พจนานุกรมศัพท์เกษตร agricultural_dictionary

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 64

A colostrum πÈ”π¡‡À≈◊Õß (π¡∑Ë·’ ¡ à —µ«å¢∫— ÕÕ° ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡¥¬’ «°—π 2. ‡™ÕË◊ ¡µàÕ°π— , ª√–°Õ∫
‡ªπì ™ÿ¥‡¥’¬«°—π
B ¡“„π√–¬– 3-4 «π— À≈ß— §≈Õ¥) combine cutterbar „∫¡’¥µ—¥¢Õ߇§√Ë◊Õß
‡°Ë’¬«π«¥
C columella 1. ∞“π√Õß√—∫ ªÕ√å¢Õß√“¥” 2. combine harvester ‡§√◊ËÕ߇°¬’Ë «π«¥
D combining ability ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√„Àâ
E „®°≈“ßÀ√Õ◊ ·°π°≈“ߢÕßΩ°í À√Õ◊  «à π¢Õß ≈Ÿ°º ¡ (‡ªì𧫓¡ “¡“√∂¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë®–
„Àâ≈°Ÿ º ¡‰¥â¥À’ √Õ◊ ‡≈«Õ¬“à ߉√)
F æ◊™∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬Ωí°´÷Ëß®–·≈‡ÀÁπ‰¥â combining ability, general ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π
G ‡¡Õ◊Ë ¡π— ·µ°ÕÕ° °“√„Àâ≈Ÿ°º ¡∑Ë—«‰ª [‡ªì𧫓¡ “¡“√∂
¢Õßæ◊™µâπ„¥µâπÀπË÷ß´Ë÷ß®–„Àâ≈Ÿ°º ¡∑’Ë¥’
H column 1.  à«π∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°“√√«¡¢Õß°â“π ‡¡Ë◊Õº ¡°—∫æ◊™µâπÕ◊ËπÊ ´÷Ëß¡’æÈ◊π∞“π∑“ß
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡µà“ßÊ °—π ≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“«
I ‡° √µ—«ºŸâ·≈–µ—«‡¡’¬ (°….) 2. µÕ¡àÕ, ¢â“ßµâπ∂◊Õ«à“‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡πË◊Õß¡“®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
º≈∫«°¢Õ߬’π (gene)]
J ‡ “* («π.) combining ability, specific ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
„π°“√„Àâ≈Ÿ°º ¡®”‡æ“– [‡ªì𧫓¡
K column, intermediate µÕ¡Õà ¢π“¥°≈“ß, ‡ “  “¡“√∂¢Õßæ◊™µâπ„¥µâπÀπË÷ß∑’Ë®–„Àâ
≈Ÿ°º ¡∑’Ë¥’‡¡Ë◊Õº ¡°—∫æ◊™∫“ßµâπ∑’Ë¡’
L °≈“ß* æ◊Èπ∞“π∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡µà“ßÊ °—π ≈—°…≥–
M ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ∂◊Õ«à“‡°‘¥¢È÷π‡πË◊Õß®“°
N column, long µÕ¡Õà ¢π“¥¬“«, ‡ “¬“«* ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õ߬’π (gene) „π·∫∫ÕË◊πÊ
πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ‰ª®“°ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “º≈∫«°]
O column, short µÕ¡àÕ¢π“¥ πÈ— , ‡ “ —Èπ* commissural vascular bundle ¡—¥∑àÕπÈ”
∑àÕÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°‡°‘¥·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà
P column, spaced µÕ¡àÕÀ¡,Ÿà ‡ “ª√–°∫— * √–À«“à ß¡—¥∑àÕπÈ”∑àÕÕ“À“√∑’¡Ë ’¢π“¥„À≠à
commissure æÈ◊π∑’ËÀπâ“√“∫∑’Ë carpel À√◊Õ
Q columnar 1. √Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ°°≈¡§≈⓬‡ “ mericarp ·µ–°π—
common ∏√√¡¥“* (™È—π‰¡â·ª√√ªŸ )
R 2. ·∫∫·∑ßà À«— ¡π (soil structure) common name ™Ë◊Õ “¡—≠ (æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«™å π‘¥
ÀπËß÷ Õ“®¡™’ ◊ÕË ¡“°°«“à Àπß÷Ë ™ËÕ◊ )
S columnar structure ‚§√ß √â“ߥ‘π·∫∫·∑àß

T À«— ¡π
U
V com. (common) ‰¡â™πÈ— ∏√√¡¥“

W coma °Ë‘ßÀ√◊Õ„∫∑√Ë’ «¡°π— ‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡, ªÿ¬À√◊Õ¢π
X ∑’‡Ë °‘¥∫π‡¡≈Á¥

Y comb ÀßÕπ (‰°à)

Z comb grain ≈“¬´À’Ë «*’

combination °“√ª√–°Õ∫Õÿª°√≥åÀ√◊Õ

‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’˵à“ß°—π„Àâ∑”ß“π√à«¡

°π—

combination drill ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈¥Á

combination stacker ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡Õ◊ ™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ ´ßË÷

√«¡‡Õ“¡◊Õ‡ ◊Õ ”À√—∫°«“¥·≈–∑Ë’¬°À≠â“

∑”‡ªπì °Õ߇Փ‰«â„π™¥ÿ ‡¥¬’ «°—π

combine 1. ‡§√◊ËÕ߇°’ˬ«π«¥, ‡§√◊ËÕß®—°√∑Ë’

√«¡‡§√Ë◊Õ߇°Ë’¬«·≈–‡§√Ë◊Õß∫¥¢â“«„π

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

65

common purslane º°— ‡∫¬’È „À≠à («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ complementory ion ª√–®ªÿ √–°Õ∫ A
B
√âÕπ„π °≈ÿ Portulaca oleracea, L.) complementary ion effect º≈°√–∑∫ª√–®ÿ C
D
common sedge °° («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ ª√–°Õ∫ E
F
Cyperus diffusus, Vahl.) complete fertilizer ª¬Üÿ ‡™‘ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å G
H
common spider wort °“∫ÀÕ¬ (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ complete flower ¥Õ° ¡∫√Ÿ ≥,å ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’°≈∫’ I
J
Tradescantia virginiana, L.) √Õß, °≈’∫¥Õ°, ‡° √µ—«ºŸ,â ·≈–‡° √µ«— K
L
common storage ¥Ÿ air-cooled storage ‡¡¬’ „π¥Õ°‡¥’¬«°π— M
N
community °≈¡ÿà ¢Õß ß‘Ë ¡™’ «’ µ‘ ∑ÕË’ “»¬— Õ¬√Ÿà «à ¡°π— composite board ·ºπà ‰¡ªâ √–°Õ∫* (S. board) O
P
(π«.) composite wood ‰¡âª√–°Õ∫* Q
R
commutation of right °“√™¥‡™¬ ‘∑∏‘Ï composition  «à πº ¡æ—π∏åÿ‰¡â„πª“É S
T
commutator Õÿª°√≥凪≈’ˬπ°√–· ‰øøÑ“ composition of offences : compounding U
V
 ≈∫— „À‡â ªìπ°√–· µ√ß of offences °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫ W
X
comose ¢π∑ˇ’ °‘¥‡ªπì °√–®°ÿ compost ª¬Üÿ À¡°— (S. compost manure, com- Y
Z
compact Õ¥— ·ππà , °–∑—¥√—¥ pound manure)

compaction °“√Õ¥— µ«— compound ¡’ à«π∑’‡Ë À¡◊Õπ°—πµßÈ— ·µà 2 Õ—π¢È÷π

compaction process °√–∫«π°“√Õ¥— (‡¡¥Á ª¬Üÿ ) ‰ª¡“√«¡°π— ‡ªπì Õ«¬— «–Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß

companion cell ‡´≈≈åª√–°∫, ‡´≈≈å√à«¡*, compound bud µ“º ¡, µ“∑®’Ë –‡®√≠‘ ‰ª‡ªìπ
‡´≈≈∑å ‡’Ë °¥‘ Õ¬√àŸ –À«“à ßÀ√Õ◊ ¢“â ß sieve tubes °ßË‘ „∫ ·≈–¥Õ°

companion crop 1. æ◊™∑ªË’ ≈Ÿ°‡æÕ◊Ë Õ“»¬— √¡à compound fertilizer ª¬ÿÜ ‡™ß‘ ª√–°Õ∫ (ªÜÿ¬´Ëß÷
À√◊ÕªÜÿ¬∑’Ë®–‰¥â„πµÕπÀ≈—ß 2. æ◊™∑Ë’ª≈Ÿ° ¡’∏“µÿÕ“À“√À≈—°Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 ∏“µÿ ‡™àπ
√à«¡°—∫æ◊™À≈—° (‚¥¬∑—Ë«Ê ‰ª‡ªìπæ◊™∑Ë’ NP, NK ‡ªìπµâπ)
‡¡≈¥Á ‡≈°Á ) (S. nurse crop)
compound layering °“√∑—∫°‘Ë߇™‘ß´âÕπ
compartment µÕπ, ™Õà ß, ÀÕâ ß (S.chamber) (°“√‚π⡇Փ°Ë‘ß®“°µâπ·¡à≈ß¡“·≈⫇Փ
compartment history ª√–«—µ¢‘ ÕßµÕ𠥑π∑—∫‚¥¬∫“°°Ë‘ßµ√ß„µâ¢âÕ‡«âπ¢âÕ „Àâ¢âÕ
compartment kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫ÀÕâ ß* (¥Ÿ kiln, ∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â∫“°‚º≈àæâπº‘«¥‘π √“°®–‡°‘¥µ√ß
√Õ¬∫“° ·≈–¬Õ¥®–‡°‘¥µ√ß à«π∑Ë’‚º≈à
dry) ‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥‘π)
compartment line ‡¢µµÕπ
compatability 1. §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√º ¡ compound leaf „∫ª√–°Õ∫, „∫º ¡, „∫
¬Õà ¬µ—Èß·µà 2 „∫¢πÈ÷ ‰ª¡“√«¡°π—
º “π (æ∏.) 2.  ¡√√∂ —¡æ—π∏å 3. §«“¡
§≈Õâ ß°π— , §«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â compound leaf, even-pinnate „∫¬àÕ¬·∫∫
complementary exchangeable cation ª√–®ÿ pinnately ∑’˵√ߪ≈“¬¡’Õ¬‡Ÿà ªìπ§àŸ
ª√–°Õ∫∑Ë’·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π‰¥â

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 66

A compound leaf, odd-pinnate „∫¬Õà ¬·∫∫ compressive strain §«“¡‡§√’¬¥®“°·√ßÕ¥— *
compressor, air ‡§√Ë◊ÕßÕ—¥Õ“°“»„Àâ¡’§«“¡
B pinnately ∑’˵√ߪ≈“¬¡’Õ¬Ÿà„∫‡¥¬’ «
¥π—  Ÿß¢È÷π
C compound leaf, palmately „∫¬àÕ¬∑Ë’‡°‘¥ concave µ–·°√ßπ«¥, ·ºπà ‚§âß
D concave saw ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬°√–∑–* (¥Ÿ saw)
E ®“°®ÿ¥‡¥’¬«°π— ¡“√«¡°π— conceive º ¡µ‘¥, µÈ—ߧ√√¿å
concentrate Õ“À“√¢âπ, Õ“À“√º ¡
F compound leaf, pinnately „∫¬àÕ¬∑’ˇ°‘¥ concentrated load(ing) πÈ”Àπ—°µ√߇©æ“–
G ®“°°â“π„∫√«¡ (rachis) æàÿßÕÕ°‰ª∑“ß
®ÿ¥* (¥Ÿ loading)
H ¥“â π¢“â ߧ≈“â ¬°“√‡√’¬ßµ«— „π¢ππ° concentrate fertilizerª¬Üÿ ∑¡Ë’ ∏’ “µÕÿ “À“√‡¢¡â ¢πâ
concentration (fire) §«“¡™°ÿ ¢Õ߉ø‡©æ“–∑Ë’
I compound left, bipinnately „∫¬Õà ¬·∫∫ pin- concentration stress §«“¡‡§πâ  ßŸ ‡©æ“–·Àßà *

J nately ∑·’Ë µ°ÕÕ°‰ªÕ°’ ™—ÈπÀπß÷Ë (¥Ÿ kiln, dry)
concentric crack √Õ¬·µ°‡ªìπ√Ÿª«ß·À«π
K compound left, tripinnately „∫¬àÕ¬·∫∫
L pinnately ∑·Ë’ µ°ÕÕ°‰ªÕ°’ 2 ™πÈ— ´Õâ π°—π
NM compound pistil √—߉¢∑à ªË’ √–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ√Ÿ —߉¢à concentric vascular bundle ¡—¥∑àÕπÈ”∑àÕ
O µß—È ·µà 2 ¢Èπ÷ ‰ª
Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’∑àÕÕ“À“√‡°‘¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫∑àÕπ”È
P compound shake √Õ¬√“â «º ¡* (¥Ÿ shake) (amphicribal) À√◊Õ¡’∑àÕπÈ”‡°‘¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫
∑àÕÕ“À“√ (amphivisal)
Q compreg : compregnated wood ‰¡âÕ“∫ concept ·π«§«“¡§¥‘
conceptacle ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬∂ÿß∫π„∫ (frond)
R °“«Õ—¥* ¢Õßæ◊™∑–‡≈∫“ß™π¥‘ ‡™πà fucus ´ßË÷ ‡ªìπ
∑’ˇ°¥‘ ¢Õß gametangia
S compressed ·∫π√“∫µ“¡ à«π¬“«

T compressibility  ¿“æÕ—¥µ«— ‰¥â
U
V compressibility index ¥™— π ’ ¿“æÕ—¥µ—«‰¥â

W compression failure √Õ¬·µ°®“°°“√°¥,
X °“√‡¥“–®“°·√ßÕ—¥* (¥Ÿ failure)

Y compression parallel-to-grain ·√ßÕ—¥

Z ¢π“π‡ È¬’ π*

compression perpendicular-to-grain ·√ß conception 1. °“√º ¡µ‘¥, °“√µÈ—ߧ√√¿å

¥—¥µÈß— ©“°°—∫‡ ’Ȭπ 2. §«“¡§‘¥,  ‘Ëß∑§Ë’ ¥‘ ¢÷πÈ

compression set °“√լൟ «— ®“°·√ßÕ—¥* concession, forest  ¡— ª∑“πªÉ“‰¡â

compression strain §«“¡‡§√’¬¥®“°°“√°¥ concession, timber  ¡— ª∑“π°“√∑”‰¡â

compression strength §«“¡·¢Áß·√ßµàÕ°“√ conchology : malacology »ß— ¢«∑‘ ¬“

°¥, ·√ßÕ—¥* (¥Ÿ strength) concretion ¡«≈ “√æÕ°*, °Õâ π “√‡§¡ ’ – ¡,

compression wood ‡π◊ÕÈ ‰¡â∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ °¥, ‰¡â∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ °√«¥∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°“√µ°µ–°Õπ¢Õß

®“°°“√°¥, ‰¡Ωâ πó ·√ßÕ¥— * (S. bull wood,  “√≈–≈“¬„π¥‘π´Ë÷߇¢â¡¢âπæÕ∑’Ë®–µ°

glassy wood, hard streak) µ–°Õπ‰¥â

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

67

condensation °“√§«∫·ππà configuration √ªŸ ≈—°…≥– A
B
condensation, capillary °“√§«∫·πàπ„π conformation √ªŸ √“à ß, √Ÿª∑√ß¿“¬πÕ° C
D
À≈Õ¥ΩÕ¬* confluent º ¡‡¢â“¥«â ¬°—π E
F
condenser 1. Õÿª°√≥å∑”„Àâ‰Õ‡¬Áπ≈ß·≈– congae æ«ßª√–¥…‘ ∞å (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Congea G
H
§«∫·πàπ‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈« 2. Õÿª°√≥å tomentosa, Roxb.) I
J
 ”À√—∫√—∫·≈– – ¡ª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“ ∂‘µ congeneric ‡ªπì ¢Õß °≈ÿ ‡¥¬’ «°—π K
L
3. °√–®°, ‡≈π å√«¡· ß congeneric elements ‡´≈≈·å ∫∫‡¥¬’ «°π— * M
N
condenser kiln : condensing kiln ‡µ“Õ∫ congeniality §«“¡ßà“¬„π°“√º ¡¢â“¡À√◊Õ O
P
·∫∫§«∫·πàπ* (¥Ÿ kiln, dry) °“√√«¡µ—«¢Õß°ßË‘ æπ— ∏°åÿ —∫µπâ µÕ Q
R
condiment ‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√ÿß√  conglomerate À‘π°√«¥*, À‘π°√«¥¡π S
T
condition  ¿“æ (¢Õßæ™◊ , ¥‘π, ªÜ¬ÿ ) conical ‡ªπì √Ÿª°√«¬ U
V
conditioner (of fertilizer) « — ¥ªÿ √∫—  ¿“檬ÿÜ , conidia ‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ·∫∫‰¡à„™â‡™È◊Շ滢Õß W
X
«—µ∂ÿ∑Ë’„ à√à«¡°—∫ªÿܬ‡æ◊ËÕ°—π°“√®—∫µ—«‡ªì𠇙Õ◊È ‡À¥Á √“ Y
Z
°Õâ π conidiophore °â“π™Ÿ conidia

conditioning °“√ª√∫— ¿“«–§«“¡™◊Èπ* conifer µπâ ‰¡æâ «° π*, µπâ ‰¡µâ √–°≈Ÿ  π, µπâ ‰¡â

conductivity, hydraulic  ¿“æπ”πÈ” ∑’¡Ë ’ cone

conduplicate ¡«â π‡¢“â À“°π— µ“¡¥â“𬓫 coniferous µ√–°≈Ÿ  π, æ«° π*

cone ™àÕ¥Õ°¢Õßæ™◊ ®”æ«° π (pine) conjugate principal point ®¥ÿ  ”§≠— √«à ¡ (¿.)

cone, Baptist °√«¬§√Õ∫À—«´ÿß* (S. cap) conjugation °“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ·∫∫„™â‡æ»‚¥¬

cone-cut ªÕ°·∫∫∑√ß°√«¬ isogametes ¡“√«¡µ«— °—π

cone-cut veneer ‰¡∫⠓ߪհ·∫∫∑√ß°√«¬* conjunctive tissue À¡‡Ÿà ´≈≈ªå √– “π, ‡πÕÈ◊ ‡¬ÕË◊

(¥Ÿ veneer) ª√– “π*

cone hole √Ÿ‡°¥‘ ®“°≈°Ÿ  π* conjunctivis ‚√§‡¬Õ◊Ë µ“Õ—°‡ ∫

cone mixing °“√º ¡ (ªÜ¬ÿ ) „π∂—ß∑√ß°√«¬ conjunctivita ‡¬Ë◊Õ∫“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡™◊ËÕ¡¥â“π„π¢Õß

cone penetrometer ¡“µ√«—¥°“√·∑ß∑–≈ÿ ‡ª≈◊Õ°µ“∫π·≈–‡ª≈Õ◊ °µ“≈à“ß

·∫∫°√«¬ [Õÿª°√≥å«—¥§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ conk 1. ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥∑”≈“¬‰¡â* (S. punk)

°“√·∑ß∑–≈ÿ (penetration resistance) 2. ‰¡ºâ ¬ÿ ÿ¬à * (S. punk, touch wood)

¢Õߥ‘π´ß÷Ë ¡À’ —««—¥‡ªπì √Ÿª°√«¬] conk, blind ªÿÉ¡µ“ºÿ*

cone segregation °“√·¬°µ—« (¢ÕߪÜÿ¬) ‡¡ÕË◊ conky ¡‡’ À¥Á ¢π÷È * (‰¡)â

‡∑°Õß (ª∞.) connate „∫∑’ˇ°‘¥Õ¬àŸµ√ߢⓡ°—π·≈–¡’∞“π„∫

confection ≈Ÿ°°«“¥ ‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°—π√Õ∫Ê °‘ËßÀ√◊Õ≈”µâπ, °“√®—∫

confectionery ‚√ßß“πº≈µ‘ ≈Ÿ°°«“¥ µ—«¢Õß à«π∑‡Ë’ À¡Õ◊ π°—πÀ√Õ◊ §≈⓬°—π

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 68

A connate-perfoliate °“√‡™Õ◊Ë ¡¢Õß∞“π„∫∑ÕË’ ¬Ÿà πÈ”®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ‘π‡¡Ë◊Õ„™â·√ß°¥ (ª∞.)
3. °“√ª√—∫ª√ßÿ ∞“π–¢Õߪ“É  ß«π„Àâ¡—Ëπ§ß
B µ√ߢ“â ¡°—π («π.)
conspicuous ™¥— ‡®π
C connecting rod °â“π ∫Ÿ constancy §«“¡§ß∑Ë’ (π«.)
DE connective °“â π‡° √µ—«ºâÀŸ √Õ◊ ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬Õ◊Ë ∑’‡Ë ™Õ◊Ë ¡ constipate ∑”„Àâ∑Õâ ߺ°Ÿ
F Õ—∫‡√≥Ÿ 2 Õ—π constipation Õ“°“√∑âÕߺ°Ÿ
G connector, timber ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪ√–°∫‰¡,â Õªÿ °√≥å constituents  «à πª√–°Õ∫(¢Õßæ™◊ ·≈– µ— «)å
∑’ˉ¡à„™πà ”È ·µÕà “®≈–≈“¬„ππÈ”‰¥â
H ¬÷¥µÕà ‰¡*â constitute ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫
constitution 1. ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߪɓ, °“√
I connivent °“√ßÕ‚§â߇¢â“À“°—π¢Õß à«π∑’Ë ª√–°“» ∂“π–¢Õߪɓ («π.) 2. °“√
ª√–°Õ∫°—π¢πÈ÷
J ‡À¡◊Õπ°π— À√Õ◊ §≈⓬°—π constitution, soil Õߧªå √–°Õ∫¢Õߥ‘π
construction °“√ª√–°Õ∫* (·ºπà ‰¡ªâ √–°Õ∫)
K conoid ¡√’ ªŸ °√«¬ construction, all-veneer °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫
L conservation °“√∫”√ÿß√—°…“, °“√‡°∫Á ∂πÕ¡ „™â‰¡â∫“ß≈«â π*
M construction, balanced °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫
N conservationist π—°Õπ√ÿ —°…«å ‘∑¬“  ¡¥≈ÿ *
O conservator ºŸ∫â ”√ßÿ ª“É construction, laminated °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫
ª√–°—∫À√Õ◊ ª√– “π*
P consistence : consistency °“√¬¥÷ µ«— , §«“¡ construction, lumber core °“√ª√–°Õ∫‰ â
‰¡·â ª√√ªŸ *
Q √à«π‡À𒬫À√◊Õ§«“¡§ß∑π¢Õߥ‘π, ·√ß

R ‡°“–°π— ¢Õߥπ‘

S consistence friable √à«π´¬ÿ

T consistence indurated √à«πª“π°≈“ß
U
V consistence loose ≈ÿà¬, √«à π¡“°

W consistence mellow √à«π´ÿ¬

X consistence plastic ‡À𒬫

Y consistence plasticity §«“¡Àπ◊¥

Z consistence stickiness §«“¡‡À𒬫

consistence tenacious ‡À𒬫¡“° construction, sandwich °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫

consolidate √«¡µ«— ‡æË◊Õ∑”°‘®°√√¡√«à ¡°—π  Õ¥‰ â*

consolidated, soil material °“√‡°“–°—π construction, stressed-skin °“√ª√–°Õ∫

¢ÕßÕπÿ¿“§¥‘πÕ¬à“ß·πàπ·øÑπ‚¥¬¡’«—µ∂ÿ ·∫∫º‘«√—∫§«“¡‡§âπ*, °“√ª√–°Õ∫·∫∫

¡“‡™ËÕ◊ ¡ ‡ √‘¡°”≈—ߺ«‘

consolidated bed rock ·ºπà Àπ‘ æÈ◊π construction, symmetrical °“√ª√–°Õ∫

consolidation 1. °“√§—¥º≈‰¡â‡æË◊Õ„Àâ¡¢’ π“¥ ·∫∫ ¡¥ÿ≈

√Ÿª√“à ß·∫∫‡¥¬’ «°π— (°….) 2. °“√À¥µ—« construction timber ‰¡‚â §√ß √“â ß* (¥Ÿ struc-

¢Õߪ√‘¡“µ√¥‘π‡πË◊Õß®“°°“√‰À≈ÕÕ°¢Õß tural timber)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

69

consumption weed ÀŸª≈“™àÕπ [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ 2. ¥π‘ ∑ˬ’ °¢È÷π‡ªπì √Õà ß ·π«¢Õß√Õà ßµßÈ— ‰¥â A
B
√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Emilia sonchifolia, (L.) ©“°°—∫§«“¡≈“¥‡Õπ ∑È—ßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π C
D
DC.] °“√‰À≈‡≈¬¢ÕßπÈ” 3. °“√∑”√àÕßπÈ”≈÷° E
F
contact herbicide  “√°”®—¥«—™æ◊™™π‘¥ ‰ªµ“¡√–¥—∫¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑Ë’‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π¥‘π∂Ÿ° G
H
 —¡º— µ“¬ π”È °—¥‡´“–·≈–™à«¬‡°Á∫°—°√—°…“πÈ”∑”„Àâ I
J
contact icing °“√≈¥§«“¡√âÕπ‚¥¬„™πâ ”È ·¢ßÁ ¥π‘ ™ÿ¡à ™◊πÈ K
L
„ ≈à ߉ª∫πº≈º≈‘µ contouring : contour cultivation °“√ª≈Ÿ° M
N
contact poison  “√ —¡º— µ“¬,  “√°”®—¥ æ™◊ µ“¡·π«√–¥∫— O
P
·¡≈ß´÷Ëß “¡“√∂´÷¡‡¢â“ Ÿàº‘«¢Õß·¡≈ß contour (line) ‡ πâ  ¡¡µ∑‘ ‡’Ë ™◊ÕË ¡®ÿ¥µà“ßÊ ∫π Q
R
∑”„À·â ¡≈ßµ“¬‰¥â º«‘ ¥π‘ ·≈–¡√’ –¥∫— ‡∑“à °π— S
T
contagious µ‘¥µàÕ, ∂à“¬∑Õ¥‚√§∂÷ß°—π‰¥â contour map ·ºπ∑Ë’· ¥ß‡ âπ™È—𧫓¡ Ÿß, U
V
contamination °“√∑”„À≡à∫√‘ ÿ∑∏Ï‘, °“√‡¢â“ ·ºπ∑·’Ë  ¥ß‡ âπ·π«√–¥—∫ W
X
¡“ª–ªπ¢Õß Ë‘ßÕË◊𠇙àπ ‡¡≈Á¥À≠⓪π contour ploughing °“√‰∂∑Ë’¡’·π«‰∂‰ªµ“¡ Y
Z
°∫— ‡¡≈¥Á ∏—≠æ◊™ ‡ âπ™πÈ— §«“¡ ßŸ

contiguous ·µ–°—π·µà‰¡‡à ™Ë◊Õ¡µ¥‘ °π— contour system (planting) °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ◊™∫π

continental displacement ∑«ª’ ‡≈ÕË◊ π (S. con- ‡ππ‘ ≈“¥™—π (‡°π‘ 3%) ‚¥¬∑”‡ππ‘ „À⇪ìπ

tinental drift) ¢È—π∫π— ‰¥(terrace) „π·π«√–¥—∫ ¢Õ∫¢Õß

continental drift ∑«’ª‡≈Õ◊Ë π* ∫—π‰¥·µà≈–¢—Èπ∑”§π— (ridge terrace) °π—È

continental rise ≈“¥µπ’ ∑«ª’ * ‰«â ´Ë÷ß®–™à«¬≈¥§«“¡‡√Á«¢ÕßπÈ”∑Ë’‰À≈∫à“

continental shelf ‰À≈à∑«’ª* ≈߉¥â

continental slope ≈“¥∑«’ª* contour tillage °“√‰∂æ√«π·π«√–¥—∫

continuous beam §“πÀ≈“¬™à«ß* contractor ºŸâ√∫— ‡À¡“

continuous kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫µÕà ‡πÕË◊ ß* (¥Ÿ kiln, contra-rotate À¡πÿ „π∑‘»∑“ß∑Ë’µ√ߢ“â ¡°—π

dry) control 1. µ—«‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ 2. °“√§«∫§ÿ¡

continuum (soil)¥π‘ ∑¡’Ë  ’ ¿“懪πì ºπ◊ µ¥‘ µÕà °π— º≈º≈‘µ 3. §«∫§ÿ¡, ªÑÕß°—π, °”®—¥

contorted °≈’∫¥Õ°À√◊Õ°≈’∫√Õß∑Ë’‡√’¬ß´âÕπ 4. °“√§«∫§¡ÿ µ“¡‚§√ß°“√ («π.) 5. °“√

‡ªìπ‡°≈’¬« §«∫§ÿ¡°“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå 6. ¡“µ√∞“π

contour ‡ âπ·π«√–¥∫— , ‡ πâ ™È—π§«“¡ Ÿß ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫ ( .)

contour bank §π— ¥‘π·π«√–¥—∫ control, area : control, basal area °“√§«∫§¡ÿ

contour cropping °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™„π·π«√–¥—∫ µ“¡‡πÕ◊È ∑ÀË’ π⓵—¥

‡¥¬’ «°π— control, biological : control biotic °“√§«∫§¡ÿ

contour furrow or trench 1. √àÕß√–¥—∫ ∑“ß™«’ «∑‘ ¬“À√◊Õ™’«¿“æ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 70

A control, ground ®¥ÿ §«∫§¡ÿ ∫πæ◊πÈ ¥π‘ conveyor, elevator Õªÿ °√≥≈å ”‡≈¬’ ß„π·π«¥ßË‘
conveyor, flight §√∫’ °«“¥≈”‡≈’¬ß
B control, natural °“√§«∫§ÿ¡µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ conveyor, floor æÈ◊π≈”‡≈’¬ß
conveyor, rod link Õÿª°√≥å≈”‡≈’¬ß´÷Ëß¡’
C control, reduced area °“√§«∫§¡ÿ µ“¡‡πÕ◊È ∑ÊË’
D ≈°— …≥–µÕà ‡πË◊Õß°—π‰ª
E ª√—∫·≈â« conveyor, trolley ‚´à≈”‡≈’¬ß(¡’≈âÕ·¢«πÕ¬Ÿà

F control, volume °“√§«∫§ÿ¡µ“¡ª√‘¡“µ√ ∫π√“ß√Ÿªµ—« I „™≈â “°√∂∫√√∑°ÿ πÈ”Àπ°— ∑Ë’
Õ¬àŸ∫πæπÈ◊ ≈à“ß„À⇧≈ÕË◊ π∑)Ë’
G control forms (fire) ∑–‡∫’¬π§«∫§¡ÿ (‰ø) convolate 1. ¢È÷πÊ ≈ßÊ (‡À¡Õ◊ π§≈π◊Ë ≈°Ÿ ‚µÊ)
‰ªµ“¡¬“« 2. ¡â«π°≈¡ 3. ¥Ÿ contorted
H control line (fire) ·π«§«∫§¡ÿ (‰ø) convolute ∫¥‘ ‡«¬’ π*
convulse ™°— °√–µ°ÿ
I control plot ·ª≈ß¡“µ√∞“π‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫ («π.) convulsion Õ“°“√™°— °√–µ°ÿ
convulsive ≈—°…≥–™°— °√–µ°ÿ
J control section ™à«ß§«∫§ÿ¡, ™à«ß∫—ߧ—∫ cooking vat ∂—ߵ⡉¡â*, ∫Õà µâ¡‰¡*â
coolant  “√√–∫“¬§«“¡√âÕπ
K („π°“√®”·π°¥‘π) coontail  “À√à“¬À“ß¡â“ («—™æ◊™π”È „π °ÿ≈
L Ceratophyllum echinatum, A.Gray.)
M control time ‡«≈“∑’§Ë «∫§¡ÿ ‰¥â cooperage °“√∑”∂—߉¡â*, ∂—߉¡*â
copal ™—π™π¥‘ ÀπË÷ß
N convection °“√擧«“¡√âÕπ coppice ª“É ∑‡’Ë °‘¥®“°µÕ, ≈–‡¡“–, ÀπàÕ∑ˇ’ °¥‘
O convector µ—«æ“§«“¡√âÕπ, Õÿª°√≥å´÷Ëßæ“ ®“°µÕ‰¡â∑Ë∂’ °Ÿ µ—¥
coppice, shelterwood √–∫∫‡≈◊Õ°µ—¥„Àâ·µ°
P Õ“°“»º“à π‰ª∫πº«‘ √Õâ π ÀπàÕ‰«√â ¡à
coppice, to µ—¥„À·â µ°ÀπÕà
Q conventional agriculture ‡°…µ√°√√¡ coppice of two rotations √–∫∫µ—¥„Àâ·µ°
ÀπÕà  Õß√Õ∫À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π
R ∑π—  ¡—¬ coppice selection system √–∫∫‡≈Õ◊ °µ—¥„Àâ
·µ°ÀπàÕ
S convention map legend (symbol)  ≠— ≈°— …≥å coppice shoot ÀπÕà ®“°µÕ
T coppice system √–∫∫µ—¥„À·â µ°ÀπàÕ
U ·ºπ∑Ë’

