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Day Trading With Short Term Price Patter - Toby Crabel

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Published by franc.wood, 2022-09-12 06:07:58

Day Trading With Short Term Price Patter - Toby Crabel

Day Trading With Short Term Price Patter - Toby Crabel

BOND呈 : Gem~:ra ll~ revfi?1:s,e.s t h e d i r ecti.on of
t.h(! gap . 泣。V合ment c。 也II言 te r thé qap' N a~

rela 也 ively easy as display:ed by uurub.u- o f

乞rad<ts. Cau乞ion shOUld b é óba:erved nηtra.dÊfs

in the direction of the .gap Unle.S? in室。rmation

is ovar.....he.理min9~Y i n iavO J; ' o[ a cont inuat+ion .

T~ke coun也er' I;:ra.des !n t.he abSenCé of :s:arl}'

En t.ry and 10。议 for a t二rad也 back to th'e g~ p OT

t h.e:t pT. e飞r îo us döï I s ~e 乞 tleme 到也.

EURODOLLARS: S!m! lar 乞0 乞hè Bond _marke t .

主主主主lil~SE -YEIl, Cl盟军 up",'ard OJ 2R t hrouqhout

$ometh ~ 飞 0 S 也 pe riod . s 1 古nifican -t percen 乞 a gês

on bl.ly每 a bove and bel oiô uu:~ open.

量也.Q: Ge~e .r al ly a 臼 èc mar文民 af 乞'" 白e g ap .
Profi毛需 'V.~e.r想 古传a lizeõ 011 t t:aðes CÒl" n ter t he
g ap . Perc.entagc-s ~tlel'e not. remarkable bû乞 dld

proviãe 'some hin毛S 00 m窍 rket <i irec乞 io.n

Sugges-t ion 15 fo C' tra'd es t..aken o n l y a fter

inl 乞 ial COUñtQ:t - g.<l<p aCl二 iô~ is nÞaé~ ved.

CRUDE OIL: Tests d i~ not proviãe clcarcu乞

in 主 Or C'l a ~二 lôn bu t sè~m.ed to l ,e-<l r. in fav or o E t二h ..

marxe乞 CO罚乞玉 Iluing in i二he ôireè乞 ion o ( th传 gap

E泣应~: Gap ã irection 挝、 génera11y rèv érsed.

SY6te ma t i c t r a cJ,es a r e -not r:ecol:um~nded giyen

the 10w percent'agcs . .~ clear abl11毛Y 乞。 .mOYè

Of f 乞h键 。pan in 乞he oppo写 -i te ói rect ion o f the

gap 币fas demons 乞ra也Qd~ Caut1 0n shOUld bê

observed on t rðde3 in ã irp.c~革。n of t h e gap and

乞 ràdes con sidere 岳 coun t:e r gap'_

亘主主里呈; -Or.l y 9 bUys Out of a po织 S ibl再 32
trades , a c.!e事 r dôwnw~rd bias. Do n。怎 宫。 ."ith

a mOVê in 乞he dlréct i on, o f t h e 9..lþ un 1éSs t.he

ga? .~, is only ' 5 cen乞s . Anything gre.atèr ShOU1d

be ,,"i究ìle-d 布ìth c ::!ut.ion . On a g a.p ! ov;oer o f. 10
c C'n t.s .) r moro 1001< a t二 r a.11i es 已。 s e l1 , b"Ù乞 Cfl
9~PS highér õO nO乞 bU',y br:eaka . Cons-! dE奇r ,司ales

on gap~ ' \1 p .

EacJt rnark,et d i '5p l ays i ts own pecu..l i ar

c: ha .r ac乞 eria t. i c.::,急 h t' ouqhout 乞 he 乞p. st, 'pe r-i'od!) .

This cou ld be at乞r ibute-d 乞Ô " t :rê n,d during the
t~st per:i o -ds. '!'l!e onc excaþtion may bc ' the

Soyb ~an mark 使兔, 可h i cñ c 1. e ;,;生 rly $how~电 d 2

down、'a芯d bias . t\s aτu le. t ~ades taken in tne

d 主 rec也ión of gaps s h CU1d -'be clone cautious l y

<lnd i n cOo~di na乞 1011 w! t h 0乞her i nfòrmàt1-o n
(;>i fc'e .ac.i;.i 'o'll, Barly Ent r y) . Thcrc ~..;êrl? τ~ry

fe~~ ins 'tances ;;he -re 3y生 tematic t_r军δea -,;"re

ca1 1ad for. The infor自ation can bes 乞 be used

~a a r ererence t o 乞 he 'gènéral ch ar 兰 cteri3 乞 lC

o f eçC"', m~ì:'k.et ~ ft.-e r' gap~.

Ev idenCê c learl y suggcs 巳s t hat Opening

Range Breakout trades 震re no t somethiúg that

:s1:l0.Ù!Õ h e-' ~aka!1 è ve,r y ûay . 。怎he-:r i到 fO:rma乞ion

2 51

M.ARR F.'了
ANALYTI臼

罚lust be 主 ntegrξ急eó' \then conslder!ng a t.radQ of

出 1. tY ?e - a gap 18 jU$t ona 0乞恼。S9

considorat!on 怠.

The Cirs t part of thi~ repor乞 dea lt >li t h

eoncept torma 也 ion. 1急 iø with thl s p a tt icula r

~heory Of knovleôg e (Ayn Rðnð l s Objec乞1飞,> 1st

Eplat. ",o logy) 也注at 1 QPprOach all my 宵。rk

'1' 1115 proviòes a neCIlS8Ð. ry contex毡 an ð

ðettnitively ðemonliõt rates t hc s ig"n i ficance of

tochnlca l analys is as a coqn i t ive too l. Thi~

ia my !nten乞 10n , Þ町~V10U$ l y , Techn ica l

~n81y~i4 ha~ be管n jU5t!tled ce~e 17 on

prag'.. 也 lCa; does i t vork/~ake rooney 守 ;;1 也h •

ph !l osophlca 主也a se Qf thls type ( yragma毛主 sm )

l t is easy f or the ranðo~ V~lk scbool 急。

。verturn t echnical analysis. p =eaises.
Toehn!eal 主nalj"!S!S and ., 11 its vari atlon e

.rO捕Q ~rom a human nOQd tn determlnê tñe

nl!l ture of th~ market. OJ'I(;e t.hc nLi乞ur去 。t thc

mar)Co也 !s determineQ{ traa ln~ can bQ

pro t1也 ~bl p. •

252

MARKET
ANALYTICS

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2Sl

.

是[ARKf;T

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,饵"'"
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• s; 255
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雪 g雾~ 1iDo'm .乞lCS •• ...也§ m LJ ,.3-Q.
3il
。眩目』由r~ 16'自由

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S T!CS
α'‘回 ..咀回 r...:. g
S 坦白 57 Ll1 '10 也71 14, nl
s ~I .cr需,. 1. 军:cs 自 131 组 ‘ ‘自 lt.iIl
æcf 1Cξl$
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s 曲 2且 ‘左2 7.。但

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悍~i':I:皿 • .r京25 • " "‘ 9 10'
""l龟' ." '"36., s9 m 61! Hl 乱'口
。羽田凡""" 事T'-'" ‘•• ..... ,. 22 ,1.50帚
回阻挡E饵S ..,106e 51 . , "7
lð 'l'!CS 12.sn

军自 CP由 民.cs 1串哩lCS ., "‘ 501 14,110
00阳 _ .在DS 43.$ l'.SC
t '!T"-S 14:'9 毡,。
!S 。草击:-mr.;:s .‘ 4.2'1
军 官cs 512 J.m
由ZI: MQ1;IS 16 哩cs u组
.'."., 3C
回国'坦3 16 士去:s " " :.'""m, 4割2 <5 '目 40
a~驾巳S .. '"s
= 曲目吭.cs .古cs s 54 10, '42
4却 1." 0&
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QV由tmnl'S
16 1'!CS , 当7 35 .<8 王军4 胃,‘. .
<;>2 合m- ,r..Q酷 óO .7
gTI~ 备工 J<
骂骂画面c.- p且, :$ • '" '"B
...四= "‘ '0' 1%.&54
, . α及到 2结篇篇 .., 5.11'

理'm JC甸事 , §‘ 2 "。 ε)1

c;:r;:::: "江基 LE 币::s • ., ", ". 3~。 2.'回
S 'i'!CS 毛也 ‘ 7"2"
"" 01':自民翩 .3' 6 1e00., !‘.u!Ss
毡 '!'!C: 5. 1峰 4.)
"" 岳阳脯,昂 's $4
15 '!!C$ IQ, 157 "草帽
" 恒cna用S "1.1 屑, 3四 ',3512
• " ...s 2毛
g昂 oml , WS 16 立也 飞岛民
眩,剖面,:: 四届 8 雪笃=
" ~ tmittS • ~τts "s τ, 3臼 毛..,
""'" """"吕 立c U~
自g , ..
• 盟 12 ,,. ZI.4
1I

:l $4

~fAf飞Kl:T
ANALYTI臼

胃四....F 屯目 G副011尉 - :.~

"'''1l7Ti缸萃,血"禀缸'L -n:双.. CF ;..~. tr.ñ..:; <=5

Øll I'!IJ 1('>>:骂问鼻 .. 苦割α7τ司r

("'~ 。民;x !'!lIS !!' T!n'> • ..n5aI ‘ 5 S 140 S 137 s ~ .&1
12.~ J <l " , ..争
理 。带去; ptl结 4 甘cs •• ••2• "‘ 自‘ 11S 1,1~!Þ
m14' in n ,:!营4
4 α'"号 M!ln‘G 1 'l'ICS
8 'l'!æ
但自i Mn踹

G坦 Ct?ë!" 究w J; T!<"S • m,。
•• " "郭 71 173 112: 5, '49
"。除: C.?Ð;i PU怠 'j 'l'!CS 11:11 11$ 10 , 1_14

4 ~g;- /otIt.:毛 4 'r!CS ssae B ,1.77. l.S5 3 ,OS由'
1.&6-
。S程norn哎S $T如万 2, 0110

t"',;.J' a:::;:v ..ws Q T!'=S $2 3'10 132 2,OSS

回 α究~到:JJS 毛甘白 • .>, 也A‘ :102 lJl 2, 150:3

"""8 旦E飞也 ‘白白 •• 幅 """" 军的 t~S <.量4冒
m 1瞄 .:.. ,..,
æ:::号,也u::_..-,jS '9 T':CS

C~ 宦丐震'" .τ"'" ''' '52'‘‘asa ,21. "每 1瞄 1.32.
ro耻CfZ... _r.æs ,. 2,514
电 ncs eH, 2唾 S !l(
事 O?~~~ 17 三世 2曲
‘e"哩"!C"S ,.,
0:>.:-"旦Z翻出5 1, 51:5
2幅

.C...o? 信白主:l!S .包自 g ‘T '21 1:3 2'.-!:OO
(l~nζS 4 喧,,:s "ns
12 毛亏双'" 355 1自 "由4
<l:r:::s提B蜜,. 也 fiCS g
。旦旦旦~ 4 , 草"
, :-!CS "$
,,.,'" 臼n ~SO HI ~. 74'

I "1!CS .‘2 2l l(,. 三' õ

6泻' 由自由 . τIC:Ii s ., , 120 zoS dl,o,o

""" 何去苦苦...".'5 " 嗣 lJ ll-5 13三 s 币"
u ''回骨且$国7 110 41
CP;自注E凯'" 。
口PE:: !"~唱JS

气"):1J". r~:;

-
MARK F.T

ag剧.... 立酣 C四 1.,.'1 _ 喧 ~Eð

Wi/5也.L Ir;). CÆ J号,飞:;. 1届& J GKiCI'II.IO,

l a) lSl \?;.arrr 1机咀酣 .飞"'. 押在J 阳 .....,.
'··e·SS$3 山唱,
臼口 ....F""宫由内捕 '2.\1 ''P":民~S 12.01'
", • ,恤 、,
扭 。e回,.".." 20 'l'!Ci; 5 ,τ3
帽E 挺出足 崎= 曹 山
aag' 西 1 ,'常
:m:四 ; ;
12 253 LE
2<4 17。 ".
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127 4 , ':'1..
2U
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H
睬><' ~r.ε$ M 70CS H崎 国4 l:!l

