E-Portfolio Mohd Fardzlee bin Abd Patah GB190077 MBV

DPP B2
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DPP B2
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DPP B2
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DPP B2
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DPP B2
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DPP B2
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DPP B2

EXERCISE:

REFERENCE :
1. Hibbeler, R.C & S.C Fan 1997. Engineering Mechanics, Statics. SI Ed. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0135995981
2. Yusof Ahmad. 1999. Mekanik Statik. Cetakan Ketiga. Malaysia: Penerbit UTM Skudai Johor

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DPP C2(b) -2

Kolej Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA
Masjid Tanah, Melaka.

INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
SESSION :
CODE/COURSE : OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2021 SEMESTER : 3
LECTURER : SHEET NO : 4
DKV 21273 STATICS & WEEK : 4
DYNAMICS
MOHD FARDZLEE BIN ABD
PATAH

TOPIC : EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLE

SUB-TOPIC : 2.1 Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle
2.2 The Free Body Diagram

LEARNING After completing the course, students should be able to:
OUTCOME : 1. Build the free-body diagram for a particle.
2. Calculate and solve particle equilibrium problems using

the equation of equilibrium.

CONTENT:

Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle

A particle is in equilibrium provided it is at rest if originally at rest or has a constant velocity
if originally in motion. Most often "static equilibrium" is used to describe an object at rest.
To maintain equilibrium, it is necessary to satisfy Newton's first law of motion, which
requires the resultant force acting on a particle to be equal to zero. This condition may be
stated mathematically as

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The Free Body Diagram

To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must account for all the known and unknown
forces (ΣF) which act on the particle. The best way to do this is to draw the particle’s free
body diagram (FBD). This diagram is simply a sketch which shows the particle “free” from
its surroundings with all the forces that act on it.

Procedure for Drawing a Free Body Diagram:

1) Draw Outlined Shape
Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut “free” from its surroundings by drawing its
outlined shape. A simplified but accurate drawing is sufficient. Particles will be
drawn as unique points comprised of the mass center of the particle.

2) Set up the Reference System
If not indicated, set up a reference system in accordance with the geometry of the
problem.

3) Indicate Forces
On the sketch, indicate all the forces that act on the particle. These forces can be
active forces, which tend to set the particle in motion, or they can be reactive forces
which are the result of the constraints or supports that tend to prevent motion.

4) Label Force Magnitudes
The forces that are known should be labeled with their proper magnitudes and
directions. Letters are used to represent the magnitudes and directions of forces
that are unknown.

5) Employ Equation of Equilibrium
Finally, equation of equilibrium must be employed to determine the desired
quantities. Care must be given to the consistency of units used.

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DPP C2(b) -2
EXERCISE:

1) Drawthefree-bodydiagramoftheuniformbeam.Thebeamhasamassof100kg.

REFERENCE :
1. Hibbeler, R.C & S.C Fan 1997. Engineering Mechanics, Statics. SI Ed. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0135995981
2. Yusof Ahmad. 1999. Mekanik Statik. Cetakan Ketiga. Malaysia: Penerbit UTM Skudai Johor

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DPP C2(b)-2

Kolej Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA
Masjid Tanah, Melaka.

INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
SESSION :
CODE/COURSE : OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2021 SEMESTER : 3
LECTURER : SHEET NO : 5
DKV 21273 STATICS & WEEK : 5
DYNAMICS
MOHD FARDZLEE BIN ABD
PATAH

TOPIC : EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLE

SUB-TOPIC : 2.3 Equilibrium Force
2.4 Coplanar Force
2.5 Three Dimensional Force Systems

LEARNING After completing the course, students should be able to:
OUTCOME : 1. Build the free-body diagram for a particle.
2. Calculate and solve particle equilibrium problems using

the equation of equilibrium.