V convergent improvement °“√º ¡°≈—∫‰ª
W À“æàÕ·¡à («‘∏’°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿå·∑â‚¥¬«‘∏’

X º ¡°≈—∫‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–∂à“¬∑Õ¥≈—°…≥–∫“ß

Y Õ¬“à ß®“°æÕà ‰ª„À·â ¡à ·≈–®“°·¡à‰ª„Àæâ Õà )

Z conversion 1. °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π«π«—≤πå«‘∏’À√◊Õ

æπ— ∏åÿ‰¡â («π.) 2. °“√·ª√√ªŸ *

conversion factor ‡ªÕ√凴πÁ µ·å ª√√Ÿª*

converted timber ‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª* (¥Ÿ lumber)

conveyor  “¬æ“π≈”‡≈’¬ß

conveyor, auger-type ‡°≈’¬«≈”‡≈¬’ ß« — ¥ÿ

conveyor, belt  “¬æ“π≈”‡≈¬’ ß

conveyor, chain ‚´à≈”‡≈’¬ß

conveyor, cross Õªÿ °√≥≈å ”‡≈¬’ ß´ß÷Ë ¡·’ π«∑“ß

æ“¥º“à π‡ âπ∑“ß≈”‡≈¬’ ßÕ◊πË

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

71

coppice system, simple √–∫∫µ—¥„Àâ·µ° coriaceous ‡Àπ¬’ «§≈⓬Àπß—  —µ«å A
B
ÀπàÕ∏√√¡¥“ cork ‰¡°â äÕ°*, (°≈à¡ÿ ‡´≈≈∑å Ë’µ“¬·≈«â æ∫µ“¡ C
D
coppice with standard system √–∫∫µ—¥ ∫√‘‡«≥º‘«¢Õß≈”µâπ·≈–√“° ∑’˺π—ߢÕß E
F
„Àâ·µ°ÀπÕà ‰«â‰¡â‚µ ‡´≈≈‡å À≈“à πÈ®’ –¡’ “√æ«° suberin Õ¬Ÿà) G
H
copra ‡π◊ÈÕ¡–æ√â“«·Àâß cork cambium ‡¬◊ËÕ‡®√‘≠∑ Ë’ √â“߉¡â°Õä ° I
J
copulate º ¡æπ— ∏ÿå cork tree ª∫ï (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Millingtonia K
L
copulation °“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ horensis, L.) M
N
corainder º—°™’ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Coraindrum corm À«— , ≈”µπâ 懑 »…™π¥‘ Àπß÷Ë ¡¢’ π“¥ πÈ— µπâ O
P
sativum, L.) ‡°‘¥®“°°“∫„∫´Ë÷ßæÕß‚µ‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥°—π·πàπ Q
R
coral hibiscus æ√àŸ –Àß, 懟à √Õ◊ Àß å (æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ ·≈–·¢Áß ‡™πà À«— ´àÕπ°≈πË‘ Ω√—Ëß ·µ°µà“ß S
T
Hibiscus schizopetalus, Hook.f.) ®“° bulb µ√ß∑’Ë corm ¡‡’ πÕ◊È ‡¬ËÕ◊ ¡“°°«à“ U
V
coral tree 1. ª“√‘™“µ‘ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ ·≈–¡’ scale leaves πâÕ¬°«à“ W
X
Erythrina indica, L.) 2. ∑ÕßÀ≈“ß„∫ cormel corm ¬àÕ¬∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°µâπ·¡à ª√°µ‘¡’ Y
Z
¥“à ß (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Erythrina variegata, ‡ªπì ®”π«π¡“°

L. var. picta, Hort.) cormorant π°°“πÈ”

coral vine æ«ß™¡æ,Ÿ æ«ß𓧠(‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ corn chrysanthemum º—°°“¥ΩÕ¬ (æ™◊ „π

Antigonon leptopus, Hook & Arm.)  °ÿ≈ Chrysanthemum segetum, L.)

cordate √ŸªÀ—«„®*, ≈—°…≥–‡À¡◊Õπ√ŸªÀ—«„® corned beef ‡π◊ÈÕÀ¡°— ‡°≈Õ◊ ∫√√®ÿ°√–ªÕÜ ß

ª≈“¬·À≈¡™’È¢÷Èπ¢â“ß∫π corner, to §«Ëπ— ‰¡â

cordial πÈ”º≈‰¡â corner bind ‚´à¡ÿ¡*

corduroy ≈°Ÿ √–π“¥* corner block √Õ°¡¡ÿ *

corduroy road ∑“ß≈Ÿ°√–π“¥* cornering °“√§«Ëπ— °√–æ*È’

cordwood ‰¡øâ πó *, ‰¡â∑àÕπ‡≈Á°* corn grass À≠â“·¥ß («™— æ◊™‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ

core 1. ‰ â*, „®°≈“ß (S. centre) 2. ‰¡ â «à π Rottboellia exaltata, L.f.)

„π* 3. ·°π°≈“ߢÕߺ≈‰¡â∫“ß™π‘¥´Ë÷ß corniculate ¡ ’ «à π¬π◊Ë ÕÕ°§≈⓬‡¢“ µ— «å

·¢Áß·≈–¡’‡¡≈Á¥ ‡™àπ ·Õª‡ªîô≈ 3. ∑àÕπ corn plant (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ Dracaena

‡À≈°Á , ‚≈À–∑Ë’¡’Õ”π“®·¡‡à À≈Á° 4. ‡®“–, massangeana)

‡Õ“‡¡≈Á¥À√Õ◊ ·°πÕÕ°®“°º≈ corolla °≈’∫¥Õ°, «ß°≈∫’ ¥Õ° ( à«π¢Õß°≈∫’

core, banded ‰ â‡ √¡‘ , ‰ âª–¢Õ∫* ¥Õ°∑È—ßÀ¡¥´÷Ëß·µà≈–°≈’∫¥Õ°Õ“®®–

coreboard 1. ‰¡âÕ—¥‰ â‰¡ªâ √– “π* 2. ‰¡Õâ —¥ ¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°µà“ßÊ °—πÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° ‡™àπ „π

‰ â‰¡âª√–°Õ∫* ¥Õ°∂Ë—« ‡ªπì µπâ )

corestock ‰¡∑â ”‰ *â corolliform ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬°≈’∫¥Õ°

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 72

A corpus °≈¡àÿ ‡´≈≈å„π apical meristem ‡°‘¥ coryza ‚√§À«¥— „π µ— «åªï°
costa °“â π„∫√«¡, ‡ πâ °≈“ß„∫¢Õß„∫‡¥Ë’¬«
B Õ¬Ÿà„µâ™È—π tunica °≈ÿࡇ´≈≈åπÈ’·∫àßµ—«‰ª costapalmate „∫ª“≈å¡·∫∫ palmate ´Ë÷ß¡’

C ∑ÿ°∑»‘ ∑“ß °â“π„∫‡°‘¥∑–≈ÿ·ºàπ„∫ ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡ âπ
DE corpus luteum ‡´≈≈å ‡’ À≈◊Õß∫π√ß— ‰¢´à Ëß÷ ‡°‘¥ °≈“ß„∫
F ¢÷ÈπÀ≈—߉¢àµ° (∑”Àπâ“∑Ë’¢—∫ŒÕ√å‚¡π cotchell ‰¡â¢“¬ª≈’°*
G ‚ª√‡® ‡µÕ‚√π) cotret ¡—¥‰¡âº“à *
cotton ΩÑ“¬ (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Gossypium spp.)
H corral a fire, to ∑”·π«≈âÕ¡‰ø cotton rose æÿ¥µ“≈ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Hibis-
cus mutabilis, L.)
I corrective application °“√„ ªà ÿܬª√∫— √–¥—∫ cotton tree ß‘«È ∫â“π (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ Salmalia
malabarica, Shoott & Endl.)
J §«“¡Õ¥ÿ ¡ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å cotyledon 1. „∫‡≈Ȭ’ ß 2. µ¡àÿ ∫π√° (¬÷¥®∫— °∫—
caruncle ∫πºπ—ß¡¥≈Ÿ°¢Õßµ«— ·¡à)( «.)
K correlation  À —¡æ—π∏å*, §à“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å cotyloid √Ÿª§≈⓬∂⫬
L coucal π°°–ªŸ¥, π°°¥ (π°„π genus
M √–À«à“ߧ«“¡º—π·ª√ ÕßÕ—π´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ‘ √– Centropus sp.)
coulter ·ºπà ‚≈À–∑ÕË’ ¬Ÿà„π·π«¥ß‘Ë ¢“â ßÀπ“â „∫‰∂
N µàÕ°—π ∂â“ Ë‘ßÀπË÷ß¡’®”π«π¡“°¢È÷πÕ’° Ë‘ß „™âµ—¥¥‘π∑’Ë¡’µÕ´—ßÀ√◊Õ«—™æ◊™°àÕπ∑Ë’„∫‰∂
O Àπ÷Ë߬àÕ¡®–¡’¡“°¢È÷π¥â«¬ À√◊Õ„π∑“ß ®–µ¥— æ≈‘°¥π‘ ™«à ¬„Àâ°“√æ≈‘°°≈∫«—™æ◊™
·≈–µÕ´—ߥ’¢È÷π («».)
P °≈∫— °—π§◊Õ¡’πÕâ ¬≈ß ( .) coulter, disc ®“πµ¥— ¥‘π
coulter, knife ¡¥’ µ¥— ¥‘π
Q correlation, coefficient  —¡ª√– ‘∑∏å

R  À ¡— æπ— ∏å* ( .)

S corrosion °“√°√Õà π ≈“¬µ«— *
T
U corrugated ∑”„À‡â ªπì ≈Õπ

V corona (crown)  à«π¢Õߥհ∑Ë’‡°‘¥·∑√°
W √–À«à“ß°≈’∫¥Õ°·≈–‡° √µ—«ºâŸÀ√◊Õ∫π

X °≈’∫¥Õ° ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°≈’∫‡√’¬«Ê ‡°‘¥

Y ‡ªìπ«ßÕ“®¡’¡“°°«à“ 1 «ß ‡™àπ ¥Õ°

Z ‡ “«√ 

cortex (∑∫— »—æ∑å), °≈ÿࡇ´≈≈åæπÈ◊ „π≈”µπâ À√◊Õ coulter, notched ®“πµ¥— ¥π‘

√“° Õ¬àŸ√–À«à“߇´≈≈庫‘ (epidermis) °—∫ coulter, plain ®“πµ¥— ¥‘π„∫‡√¬’ ∫

∑Õà Õ“À“√ (phloem) coulter, ripple edge ®“πµ¥— ¥π‘ ·∫∫¢Õ∫§≈πË◊

corrugation √Õ¬À¬—°‡ªπì §≈◊πË , √Õ¬æ—∫ coulter, skim ‰∂µ—¥¥‘π

corymb ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß (¥Õ°¬àÕ¬‡®√‘≠ coulter injection °“√Õ—¥ªÜÿ¬‡À≈«µ“¡√Õ¬

ÕÕ°¡“®“°°â“π¥Õ°·≈–™Ÿ¥Õ°¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ¬àŸ µ—¥¥‘π

„π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—π °â“π¥Õ°¡—°®–¬“«‰¡à counter ∑«π («».)

‡∑à“°—π ¥Õ°∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ¥â“π∫ππÕ° ÿ¥¢Õß™àÕ counter, tally ‡§√◊ÕË ßπ—∫®”π«π

®–∫“π°Õà π) counter current ≈—°…≥–°“√‰À≈ «π∑“ß

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

73

counter fire, to ‡º“°≈—∫, ‡º“‚µâ À¡Õπ) 3. ∑”∑Ë’√Õß√—∫* (S. bed) A
B
counter shaft ‡æ≈“∑ÀË’ ¡ÿπ∑«π∑‘»∑“ߪ√°µ‘ crane (∑—∫»—æ∑å), Õÿª°√≥å∑Ë’¡’·¢π¬“«„™â C
D
counter veneer ‰¡â∫“ßÕ—¥√ÕßÀπâ“* (‰¡âÕ—¥ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫√Õ° µ–¢Õ‡°’ˬ« À√◊Õ E
F
 Õß™—Èπ, ¥Ÿ veneer) Õÿª°√≥å®—∫«— ¥ÿÕË◊πÀ√◊Õ¿“™π–¢π“¥„À≠à G
H
country cut ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‡º◊ÕË * „™¬â ° ¡— ¿“√–Àπ—° I
J
country rock À‘π∑âÕß∑’Ë crane, sarus π°°–‡√¬’ π (π°„π °≈ÿ Grus K
L
coupe ·ª≈ßµ¥— øπí * (S. cut) antigone sp.) M
N
coupling µ«— µàÕ„Àâ™π‘È  «à π 2 ™Èπ‘ µ¥‘ °π— crank 1. ¢âÕ‡À«¬Ë’ ß 2. À¡πÿ ·¢π∑µË’ ßÈ— ©“°°∫— O
P
coupling, universal ¢âÕµÕà  “°≈∑µ’Ë Õà ‡æ≈“Ê ‡æ≈“ (‡æË◊Õ‡ª≈Ë’¬π°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑Ë’®“°·π« Q
R
ÀπË÷ß„Àâ∂à“¬∑Õ¥°”≈—ß°“√À¡ÿπ‰ª¬—ßÕ’° ‡ πâ µ√߇ªìπ°“√À¡πÿ ) S
T
‡æ≈“Àπ÷Ëß‚¥¬∑’ˇæ≈“∑—Èß Õß¡‘‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà„π crank, drive ‡æ≈“¢Õâ ‡À«Ë’¬ß¢∫— U
V
·π«‡¥¬’ «°—π («».) crank angle ¡ÿ¡√–À«à“ß®ÿ¥∫π‡ âπÕâ“ßÕ‘ß°—∫ W
X
course ™—πÈ ‰¡â„π°Õß* (S. round) µ”·ÀπàߢÕß·¢π∫π‡æ≈“∑Ë’¢≥–„¥¢≥– Y
Z
cover, crown ‡¢µ§≈ÿ¡¢Õ߇√Õ◊ π¬Õ¥ Àπ÷ßË √–À«à“ß°“√À¡ÿπ 1 √Õ∫

cover, game æ◊™°”∫—ß —µ«å crankcase µ—«∂—ß∫√√®ÿ‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬ߷≈–

cover, ground æ™◊ §≈ÿ¡¥‘π ™‘Èπ à«π¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πµå∑’ˇ§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ‡æË◊Õ

cover, low ‰¡æâ ◊Èπ≈à“ß ªÑÕß°—πΩÿÉ𠧫“¡ °ª√° ·≈–§«“¡‡ ’¬

cover board ‰¡‡â 楓πÕÿ‚¡ß§*å (‡À¡◊Õß·√à) À“¬∑Õ’Ë “®‡°‘¥°∫— ¢âÕ‡À«Ë¬’ ßµ“à ßÊ ‰¥â

cover crop æ™◊ §≈¡ÿ ¥‘π cranking °“√À¡πÿ ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¬πµ å π— ¥“ª¿“¬„π

cover cropping °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™§≈ÿ¡¥π‘ cranking mechanism °≈‰°°“√À¡ÿπ¢ÕߢâÕ

covert æ◊™°”∫—ß —µ«å ‡À«¬Ë’ ß

cover type ™π‘¥ªÉ“ crank shaft ‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡ ◊Õ, ‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«¬’Ë ß

cow pea ∂—Ë«æà¡ÿ [æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Vigna sinensis, crape jasmine æÿ¥Ω√—Ëß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

(L.) Saviex-Hassk.] Ervatamia coronaria, stapf)

cowslip creeper ¢®√,  ≈‘¥ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ crape myrtle µ–·∫°, ¬‡’Ë ¢ßà (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ

Talosma minor) Lagerstroemia indica, L.)

crab 1. §«“¡‡´ 2. ·∑àπ‡¢Á¡·æ*, ·∑àπ crate ∂ß— „ à¢Õß

°«â“ππ”·æ* («π.) crate, to ∫√√®¢ÿ Õß≈ß≈ß—

crab line hookless §—π∏ß (‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡◊Õ¢π“¥ crater À≈¡ÿ

‡≈°Á ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬‡∫¥Á „™ºâ Ÿ°‡À¬ÕË◊ ≈Õà ª)Ÿ crater, volcanic ª≈Õà ß¿‡Ÿ ¢“‰ø*

crack √Õ¬·µ°*, √Õ¬√“â «*, ∑”„À·â µ°√“â « crate wood ‰¡â´Ë’∑”≈—ß*

cradle 1. ‡ª≈, ‡ª≈´ÿß* 2. ∞“π∫“°≈“à ß (√«¡ crawler µπ’ µ–¢“∫*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 74

A cream (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å , πÈ”π¡∑Ë¡’ ’‰¢¡π—  ßŸ crib stack °Õ߉¡·â ∫∫ “¡‡À≈¬’Ë ¡* (¥Ÿ stack)
cribiform membrane À≈¡ÿ ºπ—߇´≈≈·å ∫∫¡’
B creaming °“√∑”‰¡â·∫∫‡øÑπµ—¥*, °“√‡≈◊Õ°
‡ πâ ΩÕ¬* (¥Ÿ pit)
C ∑”·µà‰¡â™πÈ— ¥’ (¥Ÿ selective cutting) cribiform pit À≈¡ÿ ºπß— ‡´≈≈·å ∫∫¡‡’  πâ ΩÕ¬*
D
E credit, agricultural  π‘ ‡™Ë◊Õ°“√‡°…µ√ (¥Ÿ pit)
crimping º‘«‡ªπì §≈◊Ëπ*
F creep 1. °“√À¬àÕπ* 2. ‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’ËÕ¬à“ß crimps °“√¬∫ÿ * (S.collapse)
G √–¡—¥√–«—ß 3. §≈“π, ≈Õ¥, ¡ÿ¥ crimson China °ÿÀ≈“∫·¥ß (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °≈ÿ

H creep, soil ¥‘π‡≈Õ◊Ë π, ¥‘π§◊∫, °“√§∫◊ ¢Õߥπ‘ Rosa chinensis, Jacq.)
crimson China rose °ÿÀ≈“∫·¥ß®’π, ¬ Ë’ àÿπÀπŸ
I creeper ‰¡â‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ (¡—°¡’√“°‡°‘¥µ≈Õ¥§«“¡
[‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Rosa chinensis, Jacq.
J ¬“«¢Õß≈”µâπ) (var. semperflorens) Koehne.]
crinker joint √Õ¬µàÕ‡°¬* (¥Ÿ joint)
K creep feed Õ“À“√ —µ«åÕàÕπ, °“√®—¥Õ“À“√ crispate ‡ªìπÀ¬—°¬à¬Ÿ Ë’
crispness §«“¡°√Õ∫
L §ÿ≥¿“楒‰«â„Àâ≈Ÿ° —µ«å‰¥â°‘π·¬°®“°¢Õß crisscross ‰¢«,â ¢“â ¡, °≈—∫‰ª°≈—∫¡“
M crisscross, different breeds °“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå
N ·¡à (·¡ à µ— «å‰¡ à “¡“√∂‡¢“â ‰ª°π‘ Õ“À“√‰¥)â ·∫∫‰¢«Àâ √◊Õ ≈—∫
criss-cross inheritance °“√ ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ∑’Ë
O creep-feeder Õÿª°√≥å„ÀâÕ“À“√ —µ«å ¡’√—È«∑Ë’ ≈—°…≥–∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡‚¥¬¬’π∑Ë’¡’µ”·Àπàß
Õ¬∫Ÿà π‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ»
P  —µ«å¢π“¥‡≈Á° “¡“√∂≈Õ¥ºà“π·≈–°‘π criteria ∫√√∑¥— ∞“π
criteria reaction ªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “«°‘ ƒµ‘
Q Õ“À“√‰¥‚â ¥¬‰¡‚à ¥π µ— «¢å 𓥄À≠°à «“à ·¬ßà

R creeping fig 1. µ’πµä°ÿ ·° (æ™◊ „π °ÿ≈ Ficus

S pumila 2. ¡–‡¥◊ËÕ‡∂“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈

T Aganosma marginata, G.Don.)
U
V creeping tuberose ´àÕπ°≈π‘Ë ‡∂“, ™–≈¥Ÿ ™â“ß

W (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Stephanotis floribunda,
X Brongn.)

Y creeping water primrose ·æß櫬π”È («™— æ™◊

Z πÈ”„π °ÿ≈ Jussiaea repens, L.)

cremocarp ¥Ÿ schizocarp critical day-length §«“¡¬“««π— «‘°ƒµ‘ (æ◊™

crenate À¬—°¡π*, ¡’À¬—°°≈¡°«â“ß, ¡’øíπ «—π —Èπ®–ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥â µâÕ߉¥â√—∫· ß «à“ß

°≈¡∑‡àŸ ªìπ´Ë’Ê µÕà ™«à ß 24 ™«—Ë ‚¡ßπÕâ ¬°«“à §«“¡¬“««°‘ ƒµ‘

creosote oil π”È ¡π— §√‚’ Õ‚´µ* æ◊™«—𬓫®–ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥âµâÕ߉¥â√—∫· ß

crest 1.  π— , ¬Õ¥ 2. ÀßÕπ ( —µ«)å  «à“ßµàÕ™à«ß 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ¡“°°«à“§«“¡

crested ¢Õ∫∑Ë’¡’À¬—°‰¡‡à ªπì √–‡∫¬’ ∫ ¬“««π— «‘°ƒµ)‘

crib(bing) 1. ·æ´ßÿ *, ∑àÿπ°—°‰¡*â 2. °Õ߉¡â critical moisture §«“¡™◊Èπ«‘°ƒµ‘ (®”π«π

·∫∫ “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡ 3. §Õ°À‘π* 4. ∞“π π”È ∑Ë’¡’Õ¬àŸ∫π‡¡Á¥¥‘π ≥ §«“¡¥—π 15

§Õ°À¡*Ÿ (S. cog) ∫√√¬“°“»)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

75

critical relative humidity : CRH crop nutrient uptake °“√¥¥Ÿ ∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊ A
B
§«“¡™Èπ◊  —¡æ—∑∏å«°‘ ƒµ‘ cropping system √–∫∫°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ™◊ C
D
crook 1.§¥*, ‰¡§â ¥*, ‚§âߥâ“π¢â“ß (S. knee) crop residue management : CRM °“√ E
F
2. ‚°àß* (¥Ÿ warp) ®¥— °“√‡»…‡À≈◊Õæ™◊ G
H
crop 1. æ◊™º≈ (°….) 2. ª√‘¡“≥æ™◊ º≈∑Ë’‡°Á∫ crop residue management system √–∫∫ I
J
‡°’ˬ«‰¥â„πƒ¥ŸÀπË÷ß 3. ¬Õ¥®”π«πÀ≈ÿ¡ °“√®—¥°“√‡»…‡À≈Õ◊ æ◊™ K
L
‡®“–¬“ß* («π.) 4. °√–‡æ“–æ—°Õ“À“√ crop rotation °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ À¡πÿ ‡«’¬π M
N
Õ¬Ÿà„µâ§Õ —µ«åªï° („™â‡°Á∫Õ“À“√™Ë—«§√“«) crop sharing °“√·∫àߺ≈º≈‘µ (·∑π§à“‡™à“ O
P
( «.) ∑’Ë¥π‘ ) Q
R
crop, to 1. ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ 2. ·∑–‡≈Á¡æ◊™Õ“À“√ crop tree µâπ‰¡æâ ◊™º≈ S
T
 —µ«∑å Ë’ª≈Ÿ°‰«â 3. „Àâº≈º≈‘µ crop type ™π¥‘ ª“É U
V
crop, cash æ™◊ ‡»√…∞°‘® crook ‚§âßßÕ, ‚°ßà W
X
crop, cover æ◊™§≈ÿ¡ cross 1. ≈°Ÿ º ¡ 2. ∑”„À⇰¥‘ ≈°Ÿ º ¡ 3. °“√ Y
Z
crop, deep rooted æ™◊ ∑’Ë¡√’ “°À¬Ëß— ≈°÷ º ¡¢“â ¡æ—π∏åÿ 4. ‰¢«â, ¢“â ¡, æ“¥¢«“ß°—π

crop, final æ™◊ º≈∑‡’Ë °Á∫‡°¬’Ë «§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬ cross, to º ¡¢“â ¡

crop, main æ™◊ º≈À≈°— cross, double ≈Ÿ°º ¡§àŸ, ≈Ÿ°º ¡ F ∑’ˉ¥â
crop, nurse æ™◊ æˇ’ ≈¬È’ ß 2
crop, pure ª“É ≈«â π ®“°°“√º ¡√–À«“à ß F ¢Õß≈Ÿ°º ¡‡¥Ë¬’ «
1

cross, out °“√º ¡¢â“¡‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘√–À«à“ß

crop, seedling æ™◊ º≈∑‡’Ë °‘¥®“°‡¡≈¥Á æ◊™´÷Ëß¡’æÈ◊π∞“π∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡·µ°µà“ß°—π

crop, uniform æ™◊ º≈«¬— ‡¥’¬«°π— (¥Ÿ cross pollination)

crop husbandry ° ‘°√√¡, °“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ° cross, reciprocal °“√º ¡ ≈—∫, °“√º ¡

crop logging °√“ø· ¥ßª√‘¡“≥º≈º≈‘µ°—∫ °≈—∫‡æ»√–À«à“ßæ—π∏åÿ 2 æ—π∏åÿ ‚¥¬¡’°“√

ªí®®—¬µ“à ßÊ ∑Ë¡’ µ’ Õà °“√‡®√≠‘ ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ¢Õßæ™◊  ≈—∫æÕà ·≈–·¡à ‡™πà AxB ·≈– BxA

‡ªìπ°“√°”À𥉫â«à“ ∂â“ªí®®¬— „π°“√‡®√‘≠ cross, single ≈Ÿ°º ¡‡¥’¬Ë « (‡ªπì ≈Ÿ°º ¡ F
1

¡’‡∑à“πÈπ— ‡∑à“π®’È –‰¥âº≈º≈‘µ‡ªπì Õ¬à“߉√ √–À«“à ß Õß “¬æ—π∏ÿ·å ∑)â

crop nutrient budget ß∫¥≈ÿ ∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊ cross, test °“√º ¡°—∫ homozygous

crop nutrient recycling °“√À¡ÿπ‡«¬’ π°≈∫— recessive ‡æË◊Õ∑¥ Õ∫ linkage ·≈–

¢Õß∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™ homozygosity

crop nutrient removal °“√¥ß÷ ∏“µÿÕ“À“√‰ª cross, three-way ≈Ÿ°º ¡ “¡∑“ß (‡ªìπ°“√

°∫— æ◊™ º ¡√–À«à“ß “¡ “¬æ—π∏åÿ ∑”„Àâ≈Ÿ°º ¡

crop nutrient sources ·À≈àß∏“µÕÿ “À“√æ◊™ ∑’ˉ¥¡â “®“°æàÕ·¡ à “¡æ—π∏)ÿå

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 76

A cross, top °“√º ¡æ◊™∑’Ë®–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°°—∫µ—« crosser ‰¡§â π—Ë * (¥Ÿ sticker)
cross fertility °“√º ¡¢â“¡∑’Ë„À⇡≈¥Á ´Ë÷߇¡Õ◊Ë
B ∑¥ Õ∫µ—«„¥µ—«Àπß÷Ë
π”¡“‡æ“–®–ßÕ°‰¥â
C cross-arm ‰¡§â Õ𠓬* («π.) cross fertilization °“√ªØ ‘ π∏¢‘ “â ¡
D crossfield ∫√‡‘ «≥√»— ¡∑’ “∫µ¥— * (S. ray cross-
E cross-band 1. ·ºàπ¢«“ß* 2. «“ߢ«“ß
ing)
F ‡ ¬È’ π*(«π.) crossfield pit À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å„π∫√‘‡«≥√—»¡’
G cross bar ·°π¢«“ß
∑“∫µ¥— * (¥Ÿ pit)
H cross bedding °“√«“ß™È—π‡©’¬ß√–¥∫— * (°“√ crossfield pitting °“√‡√¬’ ßµ«— À≈ÿ¡ºπß— ‡´≈≈å

I «“ßµ—«¢Õß™—ÈπÀ‘π‚¥¬‡Õ’¬ß‡∑‡ªìπ¡ÿ¡°—∫ „π∫√‡‘ «≥√»— ¡∑’ “∫µ¥— * (¥Ÿ pitting)
cross fruitful ·Àßà °“√º ¡¢“â ¡∑Ë’„Àâ¥Õ°º≈
J ·π«√–¥—∫™È—πÀ‘πª√°µ‘ ‡πË◊Õß®“°°“√ cross grain ‡ ’¬È π¢«“ß*
crosshaul 1. ≈“π°«â“π‰¡â* 2. °«â“π¢«“ß
K ‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈ß∑»‘ ∑“ߢÕß°√–· π”È À√Õ◊ ≈¡
∑Õà π* (S. parbuckle)
L ∑”„Àâµ–°Õπ¥‘π∑√“¬‰¡àÕ“®µ°≈ß„π cross incompatibility °“√º ¡¢â“¡∑Ë’‰¡à„Àâ
M
N √–¥—∫ª√°µ‘‰¥â µâÕ߇Ւ¬ß‰ªµ“¡·π« ¥Õ°º≈, ‰¡ à “¡“√∂º ¡¢â“¡°—π‰¥â
crossing °“√º ¡¢“â ¡æπ— ∏åÿ
O °√–· π”È À√◊Õ≈¡) crossing over : crossover 1. °“√‰¢«‡â ª≈¬’Ë π,

P cross bolt  ≈—°°—π‰¡â·µ°* («π.) (S. °“√·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π™È‘π à«π¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡
∑’Ë¡“®—∫§Ÿà°—π„π°“√·∫àßµ—«·∫∫ meiosis
Q stitchbolt) À√◊Õ mitosis „π∫“ß°√≥’ 2. °“√·≈°
‡ª≈¬Ë’ π ¥—  «à π√–À«“à ß non-sister chro-
R cross break : cross fracture √Õ¬À°— ¢«“ß matids ¢Õß homologous chromosomes

S ‡ È’¬π* («π.)