'0 '"阴阳明 坷 ,双3 u‘。 19S
α咽·町田, .,雪主:~ 21S

TaCppEe由rn 1'1础 崎但C:J 8888 '6469S32 2'6ea50 2飞 3aee ð3..l'"1S
30!!
。P!N P'~'$ 20 'l'lCS s 0 ), 5,,"
. . .由比剧"" 21) 1"11骂 s , 2GS
C{'tnl 阿惊守1') 236 227 唰)Jl
柑.m: s 251 6 锢
… w Cft:i Pu.鸣 '
叫'同(',$ õ 臼 24?42 2 回
叫 C'.PÐI l'Um 崎 ·e··5 34" F
20 'l'ICS M "。垄32 2Jû 由 FF
m CI'归啤寓目 崎F m N3
~ ,!,!:. ;s ,m
由自阳明 U~
,t~ 'fiCS 3232"阳$2
...." s h们,自M 1St 1;"1 市
喃噎:cs n
白 ~M'13 s 21" 崩m ·‘ 口
..". :-1 '!'乞>:s ••' 到
s 斟 "
白 m ".'.".扫,街"‘.国.到,路. 2t1 '!!os ,,e "
m臼 。哩:!f n:.员' .t.J '!'lL"'S 引" A 4:4τ 主72
领项:N l'IÑ'$
"咽西 sa7&2ao2H a3s2 :.E3 220
113
111 'l'lCS '。 :t:.S; 212

~ '!'1<:王 3'4
拍 TICS
"恋'甩到s - "毛
""位t 他路"" - 5:0

256

刑 ,、民民1::'1'
Al" A.L、,..nC5

盯』 串:,þ :n~ • 出血

言『阳魅》冉lg也i2. m. 咀 =$
百ProF!1' '!P.M用 瞄 . w四;")跑出3 ?K:II且T

G睡 s: $!.4

j~
'2.C咽 由自 坦;s $4.00 • 三"'。 "'1 la::. $ :103 $ S8, 2A3。
皑白 立1lS
吉2 , 00 '且 在3 ]\'1) ‘,。 ".咽
~!..~咒rnos , ..
().~据n~s H.('O 32 m 31.4"
53 捏,
~.OO s , .. 牛充 刀,到4

""".制 悟出 næ 主'.刷 's m苔T .., 言工, 2;.~,

'Z. 曲 '"去‘民"" t1 .二。 军§ :.1IJ 悍, 4§毛 2岳,董事事
?2.臼 m军事 5岔。 50; 白,...
企旦旦 E立.s ‘s ;, m '.4 595 7, 5'\'1)
" '. .,匹NS $ t . OO

q陆 由守飞.. ....lIJS $4.00 自 ' .4 511; <呈3223‘86ξ 6. :11曲
onu 空口路 S2.()1) 8 .'8s9
"'20'. 00 O~QI :-Ú~U; :;4.00 • S6 ~~,‘ ;a.12
时,
ιP丘"~扫再起草.. 四 •' '";0 III
• ""52 14.) ! s t> ,.,否1!

6飞, C~, ?:副主Z 24 , 岳。 •s S!i: ζ49 ?回 6-1"9 2筝7,,2$3
54 219 .., Cl:. lS.ns
币'幢 cror ?二'" 12..00 制S ~ii
'' s< "1 eτ6 .辛辛 笆,回。
"1.~汩 C胃~~ 幸2.00 31 在 3军 2.7抽
(IP-i旦".陪$1.<附

。呻 O?国!"Ui5 $4.(ltI • ",'‘ ., m n9 7, \目
"a "。 钮,;3、s
". 币用自DS $2 . 0~ 52 . , 10 . ~4~
$6.(!O s.: S 弯。
四'"出B提起 :>2. 00 ,.. 、"号 22, 41,"5,
~ Mlt~;S 4宅 ' Go S?; 21),1)
$:.哥哥

。在!!l ?I>>.:i $t.~o 'a .0 h ll . ., 监2 l ' , H$
0." C军~~ P"J.'S •• .". ".,。 .n 19S :.~ '衔,
~~ .OO '3 l宅' 。 41: 75。 12, 125
""耐 0 ..;;."11日:n;;:s. 122
32 .(1(1 m
'$.00 O!'Z到咒u'iæ S.l.OO

"雹'," CS'm 1"'~ "且..岳 •• '. '"面 41 $10 i72 '.S制'
军2.C~ .? ε。 $脚 6出 64,.5,。
~..~ "'吹l!'. I"町;; 导$24 .曲 §9 5'* l-1.eu
C~ 阻由 ~.QO ,
01-1.....托;::.;τ: s 言' 65 ':.11 ë$5 1l.OIÎ!\

缸' 。同曰 ?VJS. ~".CO ' .. '"::2 酷
'电 在2 , . !()1 !i 1),' 2'
'C万II.U"U or~1 ?U古 '$2.00
101& .!U!j 14, '''0
曲目 击'"酋 $2 .00
"r.'‘ . " 'Ì.$4 悟'
æ~ 旦出飞.IS $4.00 fí ,., ~, '1llt 1, J ,r;\j
' " ...s 毛主 却
C且 CPe'; PWS '~.OQ; • "s ,., 章。
c!'四 RSS$$2.63 ,;<3 m
.. OP!N ~1:S. $1.白白 §罗 5<0
$10.帽 '.9 ., ;u 15.2!S
CY<<"-C 阻击嚣手..白 31 <1 10U
••'‘ 革 '曲 ~s.; ll, Sit

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J"l"0咽. eo 0.自品,. M!:回:5 ~ 2 .QO •' .0 35 H回 12立 l , 310
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1;J .oo

251



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G.? QlI~ l't..mI 2.0' '!10 • ..ôl)~ 101 ~ 201 s~ • "净
Il? 10 '!!(s. 173 11..,"臼1电"
!D "æ"-"ll'UZl~$ ' 宝" 国龟 2誓' S . ..,....
.,.剧院.uu. 16 亏百万 二王军
拥 军:C; ,s 5'9 ,.. ,但
l JJ
2舶 =

军:-':J> 。由qpt出 20πa , ,亭, 1~5 216 lS9 G.'喜
1。 妇也 ,,.5毛 nð
国.. ""剧 FEZ理 '• ,.55 1禽3 m 口,但'7‘.,-,
10 '1'10; "0 2:1R
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:!(I 'r丑, 注
""'" ~陀电S

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• τ‘ 主旦 ?'!)
Il? 。Ii't n Plt'$ 二9 喧嚣:s "s 日 言雹 ,目 13i巳 "事
2Ç 回'CC!",!)U5 l~ ~ ',1"更

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G捶 也n剖 :or/!! 2'i) '!'1CS '.19I 5; 77 175 13$
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""'" 咀嚼~ i"'rIJS 1(1 '!'!<骂 3日 4U
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" J11 te
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:3 '"舍 !Z5 ..I."="
t.æ> 宿ez zpga3 1" rτ<s
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言~ ~".Dl属 20 fiCS

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10 T京2
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OJ!副且n. ::1Ji 20 !'!CS ' •• ""6j 1盯住 J9J
..G吕 <>1ft,阿m;s 摇 71J
20 苦孩23 271 :~、 a
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• ,.,$ :.~
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. .回''''''写 , ••盟 E l.ll孟
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3日 :!--55- !...~
• ., ,. .., 毛,.
1. 钊、,

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苦苦
CPm~ I!) ~ 量。 主面 l.u!:
出 cr.旦旦DlS !O~_CS
!舍 r__cs 圭辜 23 ‘。2 髦矗 豆, z1T<'
悻a
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= 刷品'Rns 1ze ECS 52 去' '''1 267 忡'
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悍即 ., 'l'!C骂 21t m 1,3,7向态2,·
'0
Öo"'m M"nr..tl 10 甘坦白但 17。
• " II '11 ~ ()<I 飞.
20

2SS

)IA民 KLT

ANALYTIC.S

L1'.1: c;,'rn~ αAP 1,.,0 - lS费2

DIn/j:;!:.t. 酬。.咽' fi.."1;:Ø

m!:!!且L1主L二主军!.'!' 肯A哇 且!!L 羽田 ':".~. tr.6S
阳 sggs , ‘m C萝~军.:.s 剖 MS.
2国
?:"...w C旦~ :~ i:S

‘..n CP!:~~ 2S Y;S.
"O币~~ 剖,四.
$毛毛 2ii 且 @ $ 2ε. s .!!..t

052 在 , K罗£ lO.5i2
4国 全 M, Hτ 二1. 9'7$

mmmm 'ha ""。~' 雪骂骂 萃" G,'11

。ffll ?;臼延s 42'4$36牟' 46 1.3, 324
6
ua0>量1 是 立巳毛毯 19.11'守a

g m。~UI 统.!Nll';
H 坦 1: 9
r刊岛E 白
剧 29 2oaz7

2 IG3
l 电 1e2
目2 174 ' . 吨~~
l1
3且

er FP- m .,.萨市­ s u惜.,呐吨a 1M 332 mm 制 If.
-毒 冒 '49
ι ""到 三二亭 Z5 $ l i&l H m l., U~
5 旦 筝,τ目
..-、 " 。民:Y :二二S 25 i'霄. n ,••,?民 3白
~tm萄S n- sss 62 3白2 4, M)
" G~ 旦出5 相 F目. 52 112 2a2e2
脚 ζL"~ ?l'Ã去s 自且.. a2a5 'l4•"•' 2· 揭 1.""
g喃自B 2出
印 OP!!{ M岳阳 "凹S. 8.'72
。在自 陆挝os sangg 61431 l ·7· 8 i16'2$7$231
25p言~. 3 ',苔 .0步'
m ."0
50 i'rS. 44 峰 1"
四 由咀~ rú罚s ,‘r 6 111
" O:~ ;;:w s mmmm e, ‘‘1.' 8
w 171
乱。 OI!~ Þ'.I!\'t怠 霄 m. , 151 l . . lJ
。~e;只~G 、 2. 107
ä Y."l. m 工.lS 1.1$'
骂 ~ 空军m az--"s 目 曲F m出 119
m!!; >'tl.iS s.2S r回­ " ‘S..气相抽.‘.
G段恋' 立E汇S ?市. "。扭 四 " 1.'咱
e.."':>!S c:飞髦 扭
"。

2号9



立吃甜甜G!.J>宵70 - :.~幅

m.oes-m.:.职,,/.ζU:. ‘)!' ""荡3

业. (sì \i-县里 A、τ. >I'!查, λ00. lr.& S享注定τ雪

盹' 目 e生豆:. PU,G 10 CZ比1 ,,‘···h e ,23$ $ 霄, a3e33e02256
。在Qi ñlJ$
S æ:π$ ‘,.gs -e·· s 2·29 事 军 3 .11;

". ‘ ,,,.5··s, $26 ,., U t. 4 fi:l
‘‘‘"'s 39
""主a 筑工双那 s c::二\'1'S 6Z-;!l睛

ue 时且 ~'!$ 10 c:!.、叮专 d 。, m

'"雪x iLU$ 10 cr毛~1Q "o 1毛主 缸" 备, ns

α丐~;U后 ! c白z 2.17 s ,押 豆,62·
白 lôi 自J睛
G7目提L、,... S~革 "H囊 回
日 9 i a7
e苦岳喝 ""旬, 10 Q:;π弓 ,.~

ω 'sseR ··3 ·2-ss- ....1115 ...3,.7.' 岛山 市
帽, 。u h 甜
回 G~ ?!.cs tG CE1ë'.i 882· ,36 9,u 目2 m叫 础
回 1)::;:.: ñ JJS ! a:π事 ‘g ...,'"'."",8. H
α男:nm螺Il 辜c::=:ms
,. ,2 l
w ‘百Fg三Z 伺"'''' !ð Ø每当S 'm.' .5:,,"U3阳 1'7
m C~号 PU泪' 10 CEl.:'!S ,,,•'.ae 7 52
但②1 !-"u沼 MHAVZ ..白..,
S 亿盔'怎 6
ω :.æa:~'\t x黯乱"
:r$ 3 ,·3 立, 175-
-1.,1"
居西 ,型瞄 2。号已τs

脚 10 c;;:::哩s enggs 3$32e0e 2'e17zga ,2 - 10 ,iO~
四 0:;::寄, " ' " H 4Q 2s,-
C冒出l'1OO ;CE白宫 , '7, .g 1%
" Cf'iV. 只5飞1$ 5<:!::、:r~ 2日2 ‘ ,
etr~ 艳。可S 1ô æ、寸s 2 5 ".给 筐 。 -32. " 雷
146S , 9
击,。白
‘'g a。,
1 ,击蛐
也飞, 。飞2、'"ιs 14 ~ ‘....sseB E-aa3- z6ggIIJ2 lClS
α百到圣;'Ul.'C , '"12::11 U2' 1,312
由扮 S C!:1l'S 33 3 ,i 61
e引'!. 悄而回 5 0':\"lS 目$ : ,tiSO
u 1.0 c:!'罚3 , "自
IXO~ Mn也嗨 116
10 c巳霄 -··6·..gsss
" $265 B。 粤u S.,剖
四 C织~ "-..o;:l S O'安3 E

•.,:....:.~ ;-~ :i G l?J ao ‘ .ns--,毛 sll 辜.,. 100

抽 O臣E:f !'UMJI t l) c!l也忘 i‘l气、 ~.02S
C>:?Ð唱法豆附""
li!