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DPP C2(b)-2

CONTENT:

Equilibrium Force

A very basic concept when dealing with forces is the idea of equilibrium or balance. In
general, an object can be acted on by several forces at the same time. A force is a vector
quantity which means that it has both a magnitude (size) and a direction associated with it.
If the size and direction of the forces acting on an object are exactly balanced, then there is
no net force acting on the object and the object is said to be in equilibrium. Because there
is no net force acting on an object in equilibrium, then from Newton's first law of motion, an
object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion.
Let us start with the simplest example of two forces acting on an object. Then we will show
examples of three forces acting on a glider, and four forces acting on a powered aircraft.
In Example 1 on the slide, we show a blue ball that is being pushed by two forces, labeled
Force #1 F1 and Force #2 F2. Remember that forces are vector quantities and direction is
important. Two forces with the same magnitude but different directions are not equal
forces. In fact,

F1 = - F2
for the coordinate system shown with the letter X below the ball. If we sum up the forces
acting on the ball, we obtain the force equation on the left:

F1 + F2 = F net = 0
where F net is the net force acting on the ball. Because the net force is equal to zero, the
forces in Example 1 are acting in equilibrium.
There is no net force acting on the ball in Example 1. Since the ball is initially at rest
(velocity equals zero), the ball will remain at rest according to Newton's first law of motion.
If the ball was travelling with a uniform velocity, it would continue travelling at the same
velocity.
In Example 2, we have increased the magnitude of Force #1 so that it is much greater than
Force #2. The forces are no longer in equilibrium. The force equation remains the same,
but the net force is not equal to zero. The magnitude of the net force is given by:

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DPP C2(b)-2

F1 > - F2
F1 + F2 = F net
|F net| = |F1| - |F2|
where the "| |" symbols indicate the magnitude of the quantity included between the ends.
The direction of the net force would be in the positive X direction because F1 is greater
then F2. According to Newton's second law of motion, the ball would begin to accelerate to
the right. Because there is a net force in Example 2, the forces are not in equilibrium.

Coplanar Force Systems
If a particle is subjected to a system of coplanar forces that lie in the x-y plane, then each
force can be resolved into its i and j components. In this case the equation of equilibrium,

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DPP C2(b)-2

Note that both the x and y components must be equal to zero separately. These scalar
equations of equilibrium require that the algebraic sum of the x and y components of all the
forces acting on the particle be equal to zero. Since there are only two scalar equations to
be used, at most two unknowns can be determined, which are generally angles or
magnitudes of forces shown on the particle’s free body diagram.
Scalar Notation. Since each of the two equilibrium equations requires the resolution of
vector components along a specified x or y axis, scalar notation can be used to represent
the components when applying these equations. Forces can be represented only by their
magnitudes. When doing this, the sense of direction (direction of arrowhead) of each force
is shown by using + or – signs with respect to the axes. If a force has an unknown
magnitude, then the arrowhead sense of the force on the free body diagram can be
assumed. Since the magnitude of a force is always positive, if the solution yields a
negative scalar, this indicates that the sense of the force acts in the opposite direction to
that assumed initially.

Three Dimensional Force Systems

If a particle is under the effect of spatial forces then each force can be resolved into its x, y
and z components. In this case,

Since there are three scalar equations to be used at most three unknowns can be
determined. These may again be angles, dimensions or magnitudes of forces. In the three
dimensional case, the forces must be represented in vector form.

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DPP C2(b)-2

Free Body Diagram Samples

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DPP C2(b)-2

EXERCISE:
1) The car is towed at constant speed by the 600 lb force and the angle θ is 25°. Find
the forces in the ropes AB and AC.

2) Given F1, F2 and F3. Find the force F required to keep particle O in equilibrium.

REFERENCE :
1. Hibbeler, R.C & S.C Fan 1997. Engineering Mechanics, Statics. SI Ed. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0135995981
2. Yusof Ahmad. 1999. Mekanik Statik. Cetakan Ketiga. Malaysia: Penerbit UTM Skudai Johor

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Kolej Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA
Masjid Tanah, Melaka.

INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
SESSION :
CODE/COURSE : OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2021 SEMESTER : 3
LECTURER : SHEET NO : 1
DKV 21273 STATICS & WEEK : 1
DYNAMICS
MOHD FARDZLEE BIN ABD
PATAH

TOPIC : FORCE SYSTEM RESULTANTS

SUB-TOPIC : 3.1 Moment of a Force-Scalar Formulation
3.2 Cross Product
3.3 Moment of Force-Vector Formulation
3.4 Principle of Moment
3.5 Moment of A Force About A Specified Axis
3.6 Moment of A Couple

LEARNING After completing the course, students should be able to:
OUTCOME : 1. Determine moment in force system resultant for 3D.
2. Determine forces and moments in equilibrium state.
3. Determine the centroids and moment of inertia of rigid body.
4. Analyze the motion of a body in curvilinear and angular.

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CONTENT:
MOMEN DAN GANDING

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