T cross-breaking strength ·√ߥ—¥À—°* (¥Ÿ
U
V strength)

W crossbred  µ— «≈å °Ÿ §√÷ßË , ≈Ÿ°º ¡
X cross breed æ—π∏åÿº ¡

Y cross-breeding °“√º ¡¢â“¡æπ— ∏åÿ

Z cross compatibility °“√º ¡¢“â ¡∑Ë’„À¥â Õ°º≈

(æ∏.) crossing, ray ∫√‡‘ «≥√»— ¡∑’ “∫µ¥— * (S. cross-

cross conveying °“√≈”‡≈¬’ ßæ“¥¢«“ß°—π field)

crosscut, to 1. ∑Õπ‰¡â*, ∑Õπ´ßÿ (S. buck) crossing sleeper : crossing timber ‰¡Àâ ¡Õπ

2. µ¥— ¢«“߇ ’¬È π* (S. square-cut) ª√–·®*, ‰¡Àâ ¡Õπ懑 »… («π.) (S. switch

crosscut saw ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬∑Õπ*, ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬µ¥— * (¥Ÿ saw) tie)

cross cutter §π∑Õπ´ßÿ * («π.) (S. bucker, cross pollination °“√º ¡¢â“¡ (°“√

logger) ∂“à ¬∑Õ¥≈–ÕÕ߇° √µ—«º®âŸ “°æπ— ∏Àåÿ πËß÷ ‰ª

cross drill °“√ª≈Ÿ°‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™‚¥¬„Àâ·∂«¢Õß ¬—߇° √µ—«‡¡’¬¢ÕßÕ’°æ—π∏ÿåÀπË÷ß „π∑“ß

‡¡≈¥Á µ—¥°π— ‡ªπì ¡ÿ¡ 90 Õß»“ 惰…»“ µ√Àå ¡“¬∂ß÷ °“√º ¡¢“â ¡µπâ  «à π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

77

„π∑“ßæ◊™ «πÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√º ¡√–À«à“ß (‡™πà °Õµ–‰§√)â , æ¡àÿ „∫, µ–‡°¬’ ß ∫— ª–√¥, A
B
æπ— ∏åÿ‰¡æâ ◊™™π¥‘ ‡¥¬’ «°π— ) ®ÿ°∑Ë’‡°‘¥∫πº≈ —∫ª–√¥ 3. ‡√◊Õπ¬Õ¥* C
D
cross section Àπ“â µ¥— * («π.), ¿“æµ¥— ¢«“ß, («π.) E
F
¥“â πÀπ⓵¥— * (S. transverse section) crown class ™πÈ— ‡√Õ◊ π¬Õ¥ G
H
cross shaft ‡æ≈“∑Ë’µàÕ®“°‡§√Ë◊Õß®—°√‡æ◊ËÕ crown-cut °“√‡≈◊ËÕ¬¢«“߇ âπ√—»¡’, ∑’ˇ≈Ë◊Õ¬ I
J
∂“à ¬∑Õ¥°”≈ß— ®“°¥“â πÀπßË÷ ‰ªÕ’°¥“â πÀπßË÷ µ—¥√—»¡’*, ∑’ˇ≈Ë◊Õ¬·∫∫À≈—ßÀ¡Ÿ (¥Ÿ flat- K
L
cross stack °Õ߉¡·â ∫∫¢«“߇µ“* (Õ∫‰¡)â (¥Ÿ sawed) M
N
stack) crown depth : crown length §«“¡Àπ“ O
P
cross sterility °“√º ¡¢“â ¡∑’Ë„À‡â ¡≈¥Á ·µà‡¡ÕË◊ ¢Õ߇√Õ◊ π¬Õ¥ Q
R
‡Õ“‰ª‡æ“–®–‰¡ßà Õ° crown grafting °“√µàÕ°‘Ëß∫πµÕ‰¡â ∑”‰¥â S
T
crosstie ‰¡Àâ ¡Õπ√∂‰ø* [S. rail (way) tie, ‚¥¬°“√µ¥— µπâ ‰¡â„À‡â À≈Õ◊ µÕ™¥‘ °∫— ¥π‘ ·≈«â U
V
sleeper, tie] π”°‘ßË ¡“µàÕ∫πµπâ µÕπÈπ— W
X
cross unfruitful ·Ààß°“√º ¡¢â“¡∑’Ë„Àâ crown height, lower §«“¡ Ÿß∂÷ß°ßË‘ ·√° Y
Z
º≈‰¡¥à ° crown height, upper §«“¡ Ÿß∂÷ß∞“π‡√◊Õπ

crotch 1. ß“à ¡‰¡*â , ¡¡ÿ ∑°Ë’ ßË‘ ∑”°∫— ¬Õ¥ (S. fork) ¬Õ¥

2. ‡≈Õ◊Ë π‰¡ßâ “à ¡* (S. alligator, go-devil, crown of the throne ‚ª¬Ö ‡´’¬π, «“à π‡»√…∞’

lizard, slipe, travoy) 3. ∫“°* (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ Euphorbia

crotch to ∫“°‰¡â splendens, Bojer)

crotch figure ≈“¬‰¡‚â §πßà“¡* (¥Ÿ figure) crown (percent : ratio) ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µ‡å √Õ◊ π¬Õ¥

crotch veneer ‰¡∫â “ß®“°‚§πß“à ¡* (¥Ÿ veneer) crown root §Õ√“°

croton ‚° π (‰¡âª√–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Codiaeum crown shaft  à«π∑’ˬË◊πÕÕ°¡“®“°≈”µâπ¡’

variegatum, Blume) ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ≈” ‡°‘¥®“°°“√´âÕπ¢Õß∞“π

crow, house π°·° (π°„π °ÿ≈ Corvus °“∫„∫ æ∫„πª“≈å¡∫“ß™π‘¥

splendens) crown slip ¥Ÿ crown

crow, large-billed °“ (π°„π °≈ÿ Corvus crown tree ‰¡‡â À≈’¬Ë ¡‚°≈π*

macrorhynchus) cruise  ”√«®ª√–‡¡‘π‰¡â* (S. assess)

crow foot grass À≠⓪“°§«“¬ [«—™æ◊™‡¢µ crumb 1. ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥®—∫°—π‡ªìπ°âÕπÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπ

√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ Dactyloctenium aegyptium °√–®°ÿ , ·∫∫°âÕπ°≈¡æ√πÿ (ª∞.) 2. ‡»…

(L.) Richter.] ™‘Èπ‡≈Á°Ê ¢ÕßÕ“À“√·Àâß (‡™àπ ¢π¡ªíß,

crown 1. ∞“π¢Õßµπâ ‰¡∑â √Ë’ “°‚º≈Õà Õ°, ∫√‡‘ «≥ ¢π¡‡§â°) 3. Õ“À“√·ÀâߪÉπ‰¥â®“°

‚§πµπâ µ√ß√Õ¬µÕà √–À«“à ßµπâ °∫— √“° 2. °Õ ¢π¡ªíßÀ√Õ◊ ‡§°â ∫¥·Àâß

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 78

A crumble ∑”„Àâ·µ°‚¥¬∑”„À‡â ªìπ™π‘È ‡≈Á°Ê crystal, styloid º≈÷°·∑ßà ¬“«*
crystalline ∑”¥â«¬º≈÷°
B crumb structure ‚§√ß √â“ß (¥‘π) ·∫∫°âÕπ crystalline cellulose ‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈  ≥— ∞“π*
crystalline rock À‘πº≈°÷
C °≈¡æ√πÿ (ª∞.) crystallise µ°º≈°÷
D crystallite  à«π∑Ë¡’  ’ —≥∞“π*
E crush ∫¥≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥, ∫’∫ crystal sand °âÕπº≈÷°
crystal sand crystal º≈÷°‡¡¥Á ∑√“¬
F crushing (failure) °“√·µ°À—°®“°°“√Õ—¥* crystorchidism  ¿“«–∑’Ë≈Ÿ°Õ—≥±– —µ«åÀπË÷ß
G (¥Ÿ failure)
À√◊Õ Õß≈°Ÿ ‰¡à≈ß¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π∂ÿßÕ—≥±–
H crushing strength ·√ßÕ—¥* (¥Ÿ strength) crytocrystalline º≈÷°™π¥‘ ‡≈Á°¡“°
crytogamic botany 惰…»“ µ√æå ◊™‰√‡â ¡≈Á¥
I crushing strength at maximum load ·√ß cube ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å*
cubical rot °“√ºÿ·∫∫ Ë’‡À≈¬Ë’ ¡ (¥Ÿ rot)
J Õ—¥ Ÿß ÿ¥* (¥Ÿ strength) cuckoo π°§—§§Ÿ
cuckoo, ground (red-billed) π°‚°‚√‚°‚ 
K crushing stress §«“¡‡§πâ ®“°·√ßÕ¥—  ßŸ  ¥ÿ *
(π°„π °≈ÿ Carpococcyx renauldi)
L (¥Ÿ stress) cucumber ·µß°«“, ·µß√â“π (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈
M
N crust 1. ·ºπà , ‡ª≈◊Õ° 2. º‘«πÕ°¢Õߢπ¡ªíß, Cucumis sativus, L.)
cucumber tree µ–≈‘ߪ≈‘ß (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈
O º‘«Àπâ“¢π¡Õ∫∑’Ë¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈, 3.  à«π·¢Áß
Averrhoa bilimbi, L.)
P ¢Õߺ‘«‚≈° cuesta ‡¢“√ªŸ Õ’‚µ*â , ¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “æ·∫∫‡¢“Õ‚’ µâ
cull (°≈“â )§—¥∑ßÈ‘ , ‰¡·â ª*É , ‰¡§â ≥ÿ ¿“æµË”*, °“√
Q crustacean  —µ«®å ”æ«°°ßâÿ

R crust, soil ·ºàπ§√“∫·¢ßÁ Àπâ“¥π‘

S cryic (∑∫— »—æ∑)å , ™πÈ— Õÿ≥À¿¡Ÿ ‘¥π‘ ´Ë÷ß¡’§“à ‡©≈’¬Ë

T ¢ÕßÕ≥ÿ À¿¡Ÿ µ‘ ≈Õ¥ªÕï ¬√àŸ –À«“à ß 0-8 CÌ «¥—
U
V ∑Ë’√–¥∫— §«“¡≈÷° 50 ´¡. ®“°º‘«¥π‘

W cryogenic ‡°¬Ë’ «°∫— ¿“«–‡¬Áπ‡¬◊Õ°
X cryogenic freezing °“√·™à‡¬Õ◊ °·¢ßÁ

Y cryogenics Õµ‘ —µ»“ µ√å

Z cryostat ¿“™π–‡¬Áπ‡¬Õ◊ °

cryptogam °≈¡ÿà ¢Õßæ™◊ ∑¢Ë’ ¬“¬æπ— ∏‚ÿå ¥¬ ªÕ√å §—¥∑‘Èß, °“√‡øÑπµ—¥*, °“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—¥, À—°

‡™πà ‡øî√πå , ¡Õ  å µ”Àπ‘*

cryptorchid : cryptorchis Õ≥— ±–∑Õß·¥ß cull, to §—¥∑‘Èß, À—° «à πÕÕ°, ‡≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°¡“

( —µ«∑å ≈Ë’ °Ÿ Õ≥— ±–‰¡à≈ß¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π∂ßÿ Õ≥— ±–) cull, mill ‰¡â§ÿ≥¿“æµË”* (∑Ë’‡≈◊ËÕ¬·≈â«),

cryptorchidism  ¿“«–∑ ’Ë µ— «¡å Õ’ ≥— ±–∑Õß·¥ß ‡»…‰¡â*

crystal º≈°÷ * cull, woods ‡»…‰¡ªâ ≈“¬‰¡â*

crystal, acicular º≈÷°√Ÿª‡¢Á¡* culler §π«¥— ‰¡â* À√Õ◊ §—¥µ¥— ‰¡â (S. scaler)

crystal, druse º≈÷°°Õâ π°≈¡* culling °“√§—¥æ◊™À√Õ◊  —µ«∑å ’¡Ë ’§ÿ≥¿“æ‡≈«∑‘Èß

crystal, raphid º≈÷°√Ÿª°≈¡ÿà ‡¢Á¡* culm 1. ≈”µâπ¢Õßæ◊™®”æ«°‰ºà, À≠â“

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

79

2. ≈”ª≈âÕß («π.) cup 1. §Ÿ°—π‰ø 2. ∂⫬*(√Õ߬“ß) A
B
cultigen æ◊™∑’ˇ√“π”¡“ª≈Ÿ°·µà‰¡à∑√“∫∫√√æ- cupids paint ÀªŸ ≈“™Õà π [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ C
D
∫ÿ√…ÿ ¥Èß— ‡¥‘¡ Emilia sonchifolia, (L.) DC.] E
F
cultimulcher ‡§√◊ËÕßæ√«π·∫∫≈Ÿ°°≈ȑߙ૬ cupping 1. °“√‡®“–À≈ÿ¡* 2. °“√‡µ√’¬¡ G
H
(¥Ÿ harrow, roller) ‡®“–*(¬“ß π) (S. setting up) 3. ‚§âß I
J
cultivar æ—π∏ÿåæ™◊ (¥Ÿ variety) √Ÿª∂⫬ 4. ÀàÕµ—«* (¥Ÿ warp) K
L
cultivate ‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°, ‰∂æ√«π, ∑”‡¢µ°√√¡ cupping axe º÷ËßÀπⓇ«“â * M
N
cultivated plant ¥Ÿ cultigen cupressoid pit À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å·∫∫‰¡â °ÿ≈ O
P
cultivation °“√‡¢µ°√√¡ (°“√°√–∑”°—∫¥‘𠧫‘ ‡æ√ ´— * (¥Ÿ pit) Q
R
„π°“√∑”‰√à ∑” «π), °“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°, °“√ cup shake √Õ¬√“â «µ“¡«ßªï (¥Ÿ shake) S
T
æ√«π cupule ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬∂⫬ (µ√ß∞“π¢Õߺ≈ U
V
cultivation, shifting ‰√‡à ≈ÕË◊ π≈Õ¬, °“√∑”‰√à ∫“ß™π‘¥) W
X
‡≈Ë◊Õπ≈Õ¬ curd 1. ¥Õ°¢Õß°–À≈”Ë ¥Õ° 2. °Õâ π‚ª√µ’π Y
Z
cultivator ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßæ√«π (¥π‘ ) ∑’˵°µ–°Õπ·¬°µ—«®“°π”È π¡‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡

cultivator, disc ™¥ÿ ‰∂¬Õà ¬¥π‘ ·∫∫®“π°√–∑– °√¥≈߉ª (Õµ.)

(¥Ÿ harrow, disc) curdle µ°µ–°Õπ

cultivator, field ™ÿ¥‰∂¬àÕ¬¥π‘ √–¬–∂’Ë cure 1. °“√‡°∫Á ∂πÕ¡‚¥¬µ“°·ÀâßÀ√◊Õ«∏‘ ’ÕπË◊

cultivator, rolling ™¥ÿ ‰∂¬àÕ¬¥π‘ ·∫∫°ß®°— √ ´÷Ëߧ≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π 2. °“√Õ∫ºË÷߉¡â («π.)

cultivator, spring tine æ√«π´Ë’ 3. (°“«) ·¢Áßµ«— * 4. ·Àâß* 5. ∫à¡, À¡°—

cultivator, rolling ridger ™¥ÿ ‰∂¬Õà ¬¥π‘ ·∫∫ cure, to ∑”„Àâ (°“«) ·¢ßÁ µ«—

°ß®—°√ª√–°Õ∫°∫— ‰∂¬°√àÕß curf §≈Õ߇≈Õ◊Ë ¬*, ∫“°≈à“ß (¥Ÿ kerf)

cultivator, rotary ‰∂À¡πÿ curing °“√∫¡à , °“√‡°∫Á ∂πÕ¡ (À≠“â À√◊Õæ◊™)

cultural operations °“√∫”√ÿߪɓ ‚¥¬«‘∏µ’ “°·ÀâßÀ√◊Õ°√√¡«∏‘ ’ÕËπ◊ Ê

cultural perfection °“√‡≈È’¬ß¥‡’ ¬Ë’¬¡ curing of fertilizers °“√∫ࡪÿܬ (°“√‡°∫Á ª¬Üÿ

culture ‡æ“–, °“√‡æ“–, °“√‡æ“–‡™Õ◊È ,  ß‘Ë ‡æ“– ‡§¡’´÷Ëߺ≈‘µ‰¥â„À¡àÊ ‰«â‡ªìπ°Õߙ˗«√–¬–

cultures, hydroponic °“√ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ „ππ”È ¬“ ‡«≈“Àπ÷Ëß°àÕπ𔉪„™â ¡‘©–πÈ—πªÿܬ®–®—∫

cumin ¥Ÿ cumin seed µ—«‡ªπì °âÕπ·¢Áß)

cumin seed ¬’ËÀ√à“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Cuminium curing time ™à«ß‡«≈“ (°“«) ·¢Áßµ—«‡µÁ¡∑*Ë’

symimum, L.) (S. gluing time)

cumulative process ¢∫«π°“√ – ¡ curl ‰¡‚â §πß“à ¡* ( ”À√∫— ∑”‰¡∫â “ß)

cuneate √Ÿª≈Ë‘¡ ª√°µ‘·§∫¡∞’ “π°«â“ß curler ‡§√◊ËÕßÕÿª°√≥凰…µ√°√√¡™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß

cunet : cunit (Àπ«à ¬) §«‘ ‡πµ, §‘«πµ‘ ≈—°…≥–‡À¡◊Õπ®“π „™â ”À√—∫æ√«π¥‘π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 80

A °∫— æ◊™∑Ë’ª≈°Ÿ „π√Õà ß∑”‡ªπì ·∂«¬“« Ê cut allowable «πº≈µ‘ º≈∑Ë’¬Õ¡„Àâ
cutan §√“∫«µ— ∂ÿ
B curl figure ≈“¬‰¡â‚§πßà“¡*, ≈“¬À“ߪ≈“* cutch  ’‡ ’¬¥*,  ‡’  ’¬¥‡Àπ◊Õ (µπâ ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈

C (¥Ÿ figure) Acacia catechu, Willd.)
D cutch, pale º≈÷° ’‡ ’¬¥,  ’‡ ’¬¥‡∑»*
E curly figure : curly grain ≈“¬§≈Ëπ◊ *
[S. catichu, kath(a), Keersale]
F current annual increment : c.a.i. §«“¡ cut flower ‰¡µâ ¥— ¥Õ°
cutia π°¢µ— ¬‘ “ (π°„π °≈ÿ Cutia nipalensis)
G ‡æ‘Ë¡æπŸ √“¬ªï cuticle 1. ™È—π¢Õß “√∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬¢È’º÷Èß

H curtain kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫¡“à π* (¥Ÿ kiln, dry) ‡§≈Õ◊ ∫Õ¬µŸà “¡‡´≈≈ºå «‘ ¥“â ππÕ°, π«≈‰¢,à
‡§≈Õ◊ ∫º«‘ 2. º«‘ ™πÈ— πÕ°¢Õ߉ ‡â ¥Õ◊ πΩÕ¬
I curve, drying ‡ πâ ‚§ßâ ¢≥–(¥‘π)·Àâß (ª∞.) cuticularization °√–∫«π°“√‡°‘¥™—πÈ ¢Õß “√
∑Ë’¡≈’ °— …≥–§≈⓬¢È’ºÈß÷ (cuticle)
J curve, wetting ‡ âπ‚§âߢ≥–(¥‘π)‡ª¬ï ° (ª∞.) cutin  “√∑’Ë¡≈’ —°…≥–·≈– ¡∫µ— ‘§≈“â ¬¢È’ºß÷È
cutinization °√–∫«π°“√‡°‘¥ cutin „πºπß—
K curve, soil moisture characteristic ‡ âπ ‡´≈≈å
L cutlass ¡¥’ ¢Õ, æ√“â À«¥* (¥Ÿ bush knife)
M ‚§ßâ ≈—°…≥–§«“¡™È◊π¢Õߥ‘π cut-off (fire) ·π« °—¥‰ø, µ¥— , ∑”„À⢓¥®“°
°π—
N curve, soil moisture release ‡ âπ‚§âß°“√ cut out √–¬–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßæ™◊ ∑Ë’‰¡à¡’„∫
·≈–¥Õ°
O ª≈¥ª≈Õà ¬§«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õߥ‘π cut-over land æÈπ◊ ∑Ë’ Ê ‡ªπì ªÉ“·≈â«∂°Ÿ µ¥— ‚§πà
‡À≈◊Õ·µàµÕ√–‡°–√–°–∑«Ë— ‰ª
P curve, soil moisture retention ‡ âπ‚§ßâ °“√

Q ¥Ÿ¥¬÷¥§«“¡™πÈ◊ ¢Õߥπ‘

R cuspidate ª≈“¬·À≈¡·¢ßÁ

S custard apple πâÕ¬‚Àπàß, πÕâ ¬Àπß— (µπâ ‰¡â
T
U „π °ÿ≈ Annona reticulata, L.)

V cut 1.‰¡âµ¥— * (°“√·∫àß™π—È ‰¡)â , √Õ¬µ—¥¢Õß°ßË‘
W ‰¡â (S. cutting), 2. º≈º≈µ‘ ‰¡®â “°·ª≈ß*,

X 3. ™È‘π à«π‰¡â°√–¥“π 4. ·ª≈ßµ—¥øíπ*

Y (S. coupe) 5. °“√‰∂¥π‘ ‡ªìπ√àÕß≈°÷

Z cut, to 1. µ—¥øíπ, µ—¥‚§àπ* 2. µ—¥À≠Ⓣª

‡≈¬’È ß —µ«å cuttage «∏‘ ’°“√µ—¥™”

cut, annual : periodic «πº≈‘µº≈√“¬§“∫ cutter 1. „∫¡¥’ * (S. knife) 2. §π‚§πà ‰¡*â

À√◊Õ√“¬ªï (S. faller, feller)

cut, country ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬‡º◊ËÕ* cutterbar 1. ·ºπà ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‚´à, §“π√∫— ‚´à* 2. „∫

cut, falling °“√∑Õπ§√Èß— ·√°* ¡¥’ µ—¥·∫∫·∂«

cut, full ‰¡â‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‡º◊ÕË , ‰¡â‰ ‡º◊ÕË , ¢π“¥‡ºÕË◊ * cutterbar, continuous „∫¡’¥µ—¥·∫∫·∂«

cut, middle ´ÿß∑àÕπ°≈“ß ‡§≈ÕË◊ π∑˵’ Õà ‡πËÕ◊ ß

cut, tangential ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬µ—¥‡ âπ√—»¡’*, ‡≈◊ËÕ¬ cutterbar, reciprocating „∫¡’¥µ—¥·∫∫

·∫∫À≈—ßÀ¡Ÿ* ·∂«‡§≈Õ◊Ë π∑Ë’ ≈—∫øíπª≈“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

81

cutter block ·°πµ¥‘ „∫¡’¥* cutting section Àπ૬µ—¥øíπ A
B
cutting 1. °‘Ëß™”, °“√ªí°™”,  «à π¢Õßæ◊™∑®’Ë – cutting sedge ª√◊Õ («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ C
D
¡’√“°ÕÕ°¡“·≈–„™â„π°“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå Scleria pterota, Presl.) E
F
·∫∫ªí°™” 2. ‰¡âµ—¥* (°“√·∫àߙȗπ‰¡â) cutting series À¡«¥µ—¥øπí G
(S. cut) 3. ™πÈ‘  à«π‰¡°â √–¥“π 4. ª√¡‘ “≥ cutting system √–∫∫µ—¥* (¥Ÿ grading rule) H
™‘Èπ à«π∑’Ë®–µ—¥‰¥â („π°“√·∫àߙȗπ‰¡â) cutting unit Àπ૬™Èπ‘ µ¥— * (°“√·∫àß™Èπ— ‰¡)â I
5. °“√‡≈◊ËÕ¬´Õ¬* 6. °“√µ—¥‚§àπ*(‰¡â) cutworm ÀπÕπ°—¥§Õ√“° [ÀπÕπº’‡ ÈÕ◊ °≈“ß J
(S. falling, felling, throwing) K
cutting, half-rotary °“√ªÕ°‰¡â´’°* §◊π (Noctuidae sp.)´Ë÷ß™Õ∫∑”≈“¬√“° L
cutting, half-round °“√ªÕ°§√÷ßË ´°’ ¥â“π„π, ≈”µπâ æ◊™] M
°“√ªÕ°°‘ßË Ω“π* cycle of erosion «—Ø®°— √¢Õß°“√°—¥°√Õà π N
cutting, hard-wood °“√ªí°™”∑’Ë„™â°ßË‘ ·°¢à Õß cyclic ‡ªìπ«ß O
æ™◊ ¡“ª°í ™” cylinder °√–∫Õ° Ÿ∫, √Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° P
cutting, leaf-bud °“√„™â„∫∑’¡Ë ’µ“ª°í ™” cylinder, piston °√–∫Õ° Ÿ∫, ≈°Ÿ π«¥ Q
cutting, root : root & shoot ‡ß“à µ¥— , °“√ cylinder block ÀÕâ ß≈Ÿ° Ÿ∫, ‡√Õ◊ π≈°Ÿ  ∫Ÿ R
ªí°™”∑Ë’„™â «à π¢Õß√“° cylinder concave µ–·°√ß‚§âß√Õß≈Ÿ°π«¥ S
cutting, rotary 1. °“√ªÕ°‰¡*â 2. °“√‡≈ÕË◊ ¬* cylinder head Ω“°√–∫Õ° ∫Ÿ , À«— °√–∫Õ° ∫Ÿ T
(¥«â ¬‡≈◊ÕË ¬«ß‡¥Õ◊ π) cylinder saw ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬∑√ß°√–∫Õ°* (¥Ÿ saw) U
cutting, selective °“√∑”‰¡â·∫∫‡øÑπµ—¥* cymba  à«π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀÿâ¡™àÕ¥Õ°„πæ◊™®”æ«° V
(¥Ÿ selective cutting) ª“≈¡å W
cutting, severance °“√µ—¥·π«°π— ≈¡ cymbiform √ªŸ §≈“â ¬‡√Õ◊ X
cutting, soft-wood °“√„™â à«π¬Õ¥¢Õßæ◊™ cyme ™àÕ¥Õ°™π‘¥ determinate ¥Õ°µ√ß Y
ªí°™” °≈“ßÀ√◊Õ¬Õ¥®–∫“π°àÕπ¥Õ°Õ◊ËπÊ, ™àÕ Z
cutting, stem °“√„™ â à«π¢Õß≈”µ—πª°í ™” °√–®ÿ°
cutting age Õ“¬µÿ ¥— øíπ cymule cyme ¬Õà ¬
cutting angle ¡¡ÿ Àπⓧ¡øíπ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬*, ¡ÿ¡Àπ“â cypress vine ‡§√◊Õ «√√§å,  π°â“ߪ≈“ (æ◊™
§¡„∫¡’¥*, ¡ÿ¡ª√—∫„∫¡’¥, ¡ÿ¡ªÕ° „π °ÿ≈ Quamoclit pinnata, Boj.)
(S. rook, rake) cyst ∂ÿß, ∂ÿßπ”È , °âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕ (‡™àπ∂ÿßÀÿâ¡∑Ë’ —µ«å
cutting area, annual æπÈ◊ ∑µ’Ë ¥— øíπ√“¬ªï  √â“ߢÈ÷π‡æË◊ÕÀÿ⡵—«ÕàÕπ„π√–¬–øí°µ—«
cutting cycle √Õ∫µ—¥øíπ √–À«“à ß°“√‡®√≠‘
cutting list √“¬°“√¢π“¥‰¡*â cystoliths À‘πªŸπ∑Ë’·∑√°Õ¬àŸ√–À«“à ߇´≈≈å
cytokinesis °“√·∫à߉´‚µæ≈“ ´Ë—¡„π
°√–∫«π°“√·∫ßà ‡´≈≈å

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 82

A cytokinins (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ŒÕ√å‚¡π™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß∑Ë’¡’  à«πª√–°Õ∫µà“ßÊ ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å ¬°‡«âπ

B º≈∑”„À‡â ´≈≈æå ◊™¡√’ ªŸ √à“ß·µ°µà“ß°π— 𑫇§≈’¬ 

C cytology «∑‘ ¬“‡´≈≈,å «‘™“∑Ë«’ à“¥«â ¬‡´≈≈,å °“√ cytoplasmic inheritance °“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ∑Ë’
DE »°÷ …“∂÷ß‚§√ß√“à ß,  √’√–, æ—≤π“°“√, ·≈– ≈—°…≥–∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡‚¥¬ªí®®—¬„π‰´‚µ
F °“√ ∫◊ æ—π∏ÿ¢å Õ߇´≈≈å æ≈“ ´Ë—¡, ≈—°…≥–∑Ë’ “¡“√∂∂à“¬∑Õ¥‰¥â

G cytolysis °“√ ≈“¬¢Õ߇´≈≈å ‚¥¬ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡´÷ËßÕ¬àŸ¿“¬„π‰´‚µ

H cytoplasm ‚ª√‚µæ≈“ ´¡Ë— ∑ÕË’ ¬πŸà Õ°π«‘ ‡§≈¬’  , æ≈“ ´¡Ë—

I

J

K
LD

M dahlia √—°‡√à (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Dahlia danger class (fire) ≈”¥∫— Õ—§§’¿—¬
N danger index (fire) ¥™— π’Õ§— §’¿—¬
O variabilis, Desf.) danger meter (fire) ¡“µ√Õ—§§’¿¬—

P dairy 1. ‚√ß√’¥π¡ 2. ø“√å¡π¡·≈–∑”
Q º≈‘µ¿—≥±åπ¡ 3. √â“π¢“¬π¡·≈– danger tables (fire) µ“√“ßÕ—§§’¿—¬

R º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±πå ¡ danger zone (fire) ‚´πÕ—§§¿’ ¬—

S dairy cattle ‚§π¡ dapple figure ≈“¬®¥ÿ * (¥Ÿ figure)

T dairy man §π‡≈’¬È ß‚§π¡ D.A.R. (dressed all round) ·µßà ∑ÿ°¥“â π*

U dam 1. ·¡æà —π∏ÿå (S. doe) 2. ‡¢◊ËÕπ* dark ( )’ ‡¢¡â (ª∞.)
V dark red rot °“√ºÿ ’·¥ß‡¢¡â * (¥Ÿ rot)
W dam(m)ar : dammon ™π— * dasheen (À«— ) ‡º◊Õ°

X damar, black ™—π¥”*

Y damar, white ™—π¢“«* dask yolk ‰¢·à ¥ß «à π‡¢â¡

Z damar pocket °√–‡ª“–™—π* data ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

damask rose °ÿÀ≈“∫¡Õ≠ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ date-tree Õ‘π∑º“≈—¡ (µâπ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Phoenix

Rosa damasuma, Mill.) dactylifera, L.)

damp §«“¡™◊Èπ datolite (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ·√à™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß´Ë÷ß¡’‚∫√Õπ

damper ·ºπà « — ¥ÿ∑’¢Ë «“ß™àÕßÕ“°“»  “¡“√∂ ‡ªπì Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ [Ca(B.OH)SiO ]
4

ª√—∫„Àâ·§∫-°«“â ߉¥â daylight ™à«ßÕ—¥* (‡§√Ë◊ÕßÕ—¥‰¡)â

damping off ‚√§‡π“à §Õ¥π‘ day-neutral plant ¥Ÿ photoperiodism

damp wood termite ª≈«°‰¡™â π◊È * (¥Ÿ termite) day-old-chick ≈Ÿ°‰°àÕ“¬ÿ 1 «—π

dancer ‰¡¢â —π™–‡π“–* (¥Ÿ springer) d.b.b. (deals, battens and board) ‰¡µâ —∫*,

danger board (fire) ªÑ“¬· ¥ßÕ§— §’¿¬— °≈Õπ*,°√–¥“π*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