刊 2? 3
恤, r;.:oηi P!J.1:J 立。 己时'" ". "",拿N 号 1190 llSl l~.-$剧
H叫 ,
鼠"" CP!N旦<" s ø骨」 3 到 - 萃 m。 6呻 ;,3 i2
C往2后,每霄111 a,。
目 C?l.~- ~移 s a::::!'军 ...‘••• 2帽' !.. I;~

l\) ~-s 4 ,王?‘

2E O

- MARI豆Jn
A沁 AUTICS

口PTH丧口ST l\ND SPRING REVERSALS

Up急 h-rú~运乞 ia- <h是f!n会d ~S ~ pr ice ~OV~ above .a

p ~vo 也 top fo llo~Ñed by a ~j{ i de spr e,a d r~γe rs a l 乞。

the do-..ns j de tha乞 meeta f,ha fol~\l'Ñing crite-ria:

1) 1乞 c.loses bél O盲 the 乞wo þrev ious days'

clo~inga .

2) 'N飞~ c los(:- 1s bel0w t he piv。乞乞。p .

3) The c l ose 且s below the 。pe.ning

and t 'n e mid~盹range o f t t飞 e day

4) Tl国 d<:l i ly ca r.:;:re i -s grea毛er 寺~h窝"

the prêvious . dε Y'S r an~e.

D i a宫 rams o f f ! V9 乞 est e d v a ria 乞 ions are providéd.

Tb 主 s t ype of pr ice action imp1 ies tha毡

aggressive aopply ,- has Ql'飞也~rQd 也hè mE;rkét e nough to
sh if t 罚。 m e:.n 乞 um 击。mp l et ely . ln !'t10st ca.s e s n c ,,~

lôngR ~...terp. Q. oi二 eri罚 9 乞 he rna r'két ôn thEh: mOVf毫 .bo、传

毛ne p主vót top . The reversal pUi二S 乞坦eSê longs i~ .a

losing posi乞 iOn 乞hût êi thèr is hel d 10πg-te rm nr

1S li哇u.i ðated ov-e.r t he nex t day or sev,e ,ral day.s .
!o sOt!lé må :rkéts' i 乞 provi déS ~ very powerfu l bias

b。 也he d。背r!s ide over the next 宅Íl.ree day p,e rio.d .

I have 毛 as 也 ed 也h~ Bon4 ma rKe急 室 。 r th ! :'i 乞 y p-e

。f behavior and fou nd i t I!o produce rcstll t.s in

l in e wi乞h 乞he t. radi.tiona l conc句pt ?f ~n 1,lp乞h r .)$' 1;

as an 主 ndica tion 0'[ s u pply . 1)iagram 1 ói splays a

slmple uþ乞hrus乞 'N'here t h e rêversal o c c urs the day

a ft er t he pivo t -i6 form eð. The pivot t -op l S on

Day 3 in this casc an.d t.h e revers~l (up乞hrus乞) on

Day 1 _ The t e s t _ 'Ì<'I as for a s hort sale t aken on the
c loeeofTKy + 1an dexit键 d t h :rÊe dayg l a tec 00 乞 he

close (Exi t nQt -sþò""'D i n the di agr a rn). !l.l l t.est s

言'1ére during 乞hé pé.d , Od 'î978 t hru 1987 . Resul ts

; i-et'e as fol1oν" : 87怪乎'1i n n in号 T,=ade~. Xve rage

1吨 nner - $910iλ,verage Lose r - $6-25 . S t.opa ;;e r e

nôt uSèç3 . Eight. ocCllra饥cQ寄·

Diagrám 2 d 主 Sþ1气'ays a p ~v。乞 。n Da y 4 背i 也h 乞币。

intervêning <ìays 'be也"Jee-n t he piyo t anå the,

up.thrus t . Da y- 2 已。uld lia.ve 'been ab。γe the piyot
ulso bu急急h毡 ' rèVerS.l l oec u .rr ed- _Qn Day 1 . ::更~sul'也S

S1ri-a re令 l1 re l1 f ol lo.....s: 王 5% Winn'íng Trades; $8ó9

Av e rage S5A7 Average Loser on eleven occur~encea .

Nô t qu i 乞 é tlS g ô od as P忌也乞 êr n 1 bu 乞 i t i s a 1" ff i c u l 乞

乞。 dra . conc l 划 sions .about the indl 飞ri dua 1 pa t ter n$

because o f 电he inf r equen 电 。 c c ur.r e nce s.

p'at乞èrn 3 ( Di.ag ram 3) ::;.hov.'s 乞he p1v。乞 on Day

s: ...i t.h Daγ2 -and j 2 1-1。有ed t二。 va ry ûn'{'N'h e re in thé

pr上 ce pat tern. Ni t i1 the reve r-sal 。πDa}' 1 a nå a

sal e on t he close there '?I{ere 59S哥 \\'inn ing 1'r a d e e,

with ~906 - Ave rag赞 Winner a nd $941 A'le .rugé Loser

on $event二~en o ccur rènêêS.

261

MARK.E.T

Fa 乞乞ern- 4 . (Diasram 4) pl-aces 也he piv。宅 。n
Day 6. 70% .o.f tr.ades ~Ñere p r of i t ablê. • A' Yeraà~

riinr、 军z was $1 , 081t Aver-qe L。ser-$1 , 1920n30

。ccurrènces ,.

J>att e rn 5 (Diagram 5) displays some unu sual
res ul也 写· Tae pivot is ncv 。n bfRY 7. 主 prOfl乞~ble
trade o c curred 64% of t h e t 三me 0 0 a lon q pOõi t i on
毛aken on 乞he cJ.o~e rat~er 急han a shozt posibion-
!n othe乞布。rds ,乞he r ,esults 'reverse. This 到:as a
.l ôset二」363草。f '毛ñ.e t îrne on 3. .short sale ",'"ith A...er~ge
wins -at $-9 18 军nd AVe玄军ge. Losse~ a乞 $805.. on 14
OCCurrenc第s. This tes t sugqests tha t. 时苍白毛 吨 。u
moγe t OOi fàr ::1"..'ωy rro'C'l thê pi\o'。乞, .the va1 1di t;ï of
the reve'rsal a\'!d s姐pply i民dicεtions <i iminishe s --
~n6ugh 60 t ha t _YOu sh'OUld be aï.~a!'e o f a ltIove
poten乞1ðl agains宅 the ' Up乞hrus t wi t 'h.in t he n P.xt

t h re'e ' da:y s .

Jf the np乞hrus ~二第- t.h.-i章也 、 l&p.r e assoc: iated , ",'i急k
þivvt 'tops f r om Day ~. t-o 5 ðs indi cated in
Dia宫户户每 1 -,4 . RQsu! ts were as foll。曰: 56 'i'rados;
38 Wi nne.rs; 19 Losers for , 69% Profi 乞a cl e '!'raòes.

'i".)乞al Profl 己S: $3 5-, 988'; ' Tota l LOSSQs: $17 ,2'98.
A~.reraqe l'Ìiπner - $947. Aver~ge Loser- $961 .
Tot -al Gross Profi ts- - $ 18 , 690,. 'l"h esc are
reasona.b1è- n 'l sults conside事i ng 乞且a乞 etops 飞~'e:r= not

""每d anó. i t llas a 号 three -da'y' trade. !r. general .
ï,'hen sto.ps a r e used '!QS$F.~ v:i11. !"9nt妻王 n s malle-r-

斗阳, 00 a 已hr.êe day tjme span muc1). Cén happcm
aó:vorSély- to 也h.? 毛rade . '1'0 be .ölb le to conc!\lde,、

with 6 号目 acc-u t'a-cy 急hat 纪ha I!l!lrket \.:ill close b-G l。有
a 'Cert~in pr ice:_ level. 1n t his cci革.-9 the c10Se o f

the u p乞hrust、 proviåes somc i nteres-ting
op-po:r tuni ties .
.sever<:! l t h ings can be d one to eηhance t hese
resul!;s. P_r im事 ri ly an t.iclþating the upthr ust
be i ore i 也 happéns and enterinq th~ rnarket à乞 毛he

h三gh e 'nd òf 乞h~ upthrus乞 's pr ioe ran宫e 18 the bes也
-poF.:s'ibie 乞rade t-na.-t 6an be ma d F.. This 1s v he'r p.

much ô f rny -wor注 ha当 led me'; 乞ha乞 is , to
an t. i c fpâtinq rever$al$ 玄a tjl.er 也han '"tlai 毛 lng for

乞h坠" m to occ u r. Th1s;-- can be aCCOmplishéd ;.;1 th ari

utlde_rst<1hd in齿。 f' in l; r~day pricE! act i:on. Fcr this
ði 每cU$sion I o'T,; u 1d 1 ike ._t 'o cancon乞t'i1t'e simply on

乞he en乞ry Qr. ihe C10sé of the upthrus乞 T古e

ab$o l ute idea l ls' f() ,:" .:. th e l'rIar,ke t-宅。 gap lo"""er, t he

day a ft er êntry ,~nd 只ever ~radQ baçk to t he cnt'ry

1"勺 e 1 . This -provldes: itnmeði~吴te gratif, icil,tion :Ou t

is c~tremely c.a .n ,h In fac乞, i毛 is 到。re likêly

乞t;nt 乞h龟 nlarke也飞d11 ,éltteinpt to ~ally at some

polnt. t h a ó:ay fOl 101.ring 乞 he up ~hrust. If 乞he

market sho'Ñs 11乞乞le , or 罚。 momentum on t .he r a!ly

<!ttér:>pt anð a ~moYe 乞。 new L。被s fo r the revérsal

occur$. i 也 confirms the S'Upþly !nô .ica乞 ion. '!'he

忧。r:;;急 pÓ'$sible pr ic思 acti,on is a r ,.ùly taking the

主革 2

M ;飞时'也r.T
ANA1.ï11'毛主F

-

•- Ll
l ι-

43 2 1
2

-

•-

5 Lt 3 2 1

~63

M.'\R队E1'

A~守 A L\'T ICS

3

6 5 ___4 3 2 1

4

76 5 4 3 2 1

26 4

5

8 76 54 32



,zE BI E 且

w
c
c
c


te- ret巷 uzszps-Fa-us·i-rG2aiadaet尊-}?'aeefb-a俨giw-na---ho"z"vJusayzf-efrpAZGnei $·sa。-r S1ve$eah ed p-、 3·gp-o-eiz­萨c1eayeseewh‘em-u3) 。 "yeedehτ。 -w}--en 也un Ceo 。s dT"vearhigerB-d垒a。1 gv"vu-ase3te V"ia-画B han'饵乞 EbSae εnt r--o3S2。垒'。g eR8w29-1o·F·im"号。毫 1汇句-Zoa。ee M'p霄 d 。 y aese
全 In。 wanhnh
- s, r 。
。 } g a-
ne r m a
t o‘

Ve i 。

-
265

marke急 ba r.~ up- 飞h r.ou宣县 t h e m 1ã,- r~到f.1e of the
uptllrusi二 ìd.th a close a坠 OVé th i s are-a. Nhen 乞h is

.hapl'enSI 也h~ cnances for 茎 !l1QVQ' ~bove .t h e upthrus乞
!nc'rGase drë:!ma 乞 ically. 工n genera l , the 罚 id-rangë
of t.he upth~tl<5-t ahOU.lð not. bê 飞,.1ô1-3.乞ed l:I' Y, 'a ny
r al l }' . L.ogicalJy. thj.$ implies. 乞ha乞 bhe 1olrl~e-r t.he

closc , 1n the bar ' of th~ upth:r us之 1 the bét乞E!r t he

C~i) nce thf:l t 主 t ,,~il1 reroaio' bél~:.... the rnid-ran宫e
宅he'reεf 乞 er. In t :radé:ly ;r,on ì 急 。 rin_g of 乞he pó ~ i tion

t h,e. ó'ay cr da'l" s aftêr en乞 ry 军事hou l d he lþ glve
early èluéS 毛Ò thè \'a .1.i ,d it;y of t he upt.hr~s乞.

