ— ∏ÿå

N intermediate wood °√–æ’§È “∫·°πà * ‚¥¬·µà≈–æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â√—∫‡√≥Ÿ®“°æ—π∏ÿåµ√ߢⓡ
O intermittent misting °“√„Àâπ”È ·∫∫æàπ ·≈–„Àâº≈‰¡¥à °
intervascular cambium ‡¬◊ËÕ‡®√‘≠∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
P À¡Õ°‚¥¬∫ß— §—∫„Àªâ ≈àÕ¬π”È ‡ªìπ√–¬–Ê √–À«à“ß∑àÕπ”È -∑Õà Õ“À“√
intervascular pit À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å√–À«à“ß
Q intermittent stream ∏“√π”È ‰À≈‡ªπì æ°— Ê* ‡´≈≈å≈”‡≈’¬ß*
intervascular pitting °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢ÕßÀ≈ÿ¡
R intermontane : intermontanne √–À«“à ß¿‡Ÿ ¢“

S intermontane basin ·Õàß√–À«à“ß¿Ÿ‡¢“*, ≈àÿ¡
T
U π”È √–À«“à ß¿Ÿ‡¢“

V intermontane plateau ∑Ë√’ “∫ Ÿß√–À«“à ß¿Ÿ‡¢“
W internal ¿“¬„π

X internal check √Õ¬ª√‘·∫∫√—ߺß÷È *

Y internal conditioners «— ¥ÿª√—∫ ¿“æ™π‘¥

Z º ¡°—∫ªÿܬ, «— ¥ÿª√—∫ ¿“æªÿܬ∑Ë’º ¡≈ß

‰ª„À⇪ìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥’¬«°—∫ªÜÿ¬ ∑”„À⇡Á¥ªÜÿ¬ ºπ—߇´≈≈√å –À«“à ߇´≈≈≈å ”‡≈¬’ ß*

·¢Áß·√ߢÈ÷π intestine ≈”‰ â

internal fan kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫æ—¥≈¡¿“¬„π* in the rough ∑ß—È ‡ª≈◊Õ°*

internal phloem ∑Õà Õ“À“√¥â“π„π* intine ‡ª≈Õ◊ °º«‘ ™—πÈ „π¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ

internal surface º«‘ „π intolerant ‰¡à∑π∑“π (µàÕ‚√§, ·¡≈ß,

international rule µ“√“ß·∫∫ “°≈* · ß·¥¥, Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß œ≈œ)

international unit (I.U.) Àπ«à ¬ “°≈ (Àπ«à ¬ intra- ¿“¬„π

∑’Ë„™â«—¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπÀ√◊Õª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√ intraaggregate bonding °“√‡°“–¬¥÷ √–À«“à ß

Õ“À“√) Õπÿ¿“§

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

163

intracellular ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å involucel °≈∫’ ‡≈È’¬ß¬Õà ¬¢Õß involucre A
B
intrafoliar √–À«à“ß„∫ involucre «ß°≈’∫‡≈’È¬ß ‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ„µâ∞“π¥Õ° C
D
intrazonal (soil) ¥‘π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ™È—π¢Õߥ‘π À√Õ◊ ™Õà ¥Õ°, °≈∫’ √Õߥհ (S. involucral E
F
‡®√‘≠‡°◊Õ∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈â« ∑È—ßπ’È¢È÷πÕ¬àŸ°—∫ bract) G
H
«—µ∂ÿ°”‡π‘¥¥‘π ·≈–Õπÿ¿“§¢Õߥ‘π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà involute ¡«â π‡¢“â ¢“â ß„πÀ√Õ◊ ¡«â π¢πÈ÷ ¢“â ß∫𠇙πà I
J
¿“¬„µ â ¿“æ¥π‘ ø“Ñ Õ“°“»·≈–™π¥‘ ¢Õßæ™◊ °“√¡«â π¢Õß„∫ ‡ªìπµâπ K
L
intrinsic „πµ—«, ®“°¿“¬„π involution °“√¡«â π (¢Õß„∫), °“√≈¥¢π“¥ M
N
intrinsic permeability  ¿“æ„À´â ÷¡‰¥â„πµ—« ion Õπÿ¿“§∑Ë¡’ ’ª√–®ÿ‰øø“Ñ O
P
introgression °“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥¬’π∫“ßµ—«®“°æ◊™ iora π°¢¡Èπ‘ πâÕ¬ (π°„π °ÿ≈ Aegithina sp.) Q
R
µπâ ÀπßË÷ ‰ª¬—ßÕ’°µπâ Àπ÷Ëß Irish mittens ‡ ¡“∫â“π (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ S
T
intromittent organs Õ«—¬«–∑Ë’‡ª≈Ë’¬π‡ªìπ Opuntia vulgaris, Mill.) U
V
Õ«¬— «–懑 »… ”À√∫—  ◊∫æπ— ∏ÿå iron, anti-checking ª≈‘߬÷¥À«— ‰¡,â ‡À≈Á°¬÷¥ W
X
introrse Àπ— ‡¢â“À“·°π°≈“ß °π— ·µ°* Y
Z
intrusion °“√·∑√°´Õπ iron, cast ‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ (S. pig iron)