83

d.b.h. : diameter, breast height  .°.Õ. deck 1. ‰¡â√«¡À¡Õπ, À¡Õπ‰¡â*(°Õß´ÿß) A
B
(‡ πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“߇撬ßÕ°*) (S. log deck) 2.  –æ“π´ßÿ *, ≈“π≈ß´ßÿ * C
D
dead and down ‰¡â¬◊𵓬*, ¢ÕππÕπ*, 3. ·∑πà ¬°‰¡â* E
°¥Ÿ ßπŸ * decking ‰¡âæπ◊È Àπ“* (S. planking) F
declinate ‚§ßâ ≈ßÀ√Õ◊ ‰ª¢“â ßÀπ“â G
deaden °“π* (¥Ÿ girdle) decompose  ≈“¬µ«— , ‡πà“‡ªóÕò ¬ H
deadhead ‰¡®â ¡π”È * decomposer µ«—  ≈“¬ “√Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å I
dead knot µ“µ“¬* (¥Ÿ knot) decomposition °“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬, °“√ ≈“¬µ«— , J
dead load(ing) πÈ”Àπ°— µ“¬µ«— * [¥Ÿ load(ing)] K
dead man ´ßÿ ¬÷¥Ωßí ¥‘π* °“√‡πà“‡ªòóÕ¬ºÿæ—ß (°“√ºÿæ—ßÀ√◊Õ°“√ L
dead piled °Õß∑∫÷ *  ≈“¬µ—«∑“߇§¡’·≈–∑“ß™’««‘∑¬“¢Õßæ◊™ M
deadwood ‰¡âµ“¬·Àßâ , ´ÿ߉¡¬â π◊ µ“¬* ·≈– µ— «´å Ëß÷ ®–°≈“¬‡ªπì ªÜÿ¬) N
deaeration °“√¢®¥— Õ“°“», °“√¥¥Ÿ Õ“°“»ÕÕ° decompound „∫√«¡∑’Ë¡’„∫¬àÕ¬‡°‘¥∫π°â“π O
deal ‰¡µâ —∫* (®”æ«° π) ·¢πß (rachilla) P
deathwatch beetle ¡Õ¥‡®“–‰¡â·Àßâ * decompound, 2-pinnate „∫√«¡∑¡Ë’ ’„∫¬Õà ¬ Q
debarking, chemical °“√≈Õ°‡ª≈Õ◊ °∑“߇§¡*’ ‡°¥‘ ∫π°“â π·¢πß¡“°°«à“ 3 „∫ R
debeaking °“√µ—¥®ßÕ¬ª“° decompound, ternate „∫√«¡∑’¡Ë ’„∫¬àÕ¬‡°¥‘ S
debris ‡»…‡À≈Õ◊ ¢Õßæ◊™, °“°‡´≈≈å ∫π°â“π·¢πß 3 „∫ T
debris flood π”È ∫à“Õ¬à“ß·√ß decorticate ≈Õ°‡ª≈◊Õ°*, ‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ° U
decay °“√ºÿ*, °“√‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬, °“√∑”≈“¬ (¥Ÿ bark) V
decortication °“√°√–‡∑“–‡ª≈◊Õ°, °“√∑Ë’ W
 “√ª√–°Õ∫∑Ë’´—∫´âÕπ‚¥¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‡ª≈◊Õ°À√◊Õ «à π∑Ë’§≈ÿ¡¢â“ßπÕ°≈Õ°ÕÕ° X
À√Õ◊ ‡À¥Á √“,  ≈“¬, ‡ ÕË◊ ¡≈ß decumbent 1. πÕπ√“∫‰ª°—∫æ◊Èπ·µà™Ÿ à«π Y
decay, advanced stage °“√ºÿ√–¬–√ÿπ·√ß, ¬Õ¥¢È÷π¢â“ß∫π 2. ´÷Ëß‚§âߢÈ÷π®“°√–¥—∫ Z
√–¬–≈“¡* √“∫À√◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà„π≈—°…≥–‡Õ¬’ ß Ê
decay, final stage °“√ºÿ√–¬– ¥ÿ ∑⓬* decurrent ·º≈à ߢ“â ß≈“à ß·≈–‡™ÕË◊ ¡µ¥‘ °∫— ≈”µπâ
decay, incipient stage °“√ºÿ√–¬–‡√Ë¡‘ ·√°* decussate °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß„∫∑Ë’Õ¬àŸµ√ߢⓡ°—π
decay, intermediate stage °“√º√ÿ –¬–°≈“ß* ·µ≈à –§àŸ®–‡√¬’ ßµß—È ©“°µÕà °π— ‰ª‡√Õ◊Ë ¬Ê
deciduous º≈—¥„∫*, ∑È‘ß„∫ √à«ßÀ≈àπ, deduct À°— ÕÕ°
‰¡ºâ ≈—¥„∫ deduction °“√À°— ÕÕ°
deciduous dipterocarp forest ªÉ“·¥ß, dee √Õà ߧ≈Õâ ß‚´*à

ªÉ“·æ–, À√Õ◊ ª“É ‚§° deep beam §“πÀπ“*

decimal reduction time §à“¥’ (¥Ÿ D-value) deep cutting °“√‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬´Õ¬¢π“πÀπ“â °«“â ß*

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√ 84

A deep percolation √–¥—∫§«“¡≈÷° (¢Õߥ‘π) deficient ¢“¥, æ√Õà ß, πÕâ ¬°«à“∑’˵âÕß°“√À√◊Õ
®”‡ªπì
B ∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â„π°“√殑 “√≥“
deflation °“√æ—¥°√“¥, ·∫π, ·ø∫
C deep rooted crop æ™◊ ∑Ë¡’ √’ “°À¬Ë—ß≈÷° deflection °“√·Õàπµ—«*, °“√∫‘¥µ«— , °“√‡∫¬’È «
D deer, barking ‡°âß, ø“π ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ deflector Õÿª°√≥∑å ∑’Ë ”„À∫â ¥‘ À√Õ◊ ‡∫¬È’ «µ«— ‰¥â
E deflexed æ—∫°≈—∫
F Muntiacus sp.) deflocculate ·¬°¥‘π∑’Ë®—∫µ—«°—π‡ªìπ°âÕπ

G deer, eldi ≈–ÕßÀ√◊Õ≈–¡—Ëß ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ °√–®“¬ÕÕ°‡ªπì Õπ¿ÿ “§µ“à ßÊ ¢Õß¥π‘ ‡ªπì
Õ‘ √–‰¡à®∫— µ«— °π—
H Cervus eldi) deflocculation °“√·¬°µ«— Õπÿ¿“§ª√–°Õ∫
defoamer  “√≈¥øÕß („π°√–∫«π°“√º≈µ‘ ª¬Üÿ )
I deer, hog ∑√“¬, ‡πÕÈ◊ ∑√“¬ ( µ— «å„π °≈ÿ Axis defoliant  “√‡§¡∑’ ’Ë∑”„Àâ„∫‰¡â√à«ß
defoliate ª≈¥‘ „∫, ∑‘ßÈ „∫, ∑”„Àâ„∫‰¡Àâ ≈ÿ¥√«à ß
J porcinus) defoliation °“√∑”„Àâ„∫√«à ß, °“√À≈ÿ¥√«à ߢÕß
°“∫·≈–„∫æ◊™, „∫‚°√πã
K deer, mouse °√–®ß ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ Tragulus deforest, to ∂“ߪɓ, ·ºâ«∂“ߪɓ
deformation °“√∑”„À⺥‘ √Ÿª, °“√‡ª≈¬’Ë π√ªŸ
L sp.) √“à ߉ª®“°‡¥‘¡
M deformation, plastic  à«π‡ ¬’ √Ÿª∂“«√*
N deer, sambar °«“ߪɓ ( —µ«å„π °≈ÿ Cervus degeneracy 1.  ¿“懠Õ◊Ë ¡§≈“¬ 2.  ¿“æ
´Õâ π ∂“π–
O unicolor) degeneration 1. °“√‡ ÕË◊ ¡ ≈“¬
P deer, Schomburgkûs  ¡—π ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ deglutition °“√°≈◊πÕ“À“√
deglutitory ‡°’ˬ«°∫— °“√°≈π◊ Õ“À“√
Q Cervus schomburgki)

R defecate ∂“à ¬Õ®ÿ ®“√–

S defect µ”Àπ*‘ , ∫°æ√àÕß,  «à πæ√Õà ß (¥Ÿ fault)

T defect, allowable µ”Àπ‘∑’ˬա‰¥â*

U defect, open µ”Àπ∑‘ ˇ’ ÀπÁ ‰¥â*, µ”Àπ∑‘ Ë’‡ªìπ√Ÿ
V
W À√Õ◊ √Õ¬·¬°, µ”Àπ‡‘ ªî¥*

X defect, sound µ”Àπ‘∑’ˉ¡àºÿ*
Y defect deduction °“√À°— µ”ÀπÕ‘ Õ°

Z defective ¡’µ”Àπ‘

defect system √–∫∫µ”Àπ*‘ (°“√·∫àß™—Èπ‰¡â;

¥Ÿ grading rules) degradation °“√≈¥√–¥—∫·ºàπ¥‘π, °“√≈¥

defibration °“√∑”‡¬Ë◊Õ, °“√·¬°‡ âπ„¬* √–¥—∫¢Õߺ‘«‚≈°≈߉ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ‡πË◊Õß®“°

(S. fiberization) °“√°√–∑”¢Õßµ—«°“√µà“ßÊ ∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘

deficiency °“√¢“¥·§≈π (¥Ÿ denution)

deficiency (chromosome) ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’ degrade µ”Àπ‘, °“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡*, °“√≈¥™—Èπ*

 «à πÀπß÷Ë À“¬‰ª (æ∏.) degrade, to ≈¥™È—π

deficiency disease Õ“°“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õßæ◊™ degradation(of soil) °“√≈¥√–¥—∫·ºàπ¥‘π*,

‡πÕ◊Ë ß®“°°“√¢“¥∏“µÿÕ“À“√

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

85

°“√‡ ÕË◊ ¡, °“√∑”„À·â µ° ≈“¬ (°“√‡ª≈¬’Ë π dehusk ·¬°‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°Àÿâ¡ÕÕ°®“°Ωí°À√◊Õ A
B
¥‘π™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß„À⇪ìπ¥‘π∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–∂Ÿ° ‡¡≈¥Á C
D
™–≈â“߉¥â¡“° À√◊Õ‡ªìπ¥‘π∑Ë’∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ dehusker ‡§√ÕË◊ ß ’ E
F
§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å≈¥≈ß) dehydration °“√¢®—¥π”È , °“√∑”„Àâ·ÀâßÀ√◊Õ G
H
degree-day Àπ૬§«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ëæ◊™‰¥â√—∫ (‰¥â ‡Õ“ «à π∑ˇ’ ªπì πÈ”ÕÕ° I
J
®“°°“√‡Õ“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µ”Ë  ÿ¥∑Ë’æ◊™ “¡“√∂ delamination °“√·¬°µ«— ÕÕ°, °“√À≈¥ÿ ≈Õà π* K
L
¢È÷πÕ¬Ÿà‰¥â‰ª≈∫°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈Ë’¬ª√–®”«—π delayed-open center °“√·µßà °ßË‘ (trimming) M
N
‡™πà æ™◊ ™π¥‘ Àπß÷Ë ¡Õ’ ≥ÿ À¿¡Ÿ µ‘ ”Ë  ¥ÿ ∑®Ë’ –¢π÷È ‰¥â ·∫∫ÀπË÷߇√’¬°«à“ ç∑√ߪî√“¡‘¥·ª≈ßé O
P
50 Õß»“ø“‡√π‰Œ¥å „π«—π∑’Ë¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ¥¥— ·ª≈ß¡“®“°∑√ߪ√î “¡¥‘ ·≈–·∫∫·®°π— Q
R
‡©≈¬Ë’ ª√–®”«π— 60 Õß»“ø“‡√π‰Œ¥å æ◊™ §◊Õ ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ¡’°Ë‘ß∫π≈”µâπÀà“ß Ê æÕ‰¥â S
T
πÈπ— ®–‰¥√â ∫— §«“¡√Õâ π 10 degree days) °‘Ëßµ“¡µâÕß°“√·≈«â °Áµ—¥ à«π¬Õ¥∑Èß‘ U
V
degree-hour §Õ◊ degree-day §≥Ÿ ¥â«¬ 24 deletion (of chromosome) °“√À≈¥ÿ À“¬, °“√ W
X
degree of doneness ÕàÕππ¡ÿà ∑Ë’∑àÕπ°≈“ߢÕß‚§√‚¡‚´¡À≈ÿ¥À“¬‰ª Y
degree of saturation √–¥∫— °“√Õ¡Ë‘ µ—« delicate ∫Õ∫∫“ß, ·µ°À—°ß“à ¬ Z

degreen °“√∑”„Àºâ ‘«º≈‰¡â¡ ’ ’‡À≈◊Õß delignification °“√·¬°≈°‘ π‘πÕÕ°*
degum ¢®—¥ “√∑’ˇªìπ¬“߇À𒬫 deliquescent 1. ™◊πÈ ‡À≈« 2. ¡’≈”µπâ ·µ°°ßË‘
dehisce ·µ°, Õâ“
dehiscence °“√·µ°¢Õߺ≈‡¡◊ËÕ·°à‡µÁ¡∑Ë’ [¡’ °â“π‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°
delivery alongside  ßà ¢“â ߇√Õ◊ *
À≈“¬·∫∫¥«â ¬°π— §Õ◊ ·µ°µ√ß°≈“ßæ√Ÿ ß— ‰¢à delocalisation °“√‰¡àª√–®”∑’Ë
(carpel) À√Õ◊ ™àÕß«à“ß√—߉¢à (locule) ‡™πà delta ¥π‘ ¥Õπ “¡‡À≈’¬Ë ¡*
∑ÿ‡√’¬π ‡√’¬°«à“ çloculicidalé, ∂â“·µ° delta, birdûs foot type ¥‘π¥Õπ “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡
µ“¡√Õ¬µ–‡¢Á∫ (suture) ‡™àπ ‡æ°“
¡—π·°« ‡√’¬° çsepticidalé, ∂“â ·µ°µ“¡ √Ÿªµ’π°“
¢«“ß∫√‡‘ «≥°ß÷Ë °≈“ߺ≈ ‡√¬’ ° çcircumcis delta deposit µ–°Õπ∑’Ë¥Õπ “¡‡À≈¬’Ë ¡
sileé ‡™πà º°— ‚¢¡ ÀßÕπ‰°,à À√◊Õ∂â“·µ° delta lake ∑–‡≈ “ª„π∫√‘‡«≥¥‘π¥Õπ
µ√ß√Ÿ´÷ËßÕ¬àŸπÕ°º≈ ‡™àπ Ωòîπ ‡√’¬°
çporicidalé]  “¡‡À≈Ë’¬¡
dehiscent fruit º≈ª√–‡¿∑·Àâß™π‘¥·µ°‰¥â delta maiden hair ‡ø√î åπß“¡ (‰¡âª√–¥∫— „π
(ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ follicle, capsule, siligue,
silicle, legume)  °ÿ≈ Adiantum cuneatum, Langed.
dehorn 1. ª√–∑—∫µ√“‡ª≈Ë’¬π°√√¡ ‘∑∏Ï‘* var. gracilinum, Schneid.)
2. µ¥— ‡¢“ —µ«å delta plain ∑√Ë’ “∫¥Õπ “¡‡À≈¬’Ë ¡
dehull ·¬°‡Õ“‡ª≈◊Õ°À¡âÿ ÕÕ°®“°‡¡≈Á¥ deltoid („∫æ◊™) ∑’Ë¡√’ Ÿª§≈“â ¬ “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡
demarcate, to À¡“¬‡¢µ,  ß«πª“É
demonstration plots ·ª≈ß “∏‘µ, ·ª≈ß
µ«— Õ¬“à ߇æ◊ËÕ· ¥ßº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 86

A den ∂ß— ∫à¡ (ª¬Üÿ ) denticulate ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ dentate ·µàÀ¬°— ¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ß
B denature ·ª≈ß ¿“æ, À¡¥§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘µ“¡
denudation °“√‡°≈ˬ’ º«‘ ·ºàπ¥π‘ * (ª∞.)
C ∏√√¡™“µ‘ denude, to ∂“߇µ¬’ π
depletion °“√æ√àÕß, °“√ Ÿ≠ ≈“¬„π§ÿ≥¿“æ
D dendritic ¡’·¢πß, ·∫∫°‘Ë߉¡â deposit 1.  Ëß‘ ∑∫— ∂¡* (ª∞.) 2. ·À≈àß – ¡
E dendrology √°ÿ ¢«‘∑¬“ deposit, aeolian  ßË‘ ∑∫— ∂¡‡πË◊Õß®“°≈¡æ“¡“
F deposit, alluvial  Ë‘ß∑—∫∂¡‚¥¬πÈ”, °“√
dendrometer ‡§√Ë◊Õß«—¥‡ âπº“à »Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
G denitrification ¢∫«π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß NO - ‡§≈ËÕ◊ π¬â“¬·≈–∑—∫∂¡‚¥¬πÈ”
H À√◊Õ NO - „π¥‘π„À⇪ìπ NH 2 deposit, colluvial «—µ∂ÿµâ𰔇π‘¥∑Ë’‡§≈◊ËÕπ
I 33
À√◊Õ°“´ ¬“â ¬‚¥¬·√ß∂à«ß¢Õß‚≈°
deposit, fluviatile alluvial «µ— ∂∑ÿ —∫∂¡‚¥¬
J ‰π‚µ√‡®π (N) ‚¥¬°“√°√–∑”¢Õß
π”È æ“¡“
K ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÀ√◊Õ “√‡§¡’„π¥‘π∑Ë’‡ªìπµ—«„Àâ deposit, glacial «—µ∂ÿµâ𰔇𑥥‘π∑’Ë∂Ÿ°

L Õ‡‘ ≈§Á µ√Õπ ∑—∫∂¡‚¥¬πÈ”·¢Áß, °“√‡§≈Ë◊Õπ¬â“¬·≈–
∑∫— ∂¡‚¥¬π”È ·¢Áß
M dense white ‰¢¢à “«¢πâ deposit, lacastrine °“√∑—∫∂¡„π∑–‡≈ “ª
deposit, loess °“√∑—∫∂¡‚¥¬≈¡
N densified wood ‰¡‡â æ‘Ë¡§«“¡·ππà * deposit, marine alluvial «—µ∂∑ÿ ’Ëπ”È æ—¥æ“‰ª
O ∑—∫∂¡„π∑–‡≈
P densify ‡æË‘¡§«“¡·πàπ* deposition °“√∑—∫∂¡, °“√æÕ°æŸπ, °“√µ°
 – ¡
Q density §«“¡·πàπ* depot, forest °“√√«¡‰¡·â ≈–¢Õߪ“É , À¡Õπª“É *
depot, logging ª“ß∑”‰¡*â
R density, air dry §«“¡·ππà ‰¡ºâ ß÷Ë ·Àßâ , §«“¡

S ·ππà ‡¡◊ËÕ·Àßâ ‰¥ â «à π°—∫Õ“°“»*

T density, basic §«“¡·ππà ¡Ÿ≈∞“π*

U density, canopy §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß√¡à „∫

V density, crop §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß µÕÁ °‰¡â
W
X density, green §«“¡·ππà ‡¡Ë◊Õ ¥*

Y density, nominal §«“¡·πàπ¢≥–∑¥ Õ∫*
Z density, oven-dry §«“¡·ππà ‰¡Õâ ∫·Àßâ , §«“¡

·ππà ‡¡Ë◊ÕÕ∫·Àâß π‘∑*

density, relative §«“¡·πàπ —¡æ—∑∏å* depot, sale ∑Ë’®”Àπà“¬‰¡â·≈–¢Õߪɓ,

(§«“¡∂à«ß®”‡æ“–) ÕàŸ‰¡*â ( ”À√—∫¢“¬)

density, stand §«“¡Àπ“·ππà ¢ÕßÀ¡àŸ‰¡â depressed √“∫µ¥‘ °∫— º«‘ , ·∫π≈ß

density index, stand ¥—™π’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ depression 1. ·Õàß* (ª∞.) 2. 擬ÿ¥’‡ª√ ™—πË ,

¢ÕßÀ¡Ÿà‰¡â À¬àÕ¡§«“¡°¥Õ“°“»µË”

density rule °Æ (°“√À“) §«“¡·πàπ* depression, angle of ¡ÿ¡°¡â , ¡ÿ¡°¥≈ß

dentate À¬—°´Ë’øíπ,* ‡ªìπÀ¬—°À¬“∫Ê §≈⓬ depression, wet bulb º≈µ“à ß (‡∑Õ√‚å ¡¡‡‘ µÕ√å

øπí ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬‚¥¬¡√’ Õ¬À¬°— ∑”¡¡ÿ µßÈ— ©“°µÕà °π— µâÿ¡·Àâß-µâ¡ÿ ‡ª¬ï °)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

87

depth 1. §«“¡≈°÷ 2.  «à π≈°÷ ¢Õßµ«— ª≈“ (ª¡.) destructive distillation of wood °“√°≈πË— A
B
dereserve, to ‡æ°‘ ∂Õπ°“√ ß«π ∑”≈“¬‰¡*â C
D
dermal flaps ·ºàπÀπ—ß desulfurization °√–∫«π°“√·¬°°”¡–∂—π E
dermal fold ¡â«πÀπß— ÕÕ°®“° flue gases „π°“√º≈‘µª¬ÿÜ F
dermatogen ‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬◊ËÕ∑’Ë„Àâ°”‡π‘¥‡´≈≈庑« G
detachable  “¡“√∂·¬°‰¥,â ∂Õ¥‰¥â H
(epidermis) detachable heel  —π‰∂∑’Ë “¡“√∂∂Õ¥ÕÕ° I
dermatosis ‚√§º‘«Àπ—ßÕ°— ‡ ∫ J
dermis Àπß— (S. corium, cutis) ®“°µ«— ‰∂‰¥â K
derrick ªπíô ®πË— ¬π◊ *, ªπôí ®πË— À¡πÿ * (¥Ÿ gin pole) detachment 1. °“√°¥— ‡´“– 2. °“√∂Õ¥, °“√ L
derricking °“√¬°¥â«¬ªíôπ®—Ëπ, °“√¬°¢È÷π≈ß M
·¬°, °“√ª≈¥ N
¢Õߪíôπ®—Ëπ* (S. luffing) detailed °“√®”≈Õß·∫∫™π‘¥·≈– à«π¢Õߥπ‘ O
desalination °“√¢®¥— ‡°≈◊Õ P
desalinization «‘∏’°“√‡Õ“‡°≈◊ÕÕÕ°®“°¥‘π „π·ºπ∑æË’ π◊È ∞“π· ¥ß∂ß÷ ®¥ÿ µà“ßÊ ¢Õߥ‘π Q
Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥æÕ∑Ë’®–‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡·µ° R
‚¥¬„™âπÈ”™–≈“â ßÕÕ°‰ª µà“ß„π°“√„™â∑’Ë¥‘π (∏.) S
descend ≈ß¡“®“°,  ◊∫µÕà detailed reconnaissance survey °“√ T
descendant º âŸ ∫◊  °≈ÿ , ≈°Ÿ À≈“π,  µ— «√å πàÿ µÕà ¡“  ”√«®¥‘π·∫∫§àÕπ¢“â ßÀ¬“∫ U
described æ√√≥π“ detailed survey °“√ ”√«®¥π‘ ·∫∫≈–‡Õ’¬¥ V
desert ∫√‡‘ «≥·Àßâ ·≈âß, ∑–‡≈∑√“¬* detassel °“√°”®—¥‡° √µ—«ºŸâ¢Õßæ◊™‚¥¬µ—¥ W
desert dune ‡π‘π∑–‡≈∑√“¬,  —π∑√“¬„π ‡Õ“™àÕ¥Õ°µ—«ºâŸ (tassel) ÕÕ° ‡æ◊ËÕ X
ªÕÑ ß°π— °“√º ¡µ«— ‡Õß Y
∑–‡≈∑√“¬ detection (fire) °“√µ√«®æ∫‰øªÉ“ Z
desert pavement ¥“¥°√«¥∑–‡≈∑√“¬* deteriorate ‡ Ë◊Õ¡ ¿“æ, ‡πà“, ‡ ¬’
desert soil ¥π‘ ∑–‡≈∑√“¬, ¥π‘ ∑¡Ë’ ™’ —πÈ ∫π Õ’ àÕπ deterioration §«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡, °“√∑”„Àâ
‡ ÕË◊ ¡§≥ÿ ¿“æÀ√◊Õª√¡‘ “≥
 à«π¡“°¡ª’ ŸπªπÕ¬Ÿà„π¥‘π™Èπ— ≈à“ß deterioration in transit °“√‡ Ë◊Õ¡√–À«à“ß
desiccation °“√‡°Á∫√°— …“‚¥¬°“√µ“°„Àâ·Àßâ ¢π àß*
design ÕÕ°·∫∫, ·ºπ·∫∫*, °“√«“ß·ºπ determinate ´Ë÷ß¡’°“√°”Àπ¥·πàπÕπ
determinate flower ™àÕ¥Õ°™π‘¥∑’Ë°“√∫“π
·∫∫*, °“√«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß ¢Õߥհ‡√‘Ë¡∫“π®“°µ√ß°≈“ß°àÕπ ·≈â«
design stress §«“¡‡§πâ „™Õâ Õ°·∫∫* (¥Ÿ stress) ∫“π≈ߢ“â ß≈à“ßÀ√Õ◊ ÕÕ°‰ª¢â“ßÊ  à«π¬Õ¥
desmos  “¬À¬ÿ¥ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ Desmos

chinensis, Lour.)
desorption °“√§“¬*

dessimination °“√·æ√à‡™◊ÈÕ ®–À¬ÿ¥‡®√‘≠, °“√‡®√‘≠¢Õßæ◊™º—°∑’ˬե

destabilization ¢∫«π°“√∑”„À¥â π‘ À≈«¡µ«— ‡®√‘≠™“â ∑”„Àâ¡’°ß‘Ë °“â πÕÕ°¥â“π¢â“ß¡“°

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 88

A determinate plant æ◊™´÷Ë߇¡Ë◊Õ‡®√‘≠·µ°°Ë‘ß diallele crossing °“√º ¡‡ªπì §Ÿ®à π§√∫À¡¥
∑ÿ° combination
B °â“π‰ª∂÷ß√–¬–Àπ÷Ëß·≈⫪≈“¬ ÿ¥¢Õß°‘Ëß
dialypetalous °≈∫’ ¥Õ°·¬°°π— Õ¬“à ߇ÀπÁ ‰¥™â ¥—
C ®–‡ª≈Ë’¬π‡ªìπµ“¥Õ°·≈–À¬ÿ¥°“√µàÕ°Ë‘ß diameter, breast height ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
D
E µàÕ¬Õ¥  ßŸ ‡æ’¬ßÕ°* («π.)
diameter, exploitable ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
F detonation °“√√–‡∫‘¥∑”„À⇰¥‘ ‡ ’¬ß¥—ߢπÈ÷ „π
G ÀÕâ ߇§√ÕË◊ ߬πµå ¢π“¥·ª√√Ÿª‰¥â, ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢπ“¥
„™â°“√‰¥â*, ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢπ“¥∑”
H detritus ‡»…Àπ‘ ∑√“¬¥‘π ÕÕ°‰¥*â («π.)
diameter, limit ‡ âπºà“»πŸ ¬å°≈“ß®”°¥—
I development æ—≤π“°“√, §«“¡§≈Ë’§≈“¬, diameter, mean ‡ πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß¡™— ¨¡‘ («π.)
diameter, mid ‡ πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß°ßË÷ °≈“ß (∑Õà π
J æ—π∏“°“√, °√–∫«π°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ߢÕß À√◊Õ≈”µπâ ) («π.)
diameter, normal ‡ âπº“à »πŸ ¬å°≈“ߪ√°µ‘
K æ◊™À√◊Õ à«π¢Õßæ◊™µÈ—ß·µà·√°‡°‘¥®π∂÷ß diameter, top ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ßµÕπª≈“¬*
L (∑Õà πÀ√◊Õ≈”µπâ ) («π.)
M √–¬–·°‡à µ¡Á ∑Ë’ diameter class ™πÈ— µ“¡‡ πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß* («π.)
diameter inside bark (d.i.b.) ‡ âπ
N deviation °“√‡∫¬Ë’ ߇∫π*,  «à π‡∫Ë’¬ß‡∫π ( .) ºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„µâ‡ª≈Õ◊ °* ( .µ.ª.)
O deviation, standard (S.D.) °“√‡∫’ˬ߇∫π diameter limit ¢¥’ ®”°¥— ‡ πâ º“à »Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß*
diameter limit, economic ¢’¥®”°—¥‡ âπ
P ¡“µ√∞“π* ( .) ºà“»Ÿπ¬°å ≈“߇™ß‘ ‡»√…∞°®‘ *
diameter over bark (d.o.b.) ‡ âπ
Q device Õªÿ °√≥å, «µ— ∂ÿ∑’Ë„™âß“π‡©æ“–

R devi-devi µπ— À¬ß (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Caesalpinia

S coriaria, Willd.)
T
U devil grass À≠“â ·æ√° [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °≈ÿ

V Cynodon dactylon, (L.) Pers.]
W devilûs ivy æ≈Ÿ™â“ß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

X Scindapsus officinalis, Schott)

Y dewlap ‡Àπ’¬ß

Z deworming °“√∂“à ¬æ¬“∏‘

dew point ®¥ÿ πÈ”§“â ß º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“߇Àπ◊Õ‡ª≈Õ◊ °* ( .µ.ª.)

diabetes ‚√§‡∫“À«“π diameter quotient ‡°≥±å¿“§À√◊Õº≈À“√

diadelphous ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ 2 °≈¡àÿ ‡ âπº“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß («π.)

diagnostic °“√懑 §√“–À‚å √§, °“√«π‘ ®‘ ©—¬‚√§ diameter tape  “¬«¥— ‡ πâ º“à »πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß* («π.)

diagonal grain ‡ È’¬π∑·¬ß* diameter under bark : d.u.b.  .µ.ª. (‡ âπ

diagonal system √–∫∫°“√ª≈°Ÿ ‰¡ºâ ≈·∫∫ÀπßË÷ º“à »πŸ ¬å°≈“ß„µâ‡ª≈◊Õ°*)

‚¥¬ª≈°Ÿ ‰¡ªâ √–∏“π‰«µâ √ß¡¡ÿ ¢Õß ‡Ë’ À≈¬Ë’ ¡ diamonding °“√À¥µ—«√Ÿª¢“â «À≈“¡µ¥— *

¥â“π‡∑à“·≈–µ√ß°≈“ßÕ°’ 1 µπâ diamond matching °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫

diagnosis horizon ™πÈ— ¥π‘ «π‘ ®‘ ©¬— ¢â“«À≈“¡µ—¥* (¥Ÿ matching)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