The t-, p'~ t 霉。 on duc t e d in 乞 his tepor乞 00 1 7 ð ea l t.
with tllreé day 己'rad éS. price ac宅 i on s hO'U1d Öé

conai de ~ed when enterinq th i 8 t r ade . Po r
ins cþn ce , i f price gal's 1Q育Gr and 在g~ res~ i \'ely
nrc v-e s 乞 hrö \I,gh a p,rev ious l y ‘es 乞 abl !sh éå t r ading

rangê 10. or pivot二 boi二 tQm of consequencé , 。
þê con:s i d~reð,
豆。 ng~ r- te r:m 急t' ad E'<:军 hnu 1 d

Occassion芸 111 I upth rusts pr.êCé咀Ê majQ C moves 1n
tbé di rec毡100 of 乞he r eve r l'5al espe'cial ly if ".a
c::: lea 交事re事。f di st.ribu t ion has occ urred prio( to

乞 he llP 乞lìru s.t. •

I t s h6uld be noted tha乞 'not a11 mar kets
-d isplay th毡, ..s ys 毛è-ma乞 ic SUCce~s t )1æt .t ile Dond主 d1d .
! n [ ac t I sales on upthrus t s üγ 乞he $+P_ --market

p roduceõ ~ profi毛ablê bt町 if e ntered on the C10Sé、
73% o-C t'Ï1e t i m.e ò u'r i119 t.he l'eriod:- 1 982 thru 19'B8 .
'fh is refléC乞s i二he upwaxd bi a s pze $871t thr。ugt飞 '也h<>

tes-t per io.d bu t 'oÞs,erv景 也10n sugges 乞's- th费怎 eacl1
llla左手te~二 has- 1乞S o-wn cha rac乞e r ë'\nå s hOUld "be-

cons' id p. ;ad s~J?~ra.tely.. Tests on Cat乞 le 建 ug~毛,e~t
tha 号恕。YCS 乞ake m。玄e 毛 itne t o deve'lop a -f-te r 乞he
uptñ玄us t t.han in most ma r kets , but i乞 geilé,rε 1 m.a ny

刽ajo:t' h1ghs òlrê !l::SOCiå也eå 、1乞h this pa t tern.

The necessity t .o observe pr10r c tê:':, ion after
the upthrl)~t cannot be over-e_mphasi ze'ó'. A ke~n
u口d~rs乞andln雷 Ò'f. -price açt i on. i s impera tiγe.

Sy_;.;乞食阴atic ~'n t'τy on this indica也 ion s hOUl d be

avoi dêd on a 苗a i ly ba r ind i C<:I 乞ion . Some

int eresting. r e s u). tß can be a t taineó on the
i抗乞raåê!y bê!~ char宅s .(hourly , nalf- höur ) b.u乞 E!'\'en

.t here a ra l1y at tempt i n the bar fmmediat-e ly
fo l l。首 i,!l9 f(he upthrus乞 i& 1 i.k,e l .'f p r oviding, a much
bet ter 贷 ntry tha 白 令 t ñ将 c!cse o f t.he uþ,t二 hr u s 乞-
The s prlng i5 exactly 毛 hé s tl.恕 e as 乞 hè

u9thrw事t but 有三 th oppo::t i ,te . P?lr.-ameter s . À Spr in,g

i s dG>f !nçq' as , a pri C'c move t二hàt c-a r ries belo'" a
'pivôt b o乞' tOln 乞 h. 乞 i s f Ol. lo.tléÒ bγ a 习d åe电 局 pr e ad

revars 三 1 àa.y t hat mee t s t he .f Ollowing c,r !毛I2r l.a ~

1 ) 'l'õe 乞'''0 preViO\lS clos ings a re c 1ose.d
abOVé;

2) 1\he 'close' i -5 ab.oγ再 th罚 。ivot bot t om.
3) Tila c 1'。每告 ia abo've, -.t n e 。pening 号走到d
m!d- range of the dav.

7.(;&

离fARKET
ANAL'ITH二::$

4) The ðai l γ ~ange is greator 乞兑a:n 仨he
prev.i-ous d.ay ' S L"ang'è.

This 也 yp~ o f þricê action imp ! i e~ 乞h.at .g古ress 三Vê

dém<lnd { 'buying} has 'en乞ered t he ruarket On 乞ne move

乞。 nC lI' low$. Th.Ei: .:s' ubseq 飞.l e nt re v~ rs al léayés a

sign i: fic- a罚 t nurnber o f ne司'i" shorts t二rapped n e::low the

pivot oot t om. Ah Updérs专~a, r苦di 罚g of med飞an1cal

sv ing 乞r:aQ i ng m 域~f;. hods ,,:1 11 help ona visu? l iz-!"! 乞 ll e

typc 0王 par急 !ciþan 乞 s tha 乞 a r:e crapped bCl 。可乞be
for by i t .s + nature", swing 乞rading ",i1J
p1vo乞;

promp 也 new sales as a plvo 乞 bo乞 tCm i 穰 penetra t:. ed.

'lthis _ is 乞 heν。 r,事 t entty and 龟 ra<l e loca 急 10n ln 乞 he

bu.s.inE!s~. '!<:?sts 何èr,é conducted 1)n t h e Spring

Re飞;rersal that '"钝 r~ !5.irnilar t o tne U'þt,hrust l:!ut in

revers e. λl 。早 9 1) os ! 乞 io n wa s DaS u m~d on th f电 c l oe e

。王 the Spring ;:!nd e x:i. te'd in I;h re~ ð ays. Stoþs

'rle,re nQt \lsed and 'pric_e 画ata f-or 乞he teets was [or
急he þ êrioå 197f1 thru 1987 ,

Pa'ttern' ~ , (Dlagram 6.) ( shows - ~ Spr. in宫。n f.'>震y

! wH二 h a pivo也 bo l>to缆。n J)ay 3 , Resul 也~ on zi. 10ng

pO:5 i t i on ~t7erc 44~毛 wi nni pg Tr.adê~; Ave 艺age ~.n nn p. r -

丰 1 , 55~ i 且véragé LOsèr - ~a81 00 CJ occurrenc~s.

Pat t'ern 7 , (Diagram 7) wi乞h 乞he pivot k'ottom
。n Day 4 p玄。duc'ed 7-1% \\Tinninq Trades ' wi,th A.veragè:

)'li nn:镜r - $L 318 and A\1"Cragè Lo篇èr - ~S43 ón 7.

occurréhcèa.

,Pat在ern S (Diagram 8) 'Mi, th t.hQ pivot 0罚 T)~Jï

5 produC'ed 4 2.% w1nning Tr~dés V'i t.h ,~Yerage- vlinner

- $451 and Aver a ge' Lose立- '$38 3 on 12 ôccurrencea.

!'a急也ern, 9 , (Dlagra回 9) px:od "c~d4 S% 树inning

-Trade$ ,o'Ît.h l~vera 百e ~linner ., $'1, 335 and A\'erag畏

LOSêr - $1 ,2-80 on ' 2'3 occ u r rences , Tota l Cros-s

P ~ ofi 乞 was $6'8 宜 。ve r 也ho pe 主. 1od.

To 111us 乞 r~乞 e 乞 he poin 急 事 bo n t s \l:bseque-n乞

price actioπ to 也he. Upth玄议,st and spr ing , â 乞est

育事$ run 千 。 n, Pa t-乞 ern ' 9 "..1 乞且 a stop 1 ,t j c belo飞'Ñ t-he

m1d-range óf tft-e" Sp~ing d震r . j'i i nning '!'ra<'ies

d玄。pped to 35揭 bLftλvera'ge ~o'linner绽百e re 平 i , 355i

t he same as -without a stop. Aver~ge LO$Srs we;re

Z铠 du,ced to $53-9 per 乞 radd , 'l'his l~ft a + 丰 2 , 7 47

恕et ?rófit.

I t i s- -a pparen1;. tna巴 Crom 毛he r~sults of the
tea t s on spring.s tha 乞 systèma乞 i c 乞 r<) des on' 乞h 我

sprin宫 d ?t y ' s cl,os~ car::' be ' e.ang~电 rous ' Tra ó.e

location can be im;?roV'eë drarna乞 ic诅 lly ó Vér this

t Yþe of ~n~.ry , 'T'h i,s dO'es no t invalida乞e 乞1、c

Spring as a legH二 !m~te mean匀。 f a s s-es.5 l:l)g t'he

marke宅 ' $ c ondition , ! n fac乞, i t h!ghl ig,hi二s 乞be

necess 卫 ty 乞。 us e: i 乞 for tha 乞 pli rp ose a .t one and no t
as a .$ VS 乞 e部 .

oos e-ua -t ex-'i'hè c在mulative

f ollo Trls :' 25 wi-nners

-Profi l::s - 丰舌9 , 7古5.
awdhvhsLo仙也 PXTOS兑霞 qI,
to 20POA-- 2侵旧 、 1 g assasdγ-
aL
an Td e
o
&tw 04suv-FMV

胃b n

。 乞a UP 。-MJ s 。s e ‘ 吭, 电d e -
浴 ‘ a

'

267



MA民呆在T

^ NAL\' TICS

8

21

生5 432
ilaoci·"' r- , -- -S

m·o.E

,. .‘ .• · - e.F
·}hqa-Z

.a··e

‘ ,-s-ξ
E 现 tiEseaswt-ygagaz--pa-$e-r§··1"-·o。,.宫·e 1-a"eEa'1e·rsgr-"atae-a--·t-,gv,a'e§rd"·ybe·'jaaze量 £ C a Mwe州'。 v e zss'h'r-。'"·--s··-Ez·aVe·e-Fu俨俨-eSm‘ 时. '$3Z ·erJzaE3eb-ngytes。 6MaεYe '垒11 y3 辈。rRtne-Is民e ·ee·VstEoE-taSbeedg,S-,钮--e,b -s。­e ss.。 t .‘eh
· ·· T e ··。 a
' · 拿 b p 在 e EVE
" - 呈 o
。 ·· e -u 。 -
} e e 。 。 h·
s ­ r 先 1-
a f-- 2 ‘-
‘ e
see 罚

269

MAR总.ET

ANALYTICS

λV传 r aq~聋 tvlnn e-r -丰 1, 190. 主.vorage Loser .. $8,32 .

To t-al Gr .osa Profits 011 5 1 tr怠de~ +$5-, 6 07 ; 49j丢

Wi nn i ng Trades.
1 1二 s h O\tl d be me'n tio罚 ad t h at th e写 e te哥,也窍

r-cprc- sen乞旧附 p,oe$;lbl.e 乞'ypee C)f Sp r.i nga!Upt.hr:四"

ond 乞 hêy al1 主 nclude p r ic e aboye 毛he pi vo t- on tJl e

day o f .an upthn~si二iJ nd pr \ ce .be!oìô the pivot on

乞hé day q f a SQr ing. This l eaves CU.也 乞he

pcssib i l i 也 y r 。玄 a g~p d~ y t hat õ oes not t rade

b cyonQ the pivot. Al~O 会xcludéd ~re pi vot三是 more

吨an six ~ ays bac没f.r.om t.o P. r eve r sal', 'Mi:e 。 协 e r.

ínphe r: om e oon. 乞 ha 乞 i s n。也 inc lu<i e d :: the case o Ë

m1l1tiple_' :pivota- in 也hê vlelni乞y Of 乞hê rêVe l'sal .

F'o r-乞he purposc s of demoηs trati on 1 have u.se击 j ust

乞h,ê~e b"as ic. pa l; te~ns. 'f'h'e r esu! t s ~"i !l 'no.t be

何ffac急ed drama tî cal ly . An'o乞 her 2.0骂- 30% more

traqes OCCtl~ i f "thése parame t ers arê added 乞o t h è

eXlstin.g criteri a. 'T"nis is n。乞 necl'有s,sar.y ' for 罚γ

purpose ,叶、ich 1s t o demon$t ra t e the nature ' o f

Si:: r-ing 指 nd .up卢 hru:;: 乞 I h'a ve 黯ad <> i 乞 c2~ar that, i t

!s n。毛 a. recornmenò F. d ‘捂e.a, ns f or t r ad ;ì ng

SY.乞军matica l1y off thll dà! ly cha..c乞.