intrusive igneous rock À‘πÕ—§π’·∑√°´Õπ iron, ingot ‡À≈°Á ·∑ßà À≈Õà

intrusive rock À‘π·∑√°, À‘π∑Ë’‡¬Áπµ—«≈ß iron, wrought ‡À≈°Á æ¥◊

Õ¬à“ß™â“Ê ∑”„Àâº≈÷°¢Õß·√àµà“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡ªìπ iron grass À≠⓪“°§«“¬ (¥Ÿ foul-foot)

Õߧªå √–°Õ∫¡’¢π“¥„À≠à iron tannate stain √Õ¬¥à“߇À≈Á°·∑πππ‘ *

inverse º°º—π iron wood  π∑–‡≈ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Casua-

inversion °“√º°º—π, °“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘„π ≥— ∞“π rina equisetifolia, L.)

¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡Õ—π‡πË◊Õß®“°‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡°‘¥ irradiation °“√Õ“∫√—ß ’

°“√À—° ·≈–‡¡◊ÕË °≈∫— ¡“‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°π—  «à π irregular flower ¥Õ°‰¡∑â ’Ë¡ ’ à«π¢Õߥհ‰¡à

∑ÀË’ °— πÈ—π‡°‘¥°“√°≈∫— À—«°≈—∫À“ߢπ÷È ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π∑—Èß™ÿ¥  “¡“√∂·∫àߧ√Ë÷ß„Àâ à«π

invert æ≈‘°°≈—∫, °≈—∫À—« ∑È—ß Õ߇∑à“°—π‰¥â‡æ’¬ß·π«‡¥’¬« ∑”„Àâ

invertase ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’¬Ë àÕ¬πÈ”µ“≈´‚Ÿ §√ „À‡â ªπì ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡À¡Õ◊ π·∫∫ bilateral symme-

°≈Ÿ‚§ ·≈–ø√ÿ§‚∑  try ‡™πà ¥Õ°∂«—Ë , °≈⫬‰¡â ‡ªπì µâπ

invertebrate  µ— «å‰¡¡à ’°√–¥Ÿ° π— À≈—ß irregular shelterwood system √–∫∫µ—¥‰«â

inverted-T ¥Ÿ shield-budding √à¡Õ¬“à ߉¡ à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ

in vitro πÕ°°“¬, „πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß, πÕ° «à π irreversible ºπ— °≈—∫‰¡à‰¥â

¢Õß ‘Ëß∑Ë’¡’™’«‘µ·≈–Õ¬àŸ„π ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë irrigation °“√™≈ª√–∑“π, °“√∑¥π”È ‡¢â“

∑”¢÷πÈ (A. in vivo) irrigation, ground surfacei °“√™≈ª√–∑“π

in vivo „𰓬, Õ¬Ÿà„π√“à ß°“¬¢Õß µ— «åÀ√◊Õæ™◊ ·∫∫º«‘ ¥π‘