89

diandrous ¡’‡° √µ«— ºâŸ 2 Õ—π °≈∫’ (perianth) ‡™πà „πæ™◊  °≈ÿ Mirabilis A
B
diapause °“√™–ß°— ßπ— („π«ß™æ’ ®°— √¢Õß·¡≈ß) diclinous ¥Õ°∑¡Ë’ ’‡æ»‡¥’¬« C
D
diaphragm 1. °√–∫ß— ≈¡ 2. ·ºπà « — ¥ÿ∫“ß∑Ë’ dicotyledon æ™◊ „∫‡≈Ȭ’ ߧ*àŸ E
¬◊¥À¥‰¥â‡πË◊Õß®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡ didymous ‡ªìπ§Ÿà F
¥π— didynamous ¡‡’ ° √µ—«ºŸâ 4 Õ—π ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ G
H
diaphragm type pump ªöí¡™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’√–∫∫ 2 §àŸ §«“¡¬“«¢Õß·µà≈–§Ÿà‰¡à‡∑à“°π— ·≈– I
¢Õ߉¥Õ–·ø√¡™«à ¬„π°“√‰À≈¢ÕßÊ ‰À≈ Õ“®‡°¥‘ „π√–¥—∫µà“ß°—π„πÀ≈Õ¥°≈’∫¥Õ° J
∑Ë’Õ—µ√“°“√‰À≈·≈–§«“¡¥π— µ”Ë die back ª≈“¬µ“¬·Àâß, Õ“°“√∑Ëæ’ ◊™µ“¬®“° K
¬Õ¥≈ß¡“ L
diarch ¡’¡¥— ∑àÕπÈ” 2 ·≈–¡¥— ∑Õà Õ“À“√ 2 die-squared log ´ÿ߇À≈ˬ’ ¡‡µÁ¡* (¥Ÿ log) M
diarrhoea ‚√§∑Õâ ß√«à ß, ∑Õâ ߇ ¬’ (S. diarrhea) diet Õ“À“√懑 »…, √∫— ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√懑 »…, Õ¥ N
diastase (∑—∫»—æ∑å), πÈ”¬àÕ¬∑ˇ’ °Ë’¬«¢Õâ ß°—∫°“√ Õ“À“√ O
dietary ‡°Ë¬’ «°∫— Õ“À“√ P
¬Õà ¬·ªßÑ º≈∑’ˉ¥§â Õ◊ πÈ”µ“≈ dietetics ‚¿™π“°“√, «‘™“∑Ë’«à“¥â«¬§ÿ≥·≈– Q
diastrophism °“√·ª√ ≥— ∞“π‡ª≈◊Õ°‚≈°* ‚∑…¢ÕßÕ“À“√ R
diatomaceous earth : diatomite ¥π‘ ‡∫“, ¥π‘ dietician π—°‚¿™π“°“√ (S. diettian) S
diethylstilboestrol ŒÕ√‚å ¡π‡æ»‡¡¬’  ß— ‡§√“–Àå T
‰¥Õ–µÕ¡ (´“°‰¥Õ–µÕ¡´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥– differential 1. ´÷Ëß·µ°µ“à ß°—π 2. °≈¡ÿà ‡øÕó ß∑’Ë U
‡ªìπºß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ‡∫“ „™â‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿª√—∫ „™ â ßà °”≈ß— ·∫ßà ‰ª∑‡’Ë æ≈“¢∫— 2 ‡æ≈“ («».) V
 ¿“檬ÿÜ ·Õ¡‚¡‡π¬’ ¡‰π‡µ√∑·≈–ª¬Üÿ º ¡) differential cam √–∫∫¢Õß≈°Ÿ ‡∫¬È’ «¢π“¥µ“à ßÊ W
(S. Kieselguhr, infusorial earth, sili- ∑Ë’∑”ß“πæ√âÕ¡°—π „π√–∫∫°”≈—ߢÕß X
ceous earth) ‡§√ÕË◊ ߬πµ°å “´ («».) Y
dibber ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß¡◊Õ∑”À≈¡ÿ differential gear √–∫∫‡øóÕß∑⓬∑Ë’ª√–°Õ∫ Z
dibble, to °“√À¬Õ¥À√Õ◊ ª≈Ÿ°¥«â ¬«‘∏’≈—°¥‘π ¥«â ¬™¥ÿ ‡øÕó ßÀ≈“¬Ê µ«— («».)
dicarpellate ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æŸ√ß— ‰¢à 2 æŸ differential lock Õªÿ °√≥≈å ÕÁ §‡øÕó ß∑“â ¬ ∑”„Àâ
dice µ—¥‡ªπì °âÕπ ‡Ë’ À≈’ˬ¡≈°Ÿ ∫“»°å ∂à“¬∑Õ¥°”≈—߉ª¬—ß≈âÕ¢—∫‰¥â‡∑à“°—π∑—Èß
dichasium ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫ determinate °â“π  Õߢ“â ß («».)
¥Õ°®–·µ°‡ªìπßà“¡ µ√ß°≈“ßßà“¡®–¡’ differential unit, front axle √–∫∫‡øóÕß
¥Õ°‡°‘¥Õ’° 1 ¥Õ° ¥Õ°µ√ß°≈“ß®– ¢π“¥µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∑”ß“πæ√âÕ¡°—π‡æ◊ËÕ
∫“π°Õà π
dichogamy ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’‡° √µ—«ºâŸ·≈–‡° √µ—«
‡¡’¬·°à‰¡àæ√âÕ¡°—π ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√º ¡
¢â“¡‰¥ßâ “à ¬

dichotomous ‡ªìπß“à ¡ Õ“®¡’ 1 À√◊ÕÀ≈“¬§àŸ ∂“à ¬∑Õ¥°”≈ß— ·≈–°“√‡§≈Õ◊Ë π∑ÊË’ ‡æ≈“Àπ“â

diclesium º≈·∫∫ achene ∑Ë’∂Ÿ°ÀàÕÀÿ⡥⫬ («».)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 90

A differential thermal analysis : D.T.A. °“√ digestion °“√¬àÕ¬Õ“À“√, °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
Õ“À“√∑Ë’‰¡à “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå
B «‘‡§√“–À姫“¡√âÕπ‡™‘ßÕπÿæ—π∏å, °“√ „À⇪ìπ “√∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„π ¿“æ¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π‡ªìπ
ª√–‚¬™π剥â
C «‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬Õ“»—¬§«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß°“√
D ¢¬“¬µ«— ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â√∫— §«“¡√Õâ π digger Õªÿ °√≥å∑Ë’„™â ”À√∫— ¢¥ÿ ‡™πà ®Õ∫ ‡ ¬’ ¡
E digitate ´÷Ë߬Ë◊πÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπ·©°Ê §≈⓬°“√
F differentially permeable membrane ‡¬◊ÕË
G ∑¬Ë’ Õ¡„À â “√µ“à ßÊ º“à π‰¥â„πÕ—µ√“µà“ß°—π ‡√’¬ßµ—«¢ÕßπÈ‘«¡◊Õ §◊Õ¡’∞“π‡°‘¥®“°®ÿ¥
‡¥’¬«°—π
H ·≈– “√∫“ßÕ¬à“߉¡ à “¡“√∂´÷¡ºà“π‰¥â dihybrid º≈‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√º ¡√–À«à“ßæÕà -
·¡∑à Ë’¡’¬’π (genes) ·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬Ÿà 2 µ«—
I differential water capacity §«“¡®ÿ ‡™àπ AaBb (À√◊Õ¡’≈—°…≥–º‘¥°—π 2
≈—°…≥– ≈—°…≥–∑È—ß ÕßπÈ’∂Ÿ°§«∫§ÿ¡‚¥¬
J §«“¡™◊ÈπÕπÿæ—π∏å ¬π’ ∑ˇ’ ªìπÕ ‘ √–µàÕ°—π)
dike : dyke æπ—ß*, §—π, ‡¢ÕË◊ π,  “¬Àπ‘ ,  à«π
K differentiate ·ª√ ¿“æ, ™’È„À‡â ÀπÁ §«“¡·µ°µ“à ß ¢ÕßÀ‘πÀπ◊¥ (magma) ∑’Ë·¬°µ—«ÕÕ°
®“°·À≈àß°”‡π¥‘ ‡ªπì  “¬‡≈Á°≈ß
L differentiation °“√·ª√ ¿“æ, °“√·ª√√Ÿª dikaryon π«‘ ‡§≈’¬ ∑Ë’¡’ 2n ‚¥¬‰¥â¡“®“°‡™◊ÈÕ
M µ«— ºŸâ·≈–‡™ÈÕ◊ µ—«‡¡’¬¢“â ß≈– n
N ¢Õ߇´≈≈剪‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡‡´≈≈å„ À ¡à ∑Ë’ ¡’ dimension ¢π“¥, ¡µ‘ ‘
dimensionless ‰¡à¡À’ π«à ¬
O ≈°— …≥–·≈–Àπ“â ∑·’Ë µ°µ“à ߉ª®“°‡´≈≈‡å ¥¡‘ dimension shingle ·ªÑπ‡°≈Á¥À√◊Õ°√–‡∫È◊Õß
P ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇢⓰—∫Àπâ“∑Ë’¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑È—ßÀ≈“¬ ‰¡*â (¢π“¥‡¥¬’ «°π— )
dimension stock ‰¡‡â ≈◊ÕË ¬‰¥¢â π“¥*
Q „π¢≥–∑Õ’Ë π‘ ∑√¬’ åπ—Èπ°”≈ß— ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ

R diffuse øÿÑß°√–®“¬, Õ“°“√∑’Ë “√øÑÿß°√–®“¬

S ®“°·À≈àß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß‰ª Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥∑Ë’

T ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âππâÕ¬°«à“, ·µ°°Ë‘ßÀ√◊Õ

U ¢¬“¬ÕÕ°‡ªπì °√–®ÿ°
V
W diffuse-porous woods ‡πÈ◊Õ‰¡âÀπ⓵—¥, ‰¡â

X æÕ√å°√–®“¬
Y diffusion °“√·æ√°à √–®“¬

Z diffusion coefficient  —¡ª√– ‘∑∏Ï‘°“√·æ√à

°√–®“¬ dimorphic ‡°¥‘ ¢Èπ÷ ‡ªìπ Õß·∫∫, ¿“«–√Ÿª√à“ß

diffusion pressure §«“¡‚π⡇Ւ¬ß¢Õß  Õß·∫∫

‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑®’Ë –øÑÿß°√–®“¬ dimorphism ¥Ÿ dimorphic

diffusion process °√√¡«∏‘ ’´÷¡´“∫ (¥Ÿ pre- dinkey √∂®°— √‡≈Á°* (≈“°‰¡â)

servation, wood) dioecious æ™◊ ∑Ë¡’ ¥’ Õ°µ—«ºâ·Ÿ ≈–¥Õ°µ«— ‡¡’¬Õ¬Ÿà

diffusion treatment °“√Õ“∫π”È ¬“‰¡â·∫∫ µ“à ßµâπ°π— , æ◊™‡æ»·¬°µπâ

´÷¡´“∫ dioecious, polygamo æ◊™∑’Ë¡’¥Õ°µ—«ºŸâ°—∫

diffusivity, hydraulic  ¿“æ·æ√àπÈ” ¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ»Õ¬ŸàµâπÀπ÷Ëß ·≈–¡’¥Õ°

digestibility  “√¬Õà ¬‰¥â µ—«‡¡’¬°—∫¥Õ° ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‡æ»Õ¬ŸàÕ’°µâπÀπË÷ß

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

91

„πæ™◊ ™π¥‘ ‡¥’¬«°—π («».) A
B
dip 1. π”È ¬“®àÿ¡‰¡â* 2. √Õ¬∫“°≈à“ß*, √Õ¬ disc brake Àâ“¡≈âÕ™π‘¥Àπâ“ —¡º— ‡ªìπ·ºàπ C
D
∫“°Àπ“â * (¥Ÿ underent) 3. ®¡àÿ * 4. ‡°∫Á * °≈¡ («».) E
F
(¬“ß πÀ√◊Õ™—π‰¡â®“°∂⫬), ¬“ß π‡°Á∫ disc coulter „∫¡¥’ µ¥— ¥‘π·∫∫°≈¡·∫π(«».) G
H
®“°∂⫬* disc cultivator : disc harrow ™ÿ¥®“π I
J
diploid  ¿“æ∑Ë’¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2 ™ÿ¥ (2n) °√–∑–°≈¡ 3-4 „∫µ‘¥∫π™ÿ¥‡æ≈“´÷Ëß„™â K
L
´÷Ë߉¥â·°à‡´≈≈傧√ß √â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õßæ◊™ À¡πÿ æ√«π¥‘π («».) M
N
·≈– —µ«å∑ÿ°™π‘¥πÕ°®“°‡´≈≈å ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå disc flower ¥Õ°∑’ˇ°‘¥Õ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥ à«π°≈“ß O
P
(germ cell) ¢Õß™àÕ¥Õ°¢Õßæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈¥“«‡√◊Õß Q
R
diplostemonous ¡’‡° √µ—«ºŸâ 2 «ß æ«°∑ÕË’ ¬àŸ (composite) ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπÀ≈Õ¥·µ° S
T
«ßπÕ°®–‡°‘¥ ≈—∫°—∫°≈’∫¥Õ°  à«π µ“à ß®“° ray flower ´ß÷Ë Õ¬√Ÿà Õ∫πÕ° (æƒ.) U
V
«ß„π®–Õ¬Ÿàµ√ß°π— ¢â“¡°∫— °≈’∫¥Õ° discharge 1.  ß‘Ë ¢—∫∂“à ¬,  Ëß‘ ¢—∫∑‘Èß 2. ª√¡‘ “≥ W
X
dip net  «‘ß «— ¥∑ÿ ’Ë√–∫“¬ÕÕ° 3. ª≈Õà ¬ÕÕ°, √–∫“¬ Y
Z
dipper, brown π°¡¥ÿ πÈ” (π°„π °≈ÿ Cinclus ÕÕ°, ¢—∫∑ßÈ‘ , ∑”„ÀâÀ≈ÿ¥æâπ

pallasii) discharge head §«“¡¥π— ∑®’Ë ÿ¥ª≈Õà ¬πÈ”ÕÕ°

dipping 1. ª≈¥ª≈Õà ¬, ¢—∫∑Èß‘ , ∑”„ÀâÀ≈ÿ¥æâπ discharge hose ∑Õà ∑“ßÕÕ°, ∑Õà ∑µ’Ë ¥‘ °—∫¥â“π

2. °“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬, °“√¢—∫∑Èß‘ ,  ßË‘ ¢—∫∂“à ¬ ª≈àÕ¬π”È ÕÕ°

3. °“√®à¡ÿ , °“√·™,à °“√™∫ÿ „π¢Õ߇À≈« discharge pipe ¥Ÿ discharge hose

dipping axe ¢«“π‚¬π* discharge pressure §«“¡¥—π∑Ë’À—«©’¥æàπ

dip(ping) treatment °“√Õ“∫π”È ¬“‰¡·â ∫∫®¡àÿ , À√◊Õ®ÿ¥∑’˪≈àÕ¬πÈ”ÕÕ°¢Õߪöí¡ (¥Ÿ dis-

«‘∏’°“√®ÿ¡à * (¥Ÿ preservation, wood) charge head)

dipstick ¥“â ¡‡ ¬’ ¡, ¥â“¡æ≈«—Ë discoid ¡’·µà disc flower ‡∑à“πÈ—π

dipstick : dipstick, oil ∑®Ë’ ÿà¡«—¥√–¥∫— πÈ”¡π— discoloration °“√‡ ’¬ ’*, √Õ¬¥à“ß*, °“√

‡§√Ë◊Õß øÕ° ,’ °“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π ’ (¥Ÿ stain)

dipstick level √–¥∫— ¢Õßπ”È ¡π— ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß´ßË÷ √–∫‰ÿ «â discontinuous (growth)-ring «ß‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¡à

∑ÊË’ ®ÿ¡à «¥— √–¥—∫ √Õ∫*

disafforest, to ‡æ‘°∂Õπ°“√ ß«π discovery (fire) °“√æ∫‰øª“É

disarticulating ·¬°ÕÕ°®“°°π— ‡¡ËÕ◊ ·°à disc plough º“≈‰∂°√–∑– («».)

disassemble ∂Õ¥, ·¬°™È‘π à«π disc plough, power ‰∂°√–∑–∑ÀË’ ¡ÿπµ—¥¥‘π

disc : disk 1. ≈—°…≥–§≈⓬®“𠇙àπ „π ¥«â ¬·√ß®“°‡æ≈“Õ”π«¬°”≈—ß («».)

∞“π√Õߥհ¢Õß¡–¡à«ß 2. «— ¥ÿ∑Ë’‡ªìπ disease, wilt ‚√§‡ÀË’¬«

·ºàπ°≈¡ 3. «— ¥ÿ∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ߧ≈⓬°√–∑– disease free ª≈Õ¥‚√§

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 92

A disengage ∂Õ¥ÕÕ°, ·¬°ÕÕ° dissection °“√´Õ¬·∫àß
disseminate ·æ√°à √–®“¬, ‡º¬·æ√à
B disforest, to ‡æ°‘ ∂Õπ°“√ ß«π dissemination °“√·æ√°à √–®“¬, °“√ ßà ¢“à « “√
dissimilation °“√¥¥Ÿ ∂“à ¬, °“√·µ°µà“ß°π— ‰ª
C dish 1. ®“π√ÕßÀ—«´ÿß* (¥Ÿ skidding pan) 2. distal ‰°≈ÕÕ°‰ª®“°®ÿ¥‡√Ë‘¡À√◊Õ®ÿ¥∑’ˇ°“–µ‘¥
D
E ‚§âß√ªŸ ∂⫬ 3. ÀàÕµ—«* (S. cupping) Õ¬Ÿ,à ª≈“¬
F dish rag gourd ∫«∫ÀÕ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Luffa distichous ¡’ 2 ·∂«
distillation of wood, destructive °“√°≈π—Ë
G cylindica, Roem.)
∑”≈“¬‰¡*â (S. wood pyrolysis)
H disinfect ∑”≈“¬‡™È◊Õ, ¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§ distillers (distillerûs solubles)  “à ‡À≈“â , ‡»…

I disinfectant  “√¶à“‡™È◊Õ‚√§ ‡À≈Õ◊ ®“°‚√ßß“π √ÿ “ („™‡â ªπì Õ“À“√ µ— «å‰¥â
‡æ√“–¡«’ µ‘ “¡‘π·≈–‡°≈◊Õ·√)à
J disinfection °“√∑”≈“¬‡™ÈÕ◊ distillery waste ¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ®“°°“√°≈Ë—π
K (·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈)å
L disinfection tank ∂ß— ª≈Õ¥‡™È◊Õ distinct ‰¡àµ¥‘ À√◊Õ‡™◊ÕË ¡°—π, ·¬°ÕÕ°®“°°—π
distort ‡ª≈¬’Ë π√ªŸ , ‡ ¬’ √ªŸ ‰ª®“°‡¥¡‘ (‡πÕË◊ ß®“°
M disintegrate ·µ° ≈“¬, ·µ°°√–®“¬ °“√∫¥‘ )
distortion °“√‡ ¬’ √ªŸ √“à ߉ª®“°‡¥¡‘ , °“√∫¥‘ ßÕ
N dispatcher (fire) ºÕŸâ ”𫬰“√¥∫— ‰ø (¥Ÿ warp)
distributaries 1. √–∫∫∑àÕ¢π“¥‡≈Á°∑µË’ Õà ¡“
O dispatcherûs meter(fire) µ“√“ß√–¬–¥∫— ‰ø ®“°√–∫∫∑àÕÀ≈—° 2. ∑àÕ¢π“¥‡≈Á°∑Ë’π”
πÈ”™≈ª√–∑“π®“°∑Õà ·¢π߉ª àŸ‰√àπ“
P dispatching (or get away) time ‡«≈“ àß distributed load(ing) π”È Àπ—°°√–®“¬* [¥Ÿ
load(ing)]
Q °”≈—ß distributing head §«“¡¥π— ¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«∑Ë∑’ Õà
·¬°¢Õß√–∫∫ (¡—°«—¥‡ªì𧫓¡ Ÿß¢ÕßÊ
R dispersant  “√ à߇ √‘¡°“√°√–®“¬ ( “√ ‡À≈«) («».)
S distribution pattern √ªŸ ·∫∫°“√°√–®“¬
T ∑Ë’™à«¬„Àâ·√॑π‡À𒬫øÑÿß°√–®“¬·≈– distributor 1. Õªÿ °√≥∑å Ë’„™æâ πà ª¬Üÿ À√Õ◊  “√‡§¡’
U ·¢«π≈Õ¬„ππÈ”) 2. Õªÿ °√≥∑å Ë’„™â„π°“√¢π¬â“¬≈”‡≈’¬ß« — ¥ÿ
®“°∑ÀË’ π÷Ë߉ª¬ß— ∑’ËÕËπ◊ Ê 3. Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™æâ àπ
V disperse °√–®“¬ π¡∫πº«‘ ∑’ˇ¬πÁ ‡æÕË◊ ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿¡Ÿ ‘ (Õµ.)

W dispersion °“√°√–®“¬*, °“√∑”„ÀâÕπÿ¿“§

X ·¢«π≈Õ¬Õ¬àŸ„ππ”È

Y dispersion medium µ—«°“√øßÿÑ °√–®“¬
Z dispose ®¥— , «“ß, °”Àπ¥, ‡Õ“ÕÕ°‰ª

disposition §ÿ≥≈—°…≥–, Õ“√¡≥å, π ‘ ¬— „®§Õ

disqualify ߥ殑 “√≥“

disreserve ‡æ°‘ ∂Õπ°“√ ß«π

dissected ·∫ßà ÕÕ°‡ªπì ·ºàπ∫“ßÊ µ“¡¬“«‰¥â

À≈“¬ «à π

dissected erosion surface æπÈ◊ º«‘ ‡À≈Õ◊ ®“°

°“√°√Õà π´Õ¬·∫àß

dissected plateau ∑’Ë√“∫ Ÿß´Õ¬·∫ßà *

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

93

distributor, field Õÿª°√≥å‚√¬ªÿܬÀ√◊Õ‡¡≈Á¥ doe ·¡à (·æ–, °«“ß, °√–µà“¬) A
B
æ◊™≈ß¥π‘ ‚¥¬‰¡°à ≈∫„Àâ dog ¢Õ©“°*, ¢Õ‡¢È’¬«*, ¢Õ¬◊¥, ¬◊¥¥â«¬¢Õ* C
D
distributor pipe ∑àÕ∑Ë’µ‘¥°—∫‡§√◊ËÕ߇ªÉ“«— ¥ÿ dog board °√–¥“π·ºà𵑥¢Õ, °√–¥“π¡’ E
F
‡æË◊Õ𔉪‡°∫Á ∑’∂Ë ß— ‡°∫Á À√◊Õ‰´‚≈ √Õ¬¢Õ* (S. backing board) G
distributor, pneumatic Õÿª°√≥å„ÀâªÜÿ¬À√◊Õ dog spike ª≈ß‘ À√◊Õµ–ª¬Ÿ ÷¥√“ß* («π.) H
dollar bird π°µ–¢“∫¥ß (π°„π °ÿ≈ Eury- I
 “√‡§¡’·°æà ◊™√–∫∫·√ߥ—πÕ“°“» J
disturbed soil ¥π‘ ∑Ë’‰¡àÕ¬Ÿµà “¡ ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ stomus orientalis) K
ditch §Ÿ, §≈Õß dolly 1.√∂ “≈’*Ë 2. ‡ “ ßà ‡¢Á¡* (¥Ÿ bogie) L
diuresis °“√ªí  “«–¡“°º¥‘ ª√°µ‘ dolomite ‚¥‚≈‰¡∑å* (∑∫— »æ— ∑)å M
diurnal 1. °≈“ß«—π 2. ª√–®”«π— (S. circa- dolostone ·√ஔ櫰 CaMg(CO ) ∑’Ë¡’ N
O
dian, daily) 3. ‡ªî¥‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ 32 P
· ß·¥¥À√◊Õ· ß «à“ß Q
diurnal variation °“√ºπ— ·ª√„π√Õ∫«—π ‚¥‚≈‰¡∑¡å “°°«à“·§≈‰´∑å R
divaricate ·ºÀà à“ß°π— dome bog Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «—µ∂ÿ – ¡√ªŸ ‚¥¡ S
divergent Àà“ß°π— , ≈àŸÕÕ° domesticate π”¡“‡≈È’¬ß„À‡â ™ËÕ◊ ß, ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ‰¡â T
diversify ∑”„À·â µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª U
diversification °“√∑”‡°…µ√°√√¡À≈“¬¥“â π ∫“â π V
‡™àπ ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™À≈“¬™π‘¥‡≈È’¬ß —µ«åÀ≈“¬ domesticated fowl ‰°à∫â“π W
Õ¬“à ß domestication °“√Ω°ñ „ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π§Õ° X
diverted stream ∏“√πÈ”‡ª≈¬Ë’ 𠓬 dominance ≈—°…≥–¢à¡, ¬’π (gene) ∑Ë’ Y
divided ·¬°µ√ß∫√‡‘ «≥∞“π Z
division 1. °“√·∫àß°≈¡àÿ „πÕ“≥“®°— √æ™◊ À√Õ◊ · ¥ßÕÕ°·≈–„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¢à¡¬’πµ—«
 —µ«å 2. °“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏åÿ·∫∫‰¡àÕ“»—¬‡æ» ÕπË◊ ‰¡à„Àâ· ¥ßÕÕ°‡¡ËÕ◊ ¡“Õ¬à√Ÿ «à ¡°—π
3. °“√·¬°ÀπàÕ, °“√·∫àß(‡´≈≈å) dominant 1. ‡¥πà , ¢¡à , ≈—°…≥–‡¥πà , ≈—°…≥–
d.o.b. : diameter over or outside bark ª√–®”¢ÕßæàÕÀ√◊Õ·¡à (ΩÉ“¬„¥ΩÉ“¬ÀπË÷ß)
 .π.ª. (‡ âπº“à »Ÿπ¬å°≈“߇ÀπÕ◊ ‡ª≈Õ◊ °) ´÷Ëߪ√“°ØÕÕ°¡“™—¥‡®π¡“„π≈Ÿ°º ¡
docile  ¿ÿ “æ, πßË‘ , ‡ß¬’ ∫, ‡™ËÕ◊ ß, Ωñ°‰¥ßâ “à ¬ (æ∏.) 2. µπâ ‰¡™â π—È ‡¥àπ («π.) 3. æπ— ∏ÿ剡â
docility §«“¡‡™Õ◊Ë ß, §«“¡‡ß¬’ ∫ ‡¥àπ (π«.)
dock µ—¥·µßà * dominant character ≈°— …≥–‡¥àπ
docking saw ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬µ¥— ·µßà * (¥Ÿ saw) dominate ¡Õ’ ∑‘ ∏‘æ≈
dodder ΩÕ¬∑Õß («—™æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ dominated 1. µâπ‰¡â∂°Ÿ ¢¡à («π.) 2. æπ— ∏ÿ剡â
Cuscuta spp.) √Õß (π«.)
donkey ‡§√◊ÕË ß®°— √°«“â π‰¡â* (·°ππÕπ)
donkey, spool ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß®—°√°«â“π‰¡â* (·°πµÈ—ß)
donor ºâŸ„À,â µ«— „Àâ

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 94

A donor parent æàÕÀ√◊Õ·¡à´Ë÷ß®–‡ªìπµ—«„Àâ double-bladed axe ¢«“π Õߧ¡*
double decomposition reaction °√–∫«π°“√
B ≈°— …≥–∑µË’ Õâ ß°“√„π°“√º ¡°≈—∫
·µ°µ«— ·≈â«∑”ªØ°‘ ‘√¬‘ “
C dormancy  ¿“ææ—°µ—«, °“√æ—°µ—«¢Õßæ◊™ double dray ‡≈◊ËÕπæ«à ߧŸà*
D double-drum winch °«“â π√–«‘ߧŸ*à
E À√◊Õ à«π¢Õßæ◊™ ∑”„Àâ°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ double flower ¥Õ°∑¡Ë’  ’ à«π¢Õߥհ¡“°°«“à

F ¿“¬„πæ◊™À√◊Õ à«π¢Õßæ◊™π—ÈπÀ¬ÿ¥™–ß—° ª√°µ‘ (‡™àπ °≈’∫¥Õ°) ∫“ß∑’‡° √µ—«ºâŸ
G ‰ª™—Ë«‡«≈“ÀπËß÷ , √–¬–æ—°µ—« ·≈–µ—«‡¡’¬‡ª≈Ë’¬π√Ÿª‰ª‡ªìπ à«π¢Õß°≈’∫
(perianth segments)
H dormancy, seed °“√ßπ— ¢Õ߇¡≈Á¥ double-frill girdle  ∫— °“π√Õ¬§*àŸ (S. double-
hack girdle, two-hack girdle)
I dormancy secondary, seed °“√ß—π¢Õß double-hack  —∫°“π√Õ¬§àŸ
double-handed saw ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬¡◊Õ§*àŸ (¥Ÿ saw)
J ‡¡≈Á¥√–¬–∑ Ë’ Õß double manure salts ‡°≈◊Õ‡™‘ß§àŸ (¥Ÿ double
salts)
K dormant æ°— µ—« double ring «ß‡µ‘∫‚µ´âÕπ* (S. multiple
ring)
L dormant bud µ“ (µâπ‰¡â) ßπ— double salts ‡°≈◊Õ‡™‘ߧŸà (ªÿܬÀ√◊Õ‡°≈◊Õ´÷Ëß¡’
M ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢Õß “√ Õß™π‘¥Õ¬¥Ÿà «â ¬°π— ‡™πà
N dormant spray °“√æàπ “√‡§¡’∫“ß™π‘¥∫π ·§≈‡´¬’Ë ¡‰π‡µ√∑°—∫¬Ÿ‡√’¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ≈–≈“¬π”È
‡°≈◊Õ®–·µ°µ—«·¬°ÕÕ°®“°°—π ‚¥¬
O µπâ æ™◊ „π™«à ß∑æ’Ë ™◊ æ°— µ«— ‡æÕ◊Ë ªÕÑ ß°π— »µ— √æŸ ™◊ ª√°µ‘‡°≈◊Õ‡™‘ß§àŸ®–¥Ÿ¥§«“¡™È◊𬓰°«à“
P dorsal ·Ààߥâ“π∫πÀ√Õ◊ ¥â“πÀ≈—ß À√◊Õº«‘ πÕ°  “√‡¥¡‘ )

Q dorsal fin §√∫’ À≈ß—

R dorsal line ‡ âπÀ≈—ß

S dorsifixed µ‘¥Õ¬°Ÿà ∫— ¥“â πÀ≈ß—

T dorsiventral ¡’º‘«¥â“π∫π·≈–¥“â π≈à“ßµà“ß°π—

U Õ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â™¥—
V
W dote : doat °“√º√ÿ –¬–‡√¡‘Ë ·√°* (S. druxy)

X double acting  Õß∑»‘ ∑“ß,  Õ߮ߗ À«–
Y double acting cylinder °√–∫Õ°‰Œ‚¥√≈‘§

Z ´÷Ëß„Àâ·√ß„π 2 ∑‘»∑“ß (‰ª-°≈∫— )

double acting deep well pump ªöí¡´÷Ëß¡’ double serrate ¢Õ∫„∫∑¡’Ë À’ ¬°— §≈“â ¬øπí ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬

ºπ—ß Õß™È—π ¡«’ “≈å«æ‘‡»… 4 µ—« ™à«¬„Àâ ‡≈°Á Ê ‡°¥‘ ´âÕπÀ¬°— ∑À’Ë ¬“∫°«à“

πÈ”‰À≈ÕÕ°∑È—ß„π™à«ß™—°¢÷Èπ·≈–™à«ß™—°≈ß double slackline ·∫∫ “¬À≈—°À¬àÕπ§Ÿà*

„™ â ”À√∫— ∫Õà ∫“¥“≈ (¥Ÿ cable logging, powered)

double acting tank pump ªíö¡ ”À√—∫ double sled(ge) ‡≈ÕË◊ πæ«à ߧ*àŸ

‡§√◊ËÕßæàπ¢Õ߇À≈«´÷Ëß “¡“√∂æàπÕÕ°¡“ double working °“√µàÕ°Ë‘ß∑Ë’„™âµâπµÕ∑àÕπ

‰¥∑â Èß— „π™«à ß™°— ¢π÷È ·≈–™«à ß™—°≈ß °≈“ß (intermediate stock)

double band-mill ‚√߇≈Ë◊Õ¬ “¬æ“π§Ÿà* double yolk ‰¢à·Ω¥

(¥Ÿ mill)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

95

dough ·ªÑß‚¥, °âÕπ·ªÑß∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√π«¥·ªÑß draught control °“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√≈“°¥÷ß A
B
 “≈’°—∫πÈ”·≈–¬’ µå ¡≈’ °— …≥–¬◊¥À¬àÿπ Õªÿ °√≥¢å Õß·∑√°‡µÕ√å C
D
dough stage √–¬–∑’Ëæ◊™‡µ∫‘ ‚µ¡’§«“¡ÕÕà ππÿà¡ draught gauge ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß«—¥§«“¡¥—π ∂‘µ¬¢å Õß E
F
(‰¡à·°à‰¡àÕàÕπ‡°‘π‰ª),√–¬–∑Ë’‡¡≈Á¥¢â“« Õ“°“»„π∑Õà G
H
‡ªìππÈ”π¡ draught hole √Ÿµ√ß°≈“ߢÕߙȑπ à«π∑’Ë„™â I
J
downstroke ™«à ß™°— ≈ß  ”À√—∫‡ ’¬∫ ≈—°µàÕÕªÿ °√≥å°—∫µπâ °”≈—ß K
L
downy ª°§≈¡ÿ ¥â«¬¢π È—πÊ ∑’ÕË Õà ππÿ¡à drawbar §“π≈“°* M
N
dove π°‡¢“ drawbar horse power °”≈—ß¡â“≈“°¥÷ß(∑’Ë O
P
drag 1. ‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√—∫√–¥—∫*, ‡§√◊ËÕßæ√«π¥‘π ·∑√°‡µÕ√å„™â„π°“√≈“°¥÷ßÕÿª°√≥åæà«ß Q
R
™π¥‘ Àπß÷Ë 2. √∂ “≈*’Ë (ÀÕâ ¬´ßÿ ), (¥Ÿ bogie) À√◊Õ∑’˵âÕß°“√„™â≈“°Õÿª°√≥åæà«ß¥â«¬ S
T
3. ≈“°´ßÿ , ™°— ≈“°µ“¡æπ◊È ¥π‘ * (¥Ÿ ground- §«“¡‡√«Á §ß∑Ë)’ U
V
skid) 4. µ“â π∑“π, ‡ ’¬¥ ’ drawbar pin  ≈—°∑Ë’¬÷¥√–À«à“ߧ“π≈“°°—∫ W
X
drag bar ·°π¢«“ߢÕ߇§√Ë◊Õßµ—¥À≠“â Õÿª°√≥å∑Ë’∂°Ÿ ≈“°¥ß÷ Y
Z
drag chain ‚´à≈“°´ÿß* drawbar pull ·√ߥ÷ß ÿ∑∏‘´Ë÷ß„™â≈“°Õÿª°√≥å

drag coefficient  ¡— ª√– ∑‘ ∏·‘Ï √ßµ“â π∑“π ∑’˧“π≈“° „π∑‘»∑“ß°“√‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑Ë’ (¥Ÿ

drag-hole ®¡Ÿ°´ÿß* draught)

drag line  “¬≈“°* (¥Ÿ line) draw knife ¡’¥¢¥Ÿ (S. shave)

drag road 1. ∑“ß™—°≈“°* 2. ∑“ß°≈∫— * dray 1. ∑«’Ë “߉¡∫â π‡≈Õ◊Ë π* (S. rack) 2. ‡≈Õ◊Ë π

drag saw ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬™°— µ—¥* (¥Ÿ saw) ≈“°‰¡â*

dragging pin À¡ÿ¥¢Õ≈“°´ßÿ * dray, double ‡≈ÕË◊ πæà«ß§*àŸ

drainage °“√√–∫“¬π”È *, °“√´¡÷ ≈°÷ drench 1. °√Õ°¬“ 2. ¬“∑Ë’„™°â √Õ°

drainage, soil °“√√–∫“¬π”È ¢Õߥ‘π drenching °“√„À¬â “∑“ߪ“°

drainage area ∫√‘‡«≥πÈ”¬Õâ ¬ dressed, to ‰ ·≈«â *, ·µßà º‘«·≈«â *, µ°·µßà ,

drainage basin æ◊Èπ∑Ë’√∫— π”È ∑√Ë’ –∫“¬®“°√–∫∫ ™”·À≈–

°“√√–∫“¬πÈ” dressed timber ‰¡â‰ ·≈â«* (¥Ÿ surfaced

drainage system √–∫∫√–∫“¬π”È À√Õ◊ ¢Õ߇À≈« timber)

drain off √–∫“¬ÕÕ°À¡¥ dressing °“√·µßà ‡¢“ µ— «å, ¢Õßµ°·µàß∑Ë’‚√¬‰«â

draught ·√ß©ÿ¥≈“°, ´Ë÷ß©¥ÿ ≈“° ¢â“ß∫π

draught angle ¡ÿ¡√–À«à“ß·π«·√ߥ÷ß dribble banding °“√„ àªÜÿ¬∫πº‘«¥‘π‡ªìπ·∂∫

Õÿª°√≥å¢Õßµâπ°”≈—ß°—∫Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ dried joint √Õ¬µÕà °“«‰¡àµ¥‘ * (¥Ÿ joint)

¬Õà ¬„π·π«√“∫¢Õß·√ߥ÷ßπ—Èπ drier 1. ‡µ“Õ∫*, ‡§√ÕË◊ ß∑”·Àßâ (S. kiln, dry)

draught animal  µ— «≈å “°®Ÿß,  —µ«å„™âß“π 2.  “√´—°·Àâß*

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 96

A drier, mechanical ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫‡§√◊ÕË ß°≈* drive chain ‚´à¢—∫ („™â∂à“¬∑Õ¥°”≈—ß®“°
‡æ≈“‡øóÕߢ∫— ‚´)à
B drier, platen ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫·ºàπ√Õâ π*
drive in net‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊ ®∫—  µ— «πå È”ª√–‡¿∑Õ«π‰≈à
C drift 1. ∑“ߧ«π— ‰ø 2. ‡§≈ËÕ◊ π 3. Àπ‘ À≈ÿ¥ ‚¥¬¢÷ßÕ«π‰«â∑“ߥâ“π„µâπÈ” ·≈â«°√–∑àÿ¡
D π”È „Àâ µ— «åµ°„®À𒉪µ°Õ¬àŸ„π∑âÕßÕ«π
E ‡≈ÕË◊ π (∏.) 4. ≈–ÕÕß 5. ≈Õ¬‰ª„π¢Õ߉À≈
driven wheel ≈Õâ µ“¡ (≈Õâ ∑√Ë’ ∫— °”≈ß— ®“°≈Õâ ¢∫— )
F (‡™àπ Õ“°“»À√Õ◊ π”È ) drive pulley ≈âÕ¢—∫ “¬æ“π
G drift, spray ≈–ÕÕߢÕ߇À≈« (®“°‡§√ÕË◊ ß©’¥ driving, timber °“√≈¡â ‰¡â‡ªìπ°≈à¡ÿ *
driving test °“√∑¥≈Õߢ∫— ¢’Ë
H æàπ) driving wheel ¥Ÿ driven wheel
drone ºß÷È µ—«ºŸâ
I drift gill net, bottom Õ«π≈Õ¬µ¥‘ °âπ∑–‡≈ drongo π°·´ß·´« (π°„π °≈ÿ Dicrurus sp.)
droop °“√‚§âßßÕ≈ß
J drift gill net, surface Õ«π≈Õ¬µ‘¥º«‘ πÈ” drooping °“√‡À¬’Ë «¢Õßæ™◊ , (À)Ÿ ª√°, À¬Õà π¬“π
droplet À¬¥‡≈°Á Ê ¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈«, À¬¥≈–ÕÕß
K drift (wood) ‰¡â‰À≈≈Õ¬* («π.) (S. waif) droplet application °“√©’¥æàπ¢Õ߇À≈«
L
M drill 1. ‡§√Ë◊ÕßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™„À⇪ìπ·∂« ‡æË◊Õ«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡©æ“– (‡™àπ æàπ “√
°”®¥— ·¡≈ß)
N 2. ·π«À¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥, ·∂«‡¡≈¥Á æ™◊ ∑’ËÀ«“à π droplet distribution °“√°√–®“¬¢ÕßÀ¬¥
O 3. ‡§√ÕË◊ ß∑”·π« 4.  «à“π ¢Õ߇À≈«∑’æË àπÕÕ°¡“®“°À—«©¥’
droplet intensity §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢ÕßÀ¬¥
P drill, to ª≈°Ÿ æ™◊ ‡ªπì ·∂«, À¬Õ¥‡¡≈¥Á µ“¡·π«, ≈–ÕÕß (¢÷πÈ °—∫¢π“¥·≈–®”π«πµÕà æπ◊È ∑’)Ë
droplet size ¢π“¥¢ÕßÀ¬¥≈–ÕÕß
Q ‡®“–√¥Ÿ ⫬ «“à π

R drill, combination ‡§√Ë◊ÕßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥æ—π∏ÿå

S ·≈–ª¬Üÿ æ√Õâ ¡Ê °—π
T
U drill, hand-held 1. ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥æ—π∏åÿ

V ¥â«¬¡◊Õ 2.  «à“π¡◊Õ
W drill, plain ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¬Õ¥‡¡≈Á¥æ—π∏åÿ

X drill, seed and fertilizer ¥Ÿ drill, combina-

Y tion

Z drillability §«“¡§≈Õà ß„π°“√≈π◊Ë ‰À≈ (¢Õߪ¬ÿÜ )

drillow √Õà ßÀ√◊Õ·∂«∑Ë’À«à“π‡¡≈¥Á ·≈«â À√Õ◊ ∑Ë’ droplet sprayer ‡§√◊ÕË ßæπà À¬¥≈–ÕÕß

ª≈Ÿ°‰«·â ≈«â dropper ‰¡¥â √Õª‡ªÕ√å

drip πÈ”À¬¥, πÈ”®¡È‘ drop sorter ‡§√◊ÕË ß§¥— §«“¡¬“«‰¡*â

drip irrigation °“√„ÀâπÈ”·∫∫À¬¥ drought ™à«ßƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß, §«“¡·Àâß·≈âß„π√–¬–

drip pan ∂“¥∑’Ë„™â√ÕßÀ¬¥πÈ”¡—πÀ√◊Õ ‡«≈“∑¬Ë’ “«π“π

¢Õ߇À≈«ÕËπ◊ „π‡§√ÕË◊ ߬πµå drought resistant §«“¡∑π∑“πµÕà §«“¡·Àâß

drive 1. ‰¡â´ÿß√–À«à“ߧ—¥‰≈à* 2. °“√¢—∫ ·≈âß

‡§≈Ë◊Õπ¥â«¬°”≈—ß°≈* drought ring «ß·º≈‡ªπì * (‡æ√“–·≈ßâ ®¥— )

drive, to §—¥‰≈à‰¡*â , ¢∫— ‡§≈◊ËÕπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πµå drum ∂—ß,  Ëß‘ ∑¡’Ë √’ ªŸ °≈¡‡ªìπ°√–∫Õ° Èπ— Ê

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

97

drum, thresher ≈Ÿ°π«¥ dry-sloop °“√ª≈àÕ¬‰¡â·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß, ≈“°¥â«¬ A
B
drum granulator ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪπíô ‡¡¥Á (ª¬Üÿ ) ·∫∫∂ß— ‡≈ËÕ◊ π ≈Ÿª* (‰¡¡à ’À¡‘ –) C
D
drunken saw ‡≈Ë◊Õ¬‡´“–√àÕß* (¥Ÿ saw) dry wood termite ª≈«°‰¡·â Àßâ * (¥Ÿ termite) E
F
drupe º≈™π¥‘ ∑Ë’·°à·≈⫉¡·à µ° ¡‡’ πÕÈ◊ ¡“° ¡’ dual ´Ë÷߇ªπì §Ÿà G
H
‡¡≈Á¥ 1 ‡¡≈Á¥Õ¬Ÿà„π‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™È—π„π dual application °“√„ ªà ¬Üÿ  Õß™π¥‘ æ√Õâ ¡°π— I
J
(endocarp) ∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–·¢Áß ‡√’¬°Õ’° dual placement °“√„ ªà ¬ÿÜ  Õß™π‘¥‡ªπì ·∂∫ K
L
Õ¬“à ßÀπËß÷ «“à çstone fruité „µºâ «‘ ¥‘π M
N
drupelet º≈ (drupe) ¬Õà ¬ dual-purpose breeds  “¬æ—π∏ÿå —µ«å∑Ë’„Àâ O
P
druse crystal º≈°÷ °âÕπ°≈¡* (¥Ÿ crystal) º≈º≈µ‘  ÕßÕ¬à“ß (‡™àπ „À≢à-‡πÕ◊È , ‡πÕÈ◊ - Q
R
druxy °“√ºÿ√–¬–‡√Ë‘¡·√°* (S. dote, doat) π¡) S
T
dry-dipterocarp forest ¥Ÿ deciduous dual salt process °√–∫«π°“√‡°≈Õ◊ §Ÿà U
V
dipterocarp forest d.u.b. : diameter under bark  .µ.ª. (‡ πâ W
X
dry end 1. ∑“â ¬‡µ“Õ∫* (·∫∫µÕà ‡π◊ËÕß) («π.) º“à »Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„µâ‡ª≈Õ◊ °*) Y
Z
dry evergreen forest ª“É ¥∫‘ ·≈ßâ dub grass À≠“â ·æ√° («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °≈ÿ

dry-floated ‰¡·â Àßâ ≈Õ¬π”È , ≈àÕß·Àâß* Cynodon dactylon, Pers.)

drying °“√ºß÷Ë ·≈–Õ∫‰¡,â °“√∑”„À·â Àâß* duck, comb 𰇪ì¥Àß å (π°„π °≈ÿ Sarki-

drying, high frequency °“√∑”‰¡â„Àâ·Àâß diornis melanotos)

¥â«¬§≈Ë◊𧫓¡∂Ë’ Ÿß (¥Ÿ heating, high duck, wood (white-winged) 𰇪¥ì °“à (π°

frequency) „π °≈ÿ Cairina scutulata)

drying, pole °“√ºË÷߉¡â·∫∫æ“¥√“«* duck weed ®Õ°·Àπ («™— æ™◊ π”È „π °≈ÿ Lemna

drying fingers ‰¡â§Ë—π™π—È * minor, L.)

dry(ing) kiln ‡µ“Õ∫* duct ∑Õà *

drying oil πÈ”¡—π´°— ·Àâß duct, traumatic ∑Õà ‡°¥‘ ®“°·º≈*

drying schedule µ“√“ßÕ∫*(‰¡â) (S. kiln duff 1. æ◊™Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «µ— ∂ÿ‡√Ë‘¡ºÿ 2. ™È—πæ™◊ ºÿ

schedule) duff hygrometer (fire) ¡“µ√«—¥§«“¡™È◊π

drying stress §«“¡‡§âπ®“°°“√·Àâß* ¢Õßæ™◊ ºÿ

drying tower ÀÕ∑”·Àâß duffûs sword fern ‡ø√î πå ‡°≈¥Á ÀÕ¬, ‡ø√î åπ„∫

drying yard ≈“πº÷Ë߉¡â* §Ÿà (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Nephrolepis duffii,

dry mill ‚√߇≈Ë◊Õ¬‰¡à¡∫’ àÕ´ßÿ * (¥Ÿ mill) Morre)

dry-mix glue °“«º ¡·Àâß* (¥Ÿ glue) dumb cane  “«πâÕ¬ª√–·ªßÑ , «à“π‡¢’¬«À¡πË◊

dry-packing °“√æ—π·Àâß, ·∫∫æ—πºâ“* (¥Ÿ ªï (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Dieffenbachia spp.)

injection, tree) dummy Ààπÿ , µ«— ≈Õà

dry rot °“√ºÿ·Àâß* (¥Ÿ rot) dune ‡ππ‘ *, ‡ππ‘ ∑√“¬,  π— ∑√“¬

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 98

A dung ¡≈Ÿ  µ— «å Dutchman ‰¡Àâ ππÿ *

B dunnage 1. ‰¡â√Õß 2. ªï°‰¡â·≈–‡»…‰¡â, ‡»… Dutchman, flying √Õ°À≈—°*

C ‰¡‡â ≈ÕË◊ ¬* 3. ‰¡â§ÿ≥¿“æµË”* (S. nefuse) Dutch oven ‡µ“‡º“¢’ȇ≈◊ÕË ¬*
D duodenum ≈”‰ â‡≈Á° à«πµπâ
E D-value : decimal reduction time §“à ¥’ (‡ªπì

F duplication ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑Ë’¡ ’ «à π„¥ «à πÀπËß÷ ´”È °√“ø· ¥ß§à“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇«≈“

G °π— ∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡µ«— ÀπË÷ß (æ∏.) ∑Ë’„™â¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ°—∫®”π«π®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà√Õ¥„π

H durability §«“¡∑π∑“π* °√–∫«π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„πÕ“À“√)

I duramen ·°πà *(‰¡)â (S. heartwood) dwarfism  ¿“«–‡µ¬’È ·§√–, §«“¡·§√–, Õ“°“√

J duripan ™Èπ— ¥“π·¢Áß ·§√–·°√πÁ

K dusky ( ’)À¡πà (ª∞.) dwell time ™à«ß‡«≈“Õ∫ (‰¡â∫“ß)
dyke æπ—ß, §π— , ‡¢Ë◊Õπ,  “¬Àπ‘
L dust 1. ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß, ‚√¬ΩÉÿπ 2.  “√°”®—¥ dynamic æ≈«µ— , ¿“«–‰¡àÀ¬¥ÿ πË‘ß (A. static)
M dynamic equilibrium  ¡¥ÿ≈æ≈«µ— ,  ¿“æ
N ·¡≈ßÀ√◊Õ«™— æ◊™™π¥‘ ΩÉπÿ À√◊Õºß
 ¡¥≈ÿ ∑ˇ’ ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈߉ª¡“‰¥â
O dust control agent  “√§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥ΩÉÿπ
P („πªÿܬ),  “√∑’˙૬º‘«‡¡Á¥ªÿܬ‰¡à„Àâ°≈—∫

Q ¡“øßÑÿ Õ’°‡¡Ë◊Õ¡’°“√‡§≈ÕË◊ π¬â“¬ª¬Üÿ dynamic pressure §«“¡°¥¥π— ·∫∫‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑’Ë

R duster Õÿª°√≥åæàπ “√‡§¡’°”®—¥·¡≈ßÀ√◊Õ dynamics æ≈»“ µ√å

S «—™æ◊™™π‘¥ΩÿÉπÀ√◊Õºß (ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ dysentery ‚√§∫¥‘ , ‚√§Õ®ÿ ®“√–√à«ß
dystocia °“√§≈Õ¥¬“° (‡πË◊Õß®“°™àÕ߇™‘ß
T ‡§√◊ÕË ß‡ªÉ“≈¡ ∑àÕ ·≈–À«— ©’¥)
°√“π·§∫À√◊Õ≈°Ÿ ‚µ‡°π‘ ‰ª)
U dustiness °“√¡’ΩÿÉπøÑÿß dystrophy °“√‡ ÕË◊ ¡, °“√º¥‘ √ªŸ , °“√‰¡∑à ”ß“π
V
W dusty ‡µ¡Á ‰ª¥«â ¬ΩπÿÉ ≈–ÕÕß

X

Y

ZE

e- : ex- „™â‡ªìπ§”Õÿª √√§ · ¥ß∂÷ß°“√¢“¥ early wood ‡πÕÈ◊ ‰¡âµâπƒ¥*Ÿ (Ωπ) (S. spring
À“¬‰ª ‡™πà estipule ·ª≈«à“ ‰¡¡à ’À„Ÿ ∫ wood)

eagle wood ‰¡Àâ Õ¡, °ƒ…≥“ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ earth ´Ë÷߇°¬Ë’ «°∫— ¥π‘ , µàÕ«ß®√„À°â √–· ‰øø“Ñ
Aquilaria agallocha, Roxb.) ≈ߥπ‘

ear Ω°í (‡™πà Ωí°¢â“«‚æ¥) earth, brown ¥π‘  ’πÈ”µ“≈
earboned °√–¥°Ÿ ÀŸ earth, tropical red ¥π‘ ·¥ß
ear lobe µÿâ¡(À)Ÿ earth dam ‡¢◊ËÕπ¥‘π
early variety æ—π∏åÿ‡∫“ earth flow ¥‘π‰∂≈, ¥‘π‡§≈◊ËÕπ, °“√‰À≈

¢Õߥ‘π

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

99

earth lining °“√©“∫º‘«¥â«¬¥π‘ edaphic factor ªí®®¬— ‡°’ˬ«°∫— ¥π‘ A
B
earth up æπŸ ¥π‘ , æ≈‘°¥‘π¢È÷π¡“°≈∫(æ™◊ ) edaphological approach ·π«∑“ߪ∞æ«’ ‘∑¬“ C
D
earwig ·¡≈ßÀπ∫’ ¥“â π„™âª√–‚¬™πå∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ E
F
eased edge ‡À≈’ˬ¡¡π* edaphology ª∞æ’«‘∑¬“ —¡æ—π∏å (·¢πß«‘™“ G
easement  ‘∑∏√‘ «à ¡„™â Àπ÷Ëß„π “¢“ª∞æ’«‘∑¬“ °≈à“«∂÷ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈ H
east Indian walnut ®“¡®ÿ√’ (µâπ‰¡â„π °ÿ≈ ¢Õߥ‘π∑’Ë¡’µàÕæ◊™ À√◊Õ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å I
√–À«à“ßæ◊™°—∫¥‘π) J
Albizzia lebbek, Benth. ·≈– Samanea K
saman, Merr.) edema °“√∫«¡π”È „µºâ ‘«Àπ—ß L
ebony µ–‚° (µπâ ‰¡â„π °≈ÿ Diospyros horse- edge 1. Àπâ“·§∫ 2. °“√°Õ߉¡·â ∫∫¢Õ∫µß—È M
fieldii, Hiern.) N
ebracteate ‰¡¡à ’°≈∫’ ‡≈¬È’ ß (bract) 3. ¥“â πÀπ“* O
eccentric ‰¡¡à »’ πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß√«à ¡°π— ,‡¬Õ◊È ß»πŸ ¬°å ≈“ß edge, to ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬‡ª¥î ¢“â ß P
eccentric load(ing) π”È Àπ—°πÕ°·π«·°π* edge, eased °“√≈∫‡À≈¬’Ë ¡, ‡À≈¬’Ë ¡¡π* Q
[¥Ÿ load(ing)] edge(d), feather °√–¥“π¢â“ß Õ∫, Àπ“â ≈“¥ R
eccentric unit °≈‰°∑’Ë„™â∂à“¬∑Õ¥°“√À¡ÿπ S
„À‡â ªìπ°“√‡§≈ÕË◊ π∑¢Ë’ πÈ÷ -≈ß ≈—∫°—π (°√–¥“π) T
echinate Àπ“¡∑¡Ë’ ¢’ 𓥄À≠·à ≈–·¢ßÁ , ¡À’ π“¡ edge-bend ‚§âߥâ“π¢â“ß, ‚°àß* (S. crook, U
Õ¬Ÿ‚à ¥¬√Õ∫ V
eciliate ‰¡¡à ’¢π spring) W
ecology 𑇫»«‘∑¬“ («‘™“∑’Ë«à“¥â«¬§«“¡ edge-grain : e.g. 1. ¥â“π√»— ¡*’ (S. radial X
 ¡— æπ— ∏√å –À«“à ß ßË‘ ∑¡Ë’ ™’ «’ µ‘ °∫—  ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡) Y
economic diameter limit ¢’¥®”°—¥‡ âπºà“ section) 2. ∑’ˇ≈Ë◊Õ¬µ“¡√—»¡’* (¥Ÿ Z
»πŸ ¬°å ≈“߇™ß‘ ‡»√…∞°‘®* quarter-sawn)
economic girth limit ¢¥’ ®”°¥— ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫ edge joint √Õ¬µÕà ¢â“ß* (¥Ÿ joint)
‡™ß‘ ‡»√…∞°‘®* edge-mark µ√“√ªŸ µ«— «’, µ√“¥â“πÀπ“¥*’
ecosphere 𑇫»¡≥±≈ edge-sawn ‡≈◊ÕË ¬µ“¡‡ âπ√»— ¡’*
ecosystem √–∫∫𑇫» edge sorter ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß§—¥§«“¡Àπ“‰¡â*
ecotype 1. °≈ÿà¡æ◊™Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π·≈–Õ“»—¬ edge stack °Õ߉¡â·∫∫¢Õ∫µßÈ— * (¥Ÿ stack)
Õ¬àŸ∑Ë’‡¥’¬«°—π 2. æ—π∏åÿ∑Ë’‰¥âª√—∫µ—«„À⇢ⓠedger ‡≈ÕË◊ ¬·µàߢÕ∫*, ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬·µàߢÕ∫‰¡∫â “ß*
°∫—  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ edging 1. ‰¡â§‘È«·ª≈ß 2. ‡»…¢Õ∫‰¡â*
(S. rand)
edging grinder ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß ∫— (‰¡)â À¬“∫* (S. hog,
hogger)

ectoplast ¢Õ∫πÕ°¢Õß‚ª√‚µæ≈“ ´Ë—¡ edible amaranch º—°‚¢¡®’π (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈

edaphic ‡°Ë¬’ «°∫— ¥‘π Amaranthus tricolor, L.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 100

A edible stage √–¬–°”≈—ß√—∫ª√–∑“π, √–¬– egg breed æ—π∏åÿ‰¢à
egg plant ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ¬“« (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Solanum
B ¢Õߺ≈‰¡â∑Ë’‡°Á∫®“°µâπ¡“·≈â«¡’°“√
melongena, L.)
C À“¬„®¡“°∑ ’Ë ¥ÿ ¿“¬„πº≈®–¡π’ È”µ“≈¡“° egg woman ≈°Ÿ „µâ„∫ («—™æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π °ÿ≈
D
E eel ª≈“‰À≈ Phyllanthus niruri, L.)
ejaculate À≈—ËßπÈ”°“¡, ¢∫— À≈—ËßπȔՠ®ÿ ‘
F eel, snake ª≈“‰À≈∑–‡≈ elastic after-effect  à«π∑’§Ë ◊𵫗
G eel, spiny ª≈“°√–∑ß‘ , ª≈“À≈¥ elasticity §«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ*,  ¿“æ¬◊¥À¬πÿà
elastic limit ¢’¥§◊πµ—«, ¢’¥®”°¥— ¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ*
H eel-trap Õ®’ Ÿâ elastic strain §«“¡‡§√’¬¥„π¢’¥§◊πµ—«,

I effect, additive ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ√«¡°π— §«“¡‡§√¬’ ¥¬¥◊ À¬àπÿ *
elastomer  “√¬◊¥À¬ÿπà
J effective ª√– ∑‘ ∏‘º≈, ¡’º≈ elastrator ¬“ß√—¥, ¬“ß¡—¥¢—È«Õ—≥±–„π°“√

K effective deposit Õ—µ√“°“√°√–®“¬¢Õß “√ µÕπ —µ«å
L elater  “¬∑ ’Ë ªÕ√凰“–µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà
M ‡§¡’∑’ËæàπÕÕ°®“°À—«©’¥∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà„°≈â°—π electrical conductivity §«“¡π”‰øø“Ñ ,  ¿“æ

N («—¥®“°®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ßÀ—«©’¥Àπ÷Ë߉ª¬—ßÕ’° °“√π”‰øøÑ“
O À«— ©’¥ÀπßË÷ ) electric capacity moisture meter ¡“µ√§«“¡-

P effective temperature Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈, ™◊πÈ ·∫∫§«“¡®‰ÿ øøÑ“*
electric resistance moisture meter ¡“µ√§«“¡-
Q Õ≥ÿ À¿¡Ÿ ∑‘ ‡Ë’ À¡“– ¡„π°“√‡°¥‘ °√–∫«π°“√,
™πÈ◊ ·∫∫§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øø“Ñ *
R Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’˧«“¡√âÕπ·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å electrode ¢—«È ‰øøÑ“*
electron acceptor µ«— √∫— Õ‘‡≈Á§µ√Õπ
S ¢ÕßÕ“°“»‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ ¿“槫“¡‡ªìπ
T
U լ࢟ ÕߧπÀ√◊Õ —µ«å

V effective diameter ‡ âπº“à »Ÿπ¬°å ≈“ß ¡¡≈Ÿ ¬å
W effective rainfall Ωπ„™â°“√‰¥â

X effervescent æ≈ßàÿ ‡ªìπøÕß

Y efficiency ª√– ∑‘ ∏‘¿“æ

Z efficiency, threshing ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ°“√π«¥

efficiency, tractive ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ„π°“√©¥ÿ ≈“° electron doner µ«— „ÀÕâ ‘‡≈Á§µ√Õπ

efficiency, transplanting ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π electronegative charge ª√–®ÿ≈∫

°“√ª≈Ÿ°°≈“â electroporation °“√„™°â √–· ‰øø“Ñ °√–µπâÿ „Àâ

efflorescent ‡ ’¬πÈ”º≈÷° ‰´‚µæ≈“ ´—Ë¡¢Õ߇´≈≈墬—∫ ∑”„À⇬Ë◊Õ

effluent π”È ∑ßÈ‘ * Àÿ⡇´≈≈凰‘¥√Õ¬√—Ë«‡ªìπ™àÕß  àߺ≈„Àâ

effusiometer ¡“µ√°“√·æ√ຓà π DNA ®“°¿“¬πÕ°‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬„π‡´≈≈剥â

effusion °“√·æ√ºà à“π ¥¢’ ÷Èπ

effusive igneous rock À‘πÕ—§πæ’ ÿ element 1. ∏“µÿ 2. æ◊™À√◊Õ —µ«å∑Ë’‡ªìπ à«π

egg øÕ߉¢à, ‡™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»‡¡’¬ ª√–°Õ∫„π community 3. ‡´≈≈*å («π.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√

101

elements, axial ‡´≈≈å·π«µÈ—ß* ™–≈â“ß A
B
elements, congeneric ‡´≈≈·å ∫∫‡¥’¬«°π— * eluviation °“√™–≈â“ß„π¥π‘ , °“√´÷¡™–, °“√ C
D
elements, storied ‡´≈≈å‡√¬’ ß™—πÈ , ‡´≈≈凪πì ·¬°·≈–¬â“¬∑Ë’¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ‚¥¬°“√„™âπÈ”¬“ E
F
™È—π* À√◊Õ‚¥¬·√ß∂à«ß, °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ G
H
elements, tracheary ‡´≈≈å≈”‡≈’¬ß* ®“°·ÀàßÀπË÷߉ª¬—ßÕ’°·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß¿“¬„π¥‘π I
J
elements, vertical ‡´≈≈·å π«µß—È * „π√Ÿª “√≈–≈“¬À√Õ◊  “√·¢«π≈Õ¬ K
L
elephant ™“â ß, ™“â ߪɓ ( —µ«å„π °ÿ≈ Elephas emaciate ´∫Ÿ ºÕ¡≈ß M
N
maximus) emaciation Õ“°“√´∫Ÿ ºÕ¡, Õ“°“√´Ÿ∫´¥’ O
P
elephant apple ¡–¢«¥‘ (¥Ÿ wood apple) emaginate ‡ªπì √Õ¬∫“°µ√ߪ≈“¬, ‡«“â , ¡ ’ «à π Q
R
elephantiac ºŸ‡â ªπì ‚√§‡∑“â ™â“ß ª≈“¬‡«â“‡¢“â ‡≈°Á πÕâ ¬ S
T
elevate ¬°√–¥—∫„π·π«¥ßË‘ emasculation °“√∑”À¡π— , °“√µÕ𵫗 º,Ÿâ °“√ U
V
elevation §à“√–¥∫— æÈ◊π∑’Ë ¥÷߇Փ‡° √µ—«ºâŸÕÕ°°àÕπ∑’Ë≈–ÕÕ߇° √ W
X
elevation, angle of ¡¡ÿ ‡ß¬, ¡ÿ¡¬°¢÷Èπ ®–·°à À√◊Õ∑”„À⇰ √µ—«ºâŸµ“¬°àÕπ∑’Ë®– Y
Z
elevator, bucket °–æÕâ ≈”‡≈¬’ ß ∂÷߇«≈“º ¡ ‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√º ¡µ—«

elevator, grain Õÿª°√≥å≈”‡≈’¬ß‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™„π ‡Õß

·π«¥‘ßË embedded Ωßí

elevator, timber ‡§√Ë◊Õ߬°‰¡*â emblic myrobalan ¡–¢“¡ªÕÑ ¡ (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ

elevator conveyor Õªÿ °√≥≈å ”‡≈’¬ß„π·π«¥Ë‘ß Phyllanthus emblica, L.)