270

M:\RKET

ANALYTta;

RUt.L l\ND : SBAR ROOK D.也.YS

,In ~Opening' Range Breakou乞 1 of Béa r Hook ..a s

men 也 ioned as. ð V~l id pred~ce.ssor cf 'l'rend Day

action. 1n t l1i s repor毛c:ompu乞 er tes t s are

prc飞lidè_d to Õ.,急e;min e t he. val !d.l t t o 'f thi.s

丧8雹ump飞主。旦 Bear 去。ok l.s aèf i-ned a.s a day i .n

c.wh ich 乞he o pe n is b.e lo、. t h e pre亨i ous åay ' εloy and

乞 he c 1.-ose is abov t 1)e préviou 运 da y l 每 cl 。 军 e Ì'~I fth a

narr。苦 !'~nqe rela 乞 ive to the prcvi.o现s day . As-

impl i e <ì by the riame tl飞~r(' is .l tên? e r:tcy for t:he
p,r1Cê' a c t ion fol l 。双..ing a .Bear Hook 't。郎。ve .t.c the

d Olme iõ.e .

To te.s乞 t he p严毛乞edl 黑n Opening Range 3reaJ;:out

't/.as t a k~电 n t.be d a y a 王急 e :r: 乞 ha pa 乞乞 ern . To re~i e ~1

ORB' i s dêfined ae a ' t t:a d a t:aken at . a predQ急c-!'m1ned

a.rnount ab。飞吧 。玄 。c10\l the o pè ning r我 nge. Ta ble A
displ 垒y"毛he r esul ts fòr 毡h.e Bea.r HOOk da ì' •

Resu l t s clearl.y sho ::t1''''' do....n'Jarõ t.endency a fter 也ne
pat二乞é.!'n . Thi!; ' ia indi cated by 13 o f t.he 16

p。何 ible t.e s l!.s 挝、。w士ng a s profi t3 b-J.e $a l es. . . 'fhe

Eonà ' mar.ke乞 is par乞 iCU~3τ]. y concl u s i v c ~"ri 忘且 h 1!;rh

pe宵cEmtagè s a.les' on ruõv e s .be loloi ëJ n'd 泣bove t he

o pen.

B'电 ar 1l0ok 岳ay s h ã'/ G p ro v i冶 èd clea-.l;e r

ind!cations 忌han Eoll Hòok, ð ays i o gencral. !
..il.1, provi<ie re's矶1 ts fo r Dull Hoo k nèx乞 CF1aptex ­

! t mus也 b e po1nt二舍d O\lt 也hat. i n 急he !ï r-s t ch电pter

。 f t二hé boo1< no men 也 i on .was ma de 、.Öf 乞hc 乞end enc y. o-f

the mar.ket 乞o mOVé i r. One õ j, re'ct: f on ãfter、 the

pa乞tern. But it is clear from these resuJ.急出 'that

thè pa毛ter民 1.s ηot Yõ, l id for a bi.ly dl rectional

t r a ðe an<i. ShOtl1-d be only pursU's-d to 乞he d.Q."n:; i de .

Ç)ne except ion 1s 1n thé C2!事e of a g表 p ,交bove tno-

Bea r Hook èú'( wi 乞h a mr..ve above 乞he open and 乞he

abi li乞y o( t h e. ma r比e乞乞。 ho~d t .ti;;; gap_ thru

mid- sesslon.

ACEa x 乞 is þ r<)v~d~.d ~hQ w i ng Bear Hook

pat terns fo'r 乞hè per,iod 8/15:- th r:u 11/4 in the Dec.
T. 3onds. 目。 tice pricQ a~t~on .un 乞hé. ð~y fol1oνin宫

th~ ~â乞毛e.rna and tne t e ndency f or t he mark'e乞 to

plac~穹 乞h e opp.n _.on 巳he htgh of 乞 ho da y .

In a furt斗her' Tevi岳飞.; of Tablé A 1 3 I!u.t 0': 16

poss'ible t!':;:de$ shô'weå pr0[i,table s a:l es. '!'he Sφp

m ar ke也 was t h e ' ori!y 到arket 乞 ha t ~ how ed Gro$s

Pr0fitS: lli gh enough on t he buy s id.a乞。 cons iåèr D.

t rade. '1'his occurred 'ber;:riu每e "育 tlle 也remendous
b ias throl.l宫ho飞毛乞 thc- 乞(?st- peri 'oè .
upwar d
Ot-her育立se , thc only ot.h c-r mar,Xet 乞o shov buv .".-;19

Ca t t.l e on 己hè ope n plUS 5C!, pòin乞怠~.JQte. Gr.05S

Pro f i t s 飞,~ere on l y 丰 8 .0宅 nough . Th!s i .s n

ph忌nÔlUenal result φ Crosa çur r e n t s are at wo r. k



271

her Q aod ahould be notQd . In general, 00 any
given day 屯he '"εrke乞 tênðe to cor、也 !nue in the s a.. e
dlraction .s its ini乞ìal 恼。ve off the open. Given
no 。也hQr lnfo 口写军乞 i 。罚 。乞hGr 乞 h.n the oPQn a nd t ho
init ial 粉。ve off 急he opan. one s hould assumQ

continu.tion. On 乞he oth e r hand , the 草ear Ho。这

c l e arly d.ocs not support this genaral conc,"þ急 1n

,fac乞, i t l$u9geSt s 乞he eXac也。ppos1ta. This 1s

cssent1al know!eóge . Kno fladg e of t.he Qxcepi二 ion
tQ a generðl ru le êèn help tho 也r~ der save money.
This obviøUB contradlct1on to thè g eneral
princJ ple oC intraday 乞rending provide写 an i dêa
(or tuturc tostlng . There aro ~Or.陪 types o f price
ac t10n th.t二 。ccur that do n。乞 favor a
bi-óirectlonal ORB . Iõolating thie type 。军 p.:ice
ac~ion vlll dO ouch to increasQ ones undcrs乞andlng
of the lIIarket .

In summary , USê Bear Ho。比 Oays =or Opening

Ral1置。 BrQ~kout to tha dovn.ide. Thi s pa毛te:n
p rovid es another reference and ti l乞er to tne ORB

也echn1qua . 飞而 an t raðing , 1n genera l , do not 90

aga inet " hi gh p er:c entage b1as. espécial1y when
that blo. 掬 150 f avors the in也arm帽dia te t erm t r end.

272

MAR民ET
ANA I:毛1'J'10

直在B K CORB

·
·
·

··
·
·
ψ《

·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·

, ,J ~ly da 's
narrow
..,'.close
111 'IlÎl‘ ch tnr op. n t bo1cw the ,~:守 ictl$
IS .也O~~ the pr..lous
(Ios ~ . ! : ~萄

273

~tARKET
ANAL'\'TICS

mG;.~绍 :将忘 在AhGf RP:f .å_Xfi '11 i

主运且监草工

可 2描 Il(lSS

组ι且且 单立丰坐主 兰旦~ .' 旦豆豆 p~nn!

望盟主 OP::柑悦目 1.6. liεs 5 a ,7 81Z S13 1. 31 号: i ,459
OPEII F1.!!S S i1CS ; .5-9:
s 2~ 由 355 652 ~: 飞
O?E!. J1!Hót!S 8 τ Its 7 ,5:才,.
e 30 70 ! 2_S ,., Z" Si~ !
,,~.!.鸣视 τ 怪。5 ,. τ 1C'5 ,4,0 3
v 17 85 440 125 3.'52: ;

s

立丰主 Of'HI 纯时 I~O ?TS 3 5 : .1) 2151) :目 12 .9~ : a 6.'/9$'
20 ~τ. s
ù?::lf ?lll、 1皇 11 55 ;J 91 S4{1 !.. Og:l 6 .~~3

>j?EH 钊UI!lS .50 ?T5. 3 15 1& 7(1\) 1 ~1j珍 . 55: l 2 ‘ 830

、ePE蛇"'何与S lõO. ?TS. 5 1~ M ì21 吕 立 .2~: 1 。

~且, 呈 iJ?EU l'LUS ]., CE>'1TS s 4:1 企., 315 1.52: 1 ~6?
\)?w rws ~ .cE民IS "ε 291 2. 2-$ :1 三.3:2$
3 "2e 510 15S 3.2 : 1 ~ .$SO
Ð?E."I tW,!t) 1(1 CErli$ :'i.O 31t 1.5 : 1 1.2回
s 2Q 60
t-?CH HHil咯l S ':E民TS 幢
s " 62
1.Sa4
2旦王三 。?r~1 ?LU$. 50 ?τ5. 6 ,. 且 盹 92 .58 : 1
1.9 2'3
01'目 'L耶 25 :?T:i. s " n;.~ 1咀 jk15:1
2.5 P1S s ,. 6:' 2回 167 1. 1~ :1 1 .S树
N':lì )\!将us
5v PTS $ 1& ! l 15" 12'1 1. 25 、i
Ol'z,:捐 凰[t;tl$

1. 74

MAR且ET
AN电 ALYτlCS

1 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 14 21 28
Al得 Sep Oct
树。v E30

忖N
W忖 r
u
中叫 u
M

275

MA民 KET
ANAI 、lï J ('..,

BUlL HOOK DAYS

Bul l 1I00k ;. d. f1 ned. s a day 10 .hich the

open is ~bovt ths pr evious dayls h1gh ðnd the

cl05哇 is below t Þ. e p俨fvious d 主 y's elosc with ð

nðrr~wi n9 rangc. The Sul1 Ilook , as suggGsted by

its na me. 1$ s aî d t o be a 坠') 11 主 s h 1nd l ea t ion ðll d

i n mos t cðses \.ti l l be f ol1owe-d by a nlOVC t (l the

ups l ó e t ~e d.y or d 每y 筝 fo 11 O"J!的 9 the ' Iook. As yo u

1<111 50. by t he tes t s 俨υn i n t013 report~ t h i s IS

not ðlways the cξ 王e .

To test this pattern a t~ðde i 宰 taken on an

Openlng Range Breakout th. day followlng tho 8ull

Kook. Openlng ~.;n号 妻 S 俨..kout ; s d.rlned 悬. •

trðde takøn at a prpdftermi nod amo~nt 毒 bO \l 2 or

ba l ow t h e opøn. The TQs ul ts o f t ll 毛到 t~st a re

$hown i n t l' é Tabl o erit 1tled , 'Ißul 1 Hook Day".
Thi. r.b le 今shows ð bis 5 to th9υ ps i dε 在 fter

the pHte 俨 n. El ght ovt o( 16 tr.ð..ωere

profltable .$ buy宰 . ïha IlOS ‘ conclustv8εvid ence
Of an upwarò bias a fter the 8ul1 坷。ok 1. the

,amount of Gross Pro f its thðt ~毫 俨e accurnulatε d on

th e buy si de ~30 , 0 5 1 Ofl eh. 坠 u y s alld $7 , 354 Ol)
thc sales . Cle ð l' l y t h 1s demons t t'atQS on upwat'd

b la s af t er the p3 t t a 俨内

Jh~ Sear Ilook s howed c Ulnl1 1 at ive nrof1t s fo 俨

!1 1 rnar ke t s ðt S41 , ï6ß 0" the s 々 11 s i d c and
$13 , 728 on th. buy s\de. Ä 画 it Qore convincinç

bias whe n coapare å to th F. 8ul1 Hool. When you

exclude the $iP fro~ these figures tnera ðre ooly

$480 i n proffts o n buy. aft.r ξ B s a '" K~o~.

Ob serva t 1on of markat ðc ti 。 衍 i $γ&Cumme"n dc"<i

a ftêr ei t her pðt tern. A qttlck mov e ( E ~ ,' ly f llt tγ)

10 t he d 1rect i on of the b i as Qff of thc op白 内 i s

th e i d' S' al . A llI ova o f th1 $ typ P. i.l gεlnst th e bias

wou lò 窑uQges t c ::u t 100. The Sui 1 Hook: ξi.o 1s

cnhanced whln th~ .ξF纱 et opens 1 。现er on the <!争y

follol< lng. Thls provldes groete r pot.nt Iξ1 ðnd

goe s alon? ~~th a natur~l i nc 1i nat1on cf th2

,ma 俨k et to fi 11 t he gap bQtll台 e' n th雪。p.n and 之 hc

prev ious da~'$ c lo5e . Ir I.he :105i n9 Jl "ce of t ll Q
I~ook Dey 15 tJle n t rξ dad co ntinu a t i on to the u p ~ t d~

1S li k-a ly .

!o gqneral) the 9\1 11 Hook did not displty tl1 e

Gonsl stency of the 王eðr Hook. Hevartheles 皇军 th=-

test r~sults provi~e enoush ev1dente of a

p俨舍 di-c在 ab le bias a ft er tllt 8ul1 Hook. Mðybe just

.,ðaneetctehgoiTSnaatrsheUeHεOW Jud+h11-uegt some.t 1ules t that is t Ql t t h 叠t: is

une-o- S医RbS int egr4 e d wi t h t"elld an d p~' ice
Id..l l" if trend i.
us. ful.

277

.. MARKJ.:: l

:\NA1.YTl('$ 幅幅,

up , th. Op.1I is 10..εr than the clo.. of the 8ull

抖。ok , .nd <arly En~ry õuylng occurs . ~ high
probaÞlllζy tr adεis provtde d. Als~~ If an
\rnport.nt Angle o f suppo 俨t is In the . ic\n i t y o f
t h is tYPI of pric e ~ ction con f tdentt i~ addad.

Anot ht r t hi ng t o co nsi der wh~n !sses sing t be
t rade i s 时l t'! ther a 1a 俨qe ßuyl09 Ex t rcflle h.d
oct urod 1n t he l oc a t i o内。 f t he ope n On . ny d ay

beforeh and. Qll i te -na t urê l 1y s uppo r t wil 1 corne
\nlo t he merket at t his pol nt .

,I t $llOu l d be nota d t ha t t his is one 0' th e

best re$ ul t cn b uys above t he OPQn that 1 ha va
Seen 1n tha Catt le Qar ket. 18S on a 2S poi n~ mOv e
a bove the op.nξfter a 8u11 Hook f$ extraordinary
~in/los. rðtlo .1.0 remðined r..sonably hlgh .

276

MARltF.T -
ANALYI ïCS



革丛且豆主坐

ðt.3 ,~量旦旦旦旦呈~凶ι旦旦旦豆豆豆豆军oia t'ra!'lT

军~ æ=:l牛1$ 1I~ u n、 SSl:ï ;$25 .6: l l ,n , cn
。l:el 吨. , ττ" 3n Ti;; l.嘻5 .; "" 1
"自i - 61雷鸣 "、, 统‘ .12 :孟 ‘
's 创 ;;110 . 13 : J且 钮 23
~I ~ l;TIG "琶 ‘"
主3 112
'" S19
'‘

主丰1. ~l 舍 A白白忌 。 "切 1'1J3 、 &伪 2 . 14 ; 1 筝 , 5'"
'"凹, 叮 剖 pn. õ 荡 "‘ '" ,;n II毛'
, 3•.u l 1. . Z,Q

。~1~ 1~(lt>'嚣. 但‘ "u ," ‘ .?J I 1. '"

领惧~ _ 1.6(1 1"1.'9. S 匀~t ..τs 2主Z L.J!! : 1 1,‘ "

!2:盘 α咄~ lO æ唱$ 主LO "电 3客2 主" 1.43 : 1 ."

~1.. sæn骂 S 1l $统 巳主 3∞ .n I 1 ! ,{jτ5
iS
""费. -军C!:mr s ' "'J毛 æ3 1.)4 .! '1 1,$6.
S ,
。re1 - 10 am3 "、 S~.J iSl l..B r l. T军T
II
=盖愣回 .30) ?!S. a "慧 l~$ ., 号 '-.. τ 1 且,?立2
" l~:;
α百'"‘~~雪白 。 " ,ε电 U1 l.n I 1 S,;r;)
!.H 1.U. ; 1
m .传回- ~; ;: " !iG\ ~2 1;13 飞(1' I 1. ~.OS~

æQ. - !.Q歹'$ , S. 6锐 l il. 1, lCl:

一___a且L μ锺皇之

.- 8UY

耳- OPE 叫

-SZLL?

z与 ~,击

m-Mmr

279

MARKE.ì

I<NAι.YTI('S

HlIRKET CO帽::BPTS lIND DEFINlTIONs

A出宜,盯fATION (i\CC) 15 协军用 tahljRh帽陷。[ ~ in:飞le5 tment o r
Sp<!叫l.ati 四pOal乞10::1 b y p:rofess !ona L 气 i. ntF. l;'es t;s i n

anticipat icn of an ãð四ncè in pri世.

ACrrhirY (国:tTIATIU;) - A<乞1vity is .initiati可 甜r. ot.h肝

ttrrε fr百情 buyers 暂'hen i t OCC\trS ab<出\re or ,.'1出in th~
previou.<..; ð坷 '5 四lue (S-ré也. Tt is、 fnitiatinq 扣r ot-I"le c- til市

主,r.;::me sellE".I.S'呻回 jt .occure b时啊 。r ":oii 怕iin 怯w previo\l.S

è:ay .s ' val回 arE!a.
J\CTIVπY (Ii(衷围在L I阳) (削 - [jcc.J.rs 飞~T,en 协a pion雪时同n g雪天 i 害

。α略目.sed of 出:2 f-1 is~巳 tiræ ~ rioè 。言 ~he firs也峙。 乞10冶

per.ioda.

&crr= (00回应. VA缸阻倒 OF OORM!\L国E 基豆豆豆i

(NV) - α咒泪J;S W如an the fi τ军t t i.lr鸣 。但ríc埠 。 军 th窍 fi. rst Þ....o

t缸但归riOds badC-乞。-ba.由 C四!priæ 5(取~6Q憾。f 出国 剖面ecr

range. ι

JUπV扫盲 (RBSPONSIVE1 - Activity is 白雪归nsi飞'.~e for 。比er

t. !n岳 fra>>:冶 ÖUyé rS世陆目前ì~量y aré respond!'nff 乞0 乞he marl也è t

created' opport四i ty oi lO"Gr prices, in o~lcr wordsJ price

t:é!O'tI oru1u窑 1乞 1$ !'éS民msive fOt" α甘治E 乞1.r.费 f ~a 1T'P. . sel l e I:Q
由韧 性飞町 are 臼sp<如di<lg to the 阳出矶。回t- cci 叩如rt.unity

cf h~gh~r þri~s , 扭。由自 时也啦 . pr抖舍~国喃喃 3 四.

主翌亘主 - ct line 'ext,<;>nðed .from .partic<J也r pivot 归ints ∞ a

bar c1强民皑白..an exac毡, p臼 dc t.e,t"rnine<l 51叩e for 出a ,p肚'þOSé

of anticipating price turni吨 pcints 回d 且由四ed to
appro汉1.毡te ooc:: illa乞i团出 over ,an~ u.". óé.r thé .ln-g1.e , ,)口 alogou笛

飞wi协 the 明白 te汇。f gra....i t.y in t.nt::叩押喃喃nt of 喝醉边dUl\:un.

x1 1 11延吕-节艳阳 i旧咛出gle ttY.)vi吨。随出11宅。r price by
vl)e - unit o( thrte. One unf t of time can 情栩栩~11 四 .fjvP.
mÜlUtes 缸l.d as !arqe as a :rrcnth or year. 白白 uni也 of price

胁。Uld ,"pprox5晴恒 fifty 昼。ll. 目前-ð cons i 拭 。f 归 e , 如~-::.) ,

f'our or eigï稳瞄且拥而\ _priæ cÞ.angt?s ( tlcs 刷出 '居是 C由眩,

. 025 , 前俨. . ) .节白相晴怎i.IMS 甲pears 前 3 <95 Õ呵 re'e

,S!ope but no乞 always. 世飞.c 1 x 1 Af.l(JIO is a cç:随国nt a只d

乞h~!'éfo)巳@ 令 slôçe -c Cin v~r~' C艳、 va:rio也 s ;O;c~led c击日 r乞主.

AærIONS (INITIM.} - <::吐 ab lish the n-费rke t 's i-ni 乞 ia l balan罚­

and ref!ect 址咀挝t:itude 。ε 白e day time f~aJ阳阳ader .

i\JJCl'IOH 'OOP - occu,rs 喃喃 the mar;怕也 (01J. qu ;ckly 剖咽.y f r:o佣

an a四tlon h~世, 1. Jt 1s-. tnd~:明植d b y- <J拍1.1 of ~üng1.f: prin乞s

whi由国制 tn.t 协§。由自时础 fratt冶 trad~.t'阳 & C(, 附严 U咱

for op幸。'rt\uli ties a毛岳飞at l:廷叮理 1 .

cAI7lt'HM'I R且LY (亘丑) - 1$ a 坦d四i且主 且出出d 乞M宅。cc出S
j us乞 ar专:e r a 5晦11inq clirnax USÚ:lÜy v是ry shor乞-ll VE::!tj bu乞

50πeti阳~ pr.。在uces J.叹ge mO\1l苦ι
1 -Jmro咀TIC, Rl!ACl'IO创 (l\Rl'
1s the opposlt会。 r ,au之时陋乞 ic

r a!ly -自由lrl:~l写 aftQr a buyi11g clima.x.

-亘里空豆豆i里1 i. ♂ 如c.i~i.ve r.òve 甘、 róygb íln i'l四<J of

出sistam且 or sUf)þqrt. OS旧lly charactC'rizcd by a 世dè

spreaå and clnse of 主.h.æ dily in 乞h晴.. . di r.ec乞i tJ~, of th经

bt军事l<out.

亘旦翌 - is a sudëcn 哗ansion of price ,or volulre.
α.nwc (回YJ:OOI (BC>- is a 运 i túation ci百ract的i 碍。 q.j t.ne

2B l

生IA 民 KF.T

ANAL\'TICS

h!g如肺t. in毡eneity of 5'阳c:ulati四 d剧anê occurri吨 时出in i!n
uptro叫 . u回ally a co咽poni ed by a (陆) daγ 缸咀 the highest.

vol\aDe reqis乞<ered 币ti注un tl幢叩t:re1d . 哇'l !s situ前 io."l oo1y

OCC\l帽 ~f乞er th9 !OCr四 has 恒酬 ln "Ueet 臼r- scrro t i)r,.e:! •
Thl& e ondit lon m.'1 r!喝 thft Q即,.road、 inq 国d 01 a 严l.rt lClll盯

uç也2阳lÒ.

α泪也x (5回=】 Isc】 - 1s a :sit.uati∞ charðct:.erizc到 by 出e

highcst int曲时 tr o! speculati回 SUWly occurrir.q v1出ln a

do."t盹时. 1.1oU.11扩甜ca即anied 峙 a (帽) cl可 3.d 吐10

hiqh"st vo 1.\.lll'岭 regi曲回国 世 thln tMe downtra耐 . 切u s

s!tuatiön ec:onlγ 。由Urs .ft..,.r 由e na 唱 抽s 'bMn in e f( t fαr

S帽'e t i.t:t:e. 协 hl condi ttm 盹且s the 碍proac:J甘 ng énd O( a

pertlC'1且ard伺ntr自.: .

皇经! - i s t hw l ast tradc r句10阳ed in the 毛ime pedod

lmð吧!lf. considerû.t 1on.

f2!!革豆豆,Ç!! - 1$ a sedeSl of t rF.dlng days vlth no v1s1ble

prog~ss !.n "í协er dlr~说∞. lls1二a l1y a.s.soci _~téd 背i th

narrov rar哩~ &ys or non- tr回lð !l地问 ·

~缸里旦旦 ·陆 官恬乞 be'þ,.avior re⑨冉胆的ed 町. con旧址i咽。r

dor.'咀nt pedod (' íth自 由。 rt-term (臼; or lnng..tenn 仰面Z
NR} an6. usu8Uy rear.hi咱 i ts nñ口。"悟急 pha刷 at 由eo .nð of

th.,) 1X'x io:去.
Cam回Cl'!0!IIl!X阳NS!ON PRDI刀:PL8- 刷黯巳草.. t:h.lt 岳悟 瞄由且

a"l"l ~ ph酬。啤non 1S ∞,ns tantly ehang!c可 C rut a pér1甜。f

!l1OV棚e,n t- to a ped。 骂 。r 国民 a nd 国c!< tø ;l pcriod o f

M四川阳明ι 'nlis i.nt=rcha.nge bè乞四~n t he phases Qf 础t.10l飞 船d

r. 拙 • c四、ge究tl由3 苗、d trrod , Qr tr3dir苟同ngQ and br.~kout.

"-'" 0:宽草坦ntly t..aJ也写 pIacc.时出自世 !)ha 四 directly

H到目nsib如 何X 白怠 。th眩' 军e.'<i st帽悍 'IMsμ睛由自制 i s

mo~ t.即 paren也睛lEm viC'llinq tl~ mar切时, 主出m t hR 00:飞 t.ext o f

pri ce 仰。:\tCS n t t 乞he op传鸣.