elite tree µπâ ‰¡¥â ’‡¥πà , µπâ ‰¡â™—πÈ ‡¬’ˬ¡ embryo §—æ¿–, ≈°Ÿ ÕàÕπ, µ—«ÕÕà π, µπâ ÕàÕπ∑’Ë

ellipsoid √ªŸ ∑√ß√’ ΩíßÕ¬àŸ„π‡¡≈Á¥ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¬Õ¥ (plu-

ellipsoid particle Õπ¿ÿ “§∑√ß√’* mule) ·≈–√“° (radicle)

elliptic ‡ªìπ√ªŸ √’ embryology §æ— ¿–«‘∑¬“

ellitical √·’ ≈–°≈¡µ√ߪ≈“¬ embryony, adventitious °“√∑’ˇ´≈≈å„π

eliminate °”®¥— nucellus ·≈– integument ‡®√‘≠¢È÷π

elimination reaction ªØ‘°‘√¬‘ “°“√°”®—¥ ‡ªìπµâπÕàÕπ„π‡¡≈Á¥ ‚¥¬‰¡àºà“π√–¬–

elong, to ∑”„À⬓«ÕÕ°  √â“߇´≈≈ å ∫◊ æ—π∏åÿ (gametophyte)

elongate, to ¬◊¥¬“«ÕÕ° embryo sac ∂ÿ߉¢à (‡´≈≈å ∫◊ æ—π∏ÿå¢Õ߇滇¡’¬

elongation °“√¬◊¥¬“«ÕÕ° ‚¥¬ª√°µ‘®–¡’ 8 𑫇§≈’¬  ¡’‰¢à´Ë÷ß®–

eluant µ«— ™– ‡®√≠‘ ‡ªìπµπâ ÕàÕπ‡¡Ë◊Õ‰¥â√—∫°“√º ¡æ—π∏å)ÿ

eluting power Õ”π“®°“√™– embryotega  «à πÀâÿ¡‡¡≈Á¥´Ë÷ß¡≈’ °— …≥–§≈“â ¬

elution °“√™– ∂⫬ æ∫„πæ◊™µ√–°Ÿ≈ Commelinaceae,

eluvial horizon ™È—π´÷¡™–, ™Èπ— ™–≈“â ß, ™Èπ— ¥‘π Flagellariaceae ·≈– Mayacaceae

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 102

A emerald ripples ¥Õ°æ√‘° (‰¡ªâ √–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ endive º°— °“¥ΩÕ¬ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Cichorium
endivia, L.)
B Peperomia capreata)
end joint √Õ¬µÕà ª≈“¬*, √Õ¬µÕà ¢“â ß (¥Ÿ joint)
C e.m.c. : equilibrium moisture content end matched µàÕª≈“¬
D end matching °“√‡√’¬ßÀπâ“·∫∫µàÕª≈“¬*,
E ª√¡‘ “≥§«“¡™È◊π ¡¥ÿ≈*
°“√‡¢“â ‰¡â·∫∫µÕà ª≈“¬* (¥Ÿ matching)
F emergence °“√‚º≈à¢÷πÈ ¡“¢Õßµπâ æ◊™ endocarp ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™È—π„π
G emergence hole √ŸÕÕ°* endocrine ‰√∑â àÕ, µÕà ¡‰√∑â Õà , µàÕ¡ŒÕ√‚å ¡π
endocrinic ¥Ÿ endocrine
H emergent µâπ‰¡¬â Õ¥‡¥àπ endocrinology ŒÕ√å‚¡π«‘∑¬“, «‘™“«à“¥â«¬

I empty-cell process °√√¡«∏‘ ·’ ∫∫‰¡‡à µ¡Á ‡´≈≈,å ŒÕ√‚å ¡π
endocrinous ¥Ÿ endocrine
J °√√¡«‘∏’‡´≈≈å«à“ß* (¥Ÿ preservation, endodermis ™È—π‡´≈≈å·∂«‡¥’¬«¡’ºπ—߇´≈≈å

K wood) ¥“â ππÕ°Àπ“ ‡°¥‘ ≈Õâ ¡√Õ∫ vascular tis-
L sue, ‡´≈≈™å π—È „π ÿ¥¢Õß cortex
M emulsifier  “√‡§¡’∑’˙૬„Àâ¢Õ߇À≈« Õß endodermoid §≈“â ¬ endodermis
endogenous ‡®√≠‘ ®“°¢“â ß„π ‡™à𠧫“¡Àπ“
N ™π‘¥´÷Ëߪ√°µ‘‰¡àº ¡°—π √«¡µ—«‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ ¢Õß≈”µâπ, ‡°¥‘ ¿“¬„πµ—«Õ◊πË
O ‡¥¬’ «°π— endosmosis ´÷¡ºà“π‡¢â“
endosperm 1. ‡πÕ◊È ‡¬Õ◊Ë ∑¡Ë’ ‚’ §√‚¡‚´¡Õ¬àŸ 3 ™¥ÿ
P emulsion  “√·¢«π≈Õ¬, °“√·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õß (3n) ‰¥¡â “®“°°“√º ¡√–À«à“߇™Õ◊È ºâŸ·≈–
polar nuclei ¿“¬„π∂ßÿ ‰¢à 2. Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’
Q Õπÿ¿“§¢ÕßÊ ‡À≈« „π¢Õ߇À≈« Õ¬àŸ„π‡¡≈¥Á ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬·ªßÑ ‰¢¡π— ·≈–

R enamel ‡§≈◊Õ∫, ≈߬“

S enation  à«π∑’‡Ë ®√‘≠¡“®“°‡´≈≈ºå «‘
T
U encapsulate À¡ÿ⠥⫬ª≈Õ°

V encircling gill net Õ«π≈âÕ¡µ¥‘
W enclave ∑°Ë’ π— ÕÕ°®“°ª“É  ß«π, ∑’Ë·∑√°, ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°

X ≈Õâ ¡‰«â

Y enclosed knot µ“´àÕπ„π* (¥Ÿ knot)

Z endarch °“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß∑àÕπÈ” (xylem) ‡¢â“ Ÿà

®ÿ¥»πŸ ¬å°≈“ߢÕß≈”µπâ À√Õ◊ √“° ‚ª√µπ’

end butt µ¥— ª≈“¬* (¥Ÿ trim) endotoxin  “√æ‘…∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å¢Õß®ÿ≈π‘ -

end check √Õ¬ª√∑‘ ªË’ ≈“¬* (¥Ÿ check) ∑√¬’ å

end coating °“√∑“À«— ‰¡â* end pile °“√°Õ߉¡·â ∫∫ª≈“¬µÈß— *

endemic ‡©æ“–∂Ëπ‘ , æ◊πÈ ‡¡◊Õ߇©æ“–∂‘πË , ‡ªìπ end pressure ·√ßÕ¥— ª≈“¬*, ·√ß∫’∫À—«∑⓬

¢ÕßæÈ◊π‡¡◊Õß, Õ¬àŸ„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’À√◊Õ‡¢µ®”°—¥ end racking °“√°Õ߉¡·â ∫∫ª≈“¬µÈß—

‡©æ“–·Ààß end racking stack °Õ߉¡â·∫∫¢Õ∫æ‘ß*

end grain ¥“â πµ¥— ‡ ¬’È π* (¥Ÿ stack)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

103

end stack(ing) 1. °Õ߉¡·â ∫∫Àπ“â æß‘ * 2. °Õß entrapment °“√®∫— , °“√¬÷¥ A
B
‰¡·â ∫∫¢π“π‡µ“* (¥Ÿ stack) enucleate ¢“¥π‘«‡§≈’¬  C
D
end stop ∑¬’Ë ÷¥ª≈“¬* („π°“√¥—¥‰¡â) enumeration °“√ ”√«®π—∫‰¡â E
F
end wall ºπß— ‡´≈≈Àå «— ∑“â ¬* environment  Ëß‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ G
H
ends ‡»…ª≈“¬‰¡*â (¥Ÿ trim) environmental resistance °“√®”°—¥®”π«π I
endy (veneer) ‰¡∫â “ßΩ“π‡©≈¬’ ß* (¥Ÿ veneer) ‚¥¬ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ J
energy period √–¬–‡«≈“ßÕ°¥’ K
eng æ≈«ß (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Dipterocarpus enzyme πÈ”¬àÕ¬,  “√™à«¬¬àÕ¬,  “√´÷Ëß∂Ÿ° L
 √â“ߢÈ÷π„π‡´≈≈å∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µ ‡¡Ë◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ—µ√“ M
tuberculatus, Roxb.) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµ”Ë Ê ®–‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡§¡’ ·µà N
engage µÕà ‡¢“⠥⫬°π— µ—«‡Õ߉¡∂à Ÿ°„™â„ÀÀâ ¡¥‰ª O
engagement, drive °“√∑”„Àâ√–∫∫∂“à ¬∑Õ¥ P
enzyme, restriction ‡ÕπÁ ‰´¡´å ÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑˵’ —¥ Q
°”≈—ß∑Ë’·¬°®“°°—𵥑 µàÕ°π— DNA ∑’˵”·Àπßà ‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß R
engenics æ—π∏»ÿ “ µ√å∑˪’ √–¬°ÿ µ°å —∫¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘ S
engraver beetle ¡Õ¥‡®“–º‘«‰¡*â eolian deposit : aeolian deposit  ‘ßË ∑∫— ∂¡ T
enhance  ßà ‡ √‘¡, ‡æ¡Ë‘ ≈¡æ“ U
enhancer  “√‡§¡’´Ëß÷ ‰¡à¡°’ ≈‘πË ·≈–√  ·µà‡¡◊ÕË V
ephedroid perforation plate ·ºπà ™àÕß∑–≈ÿ W
‡µ‘¡≈߉ª„πÕ“À“√·≈⫙૬‡æ‘Ë¡°≈Ë‘π·≈– ª≈“¬‡´≈≈√å ªŸ Ω°í ∫«— (¥Ÿ perforation plate) X
√ ¢ÕßÕ“À“√ Y
enhydra º°— ∫ßâÿ ª≈ß‘ («™— æ™◊ π”È „π °≈ÿ Enhydra ephemeral Õ¬àŸ‰¥â‡æ¬’ ß«π— ‡¥¬’ « Z
fluctuans, Lour.) epi- ∫π, ‡Àπ◊Õ
ensiform ¡’√Ÿª§≈⓬¥“∫ epibiotic æ◊™ (´÷Ëß Ÿ≠æ—π∏ÿ剪·≈â«) ∑Ë’¬—ßÀ≈ß
ensilage  à«π¢Õßæ™◊ ∑ÀË’ ¡—°‰«â„π∑´Ë’ Ëß÷ ª¥î Õ¬“à ß
¡‘¥™¥‘ ‡æËÕ◊ ∑”‡ªπì Õ“À“√ µ— «å ‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸ
ensile ∑”„À⇪ìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å (silage) epicalyx √È‘«ª√–¥—∫, °≈’∫‡≈’È¬ß (bract) ∑Ë’¡’
ensiling °“√À¡—°À≠“â ‡æË◊Õ∑”‡ªπì Õ“À“√ µ— «å
enteritis ‚√§≈”‰ Õâ —°‡ ∫ ≈°— …≥–§≈“â ¬°≈’∫√Õß (sepal) ª√°µÕ‘ ¬àŸ
enterotoxemia ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘… „µ«â ß°≈’∫√Õß (calyx)
enterotoxin  “√æ…‘ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑≈’Ë ”‰ â epicarp ‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈™π—È πÕ°
entire ‡√¬’ ∫, ¡’¢Õ∫‡√¬’ ∫ epicormic branch °ß‘Ë æ‡‘ »…, °Ëß‘ º¥‘ ∑’Ë
entomophilous º ¡æπ— ∏åÿ‚¥¬Õ“»¬— ·¡≈ß epicotyl µπâ ÕÕà πÀ√Õ◊  «à π¢Õßæ™◊ ∑ÕË’ ¬‡Ÿà ÀπÕ◊ „∫
entrails ‰ æâ ÿß, ‡§√Ë◊Õß„π ‡≈¬’È ß,  à«π‡Àπ◊Õ„∫‡≈’¬È ß
entrap ®—∫, ¬÷¥, ¥°— ®—∫ epidemic °“√√–∫“¥ (‚¥¬ª√°µ‘„™â°—∫‚√§∑’Ë
‡°‘¥·°à§π ·µà„™â°—∫‚√§æ◊™°Á‰¥â °“√
√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§æ◊™¡’™Ë◊Õ‡©æ“–Õ’°Õ¬à“ß
ÀπË÷ß«à“ epiphytotic)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 104

A epidermis ‡´≈≈庫‘ , º«‘ ™—ÈππÕ°, ‡¬◊ËÕ™—ÈππÕ° equestrain star «à“π ’Ë∑‘» (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈
Hippeastrum johnsonii, Bury)
B ¢Õ߇´≈≈,å Àπ—ß°”æ√â“
equilibrium moisture content ª√‘¡“≥
C epididymis À≈Õ¥‡°∫Á µ«— Õ ÿ®‘ §«“¡ ¡¥≈ÿ * (¥Ÿ moisture content)
D
E epiglottis Ω“ªî¥°≈àÕ߇ ’¬ß equip ª√–°Õ∫‡¢“â °∫—
equipotential line ‡ âπ»°— ¬å‡ ¡Õ [‡ âπ´Ë÷ß„™â
F epigyny ¥Õ°∑’Ë¡’ à«πµà“ßÊ ¢Õߥհ‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ
G ∫π√—߉¢à [√—߉¢à¢Õߥհ·∫∫π’È®¥— ‡ªπì ·∫∫ · ¥ß§“à »°— ¬™å ≈»“ µ√å (hydraulic poten-
tial) „πÀπ“â µ—¥¥π‘ ]
H inferior º≈∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°√—߉¢à·∫∫π’ȇ√’¬°«à“ equitant °“√®—¥‡√’¬ß¢Õß„∫∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–´âÕπ
∑—∫°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ°“∫„∫Õ—π∑’Ë 2 ®–Õ¬àŸ„µâ
I º≈‡∑’¬¡ (false fruit)] °“∫„∫Õπ— ∑Ë’ 1 ·≈–°“∫„∫Õπ— ∑Ë’ 3 ®–Õ¬àŸ
„π°“∫„∫Õπ— ∑’Ë 2 ‡¢“â ‰ª‡√ÕË◊ ¬Ê
J epinasty Õ“°“√∑Ë’°“√‡®√‘≠∑“߬ե¢Õßæ◊™ equivalence ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π,  Ë‘ß∑’Ë¡’§à“‡∑à“°—π,
®”π«π‡∑à“°—π
K ™–ß—° ‡πËÕ◊ ß®“°∂Ÿ° “√∫“ßÕ¬“à ß ‡™πà °“´ equivalent  ¡¡≈Ÿ ¬å
L eradicate °”®—¥, ∑”≈“¬, §«∫§ÿ¡
M ‡Õ∑∏’≈’π eradication °“√°”®—¥∑”≈“¬ (‚√§,  ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈)
erect µÈß— µ√ß
N epipedon ™Èπ— ¥π‘ Àπâ“, ™—πÈ ¥‘π∫π,  «à π∫π¢Õß erect spiderling À≠“â Àπ«¥·¡« («—™æ◊™‡¢µ
O ™—Èπ¥‘π∑’Ë¡’ ’§≈”È ‡æ√“–Õ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° √âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Boerhaavia erecta, L.)
ergastic substance  “√∑æ’Ë ∫„π protoplast
P ™–≈â“ß À√◊Õ à«π¢Õߥ‘π™—Èπ B ∑Ë’¡’ ’§≈È” (‡™πà º≈°÷ ‡¡¥Á ·ªßÑ , ‡¡¥Á ‚ª√µπ’ , vaccuoles
‡ªìπµπâ )
Q ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°Õ‘π∑√¬’ «—µ∂ÿ

R epipetalous ∫π°≈∫’ ¥Õ°

S epipetalous stamen ‡° √µ—«ºâŸ‡°‘¥Õ¬àŸ∫π
T
U °≈’∫¥Õ°

V epiphyte æ◊™Õ“»—¬, æ™◊ ∑ÕË’ ¬∫àŸ πæ™◊ À√Õ◊  Ë‘ßÕπ◊Ë
W ‚¥¬‰¡à‡∫’¬¥‡∫¬’ πæ◊™À√Õ◊  ßË‘ ∑¡Ë’ —π‡°“–Õ¬àŸ

X epiphytism ¿“«–Õß‘ Õ“»¬— (æƒ.)

Y epiphytotic °“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§æ™◊

Z episepalous ∫π°≈∫’ √Õß

epistasis ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“߬’π (gene) ∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ erode °—¥°√Õà π, æ—ß∑≈“¬

§π≈–µ”·Àπàß (locus) (§«“¡À¡“¬ erodibility  ¿“æ°√àÕπ‰¥â, §«“¡∑π∑“πµàÕ

¥ß—È ‡¥‘¡À¡“¬∂ß÷ °“√¢¡à ¢“â ¡µ”·Àπàß °≈à“« °“√°—¥°√Õà π

§◊Õ dominant gene Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß “¡“√∂¢à¡ erose ¢Õ∫∑Ë’∂°Ÿ °—¥‡´“–®π‡«“â ·À«àß

dominant gene Õ’°™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿàµà“ß erosion °…¬— °“√, °“√°—¥°√àÕπ, °“√°—¥‡´“–,

locus ‰¡à„Àâ· ¥ßÕÕ° ·µà„πªí®®∫ÿ —π ‚¥¬ °“√æ—ß∑≈“¬ (¢Õߺ‘«¥‘πÀ√◊Õ°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬

∑Ë—«‰ª®–À¡“¬∂÷ߪؑ°‘√‘¬“µà“ßÊ √–À«à“ß ‡π◊ÕÈ ¥‘π‚¥¬°√–· π”È ≈¡ À√Õ◊ æ“À–µ“¡

¬’π∫πµ”·Àπßà µ“à ßÊ) ∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√Õ◊ ‚¥¬¢∫«π°“√ÕËπ◊ Ê)

equalizing °“√ª√∫— §«“¡™◊Èπ„Àâ‡∑“à °π— * erosion, accumulated °…—¬°“√¢Õߥ‘π∑Ë’¡’

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√

105

µ—«‡√ßà , °“√°¥— °√àÕπÕ¬à“߇√àß√—¥ estivation : aestivation 1. °“√®”»’≈, √–¬– A
B
erosion, gully °“√°¥— °√Õà π‡ªìπ√àÕß≈÷° æ—°„πƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ (¢Õßæ◊™À√◊Õ·¡≈ß) C
D
erosion, rill °“√°¥— °√àÕπ‡ªπì √Õà ßµπÈ◊ 2. √–‡∫’¬∫°“√‡√’¬ßµ«— ¢Õß°≈∫’ ¥Õ°, °“√ E
F
erosion, sheet °“√°—¥°√Õà π‡ªìπº◊𠮥— ‡√¬’ ß°≈∫’ „π¥Õ°µŸ¡ (æƒ.) G
H
erosion, splash °“√°¥— °√Õà π‡ªìπÀ≈ÿ¡ estrogen ŒÕ√‚å ¡π‡æ»‡¡¬’ I
J
erosion index ¥™— π°’ “√°—¥°√àÕπ estrus °“√‡ªìπ ¥— (S. heat) K
L
erosion pavement ¥â“π∑Ë’‡À≈◊Õ®“°°“√ estuary ™–«“°∑–‡≈*, ª“°(·¡à)π”È M
N
°—¥°√Õà π estuary water π”È °√àÕ¬ O
P
erosion surface æπ◊È º«‘ ‡À≈Õ◊ ®“°°“√°¥— °√Õà π ethereal oil πÈ”¡π— √–‡À¬‡√«Á Q
R
erosive agent µ—«°“√°¥— °√Õà π ethiolate °“√∑”„À°â Ëß‘ ·≈–„∫æ◊™‰¡à‰¥â√—∫· ß S
T
erosivity »°— ¬¿“æ°“√°¥— °√àÕπ ethnography ™“µæ‘ —π∏«ÿå √√≥“ U
V
erysipelas ‚√§‰ø≈“¡∑ßÿà , ‚√§‰¢Àâ πß— ·¥ß„π °ÿ √ ethnology ™“µæ‘ π— ∏åÿ«‘∑¬“ W
X
erysipelas plant À≠â“ß«ß™“â ß («™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√âÕπ ethology 惵°‘ √√¡«∑‘ ¬“ Y
Z
„π °≈ÿ Heliotropium indicum, L.) etiolation Õ“°“√¢“¥· ß «à“ߢÕßæ◊™ ∑”„Àâ

erythrocyte ‡¡Á¥‡≈Õ◊ ¥·¥ß æ◊™¡’≈”µâπ¬◊¥ Ÿß „∫‡®√‘≠πâÕ¬ ·≈–¢“¥

escape æ◊™∫â“π„πªÉ“ §≈Õ‚√øî≈≈å

escarpment : scarp Àπ“â º“™π— *, º“™—π, º“ eugenics  ÿ™“µ»“ µ√å («‘™“æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡∑Ë’„™â

µß—È ª√–¬ÿ°µ°å —∫¡π…ÿ ¬™“µ‘)

esophagus À≈Õ¥Õ“À“√∑’˵àÕ®“°ª“°∂÷ß euheterosis °“√∑’Ë≈Ÿ°º ¡¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π

°√–‡æ“– °“√Õ¬√àŸ Õ¥‰¥¥â ’°«à“æÕà ·¡à

espacement √–¬–√–À«“à ßµπâ eumeristem ‡¡Õ√‘ ‡µÁ¡∑Ë’ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡´≈≈å

espalier fruit tree ‰¡âº≈∑’˪≈Ÿ°„Àâ¢È÷π§â“ß ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¡º’ πß— ‡´≈≈å∫“ß ‰´‚µæ≈“ ´—¡Ë

À√◊Õ‡°“–µ“¡ºπ—ßµ÷° ¢πâ ·≈–π«‘ ‡§≈’¬ ‚µ

espino ¡–¢“¡‡∑» [æ™◊ „π °≈ÿ Pithecolobium euploid  Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘µ´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡„π

lanceolatum, (H. & B.) Benth.] ‡´≈≈å√à“߇∑à“°—∫®”π«πº≈§Ÿ≥¢Õß®”π«π

essence  “√∑¡Ë’ °’ ≈Ëπ‘ ÀÕ¡ ™ÿ¥‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢Õß∫√√æ∫ÿ√…ÿ ‡™πà 1n, 2n,

essential element ∏“µÕÿ “À“√∑®Ë’ ”‡ªìπµàÕæ◊™ 3n, ... ‡ªπì µâπ

essential oil πÈ”¡π— ÀÕ¡√–‡À¬* eutrophic (∑—∫»—æ∑å),  ¿“æ∑Ë’¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ

establishment °“√µÈ—ßµ«— , °“√ ∂“ªπ“ ¢Õß∏“µÿÕ“À“√‡æ’¬ßæÕÀ√◊Õ‡°◊Õ∫‡æ’¬ß

esterification °“√√«¡°π— √–À«à“ß°√¥Õπ‘ ∑√’¬å æÕµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßæ◊™  —µ«å À√◊Õ

°∫— Õ—≈°ÕŒÕ≈≈‡å ªπì  “√‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å ®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√¬’ å

estipulate ‰¡à¡À’ „Ÿ ∫ eutrophication (∑—∫»—æ∑å), °√–∫«π°“√‡πà“

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 106

A ‡ ’¬¢Õß·À≈àßπ”È ‡πË◊Õß®“°¡’∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™ Exacum bicolor, Roxb.)
exalbuminous ‰¡à¡’ endosperm ·≈–
B Õ¬Ÿà„ππ”È ¡“° ∑”„Àâæ◊™À√◊Õ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
perisperm
C „ππ”È ‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‡¡Ë◊Õæ◊™ exanthema ¥Ÿ ammoniation
D exarch °“√‡®√≠‘ ¢Õß∑Õà πÈ” (xylem) ®“°¢â“ß
E À√◊Õ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åπÈ—πµ“¬≈ß∑”„ÀâπÈ”‡°‘¥°“√
πÕ°‡¢â“ àŸ»Ÿπ¬°å ≈“ߢÕß≈”µâπÀ√◊Õ√“°
F ‡π“à ‡ ’¬·≈–¢“¥ÕÕ°´‡‘ ®π excavator ‡§√ËÕ◊ ߢÿ¥À≈ÿ¡
G evaporated cooling ¥Ÿ vacuum cooling excelsior ΩÕ¬‰¡*â (S. wood wool)
excessive ¡“°‡°π‘ ‰ª, ¡“°‡°π‘ §«“¡®”‡ªπì
H evaporation °“√√–‡À¬ excessively drained √–∫“¬π”È ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª
excessive moisture §«“¡™◊Èπ‡°π‘ ®”‡ªìπ
I evaporative demand  Ë‘ß∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ exchange acidity °“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ∏“µÿ∑Ë’‡ªìπ

J °“√√–‡À¬πÈ” °√¥
exchangeable cation percentage ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå
K evaporimeter ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß«—¥°“√√–‡À¬
L ª√–®ÿ∫«° („π¥π‘ ) ∑ Ë’ “¡“√∂·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ
M evapotranspiration °“√§“¬√–‡À¬, °“√ ‰¥â
exchange capacity §«“¡®ÿ·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π
N °≈“¬‡ªπì ‰Õ¢Õßπ”È ®“°¥π‘ ·≈–æ™◊ excreta  ß‘Ë ∑∂’Ë °Ÿ ¢∫— ∂“à ¬ÕÕ°¡“®“°√“à ß°“¬ ‡™πà
O even-aged Õ“¬ÿ ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ ‡ÀßÕ◊Ë , ª í  “«–, Õ®ÿ ®“√– ‡ªπì µπâ
excrete ¢∫— ∂à“¬¢Õ߇ ¬’
P even grain ‡πÈÕ◊ ‡ ¡Õ°π— * (¥Ÿ texture) excretion °“√¢—∫∂à“¬, °“√°”®¥— ¢Õ߇ ’¬
excurrent  «à π∑¬Ë’ πË◊ ÕÕ°‰ª®“°¢Õ∫À√Õ◊ ª≈“¬
Q even-pinnate „∫√«¡∑Ë’‰¡à¡’„∫¬àÕ¬‡¥Ë’¬«µ√ß ‡™àπ À“ߢÕ߇¡≈Á¥æ™◊ æ«°À≠“â ∫“ß™π‘¥

R ª≈“¬

S even texture ‡πÕ◊È ‡ ¡Õ°π— * (¥Ÿ texture)
T
U everbearing ´÷Ëß„Àâº≈µ≈Õ¥ªï

V evergreen æπ— ∏åÿ‰¡∑â ¡Ë’ ’„∫‡¢¬’ «™Õ¡ÿà Õ¬µàŸ ≈Õ¥ª,ï
W æπ— ∏ÿ剡≡àº≈—¥„∫

X evergreen forest ªÉ“¥∫‘ , ªÉ“¥ß¥‘∫

Y everlasting ∫“π‰¡à√⟂√¬ (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈

Z Gomphrena globosa, L.)

eviscerate ‡Õ“‡§√Õ◊Ë ß„πÕÕ°, ™”·À≈– exert ÕÕ°·√ß°√–∑”µàÕ«—µ∂ÿ

evisceration °“√‡Õ“‡§√ÕË◊ ß„πÕÕ°, °“√™”·À≈– exfoliation °“√·¬°¢ÕßÀ‘π‡ªìπ°“∫*,

evolute ««‘ ≤— πå ¢∫«π°“√∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÀ‘π·µ°ÕÕ°‡ªπì ·ºπà Ê ,

evolution 1. «‘«—≤π“°“√, °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß °“√·µ°µ—«¢ÕßÀ‘π‡ªìπ°√–∫‘

(‡ºà“æ—π∏åÿ)∑’≈–πâÕ¬´Ë÷ßµâÕß„™â‡«≈“π“π exhaust 1. ∑Õà ‰Õ‡ ¬’ 2. ‰≈àÕ“°“», ¥Ÿ¥ÕÕ°

2. °“√∂Õ¥√“° (§.) À¡¥, ‰≈àÕÕ°À¡¥, ∑”„ÀÀâ ¡¥

ewe ·°–µ«— ‡¡¬’ exhauster ‡§√◊ËÕ߉≈Õà “°“»

exacting ¡§’ «“¡µâÕß°“√ Ÿß exhaustion °“√ Ÿ≠ ‘Èπ‰ª(´÷ËßÕ“À“√„π¥‘π)

exacum ©—µ√æ√–Õ‘π∑√å (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈ (ª∞.)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

107

exhaust pipe ∑àÕ‰Õ‡ ’¬ ≈¡ø“Ñ Õ“°“» A
B
exocarp ¥Ÿ epicarp expressivity √–¥—∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ° (æ◊™´Ë÷ß¡’ C
D
exocortis °“√∑Ë’‡ª≈Õ◊ °≈Õ°ÕÕ°‡ªπì ·∂∫Ê ≈—°…≥–∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‡À¡◊Õπ°—πÕ“® E
F
exodermis ™—πÈ ‡´≈≈å√Õ∫πÕ°¢Õß cortex „π · ¥ß≈—°…≥–∫“ßÕ¬à“ßÕÕ°¡“‰¥â‰¡à‡∑à“ G
H
√“°æ◊™∫“ß™π‘¥ ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬°—∫ °—π) I
J
endodermis exquay  àß∂÷ß∑à“ª≈“¬∑“ß,  ßà ∂ß÷ ∑à“Õπÿ¡—µ*‘ K
L
exogenous 1. ‡°¥‘ ¢π÷È ®“°‡πÕ◊È ‡¬Õ◊Ë ∫√‡‘ «≥º«‘ 2. exserted ªŸ¥, ‚º≈àÕÕ°¡“, ¬Ë◊πÕÕ°¡“ ®“° M
N
‡°‘¥¿“¬πÕ°µ«— ÕË◊π, ´ßË÷ ¡“®“°¿“¬πÕ° ‡ª≈Õ◊ °À√Õ◊  ß‘Ë ÀÕà Àÿâ¡ O
P
exoskeleton ‚§√ß√“à ß·¢Áß¿“¬πÕ° (™’«.) exship  ßà ≈ß∑“à *,  ßà ‡æ¬’ ߢπ≈ß®“°‡√◊Õ Q
R
exosmosis ´¡÷ ºà“πÕÕ° exstipulate ‰¡à¡À’ Ÿ„∫, ‰√â°“∫°â“π S
T
exotic ‡∑», «‡‘ ∑», µ“à ߪ√–‡∑», µà“ß∂πË‘ extended pit aperture ª“°À≈¡ÿ ºπ—߇´≈≈å U
V
exotic plant æ◊™∑Ë’π”¡“®“°∑Ë’Õ◊Ëπ ¬—ß‰¡à ·∫∫πÕ°¢Õ∫* (¥Ÿ aperture) W
X
 “¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«„À⇢⓰—∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ extender  “√‡æ¡Ë‘ *, µ«— º ¡‡æ‘Ë¡ Y
Z
·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â extensive ¢¬“¬ÕÕ°‰ª‡ªìπª√¡‘ “≥¡“°, ·∫∫

exothermic §≈“¬§«“¡√âÕπ ‰æ»“≈

exotoxin  “√æ‘…∑Ë’®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å √â“ߢÈ÷π·≈â«¢—∫ exterior ¿“¬πÕ°*

ÕÕ°®“°®“°‡´≈≈å exterior plywood ‰¡âÕ—¥(„™â)¿“¬πÕ°*

expansion-bath °“√µ¡â ‰≈Õà “°“» external fan kiln ‡µ“Õ∫·∫∫楗 ≈¡¿“¬πÕ°*

expansion-bath treatment «‘∏’°“√‰≈àπÈ”¬“ (¥Ÿ kiln, dry)

¥«â ¬§«“¡√Õâ π* (¥Ÿ preservation, wood) external phloem primary phloem ∑Ë’‡°‘¥

expectation value, soil §à“¢Õߥ‘π∑Ë’§“¥‰«â լय़ â“ππÕ°¢Õß primary xylem

experimental plot ·ª≈ß∑¥≈Õß external surface º‘«πÕ°, ‡π◊ÕÈ ∑ºË’ «‘ ¿“¬πÕ°

exploit ∑”ª“É ‰¡â extine ‡ª≈Õ◊ °º«‘ ™È—ππÕ°¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ

exploitable diameter 1. ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß extinguish, to 1. ¥—∫‰ø, 2. √–ß—∫ ‘∑∏‘Ï

¢π“¥„™â°“√‰¥â* 2. ‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß (µ“¡°ØÀ¡“¬)

¢π“¥∑”ÕÕ°‰¥â* extracellular πÕ°‡´≈≈å

exploitable girth 1. ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫µ—¥øíπ* extractive  “√·∑√°*

2. ¢π“¥«—¥√Õ∫„™âª√–‚¬™πå* extraxillary Õ¬àπŸ Õ°¡¡ÿ °â“π„∫ (axil)

exploitation °“√∑”ªÉ“‰¡*â extreme fibre stress §«“¡‡§âπ∑Ë’º‘«§“π*

exploratory survey °“√ ”√«®¥‘π·∫∫°«“â ß (¥Ÿ stress)

exposed crystal edge ∫√‘‡«≥¢Õ∫¢Õߺ≈÷° extremely acid ªØ°‘ √‘ ¬‘ “‡ªπì °√¥®¥— ¡“° (pH

exposure ¿¡Ÿ Õ‘ “°“» ¡— æπ— ∏,åÿ §«“¡ ¡— æπ— ∏°åÿ ∫— <4.5)

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑凰…µ√ 108

A extrorse Àπ— ÕÕ°¥â“ππÕ° exudation of preservative °“√´¡÷ ÕÕ° (®“°

B extrude √¥’ ÕÕ°, ¥π— ÕÕ°, º≈—°ÕÕ° ‰¡)â ¢Õßπ”È ¬“*

C extruder ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß√’¥ eye 1. °≈ÿà¡¢Õßµ“ („πæ◊™ ‡™àπ ¡—πΩ√Ë—ß)
D 2. √‡Ÿ  ¬’ ∫¥“â ¡ («π.) 3. ∫Õâ ß* (¢«“π,  «‘Ë )
E extrusion °“√√¥’ ÕÕ°, °“√¥—πÕÕ°
eye blinding tree µ“§ÿà¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈
F extrusive igneous rock Àπ‘ Õ§— π’æÿ Excoecarea agallocha, L.)
G extrusive rock À‘π‰À≈

H exudate  “√∂°Ÿ ¢∫— ÕÕ°, ‡¡◊Õ°´Ë÷߇¬¡‘È ÕÕ°¡“ eye-spot ®ÿ¥µ“

I µ“¡√Õ¬·º≈¢Õßµâπ‰¡â∑‡Ë’ ªπì ‚√§

J

K

L

MF

N
O F , F , ..... etc  —≠≈°— …≥å„™ â ”À√—∫· ¥ß factorial experiment °“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫·∫àß

12

P ≈Ÿ°„π™Ë—«µà“ßÊ À≈—ß®“°°“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ·≈â«  à«π¬Õà ¬ ( .)

Q (æ∏.) factory timber ‰¡â‡æÕË◊ ª√–¥…‘ ∞°√√¡

R face Àπ“â (øíπ‡≈Õ◊Ë ¬, „∫¡¥’ ), ¢“â ߢ«“π, √àÕß facultative ‡°¬Ë’ «°∫—  ß‘Ë ¡™’ «’ µ‘ ∑ Ë’ “¡“√∂¥”√ß™æ’

S ‡®“–¬“ß («π.) (S. side) Õ¬ÀŸà ≈“¬ ¿“æ (‡™πà Õ“®‡ªπì µ«— ‡∫¬’ π À√Õ◊

T face, better Àπ“â ¥’ saprophyte)
U facultative parasite µ—«‡∫’¬πÕ‘ √–
V face, loose Àπ“â „π fag(g)ot ¡—¥·¢π߉¡â, ¡¥— ‰¡â‡≈°Á

W face, slack Àπâ“À¬“∫ (‰¡∫â “ß)
X face, tight Àπâ“πÕ°, Àπ“â ‡√¬’ ∫ (‰¡∫â “ß) failure 1. °“√‰¡à‡ªπì ‰ªµ“¡‡ßËÕ◊ π‰¢∑°’Ë ”Àπ¥

Y face, worse Àπ“â ‡≈« ‰«â ( ”À√∫— ‡§√ÕË◊ ߬πµ°å ≈‰°µà“ßÊ) 2. °“√

Z face cord §Õ√¥å  —πÈ ‰¡â 1 øµÿ ·µ°*, °“√·µ°À—°*, °“√©’°¢“¥*, °“√

face count °“√«¥— º«‘ ÀπⓉ¡â ‡¥“–* («π.)

face cut 1. ‰¡ªâ É“ 2. °“√‡ª¥î Àπâ“´ÿß failure, compression °“√‡¥“–®“°·√ßÕ—¥*,

face-mark µ√“Àπâ“¥’ °“√·µ°À°— ®“°°“√°¥ (S. upsets)

face measure °“√«¥— æπÈ◊ ∑’˺‘«Àπ“â failure, crushing °“√·µ°À—°®“°°“√Õ—¥*

face-side ¥â“πÀπ“â failure, glue °“√·µ°∑’·Ë π«°“«*

face veneer ‰¡∫â “ß·ºàπÀπ“â failure, shear °“√©°’ ¢“¥®“°°“√‡©Õ◊ π*

facet Àπ“â ª√–°Õ∫ failure, tension °“√©’°¢“¥®“°·√ߥ÷ß*

faciation Àπ«à ¬¬Õà ¬¢Õß ß— §¡æ™◊ (π«.) failure, wood °“√·µ°∑’ˉ¡â*, °“√·µ°¢Õ߉¡â

factor ªí®®—¬, µ—«ª√–°Õ∫ „°≈·â π«°“«

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

109

fairlead √Õ°π”*, √Õ°‡√¬’ ß ¥â«¬‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ®“° à«πÕ◊ËπÊ πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“° A
B
fairlead arch ‡À≈°Á ‚§âßµ‘¥√Õ°π”* ‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õß√—߉¢à·∑âÊ (S. acceassory C
D
fairy bluebird π°‡¢’¬«§√“¡ (π°„π °ÿ≈ fruit) E
F
Trena puella) false heartwood ·°πà ‡∑’¬¡* G
H
fairy lily ∫—«Ω√Ë—ß, ∫—«®’π (‰¡â¥Õ°„π °ÿ≈ false ipecacuana ‡∑’¬π·¥ß («™— æ◊™‡¢µ√âÕπ I
J
Zephyranthus rosea, Lindl.) „π °ÿ≈ Asclepias curassavica, L.) K
L
fairy rose °ÿÀ≈“∫ÀπŸ (‰¡¥â Õ°„π °≈ÿ Rosa false puncture vine ‚§°°√– πÿ («—™æ™◊ ‡¢µ M
N
chinensis, Jacq.) √âÕπ„π °≈ÿ Tribulus cistoides, L.) O
P
falcate √Ÿª‡À¡Õ◊ π‡§’¬« false work ‰¡·â ∫∫* Q
R
fall ª√‘¡“≥‰¡â∑µË’ ¥— * (·µà≈–§√—ßÈ ) fame flower ‚ ¡ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Talinum S
T
fall block √Õ°·¢«π* patens, Willd.) U
V
faller §πµ—¥‰¡â, §π‚§πà ‰¡*â family 1. «ß»å, µ√–°≈Ÿ , °≈¡àÿ ¢Õßæ™◊ À√◊Õ —µ«å W
X
falling °“√µ—¥*, °“√µ¥— ‚§πà *, °“√‚§àπ‰¡â „πÕπ— ¥∫— (order) (™«’ .) 2. «ß»,å æ«°, °“√ Y
Z
falling axe ¢«“π ∫— ‰¡,â ¢«“π‚§àπ‰¡*â ®—¥°≈ÿà¡¢Õߥ‘π´÷Ëß¡’™—Èπ¥‘π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ¡’

falling cut °“√∑Õπ(‰¡)â §√ßÈ— ·√°* ≈—°…≥–¢Õߥ‘π§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π‡¢â“Õ¬Ÿà„π

fallopian tube ∑àÕπ”‰¢à à«πµâπ (µàÕ®“° µ√–°Ÿ≈‡¥¬’ «°π— (ª∞.)

ª“°·µ√∑√Ë’ Õß√∫— øÕ߉¢)à fan figure ≈“¬‰¡â‚§πß“à ¡, ≈“¬À“ߪ≈“

fallow °“√æ—°¥‘π, °“√ª≈àÕ¬æ◊Èπ∑Ë’‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ° fan maiden hair ‡ø√î åπ‡°≈Á¥ÀÕ¬„À≠à (‰¡â

«“à ߉«™â «à ߇«≈“ÀπßË÷ ‚¥¬‰¡ªà ≈°Ÿ æ™◊ „¥Ê ‡æÕ◊Ë ª√–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ Adiantum tenerum, Sw.)

„À⇫≈“·°à¥‘π„π°“√ – ¡§«“¡™◊Èπ·≈– fan palm µ“≈‚µπ¥ (æ◊™„π °≈ÿ Borassus

Õ‘π∑√’¬«µ— ∂)ÿ flabelifera, L.)

falls «ßπÕ°¢Õß°≈’∫¥Õ°æ◊™„πµ√–°Ÿ≈ fantail °“√™°— ≈“°‰¡√â ªŸ æ—¥*

Iridaceae sp. ´÷Ëß¡¢’ 𓥄À≠°à «à“«ß„π f.a.q. (fair average quality) §≥ÿ ¿“檓π-

false annual ring «ßªïª≈Õ¡* °≈“ß*

false berry º≈‡∫Õ√’Ë∑Ë’ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬Ë◊Õ f.a.s. (free alongside ship)  ßà ∂ß÷ ¢â“߇√Õ◊ *

®“° à«πÕ◊ËπÊ πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°‡πÈ◊Õ‡¬Ë◊Õ¢Õß farinaceous ¡’·ªÑßÀ√◊Õ “√∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬

√—߉¢à·∑âÊ ·ªÑß

false color (√ªŸ ∂à“¬) º’ ¥‘ ∏√√¡™“µ‘ farinose ª°§≈¡ÿ ¥«â ¬·ªßÑ

false daisy À≠“â  ∫— , °√–‡¡Áßµ—«‡¡¬’ [«—™æ◊™ farm ‰√πà “, §“¡, ø“√¡å , ∑¥’Ë π‘ ∑’Ë„™∑â ”°“√‡°…µ√,

‡¢µ√âÕπ„π °ÿ≈ Eclipta alba, (L.) ∑”ø“√¡å ,

Hassk.] farm forestry «π‡°…µ√, °“√∑”ªÉ“‰¡â„π‰√àπ“

false fruit º≈ª≈Õ¡, º≈∑’ˇπÈ◊Õº≈ª√–°Õ∫ (S. agro-forestry)

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√ 110

A farmhand §πß“π„πø“√å¡ feather fern ®“¡®√ÿ ’·ºß, ‚ª√àßøÑ“ (‰¡âª√–¥—∫
„π °ÿ≈ Asparagus plumosus, Baker)
B farm holding land ‡πÕÈ◊ ∑∂Ë’ Õ◊ §√Õß∑”°“√‡°…µ√
feather figure ≈“¬‰¡â‚§πß“à ¡*, ≈“¬À“ߪ≈“
C farm house ∫“â π∑Ë’‡®“â ¢Õßø“√å¡Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà feather grass À≠“â ‰¡°â «“¥ [«™— æ™◊ ‡¢µ√Õâ π„π
D
E farming, organic ‡°…µ√°√√¡Õ‘π∑√’¬å  °ÿ≈ Leptochloa filiformis, (Lam)
Beauv.]
F farm pond Õ“à ߇°∫Á πÈ”„π‰√àπ“ feature ≈—°…≥–
G farm woodland ª“É ‰¡â„π‰√àπ“ feces : faeces ¡Ÿ≈ µ— «,å Õÿ®®“√–
fecundity §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„Àâ≈Ÿ°‰¥â¡“°
H farmyard manure ªÿܬ§Õ° fecuniation °“√º ¡æπ— ∏ÿå (S. fertilization)
feed 1. °π‘ Õ“À“√, „ÀÕâ “À“√, ‡≈È’¬ß —µ«,å ªÑÕπ
I farrow µ°≈Ÿ°, ÕÕ°≈Ÿ°‡ªπì §√Õ° 2. Õ“À“√ —µ«å, «µ— ∂ÿ¥∫‘ 3. ¡ÈÕ◊ Õ“À“√¢Õß
 µ— «å 4. ∑àÕπÈ”¡—π„π‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πµå
J fasciated ¥Ÿ fasciation feed, finger ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡Õ◊ „À⪬Üÿ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬®“π
À¡ÿπ´÷Ëß¡’ à«π∑’ˬ◊ËπÕÕ°¡“®“°∂—ß à߉ª¬—ß
K fasciation °“√∑Ë’≈”µâπ‡®√‘≠º‘¥√Ÿª∑”„À⇰‘¥ ∑àÕ®“à ¬ª¬Üÿ
L feed, rate of Õµ— √“ªÑÕπ*
M °“√¢¬“¬„À≠à·≈–·∫πÕÕ°§≈⓬°—∫‡Õ“ feed, revolving bottom ‡§√◊ËÕß„Àâªÿܬ∑’Ë
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬®“πÀ¡ÿπ·≈–·ºàπ°«π∑”„Àâ
N ≈”µπâ À≈“¬Ê ≈”¡“‡™ÕË◊ ¡°π— ‡¢“â ªÿܬ‰¡à‡°“–µ—«°π—
O fascicled ™àÕ¥Õ°, ™àÕ„∫, ‡ªìπ°√–®ÿ° (‡™àπ feed conversion °“√‡ª≈’ˬπÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡πÈ◊Õ,
Õ—µ√“·≈°‡πÈ◊Õ
P °“√‡√¬’ ßµ«— ¢Õß„∫ π 2 „∫ ·≈– π 3 „∫) feed cup  «à π∫√√®‡ÿ ¡≈¥Á ∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„µ∂â ß— ¢Õ߇§√ÕË◊ ß

Q fascular cambium vascular cambium ∑Ë’

R ‡°¥‘ ®“° procambium „π vascular bundle

S fasciculate √«¡°π— ‡ªπì °√–®°ÿ À√◊Õ°≈à¡ÿ ·πàπ
T
U fasten ¬÷¥µ¥‘ ‡¢“⠥⫬°—π

V fastener  ≈—°¬÷¥
W fastiglate ¡’°‘Ëß°â“πµ√ß

X fatal ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬∂ß÷ ™’«‘µ, ∂÷ßµ“¬

Y fatality °“√µ“¬, §«“¡µ“¬

Z fatique ≈â“, °“√≈â“*

fattening °“√¢πÿ  µ— «å„ÀÕâ «â π À¬Õ¥

fault 1. √Õ¬‡À≈Ë◊Õ¡, √Õ¬‡≈◊ËÕπ (ª∞.) 2. feeder  µ— «åÀ√Õ◊ æ◊™∑’ˉ¥â√∫— Õ“À“√

µ”Àπ*‘ («π.) (S. defect) feed hopper ∂ß— ∫√√®ÿ·≈–ªÑÕπ«— ¥ÿ (‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™

fault line ·π«√Õ¬‡À≈ÕË◊ ¡ ª¬ÿÜ œ≈œ)

fauna  µ— «™“µ‘ feeding ground ∑Ë’Ê  µ— «å¡“À“Õ“À“√°‘π

fawn foot µπ’ °«“ß* (¥“â ¡¢«“π) feedlot §Õ°, ‚√߇√Õ◊ π ”À√—∫¢πÿ  µ— «å

feasibility §«“¡‡ªπì ‰ª‰¥â feed mechanism °≈‰°°“√ªÑÕπ‡¡≈Á¥¢Õß

feather ‰¡‚â §πßà“¡ ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¬Õ¥

feather-edge(d) Àπ“â ≈“¥* (°√–¥“π) feedstuff Õ“À“√ —µ«å, «—µ∂¥ÿ ‘∫Õ“À“√ µ— «å

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»—æ∑‡å °…µ√

111

feel method «∏‘  ’ —¡º — (ª∞.) felling shake √Õ¬√“â «®“°°“√‚§àπ* A
B
fell, to µ¥— ‚§àπ‰¡â feldspar ·√øà íπ¡â“ C
D
felled sale °“√¢“¬§“µÕ female µ«— ‡¡’¬, ‡æ»‡¡¬’ E
F
feller §πµ¥— ‰¡â, §π‚§πà ‰¡*â feminine ¥Ÿ female G
H
felling °“√µ—¥*(‰¡â), °“√µ¥— ‚§πà *, °“√‚§πà ‰¡â fen æ√ÿ, ∑≈Ë’ à¡ÿ  πàπÿ I
J
felling, advance °“√µ¥— ≈«à ßÀπ“â fenland (∑—∫»—æ∑å), ∫√‘‡«≥∑Ë’¡’æ◊Èπ∑Ë’≈àÿ¡π”È ¢—ß K
L
felling, clear °“√µ—¥¥– ¢π“¥„À≠à°√–®—¥°√–®“¬Õ¬àŸ∑—Ë«‰ª „™â M
N
felling, exploitation °“√µ¥— ‡æË◊Õ¢“¬ ‡√’¬°‡©æ“–„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õߪ√–‡∑» O
P
felling, final °“√µ¥— §√È—ß ÿ¥∑⓬ Õ—ß°ƒ… Q
R
felling, grub °“√°πà ‰¡*â fence ©“° (À√◊Õ·ªπÑ ) µßÈ— ÀπⓉ¡â* S
T
felling, improvement °“√µ¥— ∫”√ßÿ , µ¥— „À‡â ®√≠‘ fence trap, mullet √â“πª≈“°√–∫Õ° (‡§√◊ÕË ß U
V
felling, increment °“√µ—¥‡√ßà §«“¡‡æË‘¡æŸπ ¡◊Õ¥—° —µ«åπÈ”∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬§≈÷ß√—È«™—° W
X
felling, intermediate °“√µ¥— √–¬–°≈“ß ·µà∑”„π∑Ë’µ◊Èπ·≈–‰¡à¡’ªï°‰¡â°—Èπª≈“≈ß Ÿà Y
Z
felling, preparatory °“√µ—¥‡µ√’¬¡°“√ Õ«π „™®â ∫— ª≈“°√–∫Õ°Õ¬“à ߇¥¬’ «‡∑“à ππ—È )

felling, principal °“√µ—¥§√ßÈ— „À≠à fence trap with lift net ¬Õªï°

felling, regeneration °“√µ—¥ ∫◊ æπ— ∏åÿ fence trap with scoop net ™âÕπªï°, ¬Õ

felling, salvage °“√µ¥— °âŸ °√–¥° (‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¥—° —µ«åπÈ”∑Ë’¡’≈—°…≥–

felling, sanitation °“√µ—¥‡æÕË◊  ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈ ‡À¡◊Õπ™âÕπ¢π“¥„À≠à)

felling, secondary °“√µ¥— §√ß—È ∑’Ë Õß fender À≈—°°—π´ÿß* (S. brestwork log,

felling, seeding °“√µ¥—  ∫◊ æπ— ∏åÿ glancer, shear kid)

felling, selection °“√‡≈Õ◊ °µ—¥ fenestrate ¡√’ ŸÀ√◊ÕæπÈ◊ ∑Ë’‚ª√ßà · ß

felling, selective °“√‡øÑπµ¥— , °“√∑”‰¡·â ∫∫ fenestriform pit À≈ÿ¡ºπ—߇´≈≈å·∫∫™àÕß

‡øÑπµ¥— * Àπ⓵“à ß* (¥Ÿ pit)

felling, severance °“√µ¥— ·π«°π— ≈¡ fennel ¬Ë’À√à“ (æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Foeniculum

felling, shelterwood °“√µ¥— ‰«â√à¡ vultare, Mill.)

felling, strip °“√µ¥— ‡ªπì ·π« ferment À¡°—

felling, subsidiary °“√µ—¥≈“â ߪ“É fermentation °“√À¡—°

felling, unregulated °“√µ¥— πÕ°À≈°— ‡°≥±å fermenter ∂—ßÀ¡°—

felling axe ¢«“π‚§πà ‰¡â* fern ‡øî√åπ¢ππ°°â“π·¢Áß (‰¡âª√–¥—∫„π °ÿ≈

felling cycle √Õ∫µ—¥øíπ Adiantum tenerum, Sw.)

felling point √–¥∫— µ¥— ‚§πà * fern asparagus  π√“™π‘ ’ (‰¡âª√–¥∫— „π °≈ÿ

felling series À¡«¥µ—¥øπí Asparagus plumosus, Baker var.

æ®π“π°ÿ √¡»æ— ∑凰…µ√ 112

A nanus,Hort.) fertilization, deep placement °“√„ ªà ¬Üÿ ≈°÷
fertilization, double °“√ªØ‘ π∏‘´Õâ π
B ferran §√“∫‡À≈°Á fertilization, dribble °“√„ ªà ¬ÿÜ ‡ªπì ·∂∫°«“â ß
fertilizer ªÿܬ, ∏“µÿÕ“À“√∑’Ë„™â‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠
C ferri argillan §√“∫¥π‘ ‡Àπ¬’ «ªπ‡À≈Á°
D ‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßæ™◊
E fertigation °“√„Àªâ Üÿ¬„π√–∫∫™≈ª√–∑“π fertilizer, acid forming ªÜ¬ÿ ∑Ë’„Àâº≈µ°§“â ß

F fertile ‰¡à‡ªìπÀ¡—π, Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å, (æ◊™)´÷Ëß¡’ ‡ªìπ°√¥·°à¥‘π
G §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°ÕÕ°º≈ fertilizer, clear liquid ª¬Üÿ ‡À≈«„ 
fertilizer, complete ª¬ÿÜ ‡™ß‘  ¡∫Ÿ√≥,å ª¬ÿÜ ‡§¡’
H fertile egg ‰¢¡à ‡’ ™È◊Õ
∑’ªË √–°Õ∫¥«â ¬∏“µÿÕ“À“√À≈—° NPK §√∫
I fertile soil ¥π‘ ∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡Õ¥ÿ ¡ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å ∑—ßÈ 3 ∏“µÿ (Õ“®¡∏’ “µÿÕ“À“√æ™◊ Õπ◊Ë Ê ªπ
Õ¬Ÿà¥«â ¬°Á‰¥â)
J fertility 1. §«“¡Õ¥ÿ ¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å, §«“¡ “¡“√∂ fertilizer, compound ªÜÿ¬‡™‘ߪ√–°Õ∫, ªÜÿ¬
‡§¡∑’ ª’Ë √–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿÕ“À“√À≈—° 2 ∏“µÿ
K ¢Õߥ‘π„π°“√„Àâ∏“µÿÕ“À“√„π®”π«π∑’Ë ¢÷Èπ‰ª
L fertilizer, conditioned ªÿܬª√—∫ ¿“æ
M æÕ¥’°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õßæ◊™·µà≈–™π‘¥ fertilizers, controlled-availability ªÿܬ
§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡‡ªπì ª√–‚¬™πå
N „π ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª∑’ËæÕ‡À¡“– fertilizers, controlled release ªÜÿ¬§«∫§ÿ¡
O 2. ¿“«–‡®√‘≠æ—π∏ÿå, °“√∑’Ëæ◊™ “¡“√∂ §«“¡‡ªπì ª√–‚¬™πå
fertilizer, fluid ªÜ¬ÿ πÈ”, ª¬Üÿ ‡À≈«
P  ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ‰¥â‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‡™È◊Õ‡æ», §«“¡‰¡à fertilizer, granular ªÜ¬ÿ ‡¡Á¥, ª¬ÿÜ ∑’Ë¡≈’ —°…≥–
‡ªπì ‡¡Á¥°≈¡‡≈°Á Ê ¢π“¥‡ πâ ºà“»Ÿπ¬°å ≈“ß
Q ‡ªìπÀ¡—π 3. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√∑’Ë®–„Àâ

R ≈Ÿ°∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å  “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡æË◊Õ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå

S µÕà ‰ª‰¥â (æ∏.)
T
U fertility gradient √–¥—∫§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å

V ¢Õߥπ‘
W fertility regulators  “√‡√ßà §«“¡‡®√≠‘ ¢Õßæ™◊

X fertilisation : fertilization 1. °“√ªØ‘ π∏,‘

Y °“√º ¡æ—π∏åÿ, °“√∑Ë’‡™◊ÈՇ滺⟺ ¡°—∫

Z ‡™Õ◊È ‡æ»‡¡¬’ [„πæ™◊ ®–‡°¥‘ °“√º ¡ 2 §√ß—È

‡√¬’ °«à“ çdouble fertilizationé §Õ◊ ‡™ÈÕ◊ ª√–¡“≥ 1-4 ¡≈‘ ≈‡‘ ¡µ√

‡æ»ºµâŸ «— ÀπßË÷ ‡¢“â º ¡°∫— ‡´≈≈‡å ™ÕÈ◊ ‡æ»‡¡¬’ fertilizer, granulated ªÜÿ¬‡¡Á¥

‡°¥‘ ‡ªìπ zygote (2n)  «à π‡™◊ÈՇ滺ŸÕâ ’° fertilizer, liquid ªÜ¬ÿ πÈ”, ª¬ÿÜ ‡À≈«

µ«— Àπ÷Ëß®–‡¢“â º ¡°∫— ‡´≈≈å polar nuclei fertilizer, maintenance ªÿܬ‡ √‘¡§«“¡

2 ‡´≈≈å ‡°¥‘ ‡ªπì endosperm (3n)] (æƒ.)  ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õߥ‘π, ªÜ¬ÿ „ à™¥‡™¬

2. °“√„Àªâ ¬ÿÜ , °“√π”∏“µÀÿ √Õ◊  “√ª√–°Õ∫ fertilizer, mixed ªÜÿ¬º ¡, ªÜÿ¬‡§¡’∑Ë’‰¥â®“°

Õ—π‡ªπì ∏“µÿÕ“À“√æ◊™„ à≈߉ª„π¥‘π (ª∞.) °“√º ¡ªÜÿ¬‡§¡’™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π

fertilization, deep banding °“√„ ªà ÿ¬Ü ‡ªìπ ‡æÕË◊ „À≥∏â “µÕÿ “À“√µ“à ßÊ µ“¡∑’µË âÕß°“√

·∂∫≈°÷ fertilizer, multinutrient ªÜ¬ÿ À≈“¬∏“µÿ

æ®π“πÿ°√¡»æ— ∑‡å °…µ√

113

fertilizer, natural organicª¬Üÿ Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ∏å √√¡™“µ‘ ∏“µÕÿ “À“√À≈—°‡æ’¬ß∏“µÿ‡¥’¬« A
B
fertilizer, non-acid forming ªÿܬ‰¡à„Àâº≈ fertilizer, slow released ª¬ÿÜ ≈–≈“¬™â“ C
D
µ°§“â ߇ªìπ°√¥ fertilizer, slurry (suspension) ªÿܬ‡À≈«¢âπ, E
F
fertilizer, non-farm ªÜÿ¬„™πâ Õ°‰√πà “ ªÿܬ‡À≈« “√·¢«π≈Õ¬ G
H
fertilizer, non-synthetic ªÿ¬Ü ∏√√¡™“µ‘ fertilizer, solution ªÜÿ¬‡À≈«„  (¥Ÿ fertilizer, I
J
fertilizer, organic ªÜÿ¬Õ‘π∑√¬’ å clear liquid) K
L
fertilizer, plow-down ª¬ÿÜ æ√«π°≈∫ (ªÜ¬ÿ ∑’Ë fertilizer, specialty ªÿܬ摇»…, ªÿܬ∑Ë’º≈‘µ M
N
„ à∫πº‘«¥‘π·≈⫉∂æ√«π„Àâ≈߉ªÕ¬Ÿà„µâº‘«  ”À√∫— æ™◊ ‡©æ“–Õ¬“à ß O
P
¥‘π¥â«¬ moldboard plow ∑”„Àâªÿܬ fertilizer, starter ª¬ÿÜ ‡√àßµπâ ÕÕà π Q
R
°√–®“¬∑Ë—«™—Èπ¥‘π„π√–¥—∫§«“¡≈÷°∑’Ë fertilizer, straight ª¬ÿÜ ‡™ß‘ ‡¥¬Ë’ « (¥Ÿ fertilizer, S
T
‡À¡“– ¡) single) U
V
fertilizer, polynutrient ª¬Üÿ À≈“¬∏“µÿ fertilizer, suspension ª¬Üÿ ‡À≈« “√·¢«π≈Õ¬ W
X
fertilizer, pop-up ª¬ÿÜ ‡√àßµπâ ÕàÕπ fertilizer, topdressed ª¬ÿÜ ·µàßÀπ“â , ªÿܬÀ≈ß— Y
Z
fertilizer, post-plant ªÿܬÀ≈—ߪ≈°Ÿ (ª¬Üÿ ∑’Ë„ à ª≈°Ÿ (¥Ÿ post-plant fertilizer)

À≈—ß®“°ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™·≈⫇æ◊ËÕ‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠ fertilizer additive  “√‡µ‘¡·µàߪÿܬ (‡æË◊Õ

‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßæ◊™„π™à«ßµàÕ‰ª®πº≈‘¥Õ° √—°…“ ¡∫µ— ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ¢ÕߪÜÿ¬)

ÕÕ°º≈; ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ fertilizer application °“√„ àªÿ¬Ü

topdressed fertilizer) fertilizer carrier «— ¥ÿªÿܬ

fertilizer, powder ª¬Üÿ ºß fertilizer conditioner « — ¥ªÿ √∫—  ¿“æªÜ¬ÿ

fertilizer, pre-plant ªÿܬ°àÕπª≈Ÿ° (¡’§«“¡ fertilizer consumption °“√∫√‚‘ ¿§ªÿ¬Ü

À¡“¬‡À¡◊Õπ basal fertilizer) fertilizer demonstration ·ª≈ß “∏µ‘ ‡ª√’¬∫

fertilizer, prilled ªÜÿ¬‡¡Á¥·∫∫æ√‘≈≈å (ªÜÿ¬ ‡∑¬’ ∫ª√– ∑‘ ∏‘¿“æªÿܬ

‡¡Á¥™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß ¡’√Ÿª√à“߇°◊Õ∫°≈¡ º≈‘µ fertilizer distribution °“√°√–®“¬ªÜÿ¬

‚¥¬π”ªÿܬ∑Ë’Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ¢Õ߇À≈«¢âπÀ√◊Õ fertilizer elements ∏“µÿªÜ¬ÿ

À≈Õ¡¡“∑”„Àâ·¢Áß‚¥¬æàπ¢Õ߇À≈«„Àâ fertilizer filler  “√µ«— ‡µ¡‘ ,  “√‡µ¡‘ π”È Àπ°— ª¬ÿÜ

‡ªπì ΩÕ¬ ·≈«â ª≈Õà ¬„Àâ√à«ßÀ≈àπ®“°Àՠߟ fertilizer formula  µŸ √ªÜÿ¬

ºà“πÕ“°“»∑Ë’·Àâ߇¬Áπ ‡¡Ë◊Õµ°∂÷ßæÈ◊π‡¡Á¥ fertilizer formulation °“√°”Àπ¥µ”√—∫

ªÿ¬Ü ®–·ÀâßæÕ¥’) º ¡ªÿܬ

fertilizer, residual ªÿ¬Ü µ°§â“ß fertilizer grade  µŸ √ª¬Üÿ , ‡°√¥ª¬ÿÜ , ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå

fertilizer, side-bandedª¬Üÿ „ ·à µßà ¢“â ß·∫∫·∂∫ ∏“µÕÿ “À“√µà“ßÊ „πªÿܬ

fertilizer, side dressed ª¬ÿÜ ·µàߢâ“ß fertilizer intermediate  “√¡∏— ¬—πµ√¢å ÕߪÜÿ¬

fertilizer, single ªÿܬ‡™‘߇¥Ë’¬«, ªÜÿ¬‡§¡’∑Ë’¡’ ( “√∑Ë’‡°¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ °àÕπ‡ªìπº≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±åª¬Üÿ )