皿Y (TNSIDE> fm> - Is 帆(阳) d'y 叶ü础 has its daily rnnqe

CO!II)lQ龟~ly "i由ln 址胃 P帽叫屈居也 !ly ra呵ι

m Y (NE!Jli!AL1 ( NU1 - 田划rs 晴咱a 忌ler& L -Q se即回.ry

3uc: tlor回i.n b。时1 à iJ情已也 lona - up and óo*n
BI!.y (~啤硅剧时 (Nr1 - 喃喃 fi 臼 t ha气.lr ls .ran酬。αl'.pr i 相. 100%

Of tl回 day 'a !'缸1ge and 111 subæquen乞 ti础 brack誓ts tr3d壳
C叩~t ti暗 same þ-riee. as th4t 缸11 t. hl b>11.a旦.ce 也<Q号施­

Çh.<ðCt eri2ad k可 a 陆!:rt;t,; ðail1' a啕e õmd 10',",四 11.l.T.é .

l -E日{阳,也-'mENIl旷Nml'RAL) (IlrINlJD j~ ~ n~ rr~M rang~ day

laC'k l咱 di四ftrntlble biaa 1n 国协..,. d l出ction . E且al5 in 出Is

ca篇é 1s ðeta.rm1neci C)' 叶晦 E埠a:乞10怠。f 世!2 C:10Se "'!设、in th鑫

daily 咄咄·

EAY {OOISIDE> (001 - !能 a day i n w币11ch 也~he hi.gh and l ct'1i

p r,i c阳 arel 抽Spec tivãly , highèr !n(l 1仰自E 盹拍 拍CSE:! 时怕侵

pr~C'Gð i1布g day .

DU 1'mD四1 1m) - is a vië雪 岳阳'c-að d町叫出口1e open and

U障时回拿到国Z 啤F嚣ite ‘l<"..re睡S.

B盯('1'Rml) cm1 - I由en thè p10neer r皿ge e<;rnpr!s四 less

讪师 1 睬。f th~ dàY'S n叫@ 出 t ll~ ml.rKeI也'h 8 S no d棚lnant

araa o f tra曲 创\.rou叭。。也 出e $键~,s1on. CharZlcteri 目d by 回白

hillt-oou宫 pedodsc曲也inl..l ioq 臼白A d l口aoction of 世le init1al.

mcn响曲比。f 世蜡 pior.eec range.

282

llAY (;a:田 SPRFÀDl (商7】- 1$ a d巧vi.th • <!ally 目吨e 出鸪

1s larger 也.h,.D n 3.oy day's ran~ reta!;i咀阳出~p白vi.ous six
day". . I t lnd 1ca 时S ll>叩tent.um.

E空空HJ! - Product a义!s乞!ny to 以zy in t he tlùukiit.

DTS'I吸Z回到片~<JN__{J)_IST) - i . 引旧 &~ab1.1sÌ'咄阳~nt o! ln invest~田n也

由 朝阳~ati咽 pos!址。、 by profe臼 iona l 1的~S乞s in

anticipa乞Jo.'l Of a decl妇15- in p:1.ce.

EARLY .BIITRT (U) - A ~M9" pr1ce 羽肌喃自lt. 1n 0回祖国ct!曲

时也hin the t1rst fi !teen l!Iinùteø af~r 出eop剧。f 抽空 白!ly

sessîon . "'$ open <:õhoUld ac也a.s one extr印晴 pr。且ability
of cor比1nuð创。n i e; 9脱.
l!ðl也,,! Ð剖'R'Y_ (πPI! . 1) _íE!!LJ - Charac:ter1卧ð by the Ei rst
fh-e-mnutQ poriod's c!os肉 。n~ 缸trc配 anð th~ day 's open

∞ 出e oppcsite ext血腥 v!出 "四 range rwlðt1VQly large
骨lE S在如世 :1四皿nu回S 时"IOWM an ê申lU 白口眉t in 白蜡

direc也 ioo of the 窒 ir鑫急.
EULY 回回y ('I"l回到(l'!盟1 _。咀白白erized by .n 剧目盟 !Vðly

large range in the f!"!"~乞 flve-盯doi,l悟 perlod (larger th3n
EE!) 叫出 a gcneral . dri f t ln t:h~ clir cct.ion ot 协~ thrus乞出e

rel5t of 仙R day. 均ainl open is un' 世埠 。ppos ite e.."<也rF.!lTli3

fr白n tl~ C:I O$c of t.he period.

F.ART...Y EN'I'R'r P'.aDJ1RE (.EEP) - λt:tAr "Early 血町y, a 106:; .ot

in"""黯坦坦'" ar回 su.b..~毛主生呐二 副咀 tt lJ'o('i.'!I到t也.'"白血tcr 宅。 tÞ.e

eadirec剖 on o!' EE 自由且急缸哩 in 8 tID'I"<Ò! baJ出t.l!ro呵阳 也,}le! ' ly

键笛也ablish.ed cxtre比W雪·

m盟望这旦~ - 1'hQ market .(Ict.iOtl tha乞 坦白ll"S at thø conclUS.!On

of ∞喃自由 ion and 问 cM rt\Ctor! zed .by (邸) duy豁出 (WS7)

day窍'1'hÜ.i ó:c龟10n usual1γ i . 叶、. 00g!~.n ln2 of tffi差 n邑飞t

乞rcn<i.

BX'1宝宝宝- P1VO也 t即f∞ ttom çn l>>r 边回民. 切。 0: oore ::> 1.呵le
prin出 (ti明) at h:悖。r lOW' of èe'.-=löp!咱自由口pleted
d莲 i ly profllc d回民.

FAI主-且 拆埠ition tak曲。阴阳site to 由民 d i rHctlon c f -the

i nitial mo'咱。ff 出舍。pen on • 91咀n day. Th ls is 0引,1<" 1ty

c:onsldered 咱也en the initlal l'iDV吧 。f[ t)l.确句帽n i s !n tl晤

。pp.")s ite directlon of the pl:"ev;).iling t rond 剧。 pric币'

patterna $tudi8Ø confir m thc trct1d.

E血翠酷E 咀皿ADI!!咀 (MY

1n龟ε坦z虱lå tο 乞忧r惠n..酬=玛也 国且iηess 1n 拟》目d;毒后Eγ's毫 g三毫舍ssl。η~bstly thê1'

are loca1 floor tra<Þ_rs p rovi.dl r咆圄由e乞 llquidity.

fIWIE 'l"阳D"RS_ (Ol'IIER_Tll!E_l_{(!rPI') - M主主义et pe.rtlelpan垣暗号,

did not or!g1nally in急剧d to trξdF.- in tc响Y'ii Gé'ssion.
'l11ese ' traèa r:Il。回国槌吐出in a. l阴qer-tél"'l'll pers∞且也i础

fraxr望去 .

E空 - !s • day in 由i 咄 咄\Q d.a11y r目ge .is co:咱1<>坦 ly 000睛
。r bel刷出Q pre吐' 。!U5 di!l y'II dally r缸ge. hñ回 vi 酬!l\g

intraday cha.r1埠 a g'p 甜y apPQar 01"1 j巳st a hiqher or 10'民主

0-..。p四目 thout e,.,.甜甜可出e prcvio田 iÎa)'3 hi响。r 1

G\P (REVEJISlIL>(llG) - 钮e 10'11 ot 出~ 12S乞 clay 1" coopl民e!}"

above tJ回 preeeding dar's ae t. i(,)O叫抽出莞 clo捕 X酌它出扛苟且

leO.si二 t't.'O CIO!i1ngs;- with a Close abc飞re mtd..rn.ngé a."ld 也he

open . Tt、i3 rQcords- a 飞唱1γ 3trôn9 .:-hangc in eantia陆'nt; a
qen!Ual narrowinQ ð町的rend 1s re<:扣j red 00 tI (RG) 叩副司 t~e
opposite on • (部) do.n .

283

MAI这J>芷T
A!苦 ALITJ臼

创p {P姐. 咽副l (Rl1 - S1",!lar .t o (RG) J:ut 盹览宣言⑨曲曲 00也
ha~,晴 -00 be a))o'I.."'e/ OC10.' tlw prcvio咀 d'泞 ' 5 r副. 主町 。nl}~ t he

clo每e.

里边!L.i里跑1 - is a day in 晴、ich the ope'n is béloW'乞he

pιe、101.1S day 's- lc~ -a '1d 乞he- close 毛笔 above t he þrê 吐。也s dayt s

C10Sé wi出 él ñZl. r.立即 rangp.
豆豆豆(1lU监l-i::õ aday in 呐吐出由e open i5 abo四' 由e
ρre吐。国也y 电 hiqh and ' th号吐出e fo ""1。可 tile_ pre vious

-day' s 01 出e )ii 由 a 旧.n:Cfti r凶ge.

E!PO惯RKICS (R宵u i5 a ~e-l ibcrabêly fòrc甜,向 前 mar k... up

in !>ric'~ , The purpOSé (.)f 问归 de.rrnü市 iE:: the stimula泣。n óf

t.lniJlfOri配d buyi吨扭皑白Z 乞.0 f a.c ilit ate distribut!∞.
ZASr POINT OF S口PPLY (LliSY1 - A p3rro~,(ing l 'Úw vnlUi!le pr.ioe

ranqe (poGsibly 4 阳r 1峨)主h耐。ccurs just prt(.')c to t he

ccmnen口出1四宅。 f a marK up phesé 阳.1吨。l1S to Spril哄国 rd.

EMr FOINl' OF SOPPORT (LPS~ - A narro. , 10w volun冶 ~rice

~an得 (P9. .í bly 2 Dar 烟}出,t 毛血丑r~ j ust pri时抽出e
~nc时暗耐。f . 旧出晤。!.<lSé. Th弱 ma ry.e t is 国 1<1 to be
in equi librl\L'll a毛 this m7.!le.nt .
MM空军 - is a ny org(!ni 元ed e'先由出ge 喃自@问yeri; ?nð 辑ll~白

白汉阳~ t. to 出rohaugc 乞]国 lr 90世 I i n 白白白.se futu国窑

c.ontr,如cts.

盟军在 ·扭曲。 f ir峙, , tradé ::可 ist盯时抽出"tl脂民rlod
IJneer ∞陌 i der在, t.i,Qll.

OP田m; R!ÆE liRElI阳1r (。四l - ls a 乞~3de with 四try taJ曲。
üt. a pred的p.rmin时自rount abov怪 。r 1且low 剖撼。FEniT可 range .

h"nen the predce::::.nnined aJrO阳' t (晋、è Sb'理乞由) i5 。咄咄阳电叫 , a
bU:I- stoP i? plaç告d 协商t alfP\.I"Tlt ab。四日盲目!gh of theσpen ing

range and a s~ll stoþ i s plàCF,:d t Î'lf! $(.'.me amount belO\t 乞h 量
10"" of tl1窍 。penir呵主朝ge. 'Ille fj 自己 S江'9 出的坪 traded i s

th~ p'ositi剧目d 四 ( 0阻).

G回 PREFEREI忆里 (ORBP1 - 'Ii1e proco<l飞l!rê 1s simi l a r 如 th"

(Oll.B) b\lt the o n1y or咀er qn,t怠~e~ i~ tñe stcp 幻、世晦
dirGCti町、。.f th会由lt:y. 肾、筐 。ro协CU飞回 stop ls' â~téred on11
d加r t he. t r ade has 届四 enlc四,(1 . 'l1、9 ex~ption to this 151-

i f 苟同~ !由主l<é乞 t:rad 坦 t <> tl飞e stret ch i n 至t,e oPpo:;lte

diréC说。n fi_n~t.1 then th-e -(ORB?) is nülli 刊甜甜世位E

resting ordel' is Ci!.n<旦! lèd .

pn田'Bσ凹01 ( PBl - is 怠Ç.ay il1由icll t hé 10'ν :b:; ~.J.o"" 吐,.

10"1i of tl咀 prè(理dinq day anò 甘晤 10宵。f tþ~ f 0110_i .ng d 句 .
RV町咽p (同】- i5 a e町扣咄1出 乞he high ia 事ro啤 由e

-hign of 甘1e precefJin.g 也'i anõ the hi钩 。f t民' 主。110叫' 咱 .doy.

政目>LIIIJNlIRY D'膏咀ND (i咽 L i s a high vOl1.Ìr醋, '....Ìd铃 昂reaó <'i.ay.
乞ha1二 þroduces . a shot"急-li飞、:-ed r.al ly in? mark dO\l'l: ph益se .
Thi~ 臼~["3 -!?明胃制町精寸芹-fore the 运e!_ling clinaax and i a. tf回

fi rst:后,飞。r de圃: 始.

因丘,IM!l由RY 回PPLY . (PS) - ;黑. híg'讪咽1回程 , ~!dé spreâd day
th就 produces a s恼。民-liv~d reac乞i∞1'n a rn.a点 up 协ase.
如1s c∞ ur<'i S拥盹ime te句r.e tñ~ buying cl 趾田剧d l S the

firs乞 $1911 of suþply .

豆豆豆王盟主旦旦主 - λñis严.ppor~i。回te a!阳山t of prC";duct- on

cnc side of the mark注ι

PRlCE MOVE哑垫付 - 玄esul t,s frαn il:'1 imb坦 lance bet毛它en

Sl串 plyjde剧组口d.

坠且主... is a short..-恒 rm aõ'

lS 4

M ,\R 民Eτ
A纣ALYTICS

m 1m: (Il'IlLY) 仰的- 19 th? åíffatCnce bet....ep.n tl盹 h与h anð
low o! a gi 喃自 day.

m HlB (MiÐ> (MR) - la 世罩在陆俨乞皿ló:-po但也bIIt~幽E 硅., high

.r回立。首 。! a 'Jiv喧n day.
RAmR (tmt阳到门 (NR} - 1s t..he t;'/回11e% dail y r anqe relative t。

th9 previ.ou$ day .

NR4 - ;$ • d.lly 乞anqø t hal is na~rower 甘\an th~ prevlO\l!S
、bree ðoy骋。剧j)ar自1 individually l.O t he day i n question.
应Z - is a daily z础getl晤t. is narrσio"er th.n 目lC pre时阳拯

øl.x ê可也 C睛"l"'rad 虹世!v1ctually to the óay in qucstic.,.

L旦旦~ NR (豆豆!!l - ; "时咱 m.ITO'.帽晴 r.u哩-e f r ct:'l 'hi qh to low of

a.ny tïiO day -Péricd relative 宅。 any ~") aay 如此时叫出ln ~he

p帽vio也 twc!j\ty è . ys.

-主主注旦旦i旦旦2 is th41旧rrc盹'3t r.a nqe 主."", hiφ 协 坦w O{

.n}' 出..,., 曲.y peri时时lati回 国Any tbr曾 臼 Y PQri世 时抽 !n

时回 脚<>vi酬'怕咱也y daye .
立旦旦旦旦i坐监1 is 协Q t\arr臼~$t ronqe f~om hiqh to 1田 。f
a ny four dnγperiod r., 1. élt iv~ t o lIny 乞cûr d民Y per.icd w! 出 ln
t be !'吉琶v ia怕S 目吐rty d.>yQ .

-且主旦旦旦1m旦2 is t.h.皿E白血'st nt呵e 立面 hig阳 急。 1剧。f

.ny e二d忧<I.y per王。d t'Clati回 恒 ,,-'y elg吃 daj PQ'_丘。d 时,础。
时lC pre咿- i C'lU8 forty daye .
OPl!lmiG Rl\Ilm (OR) - 1$ t.hp. f i!:st thir也yaec由'ds o[ trod链 。f
cach 乞国 d ing doy .
应空空ER 旦坐!1lì-宁抽 f !rst col tllr.!\ 1n cl:!-e profl lc 9四阶ic
.,.也abli零 h i nq 1ni也ia1 hal .lncc . J.咱or. QCClh-.ately. tl咀!'.:口ge of

the fir址 nou明r o f tradl吨 in 缸\y cæmt:>di ty OtMr tt~扭 扭扭K

Dldc xes , 呐'il N' tl百 四 nqe froo open t'.o 1 : 如 is oonsièer时 the
1' 1 00时r rMÇJ'e .
m.~ (lIIDS-S阳阻D) (WS) -扭曲 incr~3eð dai ly ranqé
rtt tati~ tο 旧、e l' r喧viollt day .
RA阳军 I!XI'IiNSI。前- 瞄明白e lnlt.1u ì::el a nce iU'ea (pi t'll1fi:r
n吨时 i s di 眈盯 民苗 忡。也Iier 急如c fralÆ 泣时l>rs. ()r 毗m
pr1Cê即抑吊"。础 。f 由e p f.onecr ranq确 10 êither ði r:ec乞!on .
旦旦旦旦旦旦 - 16 a ar~Jrt-t.errn d~tin~ 1n tñe priCG .

-应旦旦旦旦」且1 j . op阳$ition t.Q a由aJlcing pdc也s ca咀嚼 by

a...., increaSft i n ov三 1101>1 网 路upply.
REVER田L (回回国主C!DSI!) (4DCR) -泛tcr Cour clOSGS 1n
a"1帽e proxl l'll1吁国甜甜。电her (回) óay occura .."i也 a c10嗣
>lx>velbel"" tllc !>=~V帆。" fOl.l!' c1佣w~ . C1osp. CJ! (陪) SO叫ld
be atxwe/be:l阳。[.A;<nin'1 an<l (用) .
RI!II回E埠, (喃喃l!R DAYαDSI!) (3DCR) - 协e c l ose 13 i'ib's四月埠1""
时"lC ;>T削ioWl t坦ree 4Qy ~. "f阳p. h !gh/l0", i元‘国吨,/l:><-1σ\l thtl
prvv100s 由ret:! day.s.霄11:! !ov/h i啡、 is a!xro'<l/èel C-. t l\e
10唱If,/hiçh o( t he l~幸t t圳、ln:E days. 贸市 已呈osc 1$ ab::r..:哩~1如旨
the 哼en and m.1è-range '~1th a (昭) b1g哩自由an the a~.晴m响
。f thé !<lst three d!l'y'"
EEVB跑到, (咀咀BE IlIIY RI国) ( 3阳的 · 币uee na rrol.' ra:ngc d属Y揭
a白 foll回回均 a 时 曲 邮E甜 dõγ"1白 ing 油。VQ/l:><-lOll th..
hlqh/1OV of 毡趾由r嗣甸.y pP.riod. 口。自由:;t.出租"..
。萨骂王ing a nð a1 d-ra!哩。 (0< t h<> day.
革E旦旦旦豆 - is • deli b<> ra 阳 1 y- f。些情ð pric售 出action 时咀..
purpose i 确 剖面也 。f 响 il1\Ul民 i呵 public selHnq ln 。艺der to
t'aci lita 舍~e thc ac 口~ t~t 1en of apQCUlat i飞穹 p".i t ior百 .

2.ß. S

MARK:JIT
AN.4.1.l''T!CS

SZ嗣 Ol! s'mn吸范R (SOS) - 主 dèci挝、眉目11y. after a SêCOndarj
h甜t 9f tt,e 1。苦, 阳king th.e始到由1:.- ':i胁晦 th忽 hi钩。f 出e
阳韧拥到 c ral J.Y. Acr..咽 F四i eó !;守 2飞19怕t- vc tume 出扭曲e
p 宵审'viou:s ra11ies and tì国辛臼:-07'1<1 也 ry 乞Es t .
S;HOW Op',W阻朋ESS (SOI/) - þ_ 曲。isive'. bn'!眈 arter a se∞ndã可

国民。f 出~l high, taki呵白e .ma.rket bel何时队ê 1ω 时 协e
AI.JtC\'l、前 ic Re甜tion. US1J民ly 出co:晤剖 ièd by 1U9her VÒ1Ull'l9

t han previous selloff台 ~nð .tbe. ,s,eccndary t est.

-理旦旦1 OÇ\.""U!'宫时梧n pric理阳嘲Þelo-W' a pi'毗 M叫

-élnd i2 '.dd键l5;PrP.注d r.eγ-ersal e叽SltC>S as fol 1ò.....~司·
( 1 ) l'呻 previ。时 cι。民哉 aré :reve~seå
(2) Clo民 1s W::>oVE_pi飞~'of botiom
(3) C1Q回 i5 abo飞鸟e 怜oC>tli到g and mid- rt,lnge
(4) !Jaily 曰叽宝e is greater t;回n 司、$ P会evio 坦

ð~yls range
豆旦旦应旦旦- is a c~ndlt!on in the' pr 句c'e !lP'飞峙的 t (}f a
m 内吨 th乱 has c部申扭扭d P出阴阳乞i ∞ and ha~ bE制 brou仙也
to a_poïnt w:her~ t如~ rrerkeé yll?'l 1tQve、' into a ma.rk 叩 or r.a rk
dû~n pë riL~ . ;且每pr. in怜。arð c四 边 '" 饵gnl'zeõ by t ñe
m时旧1 .1 γ nax_ro...~ t.r ade 出,.乞,ive .t o t如虐 pr.肝riotJs d巧 · 笃
act ion.

SI'EPFD旦旦旦 - 1n a 由ìJl1trend 前酬。'"抽出:ét hnlds 5 钮l ilar
$1。向咱 a!"lgl睦。f t'èsl址。到 ce off. of SJ,iCC臼si四1y 1.0咀' t ;; i飞vot

tops '.áthin. • the tr巳ld . 自主ncral呈y - 乞.hi.s ir飞dicates an
ac四lt'rati出悟出ê- aY.!stinq t.r四d

亘E歪歪豆豆豆P - i.n 四t.lptxend 咄e, n t.he 阻四盹 . hòl ds ~imilar
slop.ing' 酌gl<'S of '$邸阴rt cff ôf 四白白15i胃ly hiçher þivot
t均比<<l眨 -,1甜 irJ f..hé trand. 。警句et;"a lly , 出is lndica te暗 自3

accelç:ra t.i cn of 'the éXis乞ing 乞古怪,毛d_

STI翌甚至-. i $ detp..rnlÎn时 by 1∞K' ing 且由e previo:J$ t p.n days
酬。如培ragir.g t.M s um of thé diffêrènc:e写 情怕嗣11 合国哩 。;ên

for wi:h d~y 琵nd tht=专付。 S 胃 t-' extr~a to 世1G ôpe..'i .

旦旦旦主- ?ro.d阳急 ( FUtur凶∞ntrE.ct写 写P争ci-fica江y) 也is乱吨

也。 s告 ll b:飞乞走晤 ,菌.rket

豆豆豆豆二ill - is 呻归si'tion 扭曲~cl!ninq prices cauæd bf' an

印出的蜡 in 白南H抽 le 臼阳 nd_

TA主 - A pri 四 period 飞叫出的.è bUlk of 协安 traðe 甜<1 . C10SÓ
fo! 乞h," f?E=riod on pne e咕呻晦 witl1 vecy 1i比lê trad息 。n t,he
。I;.h~.r e:地re:回. SynonymoUè wl 挝、 Spik~'i 雪白暗t ia冶 S formiqf
Up叶江凶 ts/Spring轧 It~ is the p去e' decos毯。,r of mo且 majo町

Z授~ l:ga1弓.

tAIL (TOP OR BOT咽:M) i n or Hr) - 'Iñ军 阳由此 C10SèS hi ghe'c

'fQr three 百~ys i n t he t<骂9 par也 of thè tr!1d b飞:9 r.剧可ι
TE田1陆L SHilK阻YK - A ~esti阴阳'ea t时dn宫 place 出ova 缸,d
' " 乞?因 vici.ni ty ,_. of 甜1 impor也缸比 pi坝。乞 tOp 时回 t e::nds vd th
Spring:-乞Y})G!, a cti on . 币'!e 自制:(t ìa an 串(tenñi~~ arca ' of
acc山r:u!且ion wit h k a ftem M11i eh iZY中1icatiooι

啸酣T陆L OPmRUST -AC∞g 坦t.i<l的 ar国 takinq place 甜σ吨?.n<l

in 时随 飞i.icini乞.y of no_ j rr.p:>rtant Plvot _.tc;,忱'!at. cnds ',i!乞汩
up司1且自-t-typè .action . 世lG 1'é::.ult ia "ñO 等x;t.ensive area oi

d1 s乞:dbu:t:i. ö!"I wi tl飞 long-term bearish 却nplica乞 ions ;

望~法 - is a 白菜ìl.þàr !son tet,,;酷现制le price ' dif俨自由ce. oi

扭35 白白 iv事1)" 1。隅 r _ph:咱也 00肚 cms. 主 réduc:ticn i罚 甘币

diffêrênCé t:é-乞、 éèIl pivó乞 bóttQm军事hOi<iS a moæ第四U四 10S-5. An

28岳

.MA民KU

ANALYTIC.5

ino:喃自 1.. t}晴 d!ffer町ce ir'"'Ì曲曲 chl 肺气,τbott坦草帽自 a

m目æntl.l!l increa曾. 咀盟 SðJie an:且1y$18 ∞ n lle 三.ppl1ed 意。
(!m每~sh""=:ly h1qhfu. pivot top.s. a p虹'也 w
豆空军lSl' -曲出自由自") pri白 movQa I怕事

and a ~",ld Q:即 rfllað re气,c且al eJ'毛阳明白 (011剧'8

。) '1'''0 prevlou. clo持tS aro re四"时

(2) Clo$ft i~ bolOW pl'/O乞 top

(3) è1o$O 1$ below opening 剧d m1ð-ronge
(4) 阳lly <0:叼P. is grE!,)wr thpu'l出ê previ。晤
也3边Y'$ range .


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